“Bs Ey wees
& a
We
tae
in Cp Pee
‘A = sel
Oe Peet
ot hl
> |
— wr aaa
$
A NEW
ENGEssu) DICTIONAR ¥;
ON HR SORTCAL PRINCIPLES.
VOLUME III. D ann E,
HENRY FROWDE, M.A.
PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY OF OXF)
LONDON, EDINBURGH, GLASGOW
AND NEW YORK
A NEW x
ENGLISH DICTIONARY
ON HISI@RICAL PRINCIPLES.
ir
FOUNDED MAINIY ON THE MATERIALS COLUBERED BY
STED |
Co.;. © Bae yn)
8
ve WA Tp
Ls o; Yeaeok Pm
ues ee 5
4e@ r
Soy, ue y
Che) Philological Society, Clip,
Dr. JAMES A. H. MURRAY,
WITH THE ASSISTAME OF MANY SCHOLARS AND MEN OF SCIENCE.
VOLUME III. | :
D | E f 3
By J ASH. MURRAY, Lip. By HENRY BRADLEY, M.A. :
AT THRE ABE Don PRESS, ne
1897.
[Ad rights reserved.]
BY HORACE HART, M.A,
PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY
Z
:
$5
5:
;
~
Co 1 . Os
ne
‘a As fl 4 OR
Bore . 8 AV
TO "Or
THE QUEENS MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY
THIS
HISTORICAL DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
IS
BY HER GRACIOUS PERMISSION
DUTIFULLY DEDICATED
BY
THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD
A.D. MDCCC XCVII
PREFACE TO VOLUME “Sit
HIS volume contains the words beginning with the letters D and E (the latter edited by Mr. H. Bradley).
Including the Main words, to which separate articles are devoted (e.g. Day, Eye), the special
combinations or compounds, explained and illustrated under the Main words (e.g. day-boy, eye-wash), and
the Subordinate entries of distinct forms of words, entered in their alphabetical places with a reference to the
Main words under which they are treated and illustrated (e.g. Damacene, obs. f. DAMSON ; Ee, Sc. form of
EYE), the number of words amounts to 29,042. The Combinations of simple and obvious meaning (such as
day-beam, day-flier, eye-like, eye-syringe), of which lists are given under the Main words without further
explanation, but in most cases with illustrative quotations, number 2,750 more, raising the actual total of
words included in the volume to 31,792.
These words are thus distributed between the two letters :
Main Words. Subordinate words. Special combinations. | Obvious combinations. Total.
D 13,478 2,099 1,480 1,994 19,051
E 9,249 1,813 923 756 12,741
Considered as to their status in the language, the Main words are distinguished approximately into those
native or fully naturalized, and still current, those now odsolete (marked +), and those considered as alien or
imperfectly naturalized (marked ||). The distribution of the Main words is as follows :
Current. Obsolete. Alien. Total.
D 10,033 3,046 399 13,478
E 6,627 2,409 319 9,249
16,554 50455 718 22,727
If to these be added the words in Volumes I and II, we have, for the contents of the first five letters of
the alphabet, the following figures :
Main words. Subordinate words. Special combinations. Obvious combinations. Total.
A-E 66,254 13,181 10,156 8,017 97,608
That is to say, nearly a hundred thousand words, simple and compound, have already been dealt with in the
Dictionary. Of the 66,254 Main words, 47,786 (725 per cent.) are current and native or fully naturalized,
15,952 (24 per cent.) are obsolete, and 2,516 (33% per cent.) alien or imperfectly naturalized *.
1 For the sake of comparison with Dr. Johnson’s Dictionary, and with some more recent lexicographical works, the following figures have
been carefully compiled for the letter D.
Johnson Soon Century Dict. Funk's ‘ Standard.’ Here.
Total words recorded in D 2,684 10,089 10,705 11,181 19,051
Words illustrated by quotations 2,136 5,251 4,977 1,313 16,128
Number of illustrative quotations 6,529 9,178 12,471 1,815 85,446
The number of quotations under D in Richardson’s Dictionary, where the first serious effort was made to show the history of words by
quotations, is 7,988.
ee a ~~)
NEW ENGLISH DICTIONARY.
Of this volume 740 pages are occupied by the letter D, 488 by E. The contents of the E part are
treated of by Mr. Bradley in the Prefatory Note to that letter. Of the D part, the first 75 pages, to the
end of DEA-, and the last 200, from DiT- to the end, exemplify fully the composite nature of the modern
English vocabulary. Its two main bodies of words, from Teutonic and Romanic, are reinforced by a smaller
body from Greek, and interspersed with words in varying numbers from most of the European, many of
the Oriental, and some American and African languages. The same elements characterize pages 76 to 396
(D1B- to end of Dir-), where, however, there is a great preponderance of words formed with the Latin (and
French) prefix DE-, Latin D1- and Dir- (forms of Dis-), and Greek Di- and Dia-. But pages 379-540 contain
an almost solid block of words formed with the Latin prefix D1s-, extending to no fewer than 3.049 main
words, and including many of the most important verbs in the language, with their cognate substantives and
adjectives. We have only to turn to such words as defer, degrade, delay, depend, determine, detract, differ,
discover, disease, dispose, -ition, distance, -ant, distract, distress, district, disturb to appreciate the practical
importance of this element. A strong contrast to this latinized group is afforded by the 66 pages of words
in DR-, a combination foreign to Latin, in which therefore the words of Latin derivation are at a minimum,
and either go back to Greek or Celtic (Dryad, Druid), or arise from later syncopation, as dress.
Among the more important words of Old English and Norse origin are the great verb Do, to the
lexicographer one of the most formidable words in the language, which here occupies 16 columns, DRAW
(17 columns), the verbs dare, deal, die, dight, dip, dive, drag, drink, drive, drop, dwell, dye ; the substantives
Doe (claiming, with its combinations, 22 columns), daughter, death, die, door, down (sb., adv., prep., adj. and vb.),
draught (and draft), duck, drone; the adjectives dark, dead, deaf, dear, deep, dry, dull, dumb. Among those
of French extraction are the verbs defeat, deign, dine, doubt, dress; the substantives dame, damsel, danger,
deacon, demesne, diamond, diaper, dinner, dozen, dragon, dragoon, dungeon; the adjectives dainty, diligent,
DOUBLE (with combinations, 13 columns), dve. Among the words of Greek derivation are the medical terms
in D1A- so curiously formed from Greek phrases; though now represented in current use only by Diachylon,
they were formerly so numerous that their common element dia was itself taken as a word meaning
‘medical preparation.’ Interesting groups of dia- words are those connected with diaphanous and diather-
manous; other important groups from Greek are those in DyNAM-, and Dys-..
Among the words on which new etymological or historical light has been shed, or where the history
of special senses has been for the first time worked out, are daffodil, damask, dapple, dean, DEBENTURE,
Black DEATH, decoy, demijohn, dene-hole, dengue, DERRING-do, diaper, dicker, dict, dilettante, dtocese,
diphtheria, DISMAL, DISPATCH, dock, doddered, dolmen, Dom-daniel, dragoon; the military sense of detail,
the academic sense of determine, -ation, the philosophical sense of dialectic, the ecclesiastical and political
senses of dispense, dispensation, the logical sense of distribution, distributive. Other words of which the
English history receives special treatment are dirge, Dane-geld, Dane-law, dauphin, deacon, deist, detty,
defenestration, demarcation, demesne, despot, deuce, DEVIL, de-witt, diamond, DICTIONARY, die (dice), discount,
distemper and its family, divan (dewan, douane), docket, Doctor's Commons, dodo, doldrum, DOLLAR, domestay,
donkey, DUKE, dunce, Dunstable (way), DUTCH, dynamics, dynamo. Attention is called to the etymological
articles on the verbs die and do; under Drop sb. there is a note showing the historical relations of the areep,
drip, droop, drop family of words.
The materials for the words from D to Dely were sub-edited for us by Mr. F. T. Elworthy of
Wellington, Somerset, with the collaboration of members of his family ; the following section, to the end of
Dh, by Miss J. E. A. Brown of Further Barton, near Cirencester ; a small section, from Dia to Dialysis,
by the Rev. W. E. Smith then of Putney; and the remainder by our indefatigable worker, the late
Mr. P. W. Jacob of Guildford, part of this having been previously arranged by Mr. J. W. Warre Tyndale of
Evercreech. Much of the letter was subsequently revised, with addition of more recent materials, by the
Rev. C. B. Mount, M.A., of 14 Norham Road, Oxford, and by Mr. John Dormer, then of Horsham; to
the former of these we are also indebted for the detailed investigation of the history of several interest-
ing words; and to the latter for the compilation of the Lists of Special Wants for D, as also for filling
many gaps in our quotations for scientific and technical words.
In the ‘proof’ stage, continuous assistance has been rendered by Lord Aldenham (better known to
friends of the Dictionary as Mr. H. Hucks Gibbs), the Rev. Canon Fowler, D.D. af Durham, the Rev.
a
PREFACE TO VOLUME III.
J. B. Johnston, B.D., of Falkirk, Monsieur F. J. Amours, Glasgow, and, for later parts of D, by Miss Edith
Thompson and Miss E. Perronet Thompson, Reigate, and Mr. Russell Martineau, M.A., formerly of the
British Museum. But above all, we have to record the inestimable collaboration of Dr. Fitzedward Hall,
whose voluntary labours have completed the literary and documentary history of numberless words, senses,
and idioms, and whose contributions are to be found on every page; also the unflagging services of Dr. W. C.
Minor, which have week by week supplied additional quotations for the words actually preparing for press 1.
Grateful acknowledgement is made of the generous help of all these contributors and collaborators ;
as, also, of the contributions of Professor Eduard Sievers of Leipzig to the etymological articles on
Teutonic words, and of M. Paul Meyer, Member of the Institute of France, to the solution of difficult
points in French etymology. Among others who have given help on particular etymological points, are
M. Antoine Thomas of Paris, Dr. W. H. Muller of Leyden, Professor F. Kluge of Freiburg-im-Breisgau,
Prof. A. S. Napier, M.A., Prof. Margoliouth, M.A., the Rev. Prof. Driver, D.D., and Mr. J. T. Platts, M.A.,
of Oxford. Many of the scholars and specialists named in the Preface to Vol. I. have also helped on
particular points; special mention is due of Professor Sir Frederick Pollock, Bart., Prof. F. W. Maitland,
LL.D. of Cambridge, Prof. H. Goudy, D.C.L., LL.D., Prof. T. E. Holland, D.C.L., Oxford, the Rev. A. M.
Fairbairn, D.D., the late Professor Wallace (of whose ever ready help with logical and philosophical terms
a lamentable accident has so lately deprived us), Mr. H. T. Gerrans, M.A., L. Fletcher, Esq., M.A., F.R.S.,
and the Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew. We have also to acknowledge the substantial help of Prof.
Albert Chester of Hamilton College, Clinton, New Jersey, with mineralogical terms; of Dr. W. Sykes, F.S.A.,
of Gosport, with the history of medical and pathological words (see diphtheria); of Mr. Barclay Head of
the British Museum, with several numismatical words; of Mr. C. W. C. Oman, M.A., with the history of the
word duke, and of Prof. Sylvanus P. Thompson, F.S.A., and Prof. R. B. Clifton, F.R.S., with that of
Dynamo and Dynamic.
The assistants in the Scriptorium, who have been engaged on the work all through D, are Mr. C. G. Balk,
Mr. A. T. Maling, M.A., and Mr. F. J. Sweatman, B.A. In the early part of the letter I had the co-
operation also of the late Mr. John Mitchell and of Mr. W. Worrall, B.A. Mr. Mitchell had been on the
staff of the Dictionary for more than eleven years; and his sudden and lamented death, caused by a fall
when climbing in the Snowdon region, on August 30, 1894, was for certain departments of our work
a loss which is not yet repaired. In the later parts of the letter, I have had the assistance of Mr. C.
Talbut Onions, M.A., and Mr. A. R. Sewall; and, for certain portions, of Mr. A. Erlebach, B.A.
JAMES A. H. MURRAY.
THE SCRIPTORIUM, OXFORD,
May, 1897.
ADDITIONS AND EMENDATIONS.
(The recent publication by the Navy Records Society of a volume containing Naval Accounts of the reign of Henry VII, edited by Mr. M.
Oppenheim, has carried back the documentary history of many naval terms to a date much earlier than was previously known. Among the D
words are the following :)
Davitt; 1485 Maval Accts. Hen. VII (1896) 40 Daviott for the bote. /ézd. 49 Daviottes in the ffore castell, 1495 Jééd, 193 Devettes
with a shyver of yron. Jézd. Dyvettes with a colke of brasse. :
Dock. 1486 /éid. 23 About the bringing of the same ship into her dokke. 1488 /é2d, 26 Keping the said Ship at Erith in her dokke. 1495
/bid. 137 The Reparalyng, fortifying, and amendyng the dokke for the Kynges shippes at Portesmouth, makyng of the gates, & fortifying the hede
of the same dokke. Dock-head 1497 Jbid. 143 The dokke, the dokke hedde & gates of the same.
Dunnage. 1497 Jéid. 251 For xxxvj shegge Shevys layed alow in John Millers crayer for donage.
Dory, 54.2. 1726 Trav. Capt. N. Uring 346 We launched the Dory over the reef.
Daver, v. dia’. [InI. app. cognate with Du. daveren to shake, quake, MLG., LG. dawern, a word of frequentative form, of which the root
is uncertain. In II. perh, transferred from the same. |
1 Many new names have to be added to the List of Readers for the Dictionary; of these the following are here mentioned on account of the
importance of their contributions : Albert Matthews, Esq., Boston, U.S. (c 28,000), George Joicey, Esq., Gateshead-on-Tyne (8,500), Rev. J. W.
Hooper, M.A., Gateshead-on-Tyne (6,000), Halkett Lord, Esq., Scotch Plains, New Jersey, U.S. (4,000), Miss H. M. Poynter, Oxford (2,500),
Hellier R. H,Gosselin, Esq., and Miss Geraldine H, Gosselin, London (3,500). Constant help in the alphabetizing of material has been given by
Mrs, Walkey, North Allington, Bridport.
aN
EK
PREPATORY NOTE.
THE portion of the Dictionary occupied with the letter E contains 9,249 Main words, 1,813 Subordinate
words, 923 Special combinations, and 756 Obvious combinations: total 12,741. Of the 9,249 Main words,
2,409, or 26 per cent., are marked as obsolete, and 319, or 3% per cent., as alien or imperfectly naturalized.
The section of the English vocabulary included in the present half-volume is remarkable for the extremely
small proportion of native English words which it contains, as compared with the large number of
words adopted from French (many of which are obsolete), and of derivatives from Greek and Latin.
A feature of the words beginning with E that will at once attract attention is the unusual abundance of
technical terms belonging to modern science. It has often been difficult to determine whether particular
words of this class should be inserted or not; and probably no two critics would entirely agree in thcir
lists of deficiencies or redundancies in this respect. While care has been taken to ensure the utmost possible
accuracy in the explanation of the scientific terms given, it must be remembered that the concern of an
English Dictionary is with their origin and history as words, not with the minute description of the things
which they represent. So far as possible, modern words of this kind have been traced back to the authors
by whom they were formed, and the inventor's own statements as to the etymology and the reason for which
the name was given have, when it seemed necessary, been quoted.
Among the articles in which the current etymological statements are corrected or supplemented may
be mentioned those on the words each, eagre, Easter, Easterling, earnest, eddish, eel, either, elope, ember,
embracer®, encrinus, engineer, enker, enlist, enough, entellus, enthusiasm, entice, entropy, epergne, ephah, epicure,
era, ermine, errand, errant, essera, esurine, enonymus, euphroe, even sb., evening, ever, excise, extra. New
etymological information has also been given in many of the articles on prefixes and suffixes, which
are here extraordinarily numerous. Among the words of interesting history or sense-development are
economy, ecstasy, edge, effiuvium, electricity, element, elocution, embezzle, emperor, emphasis, enchant, engage,
engine, English, entail, entertain, enthusiasm, entire, esquire, essence, establishment, estate, esteem, estrange,
eternal, ether, euphuism, evangelical, evict, evidence, evident, evil, evolution, exact adj., excelsior, exception,
exchange, exchequer, exclusive, execute, exercise, exhaust, exhibition, exorbitant, expedite, expense, expire, explain,
explode, express, expression, exquisite, extend, exterminate, extenuate, extravagant, eye.
The treatment of the pronunciation has presented some special difficulties. An unusually large propor-
tion of the words dealt with belong to the class that are much better known in their written than in their
spoken form. The difficulties connected with the orthoepy of words of this kind have already been referred to
by Dr. Murray in the Preface to Vol. I; but the words beginning with E are perplexing for a reason peculiar
to themselves, the initial ¢ in unaccented syllables being pronounced variously in the same word, not only
by different speakers, but sometimes even by the same speaker. In words beginning with unstressed e¢ before
two (written) consonants, like effect, eclipse, entail, the initial sound is in rapid or familiar pronunciation
almost universally (é); but in careful or syllabic pronunciation the majority of educated speakers would.
retain the older sound of (e), except before s. On this ground it has been thought best to use the symbol
(e) in the notation of. words like those above quoted, and (é) in that of words like essential, estate;
but it should be understood that the sound expressed by the latter symbol is in colloquial use always
a permissible substitute for an initial unstressed (ce). Similar uncertainties exist with regard to the
unstressed initial E before a single consonant: in most of the words in which this occurs the pronunciation
varies between (7) and (2).
Before being taken in hand by the present editor, the material for the letter E had (in common with that
for several other portions of the alphabet) been subedited in 1881~2 under Dr. Murray’s direction by the late
Mr. P. W. Jacob, who also revised it in 1884—5, incorporating the additional quotations accumulated in the
meantime. Hearty acknowledgement is made of the important service thus rendered by Mr. Jacob; and
err rm
PREFATORY NOTE TO THE LETTER E.
it isa cause of regret that this accomplished scholar did not survive to see the publication of the first of
those portions of the work to the preliminary arrangement of which he so zealously devoted the latest
years of his life.
Although Dr. Murray is not responsible for any of the faults that may exist in this portion of the
work, he has rendered much valuable assistance in its preparation; there are in fact few pages that have
not been improved by the adoption of his suggestions. The proofs have been regularly read by Mr. Fitz-
edward Hall, D.C.L., who has furnished many hundreds of important quotations, carrying back the history
of words to an earlier date, or exemplifying senses or constructions not sufficiently illustrated; also by
Mr. H. Hucks Gibbs, M.P., by the Rev. J. T. Fowler, M.A., of Durham, and by Mr. W. H. Stevenson, who
have contributed many valuable annotations. Mr, John Mitchell, Dr. Murray’s senior assistant, has
also furnished useful remarks on the proofs.
On questions of Teutonic philology important help has been received from Prof. Eduard Sievers,
Halle, and Prof. Napier, Oxford: on questions of Romanic philology the advice of Prof. Paul Meyer has
been of great value. For information on various special subjects my thanks are due to the following:
the Rev. J. C. Atkinson, D.C.L.; Mr. A. Beazeley, C.E.; the Rev. T. E. Bridgett; the Rev. W. Bright, D.D.,
Canon of Ch. Ch.; Dr. Robert Brown; Mr. A. H. Bullen, M.A.; Mr. Ingram Bywater, M.A., Oxford ; Mr.
J. S. Cotton, M.A., Editor of Zhe Academy; Mr. P. A. Daniel; Mr. Léon Delbos; Mr. C. E. Doble, M.A.,,
Oxford; Mr. Austin Dobson; the Rev. Canon D. Silvan Evans; Dr. Fennell, Cambridge (for several
references for the article Eureka); Dr. Robert von Fleischhacker; Dr. S. Rawson Gardiner; Dr. R. Garnett,
British Museum; Mr. Israel Gollancz, M.A., Cambridge ; Dr. Carl Horstmann; Mr. Henry Jenner, British
Museum; Mr. Henry Jones (‘Cavendish’); Mr. W. F. Kirby, Nat. Hist. Dept., British Museum ; Prof.
E. Ray Lankester ; Mr. J. A. Fuller Maitland, M.A.; Mr. Julian Marshall; Mr. Russell Martineau, M.A., British
Museum ; Mr. F. D. Matthew; Prof. Alfred Newton, Cambridge ; Prof. Karl Pearson, University College,
London; Mr. T. G. Pinches, British Museum; Mr. A. W. Pollard, M.A., British Museum; Sir Frederick
Pollock, Bart.; Mr. F. York Powell, M.A., Oxford; Mr. R. B. Prosser; Mr. P. Le Page Renouf, British
Museum; Prof. Rhys, Oxford; Dr. Ch. Rieu, British Museum; Mr. J. S. Shedlock; the Rev. Prof. Skeat,
Cambridge; Mr. John Slater, F.R.I.B.A.; Dr. Oskar Sommer; Mr. W. Barclay Squire, British Museum ;
Mr. W. Sykes, M.R.C.S., Mexborough; Miss Edith Thompson; Dr. R. F. Weymouth. I have regretfully to
record that Dr. A. J. Ellis, F.R.S., Mr. James Lecky, and the Rev. Dr. R. F. Littledale, who furnished infor-
mation or suggestions for some of the earlier articles, are no longer living to receive this acknowledgement of
their valued help.
I desire also to express my thanks to the Trustees of the British Museum for granting me special
facilities for working in the Library; to the officers of that institution for the readiness which they have
shown on all occasions to assist my researches; and to Dr. F. J. Furnivall for constant and important help
in many ways. To my assistants, Mr. G. F. H. Sykes, B.A., and Messrs. W. J. Lewis, W. J. Bryan, and
H. J. Bayliss, working at Oxford, and Mr. E. Gunthorpe, working with me in the verification of references, etc.,
at the British Museum, I owe cordial acknowledgements for their zealous and painstaking co-operation. To
these names must be added those of Mr. S. A. Strong, M.A., and Mr. F. S. Arnold, M.A., each of whom
in succession was for a short period one of my Oxford assistants, but for reasons of health was compelled
to withdraw from the work. Special recognition is also due to the valuable services rendered by Mr. A.
Erlebach, B.A., in the revision of the proofs.
HENRY BRADLEY.
LONDON, October 1893.
EMENDATIONS.
Each. The form ezych should be deleted, with the quotation 1480-7 under (A. ¢), in which this occurs, the correct reading being
euerych (see EVERY).
Egg-berry. (Ecc sé. 7, p. 58.) This is a corrupt form of HAGBERRY, and ought not to have been given here.
Egromancy. The form egremauncey occurs a 1649 in Gregory's Chron. (Camd. Soc. 1876), 183.
Eirant, This form and Zrrant (omitted in its alphabetical place) see variants of HAURIANT, q.v.
Enhendee. The word is, as stated in the text, a mistake for OF, enheudee; but the misreading occurs in Fr. writers, ¢.g. Palliott 1664.
Eve-star. ‘The quotation 1691 under this word should be deleted. The word evester occurring there is adapted from the mod. Lat.
euestrum, which seems to have been arbitrarily invented by Paracelsus, and is explained in the Onomasticon-of _Toxites (1574) to mean, amongst
other things, ‘ the astral body [corpus sidereum] of man, which foretells to us either death or any other evil.’
Eylet-hole, 53.1. The following earlier example has been found :—1497 Naval Accts. Hen. VII (1896) 334 Makyng of olyett-hooles
with other necessaries for the scid sayles. ’
REY PO THEFPRONUNCIATION.
gas in go (gdu),
h ... ho! (hoa),
r ... vun (ryn), terrier (te'rioz),
1... hey (haz), farther (fa-13az).
S ... see (Sz), cess (ses).
Ww... wen (wen).
hw... when (hwen).
Y wo» yes (yes).
ORDINARY.
aas in Fr. 2 la mode (a la mod’),
ai... aye=yes (ai), Isazah (aizai-d),
ze .,. man (meen).
a ... pass (pas), chant (tfant).
au... lowd (laud), now (nau).
D ... cut (kvt), son (son).
e ... yet (yet), ten (ten),
e ... survey sd. (so'1ve), Fr. attaché (atafe).
lg... Fr. chef (fef).
2... ever (evar), natzon (n2!fan).
ai... J, eve, (ai), bind (baind),
ij... Fr. eau de vie (@ da vi).
i... sét (sit), mystzc (mistik),
z ... Psyche (sai*kz), react (ré\ze"kt).
o ,,. achor (ékoz), morality (morz'liti).
oi ... oz (oil), boy (boi).
0... hero (hiere), zoology (zogl5dzi).
... what (hwot), watch (wotf).
,0*.. got (got), soft (spft).
6... Ger. Kéln (kéln).
lo... Fr. pes (pd).
u_... fall (ful), book (buk).
iu... dwration (diuré'-fon).
zw ,,. unto (yntz), frugality (frz-).
iz .., Matthew (me*pisz), virtue (va'stize).
ii... Ger. Miller (miilér),
ll ... Fr, dune (din),
© (see ie, Ee, de, tie)
8 (see 21, ot)”
as in able (2ib’l), eaten (7t’n) =voice-glide.
* the o in soft, of medial or doubtful length.
OE. ¢, 0, representing an earlier @, are distinguished as ¢, 9 (havin
Goth. andei-s),
see Vol. I, p. xxiv, note 3.
b, d, f, k, 1, m, n, p, t, v, z have their usual values.
I. CONSONANTS.
4 as in thin (pin), bazh (bap).
Orem % OB
~
et
.. then (Sen), bathe (bz1d).
... shop (Sep), dish (dif).
. chop (tfpp), ditch (ditf).
. viséon (vi-zan), déyeuner (dezdne).
.. Judge (dgndz).
. Singing (sinin), thizk (pink),
. finger (finger),
II. VOWELS.
LONG.
as in alms (Amz), bar (baz).
. curl (koa), fur (for).
%)... there (Y€ex), pear, pare (pée1).
+. Tein, razn (réin), they (821),
owe Jers. fazres(fer’).
. fr (51), fern (fim), earth (3p).
1(ie).,. beer (biez), clear (kliox),
(du)... $0, sow (sdu), sozl (soul),
9... walk (w§k), wart (w9:t).
g . short (fgit), thorn (ppin).
WS... Fr. coeur (kr).
Ilo . Ger, Géthe (gété), Fr. jefne (zén).
i (ie).. poor (piiez), mgorish (mii-rif),
it, ii... pwre (pitier), lwre (l'iior),
a . two moons (ti mznz),
+» thief (bif), see (sz).
. boar, bore (box), glory (gloerri).
id, '@,.. few (fizz), late (1'7t).
«» Ger. griin (griin), Fr. jus (372).
In the Erymoroey,
(FOREIGN,)
nas in French nasal, environ (anviron).
1s
bel Mee
XM sas
bedi
. Ger. sagen (za-yén).
. Ger, legen, regnen (lé-y¥én, ré-y¥nén),
v
yt |
y
aa
Xe
oO
me
Oc ™e
Re COC &
wu
It. serag/vo (se.4'1¥0).
It. signvore (s/n¥o're).
Ger, ach (ax), Se. lock (lox, loy®).
Ger. ich (in.¥), Sc. nicht (néx’t).
OBSCURE.
in amoeba (Am7ba),
. accept (&kse*pt), maniac (mé! nik).
. datum (dé!tdm).
- moment (méu-mént), several (se-véril),
. separate (adj.) (se*parét).
added (se'déd), estate (éstatt).
vanzty (vee'niti),
. Temain (r/mé!n), believe (b/liv).
. theory (pz 6ri).
. Violet (vai-dlét), parody (pee'rddi).
.. authority (€po'riti),
. connect (kgne'kt), amazon (ce'mazgn),
itt, 41 verdwre (vS-1diiiz), measure (mergitiz).
. altogether (§ltzge-Bax).
if os:
cirevlar (sd-1kis#1a1),
|| Only in foreign (or earlier English) words.
g the phonetic value of ¢ and g, or 9, above); as in gnde from and? (OHG. antz,
monn from mann, on from an,
sh
Lioe OF
a. [in Etymol.] .,. = adoption of, adopted from.
@ (as @1300) ...... = ante, before.
@., adj., adj,........ = adjective.
absol., absol ... = absolutely.
= abstract.
= accusative.
= adaptation of.
= adverb,
= adverbial, -ly.
. = Anglo-French.
in Anatomy.
in Antiquities.
aphetic, aphetized.
apparently.
Arabic.
in Architecture.
archaic.
in Archeology.
association.
in Astronomy.
in Astrology.
attributive, -ly.
before.
in Biology.
Bohemian.
in Botany.
in Building.
¢ (aS €1300) ...... = circa, about.
Cy (aS IathiCysa,. = century.
Catalan.
catachrestically.
= confer, compare.
in Chemistry.
classical Latin.
cognate with.
collective, -ly.
colloquially.
combined, -ing.
Combinations.
in commercial usage.
compound, composition.
complement.
= in Conchology
concretely.
conjunction.
= consonant.
Construction, construed
with.
in Crystallography.
in Davies (Supp. Eng.
Glossary).
= Danish.
dative.
= definite.
derivative, -ation.
dialect, -al.
Dict. RECaNESSai 5 sue = Dictionary.
diminutive.
Dutch.
in ecclesiastical usage.
elliptical, -ly.
east midland (dialect).
English.
in Entomology.
erroneous, -ly.
especially.
etymology.
euphemistically.
except.
f. (in Etymol.] ... = formed on,
f, (in subordinate
PIXIES)! cesses. = form of.
fem. (rarely f.) ... = feminine.
eMpnias sav . = figurative, -ly.
= French.
= frequently.
= Frisian.
GiiGereuthan = German.
= Gaelic,
HT
wudud
ABBREVIATIONS,
Gothic (= Mceso-Gothic).
Greek.
- in Grammar.
Hebrew.
in Heraldry.
with herbalists.
in Horticulture.
Imperative.
impersonal.
imperfect.
Indicative.
indefinite.
Infinitive.
= influenced.
interjection.
intransitive.
Italian.
Johnson (quotation from).
in Jamieson, Scottish Dict.
Jodrell (quoted from).
Latin.
Latham’s edn. of Todd’s
language. {Johnson.
Hondnus
TEGe va recases = Low German.
lit. = literal, -ly.
Lith. = Lithuanian.
LXX = Septuagint.
Mal. = Malay.
masc. (varely m.) = masculine.
DIGI. |. oscusdascnne = in Mathematics.
MU essere = Middle English.
MEAT ccs = in Medicine.
med.L. = medieval Latin.
Mechs vcvace = in Mechanics,
Metaph. .......0000 = in Metaphysics.
MHG. = Middle High German.
midl . = midland (dialect .
Mil. = in military usage.
Min = in Mineralogy.
mod. = modern.
DBO = in Music.
CONDE ess sesaes = Nares (quoted from).
n. of action,,. = noun of action.
n. of agent .,....,.. = noun of agent.
Nat. Hist. ......... = in Natural History.
NGM ons ss5tsCass es = in nautical language.
neut. (rarelyn.) = neuter.
NING Ks iaects sce: = Northern French.
NOL ecsscntssededes = Natural Order.
HOM: sy; scscens = nominative.
HOrths 45, tis60- = northern (dialect).
to aR Wee a Pe . = New Testament.
Numism. = in Numismatics.
QDI. scasietods chysass = object.
= obsolete.
= occasional, -ly.
= Old English (= Anglo-
Saxon).
OF, (ORR hide = Old French.
= Old Frisian.
... = Old High German.
= Old Irish.
. = Old Norse (Old Icelandic).
«». = Old Northern French.
.. = in Optics.
. = in Ornithology.
... = Old Saxon.
...» = Old Slavonic.
... = Old Testament.
... = Original Teutonic.
«++ = Original, -ly.
wo = in alseontology.
+ seesseeeeeee = Passive or past participle.
PASS. sscsesosreosree = passive, -ly,
&e.
= tense.
= Pathology.
ae = Rea
wes =
.. = in Philology.
. = phonetic, -ally.
vss. = phrase.
.... = In Phrenology.
. = in Physiology.
--+ = plural.
.. = poetic.
++ = popular, -ly.
-... = Pparticipial adjective.
By
_= preting (word or article).
ei = paren ih
= present.
me signification.
. = privative.
prob. .... = probably.
PPMM sins steasse33 = pronoun,
= it a
= Sa
ae
= presest participle.
= in Psychology.
‘quod vide, which see.
= in Richardson’s Dict.
Roman Catholic Church.
refashioned, -ing.
teflexive.
regular.
representative, representing.
in Rhetoric.
Romanic, Romance.
substantive.
Scotch.
scilicet agate.
.. = subsequently,
+. = substantively.
. = suffix.
= south western (dialect).
w. = in hay a
= oe -ly.
"= in Col. Yule’s Glossary.
= in Zoology.
Before a word or sense.
+ = obsolete,
|| = not naturalized.
In the quotations.
* sometimes points out the word illustrated.
In the list of Forms.
1 = before 1100,
2 = 12th c, (1100 to 1200).
3 = 13th c. (1200 to 1300).
5-7 = 15thto Nes century. (See General Explan-
ations,
Vol. I, p. xx.)
In the Etymol.
* indicates a word or form not actually found, but
of which the existence is inferred. —
:— = extant representative, or regular jonetic 4
descendant of. ae
The printing of a word in SMALL CaPITALs indicates that further information will be found under the word so referred to.
(dz), the fourth letter of the Roman alphabet,
corresponding in position and power to the
Phoenician and Hebrew Da/eth, and Greek Delta,
A, whence also its form was derived by rounding one
angle of the triangular form. It represents the
sonant dental mute, or point-voice stop consonant,
which in English is alveolar rather than dental.
The plural has been written D’s, Ds, de’s.
The phonetic value of D in English is constant, except
that in past participles the earlier full spelling -ed is retained
where the pronunciation after a breath-consonant is now ¢,
asin looked, dipped, fished, passed. The spelling -ed is now
even extended to words in which OE. had ¢, as in wished,
puffed, kissed, OE. wyscte, Os cyste.
c1000 Aiirric Gram. iii.(Z.)6 B, c, d, g,2,t,
1673 Wycuertey Gentl. Dancing-Master v.i, His desperate
deadly daunting dagger :—there are your d’s for you! 1726
Leon: A dberti’s Archit. I. 67 b, The Walls .. of Memphis
[were] built in the shape of a D. 1879 Miss Brappon Vixen
III. 168 This. .must end in darkness, desolation, despair—
everything dreadful beginning with @.
2. Used in reference to the shape of the letter,
as D-shaped; so D block, D trap, D valve, ete.
See also DEE.
1794 Rigging §& Seamanship 1. 156 D-Blocks are lumps of
ore ppt ond ofaD.. bolted to the are side, in the
channels. 1827 Farry Steam Eng. 707 Sliding valves..
called D valves. 1 E. E. Napier Excurs. S. Africa I.
161 The saddle..should be abundantly studded..with iron
loops: or as they are—from their shape—termed in Colonial
phraseology, D’s. [See Der.] /éid. 163 Append to one of
the D’s of the said saddle, a leathern bottle. 1892 T. B. F.
Emerson Z£fid. Pneumonia 11 The catch-pit was covered in
by a D trap.
3. Used euphemistically for damm (often printed
d—), ete. Cf. DEE v.
1861 Dickens Gi, Exfect. xi, He flung out in his violent
way, and said, with a D, ‘Then do as you like’. 1877
Giteert Com. Opera, H.M.S. Pinafore 1, ‘Though ‘ bother
it’ I may Occasionally say, I never use a big, big D—.
II. 1. Used like the other letters of the alphabet
to denote serial order, with the value of fourth;
applied, ¢. g., to the fourth quire or sheet of a book,
a group or section in classification, etc.
1886 Oxford Univ. Statutes (1890) 109 The examination
in the above-mentioned ea A D shall be under the direc-
tion of the Board of the Faculty of Theology.
b. In typical or hypothetical examples of any
argumentation, D is put for a fourth person or
thing. (Cf. A, II. 4.)
1858 Kinestey Let. to ¥. Ludlow in Life xvii. (1879) I.
8 How worthless opinions of the Press are, For if A, B,
ros D, flatly contradict each other, one or more must be
wrong, eh Bowen Logic 208 If Ais B, Cis D. 1887
Times (Wi d.) 2x Oct. 3/2 This or that understand-
ing between Mr. A, Mr, B, Mr. C, and Mr. D.
2. spec. in Music. The name of the second note
of the ‘natural’ major scale. (In Italy and France
called Xe.) Also, the scale or key which has that
note for its tonic.
1596 Suaks. Tam. Shr. m1. i. 77 D sol re, one Cliffe, two
notes haue I, 1880 Grove Dict. Mus. 11. 269/2 A Concerto
of Bach in D minor.
3. In Algebra: see A, II. 5. In the higher mathe-
matics, @ is the sign of differentiation, and D of
derivation ; Dis also used to denote the deficiency
of a curve.
1852 Satmon Higher Plane Curves ii. (1879) 30 We call
the deficiency ofa curve the number D, by which its number
of double points is short of the maximum. B. Wittiam-
eendiad one.
son Diff: Calc. (ed. 2) § 5 When the increment is supposed
apr y saan is called a differential, and represented
y dx.
III. Abbreviations, etc.
1. d stands for L. denarius and so for ‘ penny’,
‘pence’; as 1d. = one penny, f£. 5. d, = pounds,
_Vot. TIT,
—,
.
shillings and pence. Formerly also, ¢@. = one
half (L. dimidium, also contracted d7., dim.) ; D.
=dollar (in Y..S.; now §).
1387 £. E. Wills 2 Y be-quethe to the werkes of poulys
vjs. viijd. 1488 Nottingham Rec. 111. 269 Ford. a quarter
of pepur. c1g00 Debate Carpenter's Tools in Halliwell
Nugae Poet. 15 Fore some dey he wyll vij.. drynke. 1588
Suaks. Z. L. LZ.11.i, 140 What’s the price of this yncle? i. d.
1791 JEFFERSON in Harfer’s Mag. (1885) Mar. 535/1 A pound
of tea: -costs 2D, 1866 Crump Banking 233 Pence or half-
petics are not legal tender for more than r2d., or farthings
for more than 6d.
2. D, the sign for 500 in Roman numerals, as
MDCCCXCIII = 1893. [Understood to be the half of
Clo, earlier form of M= 1,000. ]
(Formerly occasionally written De.)
1459 Juv. in Paston Lett. 1. 469 Summa, DCCCC lxv.
unces, /ézd. 471 Summa, De unces. 1569 GRAFTON Chron.
16 This Thurston obteyned the rule of the Abbey againe for
the price of .D. pound. ; :
3. D.=various proper names, as Daniel, David;
+ D.=Duke; d., d. (usually before a date) =died ;
+d.=degree (of angular measure); @ (in dental
formulz) = deciduous, as de., deciduous canine, dz.,
deciduous incisor; d or D (Anat.)=dorsal; D,
‘in the Complete Book, means dead or deserted’
(Adm. Smyth); d. (in a ship’s log) = drizzling.
In Academical degrees D. = Doctor (as a Lat. word
following, and as English preceding, other initials),
as D.D. (Divinitatis Doctor), Doctor of Divinity,
LL.D. (ZLegum Doctor), Doctor of Laws, M.D.,
Doctor of Medicine, Ph. D., Doctor of Philosophy,
D.C.L., Doctor of Civil Law, D.Lit., Lit.D.,
Doctor of Literature, D.Sc., Doctor of Science.
D.C. (Music) = Da Cafo (q.v.). D.G. = L. Det
gratia, by the grace of God, Deo gratias, thanks to
God. D.L., Deputy Lieutenant. D.T., vulgar
abbrev. of delirium tremens. D.V.=L. Deo
volente, God willing.
160r R. Jounnson Kz ne & Commu. (1603) 75 Betwixt the
Emp. then living and the last D. [= Duke] great gelosies
underhand. 1606 Coke in True §& Perf. Relat. Tjb, A
Doctor of fiue Dd, as Dissimulation, Deposing of Princes
.- Destruction, 1630 Wapswortx Pilg». vii. 64 This North
was created D.D, in Paris. 1635 J. WELLS Sciogr. 4 Let
6od. of the chorde, be equal to 30d. of the Sines, 17x0
SACHEVERELL Sf. on Impeach. 51 This argues a scandalous
Ignorance ..inaD.D. @1866 Kesie Lett. Spir. Counsel
(x870) 186 My dear wife (D.G.) bore up well through the
nursing. 1870 LoweLt Study Wind, (1886) 62 His cousin,
the Ph.D, 1872 O. W. Hotmes Poet Break/-t. v. (1885) 119
The D.D.’s used to be the leaders. 1873 H. Spencer Study
Sociol. ii. 39 The ‘D.V.’ of a missionary-meeting placard.
-d, formative of pa. pple. asin heard, paid, dead :
see -ED suffix.
Da (da). Nursery and homely abbrev. of Dana.
185r Lapy Durr Gorpon Let. in Three Gener. English-
women (1888) II. 216 Whether Da and my mother will stay
at Weybridge, I know not. /did, 217 Da is gloomy, I fear
’tis his normal state.
Da, obs. form of Daw, Day, Dor.
Dab (deb), 5.1 In 3-4 dabbe.
both being found c. 1300.]
1. A blow of somewhat sharp and abrupt char-
acter. b. A blow from a bird’s beak, or with the
[f. Das 2.1,
corner or point of anything which scarcely or only |
slightly penetrates; a thrust as if aiming to strike
or stab; an aimed blow. ec. dial. A slight blow
with the back of the hand or the like, a box, a slap.
1300 K, A /is. 2306 Philot him gaf anothir dabbe, That in
the scheld the ¢ Bylefte hongyng, and eke the arme.
Ibid. 2794 They laughte dedly dabbe. /é7d. 7304 Bytweone
you delith hit with dabbe, And with spere, and sweordis
dunt. a Puitutrs (ed. Kersey), Dab .. also a light blow
on the Chaps, or box on the Ear. 1731 Swirt Mem. Capt.
Creichton Wks, 1768 XI. 161, I gave him a dab in the mouth
with my broken sword, which very much hurt him. 1748
SMOLLETT Rod. Rand, (1812) I. 69 Giving us several dabs
with its beak. 1865 Dickens Mut, Fv. u. xi, Making two
dabs at him in the air with her needle. 1875 A. R. Hope
Aly School-boy Fr. 125 She made furious dabs at him.
1879 Miss Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk., Dad, a slight blow,
generally with the back of the hand. [Soin V. WW. Linc.
and Cheshire Gloss.]
d. fig. (cf. rap, poke, thrust.)
1705.in Perry //ist. Coll. Amer. Col. Ch. I. 160 Here's
another dab upon Gov’ Nicholson. 1748 RiIcHARDSON
Clarissa (1811) II xx. 140 At our alighting, I gave him
another dab. 1820 Blackw, Mag. V1. 391 "Tis now an age
. Since we have had a dab at any body.
2. A gentle blow or tap with a soft substance,
which is pressed slightly on the object and then
quickly withdrawn ; a stroke with a dabber.
1755 in JOHNSON
3. A flattish mass of some soft or moist sub-
stance dabbed or dropped on anything.
1749 in Doran Mann §& Manners (1876) I. xiii. 293 Putting
a large dab of hot wax under the arms, 1768-74 Tucker Lf.
Nat. (1852) II. 596 We..garnish the rims of our dishes with
dabs of chewed greens. 1779 Map. D’Arsiay Diary 3 Nov.,
How can two or three dabs of paint ever be worth such
a sum as that? 1874 Mrs. H. Woop Mast. Greylands iii. 32
Fifteen dishes he wanted for his dinner, if he wanted one.
Andall of ’em dabs and messes.
4, fig. Applied slightingly to (a) a small or
trifling amount, as of money given; (b) a slight
effort of the pen, etc.
1729 Mrs. Detany Life § Corr. 1. 453, I had your hasty
dab as you call it.. your dabs are of more worth to me than
folios of letters from any one else. 1735 Hervey Mev. 11.
13, 3200/, ever since he was King, besides several little dabs
ofmoney, 1762 H. Watpote Lett. H. Mann (1833) 11. 337
(D ) A new dab called Anecdotes of Polite Literature. 1788
Map. D'Arstay Left. 29 Jan., I actually asked for this dab
of preferment.
5. a. A wet or dirty clout. b. A pinafore. dia/.
1714 Swirt Hue § Cry, Reckon with my Washerwoman ;
malane her allow for old Shirts, Socks, Dabbs and Markees,
which she bought of me. 1721 Battey, Daé..a dirty clout.
1837 Tuackeray Vel/owplush i, Wet dabs of dishclouts
flapped in yourface. 1877.N W, Linc. Gloss., Dab,achild’s
Pinafore. :
6. Applied to persons: a. An untidy woman,
adrab. b. A small child, a chit.
Hse Battey (folio), Daé..also a word of Contempt for
a Woman. 1797 Mrs. Bennett Beggar Girl (1813) I. ox It
[Betty] is such an engaging, good-hearted little dab. 18
Miss Jackson Shropshire Word-bk., Dab, an untidy, thrift-
less woman, [So Cheshire Gloss.] 1833 Sir F. Heap Bubdles
of Brunnen, A little bare-headed, bare-footed dab of a child.
1864 Carern Devon Provinc., Dab, a chit.
7. See quots.
1788 Dycue Dict., Dad. .likewise a mangled piece of fat
meat goes by thisname. 1836 Dickens S%. Boz (1877) 38
Dabs of dingy bacon. .
8. 2/. The refuse or sediment of sugar.
1858 Simmonps Dict. Trade, Dads, refuse foots of sugar,
1881 Daily News 7 Sept. 3/4 Barbadoes dabs, 20s. to 21s...
Grenada dabs, 17s. to 19s. 6d.
9. Zype-founding. See quots,
1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Dab, an impression in type-
Ph of adie in course of sinking. 1889 T. B. Reep (77
etter), The common process of producing cast ornaments
for printing before the introduction of electrotyping was
known in English type-foundries as‘ dabbing’. The original
woodblock is dropped sharply into a bed of molten lead on
the point of cooling. A mould or matrix of the design is
thus produced ‘0 prod repli of the design, the
operator strikes this matrix into lead. The result isa‘ cast ”
or ‘dab’ in relief, which when mounted can be used to
print along with type.
10. A printer’s dabber.
186x W. F. Cottier Hist. Eng. Lit. 75 The worker of the
press has found the. .dabbers..unfit for use. .He sits down
with raw sheep-skin and carded wool, to stuff the balls and
tie it round the handle of the dab.
1*
DAB.
ll. Comb.,as dab-pot; +dab-stone, a game with
stones; cf. dabbers and dib-stone ; dab-wash (dia/.),
a wash of a few small articles, as distinct from the
usual household wash; hence dad-wash vb.
1876 Browninc Pacchiarotto ge Stick thou, Son, to paint-
brush and *dab-pot! 1652 J. Donne Zp. Ded. in Donne's
Paradoxes, Lelius and Scipio are presented to us as playing
at *Dabstone before they fought against Hanniball. a 1812
Matone (cited for *Daéd-wash by Todd s.v. Dad). 186;
Mrs. Gaskett Sylvia's L. vi, Having had what is calle:
in the district a ‘dab-wash’ of a few articles, forgotten
on the regular day. 188r RicHarpson in Gd. Words
51 A few clothes that had just gone through a ‘dab-wash’.
§]12. Dad is frequently written instead of DauB
= rough mortar, clay used in plastering, esp. in
wattle and dab (daub).
1839 Loupon Encycl. Arch. 840 Instead of brick nagging
for partitions, cob is used for filling in the framework. . This
sort of work is called rab and dab. 188z Miss Brappon
Asphodel vi. 70 Cottages, with walls of wattle and dab.
Dab (deb), 53.2 [Etymology unknown: cf.
however DaB sd.1 3.] A species of small flat-fish,
Pleuronectes limanda, nearly resembling the floun-
der, common on the sandy parts of the British coast ;
also used as a ‘street term for small flat fish of any
kind’ (Slang Dict.).
1577 Harrison England u1. iii. (1878) 1. 20 The plaice, the
but, the turbut, dorreie, dab, &c. 1620 VeENNER Via Recta
iv. 72 The Dabbe or little Plaice is of the same nature.
1778 Pennant Tour in Wales (1883) 1. 29 Dabs visit us in
November. 1851 Mayuew Lond. Labour I. 165 The fish
fried by street dealers is known as ‘plaice dabs’ and ‘sole
dabs’, which are merely plaice and soles, ‘dab’ being
a common word for any flat fish. 1886 R. C. Lesuie Sea-
painter's Log x. 193 A dab or plaice soon getting pale-
coloured when lying upon a white surface.
b. Comb., as dab-darter, one who spears flat-
fish ; dab-fish, flat-fish.
1883 G. C. Davies Norfolk Broads xxvi. (1884) 203 In the
deeper water the dab-darters are often hard at work..the
“dart ’..is like the head of a large rake with the teeh set
vertically. 1876 Rosinson Whitby Gloss., Dab-jish, all
kinds of flat fish.
Dab (deb), si. [Appears before 1700; fre-
quently referred to as school slang: origin unknown.
Conjectures have been offered as to its being a corruption
of adept, and of dapper, but without any other evidence
than appears in the general likeness and use of the words.
It is possible that it is a derivative of Das v.]
One skilful or proficient at (+ 9/, 27) anything ;
an expert, an adept.
1691 Athenian Mercury IV. No. 3 Qu. 8 [Love is] such | They [clothes] will be ..dabbed about, in every hole and
a Dab at his Bow and Arrows. _a1goo B. E. Dict. Cant.
Crew, Dab, expert, exquisite in Roguery..He is a Dab at
it, He is well vers'd init. xgxx Vind. Sacheverell 83 The
Dr. is charg’d with being a great Dab, as the Boys say, for |
he plays on Sundays. _a@1754 Fircpinc Ess. Conversation
Wks. (1840) 642 (To fetch a phrase from school..) great
dabs of this kind of facetiousness. 1759 Go_psm. Bee No. 1
A third [writer] is a dab at an index. 1845 THACKERAY
Punch in the East iv, wish to show Lam a dab in history.
1874 Hexps Soc. Press. v. (1875) 69, I am ‘a dab’, as we
used to say at Eton, at suggesting subjects for essays.
b. attrib. or Comb., as dab hand.
1828 Craven Dialect, Dab-hand, expert at any thing.
1870 Miss Bripcman Ro. Lynne II. iii. 67, He was a da’
hand at water-colours. [The comb. occurs in many dialect
glossaries from Lonsdale and Holderness to W. Somerset.)
Dah, 50.4 slang. A bed.
1812 Sporting |Mag. XXXIX. 16 Those who had been
accustomed toa downy dab. 1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Dict.,
Dab,abed. 1823 W. T. Moncrierr Tom § Ferry 11. iii.
(Farmer), Vhen ve’ve had the liquor, ve'll .. all go to our
labs.
Dab (deb), v.1 In 4 dabben, 6 dabbe. In-
flected dabbed, dabbing. [This and the accom-
panying sb. Das! appear about 1300; there is
nothing similar in OE.
Middle and early modern Dutch had a verb dadéen, accord-
ing to Oudemans, ‘to pinch, knead, fumble, dabble’: cf.
Ger. taffen to grope, fumble (with the hands, as in the
dark); butit is not clear that there is any connexion between
this and the English word. Rather does the latter appear
to be of independent onomatopeeic origin, being, primarily,
the expression of the mechanical action in question by
analogous oral action, including (but only in a ——
way) the representation of the sound. Cf. Dus v., whic
in some of its senses appears to be of kindred formation]
I. To strike, peck, stick, etc.
1. ¢vays. To strike somewhatsharplyand abruptly.
(The ME. sense is not quite clear.) b. To strike
so as slightly to pierce or indent; to peck asa bird
with its bill; to pick the surface of a stone (see
quot. 1876); to stick or thrust. Now chiefly Sc.
¢. in mod. dial. To strike with a slight blow, as
with the back of the hand. +70 dab nebs: to kiss.
ar Pol. Songs (Camden) 192 This Frenshe come to
Flaundres .. The Flemmisshe hem dabbeth o the het bare.
1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 551/1 The pricke of the
fleshe, to dabbe him in the necke. DEKKER 2nd Pt.
Hon. Whore w. ii, Let me alone for dabbing them o’ th’
neck. 1730-6 Baitey (folio), Dad, to cuff or bang; to slap
or strike. 17.. in Jamieson Pop. Ball. §& Songs (1806) 1. 87
(Jam.) The thorn that dabs I’ll cut it down, Though fair the
rose may be. 1786 Yung. Coalman's Courtship (ed. 20) 5
You may..dab nebs wi’ her now an’ then, 1876 Gwitt
Archit. Gloss., Dabbing, Daubing .. working the face of
a stone..with a pick-shaped tool .. so as to form a series of
minute holes. 1885 Runciman Shippers § Sh. 82 One chap
dabbed his sticker through my arm here. 1887 Cheshire
2
Gloss., Dab, to give a slight blow to.
th’ maith’ [= mouth]. : é
d. intr. Of a bird: To peck with the bill. e.
To aim at in order to strike, as in playing at mar-
bles, or throwing a stone at a bird, etc. Sc.
1805 J. Nico. Poems I. 43 (Jam.) Weel daubit, Robin!
there's some mair, Beath groats an’ barley, dinna spare.
1826 Witson Noct. Ambr. Wks. 1855 1. 25 Chuckies ..
dabbing at daigh and drummock. Mod. Sc. If you go near
the nest, the hen will dab at you. Which marble shall I dab
at? Some boys dabbing at a cat on the roof of the shed.
2. To strike or cause to strike (usually with
something soft and of broadish surface) so as to
exert a slight momentary pressure, and then with-
draw quickly. The object may be a. the brush,
dabber, etc. used; b. the moist or sticky substance
applied; ¢. the surface to which it is applied.
a. 1592 Nasue P. Penilesse (ed. 2) 13 b, A Painter. .needs
no more but wet his pencill, and dab it on their cheekes, and
he shall haue vermillion and white enough. re | J. Bav-
cock Dom. Amtusem. 143 A common printer's ball..is now
to be dabbed on the whole surface. 1863 Tynpatt Heat
viii. § 313, I dip my brush. .and dab it against the paper.
b. 1562 Turner Herbal u. 31a, Laser..is dabbed about
the stynginges of scorpiones with oyle well menged or tem-
pered, 1750 E. Situ Compl. Housewife 352 Dab it on with
a fine rag. 1833 Ht. Martinzau Tale of Tynei.8 One who
dabs brick-clay into a mould. 1853 READE Chr. Fohnstone
109 [It] dabbed glue on his gauzy wings. E
C. 1747 WesLey Prim. Physic (1762) 63 Dip a soft rag in
dead small Beer, new Milk warm, and dabb each eye,
a dozen times gently. 17.. S. Suarp (J.), A sore should
never be wiped by drawing a piece of tow or rag over it,
but only by dabbing it with fine lint. 1879 Newspaper, If
the bleeding be too copious, dab the part with a rag wetted
with creasote. E ;
d. spec. in Printing, Etching, etc.: To strike
or pat with a dabber for various purposes, as ¢..
in order to spread colour evenly over a surface.
1789 Mrs. Detany Life & Corr. (1861) IIL. 573, I found
one painting and another dabbing. 1799 G.Smitu Ladsora-
tory 1. 339 The interstices may be dabbed over with the
tincture of that colour which you would have for the general
ground-work. 1832 G. R. Porter Porcelain § Gl. 300
Holding the brush perpendicular to the glass, every part of
the latter must be dabbed so that the surface will be dimmed
‘Dost want dabbin i’ |
}
bythe oil. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech, 1.673/1 Theinsinuation |
{in stereotyping] of the damp paper into the interstices of the
letters by dabbing the back of the paper with a hair brush.
3. To set or put down with a sharp, abrupt
motion (cf. to stzck down) ; to throw or fling down
in a rough, careless, untidy manner.
1772 G. WasuincTOon in Mag. Amer. Hist. May (1884) 71
corner. 1877 Holderness Gloss., Dab, Dab-doon. .to fling
down with violence. 1884 Chester Gloss., Dad, to set things
down carelessly, not in their right place.
II. Specific senses of doubtful history, or in-
direct connexion with prec.
+4. Fishing. To fish by dipping the bait gently
and lightly in the water; to dap, dib. Ods.
1676 Cotton Angler 11. v. 295 This way of fishing we call
daping, dabbing, or dibbing.
8. To dibble. dza/.
1787 W. Marsuatt Last Norf. Gloss., Dadsing, dibbling.
1847 in HatiiwELL.
. Type-founding. To produce a ‘dab’ in the
process of making matrices, etc.
1889 [see Das sd.! 9). |
+7. ? To deceive, jape. Obs.
1616 R. C. Times’ Whistle vi. 2402 Like the parish bull he
serves them still And dabbes their husbandes clean against
their will. : ;
8. A modification of Davs v., to plaster.
1577 Ludlow Churchw. Acc.(Camden) 164 Item, to Hum-
= for dabinge the churche house..vjd. 1730 A. Gorvon
4,
and Mortar. /bid. 374 Those who in various ways t orm
and dab over those parts of the Building. 1855 Browninc
Grammarian’s Funeral 72 Fancy the fabric Quite, ere you
build. . Ere mortar dab brick !
Hence Dabbed (dxbd) f//.a., Da‘bbing vd/. sb.
and fi. a.
1885 W. Rhind’s Trade Circular, A beautiful smooth
und, which .. will stand the acid bath better than any
bbed ground, 1843 Penny Cycl. XXVII. 577/2 The
wound itself does not — .. Washing and sponging and
dabbing. 1874 Knicur Dict. Mech., Zoabbing-eadektee, the
machine employed in casting large metal type.
+ Dab, v.2 Obs. (Cf. Dapsy and Dapsie.]
? To be wet and dabbled, to hang like wet clothes.
1 Puaer Aineid vi. (R.), I a held with crokid
h the mountaynes toppe, ncombrid in my clothes that
dabbing down from me did droppe.
Dah, adv. [The verb-stem or sb. used ellipti-
cally.] With a dab, or sudden contact.
1608 Armin Nest Ninn. 2 He dropt downe..as heauy
as if a leaden plummet .. had fallen on the earth dab.
1884 — wiper! Mall G. ~ Dec. : 1/1 One who
sharpens his pencil point d of seizing his big; sh
and going dab at the mountains with splotches of colour.
Dabber (de-baz). [f. Dan v.1+-ER1.]
1. One who or that which dabs. b, spec. A
rounded mass of some elastic material, enclosed
in leather or silk, used to apply ink, colour, etc.,
evenly to a surface; employed in printing from
type, wood-blocks, or engraved plates, in paintin
on china, etc.; in Printing = Bau sb.1 13. ¢.
brush used in stereotyping for pressing the damped
i s Amphith.272'The Stepsare..dabbedoverwith Lime |
DABBLED.
paper into the interstices of the type, or for various
urposes in gilding hy, etc.
fee i Probes wok .. The ..is to
beichion thinly and dabbed all over with the bber. 1799
G. Smitn Laboratory 11. 419 Have ready a dabber made of
glove leather filled with cotton, or
wool
vii.
beans |
Char.
a dabber [brush].
2. (See quot.)
1881 Oxfordsh. Gloss. Supp., Dabbers, a
children with small round flint stones.
with which the game of Dabbers is played.
Dabble (dbl), v. [Appears late in 16th c.
Agrees in form, and in sense 2, with Du. daddelen,
var. of dabben, expl. by Plantijn as ‘pattrouiller,
ou patteler de mains’ to dabble with the feet or
hands, met de voet int slijck dabbelen, ‘ trepiner des
piedz en la fange’, to trample with the feet in the
mud. In form Du. daddelen is the frequentative of
dabben:; the relation of dabble and dad in Eng. is
less clear.]
1. trans. To wet by splashing, as in running
through a puddle or wading about in shallow water,
or by pressing against wet shrubs, or the like;
to move anything to and fro in water; hence to
wet in a casual way; to disfigure or soil with
splashes of any liquid; to bespatter, besprinkle,
bedabble. Said of the personal agent, or the
liquid medium.
Hg, Hcbreaghombt ogres Husb, xxvii, Set bauen alone, lay
the bowghes from the blockes: the drier, the les maidens
dablith their dockes [skirts behind]. 1594 Suaks. Rich. ///,
1. iv. 54 A Shadow like an Angell, with bright hayre
Dabbel’d in blood. 1604 MippLeton Witch u. iii. 3 We
must take heed we ride through all the puddles. .that your
safeguard there May be most probably dabbled. a 1656
UssHer Amn. vi. (1658) 570 The Country being woody they
were daily dabled with the fall of snow from the trees. 1676
Wiseman Suzg. (J.), I scarified, and dabbled the wound with
oil of tu tine. 1860 Gen. P. Toompson Audi Alt. ILI.
cxxi. 66 The men who are dabbling the Queen’s robe in
blood. 1887 T. A. Trottore What / remember II. v. 85,
1 dabbled a handkerchief in a neighbouring fountain for her
to wash her streaked face.
b. causal.
1847 Tennyson Princess 1. 297 Or in the. .holy secrets of
this microcosm, Dabbling a shameless hand.
2. intr. To move (with feet or hands, or the bill)
in shallow water, liquid mud, etc., so as to cause
some splashing; to play about in shallow water,
to paddle.
1611 Cotcr., Patouiller .. to padle, or dable in with the
feet. 1626 J. Pory in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1.331 They .. made
her to dable in the durte on a foul morning (Hey Sle
House to St. James. @1661 Futter Worthies (1840) IL.
135 Ducklings, which .. naturally delight to dabble in the
water. 1789 Worpvsw. Evening Walk, Where the duck
dabbles ’mid the rustling sedge. 182r Crane Vil/. Minstr.
II. 118 The long wet pasture she dabbles through.
1858 Frouve Hist. Eng. 111. xvii. 488 The minister who ..
had stooped to dabble in these muddy waters of intrigue.
3. fig. To employ oneself in a dilettante way 77
(any business or pursuit) without going deeply or
seriously into it; to work off and on aé, as a matter
of whim or fancy. Const. i (with, at, etc.).
1625 B. Jonson Staple of N. u.i, Let him still dabble in
poetry. 1676 Marvett Mr. Smirke 14 Some Youngster
nat bad been Dabbling amongst the Socinian Writers.
i yeas Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 120 One of those sources
disputation which must not be dabbled with: we must
drink deep, or had better not taste at all. 1792 T. JEFFERSON
Writ. (1830) IV. 465 Examining how far their own members
. had been dabblin in stocks. Dickens Old C. Shop
xxviii, It’s the delight of my life to have dabbled in poetry.
x G. Macponatp P. Fader III. i. 14 The man who
dabbles at saving the world by science, education, hygeian
and other economics. s 4
+b. To meddle, tamper wth ; to interfere zn.
1660 R. Coxe Yustice Vind. 7 He has bound himself up
from dabling with the Grounds of Obedience and Govern-
ment. a1732 Atrersury 70 Pope (J.), You, I think, have
been dal g here and there with the text. 1776 Pane
Com. Sense, Addr. Quakers (1791) 80 Dabbling in matters,
which the professed quietud: a yom iples instruct you
not to dle with. 1794 Sir F. M. Even in Ld. Auck-
land's Corr. (1862) III, 238 As he loves to be dabbling, he
may perhaps go. ‘ f
+4. To move up and down in a playful, trifling
manner, like one dabbling in water. Ods.
@ 1688 Vittiers (Dk. Buckhm.) Poems (1775) 169 I'll dabble
up and down, and take the air.
Dabble, sd. [f. prec. verb.] The act of dab-
bling; that which dabbles.
3871 R. Exis Catudlus \xiii. 7 While still the gory dabble
did anew the soil pollute.
Da‘bbled, 7//. a. [f. DaBBLE v. + -ED.] Wetted
bysplashing; casually or irregularly wetted; stained
or soiled with water, blood, mud, etc.
1g9x Sytvester Du Bartas 1. iv. 397 The lively Liquor
God With dabbled heels hath swelling clusters trod. 1727
Swirt Poems, City Shower, Rising with dabbled wings.
1887 STEVENSON Dadermeeds 1. ix. 18 The maiden jewels of
the rain Sit in your dabbled locks again.
Da‘bblement. monce-wd. [See-ment.] Dab-
bling (in semi-concrete sense).
played by
, a stone
DABBLER.
1866 CartyLe Remzin. (1881) II. 236, 1.. alas, was met by
a foul dabblement of paint =“ downstairs.
bler (de‘ble1). [f. DappLe v. + -ER1.]
1. One who dabbles, esf. in any business or pursuit.
1611 Cotcr., Patouillard, a padler, dabler, slabberer ;
one that tramples with his feet in plashes of durtie water.
ax625 Fietcuer Elder Bro. u. ii, A little unbaked poetry
Such as the dabblers of our time contrive. 1768-74 TuckER
Lt. Nat. (1852) 1. 7 Your dabblers in metaphysics are the
most dangerous creatures breathing. 1869 Freeman Norm.
Cong. (1876) III. xi. 72 A dabbler in arts and sciences.
+2. (See quot.) Obs.
1611 Cotcr., Papejif, the maine course; that part of the
maine-sayle whereto the bonnets, or dablers be fastened.
Da‘bblesome, a. vonce-wd. [See -somx.] Given
to dabbling.
1866 Biacxmore Cradock Nowell liii. (1883) 370 Dabble-
some interferences with ancient institutions.
Dabbling (deblin), v/. sb. [-1nG1.] The
action of the verb DABBLE; an instance or result
of such action.
1677 Hussarp Narrative 109 Many of the rest were sorel
wounded, as appeared by the dabbling of the Bushes wit
blood. 1712 Swirt ¥rnl. Stella 19 Dec., We are full of
snow and dabbling. 1856 Froupr //is¢. Eng. (1858) I. iv.
361 Some further paltry dabbling was also attempted with
the phraseology. 1884 Chr. Treasury Feb. 92/1 The dis-
connected dabblings of. .untrained forgers.
Da‘bbling, 4/. a. [-1NG2.] That dabbles.
166r Lovett Hist. Anim. & Min. 518 In dabbleing
weather and autumne. 1816 J. Gircurist Philos. Etym.
178 Superficial, dabbling authors. a@1845 Hoop Mermaid
of Margate xii, A scaly tail, of a dolphin’s growth, In the
dabbling brine did soak.
Hence Da‘bblingly adv.
18rr W. Taytor in Monthly Rev. LXV. 134 The first
number is written by the editor, and treats dabblingly of
‘dabblers’. .
Dabby (debi), a. [f. Dan v2, Das sd. 5.]
Damp, moist: (of clothes) wet and clinging to the
body ; flabby; flaccid.
18x J. Sruptey Seneca’s Medea 131 b, When the stormy
southerne winde with dankish dabby face Of hoary winter
sendeth out the gushing showres apace. 1812 Sforting
Mag. XL. 167 All very greasy, blousy, dabby, dusty, salt-
watery, and so on. a1825 Forsy Voc. LE. Anglia, Dabby,
moist, and somewhat adhesive ; sticking tothe skin like wet
linen. 1844 J.T. Hewett Parsons & W. v, Your. .overalls,
which hang dabby and flabby about your legs. @ 1845 Hoop
Domestic Asides iv, I should have loved to kiss her so,—
(A flabby, dabby babby !).
Dabchick (dz'b,t{ik). Forms : a. 6 dapchicke,
dopchicken, 6-7 dopchick(e; 8. 7 dip-chicke,
9 dibchick; y. 6 dobchickin, 7-8 dobchick ;
6. 7-9 dab-chick, 8- dabchick. [The early
forms dap-, dop-chick, with the later dzp-chick, and
synonym DopprEr, appear to connect the first part
of the word with the ablaut stem deup-, dup-, dop-
of Dir, DEEP; but the forms in dod-, dab-, seem
to be associated with some senses of DaB v.]
The Little Grebe, Podiceps minor, a small water-
bird, found in rivers and other fresh waters, and
noted for its diving; in U.S. the name is applied
to another species of Grebe, Podilymbus podiceps.
a. 1575 TurBERV. Faulconrie 150 Small fowle, as the dap-
chicke, or suche like. 1583 Gotpinc Calvin on Deut. xc.
552The Swanne the Cormorant the pellicane, the Dopchicken
the storke, 16x53 CuarpMaANn Odyss. xv. 636 She. .Shot dead
the woman, who into the pump Like to a dop-chick dived.
1732 Mortimer in Phil. Trans. XXXVII. 449 Podicipes
minor rostro vario, The Pied Bill Dopchick. 1888 W.
Somerset Word-bk., Dapchick. (Always.)
B. 1602 Carew Cornwall 35a, The Dip-chicke (so named
of his diving and littlenesse). 1827 T. Atrwoop in C. M.
Wakefield Zi/ viii. (1885) 109, I am glad Bosco has got the
dibchicks.
y. 18.. Parl. Byrdes 88 in Hazl. £. P. P. U1. 171 The
Cote, the Dobchick, and the water Hen. 1598 FLorio,
Piombrino ..a bird called a kingsfisher. Some take it for
a_dobchickin. na cage ny Frnl. in Acc. Sev. Late
Voy. 1. (604) 59 ite-breasted Divers, and Dobchicks.
1678 Ray Willughby's Ornith. 340 The Didapper, or Dipper,
or Dobchick, or small Doucker. 1766 Pennant Zoo/, (1768)
IL. 397. oe Morse Amer. Geog. I. 214 Dobchick.
6. 1610 [see c]. 1728 Pore Dunc. u. 63 As when a dab-
chick waddles thro’ the copse, On feet and wings, and flies,
and wades, and hops. 1789 G. Wuite Sedborne (1853) LI.
xli. 273 Dabchicks and coots fly erect. 1870 THorNBURY
Tour Eng. 1. i. Brentford again dive ,, to reappear
suddenly, like a dab chick on the surface of history.
b. dial. Applied to the Moor-hen or Water-hen.
1877 NV. W. Linc. Gloss., Dab-chick, the water-hen. 1879
Shropsh. Word-bk., Dab-chick, the Water-hen.
e. fig. Ofa girl.
1610 B. Jonson Adch. w. ii, Fore God, She is a delicate
Dab-chick ! I must have her,
q Ash’s explanation ‘A chicken newly hatched ’
(to which the Century Dictionary refers the quot.
from Pope in a 4) is merely an amusing blunder.
+ Dablet. Ods. In 4 deblet, 7 Sc. dablet,
daiblet. [a. OF. deadlot (14th c. Godefr.), dim.
of deable, diable Duvi.] A little devil, an imp.
1380 Wycur Sern. Sel. Wks. II. 328 Pe fend movep pes
debletis to fere Cristene men fro treube. @ ONT-
GomerIE Flyting 379 When the Weird Sisters had this
voted, all in an voyce, The deid of [the] dablet. did. 515
For the din of thir daiblets raisd all the deils.
| Daboya (daboi:a, da‘boya). Also daboia.
pings daboya that lies hid, the lurker, f. dabna to
Jurk.] The large viper of the East Indies,
3
1872 W. Arkin Sci. § Pract. Med. (ed. 6) 1. 387 A horse
bitten by a daboia. 1889 Century Mag. Aug. 505 Among
the vipers the daboya is entitled to rank as a poisoner close
to the cobra.
Dabster (dzbstaz).
see -STER.]
1. One skilled at anything; an expert or dab.
Chiefly dial.
1708 Brit. Apollo No. 3 3/2 Ye Dabsters at Rhime.
1770-86 P. SkeLton Ws. V. 203 The right dabsters at asly,
or a dry joke. 1824 Hist. Gaming 29 Her .. luck at play
(for she was a dabster), 1842 AKERMAN Wiltshire Gloss.,
Dabster, a proficient. 1888 Berksh. Gloss., Dabster, one
who excels greatly. [So in many dialect Glossaries.]
Applied depreciatively : cf. Daussrer,
DaABBLER. ;
1871 Browninc Pr. Hohenst. 389 Lines Which every
dabster felt in duty bound To signalize his power of pen and
ink By adding to a plan once plain enough. 1892 /dler
Sept. 203, I ama very indifferent amateur, a slouchy dabster,
a mere artistic sarcasm.
|| Dabuh. [Arab.
praz dsdbéias Jer. xii. 9.] The Arab name of the
Striped Hyzena, retained by some early naturalists.
1600 J. Pory tr. Leo’s Africa II. 342 Of the Beast called
Dabuh... It .. will rake the carkeises of men out of their
graves, and will devour them. 1607 TopsELL Four. Beasts
439, The second kind of hyena, called Papio or Dabuh.
ab-wash: see Das sé. 11.
|| Da capo (da ka-po). Aus. [It. da from capo
head, beginning.] A direction at the end of a piece
of music to repeat from the beginning ; the end of
the repeat being usually marked with a pause or the
word Fine, (Abbreviated D.C.) Also fig.
1724 Short Explic. For. Wds. in Mus. Bks. (Stanf.), Da
capo, or by way of Abbreviation DC. 1740 Dycne &
Parvon, D.C. in Musick signifies Da Capo, that is, give or
lay the whole or some particular part of an air again. 1855
Tuackeray Newcomes i, And then will wake Morrow and
the eyes that look on it; and so da capo. -
Hence Da capo vz. (once-wd.), to repeat (music).
1764 Poetry in Ann. Reg. 240 Say, will my song, da
capo'd o'er, Piano soft, Andante roar, 1803 in Spir. Pub.
Frnis. (1804) VII. 21 Thus you may da capo this musical
entré.
Dace (déis). Also 5 darce, darse, 6 dase.
[ME. darse, etc., a. OF. darz, dars, nom. (and pl.)
of dart, from 15th c. dard Dart, dace: cf. Cotgr.,
‘ Dard, a Dart; also, a Dace or Dare fish’; so
called from its darting motion : cf. DARE.]
1. A small fresh-water cyprinoid fish, Lezciscus
vulgaris.
¢1430 Two Cookery-bks, 20 Take Dace, Troutys, and
Roche. c 1460 J. Russert Bk. Nurture 575 Perche, rooche,
darce. 1496 Bh. St. Alban’s, Fishing (1810) 36 Another
[bayte] for darse & roche & bleke. 1538 LeLanp J/¢zx.
V. go Bremes, Pikes, ‘lenches, Perches and Daces. 1655
Movurer & Bennet Health’s [ntprov. (1746) 271 Daces or
Darts, or Dares, be of a sweet Taste, a soft Flesh and
ithe Nourishment. 1802 Binctey Anim. Biog. (1813)
II. 84 Dace afford great amusement to the angler.
1833 Lams Elia, Old Margate Hoy, With no more relish
_ sea, than a pond-perch or a dace might be supposed
to have.
b. U.S. Applied locally to other fishes resem-
bling or allied to this: as the genus RAinichthys,
and the redfin, Minnzlus cornutus. (Cent. Dict.)
2. Comb., as dace-like.
1838 Lytton AJice vi. iv, Stopping Mr. Douce’s little ..
dace-like mouth. :
|| Dacey (dési). Anglo-Ind. [ad. Hindi aési,
f. ds country.] Of or belonging to the country
(i. e. India), native ; = CounTRY 13 b, as in dacey-
cotton, silk, manufacture, etc.
1876 L. P. Brockett Sidk-weaving i. 13 (Cent. Dict.).
|| Dachshund (da‘ksjhund). Also in partly
anglicized form dachs-hound. ([Ger. = badger-
dog.] One of a German breed of short-legged long-
bodied dogs, used to draw badgers; a badger-dog.
c1881 M. Arnotp Later Poems, Poor Matthias, Max,
a dachshound without blot. 1888 Mrs. H. Warp &. £/s-
mere (1890) 285 The sleek dachshund .. sat blinking beside
its mistress, a
Dacite (déssit). Geol. [Named 1863 from
Dacia, the Roman province including Transylvania
+-ITE.] A name for varieties of greenstone or
trachyte rock containing quartz.
[1878 Lawrence Cotta’s Rocks Class. 185 Stache has given
the name of Dacit to a quartzose trachyte.] 1879 RuTLey
Stud. Rocks xii. 235 The chemical composition of the dacites
varies considerably. :
Dacity (de'siti). dial. Also (s.w.) docity.
[An aphetic form of audacity : so in local dialects
dacious.| Capacity, ability; activity, energy.
1636 W. Sampson Vow Breaker v, I have plai’d a Major
in my time with as good dacity as e’re a hobby-Horse on ’em
all. 1746 Exmoor Scolding (1879) 209 Tha hast no Stroil ner
Docity, no Vittiness in enny keendest Theng. | 1855 Rosin-
son Whitby Gloss., Dacity, fitness, capacity, suitable address
in a matter.
Dacker, daiker (deka, de’kor), v. Sc. and
north. dial. Also daker. [app., in sense 1, the
same as MFlem. daeckeren ‘ volitare, motari, mo-
bilitari; et vibrare, coruscare” (Kilian, 1599). But
sense 7 is not clearly connected with the others, and
may be a separate word.]
[In sense 1 f. DaB 56.3 :
2 gabus hyena = Heb.
DACRYOLITH.
I. 1. int. To shake to and fro, waver, totter,
stagger. Eng. dial.
1668 Skinner Etym. (1671), Dacker, vox in agro Lincoln.
usitata : significat autem Vacillare, Nutare. 1674 Ray N.C.
Words 13 Dacker, to waver, stagger or totter, a word used
in Lincolnshire. 1876 Whitby Gloss., Daikering .. also
quavering with the limbs; ‘a daikering sort of a body’,
a paralysed person. 187 N. W. Linc. Gloss. (ed. 2),
Dacker, to waver, to shake fitfully. .‘ I could see the chimla
dacker ivry gust that came’.
2. To walk totteringly as from feebleness or in-
firmity; to toddle; to go about slowly, idly or
carelessly ; to saunter, dander.
1818 Scorr Rod Roy xxiii, Gin ye'll.. just daiker up the
gate with this Sassenach. — Hrt. Midi. viii, Wha wad
hae thought o’ his daikering out this length? 1825 Jamir-
son, Dacker, daiker ..(7) To go about in a feeble or infirm
state, Ettrick Forest. 1851 Cumbrid. Gloss., Dakerin,
walking carelessly.
8. To work in an irregular or pottering way.
1703 THorespy Let, to Ray (E.D.S.), Daker, to work for
hire after the common days work is over, at 2d. an hour.
1808 Jamieson, Dacker, daker, daiker..3. To toil as in job
work, to labour..5. To be engaged about any piece of work
in which one does not make great exertion; to be slightly
employed. 2 7
4. fig. To remain or hang on in a state of irreso-
lution ; to vacillate, equivocate, waver; be irregular
in one’s ways. Also, to have relapses in sickness.
1818 Scott Rob Roy vi, Sae I e’en daiker on with the
family frae year’s end to year's end. 1877 in NV. IW. Linc.
Géoss., ‘I knew he was liein’, he dacker'd..in his talk.’
5. To truck, to traffic (Lothian).
‘It properly signifies to deal in a piddling and loose sort
of way ; as allied in sense to E. Aigg/e’ (Jamieson).
. To have dealings, engage, grapple wth.
1785 Poems Buchan Dialect 10 (Jam.), | dacker’d wi’ him
by mysel’. 1882 in Edwards Mod. Sc. Poets Ser. 1. 193
"Iwere well wi folk they oft would think Afore they daiker
long wi drink.
II. 7. To search (¢tr. and ¢rans.).
1634 Burgh Rec. in Cramond Ann. Banff. (1893) 11. 251
The bailyie, haiffing causit searche, seik, and dacker the
duelling housis. 1717 Air& Session Rec. in Gordon Chron.
‘eith (1880) 90 Warrant for dackering for the said meal.
1768 Ross Helenore 91 (Jam.) ‘To dacker for her as for
robbed gear,
|| Dacoit (dakoit), sé. Also dakoit, decoit.
[Hindi dakait, orig. dakatt, f. daké gang-robbery,
f, Skr. dashtaka compressed, crowded.]
A member of a class of robbers in India and
Burmah, who plunder in armed bands.
Also applied to pirates who formerly infested the Ganges
between Calcutta and Burhampore ; see quot. 1810.
1810 T. Wittiamson £. Judia Vade M, 11. 396 (Y.) Decoits,
or water-robbers. 1844 H. H. Witson Brit. /udia 1. 399
The Dakoits did not commonly proceed to murder; but
they perpetrated atrocious cruelties. 1888 Pall Mall G.
1 Feb. 3/2 The whole of Lower Burmah was ravaged by
bands of dacoits, who defied and defeated the local authorities
and robbed whole villages.
Hence Dacoi't v., to plunder as a dacoit ; Da-
coi'tage, Dacoi'ting, the practice of a dacoit,
DacolTy ; Dacoitee’, one robbed by a dacoit.
1886 4 thenzum 1 May 578 The only choice left him is that
of dacoiting or of being dacoited. 1890 ies 26 Dec. 3/1,
2000 rupees and other property belonging to them were
dacoite: 1887 New York Examiner 12 May (Cent. Dict.',
We may expect soon to hear that Dacoitage has begun with
as much vigor as ever. 1887 Edin. Rev. Apr. 499 It may be
a pleasanter game to play the dacoit than the dacoitee.
1885 Manch. Courier 16 Dec., It is stated that dacoiting ..
has taken place at Bhamo.
|| Dacoity (dakoi'ti). Also de-, dacoitee, -ie.
[a. Hindi dakaztz, abstr. sb. f. dakart.]
The system of robbery practised by the dacoits ;
gang-robbery ; an act of robbery with violence
committed by an armed band (now, according to
the Indian penal code, of not less than five men).
1818 Jas. Miz Brit. Jndia (1840) V. 466 (Y.) The crime of
dacoity (that is, robbery by gangs). 1845 StocquELER
Handbk, Brit, India (1854) 223 Not less than one hundred
Dacoities..are annually reported. 1891 7imes 12 Jan. 5/2
A dacoity did occur..and property was carried off.
“| Erroneously for Dacor. ;
1849 E, E, Napier Excurs. S. Africa I. 7 Once the
property of a renowned Decoitee, or river-pirate.
Dacre, obs. form of DicKER (of hides).
Dacryd (de'krid). ot. [f. mod.L. Dacrydium,
a. Gr. daxpvdiov, dim. of Saxpu tear, in allusion to
resinous drops exuded by these trees.] A tree
or shrub of genus Dacrydium, allied to the Yew.
1846 Linpiey Veg. Kingd. 228 In New Zealand the Dacryds
are sometimes no bigger than Mosses.
Dacryolin (dz'kriolin). Chem. [mod. f. Gr.
daxpv tear+-OL+-IN.] The form of albumin found
in the tears.
1875 A. Fist Physiol. Man. V. 145 The albumen.. is
called by some authors, lachrymine..or dacryoline. 1882
Syd. Soc. Lex., Dacryolin..is converted by slow evapora-
tion into a yellow insoluble substance.
Dacryolith, -lite (de*krijolip, -loit). Path.
[f. as prec. + Ai@os stone.] A calculus or concretion
occurring in the lacrymal ages.
1847-9 Tonp Cycl. Anat. 1V. 82/1 Calculous formations in
the lacrymal organs .. may be known by the generic name
dacryolith. 1875 H. Watton Dis, Eye 1009 Conjunctival
dacryoliths have been described. 1882 Syd. Soc. Lex.,
Dacryolith, same as Dacryolite.
1*-2
DAORYOMA.
Dacryorma. /ath. [f. as prec. after such
sbs. as carcinoma.] An impervious state of one or
both of the puncta lachrymalia, preventing the tears
from passing into the lachrymal sac.
1830 in S. Coorer Dict. Surg. 373. 1857 in DuNGLISON.
| Da . Path. [f.as prec. + dy eye, face.]
a. An affection of the eyelid: a clear cyst due to
distension of one of the lachrymal ducts. b. A
watery eye.
; 1857 in Duncuison. 1859 HuLKE in Ofthalm. Hosp. Repts.
. 287.
Dactalomancy, error for DacryLIoMaANcy.
+Daretile. Obs. [?f. Dacryi sb.] ?v. intr. To
run quickly and nimbly. (If not a misprint for
ductile adj., as treated by Gifford, or for ¢actz/e.)
@ 1637 B. Jonson Mortimer’s Fall, Thy form doth feast
mine eye, thy voice mine ear..And softness of thy skin my
very touch, As if I felt it dactile through my blood.
1 (dektil), sd. Also 5 -ylle, 5-6 -ile, 6
-il, -ill, 7-9 -yle. [ad. (perh. through F. dactyle) L.
dactylus, a. Gr. daxrvAos, a finger, a date, a dactyl
(from its 3 joints).]
+1. The fruit of the date-palm ; a date. Ods.
[1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvi. cxvi. (1495) 678 The
frute of the palme is callyd Dactulus.] 1483 Cath. Angl. 88
A Dactylle fute (fruytt A.), dactilis. 1541 R. CopLanp
Guydon's Formularye Xijb, Powdre of dactiles. 1644
Butwer Chirol. Aiij, Thus while the tefull Age offer
whole springs Of Palme, my zealean humble Dactyle brings.
1656 in BLount Glossogr.
2. Prosody. A metrical foot consisting of a long
syllable followed by two short (or, in modern
verse, of an accented syllable and two unaccented).
c1420 Wyclif Bible, Fob Prol. (1850) Il. 671 Vers of sixe
feet, rennende with dactile and sponde feet. 158x S1pNEY
Apol. Poetrie (Arb.) 71 The French .. hath not one word,
that hath his accent in.. Antefenultima, and little more
hath the Spanish : and therefore, verie gracelesly may they
vse Dactiles, 1589 Putrennam Eng. Poesie u. xiv. (Arb.)
140 This distique . . standing all vpon perfect dactils, xe
Eacuarp Cont. Clergy 13 If... upon the first scanning, he
knows a sponde from a dactyl.. A forward boy! cries the
school-master. 19779 Burney in Phil. Trans. LXIX. 196 If
he discovers a partiality for any particular measure, it is for
dactyls of one long and two short notes. 1838-9 HaALLam
Hist. Lit. u. v. § 92 The first foot of each verse is generally
adactyle. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. I. 30.
3. A mollusc, the piddock (Pholas dactylus).
ok BincLey Anim, Biog. (1813) HI. 442 The Dactyle
olas.
+ Da‘ctylar, 2. Ods. rare. [f. L. type dacty-
lar-ts, {. dactyl-us: see prec.] Pertaining to a
dactyl ; dactylic.
(c 1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 307 The.vj. is cleped dactilare
for it is schape as it were pe stoon of a date.) 1828 in
WEBSTER. 1
+ Dactyle't. O0s. nonce-wd. [f. Dacty +
-ET, dim. suffix.] A little dactyl.
1597 Br. Hatt Sat. 1. vi. 14 How handsomely besets
Dull spondees with the English dactilets.
Dactylic (deektilik), a. and sb. [ad. L. dacty-
lic-us, a. Gr. daxtvducds, f. SdxTVAOS : see -IC.]
A. adj. Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of, a
dactyl ; consisting of or characterized by dactyls.
1589 Putrennam Eng. Poesie 11. (Arb.) 130 That which
Stanihurst first tooke in hand by his exameters dactilicke
and spondaicke in the translation of Virgills Eneidos. 1751
Jounson Rambler 94 ® 9 The power of the spondaick
and dactylick harmony. 1853 Lowett Moosehead Frni.
Prose Wks. 1890 I. 11 The dactylic beat of the horses’ hoofs.
1871 Publ. Sch. Lat. Gram. § 225 The Dactylic Hexameter
occupies as large a space in Latin poetry as all other Verses
together.
B. sb. A dactylic verse.
1795 SoutHey (f7tle), The Soldier's Wife. Dactylics.
X97 Canninec & Girrorp Parody in Anti-jacobin No. 6
eer talk of ears again ! look at thy spelling-book ; Dacty-
lics, call’st thou ’em ?—‘ God help thee, silly one!’ 1872
M. Cotuins Two Plunges I. v. 103 She got hold of a blind
poet..and made him tell the story in dactylics.
Dactylio-, combining form of Gr, d5axrvAtos
finger-ring [f. 5dervAos finger: see DactyYx], as in
Dacty'lioglyph [Gr. daxrvAtoyAvd-os], an en-
graver of gems for finger-rings ; also, according to
Brande, ‘the inscription of the name of the artist
on a gem ’; hence Dacty:liogly’phic a.; Dacty-
lio'glyphist = Dactylioglyph; Dactylioglyphy
[Gr. BaxrvAcoyAvgia], the art of engraving gems
(Webster 1864). Dactylio'grapher, one who
describes finger-rings, engraved seals, etc. ; hence
Dacty:liogra’phic a.; Dactylio'graphy, the de-
scription of finger-rings, ‘the science of -
engraving’ (Brande). Dactylio-logy, the study of
finger-rings,
1850 Leitcn Miller's Anc. Art § 131. 109 The luxury of
Hex Hekeericn, 9 -raised the art of the dactylioglyphist to the
height which it was capable of attaining. C. W. Kine
Antique Gems § Rings Index, Dactyliology.
Dactyliomancy (dickti‘liome:nsi). error.
dactylo-. [f. Gr. danrvAcos finger-ring + -MANCY.]
Divination by means of a finger-ring.
(For methods see E. B. Tylor, Prin, Culture 1. 115.)
Dactyliomancie
1613 Purcnas Pilgrimage 1. .v. 310 was
a divination with Rin AULE ‘rom, 165
Dactylomancy. 1871 Tytor Prim, Cult. 1. 115 ‘These
mystic arts. .are rude forms of the classical dactyliomancy.
4
1877 W. Jones Finger-ring L. 112 Another method of prac-
tising Dactylomancy.
+Da-ctylist. Obs. rare. [f. DacryL + -1st.]
A writer of dactylic verse. :
1785 Warton Pref. Milton's Min. Poems (T.), May is cer-
tainly a sonorous dactylist.
ll litis (dektileitis). Path. Inflamma-
tion of a finger or toe. Hence Dactylitic (-i'tik)
@,, pertaining to dactylitis.
1861 Bumsreap Ven. Dis. (1879) —— affection .. was
Sonate called syphilitic panaris. ‘e use the term dacty-
litis. /bid. 772 tylitic swellings. ee
lo- (dzektilo, dzektilg’), combining form
of Gr. dd«rvAos finger, as in Da:ctylodei‘ktous a.
(nonce-wd.) [Gr. daxrvdAddexT0s], pointed at with
the finger. Dactylo'graphy = DactYLoLocy.
Dactylo‘nomy [-Nomy], the art of counting on
the fingers, Dactylo‘podite (Zoo/.), [Gr. 708- foot],
the terminal joint of a limb in Crustacea. Da‘cty-
lopo:re (see quot.); hence Dactyloporric a.
Dactylo-pterous a., having the characters of the
genus Dactylopterus of fishes, in which the pectoral
fins are greatly enlarged and wing-like; so Dacty-
lo‘pteroid a. Da:ctylozo‘oid, -zo’id, a mouthless
cylindrical zooid in some Hydrozoa.
1852 Zimes 27 May 5/6 Oxford must .. be represented in
litics. .by an universally dactylodeiktous personage. 1884
Pe. Gorvon Deaf Mutes in Amer. Annals Apr, (1885) 128
note, A much simpler system of ‘dactylography’ based
upon the Dalgarno alphabet. 17a Baitey, Dactylonomy,
the Art of Numbering on the Fingers. 1870 RoLtesTon
Anim. Life g2 Appendages which are known as the
* propodite’ and ‘dactylopodite’. 1880 Huxtey Crayfish
iv. 219 The dactylopodites of the two posterior thoracic
limbs. 1882 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dactylopore, a name given to
the pores in the corallum of Hydrocorallinz, from which the
dactylozoids protrude. 1888 Rotieston & Jackson Anim.
Life 758 The hydranth is sometimes modified for special
functions, and the following must be regarded as polymor-
phic forms of it.. The Dactylozooid, a mouthless hydranth,
modified for solely defensive and offensive purposes. Such
zooids are universal among //ydrocorallina.
loid (dektiloid), a. rare—°. [ad. Gr.
daxrvdoedns finger-like: see -o1D.] Resembling
a finger. 1882 in Syd. Soc. Lex.
Dactylology (diktilplodzi). Also 7 dacty-
logie. [f. Gr. daervAos finger + -Aoya discourse :
see -LOGY.] ‘Finger-speech’; the art of ‘speak-
ing’ or communicating ideas by signs made with
the fingers, as in the deaf-and-dumb alphabet.
(Formerly CHrRoLoGy.)
1656 BLount Glossogr., Dactylogie .. finger-talk, speech
made with the fingers. 1680 Datcarno Deaf & Dumb
Man's Tutor Introd., Cheirology, or dactylology. . is inter-
pretation by the transient motions of the fingers. 1860
Guardian 24 Oct. 927/1 The ceremony was performed in the
finger language, or, as it is grandiloquently termed, dactyl-
ology. 1885 G. MrrepitH Disan It, xii. 303 They pressed
Bands at parting. .not for the ordinary dactylology of lovers,
but in sign of the treaty of amity.
Dactylose (dektildu's), a. rare—°. [f. DacryL
(or its source) +-OSE.] ‘ Having fingers, or finger-
shaped’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.).
(deed), 56.1 collog. Also 6-7 dadd(e.
[Occurs from the 16th c. (or possibly 15th c.), in
representations of rustic, humble, or childish speech,
in which it may of course have been in use much
earlier, though it is not given in the Promptorium
or Catholicon, where words of this class occur.
Of the actual origin we have no evidence : but the forms
dada, tata, meaning ‘father’, originating in infantile or
childish speech, occur independently in many languages.
It has been assumed that our word is taken from Wels
tad, mutated dad, but this is very doubtful ; the Welsh is
itself merely a word of the same class, which has displaced
the original Celtic word for ‘father’=Ir. athair.]
A childish or familiar word for father: originally
ranking with mam for mother, but now less typi-
cally childish. Cf. Dappy.
ta 1§00 Chester Pi. (Shaks. Soc.) I. i Cayme. 1 will..
Speake with my dadde and mam also..Mamme and dadd,
reste you well! (Ofuncertain date : the MS. is only of 1592.
Harl. MS. of 1607 reads (ii. 678) ‘sire and dam’, (ii. 681)‘ father
and mother’.) x: Witson Rhet. 31 <p forthe
a faire child unto you. .suchea oneas shall call you dad with
his swete lispyng wordes. 1590 Greene Never too date
(1600) 53 The boy sa Mam, where is my Dad, when will
he come home? 1g9§ SHAKS. Fohn u. i. 467 Since I first
cal'd my brothers father Dad. 16a5 Git Sacr. Philos.1. 95,
I have not read so farre in heraldry, as to tell you who was
his Dad, nor of what house his mother came. 1708 Mrs.
Crentiivre Busie Body 1. i, An Uncle who .. tho’ he made
me his Heir, left Dad my Guardian. 1816 ‘ Quiz’ Grand
Master 1, Argt., Leaving his dad and mam in tears. 1886
Besant Childr. of Gibeon u. viii, Poor old dad !
Jig. 1608 T, Morton Pream. Encounter 93 It is better to
be a lad then (that I may so on be dad in ood, 1682
N. O. Boilean's Lutrin. 222 For he was Dad of ail the sing-
ing Tribe. 1828 Craven Gloss., Dad is also used for one
that excels in any thing, but chiefly in a bad sense. ‘He'st
dad of au for mischief’. 2
Dad, 50.2 Sc. and north. dial. Alsodaud, dawd.
[f. Dap v.]
‘1, A firm and shaking blow, a knock or thump
Cage on the back of a man or beast, or on any body
with dull resonance).
1718 Ramsay Christ's Kirk wu. xiii, He. Pa dad, and
dang the bark Aff's shins that day. 1 . Davipson
DADDOCK.
Seasons 15 (Jam.) Whoe’er did slight him gat a daud. 1827
J. Witson Noct. Ambr. Wks. (1855) 1. 277 The snaw was
$3 ein them sai als and dads on their Hees 2
e piece knocked off, a ‘thumping’ piece,
a lump (of bread or other solid matter). .
1785 uRNS //oly Fair xxiii, Cheese an’ bread. .dealt about
in..dawds that day. 1837 R. Nicott Poems (1843) 89 Dauds
o’ counsel ye would gie. ie alam Bards of Tyne
2s ee dads o” 1879 C: . Gloss.
uppl., Daud, a flake of snow.
a deformation of God, in asseverations :
now dial. (Cf. Apap, Brpap; also Don.)
1678 Otway Friendship in F. 11. i, But by Dad he’s pure
company. 1681 N. N. Rome's Follies we “st thou so,
Neighbour? dad, you have very much reviv'd my heart.
1842 S. Lover Handy Andy iii, By dad! Andy, ve
made a mistake this time that I'll forgive you, 1890 Dialect
Notes (Boston U.S.), Kentucky Words u. 64 Dad, dod, for
God, in certain curses. .‘ Dad drat your hide’.
Dad, daud (died, dad), v. Sc. and north. dial.
[Onomatopeeic ; expressing orally the action in
question, and its abrupt and somewhat dulled
sound. The occasional Sc. spelling daud does
not imply a long vowel, but merely the low back
wide (a), often approaching (9)
1. ¢vans. To strike with a blow that shakes or
sends a shock through ; to knock, beat; to shake
with knocking or beating.
1572 Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 1. 260 One took him [the
‘idole’] by the heillis, and dadding his head to the calsay, left
Dagon without head or handis. 1715 Ramsay Christ's Kirk
11. ii, Then took his bannet to the bent And daddit aff the
glar. 1722 — Three Bonnets w, This said, he dadded to the
yate. 1816 J. Wirson Noct. Ambr. Wks. 1855 1. 138 Twa
| stout young fellows daudin ane anither about..wi' their
neives, 1 Moir Mansie Wauch xvii. (1849) 113 Dadding
the end of his staff on the ground. 1849 Cartyte Let, in
Froude Zife I. 11 Nervous system all ‘dadded about’ by
coach travel.
2. intr.
1719 Ramsay 2nd Answ. Hamilton iv, Dad down a grouf,
and takadrink. Mrs. Cartyte Left. III. 258 The
shock it was to me to find. .all those weak, wretched letters
. .‘dadding about’ [knocking about] in the dining-room.
Dada (deda, dada-), Also dadda, da-da. [Cf.
Dap sb.1]_ A child’s word for father; cf. papa.
(In some parts arypeoar ny dada’, like papa’, and
used instead of that word.)
1688 3rd Coll. Poems, Loyal Litany xvi, Or if the Smock
and Dada fails, Adopt a Brat of Neddy Hayles.
Farquuar Love & Bottle 1, Poor child ! he’s as like his own
dadda as if he were spit out of his mouth. » Map.
D'Arsiay Early Diary (1889) I. 117 Dear I have
this moment received your letter. 1842 in Robson Bards
of Tyne (1863) 227 A, U, A, my bonny bairn..A, U, A—thou
suin may learn To say dada se canny. 1866 Miss Yonce
Prince & Page iii. 52 ‘The child still cried for her da-da.
int. Obs. [app. of nm origin ;
but the history is unknown.] A childish and
familiar expression for ‘ Good-bye!’; the earlier
form of Ta-TAa.
1681 Orway Soldier's Fort. 1. i, Well, da, da, da. . pri
don’t be troubled, da, da. x Hampton Court Misc. 10
Wife..Da, Da, Monster (exit Eeoghing. Husb, Farewel,
‘Tormentor. F
+ Da-dder, v. Obs. exc. dial. In § dadir.
[Cf. Doppgr, Dipper, Dirner: the form is that
of a frequentative, as in patter, shiver, totter, etc. :
but the etymology of the stem dad-, did-, dod-, is
obscure ; cf. spt intr. To quake, tremble.
1483 Cath. Angl. 88/1 To Dadir, /rij . 1§.. Hye Way
to Spyttil Hous 118 in Hazl. £. P,P. 1V. 28 gyrles,
and foskysh strong knaues, Dydderyng and
‘4
leaning on their staues. 1 Levins Manip. 77/47 °°
Dadder, trepidare. 1878 Cumbrid. Gloss., , Didder,
Dodder, to shiver; to tremble.
Hence Dadder-, Dodder-grass, Brisa media.
be Cumbrid. Gloss., Dadder grass, Dotherin grass,
5 in,
var. of Dappy.
1785 in Grose Dict. Vulg. Ti 5 pean ty 9 gee! Mag.
XXXIX. 47 His daddles usd with such skill and dex:
terity. Scorr 7% A
the bailiff—sure..men
1881 Miss Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. Suppl.
us daddle’ is an invitation to shake hands.
ddle, v.! dial. [app. f. same root as Dap-
DER, with dim. ending -LE: cf. toddle.] intr. To
walk totteringly or unsteadily, like a child; to be
slow in motion or action; to dawdle, saunter, trifle.
Cf. Darpite, DAWDLE.
1787 Gross Prov. Gloss., Daddle, to walk unsteadily like
a_child; to waddle. Brockett North C. Was.
Daddle, to walk unsteadily, to saunter or trifle.
dd, Gloss., Daddle, to walk or work slowly ; to tri
1881 Miss Jackson aah gun Word-bk. Suppl., Daddile, to
ifle; to loiter; to dawdle.
sddle, v.2 dia/. =DnvLx.
1886 Srevenson 7yeasure Jsi. 1. iii. ox ‘I'll trick them
again .. I’ll shake out another reef, matey, and ‘em
(dee'dak). dial, Also 7 dadocke.
[Stem dad- of uncertain etymology; but cf. Dop-
DER: the suffix ap to be dim. -ock, as in
bullock, hillock.] Rotten or decayed wood ; also
- M. Si S (1632) 106 Hi would it
iP. « SMITH Sermi, (1 BS ow 1
toa bodne som Gindc tase martha of Sanne ¢ a piece
DADDY.
of dadocke-wood to flame? 1674 Birount Glossogr. (ed. 4),
Daddock, when the heart or body of a Tree is throughly
rotten, it is called Daddock, quasi, dead Oak. 1787 Grosz
Prov. Gloss., Daddock, rotten wood, touch-wood. Glouc.
1845 S. Jupp Margaret u. i, The great red daddocks lay in
the green pastures where they had lain year after year,
crumbling away. 1884 Ufton-on-Severn Gloss., Daddock,
decayed wood, touchwood.
Hence Da‘ddocky a., decayed, rotten.
1825 Britton Beant. Wiltshire, Daddicky, dry, decayed.
Upton-on-Severn Gloss., Daddocky, flimsy, unsub-
stantial, soft with decay.
Daddy (dedi). collog. Also 6 daddye, 6-8
dady, 8-9 daddie. [dim. of Dan sé.1: see -y.]
A diminutive and endearing form of Dan, father.
?ax1500 Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) I. 38 As my daddye
hath — yt me, I will fulfill his lore. [MS. of 1592:
Har]. MS. reads ‘father’.] @ 1529 SkeLton /mage [pocr.
158 Now God save these dadyes And all ther yong
babyes. 1552 Hutort, Dadde or daddy, as infantes cal
their fathers. 1673 R. Leicn Tranusproser Reh. 8 Every
Nurse can readily point to Daddy’s Eyes. 1794 J. Wotcorr
(P. Pindar) Row?, for Oliver Wks. II. 413 So [I] ask’d my
daddy’s leave to study Painting. 1880 Miss Brappon Yust
as ian xl, She could not believe that there was a fault in
b. trreverently.
1749 Cuesterr. Lett. II. cxciii. 220 All day long afraid of
old Daddy in England. 1892 Spectator 24 Dec. 927/2 In
other respects, he is an Old Daddy ! ae
Hence Da'ddyism zonce-wd., the characteristics
of an ‘old daddy’ (cf. prec. b); in U.S. boast of
or respect for ancestry.
1871 Kate Fiero in Harper's Bagnar Aug. (Farmer),
‘His grandfather was a distinguished man.’ ‘Was he?’
veoiled the man of Chicago. ‘'That’s of no account with us.
There’s less daddyism here than any part of the United
States. What’shehimself?’ 1892 Spectator 24 Dec. 927/2
If this t truth had broken upon Carlyle’s biographer, how
much daddyism had we been spared !
Da:ddy-lo‘ng-legs. [From its very long
slender legs.] a. A popular name for the CRANE-
FLY. (Called also father- and Harry-long-legs.)
b. A name for Arachnids or spiders of similar
appearance, such as those of the genus Phalangium.
a 1814 Dispin Quanki Fongo in Univ. Songster 11. 58/1
Old daddy longlegs, when he drank hiscongo. 1840 West-
“woop tr. Cuvier’s Anim. oa 619 These insects are well
known under the names of Daddy long-legs, Tailors, &c.
1884 F. J. Luoyp Science A led 279 Next to the wireworm
the crane fly or daddy-longlegs..is probably most hurtful.
Dade (déid), v. Obs. exc. dial. Also dial. dad,
dawd. [perh. the same as the root of DappEr.]
1. zxtr. To move slowly or with uncertain steps,
to toddle, like a child just learning to walk.
1612 Drayton Poly-old. i. 8 Which nourisht and bred up
«.No sooner taught to dade, but from their mother trip.
Jbid. xiv, But eas’ly from her source as Isis gently dades.
2. trans. To lead and support (one who totters,
esp. a child learning to walk). Also fig.
1598 Drayton Heroic. Ep. xxi. 108 The little children
when they learne to goe, By painefull Mothers daded to and
fro. 1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 18 A guide .. to stay
and dade them when they learned to go. Jézd. 399 Such he
ought to enforme, to direct, to dade and leade by the hand.
1859 E. Waucu Lanc. Songs 72 (Lanc. Gloss.), Dost think
thae could doff me an’ dad me to bed? 1879 Miss Jackson
Shropshire Word-bk., Dade, to lead children when learning
to walk, 188: Leicestershire Gloss., Dade, to help to walk
-:‘I shouldn’ ha’ got home, if they hadn’ daded me along’.
Hence Da'ding v0/. sb., as in + dading-sleeves,
-strings (dial.), leading-strings.
2675. EONGE Diary (1825) 13 His sonn..with his mayd to
leade him by his dading sleeves. 1865 Ben Briertey /rk-
dale 1, 259 He’s nobbut like a chilt in its dadins. 1879
Miss Jackson Shropshire Word-bk., a oa by
which a child is held up when learning to walk.
+ Dade, sd. Obs. Name of some wading bird.
1686 Loyal Garland xx. ii, There’s neither swallow, dove,
nor dade, Can soar more high, or deeper wade.
Dade, early form of DEzp,
Da‘dless, ¢. vare—'. [f. Dap sd.1 + -LEss.]
Fatherless.
1606 Warner Ald, Eng. xiv. xci. 369 So many dadlesse
Babes.
Dado (déi'do). Arch. [a. It. dado die, cube
(=Pr. dat, OF. det, dé) :—L. datum: see D1E.]
1. The block or cube, with plane faces, forming
the body of a pedestal, between the base mouldings
and the cornice ; the die.
1664 Evetyn tr. Freart’s Archit. 124 [The Pedestal] is
likewise called Truncus the Trunk .. also Abacus, Dado,
Zocco, &c, 1688 R. Hotme Armoury 1. 102/1 Dado or Dye
is a flat in a Cornice or Pedestal. 1816 J. Smrru Panorama
Sc. § Art I. 17x Each central portion, as dado of pedestal,
shaft of column. 1820 T. Cromweit £xcurs. Ireland ii. 81
The dado of the pedestal, above the entablature.
2. The finishing of wood running along the lower
part of the walls of a room, made to represent
a continuous pedestal ; strictly applied only to the
flat surface between the plinth and the capping.
Hence, b. Any lining, painting, or papering of the
lower part of an interior wall, of a different
material or colour from that of the upper part.
1787 Builder's Price-Bk. 39 Dado. # inch dado, level,
skirted, and caped. 1 Lbid. 41 Whole deal dove-tailed
dado and keyed. 1837 Penny Cycl. VIII. 284/2 The dado
5
stucco-work or paper of the walls. “1854 Zcclesiologist XV.
357 A dado of oak-panelling. 1858 Household Words No. 456.
66 (The Athasabes} The dados, or low wainscotings, are of
square glazed tiles, which form a glittering breast-high coat
of mail.
b. 1877 Brack Green Past. x\.(1878) 323 Oh, by the way,
Lady Syivia, how did your dado of Indian matting look?
1879 Miss Brappon Vixen ILI. 249 Mabel insisted upon
having .. a sage-green wall with a chocolate dado—did you
ever hear of a dado?—in the new morning-room.
3. attrib., as dado-moulding.
1837 Penny Cycl. VIII. 284 A cornice or dado moulding
surmounting the die. 1852-6r Archit. Publ. Soc. Dict.
s.v., The capping or surbase, sometimes called the dado
molding.
Dadoed (dz'dod), ppl. a. [f. Davo sd. +-Ev]
Furnished with a dado.
1881 Miss Brappon Asfh. xiv. 159 ‘The old oak-dadoed
drawing-room. 1890 Pa// Mall G. 13 Aug. 2/3 A pretty
morning-room. . with dadoed walls.
Dae, Sc. form of Dor.
+ De'dal, sd. Ovs. In 7 Dedale, Dedal(1.
[ad. L. Dupat-us: see below. Cf. F. Dédale maze.]
1. An anglicized form of the proper name Deda-
lus; a skilful artificer or fabricator like Dedalus.
[1619 H. Hutton Fold. Anat. Ava (Stanford), My lame-
legd Muse ..Yet doth aspire with Dedall’s wings.] c 1630
Drum. or Hawtn. Poems Wks. (1711) 18 The Silk-worm
of Love. A Dedale of my death.
2. A maze or labyrinth.
1 Evetyn Acetaria (1729) 119 Groves, Labyrinths,
Dedals..Close-Walks..and other Relievo’s of Topiary and
Hortulan architecture. :
Dedal (dz-dal), a Chiefly foetical, Also 6-7
(9) dedale, 7 dedall, 7-9 dedal. [ad. L. dedal-
us, a. Gr. Saidados skilful, cunningly wrought,
variegated, etc. ; see prec.]
1. Skilful, cunning to invent or fashion.
1590 Spenser F, Q. 1. Prol. ii, All were it Zeuxis or
Praxiteles, His dadale hand would faile and greatly faynt.
¢ 1630 Drum. or Hawtn. Poems Wks. (1711) 36 Out-run
the wind-out-running dadale hare. 1828 Blackw. Mag.
XXIV. 346 Here the dashing Blind Harry the Harper had
hung up his dedal harp. 1872 Biackte Lays /igh?. 33 By
the dzdal hand of Titan Nature piled. es
2. Displaying artistic cunning or fertility of in-
vention ; maze-like ;= D&DALIAN I.
¢ 1630 Drumm. or Hawrn. Poems Wks. (1711) 42 Ye, who
with curious numbers, sweetest art, Frame dedal nets our
beauty to surprive. 1746 J. Warton Ode iii. (R.), Here
ancient art her dedal fancies play’d In the quaint mazes
of the crisped roof. 1836 Lanvor Pericles §& A. Wks. 1846
II. 372 The dedal dance is spun and woven.
3. Of the earth, etc.; ‘Manifold in works’;
hence, varied, variously adorned.
A vague poetic use after Lucretius (1. 7 ‘ dedala tellus’;
v. 234 ‘natura dedala rerum’),
1596 SrENSER F. Q. 1v. x. 45 Then doth the dedale earth
throw forth to thee Out of her fruitfull lap abondant
flowres. 1745 T. Warton Pleas. Melanch. 248 What dedal
landscapes smile! 1817 Worpsw. Seguel to ‘ Beggars’,
For whose free range the dedal earthWas filled with animated
toys. 1834 D’Israeii Rev. Efpick 1. xv, The dedal faith of
the old world had died. x Sxeat Uhland’s Poems 28
With what dzdal fulness Thy beds their blossoms shew !
+4. ? Mazy, labyrinthine; ?changeful. Ods.
1818 Keats Exdymt. iv. 459 Search my most hidden
breast ! By truth’s own tongue, I have no dzdale heart !
+5. Bot. =Dmpatxous, DzpALous. Obs.
1793 T. Martyn Lang. of Bot., Dedaleum folium, a
Dedal leaf,
Deda‘leous, «. For. [f. as next +-ous.]
1835 Linney /utrod. Bot. (1848) 11. 357 Dedaleous; when
the point has a large circuit, but is truncated and rugged.
n, -ean (didéiliin), a. Also De-.
[f. L. Dedale-us relating to Deedalus, Gr. da:5dAcos
cunningly wrought +-aNn ; or f. Dedal-us + -IAN.]
1. Of or after the style of Dedalus ; skilful, in-
genious, formed with art ; resembling the labyrinth
of Deedalus, intricate, maze-like.
1607 WALKINGTON Ot. Glass 111 The Dedalian .. Laby-
rinths wherein hee takes his turnes. @ 1634 CHAPMAN (W.),
Our bodies decked in our dedalian arms. 1757 J. Brown
in Pope's Wks. 1757 III. p. xv. (Stanford), Dadalian argu-
ments but few can trace. 1776 Apam Situ WW. N. u. ii.
(1869) I. 322 Suspended upon the Daedalian wings of paper
money. 1880 Contemp. Rev. XXXVII. 475 uote, Beauty
of contrivance, adaptation, or mechanism ..we have called
Daedalian beauty.
1636 ate igh Tubus Hist. Pref. B, Contrived by a De-
dalean Hand. 1697 J. Serceant Solid Philos. 41 To please
the Dedalean Fancies of the ingenious Contrivers. 1850
CartyLe Latter-d, Pamph. iii. 14 Such creatures, like
moles, are safe only underground, and their engineerings
there become very dedalean. 1854 BavuaM Hadlieut. 512
Unable ‘to wind his way through the Dadalean mazes of a
modern bill of fare.
+2. =D2zDAL a. 3. Obs.
1598 SytvesteR Du Bartas u. ii. Arke 425 In various
sort Dedalian Nature seems her to disport.
3. (See quot.)
es Wornum Lect, Painting 351 note, The black
or those with the black fig (skiag’ or the st
reddish-yellow terra cotta, are the most ancient .. The style
of design of these black figures has been termed the Egyptian
or Deedalian style. os,
Dedalist (didalist). xonce-wd. [See -1sr.]
An imitator of Dzedalus.
1713 Appison Guardian No. 112 3, 1 have fully con-
idered the proj Dedalis
vases,
ree |
employed in the interiors of buildings is a
lestal .. constructed of wood, and is usually about the
eight of a chair-back. Its present use is to protect the
project of these our modern ists, and am
resolved so far to disc ge it, as to p
from flying in my time.
nt any person
!
|
DAFFADOWNDILLY.
+ De'dalize, v. Ols. nonce-wd. [f. D#DAL a.
+-IZE.] trans. To make intricate or maze-like.
a@ 1618 SyivesteR Du Bartas, Lacrymz 89 Wee Lawyers
then, who dedalizing Law, And deading Conecience like
the Horse-leach drawe.
dalous (di‘dales),@. Bot. Also dedalous.
[f. L. dedal-ws cunningly-wrought + -ous.]
Of leaves: ‘ Having a margin with various wind-
ings and turnings; of a beautiful and delicate tex-
ture’ (Webster 1828, citing Martyn, and Lee).
|| Deedalus (d7dalis). See also Denar sé. [L.,
a. Gr. Aaidados ‘the cunning one’, name of the
workman who constructed the Cretan labyrinth,
and made wings for himself and his son Icarus.]
A skilful or cunning artificer (like Dzedalus).
c1630 Drumm. or Hawt. Poems Wks. (1711) 50 Gone is
my sparrow.. A Dedalus he was to catch a fly. 163: Hey-
woop Exg. Eliz, (1641) 123 Gardiner was the onely Dedalus
and inventour of the engine.
Del, early form of DEAL.
Demon, Demonic, etc.: see DEMON, etc.
Daer-stock (da‘jer-stgk). Lrish Antig. [f.
Mir. déer, Olr. déir, déer base, ignoble, unfree,
servile, mod.Ir. daor captive, condemned, guilty +
Stock.] Stock or cattle belonging to the landlord
of which the tenant or vassal has the use; used
attrib. in daer-stock tenant, tenancy.
1875 Maine ///st. /ust. vi. 159 The Daer-stock tenant had
unquestionably parted with some portion of his freedom.
1bid., The relation between vassal and chief called Daer-
stock tenancy.
Desman, var. of DesMaN.
Daff (daf), sb. Obs. exc. north. dial. Also 4-5
daf, 4-6 daffe. [Etymology uncertain: cf. Darr.
It has been conjecturally referred to ON. dauf deaf,
dull, savourless, which survives in Sc. dow/, douf dull, spirit-
less, but this is phonetically inadmissible.] ;
One deficient in sense or in proper spirit ; a sim-
pleton, a fool; a coward.
c1325 Poem Times Edw. IT, 99 in Pol. Songs (Camden)
328 If the parsoun have a prest of a clene lyf .. Shal comen
a daffe and putte him out ..That can noht a ferthing worth
of god. 1362 Lanci. P. P?. A. 1. 129 ‘Pou dotest daffe
quap heo ‘ Dulle are pi wittes.’ c 1386 Cuaucer Reeve's 7.
288 And when this Iape is tald another day I sal been
halde a daf, a cokenay. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 111/2 Daftfe,
or dastard, or he pat spekythe not yn tyme, oridurus.
1587 Harrison Exgland 11. ii. (1877) 1. 58 Certes it [Landaffe]
is a poore bishoprike. .the late incumbent thereof being called
for..in open court made answer: ‘The daffe is here, but the
land is gone’, 1616 BuLtoKxar, Daffe, a dastard. 1876
Whitby Gloss.. Daf, a half-wit ; a coward.
Daff (daf), v1 Chiefly Sc. [f. Darr sd.
Cf. the dial. daffle to become stupid, grow imbecile ; also
to dumbfounder, confuse the faculties; daffy imbecile,
stupid from failure of the faculties. MWAz¢by Gloss.]
1. intr. To play the fool; to make sport, toy,
dally, talk or behave sportively.
1535 STEWART Cron. Scot. III. 342 Quhat do 3e now? I se
3e do bot daf. ax1605 Potwart Flyting w. Montg. 662
Dastard, thou daffes, that with such divilrie mels. 1813
Picken Poems I. 175 (Jam.) Come yont the green an’ daft
wi’ me, My charming dainty Davy. 1876 Whitby Gloss.,
Daf, to chat in a daudling way; to loiter. Also to falter
in memory; ‘beginning to daft’. 1886 Stevenson A7a-
napped iv. 30 Gentlemen daffing at their wine.
+2. trans. To daunt. north. dial. Obs.
1674 Ray NV. C. Words 13 Daffe, to Daunt.
Daff (daf), v.2 [A variant of Dorr to do off,
put off.
(Johnson, misunderstanding the pa. t., as in quot. 1596,
made the present stem da/t.)]
+1. trans. To put off (as clothes) ; to throw off,
divest oneself of. Ods.
1597 SHAKsS. Lover’s Compl. 297 There my white stole of
chastity I daff’d. 1606 — Ant. & C7. 1v. iv. 13 He that
vnbuckles this, till we do please To daft [=daff’t] for our
Repose, shall heare a storme. ; :
2. To put or turn aside, to thrust aside ; es. in
the Shaksperian phrase to daff the world aside (=to
bid or make it get out of one’s way), and imitations
of this (sometimes vaguely or erroneously applied).
bg Suaks. 1 Hen. IV, 1. i. 96 The .. Mad-Cap, Prince
of Wales, And his Cumrades, that daft the World aside,
And bid it passe. 1599 — Much Adov.i. 78 Claud. Away,
I will not haue to do with you. Zeo, Canst thou so daffe
me? 1899 — Pass. Pilgr. 183 She bade good night, that
kept my rest away; And daff’d me to a cabin hang'd with
care. 1601 WEEVER Mirr. Mart. Avij, We daft the world
with time ourselues beguiled. 1820 Keats Lamia u. 160
Some knotty problem, that had daft His patient thought.
1880 Gotpw. Smiru in Atl. Monthly No. 268. 202 We have
no right to daff a pessimist’s argument aside merely because
[etc.]. 1884 Sat. Rev. 14 June 787/1 Its pleasant fashion of
daffing the world aside. —
+b. To put off (with an excuse, etc.). Obs.
1604 SHaks. Oth. 1. ii. 176 Euery day thou dafts [v. ».
doffest] me with some deuise Iago.
Daffadowndilly, downdilly. Also
daffe-. [A playful expansion of Darro-pDILLy.]
A daffodil; used at first in the generic sense.
Still a widespread popular name of the Yellow
Daffodil, under the dialect forms daffadown-,-doon-,
dafidown-, daffodowndilly.
1573 Tusser Husé. xliii. (1878) 95 Herbes, branches, and
flowers, for windowes pots .. 7 Daffadondillies. 15
Spenser Sheph. Cal. Apr. 140 Strowe mee the grounde wit
daffadowndillies. ipl Morrevux Rabelais ww. li, Their
DAFFING.
oof pr ger io
x |ARHAM . Lege, uire ith r
like anddtydvsdiea
2. A shrub: prob. the Mezereon, which is still
so called in Yorkshire ‘ from the slight similarity
of the Greek name Daphne with Daffodil’ (Britten
and Holland).
1ggx Percivatt Sf. Dict., Adelfa, a daffadoundilly, or
rather rose bay tree, &. Ane. 1611 Forio, Oledudro,
the weede Oleander. Also a Daffadounedillie.
Daffing (da‘fin), v7. sd. [f. Darrv.1+-1ne1.]
1. Fooling, folly; sportive behaviour or talk ;
frolicking, toying, merriment.
1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. 1. 449 Into sic daffing puttin
3our delyte, As brutell beist that followis appetyte.
G. Stuart ¥oco-ser. Disc. 39 You would have burst your
heart with ageing To’ve seen the gang so full of daffing.
1787 Burns 7wa Dogs 43 Until wi’ daffin weary grown,
pon a knowe they sat them down. 1823 Locxuart Reg.
Dalton vu. v. (1842) 416 They’re young folk ; daffin’s natural
to them. 1886 Stevenson Kidnapped xxiii. 232 It was all
daffing ; it’s all nonsense. :
Mental derangement, insanity.
az6r4 J. Metvit MS. 58 (Jam.) There he falls into
a phrenzie and daffine which keeped him to his death. 1857
Duncutson Dict. Med. 274 Daffing, insanity.
Da-ffish, a. Ods. exc. north. dial. [f. Darr sd.
+-ISH.] Spiritless; stupid.
14 Matory Arthur 1x. xlii, This is but a daffyssh
knyght. [1869 Lonsdale Gloss., Daffish, shy, modest.]
Daffodil (de‘fédil). Also 6 daffodyll, 6-7
daffo-, daffadill, 7-8 daffadil, (9 daffodel) : see
also DaF¥FopILLy, and DAFFADOWNDILLY. [A
variant of AFFODILL, q.v. The initial d has not
been satisfactorily accounted for.
It has been variously suggested as due to childish or playful
distortion, as in Ted for Edward, tante for aunt; to union
of the article th’ (cf. Cotcr., Affrodille, Th’ Affodill, and
north. Eng. ¢’ affadil); to final d of and, in (e.g.) ‘fennell
an-d affodil’ ; to union of the Dutch or Flemish article, as de
affodil=the affodil; and to Fr. prep. @’ asin freur d’aphro-
dille. It is noteworthy that as in Eng. the word has gained
a letter, in 16th c. Fr. it sometimes lost one: Littré (s. v.
asphodéle) quotes from De Serres (16th c.), ‘ Des racines
@ afrodille’, and also ‘ Decoction de lapace, de frodilles’.
A third form dafrodille is quite conceivable.
Affodill and its popular variants ces paar daffadilly, were |
originally and properly the Asph
misconception, due apparently to the application to both
plants, at their first introduction to England, of the fanciful
name Laus tibi (see Turner Libe//us B 3b), it was applied,
especially in the popular variations, to species of Narcissus,
etc. Botanists, after resisting this misapplication, com-
promised the matter by retaining affodi/ for the Asphodel,
and accepting the more popular daffodil for Narcissus.
Finally affodil was ‘rectified’ to asfodyl and asphodel,
and daffodil restricted in popular use to the Yellow Narcis-
sus or Yellow Daffodil of Eng. fields and gardens.]
+1. The same as AFFODILL; the genus Aspho-
delus (formerly including some allied plants). Ods.
[1538see AFFopiLL.] 1548 Turner Names of Herbes s.v.
A lbucus, Asphodillus groweth .. in gardines in Anwerp, it
maye be named in englishe whyte affodil or duche daffodil.
lel; then by popular |
6
5. The colour of the daffodil; a pale yellow.
Also attrib. or as adj.
1855 Tennyson Mand 1. xxu. ii, On a bed of daffodil sky.
1884 Pall Mail G. 2x Sept. ve A belt of daffodil in the east
anno! the approach of dawn. 1886 St. Stephen's Rev.
13 Mar. 14/1 A primrose, a daffodil, or an orange-coloured
gown. = ae
illy, daffadilly (defodili), s?. [f.
prec.: perh. influenced by /ily.] The same as
DaFFopiL: a poetic (and dialect) form.
1538[see ArropiLt]. 1579 Spenser Sheph. Cal. Jan. 22 Thy
sommer prowde, with Daffadillies dight. 1593 DrayTon
Eclogues iii. 81 See that there be store of Lillyes, (Call’d of
Shaphoonls Daffadillyes). 1637 Mitton Lycidas 1 ec Bid
amaranthus all his beauty shed, And daffadillies fill their
cups with tears. 1847 Mary Howrtt Bad/ads 7 He cut the
leaves of the snow-drop down, And tied up the daffodilly.
Da-ffodilly, a. rare. [f. Darropin+-y.] Full
of or furnished with daffodils.
1892 Temple Bar Mag. Sept. 125 An exceedingly unpre-
tentious, yet palm-y and daffodill-y drawing-room.
Daft (daft), a. Now chiefly Sc. and north.
[In early ME. daffe, corresp. to OE. gedwfte mild,
gentle, meek :—OTeut. *gadaftjo-z, f. gadafti vbl.
sb. from stem daé-, in Gothic gadaban to become,
be fit, OE. pa. pple. gedafen becoming, fit, suitable.
The # here is app. for umlaut ¢ before /7, st, which
explains the two-fold ME. development daft and
deft, The primary meaning of the adj. must have
been ‘ becoming, fit’; cf. the adv. gedwftlice fitly,
suitably, seasonably, and the vb. gede/tan to make
fit or ready, to prepare; from ‘fit, ready, apt’
came the general later sense of deft; from ‘ be-
coming, decens’ as said of persons, came that of
‘meek, mild, innocent’, and from ‘innocent, in-
offensive’ app. that of ‘ irrational’ said of beasts,
and of ‘silly, foolish, deficient in sense’ as said of
persons: cf. a common sense of ‘innocent’, and
the sense-history of Sitty. See also Derr.
Darr, ‘a fool,’ is found c1325; its relationship to da/t is
uncertain ; if originally distinct, it may have contributed to
the development of the sense ‘ foolish’ here.]
+1. Mild, gentle, meek, humble. Oés.
c1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxi. 5 Nu pin cyning be cymd to
pe xedeefte. c12z00 Orin 2175 Shammfasst, and daffte, and
sedefull. /d/d. 4610 And meoc, and daffte, and sedefull.
2. Silly, foolish, stupid. Cf. InNocENT, SILLY.
a. Said of beasts.
1325 Body & Soul 302 in Maf's Poents 343 Ne wuste
| what was good or il, But as a beest, doumbe and daft.
1567 Martet Gr. Forest 40 Daffadill, some call Antheri- |
con, the Romanes Kings spare. 1578 Lyre Dodoens v. \xxix.
649 This herbe [Asphodelus in i species] is called .. in
English also Affodyl, and Daffodyll. 1607 Torsett Jeti,
Beasts (1673) 304 Asphodelus (englished by some daffadi.
+2. The genus Narcissus, of which it is the
common Eng. name in the Catalogue of Gerarde’s
Garden 1599, where twelve Daffodils or Nar-
cissuses are distinguished, the Whzte Daffodi/ being
the common White Narcissus or Poet’s Lily (J.
poeticus) of Eng. gardens, the ‘White Lily” of
Scotland; the Yellow Daffodil (N. pseudo-Nar-
cissus) the plant to which the name is now restricted.
1548 Turner Names of Herbes (E. D. S.) 10 This that we
take for daffodil is a kinde of Narcissus. 1578 Lyre Dodoens
u. 1. 211 These pleasant flowers are called..in Englishe
Narcissus, white Daffodill, and Primerose pierelesse [In
Lyte’s own annotated in the Brit. Mus. Libr. he has
written over the figure of NV. Aoeticus on & 210 ‘White
imrose pyerles, Laus tibi, and of some Daffodille’].
erarvDE /erba/ 1. \xxxiv. 111 The double white Daffodi'
of Constantinople [V. orientalis] was sent into England
vnto the right Honorable the Treasurer, among other
bulbed flowers. 1629 Parkinson Paradisi in Sole iv. (1656)
8 Many idle and ignorant Gardiners..do call some of these
Daffodils Narcisses, when as all know that know any Latine,
that Narcissus is the Latine name, and Daffodil the
English of one and the same thing.
3. Now restricted to Narcissus pseudo- Narcissus
(also called Lent Lily), found wild in various parts
of England and cultivated as an early spring flower.
(1562 Turner Herbal n. 62a, Our comen daffadil is one
kynde of Narcissus) 1g92 Greene Ufst. Courtier (1871) 2
¢ yellow daffodil, a flower fit for jealous dotterels, 16x
Suaks. Wint. 7. 1. iii. 1 When Daffadils begin to peere,
With heigh the Doxy ouer the dale, 1648 Herrick Hesfer.,
To Daffadils, Faire Daffadills, we w' to see You haste
away So soone, 1 Hervey AMedit, (1818) 129 Who
emboldens the d il..to trust her flowering gold with
inclement and treacherous skies? 1855 Tennyson Aland
ut. 6 When the face of night is fair on the dewy downs, And
the shining daffodil dies.
4. Chequered Daffodil: the Fritillary or Snake's
head, /ritillaria Meleagris. Still known as the
Daffodil in Nants. (Britten and Holland).
A ee cing 1. Leasis, The comet Daffodil
or Jinny hen floure,. ui most strangely. _
Ceiel., Frittillaria, Checked Dafodil.
©1450 Henryson Mor. Fab. 81 Who sayes ane sheepe is
daft, they lie of it.
b. Of persons: Wanting in intelligence, stupid,
foolish,
¢1450 St. Cuthdert (Surtees) 443 Bot to make it I am daft,
For I can no3t of potter craft. 1535 LynpEsay Salyre 2008
‘Thou art the daftest fuill that ever I saw. 1570 Levins
Manip. 9/33 Dafte, doltishe, stupidus. 1637-50 Row Hist.
Kirk (1842) 462 Cast away these daft conceits, and..take
you seriouslie to your booke and studies. 1674 Ray N.C.
Words 13 Daft, stupid, blockish, daunted, a verbo Daffe.
1855 Robinson Hhitby Gloss., Daft, dull of apprehension.
3. Of unsound mind, crazy, insane, mad.
1 BELLENDEN Cron. Scot. (1821) I. viii, He that was
trublit with the falling evil, or fallin daft or wod. 1
Ld. Treas. Accts. Scot., Makand him Curatour to re
quhilk is daft, and hes na wit to gyde him selff. 1816
Scotr Old Mort. vii, ‘The woman would drive ony reason-
able being daft.’ 1829 Arnotp Let. in Stanley Life & Corr.
(1844) I. v. 254, Lhope you will not think I ou he to..adjourn
to the next asylum for daft people. 1880 R. G.Wuite £very-
Day Eng. 122 We have preserved our common sense, and
have not gone clean daft. - ;
4. Thoughtless or giddy in one’s mirth ; madly
gay or frolicsome. a/t days: the days of merri-
ment at Christmas.
c1§78 Dial. betw, Clerk & Courtier (Jam.), Quhen ye
your selfis ar daft and young. 1768 Ross //elenore 117
(Jam.) Awa, she says, Whaever’s daft to day, it setsna you.
1787 Burns Twa Dogs 155 In a frolic daft. 21774 Fercus-
son Poems (1789) II. 10 (title) The Daft Days. ‘B16 Scorr
Antig. xxi, ‘Ay, ay—they were daft days thae—but they
were a’ vanity and waur.’” 1832°53 Whistle-binkie (Sc. Songs)
Ser. m1. 81 At Yule, when the daft-days are fairly set in,
A ploy without him wadna be worth a pin.
+5. =Derr, skilful. Obs.
Yaxgoo Chester Pi. (Shaks. Soc.) 134 (MS. 1592) For
semlye he was and wounder dafte [MS. Harl. (1607) 2124
wondrous defte).
Hence + Dafteli3k, dafftele33¢ [ON. -/ezkr suffix
of action or condition], gentleness, meekness.
Da'ftie (co//og.), a daft person. Da‘ftish a., some-
what daft. Daftlike a., having an appearance of
folly or craziness. Da‘ftly adv., +a. rece
meekly (ods.); b. foolishly. Da‘ftness, foolish-
ness, madness.
¢ 1200 Orin 2188 Forr kaggerrle33c shall don patt 3ho
Shall dafftele33c forrwerrpenn. 1872 C. Gisson For the
‘ing i, The daftie still maintained his position, 1825
Jamirson, Da/tish, in some degree deranged. 1855 Rontn-
son Whitby Gloss., A daftish dizzy sort of a body. 1725
Ramsay t. Sheph. w. i, "Tis sae daftlike. 1816 Scorr
Antiq. iv, Never think you .. that his honour .. would hae
done sic a daft-like thing. c1a00o Ormin 1215 And ha3herr-
like ledesst te And dafftelike and fa33re. 1724 Ramsay
Tea-t. Misc. (1733) 1. 34 We daftly thought to row in
rowth. 1§§2 Asp. Hamitton Catech. 151 The word of the
crosse semis to be daftnes and folie to thame that perischi
DAG.
Dan’ bes ‘ of Dary v2 tor
Dag (deg), s.1 In 4-5 dagge. uncertain
aria Gs. ames see pertly copecaied By
‘AG.
+1. A pendant pointed portion of anything ; one
of the pointed or laciniated divisions made by
deeply slashing or cutting the lower margin of a
cloak, gown, or other garment, as was done for
ornament in the 15th c. Obs.
1399 Lanai. Rich. Redeles 193 Dryue out pe es and
all fe duche cotis. ¢ ip. Parv. 111 e of
clothe, /ractillus. 1617 Minsueu Ductor, Dagge or ragge
of cloth,
+2. A tag or aglet of a lace, shoe-latchet, or the
like; =AGLET 1, 2. Ods.
c1400 Rom. Rose 7262 Grey clothis.. fretted fulle of tatar-
wagges [=d sense 1] And high shoos knopped with
dagges. 1616 Buttoxar, Dagges, latchets cut out of leather.
3. One of the locks of wool clotted with dirt
about the hinder parts of a sheep; a‘clag’; =
DaGeinc, DaG-LocK,
{The relationship of this to the prec. senses, and to Dac
v.1, is not clear.]
1731 Baitey, Dagges..the Skirts of a Fleece cut off. re |
Kentish Gloss., Dag, a lock of wool that hangs at the tai
of a sheep and ene in the dirt. Dag. , refuse wool;
cut off in trimming the sheep.
+ Dag, 5.2 Obs. [Derivation unknown.
Referred by some to F. dague a dagger; but no trace has
been found of any connexion between the two words.]
1. A kind of heavy pistol or hand-gun formerly
In use.
1561 Diurn. Occurrents (Bannatyne Club) 66 Thay. .schot
furth at the said servandis ane dag. 1587 Harrison Eng-
land 11. xvi. (1877) 1. 283 To ride with a case of dags at his
sadle bow. 1598 Barckiey Felic. Man (1631) 252 use
the dagge being overcharged brake. .he draweth his dagger
to stabbe him. 1602 WARNER A /dion's Eng. 1x. xliv. (1612)
211 By wars, wiles, witchcrafts, daggers, dags. 1642 Laup
Ws. (1853) IIL. 461, I heard a great crack, as loud as the
report of a small . 2725 New Cant. Dict., Dag, a Gun.
1849 Grant Kf ly of G. xxiv. 283 The captain rushed
upon Lennox and shot him — the back with a dag.
1881 Greener Gun 61 A chiselled Italian dagg manu-
factured by one of the Comminazzo family about 1650.
2. attrib. and Comb.
a Def. Crissell Sandelandis 53 in Sempill Ballates
(1872) 234 Snapwark, adew, fra men dow nocht stand.
1587 Freminc Contn. Holinshed 111. 1409/2 The dag was
bought. .of one Adrian Mulan a dag-maker dwelling in east
Smithfield. 1589 R. Harvey PZ. Perc. (1860) 33 A Dag
case may be as good now and then as a case 1721
Woprow Hist. Ch. Scot. (1829) Il. 1. ix. 250 Alexander
Logan, Dagmaker in Leith Wynd.
[The sense Fira, orl given by Johnson (without quotation),
and repeated in later dictionaries (in Century Dice. with
erroneous quotation), ap to be a mere mistake, due to
isapprehension of the freq 16-17th c. collocation ‘ dag
and dagger’ in descriptions of personal accoutrement. Sense
in Century Dict. ‘a stab or thrust with a dagger’, is a
blander due to misreading of Minsheu.]
(deg), 56.3 [a. F. dague dagger, also the
first horn of a young stag, and in some technical
senses. Sense 2 is not found in French.]
1. The simple straight pointed horn of a young
stag.
x Tovp Cycl. Anat. V. 517/2 These processes acquire
Pig second year the form of.. - 1861 Hutme tr.
new horns [of the
are known by the
d
Moquin-Tandon . wi. 181 At first
stag] are simple protul and
name of ‘dags’. f
2. A pointed piece of metal, etc. ; a pin or bolt.
1 Brapiey Fam, Dict. s.v. Bridge, You must so joint
the Timber, as .. to resemble an Arch of Stone .. the Joints
ought to be. may od shut together with Cramps Dags
ot ea, 1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Ag. (1807) II. 598
The upper pair [of rollers] being stuck with coggs and dags.
3. dial. (See quote.)
a. 1863 Barnes Dorset Dialect, Dag, a small projecting
stump
branch.
b. 1880 IV Cornwall Gloss., Dag, a prs - tool ; ving
pe (deeg), sd.4 dial. [app. orse 0 :
cf. ON. digg, gen. daggar, pl. ir, dew, Swed.
dagg (Norw. dogg, Da. dug) = Goth. *dagewa-,
c Teut. *dauwo-, OLG. dauw, OE. deaw, dew.]
Ray S. §& &. C, Words 95 Dag, De he
Great a8 Warawichsh Gloss Da. > wate TeThere's
na nice
. a. A thin or tle rain. b, A wet fog, a
mist. ¢. A heavy shower (Ayrshire).
R.- in ja x825 Brockett N. C. Words, Dag,
Dag, v-! [Connected with Dac sd.1 The senses
= ogee to —_ other.] ) ts
+1. ¢vans. To cut the edge of (a garment) into
long pointed jags; to slash, ba dean Obs.
cee Cuavucer Pars, T. & 344 Cost furring in here
gownes..so moche da; scheris. /did, » 347 Suche
Semapeh and Gaggia Gomes 2993 Laxot.P. Pl. xx
Let di hus clobes. Pe a
cha ral tab Cryo Chr. crt
sti i
Carl. a rae tana ond id & pales = cut.
2. To clog with dirt, bemire, daggle, bedraggle.
Obs. exe. dial. (Cf. Dac sb.1 3.)
Caxton fsop m1. xvii, Al to-fowled and A
Bea SKELTON BD Rummpia 123 Wyk theyr heles
dagged, Theyr kyrtelles all to-iagged. 1530 Patscr. 445/2
DAG.
Indede, damoysell, you be dagged. .vous estes crottée. 1611
Corcr. s.v. Archediacre, Crotte en Archediacre, dagd vp
to the hard heeles (for so were the Archdeacons in old time
euer woont to be, by reason of their frequent. . Visitations),
«1661 Hotypay Fuvenal 136 Vexing the baths with his
dagg’d rout. 1869 Lonsdale Gloss., Dag ..(2) Yo trail or
dirty in the mire, to bedaub, to daggle. 1879 Miss Jackson
Shropsh. Word-bk., Dag. .to trail in the wet or dirt.
b. intr. To daggle or trail in the dirt or wet.
ig comma? Gloss., Dag v. i. 1880 W. Cornwall Gloss.
S$. Ve
is dagging in the mud,’
3. Farming. To cut off the ‘dags’ or locks of
dirty wool from (sheep). (Cf. Dag sd.1 3.)
1706 Puittirs (ed. Kersey), To Dag sheep, to cut off the
Skirts of the Fleece. 1887 Kentish Gloss., Dag, to remove
the dags or clots of wool, dirt, etc. from between the hind
legs of sheep.
+ Dag, v.2 Obs. [Related to F. dague dagger
(13th c. in Littré): cf. also 16th c. F. daguer to
strike with a dague or dagger ; but the latter is not
the source of the Eng. verb. See also DaGGER.]
trans. To pierce or stab, with or as with a pointed
weapon.
2a1400 Morte Arth, 2102 Dartes the Duche-mene daltene
a3aynes, With derfe dynttez of dede, daggesthurghe scheldez,
/bid. 3750 Derfe dynttys they dalte with daggande sperys.
1639 Horn & Ros. Gate Lang. Uni. \xiv. § 668 Remorse. .
pierceth and daggeth guilty persons with the anguish of
a galled conscience. 1794 A. GALLATIN in J. A. Stevens
Life iv. (1884) 95 One Ross of Lancaster. .half drew a dag-
ger he wore .. and swore any man who uttered such senti-
ments ought to be dagged. F
+ Dag, v.38 Obs. [f. Dac sb.2] trans, and intr.
To shoot with a dag or hand-gun.
a157z Knox Hist. Ref Wks. (1846) I. 87 Thei schote
spearis and dagged arrowis, whare the cumpanyes war
thikest. c1s80 J. Hooxrr Life Sir . Carew, They soe
dagged at these loopes, that sundrye of theyme within were
slayne.
Dag (deg), v.4 dal. [app. of Norse origin:
cf. Dac sb.4 and ON. déggva, Swed. dagga to be-
dew. See also DEG.]
1. trans. To sprinkle, to wet with sprinkling.
185 Ropinson Whitby Gloss., Dag, to sprinkle with water.
1877 Holderness Gloss., Dag, to sprinkle. ‘Dag cawsey
afoor thoo sweepsit!’ 1879 Miss JAckson Shropsh. Word-
bk., Dag, to sprinkle clothes with water preparatory to
mangling or ironing.
2. intr. To drizzle.
1825 Brockett NV. C. Words, Dag, to drizzle.
Dagar, -ard, -are, obs. forms of DAGGER.
|| Dagesh, daghesh (da:gef), sb. Heb. Gram.
[med.Heb. wa daghésh, f. Syriac ayy Cghash to
prick.) A point or dot placed within a Hebrew
letter, denoting either that it is doubled (dagesh
forte), or that it is not aspirated (dagesh lene).
159t Percivatt Sf. Dict. Bj, B..very often..is sounded
like the Hebrew 3 when it is in the middest of a word
without daggesh. 1749 B. Martin Dict. Introd. Eng.
Tongue g If any of the aspirated letters has the point
(call’d Dagesh) in them, they are then pronounced without
the H. 1834 A. Wittis Hebr. Gram. 5 A point is some-
times inserted in the middle of a consonant affecting the
pronunciation, and calied Dagesh or Mappik.
Hence Da‘gesh v. ¢rans., to mark witha dagesh.
Also Da‘gessate v., Da‘gessate, -ated fa. pple.
175x Westey /ks. (1872) XIV. 156 In some Verbs .. the
middle Radical is dageshed. 1871 Botton tr. Deditzsch’s
Psalms 11. 259 note, The dageshing of the opening mute of
the following word.
Darggar. dia’. ‘An old term fora dog-fish’
(Smyth, Sazlor’s Word-bk. 1867).
a Da Kennett cited by HALLIWELL.
agged, /. a.' Obs. [f. Dac v.1]
1. Of a garment: Having the margin cut into
long pointed projections ; jagged, slashed.
¢ 1386 [see Dac v.11]. ¢ 1430 Lyne. Mix. Poems (Percy
Soc.) 200 Undir hire daygyd hood of green. 1523 [see Dac
vt 1). [1884 Pall Mall G, ‘Extra’ 24 July 28/2 The
costume is all dagged and slashed into the shape of leaves
and flowers.] ; :
2. Clogged with dirt, daggled.
1484, a@ 1529, 1661 [see Dac v.! 2]. ;
Dagged. ppl. a.4 Obs, exc. dial. [f. Dac v.4]
Wet with dew, drizzling rain, or a sprinkling of
anyeae, b. slang. Drunk.
@x605 Montcomerie Sonn. Ixviii. 11 My Bee’s aloft, and
daggit full of skill: It getts corn drink, sen Grissall toke
the : *748 Frankuin Drinker’s Dict. Wks, 1887 I1. 23
He’s dagg’d. 1847-78 Hatuiwett, Dagged, tipsy. North.
Dagger (de'go1), sb. Forms: 4- dagger;
also 4-5 daggere, Sc. dagare, 5 daggare, 5-6
dager, dagar, daggar, 6 dagard. [Related to
F, dague (Sp-, It. daga) dagger, and to Dag v.2
No such form is known in Old French. Med.L. shows
daggarius, -arium, -erius, -ardum (see Du Cange), app.
from English, so that the form 7 appears to Ss really
of English formation (?f. Dac v.2, of which however only
later instances are known), If the form daggard could be
assumed as the original, the word might be an augmentative
in -ard of F. dague ; but, though extracto cultellodaggardo
occurs in Walsingham, rsth c. (Du Cange), the forms dag-
garium and dagger are of earlier appearance and better
singe *
. A short stout edged and pointed weapon, like
a small sword, used for thrusting and stabbing.
[a1375 Fragm. Vetusta xxiv. in Sc. Acts (1844) I. 388
Habeat equum, hauberkion, capilium de ferro, ensem, et
, ‘That tree is dagging with fruit.’ ‘ Her dress_
7
cultellum qui dicitur dagave. bid. Habeat archum et
sagittas, et daggarium et cultellum.] ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pro.
113 He baar..on that oother syde a gay daggere [ime spere].
— Pard. 7, 502 And with thy daggere [so 4 MSS., 3 dagger]
looke thou do the same. 1440 Promp. Parv. 111 Daggare,
to steke wythe men, pugio. 1463 Paston Lett. No. 466 II.
126 ‘The same dager he slewe hym with. 1535 Bury W7lls
(1850) 127 Wt my dagard. x60r Suaxs. ¥x/. C. 1. ii. 157,
I feare I wrong the Honourable men, Whose Daggers haue
stabb’d Cesar. 1605 — Macd, 1. iii. 33 Is this a Dagger
which I see before me? 1719 Younc Busiris wv. i, Loose
thy hold, Or I will plant my dagger in thy breast. 1866
Kinostey Hereward iii. 88 ‘You have a dagger in your
hand!’ saidhe. —-
tb. Ale dagger, alehouse dagger: see AL, B. II.
Dagger of lath: the weapon worn by the ‘ Vice’
in the old ‘Moralities’. Ods.
1592 Nase P. Penilesse (Shaks. Soc.) 40 All you that will
not..weare ale-house daggers at your backes._ 1596 SHAKS.
1 Hen, IV, 1. iv. 151 A Kings Sonne? If I do not beate
thee out of thy Kingdome with a dagger of Lath. . Ile neuer
weare haire on my face more. 1601 — 7wel. N.1V. ii. 136
Like to the old vice .. Who with dagger of lath, in his rage
and his wrath, Cries ah ha, to the diuell.
2. Phr. Daggers’ drawing (fig.): the commence-
ment of open hostilities. A¢ (or to) daggers’
drawing, now at daggers drawn: on (or to) the
point of fighting or quarrelling; in a state of open
hostility. Also (rarely) at daggers’ points.
At daggers drawn is found in 1668, but becomes usual only
in roth c.
1553 GRIMALDE Cicero’s Offices 12 a, They .. among them-
selues are wont to bee at daggers drawing. 1576 FLEMING
Panopl. Epist. 267 Vhat countrie was at defiaunce and
daggers drawing with the lande of Grecia. 1652 J. Waps-
wortH tr. Sandoval’s Civ. Wars Sp. 19 ‘The Grandees of
the Court were com almost to daggers drawing. 1668 R.
L’Estrance Vis. Quez. (1708) 214 Upon this Point, were
they at Daggers-drawn with the Emperor. @1735 Swirr
Drapier’s Lett. vii, A quarrel in a tavern, where all were at
daggers-drawing. 1801 Mar. EpGrwortu Castle Rackrent,
Three ladies. .talked of for his second wife, all at daggers
drawn with each other. 1837 Lapy L. Stuartrin Lady 4/11.
Montagn’s Lett, (1893) 1. 104 Both these ladies inherited such
..imperial spirit, as to. insure daggers drawing as soon as it
should find. opportunity to display itself. 1847 Mrs, SHER-
woop Lady of Manor III. xviii. 36 You will be at daggers-
drawing .. with every order ..of persons in the town. 1855,
Dickens Dorrit (Househ, ed.) 395/1 Five minutes hence we
may be at daggers’ points. 1870 R. B. BroucH Marston
Lynch xxiv. 257 Was Marston still at daggers drawn with
his rich uncle? : "
3. fig. Something that wounds orafflicts grievously.
1596 SHaxs, Merch, V. ut. i. 115 Thou stick’st a dagger
in me, I shall neuer see my gold againe. 1605 —- Macé. 1.
iii. 45 Where we are there’s Daggers in mens Smiles. 1704
STEELE Lying Lover u, This was to me Daggers. 1800
Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Fan, WI. 240 Every word he
spoke was a dagger to her heart.
b. Zo speak or look daggers: to speak so as to
wound, to speak or look fiercely, savagely, or
angrily.
1602 SHAKs. Ham. 1. ii. 414, I will speake Daggers to
her, but vse none. 1622 Mass. & Dekker Virg. Mart... i,
And do thine eyes shoot daggers at that man That brings
thee health? 1833 Marryar P. Simple lii, Lord Privilege
. looked daggers at me. 1839 H. Ainswortu Yack Shep.
iv, A glance..which was meant to speak daggers.
+4. fig. (contempt.) A bravo, braggadocio. Obs.
1597 1st Pt. Return fr. Parnass. 1. i. 289 Soothe upp this
--ingrosser of cringers..this great hilted dagger! /d7d. iv.
i. 1236 This bracchidochio .. this meere rapier and dagger.
+5. A bayonet. (See BAYONET I, 2.) Obs.
1688 Capt. J. S. Art of War 27 Draw your Daggers.
Fix them in your Musquet.
6. a. The upright piece of wood nailed to the
bars in the middle of a rail or gate. b. Naw.
(See quot.)
1641 Best Farm. Bhs. (Surtees) 15 A dagger, which goeth
straight downe the middle of the spelles, and is nayled to
each spell. c1850 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 113 Dagger, a
piece of timber that faces on to the poppets of the bilge-ways,
and crosses them diagonally, to keep them together. The
plank that secures the heads of the poppets is called the
dagger-plank. The word ‘dagger’ seems to apply to any-
thing that stands diagonally or aslant.
+ 7. The horn ofa young stag; =Dac sb.3 1. Obs.
1616 Surrt. & Markn. Country Farme 684 The second
yeare they haue their first hornes, which are called daggers.
8. Printing. A mark resembling a dagger (‘),
used for marginal references, etc.: also called
obelisk. Double dagger: a mark having each end
like the hilt of a dagger (t+), similarly used.
cGy Puituirs (ed. Kersey), Dagger..a..Markin Printing
.-(t). 1790 Hist. Printing 25) e Obelisk, or long Cross,
erroneously called the single Dugper. -The Double Dagger.
1862 AnstED Channel Is/. 11. viii. (ed. 2) 166 Those that are
certainly not indigenous being indicated by a little dagger
(t) placed before the name.
9. A collector’s name of moths of the genus
Acronycta having a black dagger-like or y-like
mark near the anal angle of the fore wings.
1832 J. RENNIE Consfpectus Butterf. & Moths 79 The Dark
Dagger appears in June. 1862 E. Newman Brit. Moths
249 I do not know why this insect [Acronycta tridens] is
called the ‘ Dark Dagger’: it is no darker than the ‘ Gray
Dagger’ [A. Psz].
10. 7. Applied locally to various plants with
long sword-like leaves, as Sword-grass (Poa agua-
tica), Water-flag (/ris Pseudacorus), etc.
184) HALuiwet., Daggers, sword-grass. Somerset.
1882 Devonsh. Plant-n. (ED. $0, Daggers, Iris Pseuda-
DAGGLE.
corus, and I. fetidissima. The name evidently has refer-
ence to the sword-like flags or leaves.
+11. The name of a celebrated tavern in Hol-
born ¢1600 (Nares); hence a#frz). as in dagger-
ale, -frumety, -pie. Obs.
1576 GascoicnE Diet Droonkardes(N.), But we must have
March beere, dooble dooble beere, dagger-ale, Rhenish.
1602 DEKKER Satiromastix in Hawkins Orig. Eng. Drama
III. 115 (N.) Good den, good coosen .. When shall we eat
another Dagger-pie. 1610 B. Jonson Adch. 1.1, My lawyer's
clerk, I lighted on last night, In Holborn, at the Dagger.
Jbid.v. ii, Her grace would have you eat no more Woolsack
pies, Nor Dagger frumety. :
12. Comb., as dagger-blade, -hilt, -stab, -work;
dagger-like, -proof adjs.; +dagger-ale (see 11);
+dagger-cheap a., very cheap, ‘dirt-cheap’;
+ dagger-frumety (see 11); dagger-grass, ? =
sword-grass (see 10); dagger-knee ((Vaut.), see
quot.; + dagger-man, aman who carries a dagger,
a bravo; + dagger-money, ‘a sum of money for-
merly paid to the justices of assize on the northern
circuit to provide arms against marauders’ (Ogilvie);
+ dagger-pie (see 11); dagger-piece (Vaut.) =
sense 6b; dagger-plank (/Vaut.), see quot. under
6b; dagger-plant, a plant of the genus Yecca,
also called Adam’s needle, having sharp-edged and
pointed leaves; dagger-wood (/Vazt.) = sense 6b.
1562 Act 5 Eliz. c. 7 § 3 *Dagger-blades, Handles, Scab-
bards. 1592 Br. ANDREWES Sev. Christ's Tempt. vi. (1843)
V. 546 We set our wares at a very easy price, he [the devil]
may buy us even *dagger-cheap, as we say. 1834 Mepwin
Angler in Wales 1. 262 These tracks were sometimes lost in
high “dagger-grass. 1676 Grew Anat. Plants Lect. 1. ii.
§ 18 Crystals. .figur'’d crossways like a *Dagger-Hilt. ¢ 1850
Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 114 Any straight hanging knees,
not perpendicular to the side of the beam, are in general
termed ‘dagger-knees. 1603 SHaks. Meas. for M. 1. iii. 16
Mr Starue-Lackey the Rapier and “dagger man. 187
SmytH Satlor's Word-bh., *Dagger-piece, or Dagger-wood,
a timber or plank that faces on to the poppets of the bilge-
ways, and crosses them diagonally, to keep them together.
1866 77veas. Bot., “Dagger plant, a name for }cca. 1885
Lavy Brassey 7he 7rades 220 The road was bordered by
hedges of cactus and dagger-plants. 1892 Barinc-GouLp
Roar of Sea Il. xxix. 141 Miss ‘Travisa. .cast a glance at her
niece likea *dagger-stab. 1890 Micuaet Fieip /'ragic Mary
1.1.7, I never saw such *dagger-work..As that which pierced
him, Six and fifty wounds !
Da‘gger, v. [f. prec. sb.]
1. trans. To stab with a dagger.
1658 R. Franck North. Mem. (1821) 36 When Democra-
sians dagger the crown. 1806 Naval Chron. XV. 453
Rackstraw was daggered, and died immediately. 18..
A. SuTHERLAND Zales of Pilgrim, Brigand of Loire, He
was in no danger of being daggered.
2. Printing. To mark with a dagger (+).
1875 Furnivatt in Thynne’s Animadv. Introd. 37 xo0fe,
The dishes chang’d in the list are daggerd.
Hence Da‘ggering v//.5d., stabbing with a dagger;
Ppl. a., stabbing, fatal.
1694 Westmacott Script. Herb. (1695) 214 Every Month
produces sad and fatal Instances of its [Brandy’s] daggering
force. 1830 Blackw. Mag. XXVII. 55 The screaming and
daggering and death-rattling.
Daggered (de-gaid), a.
1. Armed with a dagger.
¢1400 Maunpev. (1839) xii. 137 Now swerded, now dag-
gered, and in alle manere gyses. 1794 CoLerinpGr Relig.
Musings, The dagger’d Envy. ¢ 1830 Brppors Poems,
Boding Dreams, A daggered hand beside the bed.
2. Stabbed or wounded with a dagger.
1604 DekKER Hon. Whore Wks. II. 38 How many Gallants
have drunke healths to me, Out of their dagger’d armes.
3. Printing. Marked with a dagger.
Daggeswayne, var. DAGSWAIN Ods.
Dagging (de'gin), v4/. sb. Nowdial. [f. Dag
v.t+-1Inel.] The action of the verb Dac; clog-
ging with dirt, esf. of the wool about the hinder
parts of a sheep; in p/. (concr.) = DaG-LocKs.
1547 Sacespury MWelsh Dict., Dibyl, daggyng. 1587
Masca.t Govt. Cattle (1627) 197 Keeping them from cold
in Winter, dagging in Summer. 1890 F. T. E-wortny (7%
letter), In Kent these clots of dung which are apt to. .stick
to the wool around the tails of sheep, with the wool attached,
are called ‘ daggings’.
Daggle (de'g’l), v. Also 6 daggyll, C7 dagle.
[Frequentative of Dac v.1 sense 2: associated in
its sense-development with DaBBLE and DRaGGLE
and perhaps with Dae v.4] .
1. “rans. To clog with wet mud; to wet and soila
garment, etc., by trailingit through mud or wet grass.
1530 PasGr. 594/r You shall daggyll your clothes, vous
crotterez Voz illemens. 1860 RoLtanp Crt. Venus nu.
566 Daglit in weit richt claggit was his weid. 161x Corar.,
Crotter..to dagle, bedurtie. 1660'T. Goucr Chr. Directions
xv. (1831) 85 As along coat is in greater danger sete eget
than a short one. 1825 Brockett NV. C. Words, Dagele ..
to bemire. . ,
b. In later use, chiefly said of the effect of wet :
To wet by splashing or sprinkling. See Dac v.4
1805 Scott Last Minst.1. xxix, The warrior’s very plume
-.Was daggled by the dashing spray. 1862 Miss YoncE
Countess Kate viii. (1880) 8x ‘The pretty soft feather had
been daggied in the wet. ;
2. To drag or trail about (through the mire).
168r Otway Soldier's Fort, v. i, After you have been
daggling yourself abroad for prey. . you come sneaking hither
for a crust, do Pee 1822 Scort Nigel viii, I have been
daggled to and fro the whole day.
[f. DAGGER + -ED.]
DAGGLE.
3. intr. Towalk ina slovenly way (through mud
or mire); to drag or trail about. Cf. DRAGGLE.
1705 Vansrucu Con/ed. 1. ii, Then, like a dutiful son, you
may le about with your mother, and sell paint. 1735
Pore Prol. Sat. 225, 1 ne’er..like a puppy daggled throug!
the town To fetch and carry sing-song up and down, 1869
Lonsdale Gloss., Daggle v.i., to trail in the dirt. 1876
Whitby Gloss. s.v. ling, ‘Trailing and daggling’,
said of a person walking in a shower.
+ Darggle, s. Obs. rare. [f. prec. vb.] A clot
or spot of wet mud, as on a daggled garment.
sot Percivatt Sf. Dict., Carpas, daggles of durt, spots
of durt.
gled (deg’ld), pp/. a. [f. DaccrE v. +
-ED !.] Having theskirts clogged or splashed with
dirt or wet; bespattered, bemired.
1607 Barley-Breake (1877) 21 What .. dagled mayd with
Len He ~~ RY Costume (Percy Soc.) 140 Fringe with
gold your daggl’d tails. 1 Swirt Poems, City Shower,
‘To shops in crowds the dace females fly. 1742 Mrs.
Detany Life & Corr. (1861) II. 193 Caught in a smart
shower of rain, [we] came home in a fine daggled condition.
b. Comb. + Daggled-tail a. = DAGGLE-TAILED.
1708 Swirt Agst. Abol. Christianity, Shocked at the sight
of so many daggled-tail parsons. i
Daggle-tail (dze'g’ltz!l), sb. Ods. exc. dial.
A person (esp. a woman) whose garments are be-
mired by being trailed over wet ground ; an untidy
woman, slut, slattern. Now DRaGGLE-TAIL.
1577-87 HoLinsuep Chron. III. 1098/2 Vpon their ioinin
with the queens soldiors, the one part could not be diiceract
from the other, but onelie by the mire and durt ..which
stacke vpon their garments .. wherefore the crie on the
queenes part..was; Downe with the daggle tailes. 1674-91
Ray S. & E. C. Words 95, Daggle-tail..a Woman that hath
dabbled her Coats with Dew, Wet or Dirt. 1881 Leicestersh.
Gloss., Daggle-tail, a slut. .‘ Doll Daggle-teel ’.
Daggle-tailed (de'g’l,tzld), a. Obs. exc. dial.
Having the skirts splashed by being trailed over
wet ground; untidy, slatternly.
woman.) Now DRAGGLE-TAILED.
1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 125 A nobeler witt
Then that daggiltayld skitt. 1824 Scott St. Ronan’s xxxiii,
To make love to. .some daggletailed soubrette.
Daggling (deglin), vi/.sd. [-1nc1.] a. The
action of the verb DaGGLE, q.v. +b. concr. =
Dacarine (obs.).
1580 Hottysanp Treas. Fr. Tong, Crottes, daglings.
1650 Futter Pisgah iw. vi. 100 To prevent the dangling
down, and dagling of so long garments.
Da-ggling, ///. a. [1Nc*.] That daggles:
see the verb.
1562 Parr Aneid. vi. Ziij b, A she wolfe downe was
layed, and next her dugs two goodly twins, Two daggling
sucking boies. 161x CotGr., Cvottes, durt, filth, mire ;
dagling stuffe, etc. 17053 VaNsruGH Confed. 1. ii, Who is
this good woman, A espe .An old daggling cheat, who
hobbles about..to bubble the ladies of their money.
Darggly, a. dial, [f. Daccir+-y.]
1869 Lonsdale Gloss., Daggly, wet, showery. 1 A
Cheshire Gloss., Daggly, wet, dewy. ‘It was daggly 1 th’
mornin’,’
Daggysweyne, var. Dacswain, Obs.
Dagh(e, obs. form of DoucH.
Daghesh, Daghyng: see DacEsH, DAWING.
Dag-lock. [f. Dac sd.13+Lock.] /. Locks
of wool clotted with dirt about the hinder parts of
a sheep.
1623 Althorp MS. in Simpkinson Washingtons (3860)
p. xly, To 12 women..2 daies washing dag-loakes. 1724
Lond. Gaz. No, 6264/2 Frauds. .are..committed..by wind-
ing in Fleeces, Locks, Tail-Locks, Sheer-Locks, Dagg-
Locks. 1 W. Pitt in Commun. Board Agric. U1. 464
A very ell proportion of breechings or daglocks. 1805
Luccock Nat. Wool 223 The bundles contained. .a quantity
of dag-locks, of wool from dead sheep. 1881 Leicestersh.
Gloss., Dag-locks, the long locks of wool about a sheep
which dag in the dirt when the animal lies down, etc.
Dagman: see Dac sb.* 2.
Dago (déi-go). U.S. [Supposed to be a cor-
ruption of Dzego a Spanish equivalent of James:
applied as a generic proper name to Spaniards.]
A name originally given in the south-western sec-
tion of the United States to a man of Spanish
arentage; now extended to include Spaniards,
ortuguese, and Italians in general.
1888 American 18 July (Farmer), The shrimps .. are
caught by Dagos. ps . ¥. Nation (25 Sept.) LI. 237/1
Mr. Reed makes no effort to conceal his contempt for ahis
proposition to trade with a lot of ‘ Dagoes’, as he calls them.
ll oba (da‘goba). [ad. Singhalese dagaba :—
Pali dhatugabbho :—Skr. dhatu-garbha relic-recep-
tacle (Yule). Also adopted as dhagope, daghofe,
dhagob, dagop, from the form of the name in the
Mogadhi dialect of south Behar.]
In Buddhist countries, a ¢ofe or dome-shaped
monumental structure containing relics of Buddha
or of some Buddhist saint.
1806 Saur Caves of Salsette in Trans. Lit. Soc. Bombay
(1819) I. 47 (Y.) In this irregular excavation are left two
agopes, or solid of stone bearing the form of
acupola. 1855 YuLe Mission to Ava (1858) 35 (Y.) The
bluff knob-like dome of the Ceylon dagobas. bi Pall
Mail G. 28 Sept. 6/1 Mdme. Blavatsky’s dagoba is to be
built of pink sandstone from Rajpootanah.
+ Da‘gon 1, Obs. Also dagoun, [? related to
Daa sd,1]_ A piece (of cloth), -
8
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Somfpn. Tale 43 Or gif us..A dagoun of
tSS leeve dame. 1486 Sk. St. Albans Bv a, Take
a dagon or pece of Rough blanket vnshorn.
|| Dagon2 (dz+gyn). [a. L. Dagon
Aayiv, a. Heb. 4137 dagon ‘little fish, dear little
fish’, f. 19 dag fish.] an
The national deity of the ancient Philistines;
represented with the head, chest, and arms of a
man, and the tail of a fish. b. ¢vansf. An idol,
or object of idolatrous devotion. :
1382 Wycur ¥udg. xvi. 23 The princis of Philistiens
camen to gidre in oon, for to offre oostis of greet worship
to Dagon, her god. oae [see Dap v. 1]. 1667 Mitton
P.L.1. 462 Dagon his Name, Sea Monster, upward Man
And downward Fish. 1677 Gitex Demonol. (1867) 440
‘Though the Roman synagogue join force to subtlety in the
advancement of their dagon. 1868 Stantey Script. Portr.
89 The head was deposited {probably at Ashdod) in the
temple of Dagon.
¢. A term of reproach to a man.
1800-20 Dunsar Flyting 66 3e, dagone, dowbart. (Cf.
Docone in Tua Mariit Wemen 457.)
Hence Da‘gonals si. p/. nonce-wd. (after baccha-
nal), rites or orgies in honour of Dagon.
1614 T. Avams Devil's Banquet 5 A Banket worse then
w, a Gre |
| dapet, (dayet),
| the meaning ‘God’s hate’, in primitive Merovingian
om childrens ; or the Dagonals, of the Philistins ; (like the
acchanals of the Moenades).
+ Da‘gswain. Ols. Forms: 5 dagswaynne,
daggysweyne, 6 daggeswayne, -swanne, dag-
swayne, -swain. [Etymology obscure: the first
part has been associated with Dac sé.! (cf. descrip-
tion in quot. 1519): cf. also Dacon!.] A coarse
coverlet of rough shaggy material.
?a1400 Morte Arth. 3610 Dubbyde with dagswaynnes
dowblede they seme. ¢1440 Prom. Parv.112 Daggysweyne,
lodix. 1519 Horman Vulg. 167b, My bedde is couered
with a daggeswayne: and a quylte .. Some dagswaynys
haue longe thrummys and iaggz on bothe sydes: some but
(Usually of a | omone. 154 Boorve /xtrod. Knowl. v. (1870) 139 Symple
| roudges we be content.
serue us full well; Wyth dagswaynes and
1577 Harrison England u. xii.
(1877) 1. 240 Our fathers .. and we .. haue lien full oft vpon
straw pallets ..vnder couerlets made of dagswain .. or hop-
harlots (I vse their owne termes).
Da‘g-tailed, a. [f. Dae sd.1]
wool about the tail clotted with dirt.
56.1 3, DAG-LOCK.)
1597-8 Br. Hatt Sat. y. i. 116 To see the dunged foldes of
dag-tayled sheepe.
Dague, var. of Dac sd.3
Daguerreotype (dage'rotaip), s+. Also da-
guerrotype. [a. F. daguerréotype, f. Daguerre
name of the inventor + TYPE.]
1. One of the earliest photographic processes, first
published by Daguerre of Paris in 1839, in which
the impression was taken upon a silver plate sen-
sitized by iodine, and then developed by exposure
to the vapour of mercury. +b. The apparatus
rayment dot
Having the
(Cf. Dac
| pat
used for this process (o/s.). ©. A portrait produced |
by this process.
1839 A thenxum 26 Jan. 69 The newly invented machine,
which is to be called the Daguerotype. 1839 E. Fitzceratp
Lett. 1, 53 Perhaps you are not civilized enough to know
what Daguerreotype is. 1849 THACKERAY Left. 14 Sept., Iam
going. .to give you a daguerreotype of myself. 1875 Vogel's
Chem. Light ii. 14 The little pictures that were called |
daguerreotypes from their inventor.
+2. fig. An exact representation or description.
Obs. (since the daguerreotype itself has yielded to
improved photographic processes).
DAIDLE.
Lect., Times Wks, (Bohn) 11, 251 Whilst the Daguerreo-
typist, with camera-obscura and silver plate, begins now to
traverse the land. 1853 Cham. Frnt. XX. 7p There is
something new in y-
|| Daha » “biah (dahabrya). Also
-beeah, -bieh, -beiah. [Arab. in,25 dahabiyah
lit. ‘ the golden’, f. .#3 dahab gold: name of the
gilded state barge of the Moslem rulers of Egypt.]
A large sailing-boat, used by travellers on the Nile.
Ph 4 A. B. Epwarps Up Nile Pref. 12 The Dahabeeyah
by the European traveller, reproduces in all essential
features the painted galleys rep d in the tombs of the
kings. 1890 Sayce in Trans. Lanc. & Cheshire Antig. Soc.
VII. 4 Coming down the Nile ina dahabiah,
+ Dahet, dathet. O/s. Forms: 3-4 dahet,
dapeit, dathait, dapeheit,
daipat, dait, dai. [a. OF. dahet, dehet, usually
dehé, dahé, daé, deé, also dehait, dahait; in pl. de-
hez, dahez, daez, dehaiz, ‘ misfortune, mischief, evil,
curse’, used only in imprecations.
As to the OF. word, see M. Gaston Paris in Romania
(1889) 469. He shows it to be distinct from OF. deshait
evil disposition or condition, sorrow, woe, etc., and su; —
renc!
*deu hat. In English, the primary dahet is very rare; the
usual dapeit, datheit, dathet are difficult to account for,
unless they represent the OF. phrase da(h)et ait, daat ait,
or in pl. dahez, daez, daaz ait, just as in OF. itself M. Paris
explains dehait, dahait, from the running together of dehé
ait. Appeals, the phrase being thus taken for the simple
word, the verb had to be added anew, as in OF. dehait ait!
ME. dapeit haue! 1n Robert of Brunne written daJet with
dotted Z, printed by Hearne as dotted 7.)
[=OF. dehet ait, dehait ait.) a. Inthe construc-
tion dahet have, dathet have :=May (he, etc.) have
misfortune! a mischief, curse, damnation be to...
a 1250 Owl & Night. 99 Dahet habbe that ilke best, That
fuleth his owe nest. c12ago S. Eng. Leg. 1. Beket 1884
Dabeheit habbe pat so atstonde so folliche. ¢1320 Senyn
Sag. (W.) 2395 Datheit haue thou .. Al to loude thou spak
thi Latin! ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 143 Dayet haf
his lip, & his nose perby. .
b. without Aave [so OF. dehatt, dahait]: A curse
upon!
é x S. Eng. Leg. 1. Beket 2036 Dabeit alle pat it seide !
cx Sat. People Kildare xiv. in E. E. P. (1862) 155
Dabeit jur curteisie, 3e stinkep al pe strete. c1330 R.
Brunne Chron. (1810) 95 A Breton (dayet his nose) for
Roberd pider sent. P
c. followed by relative clause [so OF. daha ait
gut, dahait gut).
1300 Beket (Percy Soc.) 2072 Daithat hit so sede. cx
Havelok Dapeit hwo it hire yeue. c1300 Seyn Fulian
202 Dait pat him wolde bymene. /éid. 134 Dai pat wolde
.. him biseche. ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 167 Dayet
rof rouht, his was alle pe gilt.
? The following is prob. a mere coincidence: cf. dash it!
1875 Lanc. Gloss., Dathit (Furness), inter. a mild curse
on making a mishap.
Dahlia (dé'lia, properly da-lia). [Named 1791
in honour of Dah/, a Swedish botanist.]
1. A genus of Composite plants, natives of Mexico,
introduced into Europe in 1789, and commonly
cultivated in ens.
In the wild plant the flowers are ‘single’ with a dull
scarlet ray and yellow disk ; inthe culti forms the varie-
ties of colour are very numerous, the ‘double’ varieties
are distinguished by the remarkable regularity of their
a in which florets of the ray completely cover the
ISK.
1804 Curtis's Bot. Mag. XIX. 762 Of the genus Dahlia
— are three species described by Cavanilles. 1840 Hoop
18s0 Wuirrte “ss. & Rev. Il. 351 The querade at
Ranelagh, and the scene at Vauxhall .. are daguerreotypes
of manners. 1866 Dootitt ie (/it/e), Social Life of the
Chinese: a Daguerreotype of Daily Life in China.
3. attrib.
1841 CartyLe J7/isc. (1872) VI. 212 Contemporary Daguer-
reotype delineator. 1845 A ‘henaumi 22 Feb. fog Beebe
type plates. 1858 J. Martineau Stud. Chr. 234 From which
it must be copied, with daguerreotype exactitude, into every
disciple’s mind.
‘rreo ,v. [f. prec. sb.]
1. ¢vans. To photograph by the daguerreotype
process.
1849 C. Bronte Shirley vii. 80 A head, that daguerreo-
t in that attitude..would have been lovely. 1
red F. Cuampers Astron, vu. vii. 707 The sensitive silvet
compounds used in Daguerreotyping.
+2. fig. To represent or describe with minute
exactitude. Ods.
1839 E. Frrzcreracp Let?. (1889) I. 53 All Daguerreotyped
into the mind’s eye. 1861 J. G. Suerrarp Fadl Rome xiii.
706 That ing power which he possesses beyond
any other writer of the time.
So Dague'rreotyper, = daguerreotypist. Da-
guerreoty'pic (-tipik), -ty:pical aajs., relating
to the d process. Dague‘rreotypism
(nonce-wwd.), minute exactness as of a daguerreotype.
Dague'rreotypy (-taipi), the daguerreotype pro-
cess, the art of taking daguerreotypes. Dague'r-
reotypist (-taipist), a photographer who uses this.
1864 WessteER, Da, ot , a THAckERAy Crit.
Reo Whe. 7886 XXIII. 106 Mr. Maclise has a daguerréo-
typic eye. 1854 5 Scorrern in Orr's Circ. Sc. mM. OT
e language of Daguerreotypic art. 1840 Fraser's Mag.
XXI._ 729 Painted with a daguerréotypical minuteness.
1846 Ruskin Mod. Paint. 1. u. 1. vii. § 30 He
nothing but coloured Daguerreotypeism, 1841
Evrenson
867-77 |
ee, Her H oon ix, A double dahlia delights
the eye. 1863 Loncr. Wayside Inn, Student's Tale 182
Among the dahlias in the garden walk.
b. Blue dahlia: fig. something impossible or
unattainable (no blue variety of the dahlia having
been produced by cultivation).
1880 Daily News 17 Dec. 5/4 Whether the colonisation of
Gilead be a blue dahlia or not.
2. Name for a cular shade of red.
1846 Art Union Frnil. 1 26 Their Mazarine blue, their
puce, their dahlia, their Turkey red, or their azure. 1892
Pall Mall G. 29 Sept. 1/3 One of the many ugly shades
that are to be worn this season is dahlia.
Dahlin (dalin). Chem. [f. Dantia+-1n.] A
name for INULIN from the tu of the dahlia.
1826 Henry Elem, Chem. U1. 326 Dathine. This substance
was extracted by Layen from the bulbs of the Dalhia. 1882
Syd. Soc. Lex, ia. .The roots of the several species are
eaten when cooked, and supply Dahlin.
Dai, Daiblet: see Day, DABLer.
Daidle (dé-d’l), sé. Sc. A pinafore.
Dai-dlie, -ey (diminutive).
17.. ¥acobite Relics (1819) 1. 7 Jenny [shall have] the
pe God For—petticoat, dishclout, and daidle.
Morr Mansie Wauch v. (1849) 23, I was a wee chap wi
a daidley.
Daidle (dz-d’l), v. Sc. and north. dial. [app.
Sc. form of DAppLE v.] é#fr. To move or act
slowly or in a slovenly manner; to saunter, loiter.
Chiefly in pres. pple. = loafing, idling, lazy, slovenly.
(Cf. DawDLe.)
Hence
1808 in Jamieson. 1816 Scort Old Mort. xvii, He's but
a daidling coward body. Sc. Proverb, A primsie damsel
makes a daidlin’ dame. ;
Daie, obs. form of Day.
Daigh, Sc. form of Dovex.
DAIKER,
Daign, obs. form of DETGN,
Daiker (de‘kor), v. Sc. [?a. F. aécorer to
decorate, adorn.] ¢vans. To set in order.
1820 Blackw. Mag. Sept. 652 (Jam. s.v. Datker) Say
Madge Mackittrick’s skill has failed her in daikering out
adead dame’s flesh. 1880 Mrs. L. B, Watrorp 770u6/. Dau.
I. ii. 3x Your room will be daikert by the time it’s wanted.
Daiker: see DackER.
Dail(e, obs. form of DALE, DEAL.
‘Dai‘liness, vare. [f. Daty a.+-NEss.] The
quality of being daily ; daily occurrence, etc.
“1607 Hirron Wks. I. 135 There are very few duties of
religion, but the scripture speaks of the dailines of them.
a@x1670 Hacker Chr. Consolations ii. (1840) 19 The dailiness
of sin must be bewailed with the dailiness of sorrow.
Daill, obs. Sc. form of Dar.
Daily (dé‘li), z. (sb.) Forms: 5-8 dayly, 6
daylie, dailie, (Sc. dalie), 6- daily. [OE. deglic
(in the compounds twddeglic, préodeglic, happening
once in two or three days) =OHG. tagalth, dagalih,
ON. dagligr, an ancient derivative of WGer. dag,
OE. dz day: see-ty¥!, The ordinary OE. word
was deghwamiic, in 12th c. dethwantich.]
1. Of or belonging to each day; occurring or
done every day; issued or published every day
(or every week-day).
cx470 Henry Wadlace x1. 1291 For dayly mess, and
heryng off confessioun. 1526 TINDALE Matz. vi. 11 Geve
vs this daye oure ere & breade. 1553 Epen Treat. Newe
Ind. (Arb.)7 Proued..by dayly experience. 1611 Biste x.
v. 13 Fulfill your workes, your dayly taskes. 1711 HEARNE
Collect. (Oxt. Hist. Soc.) III. 153 A Daily paper comes out
call’d The Spectator. 1862 Lp. Broucuam Brit. Const. iv.
62 The daily labour to gain their daily bread.
b. with agent-nouns, as in dazly waiter, one who
waits daily (a title of certain officers of the Royal
household).
1568 E. Titney Disc. Mariage Cj, A daylie gamester,
acommon blasphemer. 1642 Brass in Weybridge Church
‘N. & Q. x Oct. 1892), Here lieth the body of Humphry
thick Esq. who was one of his Matis Gent. Vshers
(dayly Waiter). 1715 Lond. Gaz. No. 5300/4 Sir William
Oldes, to be his Majesty’s first Gentleman Usher, Daily
Waiter and Black Rod. Mod. A daily visitor to the well.
+2. Of the present day; belonging to the present
time. Ods. rare.
1663 GERBIER Conmsel 8 Why modern and daily Buildings
are so exceedingly Defective.
B. sd. (ellipt.) A daily newspaper.
1858 Times 29 Nov. 6/3 Clever weeklies and less clever
dailies. 1881 Academy 26 Mar. 234 The foreign corre-
spondent of one of the great dailies,
Daily (dé'li), adv. Forms: 5-7 dayly, (6 Sc.
_ dalie, -y), 6 dailie, 6-7 daylie, 7-daily. [f. Day
+-LY¥2, The OE. word was daghwamlice.] Every
day, day by day. Often in a looser sense: Con-
stantly, always, habitually.
c1440 Vork Myst. xxvi. 9 My desire muste dayly be done.
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. deW.1531) 1b, Wherin. .dayly & hourly
I myght loke, as in a myrour. 1635 A. Starrorp Fem.
Glory (1869) 79 With bended knees I dayly beseech God.
171z Appison Sfect. No. 265 ? 6, I am informed that this
‘ashion spreads daily. 1747 Westey Prin. Physic (1762)
97 Drink daily halfa Pint. 1848 Macautay Hist, Eng. II.
75 He continued to offer his advice daily, and had the mor-
tification to find it daily rejected. 1885 R. BucHanan
Annan Water v, The public waggonette ran daily between
Dumfries and Annanmouth.
Dai‘men, a. Sc. Also 9 demmin. [Origin
unknown. In Ayrshire pronounced as demmin.
(Perh. a pple.: cf. Whitby daumm’d out, dealt out sparingly.)]
‘Rare, occasional’ (Jam.).
1785 Burns To a Mouse, A daimen-icker in a thrave 'S
asma’ request. 1821 Edin. Mag. Apr. 352 (Jam.) At
a demmin time I see the Scotchman. [Still in use in Ayr-
shire, as in ‘a daimen ane here and there’.]
Daiment, var. DaymMent, Obs.
|| Daimio (dai‘m,yo). [Japanese, f. Chinese daz
great+mzo, myo name.] The title of the chief
territorial nobles of Japan, vassals of the mikado ;
now abolished.
1839 Penny Cycl. XIII. 94/1 The nobility or hereditary
governors of the provinces and districts are called Daimio,
or srgene ted, and Szomio, or Well-named. 1875 NV. Amer.
Rev. CXX, 283 The writer..has lived in a daimio’s capital
before, during, and after the abolition of feudalism.
Hence Dai‘miate, Dai:mioate, Dai‘miote, the
territory or office of a daimio.
1870 Pall Mail G. 26 Aug. 4 Japanese students. .from all
= of the empire, from the inland daimiotes as well as
rom the sea-coasts, 1882 Atheneum 10 June 730/1 The
abolition of the Daimioates has elevated the masses of the
people [of Japan] from a state of feudal servitude to the
condition of free citizens, 1889 did. 6 Apr. 436/1 Old
Japanese tenures [of land]..no doubt differed considerably
in the different daimiates.
|| Daimon (daiméun), a direct transliteration of
Gr. daivwy divinity, one’s genius or Demon.
1852 THoreau Lett. (1865) 73 It is the same daimon, here
lurking under a human eyelid, 1875 E. C. Srepman
Victorian Poets (1876) 154 The Laureate. .is his own daimon,
—the inspirer and controller of his own utterances.
+ Dain, sd. Os. Also 5 deyne, dene, 6 daine,
dayne,deane. Syncopated from Wedain, DIspain sd,
1, Disdain, dislike, distrust.
@ 1400-50 Alexander 1863 Pat ay has de:
dene] & dispite at dedis of litill, x59
Vo. III,
e [Dublin MS.
YLY Sappho vy. i.
9
pi Pl striketh a deepe daine of that which wee most
lesire,
2. The suffering or incurring of disdain; con-
tumely, ignominy, reproach,
argoo MS, St. Fohn’s Coll. Oxon. No. 117 fol. 123b (in
Maskell Mon. Rit. III. 356), Thi beginning of thi lif, care
and sorwe; thi fo[r]thliving, trauail, and dene, and disese.
15.. Merline in Percy Folio 1. 444 ‘ Nay, certaine,’ said the
old queane, ‘yee may it doe without deane.’ 5
3. Repulsiveness of smell; ‘stink, noisome
effluvia. Still used in this sense in the west of
England’ (Nares).
(Quot. 1575 taken in this sense by Nares and Halliwell
may belong to 2; 1601 may belong to Dain ad/.)
1575 Mirr. Mag., Cordila, From bowres of heauenly hewe,
to dennes of dayne. x60r Ho.tanp Pliny x1. lili, The
breath of Lions hath avery strong deane and stinking smell
with it [animae leonis virus grave). 1825 Britton Prov.
Words in Beauties of Wiltsh. (E. D.S.), Dain, infectious
effluvia, | 1847~- in Haviiwe ct (Wilts).
+ Dain, @. Obs. or dial. rare. Also 6 daine,
dane. [a. OF. *deigne, Burg. dotgne = F. digne
worthy: cf. Chaucer’s deyz under DiGneE a.]
1. Haughty; reserved, distant; repellent. Sc.
¢xg00 Dunpar Txa mariit Wemen 132 Than am I dan-
gerus and dane and dour of my will. /dzd. 253 Thought
I dour wes and dane, dispitois and bald. ¢cxsqo Lynprsay
Kitteis Conf. 6 Bot 3it ane countenance he bure, Degeist,
deuote, daine, and demure. nite
2. Repulsive, esp. in smell ; stinking. Cf. Diane a.
(Cf. Dain sé. quot. 1601.] 1888 Berkshire Gloss., Dain,
tainted, putrid, bad-smelling.
+Dain, v. Ods. Also 5 deyne, 6 dayne.
Syncopated form of dedain, DISDAIN v.
@ 1400-50 Alexander 4579 Owhir 3e gesse at 3e be gods...
Or deynes with oure dri3tins for bat we bam dere hald. 1514
Barcray Cyt. §& Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) 6 Youthe dayneth
counsayle, scornynge dyscrecyon. #1592 GREENE A /phonsus
1. Wks. 226/1 She shall have scholars which will dain to be
In any other Muse’s company. /dzd. 111. 237/23 IV. 240/1.
Dain(e, obs. forms of DEIGn.
+ Dai'nful, 2. Ods. Also 6 deignfull.
copated form of dedainful, DISDAINFUL.
c1s30 H. Ruoves Bk. Nurture 672 in Babees Bk. (1868)
too A busy tongue makes of his friend oft tymes his daynfull
Foe. 1578 T. Proctor Gorg. Gallery in Heliconia 1. gt
Cipres well, with dainful chaung of fraight, Gave thee to
drinke infected poyson colde. 1600 Fairrax Tasso iv.
Ixxxix, Yet tempred so her deignfull lookes alway.
+ Daint, @. and sd. Ods. Also 6 daynt, deint.
=Dainty (of which it appears to be merely a
shortened form, or perh, a misreading of the old
spelling daznte, deynte, etc.).
A. adj.
1590 SrensER /, Q. 1. x. 2 To cherish him with diets
daint. Jézd. u. xii. 42 Whatever .. may dayntest fantasy
aggrate. 1896 /d7d. 1v. i. 5 Demeanour daint.
- SO,
1633 P. FretcuHer Pisc. Lcl, The Prize xxxvii, Excesse
or daints my lowly roof maintain not.
Hence + Dai-ntly adv., daintily.
1563 Sackvitte Mirr. Mag., Induct. xxxviii, As on the
which full dayntlye would he fare. 1591 PercivaLi Sf,
Dict., Regaladamente, gentelie, curteouslie, deintlie.
+ Dai‘nteous, 2. Ods. Forms: a. 4-5 deyn-,
dein-, (den-), daynteuous, -vous, (-uos, denty-
uous); 8. 4-0 deyn-, 6 dayn-, deinteous. [app.
orig. dayntivous, f. dayntive DAINTIVE + -OUS:
afterwards altered so as to appear f. daynte,
Dainty + -ous. Cf. Bounrrous, PLENTEOUS.]
= DAINTY a.
c Sf Cuaucer Merch. T. 470 Ful of instrumentz and of
vitaille The moste deynteuous of all Ytaille. 1387 Trevisa
Higden ae A III. 323 Wip gret plente of deynteous mete
and drink. ?a@ 1400 Morte Arth. 4196 Itt was my derlynge
daynteuous, and fulle dere holdene. c1g10 Barciay JZirr.
Gd. Manners (1570) D v, The soure sauce is serued before
meat deynteous. 1548 Upatt, etc. Eras. Par. Matt. x.
64 This is no daynteouse and delycate profession.
Hence + Dai‘nteously adv., daintily.
1380 Wycuir Se/, Wks. III. 157 Somme men deynteuously
norischen hor body. 1393 Lanct. P. PZ. C. 1x. 324 Thenne
was pis folke feyn and fedde hunger deynteuosliche [v.7.
denteuous-, deyntifliche]. a@1556 Cranmer Wks. (Parker
Soc.) II. 194 Yet will they. .fare daintiously, and lie softly.
Dainteril, var. of DamyTREL Oés., a dainty.
Dainteth, -ith (déntép), sd. and a. Now
only Sc. Forms: 4-5 dein-, deyn-, dain-, dayn-
teth(e, varely -ith(e, -yth, (also den-, dan-,
dayen-, dayne-), 8-9 Sc, daintith, -eth. [a.
OF. dainttet, deintiet:—L. dignitat-em, {. dignus
worthy : see Dainty sé.] A. =Darnty 50.
cr290 S. Eng. Leg. 1. Beket 1190 Heo bi-gan to serui bis
holi man and deintebes [Percy Soc. l. 1202 deyntés] to him
brou3te. a1340 Hampote Psalter lxxv. 10 With other. .he
has litill daynteth to dwell. c1400 Destr. Troy 463 Sho
hade no deintithe to dele with no deire meite. c14s0 Bh.
Curtasye 527 in Babees Bk. (1868) 316 Yf any deyntethe in
countré be, Po stuarde schewes hit to bo lorde so fre. « 1774
Fercusson Drink Eclogue Poems (1845) 52 On bien-cla
tables .. Bouden_wi’ a’ the daintiths 0’ the land.
Blackw. Mag. V11. 520 Sic daintiths are rare.
B. =Darnty a. Obs.
¢1430 Lypc. Chorle §& Byrde \x, A dunghyll Douke as
deyntith as a Snyte. cr Gesta Rom. Wiii. 374 (Add.
MS.) He myght not take of the noble and deynteth metes.
Hence } Dai‘ntethly adv., + Daintethness.
©1440 Gesta Rom. |. 370 (Add. MS.) Riche men..pat..
etyn and drynkyn deyntethly. c 1440 York Myst.t. 78 Thi
Syn-
1820
DAINTIVE.
dale, lord, es ay daynetethly delande. 1348 Tuomas /¢a/,
Gram., Dilicatezza, daintethnesse, or delicacie.
Daintifica‘tion. vonce-wd. [f. Dainriry ;
see -FICATION. ] Daintified condition.
‘A
1780 Map. D’Arsiay Diary Apr., A mighty delicate
gentleman. .all daintification in manner, speech, and dress.
+ Daintiful, . Os. [f. Darry sd, +-Fut.]
= DAInNTy a.
1393 Gower Conf. I. 28 There is no lust so deintefull.
a 1400-50 Alexander 4274 A dayntefull diete. c1440 Gesta
Rom, x\vi. 184 (Harl. MS.) How that he made so gret
festes, and hadde so deyntefulle metis.
Hence + Daintifully adv., daintily.
1393 Lanci. P. PZ. C. 1x. 324 (MS. G.) Pis folke .. fedde
hunger deyntfulliche [v.~. deynteuosliche, deyntifliche].
Daintify (déi-ntifei), v. vonce-wd. [See -Fy.]
trans. To make dainty. Hence Daintified A//. a.
1780 Map. D’Arsiay Let?. July, My father charges me to
give you his kindest love, and not to daintify his affection
into respects or compliments. 1834 Mew Monthly Mag.
XLI. 317 A silken cushion—which .. the daintified animal
did not hurt. ?
Daintihood (déintihud). xave. Daintiness.
1780 Mav. D’Arsiay Diary May, Shocking her by too
obvious an inferiority in daintihood and fo. 1890 Tenzple
Bar Mag. Jan. 146 Her youth, her daintihood.
ime d (détntili), adv. [f. Dainty a.+-Ly 2.]
+1. Excellently, finely, handsomely, delightfully.
?ax1400 Morte Arth.723 Dukkes and duzseperes dayntte-
hely rydes. c14253 Wyntoun Cron. 1x. xxvii. 8 Rycht wele
arayt and dayntely. 1625 Bacon “ss. Truth (Arb.) 499
A naked..day-light, that doth not show the masques .. of
the world halfe so Stately, and daintily, as Candlelights.
1640 HoweEtt Dodoni’s Gr. 2 There is no Forrest on Earth
so daintily watered, with such great navigable Rivers.
2. In a dainty manner; with delicate attention to
the palate, personal comfort, etc.
c1340 Cursor M. 3655 (Trin.) Venisoun .. Deyntily di3te
to his pay. c1440 Gesta Rom. xxxvi. 145 (Harl. MS.) The
fleshe is i-fed deyntili. 1549 Latimer 2nd Seri. bef. Edw.
VI (Arb.) 52 The rich. .gloton whych fared well and deyntely
euery day. 1588 Suaks. 77¢. A.V. iii. 61 Baked in that
Pie, Whereof their Mother dantily hath fed. 1647 CowLey
Mistress, Love's Ingratitude ii, And daintily I nourish’d
‘Thee With Idle Thoughts and Poetry. 17.. Broomr
View Epick Poems (J.), Vo sleep well and fare daintily.
3. Delicately, nicely, etc.; elegantly, gracefully,
neatly, deftly.
1561 T. Norton Calvin’s Inst. 11. v
tenderly & deintily handled. 1592 Gre Disput. 1 You
tread so daintily on your typtoes. 1654 Trapp Comm. Ps.
xxili, So daintily hath he struck upon the whole string.
1860 G. H. K. Vac. Tour. 117 The daintily tripping roe.
1860 Motcey Nesther?. (1868) vii. 443 The envoy performed
his ungracious task as daintily as he could.
+4. Rarely, sparingly. Ods. (Cf. Darnty a. 2.)
1494 Fasyan Chron. vil. ccxxi. 242 To be kept there as
a prysoner, where he was so dayntely fed that he dyed
for hunger. x158x Sipney Afol. Poetrie (Arb.) 65 The
Auncients haue one or two examples of Tragy-comedies..
But..we shall find, that they neuer, or very daintily, match
Horn-pypes and Funeralls.
Daintiness (déntinés). [f. Dartnty a. +
-NESS.] The quality of being dainty.
1. +a. The quality of being fine, handsome, de-
lightful, etc. Ods. in general sense. b. Of food:
Choiceness, deliciousness.
1gs2 Hutort, Deyntines of meates at a banquet, /av-
titia. 1577 B. Gooce Heresbach’s Husb. wv. (1586) 167 In
daintinesse and goodnesse of meat, the Hennes may com-
pare with..the goose [etc]. 1627 Hakewit Aol. (J.),
It was more notorious for the daintiness of the provision
which he served in it, than for the massiness of the dish.
2. Delicate beauty, elegance, gracefulness ; neat-
ness, deftness.
1580 SipNEY Arcadia 1. (1725) 106 Leucippe was of a fine
daintiness of beauty. 1669 A. Browne Avs Pict. (1675)
1g The grossness, slenderness, clownishness, and daintyness
of Bodies. 1878 J. W. Esswortu Brathwait’s Strappado
Introd. 28 There is poetic grace and daintiness of expres-
sion in the charming little lyric. 1884 Biack Zud. Shaks.
xxx, The pretty daintinesses of her coaxing.
3. Niceness, fastidiousness, delicacy, scrupulous-
ness (of taste, sensibility, etc.).
1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. xxi. 250/2 What greter
daintinesse doe we make at blasphemies? 1593 SHAKs.
Rich. 11, v.v. 45 Daintinesse ofeare. 1624 Wotton Archit.
1, Of sand, Lyme, and clay, Vitruvius hath discoursed
without any daintiness. 1892 Speaker 3 Sept. 299/1 A cer-
tain discrimination, a certain daintiness of choice. —
4. Niceness of appetite; fastidiousness with re-
gard to food, personal comfort, etc. ; softness.
1530 Parser. 212/2 Deyntinesse, friandise. 1598 HaKLuyt
Voy. 1. 250(R.) How iustly may this barbarous and rude
Russe condemne the daintinesse and nicenesse of our cap-
taines. 1670 Mitton Hist. Eng. v. (1851) 232 The People
.. learnt .. of the Flemish daintiness and softness. 18
W. Irvine Astoria I. 78 What especially irritated the
captain was the daintiness of some of his cabin passengers.
They were loud in their complaints of the ship’s fare.
+ 5. Physical delicacy or tenderness. Oés.
1575 TurBERV. Mandconrie 229 In these cures of diseases
that grow in the eyes there must be great care used..
bicause of the dayntinesse of the place.
Daintith: see DaInTETH.
+ Dai‘ntive, sd. anda. Oés. rare. In 6 deyn-
tyue. [app. a. Anglo-Fr. *daintif, -zve, f. dainté:
cf. OF. dontif, -ive, f. bonté.] =Datnty sé. and a.
13.. [see adv. below]. 1526 Pilger. Perf. (W. de W. 1531)
zob To taste of his deyntyue delycates. did. 71 [He]
fedeth vs with the deyntyues of his owne son iam
§ 1 He was not
DAINTREL.
Hence + Daintively adv. (in 4 deyntifliche).
13.. Cursor M. 27904 (Cotton ) To 3ern metes
day peyedy. 1393 Lanat. P. P7. C.1x. 324 (MS. I) Pis folke
..fedde hunger tifliche.
+Dai‘ntrel. O/s. Also 6 deintrelle, 7 dain-
teril, -trill. [Cf. OF. daintier a tit-bit, a delicacy,
The formation is obscure.] A dainty, delicacy.
1578 J. Strut Gamm. Gurton u. i, But by thy words, as
I them smelled, thy daintrels be not many. 1577 tr. Bu/i-
inger's Decades (1592) 240 Neither glut thy selfe with
present delicates, nor long after deintrelles to be
come bye. iy 2 Sir E. Hosy Curry-combe i. 7 ‘These
dainterils haue layen so long vpor his hands, that I feare
me they are scarce sweete. 1640 Brome Sfar. Garden u1.
vii, You say I shall fill my belly with this new Daintrill.
Dainty (dé‘nti), sd. Forms: 3-6 dein-, deyn-,
dain-, daynte, -ee, (4-5 dayn-, deyntte), 4-6
dein-, deyntie, -y(e, 4-6 Sc. dante(e, 6 -ie, 5
dente, 6 denty, -ie, 4-7 daynty(e, -ie, 6-7
daintie, -ye, 4- dainty. [a. OF. deinti?¢, daintié,
dainté pleasure, tit-bit :—L. dignitatem worthiness,
worth, beauty, f. diguus worthy. The earlier OF.
form was in -et, whence DaINTETH.]
+1. Estimation, honour, favour (in which any-
thing is held) ; esteem, regard; affection, love.
1225 Ancr. R. 412 Me let lesse deinte to binge pet me
haued ofte. c 1305 St. Dunstan 35 in E. E. P. (1862) 35 For
deynte pat he hadde of him : he let him sone bringe Bitore
pe prince of Engelond. 1. Barsour Bruce xm. 475 Schir
eduard..Lufit [him], and held in sic dante. 1377 Lanct.
P. Pl. B. xt. 47 Of dowel ne dobet no deyntee me ne
pouste © 1430 Lypc. Bochas Prol. 52 These Poetes .. Were
py olde time had in great deintye With Kinges. 1513
Dovctas nets iv. viil. 28 Sen 3onne..man, deir sister, the
Was wount to cherise, and hald in gret dantie. ;
+2. Liking or fondness fo do or see anything;
delight, pleasure, joy. Ods.
c1325 Song of Yesterday 5 in E. E. P. (1862) 133 Pei
haue no deynte forto dele With binges pat bene deuotly
made. 1375 Barsour Bruce xu. 159 Than all ran in-to
gret dantee The Erll of Murreff for till se. ¢ 1386 CHaucer
Man of Law's T. 41 Euery wight hath deyntee to chaffare
With hem. 1449 Pecock Rep. 1. xiii. 66 The reeding in
the Bible. .drawith the reders..fro loue and deinte of the
world. 1508 Dunpar Twa maryit wemen 413 Adew
dolour, adew ! my daynte now begynis. ax KELTON
ue deynte
Bouge of Courte 337 Trowest thou..That I
to see thee ehecyuieed thus?
+3. Delightful or choice quality; sumptuous-
ness.
@ 1300 Cursor M. 3655 (Cott.) Venison pou has him
nommen, Wit dainte dight til his be-houe. c 1300 KX. Adis.
7o7o They haven seolk, gret plenté, And maken clothis of
gret deynté. cx1440 Promp. Parv. 117/1 Dente (K. H. P.
deynte), anticia.
+4. Daintiness; fastidiousness. Ods.
1590 Spencer F. Q. 1. ii. 27 He feining seemely merth,
And shee coy lookes : so dainty, they say, maketh derth.
#1597 Suaxs. 2 Hen. JV, 1. i, 198 Note this: the King is
wearie Of daintie, and such picking grieuances.
+5. concr. Anything estimable, choice, fine, pleas-
ing or delightful ; hence occas., a luxury, rarity
(cf. Dainty a. 2). Ods. exc. as in 6.
1 Hampote Pr. Consc. 7850 Pare es plenté of dayntes
and delice. ax1400-s0 Alexander 5298 Ware slike a won-
dire in oure marche of Messedone..It ware a daynte to
deme. 1562 J. Heywoop Prov. § Epigr.(1867) 51 Plenty is
nodainty. 1617 Ricu /rish Hubbub 47 wns great dainties
..euen amongst their greatest nobility, to see a cloake
lined thorow with Veluet. a 1661 Futter Worthies (1840)
II. 439 [He] made such a vent for Welch cottons, that what
he Bod drugs at home, he left dainties beyond the sea.
1798 Ferriar //lustr. Sterne, Eng. Hist. 227 Those who
can only be allured by the dainties of knowledge.
+b. Asa term of endearment. (Cf. sweet.)
1611 B. Jonson Catiline u. i, There is a fortune comming
Towards you, Daintie. :
6. esp. Anything pleasing or delicious to the
palate; a choice viand, a delency:
¢ 1300 Beket 1202 Heo servede this holi man and of deyntes
him bro3te. 1393 Gower Conf. II. 255 Tho was there
many a deinte fet And set to-fore hem on the bord. ¢ 1440
Promp. Parv. 117. Delyce, or deyntes, delicie. 1576
Fieminc Panopfl, Epist. 291 Some whet their teethe upon
sugred deinties, 1611 Biste Ps. cxli. 4 Let mee not eate of
their dainties. 1794 Soutney Wat Tyler i. ii, Your
larders hung with dainties. @ 1839 Praep Poems (1864) i. 305
‘The cunning caterer still must share The dainties which his
toils prepare.
Jig. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 26 Suche deinties.. Wherof thou
takest thin herte food. 1614 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 59
There be some. .to whom sin. .is both food and dainties,
+7. Phrase. Zo make dainty of (anything): to
set great store by; hence, to be sparing or chary
of ; to make dainty to do (or of doing; absol.),
to be chary or loth, to scruple. Oés.
1555 WaTREMAN Fardle Facions 1. iii. 37 The moste noble
Citrus, wherof the Romaines made greate deintie.
Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. ix. 107/1 They will not Bs. 44
daintie of the name of our Lord Jesus Christe, to worke their
subtill and mischeevous practises. x§81 Savite Jacitus’
Hist, 1. x\vi. (1591) 26 Some..made noe dainty to any
burden. 1592 Suaks. Rom. § Ful. 1. v. 21 ich of
all Will now deny to dance? She that makes dainty, She
Ile sweare hath cornes. a@x6r7 Hieron Ws. II. 492 Shee
ranne home and made no dainties of it; all her neighbours
were the better for her store. a1628 Preston New Cov.
(1634) 410 Defer not, make not dainty of applying the
promises, ~~ Hatt Hard Texts Matt. x. 39 Hee
that makes so ity of his life as that. .he will not expose
it to danger. 1638 Feattey Strict, L . 1. 122 We
have all reason to make great dainties of the noble con-
| fession of. .our Romish adversaries.
10
Mitton Likon.
43 If.. he made so dainty and were so | to bestow [etc.].
+8. As an asseveration : ? =By God’s dignity,
or honour. Oés.
161 Tourneur Ath. Trag.u. v, S'daintie, I mistooke the
I miss’d thine eare and hit thy lip.
Dainty (dé-nti), a. [from prec. sb.]
+1. Valuable, fine, handsome ; choice, excellent ;
pleasant, delightful. Ods. or dia/. in general sense.
¢ 1340 Gaw. & Gr. Knt, 1253 To daly with derely your
daynte wordez. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pro/. 168 Full many a
deynte hors hadde he in stable. 1526 Tinpatr Rev. xviii.
14 All thynges which were deyntie and had in pryce. 3873
Tusser Hush. xxxv. (1878) 81 More daintie the lambe,
the more woorth to be sold. 1626 Bacon Sy/va § 389 The
daintiest Smells of Flowers, are out of those plants, whose
Leaves smell not. 1712 STEELE Sfect. No. 354 P 1 To
hear Country Squires. .cry, Madam, this is dainty Weather.
1816 Scotr O/d Mort. vi, ‘ Ay? indeed? aschemeo’ yours?
that must be a denty ane!’ 1855 Rosinson Whitby Gloss.,
Denty or Dentyish, a weather term, genial, cheering.
+2. Precious; hence, rare, scarce. Obs.
2a1500 How Plowman lerned Pater-Noster 28 in Hazl.
E. P. P. (1864) 1. 211 Malte had he eg pe And Martyl-
mas befe to hym was not deyntye. 1578 Lyte Dodoens vi.
xi. 671 The blacke [whorts] are very common. .but the red
are dayntie, and founde but in fewe places. 1616 Hizron
Wks. 1's, If sermons were dainty..they would be more
esteemed. 1677 Lapy Cuawortn in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS.
Comm. App. v. 37 A rare muffe, but judged to be some
dainty squirell skin. ; ;
3. Pleasing to the palate, choice, delicate.
1382 Wycuir Prov. xxi. 17 Who looueth deynte metis.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pard. 7. 58 To gete a glotoun deyntee
mete and drinke. 1541 Barnes /V/és. (1573) 299/1 To eate
.-costly fishes, and that of the dentiest fashion dressed.
1588 Suaxs. Z. L. L.1. i. 26 Dainty bits Make rich the
ribs. 1627 Mitton Vac. Exerc. 14 The daintiest dishes
shall be serv'd up last. 1758 Jounson /dler No. 100 P 12
Her house is elegant and hertable dainty. 1892 STEVENSON
Wrecker ii, Fine wines and dainty dishes.
4. Of delicate or tender beauty or grace; delicately |
pretty ; made with delicate taste.
¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 3060 Her chyn..With a dympull full
derne, daynté to se. 1555 WATREMAN Fardle Facions 1. v.
77 She is estemed, as a deinty derling, beloued of many,
1579 SPENSER Sheph. Cal. June 6 The grassye ground with
daintye Daysies dight. 1609 B, Jonson Sil. Wom. tv. i,
Let your gifts be slight and dainty, rather than precious.
c 1645 Howe tt Let¢t, 1. xxviii. 54 Such a diaphonous pel-
lucid dainty body as you see a Crystall-glasse is. 1877
M. M. Grant Sun-Maid vii, There stood waiting for her
the daintiest of little broughams. ; : ;
5. Of persons, etc. : Possessing or displaying deli-
cate taste, perception, or sensibility; nice, fastidious,
particular ; sometimes, over-nice.
1576 FLeminc Panopl. Epist. 357 Fine fellowes, that bee
verie deintie and circumspect in speaking. 1581 LamBARDE
Ejiiren. w. v. (1588) 497 Sundry other daintie and nice
differences doth M. Marrow make. rggr SHAks. 1 Hen.
V1, v. iii. 38 No shape but his can please your dainty eye.
1602 — //am. v. i. 78 The hand of little Imployment hath
the daintier sense. 1700 ConGREvE Way of World i. xv,
I am somewhat dainty in making a resolution—because
when I makeit I keep it. 184 Lytton Nt. §& Morn. in. ii,
You must take me as you take the world, without being
over-scrupulous and dainty. 1855 H. Reen Lect. Eng.
Lit. iii. 101 From being too dainty in our choice of words.
+b. with of: Particular or scrupulous about
(anything) ; careful, chary, or sparing of. Odés.
1576 FLEMING Panopl. Epist. 251 Friendes..garnished wt
learning, & not deintie of their travell. Suaks. Macé.
i. iii. 150 Let vs not be daintie of leaue-taking, But shift
dg & 1642 Futter Holy & Prof. St. v. iii. 367 The devil
not being dainty of his company where he finds welcome.
+e, with zzfin.: Disinclined or reluctant (¢0 do).
1553 B. Gitrtn in Strype Eccl. Mem. II. xxiii. 440 Such
as dainty to hear the poor. 162 Sir R. Duptey in
Fortesc. Papers 7 note, 1 will not bee dainty to make you
a partie to my designes,
6. Nice or particular as to the quality of food,
comforts, etc. ; + luxurious.
ay Lp. Berners Gold. Bk, M, Aurel. (1546) Kjb,
The heart of a woman is deyntee. 1614 Bp, Hatt Recoll.
Treat, 85 As..some daintie guest knowing there is so
pleasant fare to com. 1683 Tryon Way to Health 181 You
dainty Dames that are so nice, that you will not endure this
pleasant Element to blow upon you. 1855 Motiey Dutch
Rep. III. vt. v. 521 When men were starving they could not
afford to be dainty. 1892 Stevenson Wrecker ii, I was
born with a dainty tooth and a palate for wine.
+7. Delicate (in health or constitution). Ods.
1562 Butteyn Campoundes 46a, Thei maie be giuen to
drinke to them that are weake or feable, or as thei call it
deintie. 158: Mutcaster Positions xxii. (1887) 94 Whose
mother was delicate, daintie, tender, neuer stirring.
8. quasi-adv. Daintily. (rare.)
1614 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 726 You quote Scriptures,
tho (to your prayse) more dainty indeede then your
fellowes. 1671 H. M. tr. Zrasm. Collog. 72 If rich men
shall fare somewhat dainty, 1873 Miss Broucnton Nancy
IIL. 144 So exceedingly fair and dainty wrought.
9. Comb., as dainty-chapped, -eared, -fingered,
-mouthed, -tongued, -toothed adjs.
1725 Bauey Erasm. Collog. (877) 42(D.) You *dainty-
chapped fellow, Us ag to be fed with hay, 1549 Lati-
MER FA Serm. uy. . VI (Arb.) 90 marg., How tender
and *deynety eared men of these days be. 1713 Rowe
‘ane Shore 1. i, This tough impracticable Heart sg
y a*dainty-finger’d Girl. 1530 Patscr. 309/2 ty
mouthed, /riant, — Austin Medit. (1635) 233 They
are so *daintie-T that their Company is too costly.
1577 tr. Bullinger Decades (1592) 154 Let euery young man
bee. .not licorish lipped, nor *dainty toothed.
DAIRY.
+ Dainty (déZ‘nti), v. Obs, rare. [f. prec. sb.
or adj.) ¢vans. With up: To pamper or indulge
with dainties. is
1622 H. Sypennam Serm, Sol. Occ, (1637) 108 So that
deny Mad. Dtvblays 5 Ae = Or sh aed
. ie
us up with all the meekness in 7 Eso
Dair, Dairt, obs. forms of Darr, Darr.
Dairawe, Daired: see Day-.
|| Dairi (dairz). Also 7 dayro. [Japanese, f.
Chinese daz great + 77 within.] In Japan, properly
the palace or court of the Mikado: ss Sy a Tespect-
ful mode of speaking of the mikado or emperor.
Hence Dairi-sama, /it. lord of the dairi or
palace, an appellation of the Mikado,
1662 g: Davies tr. Mandelslo’s Trav. E. Ind. 184 That
great State hath always been govern’d by a Monarch,
whom, in their Lan; e they call Dayro, 1780 Phil.
Trans. LXX. App. e were not allowed to see the
Dairi, or ecclesiastical emperor.
Dairy (dé‘ri), ss. Forms: 3 deierie, 4 dayerie,
dayry, 5 deyery, deyry, 6 deirie, dary, //.
deyris, dayres, 6-7 deyrie, dayery(e, dery,
dayrie, dairie, 7 daery, darie, dayry, 7- dairy.
E. deterie, etc., f. dete, deye, Dry female servant,
airy-maid + -erze, -ERY 2, suffix of Romanic origin.
The dai-ry is thus the place where the function of
the dey is performed: cf. dey-woman, -house.]
1. A room or building in which milk and cream
are kept, and made into butter and cheese. b.
Sometimes in towns the name is assumed by a shop
in which milk, cream, etc. are sold.
c12ag0 S. Eng. Leg. 1. 192/14 Hire deierie was euere of
chese and botere bar and swipe lene. /d7d., For nas
in pe deierie nou3t adel of none 3wite. c 1386 CHaucer
Wife's T. 15 Thropes, beernys, shipnes, ig ©1440
Promp. Parv. 117 Deyrye, vaccaria. 1577 B. Goocr
Heresbach's Husb. 1. (1586) 3 As my Foldes..or my Dayrie
and Fishpondes wyl yeelde. 1621 B. Jonson Gifsies
Metamorph. Wks. (Rtldg.) 624/1 To Roger or Mary Or
Peg of the vag & ag Tuomson Summer 262 Some
[insects] to the house, The fold, and dairy, hungry, bend
1837 Howitt Kur. Life vi. sp The elegant
their flight.
dairy for the supply of milk and cream, curds and butter.
2. That department of farming, or of ——
farm, which is concerned with the production of
milk, butter, and cheese. Hence, sometimes ap-
plied to the milch cows on a farm collectively.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Prol. 597 His lordes scheep, his meet,
and hi pea His swyn, his hors, his stoor, and his
pultrie, Was holly in this reeves gree e. 1673 TEMPLE
Trade in Ireland Wks. 1773 111. 22 Grounds were turned
much in England from ing either to feeding or dairy.
1779 H. Swixsurne Spain xxxviii. (R.), The lar; oe of
cows established here by the present ge 2 1814 Jane West
A. de Lacy Ul. 238 e , .troopers. .drove our good
cow-dairy. 1882 Somerset Co. Gaz. 18 Mar., Dairy of 12 or
16 cows to be let. 1888 E.wortuy W. Somerset Word-bk.,
Dairy, the milking cows belonging to any farm or
3. A dairy-farm.
1562 Puaer ineid. 1x. Aaijb, Stormy showres and
winds about mens deiries houling. 1504 Norven Sfec,
Brit., Essex (Camden) 8 In Tendring hundred wher are
manie wickes or dayries, a@1661 Futter Worthies u. 14,
The Goodnesse of the Earth, abounding with i bas
Pasture, 1769 De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. 11. 41 All the lower
Part of this County. .is full of large feeding Farms, which
we call Dairies; and the Cheese they make is excellent.
A. attrib. and Comb., as dairy-cabin, -country,
-damsel, -pail, -society, -ware, -wench, -wife, -work,
etc. ; dairy-fed adj.; dairy-farm, a farm chiefly
devoted to the production of milk, butter, and
cheese; so dairy-farmer, -farming ; dairy-
grounds, cow-pastures ; dairy-school, a technical
school for teaching dairy-work or dairy-farming ;
who manages a dairy.
1797 Mrs. Ravcurre /talian xiii, It was a * bin
belonging to some shepherds.
Children in *Dayrie Countries doe waxe more tall, t
where they feed more upon Bread, and Flesh, 1818 Scott
Hrt. Midl. xii, The yet more cor e *dairy-damsel.
Jbid. ix, To employ them as a “dairy-farmer, or cowfeeder,
as they are led in Ss. R Handy
: his *
nee ha dae eile Bring home tocrease of silk. "3
PatscR 212/1 *Dayrie meterie. po aes 25 Mar.
278/2 They will. .establi og happeceee over England.
Farmer's Gaz. 4 Jan. 5/2 numerous ng A
ties in America. jam 4 i pny d (1816) 6x Having
a store of *dairy ware, he reso vo make 0 Sieeaaee
or cream
ag merle dem Drie ta: for exeam and
1 mad for 1609 Ev.
en O, Pi, IV, I shall goe to
*Darie woman. 1841
pratt Fuh Shows ¢ I. 230 Bring
us home a box of butter, if -woman —
1748 Ricnarpson Clarissa (1811) IIT. ix. 67, 1 +. ad-
mired them in their “dairy- 1890 Harmer’s Gas.
4 Jan. 5/2 Asa dairy work.
Dairy, v. rare. [f. Damy sb] trans. To
keep or feed (cows) for the dairy.
v7ho A. Younc Tour Irel. Il. ya The — oes
Those Nasty ot a sitter quality are employed in the
dairying of cows. suis
DAIRY-HOUSE.
Dai'ry-house. A house or building used as
a dairy; = Darry 56, 1; the house of a dairy-man.
1530 Pascr. 212/2 Deyrie house, meterie. 1616 SurFL.
& Markn. Country Farme 16 You shall haue a Dairie-
house or small vaulted Roome Epa and lying slope-wise
..to serue for the huswifes Dairie. 1741 RicHARDSON
Panzela II, ror You’d better see her now-and-then at the
Dairy-house or at School.
iryi (déerijin). [f. Dairy v. + -1nG1.]
The business or management of a dairy; the pro-
duction of milk and manufacture of butter and
' cheese ; dairy-farming.
1649 Burne Eng. Improv. Impr.'To Rdr., To shew the
way of Cow-keeping, Dayrying, or raising most Cheese and
Butter. 1893 ween 25 Mar. 478/2 They have the subject of
dairying and dairy schools very much at heart.
b. attrib.
1784 Twamiey Dairying 8 In a considerable Dairying
Country. 1 Times 22 Feb. 7/3 The improvement and
extension of the dairying industry.
i aid (déerimzid). A female servant
employed in a dairy.
1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. wv. i, Now I would be an
empresse; and by and by a duchess; then a great lady..
then a deyrie maide. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 530 P 2
He has married a dairy-maid. 1879 J. WRIGHTSON Dairy
Husb. in Cassell’s Techn. Educ. 1V. 246/2 When the butter
falls from side to side in a compact lump the dairy-maid
knows that her work approaches completion.
Dairyman (dé«rimén). A man who manages,
or is employed in, a dairy. b. A man engaged in
the sale of milk and other dairy produce.
1784 Twamtey Dairying 58 An object not unworthy
a Dairy-man’s notice. 1813 L. Ricumonp (¢i¢/e), The Dairy-
man’s daughter. 1882 Somerset Co. Gaz. 18 Mar., Wanted,
a steady young man as Dairyman.
Dairy-woman: see Dairy 4.
Dais (déis, déztis). Forms: 3-5 deys, 3-6
deis, 4-5 des, 4-6 dese, dece, deyse, dees, 5
deise, deesse, 5-6 dess(e, deas(e, 6 deasse,
dysse, Sc. deiss, deische, 8-g Sc. deas, 4, 8-9
dais. [a. OF. dezs (later dots), mod.F. (from
Picard dial.) dais=Pr. des, It. desco:—L. disc-um
(nom, discus) quoit, disk, dish, in late L. table.
The sense-development has been ‘table, high table (in-
cluding its platform), the raised end of the hall occupied by
the high fable and used for other purposes of distinction,
the canopy covering this’: the latter being only in modern
French, and thence in Eng. The word died out in Eng.
about 1600, but was retained in Sc. in sense 33 its recent
revival, chiefly since 1800, in sense 2, is due to historical and
antiquarian writers; it appears in no Eng. dicts. until
Worcester 1846, Craig 1847. Always a monosyllable in Fr.,
and in Eng. where retained as a living word ; the dissyllabic
pronunciation is a ‘shot’ at the word from the spelling.]
1, +a. A raised table in a hall, at which dis-
tinguished persons sat at feasts, etc.; the high
table. (Often including the platform on which it
was raised : see next sense.) Ods. since 1600.
@ 1259 Matt. Paris Vitae Abbatun S. Alb. in Walsingham
(Rolls) I. 521 Priore prandente ad magnam mensam quam
‘Deis’ vulgariter appellamus. 1297 R. Grouc. (Rolls) 1107
Vort hii come vp to fe deis. @1300 Cursor M. 12560 (Cott.
Ne brek pair brede, ne tast pair mes, Til he war cummen til
pair des. c1350 Will. Palerne 4564 Pe semli segges were
sette in halle, Pe real rinkes bi reson at be heije dese, and
alle oper afterward on be side benches. ¢1450 Henryson
Mor. Fab. 10 So that Good-will bee caruer at the Dease.
cxgoeo in Arnolde Chron. (1811) 241 Syttyng at the hygh
dees: My Lord of Ely in the myddes. 1535 Stewart Croz.
Scot. 11. 395 Quhair that he sat into his stait royall, With
mony ding lord sittand at his deische. @1575 Wife lapped
in Morrelles Skin 312 in Hazl. Z. P. P. WV. 193 The Bride
was set at the hye dysse. .
+b. To begin the dais: to take the chief seat,
or preside, at a feast: see Becin v1 5. Also Zo
hold the dais in same sense. Oés.
1297 R. Gtouc. (Rolls) 7166 He ber be croune & huld be
deis mid ober atil also. cx320 Sir Beues 2123 Pow schelt
pis dai be priour And be-ginne oure deis. c 1430 Syr Tryam.
1636 Quene gy dag began the deyse, Kyng Ardus, wyth
owtyn lees, Be hur was he sett. ¢1440 Partonopfe App.
7210 (Roxb.) Next the Quene he began the deyse.
2. The raised platform at one end of a hall for
the high table, or for seats of honour, a throne, or
the like: often surmounted bya canopy. Odés. since
¢ 1600, until revived ¢ 1800 in historical and sub-
sequently in current use.
In earlier times sometimes ss meaning a bench or seat
of honour upon the raised platform: cf. sense 3.
c12go S. ng Leg. 1. 361/71 On pe heize deis him sette,
mete and drinke he him af. ¢ 1300 A. Adis. 1039 Spoused
scheo is, and set on deys. c1325 Z. £. Addit. P. B. 38 He
were sette solempnely in a sete ryche, Abof dukes on dece,
with dayntys serued. ¢1386 Cuaucer Merch. T. 467 And
atte fest sittith he and sche With othir worthy folk upon
the deys. ¢1450 St. Cuthbert 3049 He satt doune opon be
dese, 50x Dovucias Pal. Hon, u. xly, Tho I saw our
ladyis twa and twa Sittand on deissis, 1513 BrapsHAW
St. Werburge 1. 1625 Quer the hye desse..Where the sayd
thre kynges sate crowned all. 1575 Lanenam Let, (1871)
41 A doouty Dwarf too the vppermost deas Right peartl
gan prik, and, kneeling on knee..Said ‘hail, syr king’.
1778 Pennant Tour in Wales (1883) I. 13 The great. .hall
is..furnished with the high Dazs, or elevated upper end,
11
college halls. 1860 Emerson Cond. Life, Behaviour Wks.
(Bohn) II. 386 The grandee took his place on the dais.
b. By extension: The platform of a lecture
hall; the raised floor on which the pulpit and
communion table stand in some places of worship.
1888 Nature 26 Jan. 299/t As a lecturer he was not
brilliant ; he appeared shy and nervous when on the dais.
1893 Newsfr. A Flower Service was held in the church;
the pulpit and dais were tastefully decorated.
3. In some early examples (chiefly northern) it
appears to have the sense ‘seat, bench’; so in Sc.
a. ‘A long board, seat, or bench, erected against
a wall’, a settle; also, ‘a seat on the outer side of
a country house or cottage’. b. A seat, bench, or
pew inachurch. (Jamieson.) Chamber of dais:
see CHAMBER 5, I1.
1330 Syr Degarre 765 Amidde the halle flore A fir was
bet stark and store: He sat adoun upon the dais, And
warmed him wel eche wais.
ai Fercusson Farmer’s Ingle (1845) 38 In its auld
lerroch yet the deas remains, Where the guidman aft streeks
him at his ease. 17.. Jamieson Pop. Ball. (1806) I. 211
(Jam.) The priest afore the altar stood,—The Mer-man he
stept o’er ae deas, And he has steppit over three. 1818
Scotr Hrt. Midd. xviii, The old man was seated on the
deas, or turf-seat, at the end of his cottage. 1832-53
Whistle-binkie (Sc. Songs) Ser. 11. 73 Last Sunday, in your
faither’s dais, I saw thy bloomin’ May-morn face. 1872
E. W. Rosertson Hist. Ess. 107 The chamber of Deese,
the best room in the farmhouse of a certain class.
4. t¢ransf. (from 2) A raised platform or terrace
of any kind; e.g. in the open air.
1861 N. A. Woops Prince of Wales in Canada 341
A noble and lofty flight of steps—those daises of architecture
which ..add .. to the grand and imposing effect of lofty
facades. 1884 C. Rocers Soc. Life Scot. I. ix. 378 On the
slopes of ancient daisses or hill terraces.
fa [after mod.Fr—not an Eng. sense.] ‘The
canopy over a throne or chair of state.
1863 THornsury True as Steel 1. 147 The Bishop. .occu-
pied with bland dignity the chief throne under the dais.
1866 Village on Clif iii, An old dais of Queen Anne’s time
still hung over his doorway.
Dais, Sc. pl. of Daw, Dor.
Daise, obs. form of Dazr.
Daisied (déi-zid), 2. Also 7 dazied. [f. Daisy
+-ED 2.] Adorned with or abounding in daisies.
(Chiefly foezzc.)
r6rx SHaks. Cy, 1. ii. 398 Let vs Finde out the prettiest
Dazied Plot we can. ¢1720 Gay Dione 1.iv, Daisy’d lawns.
1883 ae 'D Kev. June 862 Beneath the daisied turf.
Daisle, Daisterre, obs. ff. DazzLE, Day-sTar.
Daisy (dézi). Forms: 1 degeseze, -eaze,
3-4 dayes-eje, -eghe, 4"dayesye, -eye, 4-5
daysye, 4-7 daysie, daisie, (5 4/7. dayses), 5-6
daysy, 6 deysy, dasye, dasey, dayzie, 6-7 dasy,
7 days-eye, dazy, -ie, (f/. dayzes, Sc. desie,
deasie), 7-8 daizy, 6- daisy. [OE. dwzes cage
day’s eye, eye of day, in allusion to the appearance
of the flower, and to its closing the ray, so as to
conceal the yellow disk, in the evening, and open-
ing again in the morning.]
1. The common name of ellis perennis, N.O.
Compositx, a familiar and favourite flower of the
British Isles and Europe generally, having small
flat flower-heads with yellow disk and white ray
(often tinged with pink), which close in the evening;
it grows abundantly on grassy hills, in meadows,
by roadsides, etc., and blossoms nearly all the year
round ; many varieties are cultivated in gardens.
cxo00 AiLrric Gloss. in Wr.-Wiilcker 135/22 Consolda,
degesege. c1000 Sax. Leechd. Il. 292 zearwe, and fif-
leafe, daezesege, and synnfulle. a 1310 in Wright Lyric P.
xiii, 43 Dayes-e3es in thio dales, ¢1385 CHaucer L.G.W.
Prol. 43 Of al the floures in the mede, Thanne love I most
these floures white and rede, Suche as men callen daysyes.
Ibid. 184 Wele by reson men it calle may The dayeseye, or
ellis the eye of day. ¢ 1450 Crt. of Love xv, Depeinted won-
derly, With many a thousand daisies, rede as rose, And
white also. 1579 SreNsER Sheph. Cal. June 6 The grassye
ground with daintye Daysies dight. 1588 Suaxs. Z.Z.L.
v. ii. 904 Daisies pied and Violets blew. 1625 Bacon
Ess. Gardens (Arb.) 556 For March, There come Violets. .
The Yellow Daffadill; The Dazie. 1710 Avpison Tatler
No, 218 Pg Visits to a Spot of Daizies, or a Bank of Violets.
1803 LeyDENn Scenes of Inf. 1,291 When evening brings the
merry folding hours, And sun-eyed daisies close their winkin
flowers. 1833 Marryat P. S7mfle xxxv, She was as fres!
as a daisy. 186r Detamer 7. Gard. 81 There are
Quilled, Double, and Proliferous or Hen-and - Chicken
Daisies.
b. Cf. Datsy-currer 1.
1847 W, Irvine Life § Lett. (1864) IV. 28 My horse, now
and then cuts daisies with me when I am on his back.
2. Applied to other plants with similar flowers
or growing in similar situations. a. s¢mply. In
N. America, the Ox-eye Daisy, Chrysanthemum
Leucanthemum (see b); in Australia, various
Composite, esp. Vitadenia and Brachycome iberidt-
folia; in New Zealand, the genus Lagenophora.
b. With qualifications, as African Daisy, Athan-
asia ; Blue Daisy, (a) the Sea Starwort ;
and its long table for the lord and his jovial
31820 Scotr /vanhoe iii, For about one quarter of the length
of the-apartment, the floor was raised by a step, and this
space, which was called the dais, was occupied only by the
peace! members of the family. 1840 ArNoLp Hist. Rome
I, 459 Like the dais or upper part of our old castle and
(6) the genus Glodularia; Bull D. = Ox-eye D.;
| Butter D., locally applied to the Buttercup, and
to the Ox-eye Daisy; Christmas D., several
| Species of Aster, esp. A. grandiflorus; Dog D. =
DAKER-HEN.
Ox-eye D.; Globe D., the genus Glodularia ;
Great D., Horse D., Midsummer D., Moon D.
=Ox-eye D.; Marsh D.=Sea D.; Michaelmas
D., various cultivated species of Aster which
blossom about Michaelmas; also applied to the
wild Aster Trifolium; Ox-eye Daisy, Chrysan-
themum Leucanthemum, a common plant in
meadows, with flowers resembling those of the
common daisy but much larger, on tall stiff stalks ;
Sea Daisy, Thrift, Avrmeria maritima. (See Treas.
Bot., and Britten & Holland Lng. Plant-n.)
@ 1387 Sinon. Barthol.(Anecd. Oxon.) 16 Consolida ntedia,
grete dayeseghe. 1578 Lyte Dodoens u1. xix. 169 There be
two kindes of Daysies, the great and the small. /dzd. m1.
xxxiii. 364 Some call it blew Camomil or blew Dasies. 1794
Martyn Rousseau’'s Bot. xxvi. 396 The Ox-eye Daisy,
a plant common among standing grass in meadows. 1838
Scrore Deerstalking 388 Even the highest hills. .are scat-
tered over with the sea daisy and other plants. 1861 Miss
Pratr Flower. Pi, 111. 286 (Sea-Starwort)..Country people
call it Blue Daisy. ait
3. A species of sea-anemone (Actinza dellis),
ne Lewes Sea-side Stud. Index.
+4. Asa term of admiration. Oés.
c1485 Dighy Myst. (1882) ut. 515 A dere dewchesse, my
daysyys Iee! ax605 Montcomerie Misc. Poems (1887)
xxxix. 1, Adeu, O desie of delyt.
5. slang. (chiefly U.S.). A first-rate thing or
person ; also as aay. First-rate, charming.
1757 Foote Author u. Wks. 1799 I. 148 Oh daisy ; that’s
charming. 1886 Mrs. Burnetr Little Ld, Fauntleroy
xv. (1887) 263 ‘She’s the daisiest gal I ever saw! She’s —-
well, she’s just a daisy, that’s what she is.’ 1888 Denver
Republican May (Farmer), Beyond compare a pugilistic
daisy. 1889 Boston (Mass.) Frnud. 22 Mar. 2/3 In a new
book upon ‘ Americanisms,’ some of the less familiar are ..
daisy, for anything first-rate.
6. attrib. or as adj. Resembling a daisy.
.@1605 Montcomerte Well of Love 41 Hir deasie colour,
rid and vhyte. 16x11 Barkstep //irex (1876) 83, I sweare
by this diuine white daizy-hand. 1854-6 ParmorE Avged ix
fo. 1, 1. iv, She Whose daisy eyes had learned to droop.
7. Comb., as daisy-bud, -flower, -head, -lawn,
-root ; daisy-dappled, -diapered, -dimpled, -painted,
-spangled adjs.; daisy-like adj.; daisy anemone
=sense 3; daisy-bush, a New Zealand shrub of
the genus O/earia ; daisy-chain, a chain of daisies
sewed or fastened together, made by children in
play; daisy-leaved a., having leaves like those
of the daisy.
1857 Woop Commt. Ob. Sea Shore vi. 114 A bad-tempered
*Daisy Anemone (Actinia bellis), which lived in a cave ..
and did not approve of intrusion. 1841 Lytton wV¢. & Aforn.
1.ix, I never walk out in the fields, nor make *daisy-chains.
1896 Fitz-Grrrrey Sir /. Drake (1881) 81 The *daysie-
diap’red bankes. 1845 Hirst Poemts 54 Over *daisy-dimpled
meadows. 1887 Sir W. G. Simpson Art of Golf gt One
sweeps off *daisy heads with a walking-stick. 1796
Wirnerinc Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 577 *Daisie-leaved
Lady smock. 1796 T. TowNsHEND Poems 20 The *daisy-
painted green. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 354 Boyling of *Dasie-
Roots in Milk. 1813 SHELLEY Q. M/aé vii. 82 The *daisy-
spangled lawn.
Dai'sy, v. vare. [f. prec. sb.] ¢vans. To cover
or adorn with daisies.
1767 G. S. Carey fills of Hybla 8 When fertile nature
dasy’d ev’ry hill. 1831 E. Taytoxr Remembrance 29 ‘The
earth we tread shall be daisied o’er.
Dai‘sy-cutter. [/7. ‘cutter of daisies’: see
Daisy sé. 1 b.]
1, A horse that in trotting lifts its feet only very
slightly from the ground.
1791 *G. GamBapo’ Ann. Horse. xvi. (1809) 129, I luckily
picked up a Daisy-cutter, by his throwing me down on the
smoothest part of the grass. 1847 Youatt Horse iv. 87
The careless daisy-cutter, however pleasant on the turf,
should..be avoided. 1867 REeape Griffith Gaunt (1889) 5
Daisy-cutters were few in those days.
2. Cricket and Base-ball. A ball so bowled or
batted as to skim along the surface of the ground.
1889 ‘Mark Twain’ Vankee at Crt. K. Arthur (Tauchn.)
II. 226 I’ve seen him catch a daisy-cutter in his teeth. 1891
Farmer Slang Dict., Datsy-cutter, a ball which travels
more than half the ‘ pitch’ along the ground without rising ;,
a ‘sneak’,
So Dai‘sy-cutting v0/. sb. and f#/. a. ;
1827 Hone Every-day Bk. 11. 461 Nimble daisy-cutting
nags. 1837 T. Hoox Fack Brag i, None of your bowling-
green, daisy-cutting work for us. 1875 ‘STONEHENGE’
Brit. Sports u. ui. i. § 3. 502 The .. low daisy-cutting form
which suits the smooth turf of our race-courses.
Dait, obs. form of Dare.
Dak: see Dawk.
Daker. Also daiker, dakir. [a. OF. dacre,
dakere, med.L. dacra; see DicKER.] Variant of
DIckeER, a set of ten.
1531 Aberdeen Burgh Rec. xu. 248 The dakir of hidis.
1597 SKENE De Verd. Sign. s.v. Serplaith, Ten hides makis
ane daiker, and twentie daiker makis ane last. 1753 Mart-
Lanp fist. Edin, 111, 248 For every Daker of Hides landed
at Leith—8 pennies. 1866 Rocers Agric. §& Prices I. 171
The dicker or daker was..a measure for hides and gloves. -
Daker, var. of DACKER.
Daker-hen. dia/. [Connexion has been sug-
gested with DAIKER v., and with Flem. daeckeren
* volitare, motari, mobilitare, et coruscare’ (Kilian).
But no such name appears to be applied to the
bird in Flanders.] The Corn-crake or Land-rail.
2*-2
DAL.
sage Exvor Bibl., Crex, a certaine birde, whiche semeth
i le to be that whiche in some places is called
a Daker hen. 1678 Ray fnsae ge fy Ornith. 170 The Rail
or Daker-hen. 1766 Pennant Zood. (1768) II. 387. 1789 G.
Wurre Selborne (1853) 347 A man brought mea -rail or
daker-hen. 1869 Z Gloss., Daker-hen, the corn-crake.
Dakoit, etc, : see Dacor, etc.
| Dal (dal). Anglo-Jnd. Forms: 7-9 dol(l, 9
dhal, age dal(l. [Hindi da/ split pulse :—
Skr. dala, f. dal to split.] The pulse obtained
from some leguminous plants, chiefly from the
Cajan, Cajanus indicus, extensively used as an
article of food in the East Indies.
1698 Fryer Acc. E. India 101 (Y.) At their orga,
out of the Water they bestow the largess of Rice or i
(an Indian Bean). 1727 Hamitton New Acc. £. Ind. I. xiv.
161 Doll and Rice being mingled together and boyled, make
Kitcheree, the common Food of the Country. 1866 7yeas,
Bot. 189 Cajanus indicus. .In India the pulse is called Dhal
or Dhol or Urhur, and [is] ranked as third in value among
the pulses. 1883 F. M. Crawrorp Mr. [saacs v. 87
A mouthful of dal to keep his wretched old body alive.
Dal: see Date, Dear, Doe.
|| Dalai, Dalai-lama: see Lama.
Dalder, obs. form of DoLLar.
Dale ! (dé'l). Forms: 1-3 deel, 1-4 dal, 3-
dale ; also 3 deale, 4 dalle, 5 dall, daile, daylle,
6 daill. [OE. del, gen. dvles, dat. dele, pl. dalu,
dalo, neuter; Com. Teut. = OS. da/, OFris. del,
deil, MDu, and Du. da/, all neuter, OHG., MHG.
tal, masc. and n., Ger. thal n., LG. dal, dal, Goth.
daln., ON. dalr m. (Sw., Da. dal) :—OTeut. dalo-mt,
dalo-z, of which the root-meaning appears to be
‘deep or low place’: cf. Goth. dalap down, dalapa
below. As used in ME. the native word appears
to have been reinforced from Norse, for it is in
the north that the word is a living geographical
name.
As to the final e in Ormin’s dale, see Sachse Unorganische
E im Orrm, 22. ‘The form deales pl. in Ancren Riwle is
difficult to explain.]
1, A valley. In the northern counties, the usual
name of a river-valley between its enclosing ranges
of hills or high land. In geographical names,
e.g. Clydesdale, A dale, Borrowdale, Dovedale,
it extends from Lanarkshire to Derbyshire, and even
farther south, but as an appellative it is more or
less confined to the district from Cumberland to
Yorkshire. In literary English chiefly poetical,
and in the phrases Az// and dale, dale and down.
¢ 893 K. A“LrreD Ors. 1. iii, Paes dzles se d#l se pet flod
ne grette ys syt to-deg wastmberende on zlces cynnes
bladuin. cx1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 37 Hwile uppen cliues
and hwile in be dales. c 1200 OrM1N 9203 Nu sket shall illc
an dale beon all he3edd upp & filledd. -— sid. 14568,
& coude & feld, & dale & dun. c 1205 Lay. - 4 Heocomen
--in ane dale deope. ax1zas Ancr. R. 282, sf deales..pu
makest wellen uorto springen, a@1300 Cursor M. 22532-4
(Cott.) Al pis werld bath dale and dune. .Pe dals up-rise, be
fells dun fall. ¢ 1386 CHaucer Sir Thopas 85 By dale and
eek by doune. ¢ 1440 Promp, Parv. 112 Dale, or vale,
vallis, @ 1533 Lp. Berners Huon xxi, 60 They.. rode by
hylles and dales. 1 Bk. Discipl. Ch. Scot. v. ii. § 10
Galloway, Carrick, Niddisdaill, Annanderdaill, with the rest
of the Daillis in the West. 16x1 Biste Gen. xiv. 17 The
valley of Shaveh, which is the Kings dale [1885 2. V’. vale].
1727-46 THOMSON Sumner 1271 Where, winded into pleasing
solitudes, Runs out the rambling dale. 1806 Gazetteer Scot.
(ed. 2) 343 Lindithgowshire..Its surface is finely diversified
with hill and dale. 1820 Worpsw. Scenery of Lakes (1822)
62 That part of these Dales which runs up far into the
mountains, beg Tennyson Jn Mem. Concl., Till over
down and over dale All night the shining vapour sail. 1876
Whitby Gloss. 50/2 Around Whitby all the valleys are
‘dales’.. There are many smaller dales into which the
larger are divided. ‘ Deealheead’ is the upper portion of
the vale ; ‘ Deeal end’ being the lower part.
cxago Cen, § Ex. 19 Dan man hem telled sode tale .. Of
blisses dune, of sorwes dale. a1340 Hamrote Psalter xxiii.
3 Falland down agayn til be dale of synn. — Pr», Consc.
1044 Twa worldes .. An es pis dale, whar we er wonnand.
a 1661 Futcer in Spurgeon 7 reas. Dav. Ps. cxxi. 1 Viewing
the deep dale of thy own unworthiness,
+2. A hole in the ground, a hollow, pit, gulf.
Cf, DELL 1. Obs.
a 800 Corpus Gloss. 274 Baratrum, dx\ [Leiden dal).
«1000 Czdmon's Gen, 421 On dat deope dal deofol atelds
c — Pallad. on Husé, xi. 481 Ther thay stonde a dale
make, and drenche hem therin, 1489 Caxton Faytes oA.
1, xxv. 78 Dyches or dales or euyll pathes.
3. attrib. and Comé., as dale furze; dale-end,
the lower end of a dale; dale-head, the head of
a dale or valley; dale-land, ‘the lower and arable
ground of a district’ (Jamieson); dale-lander,
*-man, ‘ an inhabitant of the lower ground’ (Jam.) ;
dale-backed a., hollow in the back (as a horse),
1676 Lond, Gaz. No. 1078/4 Lost..a brown bay Nag..
a little dale backt, Vancouenn Agric. Devon (1813)
aso The... d le furze blooming in the autumn,
3876 [see sense x
Dale? (dé). Also Sc. dail(l. [The northern
phonetic variant of DoLe :—OE. dd/ part, portion,
division, allotment, dealing, dole; cf. northern Aa/e,
stane = standard Eng. whole, stone. Used esf. in
the following senses; for others see Douz.]
1, A portion or share of land ; spec. a share of a |.
12
common field, or portion of an undivided field in-
dicated by landmarks but not divided off.
_ ¢ 1241 Newminster Cartul, (1878) 87, j acram at | rodam
in campo del West in duas mikel dales quas Rob. fil.
Stephani et Sywardus quondam tenuerunt. 1531 Déad. ou
Laws Eng. \. xxx. (1638) 53 The g suffereth a y
«. by the name of a rent in Dale of a like sum as, etc. 1735
N. Riding Rec. 1X. 157 All the..closes, inclosures, dales
and p of bl ey dow and ture ground
chemen belonging. 1820 Worpsw. Scenery of Lakesii. (1823)
43-4 The le and meadow land of the vales is posse:
in common fields ; the several portions being marked out by
stones, bushes, or trees; which ions .. to this day are
called Dales. Lance. Gloss., Dae (local), an unseparated
portion of a field. .often unmarked, or only shown by stakes
in the hedge and stones at the corners of the dale. ‘A dale
rss about a quarter of an acre on Black Moss belongs to this
farm.
+ 2. Dealing; having to do with; business. Sv.
Obs.
¢ 1375 Barsour Troy-bk. 11.2839 Cume and ly heire besyde
me now, So bat I may haf dale with pe. 1469 Act. Audit.
9 (Jam.) He sall hafe na dale nor entermeting tharwith in
tyme tocum. 1513 Dovctas 4neis xu. iv. 161 All to 3yng
wyth sic ane to haue daill [1553 dale]. 1535 Stewart Cron.
Scot. III. 302 That he wald get the best part of the daill.
1592 Sc. Acts Fas. VI (1814) 544 The successioun proceding
that pretendit mariage or carnal] daill.
Dale (dz). Also 7 daile, 8, 9 dail, (dill).
[Corresponds in sense 1 to LGer. and Du. daa/;
also to F. dad/e, which is also used for a conduit-tube
of wood or metal used in various technical pro-
cesses, Sp., Pg., It. da/a, ai also adala, Accord-
ing to Littré dal/e in Picard is also a kitchen-sink ;
and Cotgr. has ‘ da//e,a sewer or pit whereinto the
washings, dishwater,and other such ordure of houses
are conueyed’. See Littré and Diez.]
1. A wooden tube or trough for carrying off water,
as from a ship’s pump; a pump-dale.
1611 Cotcr., Escoursouér, the dale of a (ships) pumpe,
whereby the water is passed out. 1627 Capt. Smitu Sea-
man's Gram. ii. 8 The daile is a trough wherein the water
doth runne ouer the Deckes. 1800 S. Stanpipce in Naval
Chron. III. 472 They pumping the water into a pump dill.
c1850 Rudin, Navig. (Weale) 139 Pump dales, pipes fitted
to the cisterns, to convey. .water. .through the ship's sides.
2. An outlet drain in the Fen district.
1851 Frul. R. Agric. Soc. X11. u. 304 When those fens
were first embanked and drained, narrow tracts, called
‘dales’, or washes, were left open to the river .. Every dis-
trict, with its frontage of dales, is tolerably well drained.
Dale: see Drat,
Dale v., northern form of DoLE v.
Daleir, obs. form of Dotuar.
Dalesman (dé‘lzmén). [= dale’s man from
Date!.] A native or inhabitant of a dale; es,
of the dales of Cumberland, Westmorland, York-
shire, and adjacent northern counties of England.
1769 Gray Frul. in Lakes Wks, 18841. 257 A little path..
assable to the Dale’s-men. 1813 Scotr Nokedy m. ii, In
edesdale his youth had heard Each art her wily dalesmen
dared. 1848 Macautay //ist, Eng. 1. 285 Even after the
accession of George the Third, the path over the fells from
Borrowdale to Ravenglas was still a secret carefully kept by
the dalesmen.
So Da‘lesfolk, Da‘lespeople, Da‘leswoman.
1863 Mary Howitt F. Bremer’s Greece 1, 224 Our dales-
folk of Mora. 1886 Hatt Caine Sox of Hagar 1. ii, There
is a tough bit of Toryism in the grain of these Northern
dalesfolk, 1883 F. A. Matteson Wordsw. §& Duddon in
Gd. Words, The dreary wastes of Wrynose, which the
dalespeople call Wreyness. 1892 Mrs. H. Warv David
Grieve 1. v. 362 Her daleswoman's self-respect could put up
with him no longer.
Dalf(e, obs. pa. t. of DELVE.
Daliance, dalie, obs. ff. DALLIANCE, DALLY.
DALLY.
+ Dalle!, Oés. vave—'. [app. an infantile word.
Cf. Dappix.] The hand.
e Ti Myst. (Surtees) 118 Haylle! furthe
thy dalle, Tteymg the bots bale ae
|| Dalle2 (dal). [Fr., in both senses,
_ It is probable that the two senses are really distinct words;
in sense 2, the F. word is the same as DALE‘; in sense 1
Hatzfeld nope connexion with Ger. diede, board, Dea.)
1. A flat slab of stone, marble, or terra cotta, used
for flooring; sfec. an ornamental or coloured slab
for pavements in churches, etc. ;
Ecclesiologist XV1. 200 The choir, the chapels. . were
paved with A aed dalles. — ( ally b
. pl. e name given (originally by French
Pad 2c of the Hudson's Bay Company) in the
Western U.S. to rapids where the rivers are com-
pressed into long narrow trough-like channels.
1884 Harper's Mag. Feb. 364/1 The Columbia River is
there. .compressed into ‘dalles’, or long, narrow, and broken
troughs, 1890 M. Townsenp U.S. 137 The Dadles of the
Columbia, Oregon ; the Dadles of the Wisconsin, Minnesota.
Hence apteae ® r.], flooring with dalles.
. ae Elana VII. 57 In the dadiage the treatment
is archaic.
Daller, obs. form of Dotiar.
Dalliance (dz'liins). Forms: 4-6 dalyaunce,
daliaunce, 4-7 daliance, (5 -auns, -ans(e), 5-6
dalyance, 6 dally-, dalliaunce, 6- dalliance.
[f. Day v.+-ance: prob. formed in OFr. or
ne tee though not yet recorded.]
+1. Talk, confabulation, converse, chat ; usually
of a light or familiar kind, but also used of serious
conversation or discussion. Oés.
1340 Gaw. & Gr. Knt, 1012 Pur3 her dere dalyaunce of
her derne wordez. ¢1440 yl ae Parv, 112 Dalyaunce,
confabulacio, collocucio, colloquium. 1447 BoKENHAM
Seyntys (Roxb.) 162 Marthe fyrst met hym {enrist) .. And
hadde > a hym a song, atyaunes. 1496 Dives & Paup.
W. de W.) v1. xv. 259/1 Redynge & dalyaunce of holy wryt
< of holy mennes lyues.
2. Sport, play (with a companion or companions) ;
esp. amorous toying or caressing, flirtation ; often,
in bad sense, wanton toying.
¢1385 Cuaucer L. G. W, Prol. 332 (Cambr. MS.) For to
han with 30u sum dalyaunce. ‘<7 — Doctor's T. 66 At
festes, reueles, and at daunces, That ben occasiouns of
daliaunces. ¢1400 Maunpev.(Roxb.)xxvi. 124 Pai schall. .
ete and drinke and hafe dalyaunce with wymmen. a 1553
Upatt Royster D. ww. vi. (Arb.) 70 Dyd not I for the nonce
..Read his letter in a wrong sense for daliance? 1602
Suaks. Ham. 1. iii. 50 Whilst like a puft and recklesse
Libertine Himselfe the Primrose path of dalliance treads.
1738 Pore Odyss. vi. 348 The lewd dalliance of the queen
of love. 1742 FreLpinc fi Andrews m. vi, He, taking her
by the hand, began a dalliance, 1820 Scorr Monast. xxiv,
Julian .. went on with his dalliance with his fe
favourite. 1860 Motiry Nether?. (1868) I. vi. 346 The Earl's
courtship of Elizabeth was anything. . but a gentle dalliance,
3. Idle or frivolous action, trifling; playing or
trifling wth a matter.
1548 Brecon Solace of Soud Catechism (1844) 571 In health
and prosperity Satan's assaults seem to be but trifles and
Peg of dalliance. 1561 T. Norton Ca/lvin's Inst. ut. xii.
§ 1 When they come into the sight of God, such dalliances
must auoide, bicause there is .. no trifling strife aboute
wordes, 1627 F. E. Hist. Edw. 1 (1680) 16 Divine Justice,
who admits no dalliance with Oaths. 1641 Lett. in Sir J.
Temple /rish Redbell. u. 47 Now there is no iance with
them ; who. .decl. h 1 against the State. 1814
Worpsw. Excursion 1. Wks, (1888) 423/2 Men whose hearts
Could hold vain dalliance with the misery Even of the dead.
1843 Prescotr Mexico (1850) I. 63 He continued to live in
idle dalliance. eri A = bee P
+4. Waste of time in trifling, idle delay. Ods.
The first quot. prob. does not belong here: see Detay-
ANCE.
+Dalk!. Ods. [OE. dale, dolc, in ON. délkr. [ex340 Cursor M. 26134 (Fairf.), & for-bink his
A pin, brooch, clasp, buckle. ] dali (Cott, delaiance) pat for-drawen has is
¢ 1000 /Exrric Fosh, vii. 21 Ic zeseah sumne gild dale
on fiftigum entsum. ¢ 1000 AEtrric loc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 152
Fibula, n, uel oferfeng, uel dalc. ar100 A ax,
Voc. ibid. 313/22 Spinther, dolc, odde preon. Cath,
Angl. 89 A Dalke (or atache), firmaculum, firmatorium,
monile, 1488 Willin Ripon Ch. Acts 286 Unum portiferium
cum a dalk cum ymagine B. Maria.
+Dalk®, delk. 00s. exc. dial. [?dim. of
Date, DELL; cf. E.Fris. dé/ke small hollow, dimple,
dim. of dle excavation, hollow: see Kluge
Nominale St bild, 29.) A hole, hollow, de-
pression,
1325 Gloss. W. de Biblesw. in Wright Voc. 146 Au cool
troveret la fosset, a dalk in the nekke. 1340 Hampote Pr.
Consc. 6447 For als a dalk es even Imydward Pe yholke of
cage, when it es hard, Ryght swa es helle pitte.. Ymyddes
erthe. c 1420 Padlad. on Hus, 1. 607 Or brason scrapes
oute of everie dalke Hem scrape. c1440 Promp, Parv. 112
Dalke, wad/is. 1688 R. Hotme Armoury u. 85/1 The daulk
;-is..the Crown, or head of an apple, where the blossom
is. @1825 Forsy Voc, E. Anglia, Delk, a small cavi
the soil, in the flesh of the body, or in any surface wl
be to be quite level,
alk, in mining : see Dauk.
Dall, obs. Sc. spelling of Daw ».
(dee* taip). [f proper name ~
Datlas + Tyre.] (See quot.)
1875 D. C. Datas Circular, I have. . perfected the method
known as Dallastype—a process of Photographic E: ving
by which can be produced as Blocks for Surface Printing. .
ome of Wood-cuts, Type or MS. Matter. 1884 Academy
9 Feb. 94 The photographic process known as Dallastype.
¢. B Mor. Philos. fr.) v.
Death “iais* eH gee EF Grea or Aimed “igs
Saaps, Cant SPs 1v. i, 59 My businesse cannot brooke
Dallier (de«'lis:), Also 6 dalier. [f. Danny
v.+-ER1.] One who dallies: ea Y
peepee Shores
- ( id e ers.
1063 Gun. P, Tuompeon in Bradlord ddveriver'9 Oct. 6/%
‘I will go so far’, says the with evil ; and everybody
knows w! the dallier comes to,
Dallop, var. of Dotior.
Dally (deli),v. Forms: rit daly (e, dayly(e,
5 dallyn), 6 dalie, dallye, 6-7 dallie, 6- dally.
a. OF. dalier to converse, chat, pass one’s time in
ight social converse, etc.; common in rt
see Glossary to Boson (ed. P. Meyer). has
an instance of da//ier trans, to ‘ *] :
+1. intr. To talk or converse lightly or idly; to
tins Dysers dalye, reisons craken,
Gate § Gr. es tas Pay deonken & day ie dalten
1. Jéid. 1253 To daly with y you Syne
Tes. ¢ 1440 Promp. Parv.112 Dalyyn or talkyn, fabudor,
, colloguor. :
2. To act or speak sportively, make amuse
oneself; to toy, sport, play wth, esp. in way
of amorous caresses ; to flirt, wanton. ‘
‘Or,
¢ Pi Parv. Dallyn, or
las O- ‘romp. 112 yn,
Harvey Letter-dk. (Camden) ros you never see
DALLYING.
a flye in y°nighte Dally so longe with y® candle lighte. 1594
SHaAks. Rick 117, 1. iii. 265 Our Ayerie buildeth in the Cedars
top, And dallies with the winde. 1621-51 Burton Anat. Med.
1. il. 1v. 274 Little else.. but to dally with their cats. 1685
Roxb, Ball, Vil. 473, I have a Chamber here of my own,
Where we may kiss and dally alone, 1842 Tennyson Day
Dream, Revival iv, The chancellor. .dallied with his golden
chain, 1883 R. Noet in Academy No. 577. 365/3 Leaping |
lambs and lovers dallying. i
b. To play with a thing or subject which one
does not intend to take seriously ; to coquet, flirt,
esp. with temptation and the like.
1548 UDALL, etc. Zvasm. Par. Pref, 18 The auncient doc-
toures .. doe in expounyng the allegories, seme oft tymes to
playe and dalie with it. 1637 Mitton Lycidas 153 For, so
to interpose a little ease Let our frail thoughts dally with
false surmise. ~~ Rocers Naaman 167 Dally not with
her, as Eve with the serpent. 1774 FLercuer Vict. & Gen.
Creed viii. Wks. 1795 III. 343 When we dally with tempta-
tion, 1780 CowrerR 7 adle-t. 544 To dally arma with subjects
mean and low. 1855 Prescott Philip //, 1.11. xiii. 290 Men
--who.. had been led to dally with the revolution in its
infancy. -now turned coldly away.
3. To trifle wth a person or thing under the
guise of serious action; to play wz¢h mockingly.
1548 Hatt Chron. ee | But the Duke of Burgoyne dalied
and dissimuled with all parties. .gevyng them faire wordes.
1579 Tomson Calvin’s Serm. Tim. 440/t We see a great
number yt wold dallie thus with God. 1600 Hottanp Livy
i. xxiii. 59 a, Then thought the people..they were mocked
and dallied withall [e/udz]. 1614 Br. Hat Recoll. Treat.
697 If wee feared the Lord, durst wee dally with his name ?
1706 Appison Rosamond u1.iii, Why will you dally with my
pain? 1722 De For Relig. Courtsh. 1. i. (1840) 17 Why do
you trifle and dally so long with a thing of such conse-
quence?
+b. trans. To dally out: to trifle with, elude.
1548 Hatt Chron. 146 The matter was wynked at, and
dalyed out. 1563-87 Foxe A. & M7, (1684) I. 173/1 He would
suficr no man. .to dally out [e/wdere] his laws without con-
dign punishment, 16rx Speep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xvii. 112
But Lewis. .dallied out Edward with shewes of firme faith,
till hee had effected the thing hee went about. 1618 Botton
Florus u. ii, Skill to shift aside Oares, and to dally out the
strokes of beake-heads, by yare and ready turning.
4. intr. To spend time idly or frivolously ; to
linger, loiter; to delay.
1538 Bate Thre Lawes 241 Ye are disposed to dallye.
1594 WiLLoBIE Avisa (1605) 28 The poesie..bids you doe,
but dallie not. Doe so, sweete heart, and doe not stray,
For dangers grow from fond delay. 1600 Heywoop 1 Edw.
IV, Wks. 1874 I. 32 We dallied not, but made all haste we
could. 1647 R. Srarytton F¥uvenad xvi. 285 If, being my
debtour, he .. stand Dallying to pay me. 1822 W. Irvinc
Braceb, Hail i. 6 Lest when he find me dallying along. .he
may hurry ahead. 1860 Maury Phys. Geog, Sea xv. § 651
One vessel. .dallying in the Doldrums for days.
+5. trans. To put off or defer by trifling. In
earlier use fo dally off; cf. dally out in 3b. Ods.
noes Weve Def. Answ. i. Wks. (1851) I. 165 This is but
a shift to dally off a matter which you cannot answer. 1
Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 50 Fates and Fortune dallying
a dolefull Catastrophe. 1611 Speep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xxi.
19 The Councell of Flanders .. dallied him off with many
xcuses. 1616 Marlowe's Faust. Wks. (Rtldg.) 126/1 But
wherefore do I dally my revenge? 1633 T. Apams Ex.
2 Peter ii. 2 Neither dally this execution. 1821 CLarE
re Minstr. 1, 34 Some long, long dallied promise to
ulfil.
+6. To play or toy with ; to influence or move
by dalliance. Oés,
1597 Daniet Civ. Wars u. xix, Pleas’d with vain shewes,
and dallied with delyt. 1627-77 Fettuam Resolves 1. xxv.
44 Like a cunning Courtizan, that dallies the Ruffian to
undo himself, 1677 Gitpin Dzmonol, (1867) 70 Mark
Antony by this means became a slave to Cleopatra..and so
dallied himself into his ruin.
7. To dally away: to consume or spend (time)
in dalliance or by dallying.
1685 Roxb, Ball. VII. 473 Now when the night was dalli’d
away..She ’rose and left me snoring in bed. ¢ 1765 Fitoyp
Tartarian T. (1785) 90/1 They had dallied away a part of
the night. 1828 Scorr ¥. M. Perth viii, He asked them
what they meant by dallying away precious time.
i dl (de'lijin), vod. sb. [-1NG1] The
action of the verb Datty, q.v.: toying, trifling,
etc.; dalliance.
& Promp: Parv. 112 Dallynge, or halsynge, amplexus.
1545 Brinxtow Compl. 53 Card ptm eag Try women,
dansing, and such like. ¢ 1680 Bevertpcr Serm. (1729) I.
470 There is no dallying with Omnipotence. 1828 Scorr
£.M. Perth xxxiii, out at once..I am in no humour
for dsliving. 1889 Atheneum 14 Dec. 816/3 The pleasant
enough dallying and ‘ daffing ‘of her young people.
Darllying, A/. a. [-1nc2.] That dallies;
toying, trifling, etc.: see the verb.
1 Hatt Chron. 234b, A Sapln e mete for such
a dalyeng pastyme. rgho Baret A . F 662 A flatterer or
—. leceiuer, adulator, 1652 CrasHaw Delights of
Muses Poems 89 A warbling doubt Of dallying sweetness.
Hence Da‘llyingly adv.
15s0 Bate Jiage both Ch. u. (R.), Wher as he doth but
dalliengly perswade, they may enforce and compel. x
87 Foxe A. | ed (1590) 1459/t What an it.. boy
is this etn radford], that thus stoutly and dallyinglic
behaueth himselfe before the Queenes Counsell? 1637
Bastwick Litany 1. 3.
Dalmatian (delmé-fan), a. and sd, Of Dal-
matia, the Austrian province on the eastern coast
of the Adriatic; whence Dalmatian dog, the
spotted coach-dog, sometimes called ‘smaller
Danish dog’. Hence sd., A native of Dalmatia;
a Dalmatian dog. ve
|
| ANCE,
18
be 4 Bewick Quadrupeds (ed. 8) 339 The Dalmatian, or
Coach Dog..has been erroneously called the Danish Dog..
It is frequently kept in genteel houses, as an elegant atten-
dant onacarriage. 1893 H. Davzret Diseases of Dogs (ed. 3)
58 Dogs that travel much on hard dry roads, as Dalmatians
often do.
Dalmatic (delme'tik), a. and sd. [The sb.
occurs earliest, being a. F. da/matigue (15th ¢. in
Littré), ad. L. dalmatica, subst. use (sc. vestis) of |
(Thence L. dalma-
Dalmaticus adj. of Dalmatia.
The adj. is of later
ticatus attired in a dalmatic.)
adaptation from L.]
A. adj, Belonging to Dalmatia, Dalmatian.
Dalmatic robe: a dalmatic, or a garment resem-
bling it; so dalmatic vestment.
1604 E. G. D’Acosta’s Hist. Indies y. xx. 384 Their
habite and robe was a red curtin after the Dalmatike
fashion, with tasselles belowe..They were attired in a
Dalmatike robe of white wroght with blacke. 1634 Sir
T. Herpert 7vav. (1638) 38 Their habit, a long coat or vest
of white quilted Callico of the Dalmatick sort. 1722 Lond.
Gaz. No. 6089/3 The King’s Regal Mantle, and Dalmatick
Vestment. 1804 Anz. Rev. Il. 83/2 The deacon, standing,
in the dalmatic vestment, bears the chalice. 1838 Rubric
Coron. Q. Vict. in Maskell Mon. Rit. (1847) U1. 114 Then
..the Imperial Mantle, or Dalmatic Robe, of Cloth of Gold,
lined or furred with Ermins, is .. delivered to the Dean of
Westminster, and by him put upon the Queen, standing.
B. sd. An ecclesiastical vestment, with a slit on
each side of the skirt, and wide sleeves, and marked
with two stripes, worn in the Western Church by
deacons and bishops on certain occasions. b. A
similar robe worn by kings and emperors at
coronation and other solemnities.
Cf. Istpore Orig. xix. xxii. 9 Dalmatica vestis primum in
Dalmatia provincia Gracie texta est, tunica sacerdotalis
candida cum clavis ex purpura.
©1425 WynTouN Croz. 1x. vi. 153 Wyth a prestis vestment
hale Wyth twynykil and Dalmatyk. 1483 Caxton God.
oe 350/t The byere was couerd with a clothe named
dalmatyke. 1782 PriestLey Corrupt. Chr. IL. vin. 118
Mention is made of Dalmatics for the deacons. 1844 Lin-
GARD Anglo-Sax. Ch. (1858) II. ix. 69 The usual episcopal
vestments, the amice..tunic and dalmatic. 185§ BrowNinc
Misconceptions ii, The true bosom .. Meet for love’s regal
dalmatic. 7
+ Dalma‘tical, 2. Ols. =Datmatic a.
1599 THYNNE Animadv. (1865) 35 The kinges dalmaticall
garmente..was crymsone.
[ad. Gael. dalta
Dalt (dglt). Sc. Also dault.
in same sense.] A foster-child.
1775 Jounson MWestern Isl. Wks. X. 485 When he dis-
misses his dalt, for that is the name for a fostered child.
1828 Scorr /. A. Perth xxix, It is false of thy father’s
child. .falsest of my dault !
Dalt(e, obs, pa. t. and pple. of Dear v.
Daltonian (dgltownian), a. and sd. [f. the
name of John Dalton, a famous English chemist
(1766-1844), who was affected with colour-blind-
ness : see DALTONISM.]
A. adj. Relating to John Dalton, or the atomic
theory first enunciated by him.
1850 Dauseny Atom, Th, iii. (ed. 2) 108 The Daltonian
method of notation may still be of use, just as pictorial
representation often comes in aid of verbal description.
B. sb. A person affected with colour-blindness.
[First used in Fr., daltonien.]
{1827 P. Prevost in Bib?. Univ. Sciences et Arts XXXV.
3 De ceux qui j’ai coutume d’appeler dadtoniens.] 1841
- WartmANN in Rep, Brit. Assoc. u. 40 There are two
classes of Daltonians. 1881 7%es 10 Jan. 4/2 Daltonians
of the same nature [not perceiving red].
Daltonism (d§'lteniz’m). [ad. F. daltonisme,
f. as prec.
Introduced by Prof. Pierre Prevost of Geneva, but objected
to by English authors on the ground that it associated
a great name with a physical defect. See Wartmann’s
pers on ‘Daltonisme’ in Mem. Soc. Phys. de Genéve
(i843) X. 2733; and (1849) XII. 183.)
A name for colour-blindness; e¢sf. inability to
distinguish between red and green.
1841 E. WartMann in Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1. 40 An incom-
plete vision of colours which has been called Daltonisn.
1855 J. Dixon Pract. Study Dis. Eye 26x Of all the un-
fortunate inventions of pathological nomenclature the word
Daltonism..seems to me the worst. 1882 Nature 23 Mar.
493 This case of temporary daltonism for red is attributed to
¢ fatigue of the retina for red.
Hence Da‘ltonist = DaLronian sb.
1879 H. T. Finck in Macm. Mag. XUI. 128/2 The
authorities last mentioned class those only among the
Daltonists who show .. that they cannot physically dis-
tinguish between certain colours.
alve, obs. pa. t. of DELVE.
+ Daly, sb. Obs. Also dayly ; Z/. dalies, dalys,
daleys. [Derivation unknown.] A die, or a
knuckle-bone used as a die; also a cubical piece
of anything, a cube,
c1440 Promp., Parv, 112 Dayly, or pley (K. P. dal:
Pr 5: Yr tolee, data eta Hen Vulg. pod
280 Men play with m1 dice: and AHRE with ij dalies
lastragalis vel talis}. Cutte this flesh into daleys [¢essed/as].
Daly (déli), a. rave. 2 Obs. [f. DALE sb.1 + -y.]
Abounding in dales; of the nature of a dale.
1523 Firzuers. Surv. iii. 3 Groundes that is bothe hylly
and dalye. 1606 J, Ravnotps Dolarney's Print, (1880) 61
The daly grounds in garments greene were c
Daly(e, Dalyance, obs. ff. Datiy, Datui-
DAM.
Dam (deem), 54.1 Forms: 4-dam, 4-7 damme,
5-6 dame, (6 dampne, 7 damn(e, damp, damb),
7-8 damm. [Common Teut. = OFris. dam, dom,
MDnu. dam(m), MLG,. and Du. dam, MHG. tam,
mod.G. damm (from LG.), Norse dammr (14-
15th c.), Sw., Da. dam. The earlier existence of
the word is proved by the derivative vbs., Goth.
Saurdammyan to stop up, OE. dgmman, OF ris. dem-
men, MUG. temmen, Ger. dimmen: see DEM v.]
1. A bank or barrier of earth, masonry, etc., con-
structed across a stream to obstruct its flow and
raise its level, so asto make it available for turning
a mill-wheel or for other purposes ; a similar work
constructed to confine water so as to form a pond
or reservoir, or to protect land from being flooded.
c 1440 Promp. Parv. 113 Dame, or hye bankys (K. dam or
heybanck), agger. 1530 Patscr. 212/1 Damme of a myll,
escluse. 1626 ‘I’. H[awKins] Caussin’s Holy Crt. 525 As a
‘Torrent, which after it hath a long tyme been restrayned,
breaketh the forced dammes, and .. drowneth the fields.
€1630 Rispon Surv. Devon (1714) Il. 152 Whose House
was called Hemeanton, now Weare, by Reason of certain
Damps, which we call Weares. 1650 H. Brooke Conserv.
Health 93 Banks and Dambs. 1632 Tennyson AZ7ller’s D.
99 The sleepy pool above the dam, The pool beneath it
never still, 184x Evpuinstoner //ist. nd. II, 71, 50 dams
across rivers, to promote irrigation.
b. The barrier constructed in a stream by beavers.
1748 F. Smitn Voy. Disc. N.-W. Pass. 139 The Plenty of
Water was..owing to its being kept up by Dams, the work
of the Beavers ; which..had also built a House on the side
of this Creek. 1834 M:Murrrie Cuvier’s Anim. Kingd.
89 Beavers .. keep the water at an equal height, by dams
composed of branches of trees, mixed with clay and stones.
1875 Wuitney Life Lang. xiv. 290 Building a particular
style of shelter, as the beaver its dam,
e. A causeway through fens.
1809 CraBBE Zales, Lover's Fourney, When next appear’d
a dam,—so call the place,—Where lies a road confined in
narrow space..on either side Is level fen.
ay kon
1602 ‘Marstox «lutonio's Rev. v. iii, The States of Venice
Like high-swoln floods drive down the muddie dammes of
pent allegeance. 1642 Rocers Naaman 528 To keep up
the damme of their owne consciences from breaking in upon
them. axz71x Ken Hymnotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 IIL. 138
Thou down the sensual Dam dost throw, Which made me
stagnate here below.
2. The body of water confined by a dam or
embankment. (Now local, Yorkshire, etc.)
c1325 £. E. Allit. P. C. 312 pystryuande stremez..In on
daschande dam, dryuez me ouer. @1340 HAmpoLe Psalter
509 Pe dam of waters [guxges aguarum]). 1391 Selby Car-
tulary (Yorks. Archzol. Soc.) I. 4 Indentura..de Stagno
vocato le Damme [Selby Dam]. 14.. Mom. in Wr.-
Wiilcker 736/29 Hoc stanguum,adame. c¢1530 Remedy of
Love xxxv, Wer..All water ynke in damme or in flood.
1621-51 Burton Anat. Mel, 11. iv. 1. i. 642 As a damme of
water stopt in one place breaks out into another. cx
Gatty Hunter's Hallamshire ix. 186 note, Several of the
smaller dams at Crook’s Moor [Sheffield] were filled up in
1839..The large dams are still made use of by the company.
1888 Sheffield Gloss., Dam, a piece of water impounded by
damming upa stream. 1892 Lentzner Australian Word:
bk. 19 Dam (up-country), a pond for watering cattle. .made
by throwing up a bank across a hollow or little gully.
b. In south of Scotland, the stream of water from
a weir or pond, which drives a mill; a mill-race ;
tail-dam, a tail-race. (The dam in sense 1 is
a ‘cauld’.)
3. A flat land from which water is drained off and
excluded. Zocal.
1629 S*hertogenbosh 13 It lyeth as it were in a Myre,
hauing on the one side a small moore or damp. 1800 in
G. C. Davies Norfolk Broads xv. (1884) 107 Tame and
meadowed flats, here called dams, between Yarmouth and
Norwich, producing turf, peat, furze, flag and sedge.
4. a. Mining. A partition of boards, masonry,
etc. in a mine to keep out water, fire, or gas. b.
Smelting. (See quot. 1881.) ¢. Hloatingdam: + (a)
= CAMEL 2; (0) ‘a caisson used instead of gates
for a dry-dock’ (Smyth Sazlor’s Word-bk.).
1706 Lond. Gaz. No. 4262/3 A Machine, termed a Float-
ing-Damm, whereby he is capable of pi hay Satomi -over
Shallow. 1881 Raymonp Mining Gloss., Damt..the wall
of refractory material, forming the front of the fore-hearth
of a blast furnace. It is built on the inside of a supporting
iron plate (dam-plate).
5. Comb., as dam-like adj.; dam-head (S.),
a weir or cauld on a river for diverting the water
into a mill-race ; dam-plate, dam-stone (see quot.
and sense 4b); +dam-shed (.S¢.), ‘a portion of
land bordering onadam’(Jam.). See also CoFFER-
DAM, MILL-DAM.
1g40 Sc. Acts Fas. V (1814) 37 The dene of Logy, dame
and damsched tharof, and thair pertinentis. 1760 Wark
in Phil. Trans. LI1. 2 Locks and dam-heads might be raised
--by the help of furze. 1776 ApAM Smitn W. N.1v. v. (1869)
II. 86 As much water must run over the dam-head as if
there was no dam at all. 1820 Scorr Monast. v, A strong
wear or damhead, running across the river. 1881 Raymonp
Mining Gloss., Dam-plate, the plate upon the dam-stone or
front stone of the bottom of a blast furnace.
Dam (dem), sb,2 Forms: 3- dam, 4-7 damme,
6 dambe, 6-7 damm, [A variant of Damy, also
written from 14th c. damme, retaining the short
sound of F. a; originally used in all the senses,
but from about the 16th ¢. differentiated.] La
DAM,
+1. =Dame. Obs.
1297 R. Grouc. (Rolls) 11732 Dam Maud pe Mortimer.
a1300 Cursor M. 2312 (Cott.) Melche, loth, and dam sarra.
1340 Hampote Pr. Consc. 1273 Dam fortone..turnes about
ay hir whele. ¢1382 Wycur Pref Efist. vi. 67/1 The olde
rynge damme. c1430 Hymns Virg. 3 (Matz.) pou
deintiest damme.
2. A female parent (of animals, now usually of
quadrupeds). Correlative to sire.
1320 [see Dame 8b]. 1486 Bk. .S?. Albans E iva, A fawne
sowkyng on his dam. 1523 Fitzners. //usd. § 68 A sandy
colte. .neyther lyke syre nor damme. Ly Bey dence Four.
Beasts (1673) 363 The duckling, the first day [can] swim in
the water eh hisdam. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 216, I have
observed the young ones of some Spiders have almost kept
the same proportion to their Dam. 1697 Drypen Virg.
Eclog. 1. 32 So Kids and Whelps their Sires and Dams
express. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) III. 25 Calves..
taken from the dam in a savage state. 1834 Mupie Srit.
Birds (1841) I. 30: And when the dam [robin] leaves her
eggs. 1870 Bryant /liad I. v. 162 Two young lions,
nourished by their dam. —
+b. Phr. Zhe devil and his dam; the devil’s
dam, applied opprobriously to a woman. Obs.
1393 Lanci. P. Pl. C. xxi. 284 Rys ragamoffyn and
reche me alle pe barres, That belial by bele yre beot with
py damme. Pog Bate Thre Lawes 1070 The deuyll or
ys dam. 1, Suaxs. Com. Err. w. iii. 51 Ant. It is
the diuell. 5S. Dro. Nay,she is worse, she is the diuels
dam. 127 J. Stevens tr, Quevedo's Com, Wks. (1709) 350
Such .. Sayings are a Discredit to your self. As for i
stance..the Devil and his Dam. 1783 Arnswortu Lat,
Dict. u, Trivenefica, a great witch, a devil’s dam.
3. = Mother (human): usually in contempt.
@ 1547 SuRREY Aeneid iv. 477 Ne Goddesse was thy dam
[nec tibi Diva parens). 1606 Choice, Chance, etc. (1881) 66
His Dad a Tinker, and his Dama Tit. 1611 Suaxs. Wint.
7. u. iii. 94 This Brat is none of mine.. Hence with it, and
together with the Dam, Commit them to the fire. 1801
Wo corr (P. Pindar) 7ears & Sm. Wks. 1812 V. 55 And said,
that George allowed his dam But thirty pounds a year.
» SS:
c 1540 Pilgr. T.in Thynne Aximadv. App. i. 80 As we
be taught of the churche our dam. 1594 BarnrlieLp Af
Sheph. u. liv, Ignorance..the Damme of Errour. 1621-51
Burton Anat. Mel. ut. iv. 1. ii. 648 That high Priest of
Rome, the dam of that monstrous and superstitious breed.
1892 R. Kiptinc Barrack-r. Ballads (ed. 2) 80 What dam
of lances brought thee forth to jest.. with Death?
5. Comb.
1605 SyivesterR Du Bartas u. iii. wv. Captains 1237 Dam-
Murdering Vipers, Monsters in-humane. 1622 Boys Ws.
936 As the carefull Dam-bird (loves] her unfeathered brood.
Dam, 54.8 Chiefly Sc. Forms: 6 damme, 7
dame, 9 dam. [a. F. dame lady (Dam“, Dame),
the name of each piece in the jew de dames or
draughts, esp. of the crowned pieces which can
move forwards or backwards; in Ger. dame (damen-
spiel, damspiel draughts), Du. dam (damspel
draughts) : cf. DamBrop.]
Each of the pieces in the game of draughts or
checkers (ods.) ; f/. the game itself.
App. in early times a piece, pawn, or ‘man’ in various
games. Dame is given by Cotgrave 1611 as ‘also, a man at
Tables or Draughts’, and dames is the name of Draughts
in Rabelais; Florio 1598 has Ital. ‘dame, men to play at
tables or chesse with’,
1580 Hot.ysanp 7reas. Fr. Tong, Le jeu des Merelles,
the playe of dammes. [Cotcr. ‘Le Feu des merelles, the
boyish game called Merills, or fiue-pennie Morris ; played
here most commonly with stones, but in France with
pawnes, or men made of purpose, and tearmed Merelles.’]
1653 Urqunart Rabelais 94 (Jam.) There he played at the
Dames or draughts. 1814 Saxon & Gael I. 94 (Jam.) After
playing twa or three games at the dams. 1 EBSTER,
Dam .. 3. a crowned man in the game of draughts. 1870
Ramsay Remin. vi. (ed. 18) 246 Dams were the pieces with
which the game of draughts was played.
+ Dam, si.4,damp. Os. Also 6 dame. [a.
OF. dam (also dan, domp, dant, in nom. dans,
danz) :—L. dominus lord, used in OF. as a feudal
title (ranking between come and baron), but com-
monly prefixed to the name of a person by way of
paren Lord; as a prefix = Sir, Master. Cf.
Day.
¢ 1300 Havelok 2468 He knew, be swike dam, Euerildel
god was him gram. ¢ 1375 Lay Volks Mass Bk. (MS. B.)
18 Dam Ieremy [v.7”. Dane Ieremi, Saynte Ierome] was
his name. 1506 Bury Wills (Camden) 108 Dame John
Barkyng, pytauncer of the monasterij in Bury.
cz Cuaucer Nun's Pr, Prol, 26 (Harl.) Wherfor sir
monk, damp Pieres by 3our name. c 1489 Caxton Sonnes
of Aymon ix, 199 They met wyth damp Rambault, the free
knyght. /did. ix. 201 Damp bysshop, ye be welcom. 6d.
xvi. 382 ‘Damp emperour’, sayd thenne the duke naymes.
Dam (dem),v.! Forms: 6-7 damme, (damn,
7 dambe), 7-8 damm, 6- dam. [f. Dam sé.1;
taking the place of the etymological Dem, OE.
wman, found in early ME. and existing dialects.]
. trans. To furnish with a dam; to obstruct or
confine (a stream, or water) by means of a dam.
Usually with ~f ; also (rarely) with back, out, etc.
1563 W. Furke Meteors (1640) 57 Wells that have beene
dammed up. 1659 B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 106 He
had dammed up the Rivers. 1697 Drypen Virg. Past. 11.
171 Now dam the Ditches and the Floods restrain. 1850
Lyrwt and Visit U. S. 11. 253 The Mississippi forms long
bars of sand, which frequently unite with some part of the
Pee ees bag y 8 aston Be. x
ARKMAN Yesuits N. Amer, xxi. (1875) 314 beavers
dammed a brook and formed a pond. : oo :
14
2. transf. and fig. To stop up, block, obstruct ;
to shut up, confine: a. things material.
1553 Brenpe Q. Curtius vu. iv. 132 ‘The sand in the
laines is blowen Ropether -wherby the accustomed wayes
damned. 1590 Greene Never too late (1600) go Hauing
the Ouen the hotter within for that it was damd vp. 16
Fiorio Montaigne 1. xxiv. (1632) 61 Lamps dammed _ wit
too much oyle. 1652 Wapswortu tr. Sandoval’s Civ. Wars
Sain 351 Don Hernande..dammed up all the doors but
one. 1794 Suttivan View Nat. I. 347 When a ridge of
mountains thus dams the cloud.
b. things immaterial.
1582 Bentiey Mon. Matrones m1. 261 Vnthankfulnesse. .
d h vp the fe ine of thy godlie mercie. 1
SANDERSON 12 Serm. 522 He doth also dambe vp the mercy
of God by his contempt. 1875 M«Laren Serm. Ser. u. iv.
66 His love [is] too divine for us to dam it back. a 1876
G. Dawson /mprovers of Shaks., They dammed up all
human energy into two channels—the chapel and the shop,
+ Dam, v.2 Obs. rare. [f. Dam 5.2] To give
birth to (young) : said of animals.
1577 B. Gooce Heresbach’s Husb. 1. (1586) 139 Such
[lambs] as are afterwarde dammed, are feeble and weake.
» obs. form of Damn.
Damacene, -yne, obs. ff. damascene, DAMSON.
Damage (de'médz),5+. Forms: a, 4- dam-
age; 5-8 dammage,. (6 dampnage, 6-7 dam-
nage, 7 damadge). 8. 4-7 dommage, 5-7
domage. [a. OF. damage (11th c. in Littré), also
domage, daumage, demage, since 15th c. dommage
=OSp. domage, f. OF. dam, damage, prejudice,
loss (=Pr. dam, It. danno loss), ad. L. damnum
loss, hurt, damage + -AGE. Cf. Pr. damnatge and
It. dannatico on L. type *damndaticum. The ME.
form domage, dommage is after later French;
dam( p)nage after medL.].
1. Loss or detriment caused by hurt or injury
affecting estate, condition, or circumstances. arch.
a. (1292 Britton 1. v. §1 En despit et damage de nous
et de noster poeple.] 1300 A. Adis. 959 The scoumfyt, and
the damage, Feol on heom of Cartage. ¢1386 CHAUCER
Pars. T, » 383 As moche to oure damage as to oure profit.
1535 CoverDALEe Luke ix. 25 Though he wanne the whole
worlde and loseth himself or runneth in dammage of himself.
1609 Skene Reg. May. 89 The damnage and _ skaiths,
quhilks he hes susteined be the defender, sall be taxed.
1611 Brace Dan. vi. 2 That.. the king should haue no
damage. 1778 C. Jonrs Hoyle’s Games Impr.21 You could
receive no antag by playing the King the third Round.
1851 Hussry Papal Power ii. 86 The corrupting by bribes
of the late Legats..to the damage of S. Peter. 1877 J. D.
Cuampers Div. Worship 141 These .. Anthems have been
wholly omitted, to our great damage.
| cates and men of lawe ben perilous
DAMAGEMENT.
nition of his fault and wrong.
38 When the jury has assessed his damages. 1858 Lp. Sr.
xonarvs Handy Bk. Prop. Law ii. 5 An action .. for the
y of damages for breach of contract.
5. slang. Cost, expense. :
1755 Connoisseur No. 68 ® 10 ‘There’, says he, ‘there's
our hirteen and two-pence.’ 1812 Byron Wks.
1832) II. 179, I must pay the damage, and will thank
to tell me the amount of the engraving. 1852 Mrs.
: Uncle Tom's C. xiv, What's the damage, as they say
in Kentucky..what’s to be paid out for this business ?
Dickens Lett. 1. 409 Excellent stowage for the whole family
«.Damage for the whole, seven hundred francs a month.
“] Erroneously for DANGER.
1464, Plumpton Corr. (Camden) 13 Now you bee utterly
out jis dammage.
Damage, v. Forms: see the sb. [a. OF.
damagier, -er, domager, f. damage: see prec. sb.]
1. trans. To do or cause damage to; to hurt,
harm, cy rome now commonly to injure (a thing)
so as to lessen or destroy its value.
13.. [see Damacine vd/. sb.]. 1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton)
Dictes 106 A a in his kyngdome may be and
hurte, and specially e thinges. 1548 HattChron. (1550)
24 The English studied all the waies possible to dammage
their enemies : some shot arrowes, some cast stones. 1594
Suaks. Rich, 1//, 1. ii. 60 To stop all whose growth
may dammage me. a1674 Ciarenvon Hist. Red. III. 45
(R.) He .. gave him a broadside, with which he .. dinagea
the ae 1794 Netson in Nicolas Disp. I. 492 Not my
notice having been taken.. of my eye being damaged.
a1859 Macauay Hist. Eng. V. 130 He missed no oppor-
tunity of Leap Fi and er, Government. 1892
Law Times’ Rep. UXVIL. 251/1 The Merchant Prince..
ran into and damaged the Catalonia. _
2. intr. To suffer damage or injury. rare.
382 Crare Vill. Minstr. 1. 37 Her Sunday clothes might
damage with the dew.
Damageable (dz'médgab’l), 2. For forms cf.
DaMacGE sb.; also 5 dommegeable, 6 dommagi-
able, domagable, 6-7 damagable. [a. OF.
damage)able, dom-, causing or bringing damage,
f. damagier ; see prec. and -ABLE.]
+1. Causing loss or injury; hurtful, injurious.
1474 Caxton Chesse u. iii. (1860) Cj, The tunges of advo-
dommegeable. 1570
Dee Math. Przf. 45 Neither by worde, deede, or thought,
.-damageable, or iniurious to you. 1604 Der in Hearne
Collect, 3 Nov. 1705, That..most grievous and dammage-
Brackstone Coniuz, 11,
| able Sclaunder. 1636 E. Dacres tr. Machiavel’s Disc. Livy
1481 Caxton Myrr.1. xiv. 45 [It] torneth contrarye to |
B.
them & to their dommage. 1508 Fisuer Wks. (1876) 193
The great domage whiche we suffre by the absence of many
of them. @161z2_ Donne BiaBavatos (1644) 124 If a pub-
lique profit recompence my private Domage.
2. Injury, harm; esp. physical injury to a thing,
such as impairs its value or usefulness.
€1374 Cuaucer Boeth 1. v. 25 Pou hast wepen for be
damage [ed. 1560 dommage] of pi renoune pat is appaired.
1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 1. vi, He was enoynted with an
oyntment On his body that kept him from damage. c¢ 1440
Promp. Parv. 113 Damage, or harme, damtpuum, 1577 tr.
polar bith Decades Introd., He. .suffered all the damages
of the body. 1637 Gittesrie Eng. Pop. Cerem. 1. ix. 50
His answere bringeth great damnage to his owne cause.
1639 T. pe Gray Compl. Horsem. g Lest in foling, the colt
receive domage. 1719 De For Crusoe (1858) 353 She was
Jeaky, and had damage in her hold. 1869 Hoox Lives Adps.
II. ii. 94 To repair the damage done to the monastery.
b. (with a and £/.) A loss, an injury.
14) Matory Arthur 1. xv, Kyng Lott made grete
dool for his dommagis & his felawes. 1577-87 Ho.insHeD
Scot. Chron. 188 The damages & skathes committed by
theeues and robbers. 1593 T. Watson Tears of Fancie xxiv.
Poems (Arb.) 190 That I.. brought faire beauty to so fowle
adomage. 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa ul. 55 They paid
the said owners for all dammages committed. 1771 GoLpsm.
Hist, Eng. 1.79 Repairing the damages whe the king-
dom had sustained by war,
+3. a. A disadvantage, inconvenience, trouble.
b. A matter for regret, a misfortune, ‘a pity’.
a 1398 Trevisa Barth. de P. R.v1.i.(Tollem. MS.), Age
hab with him many —- 1637 R. Humpnrey tr. SZ.
Ambrose i. 15 They hol era to consist in the goods
secular, wee reckon these for dammages. 1721 Dr For
Col. Fack (1840) 33 ’Tis an unspeakable damage to him for
want of his money.
b. ¢1385 Cuaucur L.G. W. 578 Cleopatra, And of his
deth it was ful gret d. e. ¢1489 Caxton Blanchardyn
xxii. 74 It were domage yf suche a lady .. sholde perysshe.
rg Lossé of Rhodes in Hakluyt Voy. 11. 1. 84 Sir Francis
de Frenolz..it was great dammage of his death, for he was
aworthyman, 1612 SHerton Quix. 1.1, iv. 25 The Damage
is..that I have no money here about me.
4. Law. (Now always in j/.) The value,
estimated in money, of something lost or withheld ;
the sum of money claimed or adjudged to be paid
in compensation for loss or injury sustained.
(1430 Act 8 Hen, VI, c. 2 Le pleyntif_recovera_ses
damages au treble vers le defendant. 1538 Starkey Eng-
Zand 11.ii. 190 The party condemnyd. . schold euer be awardyd
to pay costys and al other dammage cumyng to hys
oy by the reson of the vniust sute and vexatyon.]
1 3 Act 34-5 Hen. VIII, c. 27 $36 Actions personall,
¥ reoohe- 3 ette, 8 ye hed the s
ourtie shillinges. x: ALL Chron. 31 For recoveryng
damages for injuries to them wrongfully done.. ‘1631-2 Star
Chamé. Cases (Camden) 168 He shall t fore pay soo'lto
the King and 200! Dammage to M‘ Deane and make recog-
I. 166 Many faults. .d g 1674
Govt. Tongue xii. (1684) 164 I : gab!
and infectious to the innocence of our neighbors. oi ad
Burke Regic. Peace i. Wks. ues IY ea Before it is clearly
i.
ble to that t
talk
known whether the i ion be damageable or not, the
judge is competent to issue a prohibition to innovate until
the point can be determined.
2. Liable to be damaged.
1755 Macens /usurances 11. 273 If Goods easily damage-
| able be ina ig = 1881 J. F. Keane Six Months in Meccah
est
vii. 183, Much ruction..to all damageable
Hence + Da‘mageably adv., injuriously.
1660 Hexnam, K% lick .. Di bly, or with
Molestation.
e-cleere. Law. Obs. [ad. Anglo-
Fr. damage clers for damage des clers, in med.L.
damna clericorum ‘clerks’ costs’.]
A fee formerly paid in the courts of Common
Pleas, King’s Bench, and uer, in cases where
damages were recovered: abolished in 1665.
1665 Marvett Corr. xlviii. Wks. 1872-5 II. 183 There are
several other Bills in hand ; as..the taking away of Damage
cleere.
ed (dze'médzd), Ap/. a. [f. Damace wv.
+-ED1,]" That has suffered damage ; injured (es.
physically).
177t Smottett Humfph, Ci. 10 July an. 1768, Clinker. .
unscrewed the damaged iron. 1891 Daily News 23 June
2/3 If any sovereign or half-sovereign is more than three
grains below the standard weight, it shall be considered
a coin.
Damage-feasant. Jaw. Also 7 -feasaunt,
-faisant, 7-8-fesant. [OF . damage fesant, ¥ . dom-
mage fatsant, doing damage, causing loss]
Said of a stranger’s beasts, etc., found trespassing
on a man’s ground bg ad leave, a there
doing him damage, as by ing or otherwise.
(Properly adj. phr.; also used as sd.)
16ar R. Botton Stat, /rel. 191 (33 Hen. VIII), In any
plegiare or d delivé for rentes, customes,
services or for feasaunt or other rent or rents. 1682
CurrHam Angler's Vade-m. x\. $18 If I leave my Angle-
rod behind in another’s ground he may take it Damage
feasant. 1714 Scroccs Courts-leet (ed. 3) 7 Any Thing
distrained for Damage-feasant cannot be distrained for
Rent. 1768 Biackstone Comm. ut. i, 111. 6. 1887 Edin.
Rev. Jan. 77 The right of distraining animals trespassing
and as we now say ‘damage-feasant’.
+Damageful, cz. Os. [f. Damace sd. + -FUL.]
Injurious, hurtful. ; oi
Prec Refr. u. viii. 182 It unprofitable
sot dengetal to ‘he Cristene sas Sree Hist. Gt. Brit.
1x. e yA His ber in Ireland was more ~~
. LEMAN Deferred I
wit thiate ane encher aoa oF damageful or dangerous.
Damagement (de'médgmént). rare. [a.
OF. damagement, {. damagier to DAMAGE.] e
action of ing, or fact of being dam
J. Davies Microcosmos Wks. (x76) 44(D.) The more
ey [pleasures] are excessiuely, -more’s the soule-
rty.
vs'd
DAMAGEOUS.
and bodie’sdamagement. 1885 Pad? Mail G. 20 May's/1 If
war has any raison d’étre at all, that must lie in the effective
damagement of your enemy.
Ae Di eous,@. Obs. For forms cf. DaMacE
sb.; also § damegeous, 6 dammagious, -ius.
[a. OF. damageus, -gious, -jos, {. damage: see
DamaceE sb, and -ous,] Fraught with damage,
hurtful, injurious ; causing loss or disadvantage.
1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. P 364 Whan bat meynee is
felonous and damageous to be peple. 1474 Caxton Chesse
mt, vi, (1860) Hiij b, What synne is fowler than this synne..
ne more dommageous. 1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes
48 Lakking of thy lore is to vs a damegeous thing. 1611
Corer. s.v. Vimaires, Fearefull or dommageous accidents.
1637 Heywoop Royall Ship 32 All the rauenous and dam-
mageous beasts to be destroyed through his land.
i g (deemédzin), vé/. sb. [-ING1.]
The action of the verb DaMAGg, q. v.
13.. Childh. Fesus 1344 (M&tz.) Of pe liones he made
a semblingue bifore heom withoute damagingue. 1568
Grarton Chron. II. 93 The French king..in dammagyng.
of king Richard, layde siege to the Castell of Aubevyle.
Damaging, ///. a. [-1Nc 2.] That damages ;
causing damage or injury, injurious, hurtful.
1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Relig. Wks. (Bohn) II. ror The
modes of initiation are more damaging than custom-house
oaths, 1885 Atheneum 5 Sept. 299/2 [The hedgehog’s]
moral character. ,is the subject of damaging criticism.
Hence Da‘magingly adv., hurtfully.
1854 Kitto Bible [ilustr. (1867) VIII. 427 The stroke is
usually. .inflicted damagingly to the mouth, with the heel of
a shoe. 1868 Dazly News 7 Sept., Mr. McCarthy thinks
the defence unassailable. To us it appears very easily and
very damagingly assailable.
Damaisele, obs. form of DAMSEL. :
Damalic (dame 'lik), damolic (damg'lik), «.
Chem, [f. Gr. Sdpadts, Sapdan heifer+1c. The
second form is perh. short for damat-olic.] In
damalic or damolic acid, an acid (C, H, O) dis-
covered by Stadeler in cows’ urine. Hence
Da'molate [-AaTE4], a salt of damolic acid.
Damalu'ric [Uric] aczd, an acid (C, H,, O,) akin
to damolic, and of the same origin ; its salts are
Damalu'rates.
1858 Tuupicnum Uvine 343 Damaluric acid produces
recipitate in a solution of basic acetate of lead. 1863-72
Watts Dict. Chem. I1. 301 Damaluric and Damolic acids,
two volatile acids said to exist in cows’ and horses’ urine.
1879 Jbid. VI. 541 The filtered solution deposits, first
crystals of barium damolate, then the damalurate. |
|| Daman (deman). [From the Arabic name
elm yas daman israil, sheep or lamb of Israel.]
The Syrian rock-badger or ‘cony’ of Scripture
(Hyrax Syriacus); the name is also extended to
the species found at the Cape (7. Capensis).
1738 T. SHaw Trav. Barb. & Levant. 336 The Daman
Israel is an Animal likewise of Mount Libanus, though
common in other places of this Country..We have .. pre-
sumptive Proof that this Creature is the Saphan of the
Scriptures. 1790 Bruce 7rav. I. x. 241, I went ashore
here [Cape Mahomet] and shot a small animal among the
rocks, called Daman Israel or Israel’s Lamb; I do not
know why, for it has no resemblance to the sheep kind.
1825 Gore tr. Blumenbach’s Man, Nat. Hist. iv. 47 The
Daman, Cape Hyrax. 1835 Kirsy Had. §& Just. Anim,
II. xxiv. 497 The skin..is nearly naked, except in the case
of the swine, the daman, che mammoth and some others.
Damar: see Damar.
Damas, obs. form of DAMASK.
Damascene (demis?'n), a. and sé. Also 4
damyssene, -assene, 4-7 damasene, 6-7 dama-
scen, -sine: see also Damson. [ad. L. Dama-
scén-us, Gr. Aayacknvds of Damascus. Cf. Ger.
damascen.] A. adj.
1. Of or pertaining to the city of Damascus,
(c 1386 CHaucer Monk's T. 17 Loo Adam in the feeld of
Damyssene [= 7” agro Damasceno] With goddes owene
fynger wroght was he.] 7543 TRaAHERON V’igo’s Chirurg.
vt. i. Gloss., Another kynde [of viscum] is called Damascene,
and commeth from Damasco, 16x Corcr. s.v. Damas,
Huile de Damas, oyle Damascene. 1875 ScrivENER
Lect. Text N. Test. 17 About the ninth century, a rough,
brown, unsightly paper, made of cotton rags, and some-
times called Damascene from the place where it was
invented, crept gradually into use.
2. Of or pertaining to damask (fabrics), or to
the art of damascening metal ; as damascene work.
1541 Ord. 33 Hen, VIII in Nicholls Househ. Ord. (1790)
215 In fine Diaper, in Damasene worke. rgsoin Atheneum
21 Oct. (1871) 520/3,.4 damascene buttons were cut off my
lord’s gown in the privy-chamber. 1883 C. C. Perkins /taZ.
Sculpt. 100 (Stanford) The damascene work and the foliated
os .. challenge comparison with bronzes of any
period.
3. Damascene plum; see DAMSON Ic.
B. sb. 1. A native of Damascus.
1382 Wyc.ir 2 Cor, xi. 32 The cite of Damascenys.
2. Damascene work; formerly applied to damask,
1481-90 Howard Househ, Bks. (Roxb.) 285 For brynging
of damysens from Colchester. 1553 in Rogers Agric. &
Prices Til. 489/3 [Damascene, 6ells @ 3/]. x! ‘Mach. Mag.
XL. 342 The damascene which appears upon the surface of
steel is very various. 1873 Dixon 7wo ae I. v. i, 233
an
15
the surface and filled in with gold orsilver. b. To
ornament (steel) with a watered pattern, as in
Damascus blades.
1585-1613 [see DAMASKEEN v.]. 1848 Lytton Haro/d 11.
ii, His arms were damascened with silver. 1880 Sat. Rev.
No. 1302. 461 Swords beautifully damascened in gold.
ec. transf. and fig.
1878 Examiner 2 Mar, 283/1 These essential elements...
are damascened upon a ground of really good story.
189r G. Merepitu One of our Cong. xix, M. Falarique
damascenes his sharpest smile.
Damascened (demias7nd), fp/. a. [f. prec.
+-ED.] Of steel and other metal-work: a.
Inlaid with ornamental designs, gold or silver ; b.
Having the watered pattern of dark lines charac-
teristic of Damascus blades.
1862 J. Grant Capt. of Guard li, The earl’s cuirass was
of Milan steel, magnificently damascened. 1888 A thenzum
17 Mar. 344/3 Swords..with splendid damascened hilts.
c. transf.
1879 Rutiey Stud. Rocks xi, 181 Damtascened.—The
author suggests this term as a convenient one by which to
describe the structure shown in some obsidians, in which
streaks or threads of glass are contorted in a confused
manner, which somewhat resembles the markings on
Damascus sword-blades, or the damascening on gun-barrels.
Damascener (demias7no1). [f. as prec. +
-ER.] One who damascenes metal.
1855 tr. Ladbarte’s Arts Mid. Ages x. 361 The damas-
cener and the goldsmith. 1883 Harfer’s Mag. June 57/1
Damasceners..and gun-makers are Mohammedan.
Damascening (demisrnin), 737. 5. [-1NG1.]
The action of the vb. DamascEnr; also the design
or figured surface so produced.
1860 Cornh, Mag. No.3. 271 Delightful arabesques and
damascenings. 1880 Birpwoop /ud. Art I. 163 Damas-
cening is the art of encrusting one metal with another .. in
the form of wire, which by undercutting and hammering is
thoroughly incorporated with the metal which it is intended
to ornament,
Damascus (dame'skis), Formerly also in
the Ital. form Damasco. [L. Damascus, Gr.
Aapackés, from Semitic: cf. Heb. pwmt Dam-
meseg, Arab, (2s Dimashg, Dimeshg; thence
Heb. pwrnt a’ meseg or a’mesheg, transl. ‘silken’
in Amos iii, 12 (Rev. V.).] An ancient city, the
capital of Ccele-Syria, famous for its steel and
its silk fabrics. Often used attrib., as Damascus
blade (see quot. 1875), etc. ; also adso/, = Damascus
steel, etc.
Damascus iron: a combination of pieces of iron and
steel welded together and rolled out, in imitation of the
steel of Damascus. Dasmascus-twist : see quot.
@ 1625 FietcHer Elder Bro. vy. i, A Milan hilt, and
a Damasco blade. 1665 Str T. Herpert 7'rav. (1677) 149
A Sword not so hooked as the Damasco. 1727-51 aereee
BERS Cycl., Damascus-steel..remarkable for its excellent
temper. 1830 Mech. Mag. XIV. 31 By filing semicir-
cular grooves into both sides of the blade, and again
subjecting it to the hammer, a_ beautiful roset-shaped
Damascus is obtained. 1846 GREENER Sc. Gunnery
113 On examination of ..real Damascus barrels. 1874
Knicut Dict, Mech. s.v. Damascus-iron, The fineness of
the Damascus depends upon the number and thickness of
the alternations [ofiron and steel]. /bzd., Damascus-twist,
a kind of gun-barrel made of a ribbon of Damascus-iron
coiled around a mandrel and welded.
+ Damasee’. Ols. Also -ysé, -esé. [A cor-
ruption or abbreviation of damasene DaMson : cf.
first quot. there.] =Damson,
14.. TZ. of Erceldoune 180 (Thornton MS.) Whare frwte
was growande gret plentee The date and als the damasee
[v.rr. damese, damyse]. ?¢1475 Sguyr lowe Degre 36
‘The date, also the damyse [777e larel-tre].
Damasin, obs. form of Damson.
+ Damasine, 2. Ofs. =DAMASCENE.
stne-rose; =damask rose.
1607 Torsett Four. Beasts (1673) 430 Herbs which
smell sweet like musk: as..the damasine-rose.
Damask (de'misk), sd. and a. Forms: 4-7
damaske, -asc, 4- damask; also 5 dameske,
5-6 dammask(e, 7 damasque, -ast; Sc. 5-6
dammas, -es, -ys, 6 domas, 7 damas, -es.
[Prob. originally a. AngloFr. *Damasc = It. Da-
masco, L.. Damascus proper name of the city; Littré
and Hatzfeld have an OF. Damas of 14th c.,
whence the Sc. forms above. The French text of
Mandeville (Roxb. Club) ch. xiv. has Damasce.]
I. +1. The city of Damascus. Ods.
c 1250 Gen. §& Ex. 761 At damaske is Se dridde stede,
Quer abram is bigging dede. 1377 Lana. P. Pi. B. xv.
486 So many — ». Of Nazareth, of Nynyue, of Nep-
talim, and maske. cx Digby Myst. (1882) 11. 32
Thorow all dammask and liba. 1539 /uventories 49 (Jam.)
Tapestryis.—Item, vi pece of the cietie of Dammys.
2. attrib, =Made at or brought from Damascus,
as damask blade, sword, etc. (see 7 below) ; damask
cloth, silk (see 3 and 6 below) ; also the following ;
+ Damask plum, prune=Damson. Oés.
1543 TRAHERON Vigo’s Chirurg. 268 b/x (Stanford) Take
of reysons..of damaske prunes. 1616 Surri. & Marku.
Dama-
A Spanish silversmith copied ara
3. See Dauson.
Damascene (demas/‘n),v. Also 9 -ine. [f.
prec. adj.; cf. DAMASKEEN v.] trans. a. To orna-
ment (metal-work, esf. steel) with designs incised in
Ci ‘ry Farme 393 Damaske Plums .. are of three sorts,
the black, red, and violet colour, 1664 Evetyn Kai, Hort.
(t729) 210 Plums..Damasc, Denny Damasc. F
amask powder, ?a toilet-powder scented with
damask roses. Ods.
DAMASK.
1840 (cf. Damask rose below]. 1634 Althorp MS. in
Simpkinson Washing tons \xviii, For 4 li of damaske powder
for Gooddy Webb. 1637 Heywoop Royall King w. Wks.
1874 VI. 70 Now farewell Gun-powder, I must change thee
into Damask-powder.
Damask rose, a species or variety of rose, sup-
posed to have been originally brought from Da-
mascus,
Apparently, originally the Rosa gallica var. damascena,
a tall shrub with semi-double pink or light-red (rarely white)
flowers, cultivated in the East for attar of roses; but this
underwent many changes under cultivation in the West, and
the name has been very variously applied by English authors.
According to Miller (1768) the szonthly rose, striped monthly,
and Vork-and-Lancaster, were supposed to be varieties of
the Damask rose. According to Fliickiger and Hanbury,
Pharmacographia, the name is now applied at Mitcham to
a variety of &. gallica with very deep-coloured flowers.
c1540 Recipe in Vicary’s Anat. (1886) App. 224 Putt therto
halfan vnce of fyne pouldre of redde dammaske rosys. 1578
Lyte Dodoens v1. i. 655 We cal them in English, Roses of
Prouince, and Damaske Roses. /é/d. 654 The flowers. .be
neither redde nor white, but of a mixt colour betwixt red
and white, almost carnation colour. 1582 Haxtuyt JZemz0-
randa in Voy. M1. i. 165 ‘The Damaske rose [brought in] by
Doctour Linaker, King Henry the seuenth and King
Henry the eights Physician. 1646 J. HALL Poems 45
Damast-roses yet unblown. 1744 C. Thompson's Trav.
III. 13 Rose-Water made of the Damask Roses which grow
here plentifully. 1869 Hote Bh. about Roses xi, The
Damask [rose] with its few rich velvety-crimson petals,
is a memory, and that is all.
Damask violet = Dame’s Vioter. (In Ger.
Damastblume.)
1578 Lyte tr. Dodoens 153 In English Damaske violets,
Dames violets or Gillofers. 1597 Grrarpe /ferball u.
cxvi. 377 Dames Violets is called..in English Damaske
Violets [etc.]. 186x Pratr /Vlower. Plants 1. 154.
‘t Damask water, rose-water distilled from Da-
mask roses. Oés.
[1306 N. pe Tincewick in Archexol. ¥rnl. XIV. 271 Item
proaqua rosata de Damasco.] 1519 /our Elements in Hazl.
Dodsley 1. 44 With damask water made so well, That all
the house thereof shall smell, As it were paradise. 1555
KpEN Decades 224 ‘The Capitayne sprinkeled the Kynges
with damaske water. 31611 Corcr. s.v. Damas, Ean de
Damas, Damaske, or sweet, water (distilled from all sorts
of odoriferous hearbs),
II. Asa name of substances originally produced
at Damascus.
3. A rich silk fabric woven with elaborate designs
and figures, often of a variety of colours.
Also applied to figured materials of silk and wool, silk and
cotton, or worsted or cotton only, used for furniture-
covering, curtains, etc. ‘True damasks are wholly of silk,
but the term is now applied to any fabric of wool, linen, or
cotton, woven in the manner of the first damasks’ (Beck,
Draper's Dict.).
¢ 1430 Lypc. Storie of Thebes ut. vi, Clothes of veluet,
Damaske and of golde. 1473 Paston Lett. No. 725 II. o1
Anewe vestment off whyght damaske ffora dekyne. 1532-3
Act 24 Hen, VIII, c. 13 No man, vnder the saide
estates. .shall..weare any saten, damaske, silke, chamblet,
or taffata. 1577tr. Bullinger’s Decades u. x. 239 A linnen
or wollen garment doeth as well couer and become the
Dodie, as damaskes and veluets. 1689 Lond. Gaz. No.
2425/4, 3 Pieces of Crimson Missena Damasks, of a large
Flower, commonly used for Beds, and Hangings of Rooms.
c1710 C, Fiennes Diary (1888) 290 All ye bed and hangings
are of fine damaske made of worsted. 1725 Dr For Voy.
round World (1840) 21 A quantity of China damasks, and
other wrought silks. 1842 BiscHorr lWoollen Manuf. 11.
415 The draw-loom .. is now used to a very considerable
extent in weaving carpets and figured damasks.
b. A twilled linen fabric richly figured in the
weaving with designs which show up by opposite
reflexions of light from the surface; used chiefly
for table-linen.
1542 in Rogers Agric. & Prices III. 487/3 Damask diaper
1 yd...2/2. 1624 Willin Ripon Ch. Acts 364 One suite of
damaske..for his table. 1696 J. F. Merchants’ Ware-ho.
13 Damask .. is a very fine sort of .. Linnen, and is
wrought into several sorts of fine Imagery, and Figures. .it
is for few uses except for Table-Linnen. ‘1759 GotpsM. Bee
No. 3 He looked at the tablecloth, and praised the figure
of the damask. 1877 Mrs. Forrester Mignon 1. 23 The
table is laid. “datas plate, glass, is perfect.
4. a. Steel manufactured at Damascus ; also steel
or a combination of iron and steel exhibiting a
similar variegated surface: more fully damask steel.
b. The wavy pattern on the surface of Damascus
steel, or of iron and steel welded together and cor-
roded with weak acid.
1603 Knottes Hist. Turks (1621) 1297 Two knives of
damaske, with hafts of jasper. 1844 Mech. Mag. XL. 342
All steel which exhibits a surface figured with dark lines,
is called damask. 1874 Kwnicut Dict. Mech. Damask-
steel, a laminated metal of pure iron and steel, of peculiar
uality, produced by careful heating, laborious forging,
eating and twisting. 1881 Blackw. Mag. May 56:
The curious product called damask-steel possesses bot!
edge and elasticity, and all the great Eastern swords owe
to it their celebrity. did. 568 He made some swords
which would bend till the point touched the hilt, and
which would also cut through an iron bar..the same two
Seaities have never been conjoined in any other steel than
1818 FARADAY Exp. Res. xvi. (1820) 59 The damask itself
is merely an exhibition of crystallisation. 1844 Mech. Mag.
XL. 342 Common steel acquires no visible damask by
gradual refrigeration.
5. The colour of the damask rose: esp. as seen in
the face of a woman.
DAMASK.
Y. LZ. m1. v. 123 There was a pretty
.."twas iust the difference Betwixt the
e. 1607 — Cor. ui. i.
Damaske in Their nicely
1600 Fairrax Zasso uu. xxvi, Her
1820 Keats
1600 Suaks. A.
rednesse = his li
constant and mingled
232 The Warre of White and
wded Cheekes.
por late, now chang’d to purest white.
Lamia. 116 She..Blush’d a live damask.
III. attrib. and adj. from senses under IT. But
early examples of damask cloth, blade, etc., mean
literally ‘ of Damascus’, and so belong to 2 above.
6. Made of damask (silk or cloth); furnished
with damask.
¢ 1489 Caxton Blanchardyn xix. (1890) 6x A fayre whyte
coue: of damaske clothe. 1609 B. Jonson Sil. Woman
ut. i, A Damask table cloth, cost me eighteen pound. 1682
Vestry Bks. (Surtees) 340 One fair damask linen cloth and
a damask napkin. 1755 Mrs. Detany Let. to Mrs. Dewes
17 Nov., Lady Anson began the last ball in a green damask
sack. 1814 Hist. Univ. Oxford Il. 26 The dress of the
Chancellor is of black damask silk. 1842 Tennyson A ude:
Court 20 A damask napkin wrought with horse and hound.
7. Made of Damascus steel; having the fine
temper and watered surface of Damascus steel.
cx6rr Cuaprman J/iad x. 63 By him his damask curets
[évrea morkiAa] hung. 1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi's
Eromena 78 The fine edge of his damaske blade, 1820
Farapay Exp. Res. xvi. (1859) 59 The wootz .. retains ..a
damask surface when forged, polished, and acted upon by
dilute acid.
8. Of the colour of the damask rose; blush-
coloured.
1588 Suaxs. L. L. L. v. ii. 296 Faire Ladies .. Dismaskt,
their damaske sweet commixture showne. 1601 — 7wel.
N.u.iv. 115 She neuer told her loue, But let concealment
like a worme i’ th budde Feede on her damaske cheeke.
1842 Tennyson Day Dream Prol., While, dreaming on
your damask cheek, The dewy sister-eyelids lay. 1861
Mrs. H. Woop East Lynne xvi, Her pretty cheeks were
damask with her mind’s excitement.
+9. =DAMASKED 3 (?a misprint).
1648 Herrick Hesper., Country Life 42 (MS. version, ed.
Hazl. p. 457) The damaske [v. 7. damaskt] meddowes, and
the crawling streames.
10. Comb., as damask-coated, -coloured,
-gowned ppl. adjs.; damask-wise adv.; + damask
branch, a figured pattern like that of damask or
damask-work ; so + damask-branched ///. a. ;
damask carpet (see quot.); damask loom, a
loom for weaving figured fabrics; damask steel
(see 4); damask-stitch (see quot.); damask-
work, the veining on Damascus-blades; incised
ornamentation inlaid with gold or silver.
1634 Preacuam Gentl. Exerc. 1. xiv. 46 Diapering ..(in
*Damaske branches, and such like). .it chiefly serveth to
counterfeit cloath of Gold, Silver, *Damaskbrancht, Velvet,
Chamlet, &c., with what branch, and in what fashion you
list. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., * Damask-carpet..a variety
of carpet resembling the Kidderminster in the mode of
weaving, but exposing the warp instead of the weft. 1606
Dekker Sev. Sins 111. (Arb.) 25 The *damask-coated Cittizen.
a 7 Drayton Noah's Flood, The *damask-colour’d dove
..His sundry colour’d feathers, 1861 W. F. Cottier Hist.
Eng. Lit. 135 A magnificent array of satin and *damask-
gowned priests. 1846 McCuttocu Acc. Brit. Empire (1854)
I. 708 The *damask loom is capable of producing any figure,
however complicated. 1882 CauLFreitp & Sawarp Dict.
Needlework, * Damask Stitch. Aname given to Satin Stitch
when worked upon a linen foundation. 1580 HoL_LyBaAND
Treas. French Tong, Tailler quelque chose 4 la Damas-
guine, to cut some thing *damaske wise. 1611 Corar.,
Damasquiner. .to flourish, carue, or ingraue Damaske-wise.
1598 FLorio, Damaschino, *damaske worke vpon blades,
1830 Tennyson Recoll. Arab. Nts. iii, All.. The sloping of
the moon-lit sward Was damask-work, and deep inlay Of
braided blooms unmown.
[f. prec. sb. By Mil-
Damask (dz'mask), v.
ton and Phineas Fletcher stressed dama'sk.]
1. trans. To weave with richly-figured designs.
[1599, etc. see DAMASKED 1.] 1706 PuiLuirs (ed. Kersey),
Damask or Damasquine..toimprint the Figures of Flowers
on Silk, or Stuff. 1755 Jounson, Dasask, 1. to form flowers
upon stuffs.
2. =DAMASCENE 7@.
1585 T. WASHINGTON tr. Nicholay's Voy. Turkie B. 1.
xxi. 584 b, A faire basen of Copper damasked. 1653 H.
Cocan tr. Pinto’s Voy. 159 Armed with. . Partisans damasked
with gold and silver. 12673 Ray Yourn. Low C. (2738) Il.
354 They damask their cymeters with a blewish colour.
1877 W. Jonss Finger-ring L. 247 The wooden sides were
plated with gold, and damasked with gold wire.
3. transf. and fig. To ornament with or as with
a big ae pattern or design ; to diaper.
1610 G. Fretcuer Christ's Vict., There pinks eblazed
wide And damaskt all the earth. 1633
Jsl, xu. i, Where various flowers damask the fi nt seat.
1667 Mitton P. L. 1v. 334 As they sat recline On the soft
downie Bank damaskt with flours. 1744 SHENSTONE Song,
‘O'er desert Plains’ 5 Tho’ my path were damask’d o'er Wit
beauties e’er so fine. 1872 0. W. Hoimes Poet Break/. 7.
i. Pigs 34 Fair pictures damasked on a re fold.
‘o make red or blush-coloured like a damask-
P. Fietcner Purple
rose.
1863 Mrs. Marsn Heathside Farm 1. 58 Cathie’s peach-
like cheek was damasked by heat and laughter.
5. To deface or destroy, by stamping or marking
with lines and figures.
673 in Stationers’ Rec. (1883), Order of Bishop of London
to damask ‘ The jiathan’. | [bid., Order of Bi: of
London to damask Seditious s seized at Frances Smith's,
and to burn in the Company's garden adjoining their Hall
the Books not fitt for damasking. 1706 PHictirs (ed. Kersey),
Damask or Damasquine, to stamp rude Draughts on waste
16
Paper, etc, 1709 Act.8 Aun c. 21 Such offender or offenders
shall forfeit such Book or Books .. to the P i or pro-
prietors of the Copy thereof, who shall with damask
and make wast Paper of them. 1845 Campsett Chancellors
(1856) I. 23 The ceremony of ing or ‘damasking’ of
the old Great Seal consists in the Sovereign giving it a gentle
blow with a hammer, after which it is supposed to be broken,
and has lost all its virtue.
+6. To warm (wine): see quot. 1706. slang.
. 1699 B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Damask the Claret, Put
aroasted Orange slasht smoking hot init. 1 PHILLIPS
(ed, Kersey), Zo Damask Wine, is to warm it a little, in
order cates off the edge of the Cold and make it mantle.
1778 CuMBERLAND in Goltsmith's Wks. (1881) I. ror Wilt
c=" steep’d in Alpine snows, Or damask’d at Silenus’
nose
Damasked (de'maskt), /. a. [f. prec.]
1. Of silk, fine linen, and other fabrics: Woven
with richly-figured designs.
1599 Mippteton Micro-Cynicon iii. Wks. (1886) VIII. 124
Sitting at table.. All covered with damask’d napery. 1607
Torsett Four-f. Beasts (1673) 206 The outward appearance
of the said skin is like to a damaskt garment. 1866 Pail
Mail G. 24 Oct. 4 The exports in damasked silk.
2. Of steel or other metal ; = DAMASCENED.
c1611 Cuapman //iad in. 345 His sword he took, and
fasten’d it, All damask’d, underneath his arm, 1631 WEEVER
Anc. Fun. Mon. 202 The out side was..damasked and
embossed with wires of gold. 1820 Farapay Zxf. Res. xvi.
(1859) 59 It is certainly true that a damasked surface ma‘
be Re otabed by welding together wires of iron and steel.
1832 Bassace Econ. Manuf. xviii. (ed. 3) 167 Barrels of
double-barrel guns, twisted and damasked.
3. transf. Variegated ; diapered.
1648 Eart or WestMLp. Otia Sacra (1879) 88 The Crimson
streaks belace the Damaskt West. 1855 S1ncLETON Virgil
I. 360 Blooming be the gates with damasked wreaths.
4. Having the hue of the damask rose.
¢1600 SHAKS. Sonn. cxxx, I haue seene Roses d kt, red
|
DAME.
Damassin (demisin). [Deriv. of F. damas,
Damask.] ‘A species of woven damask with gold
and silver flowers’ (Brande Dict. Arts 1842); see
also quot. 1882.
I Bit trp Arts, Damassin is a Fes of Lipo 7
wi silver flowers, woven in the wai ;
yA tay we ns silk ine, 1882 Beex Draper's
7 amassin, ag ap yd an ingenious modification
of bro pee i pat by 3 ey ans in the 17th century,
w ni jected being to s
sure between vallees caused the mand wines which formed
part of the fabric to appear in one unbroken and brilliant
plate of gold or silver.
Damaysele, , obs. forms of DAMSEL.
Damb¢e, obs. (erron.) form of Dam, Damn.
Dambonite (dz'mbonait). Chem. [f. dambo
native African name + -ITE.]
A sweet white crystalline substance (C, H, O,)
found in a kind of caoutchouc obtained from a
plant growing near the Gaboon in Western Africa.
[1861 Du Cuamtu E£guat. Afr. x. 121 The caoutchouc of
Africa is obtained froma vine (called dambo by the natives).]
1879 Watts Dict. Chem. V1. 541 The exuded juice, coagu-
lated by exposure to the air, is into loaves called
by the natives ’dambo..Dambonite is white, easily soluble
in water and in alcohol of ordinary strength, sparingly
soluble in absolute alcohol.
‘bose (dz'mbéus). Chem. [f. prec. + -0sE.]
A crystallizable sugar (C; H, O,) obtained from
dambonite.
1879 Watts Dict. Chem. V1. 541 Dambose is a poly-
atomic alcohol, and dambonite its methylic ether.
Dambre: see DAMMAR.
Dam-brod, dam-board. ‘Sv. [f. Dam s/.°
+ Brop2, Boarp: = Du. dambord, Ger., Da.
and white, But no such Roses see I in her cheekes. 16..
Wotton Farewell to Vanities, Beauty, th’ eye’s idol, [is]
but a damask’d skin. 1652 Bentowe Theoph. 1. xxviii,
So Roses damaskt robe, praukt with green ribbons, sents,
5. Furnished or hung with damask.
1861 Our English Home 134 The damasked chambers.
+ Damaskee'n, -kin, z. and s/. Ods. Also
6-en, -yne. [a. I. damasguin, -ine damascene,
ad. It. damaschino, f. Damasco, Damascus. ]
A. adj. =DAMASCENE a.
1ggr in Strype Ecc?. Mem. 11. 1. ix. 319 Under a baron,
no man to wear..any embroidery of gold or silver, or
damasken work or goldsmiths work. 1585 T. WAsHINGTON
tr. Nicholay’s Voy. Turkie u. xxiii. 62b, Vessels of gold
. faire painted after the Damaskin fashion.
B. sé. A Damascus blade.
1562 J. SHutE 7zvo Comm. ii. Ccj a (Stanford), A Scimitar
bending lyke vnto a falchion, he was a righte damaskyne.
1625 Purcnas Pilgrims I. 1. i. P2. 346 A Damaskeen, or
Turkish Sword, richly garnished with Siluer and Gilt. c1645
Howe t Lett. Chas. [ (1753) 124 No old Toledo Blades, or
Damaskins.
keen (deemiaski‘n),v. In 6 -kane, 6-7
-kine, 8-9 -quine, -keen. [a. F. damasguiner, f.
damasquin adj.: see prec.] = DAMASCENE v.
185 ‘I. Wasnincton tr. Nicholay’s Voy. Turkie 1. ix.
84 b, A litle hatchet damaskined. 1613 Purcnas Pilgrim-
age I. xiii. (1626) 315 Cups of fine Corinthian Latten, gilded
and damaskined. 1 Lytton Harold 1x. iii, His axe..
was so richly gilt and damasquined. 1863 — Cartoniana I.
152 Only on their hardest steel did the smiths of Milan
damaskeen the gracious phantasies.
Hence Damaskee'ned ///. a., Damaskee‘ning
vol. sb.
ad Phil. Trans. X1. 715 The Persians are exquisitely
skilful in damaskining with Vitriol. 1727-51 CHAMBERS
Cycl., Damaskeening, the art, or act, of adorning iron,
steel, etc. by making incisions therein, and filling them up
with gold or silver wire. 1882 Cornh. Mag. Feb. 171 His
drawn sword with its beautiful damasquined blade.
Da'masker. *ave~'. [f. Damask v. + -FR.]
= DAMASCENER.
1621 Canterbury ec bedian 2 Licences (MS.), Robert Wors-
ley of St. Marys in Sandw’ch, damasker.
Damasking (demaskin), vd/. sd. [-1NG1.]
The action of the verb DAMASK ; es/. the damas-
cening of metal.
1ggt Percivaut Sf, Dict., Atauxta, damasking of a knife
or sword. 1 . Puitus Tavernier’s Trav. v. xii, The
Persians are excellent artists at Damasquing with vitriol, or
engraving Damask-wise upon Swords, 1881 Blackw. Mag.
May 567 The art of damasking (which is a very different
matter from the damaskeening alluded to just now) has lost
its use since swords have ceased their service.
b. transf. (In quot. 1660 applied to the natural
veining or ‘ marbling’ of wood.)
r6xx Speen Hist. Gt. Brit.v. vii. 40 Their painting and
damasking of their Bodies. 1660 Evetyn Zo Dr. Wilkins
17 Feb., Above all conspicuous for these workes and
damaskings, is the Maple.
ueenery. vave—°. [a. F. damasgui-
nerie.| The art of damascening ; damask-work.
I Bartry (folio), Damasguenery, Steel work damas-
keened, or the Art itself. 1775 Asn, Damasgueenery.
|| Damasqui'ne (-skz'n). = DAMASKEEN sé.
in WeaLe, Dict. Terms.
l| (dima:se). [F. damassé = linge
damassé Hatzfeld.] A kind of linen manufactured
in Flanders, woven with flowers and figures like
damask. 1864 in WeesTER.
Damassen, -syn, -zeene, -zine, obs. forms of
Damson.
lambret, Sw. dambride, the board on which the
| dams or jeu de dames is played.) A draught-board.
b. attrib, Checkered.
1 Inv. Goods of D. Steuart, Earl of Buchan (MS.), 8
Dachosrd T[able] Cloths. 1826 J. Witson Noct. pres
Wks. 1855 I. 124 Baith at g and the dambrod. 1870
Ramsay Remin, v. (ed. 18) 113 [She] asked to be shown
table-linen, a dam-brod pattern.
Dame (déim). Also 5 Sc. deym(e, 5- Sc. deme,
9 north. dial. deame, deeam. [a. OF. dame
(11th c. in Littré):-earlier damme = Pr. dama,
domna, It. donna:—L. domina \ady, mistress, fem.
of dominus lord, master. A variant now differen-
tiated is Dam 2.]
I. Expressing relation or function.
+1. A female ruler, superior or head :=‘ lady ’,
as fem. of /ord (‘our most gracious Sovereign
Lady, Queen Victoria’); the superior of a nunnery,
an abbess, prioress, etc. Also fig. or transf. Obs.
a122g Ancr. R. 428 Almihti God ..3iue ure dame his
race, so lengre so more, ¢ Chron. Vilod. 774 When
e [= she] was hurr’ Abbas and hurr’ Dame. c 1490 Prom.
Parv. 113(MS. K) Dame, domina, 1594 T. B. La Primaud,
Fr. Acad. 11. 440 Reason, which is the principal faculty
and power of the soule. .is called of them the Dame,
and Mistress. 1667 Mitton P, Z. 1x. 612 Sovran of
Creatures, universal Dame. 1677 Gate Crt. Gentiles 1.
11. 139 Zenobia Queen of Arabia and Dame of Antioch.
2. The ‘lady’ of the house, the mistress of a
household, a housewife. Now archaic or dial.
(my dame =my wife, my ‘ missus’), or humorously
applied to an aged housewife.
1330 R. Brunxe Chron. Wace 13150 At Londone anober
kyng gan wone .. Saberk pan was his name, Dame Rytula
highte his dame. ¢1386 Cuaucer Ship. 7.356, L toke vnto
our dame 3oure wif at home be same gold a3ein. 1483 Cath.
Angl. ) Dame; vbia huswyfe. zeng Coveapals ‘Sa. Xxiv.
2 The Master as the seruant, the like the _mayde.
1548-9 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer, Catechism Rubr., Fathers,
mothers, maisters, and dames. 1 Bitson Govt. Christ's
Ch. 58 any pen nee h either maid, or ap-
prentise is called Dame: and yet Dame is as much as
Domina and used to Ladies of greatest account, as Dame
Isabel and Madam. 16xx Suaxs. Wint. 7. 1v. iv. 57 Upon
This day, she was. . Both Dame and Seruant : Welcom’d all,
seru'd all. im Ricwarpson Pamela III, Wii. 147 The
Gentry love him and my Dame, and the People
adore them. Cartyte in Emerson Zng. yj vaits Wks.
oe] to every son
woman, .
b. ¢ransf.
1632 Miron L'Adlegro 52 The cock .. stoutly struts his
dames before.
8. The mistress of a private elementary school for
children. (Usually an old woman or widow.) Now
almost Ods. .
a@ 1649 Winturor New Eng. (1826) II. 50 He bewailed..
his disobedience to his parents, his slighting and despising
their instructions and the instructions of his dame. 1850
W. Irvine Goldsmith i, Those good old mot! dames,
found in every village, who cluck together the callow
brood .. to teach them their letters.
4. At Eton: A matron who keeps a boarding-
house for boys at the school. (Also applied to a
man who does the same.)
©1737 H. Watrore Let. to Montagu (185 ) 1.15 A dame.
over the way, that has just locked in 5 1825,
C. M. Wesrmacotr Eng. Spy 1. 52 Do bid the Dames
of old Eton a) > = ISRAELI 1. ii,
room in the Dame's house where we our own
breakfast. 1886 DowpEn Life Shelley 1, 22 Hexter, . being,
DAME.
not only an Eton writing-master and a ‘dame’, but also
a magistrate of the eee
IL. Expressing rank or honour.
5. A form of address originally used to a lady of
rank, or a woman of position; the feminine corre-
sponding to S%ve; =My lady, Madam: gradually
extended to women of lower rank, and, after the
16th c., left to these (cf. senses 2, 6c).
ax225 Leg. Kath. 2080 Hu nu, dame, dotestu? Cwen,
acangestu nu? a@1300 Cursor M8349 (Cott.) Dame, I did
pe hider call, Als mi wedded wijf of all. a@ Led Floriz
§ Bl. 56 Dame, he sede, pis hail is po ¢1386 CHAUCER
Reeve's T. 36 Per durst no wi3t clepe hur but dame. a 1440
Sir Eglam. 871 ‘Dame,’ he seyde to the qwene, ‘ Mekylle
of solas have we sene.’ ¢ 1462 Wright's Chaste Wife 139
Thus seyd the wyfe of the hows, ‘Syr, how faryth my
swete spouse..?’ ‘Sertes, dame,’ he seyd, ‘wele’. c1470
Henry Wadlace v. 330 A wedow thar duelt..‘ Fayr deyme’,
he said, ‘go get sum meit forme’. 1606 Suaxs. Ant. & Cl.
Iv. iv. 29 Fare thee well Dame, what ere becomes of me,
This is a Soldiers Kisse, 1669 Penn Wo Cross x.§ 5 Now..
men of ordinary Trades in England [are called] Sir, and their
Wives, Dame; (which is the legal Title of a Lady), or else
Mistress. 1722 De For Cod. Yack (1840) 90 How much was
it, dame?
+6. Prefixed as a title to the name of a lady or
woman of rank; = Lady, Mistress, Miss. Now
only fig. in personifications, as Dame Fortune,
Dame Nature.
1300 Cursor M. 23719 (Cott.) Dame [v.7. Dam] fortune
turnes ban hir quele. ‘c1305 Saints’ Lives in EZ. FE. P.
(1862) 71 Tuei maidenes clene ynou hire dou3tren were also
ame Margerie and dame Alice... Dame Mabille pe gode
moder pis children louede ynou. cr Cuaucer Man of
Law’s T. 151 The Emperours doghter dame Custance.
1413 Lyne. Pilgr. Sow/e 1. i. (1859) 1 The noble worthy
lady dame Misericord. 1500-20 DunBar Lucina Schynnyng
zt Me thocht Deme Fortoun .. Stude me beforne. 1568
Grarton Chron. II. 119 Alexander king of Scottes maryed
dame Jane the sister of king Henry. 1593 [see 2]. 1600
Tuynne Emblems xiii, Dame Lais is a puritane. 1669
A. Browne Ars Pict. (1675) 14 Dame Nature is extremely
Various in her Representations.
b. The legal title prefixed to the name and sur-
name of the wife of a knight or baronet, for which
Lady prefixed to the surname is in common use.
1611 Patents creating baronets in Selden Titles Hon. u.
v. § 46 Quod uxores .. gaudeant hac appellatione, videlicet
Anglice, Lady, Madame, et Dame respective, secundum
usum loquendi. 1614 /d7d. 11. ix. $2 By custom. .the Ladies
that are Knights’ wives are in conveyance for the most part
stiled Dames, and other Ladies only of greater honor,
Ladies; which we see is a title much more frequently given
to this sex than Lord to males. 1648 Prynne Plea for Lords
42 Dame Alice Piers was brought before the lords. 166
Protests Lords \. 19 Sir Edward Powell Knt. and Brt.,
and Dame Mary his wife. 1793 in J. L. Chester Westwz.
Abbey me (1876) 452 Dame Sidney Hawkins [relict of
a knight] died the 18th,
ce. Prefixed to the surname of a housewife, an
elderly matron or schoolmistress. arch. or dial.
c1300 Havelok 558 [Grim] bar him hom to hise cleue,
And bi-taucte him dame leue [his wife]. 1575 J. Sritt
Gamm. Gurton Prol., Dame Chat her deare gossyp. [Also
called ‘Goodwife Chat’, ‘Mother Chat’.] 79x Boswett
Johnson, He was first taught to read English by Dame
Oliver, a widow, who kept a school for young children in
Soi ea Chapbook title. The History of Dame Trot and
er Cat.
7. The wife or daughter of a lord; a woman of
rank, a lady. Now historical or poetic.
1530 Patscr. 212/1 Dame, a lady, dame.
Cavenpisu Life of Wolsey, Your ..
assembled such a number of excellent fair dames. 1590
Suaks. Aids. NV. v.i. 298[Thisbe] the fairest Dame That liu’d,
that lou’d, that lik’d, that look’d with cheere. 1606 — 7%.
& Cr. 1. iii. 282 Hee’l say in Troy .. The Grecian Dames
are sun-burnt, 1630 Wapswortu Pilgr. vii. 73 They..
intice likewise the — Dames. 1702 Pore Sappho 17, No
more the Lesbian dames my passion move. 1764 GoLpsm.
Trav. 251 Dames of ancient days Have led their children
through the mirthful maze. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. 1.
383 Dames of high rank visited him [Claude Duval] in
prison. 1856 Mrs. Brownine Aur, Leigh 1. 345 She had
the low voice of your English dames.
b. A woman in rank next below a lady: the wife
ofa knight, squire, citizen, yeoman. arch. or dial.
oo Llc ein Gueuara’s Fam. Ep. (: 577) 20 The Ladyes
and dames that serue you, and the gallants and Courtiers
that attende vppon you. 1752 JoHNson Rambler No. 189
? pe city dame who talks of her visits at great houses,
where she happens to know the cook-maid. 1864 CapERN
Devon Provincialism, Dame, an appellation bestowed on
yeomen’s wives.
ce. The title of female members of the Primrose
‘League of the same rank as the ‘ knights’,
7 G. S. Lane Fox Primrose League 13 The members
of the League consist of Knights, Dames, and Associates
(men and women).
III. A mother; =Dam sd.2
+8. A mother. Ods. a, of human beings.
_@ 1228 Ancr. R. 230 Ase be moder mid hire 3unge deor-
linge vlihd from him .. & let hit sitten one, & loken 3eorne
abuten, & cleopien, Dame! dame! & weopen. c x2 5 in
O. E. Misc. 190 Hire sire and hire dame preteb hire to bete.
€ 1386 Cuaucer Mancifle’s T. 213 Thus taughte me my
dame; My sone [etc.]. cx400 Zest. Love Prol. (1560)
272/t In such wordes as wee learneden of our dames
tongue. ?cx475 Sgr. lowe Degre 622 To bydde this
chylde go sucke his dame. 1893 SHaxs. Lucr. 1477 The
sire, the sonne, the dame and daughter die.
b. of animals; =Dam sh.2 2.
¢1320 R. Brunns Medit. 286 As chekenes crepyn yndyr
Von. III. ;
a1562 G,
nquette, where was
17
be dame wyng. c¢x1400 Maunpev. (1839) xxx. 302 pei
putten forth anon the 3onge foles and maken hem to ny3en
after hire dames, 1 DALL, etc. Hrasm. Par. Matt.
xxi, 100 This she asse is the dame of the fole. 1. Yonc
Diana 219 Despoyling the harmlesse Nightingale of her
deerest pretie ones, and the sorrowfull Dame fluttering vp
and downe ouer their heads. 1709 Biair in Phil. Trans.
XXVII. 63 They quit their Dame at 6 Months.
IV. +9. The queen at chess. [= F. dame.]
Obs. rare.
1574 HetLowes Gueuara’s Fam. Ep. (1584) 231 Somtimes
we were wont to play at the chesse .. and [I] cannot advise
me that you gave me the dame.
V. 10. Comb.,as dame-errant (xonce-wd. after
knight-errant); dame-school, an clementary
school for children kept by a dame.
1852 Miss Yonce Cameos (1877) II. xxxiii. 338 Henry
received her with the courtesy due to a distressed dame-
errant, 182x Mar. Epcrewortu Seguel to Rosamond I.
65 The name of this ‘tiny play’ .. ‘The Dame-school
Holiday.’ 1876 Granr Burgh Sch, Scotl. u. xvi. 527
Dame schools’ .have..ceased to exist in Scotland.
Dame, obs. f. Dam sd.1 and 4, and Damn.
Damegeous, var. DaMacEous Oés., injurious.
Dameisele, damesel(le, obs. ff. DAMSEL.
Dames, obs. form of DAMASK.
Damesé, var. of DaAMASEE Ods., damson.
Damesene, obs. form of Damson.
Dameship (déi-mfip). nonce-wad. [f. DAME 5d.
+-sHip.] The office or position of a dame.
1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev. 1. 1. viii, He shall have..a
Dameship of the Palace for his niece.
Dameson, -yn, obs. forms of DAMSon.
Dame’s-violet. [A transl. of the Latin name
in the old herbalists, Vzo/a matronalis, or of its
equivalents. The form damas or damask violet
appears to have been a corruption.] A popular
name of the common Garden Rocket, /esfer?s
matronalis; by Lyte called also Dame’s Gilliflower.
1578 Lyte Dodoens u. v. 153 Of Dames violets or Gilo-
floures .. These floures be now called in Latine Violx
Matronales [so in Turner 1562]: in English Damaske
violets, Dames violets or Gillofers, and Rogues gillofers ;
in French Violettes de Dames; in base Almaigne Mast-
bloemen, and after the Latine name they call it Joncfrouwen
vilieren, which may be Englished Dames violets. 1597
GerarvE Herbal u. cxvi. § 1.
Queenes Gilloflowers. 1688 R. Home Armoury u. 74/1
‘The double Dame Violet groweth many together in a
knot. 1886 Pall MallG.8Oct. 5/1 The sweet smell of the
purple dame’s-violet.
Damicel, obs. form of DAMSEL.
Damie (démi). Sc. [f. Dame + -1n, -y dim,
suffix.] A diminutive or pet form of Dame.
1789 Burns To Dr. Blacklock v, Ye glaiket, gleesome,
dainty damies [the Muses].
Damisel, -en, obs. ff. DAMSEL, Damson.
|| Dammar (dee'ma1). Also (?5 dambre), 7-9
damar, 8-9 dammer. [a. Malay damar resin,
whence the botanical genus Dammara (N.O. Coni-
Jere), the typical species of which, D. orientalis,
yields the resin in Amboyna and the Moluccas.]
The name of various resins obtained from different
trees growing in the East Indies, New Guinea, and
New Zealand ; esf. the cat’s-eye resin (Z. Jndia
Dammar) from Dammara orientalis, used instead
of pitch for caulking ships, etc., and the Kauri-gum
from D. australis of New Zealand ; both these are
used for making varnish. White Dammar, or
Dammar Pitch, is obtained from Vateria indica;
Black Dammar from Canarium strictum. (Also
D -cum, Da -resin, Gum Dammar.)
[c 1440 Secrees 165 A dragme and a half of good muske,
& a dragme of dambre, and pre dragmes of be tree of
aloes.] 1698 Fryer Acc. E. /udia & P. 37 The..Planks
are sowed together... and calked with Dammar (a sort
of Rosin taken out of the sea). 1727 A. HAMILTON
New Acc. E. Ind. I. xxxviii. 73 Damar, a Gum that
is used for making Pitch and Tar for the Use of Shipping.
1805 Trans. Soc, Encourag. Arts XXIII. 412 Resins..
called _dammer in India.. the produce of various trees.
1892 R. Kietinc Barrack-r. Ballads 130 He has taken
my bale of dammer and spice I won beyond the seas.
|| Da‘mmara. Zot. [See prec.] A genus of
trees yielding dammar. Also aftrib., as dammara
resin, Hence in Chem. Da‘mmaran, a neutral
resin, and Dammarric ac7d, constituents of dam-
mar. Da'‘mmarin, Da‘mmarol, Da’mmarone,
Da‘mmaryl, chemical derivatives of dammar.
* 1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem. Il. 301 Dammara_ resin,
Australian. .consists of an acid resin, dammaric acid, an
a neutral resin, dammaran.
+Da‘mmaret. Os. Also damouret. [ad. F.
dameret ‘an effeminate fondling or fond carpet
knight’ (Cotgr.) ; deriv. of dame lady.] A ladies’
man: ‘one that spends his whole time in the
entertaining or courting of women’ (Cotgr.).
1635 Drumm. or Hawtu. Commend. Verses to Person’s
Varieties, The Lawyer here may learne Divinity The
Divine, Lawes .. The Dammaret respectively to fight, The
Duellist to court a Mistresse right. a1649 — Fam. Epist.
Wks. (1711) 145 Place me with a damouret..if I praise him
in the presence of his mistress, he will be ready to perform
like duties to me.
Dammas, -aske, obs, forms of DAMASK.
376 Dames Violets or |
DAMN.
Dammasin, obs. form of Damson.
Damme (demi). Also 7 dammee,
dammy.
1, zt. Shortened form of Damn me! used as a
profane imprecation.
c 1645 Howett Lett. (1650) I. 237 My Lord Powis..
said, dammy if ever he come to be King of England, I
will turn rebel. 1652 Zotal Rout in Commw. Ballads
(Percy Soc.) 132 Hee’s not a gentleman that wears a sword,
And fears to swear dammee at every word. 179t Wotcotr
(P. Pindar) Magpie §& Robin Wks. 1812 II. 476 Damme is it
you? 1848 THackeray Van. Fair lv, Tandyman wouldn’t
pay: no, dammy, he wouldn't pay.
2. assb, a. The oath itself, or its utterance.
1775 SHERIDAN Rivals m1. iv, Let me begin with a damme.
1823 Byron Yvan x1. xliii, And yet the British ‘ Damme’s’
rather Attic.
+b. transf. A person addicted to using this
oath ; a profane swearer. Also +damme-boy. Obs.
1618 Mynsnut Zss. Prison 45 Though he steale his
band of tenne thousand Dam-mees. @1658 CLEVELAND (N.),
Punks and dammy-boys. 1662 NewcomEe Diary (Chetham
Soc.) 52 The ranting dammees of y° nation. 1674 Cotton
Contpl. Gamester in Singer Hist. Cards 335 A grand-jury
of dammees.
+3. attrib. or adj. Obs.
1660 H. Apis Fannaticks Mite *iijb, That multitude of
dammy and debauched Baudy-houses.
Damme, obs. form of Dam, Day.
Dammed (demd), ff/. a. [f. Dam v.1+-ED.]
Furnished with a dam; obstructed or confined by
a dam (usually with 2).
1664 DryDEN /nd. Queen iw.i, Like dammed-up streams.
1879 ATCHERLEY Boérland 97 This race was intended to
bring water from a dammed creek.
Dammer (dma), sd, [f Dam v.) + -ER 1]
One who constructs dams.
1816 Scotr Ax/zg. xxiii, Auld George Glen the dammer
and sinker.
+ Da‘mmer, v. Obs. rave. [Cf Ger. diimmern
to become dim, to dim.] To make dim or dark.
1610 HoLtanp Camden's Brit. (1637) 649 So greate a
mercate towne and faire withall that .. it dammereth and
dimmeth the light in some sort of Radnor.
Dammer, var. Damar, resin.
Dammegs, -ys, obs. Sc. ff. DAMASK.
Damming (de'min), 77. sb. [1nc1.] The
action of the verb Daw!; obstructing or confining
by adam. (Also with 2.)
1802 Prayrair (lusty. Hutton. Th. 353 The damming
up of those rivers. 1861 HuGues 7om Brown at Ox/.
xvii. (1889) 162 A small brook .. with careful damming is
made to turn a mill.
Damunisel, obs. form of DAMSEL.
Da'mmish, v. Sc. Also daimish. [Possibly
a variant of DamMacE; OF. had damachier beside
damagier, But cf. Ger. damisch stupil.]
+1. trans. To stun, stupefy. Ods.
@1598 Rottock Ox the Passion (1616) 38 (Jam.) As
a man who falls downe from an high place ..lyes without
sense, and is dammished with the fall. 1722 Woprow //7s¢.
Sug? Ch. Scot. 11. 25 He was perfectly dammished with
the stroke.
2. To bruise the surface of (an apple or similar
fruit) by a knock.
In south of Scotland (daimish).
Dammosen, obs. form of Damson.
Damn (dem), v. Forms: 3-6 dampne, (4
dempne, damp), 4-7 damne, (5 dame, 5-6
damme, 5-7 dam, 7 damb), 7- damn. [a. OF.
dampne-r, damne-r, ad. L. damnare, dampnire,
orig. to inflict damage or loss upon, to condemn,
doom to punishment ; taken early into F. in legal
and theological use. Cf. Pr. dampnar, It.damnare.]
+1. trans. To pronounce adverse judgement on,
affirm to be guilty; to give judicial sentence
against ; = CONDEMN I (in part), 2. Ods.
@1300 Cursor M. 13756 (Cott.), I damp pe not quar-so pou
far, But go nu forth and sin na mar. 1382 Wycuir Zohn
viii. ro Womman, wher ben thei that accusiden thee? no
man dampnede thee. ¢ 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. Prol. 387
It is no maysterye for a lord To dampne a man with-oute
answere. 1440 J. SHirtey Dethe K. ¥ames (1818) 23 This
same Erle of Athetelles was endited, arreyned, and dampned.
i Caxton G. de la Tour N iij, Ye hadde made hym to
be dacsnoed and destroyed withoute cause. 1495, 1551 [see
Damnep 1].
+b. To condemn /o a particular penalty or fate ;
to doom; =CoNnDEMN 3, 6. Ods.
@ 1300 Cursor M, 20888 (Gitt.) Bat ananias and his wijf
For suilk he dampned paim of lijf. c13z0 R. BRuNNE
Medit. 556 Pylat..dampnede his Lorde to dye on the croys.
c 10 Towneley Myst. 209 Pylate, do after us, And dam to
deth Jesus. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 382/2, ii. thousand
ple cristen which had been longe there dampned for to
few the marble. 1557 A. Arthur (Copland) vin. ii, So
she was dampned by the assent of the barons to be brente.
1559 Mirr. Mag., Tresilian xvii, I poore Tresilyan..was
dampned to the galowes. 1611 Sprep Hist. Gt. Brit. v1.
xlviil. 168 Let the Edict be dambd to eternal silence. 1734
Pore Ess. Man 1. 284 See Cromwell damned to everlasting
fame. 1872 Biackmore Mazd of Sk. (1881) 69, I will take
it as a separate case, and damn the country in the fees.
+2. Toadjudge and pronounce (a thing, practice,
etc.) to be bad; to adjudge or declare forfeited,
unfit for use, invalid, or illegal; to denounce or
3
7-9
DAMN.
annul authoritatively ; to Conpemy. Ods. exc. as
in b, or as associated with other senses.
1386 Cuaucer MWife's ig OE For hadde God co-
maundid maydenhede, ‘Than he dampnyd_ weddyng
with the dede. 1387 Trevisa Hi (Rolls) VIII. 289
Kyng Edward dampned sodeynliche fals money pat was
slyliche i-brou3t up. 1483 Ricu. III in Ellis Orig. Lett. m.
xlii. 1. ro5 Damnyn, oad utterly distroying all the stamps
and Irons. 1556 Chron. Grey Friars (Camden) 20 And
also there [Paul’s Cross].. ware many bokes of eryses..
damnydand brent be fore hysface. 1635 Pacitr Christianogr.
mt. (1 iy 40 A Councell, in which Image-worshippe was
damn 1676 Wycuertey Pl. Dealer Prol., And with
faint praises one another damn [cf. Pope Pro/. Sat, 200).
1 Sneawooe Mem. (ed. 3) 231 All the Charters in the
Hingdors were damn’d in the space of a Term or two. 1797
Gopwin Enguirer u1, vii. 266 We should [not] totally damn
a man’s character for a few faults. 1868 G. Durr Pol.
Surv. 9 An assembly..gathered together for the express
purpose of damning modern civilization.
b. spec. To condemn (a literary work, usually
a play) as a failure; to condemn by public expres-
sion of disapproval.
1654 WuitLock Zootomia 254 We glosse him with Invec-
tives, or damne the whole Book for Erratas. 1696 tr. Dit
Mont’s Voy. Levant Avij, The Book must be damn'd for
the Clownishness of the Author. 1749 Fietpinc 7om Jones
xut. xi, A new play, at which two large parties met, the one
to damn, and the other to applaud. 1791 BosweLt Yohnson
an. 1777, A comedy by Mr. Hugh Kelly, which..in the
play-house phrase, was damned. 1860 J. P. Kennepy W.
Wirt 1. xx. 309 The ordeal of facing the authorship of a play
that has been damned. ;
+e. Used by Coverdale as a rendering of Heb.
DNA to devote to destruction. Obs.
1535 CovERDALE Josh. vi. 18 Howbeit this cite, & all
that is therin, shalbe damned vnto the Lorde..Onely be-
warre of it that is damned, lest ye damne youre selues (yf ye
take ought of it which is damned). /éid. xi. 11 He..smote
all the soules that were therin with the edge of the swerde,
and damned it..& damned Hasor with fyre.
3. transf. To bring condemnation upon; to prove
a curse to, be the ruin of.
1477 Ear Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 68 The wikked werkes
dampne and distroye the good. 16rx SHaks. Cyd, 111. iv.
76 Hence vile Instrument, Thou shalt not damne my hand.
1607 — Timon WwW. iii. 165. 1691 T. H[ace] New /uvent,
p. Ixxxiii, He would damn all Patents that damned the
River. 1728 Younc Love Fame iii. (1757) 101 Who borrow
much..And damn it with improvements of their own. 1848
Lp. G. Bentinck in Croker Papers III. xxv. 165 The
Budget has damned the Whig Government in the country.
1893 Publishers’ Circular 3 June 623/1 Chapman’s. .remark-
able preface. .if written by a modern author would at once
damn his book,
4. Theol. To doom to eternal punishment in the
world to come; to condemn to hell.
©1325 Metr. Hom, 112 Sain Jon hafd gret pite That slic
a child suld dampned be. ar Hampote Psalter i. 6
Wicked sall noght rise.. for to deme, bot for to be demed
and dampned. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour E ij, He
wold pray god for hym that he myght knowe whether she
was dampned or saued. a1533 Lp. Berners Huon xlv.
151 Haue pyte of your owne soule, the whiche shal be
dampnyd in hell. 1638 Cuitiincw. Relig. Prot. 1. ii. § 101
You damne all to the fire, and to Hell, that any way differ
from you. 1727 Swirt 7o Very Young Lady, Some people
take more pains to be damned, than it would cost them to
be saved. 1870 M. Conway Earthw. Pilgr. xxiii, 270 He
had rather be damned with Plato than saved with those
who anathematised him. :
b. transf. To cause or occasion the eternal
damnation of.
1340 Ayend. 115 He is mansla3te and him-zelue damnep ase
zayp pe wrytinge. 1377 Lanor. P. P/. B. x1. 92 Ri3t so
goddes body bretheren but it be worthily taken, Dampneth
vs atte daye of dome. c1440 York Myst. xviii. 161 Pe
dedis pat vs schall dame be-dene. 1547 Bautpwin Mor.
Philos. 11. iii, The iustice of God and their owne desertes
damne them vnto euerlasting death. 1658 Whole Duty Max
xvi. § 1. 127 Some..make it their only comfort, that their
enemies will damn themselves by it. @1703 Burkitt On
N. T., Luke i. 66 ’Tis..the contempt and neglect of the
sacrament that damns, 1837 J. H. Newman Par. Serm.
(ed. 2) III. xv. 235 You have the power to damn yourself.
+c. In passive sense: =e damned. Obs. rare.
16xr Beaum. & FL. Philaster w. ii, Cle. Sir, shall I lie?
King. Yes, lie and damn, rather than tell me that. 1625
Massincer New Way u. i, So he serve My purpose, let
him hang or damn, I care not.
5. Used profanely (chiefly in optative, and often
with no subject expressed) in imprecations and
exclamations, expressing emphatic objurgation or
reprehension of a person or thing, or sometimes
merely an outburst of irritation or impatience,
(Now very often printed ‘d——n’ or ‘d——’, in
pa. pple. ‘d—d’.)
(r4gy Joan or Arc in De Barante Ducs de Bourgogne vi.
I 6 - — {les anglais] cent roe e = de
plus qu’a présent, ils n’auront pas ce royaume.] 1 appe
w. Hatchet (1844) 16 Hang a spawne towne it; alls one,
damne it! 1605 Suaks. Aacé, vy. iii. 11 The diuell damne
thee blacke, thou cream-fac’d Loone, 1633 T. Starrorp
Pac. Hib, vi, (1821) 292 His owne manifold Letters. .(full of
God damne him). 1709 Steer 7'atler No, 13 1 Call the
Chairmen: Damn 'em, I warrant they are at the Ale-house
already! 275r SmMotterr Per. Pick. viii, I'll be d——d if
ever I cross the back of a horse again. 1815 Scott Guy M.
xxxvi, Then take broadswords and be d——d to you.
Dickens 7°. two Cities 1. ii, One pull more and you're at the
top, and be damned to you, Tuackeray 2% mis
xxvii, D— it, I love you: I am your old father.
6. To ey wegen damnation upon; to curse, swear
at (using the word ‘damn’). Also aédso/.
18
1624 Massincer Parl. Love 1. v, If you have travelled
Italy, and brought home Some remnants of the language,
and can.. est, and swear, and damn. 1665 DrypreN
Indian Emp. Epil., Their proper business is to damn the
Dutch. 1796 StepmMan Surinam I, vii. 135 Insulted by
a row-boat, which damned him, and spoke of the whole crew
in the most brious terms. 1848 Macavray //ist.
Eng. (1871) I. xiii. 49 The dragoons. .cursing and damning
him, themselves, each other, at every second word.
Damn (dem), sb. [f. prec. vb.
(The conjecture that, in sense 2, the word is the Hindi dam,
dawm, an ancient copper coin, of which 1600 went to a rupee
(see Yule), is ingenious, but has no basis in fact.)]
1. The utterance of the word damn’ as a profane
imprecation.
1619 Fretcuer M. Thomas u. ii, Rack a maids tender
ears, with dam’s and Devils. 1719 De For Crusoe (1850)
II. 460 ‘ What ! he no hear you curse, swear, speak de great
damn?’ 19775 SHeripan Rivais u1.i, Ay, ay, the best terms
will grow obsolete. Damns have had their day. 1849
THACKERAY Pendennis \xvii, How many damns and curses
have you given me, along with my wages? 1877 Besant &
Rice Son of Vulc.1. xii, That (oath] once discharged, he
relapsed. .into numerous commonplace damns. 3
2. Used vaguely (in unconventional speech) in
phrases not worth a damn, not to care a damn.
(Cf. Curse 5d. 2%.)
1760 Gotpso. Cit. W. xlvi, Not that I care three damns
what figure I may cut. 1817 Byron Diary Wks. (1846)
423/1 A wrong..system, not worth a damn. 1827 Scott
¥rni. (1890) 11. 22 Boring some one who did not care a d—
about the matter, so to speak. 1849 Macautay Life § Lett.
(1883) II. 257 How they settle the matter I care not, as the
Duke [of Wellington] says, one twopenny damn.
Damne, obs. (erron.) form of Dam.
Damnability (demnsbille). [fnext.] Quality
of being damnable; liability to damnation.
1 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 438/1 The damnabilitie
belonging to the mortall offence. 1648 Be. Durra Angels
Rejotc. 19 It may bring adamnability (as the Schoole speakes',
but not damnation, 1845 CARLYLE Cromwell I. iv. 72 Which
in that time meant temporal and eternal Damnability.
Damnable (dz ‘mnab’l), a. Also 4-6 damp-
nable. [a. F. damnable, in 12-13th c. dampnadble,
ad. L. dam(p)ndbilis, f. damnare: see DAMN.]
+1. Worthy of condemnation ; to be reprobated ;
highly reprehensible, Ods. (or merged in 2, 4.)
¢1380 Wycur Se/. Wks. III. 341 Myche more ben pei
dampnable pat letten Goddis lawe toshyne. 1509 BARCLAY
Shyp of Folys 123 Than it iasmeyeus in erth no game is
more damnable. 1634 Prynne Documents agst. Prynne
(Camden) 21 For a man to endeavour to defraude the Kinge
of this treasure is a most damnable offence. 1841 EMERSON
Lect., Conservative Wks, (Bohn) II. 268, I observe that there
is a jealousy of the newest, and that the seceder from the
seceder is as damnable as the pope himself.
+b. Liable to judicial condemnation. Ods. rare.
¢1460 Towneley Myst. 193 Sir Cayphas, bi my wytt, he
shuld be dampnabille. : .
2. Subject to divine condemnation; liable to or
worthy of damnation.
1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 3768 Pys synne ys nat
dampnable But hyt be seyde custummable. a 1340 HAMPOLE
Psalter xvii. 25 be ynes of dampnabil men. 1532 More
Confut. Tindale Wks. 475/2 The contrarye beliefe per-
tayneth to the damnacion of our soules, if heresye be
damnable, 1614 H. Greenwoop yf Delivery 468 O what
must poore lamentable damnable I doe to be saved. 1751
Smottett Per. Pic. xxxvi, Those enthusiasts who look
upon every schism from the established articles of faith as
damnable. 1882-3 Scuarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl. U1. 1366
Who makes us damnable. .of his own will.
+38. Causing loss or harm ; hurtful, pernicious.
Obs. rare.
c1420 Pallad, on Hush. 1. 181 Yf thi wey be foule, it is
dampnable. 1659 B. Harris Parival's [ron Age 108 A most
damnable Victory to the House of Austria.
+b. Causing damnation. Ods. rare.
— Hieron Serm. (1634) 185 The mercy of God, if it
bee rightly applyed, there is nothing more comfortable ; if
it be al . there is nothing more damnable.
4. As a strong expression of angry dislike (or
merely as a strong intensive): Fit to be ‘damned’;
‘damned’, ‘confounded’. (Now regarded as vulgar
or profane.)
1594 Sir J. Harincton in Nuge Antig. (1804) 1. 167, I will
wiles damnable storie, and put it in pce) viens: about
Lord ——. 1596 Suaks. 1 en. /V,1, ii. 101 O, thou hast damn-
ableiteration. 1606 — 7%. § Cr. v. i. 29 Thou damnable box
ofenuy thou. 1712 Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) IIT. 347
This isadamnable Shame. 1843 Lyrron Last Barons x. vi,
That damnable wizard and his witch child. 1880 Mars.
Forrester Koy & V. II. 143 That blackguard has been
telling his damnable lies to you.
+B, as adv. Damnably, execrably; also as
a strong intensive. Ods,
r6rz Suaks. Wint, 7. m. ii. 188 That did but shew thee
..inconstant, And damnable ingratefull. 1668 Davenantr
Man's the Master Wks. (1673) 352 She's damnable hand-
som! 1678 BuNyAN te i 1, 152 After he went to the iron
ate [of Doubting Castle] .. but that lock went damnable
a yet the key did open it. 1712-35 ArsuTHNoT John
Bull . xv. (1755) 29 They are damnable greedy of the pence.
Da‘mnableness. [f. prec. + -nxss.] The
quality of being damnable.
1638 Cnittincw. Relig. Prot. Answ. to Pref. § 29 The
question being of the Damnableness of Error.
bly (deemnabli), adv. [f. as prec. +
-LY2,] In a damnable manner.
+1. So as to deserve or incur damnation. Ods.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer J/e/ib. ? 860 Cursedly and dampnably we
DAMNATORY.
han ygilt a3eii lordship. Act ted 4
ygilt a3zeinst 3oure gret ip. 1552 Ac: 2 and
Vi,c1r§1A te nombre of People. .do
dam os yne and refuse to come to their Parishe
Churches. it Cert. Relig. 1. 149 It is
granted, that the invisible Church cannot erre damnably.
Eyee2y Toca Lt, Nat. (1852) Il. 64 He should make
damnably wicked as fast as he can.
2. In a ‘ damnable’ way, execrably, confoundedly ;
sometimes merely as a strong intensive. (Now con-
sidered vulgar or
1596 Suaxs. 1 Hen. IV, w. ii. 14, I haue mis-vs’d the
Kings Presse d bly. D Wild Gallant 1. i,
I was drunk; damnab! with ale. 1687 ConcREVE
Old Bach. 1. i, I find I am damnably in love. € 3753 in
Hanway 7,rav. (1762) 417, 1 hate the dutch most damnably.
1843 Dickens Left, (1880) I. 87 The bitterness of hearing
those infernally and damnably old times extolled.
Damnage, obs. form of DaMacE,
Damnation (demnd@‘fon). Also 3-6 damp-
nacion, -oun, etc. [a. k. damnation, in 12th c.
dampnation, -acion, ad. L. dam( p)nation-em, n. of
action f. damnare: see DAMN v.
+1. The action of condemning, or fact of being
condemned (by judicial sentence, etc.) ; condemna-
tion. Ods. exc. as in b.
@ 1300 Cursor M. 15472(Cott.) pis traitur. . pat bus his suete
lauerd soght vn-to Fate gph Wren Lene xxiii.
40 Nethir thou dredist God, that thou art in the same
dampnacioun? 1 More Ox the Passion Wks. 1276/1
Her offspring.. not .. fallen in dampnacion of death.
1639 Laub ib eile ig Senay 7 In a council .. Pope Alex-
ander III cond 1 Peter Lombard of heresy, and he lay
under that damnation for thirty and six years.
b. The bacon, § of a play, etc. by publicly ex-
pressed disapprova
1742 Fievpinc ¥. Andrews ut. x, Don't lay the damnation
of your play to my account. 1800 Lams Let. to Manning
16 het = in the lobby i diately after the d
1806 H. Sippons Maid, Wife,
tion of the Professor's play.
| etc. II. 147 The fatal cough, well known to authors as the
sure forerunner of dramatic damnation.
2. Theol. Condemnation to eternal punishment
in the world to come; the fact of being damned, or
doomed to hell; spiritual ruin; perdition. (Op-
posed to salvation.)
@ 1300 Cursor M. 16455 (Cott.) Pai ches paim-self dampna-
cion.. And brocht vs til saluacion. cx Hampote Prose
Tr. (1866) 7 Sentence of dampnacyone fielle one me. ¢ 1420
Chron. Vilod. 193 Pat his sowle was sauyd from —
cyon. 1541 Barnes Ws. (1573) 241/2 Hee woulde haue hell
or euerlasting dampnation to hys rewarde. 1616 R. C.
Times Whistle vi. 2481 Whose concupiscence, Like thine,
deservde black helles damnation. en 4 Mitton P, LZ. 1. 215
That with reiterated crimes he might Heap on_ himself
damnation. 1719 Younc Revenge v. ii, So Lucifer broke
into Paradise, And soon damnation follow'd. 1869 W. P.
Mackay Grace & Truth (1875) 243 You are, O sinner, on
the edge of eternal damnation.
b. Cause or occasion of damnation or ruin ; sin
incurring or deserving damnation.
31377 Lanat. P. PZ. B. xt. 89 Goddes body. .is. .deth and
Py oe en Ra or cys yuel. 1386 Cuaucer
tfe’s T. 211 y love?’ ie, ‘nay, hay, my dampna-
cioun’, 1596 Suaxs. J: 4 “Twer demagtion
t
‘o thinke so base a
8. In profane use: @. as an imprecation, or ex-
clamation of emphatic objurgation.
1604 Suaks. Oth, tit. iii. 396 Death, and damnation. Oh !
1709 Steete Zatler No. 137 P2 (He] invokes Hell and
Damnation at the Breaking of a Glass. 1747, Gentl. Mag.
XVII. 46 The ensign more than once drank ‘ Damnation to
all Scotchmen!’ 1836 Marryar MMidsh. Easy xii. 39
‘ Damnation !’ cried the master, who was mad with rage.
b. as adj. or adv. = Degeet e's rh
Luoyp Satyr & Pi ‘cet. . 5 wit
wit metaphors pos ihe bold, And tell’s you he’s par ha
cold; Perhaps, that the self-same wit’s dam-
nation hot. 1772 Ann. Reg. 2 Cam! e!
once did all thy sons O’er tea ion hot, make danin'd
odd puns. Marryat J, Violet xxxvi He would have
the lives of the Frenchman and his nation horse.
\|4. Roman Law. [tr. L. damnatio, with reference
to damnas condemned, sentenced, bound to make
a gift or contribution.] (See quot.)
Mutrneap Uépian xxiv. § 11 a, The most advanta
form of legacy is that by damnation. 1880— Gaius
528 A legacy by damnation... was one in which the testator
an obligation on his heir to give to the the
thing bequeathed, and which afforded the latter a
claim against the heir, but no real right in the
uest,
be pmtoenie
iLosM. Life of Nash (Glo! -)
Ba: he and I 2 tig wach at pied gl oe we both
studied damnationly hard.
Damnatory (de'mnitori), a. [ad. L. damna-
tori-us, {. damnator-em, agent-n. from damnare :
see DAMN v.]
1. Conveying condemnation ; condemnatory.
1682 Case Prot. Eng. 7 The S -is not pretended
to be damnatory., 1817 bcuxmoax Biog. ta FE xxi. 118,
of
I do not arraign the keenness or asperi damnatory
style. 1884 Pall Mail G. 11 Dec, 3/1 No who knows
Dean Burgon will be surprised to find that his view of these
changes is entirely damnatory. 2
b. Occasioning condemnation; damning or
ruinous in effect.
DAMNED.
1858 J. B. Norton Yofics 157 It was either a sneer or
a most damnatory admission. 1862 W. M. Rossertr in
Fraser's Mag. Tul 7o It is a fatal weakness in art, more
damnatory by far than even the tendency to ungainliness.
2. 7heol. Containing or uttering a sentence of
damnation ; gonsigning to damnation ; damning.
I 38 Near Hist. Purit. 1V. 617 Athanasius’s creed being
dich ed by reason of the damnatory clauses. 1838 ARNOLD
Let. in Stanley Life & Corr. (1844) IL. viii. 122, I do not
believe the damnatory clauses in the Athanasian Creed
under any qualification given of them. 1882-3 ScHarr
Encycl. Relig. Knowl. 1. 204/2 Nor was the absence of
baptism damnatory.
ence Da‘mnatorily adv.
1892 J. Bartow /rish /dylls iv. 79 Somewhat damnatorily
faint praise.
Damned (demd, vet. de'mnéd), Zp/. a. [f.
Damn v, +-ED 1]
+1. Condemned, judicially sentenced. Ods.
c1440 Promp. Parv. 113 Dampnyd, dampuatus. 1495
Acti Hen. VIT,c. 48§ 2 Felons, fugitif, outlawed, convicte
and dampned persones. 1551 Rosinson tr. More's Utop.
1. (Arb.) 49 Condempned to be common laborers..In some
partes. .these seruing men (for so be these dampned persons
called) do no common worke. 1616 Brent tr. Savpi's Hist.
Counc. Trent (1676) 442 To shew what Books did contain
damned or Apocryphal Doctrine. 182r Lams Zia Ser. 1.
Witches, The reveries of the cell-damned murderer.
b. Condemned by publicly expressed disapproval,
as a play, etc.: also ¢ramsf. of an author.
1708 Pore Let. to Cromwell 10 May, Damnation follows
death in other men, But your damn’d Poet lives and writes
agen. 1710 /did.17 May, I am, it must be own’d..dead in
a poetical Capacity, as a damn’d Author.
2. Theol. Doomed to or undergoing eternal pun-
ishment ; condemned or consigned to hell.
1393 Gower Conf. I. 189 O dampned man to helle. 1508
Fisuer Wks. (1876) 20 The dampned spyrytes. 1590 SHAks.
Mids, N. ui, ii. 382 Damned spirits all, That in crosse-waies
and flouds haue buriall. 1667 Mitton P. Z. u. 482 For
neither do the spirits damn’d Lose all their virtue. 188z
Rossetti Ballads §& Sonn., Rose Mary u. 43 Full well bath
i A aasae found its goal, O thou dead body and damnéd
soul,
b. adsol. as sb. pl. The souls in hell, ‘the lost’.
?x Communyc. C ij, The payne .. That dampned_ haue
in hell. 16x0 SHaxs, Tem. 1. il, It was a torment To lay
upon the damn’d._ 1651 Hospes Leviath. ut. xxxviii. 242
‘The place of the Damned. 1827 Pottox Course 7. v, In
dreadful apparition, saw before His vision pass the shadows
of the damned.
e. See quot. (Cf. F. dme damnée.)
a1791 Grose Olio, Grumbler viii. (1796) 30 Men who attend
at the Custom house, under the denomination of Damned
Souls, in order, for a certain fee, to sware out any goods
whatsoever for the merchants.
+3. Lying under, or worthy of, a curse ; accursed,
damnable, execrable. Odés. exc. as in 4, or as a con-
scious extension of 2.
I Nowe t in Liturg. Serv. Q. Eliz. (1847) 493 Filthy
and dampned Mahomet, the deceiver of the world. 1603
Knoiies Hist. Turks (1621) 48 A damned writing was
subscribed by the young emperour her son. 1605 SHAks.
Macb. v. i. 39 Out damned spot: out I say. 1667 Sir R.
Moray in Lauderdale Papers (1885) II. lv. 88 There is a
Damned book come hither from beyond sea called Naphtali,
or the Wrestlings of the Church of Scotland. 1 Wot-
cort (P. Pindar) Ode to Burke Wks. 1812 III. 35 What Bat-
like Demon, with the damn’dest spite, Springs on thy fame.
1871 B. Taytor Faust (1875) I. xix. 174 And so, though
even God forgive, On earth a damned existence live.
4, Used profanely as a strong expression of repre-
hension or dislike, or as a mere intensive. Now
usually printed ‘d d’.
1 Suaxs. Tam. Shr. v. i. 122 Where is that damned
villaine Tranio? 1664 Butter Hzd. u. ii. 832 And streight
another with his Flambeaux, Gave Ralpho’s o’er the eyes
a damn’d blow. 1749 Fietpinc Jom Yones xvi. ii, It is
a d——d lie, I never offered him anything. 1830 Gatt
Lawrie T. (1849) u.i. 42 The pigs may do their damnedst
with me. 1848 THackeray Vax. Fair lv, You would be
a d—— fool not to take the place.
b. as adv. Damnably.
1757 Luoyp Satyr §& Pedlar Poet. Wks. I. 57 Damn’d’s
the superlative degree ; Means that alone and nothing more
.-Examples we may find enough, Damn’d high, damn’d
low, damn’d fine, denxe stuff 1768 Foote Devil on
2 Sticks 1. Wks. 1799 II. 25 How damn'd hot itis! 1848
Tuacxeray Van. Fair xiii, I believe she’s d——d fond of me.
Hence + Da‘mnedly adv.
1607 Tourneur Rev. Trag. um. vi, Sup. Fell it out so
accursedly? Amb, Sodamnedly? 1675 R. Heap Art of
Wheedling 186 He mortgages a Soul to the Devil, by
swearing damnedly there is not a cleaner piece of Wine
between Aldgate and Westminster.
+ Damnement, dampne-. Oés. vare. [a. OF.
dam(p)nement, f. dam( p)ner.] Damnation.
1480 Caxton Ovid's Met. xv. x, Cleopatra..shal be ..
deceyved of her folysshe empryse unto shame and to dampne-
ment.
Damner (dma). [f. DAMN z. + -ER 1,] One
who damns : see the verb.
as Power of Keys v. 120 Hindred from being damners
of other men, 1695 Hickertncitt Wks. (1716) 1, 337 Fewer
Swearers and Cursers and Damners. 1743 Garrick Lethe
1, I wasa great damner [of plays] myself, Letore Iwas damn’d.
1852 T. Parker in Life §& Corr. I. 150 Damnation is of no
advantage to the damned, only to the damner.
+ Da‘mnifiable, ¢. Os. rare. [f. Damnrry +
-ABLE (here in active sense).] Injurious, hurtful,
detrimental.
1604 T. Wricut Passions 1. v. 21 To provide for them-
19
selues all those thinges that are profitable, and to avoyde all
those things which are damnifieable, :
Damuni'fic, z. Ols.—° [ad. L. dammnific-us,
obs. F. damnifique, £. damnum loss, injury + -ficus
-making, -doing: see -Fic.] Causing damage or
loss ; injurious.
1727 Batey vol. II, Dasnifick, that bringeth damage ..
endamaging. [Hence in Jounson and mod. Dicts.] ;
cation (dze:mnifika:fon). [n. of action
from DAMNIFY : see-ATION.] The action of damni-
fying ; infliction of injury or loss. (Now only in
legal use.)
1628 Donne Sern. Fohn xiv. 26 Not onely disestimation
in this world, and damnification here, but damnation in the
next world. 1798 Datias Amer. Law Rep. 11. 167 Putting
the obligee in danger of being arrested _is a damnification.
31875 Poste Gaius iv. Comm. (ed. 2) 623 Grievous damnifica-
tion (Zaesio) occasioned by some exceptional condition.
Damnify (de'mnifsi), v. Also 6-8 dampn-.
[a. OF. damnifier (in 14th c. damnefier, dampni-),
ad. L. damnificare (in Itala), to injure, f. damnz-
Jfic-us hurtful, injurious : see Damyiric and -FyY.]
1. ¢rans. To cause injury, loss, or inconvenience
to; to injure, damage, hurt ; to inflict injury upon,
to wrong. (Very common in 17th c.; now rave.)
a. in estate, condition, or circumstances. (Now
chiefly in legal use.)
1s1z Act 4 Hex. VIII, c. 19 § 10 That no persone be..in
any wyse greved or dampnifyed by reason of any certificate. .
excepte onely for rate and taxe beforeseid. 1574 HELLowEs
Gueuara’s Fam. Ep. (1584) 225 The Judge is more damni-
fied in his fame, than the suiter in his goods. 1614 T.
Apams in Spurgeon Zreas. Dav. Ps. x.g A money-man
may not be damnified, but he may be damned. 1654 Gay-
ton Pleas. Notes 1. ii. 181 Who could damnify her, who
had nothing to lose, not so much as credit? 1737 Wuiston
Fosephus Antig. xt. vi. §5 That the King might not be
damnified by the loss of the tributes. 1891 Laz 7ees XC.
460/2 Induced by a fraudulent prospectus to make con-
tracts whereby he was damnified. 5
+b. To injure physically or bodily. Ods.
1862 G. CavenpisH Wolsey (1893) 229 The cross .. fall-
ng uppon Mayster Bonner’s hed..whiche was dampnefied
hy the overthroweng of the crosse. 1612 WoopaLi Surg.
Mate Wks. (1653) 11 You are sure either to break them [the
teeth] or to damnifie the jaw bone. 1712 M. Rocers Voy.
300 Their Masts and Rigging being much damnified. 1812
J. SmytuH Pract. Customs (1821) 208 Hemp-seed and Lin-
seed, bad, mixed, or damnified. |
+e. To inflict injury upon in war. Oés.
1598 Barrer Theor. Warres v. i. 123 Forts..placed..in
such partes as may most damnifie the enemy. 1653 H.
Cocan tr. Pinto’s Trav. \xiv. 261 The besieged were there-
with mightily damnified. :
+2. With double object: To subject (a person,
etc.) to the loss of (so much money or property) ;
to injure to a specified extent. Ods.
1578 A. Parckuurst in Hakluyt Voy. III. 134 To grant me
leave to stay here so much of their goods as they haue damni-
fiedmee. 1631 Star Cham. Cases (Camden) 63 St Cornelius
hath been damnifyed hereby more than 2o000!i, x7ar Sv.
German's Doctor & Stud. 188, 1 think him bound to give
restitution. .of all that they be damnified by it.
+3. To cause the loss of, bring to destruction or
ruin. Ods.
1612 T. Taytor Comm. Titus i. 9 Satans kingdome shall
be destroyed and damnified. c1645 HoweLy Le?z. 1. iv.
(1892) 561 A most mischievous design that would have
damnified not only his own soul, but destroyed the Party
against whom it was intended. 1693 Lurrrete Brief Rel.
(1857) III, 232 The privateers and other ships were haled
a shore within the land, and were damnifyed.
+ 4. absol. To do injury. Obs.
1621 ArnswortH Axnot. Pentat. Ex. xxi. 28 Every living
creature which is in the power of man, if it shall damnifie,
the owners are bound to pay for it.
+5. intr. (in passive sense): To become dam-
aged ; to spoil. Ods.
171z_E, Cooxe Voy. S. Sea 312 Our Goods .. would
damnify staying so long.
Hence Da‘mnified f#/. a., Da‘mnifying vé/. sd.
and ffl. a.
1545 Act 37 Hen. VIIT, c.6§1 A newe..kind of Vice,
Displeasure, and dampnifienge of the Kings true Subjects.
1616 Surrt. & Marku. Country Farme 192 They that
would haue them [Melons] grow vpon beds, as lesse damni-
fying. 1» Locke Govt. u. ii. §2 The damnified Person
has this Power of appropriating to himself the Goods or
Service of the Offender. 1780 Banff Burgh Rec. in Cra-
mond Axx. Banff (1843) Il. 233, 1400 pounds of damni-
fied teas. 1893 Ldin. Rev. July 61 Our author discredits
all stories concerning him ..which would be damnifying.
Damning (de'min), vé/. sd. [-1NG 1.]
1. The action of the verb Day, q. v. ; condemna-
tion ; damnation.
¢1400 Aol. Loll. iii. 17 To tak pe sentence of daming.
Tbid. xvii. 6x Vndur syn, bondage, nor damping. c1400
Rom. Rose 6645 He etith his owne dampnyng. 1
Wycuer.ey in Ph he Lett. (1735) I. 32 "Tis my infalliole
Pope has, or would redeem me from a poetical Damning.
2. Profane swearing: cf. DaMN v. 6.
1679 T. Sipen Hist. Sevarites u. 16 Take heed of swear-
ing, cursing, or damning. 172t De For Col. ¥ack (1840)
198, I heard a great deal of swearing and damning.
3. A ‘company’ of jurors. Ods.
1486 Bk. St. Albans F vj b, A Dampnyng of Jurrouris.
(dze’min, deemnin), pf/. a. [-ING 2.]
1, That damns ; that brings damnation.
1599 Marston Sco. Villanie 1. iii. 185 To take a sewing
periured oath. 1795 SoutHEy Foan of Arc mu. 508 Suc
DAMP.
a look..As shall one day, with damning eloquence, Against
the oppressor plead! 1803 ‘1. Beppors Hygéia x. 78 Are-
ligion full of damning dogmas. 1882 A. B. Bruce Parad.
Teaching of Christ 11. viii. (1891) 384 That the supreme virtue
is love, and that the damning sin is selfish inhumanity.
b. In passive sense: Incurring damnation.
Obs. rare. (Cf. DAMN v. 4c.)
1655 GuRNALL Chr. in Arm. (1669) 283/2 [They] are so
cruell to their dying damning souls, that they turn Christ
their Physician out of doors. - ‘
2. That leads to or occasions condemnation or
tuin. (Cf. DAMN z. 3.)
1798 Cooke in Ld. Auckland's Corr. (1862) III. 421 We
took up the two Shears to-day, with damning papers. 1844
DisrakELi Coningsby vi. i, Without which..the statesman,
the orator, the author, all alike feel the damning conscious-
ness of being charlatans. fi
3. Addicted to profane swearing.
1667 Perys Diary 14 June, The most debauched, damning,
swearing rogues that ever were in the Navy.
Hence Da‘mningly adv., Da‘mningness.
1709 CHANDLER Effort agst. Bigotry 32 No Party of
Protestants is so in the Right .. that the other be damn-
ingly wrong. 1645 Hammonp Pract. Catech. 1. § 3. 85 For
the emptinesse and damningnesse of them [sins].
Damno’'se, @. Obs.—° [ad. L. damnos-us :
see next.] Hurtful. So + Damnorsity, hurtful-
ness. 1727 Baitey vol. II.
Damnous (demnas), a Law. [ad. L. dam-
nos-us, f.damnum hurt, harm, damage: see -ous.]
Of the nature of a damnum, i.e. causing loss or
damage of any kind, whether involving a legal
wrong (27jury) or not. Hence Da‘mnously adv.
1870 Sir J. Mettor in Law Rep. 5 Exch. 249 All the
injurious or damnous consequences .. resulted from an act
done on the land of the owner. 1884 Lp. Biacksurn in
Law Times Rep. LI. 146/1 They have injuriously, as
distinguished from damnously, affected the plaintiff’s rights.
Damocles (de mokliz). [L. from Gr.] Proper
name, occurring in the expression sword of Damo-
cles, Damocles’ sword, used by simile of an imminent
danger,which may at any moment descend upon one.
Damocles, a flatterer, having extolled the happiness of
Dionysius tyrant of Syracuse, was placed by him at a ban-
quet with a sword suspended over his head by a hair, to
impress upon him the perilous nature of that happiness.
Hence Damocle‘an a., of or as of Damocles
(evvon. Damoclesian).
1747 Scheme Equip. Men of War 58 Hanging over our
Heads, like Damocles Sword. 1892 Law Times XCII.
213/1 Little do directors and their companies know of this
sword of Damocles that hangs over them.
1888 Jvice (N. Y.) 12 Apr., This curse hangs over their
homes, like a Damoclesian sword. ‘
|| Damoiseau (de-mizo). Obs. or arch. [a. OF.
damotseau, earlier damei-, damt-, damotsel:—L.
dominicellus ; the masculine corresp. to damoisel,
DamMseEL.] A young man of gentle birth, not yet
made a knight. (Occurring in 15th c. translations
from French, and in modern archaists. )
€1477 Caxton Yason 5 The damoiseau Jason. ¢ 1500
Melusine 125 ‘Two yong & fayre damoyseaulx brethren. .
‘Frende’, said the damoyselle, ‘be they so fayre damoy-
seaux as ye say?’ 1870 Morris Earthly Par. 1.1. 194 So
thou, O damoiseau, must wait; Tie up thine horse anigh
the gate. 1872 E. W. Ropertson “ist. Ess. 190 ‘The
aspirant for knighthood was supposed to pass his life be-
tween 7 and 14 as a page .. figuring during the next 7 years
as a Damoiseau or Esquire.
Damoisel, -elle, etc., obs. forms of DAMSEL.
Damolic, see Damatic (acid).
Damosel, -zel: see DAMSEL.
Damosin, -zin, obs. forms of DAmson.
Damouret, var. of DAMMARET.
Damourite (damii'rsit). Jz. [Named by
Delesse 1845 after the F. chemist Damour.] A
hydrous potash mica, with pearly lustre, occurring
in small yellowish scales.
1846 Amer. Frul. Sc. Ser. u. I. 120 Damourite, anew
mineral, 1879 RutLey Stud. Rocks x. 134 Damourite and
Sericite are hydrous potash micas usually occurring in scaly
regates,
amp (demp), s.1 In 5 domp. [Corresponds
with MLG. and mod.Du. and Da. damp vapour,
steam, smoke, mod.Icel. dampr steam, MHG.
dampf, tampf, mod.Ger. dampf vapour, steam ;
cf. also Sw.damé dust. The word is not known
in the earlier stages of the languages, and its
history in Eng. before its appearance in 1480 is
unknown ; it is difficult to conceive of its haying
come down from OE. times without appearing in
writing. See Damp v.]
+1. An exhalation, a vapour or gas, of a noxious
kind. Ods. exc. as in b.
1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. Ixxv. 58 After this dragon shal
come a goot and ther shal come oute of his nostrel a domp
that shal betoken honger and grete deth of peple. 157’
B. Gooce Heresbach’s Husb. 1. é 586) 8b, The Fennes an
Marshes, in the heate of the yeere, doo send foorth pestilent
and deadly dampes. 1586 Cocan Haven Health 243 (The
Plague) All infected ina manner at one instant by reason
of a dampe or miste which arose within the Castle yeard.
1606 Dekker Sev. Sinnes vit. (Arb.) 47 What rotten
stenches, and contagious damps would strike vp into thy
nosthrils? 1662 J. BarGrave Pope Alex. VII (1867) 121
It [the Catacombs] is a horrid place to go into and
dangerous, for fear of damps. 1744 BERKELEY Séris § 144
=2
DAMP.
In poi: damps or wherein flame cannot be
kindled, as is evident in the Grotto del Cane near Naples.
1774 Gotpsm. Vat. Hist. a VIII. 31 Exposed .. to the
damps and exhalations of the earth. W. Irvine 7.
Trav. 1. 52 The mode of keeping out the ps of ditch-
water by burnt brandy. _
b. spec. in coal mines: (@) = CHOKE-DAMP ;
also called black damp, and suffocating damp. (>)
= Frire-pDamp, formerly /i/minating damp.
1626 Bacon Sylva § 375 We see Lights will go out in the
Damps of Mines. 1665 Phil. Trans. 1. 44 The Colliers ..
retired immediately and saved themselves from the erup-
tions of the Damp. wee W. Simpson Hydrol. Ess. 97
A sulphureous damp..which by the flame of a candle..
might very probably take fire. 1695 Woopwarp Nat. Hist.
Earth w. (1723) 227 One is called the Suffocating, the other
the Fulminating Damp. 1774 Pennant Tour Scotd. in 1772,
50 The damp or Lng f vapour was conveyed through pipes to
the open air, and formed a terrible illumination. ¢ 1790
Imison Sch. Arti. 106 Air that has lost its vivifying spirit
is called damp..The dreadful effects of damps are known
to such as work in mines. 1836 Scenes of Commerce
334 The miners..also meet with foul air, called by them
the black damp .. which suffocates the instant it is in-
haled.
Jig. a1592 H. Suitn Wes. (1866) 1. 367 The remembrance
of death is like a damp, which puts out all the lights of
pleasure. 1642 Vind. King i, An open Presse to cleere
every imagination which is not stifled in this Dampe.
+3. Visible vapour ; fog, mist. Ods.
(This being usually humid gives rise to the sense of
* moisture ’ In 3.)
160r Suaxs. Ad/’s Well u. i. 166 Ere twice in murke and
occidentall dampe Moist Hesperus hath quench’d her
sleepy Lampe. 1739 Lavy M. W. Montacu Le?¢t. III. 8,
I have lost all my bad symptoms, and am ready to think I
could even bear the damps of London.
Th. ii. 688 While rising vapours, and descending shades,
With damps and darkness drown the spacious vale. 1808
J. Bartow Columb. 11. 654 Thou darkening sky Deepen
thy damps, the fiend of death is nigh.
Jig. 1625 Donne 37d Serm. Fohni.8 Yet there is a damp
or a cloud of uncharitableness. 1751 SMotLett Per. Pic.
(1779) III. Ixxxi. 182 He hangs like a damp upon society,
and may be properly called kill-joy. 1827 Pottok Course
T. u1, Sin, with cold, consumptive breath, Involved it still
in clouds of mortal damp. :
3. Moisture (diffused through the air as vapour,
or through a solid substance, or condensed upon
a surface); dampness, humidity. (The ordinary
current sense. )
1742 YounG Ni.- |
[1586 Cocan Haven Health ccxli, The coldnesse of stones |
of the earth are both verie hurtfull to our
Pui.uirs (ed. Kersey), Damp, Moisture, Wet-
ness. 1758 Jounson /dlery No. 11 P 10 He..may set at de-
fiance the morning mist and the evening damp. 1806 Surr
Winter in Lond. (ed. 3) U1. 66 We keep fires in all the
rooms by turns, so that no damp has come to the tapestry.
1838 Lytton Alice 1. vi, Mrs. Merton, who was afraid of
the damp, preferred staying within. 1875 Jevons J/oney
xi. 129 To corrode by exposure to air or damp.
b. with f/. (Usually more concrete in sense.)
[1577 Gooce Heresbach's Husb. 1, (1586) 42b, Howe so
ever the Barne be, you must place it as hie as you may,
least = corne be* spoyled with moysture or dampes.]
1721 R. Braviey Wks. Nat. 166 An Hygrometer in the
.. Conservatory, by which we might regulate the over
Moisture or Damps in the Air of the House. 1797 Mrs.
Ravcuirre /talian xxvi, Cold damps which hung upon his
forehead betrayed the agony of his mind. 1839 Loner.
Voices of Nt., L’Envoi., Amid the chills and damps Of the
vast plain where death encamps. 1858 HAwTHoRNE /*. &
id, Jenks. I. 120 Covered with damps, which collected and
fell upon us in occasional drops.
e. slang. A drink, a ‘wetting’. (Damp v. 5 b.)
1837 Dickens Pickw. xxvii, We'll just give ourselves a
damp, Sammy. Bie
+4. A dazed or stupefied condition ; loss of con-
sciousness or vitality, stupor. Ods. (Cf. Damp z. 2.)
1542 Brecon David's Harp 150b, He was in a trauns,
that is to say in a dampe, a stupour, abashement, and
soden privacion of sence or fealyng. 1552 Hutort, Traunce
or dampe, ecstasis. 1667 Woop Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II.
140 [It did] strike him into a damp, and being carried
thence in a chaire to his chamber, died the next day.
1667 Mitton P. LZ. x1. 293 Adam by this from the cold
sudden damp Recovering, and _ his scatterd spirits returnd.
1711 Vind. Sacheverell 94 He..struck a damp upon
{hig]gliJsm, and laid it in a State of Death. 1712 Av-
pison Sfect. No. 538 P 3, I felt a general Damp and
a Faintness all over me.
5. A state of dejection ; depression of spirits.
1606 G, W[oopcocke] tr. ¥ustin 22a, Their heartes were
stricken into a great dampe, and were so discouraged, that
[etc.]. 1647 CLtarenvon //ist, Red. v.(1702) 1. 550 He found
a great damp upon the spirit of the Governour. 1
R. L'Estrance FYosephus’ Antig. x. xii, (1733) 2 The
Dread of this Decree, put all People into a general Damp
and Silence. 1760 /mpostors Detected 1. 13 [This] put
a sudden damp to their zeal, 1838 Prescorr Ferd. § /s.
(1846) I. ix. 398 This news struck a damp into the hearts of
the ilians. 1840 Browninc Sordedlo v. 433 This idle
damp Befits not.
6. A check, discouragement.
1587 Greene Carde of Fancie Wks. 1882 IV. 59 To
driue him more into doleful dumps shee returned him this
bes 1642 Cuas. I Decay. 12 Aug. 18 Such a dampe
of Trade in the Citie. 1680-90 Tempe Zss. Pop, Dis-
contents Wks. 1731 I. 268 Some little Damps would be
given to that pestilent Humour and general Mistake.
x769 Burke Observ. Late State Nation 1842 I. 3
‘Those accidents that cast an occasional damp w - le.
en Pp
1832 Hr. Martineau Life in Wilds vi. 70 Asi
see to be cast over all the plans.
7. Comb., as +damp-hole (sense 1), -sheet (see
quot. 1881); damp-proof, -worn (sense 3) adjs. ;
and the dam
bodies.) 1
20
damp-course, /vop. damp-proof course, fa
course of some impermeable material laid on the
foundation walls of a building a short distance
above the level of the outside soil, to iat the
damp from rising up the walls’ (Gwilt). ;
1601 HoLtanp Pliny 1. 41 Which dampe holes breathing
out a deadly aire. 1852 Dickens Bleak Ho. M1. xviii. 5
The time and damp-worn monuments. 1881 Raymonp
Mining
te-road to and turn
1884 Health ms Sanitary
Stoneware of every description, including .. air-bricks,
damp-proof course. 1890 A. WuiTLEGcE Hygiene vi. 150
A‘ p-course’ must be provided, that is a continuous
2 earthenware, slate, or other
an air-current.
horizontal course of glaze
impervious material.
, 56.2 Variant of Dam sd.4
Dame (demp),a. [f. Damp sd.]
+1. Of the nature of, or belonging to, a ‘damp’
or noxious exhalation: see Damp sd. 1. Ods.
164 Mitton Comus 470 Such are those thick and gloomy
shadows damp Oft seen in charnel vaults and ulchres.
1671 — Samson 8 The air, imprison’d also, close and
damp, Unwholesome draught. 1733 Sir J. Lowrner Damp
Air in Coal-pit in Phil. Trans. XXXVIII. 112 It is to
be observed that this sort of Vapour, or damp Air, will
not take Fire except by Flame. :
+2. Affected with or showing stupefaction or de-
pression of spirits ; dazed, stupefied. Ods. or arch.
1 Greene Never too date Canzone, An object twice
as bright, So gorgeous as my senses all were damp
[rime lamp]. 1667 Mitton P. LZ. 1.523 With looks Down
cast and pag Ibid. v. 65 Mee damp horror _chil'd.
1697 Drypen Virg. Aineid v1. 85 The trembling Trojans
hear, O're-spread with a damp sweat and holy fear. 1
J. Martineau Chr. Life (1867) 473 Murky doubts an
damp short-sightedness. 1855 THACKERAY Newcomes liv,
The dinner was rather a damp entertainment.
3. Slightly wet as with steam, suspended vapour,
dew, or mist; holding water in suspension or absorp-
tion; moist, humid. (The ordinary current sense.)
1706 Puittirs (ed. Kersey), To Damp, to make damp,
or moist. 1735 BERKELEY ) aged ad § 412 A cold, damp,
sordid habitation, in the midst of a bleak country. 1748
F. Smitu Voy. Disc. N. W. Pass. 1. 21 The Weather..
disagreeably damp from the great Wetting of the Fog.
1874 Kincs.ey Le?t. (1878) II. 429 We have come out of
intense winter into damp spring. Mod. A cold caught by
sleeping in a damp bed.
Damp (demp), v. [f. Dampsd. ; frequent from
c1550. Ger. dampfen, Du. dampen, also go back
to the 16thc.; in Ger. a causal dempfen appears to
go back to OHG. (demphan:—*dampian). For
dampped in Allit. Poems B. 989, see Dump.]
1. ¢rans. To affect with ‘damp’, to stifle, choke,
extinguish; to dull, deaden (fire, sound, etc.).
Also fig.
1564 tr. Yewel's Apol. Ch. Eng. iv. (Parker Soc.) 82
Their own matter is damped, and destroyed in the word
of God as if it were in poison [i veneno extingui vident
et suffocari}. 1 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. \xni. § 2 An
euill moral disposition ..dampeth the very light of heauenly
illumination. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 14g, All shutting in of
Air, where there is no competent Vent, dampeth the
Sound. 1637 Suircey Lady of Pleas. w. i, a
would quench a furnace, and her breath Woul damp
a musket ball. 1705 LeuwennoeKk in Phil. Trans. XXV.
2159 If we take a piece of Wood-coal, that has been damp'd
or extinguished. 1818 Blackw. Mag. Il. 528 Havin
damped his own appetite with a couple of slices. AZod.
To damp a fire with small coal.
b. Zo damp down (a fire or furnace): to cover
or fill it with small coal, ashes, or coke, so as to
check combustion and prevent its going out, when
not required for some time. Also /ig.
1869 J. Martineau £ss. II. 278 Fire which must not
be —- to damp itself down. 1 Pall Mall G.
20 b. 2/t The notices terminate at the end of the
month. .and the furnaces will be damped down. /did, 28
Aug. 1/1 Mr. Gladstone’s speeches may tend to damp down
the agitation. — a :
ce. Acoustics, Music, etc. To stop the vibrations
of a string or the like; to furnish (the strings of
a pianoforte) with dampers.
1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII. 140 A piece of cloth .. todamp
or stop the string [in a clavichord]. 1883 A. J. Hipxins in
Grove Dict. Mus. 111. 636 The higher treble of the piano
is not now damped. cee
da. Magnetism. To stop the oscillations of a
magnetic needle by placing a mass of conducting
metal near it.
1879 Tuomson & Tait Nat. Phil. 1. 1. § 379 The oscil-
lations of a magnetized needle about its position of equi-
librium are ‘damped’ by Dlacing a plate of copper below it.
+2. To stifle (the faculties) with noxious
‘fumes’; to stupefy, benumb, daze. Ods.
1570 Der Math. Pref. 1 The fantasies of those hearers
were dampt. 1 T. Avams Exf. 2 Pet. ii. 20 (1865) 559
The lusts of the flesh, like the vapours of a repl
rising oe damping the brain. 1716 Bentiey Serm.
xi. 375 We_ma’ p or stifle them four Faculties)
Sloth and N 1726 Leoni tr. Adberti’s Archit.
a, The Understanding can never be clear, the Spirits
ing dampt and stupify’d.
8. To deaden or restrain the ardour or energy
of; to depress, deject, discourage, check.
a. persons, their spirits, zeal, hopes, etc.
1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. iii. ®, That..
hg fone were puffed vp before..should bee ped, and
be brought lowe. 1654 Trarr Comm, Fob xiii. 15 As that
_ 329 Damped by the indifference of my artist
DAMPER.
woman of Canaan..who would not be damped or dis-
couraged with Christs. .silence- Wurttock Zootomia
24 Nor shall their scorne spoyle purposes, by juan
my resolutions. 1748 Anson's Voy. 1. i. 11 Our hopes
a speedy Soppamsa Name sven now somewhat damped. 1766
Gotpsm. Vic, W.v, This is the way you always damp my
rls and me when we are in spirits. 182x Crare Vill.
instr. 1. 166 Sorrow damps my lays. 1876 J. H. Newman
Hist. Sk. VU. u. ii. 242 How Tittle his personal troubles had
damped his lical zeal. 1887 Fritn A utobiog. 1. xxiii.
b. actions, projects, trade, etc. Now vare.
1548 Upatt, etc. Evasm. Par. Luke xvi. (R.), To dampe
y* kes of such p 1622 Bacon Hen.
VII, 75 To stop and dampe Informations upon Penall
Lawes, by procuring Informations by collusion. 1689 C.
Martner in Andros Tracts (1869) 13 The Courses imme-
diately taken to damp and spoyl our Trade. 1787 T.
Jerrerson Writ. (1859) II. 89 To damp that of
communication which the resolution of Congress. .was in-
tended to re-establish. 1832 Austin Yurisfr. (1879) I. vi.
gor If a think .. that a political institution damps pro-
10N.
+4. To envelop in fog or mist ; also fig.
1629 Donne Serm. Matt. xi. 6 If my religion did wrap
me in a continual .-damp me in a continual vapour,
smoke me in a continual sourness.
5. To make moist or humid, to wet as steam,
vapour, mist, or dew does ; to moisten.
_ 1671 R. Bonun Wind 14 They [winds from South] damp
innen and paper, though never so carefully guarded from
the Air. 1789 W. Bucnan Dom. Med. (ed. 11) 129 That
baneful custom said to be practised in many inns, of damp-
ing sheets, and pressing them in order to save ing.
1868 HawrHorne Amer. Note-Bks. (1879) 1.180 The dew
damped the road. 1875 Ure Dict. Arts Ti. 648 The paper
used in printing is always damped before being sent to the
press, wet taking the ink considerably better than dry.
b. pe To take a drink, ‘wet one’s whistle’,
slang.
1862 Lowett Biglow P. Poems pr Il. pr ae tent..
Where you could go, ef you wuz dry, an’ p ye in
a minute. i
6. Gardening. To damp off (intr.): Of plants:
To rot or go off from damp; to fog off.
1846 Mrs. Loupon Gardening for Ladies go Cuttings
when thus treated are very apt to damp off. 1881 Gard.
Chron. XVI. 690 See that none of the spikes touch the
glass or they may speedily damp off.
Damp, obs. var. Dam sd.1;
of Damn.
Dampen (dzmp’n), v. (Now chiefly U.S.)
[f. Damp a. +-EN, or derivative form of Damp v.]
1. ¢rans. To dull, deaden, diminish the force or
ardour of, depress, deject; = Damp z. 1, 3.
¢ 1630 Jackson Creed vi. i. Wks. VI. 36 By which the
fervency of better spirits devotion is so much dampened.
1633 P. FLetcuer Purple /s/. vu. xxxiii, Himself dampens
the smiling day. 1813 W. Irvine Life §& Lett. (1864)
I. xviii. 296 The miserable accounts from the frontier
dampened in some e the public zeal. 1824 Lanpor
Imag. Conv. vii. Wks. 1846 I. 28 His genius hath been
dampened by his adversities. 1885 Century Mag. 427/1
This adversity seemed to dampen the ardor of the crew.
2. Magnetism. =Damp v. 1d.
x G. Prescorr Sf. Telephone 36 The object in using
eye is to dampen the movement of he
3. To make damp, moisten; =Damp v. 5.
1885 G. H. Boucuton Sk. Rambles Holland v. 77 The
high tide must somewhat dampen the poor departed [in
a churchyard),
4. intr. To become dull or damp.
1686 Goan Celest. Bodies u. xi. 305 Fog, sins, dampning,
windy. 1857 Lowett Poems, Captive, Yet he came not,
and the stillness Dampened round her like a tomb.
Hence Da‘mpening v0/. si. and ff/. a.; Da'm-
pener (U..S.), a contrivance for damping linen,
etc.
1814 Byron Lavra. xxviii, And o’er his brow the
ening heart-drops threw The sickening iciness of that
dew. 1836 New Monthly Mag. XLVI. 204 The gallantry
and beauty of Tuscany sped t the dam — air.
1864 Lowe. Lincoln Wis. 18go V. 178 To withstand the
inevitable dampening of checks, “ate beng 1887 Ser.
Amer. 26 Mar. 202/2 A seam dampener been patented
.-for use in laundries, etc.
dee* . [f. Dame v.+-ER.] That
eg a
obs, (erron.) form
which various senses of the vb.
1. Something that damps or depresses the spirits,
etc.; also, a person who does the same.
ne Ricuarvson Clarissa Wks. 1883 VII. 282, I very
early di shame, that cold water damper to an
spirit. yd Watrote in Hi: Holiday
on Road (1887) 140 is a great damper of curiosity.
II. 528 Out of sixteen five
present. 1822 Hazuitr Tadde-t. Ser. u1. xii.
i id tempera-
ha aoa Newcomes xxvi, I feel myself very
often an per in your company.
b. Something that takes off the edge of appetite.
1804 Mar. Epcewortu Po. Tales, Limerick Gloves,
In the kitchen, taking his snack by way of a damper.
81x Lams Edax on Appetite, I endeavour to make up by
a damper, as I call it, at home before I go out.
2. a. A piece of mechanism in a pianoforte for
‘damping’ or stopping the vibrations of the strings,
consisting of a 1 piece of wood or wire covered
with cloth or felt, which rests the stri
ing to each key, and is raised or -
drawn from when the key is down.
1783 Specif. ¥. Broadwood’s Patent No. 1379, 4, 6, are
were
DAMPINESS.
the dampers, which also is fixt under the strings. 1856
Mrs. C. Ciarxe tr. Berlioz’ Instrument. 72 The sign ®
pes ed that the dampers must be replaced by quitting the
pedal. .
b. ‘The mute of a horn and other brass wind
instruments ’ (Stainer & Barrett Dict. Mus. Terms).
3. A metal plate made to turn or slide in a flue
or chimney, so as to control the combustion by
regulating or stopping the draught.
1788 Specif. Gardner's Patent No. 1642 These registers
or dampers are enclosed in the chimney. 1791 Beppors
in Phil. Trans. UXXXI. 174 He first turned the flame
from off the metal, which is done by letting down a damper
upon the chimney. 1823 Moore Fadles, Holy Alliance
86 Those trusty, blind machines..by a change as odd as
cruel, Instead of dampers, served for fuel! 1829 R. Sruarr
Anecad. Steam Engines 1. 269 The heat of the furnace
under the boiler was rudely regulated in both machines by
a damper.
4. Magnetism. (See quot., and cf. Damp z. 1 d.)
1881 Maxwet. Electr. §& Magn. U1. 344-5 A metallic
surface, called a Damper, is sometimes placed near a magnet
for the express purpose of damping or deadening its vibra-
tions. We shall therefore speak of this kind of resistance
as Daniping. i
5. Any contrivance for damping or moistening.
e.g. An appliance for moistening the gummed back of
postage stamps; one for damping paper for a copying-press,
for cleaning slates, etc.
aus Mech. Mag. XLII. 285 Postage stamp, wafer, and
label damper. 1854 /did. LXI. 86 The damper may be left
in any position when not in use, as the water will not of
itself run out.
6. Australia. A simple kind of unleavened cake
or bread made, for the occasion, of flour and water
and baked in hot ashes.
1833 Sturt Two Exped. S. Australia U1. 203 While
drinking their tea and eating their damper. 1852 Munpy
Antipodes vi. (1855) 149 The Australian bush-bread, a baked
unleavened dough, called damper—a damper, sure enough,
to the stoutest appetite. a Melbourne Argus 7 Nov.
13/5 When you've boiled your billy and cooked your damper
you put out the fire and move..on to camp. i
7. Comb. a. in sense 2a, as damper-crank, «rail,
-stick, t-stop; Gamper-pedal, that pedal in a
pianoforte which raises all the dampers, the ‘loud
pedal’. b. in sense 3, as damper-regulator, a.
contrivance by which the heat of the furnace or
the pressure of steam is made to control the
damper.
1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII. 140 Fig. 2, e, Damper stick.
Ibid. 141 The damper-stop raised the dampers from the
strings. Jbid., Fig. 10, k, Damper Crank. J/éid. 142
Fig. 11, g, Damper rail. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. 676
The damper-regulators which act by the pressure of steam
are of three or more kinds.
Dampiness. are. [f. Dampy a. + -NESS.]
The state of being ‘dampy’ or somewhat damp.
1830 Blackw. Mag. XXVIII. 886 You know not whether
it be rain, snow, or sleet, that drenches your clothes in
dampiness.
Damping (de'mpin), v4/. sd. [-1nc1.] The
action of the verb Damp, q.v. Also aétvid., as in
damping-machine, damping-plate (= DAMPER 3).
1756 TotpERvyY Two Orphans III. 172 The flames, by
slight damping, soon became the more violent. 1816
J. Smita Panorama Sc. §& Art Il. 312 The bottom
of the furnace .. the holes of the damping plate. 1874
Knicut Dict. Mech., Damping-machine. 1. (Printing.)
A machine for damping sheets of paper previous to print-
ing..2. A machine in which starched goods are moistened
previous to running them through the calendering-machine.
1881 [see Damper 4]. 1883 ATKINSON tr. Ganot’s Physics
(ed. 11) 832 The greater the masses of metal, and the more
closely they surround the magnet, the stronger is the
damping.
Damping (de'mpiy), ff/.a. [-4Nc¢?.] That
damps, in various senses: see DAMP v.
1607 WaLKINGTON Oft. Glass 28 The damping fumes
that the Sun elevates from bogges. 1691-8 Norris Pract.
Disc. 151 What a damping Thought must it be for such
a Man to consider [etc.]. 1844 Dickens Mart. Chus. xiii,
It was somewhat of a damping circumstance to find the
room full of smoke. 1878 M. C. Jackson Chaperon'’s Cares
I. xi. 153 Clarissa’s presence generally has a slightly damp-
ing effect upon Forster. >
Dampish (de'mpif), a. [orig. f. Damp sé. + -18
(cf. doyzsh) : subsequently treated as if f. Damp a.]
+1. Of the nature of, or infested with, exhalations
or (noxious) vapours ; vaporous, foggy, misty. Ods.
1577 B. Goocr Heresbach’s Husb, 1. (1586) 8 b, All waters
commonly with dampishe vapours in Summer .. doo infect
both man and beast with pestilence. 1596 Spenser Hynix
Heav. Beaut. 165 The darke And dampish aire. — /. Q.
1v. viii. 34 The drowzie humour of the dampish night.
«1649 Drumm. or Hawt. Poems Wks. (1711) 13 His caves
and dampish bow’rs.
+2. fig. a. Of stifling or extinguishing nature
(cf. Damp v. 1). b. ?Stifled, choked. Ods.
1603 H. Crosse Vertues Commu. (1878) 123 Lampes..
which with dampish idlenesse are soone put out. 1604
T. M. Black Bk. Middleton’s Wks. (Bullen) VIII. 33 With
a whey-countenance, short stops, and earthen A aa voice,
the true counterfeits of a dying cullion.
3. Somewhat damp or moist.
[1577 Gooce Heresbach's Husb. w. (1586) 192 b, Set them
up in some moist and dampish place.] 164: Besr Farm.
Bks. (Surtees) 24 Stone floores are ala moist and
dampish, 1727 Barvey vol. Il, Dampish, ing damp or
moist or wet, 1803 vans. Soc. Encourag. Arts XXI. 302
‘Wood placed in dampish situations,
21
Hence Da‘mpishly adv., Da‘mpishness.
1615 Markxuam Lng. Housew. u. iii. (1668) 109 Let them
be dampishly moistened with Damask Rose-water. 1617
— Cava. v1. 24 It shall defend him from the colde dampish-
nes of the earth. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 937 To put a Lay of
Chalke between the Bricks, to take away all Dampishnesse.
1727 Batey vol. Il, Dampishness, moistness, wetness.
amply (dempli), adv. rare. [f Damp a.+
-Ly 2.) In a damp manner.
1887 American XIV. 234 The house was damply cold.
a 6 C. Dunstan Quita II. u. v. 115 It was damply, foggily
cold.
Dampnacion, dampne, etc., obs. ff. Damna-
TION, DAMN, etc.
Dampnage, obs. form of DAMAGE.
Dampness (de‘mpnés). _ [f. Damp a. + -NESS.]
The condition or quality of being damp; moist-
ness, humidity ; moisture.
1665 Mantey Grotius’ Low C. Warres 423 The dampness
of the fields. 1687 Drypen Hind. & P. 111. 508 Nor need they
fear the dampness of the sky. .’T'was only water thrown on
sails too dry. 1765 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. (ed. 2) 55 A care-
ful observer, in a night when there is a great dew, will per-
ceive a dampness upon every surface. 1848 THACKERAY
Van. Fair xxii, The valet..cursing the rain and the damp-
ness of the coachman who was steaming beside him.
Dampson, obs. form of DaMson.
Damuy (deempi), a. [f. Damp sb. + -y.]
+1. Full of, or of the nature of (noisome or
gloomy) vapour or mist; foggy. Ods.
1600 Tourneur Transp. Metamorph. v, O see how raed
shewes yond’ torche’s flame. /did. 1xxx, How like blacke
Orcus lookes this dampy cave. 1605 Drayton Jan in
Moon 363 The dampy Mist, From earth arising. 1729
Savace Wanderer i. 284 Dispers’d, the dark and dampy
vapours fly. :
Jig. 21627 Haywarp Edw. VJ (1630) 141 To dispell any
dampie thoughts which the remembrance of his unkle
might raise. .
b. Ofa mine: Infested with ‘ damps’ or noxious
gases.
18.. WEALE (cited in Excyc?. Ditt.), When foul, gases do
not move freely by the ordinary natural ventilation in
a colliery, it is said to be dampy.
2. Affected with moisture ; somewhat damp.
ax691 Boyte Wks. VI. 397 (R.) Very dampy_ vapours:
about the mouth of the baroscope. 1710 PuiLips Pastorals
iii, 42 His beauteous Limbs upon the dampy Clay. 1820
Blackw, Mag. Vi. 677 The clay-hole you live in, cold,
dirty and dampy.
Damsax: see DANISH AX.
Damsel (dx'mzél), damosel (de‘mozel).
Forms: a. 3 dameisele, 3-4 damaisele, 4 dam-
maisele, 3-5 damaysele, 5 -elle; 8. 4-6 dame-
sel, -ele, -elle, damysel, -ele, -elle, damisel,
-elle, 5 dammisel, Sc. damyseill, 6 Sc. damicel,
-ell; y. 5-7 damsell, 6- damsel; 5. 4-6 damoy-
sele, -el, damoisele, -el, (g damoiselle); «.
6-7 (9) damosel, -elle, damozel(1,-elle, (6 damu-
sel); ¢. 7 dam’zell, 7-8 dam’sel. [Early ME.
dameisele, damaisele, a. OF. dametsele (damisele)
(12th c.), later damozisele, -elle (the only form in
Cotgrave), demotselle (14th c.). The OF. damezsele
was a new formation from dame, instead of the
popular danzele, dansele, doncele = Pr. and It. don-
zella, Sp. doncella:—late L. *dominicella, med.L.
domnicella, domicella, dim. of domina mistress,
lady, fem. of dominus lord. (There is a roth c, F.
instance of the learned form dommnizelle.) In
Eng. the middle syllable was reduced from ez (az),
to z, & and finally disappeared. The variant
damoiselle was introduced in 15th c. from Parisian
F. (by Lydgate, Caxton, etc.), and gave rise here
to damosel, damozel, so frequent in 16-17th c., and
affected in 19th c. in sense 1. See also DouzeL.]
1. A young unmarried lady; originally one of
noble or gentle birth, but gradually extended as a
respectful appellation to those of lower rank. Now
merged in sense 2; but modern poets and romantic
writers (led by Sir W. Scott) have recalled the
16-17th c. damosel, damozel, to express a more
stately notion than is now conveyed by damsel.
a, [1292 Britton 1. xix. § 5 Des enfauntz madles, dam-
aysels et vedues.] c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 84/37 Pe lustise
bi-heold pat maide..‘ Dameisele,’ he seide, ‘3wat art pou?’
1297 R. Grouc. (Rolls) 1492 Pe nobloste damaisele bat was
in enilonde. a1450 Kut. de la Tour cxx. 166 The yonge
damayselle, ne: sae the nat _—_ groan a
Aas ‘ursorv M. 3837 (Cott.) Iacob lifted vp
sten, pe) spak pan wit be damisel. cx Sir Ferumb,
2103 Pan hym spak duk Roland ..Tak thys damesele by
hand as bow louest me. c 1386 Cuaucer Nun's Pr. T. 50
he fairest hiewed .. Was cleped fayre damysel Pertilote.
a3440 Siy Degrev. 623 To chyrche the gay dammisel
Buskede hyr 3are. cxs00 Lancelot 2351 Sche had no
knycht, sche had no damyseill.
y. cx400 Destr. Troy 7887 A damsell faire, pat bright
was of ble, and Breisaid she hight. 1649 MiLton Zikon.
xxi, The Damsell of se, ana [the Duchess]. r7xx ‘J.
Distarr’ Char, Don Sacheverellio 9 [He] took. de very
Scrubs of both Sexes for Knights and Damsels. 1848
Macautay Hist. Engi. 1. 586 Damsels of the best families
in the town wove colours for the insurgents.
6. cx1400 Rom. Rose 1622 These damoysels & bachelers.
€1477 Caxton Yasox 6 Barounes and knightes, ladies and
damoiselles, ete in the halle. 1549 CHALoneR Erasmus on
Folly O.iij b, Amonges the damoysels and’ Madames of the
DAMSON.
court. 1557 A. Arthur (Copland) 1. xvii, There came
a damoysell..a passyng fayre damisel. [1841 D’Israr.t
Amen. Lit. (1867) 223 Those romances of chivalry .. long
formed the favourite reading of the noble, the dame and.
the damoiselle.]
e. ¢1300 K. Alis.171 Ladies and damoselis Maken heom
redy. 1523 Lv. Berners /’roiss. I. ix. 9 All knyghtes ought
to ayd to theyr powers all ladyes and damozels. /ézd.
cexiil, 264 They rode about the countrey, and vysited the
ladies nad dumasels [e/sewhere damozelles, sor op sea
1548 Hatt Chron. 240 The yonge Princes and Damosell
of Burgoyne. 1590 SpeNseR /. Q. U1. i. 19 Th’ adventure
of the errant damozell. 1615 G. Sanpys 7vav. 215 Her-
cules..walking along the shore with a Damosel, whom he
loued. 1813 Scorr 77ierm. Introd. viii, Of errant knight
and damozelle. 1871 Rossetti Blessed Damozel i, The
blessed damozel leaned out From the gold bar of Heaven.
1884 F. M. Crawrorp Rom. Singer I. 256 Your boy wants
to marry a noble damosel.
A young unmarried woman (without any
connotation of rank or respect—sometimes even
slightingly) ; a maid, maiden, girl, country lass.
Since 17th c., archaic and literary or playful ; not in ordi-
nary spoken use.
B. c1380 Wyciir Wks. (1880) 9 To geten be stynkyng
loue of damyselis. 1483 Cath. Angl. 89 Damesselle. .zimpha.
asso Christis Kirke Gr. ii, To dans thir damysellis
thame dicht, thir lassis licht of laitis. 1558 Knox /irst
Blast (Arb.) 52 Aged fathers and tendre damiselles.
y. 1535 COVERDALE Zech. viii. 5 Yonge boyes and dam-
selles, playnge vpon the stretes. 1687 Concreve Old Bach.
ut. vi, Good words, damsel, or I shall ——. 1712 STEELE
Spect. No. 278 » 2 You will not deny your Advice to
a distressed Damsel. 1832 W. Irvine Alhambra II. 139
Awed and abashed in the presence of a simple damsel of
fifteen. 1870 Dickens /. Drood viii, The two young men
saw the damsels enter the court-yard of the Nuns’ House.
e. 1822 SKELTON Why not to Court 209 With Dalyda
to mell, That wanton damozell. 1576 Act 18 Eliz. c. 7
§ 1 Of Women, Maids, Wives and Damosels. 1611 Biste
Mark v. 39, 41 The damosell is not dead, but sleepeth..
Damosell (I say vnto thee), arise. 1642 Rocers Naaman 7
A poore damosell and captive. 1704 J. Pitts Acc. Mo-
hammetans 27 The Father of the Damosel usually makes
up the Match.
¢. 1632 Quartes Div. Mancies 1. vii, Dam'sel arise ?
When death had clos'd her eyes, What power had the
Dam’'sel to arise? 1718 Prior Solomon u, 301 And one
mad Dam'sel dares dispute my pow’r.
+3. A maid in waiting, a female attendant.
Originally a young lady of gentle birth, as maid
of honour or waiting-woman to a lady of rank ;
but gradually extended downward. Now Oés. exc.
as merged in 2.
[1199 Rot. Chartarunt 25/2 Beatriciae et Aeliciae domi-
cellis praedictae reginae sororis nostrae.] ¢ 1314 GuyWarw.
(A.) 618 Felice be feir answerd po [to her maid], Damisel,
sche seyd, whi seistow so? 1377 Lanot. P. PZ. B. 1x. 12
Dobet is hir damoisele [C. x1. 138 damesele] sire doweles
dou3ter To serue pis lady lelly. 1489 Caxton Blanchardyn
ix. 39 A goode auncyent damoysell whiche dyde norisshe
her of her brestys .. called her nouryce and maystresse.
1594 Carew Huarte’s Exam. Wits x. (1596) 130 He sent
his damsels [axcil/as suas] to call to the Castle. 1649
Roserts Clavis Bibl, 387 His friends and her Damosels,
being the foure speakers. 1664 Butter Hud. u. i. 98
A slender Young waiting damsel to attend her. 1833 Hr.
Martineau Loom & Lugger u. v. 100 The terrified kitchen
damsels.
II. transf.
4. A hot iron for warming a bed.
App. a humorous allusion to 1 Kings i. 1-4.
1727-5 Cuampers Cycl., Damtse/, a kind of utensil put in
beds, to warm old mens feet withal. It consists of a hot
iron inclosed in a hollow cylinder, which is wrapped round
with linen cloth.. Some call it a mm, 1848-9 SouTHEY
Common-pl. Bk. WV. 434.
5. A projection on the spindle of a mill-stone for
shaking the shoot.
1880 Antrin: §& Down Gloss., Damsel, an iron rod with
projecting pins, that shakes the shoot of the hopper in
a corn mill, 1880 Jerreries Gt. Estate 167 Tibbald, of
course, had his joke about that part of the [mill] machinery
which is called the ‘damsel’.
III. 6. attrib., as damsel train, etc. Comb.
damsel-errant, feminine of knight-errant (Scott,
after Spenser’s ‘errant Damozell’ in 1 €) ; damsel-
fly, the slender dragon-fly Agrion Virgo, and
kindred species, called in French demoiselle.
a1sgz Greene & Lopce Looking Glasse i. (1861) 118
Ile send for all the damosell Queenes .. To wait as hand
maides to Remelia. 1671 Mitton Samson 721 Her har-
binger, a damsel train behind. 1725 Pore Odyss. xxut.
46 At his nod the damsel-train descends. 1815 Moore
Lalla R., Parad. §& Peri, The beautiful blue damsel
flies. 1821 Scorr Kenilw. xxv, If any man shall find me
laying squire of the body to a damosel-errant. 1840
ROWNING Sordedlo 1. 284 Flittered in the cool some azure
damsel-fly. <n
Hence Da*mselhood, the condition or age of a
damsel, young-womanhood, Da'mselish a., of
or proper to a damsel (wonce-wds.)
1867 Contemp. Rev. VI. 363 ‘One of the queene’s
damsélles ’ is set forth as riding about (certainly in a very
damselish way) at random .. to find the desired champion.
1880 DailyNews x July, Thegreat majority. .had not reached
the glory of damselhood ; they were simply children.
Damson (de'mz’n). Forms: 4-9 damascene,
4-5 damacene, -yne, 4 damesene, 5 damesyn,
-ys(s)yn, 5-6 -asyn, 6 dameson, -ysen, -isen,
-ozin, dammosen, damasson, -en, 6-7 dam-
(m)asin, 6-9 damascen, 7 -azine, -azeene, -osin ;
5 damsyn, 6 dampson, damsine, -ing, 6-7
DAN.
damsen, 7 -zin, 7-8 damsin, 5~damson. [ME.
(or ? AngloFr.) damascene, ad. L. Damascénum for
Priinum Damascénum plum of Damascus (Isidore
XviI. vii. 10 Damascena a Damasco oppido). The
various weakenings, damesene, damesen, damsen,
damson, appear to be all of English development.]
1. A small plum, black or dark purple, the fruit
of Prunus communis or domestica, variety damas-
cena, which was introduced in very early times into
Greece and Italy from Syria.
a Pistill of Susan 89 Per weore growyng so grene
ate wib Damesene. c¢1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg.
7 Take xx. damascenes & xii. figis. c1460 J. RusseLt
k. Nurture 77 in Babees Bk. 122 Serve fastynge, plom-
mys, damsons, cheries. /id. 668 Damesyns. 1542 RDE
ang dace (1870) 285, .vi. or .vii. damysens eaten before
dyner, be good to prouoke a mans sppet de, 1573 Tusser
Hush, (1878) Z amsens, white and black. 1 Bacon
Sylva § 509 In Fruits, the white commonly is meaner, as
in Pear-plumbs, Damosins, etc. 1657 R. Austen Fruit
Trees 1. 57 The Damazeene also is an excellent fruit.
1747 Mrs. Guiasse Cookery xviii. heading, To preserve
damsons whole. 1750 Jounson Rambler No. 51? 14 The
art of scalding damascenes without bursting them. 1818
Mrs. Suerwoop Fairchild Fam. (1829) I. xiv. 115 Mrs.
Fairchild and Betty boiled up a great many damascenes in
sugar. 1866 /reas. Bot., Prunus institia, the Bullace..
A variety occurs with yellowish fruit, which latter are sold
in London as White Damsons.. . i
b. Locally, a distinction is sometimes made
between damson and damascene, the latter being
os to the so-called damson-plum : see c.
1818 Topp Suppl, Damascene. This and the damson
are distinct sorts of plums : the damascene is the larger of |
the two, and not at all bitter; the damson is smaller, and
has a peculiar bitter or roughness. 1891 Daily News 17
Nov. 5/2 In Nottinghamshire there is, it seems, a recognised
distinction between ‘damsons’ or ‘damasons’ and ‘ damas-
cenes’..in the Newark County Court..a greengrocer..
complained that whereas he had ordered damsons he was
supplied with damascenes.
ec. Damson plum: formerly =damson; but now
applied to a sub-variety of plum somewhat like the
damson : see quot. 1892.
1586 Cocan Haven Health (1636) 104 The Damasin
Plummes are woont to be dried and preserved as figges.
1611 CoTGr., Damaisine, a Damascene, or Damsen plum. |
179 Footr Lame Lover 1. Wks. 1799 Il. 85 It was..
the best of plum-trees, it was adamascen plum. 1892 Daily
News 13 Sept. 3/2 The damson plum .. is quite as good for
inost purposes as the damson, and has not its acridity or
roughness. ;
2. The tree which bears this: also damson tree.
1398 Trevisa Barth. de P. R. xvit. cxxxv. (1495) 686 Of
plumme tree is many manere of kynde but the Damacene
isthe beste. 14..7. of Erceldoune 180 (Cambr. MS.) | sd
darte and also be damsyn tre. 1575 Art of Planting 11 To
set Damsons or Plum trees. 1625 Bacon Ess., Gardens
(Arb.) 556 In Aprill follow .. The Dammasin, and Plum-
Trees in Blossome. 1860 Detamer Kitch. Gard. 158 In
shallow or wet soils it is better to bud [peaches] on plum
stocks, such as damsons, St. Juliens, &c.
3. Applied to Chrysophyllum oliviferum of the
W. Indies (Damson-plum, quot. 1756); Bitter or
Mountain Damson, a name for Simaruba amara.
1756 P. Browne Yamaica 171 The Damson-plumb .. is
found wild in many parts of Jamaica. 1811 A. T. THomson
Lond, Disp. (1818) 327 The Simaruba quassia, or mountain
damson, as it is called in Jamaica. 1858 R. Hoce Veg.
Kingdom 224 Simaruba officinalis .. attains the height of
sixty feet, and is called Bitter Damson, Mountain Damson,
and Slave Wood. :
4. a. attrib. or adj. Of the colour of the damson.
Also damson brown.
1661 Lovett Hist. Anim. & Min. Introd., Partridge,
ian, reddish, cinereous, white, and damascen. 1684
ond, Gaz. No. 1963/4 A Damson brown Mare. 1791
Hamitton Berthollet’s Dyeing 11. u.vi. iv. 347 Damascene
colours, and other shades of browns of the common dye.
b. attrib. and Comb., as damson dumpling, etc. ;
damson-cheese, an inspissated conserve of dam-
sons and sugar; damson-pie, -tart (s/ang, after
damn), profane language; damson-plum (see
Ic, 3).
1769 Mrs. Rarratp Eng. Housekpr. (1778) 183 To make
Damson Dumplins. rye C. K. SHarre New Oxford
Guide ii. in Mem, (1888) I, 15 Cakes, Lge pod de joes,
and sweet damson cheese. 1887 Jessorp Arcady 213 His
language is profane from long habit—‘ given over to d.
22
engyn. 1340 Ayend.1 Pis boc is dan Michelis of North-
fi; cgi Cuaucer Monk's 4 e
ip quod he. . Wher shal I calle
trawler is worked.
_ Hence attrid. dan-tow, the rope fastening the dan to the
lines or, in steam-trawling, to a small anchor or anchors.
1687 Lond. Gaz. No. 2298/4 They will .. forthwith cause
to be laid a White Buoy, having a Dann thereupon, till
they may be able to erect another Beacon. 1883 Fisheries
Exhib. Catal.7 Fleet of Cod Lines. .ready for Baiting, with
Dans, Dantows, and Anchors complete. 1892 Whitby
Gaz. 11 Nov. 3/1 The vessel then drifts slowly on until
a distance of about two miles separates it from the dan.
3, Coal-mining. local. A small truck or
sledge on which coal is drawn from the workings
to the main road or shaft. Hence Dan v.
1852 Branpe Dict, Sc. (ed. 2\, Dans, small trucks or
sledges used in coal mines. 1871 Trans. Amer. Inst.
Mining Eng. 1. 305 The coals were brought along the face
to the hill, on a ‘dan’.. there reloaded and hauled to the
shaft. 1879 Miss Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk., Dan,
a small tub used for drawing coals from the workings to the
main road where the skips are loaded. Danning is drawing
the coals in the dans, which is done by boys.
Danaid (dened). [In Fr. Danaide, ad. Gr.
Aavais, pl, Aavaides, the Danaides or daughters of
Danaus king of Argos, who, having murdered
their husbands on the wedding-night, were con-
demned eternally to pour water into bottomless
or sieve-like vessels.]
A daughter of Danaus; used a/trzb. in reference
to the labour of the Danaides: endless and futile.
So Danaide’an a.; and Danaus used attrzb.
a1628 F. Grevitte Sidney (1652) 62 A Danaus sive of
prodigality. 1884 Ceutury Mag. Mar. 704 The crew are
worn out with their Danaidean task.
de (de‘neaid). [a. mod.F. danaide (see
prec.) : so named in 1813 by a committee of the
French Academy of Sciences, to whom it was sub-
mitted by the inventor Mannoury d’Ectot, from a
fancied analogy to the vessels which the Danaides
| were required to fill.]
A kind of horizontal water wheel, consisting of a
vertical axis to which is attached a conical drum
and case, with radial spiral floats; the water is
directed against the floats by a chute and escapes
at the bottom: also called ‘ tub-wheel ’.
1825 Mech. Mag. 1V.41 Description of the Danaide. 1856
Cresy Encycl. Civ. Eng. 959 Danaide..this machine may
be classed among hydraulic wheels.
Danaite (dé'-na,ait). Aix. [Named 1833 after
J. F. Dana, an American chemist.] A variety of
arsenopyrite or mispickel, containing cobalt.
1833 A mer. Frnl. Sc. XXIV. 386 Danaite, a new ore of
cobalt and iron.
Danalite (dénaloit). Ain. [Named 1866
after J. D. Dana, an American mineralogist: see
-LITE.} A silicate of iron, glucinum, etc. with
sulphide of zinc, occurring in reddish octahedrons
in ite.
1866 Amer. Frni, Sc. Ser. u. XLII. 72 On Danalite, a new
Mineral Species.
Danburite (de‘nbérait). Aix. [Named 183
from Danbury, Ct., U.S., where it occurs.] R
boro-silicate of lime, brittle, translucent, and of a
yellowish or whitish colour,
1839 Amer. Frnl. Sc. XXXV. 137 Danburite, a new
Mineral S ies, 1886 Exnt Min. 295 The presence of
tart like’, as they say in Arcady. } W. Brack Strange
Adv. House Boat viii. (Farmer), Even if you were to hear
some of the Birmingham lads giving each other a dose of
damson-pie. .you wouldn’t da single
Damysé, var. of DaAMASKE Odés., damson.
Damysel, Damysen, obs. ff. DamsEL, Damson.
+Dan'. Oés. Also 4-5 daun, danz, daunz, 4-6
Gaus, § dann ; see also Sc. dene, Den. [a. OF.
dan (also dant, dam, damp, in nom. dans, danz)
=mod.F. dom, Pr. don, dompn, Sp., Pg. don, It.
donno :—L. dominus lord. Cf. Dam ay
An honourable title = Master, Sir: a. used in
addressing or speaking of members of the religious
orders; cf. Dom ; b. applied to distinguished men,
knights, scholars, poets, deities, etc.; its modern
affected application to poets appears to be after
Spenser’s ‘ Dan Chaucer’.
idar pat tyue. came CHA, Wrece (Rath Steg
ma’ _ . 2
With hem wante deand Maya ffor po protien to pad
n burite.
Dance (dans), sd. Forms: 4-7 daunce, (4-5
dauns(e, 5-6 dawnce, 6 dans(s), 5~ dance. [e
OF. dance, danse, f. the vb. dancer, danser.
Pr., Cat. dansa, Sp. danza, Pg. danga, dansa, It.
danza; also Ger. fanz, Du. dans.]
1. A rhythmical skipping and stepping, with
regular turnings and movements of the limbs and
body, usually to the accompaniment of music ;
either as an expression of joy, exultation, and the
like, or as an amusement or entertainment ; the
action or an act or round of dancing.
K. Allis. M t » and daunces
maben. 1303 KR Been Hawt Spade ih eo karols,
somour games, ¢ 1340 Cursor M. 7601 (Trin.) In her daunse
v.”, dauncin af Ca ag tell ag ¢ 1400 Rom. Rose 808
t to me liked right wele, That Courtesie me cleped so, And
bade me on the daunce go. _ 1535 CoverDALe Ps. cxlix. 3
Let them prayse his name in the daunce. Suaks.
Mids. N.u, i. 254 Lul’d in these flowers with dances and
delight. sécs Bias Judy. xxi. ax If the danghters of
DANCE.
Shiloh gown ont to deunce in dewnens «site Mein.
v. 619 That oa spent In dance
o Hill, y y song
about the
1730-46 THomson Autumn 122 haams
graceful in the dance. Sag H. Wana wy
Anecd. Paint. (2786) IL. 157 The holy family with a dance
of Angels..is a capital picture. 1841 Lever C. O'Malley
exviii, Waltzers whirled past in the wild excitement of the
dance. Mod. Her partner for the next dance.
2. A definite succession or arrangement of steps
and rhythmical movements constituting one parti-
ticular form or method of dancing.
1393 Gower Conf. II. The hove daunce and the
carole. 1g2x R. Coptanp (¢it/e), Maner of Dar of
base daunces after the vse of Fraunce. 1599 Suaxs. Hen. V,
m1. iv. 25 If we heard that E: Wese busied with
a Whitson Morris-dance. 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa 1.
* A kinde of dance which they use also in Spaine . . called
Canaries. 1711 Bupcett Sfect. No. 67 P 2 Pyrrhus
.. Inventing the Dance which is after his Name. 1879
. Mosetey Nat. on Challenger 331 The most in-
teresting dances were a Club Dance and a Fan Dance.
b. A tune or musical composition for regulating
the movements of a dance, or composed in a dance
thythm.
1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. xvi. xix, She commaunded her
mynstrelles right anone to play..the gentill daunce. 1
Mortey /ntrod. Mus. 180 Ballete or daunces.. whieh
being song to a dittie may likewise be daun 1711
Bunce Spect. No. 67 ® 9 [He] bid the Fidlers play a Dance
called Mol Patley. 1880 Grove Dict. Mus. 1. 350/t His
[Chopin's] first .. compositi were d es i:
Mazurkas, and Valses.
3. A social gathering for the purpose of dancing ;
a dancing party.
1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 1269 Dido, And waytyn hire at
festis and at dauncis. 1790 Burns 7am O'Shanter 178 Ah!
little kenn'd thy reverend grannie, That sark she coft for her
wee Nannie. . Wad ever graced a dance of witches! a 1845
Baruam /ngold. Leg., Wedding day,When asked to a party,
a dance, or a dinner. fod. Mrs, S. is giving a dance
instead of a garden y this year.
4. transf and fez.
ey 2 Jounson Rambler No. 85 4 The dance of spirits,
the bound of vigour..are reserved Ee him that braces his
nerves. 1879 Stainer Music of Bible 3 One might say that
rhythm is the dance of sound. 188: Daily Tel. 28 Jan.,
The dance of the waters, especially to windward, was visible
for over a mile around.
+5. fig. Course of action; mode of procedure,
play, game. Zo know the old dance: cf. F. ‘elle
sgatt assez de la vietlle danse, she knowes well
enough what belongs to the Game’ (Cotgr.).
a@ 1352 Minor Poems i. 66 At Donde now es done paire
daunce, And wend pai most anoper way. /d/d. v. 14 Sare
it pam smerted pat ferd dut of France, Pare lered Inglis
men pam a new daunce. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Prol. 476 Of
remedies of loue she knew per chaunce For she koude
of that Art the olde daunce. 1423 Jas. I Kingis Q. clxxxv,
Tham that ar noght entrit inne The dance ufe. 1449
Pecock ah oe 1, xvi. 86 God for his merci and pitee kepe
Ynglond, that he come not into lijk daunce. ee More
Rich, 111, Wks. 53 The lord Stanley and he ed
with diuerse other lordes, and broken all the daunce. 1659
B. Harris Parival’s [ron Age 193 The Emperour
troubled, at this too long and too bloody dance. 1735
Wa rote in Morley Life viii. (1889) 114 This dance ..
no further go. I meant well, but .. Id
ied into execution without an armed force.
6. Phrases: a. Zo begin, lead the dance; fig. to
take the lead in any course of action.
c13a5 Coer de L. 3739 The damyseles lede daunse.
¢ 1374 Cuaucer Troylus 1. Yet made he bo as fressh
a contenaunce, is beak schulde haue led newe
daunce. cr Wycir Sed. Wks. 11. Crist ledip
daunce of love. 1526 Sxe.ton Magay/. 1348 Foly
foteth it properly, Fansy ledeth the dawnce, 1879 ‘OMSON
Calvin's Serm, Tim. = They must begin dance to
be punished. @1616 Beaum. & Fi. Cust. Country u. i,
They heard your lordship Was, by the ladies’ choice, to
lead the dance. 1742 Mann Let. to H. ag aaa Sept.,
M. de Gages is now the man who begins the
b. Zo lead, rarely give (a person) a dance; fig.
to lead (him) in a wearying, perplexing, or dis-
appointing course ; to cause him to undergo exertion
or worry with no uate result.
a1§29 Sxetton Edw. /V, 29 She [Fortune] toke me by
yo hand and “7 me a Dery 1599 —— Pes Wom.
ingd. 11. ii, they may .. a dark
dance in the ni tet x68a LickeRINGILL Wés, (1716) II. 37,
I think he has me a fair am so |. 2700
S. L. tr. C. Fryke’s Voy. E. Ind. 45 hay wal bggadeend 5
a dance, that 1 had almost stuck in the Slough. 1798 W.
Hutton Awtodiog. I should
of twenty miles ly kfi
have led them a
Kiddermi . ne
Aupricu Prud, Palfrey i. (1885) 12 It was notorious that
the late Maria Jane r. Wiggins something of
a dance in this life. x
e. Dance of Death: an allegorical on
of Death 1 men of all ranks conditions
in the dance to the grave: a very common subject
of pictorial representation during the middle
Also called dance of Macabre, ¥. danse macabre:
We Loe. Dewees. af Mgshalens Teele is GUS
alee ot sabe pancnth iB hpi is with all the
cel crclts eusry domes os Rieeke anna?
as For ‘and wa nar Wl tial daunce stode “To hell
1494 Fasyan
he
shoulde we go, with horrible vengeaunce.
Chron. vi. clyi. 145 But deth y? is to all pérmones spall,
lastlye tooke in his dymme daunce, whan he had ben
kyng .xlvii. 1631 Werever Anc. Fun. Mon. 378
Phe dunes Death .. the Picture of death leading all
DANCE.
estates. 1833 . Dattaway Archit. Eng. 137 (Stanford)
The Dance of Macabre (Holbein’s Dance of Death) was
painted on the walls.
d. St. Vitus’s dance =CHORRA, q.v. 3 also fig.
Also St, Yohn's, St. Guy's dance, terms applied to the
dancing-mania of the middle ages,
1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. i. 1. iv, Chorus Sancti Viti, or
S. Vitus Dance..they that are taken with it can do nothing
but dance till they be dead, or cured. 1721 Baitey, Chorea
Santi Viti, St. Vitus’s Dance. 1746 Z; ANDREE (Z7¢/e),
Cases of Epilepsy, Hysteric Fits, and St. Vitus’s Dance,
with the Process and Cure. 1804 Soutuey in H. D. Traill
Coleridge (1884) 106 His [Coleridge’s] mind is in a perpetual
St. Vitus’s dance—eternal activity without action. 1840
Tweevie Pract. Med. II. 205 In St. John's dance, as well
as in that of St. Vitus..a tympanic state of the abdomen was
a frequent symptom. :
e. Dance upon nothing: an ironical expression
for hanging (cf. DANCE v. 3 b).
1840 Hoop Kilmansegg, Her Death ix, Just as the felon
condemned to die. . From his gloomy cell in a vision elopes,
To caper on sunny greens and slopes, Instead of the dance
upon nothing. @1845 — An Open Question, note, If
a dance upon Sunday led so inevitably to a dance upon
nothing !
7. attrib. and Comb., as dance-leader, -lover,
-tune ; dance-loving adj.; dance-hall, -house, a
public dancing saloon (U..S.); dance-music,
‘music designed as an accompaniment to dancing ;
also, music written in dance rhythm though not
for dancing purposes’ (Grove Dzct. Mus.).
1891 Scribner's Mag. Sept. 276/1 Port Said..abounds in
French cafés and dance-halls. 1889 Boston (Mass.) Fraud.
24 Apr. 1/8 To run a dance-house and gambling-den.
1440 Promp. Parv. 114 Dawnceledere, coralles. 1860
G. H. K. Vac. Tour. 152 Very popular... as a means of
producing dance music.
Dance (dans), v. Forms: 4-6 daunse, 4-7
daunce, (5 dawnce, 6 dans(s, danse), 5— dance.
[a. OF. dance-r, danse-r = Pr. dansar, Sp. danzar,
Pg. dangar, dansar, It. danzare.
The origin of the Romanic word is obscure ; it is generally
held (after Diez) to be an adoption of OHG. dansén to
draw, to stretch out, from which is supposed to have arisen
the sense ‘to form a file or chain in dancing’, From
Romanic the word has been taken (back) in the sense
‘dance’ into German: MHG. fanzen(11thc), MDudansen.
(OHG. dansén was a derivative form from dixsax = Goth.
pinsan in at-Jinsan to draw towards one.)]
1. intr. To leap, skip, hop, or glide with
measured steps and rhythmical movements of the
body, usually to the accompaniment of music, either
by oneself, or with a partner or in a set.
c 1300 K. Alis. 5213 Mery time it is in May.. Maydens so
dauncen and thay pe 1388 Wycuir 2 Sav. vi. 14 Dauid
.. daunside with al pe sew, on bifor the Lord. 1483 Cax-
ton Gold. Leg. 4 /3 He..sente them into the gardyn to
daunse & to caro! fe: 1530 Patscr. 361 After dynner men
avaunced them to daunce eche man with eche woman. 1632
Mitton L’Allegro 96 Many a youth and many a maid
Dancing in the chequer’d shade. 1712 STEELE Sfect. No,
466 ® 3 You shall see her dance, or, if you will do her that
Honour, dance with her. 1884 Miss Brappon /shmael ix,
I never danced with any one in my life until to-day. I have
danced by myself in the yard sometimes when there was an
organ.
+b. Zo dance barefoot: said of an elder sister
when a younger one was married before her. Ods.
1596 Suaks. Zam. Shr. 1. i. 33 She must hauea husband ;
I must dance bare-foot on her wedding day, And for your
loue to her leade Apes in hell. 1742 Mrs. DeLany Life &
Corr. (1861) II. 188 The eldest daughter was much dis-
appointed that she should dance barefoot, and desired her
father to find out a match for her.
ce. Of animals taught to perform certain regular
movements.
¢ 1530 Hickscorner in Hazl. Dodsley I. 184 Then should
ye dance asa bear. 1854 Woop Axim. Life 210 The educa-
tion of most bears seldom aspires beyond teaching the
animal to stand on its hind legs, and raise each foot alter-
nately, a performance popularly entitled ‘dancing’.
d. ¢ransf. and ig.
¢1430 Lypc. Bochas 1. viii. (1544) 11a, Beware afore or
ye daunce in the rowe Of such as Fortune hath from her
whele ithrow. 1613 Suaxs. Hen. VI//, vy. iv. 68, I haue
some of ’em in Liwbo Patrum, and there they are like to
dance these three dayes.
e. To dance to ot after (a person's) pipe, whistle,
etc. : fig. to follow his lead, act after his desire or
instigation.
1562 J. Hevwoop Prov. § Efpigr. (1867) 61 To daunce
after her pipe, I am ny led. 1 Mippieton Father
Hubb, Tales Wks. 1886 VIII. 65 Till the old devourer ..
death, had made our landlord dance after his pipe. 1707
Norris Treat. Humility iii. 98 When a man .. dances to
the tune of the age wherein he lives. 1823 Scott Peveril
vii, I thought I had the prettiest girl in the Castle dancing
after my whistle. 1845 S. Austin Ranke’s Hist. Ref. 1.523
That most of these councillors .. will ‘dance to Rome’s
piping’, if they do but see her gold.
2. To leap, skip, spring, or move up and down,
with continuously recurring movement, from excite-
ment or strong emotion. Said also of the lively
skipping or prancing of animals, and of the heart,
the blood in the veins, etc.
cxzesg EZ. E. Allit. P. A. 34 pou daunce as an’
do, Braundysch, & brais by £o3 z breme, c¢ ;
Alexander 2618 For be dowt of dyn daunced stedis.
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 291 Some were con-
strayned to leape and daunce for ioye. 1553 EpENn Treat.
Newe Ind. (Arb.) 21 The woman runneth vp and down,
daunsing continually like a frantike bodie. 16x SHaxs,
23
Wint. T. 1. it. 110, I haue Tremor Cordis on me: my
heart daunces, But not for ioy. @1720 SHEFFIELD (Dk,
Buckhm.) Wes. (1753) I. 160 The blood more lively danc’d
within our veins. 1792 S. Rocers Pleas. Mem. 1. 142 When
the heart danced, and life was in its spring. 182r Lame
Elia, Valentine's Day, He saw, unseen, the happy girl un-
fold the Valentine, dance about, clap her hands. 1859
Tennyson Enid 505 Yniol’s heart Danced in his bosom,
seeing better days. A :
b. To run, go, or moye on with dancing or
tripping motion.
1712 Arsutunot Yohn Bull 1. x, How you have danced
the round of all the Courts. 1820 Scorr Addsot xxiv, The
moments... danced so rapidly away. /did. xxxiv, Some
sprightlydamsel, who thinks to dance through life as through
a French galliard. 1872 Brack Adv. Phaeton ii. 20 These
boys of twenty-five will dance over the world’s edge in
pursuit of a theory.
3. Of things inanimate: To bob up and down on
the ground, on the surface of water, in the air, etc.
Often with personification or figurative reference
to gay and sprightly motion.
1563 W. Furke Meteors (1640) 7b, The flame appeareth
to leape or daunce from one part to the other, much like as
bals of wild fire daunce up and downe in the water. 1567
Drant Horace’s Epist. xviii. F vj, Whilst thy ship doth
kepe a flote, ydauncinge on the plaine. 1665 Hooke
Microgr. 231 Why the limb of the Sun, Moon, Jupiter ..
and Venus, appear to move or dance. 1703 Moxon Mech,
Exerc. 135 Care must be taken that the Bressummers and
Girders be not weakned more than needs, lest the whole
Floor dance.
iv, Light as the mote that daunceth in the beam. 1884
Q. Victoria More Leaves 138 The little boat rolled and
danced.
b. Grimly applied to the movements of the body
in or after death by hanging; ¢o dance upon
nothing, to be hanged.
1837 Major Ricuarpson Brit, Legion viii. (ed. 2) 210
To see a fellow-being dancing in air after death, in the
manner practised in England. 1839 H. AinswortH Yack
Sheppard xxxi. (Farmer), ‘You'll dance upon nothing,
presently’, rejoined Jonathan, brutally. 1862 CARLYLE
Fredk. Gt. (1865) II. vit. iv. 21 This poor soldier, six feet
three, your Majesty, is to dance on the top of nothing for
a three-halfpenny matter ! ;
4. trans. with the name or description of a dance
or measure as cognate object.
c1385 Cuaucer ZL. G. W. Prol. 200 (MS. Gg) Daunsynge
aboute this flour an esy pas. 1 Hawes Past. Pleas.
xvi. xix, To daunce true mesures without varyaunce. 1599
Porter Angry Wom. Abingd. m. ii, They have danced
a galliard at beggars’-bush for it. @1627 MippLETON Chasfe
Maid wv. iii, As if they'd dance the sword-dance on the
stage. 1762 Goipsm. Life of Nash Wks. 1881 IV. 69
A minuet, danced by two persons. 1844 E. Firzceratp
Lett. (1889) I. 142 If you could see the little girl dance the
Polka with her sister ! ;
b. Zo dance Barnaby: to dance to a quick
movement, move expeditiously. Zo dance the
Tyburn jig: to be hanged: cf. 3 b. Obs.
1664 Cotton Scavvon. 15 Bounce cries the Port-hole, out
they fly And make the world dance Barnaby. 1664 ETHER-
EDGE Com. Revenge v. ii, Widow, here is music; send for
a parson, and we will dance Barnaby within this half-hour.
5 VansrucH Relapse Epil., Did ever one yet dance the
Tyburn jig With a free air, or a well-pawdered wig?
6. To dance attendance: to wait (upon a person)
with assiduous attention and ready obsequiousness ;
orig. to stand waiting or ‘ kicking one’s heels’ in
an antechamber. See also ATTENDANCE 5.
1522 SKELTON Why not to Court 626 And Syr ye must
daunce attendance, And take patient sufferaunce, For my
Lords Grace, Hath now no time or space, To speke with you
as yet. 1613 Suaxs. Hex. V/JI, v. ii. 31 To suffer A man of
Place .. To dance attendance on their Lordships pleasures,
And at the dore too, like a Post with Packets. 1675 TRAHERNE
Chr, Ethics xxv. 380 Few have observed that the sun and
moon and stars dance attendance to it [the earth], and
cherish it with their influences. 1 Gray in Corr. w.
Nicholls (1843) 75 Here are a pair of your stray shoes,
dancing attendance, till you send for them. 1883 Cuaece
Mongols xxxi. 362 After dancing attendance on the court
for a month or two they receive their dismission.
6. causal. a. To lead in a dance, cause to dance.
1665 Pepys Diary 11 Oct., Having danced my people as
long as I saw fit to sit up, I to bed. 1762 Ceate the
Shandy VI. ii, When my father had danced his white bear
backwards and forwards, through half-a-dozen pages. 1773
Gotps. Stoops to Cong. 1, Though I am obligated to dance
a bear, a man may be a gentleman for all that.
b. To move or toss up and down with a dancing
jerky motion ; to dandle.
Wycutr Zsa, Ixvi. 12 Vp on the knes men shul daunte
(7S. H. @ 1450 daunsen] 30u. 1546 Heywoop Proverds u.
x, In hope. .In hir dotyng daies to be daunst on the lappe.
1622 FLetcHer Sf. Curate u. i, I have dandled you, and
kissed you, and played with you..and danced you. 1681
W. Rosertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 418 To dance a child
in one’s arms. 1773 Map. D’Arsiay Larly Diary July, It
was no sport to me to be danced up and down, and to find
the waves... rougher every instant. 1850 Tennyson /z
Mem. Epil., I that danced her on myknee. | -
7. With compl.: 'To remove, put, bring, impel,
etc., off, away, out, in, etc., by dancing.
a 1633 Austin Medit. (1635) 208 So was the blessed head
of John .. danced off his shoulders by a Harlot. 1787
Generous Attach t 1.200, I d d away the recollection
of it. 18:2 Byron Waltz vii, Her nimble feet danced off
another’s head. 1862 Merivate Rom. Enip. (1865) V1. 1. 169
hat an obscure player .. should dance himself into the
chamber of the empress. 1880 G. Merepitu 7vag. Cont.
iv. (1892) 29 Like a lady danced off her sense of fixity. AZod,
T fear he has danced away his chance.
1812 H. & J. Smitn Re7. Addr, Cut bono? |
DANCING.
Danceable (da‘nsab’l), a. cod/og. [f. DANCE v.
+-ABLE ; cf. F. dansable.] Suitable for dancing ;
fit to dance with.
1860 W. Cottns Wom. White 1. vi. 22 A flirtable,
danceable, small-talkable creature of the male sex, 1891
Sat. Rev. 25 July 123/2 ‘The Shaking Polka’..is a very
bright and danceable specimen.
Dancer (da‘nsaz). [f. DANor v. + -ER.]
1. One who dances ; sfec. one who dances pro-
fessionally in public.
c1440 Promp. Parv. 114 Dawncere, tripudiator, tripudi-
atrix. 1599 SHAks. Much Ado u, 1. 111 God match me
with a good dauncer. 1688 Lond. Gaz. No. 2318/4 Stage-
Plays, Dancers of the Ropes, and other Publick Shews.
1790 Burns Zam O'Shanter 146 The dancers quick and
quicker flew. 1858 THACKERAY Virginians xxviii, She is
a dancer, and..no better or worse than her neighbours.
+b. A dancing-master. Ods.
1599-16.. MippeTon, etc. Old Law m1. ii, His dancer
now came in as I met you. axz627 MippLEToN Chaste
Maid 1.i,1 hold my life you have forgot your dancing:
when was the dancer with you?
te. transf. A dancing-dog. Obs.
1576 Fieminc tr. Caius’ Dogs in Arb. Garner III. 261
The dog called the Dancer. .[They] are taught and exercised
to dance in measure. 1688 R. Hotme Armoury u. 184/1.
2. (p/.) A sect of enthusiasts who arose in 1374,
chiefly in parts of Flanders, and were noted for
their wild dancing ; in /athol. those affected with
the dancing-mania (S¢. Vitus’, St. John’s dance, etc.)
of the middle ages.
1764 Mactatne tr. A/osheim's Ch. Hist. xiv. 1. v. § 8
Directly the reverse of this melancholy sect was the merry
one of the Dancers, which.. arose at Aix-la-Chapelle.
1844 Bapincton tr. Hecker’s Epidemics Mid. Ages i. 88
note, According to the Chronicle of Cologne, the St. John’s
dancers sang during their paroxysms. 1882-3 SCHAFF
Encycl. Relig. Knowl. 1. 602 The sect of the Dancers,
who were enthusiasts, first appeared in 1374, on the Lower
Rhine, dancing in honor of St. John.
3. = DANDY-ROLLER, q.v.
4. fl. Stairs. slang.
1671 R. Heap Eng. Rogue 1. v. (1874) 52 (Farmer) Track
up the dancers, go up the stayres. 1725 in New Cant.
Dict. 1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Dict., Dancers, stairs, 1829
Lytton Disowned 65 Come, track up the dancers, and
dowse the glim. 1858 — IVhat will he do? xvi.(D.), Come,
my Hebe, track the dancers, that is, go up the stairs.
5. pl. A local name for the aurora borealis or
northern lights. Also A/erry dancers.
ergy Lett. fr. Mist’s Frni. (1722) 1. 99 In the North of
Scotland .. they are seen continually every Summer in the
Evening .. they call them Dancers. 1727 Phil. Trans.
XX XV. 304 The Meteor call'd by our Sailors, Merry Dancers,
was visible, and very bright. 1863C. St. Joun Nat. Hist.
Moray 86 April 7th (1847)..we saw a very brilliant aurora
borealis, or as they term it here, ‘The Merry Dancers’.
+ Danceress. és., exc. as xonce-wd. [a. OF.
danceresse, danseresse, now supplanted by danseuse :
see -ESS.] A female dancer.
1388 Wyciir Ecclus, ix. 4 Be thou not customable with
a daunseresse [1382 a leperesse or tumbler], neither here
thou hir. 149x Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 1. xli.
62 b/t The moost excellent Jongleresse or Dawnceresse that
was in the cytee of Anthyoche. 1633 Prynne H7strio-
Mastix v. viii. 260 What doth a Danceresse doe? She im-
pudently uncovers her head. 1855 /fouseh. Words XI. 57
A cavalier may. .offer..a glass nowand then to his danceress.
+Darncery. Os. rare—}. [a. OF. danserie,
dancing, ball: see -ERy.] Dancing.
1615 CHAPMAN Odyss. vill. 504 Two, with whom none
would strive in dancery.
Dancette (danse't), 52.
ation, inferred from next.]
1. Her. A fesse with three indentations.
1864 BouteL. Heraldry Hist. & Pop. xiv. § 1 (ed. 3) 160
The ‘daunces’ are equivalent to a group of fusils conjoined
in fesse across the shield, which is sometimes blazoned as
a ‘dancette’ or a fesse dancettée. ;
2. Arch. A zigzag or chevron moulding.
1838 Britton Dict. Archit. 249 The chevron moulding,
or dancette. 1876 Gwitt Encycl. Archit. Gloss.
Also
Dancetté, -ee (danséte, -ti), a. Her.
-ty. [app. a corruption of F. danché, denché, in
OF. also dansié (:—late L. denticdtus, f. dent-
tooth) used in same sense.
Dancetté or danceté may have originated in a scribal
error for danché or dansié. OF. had also the phrase
a@ danses=danché.) .
Of a line, the edges of a fesse, etc.: Having large
and deeply marked indentations, usually three in
number; = Dancy.
1610 Guittim Heraldry u. iii. (1660) 55 These two last
mentioned sorts of Lines viz. Indented and Daunsette are
both one. .their forme is all one, but in quantity they differ
much in that the one is much wider and deeper than the
other. 1661 Morcan SpA. Gentry 1. ii, 15 Dancette differs
from Indented, by reason it consists but of three teeth only.
1864 Boutett Heraldry Hist. & Pop. xiii. (ed. 3) 115
A chief dancettee. 1882 Cussans Heraldry ii. 47 The lines
by which a shield is divided. .may assume any of the follow-
ing forms..Indented, Dancetté (but 3 indentations). iv. 59
Argent ; a Bend vert, between Cotises dancetté gules.
cing (dansin), vé/. sb. [-1nc1.] The
action of the verb Dancr.
a 1300 Cursor M. 7601 (Gitt.) In bair dauncing bis was
pair sang. @1340 Hampote Psalter xxxix. 6 Hoppynge
& daunceynge of tumblers & herlotes. 1530 TINDALE
Pract. Prelates Wks. (1573) 375. As who should say, we
payd for all mens daunsing. 1633 P. Frercner Purple Is?.
[app. a modern form-
DANCING.
With dancings, gifts and songs, Cotto
fs nic = 244 One et gifs 2 the King Sonal
ing at Court. 1766 Forpyce Serm. Yug.
i ane Dancing a r a
‘omen (ed, 4) I, vi. 236 What is dancing, in the best sense,
but the h y of moti dered more palpable? 1855
‘THackeray Newcomes xxiv, They had no dancing at Grand-
mamma's ; but she adores dancing. 5
b. attrib. and Comb. as dancing-assembly,
-chamber, -days, -dress, -floor, -hall, -house, -match,
pipe, -pump, -shoe, etc.; dancing-malady,
-mania, -plague=CHoREA; dancing-mistress,
a female teacher of dancing; + dancing rapier,
a sword worn only for ornament in dancing;
dancing-room, a room for dancing ; sec. one for
public dancing. Also DANCING-MASTER, -SCHOOL.
1765 Cowrer Let. to ¥. Hill 3 July, Here is a card-
assembly, and a*dancing-assembly. ¢1385 Cuaucer L.G. W.
1106 Dido, To *daunsyng-chaumberys ..This Enyas is led.
1592 Suaxs. Rom. § Ful. 1. v.33 Nay sit..For you and I are
past our *dauncing daies. x Swirt Stella's Birthday,
As when a beauteous nymph decays, We say, she’s past
her dancing-days. 1843 Loncr. Sf. Student u. i, Now
bring me. .my *dancing dress And my most precious jewels !
1839 — Hyferion 1. ili, Used as a *dancing-floor. 1
Goxpsm. Let, Wks. 1881 IV. 474 When astranger enters the
*dancing-hall he sees one end of the room taken up with the
ladies. 1818 Scott rt. Mid/. ix, Nae frequenter of play-
house, or music-house, or *dancing-house. 1878 tr. Ziemssen’s
Cycl. Med, XIV. 416 As a pandemic disease, the *dancing-
mania died out in the fifteenth century. 174 RicHARDSON
Pamela 11. 145 All the Ladies could prevail upon my Master
for, wasa *Dancing-match. 1852 Dickens Bleak H. II. vii,
*Dancing-mistress though in her limited ambition she
aspired to be. ¢1440 Promp. Parv. 114 *Dawncynge pype,
carola. 1847 As. Situ Chr. Tadpole xix. (1879) 167 Rhey
all wear jackets and trowsers, and trodden out *“dancing-
pumps. 1788 Wo tcort (P. Pindar) Peter’s Pension Wks.
1812 II. 17 T’ illume The goodly Company and *Dancing-
room. 1836 Murray's Handbk. N.Germ.271 Occupied by
low taverns and dancing-rooms. 1709 STEELE Tatler No. 180
te He Sas not exceeding Four Inches Height in the
eel.
Da‘ncing, ///. a. [-1Nc?.] That dances, in
various senses of the verb.
{c 1386 Cuaucer Kxt’s 7. 1343 What ladies fairest bene or
best daunceinge.] 1568 Futwet Like W7ll to Like in Hazl.
Dodsley 11. 310 Whom have we here? Tom Tumbler, or
else some dancing bear? 1583 Stuspes Anat. Abus. 1.
(1882) 33 Their dansing minions, that minse it ful gingerlie.
1697 Drypven Virg. Georg. 1. 506 Chaff with eddy Winds is
whirl'd around, And dancing Leaves are lifted
round. _r70r De For 7rue-born Eng. 8 A Dansing
ation, Fickle and Untrue. 1887 J. Batt Nat. in S.
Amer. 15 The irregular surface of the little dancing waves.
b. + Dancing-goats [Lat. capfre saltantes], a
species of meteor or aurora: dancing-damsel,
-wench, -woman = DANCING-GIRL.
1 W. Furxe Meteors (1640) 6b, Of fiery meteors..
they have divers names: for they are called burning stubble,
torches, dauncing or leapin: oates. bid. 7b, Dansing
Goats are..as when two torches be seene together, and the
flame appeareth to leape or daunce from one part to the
other. 1606 G. W[oopcockeE] tr. Fustin 42 b, He begat
Larissa, a dauncing damsel. Fryer Acc. E. India §
P. 160 The Dancing Wenches singing with Bells at their
Wrists and Heels, 1810 T. Witutamson &. Jndia Vade M,
I. 386(Y.) The dancing-women are of different kinds.
Da‘ncing-girl. [Dancinc Z7/. a.]
1. A girl who dances in public; a female pro-
fessional dancer; esp. in India, a nautch-girl
(in Pg. batladetva, BAYADERE).
1760 Go.pso. Cit. W. xlv, Pleased with the postures as
well as the condescension of our dancing girls. 1782 Azn.
Reg. 43 A = of strolling dancing girls from Surat
appeared ona platform. 1842 Loner. Sp. Stud. 1. i, A mere
dancing-girl, who shows herself Nightly, half-naked, on the
stage, for money. 1848 Hr. Martineau Last. Life (1850)
283 There was a booth with dancing-girls, a horrid sight.
2. Dancing-girls: a plant, Mantisia saltatoria,
cultivated in green-houses for the beauty and
singularity of its purple and yellow flowers.
1866 7reas. Bot. 719/t Its flowers..present some resem-
blance to a ballet-dancer ; hence the popular name, Dancing
Girls, applied tothe plant,
mere R eA (davnsinli), adv. [f. Dancine ffl. a.
+-LY 2.] a dancing or capering manner.
1667 H. More Div. Dial, 1, xxxvi. (1713) 283 If you be
so dancingly — Bs Chamb, Frnl. 27 Aug. 552/2
Achill gleam. .lit dancingly on Miss Mattie’s face.
Da‘ncing-ma:ster. [Dancin vé/. sb.] A
professional teacher of dancing.
(titde), The English Dancing-Master. 1681 Orway
Soldier's Fort. v.v, Odd, they'll make an old fellow of sixty-
five cut a caper like adancing-master, 1711 ADDISON Sect,
No. 29 P 11 The Shepherds .. acquit themselves in a Ball
better than our English Dancing-Masters. 1860 Emerson
Cond. Life, Culture (Bohn) I. 371 In town, he can find
the swimming-school, the gy , the dancing "
Da‘ncing-school. [f. as prec.] A school
for instruction in dancing.
1580 Baret A/v. D 118 A daunsing schoole. 1599 SHAks.
Hen, V, m. v. 32 They bid vs to the English ancing
Schooles. 1647 Wan Simp. Cobler 9 The Church .. will
sooner become the Devils dancing-Schoole, then Gods
Temple. 1837 Hr. Martineau Soc. Amer. IL. 356 A warn-
ing that no young lady who attended dancing-school that
winter should be employed.
+ Dancitive, a. Ods. nonce-wd. [f. Dance v.,
on the analogy of sensitive : cf. talkative.] Inclined
or given to dancing,
1606 Sir G. Goosecappe u. in Bullen O, P?. 111. 31 Your
Lord is very dancitive me thinkes,
from the |
24
+ a. Her. Obs. rare. - [a. OF. dansté,
danché :—late L. denticatus toothed, f. dent- tooth.]
Toothed, indented.
1611 Corcr., Danché, indented; or (as in termes of
blazon) ~ 4706 Puitips, Dancette or Dancy.
Dand, slang or dial. abbreviation of Danby.
1886 T. Harpy Mayor of Cast. xxvii, Farfrae, being
a young dand. x89r — Tess I. 89 You will never set out
- without dressing up more the dand than that?
Dandelion (dznd/lsion). Forms: 6 dent de
lion, dentdelyon, dantdelyon, 6-7 dan-, dante-
delyon, 7 dent-, dendelion, 6- dandelion.
[a. F. dent de lion, in med.L. dens leonis, ‘lion's
tooth’, from the toothed outline of the leaves.]
1. A well-known Composite plant (7araxacum
Dens-leonis or Leontodon Taraxacum), abundant
in meadows and waste ground throughout Europe,
Central and Northern Asia, and North America,
with widely toothed leaves, and a large bright
yellow flower upon a naked hollow stalk, suc-
ceeded by a globular head of pappose seeds ; the
leaves, stalk, and root contain a bitter milky juice.
1513 Dovuctas Anes xu. Prol. 119 Seyr downis smaill on
dent de lion sprang. 1578 Lyte Dodoens v. xvi. 568 Dan-
delion flowrethin April and August. /did. 569 The seconde
kinde is called .. in shoppes Dens deonis .. in French Pisse-
en-lict ..in Englishe Dandelyon. 1 Harti Ref. Silk-
qwormt 31 They wil also eate the hearb called Dantedelyon.
“~ RYON. Good House-w. xxii. (ed. 2) 216 Our Herb
called Dandelion (that isin English, Lyons Tooth, because of
the similitude of its Leaf). 1732 ArsutHNot Rules of Diet
1. 249 The Juice of the Dandelion is a remedy in intermit-
ting Fevers. 1805 Worpsw. laudracour & Fulia, A tuft
of winged seed. .from the dandelion’s naked stalk .. Driven
by the autumnal whirlwind. 1872 Ottver Elem. Bot. 1. 195
In Dandelion, all the florets are. .ligulate and yellow.
2. Applied, with qualifying words, to other .
Composites: as Autumnal D., Apargia autum-
nalis; Blue D., a species of lettuce (Lactuca
sonchifolia) with toothed leaves ; Dwarf D.(U.S.), |
Avigia virginica; False D., ‘a branching compo-
site of the southern United States, Pyrrhopappus Ca-
rolintanus, with dandelion-like heads’ (Cent. Dict...
3. attrib.
1656 Mennis & Smitu Musarum Del., Oberon’s A rel,
His [Oberon’s] breeches. .lined with dandelyon plush. 1821
Crare Vill. Minstr. 1. 114 The dandelion flowers. 1883
Miss Brappon Gold. Calf vii. 83 As light and airy as that
dandelion seed.
Dander (dzndaz), sd.1 Sc. [Origin unknown].
A piece of the vitrified refuse of a smith’s fire or
a furnace; a calcined cinder or piece of slag.
x Newre Jour Eng. & Scot. 230 These [peats] burnt
in kiln-pots leave a plate of yetlin amongst the ashes, which
the country peoplecall a dander. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth
iii, ‘ Nay, father,’ said the Smith, ‘you cannot suppose that
Harry Gow cares the value of a smithy-dander for such
acub.’ 1828 Specif. 7. Stirling's patent No. 5685. 3
A layer of dander or the scorie obtained from the Carron
Ironworks in Scotland. 1888 Cycl. Tour. Club Gaz. Mar.
8/1 The horse sprained the fetlock joint in the near fore-
‘oot .. in consequence of a number of lumps of ashes or
‘danders * having been left on the road.
Dander (dendai), sé.2 [Origin uncertain:
app. West Indian or American.] (See quot.) Now
commonly Dunner, q.v.
2¢ 1796 Sir J. Datrymp_e Odserv. Veast-cake 1 The season
for working molasses lasts five months, of which three weeks
are lost in making up the dander, that is, the ferment.
Davnder, s/.3 =Danprvrr, q.v.
Dander (de‘ndo1), sd.4.. U.S. collog. and dial.
[Conjectured by some to be a fig. use of DANDER 3,
dandruff, scurf; but possibly fig. of DanpER 2,
ferment.] Ruffled or angry temper ; in phr. /o ge¢
one’s dander up, etc.
1837-40 Hatipurton Clockm. (1862) 31 He was fairly ryled,
and got his dander up. 1848 Lowrit Biglow P. Poems 1890
IL. 49 Wud "ll git your dander riz? 1849 THackeray Pen-
zs xliii, en my dander is up it’s the very thing to
emeon. 1884 Cheshire Gloss. s.v.,‘1 got his dander
3 means I ie him out of temper. [In Dialect Glossaries of
umbrid., Sheffield, Berkshire.)
Dander (de‘ndar), 5.5 Sc. and dial. Also
daunder, dauner. [f. DanprEr v.]
1. Sc. A stroll, a saunter.
182ax Jos the Book-Man vy He'd from Edina take
adander To Glasgow. 1883 Nasmyrn Autobiog. xxi. 379
We had a long dander together through the Old Town.
2. dial. A fit of shivering.
1877 in Holderness Gloss.
Dander (dendai), v. Sc. and dial. Also
daunder, dauner, dawner. [A frequentative
form like é/under, wander. Conjectured —
to be akin to DANDLE: cf. dadder and daddle.]
1. intr. To walk idly or E pepolmny; to stroll,
saunter. (Sc. and north. dial.)
@1600 Buret in Watson Collect. (1706) II. 19 (Jam.)
hiles wandring, quhiles dandring. 1724 Ramsay 7%a-t.
ise. (1733) 1. 7, iene through flow’ry hows I dander.
1808 AnpERsON Cumbrid, Ball. 57 The wearied auld fwok
dander’d heame. 1830 Gaur Lawrie 7. 1x. viii. (1849) 434,
I would just dauner about and dwine away. < Fb
Cartyte Lett. IL. 288 To see poor Jess Donaldeen' under-
ing about, ning drawers and presses. 1889 BARRIE
indow in Thrumts xvi. 153 Hendry dandered in to change
his coat deliberately.
| occasion.
DANDIPRAT,
2, dial. a. To ‘wander’ or ‘ ramble’ in talk,
to talk incoherently. b. To tremble, to vibrate ;
applied also to the rolling sound of a drum. In
this sense akin to dunder, dunner.
oe ee ee Roorves 1.8
Hence Da‘nderer, one who ‘danders’ ; Dander-
rs. Cartye Lett. II. 85
ering individuals ’ dropping in.
Dandiacal (dendaiakal), a. [A Carlylean
derivative of Danby, after Aypochondriacal and
the like.] Of the nature of, or characteristic of,
a o-_ ; dandified.
18: ‘ARLYLE Sart, Res, m1. x. (heading) The Dandiacal
Body..It appears as if this Dandiacal Sect were but a new
modification .. of that primeval Superstition, Self- i
rng Mrs. Cartyte Lett. I. 301 How washed out the beau-
tiful dandiacal face looked. 1886 Sata in ///ustr. Lond.
News 7 Aug. 138 Arrayed in the most dandiacal manner.
Dandification (de-ndifiketfan). collog. [f.
DANDIFY 4 The action of dandifying or fact of
being dandified ; concr. a dandified adornment.
1827 Blackw. Mag. XX1. 828 There is no dandification
about it, no cockneyism. 1 Tuackeray Christmas Bhs.
(1872) 137 [He] surveys his shining little boots .. his gloves
and other dandifications with a pleased wonder.
Da‘ndified, #//. a. collog. [f. next + -ED.]
Made or adored in the style of a dandy;
foppish. .
1826 Disrarii Viv. Grey iv. i, He was dressed .. in the
most dandified style that you can conceive, 1856 R. A.
VaucHan Mystics (1860) I. vi. i. 1 ze. A rainbow-coloured,
dandified puppy, a secretary of the bishop's.
ify (dee'ndifai), v. collog. Also dandyfy.
[see -ry.] ¢rans. To give the character or style of
a dandy to; to make trim or smart like a dandy.
1823 Mirror I. 365/2 Dandyfying in the first style for the
1824 New Monthly Mag. X1. 150 The male is
dandyfying his plumage. 1859 W. H. Grecory £; Il.
134 For : iP smartened up and dandified, he uld
become the object of envy.
Darndilly, «. and sd. Sc. Also dandily. [app.
a deriv. of Danpiev.] <A. adj. Petted, spoiled
by being made too much of. Jamieson also gives
the meaning ‘Celebrated’, B. 5d. A pet, a
darling. :
1500-20 Dunsar Schir, it remembir 62, 1 wes in 30wt
on nureiss kne, [cald] Dandely, bischop, dandely. 1697
CLetanp Poems 76 (Jam.) The fate of some [that] were
once Dandillies, Might teach the younger em? fillies,
Not for to trample poor cart-horse. 17.. in R. Jamieson
9 Songs (1806) 1. 324 (Jam.) And he has married a dandily
wife, She “Ta og — wad _ a. a aps a
Songs am. dandilly toast of the parish Is woo’
and pe and a’. 1818 Br. Lamm. ems Yon
dandill d
..a’ gl ’ wi? goud and jewel
Dandily, Dandiness: see Danby.
Dandiprat (de‘ndipret). Ods. or arch. Also
6 dande-, dandy-, dandipratt(e, danty-, 6-8
dandy-, 7 dantiprat, (dand-prat). [Etymology
unknown ; as the sense-development is also uncer-
tain, the senses are here arranged chronologi-
cally.]
+L Applied to a small coin, worth three half-
pence, current in England in the 16th c. sa i.
1
its.
af se y Leta 5 ret ig. Lett. core I
Suche a Coyne might as were
1530 Patscr. 82 Coyle out the and Yrisshe
pence, iste ECORDE Gr. Artes (1575) 198 A Dandiprat,
worth 3 halfe
H
(srg) 95 : peste ie an earthen a ae Campen
— 7th stamped a small coine
RYNNE Antip. 99 A poore Knave,
dandyprat.
2. A small, insignificant, or contemptible fellow ;
a dwarf, pygmy. Also aé/rid. Obs. or arch.
1556 J. pth a Spider & F.\x. 1 — — the ais
Bartas i. iv.
thou Dandi-
downe dandipratts, So sha!
vandiprat bag bratts. Vae6 SYLVESTER
i. (1641 195/2 Am I a Dog, thou Dwarfe,
ns3 Sranyuurst 4neis 1. (Arb.) ue On father A2neas his
little dandieprat. 1878 Catvertey /ly-Leaves, Cock &
Bull, It's a thing I bought Of a bit ofachit of a boy. .‘ Chop
was my snick dandiprat’s own term.
~ then on him she frowns.
DANDLE.
‘Dandizette (dzndizet). Also dandisette,
dandysette, -zette. [f. Danpy ; app. after French
words like grése¢te.] A female dandy.
1821 New Monthly Mag. 1. 5 city dandy and
dandisette. 1825 Blackw. Mag. II. 336 Lord Fopping-
ton was a dandy, and Lady Fanciful a dandyzette. 1890
Daily News 16 Sept. 4/7 The humours of the Dandies and
the Dandizettes are shown up. .in these pleasant pages.
Dandle (dend’l), v. Also 6 dandil(1, -yll.
ape known before 16th c. To be compared with
t. dandola, var. of dondola, ‘a childes baby [ =
doll]; also a dandling’ ; dandolare, var. of dondo-
Jare, ‘to dandle the baby’ (Florio), to swing, toss,
shake to and fro; dally, loiter, idle, play, sport,
toy. But actual evidence of the derivation of the
Eng. word from the Italian has not been found.
Another suggestion is that the word may be
cognate with Ger. zénde/z intr. ‘to dawdle, toy,
trifle, dally, play, dandle’, dim. of MHG. ¢anden to
make sport (with), play; but no word of this family
is known in Old or Mid. Eng., and the sense is not
so close to the English as in the Italian word.]
1. trans. To move (a child, ete.) lightly up and
down in the arms or on the knee. Also fig.
1530 Patscr. 506/2, I dandyll, as a mother or nourryce
doth a childe upon their lappe. 1614 Br. Hatt Recold.
Treat. 804 Your Church, in whose lappe the vilest mis-
creants are dandled. c ay Woop Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I.
79 [He] would often take her out of the cradle, dandle her
in his armes. 1762 Gotpsm. Nash 93 Dandling two of
Mr. Wood’s children on her knees. 1847 J. Witson Chr.
North (1857) I. 146 He sits dandling his child on his knee.
1882 F. P. Verney in Contemp. Rev. XLII. 961 The nurse
took up a child and dandled it kindly.
b. ¢ransf. To move (anything) up and down
playfully in the hand.
@ 1678 Marvett Poems, Checker Inn, Thou'lt ken him out
> white wand He dandles always in his hand. 1865
‘Tytor Zarly Hist. Man. ii. 20 In the sign... for ‘child’,
the right elbow is dandled upon the left hand.
2. fig. To make much of, pet, fondle, pamper.
1575 GascoiGne Pr. Pleas. Kenilw. Wks. (1587) 12,
I would confesse that fortune then, full freendly dyd me
dandle. 1592 Wyrtey Avmorie 143 She dandles him, and
1605 Z. Jones Loyer’s Specters 16
Which did entertain and dandle him with all manner of de-
lights. 1742 Younc N+. 7%. i. 315 By blindness thou art
blest; By dotage dandled to perpetual smiles. 1881 GoLpwin
Smitu Lectures § Ess. 42 No man or nation ever was
dandled into greatness.
+3. To trifle, play, or toy with. Ods.
1569 E. Fenton Secr. Nature 66a, Noble men, whome
she courted and dandled with such dissimuled sleightes in
loue. 1596 SreNsER State Jrel. Wks. (Globe) 648/1 They
doe soe dandle theyr doinges, and dallye in the service to
them committed, as yf they would not have the Enemye
subdued. 1611 Speep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xx. (1632) 970
King Henries Ambassadors .. hauing been dandled by the
French during these illusiue practises. 1646 J. Hatt Hore
Vac. 83 Some studies would be hug’d as imployments, others
onely dandled as sports.
4. intr. To play or toy (with). rare.
1829 Westm. Rev. X1. 207 That sort of dandling with
Irish history. CariyLe Fredk. Gt. V1. xvi. 1x. 256
While dandling with the flute.
+5. =Danc iE. Ods. (? erroneous.)
1614 R. Tattor Hog hath lost Pearl w. in Hazl. Dodsley
XI. 480 A holy spring, about encompassed By dandling
sycamores and violets. 1656 W. D. tr. Comenius’ Gate Lat.
Unl. § 147 The wild Swan. .in his crop, (dandling just below
his beak) insatiable. 1687 A. LoveLt tr. Bergerac’s Com.
Hist, 1. 33 Having more shaggy Rags dandling about me
than the errantest Tatterdemallion.
+6. =DanpveEr 1. Sc. Obs.
a@ 1600 Bure in Watson Collect. (1706) II. 39 (Jam.) Euin
as the blind man gangs be ges, In houering far behynd, So
dois thou dandill in distres.
Dandler (dendlez). [f. DanpLe+-zR1.] One
who dandles: see the verb.
1598 Fiorito, 7rescatore, a iester, a dallier, a dandler.
1611 Corcr., Mignardeur, a luller, dandler, cherisher. 1830
Cunnincuam Brit. Paint. 1, 269 Poor Miss Morris was no
dandler of babes.
+ Dandling, sd. Ods. (or dial.) [f. DANDLE z.
+-InG.] A dandled child; a fondling, a pet.
1611 Corcr., Mignot, a wanton, feddle, fauorite ; a dilling,
dandling, darling. 1695 Kennetr Par. Antig. App. 605
Fortune..before made him her dandling. [1847-78 Hat-
LIWELL, Dandling, a fondling child.] E M
Dandling (de-ndlin), 747. sd. [-In¢1.] The
action of the verb DANDLE, q.v.
1sgx W. Wess Let. toR. Wilmott in Tancred § Gismund,
Let it run abroade (as many ntes doe their children once
past dandling). 1502 Swaks, ‘if Ad. 562. 1602 Marston
Ant. & Mel. 1m. Wks. 1856 I. 39 That wanton dandling of
your fan, 1836 Sir W. Hamitton Discuss. (1852) 260 [He]
has long out-grown the need of any critical dandling.
Darndling, #//. a. [-1n¢2.] That dandles:
see the verb. Hence Da‘ndlingly adv.
1598 FLorio, Vezzosaménte, wantonly, dandlinglie.
Dandruff, dandriff (de-ndr#f, -if). Forms:
6 dandrif, 6-7 -ruffe, -raff(e, 7 -ruf, -riffe, 7-
-ruff, -riff; also 6-7 dandro, 8-9 dander. [Of
unknown origin.
For conjectures, see Wedgwood, Edward Miiller, Skeat :
—¢ satisfactory has been suggested.]
Dead scarf-skin separating in small scales and
entangled in the hair; scurf.
Vor, III.
25
1545 Raynotp Byrth Mankynde w. vi. (1634) 198 They
that bene blacke hayre haue more store of Dandruffe then
others. 1601 Hottanp Pliny xx. vi, The iuice of Garlick
being taken in drink clenseth the head from dandruffe. 1611
Corar., Crasse de la teste, Dandriff; the skales that fall
from the head, etc. in combing. 1730 Swirt Poems, Lady's
Dressing-R oom, Combs. . Fill’d up with Dirt. .Sweat, Dand-
riff, Powder, Lead and. Hair. 1866 Youatr /orse xv. 342
The scales which fall off in the shape of dandriff.
B. 1591 Percivart Sf. Dict., Caspa de cabega, Dandro,
Furfures capitis. 1650 BuLWER Ciacniied ieinis 53 To breed
Lice and Dandro, after the manner of your Irish. 1786
Sportsman's Dict. G g viij, Some horses have neither scales,
dander, or scabs. 1876 Whitby Gloss., Dander,a slight scurf
on the skin.
attrib. 1668 Drypen Evening’s Love w. iii, There’s the
dandriff comb you lent. me.
Hence Da‘ndruffy a., scurfy. :
1858 Mayne Rein in Chamd. Frnl. IX. 333 A white
dandruffy surface was exhibited. ae,
Dandy (deendi), sd.1 (and a.). [Origin un-
known. In use on the Scottish Border in the end
of the 18th c.; and about 1873-1819 in vogue in
London, for the ‘exquisite’ or ‘swell’ of the period.
Perhaps the full form was Jack-A-DANby, which occurs from
1659, and in 18th c. had a sense which might pass into that
of ‘dandy’. Connexion with dandifrat or with F, dandin
has been guessed, but without any apparent ground. It is
worthy of notice also that Dandy = Andrew in Sc. See
Rev. C. B. Mount in WV. § Q. 8th Ser. IV. 81.]
I. 1. One who studies above everything to
dress elegantly and fashionably; a beau, fop,
‘exquisite’.
c1780 Sc. Song (see NV. § Q. 8th Ser. IV. 81), I've heard my
granny crack O’ sixty twa years back When there were sic
a stock of Dandies O; Oh they gaed to Kirk and Fair, Wi’
their ribbons round their hair, And their stumpie drugget
coats, quite the Dandy O. 1788 R. GaLtoway Poems (Jam.),
They.. laugh at ilka dandy at that fair day. 1818 Moorr
Fudge Fam. Parisi. 48 They've made hima Dandy, A thing,
you know, whiskered, great-coated, and laced, Like an hour-
glass, exceedingly small in the waist. 1819 ANDERSON
Cumbria, Ball. (1823) 148, 1..went owre to see Carel Fair ;
I’d heard monie teales o’ thur dandies—Odswinge ! how
they mek the fwok stare! 183r CarLyLe Sart. Res. m1. x,
A Dandy is a Clothes-wearing Man, a Man whose trade,
office, and existence consists in the wearing of Clothes. 1874
Dasent Halfa Life Il. 65 Like the cabriolets which some
dandies still drive. | :
b. Said of animals and things.
1835 Sir G. STEPHEN Adz’. Search Horse ii. 18, I mounted
manyaslug and many another dandy before I again ventured
to buy. 1885 Runciman Skippers & Sh. 54 The barque
looked a real dandy.
2. slang or collog. Anything superlatively fine,
neat, or dainty; esf.in phr. the dandy, ‘ the correct
thing’, ‘the ticket’.
1784 G. Corman Song in Two to One, Her breath is like
the rose, and the pretty little mouth Of pretty little Tippet
is the Dandy O! 1814 Afodio (in NV. & Q. 6th Ser. 1X. 136),
For marriage to old maids is the dandy, O. 1832 W.
STEPHENSON Gateshead Local Poems 105 A cure for coughs
I know, It will prove the dandy. 1837-40 HatisurToN
Clockm, (1862) 340 The new railroad will be jist the dandy
for you. 1887 Amer. Angler XII. 360, I had the largest,
the dandy, and was satisfied.
II. Technical and other senses; app. transferred
applications of prec. to things considered neat,
trim, or ‘ tidy’ in form or action.
8. Maut. ‘A sloop or cutter with a jigger-mast
abaft, on which a mizen-lug-sail is set’ (Smyth,
Sailor's Word-bk.). Hence dandy-rig, -rigged adjs.
1858 Merc. Marine Mag. V. 134 Dandy 3, Flats 4. 1880
Daily News 12 Nov. 27 Busy Bee, fishing dandy, of Lowes-
toft, struck on a wreck and foundered. 1886 7%es 2 Jan.
3 The lifeboats..dandy Snowdrop, of Ramsgate..dandy
Lady’s Page, of Scarborough .. dandy Seabird, of Yar-
mouth, saved vessel and six.
1858 Simmonps Dict. Trade, Dandy-rigged-cutter, 1883
Fisheries Exhib. Catal, (ed. 4) 132 An elliptical stern
Dandy-rig Fishing-boat. 1891 Dazly News 15 Dec. 5/6 His
smack .. dandy-rigged, and of only thirty-seven tons, was
again overtaken by a storm, :
4. Naut. A piece of mechanism, resembling a
small capstan, used for hoisting the trawl. Hence
dandy-span, the handle-bar by which a dandy
is worked.
1883 Fisheries E#hib. Catal. 10 Bridles, Dandies ..
Hauling Lines, and Running Gear. /d/d. 12 Manilla Bridles
- Dandy Span.
5. dial. A bantam fowl. (Dandy-cock, dandy-hen.)
1828 Craven Dialect, Dandy-cock, a bantam cock, a diminu-
tive species of poultry. 1884 Cheshire Gloss., Dandy,
a bantam, The sexes are specified as dandy-cock and
dandy-hen. 1887 S. Cheshire Gloss. 167 ‘Hey struts abowt
likea dando
6. Zrish. A small jug ; a small glass (of whisky).
1838 Blackw, Mag. May (Farmer), ‘ Father Tom and the
Pope’. Dimidium cyathi vero apud Metropolitanos Hiber-
nicos dicitur dandy. 1859 AdZ Year Round No. 12. 285 :
Take a dandy—there’s no headache in Irish whisky.
7. In various other technical applications; e.g.
a handy accessory to various machines or struc-
tures; a running-out fire for melting pig-iron in
tin-plate manufacture; a small false grate fitted
for purposes of economy into an ordinary grate or
fireplace; a light iron hand-cart used to carry coke
to a blast furnace; also short for DANDY-CART,
-ROLLER,
1850 Mrs. F. Trottope Petticoat Govt, 13 She blew
a small dandy-ful of shavings and cinders into warmth, for
DANDY-CART.
the purpose of causing the water in her diminutive kettle to
boil. 1851 Rep. Furies of Exhibition 428 A channelled and
perforated roller technically called a ‘dandy’, to remove
part of the water from the pulp. 1875 Ure Dict. Arts II].
490 The two rollers following the dandy.. are termed
couching-rollers. _ 1! W. H. Greenwoop Steel & rox
276 Price’s puddling furnace .. consists of a bed or hearth
at one end of which is a chamber or dandy in which the pig-
iron is first placed for preliminary heating. 1892 [see
Danpy-cartT].
Hence (sonce-wds.) Da‘ndyhood, the state or
style of a dandy. Da‘ndyica., dandyish. Da‘ndy-
ize v. zntr.,to play the dandy. Da‘ndy-jack v.,
to play the jack-a-dandy. Da‘ndy-land [cf. fazry-
Zand), the (imaginary) land of dandies. Da‘ndy-
ling, a diminutive or petty dandy.
1823 New Monthly Mag. VII. 229 Prank’d out in dandi-
hood withal To the top pitch of fashion’s folly. 1832
Fraser's Mag. V.171 Done..not with philosophic, perma-
nent colours, but with mere dandyic ochre and japan. 1830
Ibid. 11, 200 We have dandyised in our time with the ..
turbaned exquisites of ..Stamboul. 1831 CarRLyLE Sars.
Res, ut. x, Those Dandiacal Manicheans, with the host of
Dandyising Christians, will form one body. 1887 Fenn
Master of Cerem. xi, ‘My, he do go dandy-jacking along
the cliff.” 183r Moore Svszauer Féte 498 Two Exquisites,
a he and she, Just brought from Dandyland, and meant For
Fashion’s grand Menagerie. 1846 Worcester, Dandyling,
a little dandy ; a ridiculous fop. Ow. Rev.
B. attrib. and adj. Of, belonging to, or charac-
teristic of a dandy or dandies; of the nature of a
dandy ; affectedly neat, trim, or smart,
1813 Byron Let. to Moore 25 July, The season has closed
with a Dandy Ball. 1821 — ¥uazv. cxliii, Even a Dandy’s
dandiest chatter. 1824 Miss Mitrorp Vilage Ser. 1. (1863)
172 The stiff cravat, the pinched-in waist, the dandy-walk.
1848 THackeray Van. Fair |x, A dandy little hand in
a kid-glove. 1887 Jessopr Arcady 194 They .. had the
dandy youths taught how to ride.
Hence Da‘ndily adv., Da‘ndiness.
1834 Hraser’s Mag. 1X. 147 We were not so dandily
dressed. 1825 Sourney Let¢. (1856) III. 473 The first two
numbers .. displeased me as much by their dandiness as
’s does by its blackguardism.
Dandy, s/.* Also dandy-fever. [See DENGUE.]
The popular name in the West Indies of DeNcur
fever, on its first appearance there in 1827.
1828 STEDMAN in Eazn. Med. Frnl. XXX. 227 As it was
unknown to the faculty, the vulgar, as commonly happens,
gave it names of their own; and ridiculous as they may
sound, they soon became the only appellations of the new
malady. ‘The English negroes in St. Thomas called it the
Dandy Fever, while the French vulgar called it the Bouguet,
which again was corrupted into the Bucket, — tbid. 239
The contagion was supposed to be brought by a vessel from
the coast of Africa which touched at St. Thomas. 1830
Furtonce /did. XXXIII. 51 (¢7¢/e) A few remarks on the
Dandy which prevailed in the West Indies towards the close
of 1827 and beginning of 1828. 1869 E. A. Parkes Pract.
Hygiene (ed. 3) 573 ‘ Dandy fever’, or break-bone (Dengue),
has prevailed several times. 1880 Facc & Pye Smitu 7e2t-
bk. Med., The negroes called the new disease ‘ Dandy-fever’,
apparently in ridicule of the attitude and gait of the patient.
|| Dandy, dandi (de:ndi), 56.3 Anglo-Jnd.
Also dandee. [Hindi dandi, deriv. of dand, dand
staff, oar (Yule).]
1. A boatman of the Ganges.
1685 Hepces Diary 6 Jan. (Y.), Our Dandees (or Boat-
men) boyled their rice. 1763 W. Hastines in Long Select.
Rec. (1869) 347 (Y.) They. . plundered and seized the Dandies
and Mangies’ vessel. c¢18r3 Mrs. SHERwoop Ayah &
Lady ix. 51 To make sport for the dandies, and other
people inthe boat. 1867 SMytH Sailor's Word-bk., Dandies,
rowers of the budgerow boats on the Ganges.
2. (Dandz.) A S’aiva mendicant who carries a
small wand (F. Hall).
1832 H. H. Witson in Aszatic Res, XVII. 173 The
Davr'dt is distinguished by carrying a small da7#'d, or wand,
with several processes or projections. 1862 Brveripce Hist,
India 11, w. ii. 74 The Dandis, distinguished by carrying
a small dand or wand. f
3. ‘A kind of vehicle used in the Himalaya, con-
sisting of a strong cloth slung like a hammock to
a bamboo staff, and carried by two (or more) men
[dandy-wallahs|’ (Yule).
1870 C. F. Gorpvon Cummine in Gd. Words 135/1 As the
darkness closed in, my dandy-wallahs stumbled, so that
I had to give up the attempt to use the dandy, and struggle
on on foot. 1888 Zimes 2 July 5/2 Major Battye and
Captain Urmston joined the rear and placed the wounded
man in a dandy. :
Darndy-brush. [app. f. Danny sJ.!]_ A stiff
brush used in cleaning horses, made of split whale-
bone or vegetable fibre, as the stiff root fibres of
Chrysopogon Gryllus, the Venetian or French
Whisk. = aN
1 wnl. R. Agric. Soc. See ae bg en have every
pallts well brushed with what is called a dandy-brush
(being a brush made with whale-bone, for taking the rough
dirt off horses). 1879 Miss Brappon Vixen xxxii. 249 Poor
Bates.. brushed away more than one silent tear with the
back of the dandy-brush.
Dandy-cart. A kind of spring-cart, used by
milkmen, etc.
1861 Ramsay Remin. Ser. 11. 105 May be some 0’ ye wad be
sae kin’ as to gie me a cast out in a dandy-cart, 1892
Melbourne Age 31 Dec. 10/1 Advt., Milk dandy, good, high
wheels, half cost.
Dandy-cock, -hen: see Danpy! 5.
Dandy-fever: see Danpy 2,
4*
DANDY-HORSE.
-horse. A kind of veloci
early form of the
a bar between the two wheels, and propelled him-
self by pushing the ground with each foot alter-
nately. :
1819 J. Hopcson in J. Raine Men. (1857) I. 247 The
little boys about London are all getting dandy-horses, for
such seems at present the name of the Velocipede. 1892
Strand Mag. IV. (Evolution of Cycle) Mr. Dennis
ohnson..a coachmaker at 75 Long-acre took out a patent
for this dandy or hobby-horse in 1818.
Dandyish (de‘ndijif),¢. [f. Danpy1+-1sH.]
Somewhat characteristic of a dandy; foppish.
1826 Disraett Viv. Grey 1v. v, Pacing Bond Street..with
an air at once dandyish and heroical. 1883 F, H. Burnett
Through one Admin. l. vii. 70 His rather dandyish light
overcoat.
(deendijiz’m). [f. as prec. + -ISM.]
The character, style, or manners ofa dandy. _
1819 Blackw. Mag. 1V. 565 The affectation of Dandyism
on the part of some..of our day. 1883 V. Stuart Egypt
32 A house. .with some attempt at architectural dandyism.
Dandy-line. [Cf Danpy s0.1 4] A kind
of line used in herring fishing: see quot.
1882 Day Fishes Gt. Brit. 215 The ‘dandy-line’ is used in
herring fishery at Peterhead..A piece of lead about 14 lb.
in weight is attached to a line, which carries at short
intervals transverse pieces of whalebone or cane, having
unbaited hooks at either end. Herrings are such hungry
fish that they fly at the naked hooks, and are easily caught
in this manner.
Dandy-loom. A name given to a loom in-
vented by William Radcliffe and patented in 1805
by Thomas Johnson.
1823 Mech. Mag. 1. 45 A hand loom on anew construction
has been recently introduced which has received the appella-
e, an
bicycle, in which the rider sat on |
26
Daneg » -gelt (déingeld, -gelt). Eng.
Llist. so 4 Dangilde, 4-6 Danegilt, Dane
gilt, 5-7 Dane ghelte, Daneghelt, 6 Dane gelt,
7 Danageld, 7-9 Danegelt. [Corresponds to
ON. *Dana-giald, in ODa. Danegjeld, mod.Da.
Danegeld, f. Dana-, Dane- +, ald, Seles payment,
tribute, corr. to OE. gze/d, , geld, whence ME.
eld, ld, YELD. Cf. med.L. Danigeldum.]
An annual tax imposed at the end of the roth c.
or in the 11thc., originally (as is supposed) to
provide funds for the protection of England from
the Danes, and continued after the Norman Con-
quest as a land-tax.
The name is not known to occur in OE., and the actual
contemporary notices, beginning with Domesday, are
mainly of character. Bromton (14th c.) calls it ‘ talla-
gium datum Danis’, apparently identifying it with the ga/o/
or tribute paid to the Danes ingg1, and on two subsequent oc-
casions, to buy them off. In the so-called ‘ Laws of Eadweard’
(Schmid 496) it is described as an annual tax to hire mer-
cenaries to resist and put down pirates. This might identify
it with the Aeregy/d ‘army-tax’ levied by the Danish kings
to maintain their army and navy (see O.E. Chron. 1039-40),
and said to have been afterwards remitted by Edward the
Confessor. Mr. Freeman suggests (Norm. Cong. II. aoe
Q) ‘that Denageld was a opel name of dislike, originally
applied to the payments made to buy off the Danes, and
thence transferred to these other payments made to Danish
and other mercenary troops, from the time of Thurkill
| onwards’. The Danegeld was levied as a land-tax by the
tion of the Dandy Loom. 1878 A. Bartow Weaving 245
Radcliffe’s loom was long known as the ‘ Dandy loom’,
Da‘ndy-note. A document used in the
British Customs for giving the export officer par-
ticulars of the bonded goods delivered from a ware-
house for shipment at his station.
{The name is generally held, by those who have to do
with the matter, to be a corruption of Addenda note, these
documents being of the nature of addenda to the Pricking
Notes, used to advise the export officers of bonded goods
intended for shipment.]
Dandy-ro:ller. Also dandy-roll. Pafer-
making. A perforated roller for solidifying the
partly-formed web of paper, and for impressing the
water mark.
(Patented by John Wilks in 1830, No. 5934, but the
word does not occur in his specification.)
1839 Specif. Joynson's Patent No. 7977. 2 [The] said roller
is commonly known by the name of a dandy roller, a dancer,
or atop roller. case Ure Dict. Arts Ill. 491 The pulp..
receiving any desired marks by means of the dandy-roller.
1879 Print. Trades Frnl. xxv. 9 Dandy-roll..for pro-
ducing water-marks on writing papers.
Dandysette, -zette : see DANDIZETTE.
Dane (déin). [Corresponds to Da. Daner, ON.
Danir:—OTeut. Dani-z pl., Danes, L. Danz pl.
The OE. form was Dene pl. (with umlaut), which
would have given Dene in ME.: cf. OE. Dene-
mearc in 11th ¢., later Denmearc, Denmarc, in
ON. Danmirk (:—marku), Da. Dannemark, Dan-
mark, the Danish mark or country, Denmark.]
1. A native or subject of Denmark ; in older usage
including all the Northmen who invaded England
from the gth to the 11th c.
gor O. E. Chron., Butan 3am dzle be under Dena onwalde
Wes. at Jbid. an. 1018 (Laud MS.) And Dene and
Engle wurdon sam male zt Oxnaforda. a@ 1300 Cursor M.
24771 (Cott.) Harald. .pat born waso pe danis [v. 7. danas,
danes) blod. 1483 Cath. Angl. 9 A Dan, dacus, guidam
populus. 1596 SpPensER State red, Wks. (Globe) 642/2 The
others [hills] that are rounde were cast up by the Danes. . for
they are called Dane-rathes, thatis, hills of the Danes. 1602
Suaxs. Ham. v. ii. 352, | am more an Antike Roman than
a Dane. 1682 Evetyn Let. to Pepys 19 Sept., If euer there
were a real dominion [of the seas] in the world, the Danes
must be yielded to haue had it. 1863 Tennyson Welcome
to Alexandra, Saxon and Norman and Dane are we,
But all of us Danes in our welcome of thee.
2. Applied to a breed or breeds of dogs.
Great Dane (also simply Dane): a large, powerful, short-
haired breed of dog, between the mastiff and greyhound
types. Lesser Dang: the Dalmatian, or coach-dog.
{1750 Burron Hist. Nat. s.v. Chien, Le grand d
Norman kings; it disappears under that name after 1163,
but in fact continued caer the name of fad/age.
[99 O. E. Chron., On pam geare man gera@dde pet man
geald zrest gafol Deniscan mannum, for pam _mycclan
brogan pe hi worhtan be pam sz riman.] 1086 Domesday
Bk, (1816) 336 Stanford..dedit geldum T. R. E. pro. XII.
hundrez & dimidio. In exercitu & nauigio & in Danegeld.
1100-35 Charter to London in Stubbs Sel. Ch. i. 103
Et [cives] sint quieti de schot et de loth, de Danegildo et
de murdro. c¢ 1250 Gloss. Law Terms in Rel. Ant. 1. 33
Danegeld, Tailage de Danatis. ¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron,
(1810) 57 Edward him granted..pat neuer be Dangilde..
Suld be chalanged for man of Danes lond.
Gold. Leg. 324/2 An ayde was thenne cleped the dane
ghelte. 1577 Hotinsuep Chron. I. 239 an. 991 This
money was called Danegylt or Dane money, and was
levyed of the people. Although others take that to be
Danegylte, whiche was gyuen unto such Danes as king
Egelred afterwards reteyned in his service, to defende the
lande from other Danes and enimyes. 1644 MiLton A reof.
(Arb.) 73 Not he who takes up armes for cote and conduct,
and his four nobles of Danegelt. 1756 P.C. Wess Short
Acc. Danegeld 2 \t was called Danegeld as being originally
agreed to be paid to the Danes, and, like many other
things, continued to retain the name long after it became
appropriated to uses entirely different. 1873 Stusss Const.
Hist. 1. 105 It may be questioned whether any money
taxation properly so called ever existed before the imposi-
tion of Danegeld by Ethelred the Unready. /éid. I. 279
‘The Conqueror. .imposed the Danegeld anew. did. I. 462
The Danegeld from this very year 1163 ceases to appear as
a distinct item of account in the Pipe Rolls.
Dane-law (dénl5). Also 1 Dena lagu, 3
Denelaze, Dene lawe, 6 Dane lawe, 8 Dane-
lage, (-lege), 9 Dane-lagh. Latinized 2 Dene-
laga, 2-9 Danelaga. [OE. Dena /agu Danes’
law, of which Dane-/aw is a modern equivalent.]
1. The Danish law anciently in force over that
part of England which was occupied or held by
the Danes.
c 1050 Laws of Edw. & Guthr. 7 (Bosw.) Gylde lahslihte
inne on Dena lage and wite mid Englum. a 1135 Leges
Hen. 1, vi. 2 (Stubbs Sed, Chart. 1, 100) Legis etiam
Anglicae trina est partitio .. alia enim Westsexiae, alia
Mircena, alia Denelaga est. a 1300 Shires of Eng. inO.F.
Misc. 146 Pes .xxxij. schire syndon to delede on preo lawan,
On is west-sexene lawe, oper Dene lawe, pe prydde Mercena
lawe..To Dene lawe bilympep.xv.schire, 1576 LamparpE
Peramb, Kent (1826) p. xvi, The Dane lawe, West-Saxon
lawe, and Merchen lawe: The first of which was brought in
bythe Danes. 1765 BLackstonr Comm, (1830) I. Introd. 66
he Dane-Lage, or Danish law, the very name of which
speaks its original and composition.
2. Hence, The part of England over which this
law prevailed, eres the district north-east of
Watling Street, ceded by the Treaty of Wedmore,
878, or perhaps the Northunfbrian territory in
Danish occupation.
This use ap explicitly only in modern_historians
(chiefly under the barbarous forms Dane-/age, Dane-lagh,
which are neither Old nor modern English), though founded
1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. III. viii. 286 The Bull-dog, as
r. Buffon supposes, is a breed between the small Bane
and the English mastiff. The — Dane is the tallest dog
that is generally bred in England. ibid. - The great
Dane. 1800 Sypennam Epwarps Cynogr. Brit. s.v., A
beautiful variety, called the Harlequin Dane, has a finely
marbled coat. 1870 Brains Encycl. Rur. Sports 394 The
reat Dane is rather pied or patched than spotted ..
e lesser Dane dog, imatian, or coach dog. 1883
Great Dane Club Rules (Standard of Points), The Great
Dane is not so heavy as the Mastiff, nor should he too
nearly approach the Greyhound in type. 1891 7imes
28 Oct. 11/5 Great Danes have certainly become very popular
during the last few years.
3. attrib, or as adj, =DANISH.
1873 Stusss Const. Hist. 1. 199 The amalgamation of the
Dane and Angle population began from the moment of the
conversion.
Dane, obs. form of Dan 1, Dran.
Danebrog: see DANNEBROG.
on t ges, such as those of quots. 1050, 1300, in 1.
{In Icelandic ‘law’ had, according to Vig usson, the
sense ‘law-district’, ‘a/most as a local name’ in Gudapings-
lig, —* etc.]
1837 Penny Cycl. VIII. 299/2 The eastern part of England
retained long after the name of Danelagh, or Danish law.
1874 Green Short Hist, i. 50 The Danelagh, as the district
occupied by the Danes to be called. 1877 Freeman
Norm. Cong. (ed. 3) II. 663 Danes in the sense of being
inhabitants of the B . 3886 F. York Powe. /ist,
Eng. to 1509, 1. vi. 37 He [K. Eadmund] got the whole
Danelaw south of Humber into his hands.
+ Da‘ne-money. Ols. = DANEGELD.
1563-87 Foxe A. & M. me. I, 679/t Without paying of
any of imposition or ys
Da‘nes’-blood. [Of the same origin as Danz-
wort, q.v.] Alocal name for plants abundant on
sites noted for the slaughter of Danes.
a. The Danewort or Dwarf Elder. :
1607 CAMDEN Brit, 326 Ebulum enim quod sanguineis
1483 CAXTON |
DANGER.
baccis hic [at Bartlow] circumquaque copiose prouenit, non
alio nomine quam Danes-b/oud, id est Danicum sanguinem,
etiamnum jitant, ob multitudinem Danorum qui
ibidem i 1 me py Anc. Fun. Mon. Feed
Dane-wort, which, with -red berries, commeth
a they still call SD other lamees tha
oud, of the number of es that there were slaine.
By Ausrey Nat. Hist. Wilts (2847) 50 Danes-blood
(e ) about S| is plenty. re was hereto-
fore a great t with the Danes, which made the inhabi-
tants give it that name. Gardener's Chron. IV. 515.
(Note.—The berries of this it are not red, but black
or reddish black, ee | a violet dye].
b. Clustered Bell-flower, Campanula glomerata.
1861 Miss Pratt Flower, Pi. 111. 342 The author. .found
this clustered bell-flower [at Bartlow, Cambs.] largely
scattered about these mounds..and was told that it was
* Danes-blood ’.
c. The Pasque-flower, Anemone Pulsatilla.
So called in East Anglia, Essex, Cambs., Herts. (Britten
& Holland.)
Da-nes’-flower. oca/. =DANES’-BLOOD c.
bs Britten & Hottanp cite the name from Cam-
bridgeshire. ;
Daneweed (dénw/d). [See next.]
+a. A local name for Eryngium campestre. Obs.
b. =Danewort. (Prior Plant-n.)
1748 De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. U1. 416 (D.) Everythin
hernhouts is attributed to the Danes, because of the
rox, eat Daventry, which they suppose to have been
built by them. ‘The road hereabouts. . being overgrown with
Daneweed [Eryngium], they fansy it sprung from the blood
of the Danes slain in battle. 1 W. Stuxerey Mem.
(Surtees) III. 56 Much daneweed still grows upon the
Roman road in Castor fields.
Danewort (déinwzit). Forms: 6 danwoort,
danewurt, daine-, daynworte, 6-7 danwort
danewoort, 7- danewort. [f. Dane+ Wort,
in accordance with a popular notion that the plant
sprang up in places where Danes slaughtered
Englishmen or were slaughtered by them.]
A name for the Dwarf Elder, Sambucus Ebulus.
(The name is found in Turner 1538, but only the earlier
name Wallwort or Wellewort, OE. weadwyrt, is given in
Sinon. Barthol. of 14th c., and Aiphita c 1450; Rous also,
who died 1491, in relating the legend, has only the
name Walwort; so that the names Danewort, Daneweed,
Dane's blood, etc. can hardly have belonged to early
tradition. While suggested in part by the abundance of
the plant at certain spots historical =A or traditionally
associated with slaughter, there was also an element of
fanciful etymol in explaining the Latin name Abulus
from ebullire to bubble forth, with reference to the flowing
of blood. See also WALLwort.)
a 1491 J. Rossi [Rous] Hist. Reg. Angl.(1716) 105 Herbam
ebule, id est Walwort,..qux ex ebullitione san ‘inis
humani naturaliter originemtrahit. 1538 Turner Lidbed/us,
Danwort, chameacte. 1 — He 1, (1568) Ovja,
Walwurt..named in englyshe also danewurt..hath a spoky
or busshy top as elder hath. 1578 Lyte Dodoens um. xlv.
380 This herbe is called..in Englishe Walwort, Danewort,
and Bloodwort. 1640 Parkinson 77 . Bot, 210 It is
supposed it tooke the name Danewort from the strong
purging quality it hath, many times bringing them that
use it unto a fluxe, which then we say they are troubled
with the Danes. 186x Miss Pratr Flower. Pé. IIL. 131
Dwarf Elder, or Danewort..is..an herb and not a tree.
Dang, v. A euphemistic substitute for Damn.
1793-7 Spirit Pub. Frnis. (1799) 1. 146 (Kentish man
says] Dang me, if I sometimes know how to answer them.
180z R. A noenecs Cumbrid. Ballads, Barbary Beil,
‘Wey, dang it!’ says I, ‘but this is nit fair!’
Dickens Nich. Nick. ix,‘ Dang my boans and boddy if I
stan’ this ony longer’. 1884 J. Purves in Gd. Words May
330/2 ‘ Dang me if I can make out what they mean to be at’.
1 Mrs. Ranpotrn Mostly Fools 11. v. 142 ‘Danged
shady lot’. ee x
Dang, pa. t. of Dine z.; also its dial. equivalent
=to drive, push, knock, or dash.
1877 Holderness Gloss. Dang, to throw anything with
vehemency, or passion. 1878 Cumbrid. Gloss., Dang, to
push, to strike. 1887 Cheshire Gloss., Dang, to dash n
or about,
Danger (d7'-ndzaz), sb. Forms: 3-6 daunger,
4-5 daungere, dawnger(e, dangere, 5 daungeur,
dangeour, 5-6 daungeour(e, 6 daungier, daen-
gier, Sc. dangeir, -gier, -geare, denger, 4-
danger. [a. OF. — danger :—late L.
*dominiarium, deriv. dominium \ordship,
sovereignty, f. dominus lord, master. The sense-
development took place in OF.: see Godefroy.
For the @ cf. Dan 4 ;
+1. Power of a lord or master, jurisdiction,
dominion; power to dispose of, or to hurt or
harm; esp. in phr. in (a person's) danger,
within his power or at his mercy; sometimes
meaning sfec. in his debt, or under obligation to
him. Ods. or arch. postal PE od
a@ 1225 Ancr. R. 356, & polied ofte nger of swuche
oderwhule pet muhte beon ower prel. 9: Grovuc,
(Rolls) 1751 Pat he wolde hom al out bringe dau of
rome. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Prod, 663 In dawngere had he att
his owen gise The 3onge of pe diocise. 1440 J.
Sumiey Dethe K, Yames (1818) 19 ha oy nevyr
os jawnger.
re!
Ridley’
the kings of t iful and merciful’.
1596 Suaue. Merch. V. 1. i, 180 You stand within his
DANGER,
danger, do you not? 1603 Knoties Hist. Turks (1621)
408 He..having got him within his danger, cruelly put
him to death. #1679 Hosses Rihet. 1, xiti. (1681) 33 Per-
sons obnoxious to Injury are..Such as are in our danger.
1825 Scott Betrothed xxx, If the Constable were once
within his danger. nee
+b. Power (of a person, weapon, or missile) to
inflict physical injury; reach or range. Also fig.
1375 Barsour Bruce ut. 43 To withdraw ws..Till we
cum owt off thar daunger. 1523 Lp. Berners Fvviss. I.
clxii. 199 The archers shotte so holly togyder, that
none durst come in their dangers. 1576 Newton Lemnie’s
Coneplex. (1633) 39 Within the levill and danger of this
vice, are all they. 1602 Suaxs. Ham. 1. iii. 35 Keepe
within the reare of your Affection; Out of the shot and
danger of Desire. 1603 Knottes Hist. Turks (1621) 679
If he should show himself by troups within the danger of the
shot. 1618 Laruam 2nd Bk. Falconry (1633) 42 Your
Spaniels will hunt..so neere you and your Hawke, as they
shall neuer spring any thing out of her danger. 1676 Doctr.
of Devils 200 This draws the Birds into their Dangers. ;
+c. Power of another as it affects one under it;
a state of subjection, bondage, or captivity. Ods.
¢1350 Will. Palerne 4227 Boute daunger or duresse or any
despit elles. c1400 Destr. Troy 6584 Troilus was .. turnyt
furth louse, And don out of daunger for the due tyme. c 1420
Anturs of Arth. xxv, Thynke one be dawngere and the dole
pat Lin duelle[inhell]. 1526 Pilger. Pex/.(W. de W.1531) 4
Free from all captiuite and daunger. 1535 CovERDALE /sa.
Iviii. 6 Till .. thou lowse him out of bondage, that is in thy
daunger. ; i
+d. Liability (to loss, punishment, etc.). Zi
danger to or of: liable to. Obs.
1377 Lancu. P. PZ. B. x1. 206 For he pat is ones a thef
is euermore in daungere, And as lawe lyketh to lyue or to
deye. 1465 Paston Lett. No. 508 II. 200 Thei say that
I am sufficient to bere the hole daunger. 1526 ‘TINDALE
Pathw, Holy Scrip. Wks. 1. 9 The wretched man (that
knoweth himself to be..in danger to death and hell). 161
Brste Jatt. v. 22 In danger of the iudgment. 1689 Woop
Life Aug. 31 (Oxf. Hist. Soc) A Gent, threatned to bring
him into danger.
e. The phrase out of debt out of danger perth.
originally belonged here; but is now taken in
sense 4.
1730-6 in Batxey (folio), s.v. Debt. 1804 Mar. Epce-
wortH Pop. Tales, Out of Debt Out of Danger. i
+2. Difficulty (made or raised); hesitation, re-
luctance, chariness, stint, grudging; coyness. Zo
make danger [OF. faire dangier (de)]: to make
a difficulty (about doing anything). Ods.
c 1ag0 S. Eng. Leg. 1. 397/155 Sein eustas made gret
daunger & natheles ate nende to pe emperour..he gan
wende. 1375 Barsour Bruce v. 283 He but danger till
him gais. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Wife's Prol. 521 With danger
uttren we all our chaffare. c 1400 Rom. Rose 1147 Gold
and silver for to dispend Withouten lacking or daungere.
cr Hytton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) u. x, And our
lorde made fyrste daungeour by cause he was an alyene.
¢ 1g00 Melusine 219 They of Coloyne made grete daunger
to lete passe the oost thrughe the Cite at beydae: 1526
DataBer in Foxe A. & M. (1583) 1196, I made danger of it
a while at first: but afterwarde being perswaded te them
+-I promised to do as they wold haue me. .
+b. Untowardness; ungracious, uncompliant,
or fractious conduct. Ods.
@ 1300 Cursor M. (Cott.) 6299 Wit pair danger, sir moyses
[v.~. grucchynge on moyses], Oft pai did him haue malees,
¢1374 Cuaucer Axel. § Arc. 186 Hir daunger made him
ioe bowe and beende And as hir lyste made him tourne
and wende,
+38. A place where one is at the mercy of an
enemy ; a narrow pass; a strait. Obs.
1393 Gower Conf. III. 208 In the daunger of a pas,
Through which this tiraunt shulde pas She shope his power
to compas. cx440 Promp, Parv. 114 Daunger, or grete
[Pynson streyte] passage, arta via.
4. Liability or exposure to harm or injury; the
condition of being exposed to the chance of evil ;
risk, peril. (Directly from sense 1; see esp. 1 d.
Now the main sense.)
Mons | Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xiv. 352 There is dan-
eour by cause of the nyghte. @1533 Lp. Berners Huon
fexxii 253 Esclaramonde saw Huon her housebonde in
that daunger. x552 Bk. C. Prayer, C ion, So
is the daunger great, if we receyue the same vnworthely.
1620 SHELTON Quix. III. xli. 280 ’Tis ordinarily said that
Delay breeds Danger. 1789 A. Duncan Mariner's Chron.
(1805) IV, 44 The sea running immensely high, it brought
them ago into great danger. 1822 Hazuitr TZadde-z. I.
ix. 187 Danger is a good teacher, and makes apt scholars.
1874 Micktetuwaite Mod. Par. Churches 186 It is also
a source of danger to the building.
b. Const. (a) of that which is exposed to peril.
(Now vare or arch, exc. with life.) (0) of the evil
that threatens or impends. (Now the ordinary
const.) _‘{(c) Zo with zf. Obs.
c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xxii. 479 Elles they ben
in daungeur of their lives. “1555 EDEN Dickies Pref. to
Rdr. (Arb.) 5t The Moore.. a greate parte of
Spayne to no smaule daungeoure of the hole Christian
Empire. ¢1676 Lavy Cuawortu in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS.
Comm. App. v.32 Lord Mohun. .was four days in danger of
lyfe but now is upon recovery. 1726 Leont A dberti’s
Archit. U1. 105b, In gravel..there is no danger of finding
water. Mod. He goes in danger of his life, . 4
*490 Caxton. Eneydos vi. 29 In _dangeour of myserable
deth. 1690 Locke Govt. 11. xiv.§ 168 This. .wise Princes never
need come in the Danger of. x75 J. RicHarpson 7%.
Painting 128 There was no danger of that in Rafaélle, 1848
Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 373 They, lost their way..and
were in danger of having to pass the night on the plain,
_ 1580 Nort Plutarch, Theseus § 35 In danger to die, 161z
27
Biste Tyans?. Pref 1 Sure to be misconstrued, and in
danger to becondemned. 1695 Br. Patrick Comm, Gen. 293
It might have been in danger to have been neglected.
ce. spec. on Railways. Risk in a train’s proceed-
ing owing to an obstruction, etc. on the line; the
position of a signal indicating this.
1841 Committee on Railways Q. 467 You think it would
be desirable that on all railways red should indicate danger ?
1874 Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. XX XVIII. 149 A signal is said
to be ‘on’, when it is at danger. —
5. (with @ and Z/.) An instance or cause of
danger ; /. perils, risks.
1538 Starkey England 1. ii: 42 Ful of manyfold peryllys
and daungerys. 1568 Grarton Chron. II. 25 To commit
themselves unto the daungers of the sea. 1859 HeE.rs
friends in C. Ser. u. I. Addr. to Rdr. 3 Blind to the
dangers of their country. 1884 Times (Weekly Ed.) 5 Sept.
3/2 Twoterritorial questions. .unsettled..each of which was
a positive danger to the peace of Europe.
b. Naut. A submerged rock, or the like, causing
danger to vessels.
1699 Hacke Coll. Voy. iii. 59 “At three quarters Ebb, you
may see all the Dangers going in .. But I would not advise
any Man to go in till he has viewed the Harbour at low
Water. 1858 Merc. Marine Mag. V. 347 It appeared to
him to be a detached danger, 6 or g feet under the surface.
1875 Brprorp Sailor's Pock, Bk. v. (ed. 2) 137 Buoys
painted red and black are placed on detached dangers.
+6. Mischief, harm, damage. Ods.
¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 146 And he no daunger nor deire for pat
dede haue. 1530 Patscr. 212/1 Daunger on the see, xav-
JSraige. 1568 Grarton Chron. II. 277 Then the king of his
mere pity. .suffered them to passe through his hoste with-
out daunger. 1596 Suaks. Merch. V. iv. i. 38. 1601 —
Ful. C. u.i. 17 We put a Sting in him, That at his will
he may doe danger with. ,
+ 7. The lordship over a forest ; the rent paid in
acknowledgement of this (so OF. dangier), ‘In
the Forest-Law, a duty paid by the Tenants to the
Lord for leave to plough and sow in the time of
Pannage, or Mast-feeding ’ (Phillips 1706). Ods.
1693 Phil. Trans. XVII. 691 He ends this Treatise with
an Enumeration of the Quit-rents formerly paid out of the
Weald, as Gavel-swine, Scot-ale, Corredy, and Danger.
+8. To make danger: in 17th c. used in sense
of L. periculum facere, to make trial or experiment ;
to venture, ‘risk it’. Ods.
(Perhaps the phrase in 2 taken in a new sense.)
1618 FrercHer Legal Subj. 11. iv, Make danger, Trie
what they are, trie. 1621 — IWtld Goose Chase 1. ii, 1 shall
make danger. a1625 — Hum. Lieut. w. ii, Leon. Art
thou so valiant? Lzext. Not absolutely so neither—yet I’ll
make danger, Colonel. i
B. ?as adj. Dangerous, perilous. Ods. rare.
¢1470 Henry Wadlace vit. 202 We ar our ner, sic purpos
for to tak ; A danger chace thai mycht vpon ws mak.
C. Comd., usually attrib. (cf. sense 4), as danger-
board, -chuckle (see quot.), -flag, -whistle ; danger-
signal, a signal indicating danger; spec. on Rail-
ways, a signal (usually the extended arm of a
signal-post painted red, or a red light) indicating
an obstruction, etc. ahead; also danger-free,
-teaching adjs.
1891 Cycling 21 Feb. 86 The local centre is about to erect
a *danger-board on Maur Tor Hill. 1859 Darwin Ov7g.
Spec. vii. (1860) 192 If a hen gives the *danger-chuckle.
1862 A thenzunt 31 May 717 The *danger-flag held out to
warn their children off the road. 1640 SHIRLEY St, Patrick
Jor rel. v. iii, And make thy person “danger-free. 1848
Rep. Railway Commissioners App. 84 The pointsman had
not then turned the *danger signal. 1888 J. SHALLOW
Templars Trials 71 A danger-signal to Christendom. 1616
Lane Sgv’s 7. 120/47 Fames highe *daunger-teachinge
schoole. 1872 Ruskin Eagle's N. 61 The “danger-whistle
of the engines on the bridge.
+ Danger, v. Obs.
dangier, danger, DANGER.]
1. To render liable.
@ 1400-50 Alexander 1176 And all be trouage..Pat he to
Darius of dewe was dangird to paye. 1544 Hour Supplic.
(1871) 52 They be compelled to sell theyr landes. .or els to
daunger them selfe indette to many. 1633 T. Apams Ex.
2 Peterii. 1 If it [libel] be liked, they know the authors; if
it be dangered to penalty, it is none of theirs.
2. To bring into or expose to danger; to en-
danger, imperil, risk.
1470 [see DANGERING]. 1544 BALE Chron. Sir ¥. Oldcas-
telé in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) I. 247 They whyche .. haue
daungered theyr liues for a commonwelthe. 1579 LyLy
Euphues (Arb,) 133 The heedelesse practiser, which daun-
gereth the patient. x: Martowe Faw. II, v. iii, There-
fore, come ; dalliance dangereth our lives. 1606 Saks, Azt.
§ CZ.1. it 199. 1663 Pepys Diary x May, My stone-horse
was very troublesome, and begun to fight with other horses,
to the dangering him and myself.
b. (with zw) To run the risk ; to be in danger.
1672-3 Marve. Reh. Transp. I. 238 Should the Legis-
a persist .. he would danger to be left in the field very
single. :
3. ? To damage, harm, injure. (Cf. DANGER sé. 6.)
1538 Bate Goa’s Promises 1. in Hazl. Dodsley 1. 288 He
must needs but fall..And danger himself. 1591 Harincton
Orl. Fur. 1. ix, He would... bestow The damsell faire on him
that in that fight..should. .danger most the Pagans with his
might. 1614 MarkHAam Cheap Husb. wu. i. (1668) 86 The
dodder sheep is the best breeder, and his Issue never dan-
gereth the Dam in yeaning.
Hence Da‘ngered ///. a., Dangering vé/. sb.
[a. OF. dangerer, f.
a 50 [see 1]. c1470 Henry Wadlace vit. 547 It is
ms fete to do all that I can To fend our. k rk out
off dangeryng. ?c1600 Distracted Emp. 1. i. in Bullen
DANGEROUS.
O. Pi, III. 172 A long daungered seaman in a storme. 1612
. Taytor Comm. Titus iii. 2 To the present dangering and
drowning of both. 1645 QuarLes Sol, Recant. 34 Why
oot ag thy too much righteousnesse betray Thy danger’d
ife
+ Da‘ngerful, a. Ods. [f. Dancer sd. +-FUL.]
Full of danger, dangerous.
1548 [see DANGERFULLY]. 1607 WALKINGTON Of¢. Glasse
54 Much eating is also dangerful for this humour. 1622
Pracuam Compt. Gentl. viii. (1634) 67 The Atlanticke or
Western Ocean_is most rough and dangerfull. a1708
T. Warp Eng, Ref, 1. 172(D.) As Lion, Scorpion, Bear, and
Bull, And other things less dangerful.
Hence + Da‘ngerfully adv., dangerously.
1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke xi. 107, Certain
Jewes..whose solles y’ spirite of Satan did more daungier-
fully possesse,
Dangerless (déndzoiles), a. (and adv...
Now rave. [f. as prec.+-LESs.] Without danger ;
free from danger.
@1568 CoverDALE Carrying Christ’s Cross iii, We. .shall
be dangerles in such felicite and ioy. 158x Mutcaster
Positions xv.(1887) 69 For the better and more daungerlesse
performing therof. 1660 S. Fisner Rusticks Alarm Wks.
(1679) 379 One of his wonted Fits of dangerless fear. 1795
Soutuey Joan of Arc vit. 371 Nor dangerless To the Eng-
lish was the fight. 1882 WooLson Ave 361 It is the long
monotony of dangerless days that tries the spirit hardest.
b. as adv. Without danger ; + without damage
or harm (ods.).
€1440 Generydes 4567 For all that he skapid daungerles.
1602 Warner 1/5, Eng. x1. Ixvi. (1612) 281 Howbeit Bur-
rough did therein, not Dangerles, preuaile. 1633 L.
Roserts Prelim. V. to P. Fletcher's Purple Is?., Where
all may dangerlesse obtain. .cheapest, greatest gain.
Hence Da‘ngerlessness, freedom from danger.
1818 Coreripce in Kem. (1836) 1. 133 The dangerlessness
—70 axivduvor.
Dangerous (déindgaras), a. Also 3, 6 dan-
gerus, (3 dauncherous), 4-6 daungerous, (5
dawngerowse, 5-6 daungerouse. [a. AF. dan-
serous = OF. dangeros, -eus, mod.¥. dangereux, f.
danger: see -OUS.]
+1. Difficult or awkward to deal with ; haughty,
arrogant ; rigorous, hard, severe: the opposite of
affable. Obs.
ai2zz5 Aucr. R. 108 Heo is a grucchild, & ful itowen,
dangerus, & erued for te paien. c1zgo S. Eng. Leg. I
280/83 Pe pope makede him dauncherous and nolde ensenti
ber-to. ¢1386 Cuaucer Prod. 517 He was to synful man
nought despitous Ne of his speche daungerous ne digne.
¢1400 Kom, Rose 591 And she to me was nought unmeke,
Ne of hir answer daungerous. /did. 1483 So fiers &
daungerous was he, That he nolde graunte hir askyng.
+b. Difficult to please; particular, ticklish ;
fastidious, nice, dainty, delicate. Ods.
¢1386 Cuaucer Jfelid. Prol. 21, I wol yow telle a litel
thing in prose, That oughte like yow..Or elles certes ye be
to daungerous. c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 1. cxx. (1869) 63
Of pi mete and of pi drink be pou neuere more daungerous.
What pou fyndest take it gladliche. 1568 E. Titney Disc.
Mariage Cijb, Daungerous, and circumspect in matters
touching his honesty. a@1568 Ascuam Scholewz. 1. (Arb.) 65
Great shippes require costlie tackling, and also afterward
dangerous gouernment. 1577 B.Gooce Heresbach’s Husb.
1. (1586) 31 The Oate is not daungerous in the choyse of his
grounde, but groweth lyke a good fellowe in every place.
+e. Reluctant to give, accede or comply; chary
of. Obs.
¢ 1386 CHaucer W7fe's Prol.514 For that he Was of his
loue daungerous tome. 14.. Pol. Rel. & L. Poents 155 lf she
be dawngerouse, I will hyr pray. 1494 FAsyan Chron. clv.
144 And requyryd hym of his comforte and ayde, wherof
he was not daungerous. 1556 Rosinson tr. A/ore’s Utopia
(Arb.) 166 As myne I am nothinge daungerous to imparte,
So better to receaue I amreadie. 1598 W. Puituips Lins-
choten (1864) 200 They are so dangerous of eating and
drinking with other men which are not their Countrimen.
2. Fraught with danger or risk; causing or
occasioning danger; perilous, hazardous, risky,
unsafe. (The current sense.)
1490 Caxton Exeydos xxi. 78 Atte this tyme whiche is so
daungerouse. 1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII, c. 19 Some houses
be .. redy to fal downe, and therfore dangerus to passe by.
1577 B. Goocr Heresbach’s Husb. 1. (1586) 40 b, Delay herein
is daungerous. 1599 Sanpys Luvopzx Spec. (1632) 148 The
daungeroust enemie Spaine had in the world. 1670 M1Lton
Hist. Eng... Wks. (1847) 516 They who pray against us. .
are our dangerousest Enemies. 1748 SMotteTt X. Rand. xii
His wife ..seeing her husband in these dangerous circum-
stances, uttered a dreadful scream. 1779-81 Jonson L. P.,
Milton Wks. II. 142 To be of no church is dangerous. 1859
He ps Friends in C, Ser. 1. 1. ii. 131 In most of the European
nations there are dangerous classes, dangerous, because un-
cared for and uneducated. 1893 Sir J. W. Cutty in Law
Times Rep. UXVIII. 430/1 A most dangerous doctrine.
+ 3.- Ready to run into or meet danger ; venture-
some. Ods. rare.
1611 Tourneur Ath. Tvag. ww. ii, And I doubt his life,
His spirit is so boldly dangerous. 1642 [see DanceErousty 3].
In danger, as from illness; dangerously ill.
Now dial. and U.S. collog.
@1616 Beaum. & Fi. Bonduca w. iii, Reg. Sure His
mind is dangerous. Drus. The gods cure it! 1619
FLetcHer J. Thomas u.i, Which will as well restore To
health again the affected body. . As leave it dangerous. 1620
Metron Astrolog.14 A Spirit that will fright any disease
from the most dangerous and ouer-spent Patient. a 182
Forsy Voc. E, Anglia, Dangerous, endangered. ‘Mr. Smit
is sadly-badly; quite dangerous.’ x Barnes Dorset
Gloss., Dangerous in danger. 1 vead-Wwi) 5s (U.S.
244 He’s dangerous; they don’t think he’Il ie
: -3
DANGEROUSLY.
+5. Hurtful, injurious. Ods. (Cf. Dancer sé. 6.)
1 Hatter Chron. 17 b, The encounter was sharpe, the
agit was dangerous. 1576 Freminc Panopfl. Epist. 400
‘wo
vices, very daungerous and noysome among men.
+6. as adv. D ously, Obs. rare.
1593 Saks. 3 //en. VJ, 1. i. 11 Either slaine or wounded
dangerous.
Dangero (déindgarasli), adv. [f. prec.
+-LY¥%.] In a dangerous manner.
+1. With reserve ; shyly; charily. Ods.
@18§77 Gascoicne Fable of Jeronimi, 1..alwayes danger-
ouslye behaued my selfe towards him. 1647 CLARENDON
Hist. Reb. vu. (1703) I. He was so sottishly and dan-
gerpasly wary of te own Security .. that he would not pro-
ceed.
2. In a way involving danger or risk ; perilously.
c1540 Hour P. P. in Hazl. Dodsley1. 372 To die so dan-
gerously, For her soul-health especi if. 1603 KNoLies
Hist. Turkes (1638) 101 Hee fell dangerously sicke. 1766
Gotpsm. Vic. W. xxxi, One of my servants been
wounded dangerously. 1860 TyNDALL Glaciers 1. § 11. 78
The slope . Was most dangerously steep.
+3. Venturesomely. (Cf. prec. 3.) Ods. rare.
1642 Mitton Afol. Smect. (1851) 293 A Satyr .. ought..
to strike high, and adventure dangerously at the most
eminent vices among the greatest persons.
erousness (déindzarasnés). [f. as prec.
+-NESS.] The quality of being dangerous.
+1. Chariness, grudgingness. Ods.
1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par. Mark vi. 49 a, It came not
of any daungerousnes, or difficultie on his behalf.
2. Perilousness.
1530 Patscr. 212/1 Dangerousnesse, dangerevseté, dangier.
1602 Carew Cornwall 1b, The dangerousnesse of the
passages laid them open to priuie inuasions. 1736 Carte
Ormonde 1. 99 The ill circumstances of his lady's health
and the dangerousness of her condition. 1881 J. Simon in
Nature No. 616. 372 Experiments which illustrated the
dangerousness of sewage-polluted water-supplies.
Dangersome (dé-ndzaisim), a. Obs. exc. dial.
[f. DANGER sé.+-SOME.] Fraught with danger.
1567 Martet Gr. Forest 96 The sluggish owle hath bene
to man Most often daungersome. 1651 Relig. Wotton. 8
The dangersome marks. 1885 Century Mag. XXIX. 549/1
ae to run in daylight without it being dangersome for
im. ,
Dangle (de'ng’l), v. [Appears at end of 16th c.;
corresponds to Da. dangle, Norw. and Sw. dial.
dangla, North Fris. dangeln, ablaut-derivs, of Da.
dingle, Norw., Sw., Icel. dingla to dangle. In
form these seem to belong to the stem ding-, dang-
(Dine v.), but the connexion of sense is not clear.]
1. intr. To hang loosely swaying to and fro.
cr Sir T. More (Shaks. Soc. 1844) 46 How long Hath
this shagg fleece hung dangling on thy head ? i658 Yonc
Diana 228 Her disshiueled hair..in curled lockes hung
dangling about her snow-white forehead. 1633 P. FLetcuer
Pisc. Ecl. 1. vi, Our thinne nets dangling in the winde.
1678 Norris Misc. (1699) 37 Ripe Acoles now hang dang-
ling on the Tree. 1782 Cowrer Gilpin 132 For all might
see the bottle-necks Still dangling at his waist. 1877
Biack Green Past. xxxvi, Mr. Bolitho was seated on a
table, his legs dangling in the air.
b. To hang from the gallows; to be hanged.
1678 Butter Hud. ut. i. 641 And men [have] as often
dangled for't, And yet will never leave the sport. 1748
Smotcett Rod. Rand. xxx, Let the rascal be carried back
to his confinement. I find he must dangle. 1841 James
Brigand xxxviii, Set him dangling from the battlements.
2. trans. To make (a thing) hang and sway to
and fro; to hold or carry (it) suspended loosely.
1612 Two Noble K.1.ii.57 What canon is there That does
command my rapier from my hip, To dangle 't in my hand?
1748 Smottett Kod. Rand. xiv, 1 .. dangled my cane
and adjusted my sword knot. 1808 Scotr Marm. vy. xii,
The bridegroom stood dangling his bonnet and plume.
1873 Symonps Grk. Poets x. 314 Lazy fishermen. .dangling
their rods like figures in Pompeian frescoes.
b. fig. To keep (hopes, anticipations, etc.)
hanging uncertainly before ay one. .
1863 Kinciake Crimea (1877) Il. ii, 31 The mighty
temptation which seemed to be dangled before him. 1871
Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) IV. xviii. 193 The hopes of
a royal marriage were again dangled before the eyes of
Eadwine.
ec. To hang (any one) on a gallows.
1887 W. C. Russet, Frozen Pirate 11. iv. 92 This is
evidence to dangle even an honester man than you,
3. fig. (intr.) To hang after or about any one,
especially as a loosely attached follower ; to follow
in a dallying way, without being a formally recog-
nized attendant.
1607 Dexker Sir 7. Wyatt Wks. 1873 III. 115 Wyat..
rising thus in armes, with the Kentish men dangling at his
taile. ay Swirt Past, Dial, Marble Hill §& Richmond
Lodge, Plump poner Gay will now elope; And here no
more will dangle Pope. 3734 Fiecpinc Univ. Gallant 1,
Pray take her, I dangled:after her long enough too. 1760
Foote Minor 1. Wks. 1799 I. 232 The sleek. .'prentice us'd
to dangle after his mistress, with the great Bible under his
arm. @ 1859 Macautay Hist. Eng. V. 5 Heirs of noble
houses. .dangling after aci 1862 Rrenvace Rom.
Emp. (1865) Tv. xxxvii. 271 The exquisites of the day were
men w gled in the train of ladies.
+b. To stroll idly, or with lounging steps: cf.
1607, 1760 above. Oés.
1 Learning at a Loss 11. 76 They quit or, to use
Rad own expression, dangled ele the Fi
4. trans. To lead about in one’s train, or as an
appendage.
28
1723 Gay Distressed Wife u, 1 am not to be dangled |
bout and wh Lat sp Moved busii calls him.
about wh
5. To while or cause to pass in aa
r Bouincsroxe in Swift's Lett. (1766) Il. 77 The |
noble ion of dangling away life in an ante-chamber.
6. Comb. (of the verb stem) dangle-berry, Blue
Tangle, Gaylussacia a, an American shrub,
N.O. Vacciniacew ; dangle-jack (see quot.).
188x Leicestersh. Gloss., Dangle-jack, the primitive
roasting-jack, generally a stout bit of worsted with a hook
at the end, turned by giving it a twist from time to time
with the fingers.
[f. DaneLe v.] Act or
Dangle, s%. rare.
manner of dangling ; something that dangles.
1786 Connoisseur No. 122 Seeming ravished with the gen-
teel dangle of his sword-knot. 1888 O. Crawrurp Sywia
Arden ii. 21 He lay there in a swound till they got him up
the ladder, with just a dangle of life in him. ;
sngle, a. rare. [f. Danciev.] Dangling.
* 1600 1. Pory tr. Leo's Africa u. 341 A tame beast..
having long and dangle eares. 1889 BRAITHWAITE rigs #3
Med. C. 241 In many cases the leg is a mere ‘dangle limb’
of no service whatever.
Da‘ngled, ///. a. [f. Dancuev.+-ED.] Hung
dangling, or furnished with dangling appendages.
1593 Nase Christ's 7. (1613) 148 For thy flaring frounzed
Periwigs, lowe dangled downe with loue-lockes, shalt thou
haue thy head side, dangled downe with more Snakes than
ever it had hayres. a@ 1688 Vittiers (Dk. Buckhm.) Poems
(1775) 141 Nor is it wit that makes the lawyer prize His |
dangled gown: 'tis knavery in disguise.
lement (de‘ng’lment). [f. Dance v.
+-MENT.] 1. Dangling.
1834 Becxrorp /taly II. 75 He..passes the flower of his
days in this singular species of danglement. 1849 Lytton
Caxtons Vili, The. . suspension and danglement of any pud-
dings whatsoever right over his ingle-nook. :
2. concr. ( pl.) Dangling appendages. dial.
1855 Ropinson Whithy Gloss., Danglements, tassels and
such like appendants, :
Dangler (de‘nglar). [f. as prec. + -ER }.]
1. One who dangles ; one who hangs or hovers
about a woman ; a dallying follower.
1727 Fiecpinc Love in Sev. Masg. Wks. 1775 1. 37 The
dangler after a woman. 17 Baitey (folio), Dangler, so
the Women in Contempt call a Man, who is always hang-
ing after them, but never puts the Question home. 1
Map. D'Arsiay Early Diary 10 Jan., ‘You see’, she
cried, ‘what a herd of danglers flutter around you.’ 1828
Cartyte Misc. (1857) 1. 228 Fashionable danglers after
literature. 1882 Besant Ad/Z Sorts xix. 139 Dick Coppin
was not..a dangler after girls’ apron-strings.
2. A dangling appendage or part.
1731-7 Mitter Gard. Dict. ae s. v. Vitis, You must
go over the Vines again. . rubbing off all Danglers, as before,
and training in the leading Shoots. 1870 Miss BrouGHTon
Ked as Rose iv, The long red pendant to his [a turkey-
cock's] nose: I confess to being ignorant as to what function
that long flabby dangler has to fulfil.
Dangling (degli), v4/. 5. [-1NG!.] The
action of the verb DANGLE, q.v.; tconcr. (f/.)
dangling appendages.
1611 Corcr., Pendiloches, jags, danglings, or things that
hang danglingly. 1650 Futter Pisgah ww. vi. 100 To pre-
vent the dangling down and dagling of so long garments.
1678 Butier //ud. 1. ii. 202 The Royalists..To leave off
Loyalty and Dangling. 1855 Smepiey H. Coverdale i. 5
I've given up flirting and dangling.
Dangling, ppl.a. [-1NG?.] That dangles,
1593. Suaks. Rich. //, ut. iv. 29 Goe binde thou v;
dangling Apricocks. 1635 Quartes Emélems 1. Invoc.,
Cast off these dangling plummets. 1750 Mrs. DeLany Life
& Corr. (1861) II. 602, I am very happy that I have no
dangling neighbours. 1856 Mrs. Browninc Aur. Leigh
ut. 767 Thin dangling locks.
Hence Da‘nglingly adv.
16x11 Cotcr., Pendiller, to hang danglingly, loosely, or
but by halves.
+Darnic, a. Obs. [ad. med.L. Danic-us, f.
Dania Denmark.] = Danisu.
1613-8 Danie Coll. Hist. Eng. 12 During this Danicq
warre. 1692 Ray Dissol. World u1. v. (1732) 363 In the
Baltick Danick and Holland shores. <
Hence Da‘nicism, a Danish idiom or expression.
1881 F. York Powewt in Encycl. Brit. X11. 628 The
i (of Iceland} with D k began to leave its
mark in loan-words and Danicisms,
(déinif),a.and sd. In OE. Denise; 3-4
Denshe, Dench, Danshe; 6 Sc. Dence, Dens,
Densch. Also ME. Danais, Danoys, and 6-7
Dansk, q.v. [OE: Denisc:—OTeut. *danisk-,
whence ON. Danskr,f. Dani-, Dene, Danes + -ISH.
Thence ME. Densh, etc. In Danish, the vowel is
changed asin Dang. The ME. Danas was immed.
from OF. daneis, danoys (:—L. Danénsis) ; and the
late Dansk directly from Danish.]
Of or belonging to the Danes and to Denmarks.
subst. The language of Denmark. Danish axva
kind of battle-ax with very long blade, and usually
without a spike on the back. Danish dog: see
Dane. Danish embroidery: see quot. 1882.
| dikk (:-danku-) pit, pool. These must evident
yond |
, | ON. dékkr dark, Ger. dunkel. There is no be ray con-
DANK.
end: Ki w.
Siri sim Desh on. rt to eal BOI
1545 Aberdeen Reg. aed) (JJam.) Ane densh aix. a 1578
& Godly Ball, (x Inglis prelatis, Duche and
Dence For thair abuse ar rane eer Pais Suaxs. Ham.
1v. iv, 1 Go the i i
sone nove, ‘Sabiios te pines Danish dog ..The
astiff .. tran: into
Danish dog. Scorr Note in
Densaixes, A Danish axe was the
axe; and from the Danes the Isles-men got them, 1870
bre a RY 2. 394 Se oe con-
Sit as the est dog known; it be
more correct to callit thetallest. 1882 Cayuse & Sawarp
Dict. Needlework, Danish Embroidery, this is an embroi-
dery on cambric, lin, or bati prey itable for hand-
kerchief borders, necktie ends, and lappets.. [Also] a
variety of the work only useful for filling in spaces left in
Crochet, Tatting, and Embroidery.
+8. Danais, Danoys.
a 1300 Cursor M. 24796 (Cott.) To spek a-bute sum pais,
bituix him and pe danais. c 1450 Merlin 42 The Danoys,
a Mgr 4 hadde broug ht in to aad ae 1480 a
von. ~ xci. yn t tl was a ,
helde the countre of norfolk and southfolk. Pall
Hence Da‘nishry Ods. exc. Hist. [cf. Zrishry,
etc.], the people of Danish race (in Britain).
c 1470 Harpinc Chron. cv. x, Where Alurede had the
victorie, And slewe that daye al the Danyshrye. /did.
cxtx. xiii, A duke of the Danishrie. 1857 p meine Mag.
LVI. 27 The Danishry rose en masse.
Danisk: see Dansk.
Danism! (dé-niz’m). [f. Dane + -ism] A
Danish idiom or expression, a Danicism.
1886 Encycl. Brit. XX1. 369/2 Many Danisms and a few
Suecisms were imported into the language [of Norway].
+Danism *. Ofs.—° [ad. Gr. davecpés money-
lending, davearns, L. danista money - lender,
daveicrixds, L. danisticus usurious.] Money-lending
on usury. So Da‘nist, Dani'stic a.
1623 CockeraM, Danisme, Vsurie. Danist, a vsurer.
1656 in Biounr Glossogr. [who adds) Danistick, pertaining
to aay 5 1692 in CoLes. 1775 in AsH. 1848 WHarton Law
Lex., Danism, the act of lending money on usury.
+ , sb. Obs. Forms: see adj. [app. f.
Dank a.] 1. Wetness, humidity, damp.
Ya 1400 Morte Arth. 3751 One be danke of be dewe
many dede lyggys. 1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. Prol.,
The rawish danke of clumzie winter ramps The fluent
summers raine. [Cf. CLumsy.]
2. A wet place, pool, marsh, mere.
1513 Dovcias 2neis vu. Prol. 60 Bedovin in donkis
deyp was every syk. 1560 Rotitanp Crt. Venus 1. 2 Eolus
out ouir thir rokkis rang, Be donk and daill. 1667 Mitton
P. L. vu. 441 Yet oft they quit The Dank, and rising on
stiff Pennons, towre The mid Aereal Skie.
Dank (deyk),. a. Forms: 5 dannke, 5-7
danke, 6 dancke, 6- dank; also 6 donk, 7
donke, 8-9 dia/. donk. [The adj. and sb. are
known from ¢1400, the vb. (which we should
expect to be formed from the adj.) appears nearly
a century earlier ; the early quots. for both vb. and
adj. refer to dew. The etymology is uncertain.
only words allied in form, and possibly in are
Swedish dané ‘moist place in a field, marshy spot’, Icel.
be sepa-
rmanic stem dink-, dank-, dunk-, whence
rated from the
nexion, either of form or sense,
but in recent times damp has
and largely taken its place.)
+1. Wet, watery, wetting: a. said of dew, rain,
clouds, water, etc. Ods.
dan: damp,
acquired the sense of dank
dewe pat es dannke, whene
lestr. Troy 2368 Dropis as
donk. 1549 Compl. Scot. vi. 38
ot befor
1601
moisture of the a <
b. said of marshes, fens, soaking ground, humid
tropical forests, and the like.
if Mitton P. ZL. 1x. 179 Through each Thicket
or ngs PR Somervitte Chase 1. 340 O'er the dank
7 Hill, and sandy Plain. 1799 Scotland
described (ed. 2) 14 A pool in midst of a wide, dead,
and dank Sir
morass. F. Parcrave Norm. & Eng.
I. 163 On the dank marshy shores of the oozy Yare. 1857
3. Osporn Quedah xxiv, 351 In those dank and hot forests
Ss.
2. Damp J svea the ee - this is an
injurious or disagreeable quality. a. of fog, vapour,
ther Despatt ¢ Kath: ¥. 50 thn saute
. iw
and danke: T shall take yaw rer Des Fleece . is
Dank or frosty days. 1784 Cowrer 7 ask 1. Vapours,
dank and clammy. do Geer Table-t. xiv.
Boe ee Stank, ol ee all
NDALL Glac. 1. v. 41 Dull fog the valley.
833 O.E. Chron., Pa Di ahton sewald. In this sanee app. Ote.after 3650; enc. in Sealine Gialact ;
845 /bid. (Hi) hton xt Pedrid pan wib Deni i writers in end of 18th c.
here. 1a97 R. Grove. (1724) 299 Atte laste myd a denchax X chaek, aa a
me smot hym to le, ¢1300 Havelok 1403 Mi fader | q rot. — Sa. vs
was king of denshe lond. ae Oe eae sound On the and durty Bacon
A danisax [ed. damsax) he bar on his hond. ¢ S § 38 In a Cellar or room. 1642 RocErs
& Gr. Knt. 2223 A felle A denez ax nwe di laaman at Oh thet cue Pome eS sieht
1398 Trevisa Barth, de P. R. xv. Ixi. (1495) 510 Frisia .. Grose Prov. Gloss., Donk, a little wettish, damp. N[
DANK.
1813 Scort Rokeby u. ix, The dank and sable earth receives
Its only carpet from the leaves. x Rosinson Whitby
Gloss.,* As donk asa dungeon.’ 1876 Humpureys Coin-Coll.
Man. xxvi. 400 Pages of vellum that served as knee-rests
to the monks on the dank stone pavements.
3. In 19th c., often said of rank grass or weeds
growing in damp places. ([perh. associated with
rank]
1820 SHELLEY Sexsit. Plant i111. 55 And thistles, and nettles,
and darnels rank, And the dock, and henbane, and hemlock
dank. 1827 Kesie Chr. VY. 1st Sunday after Trin., Here
over shatter’d walls dank weeds are growing. 1863 Gro.
Euiot Romola 1. xviii, That dank luxuriance [of the
garden] had begun to penetrate even within the walls of
the..room.
Dank (deyk), v. Ods. exc. dial. Forms: 4-5
donk(e, 5 downk(e, 5-6 danke, 6 dounk, 7-
dank, 9 da/, donk. [See Dank a.]
+1. ¢rans. To wet, damp, moisten; originally
said of dew, mist, drizzling rain, etc. Ods.
@ 1310 in Wright Lyvic P. xiii. 44 Deowes donketh the
dounes. ¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 7997 The droupes, as a dew,
dankit his fas. Jézd. 9639 A _myste..All donkyt the dales
with the dym showris. 1552 Lynpresay A/onarche 6309 The
dew now dounkis the rossis redolent. 1634 W. Woop New
a Prosp. u. vii, The water having dank't his pistoles.
. fig. To damp (the spirits or aspirations) ; to
depress. Still dad.
1sss_ Asp. Parker Ps. viii. Ij b, Thy foes to blanke:
their threates to danke. a 1575 — Corr. 237, 1 am... not
amazed nor danked. 1864 Bamrorp Homely Rhymes 135
(Lance. Gloss.) Put th’ Kurn-bill i’ the divel’s hous ’At it no
moor may dank us.
+ 2. intr. To become damp. Ods.
1590 Sir J. SmytH Disc. Weapons 21 The ayre of some
moyst weather hath. .caused the powder to give and danke.
b. To be a fine rain or mist; to drizzle. dal.
1866 Gentl. Mag. I. 546 They have a peculiar expression
in Lancashire, to convey the description of a hazy showery
day: ‘it donkes and it dozzles’, 1869 Lonsdale Gloss. s.v.,
*It donks and it dozzles’=It damps and drizzles.
Hence Da‘nking v0/. sd. and ffl. a.
c¢1340 Gaw. §& Gr. Kut. 519 When be donkande dewe
dropez of the leuez. ?a1400 Morte Arth. 3248 Was thare
no downkynge of dewe that oghte dere scholde.
D h (de'nkif), a. [f. Dank sd. and a.]
+1. =Dank a.: wet, humid. Ods.
1545 RayNoLtp Byrth Mankynde _w. ii. (1634) 187 The
earth may be ouer waterish, dankish, or ouerhot and dry.
1545 AscHam Toxoph. u. (Arb.) 118 Take heed also of
mistie and dankyshe dayes. 1590 SHaxs. Com. Err. v. i.
247 In a darke and dankish vault at home, There left me and
my man. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 696 The Moath breedeth
upon Cloth..Especially if..laid up dankish and wet. 1644
YE Gunnery 1. (1647) 13 You must suffer the said water
to settle..and congeal in a dankish room.
2. Somewhat dank; inclined to be wet or moist.
1727 Baitey vol. II, Dankish, a little Moist or Wet.
1886 Pall Mall G. 21 July 6/1 Butts and tubs. .stood close
packed and cumbersome upon its dankish floor.
Hence Da‘nkishness, dankish quality, humidity.
1576 T. Newton Lemnie’s Complex. u. 112a, A fustie
dankishnesse .. vnder the skin. x6xx CotGr., Relant,
mustinesse, fustinesse, ranknesse, dankishnesse. 1630 in
J. S. Burn Hist. Parish Reg. Eng. (1862) 68 This place is
very much subject to dankishness. 1727 Batzey vol. II,
Dankishness, moistness.
nkly (deykli), adv.
In a dank or humid manner.
1818 Suettey Rev. /slam vi. 4 The dew is rising dankly
from the dell. 1870 Miss Broucuton Red as a Rose xxvii,
Upon the broken headstones the lichens flourish dankly.
Dankness (de‘nknés). [f. Dank a. + -NESS.]
The quality of being dank ; humidity, dampness.
160r Hotianp Pliny II. 476 The naturall moisture afd
dankenesse that commeth from thence. 1651 tr. Bacon's Life
& Death 5 'To save them from the Dankness of the Vault.
Da: (deenki), a. Also dal. donkey, -ky.
[f. Dank +-y1.] Somewhat dank, dampish.
1796 W. MarsHatt Midl. Counties Gloss., Donkey,
dampish, dank. 1820 Morr in Blackw. Mag. VIII. 176 The
sward is dim with moss and danky weeds. 82x /bid. 1X.
271 The owl sends forth her whoop from danky vaults.
Lonsdale Gl., Donky, damp, moist, humid: ‘a donky day’.
Dann, obs. form of Dan],
|| Dannebrog (de'nébrpg). Also Dane-. [Da.
pa dy 3 f, Danne-, Dane-, Danish + brog sup-
p to be ODa. drag, breech, cloth,] The Danish
national flag; hence, a Danish order of knighthood,
founded in 1219, revived in 1671, and regulated by
various later statutes; it is sometimes bestowed
upon foreigners.
1708 Lond. Gaz. No. 4434/2 His Majesty conferred. .three
[f Dank a. + -Ly 2.]
white Ribbons, the Order of Dannebrog on Monsieur _
Plessen [etc.]. 1714 Jéid, No. 5269/2 His. .Majesty..made
a Promotion of seven Knights of the Order of Dannebrog.
1837 Penny Cycl. VIII. 401/2 The orders of knighthood are
the order of the Elephant..the Danebrog order, founded in
1219, and now bestowed for eminent services,
Dannemorite (de'némorsit). Mix. [Named
from Dannemora in Sweden, where found: see
-1rE.] A variety of hornblende.
1857 Amer. Frnl. Sc. Ser. u. XXIV. 120 A columnar or
fibrous mineral. .named Dannemorite. :
Danner, var. of DANDER v. S¢., to saunter.
Da‘nnocks, sé. £/. local. [Forby prefers the form
darnocks, and says it is a corruption of Dorneck,
Dornick, Flemish name of Zournai.] (See quots.)
a1825 Forsy Voc. E. Anglia, Darnocks, Dannocks,
29
hedger’s gloves. 1854 WV. § Q. 1st Ser. IX. 273/1 Gloves
made of Whit-leather (untanned leather) and used by work-
men in cutting and trimming fences are called in this part
of Norfolk dannocks. 1883 Beck Glover 233 The dannocks,
or hedging gloves of labourers in our time.
|| Damseuse (daisoz). [Fr., fem. of danseur
dancer.] A female dancer, a ballet-dancer.
1845 Athen#um 8 Mar. 236 A danseuse to whose notice
he had been recommended. 1878 H. S. Epwarps in Grove
Dict. Mus, 1. 131 Three other danseuses and a befitting
number of male dancers. y
+ Dansk, a. (sd.) Obs. Also6 Danisk. [a. Da.,
Sw., Icel. Dansk: see DANISH. Spenser’s Danish
unites Dansk and Danish.] =DANisH.
1569 Wills § Inv. N.C. (Surtees) 301 A danske chiste that
was his sisters. 1596 SpeNsER J, Q. Iv. x. 31 On her head
a crowne She wore, much like unto a Danisk hood. 1610
Marxuam Masterp. u. xcvii. 387 Our English [Iron] is
best, the Spanish next, and the Danske worst.
b. sé. Denmark.
1568 Turner Herbal 1. 5 The rootes are now condited in
Danske.
|| Da*nsker. Ods. [Da. Dansker Dane, f. Dansk
Danish.] A Dane.
1602 Suaks, Hamz.u.i. 7 Enquire me first what Danskers
are in Paris.
+ Dant 1. Ods. [Cf. obs. Du. dante ‘ ambubaia,
mulier ignaya’.] ‘A profligate woman’ (Halliwell).
@ 1529 SKELTON Elynor Rummt. 515 In came another dant
She had a wide wesant.
Dant ?. 0s. or Joca/, [Derivation unknown :
perh. more than one word.] (See quots.)
1688 R. Horme Armoury u. 24/1 Dants or Sulphury
Damps..all proceed from dry and hot slimy Vapours, /éc.
ut. 97/1 Down, is the Dant, or pure soft airy Feathers
which have no Quills. /ééd. 111. 316/1 The Bolted Meal
was put to fall into the Wheel. .and the pure Dant, or second
sort of Meal to fall into the Ark. 1888 GreENWELL Coa/-
trade Terms Northumb. & Durh., Dant, soft sooty coal
found at backs, and at the leaders of hitches and troubles.
Dant, -ar, obs. or Sc. forms of DauN?, -ER.
Dante. Also 6 dant, 8-9 danta. [Cf. It. dande,
‘a kind of great wilde beast in Affrike hauing
a very hard skin’ (Florio 1598): see ANTE. In the
second sense app. a transferred use of the same word
by the Spanish settlers in S. America.]
+1. (Also dant.) Some African quadruped: the
same as ANTE sd. q.v. Obs.
1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa 1.39 Buffles..and Dantes
(of whose hard skins they make all their targets) range in
heards up and down the woods. /ééd. 11. 340 ‘The beast
called Lant or Dant .. in shape resembleth an oxe, saving
that he hath smaller legs and comelier horns,
2. (Also danta.) The American tapir.
(The early accounts are often exaggerated and erroneous.)
16or Haktuyt tr. Galvano’s Discov. World (1862) 206
Many heards of swine, many dantes. 1712 E. Cooke Voy.
S. Sea 392 This Country [Verapaz]..has abundance of
Lyons, Tygers, and Dantas. 1760-72 tr. Fuan §& Ulloa's
Voy. (ed. 3) I. 362 Peru. .infested with bastard lions, bears,
dantas or grand bestias, (an animal of the bigness of a bul-
lock, and very swift, its colour generally white, and its skin
very much valued for making buff leather ; in the middle of
its head i: a horn bending inward). 1796 Morse Amer.
Geog. 1.83 American beasts..averse tocold; such are apes,
dantes, crocodiles. 1887 W. ‘Il. Brigham Guatemala 370,
I have seen the tracks of the danta (7apirus Americanus)
in the Chocon forests.
Dante(e, -ie, Dantely, obs. ff. Darnry, -ILy.
Dantean (dentzjan), a [See -an.] Of or
relating to Dante or his writings; resembling
Dante’s style or descriptions. Also 5d. A student
or admirer of Dante.
a@ 1850 Rossett1 Dante § Circ. 1. (1874) 20 Among our
Danteans. 1872 C. Kinc Mountain Sterra Nev. ix. 193
It was no small satisfaction to climb out of this Dantean
gulf. 1879 J. Cook Marriage 93, 1 do not adopt the
Dantean view of the state of the lost in another life.
So Dante'sque a. [see -ESQUE] = prec. Da‘ntist,
a Dante scholar. Darntize v., to imitate the style
of Dante. Danto‘philist, an admirer of Dante.
1833 Edin. Rev. LVII. 417 A poem thoroughly Dantesque.
1844 Disraett Coningsby iv. xi, ‘Too insipid’, said the
Princess. ‘I wish that life were a little more Dantesque.’
1889 W. W. Vernon Readings on Dante’s Pury. I. Pref.,
One of the greatest Dantists of his time—the late Duke of |
Sermoneta. 1764 Acct. of Bks.in Ann. Reg. 272/2 Michael
Angelo..is not ashamed, in some of his compositions, te
dantize, 1872 LowreLt Dante Prose Wks. IV. 147 The
veneration of Dantophilists for their master is that of
disciples for their saint.
Dantiprat, obs. var. of DANDIPRAT.
Danton: see Daunton. Danz, obs. f. Dan].
Daou, var. of Duow.
+ Daourite. Jz. Also daurite. [Named
from Daouria in Siberia, where found.] An obso-
lete synonym of rubellite or red tourmaline.
1802 Bournon in Phil. Trans. XCII. 316 The tourmalin
..of Siberia, to which the names of rubellite, of daourite,
and of Siberite, have been successively given. 1804 R.
Jameson Min, I. 130 Daurite.
Dap (dep), sd. Ods, exc. dial. [perh. f. Darv.,
in which case sense 2 (as held by Halliwell) would
be the original.] :
1. pl. Ways, modes of action ; hence dad. like-
ness, image (in ways and appearance).
1583 STaNyHuRsT -Zeis ww. (Arb.) 110 His daps and
sweetening good moods to the soalye [thee solely] were
DAPHNIN.
opned. 1622 Masse tr. Aleman’s Guzman ad ALf. ul. 239
e..knew the Dapps of the world. 1746 L.xinoor Scolding
230 (E. D. S.) Tha hast tha very Daps o’ thy old Ount
Sybyl. | 1787 Grose Prov. Gloss., Dapse, likeness. The
very dapse of one, the exact likeness in shape and manner.
1888 WW, Somerset Word-bk., Daps, 1. habits or ways. 2.
Likeness ; image.
2. A bounce of a ball; a hop of a stone on the
water.
1835 (Said at Rugby School), He caught the ball first dap.
1847-78 Hatiiwe Lt, Daf, a hop, a turn. West. 1888 in
West Somerset Word-bk.
Dap (dep), v. Alsodape. [Known only from 17th
c.: app. a parallel formation to Das, a lighter or
slighter touch being expressed by the final 4. In its
use possibly also associated with Dip. Cf.also Dop.]
1. cntr. (rarely trans.) To fish by letting the bait
dip and bob lightly on the water; to dib, dibble.
1653 WaLtTon Angler 70, I have taught him how to catch
a Chub with daping a Grishonper, Lbid, 118 With these
[flies] and a short line..you may dap or dop. 1676 Cotton
Angler (T.), The stone-fly we dape or dibble with, as with
the drake. 1799 G. Smitu Laboratory II. 271 The larger
trout are to be taken..with a stout rod. .dapping therewith
(which term you will find used by eel-fishers) on the surface
of the water. 1888 W. Somerset Word-bk., Dap.. to
fish with a rod in a peculiar manner. When the stream
is flooded and the water muddy, the bait, whether fly or
grub, is kept close to the top of the rod, with only an inch
or two of line, and is made to bob up and down very quickly
on the surface of the water. ;
b. gen. To dip lightly or suddenly into water.
1886 R. C. Lestie Sea-painter’s Log 70 The ‘dapping’ of
the kittywake gulls tell[s] where a shoal of mackerel lies.
1892 H. Hutcuinson Fairway [sland 129 In a few hours
came a dapping of the lead line. ;
2. Torebound, bounce; to hop or skip (as a stone
along the surface of water).
1851 Voy. Mauritius vi. 204 A shot fired over the smooth
sea astonished them much, as they watched the ball dapping
along the surface. 1880 Boy’s own Bk. 148 The other
player then strikes it .. before it has .. dapped (i. e. hopped
from the ground) more than once.
Hence Da‘pping 74/. sd.
1799 E. Smit Laboratory 11. 272 The few which you
may. .take, by dipping or dapping, will scarcely be eatable.
1867 F. Francis Angling (1876) 263 Daping is in.some places
called ‘shade-fishing’. 1886-92 [see 1 b above].
+ Dapatical, «. Oss.—° [f. late L. dapatic-us
sumptuous, f. dap-em feast: cf. also Gr. damavy
cost, expense.] Sumptuous, costly.
1623 CockeraM, Dafatical meates, daintie meates. 1656
Biount bet tg 8 Dapatical, sumptuous, costly, magnifi-
cent. 172r in Baitey. [Hence in mod. Dicts.]
Dapchick(e: see DaxBcuick.
Dape: see Dap v.
Daphnad (de‘fnad. Zot. Lindley’s name
for plants of the order 7hymelacex, including
Daphne. So Da‘phnal alliance, that containing
the Daphnads and Laurels.
1847 Linpiey /eg. Kingd. 530. 1876 Hartey Mat. Med.
(ed. 6) 448 Daphnal Exogens, apetalous, or polypetalous.
Daphne (de‘fnz). (Gr. Sapvy the laurel or
bay-tree : in A/ythol.a nymph fabled to have been
metamorphosed into a laurel.]
1. a. The laurel. b. in ot. The name of a genus
of flowering shrubs containing the Spurge Laurel
and Mezereon.
c 1430 Lypc. Compl. Bl. Kut. x, 1 sawe the Daphene
closed under rynde, Grene laurer and the holsome pyne.
1634 Hanincton Castara (Arb.) 19 Climbe yonder forked
hill, and see if there Ith’ barke of every Daphne, not appeare
Castara written. 1862 AnsteD Channel /s/. 1. xxi. ‘ed. 2)
497 Daphnes flourish marvellously and remain in flower
a long time.
2. Astron. The name of the 41st of the Asteroids.
Hence Da‘phnean a. [Gr. Aagvaios, L. Daph-
neus|, of or pertaining to Daphne; ¢ransf. of or
pertaining to virgin timidity and shyness. + Daph-
ne‘on, a grove of laurels or bays.
1606 Sir G. Goosecappe 1. ii. in Bullen O. PZ. III, Nor
Northren coldnesse nyppe her Daphnean Flower. 1887 T.
Harpy Woodlanders x\, ‘The Daphnean instinct, exception-
ally strong in her asa girl. 1664 Evetyn Sylva (1716) 398
‘They [Bays] .. grow upright and would make a noble
Daphneon.
| Daphnia (de-fnid). Zoo’, [mod.L. (Miiller
LEntomostraca, 1785) f. DAPHNE.]
A genus of minute fresh-water entomostracous
crustacea; a water-flea. Hence Daphnia‘ceous a.
Da‘phniad, a member of the order containing
the water-fleas. Da‘phnioid a., allied in structure
to Daphnia ; sé. a daphniad.
~~ CARPENTER Zool, § 805 After the third or fourth
moulting, the young Daphnia begins to deposit its eggs in
the cavity of its back. 1852 Dana Crvst. 11.1525 No Daph-
nioids. .have been yet reported from the Torrid Zone.
Daphnin (dz'fnin). Chem. [f. DAPHNE + -1N.]
A bitter glucoside obtained from two species of
Daphne. So Da-phnetin, a product of the de-
composition of daphnin. ?
1819 CuitpREN Chem. Anal. 289 Daphnin is the bitter
principle of the daphne alpina. “1847 E. Turner Eden.
Chem. (ed. 8) 1165 Daphnine, from the bark of Daphne
mezereum and other species. It is crystallizable. 1872 Watts
Dict. Chem., Daphnetin. 1876 Hartey Mat. Med. (ed. 6)
449 Colourless prisms of daphnetin.
DAPHNOMANCY.
Obs—° [f. Gr. Bapyn
+t Daphuomaney.
laurel, DaPHNE + -MANCY.] ‘Divination by a
Lawrel Tree’ (Blount Glossogr. 1656).
|| Dapifer (depifor). [L., f. daps, dapi- food,
feast + fer- bearing.] One who rings meat to
table ; hence, the official title of the steward of
a king’s or nobleman’s household.
1636 Bratuwait Roman Emp, 308 This Emperour also ap-
pointed divers Offices in the Empire, as Chancellor, Dapifer,
etc. 1657 Reeve God's Plea (T.), Thou art the dapifer of
thy palate, 1706 Puiturs (ed. Kersey), Dafifer, he that
carries up a Beh at a Feast, a Server .. yy tA the
Title was given to any trusty Servant, especially the chief
Steward, or Head Bailiff of an Honour,etc. 1845 C. Mac-
FARLANE /ist. Eng. 1.163 The royal cup-bearer or dapifer
ordered him to withdraw.
+ Dapina ,v. Obs—° [f. L, dapinat-, ppl.
stem of dafinare to serve - (food), f. daps (cf.
vee) «To prouide daintie meates’ (Cockeram).
Daply, var. of Dappty a.
+ Dapocarginous, a. Obs.
1674 Biount Glossogr. (ed. 4), Dapocaginous (from the
Ital. dafoco), that has a little or narrow heart, low-spirited,
of little worth.
Dapper (dz'pe1), a. Also 5 dapyr, 6 daper;
6 erron. dappard, -art. [Not found in OE. or
ME. App. adopted in the end of the ME. period
from Flemish or other LG. dialect (with modi-
fication of sense, perh. ironical or humorous) :
cf. MDu. dapper powerful, strong, stout, energetic,
in mod, Du., valiant, brave, bold, MLG. dapper
heavy, weighty, steady, stout, persevering, un-
daunted, OHG. tapfar, MHG. ¢apfer heavy,
weighty, firm, in late MHG. and mod.G., warlike,
brave. The sense of ON. dafr ‘sad, downcast’
appears to be developed from that of ‘heavy’.
Possibly cognate with OSlav. dobrii good.]
1. Of persons: Neat, trim, smart, spruce in dress
or appearance. (Formerly appreciative ; now more
or less depreciative, with associations of littleness
or pettyness ; cf. b.)
c1440 Promp. Parv. 113 Dapyr, or praty, elegans. a1529 |
SkeLton /mage Hypocr.95 As dapper as any crowe And
perteas any pie. 1530 Patscr. 309/1 Daper, proper, mignon,
rodin. 1594 Nasue Un/fort. Trav. 1 The dapper Mounsier
‘Pages of the Court. 1648 Herrick Hesfer., The Temple,
Their many mumbling masse-priests here, And many
a dapper chorister. 1673 R. LeicH 7vansproser Reh. 9 As
if the dapper Stripling were to be heir to all the Fathers
features. 1749 Firtpinc Tom Yones 1. xi, The idle and
childish liking of a girl to a boy. .is often fixed on. . flowing
locks, downy chins, dapper shapes. 1828 Scott /. J/. Perth
viii, The spruce and dapper importance of his ordinary
appearance. 31861 Sat. ev. Dec. 605 Our dapper curates,
who only open their mouths to say ‘ L’Eglise, c'est moi!’
1885 Miss Brapvon IIy/lard’s Weird 1. 89 A good-looking
man..well set up, neat without being dapper or priggish.
b. esp. Applied toa little person who is trim or
smart in his ways and movements: ‘little and
active, lively without bulk’ (J ).
1606 Wily Beguiled in Hazl. Dodsley 1X. 229 Pretty Peg
..’Tis the dapp’rest wench that ever danced after a tabor
and pipe. 1634 Mitton Comus 118 Trip the pert fairies
and the dapper elves. 1792 Wotcotr (P. Pindar) Ode to
Ld. Lonsdale, Much like great Doctor Johnson .. With
dapper Maer Boswell on his back. 1823 Scorr Peveril
xxxv, The clean, tight, dapper little fellow, hath proved an
overmatch for his bulky antagonist. 1840 Hoop Uf the
Rhine 66 A smart, dapper, brisk, well-favoured little fellow.
1870 Emerson Soc. & Sodit., Civilization Wks. (Bohn) III.
12 We are dapper little busybodies, and run this way and
that way superserviceably.
2. transf. Of animals and things.
1579 dope lig a Cal. Oct. 13, The dapper ditties,
that I wont devise, ‘To feede youthes fansie. [Gloss., Daf-
hen pretye.] 1589 77i. Love & Fort. 1. in Hazl. Dodsley
I. 198 There was a little dappard ass with her. 1592
Greene Ufst. Courtier in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) Il. 218
A little daper flowre like a ground hunnisuckle. 1672
Woop Life (1772) 48 Mounting my dapper DABR, Pegasus.
1704 Moderat. Dispi. vi. 23 A Dapper Animal, whose Pigmy
Size Provokes the Ladies Scorn, and mocks their Eyes.
180z G. Cotman Br. Grins, London Rurality i, Would-be
villas, ranged in dapper pride. 1870 Emerson Soc. & Solit.,
Work & Days Wks. (Bohn) ILI, 65 What. of this dapper
« houc and gutta-percha, which makes water-pipes and
stomach-pumps ?
3. as sb. A dapper fellow. Ods.
1709 Tatler No. 85 ®1 A distant Imitation of a forward
Fop, and a Resolution to over-top him in his Way, are the
distinguishing Marks of a Dapper. /did. No. 96? 4. 1747
W. Horsey /ool No, 68 The well-dressed Beaus, the Dap-
pers, the Smarts.
4. Comb., as dapper-looking.
1874 Burnanp My Time iii. 28 [The] dapper-looking,
though common chairs.
Da‘pperism. wonce-wd. [-18M.] The style,
manners, etc. of a dapper person,
1830 Cartyte Richter Misc. (1888) III. 33 A degree of
be 5 j tee and Dilettantism .. pled in the History
of Literature.
f. Daprer a +
pper fellow.
Dapper’ (dzeparlin).
ia ee weakling.) A iittle
161 Corcr., Nambot, a dwarfe; elfe, little starueling ;
a nme «ae or low dapperling. ay Signs of
Times Misc. (1888) II. 246 An intellectual ieaneetes
these times. 1681 P. Bayne in Lit. World 14 Jan. 26/1
She loves Anthony, a dapperling in person,
30
Dapperly (de'paili), adv. [as 2,] In a dapper
manner ; neatly, trimly, si
> ys
Lp. Matmessury in 7imes 1 Oct. (1884) 4/4 A slight
i a with spurs and Dench age Kibo 4
fi :
heer a Bar Mag. V. 290 Horns set dapperly upon the
Dapperness (d«paimés). [-ness.] The
naw of being dapper ; spruceness, trimness.
otterie.
LsGrR. 212/1 Day propernesse, m7i;
1842 eemnsoet Lect, Mass the ‘Reformer Wks. n) If.
238 Each requires of the practitioner. .a certain dapperness
a
n P , an accep of 1881 At
12 Feb. 242/2 Dapperness rather than assumed dignity
being the chief characteristic.
Dapple (dep’l), sb. Also6dappell. [Unless
this is the first element in dapfle-grey (q.v.), it is
not known until late in the 16th c., being preceded
somewhat by — of the adj. of the same form, |
and followed by those of the vb. in the simple
tenses; the (? ppl.) adj. dappled however appears
two centuries earlier. The mutual relations of these
and the derivation and etymological development |
| from afpel sb.]
still uncertain. The primary meaning of dappled |
of the whole group are, from the want of data,
was ‘spotted, specked, blotched’, which might
arise either from a vb. ‘to spot’ or a sb.=‘ spot,
blotch’. A possible connexion is the Icel. depz//
(found in 13th c.) ‘ spot, dot’; according to Vig-
fusson ‘a dog with spots over the eyes is also called
depill’. Thisis app.a dim. of dafz pool : cf. mod.
Norw. dafe, depel muddy pool, pond, dub; MLG.
dope, doble. Thus dapple might perhaps originally
mean a ‘splash’, and, hence, a small blotch or
speck of eslour)
+1. One of many roundish spots or small blotches |
of colouring by which a surface is diversified. Ods.
1580 Sipney Arcadia u. 271 (R.) As many eyes upon his
body, as my gray mare hath dapples.
.-a spot or dapple on a horse.
2. (Without //.) Spotting, clouding; mottled
marking of a surface ; dappled condition, dappling.
1sgt Horsey 7vav. (Hakluyt Soc.) 220 A goodly fare
white bull, all spotted over with black naturall dappell.
1648 Eart or West. Otia Sacra (1879) 88 The Crimson
| streaks belace the Damaskt West..And cast so fair a Dapple
o'r the Skies. 1713 Loud. Gas. No. 5176/4 A Grey Mare..
a little Fleabitten..on the Dapple behind. 1820 J. Hopcson
in J. Raine Mem. (1857) 1. 291 The whole sky has a harsh
and unnatural dapple. ;
3. An animal, as a horse or ass, with a mottled
coat. [app. subst. use of DAPPLE a.]
a 1635 Corset Poents (1807) 16 The king .. rides upon
his brave gray dapple. 1733 Frecpinc Quzx.1. i, Thou art
just such another squat bag of guts as thy Dapple. a 1800
| Cowrer Needless Alarm 115 Be it Dapple’s bray, Or be it
not, or be it whose it may. 1861 77Zes 8 Oct. 8/1 The pure-
blooded dapple, shaking his long ears over that manger.
Dapple (de'p'l, a. Also 6 daple. [See
Dapp.E sé., and DarpLep. The simple adj. is
known ¢ 1550: its relation to the sb. and vb. is un-
certain. According to analogy, it might be the
source of either or both of these ; but its date would
suggest that it may itself have been worn down
from dappled, or short for dapple-grey.] =DAPPLED.
1sst ‘I. Witson Logike 79 All horses bee not of one
colour, but. .some baye, some daple. 1735 SomeRviLte Chase
1v. 249 With his Hand Stroke thy soft dapple Sides, as he
each Day Visits thy Stall. 1841 Lane Arad. Nis. 1. 46
‘There approached them a third sheykh, with a dapple mule.
[Daffle cited by Imperial and Century Dicts. from Scott,
is an error for dappled: see Guy M. xxv.
Hence + Da‘ppleness, dappled state.
1611 Corcr., Pommelure, plumpenesse, roundnesse ; also
daplenesse.
Da e (deep'l), v. Also 7 daple, dappel.
[The (? ppl.) adj. DappLep (q. v.) occurs from the
end of the 14th c.; but the simple vb. is first
known two centuries later, and might have been
inferred from the ppl. adj., or formed directly on
the sb. or adj. of same form; see DAppLe sé.]
1. ¢vans, To mark or variegate with rounded spots
or cloudy patches of different colour or shade.
1599 Suaks. Much Ado v. iii. 27 The gentle day. . Dapples
the drowsie east with spots of grey. c 1620 Fiercner &
Mass. 7rag. Barnavelt ww. i. ‘They should have dapled ore
nm bay with fome, Sir. a _ CLeveLanp Wks. (1687) 1
trembling Leaves .. Dappling the Walk with light aad
shade. 1697 Phil. Trans. XIX. 781 A ae ss J that is
dappel’d in several Places of his Body with White Spots.
1791 Cowrer bs XX. 427, I see the walls and arches
led thick With gore. 1799 G. SmitH Ladborat 1
20 How to — ahorse, 1824 “Miss Mrrroxp Village
. 1. (1863) 79 An adjoining meadow, where the sheep are
lying, dappling its sloping surface like the small clea on
the summer heaven. _ 1870 sown Among my Bhs. Ser,
1611 Cotcr., Place |
| 4-5 dappel-, -
| compound was formed.
| blue, snow-white, etc.; but it is di
DAPPLY.
Aad linomnl ta dnepie wich lake aad elows eee
Hence Da: vb. sb. and ppl. a.
1830 Worpsw. Russian Fugitive 1. ii, In the dappling
east as pe unwelcome dawn. . 1870 Ruskin Lect. Art
vi. (1875) 172 The ing of one wood glade with
and sunshine, 1883 G. ALLEN in Knowledge 3 Aug. 66/1
‘The..colour and dappling [of i
Da se EAner - dappl
q “grey: see
Bay oP Keays bay (horse), ‘aga
1835 D. Boor Analyt. Dict. 305 The colours of Horses
are .. There are bays,
Da; (dz'p'ld), a. 5 dappeld, 6 daplit,
6-7 dapled. form, pa. pple. of DaprLe
APPLE sb. occurred early
enough, an adj. from it in -ed = ‘spotted’, would
be possible; cf. F. pommelé, OF. pomelé, dappled,
which similarly occurs long before the vb. pom-
meler, and was perh. immediately f. pommedle, or
OF. pomel, dim, of pee apple; also OE. #fpled
in wpplede gold, ‘formed into apples or balls’,
Marked with roundish spots, patches, or blotches
of a different colour or shade ; spotted, speckled,
c1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxxi. 142 It [Giraffe] es a faire
beste, wele dappled (Cott, A/S. a best pomelee or spotted,
Fr. une beste techchele\. Ibid. 143 Per er also wilde suyne
..dappeld and spotted [Coft, M/S. all spotted, Fr. tontz
tecchelez). 1535 Srewart Cron, Scot. (1858) I. 21 The daplit
sky wes lyke the cristell cleir. 1590 Spenser /. Q. u. i. 18
A pray steede.. Whose sides with dapled circles weren
dight. 1610 Fretcner Faithful Sheph. u. ii, Only the
dappled deer. . Dwellsinthisfastness. 1632 Mitton L’A dlegro
41 Till the dappled dawn doth rise. 1718 Prior Poems,
The Garland i, The dappl'd Pink, and blushing Rose. 1860
Ruskin Mod. Paint. V.1. i. §6 Beeches cast their dappled
shade. 1868 Darwin Anim. & Pi. 1. ii. 55 Horses of every
colour. .are all occasionally dappled. 7
b. Comb. dappled grey = DAPPLE-GREY (horse).
1590 Srenser /. Q. 11. Vil. 37 Fast flying, on a Courser
dapled gray. 1810 Lady of L. 1. xxiii, He saw
your steed, a dappled grey. 1842 Tennyson 7alking O.
112 Her mother trundled to the gate Behind the dappled
grays. S 3
Dapple-grey (dx'p’ligré'), a. (sd.) Forms:
1-, -il(1-, 6-7 daple-, 5— dapple-
grey, -gray. [See Dapp.e sé., a., v. and GREY.
Since salary occurs nearly two centuries before
dapfple itself is exemplified in me | grammatical capacity
(the only form known to be of equal age being the ppl. ad
dappled\, it is difficult to conjecture whence or how the
: t 3 In such a the =
element is usually a sb.: e.g. in apple-grey, iron-; , shy
i fircule to pe any
analogous meaning to ‘spot-grey’, if we suppose dafple
here to be the sb. The Germanic languages bgp ve
a combination meaning ‘apple-grey’: viz. ON. apfalgrdr
: dapple-grey, i. e. apple-grey, having the streaky colour of
an apple’ (Vigfusson), Sw. ofetars, orw. apel-graa, Da.
abildgraa, pied, piebald; OHG. aphelgra ‘glaucus (Grimm),
MHG. af/elgrd, Ger. apfelgrau‘ dapple-grey’ (Flagel), ‘ap-
plied to the apple-round spots which show themselves on
rey horses’ (Grimm), Du. age greeny sfapplegrey’. So
fF pommelé (£. pomme apple) marked with rou: spots
(of any colour), gvis-pommelé Set cevelet with darker
spots, dapple-grey, pomely grey in er, C. 7. Prol. 616;
with which cf. Russ. #a010UHbIM yadlochnyt dappled,
| Sutpatectday 63 9 all said esp. of the coats of horses. It is
| not easy to
lieve that ‘dapple-grey’ which renders these
words, has no connexion with ‘apple-grey’, their actual
t lation ; the expl ion may be that dafple-grey was a
mixture of Darriep spotted, taken as the sense-equivalent
of F. pommelé, with apple the formal, tative
| of Norse afad-gré-, and its Teutonic equivalents. This
would account at once for the difficulty in analysing dapple-
in this combination, and for its presence here before its
PP as an Pp word.)
Grey variegated with rounded spots or patches of a
darker shade; said of horses.
©1386 Cuaucrr Sir 7) 17
gray [v. 77. dappel- (3 ey
yh 1877 B. Goocr Heresbach's Husb. wm. (1586) 116
The , the sorrell, the dunne, the &ry. 3599 T.
M[ovrer) Sidkwormes 72 How they ge .. n
to an yron, then to a dapple gray. 1664 Evetyn Sylva
1679) 29, I read..That an handful or two of small Oak
ttons, ae with Oats, given to Horses which are black
0.
Horse. 1805 Scorr Last Minstr. 1. xxiv, O swi can
speed dapplegrey steed,
anh 1639 agi Ci 2 Preweg v. v. in Hazl. Dods:
. > ¢ dapple-grey,
Half Moor, half English. opty:
b. = A horse of this one -
.or H . Challeng: nights , Wks.
Fike. 9 232 ‘Chvletianes. comand ph Ae pars Ni his
(1873) 240 The flickering pp
roof of the little porch. :
1647 Wi inw Sine Cobler 76 It is in fashion with
uu to..
dapple your sj with new quodled words. N. O.
Batleans Lutrin i. 41 Discord 4 ppled o’re with th d
Crimes. ;
2. intr. To become eomehed or speckled.
1678 Lond. Gas. No. 1266/4 An iron gray Gelding, nae
ning to dapple. 1818 Byron Masefpa xvi, Me'
mist of dawning gray Would never dapple into day, 1883
sky-coloured.
Da'pply, a. rare. [f. DappLe sb, +-¥.] =Dar-
PLE a. ply-grey = DAPPLE-GREY. 4
‘cems, On Rover, Make of lineaments divine
female spaniels shine. 2 Jj. Crariwce She,
Ban ot Rulers Clowis swall aan toxndy like m ley:
grey with a North-wind.
Daps: see Dap sd. :
Dar, obs. form of Dare 56.3, DARE v.!
Dar, var. of Jar, THAR v., need, needs.
DARAPTI.
Darapti (dire:ptai). Logic. A mnemonic term
designating the first mood of the third figure of
syllogisms, in which both premises are universal
affirmatives (a, a), and the conclusion a particular
affirmative (z).
The initial @ indicates that the mood may be reduced to
Darvii of the first figure; the / following the second vowel
that there must be conversion fer accidens of the minor
premiss.
1551 T. Witson Logike (1580) 30 The thirde figure..Davap
ti. 1654 Z. Coxe Art Logick &s657) 136 The third Figure
..The Modes of this Figure are six. Called, Darafti,
Felapton, Disamis, Datisi, Bocardo, Ferison. 1727-51
Cuampers Cycl. s. v. Darapfti..e.g., dA. Every truly
religious man is virtuous ; ~A. Every truly religious man
is hated by the world: ¢/, Therefore, some virtuous men
are hated by the world. 1827 WHatTeLy Log7c (1848) 101
Third, Darafti, viz. (dA) Every Y isX; (rAp) Every Y is
Z; therefore (tI) some Z is X.
Darayne, var. of DrraIcn Ods.
Darbar: see Durbar.
Darby (da-1bi). A southern (not the local)
pronunciation of Derby, the name of an English
town and shire, which was formerly also some-
times so spelt. Hence an English personal sur-
name, and an appellation of various things named
after the place or some person of that surname.
1575 LANEHAM Ley, (1871) 4 Chester... Darby, and Staffoord.
1654 Trapp Comm Ps, iii. Introd., Summerset, Notting-
ham, Darby.
1. Father Derby's or Darby's bands : app. Some
rigid form of bond by which a debtor was bound
and put within the power of a money-lender,
(It has been suggested that the term was de-
rived from the name of some noted usurer of the
16th c.)
1576 GascoiGne. Steele G2, (Arb.) 71 To make their coyne,
anet to catch yong frye. To binde such babes in father
Derbies bands, To stay their steps by statute Staples staffe.
1592 GREENE Ufst, Courtier in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) II.
229 Then hath my broker an usurer at hand..and he brings
the money, but they tie the poore soule in such Darbies
bands. 1602 Carew Cornwall 15b, Hee deliuers him so
much ware as shall amount to fortie shillings..for which
thee poore wretch is bound in Darbyes bonds, to deliuer him
two hundred waight of Tynne.
2. /. Handcuffs : sometimes also, fetters. slang.
1673 R. Heap Canting Acad. 13 Darbies, irons, or
Shackles or fetters for Fellons. 1815 Scotr Guy M,
xxxili, ‘But the darbies’, said Hatteraick, looking upon
his fetters. 1889 D. C. Murray Dang. Catspaw 301 Better
get the darbies on him while he’s quiet.
+3. Ready money. Obs. slang.
1682 HickeRINGILL Wks. (1716) II. 20 Except they. .down
with their Dust, and ae. Darby. 1688 SHADWELL Sg”,
Alsatia 1. i, The ready, the Darby. 1692 Miracles per-
Sormed by Money Ep. Ded., Till with Darby’s and Smelts
thou thy Purse hast wellstored. ¢1712 Estcourt Prunella
1. 4 (Farmer) Come, nimbly lay down Darby; Come, pray
sir, don't be tardy. 1785 in Grose Dict, Vulg. Tongue.
4. Short for Derby ale ; ale from that town being
famous in the 17th c.
(1614 J. Cooke Greene's Tu Quogue in Hazl. Dodsley XI.
234, Ihave sent my daughter this morning as far as Pimlico,
to fetch a draught of Derby ale.] @1704 T. Brown /Vks.
(1760) II. 162 (D.) Can’t their Darby go down but with
atune? 1719 D’Urrey Pills IV. 103 He.. Did for a
. Draught of Darby call. ;
5. Plastering. A plasterer’s tool, consisting of a
narrow strip of wood two or three feet long, with
two handles at the back, used in ‘ floating’ or
levelling a surface of plaster; also applied to a
) Cy . .
plasterer’s trowel with one handle, similarly used :
see quot. 1881. (Formerly also Deréy.)
1819 Rees Cyc/. s. y. Stucco, The first coat .. is to be laid
on with a trowell, and floated to an even surface with
a darby (7. e. a handle-float), 1823 P. NicHotson Pract.
Build, 390 The Derby is a two-handed float. 1842 Gwitt
Archit, (1876) 675 The Derby .. is of such a length as to
require two men to use it, 188: Lvery Man his own
Mechanic §1379 For laying on fine stuff, and smoothing
the finishing surface of a wall, a trowel of peculiar form and
make, with the handle springing from and parallel to the
— -is required .. This trowel is technically called a
larby’.
6. Darby and Joan. A jocose appellation for
an attached husband and wife who are ‘all in all
to each other’, especially in advanced years and
in humble life. Hence dia/., a pair of china figures,
male and female, for the chimney-piece. Hence
Darby-and-Joan v,, -Joanish a.
_ The Gentil. Mag. (1735) V. 153 has under the title ‘ The
joys of love never forgot: a song’, a mediocre copy of
yerses, beginning ‘ Dear Chloe, while thus beyond measure,
You treat me with doubt and disdain’, and continuing in
the third stanza ‘Old Darby, with Joan by his side, You’ve
often regarded with wonder: He's dropsica she is sore-eyed,
Yet they’re never happy asunder ’, This has usually been con-
sidered the source of the names, and various conjectures
have been made, both as to the author, and as to the
identity of ‘Darby and Joan’, but with novalid results, It
is possible that the names go k to some earlier piece,
and as Darby is not a common English surname, it may
have originated ina real person, There isalsoa well-known
tgth c. song of the name, =<
1773, Gotps. Stoops to Cong.1. i, You may be a Darby,
but I'll be no Joan, I promise you. 1857 Mrs. Matuews
Tea-Table Talk 1. 50 They furnished..a high-life illustra-
tion of Derby and Joan. 1869 Trottore He Knew xc.
(1878) 500 When we travel together we must go Darby and
31
Joan fashion, as man and wife. 1881 Miss Brappon Afi.
III. 251 Daphne. .sat by Edgar's side ina thoroughly Darby-
and-Joanish manner. ane Punch 18 June 294 Both their
Graces were present, Darby-and-Joaning it all over the
shop.
Darbyism (da-sbijiz’m). [f. the name of Rev.
John N. Darby, their first leader.) The principles
of a sect of Christians (founded ¢ 1830), also called
Plymouth Brethren, or of a branch of these called
Exclusive Brethren. So Da‘rbyite, one who holds
these principles.
x SpurGeon Commenting 62 Good as they are, their
Darbyism gives them an unpleasant and unhealthy savour.
1882-3 E. E. Wuitertetp in Schaff Encycl. Relig. Know/.
III. 1856 Plymouth Brethren. .upon the European Continent
generally named ‘ Darbyites’. 1890 J. Woop Brown //a/.
Campaign u. ii. 148 Darbyite views,
Daree, obs. var. DACcE, a fish.
Dardan (da-1din), a.andsé. [ad. L. Dardanus,
Dardanius (poet.) Trojan.] adj. Trojan, of Troy.
sb. A Trojan. So Darda‘nian a. and sé.; || Dar-
da‘nium [Pliny V. AH. xxx. iii. 12 Dardanium,
vel Dardanum, sc. aurum, ornamentum aureum},
a golden bracelet.
1606 Suaks. 77. § Cv. Prol. 13 On Dardan Plaines. 1813
Byron By. Abydos u. iv, Of him who felt the Dardan’s
arrow. 1818 — Ch, Har. 1. i, The Dardan Shepherd's
prize. 1 Suaxs. Merch, V. mu. ii. 58 The Dardanian
wiues. 1623 Cockeram, Dardancan Art, Witchcraft. 1648
Herrick Hesfer., To Fulia, About thy wrist the rich Dar-
danium.
Dard(e, obs. f. Dart, and dared (see DARE z.).
[Dardy-line: see List of Spurious (Vords.)
Dare (dée1), v.1 Pa. t. durst (daist), dared
(déerd) ;_ pa. pple. dared. Forms: see below.
[One of the interesting group of Teutonic preterite-
present verbs, of which the extant present is an
original preterite tense ; see Can, Dow, etc. OE.
durran, pres. dearr, durron, pa. dorste,=OS. g7-
durran, -dar, -durrun, -dorsta, MLG. doren, dar,
doren, dorste, OF ris. diira, (dir or dor), dorste,
OHG. g2-turran, -tar, -turrun, -torsta, pa. pple.
gitorran, MHG. turren, tar, turren, torste, subj.
torste, Goth. ga-daursan, -dars, -daursun, subj.
-daursjau, -daursta; belonging originally to the
third ablaut series ders-, dars-, durs-, Aryan dhers-,
dhars-, dhys-: cf. Skr. dhysh-, perf. dadharsha, to
be bold, Gr. 6apo-, Opac- in Opaavs bold, Bapaciy
to be bold, OSlav. drzzate to be bold, dare. In
ON., the word is wanting, its sense being supplied
by the weak verb fora. It is also lost in mod.Ger,
and Du.; in MDu. it appears to have run together
with the verb dorven, =OE. purfan to need (see
THAR); hence in Du., durven is to dare; and
Ger. diizfen in some of its uses approaches the
sense ‘dare’. These two verbs have also fallen
together under a @ form in some Frisian dialects ;
and in ME. there was some confusion between them,
dar being sometimes written for ¢iar, while, on the
other hand, ¢2- forms (some of them at least from
Norse) appear with the sense of dar: see A. g below.
The original 3rd sing. pres. Ae dare, and pa. t. durst, re-
mained undisturbed to the modern period, in which the
transitive senses (B, II.) Were developed; but early in the
16th c, the new forms dares, dared, appeared in the south,
and are always used in the transitive senses, and now also
in the intransitive sense when followed by Zo. In the ori-
ginal construction, followed by the infinitive without fo,
dare, durst are still in common use (esp. in the negative
‘he dare not’, ‘he durst not’); and most writers prefer ‘he
dare go’, or ‘he dares to go’, to ‘he dares go’. The
northern dialects generally retain ‘he dare, he durst’, and
writers of northern extraction favour their retention in
literary English when followed by the simple infinitive
without #o,]
A. Inflexions.
1, Pres. Indic. a. 1st sing. 1 dear(r, north.
darr, 1-3 dear, 2-4 der, 3 Orm. darr, 3-6 dar,
5- dare, (Sc. 7 dar, 8-9 daur).
cgso Lindisf. Gosp., Ferome’s Prol. P2 Pe ich darr huelce
hwoego..to eccanne. c 1000 /ELFRIC Gen. xliv. 34 Ne dear
ic ham faran, cx1z00 Ormin 10659 Ne darr i pe nohht
fullhtnenn. ¢ 1205 Lay. 6639 Ne der ich noht kennen.
a1225 St. Marher. 16 Speoken i ne dar nawt. ax1240
Uretsun in Cott. Hom. 185 Mi leofman dear ich swa clipien.
cz Will. Palerne 938 Y dar nou3t for schame. /bid.
2169, I der leye mi lif. c1q20 Avow. Arth, xxxviii, I dar
lay. 1513 More in Grafton Chron. II. 770, I dare well
avowe it. 1605 SHaks. Macé. 1. vii. 44 Letting I dare not
wait vpon I would. 17rx Appison Sfect. No. 58 P 1, I dare
promise my self. 1725 Ramsay Gent. ShepA. ui. iv, | daurna
zy 8 18.. [see examples in B].
. and sing. 1 dearst, (north. *darst), 2-3
deerst, 2-4 derst, 3 Ovm. darrst, 3-6 darst,
darryst, daryst, 4-5 darist, 5 darste, 5— darest,
(7 darst, 7-dar’st). 8. north. 4-6 dar, 4- dare.
Beowulf 1059 Gif Su. .dearst..bidan. ¢x175 Lamb. Hom,
27 Pu ne derst cumen bi-foren him. c 1200 Ormin 5614 Patt
tu Ne darrst nohht Drihhtin wrabpenn. ¢ 1205 Lay. 20375
Pune deerst [c 1278 darst). .abiden. ¢ 1385 Cuaucer L.G, W,
1450 Hypsip. & Medea, Now daryst thow [v.r. darstou] take
this viage. c1g00 Rom. Rose 2532 That thou resoun derst
bigynne. c Lanfranc's Cirurg. 302 Whanne pou. .ne
darist not doit. 1470-85 Matory Arthur x. lv, Arte thou
a knygte and darste not telle thy name? 166 R. C. Times’
DARE,
Whistle v, 2143 [Thou] darst repaire. 1667 Mitton P. Z,
ut. 682 Thou, . That dar’st. .advance.
B. «1300 Cursor M, 5668 (Cott.) How dare [z.7. dar] pou
sua pi brober smite! c 1470 Henry Wallace m1. 361 Quhi,
Scot, dar thou nocht preiff? 1578 Gude §& Godlie Ballates
(1868) 116 How dar thow for mercy cry?
cC. 37d sing. a. 1 dear(r, zorth, darr, 1-3
dear, 2-3 der, 3 Ovm. darr, 3-6 dar, 5- dare,
(8-9 Sc. daur). 8. 6 dareth, -yth, 6- dares.
Beowulf 1373 Gif he zesecean dear. c 1178 Lamb,
Hom. 111 He his men eisian ne der. c1275 11 Pains of
Hell 231 in O. E. Misc. 153 Ne dar no seynt heom bidde
fore. 1340 Ayend, 32 Pet ne dar na3t guo ine pe pebe. 1382
Wycur Rom. x. 20 Ysaie dar, and seith. c1400 Maunpev,
(Roxb.) xii. 51 Nere pis see dare na man dwell. 148;
Caxton G. de la Tour F viij, A coueytous herte dar Greil
Saye. 1549 Compl. Scotl. 14 3it he dar be sa bold. 1599
Suaks, Much Ado ui. i. 74 Who dare tell her so? 1603 —
Meas. for M. v. i. 315 The Duke dare No more stretch this
finger of mine, then he Dare racke his owne. 1630 DAVENANT
Cruel Bro. 1, A pretty curr! Dare it bite as wellas barke?
1816 Scott Axtig. xxvi, ‘Shew me a word my Saunders
daur speak, ora turn he daur do.’ 1850 TENNYSON J7 Mei.
xlviii, Nor dare she trust a larger lay.
B. 1533 J. Hevwoop Mery Play betw. Fohan, Tib, etc.,
The kokold..for his lyfe daryth not loke hether ward. 1605
Suaks, Macé. 1. vii. 46-7, I dare do all that may become
aman, Who dares do more, is none. 1697 DrypEN V77g.
Georg. 111. 418 The fearful Stag dares for his Hind engage.
1798 Frere & Hammonp in Axnti-Facobin No. 28 (1852) 140
The man who dares to die. 1812 J. Witson Jsle of Palms
11,241 Poor wretch ! he dares not open his eye. 1856 EmMEr-
son Eng. Traits, Lit. Wks. (Bohn) II. 113 No priest dares
hint at a Providence which does not respect English utility.
§ The present dare has been carelessly used for
the past dared or durst.
1760 /inpostors Detected 1. 232 He pretended that the
marquis dare not appear abroad by day. 1811 A. BeLt in
Southey Z7/¢ (1844) II. 651 I wish I dare [=durst) put them
down among Bucibcol 1847 Marryat Childr. N. Forest
vii, He told me he dare not speak to you on the subject.
1857 KincsLEy 7wo ¥. Ago J. 214 She was silent; for to
rouse her tyrant was more than she dare do. /é7d. 298 But
she went into no trance; she dare not.
2. Pres. Indic. plural. a. 1 durron(-e), 2-3 dur-
re(n, 3-4 duren, dorre(n, 4-5 durn(-e), dore(n,
‘un, 4-5 dur, dor. £8. 3-6 north. der, 4-5 dar,
(5-6 darne), 5- dare, (.Sc. 7 dar, 8-9 daur).
cgoo Beda's /ist. 1, xxvii. Resp. 5 (1890) 72 Pat heo
nowiht swelces ne durron gefremman. c 1208 Lay. 25705
Pis lond cnihtes ne durren wid him mare na fehten [c 1275 ne
dorre pis lond cnihtes]. a1225 ¥uliana 47 Hu durre 3e?
c1250 Gen. §& Ex. 2239 He ne duren de weie cumen in.
cr1290 S. Eng. Leg. 1. 244/133 Pat ne dorre we nou3t. 1340
Ayend. 38 Pet..nollepb ober ne dorre ri3t do. 1382 Wyctir
Gen, xliv. 26 We dorun [1388 doren] not se the face of the
lord. c1386 Cuaucer Can. Veom. Prol. & 7. 108 (Harl.
MS.) As bay pat dor [v.7. dore, dur, dar (3 MSS.), dare]
nou3t schewen her presence. cxq400 in Wyclif’s Sel. Wks.
III. 476 Now durne worldly prestis take so grete lordschipe
upon hem. c 1400 MaunbeEV. (1839) xxvii. 271 Therfore dur
not the marchauntes passen there. 1401 Po/. Poems (Rolls)
II. 107 Privyly as 3e doren.
B. a@1300 Cursor M, 17425 (Cott.) pan dar we sai. 1377
Lancu. P?. PZ. B. Prol. 152 We dar nou3te wel loke. 1393
Tbid, C. 1v. 214 Pore men der nat pleyne. c1q00 MAunbeEv.
(1839) vi. 64 Thei dar wel werre with hem. c1q00 Zest.
Love i. (1560) 281/2 Loues servaunts..in no place darne
appeare. 15.. Sir Andrew Barton in Surtees Misc. (1890)
64 To France nor Flanders we der not goe. 1562 WIN3ET
Tractates i, Wks. 1888 I. 4 We dar not contemne. 158
Mutcaster Positions xxxviii. (1887) 168 Ladies who dare
write themselues. 1664 Evetyn Aad. Hort. (1729) 186 We
dare boldly pronounce it. 186r Dickens Gt. Exfect. xxiii,
How dare you tell me so?
3. Pres, Subj. a, sing. 1 dyrre, 1-5 durre, 3-4
dure, 4 derre, 4-5 dorre; //. 1-5 durren, 4-5
durre. 8. 4- dare, 5 dair, (8-9 Sc. daur).
Beowulf 2763 (Z.) 1380 Sec gif du Uyrre. c888 K. Atrrep
Boeth, xiv. § 1 Hwaker Su durre zilpan. c1220 Bestiary
187 No3[t] wurdi, dat tu dure loken up. az2go Owl &
Night. 1704 Non so kene, That durre abide mine onsene.
€ 1380 Six Ferumb. 451 Com on 3if pov derre. ¢ 1430 Pilger.
Lif Manhode ww. xix, Soo pat she durre no more be so
proud. J/dzd. xxix. 191 If pou dorre entre. .per in.
B. 21340 Hampote Psalter xiii. 1 Pof a wreche dare thynke
god is noght. 1380 [see B.1b]. 1526 Sketton Maguy/.
2205 Here is my gloue; take it vp, and thou dare. 1592
Davies Immort. Soul viii. ii, If we dare to judge our
Makers Will. dod, Do it if you dare!
4. Past Indic. a. sing. 1 dorste, north. darste,
2-6 dorste, 1-6 durste, 3 Ovm. durrste, 4-6
dorst, 4— durst, (5 darste, derste, drust, 5-7
dirst) ; A/. 1 dorston, 2-5 dorste(n, durste(n,
(4 draste), 4-6 dorst, 4- durst. 8. 6- dared,
(8-9 Sc. daur’d).
¢893 K. ZEtrrep Ovos. 1v. xi, Hweder he wid Romanum
winnan dorste. 918 O. £. Chron. (Earle 104), Hie ne
dorstcn pet land nawer gesecan, axxsq4 /é7d. an. 1135
Durste nan man misdon wid oder on his time. cx175 Lamé,
Hom. 97 Da apostlas ne dursten bodian, c¢ 1200 OrMIN.
2098 Forrpi durrste he sibbenn Don hise peowwess takenn
Crist. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 139 He ne dorste for godes
eie forleten. c 1250 Ger. & Ex. 2593 Durste 3he non lengere .
him for-helen. @1300 Cursor AZ. 2928 (Cott.) Par again
durst he not spek. ¢1300 Havelok 1866 But dursten he
[= they] newhen him no more. 1340 Ayend. 73 Pe rabre ..
panne pou dorstest..consenti. @1340 Hampote Psalter
xxi, 18 His kirtil be whilke pai durst noght shere. 1380 [see
B, 2]. 1393 GowER Conf, I1.174 He his mother derste love.
¢1440 Partonofe 1075 And the hethen drust not abyde.
1440 York Myst. xxiv.14 How durst pou stele so stille
away! 1535 Jove Afol. Tindale 32 He stretched forth his
penne..as farre as he dirst. 1583 Hottysanp Campo di
Fior 219 Wentest thou to see? Idurst not. 1641 R. Brooke
DARE,
FEpisc. 99 As Mercury once spared Jupiter's thunder-bolts
which a dirst not steale, oHNSON X No. 204
I Sa =a 8 es Rs. Cartyte Le/¢, 11, 88,
not let m: to you at Scotsbrig.
8B. cxsg0 Greene /'r, Bacon iv. 10 Lovely Eleonor, Who
darde for Edwards sake cut through the seas, /¢/d. iv. 18
She darde to brooke Neptunus haughty pride. 1641 Bur-
rouGHS Sions Foy 26 y dared not doe as others did.
1650 Futter Pisgah 1. 145 They dared not to stay him,
1790 Cowrer Let. to Mrs, Bodham 21 Nov., Such as i dared
not have given. 18a Sourney in Q. Rev. XXV. 345 He
dared not take the crown himself. 1848 Dickens Beas
xxx, Florence hardly dared to raise her eyes. k vA
NEWMAN Ce den 288, I dared not tell why. bey 3 'ROUDE
~ Stud, 1V.1. iv. 48 Any one who dared to lay hands
on him,
5. Past Subj. sing. asin Past Indic. pl. 1 dor-
sten, 2- as in J/ndic.
a 1000 Boeth. Metr. i. 54 Gif hi leodfruman lestan dorsten.
1374 CHAUCER Segnue 1. 906 Yn loue I dorst [v.7. durst]
haue sworn. 1377 Lanat. ?. P/. B. Prol. 178 Pere ne was
ratoun ., bat dorst haue ybounden pe belle ab pe cattis
nekke. 1556 Aurelio & Teak: (1608) C viij, What man. .that
dorste haue tolde me.
§] This Past Subj. or Conditional durst (=would
dare) is often (like the analogous could, would,
should, ought) used indefinitely of present time.
c¢ 1400-50 Alexander 1673 Sire, bis I depely disire, durst I
it neuyn. 1606 W. CrasHaw Kom. Forgeries 161 Do but
promise that you will iudge without partialitie, and I durst
make you iudges in this case. 1662 Gianvitt Lux Orient.
(1682) 83, I confess, 1’m so timorous that I durst not follow
their example. 1761 Sterne 77. Shandy III. xx, I have
no desire, and besides if I had, I durst not. 1793 Mrs.
IncupaLp Midn. Hour u. i, I hear his vessel is just arrived,
I durst not leave my house, 1881 Private Secretary 1. 132
ar mother does not drink wine and my father durstn’t.
. Pres. Inf. a, 1 *durran, 2-5 durre(n, 3-4
dur, 5 durn, doren, dorn, dore. £8. 5 daren,
-un, darn, (derre), 5— dare, (8-9 Sc. daur).
@ 1300 Cursor M. 22603 (Cott.) He_a word ne sal dur
speke.
| things, but nothing too much.
1340 Hampote Pr. Consc. 4548 Na man sal pam dur |
biry. 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 1. \xxxi, Per shulde noon |
dore resceyue it. c1440 Promp. Parv. 114 Darn, or durn
(Pynson darun, daren, or dorn), audeo. ¢ 1450 LoNELICH
Grail xiii. 538 They scholen not doren lyen. -_ Caxton
Reynard (Arb.) 72 To dore to me doo suche a shame.
B. cxg00 Maunpev. (Roxb.)iv. 12 So hardy pat he sall dare
ga to hir. me Cath, Angl. 89 Dare, audere, presumere,
vsurpare. Ibid. 97 Derre, vsurpare, presumere, audere.
1715 De For Jam. Justruct. 1. iii. (1841) I. 64 They shall
not dare to despise it. 1816 Scorr Old Mort. viii, ‘ They'll
no daur open a door to us.’ 1841-4 Emerson E£ss., Sed/-
Reliance Wks. (Bohn) I. 35 You cannot hope too much, or
dare too much. 1871 Macpurr Mem. Patmos xi. 153 We
cannot dare read the times and seasons of prophecy.
7. Pres. pple. and vdl. sb. 6- daring.
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 11. (1625) 29 None now daring
to take the same from you. 1889 Spectator 19 Oct., Power
.. held on the tenure of daring to do, as well as daring to
decide.
8. Pa. pple. a. 5 ? dorren (cf. OHG. gitorran),
dorre; 6 dare. §. 6-7, dial. 8-g durst. . 6-
dared.
a ¢1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode u. v. (1869) 78 How hast
thou done be so hardi? cxseo Melusine A i 324 How
one knyght alone had the hardynes to haue dare come.
B. 1§09 Barcray Shyp of Folys (1874) I. 207 They sholde
not have durst the peoples vyce to blame. 1605 SYLVESTER
Du Barias u. iii. Law, But Iochebed would faine (if she
had durst) Her deere sonne Moses secretly have nource't.
1665 Perys Diary (1875-79) a A hackney-coach, the
first I have durst to go inmany a day. 1691 tr. Hwilianne's
Obs. Yourn. Naples 217 They had not durst so much as to
take one step. od. Sc. If I had durst do it.
. 829 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 65 They
have dared to break out so audaciously. 1603 SHAKs.
Meas. for M.11. ii. 91 Those many had not dar’d to doe that
euill. ~ 1883 Daily Tet. 10 Nov. 4/8 A simple monk had
dared to consign a Papal decree to the flames.
9. Forms with initial /, #4 {partly from Norse
pora, pordi (Sw. torde, Da. turde), partly confused
with THar to need]: Pres. Jndic, 2 sing. 3-4
therstou, A/. 3-4 we thore, 5 ‘hey ther(not); 7a.
Indic, 3 purte, 3-4 therste, 4 therst, 5 thorst.
¢1300 Havelok 10 pe wicteste man..That purte riden on
ani stede. c1300 St. Brandan 581 We ne thore oure
maister i-seo, /did. 585 Hou therstou.. bifore him
nemne his name? cx300 Beket 1550 Hi ne therste -
the Kinges wille nomore holde him so. [Also 895, 1156.]
¢ 1380 Sir Ferumb, 2668 Was ber no man bat in w
perst sen ys fas. 1460 Lybeaus Disc. 1155 The four gonne
to fle, And thorst naght nyghhe hym nere. a? ARG.
Paston in Paston Lett. No. 506 II. 195 They say that they
thernot take it uppon hem.
B. Signification.
I. intr. (Inflected dare, durst (also dares,
dared.)
1. To have boldness or cou.
to be so bold as. a. followe:
(the original const.).
a 1000 (see examples in A. above]. 1154 O. Z. Chron., Ne
durste nan man don ober bute god. axa2g Fnliana 42
Penne darie we & ne durren neuer cumen biuoren him.
@ 1300 Cursor M. 3586 (Cott.) Baldlik pat dar isai. 14..
ee in A. above]. 1568 Grarton Chron. I. 395
ver the king did, no man durst speake a le.
1611 Bisce Yoh xxi. 12 None of the disciples durst aske
him, Who art agers. | Jounson Debates in Parit. (1787)
afterwards ., expose himself to the
_—. 1759 H. Warrore Corr. (ed. 3) IIL.
wo hundred and sixty-eight Sequins are more
than I lay out. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. I. 74
Nature has caprices which art dares not imitate, 1862
(to do something) ;
by z#f. without fo
32
Histor Se, Prov, 5 Ae man may steal a horse where anither
daurna look ower the hedge.
b. The z#/. is often unexpressed.
ar2ag Ancr. R. 128, & 3e! of hore god, hwar se heo
durren & muwen, ¢ 13590 Will. zune eon, (1) wioanits
hire as i durst. ¢1380 Wycutr Serw. Sel. . 222 He
mai be martyr if he dair. 1: see A, 4]. 1652 CuL-
Physician (1 34% have delivered it as
plain as I durst. 1725 De For m
] them as near the
id10 Scorr
dare.
had favoured the reformer as far as he durst.
¢. with fo and inf.
In this construction the 3rd sing. is now dares and the
pa. t. dared; but durst to was formerly used. ‘None
an to speak’, is more emphatic than ‘none durst
speak’.
c1gss Harpsrietp Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 269 The
Counsell, .neither durst to abridge or diminish any of them.
1611 Biste 7rans/. Pref. 9 It were to be wished, that they
had dared to tellit. 1619 Brent tr. Sarpi's Counc, Trent
(1676) 35 A Spanish Notary dared to 5 ea publickly in
the Rota. 1625 Burces Pers. Tithes 6 No intelligent man
durst absolutely to deny any of these Conclusions. 1677
Gate Crt. Gentiles 11. tv. 5 No one durst to breathe other-
wise than according to the Dictates of her Law. 1836 W.
Irvine Astoria I. 289 No one would dare to desert. 1870
E. Peacock Ralf Skirl. UI. 218 He did not dare to meet
his uncle. 1848, x [see A. 4].
2. (cllipt.) To dare to go, to venture.
1380 Sir Ferumb. 3726 Ferrer ne draste pay no3t for fere.
1660 GauDEN Brown? ig 151 There is nothing so audacious
which wit unsanctified will not..dare at in Heaven or Hell.
1697 Drvven Virg. Past. v1. 6 Apollo .. bade me feed My
fatning Flocks, nor dare beyond the Reed.
II. évans. (Inflected dares, dared.)
3. To dareto undertake or do; to venture upon, |
have courage for, face.
1631 May tr. Barclay's Mir. Mindes u. 135 To dare all
1704 Swirt 7. Tub xi,
Should some sourer mongrel dare too near an approach.
1827 Hezer ist Olympic Ode 145, 1 will dare the course.
1867 Lavy HERBERT
| berth
' DARE.
shoulders, 1853 Mrs. Cartyte Ze?z. II, 221, I daresay
have thought me Ne neglectful. Sir C. S.C. oars
Law Rep. 14 Q. B. D. 872, 1 y the rule was drafted
without reference to the practice at common law.
Dare (dé1), v.2 Obs. or dial. Also 3 deare,
from ¢1200; but not found in
{ the early ME. darien suggests an OF.
wad LC bedeven RE ace, calee
i to appease, abate, compose, calm.
Flemish verdaren, verdarien to astonish, amaze ;
but the word has not been found in the earlier
stages of the Teutonic langs., and the primary
signification and sense-development are uncertain.]
I. intr.
+1. To gaze fixedly or stupidly; to stare as one
terrified, amazed, or fascinated. Ods.
ax225 Leg. Kath. 2048 pe keiser..dearede al adeadet,
druicninde & dreori. ig Owl & Night. 384 Ich mai
i-son = hare, ‘3 ich ba on oh ae
cr ill, Palerne 4055 ing was kast in t "a4
hetered as doted man po fs themes dedes. Pol. old
(Rolls) II, 218 The snayl goth lowe doun, in his
shelle, yit may he se no sight. 1526 Sxetton Magny/.
1358, I have an hoby can make to dare. 1530
Patsacr. 506/2, I dare, I e or loke t me, je
alentour, What darest t on this facyon? me thynketh
thou woldest catche larkes. _1549 THomas Hist. Jtalie 96
‘The emperour..constreigned Henry Dandolo. .to stande so
longe daryng in an hotte basen, that he lost his sight.
+2. fig. To be in dismay, tremble with fear, lose
heart, dread. Ods.
¢ 1300 Cursor M. 21870 (Edin.) For be se sale rise and rute,
mani man sal dere and dute. c1340 Gaw. & Gr. Kut. 2258
For drede he wolde not dare. ¢ yd York Myst. xxviii. 2
My fliesshe dyderis and daris for doute of my dede. 1513
Brapsuaw St. Werburge 1. 2654 Dredefully darynge comen
now they be, Theyr wynges traylynge entred into the hall.
+8. To lie motionless (generally with the sense
| of fear), to lie appalled; to crouch. Also fig.,
tude that they might dare all things, and bear all things for |
their Lord.
4. To dare or venture to meet or expose oneself
to, to run the risk of meeting ; to meet defiantly,
defy (a thing).
1602 Suaks. am. wv. v. 133, I dare Damnation. .onely
lle be reueng’d. 1611 Heywoop Gold. Age 1. Wks. 1874
III. 7 A Crown's worth tugging for, and I wil ha’t Though
in pursute I dare my ominous Fate. Sf uARLES Sod,
Recant. 23 O why should’st thou provoke thy God, and dare
His curse upon thy practise? 1701 Rowe Amb, Step-Moth.
iv. i. 1738 If thou still rsist to dare my Power. 1727-38
Gay Faéles 1. xx. 36, I stand resolv'd, and dare the event.
1844 Lincarp Anglo-Sax. Ch. (1858) II. xiii. 260 He hesi-
tated not to dare the resentment of the pontiff. 1
C. Bronté Villette vi, 1 saw and felt London at last..
I dared the perils of the crossings.
5. To challenge or defy (a person).
1580 Lyty Exphues (Arb.) 316 An English man. .{cannot]
suffer..to be dared by any. 1589 Hay any Work 34 What
wisedome is this in you to dare your betters? c 1620 Z. Boyp
Zion's Flowers (1855) 138 A gyant tall, who darr’d him to
his face. ee Ulyss. 1. i. 270 The Slave Who fondly
dares us with his vain defiance. 1748 RicHarpson Clarissa
(1811) VIII. 395 Woman confiding in and daring woman.
1813 Hoce Queen's Wake 190 To a savage haunts,
peg dare In his dark home the sullen ,
b. With various const., e.g. to dare (a person)
to do something, /o the fight, etc., + to dare out.
1590 Greene Ort. Fur. (1861) 92 With haughty menaces
To dare me out within my palace gates. 1 KNoLLES
Hist. Turks (1638) 148 He would .. meet the Rebell in the
heart of Lydia, and there dare him battell. 1606 SHaks.
Ant. & Cl. ui. xiii. 25, I dare him therefore To lay his gay
Comparisons a-part. 1632 Ranpotrn Yeal. Lovers v. viil,
I dare him to th’ encounter. 1672 Baxter Bagshaw's Scand.
11 As children dare one another into the dirt. Burns
Halloween xiv, 1 daur you try sic sportin. 1847 Marryat
Childr. N. Forest xvii, You wish to dare me to it—well, I
won't be dared to anything. 1873 Buack Pr. Thule xxvii.
451 He knew she was daring him to contradict her.
III. Dare say. [Fromsense1.] a. properly.
To be as bold as to say (because one is prepared
to affirm it); to venture to assert or affirm.
1300 Cursor M. 4509 (Cott.) Boti dar sai, and it wat,
yy leli luues for-gettes lat’. c1350 Will. Palerne 1452,
I dar seie & sopliche do proue, sche schal weld at wille more
gold ban 3¢ siluer. c1460 Play Sacram., 316 Neyther mor
or lesse Of dokettis good I dar well saye. 1540-54 Croke
13 Ps. (Percy Soc.) 7 My sute is heard .. I dare well saye.
x Lamparve Peramd. Kent (1862) gt No Towne nor
tie is there (I dare say) in this whole Shire commenter
with this one Fleete. 1614 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 759
Who devised your Office of neg cont I dare say, not
Christ. i699 Bruny Phal. 120 This I dare sayis the best
and neatest Explication .. and .. I believe it the truest.
b. ¢ransf. ‘To venture to say (because one thinks
it likely) ; to assume as probable, presume. Al-
most exclusively in the parenthetic ‘I dare say’;
rarely in oblique narration, ‘he dared say’. (in
this use now sometimes written as one word, with
stress on the first syllable.)
Some dialects make the past daresaid, darsayed, dessayed.
Frecoinc Jom Yones vu. ive your friend
a very good character..and a oon eee
1768 Sterne Sent. Fourn. 1. 54 (The Letter), Fleur ..
told me he had a letter in his et .. which, he durst say,
wi suit the occasion. 1807 Anna Porter Hungar. Bro. v,
‘Other women have admired you as much. .I dare say’..'O!
if it's only a“ dare say’ cried Demetrius, shrugging up his
| or be not unknowun.
| esp. in droop and dare. Obs.
radle L. iti. 110 To teach them forti- |
¢ 1220 Bestiary 406 Ne stered 3¢ [Se fox) no3t of Se stede
..0c dared so 3¢ ded were. a1225 Fuliana 42 Penne darie
we & ne durren never cumen biuoren him. ¢ 1386 CHaucer
Shipman's T. 103 Thise wedded men pat lye and dare As
in a fourme sit a wery hare. c1420 Axturs of Arth. iv,
The dere in the dellun Thay droupun and daren, a@ 1450
Le Morte Arth. 2575 Knyghtis of kynges blode, That longe
wylle not droupe and dare. ?%a1g§00 Chester Pt. (Shaks.
Soc.) II. 148 (Date of MS. 1592), Builded thinges to grounde
shall falle.. And men in graves dare.
+4. To be hid, lie hid, lurk. Ods.
a 1225 Leg. Kath, 1135 3ef drihtin, pe darede in ure men-
nesse, wrahte wundres, -_ Wyciir Mark vii. 24 And
Jhesus .. mighte not dare or Fedoes {1388 be hid]. 14...
Epiph. in Tundale's Vis, 107 The worm... Dareth full oft
and kepeth hym covertly. c1430 Lypc. Bochas tw. xvii.
(1554) 117 b, Under floures lyke a nt dare Til he may
styng ©1440 Hytton Scala Perf. cw. de W. 1494) 1. Lxiii,
There is moche pryde hydde in the grounde of — herte,
as the foxe dareth in his denne. c¢1440 Promp. Parv. 113
Daryn, or drowpyn or prively to be hydde, datzto, lateo.
+b. with indirect obj. (dative) : To be hid from,
escape, be unknown to.
1382 Wyctir 2 Pet. iii. 5 It daarith hem [1388 it is hid fro
hem] willinge this thing. 4d. iii. 8 Oo thing —_ not
— Acts xxvi. 26, I deme no thing of
| these for to dare him.
II. trans. said elatias is
+5. To daze, paralyse, or er wit
the sight of something ; to dazzle and fascinate.
To dare larks, to fascinate and daze them, in order
to catch them. (Cf. sense 1, quots. 1526-30, and
Hoorer Answ. Bp. Winchester’s Bk. Wks, , Fae
Cran-
mde hoby, that the larks’ eyes bein;
S|
ing about all their
looking- , used in sunshiny days, for the pur-
or dazing larks from their high soaring flight
to within a conveni for sh g or netting
them.
+6. To daunt, terrify, paralyse with fear. Now
dial.
r6rz Beaum. & Ft. Maid's Hts 1v. i, For I have done
those follies, those mad mischiefs, Would dare a woman.
Drayton Agincourt 97 Clifford whom
out of his senses.
frighten,
ng
CAPERN
. He dared me, he
surprized me, / was dare'd, 1 was surprized.
. 1563
11. (1859) 252 They become as wise as
the blocks themselves which they stare on, and so fall down
as dared larks in that gaze.
cowered like a dared ¥
DARE.
Dare, v." obs. var. DERE, to injure, hurt.
Dare (dé1), sb.1 Also 6 darre. [f. Darn v.1]
1. An act of daring or defying ; a defiance, chal-
lenge. Now col/og.
1594 First Pt. Contention v, Card. Euen when thou
darest. //%. Dare. I tell thee Priest, Plantagenets could
neuer brooke the dare. 1600 Hreywoop 2 Law. JI” Wks.
1874 I. 96 His defiance and his dare towarre. 1606 Suaks.
Ant. & Cl. 1. ii. 191 Sextus Pompeius Hath giuen the dare
to Cesar. 1688 Bunyan Dying Sayings Wks. 1767 1. 48
Sin is the dare of God’s justice. 1892 R H. Davis Van
Bibber 87, ‘1 didn’t suppose you'd take a dare like that, Van
Bibber’, said one of the men.
+2. Daring, boldness. Ods.
1s95 Markuam Sir R. Grinvile \xxvii, And yet, then these
my darre shall be no lesse, 1596SHaks. 1 Hen. JV, 1W.i. 78
It lends..A larger Dare to your great Enterprize.
Dare (dée1), 56.2. [f. Darev.2] <A contrivance
for ‘daring’ or fascinating larks.
1860 Sata Hogarth in Cornh. Mag. II. 239 ote, The
‘dare’ I have seen resembles a cocked hat, or chapeau
bras, in form, and is studded with bits of looking-glass,
not convex, but cut in facets inwards, like the theatrical
ornament cast in zinc, and called a ‘logie’. | The setting is
painted bright red, and the facets turn on pivots, and being
set in motion by a string attached to the foot, the larks are
sufficiently ‘dared’ and come quite over the fascinating toy.
1888 A thenzum 28 Jan. 122/1 The dare for larks, or mirror
surrounded by smaller ones, over the mantel-piece, which
exercised many commentators [Hogarth’s Distressed Poet].
+ Dare, 5.3 Ods. Also 5 dar. [A singular
formed on dars, OF. dars, darz, pl. of dart, dard
dart, dace. The OF. pl. dars and nom. sing. dars
became in Eng. darse, darce, DAcE.] = Dace.
(1314 in Wardrobe Acc. 8 Edw. II, 21/12 Dars roches et
pik 2s. 8d.] ©1475 Pict. Vocab. in Wr.-Wiilcker 763/36
Hic capita, a dar, 1622 Drayton Poly-olb.xxvi, The pretty
slender dare, of many call’d the dace. 1708 Morreux
Rabelais 1. iii, As large as a Dare-Fish of Loire. 1740
R. Brookes Azt of Angling 1. xxiii. 60 The Dace or Dare..
is not unlike a Chub.
+ Dare, darre, sJ.4 Ods. [Cf. F. dare, ‘a
huge big bellie; also, Dole’ (Cotgr.).] ? A por-
tion (or some definite portion).
1528 Papers of Earls of Cumbrid. in Whitaker Hist.
Craven (1812) 308 Item, for herbes five dares. .for yeast,
five dares. x160r F. Tate Househ. Ord. Edw. 11, § 2(1876)
6 His livere..shalbe a darre of bredde. /d7¢. §. 9 He may
take two darres of bred.
Dare (=dar), darh, var. of THar v., need.
Da‘re-all. [f. Dare v.1+ ALL: cf. dare-devil.]
One who or that which dares all; a covering that
braves all weather, a ‘ dread-nought’.
1840 T. Hook /itsherbert 1. xi. 120 Enveloped in mackin-
toshes, great-coats, dare-alls, boas and oilskins.
Dared, Z7/. a.: see DARE v.2
Dare-devil (dé-1,de:vil), sd. and a.
v.1+ Devin : cf. cutthroat, scarecrow.)
A. sb. One ready to dare the devil; one who is
recklessly daring.
1794 Wotcortt (P. Pindar) Odes to Mr. Paine ii, I deemed
myself a dare-devil in rhime. 1841 Lytton Ni. § Morn.
(2851) 152 Adangerous, desperate, reckless dare-devil. 1874
REEN Short Hist. x. § 1 Robert Clive ..an idle dare-devil
of a boy whom his friends had been glad to get rid of.
B. adj. Of or pertaining to a dare-devil; reck-
lessly daring.
1832 W. Irvine Alhambra I. 193 A certain dare-devil cast
of countenance, 1860 Mottey Netherd. I. 159 Plenty of dare-
devil skippers ready to bring cargoes.
Hence Darre-de:vilish a., Da‘re-de:vilism,
Da‘re-de:vilry, -deviltry (U.S.).
1886 Blackw. Mag. CXL. 737 His faults were dare-devilism
and recklessness. 1859 Sat. Rev. VIII. 24/2 The dare-
devilry which prompts a respectable girl to make her way
into the haunts of vice. 1886 Mrs. C. Prarp Miss Yacobsen's
Chance I. vi. 111 The spice of dare-devilry in him was in
iquant contrast to, etc. 1881 V. VY. Nation XXXII. 369
0 city has for courage and dare-deviltry surpassed Milan.
Dare-fish: see Darx 50.3
+Darreful, 2. Ods. rare. [f. Dare 50,1 or v,1
+-FuL.] Full of daring or defiance.
1605 Suaks. JZacéb. v. v. 6 We might haue met them dare-
full, dto beard. 1614 Sytvester Parl. Vertues Royall
994 Not by the Prowesse. .Of his owne darefull hand.
Darer (dé-raz). [f. Dare v.l1+-zR.] One who
dares or ventures ; one who challenges or defies.
1614 Rateicn Hist. World II. v. iii. $ 16. 454 The best,
and most fortunate of these Great Darers. 1624 FLETCHER
Rule a Wife m.v, Another darer come? 1748 R1cHarDSON
Clarissa (1811) V. 348 Women to women, thou knowest, are
great darersand incentives. 1884 A. Forsesin Ang. [//ust.
Mag. Dec. 150 Of such men as Cavagnari is our empire of
India—a thinker, a doer, a darer.
Da:resome, a, dial, [See -somE.] Venture-
some, foolhardy.
1864 L. N. Comyn Atherstone Priory 1. 101, I don’t like
to see her so careless and daresome-like.
Darf, var. of Derr a. Ods., keen, and THARF vz.
Obs., to need.
Darg (daig). Sc. and zorth.dial. Also 5dawerk,
dawark, 8 daurk, 9 daark, dark, darrak,darroch,
dargue, daurg. [A syncopated form of daywerk,
or daywark, DAYWORK, through the series of forms
dawark, *daark, dark, darg, the latter being now
the common form in Scotland.] A day’s work, the
task of a day; also, a defined quantity or amount
Vor, III.
[f. Dare
33
of work, or of the product of work, done in a cer-
tain time or at a certain rate of payment ; a task.
c1425 Wyntoun Chron. 1x, xiv. 44 (Jam.) That duleful
dawerk that tyme wes done. 1489 Act. Audit. 147 (Jam.)
Ffor the spoliatioune of vi dawarkis of hay. 1535 STEWART
Cron. Scot. 11, 596 For that same darg and deid. _ 160g in
Pitcairn Crim. Trials Scot. 11. 451 Fourscoir dargis of hay.
1787 Burns Auld Farmer's Salut. xvi, Moniea sair daurk
we twa hae wrought. 1 Statist. Acc. Scot. XII. 300
A darg of marl, i. e. as much as could be cast up by the spade
in one day. 1818 Scorr //7t. Mid7. xxvi, I have a lang day’s
darg afore me. 1832-4 De Quincey Cvsars Wks. 1862 1X.
51 You did what in Westmoreland they call a good darroch.
1851 GREENWELL Coal-tr. Terms Northumb. §& Durh. 2%
Darg, a fixed quantity of coal to be worked for a certain
price. .the general term in use about Berwick. 1878 Cwn-
brid. Gloss., Darrak (Centre), dark (S.W.), darg (North C.),
day’s work. 1875 Ruskin Fors Clavigera VI. 8 Lett. 61
And goes out himself to his day’s darg.
Hence Da‘rg-days, days of work done in lieu of
rent or due to the feudal lord. Da‘rger, darker,
Da‘rgsman, day-labourer. Da‘rging, working
as a day-labourer.
180: Papen Water-Kelpie iv. in Scott Minstr. Sc.
Bord., The darger left his thrift. 1807 J. Stace Poems 64
The laird and dar'ker cheek by chowle, Wad sit and crack
of auld lang seyne. 1788 R. Gattoway Poems 119 (Jam.)
Glad to fa’ to wark that’s killing, To common darguing.
1885 in D. H. Edwards Mod. Sc. Poets Ser. vit. 44 A bar-
gain. .for drainin’ or for dargin’. 1845 Whistle-binkie Ser. m1.
(1890) I, 418 Warnin dargsmen to put on their claes.
ari, = Durra, Indian millet or Guinea corn.
1892 Daily News 28 June 2/8 Buckwheat, dari, and millet
firm. /bid. 27 Oct, 7/4 Linseed, buckwheat, dari, and millet.
Darial, dariel(le, var. of DARIOLE Ods., pasty.
Daric (de'rik). Also 6-7 daricke, dari(¢)que,
7-9 darick. [ad. Gr. Adpee-ds (properly an ad}.
agreeing with orarnp stater).] A gold coin of
ancient Persia, said to have been named from the
first Darius. Also a Persian silver coin of the
same design, specifically called szg/os.
1566 Painter Pad. Pleas.1. 40 The King. .sent tothe man
..a cuppe of golde and a thousand darices. 1586 'T. B. La
Primaud. Fr. Acad.336 Two cups. . full, the one of Dariques
of gold, the other of silver Dariques. 1665 Sir T., Herbert
Trav. (1677) 243 Timagoras .. had received a bribe of ten
thousand Dariques or Sagittaries. 1767 Swinton in P/dd.
Trans. LVI. 273 note, The bow and arrow..visible.. on
avery curious Daric. 1879 H. Puitiirs Notes Coins 5 The
Persian Daric, of which an example in silver is shown.
Darie, obs. form of Dairy.
Darrii. Zogic. A mnemonic word designating
the third mood of the first figure of syllogisms, in
which the major premiss is a universal affirmative
(a), and the minor premiss and the conclusion par-
ticular affirmatives (7); thus, All A are B; Some
C are A: therefore, Some C are B.
x T. Witson Logike (1580) 27 Vnto the firste figure
belong fower Modes .. Barbara, Celarent, Darii, Ferio..
whereby every Proposition is knowne, either to be universall
or particular, affirmative or negative. 1717 Prior Adwa
mt, 383, I could .. With learned skill, now push, now parry,
From Darii to Bocardo vary. 1869 FowLer Ded. Logic
(ed. 3) 99 Thus Disamis, when reduced, will become Darii.
Daring (dé-rin), vd/. sd.1 [f. Dare v.! +
-InG!.] The action of the verb Dare!; adven-
turous courage, boldness, hardihood.
1611 SpeeD Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. ix. (1632) 596 Incredible
darings..were not wanting. 1651 Hospes Leviath. 1. xv. 80
As if not the Cause, but the Degree of daring, made Forti-
tude. 1874 Green Short Hist. vii. § 6. 406 The whole people
had soon caught the self-confidence and daring of their
Queen.
+ Daring, vé/. 50.2. Obs. [f. Dare v2] The
action of the verb Dare 2; esp. the catching of
larks by dazing or fascinating them (see DAREv.* 5).
c1440 Promp, Parv. 113 Darynge, or drowpynge, léc7tacio,
latitatio, x60z Carew Cornwall (1811) 96 Little round
nets fastened to a staff, not much unlike that which is used
for daring of larks. 1704 Dict. Rust., Clap-net and Look-
ing-glass ; this is otherwise called Doring or Daring. 1766
Pennant Zool. I. 150 What was called daring of larks.
b. attrib. and Comb., as daring-glass, -net.
1sgo GrEENE Neuer too late (1600) 8 They set out their
faces as Foulers doe their daring glasses, that the Larkes
that soare highest,.may stoope soonest. 1616 Suri. &
Marku. Country Farme 712 You. .shall with your horse and
Hawke ride about her. .till you come so neere her that you
may lay your daring-net over her. 1659 GAUDEN Tears of
Church 197 New notions..are many times..the daring.
glasses or decoyes to bring men into the snares of their ..
damnable doctrines.
Davring, 7//.a.1 [f. Dare v.1 +-1nG 2]
1. Of persons or their attributes: Bold, adven-
turous ; hardy, audacious.
182 STANyHURST 4/neis, etc. (Arb.) 143 A loftye Thrasoni-
cal huf snuffe. .in re daring. 1596 SHaks. 1 Hen./V,
vy. i. 91, I do not thinke a brauer Gentleman. . More daring,
or more bold, is now aliue. 1667 Mitton P. Z. vi. 129 Half
way he met His daring foe. 1758S. Haywarp Sevm. xvii.
539 The daring insolence.. of prophane Sinners. 1855
Macautay Hist. Eng. 1V. 325 Montague, the most daring
and inventive of financiers,
2. transf. and fig.
1617 MippLeton & Row.ey Fair Quarrel 1. i. 314 To
walk unmuffi’d .. Even in the daring’st streets through all
the city. a@ 1661 Futter Worthies (1840) III, 202 Witness
Wimbleton in this county, a daring structure. 1697 ADDISON
Ess. on Georgics, The last Georgic has indeed as many meta-
phors, but not so daring as this. 1876 Freeman Norm.
Cong. V. 39 This daring legal fiction,
DARK.
+3. In quasi-advb. com). with another adj., as
daring-hardy. Obs.
1593 Suaxs. Rich. //, 1. iii. 43 On paine of death, no person
be so bold Or daring hardie as to touch the Listes.
Daring, #//. 2.2 Obs. Also 4 dareand. [f.
Dare v.2] Staring, trembling, or crouching with
fear, etc.: see the vb.
1333 Minor Poems, Halidon Hill 39 Now er pai dareand
all for drede, Pat war bifore so stout and gay. 1611 CoTcr.,
Blotir, to..lye close to the ground, like a daring Larke, or
affrighted fowle. yy
Daringly (déerinli), adv. [f, Darine Zf/. a.!
+-LY2,] Ina daring manner.
1605 CHapmMan, etc. Lastw. Hoe 1. i. (R.), Prouder hopes
which daringly o’erstrike Their place and means. 1771
Junius Lett. xiii. 220 The civil rights of the people are
daringly invaded. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. 11.533 Men
asked .. what impostor had so daringly and so successfully
personated his highness.
Daringness (dé*rinnés). [f. as prec. + -NESS.]
Daring quality or character.
1622 Masse tr. Alenzan’s Guzman d’Alf. 1. 70 Full of
Daringnesse and of Lying. 1647 CLarenvon Hist, Reb.
vit. (1703) IL. 276 [Falkland], The daringness of his Spirit.
1795 CoLertnGE Plot Discov. 49 The frequency and daring-
ness of their perjuries. 1880 M. BerHam-Epwarps /ore-
stalled 1. 1. ix. 140 ‘The daringness of... youth.
|| Dariole. Oés. Also 5 daryol(e, -iolle, -ial,
-yal, -eal, -iel(le, -yel. [a. F. dariole (14th c.)
a small pasty ‘ filled with flesh, hearbes, and spices,
mingled and minced together’ (Cotgr.), now a
cream-tart.] = CUSTARD I a.
?ax1400 Morte Arth. 199 With darielles endordide, and
daynteez ynewe. ¢ 1420 Liber Cocorumt (1862) 38 For darials.
Take creme of almonde mylke [etc.]. ¢ 1430 720 Cookery-
bks. 47 Daryoles—Take wyne & fressche brope, Clowes,
Maces, & Marow..& put ber-to creme. .& 3olkys of Eyroun.
Lbid. 53 Darioles. ¢1440 Anc. Cookery in Househ, Ord.
(1790) 443 Daryalys. 1664 ETHEREDGE Com. Revenge Ul. iv,
I..did buy a dariole, littel custarde. [1823 Scorr Quentin
D. iv, Ordering confections, darioles, and any other light
dainties he could think of.]
Dark (daik), @. Forms: 1-2 deore, 3 dearc,
derc, dore, dorck, dare, darck, deork, durc,
3-6 derk, 4 deorke, durke, 4-6 derke, dirk(e,
dyrk, 5 derck, dyrke, dork, 4-7 darke, 6 darck,
dearcke, 6- dark. [OE. deorc (repr. earlier *derk,
with fracture of e before ~ + cons.) ; there is no
corresponding adj. in the other Teutonic langs., but
the OHG. wk. vb. tarchanjan, tarhnen, terchinen
to conceal, hide, of which the WGer. form would
be darknjan, appears to contain the same stem
derk, dark. In ME. there is a notable variant
therk(e, dherke, thyrke, with the rare substitution
of initial J, 2h, for d, for which see THERK.]
I. Literal.
1. Characterized by (absolute or relative) absence
of light; devoid of or deficient in light ; unillumi-
nated; said es. of night.
Beowulf 3584 Niht-helm geswearc deorc ofer dryht-
gumum, c 1000 Ags. Ps. Ixxilifi]. 16 pu deg settest and
deorce niht. a@xzzz25 $¥uliana 30 Dreihen hire into dare
[v.r. dorc] hus. ¢x1275 Lay. 7563 Hit were dorcke nipt.
©1340 Cursor M. 16783 (Trin.) Pe day wex derker ben be
ny3t. 1470-85 Matory Arthur xvi. xvii, Hit was soone
derke soo that hemyght knowe noman. 1548 Hai Chron.
113 A very darke night. 1568 Grarton Chron. II. 275 The
gate was closed, because it was at that time darke. 1697
Dryven Virg. Georg. 1v. 354 Lizards shunning Light, a dark
Retreat Have found. 1752 Jounson Rambler No, 198 P 10
‘The room was kept dark. 1861 Fito. NIGHTINGALE Nursing
24 People lose their health in a dark house. 1875 J. C.
Wicocks Sea Fisherman 190 They will bite when it is so
pitchy dark that you cannot see to bait your hook.
+b. A dark house or room was formerly con-
sidered a proper place of confinement for a mad-
man; hence to eep (a person) dark, to keep him
confined in a dark room. Obés.
1590 Saks. Com. Err. wv. iv. 97 Both Man and Master is
possest .. They must be bound and laide in some darke
roome, 1600 — A, Y. L. 11. ii. 421 Loue is meerely a mad-
nesse, and..deserues as wel a darke house, and a whip, as
madmen do. 1601 — All's Well w. i. 106 Till then Ile
keepe him darke and safely lockt. 1630 Massincer Revne-
gado ww. i, He..charged me To keep him [a madman] dark,
and to admit no visitants. 1687 JEFFERIES in Jagd. Coll.
(Oxf. Hist. Soc.) 6x This man ought to be kept in a dark
room. Why do you suffer him without a guardian?
e. Of luminous bodies: Dim; invisible. Dark
moon = dark of the moon; + dark star (see 1594).
@ 1123 O. E. Chron. an. 1106 Se steorra etywde innon beet
sudwest he was litel zepuht and deorc. 1551 REcORDE
Cast. Knowl. (1556) 272 They .. that be called Cloudy
starres : and a lesser sorte yet named Darke starres. 1594
Biunpevit E-rerc. ut. 1. xxiii. (ed. 2 328 Besides these, there
be fourteene others [stars], whereof five be called cloudy, and
the other darke, because they are not to be seene but of
a very quick and sharpe sight. 1653 in Picton L’fool
Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 192 Two lanthorns .. everie night in
y° dark moone be sett out at the High Crosse. 1860 Bart-
Lett Dict. Amer., Dark moon, the interval between the old
and the new moon. ;
2. Of clouds, the sky, etc.: Reflecting or trans-
mitting little light; gloomy from lack of light,
sombre.
c 1000 Ags. Ps. Ixviii. [Ixix.] 14 Ado me of deope deorces
weteres. c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 441/365 Pat lodlokeste
weder pat mi3hte beo. . Swart and deork and grislich. c 1325
E. E, Allit, P. B. 1020 Pe derk dede see hit is demed euer
5*
DARKE,
more. 1460 CAPGRAVE Chron. 152 A wedyr so dirk and so
eed ia mae memeeed to Chance geoekt ‘alle.
Witsrorp Natures Secrets 100 Cloudy and dark ‘
1711 Appison Sfect. No. 1% ? 8 Those dark Clouds which
cover the Ocean. = F, Gorpon-Cummine in Gd.
Words 133/2 A deep Ss eae ened
3. Of the ordinary colour of an object: Approach-
ing black in hue.
1382 Wyc.ir Lev. xiii. 6 If more derker were the
not waxed in the skynne.. it isascab. c1400 Lan-
Sranc’s Cirurg. 181 If be colour of his bodi be derk ouper
blac. 1606 Suaxs. 77. § Cr. 1. i. 41 And her haire were not
somewhat darker than Helens. 1 Soutney Yoan of
Arc v.27 Her dark hair floating on the morning gale. 1800
tr. Lagrange's Chem. 11. 88 Two liquors, one of which has
a dark and almost black colour. 1873 Act 36-7 Vict. c.85
§ 3 Her name..shall be marked on her stern, on a dark
ground in white or yellow letters. , -
b. Of the complexion : The opposite of fair.
c1400 Rom. Rose 1009 This ladie called was Beaute..Ne
she was derk ne broun, but bright. 1784 Cook Third Voy.
v. iii. (R.), Their complexion is rather darker than that of
the Otaheiteans. 1870 Dickens Z. Drood ii, Mr. Jasper is
a dark man of some six-and-twenty.
ce. Prefixed, as a qualification, to adjectives of
colour: Deep in shade, absorbing more light
than it reflects; the opposite of /ight. (Usually
hyphened with the adj. when the latter is used
attributively.)
¢1532 Dewes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 909 The rede darke.
1727-46 THomson Summer 11 On the dark green
1776 WitnerinG Brit. Plants (1796) 1V. 148 Stem hollow, .
dark mouse or almost black below. _ 1810 Scott Lady of L.
u. xxv, The bound of dark-brown doe. 1846 MeCuttocu
Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) 1. 223 The sheep. .many are grey,
some black, and a few of a peculiar dark buff colour. 1863
M. L. Wuatety Ragged Life Egypt xvii. 163 Clad in the
ordinary dark-blue drapery.
IT. fg.
4. Characterized by absence of moral or spiritual
light ; evil, wicked ; also, in a stronger sense, char-
acterized by a turpitude or wickedness of sombre
or unrelieved nature ; foul, iniquitous, atrocious.
axo000 Satan 105 (Gr.) Feond seondon rede, dimme, and
deorce. c¢1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke xi. 34 3if pin eaze .. byd
deorc eall pin lichama byd pystre. 1377 Lanai. P. P/. B.
x1x, 21 Alle derke deuelles aren adradde to heren it [pe name
of ihesus}]. _ 1393 Gower Conf. I. 63 Semende of light
they werke The dedes, whiche are inward derke. 1593
Suaks., Rich. //, 1. i. 169 My faire name ..To darke dis-
honours vse, thou shalt not haue. /d7d. v. ii. 96 Thou fond
mad woman Wilt thou conceale this darke Conspiracy?
1663 J. Srencer Prodigies (1665) 335 We shall find these
consecrated weapons of infinite more force against the
powers of the Dark Kingdom. 1732 Pore Ef. Bathurst 28
It [gold] serves what life requires, But, dreadful too, the
dark Assassin hires. 1 Mary Wottstonecr. Rights
Wom. v. 239 Sometimes displaying the light and sometimes
the dark side of their character. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng.
I. 166 Associated in the public mind with the darkest and
meanest vices. 1852 Miss YoncEe Cameos II. xx. 216 A dark
tragedy was preparing in the family of King Robert.
5. Devoid of that which brightens or cheers;
gloomy, cheerless, dismal, sad.
a1000 Wanderer 89 (Gr.) Se dis deorce lif deope zeond-
pencep. 1592 Suaxs. Rom. & Ful. ut. v. 36 More darke &
darke our woes. 1636 Heytin Satébath u. 141 Then the
times were at the darkest. 1715 De For Fam. /nstruct.
1. i, (1841) II. 5 We don’t see the house is the darker for it.
1818 SHELLEY Rosalind §& Helen 171 So much of sympathy
to borrow As soothed her own dark lot. 1849 Rosertson
Serm. Ser. 1. iv. (1866) 76 To look on the dark side of things.
1888 Bryce Amer. Comm, IIL. xl. go The prospect for such
an aspirant is a dark one. ne
b. Of a person’s disposition, etc.: Gloomy,
sullen, sad.
1596 Suaks. Merch. V.v.i. 87 The motions of his spirit
are dull as night And his affections darke as Erebus. 1705
Appison /taly (J.), Men of dark tempers. 1735 SOMERVILLE
Chase 1. 200 If in dark sullen M The glouting Hound
refuse his wonted Meal. 1862 CartyLe Fredk. Gt, (1865)
III. 1x. x. 178 Ah, ah, you are in low spirits, I see. We must
dissipate that dark humour.
ec. Of the countenance: Clouded with anger or
dislike, frowning.
1599 Suaxs. Ven. § Ad. 182 Adonis..with a heavy, dark,
disliking eye. .cries ‘ Fie, no more of love |" prow (hie
—— 62 Art thou not..A smile amid dark frowns?
1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. iii, 14 The brow of the
young man grew dark. .
6. Obscure in meaning, hard to understand.
ntences.
in Strype Ann. Ref. 1. App. x. 30 This matter is .. darke,
and of great difficultie to be.. playnlye discussed. 1626
Bacon Sylva § 103 The Cause is dark, and hath not been
rendred mg 1687 R. L’Estrance Answ. Dissenter
He's a little Dark in this P. ; but the Change
One Word will make him..Clear. 1866 Arcyi. Reign Law
vi. ier) These may seem far-fetched illustrations, and
of slight value in so dark a subject.
. Obscure in name or fame; little known or
regarded. Ods.
1374 Cnaucer Boeth. m. ix. 83 What demest pou. .is bat
a dirke ping and nat noble pat is suffisaunt reuerent and
my3ty. 1551 Turner Herda/1, Prol. Aiija, 1 .. darker in
name, and farr vnder these men in knowledge. 1877-1
Ho insuep Chron, III. 1221/1 She hath made hir counce!
of poore, darke, beggerlie fellows.
34
c. Obscure to ‘the mind’s eye’, or to memory ;
Cowrrr On Biogr. Brit. 8 Names ignoble, born to be forgot
~ dark oblivion soon absorbs them all. 18:0 Scorr Lady
of L. m, i, The verge of dark eternity.
7. Hidden from view or knowledge; concealed,
secret. 70 keep dark: to keep secret (collog.).
1605 Suaks. Lear 1. i. 37 We shal caaen ue dels dae
pose. . Know, that we haue diuided In three our Kingdome.
1681 Crowne Hen. V/, u. 14 By your passions I read all
your natures, Though you at other times can keep ‘em dark.
186 Dickens Gt. £-xfect. |, He hid himself .. kept himself
dark, 1888 f: Payn Myst. Mirbridge xxiii, She kept it
dark about the young lady who was staying with her.
b. Of a person: Secret; silent as to any matter ;
reticent, not open, that conceals his thoughts and
designs.
1675 Otway Alcibiades u. i, But use such secrecy as
stolen Loves should have, Be dark as the hush’d silence of
the grave. 1706 J. Locan in Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem. X. 145
He is exceedingly dark and hidden, and thoughts work in
his mind deeply without communicating. Porg £ fit.
Sat. u. 131 And Lyttelton a dark, designing knave. 1846
Prescott Ferd. & /sab. 1. ii. 125 The dark, ambiguous
character of Ferdinand. 1885 Century Mag. XXX. 380/2
Of course, I'll keep as dark about it as possible.
8. Of whom or which nothing is generally known;
about whose powers, etc., the public are ‘in the
dark’. .
Dark horse (Racing slang), a horse about whose racing
powers little is known ; hence /ig.a candidate or competitor
of whom little is known or heard, but who unexpectedly
comes to the front. In U.S. Politics, a person not named
as a candidate before a convention, who une: edly
receives the nomination, when the convention has failed to
agree upon any of the leading candidates.
1831 Disracit Vag. Duke v. (Farmer), A dark horse
which had never been thought of .. rushed t the gran
stand in sweeping triumph. 1860 Sat. Rev. IX. 593/1
A Headship. .often given by the College conclaves to a man
who has judiciously kept himself dark. 1865 Sketches
Jrom Camb, 36 (Hoppe) Every now and then a dark horse
is heard of, who is supposed to have done wonders at some
obscure small college. 1884 in Harper's Mag. Aug. 472/1
A simultaneous turning toward a ‘dark horse’. 1885 Brresr.
Hore in Pall Mall G. 19 Mar. 10/1 Two millions of dark
men. . whose ae and stupidity could hardl oy mag
1888 Boston (Mass.) Frnd. 19 Teed 5/4 Thata i tee se is
likely to come out of such a complicated situation as this is
most probable. 1891 N. Goutp Double Event 8 When he
won the Regimental Cup with Rioter, a dark horse he had
specially reserved to discomfort them. 1893 Standard
17 Apr. 6/6 Irish Wake, a ‘dark * son of Master Kildare.
9. Not able to see; partially or totally blind ;
sightless. Ods. exc. dial.
1382 Wyciir Gen. xlviii. 1o The eyen forsothe of Yrael
weren derke for greet eelde, and cleerli he my3te not se.
14.. Stacyons of Rome 321 in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866)
124, | may se now bat ere was derke. 1576 FLeminc Panofi.
Epist. 242 So farre foorth as my dimme and darke eyesight
is able to pearce. 1658 RowLanp reg Theat. Ins. 1008
Some there are, that cure dark sights by reason of a Cata-
ract. 1768 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 203/1 Mr. Bathom has been
totally dark for seven years. 1806 Med. Frni. XV. 152 His
other eye was nearly quite dark, 1875 Lance, Gloss., Dark,
blind. ‘Help him o'er th’ road, poor lad, he’s dark.’
10. Void of intellectual light, mentally or spirit-
ually blind; unenlightened, uninformed, destitute
of knowledge, ignorant.
¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth, 11. ii. 67 Of whiche men pe corage
alwey..seekep be souereyne goode of alle be it so pat it 4
be 2 a derke memorie. 1513 Brapsuaw St. Werburge
cclxxxviii. Balade i, To be ined by my rud all
derke. @1668 Denuam (J.), The age wherein he liv'’d
was dark. Mitton ?. ZL. 1. 22 What in me is dark
Illumine, what is low raise and support. 1688 SHADWELL.
Sgr. Alsatia wv, 1 am not so dark neither; I am sharp, shar,
asa oaneesy Tid cb ger higbec Ess. bi 1795 IV. 15 If
you oppose his principles .. he su s that you are quite
dark. 1837 J. Fr Newman Proph. Office Ch. vn Anglican
divines will consider him still dark on certain other points of
Scripture doctrine. [See also Dark Ages in 13.)
“| 11. Sometimes two or more fig. senses are
combined, as in the Dark Continent = Africa.
1878 H. M. Stanzey (¢#¢/e), Through the Dark Continent.
1890 — (¢itde), Through Darkest Africa. 1891 Boorn (¢it/e),
In Darkest England, and the way out.
12. quasi-adv, a. In a dark manner, darkly.
1600 Suaks. A. Y. ZL. m1. v. 39 Beauty .. I see no more in
Then without Candle may goe darke to bed. 18ar
oaNNA Baitue Met, Leg., Ld. Fohn xv, Then dark lower'd
the baron’s eye. 1865 Sketches from Camb. 36 A man may
choose to run dark, and may astonish his friends in the
=< haa of the mathematical tripos. [Cf. dark horse
in
18. Comb. a. adverbial, as dark-closed, -em-
browned, -flowing, -glancing, -rolling, -working ;
b. parasynthetic, as dark-bosomed, -browed,
-coloured, -complextoned, -eyed, -haired, -hearted
(hence -heartedness), -leaved, -minded, -skinned,
ost . alg a ee
1 ANIEL tra 1718) 2 ‘emesis’
from *darkelosd Pterity . ve! t é Work’ Disorders ae
escry. tT HO! iN lossy
black ; and intron! oi . "7068 Lv. House tee
80 The *dark-flowing hours I breast in fear. 1812 Byron
Ch. Har. 1. lix, Match me those Houries..With Spain’s
*dark-glancing a 4 Mrs. Hemans Poems,
Guerilla Leader's Vow, Through the *dark-rolling mists
they shine. 1853 Hickie tr. Aristoph. (1872) Tl. 603
DARK.
O, *dark-shining dusk of night. Tennyson Lancelot §
Elaine 337 The before her lived, * 1590
Suaxs. Com. Err. 1. ii. 99 *Darke working
Bw By hd gall Chad of Tatts (atas)
sea Rs. Norton
pa
2 1 t on. .m: -
30 HL Dann Bef: Must ny A delicate,
*dark woman. Suaxs. Lear u. i.
night. 1814 Byron
BLAS
Corsctr ms. i a Gietia baeesd bintts tnt ‘dest'a.
* -haired . 31862 M. Horxins Hawaii
In the time San Ciak heartaee bn
I. 1. 61 Forty *dark-hulled Locrian Boe 1861 Miss
Pratt Flower. Plants V. 105 The *Dark-leaved Sallow.
1795 Soutuey Yoan of Arc vi. 618 *Dark-minded man!
1742 Younc Nt. Th. ii. 344 Quite wingless our desire,
In sense * -prison’d. ax600 Hooker £ccl. Pol. Pref.
§ 3 The *dark-sighted man is directed by the cleere about
things visible. 1701 Lond. Gaz. No. 3754/8 Missing ..
Elizabeth Benson. .dark-brown Hair'd. valicile dark sighted.
1885 Manet Coins Prettiest Woman ix, The *dark-
skinned Russian women had made a hero of him. 1
Mitton Comtus 129 Goddess of nocturnal sport, *Dark-
veiled Cotytto, 1613-39 I. Jonrs in Leoni Pal/adio's Archit.
(1742) LI. 50 Light-vein'd Marble. .*dark-vein'd, ditto.
ce. Specialized comb. or phrases: dark ages, a
term sometimes applied to the period of the Mid-
dle Ages to mark the intellectual darkness charac-
teristic of the time; dark box (Photogr.), a box
totally excluding light, used for storing plates, etc. ;
dark chamber, +(@) a camera obscura (o0és.) ;
(6) Photogr. = dark-room; + dark-closet, dark
glasses (see quots.); dark-house (see 1b); + dark
light = Deap-LIGHT 1; dark-room (Photogr.),
a room from which all actinic rays of light are
excluded, used by photographers when dealing
with their sensitized plates: see also 1b; dark
slide (Photogr.), the holder for the sensitized
plate; +dark tent, a camera obscura; dark-
well, an arrangement in a microscope for forming
a dark background to a transparent object when
illuminated from above.
(1687 Burnet 77av. 1. 11 There is an infinite number of
the Writers of the *darker Ages) 1730 A. Gorvon Maffei's
Amphith. 398 A Theatre. .called so in the dark Ages, when
such Names were given at random. 1837 Hattam Hist.
Lit.1. § 5 Gregory I..the chief authority in the dark ages.
1857 Buckte Civiliz. I. ix. 558 During these, which are
rightly called the Dark Ages, the ane were supreme.
1887 Brit. Frnl. Photogr. 11 Nov. 713/2 Wind them on to
rollers to be put into journal bearings in a *dark box. 1726
Leon Designs 3b, Ward-robes or Cup-boards, which by
a new name in the Art are called Davi-cinests, 1867
Smytu Sailor’s Word-bk., * Dark glasses, shades fitted to
instruments of reflection for preventing the bright rays of
the sun from hurting the eye of the observer. 1683 Robin
Conscience 278 in S. Lond. Prent. (Percy) 80 But, when
the shop-folk me did spy, They drew their *dark light
instantly. 1820 Scoressy Acc. Arctic Reg. U1. 452 We..
caulked the dark-lights. 1841 Specif. Claudet's Patent No.
9193- 3 [Red light) allows the operator to see how to perform
the work without being obliged..to remain in a “dark
room. 1852 Sfecif. Newton's Patent No. 179 A us
for takin otographic pictures without the use of a dark
room, 1 W. K. Burton Mod. Photogr. (1892) 21 To
purchase a ‘dark-room lamp’ from a photographic a: tus
dealer. 1887 Brit. Frni. Photogr. 11 Nov. 717/1
Stebbing exhibited a_metal *dark slide. 1706 Prius
(ed. Kersey), "Dark Tent, a Box made almost like a Desk,
with Optick Glasses, to take the P: of any Building,
Fortification, Landskip, etc. 1867 J. Hoce Microsc. 1. ii. 83
The use of a set of *dark-wells.
Dark (daik), s+. Forms: 4-5 derk(e, 5 dirk,
6 darcke, 6-7 darke, 6- dark. [f. Dark a. : cf.
the analogy of /ight sb. and adj.]
1. Absence of light; dark state or condition ;
darkness, esp. that of night.
+ Dark of the moon: time near new moon when
there is no moonlight: cf. dark moon s.v. Dark a. 1c.
a 1300 A’. Horn 1431 He ladde hure bi pe derke Into his
nywe werke. ¢ Mirour Saluacioun 1906 To seke crist
in the derke with Lanternes and with fire brandes.
T, Witson Rhet. (1580) 160 G in the darcke. 1
Row tanps Betraying of Christ Wks. 54 The Sunne was hid,
nights darke approcht 1626 Bacon Sy/va § 276 If you
come suddenly .. out of the Dark into a Glaring Tight the
= is dasaled for atime, 1651 at Cnet (1655 a
43 Sade tet the
and H oe 4 k of the
Moon. C. Jounston Cérysad (1822) 11. 116 He dares
not to Bn; by hi or be a moment alone in the
born..in the dark of the moon, 1830 T'
M iv, To dimple in the dark of rushy coves.
‘b. The dark time ; night ; nightfall.
cxqgoo Destr. Troy 1079 The derke Fp meen ae
a sepe-t ander t e.
aap awe M. W. Montacue Leth ti. 1 Retake we got
tothe foot of the mountain, which was not till after dark.
177 E. Lone Trial of Dog ‘ Porter’, One evening after
dark, 1833 Ht. Martineau Tale of Tyne i. 3 He quitted
the keel .. just at dark. 1868 Morris Zarthly Par. 1. 93
While day and dark, and dark and day went by.
e. A dark place; a place of darkness.
e1400 Destr. ogtt Sot wilt bn the wal Sa Ee:
toa derke, and the lost. 1587 Mirr. Mag., Elstride
ix, Like as you see in darkes, if light aj it way
to that ech man directs his eye. | 1 For Fure Div.
1. 8 Above the fix'd his abode,
eed eae
‘
the God, 1883 S. Lanier
small darks which are
dungeons,
DARK.
2. fig. (A leap in the dark: see Leap.)
¢1369 Cuaucer Dethe Blaunche 609 To derke is turned
all my lighte. a1g4x Wvatr Penit. Psalms li. The Author
iv, Light of Grace that dark of sin did hide.
3. Dark colour or shade ; sfec. in Art, a part of
a picture in shadow, as opposed to a light.
1675 A. Browne Ars Pict. 90 Ever place light against
dark, and dark against light. 1715 J. Ricuarpson 7%.
Painting 112 A Picture sometimes consists of a Mass of
Light .. sometimes .. of a Mass of Dark at the bottom,
another Lighter above that. 1821 Craic Lect. Drawing
iii. 153 A light is made brighter by being opposed to a dark.
1855 Ml. Arnoip Poems, Mycerinus 119 The palm-tree plumes
that roof’d With their mild dark his grassy banquet hall.
1860 Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. 1x, viii. 287 His lights are not
the spots, but his darks.
b. fig. A dark spot, a blot.
1637 Suirtey Lady of Pleas. 1. i, Had not the poet been
bribed to a modest Expression of your antic gambols in ’t,
Some darks had been discovered.
4. The condition of being hidden from view, ob-
scure, or unknown; obscurity. J the dark: in
concealment or secrecy.
1628 Fertuam Resolves 1. xlii. 127 Vice .. ever thinks in
this darke, to hide her abhorred foulnesse. 1643 Sir T.
Browne Relig. Med. u. § 4, 1 am in the dark to all the
world, and my nearest friends behold me but in a cloud.
@ 1732 Atterbury (J.), All he says of himself is, that he is
an obscure person ; one, I suppose..thatisin the dark. 1888
Bryce Amer. Comm. ILI. xcvi. 342 note, Such legislation
. -is usually procured in the dark and by questionable means.
+b. Obscurity of meaning. Ods.
1699 Benttey Phal. 175 The Threat had something of
dark in it. :
5. Jn the dark: ina state of ignorance; without
knowledge as regards some particular fact.
1677 W. Hussarp Narrative u. 47 As to what hapned
afterward, we are yet much in the dark. 1690 LockE
Hum. Und. u. xxii. § 28 If here again we enquire how
this is done, we are equally in the dark. 1782 Cowrer
Mutual Forbearance 9 Sir Humphrey, shooting in the
dark, Makes answer quite beside the mark. 1791 Burke
Corr. (1844) III. 185, I am entirely in the dark about the
designs .. of the powers of Europe. 1802 M. EpGewortu
Morad T. (1816) 1. xix. 165; I hope you will no longer keep
me in the dark. 1876 GLApsTONE in Contemp. Rev., June 2
We seem to be..in the dark on these. .questions.
Dark (daik), v. arch. ordial._ Forms: 4 durk,
4-6 derke, 4-7 darke, 5-6 dirke, 6 dirk, 6-
dark. [f. Dark a.]
+1. zztr. To become dark; = Darken 1. Of
the sun or moon: To suffer eclipse. Ods.
[cxoso Suppl. Ailfric’s Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 175 Crepus-
culum, tweoneleoht, wed deorcung.] c1340 Cursor MM.
16749 (Trin.) Fro penne hit derked til be mone : ouer al the
world wide. 1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 1, vi, The euening
begon for to dirke. 1485 Caxton Chas. Gi. 211 In the
same yere the mone derked thre tymes. a1 SKELTON
Col. Cloute 196 When the nyght darkes. 1 H. Crap-
HAM Briefe Bible u. 172 Sun darks, Starres fall, the Moone
doth change her hue. 1606 Suaxs. 77, § Cy. v. viii. 7 With
the vaile and darking of the Sunne.
Jig. 1400 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 236 Vnder sleupe
dake pe loue of holinesse.
+2. trans. To make dark; =DAaRKEN 6. Oés.
c1300 Beket 1417 Overcast heo is with the clouden..
Whar thurf the churchen of Engelonde idurked beoth
echon. 1382 Wycuir 1 Kings xviii. 45 Heuenes ben derkid.
c1477 Caxton ¥ason 29b, The ayer was derked and
obscured with the quarels and arowes and stones. c 1500
Not-Browne Mayd 32 My somers day in lusty may is
derked before the none. 1530 Parser. 506/2 What thyng
hath darked this house .. me thynke they have closed up
lyvers wyndowes. 1634 Mitton Comus 730 The winged
air darked with plumes. 1715 Ramsay Eclipse of Sux ii,
No cloud may hover in the air, To dark the medium.
b. To cloud, dim, obscure, hide (something
luminous).
¢ 1380 Wycuir Sed. Wks. Il. 406 Pe sunne mai be derkkid
heter bi fumes pat shal cleer erpe. c1489 Caxton
Blanchardyn xx. 62 That derked the lyght of the sonne.
1557 Zottell’s Misc. (Arb.) 269 The golden sunne doth
darke ech starre. 1592 ConsTABLE Sonn. i. viii, The
shadie woods seeme now my sunne to darke. 18.. Mrs.
BrowninG Soul's Trav. 112 Though we wear no visor down
To dark our countenance. 1850 — Poems II. 5 The up-
lands will not let it stay To dark the western sun.
+3. To darken in shade or colour. Ods.
¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 1. i. 5 The wiche clopes a derkenes
of a forleten and dispised elde had duskid and dirkid.
1573 Art of Limning 5 Orpyment may be..darked with
Oker de Luke.
+4. To darken (the eyes or vision); to blind.
“it. and Lig. Obs.
_ €1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 1. i. 7, 1 of whom pe sy3t plonged
in teres was derked. c tr. De Imitatione ut. xxxviii,
In many be eye of intencion is dirked. 1508 Fisner Wks.
(1876) 305 Her syght should haue be derked. 1526 Piler.
Perf Ww de W. 1531) 10b, He wyll blynde thy reason &
derke thy conscyence, . Wenn veat, Sinf,
Men ix. 40 The Sun. .darkes e eyes.
+b. intr. To be or become blind. Ods.
Lypc. Bochas 1. iv. (544)
-- Derked their renoune by forgetfulnes. 1
in S Ann. Ref, I. vi. 100 And shortly [sl
Jesus be utterly forgotten, and darked as much..as in the
time of Papistry. 1579 Spenser Sheph. Cal. Feb. 134 Thy
wast bignes but cumbers the ground, And dirks this bes ty
of my blossomes rownd. 1 Suaks, Per, iv. Prol. 35
35
Marina gets all praises. . This. .darks In Philoten afl grace-
ful marks, 1647 H. More Song of Soul Ded. 4 Nor can
ever that thick cloud..dark the remembrance of your
pristine Lustre. 1818 Scott H7rt. of Mid. xviii, One woman
is enough to dark the fairest plot that ever was planned.
+6. zutr. To lie in the dark, to lie hid or unseen.
1300 Cursor M. 25444 (Cott.) In hope i durk and dare.
ex350 Will. Palerne 17 Pe child ban darked in his den
dernly him one. 1398 REVISA Barth. De P. R. xvi. clii.
(1495) 704 Abowte hegges lurkyth and derkyth venemouse
wormes. c1400 Destr. Troy 13285 Folis .. pat heron the
melody [of the Sirens]. .derkon euon down on a depe slomur.
1447 BokEeNHAM Seyntys (Roxb.) 218 Darkyng in kavys and
Srey ye . ae sos ae .
7. intr. To listen privily and insidiously. dad.
1781 J. Hurron Zour Caves Gloss., To dark for betts,
to hearken silently which side the opinion is of. 1825
Brocxer NV. Country Wds., Dark, to listen with an in-
sidious attention. 1855 Roxsinson Whitby Gloss., Dark,
to listen, to pry into. ‘They dark and gep for all they
can catch.’ [Also in Glossaries of Holderness, Mid-Yorks.,
Cumbrld., Lonsdale.)
Hence Darked ///. a., Darking vd/. sb.
cxogo [see 1]. c1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy Prol., Dyrked
age. axsq4x Wyatt Compl, Absence of his Love, My darked
pangs of cloudy thoughts.
Darken (dask’n), v. Forms: 4 derkn-en,
darkn-en, derkin, 4-5 durken, 5 dyrkyn, 6
dirken, -in, darcken, 6- darken. [f. Dark a.:
see -EN szffix 5, Cf. OHG. tarchanjan under
Dark a. Not very common in ME.; in later
times it has taken the place of Dark v.]
I. intransitive.
1. To grow or become dark, said esf. of the
coming on of night. (Sometimes with dowz2.)
at Cursor M. 24414 (Cott.) Pe aier gun durken [v.”. to
derkin] and to blak. 13.. Thrush & Night. 4 in Relig.
Axntig. I. 241 The dewes darkneth in the dale. 173x Pore
7 Burlington 80 Behold Villario’s ten years’ toil complete,
is Quincunx darkens, his Espaliers meet..And strength
of Shade contends with strength of Light. 182: SuELiry
Prometh, Unb, 1. 257 The Heaven Darkens above. 1863
Hawrtuorne Old Home, London Suburb (1879) 239, The
chill. .twilight of an Autumn day darkening down.
b. To become obscure. (With efor, from.)
1722 Wo.taston Relig. Nat. ix. 209 When yonder blue
regions and all this scene darken upon me and goout. 1848
Lytton Harold 1. i, The vision darkens from me.
+2. To lie dark, lie concealed; to lurk privily
after. Cf. Dark v. 6. Obs.
c1420 Anturs of Arth. v, Alle dyrkyns [v. 7. durkene,
darkis] the dere, in the dym scoghes. 1508 Dunbar A/ariit
Wem. & Wedo 9g, I drew in derne to the dyk to dirkin eftir
mgr F :
. To become blind. Zi. and fig.
1580 Hottysanp 7veas. Fr. Tong s.v. Entrecharger,
My sight diminisheth, darkneth, or waxeth darke, 181
Suetiey Q, Mab 149 Man.. Shrank with the plants an
darkened with the night.
4. To become dark in shade or colour.
1774. Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) 11. 234 The complexions
of different countries .. darken in proportion to the heat of
their climate. 1858 HawtHorne Fr. § /t. Frnls. 11. 39
A bright angel darkening into what looks quite as much like
the Devil. 1883 Hardwich's Photogr. Chem. (ed. Taylor)
248 Such papers darken in the sun.
5. To grow clouded, gloomy, sad; esp. of the
countenance: to become clouded with anger or
other emotion.
1742 Younc N#. Th. viii. 97 Where gay delusion darkens
to despair! x Mrs. Rapcurre /taliax xii, ‘Do you
menace me?’ replied the brother, his countenance darkening,
1824 Scott Redgauntlet ch. xvii, His displeasure seemed to
increase, his brow darkened. 1850 HawtHorNe Scarlet L.
iii, His face darkened with some powerful emotion.
Il. transitive.
6. To make dark, to deprive of light; to shut
out or obstruct the light of. Also fig.
31382 Wycuir Jsa. xiii, 10 Al to-derkned is the sunne in
his rising. c1535 Dewes Jutrod. Fr. (in Palsgr. 951), To
darken, obscurer. 1 Even Decades 245 The heauen
is seldome darkened with clowdes. 1613 Suaxs. Hex.
VITIZ, 1. i, 226 Whose Figure euen this instant Clowd puts
on, oy Darkning my cleere Sunne. 1667 Mitton P. Z.1.
sor When Night darkens the Streets. 1768 STeRNE Set.
FYourn. (1775) I. 15 (Calais), 1 perceived that something
darken’d the passage more than myself .. it was effectually
Mons. Dessein. 1847 Tennyson Princess 1v.295 You stood
in aoa own light and darken’d mine. 1862 — /dy//s Ded.
17
ike eclipse, Darkening the world. 1864 — Aylmer’s F.
416 The po ‘That darken’d all the northward of her
Hall. 1874 Lowett Agassiz 1. i, The veil that darkened
from our sidelong glance The inexorable face.
b. Zodarken (a person's) door or doors: emphatic
for to appear on the threshold (as a visitor); usually
with negative (expressed or implied).
1729 FRANKLIN Busy-Body Wks. 1887 I. 341, I am afraid
she would resent it so as never to darken my door again.
1748 Ricnarpson Clarissa Wks, 1883 VIII. 237 If ever my
sister C) darkens these doors again, I never will. 1826
Blackw. Mag. XX. 11/t You are the first minister that
ever darkened these doors. 1842 Tennyson Dora 30 You
shall Fock And snever more darken my doors again.
7. To deprive of sight, to make blind; jig. to
deprive of intellectual or spiritual light.
1548 Upatt, etc. Evasm. Par. Matt. iii. 30 That he
might obscure and darken all men. 1582 N. T. (Rhem.)
Rom. i. 21 Their folish hart hath been darkened. 1611
Biste Ps. lxix. 23 Let their eyes be darkened, that they see
not. 19758 S. Haywarp Sevm. 41 We shall find the under-
standing awfully darkned. 1843 Cartyte Past § Pr.
(1858) 115 His eyes were somewhat darkened.
DARK-LANTERN.
8. fig. To make dark or obscure in meaning or
intelligibility ; to destroy the clearness of.
1548-9 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer, Of Cerem. 35 b, They dyd
more confounde, and darken, then declare .. Christes bene-
fites. 161 Biste Yod xxxviil. 2 Who is this that darkeneth
counsel by words without knowledge? 1674 ALLEN Danger
Enthus. 20 You confound things together which are distinct,
to the darkning of them in your understandings. 1781
Cowrer Hofe 769 They speak the wisdom of the skies,
Which art can only darken and disguise. 1865 KincsLey
Herew. viii, This belief was confused and darkened by
a cross-belief.
9. fig. To cloud with something evil, painful, or
sad; to cast a gloom or shadow over.
1853 T. Witson Xft. (1580) 119 He. .that poisoneth. .and
seeketh to obscure and darken his estimation. 1606 SHaxs.
Ant, & Cl. 1. iv. 11 Euils enow to darken all his goodness.
1611 — Wint. T. ww. iv. 41 With these forc’d thoughts,
I prethee darken not The Mirth o’ th’ Feast. 1781 Gipson
Decl, & F. II. 96 The fame of the apostles. . was darkened by
sslipious fiction. 1829 Lytton Disowned 41 No, I will not
darken your fair hopes. 1883 S. C. Hatt Retrospect II.
138 Domestic affliction. .darkened the later years of his life.
+b. To deprive (a person) of lustre or renown, to
eclipse. Ods.
1606 Suaks. Ant. & Cl. m. i. 24 Ambition (The Souldiers
vertue) rather makes choice of losse, Then gaine which
darkens him. 1607 — Cor. iv. vii. 5 And you are darkned
in this action Sir, Euen by your owne.
O, ‘To make dark in shade or colour.
1717 Pore Eloisa 168 Her gloomy presence Shades ev'ry
flow’r, and darkens ev’ry green. 1821 SHELLEY Ginevra 16
The bridal veil Which .. darkened her dark locks. 1869
E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 90 Organic matter
from the lungs, when drawn through sulphuric acid,
darkens it.
Darkened (dask’nd), ff/. a. [f. prec. +-ED.]
Made dark, deprived of light. @¢. and fe.
1733 Pore Hor. Sat. u. i. 97 The darken’d room. 1856
Dove Logic Chr. Faith v. i. § 2. 268 Darkened and deluded
as Lam. 1871 Morey Voltaire (1856) 241 A generation of
cruel and unjust and darkened spirits.
Darkener (da@3k’no1). [-Er.]
that which darkens.
161x Cotcr., Noircisseur, a blacker. .darkener, obscurer.
1630 Bratuwair Lug. Gentlen, (1641) 5 A great darkener
and blemisher of the .. beauty of the mind. 1776 G. Camp-
BELL Philos. Rhet. (1800) 1.1. it. 47 A sophister or darkener
of the understanding. 1866 Gro. Evior /*, //o/t IL. xxxvii.
48 That feminine darkener of counsel.
Darkening (dauk’nin), v7. sb, [-1nc 1]
1. The action of making or becoming dark.
1584 Bagford Coll, No. 81 If. 20 A great and totall Eclipse,
or darkenyng of the Moone vnto xvi. poyntes. 1677 GiLvin
Demonol. (1867) 348 Necessity can do much to the darkening
of the understanding. 1875 Darwin /msectiv. Pd. vii. 144
The .. darkening or blackening of the glands.
2. Nightfall, dusk. Sc.
1814 Scorr Waz. Ixiii, It’s near the darkening, sir. 1865
Mrs. Cartyte Lett, III. 296 The cock is shut up..from
darkening till after our breakfast.
Da‘rkening, ///.a. [-ING2.] Becoming or
making dark.
1725 Porr Odyss. 1x. 213 A lonely cave .. with dark’ning
lawrels covered o’er. 1800 Herscuet in PAil. Trans. XC.
280 To try an application of the darkening apparatus to
another part of the telescope. 1873 Brack Pr. Thule 6
Peaks .. still darker than the darkening sky.
Darkey : see Darky.
[OE. deorcfull,
One who or
Darkful (da-skfil), a. rare.
f. deorc adj. Dark: see -FUL.] Full of darkness.
azoso Liber Scintill, \xi. (1889) 187 Eall lichama bin
deorcfull byd. 1382 Wycuir Jatt. vi. 23 3if thyn eize be
weyward, al thi body shal be derkful. ¢1470 Henry
Wallace vi. 1182 The nycht was myrk, our drayff the
dyrkfull chance. 1633 T. Apams xf. 2 Peter i. 19 Pagans
have a darkful night. 1875 M*CLettan New Test. 390
The horrible degradation of mankind to a darkful existence.
+ Da‘'rkhede, derkhede. 0ds. Also durc-
hede. [f. Dark a.+-hede, -HEAD.] Darkness.
1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 560 Poru al pe middelerd derkhede
per was inou. c1300 St, Brandax 37 Alo tide of the dai we
were in durchede.
Darkish (daskif), a [f Dark a + -18H.]
Somewhat dark: a. through absence of light.
1557 SackviLLE Mirr. Mag., Induct. ii, The dayes more
darkishe are, 1659-60 Pepys Diary (1879) I. 56 We drank
pretty hard .. till it began to be darkish. 1777 Howarp
Prisons Eng. (1780) 178 The passages are narrow .. and
darkish, 1858 Gen. P. THomrson Andi Alt. II. Ixxvi. 29
A state of darkish twilight.
b. in shade or colour.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. x1x. xxiii. (1495) 877 Matere
that is dymme and derkysshe and vnpure. 1538 Letanp
Itin. 1V. 124 The..Colour..is of a darkish deepe redde.
1775 Avair Amer. Ind. 6 Their hair is lank, coarse, and
darkish. 1881 C. A. Younc Suz 197 A scarlet ribbon, with
a darkish band across it. 5 :
Hence Da‘rkishness, darkish quality or state.
1583 Gotpinc Calvin on Deut. xc. 556 God held them in
darkishnes, giuing them but a small tast of his Grace.
Da'rk-la‘ntern. A lantern with a slide or
arrangement by which the light can be concealed.
1650 Futter Pisgah w. iii. 45 The pillar of the cloud, the
first and perfect pattern of a dark-lantern, 1680 HickERIN-
Gitt Meroz 27 Vaux is Vaux though he carry a Dark-
lanthorn and wear a Vizard. 1828 Scorr F. W/. Perth v,
Fag Glover. .now came to the door with a dark-lantern in
b. slang. (See quot.)
az17joo B, E, Dict. Cant. Crew, A Dark-Lanthorn, the
Servant or Agent that Receives the Bribe (at Court).
5*—2
DARKLE.
Darkle (da:1k’l), v. [A modern word, evolved
out of the adverb darkling analysed as a pple.
Probably some parallelism to sparkling has been
supposed, See next.
1. intr. To lie darkling; to show itself darkly.
1819 Byron ¥uan u. xlix, The night .. darkled o’er the
faces pale And the dim desolate THACKERAY
Newcomes \xxv, The. . Founder’s Tomb. .darkles and shines
with the most wonderful shadows and lights. Centu
iar. ga The .. fountain ..whose statues and iefs
darkled above and around a silent pool.
b. To lie in the dark, conceal oneself.
ip Sec eng ape D. Duval viii, I remember half-a-dozen
men darkling in an alley.
2. To grow dark.
1823 Byron ¥uan vi. ci, Her cheek began to flush, her
eyes to ee And her proud brow’s blue veins to swell
and darkle. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. II. 1. 330 Cold
and grey, And darkling fast, the waste before her lay. 1880
Howe tts Undisc. Country ix. 129 The houses darkled away
into the gloom of the country.
b. Of the countenance, etc.: To become dark
with anger, scorn, etc.
1800 Moor Ode to Anacreon xvii. Note 7 Now with angry
scorn you darkle, Now with tender anguish sparkle. 1855
Tuackeray Newcomes \xvi. (D.), His honest brows darkling
as he looked towards me. 1886 ///ust. Lond. News Summer
No. 19/2 Peltzer darkling at him with a wicked grin.
8. trans. To render dark or obscure.
1884 [see Darxiinc B. 3]. 1893 National Observer 25
Feb. 370/2 The dramatist .. whose province it is to darkle
and obscure. .
Da:rkless, a. nonce-wd. Free from darkness.
1888 Daily News 29 Sept. 5/1 In summer time the ‘darkless
nights’ are enchanting.
Darkling (dauklin), adv.and a. [ME. darke-
Jing, f. DARK a. + -LING, adverbial formative: cf.
back-ling, flat-ling, grove-ling, half-ling.]
A. adv. In the dark ; in darkness. /¢. and fig.
ar4so Knt. de la Tour 21 She wolde not come in mennis
chaumbres bi night derkelyng withoute candelle. ard
Sipney Arcadia (1662) 379 He came darkeling into his
chamber. 1590 Suaxs. AZids. N. 1. ii. 86 O wilt thou
darkling leaue me? 1633 T. Apams E-xf. 2 Peter ii. 1 Our
lamps. .at last go out, and leave us darkling. 1667 MiLTon
P. L. ut. 39 The wakeful Bird Sings darkling, and in shadiest
Covert iad Tunes her nocturnal Note. 1712 STEELE Sect.
No. 406 ® 7 Darkling and tir’d we shall the Marshes tread.
1813 Scott Rokeby. xxvi, Wilfrid is. destined, darkling, to
pursue Ambition’s maze by Oswald's clue. 1859 TeNNysoN
Vivien 732 He. .darkling felt the sculpttred ornament.
B. pres. ie and a. [the ending being con-
founded with the -zvg of participles. ]
1. Being, taking place, going on, proceeding, etc.
in the dark.
1763 SHENnstone Upon Riddles in Dodsley Coll. Poems
(1782) V. 64 Ye writers..O spare your darkling labours !
1794 Hurvis 7vars Affect. 58 Thich soars aloft 1s the first
Bieta of morning, and performs A darkling anthem at the
gates of Heav'n.
A single word from God .. is worth a world of darkling
speculations. 1859 G. Merepitn R. Feverel xx, Here like
darkling nightingales they sit. 1863 Mrs. OuieHant Sadene
Ch. xvi, 286 Vhe mother and son hurried on upon their
darkling journey. Beda
2. Characterized by darkness ; lying in darkness ;
showing itself darkly; darksome, obscure.
1739 P. Wuiteneap Manners 3 A doleful tenant of the
darkling Cell. 1855 M. Arnotp Balder Dead ii, And by
the darkling forest-paths the Gods Follow'd. 1865 Gossr
Land & Sea (1874) 20 Another. . brook that breaks out from
its darkling bed beneath dwarf willows.
f: 1795 G. WAKEFIELD pen 4 to Age of Reason, Part Il,
24 To let the sun of your intellect shine out .. for the illu-
mination of us darkling mortals, 18z3 Scott Nokedy v1. xiv,
Darkling was the sense; the phrase And language those of
other days. 1878 Wiite Life in Christ m1. xix. 257 Some
darkling sensation of pleasure or pain.
3. Darkening ; obscuring.
1884 LoweLt Poems, To Holmes, As many poets with
their rhymes Oblivion’s darkling dust o’erwhelms.
4. Darkling-beetle, a black beetle, Blaps mor-
tisaga, living in dark places, as cellars, etc.
1816 Kirsy & Sp. Etomol. (1843).1. 335 Mr. Baker... kept
a darkling beetle (Blafs mortisaga) alive for three years
without food of any kind. 1836-9 Topp Cyc/. Auat. Il.
863/2 The fifth section. .includes..the darkling-beetles.
a‘rkling, sh. nonce-wad. [See -u1nc.] Achild
of darkness; one dark in nature or character.
1773 J. Ross Fratricide 1. My (MS.) Yl catch Th’
impetuous darkling [i.e. Cain] at his first recoil, And tem-
rize his hatred to my wish! /did. 1.175 The morning ..
rought his darkling to the field.
Da‘rklings, adv. rare. [f. DARKLING adv., with
adverbial genitive: cf. backward, -wards, etc.) In
the dark; =DARKLING adv.
a 1656 Br. Hatt Ws. (1837-9) VII. 344 (D.) Idle wanton
servants, who = talk out their candle-light, and then
go darklings to bed. x Burns Halloween xi, To the
iln she then, An’ lins grapit for the bauks. 7
Tait’s Mag. XIV, 11 A kind of pantomime..done dark-
lings in a lawyer’s back shop.
b. At darkiins is used dialectally.
1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirl. 1. 282, I wonder you're
not scared to be with her by your sen at darklins.
+ Darrklong, adv., obs. variant of DARKLING.
[CE. headlong, sidelong.)
1561 T. Hony tr. Castiglione’s Courtyer (1577) M vja, The
two arose and wente to bed dark ia EN &
Wites //ist. Trav. 258 b, Darkelong without al pompe and
ceremonies, buryed in a dunghil. 1620 SueLTon Quix.
| sett purpose very darkely.
1814 Cuatmers Evid. Chr. Revel. x. 285,
36
IV. xiv. 112 Sometimes he went dark-long and without
Light.
Dar: (da-akli), adv. [f. Dark a. + -1Y%.
OE. had deorclice; but the word —- to have
been formed anew in ME.] Ina dark manner or
way. In OE. known only in the /ig. sense ‘darkly
in a moral sense, horridly, foully’.
©1000 Gloss. Prudent. 142 Tetrum, deorclice.
1. In the dark ; in secrecy, secretly.
c1600 SHaks. Sonn. xliii, When I , in d
DARLING.
darknesse as a bride, And hugge it in mine armes. Mod.
The darkness of the tomb. <3 .
5. Gloom of sorrow, trouble, or distress.
c Howett Lett. (1650) I. 142 There is some dark-
ness betwixt the two favourites. 181z SHELLEY
— 's Victim iii. 7 The darkness of d dismay.
. A condition or environment w conceals
from sight, observation, or knowledge ; obscurity ;
concealment, secrecy.
3382 Wyciir Matt. x. 27 That thing that Y say to 30u in
they
[my eyes] look on thee, And darkly bright are bright in
dark directed. 1601 — Ad/’s Well w. iii. 13, I will tell you
a thing, but you shall let it dwell darkly with you. 163
Weever Anc, Fun, Mon. 223 Brad in lieth buried in
the South wall, somewhat darkly. 1845 Hoop /rish
Schoolmaster vi, Tame fi iliar fowls. .sit darkly squatting.
2. With a dark or sombre hue.
1509 Hawes Past, Pleas. xuiv. ii, On his noddle darkely
flamyng Was set Saturne. 1641 Frencu Distiid. v. (1651)
139 Melt it not, onely let it darkly glow. 1794 SourHEy
Sonn. viii, How darkly o'er yon far-off mountain frowns The
gather'd tempest! a1835 Mrs. Hemans Poems, Modern
Greece, The river's darkly-rolling wave. 1843 Mrs. Brown-
inG To Flush iii, Darkly brown thy body is.
3. In a gloomy, frowning, ominous manner.
1594 Suaxs. Rich. JI/, 1. iv. 175 How darkly, and how
deadly dost thou pets! 3601 — Jwel. N. u. i. 4 My
starres shine darkely ouer me. 1814 Byron Corsair 1. ix,
His frown of hatred darkly fell. 1837 HAwTHoRNE Twice
Told 7’.(1851) I. v. 76°The men of tron shook their heads
and frowned so darkly, that the revellers looked up.
4. In an obscure, vague, or mysterious manner.
1377 Lanct. P. /’. B. x. 372 Where dowel is, or dobet
derkelich 3e shewen. c1450 Merlin 53, 1.. will speke .. so
derkly that they shul not vndirstonde what I sey. 1576
Fieminc Panofl. Epist. 213 This booke was .. written of
1840 Mrs. Norton Dream 151
Darkly-worded spells. 1889 Jessorr Coming of Friars i. 3
Because he spoke so darkly, men listened allthe moreeagerly. | ;
| synonym of dark, of vaguer connotation.
c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode u, Iii. (1869) 98 Sum time |
5. With obscure vision ; dimly, blindly.
thou shalt se me thikkeliche and derkliche. 1526 Pi/gr.
Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 185 In this lyfe we se and knowe
god but confusely or derkly, as it were by a glasse. 1732
Pork Ess. Manus. 4 A being darkly wise, and rudely great.
1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 427 Are not we..seeking to
discover that which Socrates in a glass darkly foresaw ?
Darrkly, a. rare. [-LY1: cf. stckly.] Dark-
looking, somewhat dark.
82x Care Vill. Minstr. 11. 52 Sweet tiny flower of
darkly hue.
Da'rkmans. 7vieves’ cant. [f. Dark a.: the
second clement occurs also in crackmans a hedge,
lightmans the day, etc.] The night.
1867 Harman Caveat 85, I couched a hogshead in a |
Skypper this darkemans. 1611 Dekker Roaring Girle
Wks. 1873 II]. 216 With all whom I'le tumble this next
darkmans in the strommel. a 1700 B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew,
Darkmans-Budge .. one that slides into a House in the
Dusk, to let in.. Rogues to rob. 1737 Bacchus & Venus,
Kach Darkmans I pass in an old shady Grove.
Guy M. xxviii, Men were men then, and fought other in the
open field, and there was nae milling in the darkmans.
‘Darkness (da-uknés). [OE. deorcnes, -nys, f.
deorc DARK a. + -nes, -nis, -nys, -NESS.] The
quality or state of being dark.
1. Absence or want of light (total or partial).
a1080 De Vitiis in Liber Scintill. (1889) 228 On pyssere swa
micelre deorcnysse. ¢1320 Cast. Love 1706 Another peyne
they shull have of derknes. ¢ 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. Prol.
95' MS. Gg) And clothede was the flour. . ffor derknesse ofthe |
nyht. 1440 Promp. Parv. 121 Dyrkenesse, obscuritas.
1§08 Fisner Wks. (1876) 50 Bytwene the shynynge lyght |
1667 Mure But
and black derknes. Iitton P. L. 1. 63 No light,
rather darkness visible Serv'd only to discover sights of woe.
1860 TYNDALL Glac. 1. xxy. 188 An aperture through which
the darkness of the chasm was rendered visible.
2. The quality of being dark in shade or colour.
1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 1. i. 5 Pe wiche clopes a darkenes of
a forleten and dispised elde had{de) duskid and dirked.
1413 Lype. Pilgr. Sowle u. lix. (1859) 57 The fyre taketh
smoke and derkenesse of the mater to whichehe is conioyned.
1818 Suetiry Laon xu, xxiii. 7 The glossy darkness of
her streaming hair. 1856 Ruskin Mod. Paint. IV. v. xviii.
§3 Darkness mingled with colour gives the delight of its
depth and power. ;
. Want of sight; blindness.
¢1374 Cuaucer 7roylus wv. 272 Ende I wil as Edi in
derknesse My sorowfull liff. 1568 Turner Hevkal ts. 6
‘The litle filmes that go over the eyes, wherof darknes doth
rise. 31842 TENNYSON Godiva 70 His eyes, before they had
their will, Were shrivell'd into darkness in his head.
Jig. & The want of spiritual or intellectual
light; esp. common in biblical insgery.
Kingdom, power of darkness: the empire of evil. Prince
of darkness: Satan.
1340 Cursor M. 17881 (Trin.)
‘knesse.
Leader under t
Ps The
Wurrtock Z 4qoA
Prince of Darknesse. 1712 Apptson Sfect. ge
of
All that lyue in ignoraunce are called
1
Darkness and Superstition of later Ages. ‘ORDYCE
Serm. Yng. Wom. (1767) 11. viii. 6 The powers of darkness
..concur..in misleading. 1871 Mortry Voltaire (1886) 229
They [the clergy] were. .the incarnation of the average dark-
ness of the hour. F :
b. Absence of the ‘light’ of life ; death.
an
et To that londe of
Suaks. Meas. for M. iu.i. 14 If I must die, 1 will encounter
| constraint Wandring this darksome desart.
| 1848 M
1815 Scorr |
| drudging childhood and youth. a 1845
darksom
» Saye in the lizt. 1543-4 Act 35 Hen. VIII,
oor rhe salts of nacht UMS UDEE ports. ot fa wot
and bishoppes of Rome. 1601 Suaxs. Twed. NV. v. i. 156 To
vnfold, though — we intended To in dark
enesse,
what occasion now 1692 E. Waker £fictetus’
Mor. (1730) *To the Author’, Truth’s still in darkness un-
discovered.
1869 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) III. xii. 2
I found the question wrapped in Sooaes. a a Commer
Monk xiii. 191 This formidable figure that had arisen so
eeaeely with such mystery, this man of darkness
on!
7. Obscurity of meaning.
1553 T. Witson Rhet. (1580) 165 Poeticall Clerkes .. de-
lightyng muche in their owne enesse. a@1568 AscHAM
Scholem, (Arb.) 156 The vse of old des is not the g
cause of Salustes roughnes and darknesse. 1666 Boyte
Orig. Formes & Qual., Apt to ion much dark
and difficulty in our enquiries into the things themselves.
a1715 Burnet Own Time (1823) I. 279 He preached and
prayed often himself, but with so pereier's darkness.
+ Darkship. Ods. nonce-wd. [See-suiv.] The
personality of one who is dark.
1707 E. Warp Hud. Rediv. (1715) u. 7 That his Darkship
[i e. a devil] was unable To terrify an English Rabble.
Darksome (dauiksim), a. [f. DapK sd. +
-SOME: cf. toi/some.]
1. Characterized (more or less) by darkness ;
somewhat dark or gloomy. Now chiefly a poetic
1530 PALsGr. 309/2 Darkesome, tenebreux. 1549-62 STERN-
HoLb & H, Ps. cxxxvi.g And Starres that doe appeare To
guide the darksome night. 1667 Mitton P. L. u.973 By
1718 Rowe tr.
Lucan 35 She seeks the Ly Seb een darksom Hold below.
. ARNoLD Sick King -hara, Alone and in a dark-
some ao Under some mulberry-trees I found A little pool.
2. Somewhat dark in shade or colour; sombre.
1615 G. Sanpys 7rav. 73 He hath a little haire on his
vpper lip .. of a darksom color. 1667 Mitton P. ZL. xu. 185
A darksom Cloud of Locusts swarming down. 1807
Worpsw. White Doe 1. 56 With pine and cedar spreading
wide Their darksome boughs on every side. 1879 Dixon
Windsor |. i. 2 Darksome clump, and antique tower. _
3. fig. a. Characterized by obscurity of meaning.
1574 tr. Marlorat's Apocati~s 1 To the Fathers of olde
tyme, Daniels vision d moste dark 35978 Br.
Hatt Sazé. 1. Prol., Whose words were short, and some
was theirsense. 1626 Bacon Sy/va § 900 Paracelsus and some
darksome authors of Magic. 1838 C. Sumner A/em. & Lett.
| (1878) 1. 379 The darksome notes and memoranda which he
made on the margin of the volumes he read.
b. Characterized by gloom, sadness, or cheerless-
ness.
1649 Roserts Clavis Bibi. ii. 24 All my darksome doubtings
fledaway, 1719 D'Urrey Pills (x872)1¥. 109 It is a darksome
Passion. 1 CariyLe Misc. (1857) 1. 199 is
oop Two Swans
iv, In e fears They weep and pine away.
e. Morally of dark character.
1880 MeCartuy Own Times IV. Ixvii. 532 Some rather
darksome vices. .prove their exi: in the character.
Hence Da‘rksomeness, darkness, obscurity.
1571 Goipinc Calvin on Ps. xviii. 12 Darksomnesse of
water. 1583 — Calvin on Deut. xlii. 248 Let vs not charge
it [God's truth] with darksomenesse. a1642 Sir W. Mon-
son Naval Tracts v. 495/2 The Dar! of the Night.
Darky, darkey (daski). [f. Dark a. + -y,
dim, and appellative : cf. BLAcKY.]
1. The night. slang.
a tees 3 oe here darkey. 1836
eyes and limbs.. "t come a
R. Bussowss Death of Socrates in ‘Rel. Father Prout
Then at dark: waked him in clover.
1812 0: H. Vaux Flash Dict., Darky, a dark lanthorn.
1838 Dickens O. Twist xxi keys, centre-bits,
darkies—nothing ?’ ‘oby. i
8. A negro, a blacky. collog. Also attrib.
. Dana Bef. Mast xxxiii. 129 The darkey tried
to butt him. Ci Mag. XXVII. 132 The manners
of a corn-field 3 19th Cent. Feb. 246 A coffin of
“4 A blind ¥
4. A blind man. dial.
1807 J. Stace Poems 144 A darky glaum'd her by the hip.
Dar (d&alin), sd. and a, Forms: 1-3
deorling, (1 dior-, dir-, dyrling), 1-6 derling,
(4-6 derlinge, -yng(e), 2-4 durling, -yng, 5-6
darlyng(e, 6 darlinge, 6- darling; also 3 deore-
ling, 3-6 dereling, -yng, 4-6 deer(e)ling, -yng,
6-8 dearling, (6 -inge, -yng(e). [OE. déorling,
dierling, deriv. of déor DEAR: see -LING. Thence
ME. dereling, derling, which subseq. became dar-
Zing, as usual with er followed by a consonant ; but
Painter 124 (Farmer) Bless your
the analytical dere-/ing, dear-ling also continued
in use till the 18th c. or later, as a dialectal
or nonce-form.]
1. A person who is very dear to another; the
object of a ’s love ; one dearly loved. Com-
monly used as a term of endearing address.
DARN.
c 888 K, Atrrep Boeth. xxxix. § 10Se godcunda anweald
zefripode his diertinaas v.r. deorlingas]. ¢897 — Gregory's
Past. |. 393 Bi Dauide 62m Godes dirlinge. c1000 A‘Lrric
Hon. (Thorpe) I. 58 (Bosw.) Iohannes se Godspellere,
Cristes dyrling. @ 1200 Moral Ode 385 Crist scal one beon
inou alle his durlinges. cr Will. Palerne 1538 Sweting
welcome ! Mi derworpe derling. 1388 Wyciir Soug Sol. 1.
13 My derlyng is to me a cluster of cipre tre. ?a@1400
Chester Plays 11. 372 And now farewell my darling deere.
1562 J. Heywoop Prov. a (1867) 65 It is better to be
An olde mans derlyng, t a yong mans werlyng. 1583
Sranynurst Zxeis ii. (Arb.) 63 Flee, fle, my sweet darling.
1714 Gay Sheph. Week v. 110 While on her Dearling’s Bed
her Mother sate. 1842 TENNySoN Gardener’s Dau. 272
The idol of my youth, The darling of my manhood. 1859
— Merlin §& V.395 Answer, darling, answer, no.
+b. A favourite, a minion. Ods.
c 888 K. AELrrep Boeth, xxvii. § 2 3if de licode his dysiz..
swa wel swa his dysezgum deorlingum dyde. a 1400-50
Alexander 3442 An ald derling of Darius was duke made
of pers. 1530 Patscr. 213/1 Derlyng, a man, signon.
bg Hatt Chron. (1809) 219 The Quenes dearlynge
William Duke of Suffolke. 1579 J. Srusses Gaping Gulf
E viij, The king. .had like to haue marred al, by lauishing
out a word hereof to one of hys deerelyngs. a@ 1719
Appison (J.), She became the darling of the princess.
ce. The favourite in a family, etc.
¢ 1330 R. BruNNE Chron. (1810) 50 Knoute of his body gate
sonnes bre. . Knoute lufed [Harald] best, he was his derlyng.
1675 Art Contentm. iv. § 9 The most discountenanc’d
child oft makes better proof, than the dearling. x71z
ArsutTunoT Yohn Bull i. ii, John was the darling! He
had all the good bits.
d. One meet to be much loved, a lovable
creature, a ‘ pet’.
1799 Soutury King of Crocodiles u, Six young Princes,
darlings all, Were missing. 1863 Miss Brappon Elvanor's
Vict. (1878) iii. 23 His duty towards those innocent darlings.
1864 Kinestey in Life xxi. (1879) II. 173 With every flock
of sheep and girls are one or two enormous mastiffs .. They
are great darlings, and necessary against bear and wolf.
2. transf. and fig. a. of persons, as the darling
of the gare, etc.
c1205 Lay. 6316 Alfred be king, Englelondes deorling. /did.
25576 Pa spac Angel be king, Scottene deorling. 1548 Upatt,
etc. Lrasm. Par. Luke Pref.8 Wantons and derelynges
of fortune. 1615 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. xxiii. § 36 Augustus
Czsar..when he was a dearling of the Senate. 1639 FULLER
Holy War (1640) 1 A prince so good, that he was styled
the Darling of mankind. 1702 Eng. Theophrast. 193
Fortune turns..every thing to the advantage of her Dar-
lings. 1875 Srusss Cozst. ‘ist. 111, xxi. 508 Henry V was,
e deserved to be, the darling of the nation.
b. of things.
¢ 1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 25 Loue is goddis owne der-
linge. 177 tr. Bullinger’s Decades (1592) 303 Where God
is, there also is Patience his derling which he nourisheth.
1604 Suaks. Oth, 111. iv. 66 Take heede on’t, Make it a
Darling, like your precious eye. 1750G. Hucues Barbadoes
Pref. 1 Then Oratory became their darling. 1870 Emerson
Soc. §& Solit., Work & Days Wks. (Bohn) III. 67 Trade,
that pride and darling of our Ocean.
+3. A name for a variety of apple. Oés.
1586 CoGan Haven Health (1636) 101 The best Apples
.-are Pepins, Costards.. Darlings, and such other.
4. Comb., as darling-like adj. (nonce-wd.).
1873 Browninc Red Cott. Nt.-cap 835 Her figure? some-
what small and darlinglike.
B. adj. (attrib. use of sb.] Dearly loved, very
dear ; best-loved, favourite. a. of persons.
[1s09 Hawes Past. Pleas. xvi. Ixxii, Dyane derlyng pale
as any leade.] 1596 Spenser /. Q. 1v. Prol. v, Dred infant,
Venus dearling dove. 1667 Mitton P. L. u. 373 His
darling Sons. 1736 W.. Tuompson Efithalamium xiv. 9
Our dearling prince. 1819 SHELLEY Cyclops 246 My darling
little ms jmag 1849 Dickens Dav. Copp. xxxii, My un-
changed love is with my darling child.
b. of things.
¢ 1600 SHAks, Sonn. xviii. 3 Rough winds do shake the
darling buds of May. 1645 Futter Good Th. in Bad T.
(1841) 64 To acknowledge 2] darling faults. 1701 W.Worron
Hist. Rome, Marcus i. 7 Philosophy was his darling Study.
1799 CotertpGe Devil's Thoughts vi, The Devil did grin,
for his darling sin Is pride that apes humility. 1848
Macautay Hist, Eng. 1. 101 A few enthusiasts..were bent
on pursuing. .their darling phantom of a republic.
Hence (xonce-was.) Darling v. ¢vans., to address
as ‘darling’; Da‘rlingly adv.; Da‘rlingness.
1888 Lapy V. Sanpars Bitter Repent. II. ii. 25 They
still darlinged and deared each other as heretofore, especially
in the presence of others. 1873 BrowninG Red Cott. Nt.-
cap 1600 Writing letters daily, duly read As darlingly she
hands them to myself. 1875 — Aristoph. Apol, Wks. XIII.
o Right they named you .. some rich name .. Kallistion ?
habion for the darlingness ?
Darloch, var. of Doruacu.
Darn (dam), v. Forms: 7-8 dern, dearn, 7-
darn; 9 Sc.dern. [Derivation unknown.
The verb appears about 1600, and becomes at once quite
common: it may be that eS eg way of repairing
a hole or rent was then introduced. The form suggests
relationship to Dern (later davz) secret, hidden, and its
verb dern, darn to conceal, put out of sight; but satis-
iba connecting links between the two have not yet
been found. On the other hand the Celtic derivation sug-
gested by Wedgwood is absolutely inadmissible. Wels!
darn * piece, fragment’ has no association with darning or
mending in any way, and the sense ‘ patch’ given by Owen
Pughe is correct only in the sense that a ‘piece’ may be
used to patch. The Welsh darnio hosan would mean ‘to
cut a stocking to pieces’ (with a knife); ‘to darn a stocking’
is creithio hosax. (D. Silvan Evans, and Prof. Rhys.)
trans, To mend (clothes, etc., esp. stockings) by
filling-in a hole or rent with yarn or thread inter-
37
woven so as to form a kind of texture.
done with a darning-needle.)
cx1600 Q. Eliz. Househ. Bk. in Househ. Ord. (1790) 294
The Serjant hath for his fee, all the coverpannes, drinking
towells, and other linen clothe .. that are darned. 1603
Ho tianp Plutarch’s Mor. 783 (R.) For spinning, weaving,
derning and drawing up a rent. 1611 Cotcr., Rentraire
..to draw, dearne, or sow vp a rent in a garment. 1697
Lond, Gaz. No. 3303/4 Breeches darned with Worsted at
the Knees. 1710 STEELE Zatler No. 245 P 2 Four Pair
of Silk-Stockings curiously derned. 1836 Mrs. CarLyLe
Lett. 1. 63 The holes in the stair-carpet all darned, 1881
Besant & Rice Chafpl. of Fleet i. iii. (1883) 135 His grey
stockings were darned with blue worsted. f
absol. 1720 Gay Poems (1745) I. 233, I can sow plain-
work, I can darn and stitch. 1875 Plain Needlework 18
The machine is not yet invented which can patch or darn.
Jig. 1641 Mitton Church Govt. vi. (1851) 128 To dearn up
the rents of schisme by calling a councell.
b. To thread one’s way in and out between
obstacles.
1890 Blackw. Mag. No. 897. 9/1 Lithe bodies .. darning
themselves out and in of the many-coloured seething crowd.
Darn, sé. [f. Darn v.] The act or result of
darning ; a hole or rent mended by darning.
1720 Lond. Gaz. No. 5868/9, 1..Muslin Apron, with a
large Darn in the Bottom. 1851 Beck's Florist 40 Then
she’d..wash my linen, or put a patch here and a darn there.
1879 Miss Birp Rocky Mount. I. 245 One pair of stockings,
Pas a mass of darns that hardly a trace of the original
wool remains.
Darn, var. of DERN a. and v.
Darn, Darnation, Darned, perversions of
Damy, Damnation, DaMNep, in profane use.
(Chiefly U.S.)
1837-40 Harisurton Clockuz. (1862) 29, I guess they are
pretty considerable superfine darned fools. | /d¢d. (1872) 92
Darn it all, it fairly makes my dander rise. 1844 John
Chawbacon ii. in Halliwell Dict. (1865) I. p. xv, I'll be
darn’d if I know. 1848 Lowett Biglow P.1. xiii, Ef you're
arter folks o’ gumption, You’ve a darned long row to hoe.
1861 H. Kincstey Ravexshoe vi. (D.), My boy..was lost
in a typhoon in the China sea; darn they lousy typhoons !
Darned (daind), A//. a. [f Darn v.!] Mended
by darning.
1628 WitHER Lrit. Remeimb.v. 1019 Peec’d, and neatly
dearned. 1838 Dickens O. Twist iv, A suit of thread-bare
black, with darned cotton stockings. 1847 Lp. Linpsay
Chr. Art I. 137 A piece of darned and faded tapestry.
Darnell (dainél). Forms: 4-5 dernel, 5
dernal, -eil, darnelle, -ylle, -ail, 6 dernell, (der-
nolde), 6-7 darnell, -all, 4- darnel. [Occurs also
inthe Walloon dialect of Rouchy, ‘dariedle, ivraie,
loliune temulentune’; ulterior history unknown.]
1. A deleterious grass, Lolium temulentum, which
in some countries grows as a weed among corn.
Known first as the English name for the dodzuiz of the
Vulgate: see CockLe sé,! 2. The grass is now rare in Eng-
land, but appears to have been much more common formerly
when seed-corn was largely imported from the Mediter-
ranean regions, where the weed abounds. It is now held to
be deleterious only when infested by ergot, to which it is
particularly liable.
¢1325 Metr. Hom. 145 Than com his fa, and seu riht thare
Darnel, that es an iuel wede. ¢ 1340 Cursor M, 1138 (Fairf.)
Pate darnel [Cott., Gott. zizanny, Trin. cokul] sal hit
e. xe Wycur Matt. xiii. 25. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 119
Dernel, a wede, zizania, lollinm. 1523 Fitzuers. Husb,
§20 Dernolde groweth vp streyght lyke an hye grasse, and
hath longe sedes on eyther syde the stert. 1572 J. Jones
Bathes Buckstone 5b, Some darnell is crepte in amongest the
good corne. 1605 Suaxs. Lear 1. iv. 5. 1697 Drvven Virg.
Past. v. 56 Oats and Darnel choak the rising Corn. 1742
Lond. & Country Brew. 1. (ed, 4) 10 Darnel is a rampant
Weed and grows much among some Barley, especially in
the bad Husbandman’s Ground. 1799 Jed. Prné. 11. 106
Externally applied, darnel is said to produce anodyne
properties. 1833 Tennyson Poems 3 Then let wise Nature
work her will And on my clay her darnels grow.
b. Sometimes used as a book-name of the genus
Lolium. Red darnel: Rye-grass, L. perenne.
1647 FuLLeR Good Th. in Worse T.(1841) 109 There is
a_ kind of darnel, called lodium murinum. 1794 Martyn
Rousseau’s Bot. xiii. 143 Lolium or Darnel, has a one-
leaved involucre containing one flower only.
2. Loosely ‘ applied to Papaver Rheas, or some
other corn-field poppy ’ (Britten & Holland).
1612 Drayton Poly-o/b. xv. (R.), The crimson darnel
flower, the blue-bottle and gold.
3. fig. Cf. Cocke, Targs.
1444 Pol. Poems (Rolls) 11, 216 Nor of thy tounge be nat
rekkelees, Uttre nevir no darnel with good corn. 1563-87
Foxe 4. §¢ M. (2684) III. sor The detestable darnel of
desperation. 1590 H. Barxow Brief Discov. 3 [Satan]
sowing his darnel of errors and tares of discord amongst
them. a 1640 J. Batt Axszw. to Can ii. (1642) 12 A graine
of good corne in a great deale of darnell.
attrib, 1868 Lower. Under Willows vi, No darnel fancy
Might choke one useful blade in Puritan fields. P
4. attrib., and Comb., as darnel-like adj.
160r Hottanp Pliny II. 144 Darnell floure laid too, with
Oxymell, cureth the gout. c 1620 Z. Boyp Zion's Flowers
(1855) 73, I dizzy am as fed with Darnall seede. 1834 Brit.
Husb. 1. 511 Festuca loliacea, or darnel-like fescue.
Darner (dainax). [-ER.] |
1. One who darns.
1611 Corcr., Rentraieur, a Seamster..or Dearner. 1837
Hr. Martineau Soc. Amer. U1. 149 The humble stocking-
darner, 1841 Lane Arad. Nts. UI. 177--He took [the veil]
forth from the shop, and gave it to the darner,
2. A daming-needle. ree ‘
1882 in CauLFietp & Sawarp Dict, Needlework. -
(This is
DART.
Darnex, darnick, obs. forms of Dorniok.
Darning (da-inin), vd/. sb. [-1nG1.]
1. The action or process of filling up a hole ina
fabric with thread or yarn in interwoven stitches ;
the result of such mending.
1611 Cotcr,, Rentraicture. -adearning. 1720 Lond. Gaz.
No. 5868/9, 1 long Muslin Apron .. the middle flourished
with Sprigs of true Darning. 1882 A/rs. Raven's Tempt.
I. 211 Charity usually did her darnings and mendings in
her own apartment. 1886 B. C. Sawarp in //ousewife 1. iv.
1o9/t To understand grafting, patching, Swiss darning,
ladder darning, and corner darning, as well as plain darning.
Jig. (=‘ Threading’ one’s way in and out.)
1881 Mrs. Hotman Hunt Childr. Jerus. 114 Phoebe..made
her way by a darning process up to. .the official dignitary.
2. Articles darned or to be darned.
Mod. ‘The week’s darning lay on the table.
3. Comb.,as darning-work ; darning-ball, -last,
an egg-shaped or spherical piece of wood, ivory or
other hard substance, over which a fabric is
stretched while being darned; darning-needle,
a long and stout needle used in darning ; darning-
stitch, a stitch used in darning which imitates the
texture of the fabric darned.
rir SuHarress. Charac. (1737) II. 265 The gouty joints
and darning-work..by which, complicated periods are so
curiously strung, or hook’d on, one to another. 1848 Hor.
Situ /dler upon town 54 This case .. containing two
bodkins and a darning needle.
Darnix, darnock, obs. forms of Dornick.
Daroga, darogha (dardwga). Anglo-Lni.
Also 7 daruga, derega, droga, droger, 7-8 de-
roga, 8 darouga. [a. Pers. and Urdi sSy |
daroghah, contr. $4 19 droghah governor, oversecr.]
A governor, superintendent, chief officer, head of
police or excise. Under the Mongols, the Governor
of a province or city, but in later times gradually
degraded.
1634 Sir T. HersertT 7vav. (1638) 132 The Daraguad in
person came. 1662 J. Davies tr. Olearius’ Voy. Ambass.
232 The Baily, or Judge of the City, whom they call
Daroga. 1753 Hanway 7rav. (1762) II. xv. ii. 413 Orders
being given to the darougas. .not to let any one pass. 1815
EvLpPHiInstone Canudbud (1842) II. 265 The Darogha of the
Bazars fixed prices, and superintends weights and measures.
1892 Daily News 19 July 7/3 The official .. sent it off to
Gwalior by a daroga.
Darr, obs. form of Dare v.!
Darraign, -rain(e, -rayne, -rein‘e, -reyne,
etc., var. of DERAIGN Obs.
+Darrei‘n, 2. Old Law. [a. OF. darrain,
derrein (still in various F. dialects drain, darain,
etc. = F. dernier) :—late L. *de-retranus hinder, f.
de retro (whence F. derriére) behind.]
Last, ultimate, final; =DERNIER. Darrein pre-
sentment: the last presentation to an ecclesiastical
benefice (as a proof of the right to present): see
quot. 1760. Darrein resort: =derniter ressort.
[1292 Britton 1v. i, De assise de Dreyn Present. Jbéd.
Iv. xi. § 5 Si le derreyn verdit soit contrarie al premer.]
1555 Act 1 Alary 2nd Sess. c. 5 Any writ of assise of darren
presentment. 1672 W. pe Britaine Jxterest Eng. Dutch
War g War is the darrein resort of every wise and good
Prince. 1760 Burn Eccé. Law I. 26 Darrein presentment
is a writ which lieth, where a man or his ancestor hath
presented a clerk toa church, and afterwards (the church be-
coming void by the death of the said clerk or otherwise)
a stranger presenteth his clerk to the same church, in dis-
turbance of him who had last .. presented. 1833 Act 3-4
Will. 1V, c. 27 § 36 And be it further enacted, That no ..
Writ of Assize of novel disseisin. .Darrein-presentment. .or
Mort d’ancestor. .shall be brought after the Thirty-first Day
of December One thousand eight hundred and thirty-four.
Darse, obs. var. of Dace, a fish.
Darst(e, obs. pa. indic. of Dare v.1
Dart (dart), sé. Also 4-6 darte, 7 Sc. dairt.
[a. OF. dart, accus. of darz, dars, in 15th c. dard
= Pr. dart, Sp. and It. darwo.]
1. A pointed missile weapon thrown by the hand ;
a light spear or javelin; also applied to pointed
missiles in general, including arrows, etc.
131314 Guy Warw.(A.) 3488 Launces, swerdes, and dartes.
c¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 178 A darte was schot to
bem, bot non wist who it schete. c1400 Destr. Troy 10548
Parys cast at the kyng.. Pre darttes. 1535 CoveRDALE
Prov. xxvi. 18 As one shuteth deadly arowes and dartes.
1662 J. Davies tr. Mandelslo’s Trav. u. 156 They use no
other Arms than the Dart, (which they cast..dexterously).
1718 Pore /liad wv. 511 The sounding darts in iron tem-
pests flew. 1840 Tuirtwatt Greece VII. 7 After a short
ss he was killed by a dart from an engine. °
. fig.
1382 Wycuir fh. vi. 16 The firy dartis of the worste
enmye. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. xu. i, Deth with his
darte arest me sodenly. 1664 Evetyn Kal. Hort. (1729)
201 The too Leppecry Scie of the Sun. 1764 Gotpsm.
Trav. 231 Love's and friendship’s finely pointed dart. @ 1839
Praep Poems (1864) II. 259 The lightning’s vivid dart.
e. transf. A kind of eel-spear (see quot. 1883) ;
a needle-shaped piece of caustic used in surgery;
ta representation of a dart or arrow used to mark
direction on a drawing, etc. (ods.) ; the tongue or
spear of flame produced by a blowpipe.
1784 Specif. Watt's Patent No. 1432. 9 The direction of
motion of these. . wheels is shown by the darts. 1816 Accum
DART.
Chem. Tests (1818) 174 Expose it to the flame of a blowpipe
dart. 1876 tr. Ziemssen's Cycl. Med. 1V. 80 Darts of equal
parts of iodine and iodide of potassium with
dextrine and made as fine as Carlsbad needles, are used ..
with success in the treatment of.. hypertrophied tonsils.
1883 G. C. Davies Norfolk Broads xxxi. (1884) 244 The
spear in use on the Antand Thurne is the dart, and is made
with a cross-piece, with barbed spikes set in it like the
teeth of a rake.
2. Zool. An organ resembling a dart: spec. a.
The sting of a venomous insect, scorpion, etc., or
that part which pierces the skin. b. A dart-like
organ in some gastropods, having an excitatory
function (see dart-sac in 8).
1665 Hooke Microgr. 163 The Sting of a Bee..I could
most plainly perceive..to contain in it, both a Sword or
Dart, and the poisonous liquor that causes the pain. 1
Beatriz Miustr. 1.x, It poisons like a scorpion’s dart. 186
Hawrtnorne Maré. Faun xx, His [a demon’s] scaly tail,
with a poisonous dart at the end of it! 186x Hume tr.
Moquin-Tandon u. uu. ii. 84 Their [snails’] generative
organs .. contain a copulative pouch, the dart enclosed in
asac. 1888 Rotteston & Jackson Anim. Life 118. /bid.
481 Some Pudmonata and certain species of Doris possess
a dart, attached in the former to the female, in the latter to
the male, duct. . moore
3. Dress-making. A seam joining the two edges
left by cutting a gore in any stuff.
1884 Dress Cutting Assoc. Circular, Yo sew the Darts (or
Breast Plaits) commence at the top, holding both edges
even for one inch. 1893 [Weddon’s Ladies’ Frui. XIV.
252/3 The shape is fitted with hip darts.
4. A name for the snake-like lizards of the genus
38
Trav. 51 Akind of headed Pike, which they dart with
exactness. 1770 GHORNE Plutarch (1879) 1. 426/1
e bound it fast to a javelin, and darted it over. 1839
T. Beate Sferm Whale 161 They «. sometimes get near
enough to dart the harpoon. ;
3. transf. and fig. To send forth, or emit, sud-
pars and sharply; to shoot out; to cast (a glance)
‘am. Shr. v. ii. 137 Dart not
scornefull glances from those eies. 1634 Sir T. Hersert
Trav. (1638) 171 The Sunne darted his outragious es
so full upon us. 1676 Phil. Trans. X1. 680 (Fire engine)
‘The water issuing out of the tube that darts it. 1
Bosman Guinea (1721) 246 The Camelion .. when a Fly
comes in his way. gio out his Tongue with utmost Swift-
ness. 1784 Cowrer 7ask u. 720 His gentle eye Grew
stern, and darted a severe rebuke. 18: Topp Cyci.
Anat. |. 272/1 Darting the bill with sudden velocity into
the water. 1852 THacxeray Esmond 1. viii, Her eyes ..
darted flashes of anger as she spoke. i
4. intr. To throw a dart or other missile.
1530 PatsGr. 506/2 These Yrisshe men darte best, or
throwe a darte best of all men. 1614 Rateicu Hist. World
i. 370 One Laodocus in darting. 1662 J. Davies tr.
Olearius’ Voy. Ambass. 72 They pursue her [the whale] and
dart two or three times more at her. _ ;
5. To move like a dart ; to spring or start with
a sudden rapid motion; to shoot. Also fg.
1619 FLetcHer False One u. i, Destructions darting from
their looks, 178 Gisson Decl. & F. III. 1.119 They dart
| away with the swiftness of the wind. 1794 Mrs. Rapcuirre
Acontias (formerly supposed to be venomous |
serpents) from their habit of darting upon their
prey; =dart-serpent, -snake (see 8).
1gsgt Percivat Sf. Dict., Tiro, a caste, dart, also a ser-
pent called a dart..Acontias. 1607 TorseLt Serpents
(1608) 696. 1635 Swan Sfec. M. (1670) 440 The Dart taketh
his name from his swift darting or leaping upon a man to
wound and kill him.
+5. The fish otherwise called Dacr or DARE.
1655 Mouret & Bennet Health's Improv. (1746) 271
Daces or Darts, or Dares, be of.. good Nourishment.
b. Short for dart-moth: see 8.
6. [f. the vb.] The act of darting; a sudden
rapid motion.
1721 R. Braptey Wks, Nat. 71 The first Dart they make
at any thing. c1850 Arad, Nts. (Rtldg.) 306 A bird made
a sudden dart from the air upon it. 1867 TrotLore Chron.
Barset 11. li. 87 She rose quickly. .and prepared herself for
a dart at the door.
b. The act of casting a dart or pointed missile ;
the range within which it may be thrown.
1839 T. Beate Sperm Whale 180 With their harpoons
held above their heads ready for the dart. /éid. 182 The
whale continuing to descend the moment either of the boats
got within dart of him. :
7. Australian slang. Plan, aim, scheme.
1887 Farrett How he died 20 Whose ‘ dart’ was to ap-
pear the justest steward that ever hiked a plate round.
1889 Botprewoon Xobbery under Arms (1890) 29 The
great dart is to meee the young stock away from their
mothers until they forget one another. 1890 Melbourne
Argus g Aug. 4/2 When I told them of my ‘ dart’ some
were contemptuous. ;
8. Comb., as dart-caster; dart-holding, -shaped,
-wounded adjs. ; dart-moth, a moth of the genus
Agrotis, so called from a mark on the fore wing ;
dart-sac, a hollow structure connected with the
generative organs of some gastropods, from which
the darts (2 b) are ejected; dart-serpent, dart-
snake, a snake-like lizard of the genus Acontias
(=Darr 4).
isso Nicotts Thucyd. 118 (R.) A certaine nomber of
slingers and *dart-casters. 1647 H. More Song of Soul
ut lxviii, No fear of Death's *dart-holding hand. 1819
G. SAMOUELLE Extomol. Compend. Index, *Dart-moths, 1848
Proc. Berw. Nat. Club 1. 329 Agrotis segetum (the Dart
Moth), and Agrotis exclamationis (the Heart and Dart
Moth). 1870 RotLeston Anim. Life 49 Acylindrical hollow
muscular organ, the “dart-sac. 1607 Torsett Serpents
(1653) 697 Suddenly there came one of these *Dart- nts
out of the tree, and wounded him. 1745 P. Tuomas Frné.
Anson's Voy. 338 (C. Good Hope) The Eye-Serpent .. is
also call'd sometimes the Dart-Serpent, from its dartin
or shooting himself forward with t swiftness. 18:
‘Toop Cyct. Anat. 1, 203/1 *Dart-s mandibles.
J. Crayton in PAil. Trans. XVIII. 135 This I think
may..be referred to the *Dart-Snakes. 1843 J. Dayman
tr. Dante's Inferno xxiv. 154 Though pufisnake, dart-
snake, watersnake, apse be ast. @ 1400-50 Alexander
225 Hire bewte bitis in his brest..as he ware *dart-wondid,
Dart (dait), v. [f. Darr sd.: cf. F. darder
(15the.) from dard.]
+1. trans. To pierce with a dart or other pointed
weapon ; to spear, transfix. Also FR. Obs.
¢1374 Cuaucer Troylus iv. 212 As the wilde bole ..
ydarted to the herte. 1557 Zofted/’s Misc. (Arb.) 234 Till
death shall darte him forto dye. 1624 Carr. SMITH
Virginia u. 32 Staues like ynto Iauelins headed with bone.
With these they dart fish swimming in the water. 1632
Lrtucow Trav. x. 489 When death. .had darted King lames
of matchlesse memory. 1748 RicHarpson Clarissa Wks.
1883 VI. 159 She. .darts dead at once even the embryo hopes
of an encroaching lover. 1752 Bonn in PAiZ. Trans. XLVIL.
43z [They] are never sure of darting a whale, till they are
within a yard.
2. To throw, cast, shoot (a dart or other missile).
1580 Nortu Plutarch (1676) Such other Iauelins as
the Romans dartedatthem, 1662 J. Davies tr. Mandelslo's
Myst. Udolpho xxvi, A thousand vague fears darted athwart
her mind. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xiii,‘ No, no’,
said little Ruth, darting up. 1885 Sfectator 18 July 950/1
A deer darts out of the copse. 1886 Ruskin Preterita i 296
The road got level againas it darted away towards Geneva.
+Dartars. Os. Also darters. [Corruption
of F. dartre: see DaRTRE.] A disease of sheep:
see quots.
1580 Well of Woman Hill, Aberdeen A iva, It perfytlie
curis the exteriour scabbis, wyldefyre, darteris, and vther
filthines of the skyn. 1587 Mascati Govt. Cattle, Sheepe
(1627) 221 There is. .a certaine scab that runnes on the chinne
which is commonly called of the shepheards the dartars.
al Dict. Rust. (ed. 3), Chin-scab, a Scabby Disease in
Sheep..commonly call'd The Darters. 1741 Compl. Fam.
Piece ut. 496 There is a certain Scab on the Chin of Lambs
at some Seasons, occasioned by their feeding on Grass
covered with Dew; it is called by the Shepherds the Dartars ;
which will kill a Lamb if not stopt.
Darted (dautéd), f/. a. [f. Dart v. +-ED1.]
+1. Pierced with, or as with, a dart ; punctured.
c 1374 [see Dartv.1]. 1622 H.Sypennam Sevm. Sol. Occ.
u. (1637) 161 With darted bosomes and imbalmed hearts.
1763 Couunson in Phil. Trans. LIV. 67 Several darted
twigs [i.e. pierced by insects] were .. carefully examined,
and opene
2. Thrown or shot as a dart; sent or put forth
suddenly and rapidly.
1669 Drypen 7yran. Love v.i, A darted Mandate came
From that great Will which moves this mighty Frame.
1672 — Cong. Gran. 1. i, The darted Cane. a1gix Ken
Edmund Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 314 Darted Pray’r returns for
darted Spight. 1859 Tennyson Vivien 935 With darted
spikes and splinters,
Darter (dastex). [f. Dart v.+-ER1.]
1. One who throws or shoots darts; a soldier
armed with a dart.
1 Coorer Thesaurus s.v. Certus, Iaculis certus, a
sure and cunning darter. 1 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 39%
Appointing his Archers and Darters to hurl..their Darts..
to the tops of the Houses. a 1656 UssHer Ann. (1658) 730
Having a strong guard of darters and slingers. 1820 Epce-
wortH Mem. I, 199 He was called Jack the Darter. He
threw his darts..to an amazing height. 1849 Grote Greece
u. liii. VI. 520 To organise either darters or slingers.
b. A harpooner. Oés.
1724 R. Fatconer Voy. (1769) 8 The wounded Fish [dolphin]
immediately flounces .. which the Darter observes, giving
him Rope and Play. —
2. A person or animal that darts or moves swiftly.
1818 Byron Ch. Har. tv. Ixvii, The finny darter with the
glittering scales.
+3. =Danrt sé. 4, dart-snake. Ods.
1607 TorseLt Serpents (1608) 696 Certain [ nts) in
vepey ..- do leap upon men, as these darters a 1820
W. Tooke tr. Lucian I. 96 I ble asps .. di 4
cow-suckers and toads.
4. a. English name of the genus P/otus or family
Plotide of web-footed birds of the pelican tribe,
with long neck and small head, found in parts of
tropical Africa and America, and in Australia; so
called from their way of darting on pase’ opt
1825 Gore tr. Blumenbach’s Nat. Hist. v. 126 Anhinga,
the Darter, P. ventre albo. 188: Manvitte Fenn Of to
Wilds xxx. (1888) 210 ‘That curious water-bird, the darter,
swimming with its body nearly subm , and its long,
snaky neck, ready to dart its keen bill with almost lightning
rapidity at the tiny fish upon which it fed.
b. pl. The ep re fgets in Macgillivray’s
classitication of birds, hag aap 4 the kingfishers,
bee-eaters, and jacamars ; from their habit of dart-
their prey.
ing u
5. name for various fishes; esp. the small
fresh-water fishes constituting the N. American
subfamily Ztheostomine of the family Percidw,
which dart from their retreats when disturbed.
1884 Goove Fisheries of U. S. 417 Darters are found in all
fresh waters of the United States east of the Rocky Moun-
tains. 1887 C, C. Apuort Waste-Land Wand. vii. 210 There
DARWINIANISM.
Sil of Gn epuciae-tty conmmon ceavalated Garter 7
(da-stin), 752. sd. [-1nG1.] The action
of the verb Darr, q.v.; throwing or shooting of
darts, etc. ; rapid movement as of a dart, etc.
1565-73 Cooper 7%. pus iaculatori:
where men exercise
Glances, and Dartings of the
Voy. u. (1711) 220 Their Fishi
Darts are : 1756 Mounsey in Phil.
Trans. 1, 21 Pain on the stomach. .with dartings inwardly.
1839 T. Beate Sperm Whale 161 They then make use of
us, Camp ius, a fielde
. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 944 Sudden
Eye. 1694 Acc. Sev. Late
ordinarily is darting, their
the lance either by dart 4
_Darting a Lowey That dats’ (000
ie verD).
1. trans. Shooting darts; shooting or casting
forth like a dart.
1606 Suaxs. Ant. & Cl. m1. i. 1 Now darting Parthya art
thou stroke. 1634 Mitton Comus 753 Love-darting eyes.
—_ Loner. Burial of Minnisink vii, With darting eye
B) <
2. intr. Moving or shooting swiftly like a dart.
1664 Everyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 197 The sudden dartin;
Heat of the Sun. Tennyson Enid 1318 They vanish'd
panic-stricken, like a Of darting fish.
Hence Da‘rtingly adv., Da‘rtingness.
1674 N. Farrrax Bulk & Selv. 129 When we give a darting-
ness to outcasts [i. e. missiles). 1846 Worcester, Dartingly.
Dartle (dat'l), v. rave. [A modern dim. and
iterative of Darr v.: cf. sparkle] To dart or
shoot forth repeatedly (¢rans. and intr.).
1855 Browninc My Star, My star that dartles the red
and the blue. 1893 Atheneum 18 Mar. 346/2 He. .showed
me the chestnut logs which spit and pias the bitch logs
which smoke and moulder.
Dartless, a Without a dart.
1769 S. Paterson Another Trav. 11. 184.
‘rtman. A soldier armed with a dart.
1605 Sytvester Du Bartas u. iii. Vocation Without
an aime the Dart-man darts his speare. 1838 THirtwaci
Greece 11. xix. 98 Archers and dartmen.
id (dattoid), a. Anat. [mod. f. Gr.
dapr-ds Dantos+-omp.] Like or of the nature of
the dartos.
1872 F. G. Tuomas Dis. Women (ed. 5) 635 The dartoid
sacs of the labia majora. 1890 THane £/Jis’ Anat. (ed. 11)
445 The subcutaneous layer in the scrotum ..is named the
dartoid tissue,
|| Dartos (da-stgs). Anat. [mod. a. Gr. daprds
flayed, excoriated, verbal adj. of deipew to flay.]
The layer of connective and unstriped muscular
tissue immediately beneath the skin of the scrotum.
1634 T. Jounson rag’ ha Ci postesg 2 119 The epididymis or
dartos. 1875 Fiunt Phys. Man V. 314 A loose, reddish,
contractile tissue, called the dartos, which forms two distinct
sacs, one enveloping each testicle.
e (dautor). [F. dartre, of doubtful ety-
mology: see Diez, Littré, and Dict. des Sciences
Med. XXV. 648. For an earlier adoption of the
word into Eng., see DarTars.] A vague generic
name for various skin diseases, en herpes ; also,
a scab or the like formed in such di
1829 BATEMAN Synopfs. Cutan. Dis. (ed. 7) Pref. 15 The
dartres..are said to be of seven kinds. 1 Goon Study
Med.(ed. 4) 1V. 481 The proper meaning of dartre, or tetter,
is herpes. x Sir C. pamoreE Med. Visit Grafenberg
72 Boils and ‘ res’ formed near the seat of pain.
Dartrous (da‘itras), a. [ad. F. dartreux, f.
dartre: see prec.) Pertaining to or of the nature
of dartre: applied to a peculiar diathesis.
1839-47 Toop Cyc?. Anat. III. 190/2 Dartrous diseases of
the skin. 1881 Pirrarp Therap. Skin 126 The rheumic or
dartrous diathesis, as it is called in France, is the predispos-
ing cause, I believe, of eczema, is, and pityriasis,
artsman, ([f. darts = DarTMAN.
1770 J. Ross you 34 on Friend 11 (MS.) Death—dread
dartsman !.. May strike thee sudden in life’s blooming May.
Darvis, obs. forms of DERvISH.
Darwinian (datwi'niin), a. (sd.) [f. proper
name Darwin + -1AN,] 3
+1. Of or pertaining to Erasmus Darwin (1731-
1802), and to his speculations or poetical style.
1804 Edin. Rev. July 297 One objection. .to the Darwinian
modulation with which Mr. Sotheby's versification is in-
fected. 1842 Mrs. Browninc Bk, of Poets Wks. 1890 V.
279 A broad gulf between his [Wordsworth’s] descriptive
poetry and that of the Darwinian painter-poet school. _
2. Of or pertaining to the celebrated naturalist
Charles Darwin (grandson of Erasmus Darwin,
1809-1882), and to his scientific views or observa-
tions, esp. his theory of the evolution of species :
see DARWINISM 2.
1867 (¢it/e) The Darwinian Theory of the Transmutation
1881 Knowledge 9 Dec. 128/1 The principles
will guide us in the choice of subjects will be Darwinian
—to wit, nat} selection and the survival of the fittest.
b. as sé. A follower of Charles Darwin; one
who accepts the Dave ee a
H Crit. & A ( ir. is
1 ee orate Mier Wallece tor he bss less faith
in the power of natural selection. t Athengwumt 29 Oct.
566/1 Mr. Balfour is a practical Darwinian.
Darwinianism. [f. prec. +-1sM-] /
+1. Imitation of the style of Erasmus Darwin
(see prec. 1). Obs. (monce-se.) :
1804 Edin. Rev. July 297 We can substantiate our charge
| of Darwinianism.
DARWINISM.
2. The Darwinian theory of evolution; =:Dar-
WINISM 2; also, a Darwinian idiom or phrase.
1883 E. M. Unperpown in WN. § Q. 13 Oct. 284/2, I know
not if any one..has noticed a literary ancestor, to use a Dar-
winianism, for that of Francis I after Pavia. 1893 Je Hi
Sririnc (i¢Ze), Darwinianism: Workmen and Work.
Darwinical, a. vare—°. =DARWINIAN 2.
Hence Darwi'nically adv. :
1864 Huxtey Lay Serm. (1870) 334 It is one thing to say,
Darwinically, that every detail observed in an animal’s
structure is of use to it [etc.].
Darwinism (da‘iwiniz’m). [-1sm.]
+1. The doctrine or hypothesis of Erasmus
Darwin. Obs. (nonce-use.)
1856 B, W. Ricuarpson Life 7, Sopwith (1891) 256 Mr.
Sopwith described the hypothesis of the development of
living things from a primordial centre. That, said Reade,
is rank Darwinism. It was the first time I had heard that
word used. .it had reference to Erasmus Darwin.
2. The biological theory of Charles Darwin con-
cerning the evolution of species, etc., set forth
especially in his works entitled ‘The Origin of
Species by means of Natural Selection, or the pre-
servation of favoured races in the struggle for life’
(1859), and ‘ The Descent of Man and Selection in
relation to Sex’ (1871).
1871 Atheneum 15 July 84 It is impossible to reconcile the
Doctors of the Church with the Doctors of Darwinism.
I Ray Lanxester tr. Haeckel’s Hist. Creation 1. 1 The
scientific theory.. commonly called .. Darwinism, is only a
small fragment of a far more comprehensive doctrine. 1889
A. R. Wattace (¢t/e), Darwinism, An exposition of the
theory of Natural Selection with some of its applications.
So Da‘rwinist, a follower of Darwin, a Dar-
winian. Darwini'stic a, of or pertaining to
Darwinism. Da‘rwinize v.,to speculate or theorize
after the manner of (Erasmus or Charles) Darwin.
1883 Sci. § Lit. Gossip 1. 79 Interesting to every sincere
Darwinist. 1875 tr. Schmidt's Desc. § Darw. 292 Decisive
in favour of Darwinistic views. _ 1882 A thenxum 27 May
663/2 In connexion with Darwinistic explanations of ends.
1880 Nature XXI. 246 Coleridge invented the term ‘ Dar-
winising’ to express his contempt for the speculations of the
elder Darwin. 1886 Contemp. Rev. Sept. 435 Darwinizing
sociologists. _ ey
Darwinite (daiwinoit), sd.1(@.) [1re.]
A. sb. A follower of Charles Darwin; a Dar-
winian.
1862 /dlust. Lond. News XLI. 41/1 Here are Darwinites
..reviving the doctrine of Lord Monboddo that men and
monkeys are of the same stock. 1885 Athenwum 8 Aug.
171/2 A wave of reaction against what we may term the
caer winian of the Darwinites.
adj, =DARWINIAN 2,
1867 Kinostey Lez. in Life xxii. (1883) 280 Can you tell
me where I can find any Darwinite lore about the develop-
ment of birds? :
Da‘rwinite, 53.2. Min. [Named by Forbes
1861 after Chas. Darwin: see -1TE.] A synonym
of WHITNEYITE. 1861 in Bristow Gloss. Min. 104.
Dary, obs. form of Datry.
|| Das (das). Also dasse. [Du. das =Ger. dachs,
OHG. dahs:—WGer. *pahs, whence also med.L.
taxus badger. In sense 1 retained by Caxton in
his English version of Reynard; in sense 2 belong-
ing to the Dutch of South Africa.]
+1. A badger. Ods.
1481 Caxton Reynard iv. (Arb.) 7 Tho spack Grymbart
the dasse. /ézd. xvii. 39 The beres, the foxes, the cattes
and the dassen.
2. The daman or rock-badger of the Cape.
1786 Sparrman Voy. Cape G. H. 309 Those little animals
which. .by the colonists are called dasses or badgers. 18:
W. H.R. Reap in Penny Cycl. XII. 419 (S.v. Hyrax) Its
name at the Cape is the Dasse, which is, I believe, the
Dutch for a badger. 1884 Woop in Sunday Mag. Nov. 719/1
‘The most successful Das hunter.
+ Dasart. Obs. rare. [f. dase, DAZE v.+-ARD:
ef. MDu. dasaert (Oudemans), in Kilian daesaerd
a fool.] A dazed, stupefied, or inert person; a
dullard; =DasiperpD, Dastarp I.
ax400 Minor Poems Vernon MS. 333 Ouur-al mai3t pou
comen and go, Whon a Moppe dasart schal :ot so.
+ Dascan, v. Sc. Obs. Also daskan, dascon.
[perh. for Descant.] To ponder, consider.
¢1579 Montcomerte Navigatioun 227 They daskand
farther :—What if the Quene war deid? a@x600 Buret in
Watson Coll. Sc. Poems 1. 45 (Jam.) Than did I dascan
with my sell, Quhidder to heuin or unto hell, Thir persouns
suld pertene. Litucow Trav. vit. 328 To dascon this,
remarke, when they set land, Some this, some that, doe
gesse, this Hill, that Cape.
Dase, obs. form of Dacr, Daze.
Dasel(1, obs. form of Dazzix.
Dasewe: see DaswEN v. O65.
Dasey, obs. form of Daisy.
Dash (def),v.1 Forms: 3-4 dasse, 3-5 dasche,
4 dassche, 4-6 dasshe, 4-7 dashe, 6- dash.
[ME. daschen, dassen, found a@1300, perh. from
Norse: cf. Sw. daska to drub, Sw. dial. to slap with
open hand, Da. daske to beat, strike; but an ON.
*daska is not recorded, and the word is not known
in WGer. It may be a comparatively recent
onomatopceic word, expressing the action and
sound of striking or driving with violence and
39
smashing effect : cf. clash, crash, bash, pash, smash,
etc. The ¢vans. and zntr. uses are exemplified
almost equally early, and there is no definite
evidence as to their actual order: cf. DusH v.]
I. Transitive senses.
1. To strike with violence so as to break into
fragments; to break in pieces by a violent stroke
or collision; to smash. Now generally with com-
plement, as 40 dash to pieces; but the simple dash
is still said of the action of wind or rain in beating,
bruising, and disfiguring flowers or plants.
1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 51 ie pykes smyte hem poru out ..
And daschte and a dreynte fourty schippes. /d7d. 540[Thei]
with axes thuder come, & that 3at to hewe, & todasse. ¢ 1330
Arth. & Merl. 9051 (Matz.) The hors chine he dassed a-to.
1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) III. 63 [He was] al to dasshed
so pat no ping obs body my3te be founde. 1593 SHAKS.
2 Hen. V1, U1. ii, 98 The splitting Rockes..would not dash
me with their ragged sides. 1610 — Zemf.1. ii. 8 A braue
vessell .. Dash’d all to peeces. 1642 RoGers Naaman 142
As if one should with his foote dash a little childs house of
oystershels. 1748 Azson's Voy. u. i, 116 He fell amongst
the rocks, and was dashed to pieces. 1847 TENNYSON Princ.
v.132 Altho’ we dash’d Your cities into shards with catapults.
1892 GARDINER Student's Hist. Eng.11 The waves had dashed
to pieces a large number of his ships. Zod. The roses were
beautiful, before they were so dashed by the wind and rain.
b. To strike violently against.
(Without implication of smashing.)
1611 Cotcr., Zalemouser, to cuffe, or dash on the lips.
1624 Aphor. of State in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) IIL. 495 With
the like thunderbolt, to dash the heads of the sacred Empire.
1776 Gispon Decl. & F. I. xxv. 746 The oars of Theodosius
dashed the waves of the Hyperborean ocean. 1843 J. Mar-
tineau Chr. Life (1866) 349 Like brilliant islands .. vainly
dashed by the dark waters of human history.
2. To knock, drive, throw, or thrust (away,
down, out, etc.) with a violent stroke or collision.
c1290 S. Eng. Leg. 1. 344/147 And daschte pe tiez [=teeth]
out of is heued. «a 1400-50 Alexander 3882 A brand anda
bri3t schild bremely he hentis.. Dasches dragons doun.
1592 SHAKS. Kove. §& Ful. W. iii. 54 Shall I not ..dash out
my desperate braines. 1664°H. More Myst. Jnig, 268 It
[rain] is naturally drunk in, not dash’d in by force. @1700
Dryben (J.), The brushing oars and brazen prow Dash up
the sandy waves. 1828 Scott F. M. Perth ii, Dashing from
him the snake which was about to sting him. 1833 Hr.
Martineau Manch., Strike x. 112 While she, dashing away
her tears, looked for something to do.
+b. To drive impetuously forth or out, cause to
rush fogether. Obs.
1523 Lp. Berners F7oiss. I. clvii. 191 Then thenglyshmen
dashed forthe their horses after the frenchmen. did. I.
ecexlii. 538 Lorde Langurant..couched his speare..and so
dyde Bernarde, and dasshed to their horses. 1577-87 Houin-
sHED Chron. II]. 922/2 The king .. pulled downe his visar
..and dashed out such a pleasant countenance and cheere,
that all..reioised verie much.
3. To throw, thrust, drive, or impel (something)
against, upon, into (something else) with a vio-
lence that breaks or smashes; to impel (a thing)
into violent and destructive contact with something:
a. a solid body. (Also fig.)
1530 Patscr. 507/1 He dasshed my heed agaynst the
postes, 1568 Grarton Chron. II. 24 He foorthwith dashed
his spurres into his horse and fled. 1614 Rareicu //ist.
World u. 376 In so doing he dasheth himself against a
notable Text. 1724 R. Fatconer Voy. (1769) 62 Lest another
Wave should dash me against it [the rock]. 1820 ScorEspy
Acc. Arctic Reg. 1. 401 A violent storm of wind dashed her
..stern first, against a floe ofice. 1861 HuGcHes Tom Brown
at wef vii. (1889) 6x [He] dashed his right fist full against
one of the panels.
b. To splash (water or other liquid) violently
upon or against something.
1697 DryDvEN Virg. Georg. 1. 457 The Waves on heaps are
dash'd against the Shoar. 1839 T. Beate Sferm Whale
350 Dashing the salt water in our faces.
+c. With reversed construction: Zo dash one
in the teeth with (something) : to ‘cast it in one’s
teeth’. Ods. (Cf. Cast v. 65.)
1530 Patscr. 507/1, I dasshe one in the tethe with a lye or
a glosynge tale, Fembouche ..What nedest thou to dasshe
me in the tethe with the monaye thou haste lente me.
4. To bespatter or splash (a thing) w7t anything
(e.g. water or mud) cast with force or violence
upon or against it.
1530 PatsGr. 507/r, I dasshe, I araye with myer, Ye crotte.
Your horse hath all to dasshed me. 1670 Mitton Hist. Eng.
Wks. vi. (1851) 268 The Sea. .came rowling on, and without
reverence both wet and dash’d him. 1694 Acc. Sev. Late Voy,
11. (1711) 166 Some Whales blow Blood to the very last. .and
these dash the Men in the Long-boats most filthily. 1785 H.
Watro.e Mod. Gardening (R.), Vast basins of marble dashed
with perpetual cascades. 1875 Bepronp Sailor's Pocket Bk.
viii. (1877) 307 The face may be dashed with cold water.
Jig. 162t Bk. Discipl. Ch. Scot. Pref., Some will dash you
by the odious name of Puritan. 1633 G. Herbert Temple,
Marie Magda. iii, Her sinnes did dash Ev’n God himself.
b. To put out (fire) by dashing water upon it.
r610 Suaks. Tem. 1. ii. 5 But that the Sea .. Dashes the
fire out. 1844 Dickens Mart. Chuz. xxvii, Rows of fire-
buckets for dashing out a con: tion.
ce. pa. pple. Marked as with splashes.
1 Lyte Dodoens u. xliv. 202 Floures .. poudered or
dashte with small spottes. bata Bewickx Brit. Birds
(1847) I. 119 The top of the head, the back, and the tail
black: the rump is with ash. 1850 Tennyson /7
Mem. \xxxiii. 11 tulips dash’d with fiery dew. 1873
Brack Pr. Thule xxvii. 452 The sea was dashed with a wil
glare of crimson.
DASH.
5. To affect or qualify (anything) zw7th an ele-
ment of a different strain thrown into it ; to mingle,
temper, qualify, dilute zv7# some (usually inferior)
admixture. Also fig.
1546 Confut. N. Shaxton A. iii. (R.), Youre sermons dashed
ful of sorowful teares and depesighings. 1586 CocAn Haven
Health cvii. (1636) 108 Boyle them [fruit] againe with suf-
ficient sugar, to dash them with sweet water. 1682 Sir 7.
Browne Chr. Mor. (1756) 40 Notable virtues are sometimes
dashed with notorious vices. 1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit.
v. 131 Vinegar..dashed with water. .is an Antidote against
drunkenness. 1712 Appison Sect. No. 267 P8 To dash the
Truth with Fiction. 1843 Lever ¥. Winton vi, Dash the
lemonade with a little maraschino. 1853 TrENcH Proverbs
141 The pleasures of sin. .are largely dashed with its pains.
b. Coal-mining. To mix (fire-damp) with air
till the mixture ceases to be inflammable.
1851 GREENWELL Coal-trade Terms Northumb. & Durh.
21 Dashing Air.—Mixing air and gas together, until .. the
mixture ceases to be inflammable.
6. fg. To destroy, ruin, confound, bring to
nothing, frustrate, spoil (a design, enterprise, hope,
etc.) : cf. Zo smash. In 16-17th c. the usual word
for the rejection of a bill in Parliament, and fre-
quent in various applications; now Ods. exc. in
to dash (any one’s) hopes. (Cf. next.)
1528 Beggar's Petit. agst. Popery in Select. Harl. Mise.
(1793) 153 He shall be excommunicated, and then be all his
actions dashed! 1563-87 Foxe A. § J/. (1596) 169 All the
hope of Anselme was dasht.. @1577 Sir T. SmituH Comonw.
Eng. (1633) 92 As the cry of yea or no is bigger so the Bill
is allowed or dashed. 1627 Drayton Agincourt 4 A warre
with France, must be the way To dash this Bill. a@ 1656 Br.
Hatt Rem. Wks. (1660) 59 Those hopes were no sooner con-
ceived than dasht. 1697 Dampier Voy. (1698) I. 157 So the
design was wholly dashed. 1710 Pripeaux Orig. Tithes iv.
214 ‘To dash what arguments may be brought from hence.
1840 Chartist Circular No. 5. 225 This dashes the bit-by-bit
system [of reform]. 1861 Pearson Early & Mid, Ages Eng.
143 Dunstan’s hopes were again dashed by the news of
Edward’s death.
7. To cast down, depress; to daunt, dispirit, dis-
courage.
1550 CovERDALE Sir. Perle v, How small soever their
temptation or plague is, their heart is dashed. 1579 L. ‘Tom-
son Calvin's Seri, Tim. 466/1 We shalbe all dasht that our
prayers do but soare in the ayre. 1604 SHaxs. O¢h. m1. iii.
214, I see, this hatha little dash’d your Spirits. 1676 DryDEN
Aurengz. U. i, 524 Why did you speak? you've dash’d my
Fancy quite. 179r Cowrer Odyss. 1x. 295 We, dash’d with
terror, heard the growl Of his big voice. 1840 Dickens Old
C. Shop xxvi, This discouraging information a little dashed
the child. 1891 Miss Dowie Girl 7n Karp. 167 Somewhat
dashed, we went down..to the spot where my horse had
fallen with me.
b. To confound, put to shame, abash.
1563-87 Foxe A. § JZ. (1596) 1574/2 Frier Bucknham..was
so dashed, that neuer after hee durst peepe out of the pulpit
against M. Latimer. 1588 SHaks. ZL. LZ. Z. v. ii. 585 An
honest man, looke you, and soon dasht. 1634 Mitton Comius
447 Chaste austerity..that dashed brute violence With
sudden adoration and blank awe. 1728 Vansr. & Cin. Prov.
Husb. 1. i, The Girl .. has Tongue enough: she woa’nt be
dasht. 1766 Forpyce Serm. Yung. Wom, (1767) 11. xiii. 246
From her a..look..will dash the boldest offender. 1860
Trencu Sern. Westin, Abbey x.108 Dashed and abashed as
no doubt for a moment she was. ‘
+e. Phr. Zo dash (a person) out of countenance
(concett, courage). Obs.
1530 Patscr. 507/1, I dasshe out of countenaunce or out
of conceyte, Ye rens confus. 1576 FLEMING Panofl. Epist.
162 Your deerest friends ..damnified, and dashed out of
courage. 1598 GRENEWEY 7Zacitus’ Ann. m1. xiv. (1622) 85
Cause sufficient, to haue dasht the best practised out of
matter. 1617 Hieron Ws. (1619-20) II. 408 It would dash
him quite out of countenance. 1754 RicHarpson Grandison
I. xi. 61 In order to dash an opponent out of countenance
by getting the laugh instead of the argument on his side.
8. To put down on paper, throw off, write, or
sketch, with hasty and unpremeditated vigour.
1726 Woprow Corr. (1843) III. 234 Please dash down any-
thing that is proper for me to help. 1728 Pore Dave. 11. 47
Never was dash’d out, at one lucky hit, A fool, so just a copy
ofawit. 177% Foote Maid of B. Epil. Wks. 1799 II. 201 His
ready pen he drew, And dash’d the glowing satire as he flew.
I Tennyson Princ. tv. 121 Ourself..into rhythm have
dash'd The passion of the prophetess. /é¢d. v. 414 Then
came a postscript dash’d across the rest. 1859 KINGSLEY
Misc. (1860) 11. 15 The impressions of the moment. .dashed
off with a careless but graceful pen.
9. To draw a dash through (writing); to strike
out, cancel, erase, efface. Now rare or Obs.
1549-62 STERNHoLD & H. Ps. Ixix. 29 And dash them
cleane out of the booke of hope. 1576 FLeminc Panofi/.
Efist. 80 A faulte in writing is dashed out with a race of the
penne. 158r Sipney As¢r. § Sted/a |. in Arb. Garner I. 528
And now my pen these lines had dashed quite. 1607 Topr-
sELL Four. Beasts (1673) 212 Before the snow be melt, and
the footings dashed. 1670 Woop Zz/ (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II.
199 He would correct, alter, dash out or put in what he
pleased. 1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. I. 454 She took a pen
and dashed out the words.
b. To draw (a pen) vigorously ¢hrough writing
so as to erase it.
1780 Cowrer Table T. 769 To dash the pen through all
that you proscribe,
O. To mark with a dash, to underline.
1836 T. Hook G. Gurney I. 17 The infinite pains I took to
dash and underline the points. 1871 Atheneum 13 May 583
He did so dash his initials at the end of letters.
ll. slang. or collog. Used as a euphemism for
‘damn’, or as a kind of veiled imprecation.
DASH.
1812 H. & — Rej. Addr. G. Barnwell, Dash my
i el and lam her well.
igs, be eo Wo u
Sohn ‘hawbacon ii. in Halliwell Dict. (1865) I. p. xv, Dash
my buttons, Moll—I’ll be darn’d if I know. 1852 Dickens
Bleak Ho. Il. i. 7 Dash it, Tony .. you really ought to be
careful. 1865 — M/ut. Fr. u. viii, Dashed if fiteens
II. Intransitive senses.
12. To move, fall, or throw itself with violence or
smashing effect; to strike in violent collision
against (upon, etc.) something else.
C1305 Saints’ Lives in E.E. P. (1862) 80 pat weber bigan
to glide .. per hit gan dasche adoun .. Ac in be norp half of
pe churche. .ber ne ful no3t a reynes drope. c 1400 Melayne
964 Dede he daschede to the grounde. 1638 Baker tr.
Balzac’s Lett. 11. 43 In my way there are..many stones to
dash against. 1694 Acc. Sev. date Voy. 11. (1711) 168 The
Whale. .doth strike about with his Tail and Finns, that the
Water dasheth up like Dust. 1724 R. Fatconer Voy.
(1769) 62 The Tempest was very much abated, and the
Waves not dashing so often. 1842 Tennyson Day-dream,
The Revival ii, And all the i a 3 stream of life Dash'd
downward in a cataract. _ . Peacock N. Brendon Il.
418 The full force of the Atlantic is dashing on the cliffs.
Jig. 1638 D. Featiey Strict. Lyndom. 1. 102 Lyes dash
one with the other, and truth breakes out of the mouth of
the lyar. ; :
13. Of persons: To throw oneself with violence,
such as would overthrow obstacles or resistance ;
to go, run, or rush with sudden impetuosity, or
with spirited or brilliant action. Also fig. (Const.
with var. preps. and advbs.)
¢1300 K. Adis. 2837 The gate..up he brak ; In tothe cité
he con dassche. ¢1330 Arth. & Merl. 6293 (MAtz.) Forth
dassed the king. _a@1533 Lp. Berners //won lviii. 200 Y°
sarazyns dasshed in to the prese to haue rescued Huon.
a Pleas. Quippes Upstart Gentlw. in Hazl. E. £. 7.
1V. 258 Our wantons now in coaches dash, From house to
house, from street to street. 1682 Drypen Ads. & Achit.
u. 414 Doeg..Spurred boldly on, and dashed through thick
and thin, Through sense and nonsense. 1794 Mrs. Rapcuirre
Myst. Udolpho xviii, Dashing at the steps below. 1823
Byron ¥uan vii. liv, [He] Dash’d on like a spurr'd blood-
horse ina race. 7“ Morris Earthly Par. 111. 1v. 377 [He]
rode on madly..Dashed through the stream and up the
other bank. 1886 Ruskin Preterita I. vii. 230 To leave
her card on foot at the doors of ladies who dashed up to
hers in their barouche. 1 GarpineR Student's Hist.
Eng. 11 Czesar..dashed at his stockade and carried it by
storm.
b. Said of action with pen or pencil.
@ 1680 Rocuester An Allusion to Horace (R.), With just
bold strokes he dashes here and there, Showing great
mastery with little care.
+14. To clash. Oés.
c 1325 Coer de L. 4615 Trumpes blewen, tabours dashen.
15. collog. To make a display, ‘cut a dash’;
dash off, out, to burst off, come out, with a dash.
1786 Francis, the Philanthr. 1.159 Bidding fair to dash
out, when he was qualified by manhood and experience.
1800 HeLena We tts Const. Neville I11. 68 He intended to
dash off as a star of the first magnitude in the circles of
fashion. 1806 Surr Winter in Lond. (ed. 3) III. 215 That
blade dashes most confoundedly. .he is a ee 8 fellow, to
be sure. 1807-8 W. Irvine Sa/mag. (1824) 290 Every lady
. dresses and dashes.
III. 16. Comb. a. with verb + object, as
+dash-buckler, a swaggering fellow, swash-
buckler; b. with the verb-stem used attrib., as
dash-pot, a contrivance for producing gradual
descent in a piece of mechanism, consisting of a
cylinder or chamber containing liquid in which
a piston moves; a hydraulic buffer ; dash-wheel
(see quot.). See also DASH-BOARD.
1567 Fenton 7 rag. Disc. 123b, A traine of *dashbucklers
or squaring tospottes. 1861 Sci. Amer. 30 Mar. 196/2 The
** dash pot’ which Watt invented to graduate the descent of
the puppet valve into its seat. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. 666
s.v. Cut-off, To seat them without slamming, the valve-stems
are provided with dash-pots. J/did.,*Dash-wheel. (Bleach-
sah A wheel with compartments revolving partially in
a cistern, to wash and rinse calico in the piece, by alter-
nately dipping it in the water and then dashing it from side
to side of the compartments.
Dash, v.?: see after DasH sb.2
Dash (def), 5.1 Forms: 4 dasch, 5-6 dasshe,
6 dasche, dashe, 6- dash. [f. Dasu v.]
1. A violent blow, stroke, impact, or collision,
such as smashes or might smash,
(With quot. 1577 cf. Dasu v. 2.)
a1375 Lay-Folks Mass-Bk. App. iv. 351 Wip his hed he
yaf a dasch A3eyn pe Marbelston. —— Matory Arthur
x. Ixxix, Syr Ector. .gaf sire Palomydes suche a dasshe with
aswerd, 1577-87 Hoxinsuep Chron, III. 1153/2 He offered
to hir his cloke, which she (putting it backe with hir hand
with a good dash) refused. W. Wacker /diomat.
Anglo-Lat. 22 Let me alone, or I will give you a dash on
the teeth. 1725 De For Voy. round World (1840) 258 The
water, falling from a height .. and meeting in the passage
with many dashes and interruptions. 1727-46 THomson
Summer 1114 The dash of poe or irritating war Of fight-
ing winds. 1858 Lytton What will he do? 1, v, Whistling
..in time to the dash of the gars.
+2. fig. in phrases at (the) first dash, at one (or
a) dash: cf. stroke, blow (F. coup). Obs.
1850 Bate Afol. 37 (R.) He heapeth me in, an whole halfe
leafe at a dash, out of Saynt Augustyne. xg9x Suaks.
t Hen. VJ,1, ii. 7x She takes vpon her brauely at first dash.
1627 H. Lusty Serm. bef Majesty 4 Wee are not made
absolute entire Christians at the first dash. 1681 W. Rosert-
son Phraseol, Gon. nto 753 What? At first dash so to jear
and frump your frien 1699 W. Hacks Voy. u.9 In..
danger, to lose both our Lives and all our substance at one
40
dash. 19710 Acc. Last Distemp. Tom Whigg 1. 48 De-
igning to immortalize himself and his Patron at a Dash.
“t 3. fig. A sudden blow or stroke that casts down,
confounds, depresses, dispirits, etc.; an affliction,
discou ent. Ods.
1580 Afol, Prince of Orange in Phanix (1721)1. 450 That
the Course of his Life be found blessed.. without any dash,
blow, stumbling. . 1629 RutHerrorp Left. v. (1862) I. 4%
I have received many..dashes and heavy strokes, since the
Lord called me to the ministry. 1637 /é7d. 1. 287 The glory
of manifested justice in giving of His foes a dash. 1730 T.
Boston Mem. vii. 134 This gave me a sore dash.
4. The violent throwing and breaking of water
(or other liquid) upon or against anything; a splash;
a sudden heavy fall of rain; +concr. a portion of
water splashed up.
1570 Levins 35/5 A dashe, /abes, aspersio. 1612 T. TAYLOR
Comm. Titus i. 8 To giue her harbour .. till the dash and
storme be ouer. 1677, W. Haris tr. Lemery's Chym. (ed. 3)
602 During the ebullition..a great many little dashes
water do fly about. ax1zoo B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew s.v.
Gust, We say a Dash of Rain, for a sudden, short, impetuous
Beat of Rain. 1804 Med. Frni. XII. 247 Dr. Macneil
seems, .to think the sponging is better than the dash. 1848
Mrs. Gasket. M. Barton (1882) 12/1 ‘ He’s coming round
finely, now he’s had a dash of cowd water.”
b. The sound of dashing; esp. the splashing
sound of water striking or being struck.
1784 Cowrer 7ask 1. 186 Music not unlike The dash of
Ocean on his winding shore. 1820 Scott A dbot xxxv, Why
did ye not muffle the oars?.. the dash must awaken the
sentinel. x ;
5. a. A small portion (of colour, etc.) as it were
dashed or thrown carelessly upon a surface.
1713 Berketey Ess, in Guardian v. Wks. II. 161 The |
rosy dashes of light which adorn the clouds of the morning
and evening. 1884 J.T. Bent in Macm. Mag. Oct. 426/1
Syra is almost entirely a white town, relieved now and again
by a dash of yellow wash.
b. A small quantity (of something) thrown into
or mingled as a qualifying admixture with some-
thing else ; an infusion, touch, tinge. Usually fig.
1611 Suaks. IWint. 7. v. ii. 122 Now (had I not the dash
of my former life in me) would Preferment drop on my head.
1678 Cupwortu /xtel/. Syst. 892 A thing .. not sincerely
good, but such as hath a great dash or dose of evil blended
with it. 1697 Dampier Voy. (1698) I. 293 It makes most
delicate Punch; but it must have a dash of Brandy to
hearten it. 1712 Appison Sect. No. 299 P 2, I .. resolved
that my Descendents should have a Dash of good Blood in
their Veins. 1820 W. Irvine Sketch-Bk. 1. 335 There was
a dash of eccentricity and enterprize in his character.
+e. Aslight specimen, atouch; =Casts/.9. Ods.
a 1672 Woop Life (1848) 161 He gave A. W.a dash of his
office.
6. A hasty stroke of the pen.
1615 STEPHENS Satyr. Ess. (ed. 2) 414 And thus by meere
chaunce with a little dash I have drawne the picture of
aPigmey. a1656 Be. Hart Rem. Wks. (1660) 310 With one
dash to biot it out of the holy Calender. 1691 Ray Creation
1, (1704) 41 That this was done by the temerarious dashes of
an unguided Pen. ~ Macxintosu Def. Peltier Wks. 1846
III. 246 Fifty Imperial towns have been erased from the list
of independent states, by one dash of the pen.
7. A stroke or line (usually short and straight)
made with a pen or the like, or resembling one so
made: sfec. @ Such a mark drawn through writ-
ing for erasure. b. A stroke forming part of a
letter or other written or printed character, or used
as a flourish in writing. @. A horizontal stroke of
varying length (—, ——, ) used in writing
or printing to mark a pause or break in a sentence,
a parenthetic clause, an omission of words or letters
or of the intermediate terms of a series, to separate
distinct portions of matter, or for other purposes.
da. Mus. A short vertical mark (') placed above
or beneath a note to indicate that it is to be per-
formed staccato. ©. A linear marking, as if made
with a pen, on the wings of insects, etc.
1552 Hutoet, Dashe or stryke with a penne, Zitura. 1
Buunpevit £.xerc. 1. iv. (ed. 7) 12 ae cancelled the first
figure of the multiplyer, b: making a dash thorow it with
your Pen. 1607 Dekker Westw. Hoe u. Wks. 1873 I. 297
arke her dashes, and her strokes, and her breakings, and
her bendings. 1612 Brinstey Ludus Lit. xiii. (1627) 177
Making a dash with a pen under every fault. 1712 Appison
Spect. No. 470 ® ro The Transcriber, who probably mistook
the Dash of the I fora T. 1733 Swirt Poems, On Poetry, In
modern wit all printed trash is Set off with num’rous breaks
——and dashes——. 1824 L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5)
I. 406 The Dash, though often used improperly .. may be
introduced with propriety, where the sentence breaks off
abruptly..A dash following a stop, denotes that the pause
is to ater than if the stop were alone. 1848 Rimpavur
First Bk. Piano 63 The Dash requires a more separate and
distinct manner of performance than the Point. 1880 Muir-
HEAD Gaius Introd. 13 Passages that are illegible in the MS,
. are indicated by dashes, thus — — —.
8. A sudden impetuous movement, a rush; a
sudden vigorous attack or onset. Also fe
1809 Apm. Cocurane in Naval Chron. XXVI. 164 Our
loss in this little dash has..been severe 1861 Hucnes Jom
Brown at Oxf.v. (1889) 36 He. .made up his mind. .to make
adash. .for ee than a mere —- acquaint-
ance. 1885 Manch. Exam. 25 Feb. 5/2 The was suc-
cessfully made across the desert to Metammeh.
9. Spirited vigour of action ; capacity for prompt
and —— action.
1796 Mod. Gulliver’s Trav. 50, 1 began now to suspect
I was with sharpers .. and correcting my dash, betted
DASHEE.
cautiously. 1808 WettincTon in Gurw. Desf, 1V. 95 The
wiyegs seme ceensonst .. by the imprudence of the officer,
courage
10. A phe showy appearance, a parade :
a display
(see Cur v. 25), in Sc. to cast a dash.
I Pennecuik Tweeddale 16 Large
tovate-walie, anil their ee) ee oe
dash ata distance. 1771 Foote Maid of B.1. Wks. 1799 I.
213 The squire does not intend to cut a dash till the spring.
a 1774 Fercusson Poems (1789) II. 3 (Jam.) Daft 3
e ye come here..To cast a at Reikie’s cross?
P. Parley's —_ poral is cn pons ag 5
vin; nner- Ms
Sta chchiccactak Ta
_ on A race run in one heat. (U7. S.)
1881 Standar They certaii ined ..
the word ‘ dash’, Beg ont oh race Lege one oe
12. =DasH-BoarRD I. a
X in Knicut Dict. Me x!
874 omy rong ech. 1893 () by an Oxford
13. The Dasuer of a churn, esp. the plunger of
the old upright or dash-churn; hence dash-boards,
the fixed beaters in a barrel-churn.
1847 in HaLtiweLi. 1877 in V. W’. Linc. Gloss.
14. Comb. dash-guard, the metal plate which
protects the platform of a tram-car from being
splashed by the horses; dash-lamp, a carriage
lamp fixed in the centre of the dash-board or
‘dash’; +dash-line=DasuH sb. 7; dash-rule
(Printing), a ‘rule’ or strip of metal for printing
a dash across a column or page. Also DasSH-BOARD.
1684 R. H. School Recreat. 120 The dash Lines . . above
| and below, are added only when the Notes ascend above the
pari or descend below it. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Dash-
rule.
|| Dash, sé.2 [Corruption of Dasnrr, through
taking the pl. dashees as dashes.) A gift, present,
gratuity ; = DASHEE.
1788 Fatconsripce A/*. Slave Tr. 7 The Kings of Bonny
.. to whom .. they usually make presents (in that country
termed dashes). 1867 Smytu Sailor's Word-bk., Dash, the
present with which bargains are sealed on the coast of
Africa. 1881 Mem. Geo. Thomson ix. 119 We called in the
head man and gave hima dash proportioned to the kindness
with which he had received us.
Hence Dash v., to give a present to, to ‘tip’.
1861 Du Cuanu Eguat. A/*. xiii. 191, 1..offered to dash
him (give him some presents). 1881 Alem. Geo. Thomson
x. 139 The head man had ed hima hog.
Dash, adv. [The stem of Dasu v. used ad-
verbially: cf. dang, crash, etc.] With a dash: see
the various senses of the sb. and vb.
1672 Vituiers (Dk. Buckhm.) Rehearsal ui. i. (Arb.) 67
T’other’s. .at him again, dash with a new remap @ 1700
Drypben (J.), The waters .. with a murmuring sound,
| dash, upon the ground, To gentle slumbers call. 1787
it
*G. Gamsavo’ Acad. Horsemen (1809) 22 Fall in w
a hackney coach, and he [a horse] will carry you slap dash
against it. J/od, The boat went dash against the rocks.
Da‘sh-board. [f. Dasu v. and sé. + Boarn.]
1. A board or leathern apron in the front of a
vehicle, to gone mud from being splashed by
the heels of the horses upon the interior of the
vehicle. Also, movable sides to a cart for the
same pepo (Halliwell).
my nc Wand. India 172 He fell asleep, his feet over
the board, and his head resting on my shoulder. 1882
Miss Brapvon A/nt. Royal 1. 7 If you fasten the reins
to the dashboard, may trust Felix.
2. The spray-board of a paddle-wheel.
8. Arch. A sloping board to carry off rain-water
from the face of a wall.
1881 Every Man his own Mechanic § 1298 A piece of
wood attached to the face of the wall at an angle and called
a dash-board.
4. Inachurm: see DasH 56.1 ¢:
Dash-buckler: see Das v. III.
Dashed (def), gt a. [f. Dasu v.+-ED1.]
1. Struck violently against or by something ;
splashed ; mingled, tempered, etc.: see the verb.
1646 Crasnaw Steps to Temple Poems 53 Torn skulls, and
dash’d out brains. 1647 H. More Song of Soud un. App.
Ixvii, Their dashéd bodies welter in the weedy scum. a
Town & Country Mag. 88 Half a dozen glasses of dashed
wine. 1879 Eapeey ote Sept. 1126/2 Seeing it [the garden]
present a more or less appearance.
2. Marked with a dash, underlined.
Darwin in Life & Lett. ome II. 154 Your dashed
‘induce’ gives the idea that Lyell had unfairly urged
Murray, ‘ ‘
3. slang or collog. A euphemism for ‘damned
(see DASH v. 11). Hence Da‘shedly adv.
188: W. E. Norris Matrimony III. 300 A dashed pack
of quacks and swindlers, 1888 J. Payn Prince of Blood 1,
xi. 187 He would find himself dashedly mistaken,
|| Da‘shee, s/. Also 8 dasje. [Given by Atkins,
1723, in a List of ‘ Negrish words’ u on the
Guinea Coast.] A gift, present, gratuity. 7
Hence Dashee v., to bestow a dashee on, to ‘tip’.
1705 BosMaN Guinea (1721) 450 After giving them their
Dasje or Present, I dealt with them for the Ivory. 1723
J. Arxins Voy. Guinea (1735) 60 The Negrish Language
alters a little in Kt ome Negrish words .. Attee ho,
TON eo 2 te Zbid. b4 There isa Dashee expected before
: etc. r ereis a c
Shige com wood and water here. /éid. Dos The Fetish . whom
DASHEL.
they constantly Dashee for Health and Safety. id. 169
That Captain. .had..dashee’d his Negro Friends to go on
board and back it. 4
+Da‘shel. Ods. In6 dasshel(l. [f. Dasu v.
+-EL 1, -LE instrumental, as in ¢hreshel, handle.]
A brush for sprinkling holy water; an aspergillum.
1502 phe ts Se Moore (Somerset Ho.), A Holy Water pott
cum le dashell. 1540 Juv. of Plate in Greene Hist.Worcester
- IL App. 5 A. holy water tynnell of selver and gylte, and
a dasshel to the same, selver and gylte.
Dasher (dz‘fo1). [-rr1}.]
1. A person who dashes; sfec. one who ‘cuts’
a dash’; adashing person; a ‘fast’ young woman
(collog.).
1790 Dispin Sea Songs, Old Cunwell (Farmer), My Poll,
once a dasher, now turned to a nurse. 1802 Mar. Epcr-
wortH Almeria (1832) 292 She was astonished to find in high
life a degree of vulgarity of which her country companions
would have been ashamed ; but all such things in high life
go under the general term of dashing. These young ladies
were dashers. 1807 W. Irvine Salmag. (1824) 361 To charter
a curricle for a month, and have my cypher put on it, as is
done by certain dashers of my acquaintance, 1887 PalZ
Mail G. 23 Nov. 3/2 The fast married woman of fashion..
the unmarried dasher of the same species.
2. That which dashes; sec. the contrivance for
agitating the cream in a churn.
1853 Frnl. R. Agric. Soc. X1V.1. 74 The old-fashioned
barrel-churn, the dashers of which are fixed. 1872 O. W.
Howmes Poet Breakf.-t. i. (1885) 26 The empty churn with
its idle dasher.
3. =DasH-BoarD I. U.S.
1858 O. W. Hotes Oxe-hoss Shay, Boot, top, dasher,
from tough old hide. 1859 — Prof. Breakf.-t. i. (1891) 14
By no means. .to put their heels through the dasher.
4. Applied to a hunting-cap.
1802 Sporting Mag. XX. 314 Two new pair of Cordovan
boots..and a black velvet dasher from the cap-maker.
5. A dashing attempt, movement, etc. co//og.
1884 Punch 18 Oct. 186/1 Drop your curb, pluck up heart,
And go at it a dasher !
Dashing (de'fin), 737. sd. [-1NG1.]
1. The action of the verb Dasu (q.v.), in various
senses.
1580 Hottysanp Treas. Fr. Tong, Heurtement, a dash-
ing, astriking. 1694 Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 1. (1711) 47 This
Ice becometh very spungy by the dashing of the Sea. 1805
Soutney Madoc in W. xvii, The dashing of the oars
awaken’d her. 1820 Hazutr Lect. Dram. Lit. 15 The roar
and dashing of opinions.
2. Splashing; concr. a dash or splash (of mud,
etc.) ; plaster dashed or laid roughly upon a wall ;
fig. aspersion.
rggt Percivatt Sf. Dict., Salpicaduras, dashings, con-
spersiones, 1598 Fiorito, Zaccarélle..dashings or spots of
durt or mire. 1635 FULLER Ch. Hist. v. iv. § 24 There isno
dashing on the credit of the Lady, nor any the least insinua-
tions of inchastity. 1809-12 Mar. Epcewortu Adsentee ix,
The dashing was off the walls, no glass in the windows.
8. collog. The action of ‘ cutting a dash’; showy
liveliness in dress, manners, etc.
1802 [see DAsHER 1]. 1806 Surr Winter in Lond. 11.11 Mere
ips of popularity—mere dots of dashing. a1847 Mrs.
aeecos Lady of Manor |. ix. 381 That most tasteless and
disgusting style of manners which for some years past has
obtained the name of dashing ; by which term is generally
understood all that is ungracious, ungenteel, and repulsive.
4. Comb. dashing-iron, the iron frame by which
the dash-board is fixed to the carriage ; dashing-
leather, a leathern dash-board.
184 Hoox Martha, They slipped over the dashing iron
between the horses. 1 W. Fetton Carriages (1801)
I. 206 A dashing leather is fixed on the fore part of a Carriage,
to prevent the dirt splashing against the passenger.
Dashing, #//. ¢. [-1nc2.]
1. That dashes; that beats violently against some-
thing ; splashing. .
c1325 E. E. Aliit. P.C. 312 Py stryuande stremez. .Inon
duaksats dam, dryuez me ouer. 1628 Earte Microcosm.,
Tauerne (Arb.) 34 Like a street in a dashing showre. 1839
T. Beate Sferm Whale 391 The howling winds and dash-
ing waves. ‘ F :
. Characterized by prompt vigour of action;
spirited, lively, impetuous.
1796 Br. Watson Afol. Bible 271 Even your dashing
Matthew could not be guilty of such a blunder, 1796 Burke
Lett. noble Ld. Wks. 1842 11. 267 In the dashing style of
some of the old declaimers. 1874 GrEEN Short Hist. ii. § 7.
95 A bold, dashing soldier. 189r E. Peacock NV. Brendon
. 8 He drove away at a dashing pace.
3. Given to fashionable and striking display in
manners and dress ; that is a ‘ dasher’.
r80r Mar. Epcewortu Belinda xix, Mrs. Freke..was
a dashing, fashionable woman. 1824 W. Irvine 7. Trav.
II. 39 She had two dashing daughters, who dressed as fine
as dragons.
b. ¢ransf. Of things:
stylish, ‘ swell’.
1816 J. Scorr Vis. Paris(ed. 5) 75 The dashing colonnade
of the Garde Meuble. 1847 Dr Gone Sp. Mil, Nun vi.
(1853) 12 A dashing pair of Wellington trousers. :
Dashingly (de‘finli), ado. [-ty2.] In a
dashing manner or style.
1803 Cuatmers Let. in Lifé (1851) I. 476 They were deter-
mined to go dashingly to work. 1837 HAwTHORNE Twice
Told Tales (1851) I. xvi. 25 In a smart chaise, a dashingly
dressed gentleman and lady. be a Dasent Ann. Eventful
a 4) iii, 69 None of that dashingly destructive
worl
Vou. III.
Fashionably showy ;
41
+ Darshism. Ods. nonce-wd. The character of
having deh or being a ‘dasher’.
1788 V. Knox Winter Even. xxviii. (R.), He must fight
aduel, before his claim to complete heroism, or dashism, can
be universally allowed.
Dash-pot, Dash-wheel: see Dasu vz. III.
Dashy (de’fi), a. [f. DasH v. and sd. + -y.]
1. Showy, ostentatiously fashionable, stylish ;
= Dasuine Al. a. 3, 3b. _collog.
1822 Blackw. Mag. X1. 399 New rugs, with swans and
leopards, all so dashy. 1835 /vaser’s Mag. XII, 186 Dashy
suburban congregations. Fs
2. Characterized by hastiness of execution.
1844 Lp. Broucuam A. Luned III. v. 147 The style was..
somewhat dashy, and here and there a little indistinct.
3. Marked with dashes or strokes. somce-2se.
1856 Dickens Left. (1880) I. 425 Many a hand[{writing]
hee seen..some loopy, some dashy, some large, some
small.
+Dasiberd. Ols. Also dasy-, daysy-,
dasa-, dose-, dosa-, dossi-, doziberd(e, dose-
beirde. [The better form is prob. dasylerd =
dazy-beard: see Dazy a. inert, dull. Méatzner
compares LG, désbért, and the same notion ap-
pears in Lowland Sc. dulbart, dulbert = dull-beard,
dullard.] A stupid fellow, dullard, simpleton.
c 1400 Sowdone Bab. 1707 Trusse the forth eke, sir Dasa-
berde. 14.. Nowz. in Wr.-Wiilcker 694/22 Hic duribuccus,
a dasyberd. 1468 Medulla Gram. in Promp. Parv. 114
Duribuccus, pat neuer openep his moup, a dasiberde. ?a@1500
Chester Pl. xii. 5 (MS. of 1592) There is a Doseberd [z. »
Dosseberde] I wolde dear, That walkes about wyde-where.
/bid. 94 Some other sleight I must espie This Dosaberd [v.7.
Doziberde] for to destroy.
Dasill, dasle, obs. forms of DazziE.
Dasje, Daskand: see DASHEE, Dascan,
Dasometer, bad form for DASYMETER.
Dass, Sc. var. of Drss, layer, stratum, ledge.
Dasse, var. Das; obs. form of DasH.
Dassel(l, obs. form of Dazzir.
|| Darssy. [ad. Du. dasje, dim. of das, Das.]
The Cape daman, Hyrax capensis; =Das 2.
rae Mrs. Hickrorp Lady Trader 106 A dassy, or rock
rabbit.
Dastard (dastaid), sd, and a. Also 6 daster.
[Known only from 15th c. Notwithstanding its
French aspect (cf. das¢ard) it appears to be of Eng.
formation. The Promptorium identifies it in sense
with dasiberde ; cf. also dasart, of kindred deriva-
tion and meaning; these make it probable that the
element dast is = dased dull, stupid, inert, f. dase,
Daze; cf. other native formations with the suffix
-ard, as dasart, drunkard, dullard, laggard, slug-
gard.) A. sb.
+1. One inert or dull of wit, a dullard ; a sot. Ods.
c1440 Promp. Parv. 111 Daffe, or dastard, or he pat
spekythe not yn tyme, ovidurus. Ibid. 114 Dastard, or
dullarde, duvibuctius (P. vel duribuccus) c1440 York
Myst. xxxii. 88 What dastardis! wene ye be wee Pan we?
1509 Barciay Shy of Folys (1570) 192 These dronken das-
tardes..drinke till they be blinde. 1530 Pa.scr. 212/r
Dastarde, estovrdy, butarin. 1552 Hutoet, Dastard,
CXCOYS. .SOCOYS, VECOrS. :
2. One who meanly or basely shrinks from danger ;
a mean, base, or despicable coward ; in modern use,
esp. one who does malicious acts in a cowardly,
skulking way, so as not to expose himself to risk.
[1470-85 Matory Arthur ix. iv, As a foole and a dastard
to alle knyghthode.] 1526 SkELton Magny/. 2220 Thou
false harted dastarde, thou dare not abyde. c1537 Thersites
in Hazl. Dods/ey 1. 395, I shall make the dasters to renne
into a bag, To hide them fro me. 1593 SHaks. Rich. //, 1.
i. 190 Before this out-dar’d dastard. a 1661 FULLER Worthies
(1840) III. 41 He was, though a dwarf, no dastard. 1715 Pope
Jliad 1. 427 And die the dastard first, who dreads to die.
1770 LANGHORNE Plutarch (1879) II. 602/2 The greatest
dastard and the meanest wretch in the world. 1808 Scott
Marm., Lochinvar, A \aggard in love and a dastard in
war. 1870 Bryant //iad I. 1. 52 What chief or soldier
bears a valiant heart, And who are dastards. :
B. adj. Characterized by mean shrinking from
danger; showing base cowardice ; dastardly.
c1489 Caxton Blanchardyn liv. 219 Casting away his
dastard feare, 1 Nobody §& Someb. (1878) 292 The
dastardst coward in the world. 1602 2vd Pt. Return fr.
Parnass. uu. v. (Arb.) 48 To waile thy haps, argues a das-
tard minde. 1725 Pore Odyss. 1v. 447 A soft, inglorious,
dastard train. 1866 NEALE Seguences & Hymns 125 We
fling the dastard question from us! |
C. Comb., as dastard-like adj. or adv.
1835 Lytton Rzenzi 1. iii, The clients of the Colonna, now
pressing, dastard-like,round the disarmed and disabled smith.
+ Da'stard, v. Obs. [f. prec.: cf. Cowarn v.]
trans. To make a dastard of; to cow, terrify.
1893 Nasue Chris?’s T. (1613) 73 My womanish stomacke
hath serued me to that, which your man-like stomackes are
dastarded with. 1620 SHELTON Quix. III. xxvi, 186 The
Scholar was frighted, the Page clean dastarded. 1665 DrypEN
Ind. Empr. 1. i, Vm weary of this Flesh, which holds us
here, And dastards manly Souls with Hope and Fear.
+ Da'stardice, -ise. Ods._ [f. Dastarp sd,
+ -#se, -10B, after CowaRDIcE.] Mean or base
cowardice.
1603 Fiorito Montaigne ut. v. (1634) 498 His faintnesse,
dastardise, and impertinencie. 1748 Ricnarpson Clarissa
Wks. 1883 VII. 143, I was upbraided with ingratitude,
dastardice, and [etc. }.
DASYPHYLLOUS.
Da’stardize, v. [f. Dastarp sd, + -1ZE: cf.
CowaARDImzE (of same age).] =DastarD vz.
c 1645 Howe tt Le?#. (1650) Il, 16 To dastardize or cowe
your spirits. @1700 Drypen (J,), Such things..As..would
dastardize my courage. 7748 ICHARDSON Clarissa (1811)
1V. 208 The moment I beheld her, my heart was dastard-
en 1841 Zait’s Mag. 561 To lie .. dastardized in the
ust.
Dastardliness (da'stardlinés). [f. DasrarpLy
@.+-NESS.] The quality of being dastardly.
+1. Inertness or dullness of wit; stupidity. Ods.
1553 GRIMALDE Cicero's Offices 1. (1558) 45 That our appe-
tites obaye reason: and neyther runne before it, nether for
slouth or dastardlinesse dragge behind it. 1557 RecorpE
Whetst. Y iij, But for euery mater to require aied. .it might
seme mere dastardlinesse.
2. Mean or base cowardliness.
156 T. Hopy tr. Castiglione’s Courtyer 1. Civb, Das-
tardlines or any other reproche. 1612 T. ‘Taytor Covi.
Titus i. 14 Alas, our dasterdlines, and timiditie, that faint
before daies of triall. 1684 Manton Z2f. Lord’s Pr. Wks.
1870 I. 223 Observe Peter’s dastardliness..a question of the
damsel’s overturns him. _ 1807 F, WranGuam Serm. Transl.
Script. 10 Their proverbial dastardliness of character.
Darstardling. xonce-wd. [f. DastarD sb. +
-LING, dim, suffix.] A contemptible dastard.
1800 CoLertpcE Piccolom. ww. iii. 53 Will Ze, that dastard-
ling, have strength enough [etc.]?
Dastardly (dastaidli), a [f. Dasrarp sd. +
-LyY 1,
+1. Inert of mind or action ; stupid, dull. Ods.
1567 Maret Gr. Forest 96b, The Owle is called the
dastardly Bird: she is of such slouth and sluggishnesse.
2. Like or characteristic of a dastard; showing
mean or despicable cowardice.
1576 Freminc Panopfl. Efist. 251 A feareful, cowardly,
and dastardly loute. 1603 KNoties //ist. Turks (1638) 333
Losing courage continually, and daily growing more base
and dastardly. 176x Hume Hist. ng. Il. xxix. 157 The
Swiss infantry. . behaved in a dastardly manner and deserted
their post. 1855 Macautay Hist. Eng. 1V. 207 The most
dastardly and perfidious form of assassination. 1872 Spur-
GEON Treas. Dav. Ps. lv. 12 III. 19 The slanders of an
avowed antagonist are seldom so mean and dastardly as
those of atraitor. J/od. A dastardly outrage.
Like a
+ Da'stardly, adv. Obs. [-1y%.]
dastard ; in a cowardly manner.
1552 Hutoet, Dastardly, or lyke a dastarde, pus/llani-
miter, a@1649 Drumm. or Hawtin. Skiamachia Wks. (1711)
zor And the brave men of Scotland all the while shall ly still
quiet..calling dastardly upon a parliament
+ Da‘stardness. 00s. [-NEss.]
1. Inertness of understanding, stupidity, dullness.
1552. Hutort, Dastardnes, socordia, 1562 ‘Turner
Herbal u. N iij b, By dastardnes and weiknes of mynde.
2. Base cowardice, dastardliness.
151g Horman Vile. 55 He rebuked him of his dastardnes
and pekishnes. 1639 Futter Holy War iv. xix. (1840) 211
The dastardness of the Egyptians made these mamalukes
more daring.
Dastardy (da'stiidi). arch. Also 6-7 -ic.
[f. Dasrarp 5d. + -y, after cowardy, bastardy.)
The quality of a dastard; base or mean cowardice.
1588 ALLEN Admon. 19 The whole world deriding our
effeminate dastardie. 16x Speep //ist. Gt. Brit. 1x. viii.
22 Farre from any suspition of dastardy. @ 1640 JACKSON
Creed x1. xxiv. Wks. X. 461 Which did especially aggravate
the Israelites dastardy. 1706 Cottirr Rel. Ridic. 298 We
must bear with those that are above us ..without dastardy
and baseness. 18g0 Biackiz @schylus 11, 168 Why run
ye thus. .into the hearts of men Scattering dastardy?
Daster, -liness, obs. var. DASTARD, -LINESS.
+Daswen, v. Ods. Also 4-5 dasewe(n.
[Closely related to dase-2, to Daze. The suffix
may be as in herwen, harwen, harewen, occurring
beside hertzen, herien, mod. harrow and harry,
from OE. hergéan. The word would thus be
a parallel form to *daszjen, *dasten, from dasi}
adj.: see Dazy.] z¢r. Of the eyes or sight : To
be or become dim.
1382 Wycur Devt. xxxiv. 7 The ey3e_ of hym [Moses]
daswed not. — 1 Sav. iii. 2 Heli leye in his place, and
his eyen daswiden. c¢1386 Cuaucer Mancifple's Prod. 31
‘Thyn eyen daswen eek [v. xr. dasewen, dasen, dasowepe].
¢1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 68 Myn izen daswen, myn heer
is hoore. c1440 Promp. Parv. 114 Daswyn’ [printed
Dasmyn’], or messen as eyys (H., P. dasyn, or myssyn as
eyne), caligo. 1496 Dives § Paup. (W. de W.) vit. xvi.
343 Age. .feblenesse, dasewynge of syght.
b. pa. pple.
¢1384 CHaucer H. Fame u. 150 Thou sittest at another
booke Tyl fully dasewyd ys thy looke. 14.. Hoccreve To
D&, Bedford'g Myn yen hath custumed _bysynesse So
daswed. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour F j b, Ye be dasewed
and sore dyseased of your syght and wytte.
Dasy(e, obs. form of Daisy, Dazy.
Dasyll, obs. form of DAzz.E.
Dasymeter (désimétoz). Improperly daso-.
[mod. f, Gr, dacd-s dense + pérpov measure.] An
instrument for measuring the density of gases.
1872 Yeats Techn. Hist. Comm, 404. The manometer, or
dasometer, for finding the density or rarity of the atmosphere.
1874. Knicut Dict, Mech., Dasymeter .. consists of a thin
glass globe, which is weighed in the gas and then in an
atmosphere of known density,
[f Gr.
Dasyphyllous (desifi‘les), 2, Bot.
dacv-s rough, hairy + @vAA-ov leaf + ous.] ‘ Having
hairy or woolly leaves’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.).
6*
DASYPOD.
dee'sippd). Zool. [f. generic name
Dasypus,ad. Gr. , Sagumod-, hairy or rough-
peepee | Of or pertaining to Dasypus, a genus of
arm: H
an animal of this genus. Hence
Dasy'podid sb., Dasy’podine a,
(deesiprp*kta). Zool. [mod.L.,
ll
f. Gr. 3acdmpwxr-os having hairy buttocks (f. daov-s
hairy + mpoxrds buttocks):] A genus of South and
Central American rodents, the agoutis. Hence
Dasypro‘ctid a, (sd.), Dasypro‘ctine a.
1875 Bake Zoo/. 67 Hares are rarest in South America,
where their place is occupied by the Cavies and dasyproctine
“Dasypygal (desipsigil), a. Zool [mod. f
zsipai‘gail), a. Zool. [mod. f.
Gr. Bacbnvy-os (f. daav-s hairy + ndyq rump, but-
tocks).] Having hairy buttocks, rough-bottomed,
Fela Brake Zool. 17 The higher dasypygal or anthropoid
(dee'sijitier). Zool, [ad. mod.L.
dasyiirus, f. Gr. dagv-s rough, hairy + odpé tail.]
An animal of the genus Dasyurus or subfamily
Dasyurine, comprising the small carnivorous
marsupials of Australia and Tasmania, also called
‘ brush-tailed opossums’ or ‘native cats’.
1839-47 Topp Cyc. Anat. III. 261/2 The Opossums re-
semble in their dentition the Bandicoots more than the
Dasyures, 188x Zimes 28 Jan. 3/4 The smaller pouched
herbivores have their slayers in the ‘native devil’ (sarco-
Philus), and in the dasyures or native cats.
Hence Dasyu'rine a. Zool., belonging to the
subfamily Dasyurinx.
1839-47 Toop Cycl. Anat. III. 260/1 In..its hinder feet
Myrmecobius resembles the Dasyurine family.
at, obs. form of Daut v., Sc. to fondle.
Data (déita), pl. of Datum, q.v.
Datable, dateable (détab’l), a.
v.+-ABLE.] Capable of being dated.
1837 Fraser's Mag. XVI. 40x Dateable contemporary
inscriptions. 1884 A thenzumt 19 Jan. 94/1 The oldest datable
Reynolds in the gallery.
tal (dztal), a. rare. ([f. L. datum Date +
-AL.] Of or pertaining to date; chronological.
1882 Bradshaw's Railw. Manual, The Parliamentary
Intelligence. . first appears in datal order,
Datal, dataller: see DayraLE, DAYTALER.
Datary ! (dé'tari). [ad. mod.L. datarius, It.
datario, {. L. dat-um, It. dato, Dat: ancient L,
had dafarius adj. in sense ‘to be given away’.]
1. An officer of the Papal Court at Rome, charged
with the duty of registering and dating all bulls
and other documents issued by the Pope, and re-
presenting the Pope in matters relating to grants,
dispensations, etc.
1527 Knicut in Pocock Rec. Ref. I. xxviii. 58 The datary
hath clean forsaken the court. 1533 Bonner Let. fo Hen.
VIJIT in Froude //ist. 11. 145, I desired the datary to adver-
tise his Holiness that I would speak with him. 1691 W. B.
Hist. Roman Conclave i. 2 The Datary, the Secretaries,
and all such as have in their keeping the Seals of the
deceased Pope, are obliged to surrender them. 1825 C.
Butter Bk. &. C. Church 112 The lips of a Roman datary
would water at the sight of a bill of an English proctor.
+ 2. An expert in dates; a chronologer. Ods. rare.
1655 Futcer Ch. Hist. un. v. § 7 Die guinto Fria, 3 Iam
not Datary enough to understand this. a 1661 — Worthies
1. (1662) 329 Let me onely be a Datary, to tell the Reader,
that this Lord was created Earl of Portland, February 17
[{f. Date
[1632].
atary *. [ad. mod.L. dataria: see prec.
The office or function of dating Papal bulls pel
other documents; a branch of the Apostolic
scape at Rome separately organized in the
13th c. for this and other purposes : see prec.
c 1645 Howe. Lett. (1650) 1. 55 Besides the jog shy
dominions, he hath ..the datary or dispatching of bulls.
1667 Lond. Gaz. No. ge The next day.. the Datary was
kept open, and savers usinesses dispatcht. 1838 J. R.
Hore Scorr Let. in Mem, (1884) 1. ix. 168 It is supposed to
bein the Datary.
b. attrib. or adj.
1688 Burnet Lett. Pres. State of Italy 113 It may bring
in more profit into the Datary rt. f
Date (dat), sd.) [a. OF. date (13th c. in Littré),
now datte :—L. dactyl-us, a. Gr. Bdervdos date, orig.
finger. The OF. came through intermediate forms
*dactele, dacte; cf. Pr. déctil, datil, Sp. datil, Olt.
dattilo (whence Ger. datte/, etc.), mod.It. dattero,]
1. The fruit of the date-palm (Phenix dactyli-
fera), an oblong drupe, growing in large clusters,
with a single hard seed or stone, and sweet pulp;
it forms an important article of food in Western
Asia and Northern Africa, and is also dried and
exported to other countries.
cxag0 S. Eng. Leg. 1. 380/115 A 3e0rd of palm cam in is
hond. .be 3 was ful of Dates. ¢xq400 Lan/ranc’s Cirurg.
HA It is schape as it were be stoon of a date. ¢ 1400
aunpey. (Roxb.) haa pe Palme treesse berand dates. 1853
Even Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 19 A tree .. which bringet
foorth dates lyke vnto the Palme tree. 1655 Mourer &
Benner /fealth's Improv. (1746) 297 Dates are usually put
into stew'’d Broths .. ive Cullices, 1712 tr.
Pomet's Hist. Drugs 1. 136 Dates. .serve for the Subsistence
of more than an hundred Millions of Souls. 1870 Years
Nat. Hist. Comm. 183 The best dates come to us from
‘Tunis, via Marseilles.
42
2. The tree which bears dates, the date-palm
(Phenix dactylifera). Wild Date: an Indian
species, P. sylvestris.
the
t of the cultivated
+3. Name of a variety of plum. Ods.
1664 Evetyn Kal, Hort. (1729) 214 Plums, Imperial, Blue,
White Dates. ‘
4. Comb., as date-fruit, -grove, -stone, -tree;
date-bearer, a date-tree bearing fruit; date-
brandy, an intoxicating liquor from the fermented
sap of the date-tree ; date-disease, a distemper
also called Aleppo boil; date-fever = DENGUE
a quot.) ; date-palm = sense 2; date-plum,
e fruit of species of Diospyros (N.O. Ebenacex),
having a flavour like that of a plum ; also the tree
itself ; date-shell, a mollusc of the genus Zzt¢ho-
domus, which burrows in stone or rock; so called
from its shape ; cf. It. dat/ero, dattilo ‘also a kinde
of hard shell fish’ (Florio 1598); date-sugar,
sugar from the sap of the wild date-tree of India ;
date-wine, wine made by fermenting the sap of
the Phenix dactylifera and other species.
1880 L. Wattace Ben-Hur 225 The sky palely blue through
the groinery of countless *date-bearers. 1827 Macinn Red-
nosed Lient. in Forget-me-not, * Date-brandy was not to his
taste. 1875 tr. Zicmssen's Cycl. Med. U1. 508 At Port
Said ..it [dengue] was epidemic every year at the season
of the date-harvest, and thus acquired the name of *date-
fever. 1884 J. Cotvorne Hicks Pasha 85 The river .. is
lined with stately *date-groves. 1837 M. Donovan Dom.
Econ. 11. 347 The phoenix dactylifera or *date-palm. 1877
A. B. Epwarps Up Nile iii. 57 A dense, wide-spreading
forest of stately date-palms. 1866 77veas. Bot. 411 The fruit
of the Chinese “Date Plum, D{ospyros] Kaki, is as large as
an ordinary apple.. D. virginiana is the Virginian Date
Plum or Persimon..The fruit..is an inch or more in dia-
meter, 1882 Syd. Soc. Lex., Date plum, Indian, common
name for the fruit of the Diospyros lotus. 1851 WoopwarD
Mollusca 266 The ‘ *date-shell’ bores into corals, shells, and
the hardest limestone rocks. 1696 Auprey Misc. (1721) 60
‘Take 6 or 10 *Date-stones, dry. . pulverize, and searce them.
1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII. 104 *Date-sugar is not so much
esteemed in India as that of the cane. c1400 Rom. Rose
1364 Fyges, and many a *date tree There wexen. 1535
CoverpaLe Song Sol. vii. 7 Thy stature is like a date tre.
1601 Hotianp P/iny xin. iv. (R.), Date-trees love a light
and sandie ground. 1852 Grote Greece 1. lxix. 1X. 47 ‘The
soldiers. ..procured plentiful supplies. .of *date-wine.
Date (dzit), sd.2 Also 5-6 Sc. dait. [a. F.
date, OF ..also datte (13th c. in Littré)=Pr., Sp.,
It. data fem.:—L. data fem. sing. (or neuter) of
datus given. In ancient L., the date of a letter
was expressed thus ‘ Dabam Rome prid. Kal. Apr.’,
i.e. ‘I gave or delivered (this) at Rome on the
31st March’, for which the later formula was
‘ Data Rome, given at Rome’, etc. Hence data the
first word of the formula was used as a term for the
time and place therein stated. Cf. postscrift, etc.]
1. The specification of the time (and often the
place) of execution of a writing or inscription,
affixed to it, usually at the end or the beginning.
¢1430 Stans Puer 97 in Babees Bk. 33 In bis writynge,
pou! er be no date. 1512 Act 4 Hen, VIII, c. 10 A paire
of Indentures..the date wherof is the xij* daie of Aprill in
the secound yere of your ..reigne. 1 Lp. Dorcnester
in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. 267 III. 259, I have received your
Letters of severall dates. 1712 STEELE Sfect. No. 320 P 4
A long Letter bearing Date the fourth Instant. 1827 W.
Seiwyn Law Nisé Prius (ed. 4) U1. 883 The policy should
be dated... The insertion of a date may tend to the discovery
of fraud. ag Hla recap Bacon Ess. 1854 1. 353/2 A public
— —- aoe net — —_ a of
rancis on. 1837 Penny Cycl. . 330 A three-halfpenny
piece. .bearing the date da j ’
2. The precise time at which rcheren J takes
place or is to take place ; the time denoted by the
date of a document (in sense 1).
1330 R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 47 tyme he died .,
Pte atlas usand & sextene mo. x appeere P. Fi. 3: Eg
269 In pe date of owre te, in a drye apprile, A
and thre hondreth tweis thretty and ten. c 1400
Roxb.) iii. g Pe date when pis
fore pe incarnacion of Crise.
His days and times are past, And my reliances on his fracted
dates Haue smit my credit. 1776 Trial of Nundocomar
74/2 When was it?—I only remember the sum: I do not
remember the date. 1838 Lyrron Lei/a u. i, That within
two weeks of this date thou bringest me ., the keys of the
city, 1893 Weekly Notes 68/2 Up to the date at which he
received notice.
b. More vaguely : The time at which something
happened or is to happen; season,
c1328 EZ. E. Allit. P. A. 540 Pe date wet
con w. ¢x400 MaunpeEv. 1839) iii. 18 The e whan
it was leyd inthe Erthe. 1639 tr. Du Bosg's Compl. Woman
1, 32, I would faine know .. of what date they would have
their Habits. 1647 Crarenvon //ist. Reb. 1. (1843) 17/1
From these .. mstances. .the duke’s ruin took its date.
1764 Go.vsm. 7'rav. 133 Not far remov'd the date, When
commerce > poodle flourish’d through the state, 1828
Cartyte Misc. 1, 222 Up to this date Burns was happy.
3. The period to which something ancient
belongs ; the age (of a thing or person),
sande
AUNDEV,
was writen..was ii™ 3ere
1607 SHAKS. 7¥mon U1. i. 22
re pe lorde
DATE.
e1325 E. E, Allit. P, A. 1039 Vehon in scry a name
con ig, Of irael tars fclewande her date, Pat to,
t. 405
Freeman Norm. Cong. (1 IIL. xiii. Rich in -
antiquities of Roman date.” 9) a,
4. The time during which something lasts ;
period, season; duration ; term of life or existence.
13.. Chron. Eng. 972 in Ritson Met. Rom. 11, 310 Thah
the sone croune bere The fader hueld is date here. ¢ 1386
Cuaucer Can, Yeom. Prol. §& T. 858 Neuere to thryue were
to long a date, op 92 Lypc. Secrees 421 So to perseuere
and lastyn a lon; te. 1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist.
(Camden) I. 153 Miserablie finishinge the date of her dayse.
1667 Mitton /. L. x11. 549 Ages of endless date Founded
in righteousness. 1676 DrypEen Aurengz. iv. i. 1725 To
lengthen out his Date A Day. 1782 Cowper Lett, 11 Nov.,
When the date of youth is once expired. 1890 R. Bripces
Shorter Poems ut. vi, Her [a flower’s] brief date.
5. The limit, term, or end of a period of time, or
of the duration of something. Ods. or arch.
cs E. E. Allit. P. A. 492 is no date of hr -
Pi ad 1447 BokENHAM a rs 41 Fer in age io
runne and my lyves date Aprochith faste. 1 Tottell’s
Misc. (Arb.) 129 The dolefull dayes draw slowly to theyr
date. a 1600 Rite Poems, Kee to Marlowe vi, But
could youth last, and love stil b a Tad oF pages no date, nor
age no need. c1600 SHaxs. Sonn. xiv, Thy end is Truthes
and Beauties doome and date. 1712-4 Pork Rafe Lock m.
171 What Time would spare, from Steel receives its date.
1784 Cowrer Task v. 529 All has its date below ; the fatal
hour Was registered in aaven ere time began.
+6. 2A fixed decree. Ods. (Cf. med.L. datum
‘statutum, decretum’ (Du Cange).
¢1470 Henry Wallace u. 195 Is this thi dait, sall thai our
cum ilkane? On our kynrent, deyr God, quhen will thow
rew? /Jbid. v1. 97 What is fortoune, quha dryffis the dett so
fast ? [v. ». drawis the dait].
7. Phr. Out of date (attrib. out-of-date): out of
season ; no longer in vogue or fashion, or suitable
to the time; obsolete, antiquated; also advb., as
in 40 go out of date, to become obsolete or old-
fashioned. (Arought, written, posted) up to date:
said in book-keeper’s phrase of accounts, a journal,
ledger, etc. ; hence, fe. up to the knowledge, re-
quirements, or standard of the time (co//og.).
1608 Row.anps //um. Looking Gl, 10 Choller is past, m
anger’s out of date. 1707 Cottier Refl. Ridic. 291 Till
she’s out of Date for Matrimony. a1734 Nortu £xam.
i. vi, § 13 (1740) 432 With his wire-drawn Slanders and
out-of-date Rigections, 1824 Mepwin Convers. Byron
(1830) I. 124 Shakespeare’s Comedies are quite out of date ;
many of them are insufferable to read. 1868 Freeman
Norm. Cong. (1876) 11. App. 538 An idea which had alto-
gether gone out of date. Duke Probl. Gr. Brit. 1.
. vii, I... tried to bring my volumes up to date. 1893
Vestm. Gaz. 9 Mar. 6/3 The two gentlemen. .who invent
the Gaiety boven ‘up to date’—and gave this
phrase to the language.
8. Comb., as date-stamping; date-line, a line
relating to dates; sfec. the line in the Pacific Ocean
(theoretically coincident with the meridian of 180°
from Greenwich) at which the calendar day is
reckoned to and end, so that at places east
and west of it the date differs by one day; date-
mark sd., a mark showing the date ; sfec. a letter
stamped upon gold or silver plate, denoting the
year of manufacture ; hence as vd, (nonce-wd,), to
mark with something that shows the date or age.
1880 Libr. Univ, Knowl. V1I1. 80 *Date-lines .. occur in
i between islands that have received dates
Wy eastward, and .. by westward communication. 1892
. ¥. Nation 2x Apr. 304/t He has provided an index, but
.. 80 simple a device as the running date-line should not
have been neglected. 1850 Zcclesiologist X. 181 It is devoid
of distinctive *date-marks, the vague ed vault-
ing. 1890 Whitaker's Almanack 636 By the following table
oft the age of any piece of manufactured in
London and assayed at Goldsmiths’ Hall may be ascer-
nee rOge Times fag bape = a has been
date-mar' so to §) t iefs ..
time or of the place. 1886 Patt Matt G. x2 Aug. 5/2 The
*dat ping app on the [of a ticket-office].
Date (dé't), v. [f. Dare sd.2: cf. F. dater, Sp.
datar to date.) SE
1. ¢vans. To affix the date to (a writing, ete.) ; to
furnish or mark with a date. A letter is said to
be dated the — of writing named in it.
E. E. Wills (1882) 94 Dated, 3ere & day aboveseyd.
1 ALSGR. 507/r Bycause you use nat to date them
{letters I wotte nat whyther to sende to you. 1682 Scar-
LETT es 100 A Bill dated the of January.
171a STRELE eg No. 308 P 5 The follo f Sv
from Yor! 27% Jane Austen Pride & (1833)
172 compo —- hae letter. .It was e-4 i.
at to in morning. .
‘2 A blank transfer .. neither ane nee executed Sapte
k nor stamped, Z
2. To ascertain or fix the date or time of (an
event, etc.) ; to refer or assign to a certain date, to
moe aang ea
Li 7 ’
i Galea ae Zz 297 the
HI
yeare of their Maioralty may date the building, or repaire
of some Conduit. S Pee Hymn to Sun ii, From the
blessings they bestow, Our times are dated, and our eras
DATED.
move. 1720 Swirt Mod. Education, 1 date from this era
the corrupt method of education among us. 1844 Lincarp
Anglo-Sax. Ch, (1858) 11. ix. 52 Every Christian Church
which dates its origin from any period before the Reforma-
tion. 1865 Tytor Zarly Hist. Man. v.91 ‘The art of dating
events.
b. To reckon chronologically or by dates.
182. Byron Zo C’tess Blessington iv, My life is not dated
by years—There are moments which act as a plough. 1837
Disraeut Venetia u. i, Life is not dated merely by years.
e. absol. To count the time, reckon.
a@1742 BentLey (J.), Whether we begin the world so many
millions of ages ago, or date from the late zra of about six
thousand years. 1 Med. Frul. XVII. 27 Six full days
had.. . dating from the time when the eruption ap-
+3. To put an end or period to. Ods.
1589 GREENE —— (Arb.) 25 Alledging how death at
the least may date his miserie. 1612 T. ‘Taytor Comm.
Titus iii, 2 The precept is neuer dated, but in full force.
@16x8 Sytvester F fist, v. 11 His matchlesse Art, that
never age shall date. :
+4. To assign a time or duration to. Ods. rare.
1676 Hate Contemp. 1. 67 The studies of Policy, Methods
of War. .are all dated for the convenience and use of this life.
+5. To give (oneself) out as. Ods. rare.
1612 CHAPMAN Widowes T. Plays 1873 III, 11 A Spartan
Lord, dating himselfe our great Viceroies Kinsman.
+6. Zo date from: to refer or ascribe to (a par-
ticular origin). Obs. rare.
1725 N. Rosinson Th. Physick 150 As we have dated the
immediate Cause of all Acute Diseases, especially Fevers,
from the Contraction of-the Solids.
7. intr. (for reft.) To bear date, be dated ; to be
written or addressed from (a specified place).
1850 Rossetti Dante § Circ. 1. (1874) 27 Dante's sonnet
probably dates from Ravenna. 1874 Deutscu Rew. 363
Arecent..edition dates Wilna 1852. Mod. The letter dates
from London. 7
8. To assign itself or be assigned to a specified
time or period; to have its origin, take its rise
Jrom a particular time or epoch.
a@1828 KE, Everett piehae, The Batayian republic dates
from the successes of the French arms. 1846 Grote Greece
1. i. I. 68 The worship of the Sminthian Apollo dates before
the earliest periods of AZolic colonization, 1856 Kane Art.
Expl. I. xi. 27 We learned that the house dated back as far
as the days of Matthew Stach. 1868 FreeEMAN Worm. Cong.
(2876) II. viii. 177 Two stately parish churches, one ofthem
dating from the days of Norman independence.
b. To rank in point of date or standing 77th.
1827 Hoop Plea Mids. Fairies xxviii, For we are very
kindly creatures, dating With Nature’s charities.
Date, obs. form of Daur v. Sc., to fondle.
Dateable : see DaTaBLe.
Dated (dzitéd), Af7. a.
+ -ED.
1. Marked or inscribed with a date.
1731 Pore Ep. Burlington 135 To all their dated Backs
he turns you round; These Aldus printed, those Du Siieil
has bound. 1881 H. B. Wueattey Cath. Angi. Pref. p. ix,
The Catholicon is specially valuable as a dated Dictionary.
+2, Having a fixed date or term. Oés.
1586 MartoweE 1st Pt. Tamburl. u. vi, The loathsome
circle of my dated life. 1592 Nasue P. Penilesse (ed. 2) 18 b,
‘That can endow your names with neuer dated glory. 1718
D'Urrey Grecian Heroine ui. ii. in New Ofera’s (1721)
122 His dated time comes on.
Dateless (déttlés), a. [-LESS.]
1. Without a date, bearing no date, undated.
1644 Prysne & Wacker Fiennes’s Trial 5 A Note. .with-
out name or date, with a datelesse, namelesse Paper in-
closed. 1798 W. Taytor in Monthly Rev. XXVII. 514
A dateless account. .inserted after the edict for its abolition.
z Spectator 4 Apr., Here is a dateless letter.
. Having no limit or fixed term ; endless.
1593 Suaks. Rich. IJ, 1. iii. 151 The datelétse limit of thy
deere exile. 1624 Darcie Birth of Heresies 108 Thy date-
lessefame. 1811 SHELLEY St. /rvyne Prose Wks, 1888 I. 219
A dateless and hopeless eternity of horror. 1870 LoweLL
Study Wind. (1886) 164 Immortal as that dateless substance
of the soul. i
3. Of indefinite duration in the past ; so ancient
that its date or age cannot be determined; im-
memorial.
1794 CoLerince Poems, Relig. Musings, In the primeval
age a dateless while The vacant shepherd wandered with his
flock. 1814 Worpsw. £-xcursion v1. Wks. (1888) 493/2 From
dateless usage which our peasants hold Of giving welcome
to the first of May. 1849 Ruskin Sev. Lamps iii. § 4. 66
The dateless hills, which it needed earthquakes to lift, and
deluges to mould.
4. dial. Out of one’s senses, crazed ; insensible.
1863 Mrs. Gasket Sylvia's L. 11. 263 Mother is gone
dateless wi’ sorrow. 1867 E. Waucu Dead Man's Dinner
19 (Lanc. Gloss.) They... laid her upo’ th’ couch cheer, as
dateless as a stone,
Hence Da‘telessness, the quality of being date-
less ; the absence of a fixed limit of time.
1660 T. M. Hist. Si . iv. ot The Officers of his
{Monk’s] Army. .agreed. .that the Parliament intended. .to
perpetuate the Nations slavery by their datelesness.
Dater (déitez). [-zR1.] a. One who dates.
b. An apparatus for date-stamping.
16xx Cortar., Dataire, a dater of writings .. the dater, or
dispatcher, of the Pope’s Bulls; an ordinarie Officer in the
Cad. of Rome. 1887 Richford’s Circular, Perpetual hand
ters.
Date, obs. form of DEATH. :
Dapeit, dapet, etc.: see DAHET,
Datholite, erron. var. of DaTouirE.
[f. Dare v. (and 56.2)
.
Dating (détin), v/. sé. [-tnG1.] The action
of the verb Dare, q.v.
1678 Triads of Ireland, §c. Ke He was then in London .,
as I suppose by the dateing of his Letters, 1891 B. Nicuot-
son in A ¢hen@ume 10 Jan. 61/2 As other datings of his are
apparently advanced one year, his dating requires to be in-
quired into. : .
Dation (dé‘fon). [ad. L. dazion-em, n. of action
from dare to give.] ‘The action of giving. ‘ta.
Med. A dose. b. Civil Law. A rendering of L.
datio, ¥. dation, the legal act of giving or con-
ferring, e.g. of an office; esp. as distinct from
donation,
1656 Biounr Glossogr., Dation, a giving, a gift, a dole.
1657 ‘Tomuinson Renou's Disp. 163 That .. quantity of
a medicament which is prescribed .. is a Dosis, for Dosis is
Dation. — Gloss., Dation, the quantity or dosis of any
medicament that is administred to the patient at once. 1889
in Century Dict. (in sense b).
|| Datisca (dati'ska). Bot. [mod.L. (Linnzus
gives no source).] The name of a genus of mono-
chlamydeous exogens (N.O. Datéiscacex) ; D. can-
nabina, the Cretan or Bastard Hemp-plant, is
indigenous to Nepaul and the Levant; its leaves
contain a colouring matter known as datzsca-yellow,
used in dyeing silk, ete. Hence Dati-scin, a gluco-
side, Cy, Hy2 Oj,, allied to salicin, obtained from
the leaves and root of Datisca. Dati-scetin,
C15 Hyp Og, a crystalline product of the decomposi-
tion of datiscin.
1863-72 Warts Dict. Chent, 11. 306 The leaves contain a
peculiar colouring matter, datisca-yellow. Ibid. 307 Pure
datiscin forms colourless silky needles .. By boiling with
strong potash-ley, it is decomposed with formation of datis-
cetin,
Datisi (datai'ssi). Zogic. The mnemonic term
designating the mood of the third figure of syllo-
gisms in which the major premiss is a universal
affirmative (a), and the minor premiss and con-
clusion particular affirmatives (2, z).
The initial d indicates that the mood may be reduced to
Darii of the first figure ; the s following the second vowel,
that this is done by simple conversion of the minor premiss.
1551 T. Witson Logike (1580) 30 The third figure. Da. All
hipocrites count will workes hie holines. ¢2. Some hipo-
crites have been Bishoppes. _s7. Therefore some Bishoppes
have coumpted will workes hie holinesse. 1654 Z, Coxe Art
Logick (1657) 136 The Modes of this Figure are six. Called,
Darapti, Felapton, Disamis, Datisi, Bocardo, Ferison.
1864 Bowen Lagi vii. 200.
Datism (déi'tizm). rare. [ad. Gr. Adriopds
‘a speaking like Datis (the Median commander at
Marathon), z.e. speaking broken Greek’ (Liddell
& Scott).] Broken or barbarous speech; a fault
in speaking such as would be made by one not fully
acquainted with the language.
1617 MinsHeu Ductor, Datisme, when by a heape of
Synonimaes wee rehearse the same things. 1891 Sat, Kev.
14 Nov. 554/2 We can understand that a small Athenian boy
should commit a Datism in Latin: but we cannot see why
the Roman boy should make a neuter verb transitive.
Datival (detai-val), a. Gram. [f. L. dativ-us
(see next) +-aL.] Belonging to the dative case.
1818 Monthly Mag. XLVI. 322 Instead of the genitival
and datival terminations.
Dative (déi'tiv), a. and sb. [ad. L. dativ-us of
or belonging to giving, f. da¢-zs given; in grammar
rendering Gr. do71« (m7Gars), from dorieds of giving
nature, f, 5or-és given.] A. adj.
1. Gram. The name of that case of nouns in
Aryan and some other languages which commonly
denotes the indirect or more remote object of the
action of a verb, that 40 or for whom or which we
do a thing, or 40 whom we give a thing.
cx Gesta Rom. xci, 416 (Add. MS.) The thrid Falle is
datif case, for there are some that are prowde for they mow
gyve. 1580 Hottysanp 7veas. Fr, Tong, A..serueth many
times to expresse the Datiue case: as Ye l’ay donne & mon
‘ere, I gaue it to my father. 1668 Witkins Real Char. 352
he Dative Case is expressed by the Preposition (To). 1879
Rosy Lat. Gram. 1v. 1x. § 1130 The Dative case is used in
two senses only: (A) It expresses the zxdirect object. .(B) It
is used Jredicatively in a quasi-adjectival sense. Mod. The
pronouns me, thee, hint, her, us, you, them, which we now
use both as direct and indirect objectives, were originally
dative forms; the original accusatives are disused.
+2. Disposed to give; having the right to give.
Obs. rare. (In first quot. with play on sense 1.)
.. Piers of Fullham 368 in Hazl. £. P, P, W. 15 To
knowen folke that ben datyff ; Their purches be called ablatif:
‘They haue their izen vocatif. 1656 BLount Glossogr., Dative,
that giveth, or is of power to give.
+3. Of the nature of a gift; conferred or be-
stowed as a gift. (Freq. pent to native.) Obs,
1570-6 Lamsarve Peramb. Kent (1826) 453 All Nobilitie
and Gentrie is either, Native, or Dative, that is to say,
commeth either by Discent, or by Purchase [i.e. acquisi-
tion]. 166x Morcan Sfh, Gentry mm. iii. 28 The first Native
. the second Dative, being given in rewards.
4. Law. a, That may be given or disposed of at
pleasure; in one’s gift. b. Of an officer: Ap-
pointed so as to be removable at pleasure: opposed
to perpetual. ec, Sc. Law. Given or appointed by
a i ora court of justice, not by a testator
or by the mere disposition of law ; pertaining to
DATURA.
such appointment: as in executor dative, an exe-
cutor appointed by decree of the commissary when
none has been appointed by the deceased, an ad-
ministrator ; decree dative, a decree appointing an
executor dative; /estament dative, the decree
confirming and conferring full title on an executor
dative ; ¢u¢or dative, a tutor appointed by the Court
on the failure of tutors-nominate and tutors-at-
law; tutory dative, the office of a tutor dative.
da. Tutor dative, in Rom. Law, one appointed by
the testator, as distinguished from tutor optive.
1535-6 Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 28§ 15 Pryours or governours
dante removable from tyme to tyme. 1575 7. Huntar v.
D. Hunter in Balfour Practicks 115 Sum tutoris ar testa-
mentaris, sum tutoris of law, and sum ar tutoris dative. . The
tutor dative is maid and gevin bethe King. 1651 N. Bacon
Disc. Govt. Eng.M. vi. (1739) 29 They shall certify. .whether
a Prior be perpetual, or dative. 1726 AyLirre Parergon 265
‘Those are term'’d Dative Executors who are appointed such
by the Judges Decree, as Administrators with us here in
England. 1754 Erskine Princ. Sc. Law (1809) 85 If no
tutor of law demands the office, any person..may apply for
atutory-dative. 1796 (¢/t/e), The Testament Dative, and
Inventory of the debts .. justly owing to umquhile Robert
Burns..at the time of his decease. .faithfully made out and
given up by Jean Armour, widow of the said defunct, and
executrix qua relict, decerned to him by decreet dative of the
Commissary of Dumfries. 1848 Wuarron Law Lex.,
Dative. .that which may be given or disposed of at will and
leasure. 1861 Sat. Kev. 25 May 542 In the fourth year of
enry V, all the dative alien priories were dissolved and
granted to the Crown. 1880 MuirHeap Gaius 1. § 154
‘Tutors appointed in a testament by express nomination are
called tutors dative ; those selected in virtue of a power of
option, tutors optive. 1
B. sé. (ellipt. use of the adj.)
1. Gram, Short for dative case: see A.
1520 WuiTINTON //1/g. (1527) 11 Somtyme in the stede of
genytiue case he wyll haue adatyue. 1751 Harris Hermes
11. iv. (1786) 287 The Dative, as it implies Tendency to, is
employed. .to denote the Final Cause. 1861 Max Miter
Se. Lang. vi. 208 'The locative may well convey the mean-
ing of the dative.
attrib. 1868 G. Sternens Runic Mon. 1.
examples of this. .dative-ending.
+2. Sc. Law. A decree dative: see A. 4c. Obs.
1564 Act of Sederunt 24 July (Jam.), We haif given ..
power to our saids Commissaries of Edinburgh, to give
datives, and constitute..executors-datives. 1666 /ustruct.
Commissaries in Acts Sedat. 1553-1790 px 95 If neither nearest
of kin, executor or creditor shall desire to be confirmed. .ye
shall confirm your procurator fiscal, datives always being
duly given thereto before. .After the said datives (but before
confirmation), ve
Datively (déitivli), adv. [f. prec. + -Ly ¥.]
Gram. In the dative case ; as a dative.
1886 Century Mag. XXXII. 893 The pronoun of the first
or second person, used datively.
Dativo-(dctai-vo), combining form of L. dativus,
DATIVE, used in adverbial comb. with other ad
jectives.
1882 F. Hate in Amer. Frnl. Philol. U1. 17 Our infini-
tive, where ¢o precedes it, having been generally, of old,
dativo-gerundial [7.e. of the nature of a dative gerund).
Datolite (de'tolait). Aix. Also erron. datho-
lite (Werner). [Named by Esmark 1806: irreg.
f. initial part of Gr, dareto@a to divide + -Acos
stone: see -LITE.]
A borosilicate of calcium, occurring in glassy
crystals of various colours, in white opaque com-
pact masses, or in botryoidal masses (do/ryoltte).
1808 T. ALLAN Names of Min. 26 Datholite. 1868 Dana
Min. 382 Datolite is found in trappean rocks. ;
|| Dattock (deetgk). [Native name in W.
Africa.] The hard mahogany-like wood of a West
African tree, Detariunt senegalense, N.O. Legumi-
nose ; also the tree itself.
1884 Mitcer Plant-n., ‘ Dattock ', of W. Tropical Africa.
{| Datum (détém). Pl. data (deta). (LL.
datum given, that which is given, neut. pa. pple.
of dare to give.] A thing given or granted; some-
thing known or assumed as fact, and made the
basis of reasoning or calculation; an assumption
or premiss from which inferences are drawn,
1646 Hammonp Ws. (1674) I. 248 (Stanf.) From all this
heap of data it would not follow that it was necessary.
1691 T. Hate] Acc. New /uvent. 128 Out of what Data
arises the knowledge. 1737 Fiecpinc Hist, Register Ded.,
All. .will grant me this datum, that the said. .person isa man
ofan ordinary capacity. 1777 Priesttey Matt. § Spir.
(1782) I. xii. 146 We have no data to go upon. 1807 Hutton
Course Math. U1. 350 The omission of a material*datum in
the calculation. .namely, the weight of the charge of pow-
der. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commw., II. Ixxvi. 9 The his-
torical and scientific data on which the solution. .depends.
b. Comb., as datum-line, -plane.
1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol, (1872) I. vi. viii, Moun-
tains .. can have their relative heights determined only by
reference to some common datum-line, as the level of the sea.
1869 R. B. Smytu Goldfields Victoria 609 Datum Water-
Level, the level at which water was first struck in a shaft
sunk on a reef or gutter, 1882 Gemkie 7ext-bk, Geol. vu.
(1885) 925 The lines of stratification may be used as datum-
lines to measure approximately the amount of rock which
has been worn away. 1885 Science 19 June 499 The hori-
zontal datum-plane adopted by German craniologists.
|| Datura (datitiora’). Bot. [mod.L. ad. Hindi
dhatura, native name of D. fastuosa and D. Metel,
common Indian species used to stupefy and poison.j
6*-2
260 Other
DAUB.
A genus of poisonous plants (N.O. Solanacew), of
which D. Stramonium is the Strammony or Thorn-
apple, supposed to be a native of Western Asia,
but now half naturalized over the warmer temperate
regions of the world ; it is a powerful narcatic.
1662 J. Davies tr. Mandelslo’s Trav. 104 A drug which. .
stupefies his senses..The Indians call this Doutro,
ions or Datura, and the Turks and Persians, Datu/a.
Sia Bevesrooe Hist. India 1.1. iv. 126 From Hindoos
one ake learned..the benefit of smoking datura in asthma.
attrib, 1883 Century Mag. XXVII. 205 Large white
datura blossoms. ‘
Hence Datu‘rine (also Datu‘ria), the poisonous
alkaloid found in the Thorn-apple and other
species ; = ATROPINE.
1832 R. Curistison Poisons (ed. 2) 72 i A peculiar alkaloid,
which has been named Daturine or Daturia.
Dau, var. of Dauw.
Dau (Cursor M. 5108, etc.): see DawEkand Day.
Daub (dob), v. Forms: 4-7 daube, dawbe,
4-5 dobe, 5 doybe, 5-6 doube, 6-9 dawb, 7-
daub. [a. OF. daube-r:—L. dealbire to whiten
over, whitewash, plaster, f. de- down, etc. + albare
to whiten, f. a/bus white. The word had in OF.
the senses ‘clothe in white, clothe, furnish, white-
wash, plaster’; in later F. ‘to beat, swinge,
lamme’ (Cotgr.); cf. curry, anoint, etc. All the
English uses appear to come through that of
‘ plaster ’.]
1. trans. In building, etc.: To coat or cover (a
wall or building) wth a layer of plaster, mortar,
clay, or the like; to cover (laths or wattle) with
a composition of clay or mud, and straw or hay,
ss be to form walls. (Cf. Dab v. 8. )
5 EE. E. Allit. P. B. 313 Cleme hit [the ark] with clay
eoaly with-inne, & alle pe endentur dryuen daube with-
qolen. 1382 Wyciir Lev. xiv. 42 With other cley the hows
to be dawbid. 1483 Cath. Angi. 102 Dobe, dinere, illinere.
1489 Caxton Faytes of A. 1. xxxiv. 145 Thys bastylle muste
be aduironned with hirdels aboute and dawbed thykke with
erthe and clay thereupon. 1515 Barctay Eg/oges iv. (1570)
Civ/1 Of his shepecote dawbe the walles round about. 1530
Patscr. 507/2 Daube up this wall a pace with plaster ..
I daube with lome that is tempered with heare or strawe.
1605 Suaks. Lear u. ii. 71, I will tread this vnboulted
villaine into morter, and daube the wall of a Iakes with him.
e1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 169 Little hutts and hovels
the poor Live in Like Barnes .. daub’d with mud-wall.
1877 NV. W. Linc. Gloss. 243 Stud and mud walling, build-
ing without bricks or stones, with posts and wattles, or laths
daubed over with road-mud.
absol. 1523 Firzuers. Surv. 37 He shall bothe thacke
& daube at his owne cost and charge. 1642 Rocers Naa-
man 534 He falls to dawbing with untempered mortar.
Jig. 1612-5 Br. Hatt Contempl., O. T. xu. vi, He..
faine to dawbe up a rotten peace with the basest perathers
2. To plaster, close , cover over, coat with some
sticky or greasy substance, smear.
1597-8 Br. Hat Saz. vi. i. (R.), Whose wrinkled furrows
..Are daubed full of Venice chalk, 1614 — Recoll. Treat.
174 Take away this clay from mine eyes, wherewith alas
they are so dawbed up. 1658 A. Fox tr. Wurts' Surg.
11. xxviii. 190 She had been plaistered and dawbed with
Salves along time. 1719 De For Crusoe (1840) II. xv. 309
We daubed him all over..with tar. 1832 Lanper Adv.
er II. viii. 26 The women daub their hair with red clay.
a a 1784 Cowrer Jask v, 360, I would not be a king to
be. .daubed with undiscerning praise.
b. To smear or lay ov (a moist or sticky sub-
stance). Also
1646 FuLter Wounded Consc. (1841) 289 For comfort
daubed on will not stick long upon it. 1 Situ
Compl. Housewife 309 With a fine rag daub it often on the
face and hands.
ec. To bribe, ‘ grease’
Hane 5b. 2.)
arjoo B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Dawbing, bribin:;
Grose Dict. Vulg. Tongue, The cull was scragged Rane
because he could not dawb.
3. To coat or cover wth adhering dirt ; to soil,
bedaub. Also fig.
a14so Kut. de la Tour (1868) 31 Her heles, the whiche is
doubed with filthe. = Jove Afol. Tindale 50 Dawbing
eche — with dirte and myer. 1651 C. Cartwricut Cert.
Relis . verities, as would have adorned, and not
dawb'd ¢ Gospel. 1661 Prerys Diary 30 Sept., Having
been very much daubed with dirt, I got a coach and home.
1721 De For Mem. Cavalier {2600) 191, The fall plunged
me in a puddle.. and daubed m Tucker Li.
Nat, (1852) I. 596 Filthy metal ‘that on could not touch
without daubing one’s fin: ine Dickens Old C. Shop
iii, To daub himself wi to the roots of his hair.
1881 Besant & Rice Chap. wa eet 1, xi. (1883) 89 My name
is too deeply daubed pe 5 the Fleet mud; it cannot be
cleansed.
+4. To soil (paper) with ink, or with bad or
worthless writing. Ods.
1589 Marprel. pit. (1843) 6 When men have a gift in
writing, howe easie it is for them to daube a 618
Brapsuaw Unreas. ae (1640) 8x In the proofe of
the Assumption he daubs sixe pages. 1792 SourHEY Lett.
(1856) I. 7 The latter loss, to one who daubs so much, is
nothing.
5. In painting: To lay on (colours) in a crude or
clumsy fashion ; to paint coarsely and inartistically.
Also adsol.
1630 [see DAupep]. 1642 FuLLEeR Holy § Prof. St. v.x.
394 A trovell will serve as well as a pencill to daub on such
thick course — 1695 Dryven tr. Du Fresnoy’s Art
. slang. (Cf. quot. 1876 in
fps Such .
a4
of Painting (L.), A lame, imperfect piece, rudely daubed
over with too little reflection, and too much haste. 1
Bure Regic. Peace i. Wks. VIII. 147 The falsehood of t
colours wl ich [Walpole] suffered to be daubed over that
measure. 1840 Hoop Uf the Rhine a2 Hg It had been
so often ted, not to say daubed, TROLLOPE
Chron. Barset 11. \i.77 He leaned upon his alick, aol and daubed
away briskly at the background.
+6. To cover (the person or dress) wzth finery or
Becine in a coarse, tasteless manner ; to bedizen.
On. or dial.
ng Tiger & Lopce a Glass Wks. (Reldg,)
aie tn tlgeed sag — handsomely it was
statute-lace. y Pome Woman u.
7 ahey dowd, poe Pe " its with gold Bede A
Was. Ge 2) 1 person huge! with go!
Whitby Gloss. A Vey on any itastically dressed.
hs rn To cover with a specious exterior; to
whitewash, cloak, gloss. Ods. ; ‘
1643 Becon Agst. Swearing Early Wks. (1843) 375 atery
ae escape = this ic never aa seem baa
and craftily erst I Suaxs. Rich. 11, ut. v. 29 ‘So
smooth he dawb’d his Vice with shew of Vertue. 1678
Youne Serm. at Whitehall 29 Dec. 31 To dawb and palliate
our faults, is but like keeping our selves in the dark. 1683 tr.
Erasmus’ Moriz Enc. 114 They dawb over their oppression
with a submissive flattering carriage. 1785 [see Dausep].
+b. adsol. or intr. To put on a false show; to
dissemble so as to give a favourable impression.
ce. To pay court ielirs flattery. Obs. or dial.
1605 Suaks. Lear iv. Poore Tom’s a cold. I cannot
daub it further. 1619 W. Waaracy God's Husb. ii. (1622) 52
What auailed it Ananias and Saphira, to dawbe and counter-
feit? 1619 W.Scrater Exp. 1 Thess. (1630) 288 With
such idle distinctions doe they dawbe with conscience.
1650 Baxter Saints’ R, it. xiii. (1662) 508 Do not daub
with men, and hide from them their misery or danger.
1716 Soutu (J. , Letevery one, therefore, attend the sentence
of his conscience ; for, he may be sure, it will not daub, nor
flatter. 1876 W acer Daubing..paying court for the
sake of advantage. Holderness Gloss., Daub, to
flatter, or besmear with rat compliment, with the object of
gaining some advantage.
Daub (d9b), sd. [f. DauBz. In some dialects (d
dab), whence the spelling dad: cf. DaB sb.! ik
1. Material for daubing walls, etc. ; plaster, rough
mortar; clay or mud mixed with stubble or chaff,
used with laths or wattle to form the walls of cot-
tages, huts, etc. Hence wattle and daub (also dab).
1446 Vatton Churchw. Acc. (Somerset Record Soc. 82),
Item for ryses for the dawbes .. ijd. 1481-90 Howard
Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 514 Payd.. ‘for bryngyng of dawbe
and cley in to the said castell. he Manch. Crt. Leet
Rec. (1885) II. 18 For y* caria any mucke, dunge,
dawbe, clay. 1622 R. Hawkins Voy, S. Sea (1847) 113 The
soyle..which, with water..they make into clay, or a cer-
taine dawbe.. 1857 LivincstoneE 7vav. xix. 369 Traders’
houses. . built of wattle and daub. 1876 R. F. Burton Gorilla
L. 11. 22 Heaps of filthy hovels, wattle and daub and dingy
thatch. 1884 Cheshire Gloss. 279 A raddle and dobe house.
b. Anything that is daubed or smeared on. ec.
Jig. Insincere compliments, flattery. dial.
1602 Narcissus 209 (1893) Though with the dawbe of
prayse I am loath to lome her. 1693 Drypen Yuvenal’s
Sat, v1, (R.), She duely, once a month, renews her face;
Mean time, it lies in daub, and hid in grease. 1877 Holder-
ness Gloss., Daub, hypocritical affection.
2. An act or instance of daubing.
1669 A. Browne Ars Pict. (1675) 82 And with two or
three dawbes of your great Pencil, lay it on in an instant.
1721 Key Sc. Prov. 256 (Jam. )Many a time have I gotten
a— with a towel; but never a daub with a dishclout before.
Whitby Gloss., Daub o t’ hand, a bribe; compensa-
tien. *They got a daub o' t’ hand for’ ee
3. A patch or smear of some moist substance,
grease, colouring, etc.
pa ve Poems, Bea Fi ps Young Nymph, (She) bot
‘oes to Bed, Rub off the Dawbs of White an
Red. rs YLOR Anthropol. 418 Their bodies painted with
black daubs.
4. A coarsely executed, inartistic painting.
1761 Sterne 7. Shandy II. xii, And did you step in,
to take a look at the ieee picture? .."Tis a melancholy
daub, my lord! 1784 Cowper Zask vi. 285 That he dis-
cerns diffrence of a Guido froma daub. 1839 MArryat
peat ache in Amer, 1st Ser. 1. 292 A large collection of daubs,
its of eminent personages. 1880 A. H. Hutu
peel age 1.i. 15 A coarse daub of a picture.
5. attrib. or Comd., as daub-hole.
S. Bamrorp Early Days i. os An od Aver
Pan hes house. 1875 Lene Glee OP anbhov
a clay or marl pit.
Daubed (agbd), Ppl. a. [f Dave v. + an
Plastered o with clay, paint, or sticky
me; Me hatieanA, bearing a specious exterior.
Allit. P. B. 492 In t cote bee ee or
da hn a Pallad. oa Husb. 1. 785 Hym liketh best
a daubed — 1s8t Perrie Guazzo’s Civ. Conv, m.
(1586) 125 dawbed, pargetted, and vermilion died
faces. 1598 Marston ?: gmat. 235.6 Glittering in dawbed
lac'd accoustrements. Sir S. tad fgg (2783) 67 67
This daubed piece. .the face hath no similit
Fiecpinc ae 1 XXV,
The painted canvas ane
innocent ; but the da bed hypocrite most criminal.
Dauber (d9 ose {f& Davs v. + -ER1, In
sense I prob. going back to AFr. daudbour, in med.
L. daubator whitewasher, plasterer.] One who or
that which daubs.
+1. One who plasters or covers walls with mortar,
— — a plasterer; one who builds with
au Se
= ‘ ‘
DAUBING.
[c 1300 Lib. Cust. Edw. 1, 1. 99 (Godef.) De de
daubours, de teulers.) 1382 WyctiF /sa. xli. 25 Asa daubere,
ora to-tredens the lowe erthe. 1398 Trevisa
Bi De a XVI. ii. (1495) 553 Claye is erthe..
and wi of dawbers. 1419 Liber Albus
(Rolls Ser) L, 2 ns, plastrers, daubers,
teulers. ¢ Some come’ 2. Percy Soc.) 10 Parys
eiinge that Se och te
2 Kings xii. 12 To them buylded and wroughte in the
house of the Lorde, namely, to the dawbers and masons.
1601 Cornwattyes Ess. xi, Straw, and durt good only for
Thatchers, and Dawbers. Mitton Animadz. vi. (1851)
ieee Meenmepeess ser
ortar. in (a sod
who] under the sobriq “yn =
and near. a 1825 Forsy ve 9 pie Danae, a wwe tined
of walls with clay. or mud, mixed with stubble or short
straw..In Norfolk it is now difficult to find a good dauber.
+2. Onewho puts a.false show on things; a hypo-
critical flatterer. Ods.
Rocers Naaman 425 Put case, thou wert under the
Ministery of a dawber and flatterer. 1653 Baxter Jeth.
Toga B Wasken Epictetus Mor: taak If hh
ALKER Lfictet: lor. 1 e can
despise The fulsome Dawber, and his Merb sengaad
= A coarse or unskilful ter.
baat _— 1. i. §x They were not Artists in
that rather Dawbers then Drawers. 1697
Drvonn Viré. (ro) il. 150 % hath been copied by
many sign- coe Cas 175t Smotietr Per. Pic. (1779)
II. xlii. 55 at is on name of the dauber who painted
that? 1880 Manch. Guard. 31 Dec., 2 Sree see .. in
David Cox something more than a dauber.
4. U.S. A species of sand-wasp : “from the way
in which it daubs mud in forming its nest.
1844 Gosse in Zoologist 11. 582 The little reckgge -informed
me that these were the nests of dirt-daubers. 1889 in Far-
MER Americanisms.
5. Anything used to daub with ; ¢. g. a rag-brush
or stump used to put blacking upon boots, where
it is spread by the blacking-brush.
6. = DasBER _ b (Ogilvie).
Daubery, Th (dg-bari, dO-bri). [f.
DavBER: see -ERY. e practice of daubing ;
the specious or coarse work of a dauber.
1546 Bate Eng. Votaries 1. (1550) 9 To ch up ~_
dauberye of the deuyll, <8 vowed wyw and hus-
bandles chastite. Jézd. Thys dyvinite of yours is but
jn he daubry. 1598 Suaxs. Merry W. 1. ii. 186 She
es by oe by Spels, by th’ Figure, & such dawbry
be iis 5 is. 169; REKE Sed. Ess. xxii. 123 We should
have a gracefu Pal baked not a daubery in expression.
1830 Fraser's Mag. 11. 114 He. .could colour eed side of
any question brought angie beam wig gay daube:
Whitby Gloss., Da: lause doubtfully aaa
sl the Lad a an ind ed announcement,
( Sin), vol. sb. [-ING1,]
a: The action of the vb. DavpB in various senses.
a i Cuinxinc v7. sb.! 2.
Lanct. P. Pd 198 Peers . oy hem alle to
on e, In daubyng pest gr in leluyng. ie
Rec. 111. 241 Temperyng of morter, and latt
gat pe hous. 1544 Churchw. Acc. St. Giles, Reading 70
To a mason for lathyng [an]d dawipyg i a ofan G
Handsom, os 8 yd mead haceslonp a da
and white, olly changed the very nase toclea: ‘ade Soh
A. Fox Wurts' oa, S IL. XV. lon To paves this _o——
ee — =H Dr. ~_s.
zap Dene ou ew. bogs - ae 186 pt and
Puddles whose ill Daubii are
alwaye ready to alfect and damage the Utcasls and orts.
1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. 11. 432 note, Blackening a
character which was black h without such daubing.
b. The putting a false 2 te on anything (0ds.) ;
h itical flattery.
as Serm. 11, Pref., That all court
were pai and their preaching little her than ois
ing. eet. Scott Chr. re SAS ese mL. & 390 God .. 4
through all thé Dawbin, ypoctiais,
Smo.iett 7vav. i. or God Wi Without any daubi:
pou Nat og Sore at Ms ities Seward in Z. sum
et, 001
Such euageeeeed aoakiaa an ae Eppes
upon poor Cowper.
e. a — or inartistically ; hence, a
comely ox eat executed painting.
1654 WuiTLock Zeta pada ‘o such. .offensive Si,
Pencill-dawbing. Orway Orphan Ded., Hasty
will but spoil thee ure. 1713 Pore Guardian No.7 "2,
1 aeons: ¢ his dawbings to be thought ori —_
wrop i 9 How hi in the smoak iteiontt Ta reget!
ow high genius soar? To
or alechouses.. 1 thea
Sir iL 1 Worth'a housefail of vs ‘nates
2. with which anything is danbed ;
os mortar or clay used in daubing walls; rough-
Ww Ezek. Wher is the dawbynge,
ae 2 [261 atin wherwith gt st
1598 F mpiastro, a adaubing. 1650
comb 13 To force and wrong ne. ees Bid
A it. 1. They.. are not too the second
dawbin LK 1806-7 A. ot oo hit (281 ;
I. 49 The old cottages are a “8
Catron a winter 4
the wall were ‘chinked being
“s yellow clay ..
ie -and the bing,
b. A to ag ae re Mech. (U.S.),
a synonym of DuBBinG for
3. antoib, and Comb. ~
cok es Si ts tae ea
DAUBING. ~
Such .. shifting and canvesing, and daubing doings in
a business of such moment. 1663 GeRBIER Couzsel D ja, The
old Norman gotish Lime and Haire-like daubing custome.
Daw bing, #//.@. [-1nc2.] That daubs; es.
that bedaubs with flattery (ods.). Hence Dau-b-
ingly adv., in a daubing manner.
1655 GurNALL Chr. in Arnz. v. § 3 (1669) 84 He hath his
daubing Preachers. . with their soul-flattering. 1676 WycHER-
Ley Pl, Dealer 1, She .. hates the lying, masking, daubing
world. 1682 S. Porpace Medal Rev. Ep.2 As much to the
life, as the —- Whiggs Heroe most daubingly was
lately aimed at, by the Author of the Medal. 1719 W.
Duncomse in ¥. Duncombe’s Lett. (1773) 1. 239 The
ing sycophant. _— i
Daubreelite (dgbrlait). AZ. [f. as next +
-LITE.] A black sulphide of chromium, found in
meteoric iron.
1892 Pall Mail G. 17 Sept. 7/2 The. .constituent parts of
meteoric iron are..numerous compounds, such as ferrous
sulphide (troilite), sulphide of chromium (daubréelite),
calcium sulphide (oldhamite).
Daubreite (dg brzvit). din. [Named 1867
after M. Daubrée, a French mineralogist : see -ITE.]
A native oxy-chloride of bismuth.
1876 Amer. Frul. Sc. Ser. 111. X11, 396.
Daubry : see Dausery.
Daubster (do‘bstaz). [f. Daus, DAUBER: see
-STER.] A clumsy painter; a dauber.
1853 Reape Chr. Fohustone vi. 63 The young artist laughed
the old daubster a merry defiance.
Dauby (dgbi), z. [f. Dau sd, +-y.]
1. Of the nature of or resembling daub; sticky.
ae Dryven Virg. Georg. wv. 54 Th’ industrious Kind
With dawby Wax and Flow’rs the Chinks have lin’d. 1787
Marsuatt Rur. Econ. East Norfolk Gloss., Dauby, clammy,
sticky; spoken of land when wet. 1884 Ufton-on-Severn
Gloss., Dauby, damp and sticky; used of bread made from
‘grown’ wheat. . ‘ ‘
. Given to daubing : dirty, etc. (see quots.). dal.
1855 Rosinson Whitby Gloss., Dauby, untidy, dirty.
Dauby folks, slovenly people in household matters. 1877
N. W, Linc. Gloss., Dauby, dirty. ‘What a dauby bairn
thoo art’. 1877 Holderness Gloss., Dauby..(2) feignedly
affectionate ; @ gaudily dressed, without taste.
3. Of the nature of a daub.
1829 Blackw. Mag. XXVI. 962 The painter’s work—be it
dawby or divine. 1878 Moz/ey’s Ess. I. Introd. 43 A slovenly,
and, to use his own expression, dauby style of writing.
Daud: see Dan sd.? and v.
Daudle, var. of DAwDLE.
Daugh, dauch (day, day”). Sc. Mining.
[Etymol. uncertain: the form points to an earlicr
dalgh, dal}; cf. DAUK.] See quots.
1793 Ure Hist. Rutherglen 289 Daugh, a soft and black
substance, chiefly of clay, mica, and what resembles coal-
dust. 1807 Heaprick Avvaz 217 The dauch which separates
the two seams of coal. 1859-65 Pace Geol. Terms, Douk,
Dauk, or Daugh, applied in mining to beds or bands of
hard, tough clay or clayey admixture; generally without
lamination, and more or less compact and homogeneous.
Hence Dau‘chy a., of the character of daugh.
1 Heaprick Arvaz 217, 8 or ro inches of a dauchy
till. 1845 Whistlebinkie (Sc. Songs) (1890) I. 373 The ice is
dauchie.
Daughter (d6:to1). Forms: a. 1 dohtor, -ur,
1-3 dohter, 3-4 dou3ter, -ir, 3-5 do3ter, -ir,
-ur, 3-6 (9 dial.) dowter, 4 dohuter, -ir, -yr,
dow3ghtur, douther, 4-5 doghtir, -ur, douter,
4-5 (8 Sc.) doghter, 4-6 doughter (dowghter,
5 doughtur, dughter, dowtir, -yr, pow3tur,
thowghter, 5-6 Sc. dochtir, 5-9 Sc. dochter, 6
doughtour, Sc. douchter). £8. (6 dial. dahtorr,
doffter, 6-7 dafter), 6- daughter (riming with
after in Pilgr. Prog., etc.). Plural: see below.
[A Com. Teutonic and Common Aryan word of
~ relationship, OE. doktor (-ur, -er) = OF ris. dochter,
OS. dohtar (MDu., Du., LG. dochter), OHG. tohter
(MHG. tohter, Ger. tochter), ON. détter (:—dohter),
(Sw., Norw, dotter, Da. datter), Goth. dauhtar :—
OTeut.*dohtér; corresp. to pre-Germanic *dhukter
from original *dhughatér, whence Skr. duhitar-,
Zend duydar, Armen. dusty, OSlav. ditstz, Lith.
dukté: cf, also Gr. Ovyaérnp. Generally referred to
the verbal root *dhugh-, Skr. duh- to milk.
The normal modern repr. of OE. doktor, ME. do3-
ter, is doughter, still used in 16th c., and now repre-
sented by Se. dochter, dowchter, north. Eng. dow/er.
The form daughter appeared in the 16th c. (substi-
tuted in Cranmer’s ed. of the Bible for Tindale’s
and Coverdale’s doughter, whence in all later ver-
sions, and always in’Shakspere and later writers),
It appears to be of southern origin, and analogous
to the southern phonetic development of dought,
aub-
~esought, thought : a Wells will of 1531 has dahtorrs :
ene mod. Somerset and Devon (da‘toz).
nm OE. the dative sing. was dehter; genitive dohtor
(sometimes dehter); the uninflected genitive continued in
use to the 16th c. The plural shows a variety of forms, viz.
OE. doktor, -ur, -er (like the sing.), dohtru, dohtra, North-
umb. dohter, dohtero; the first of these app. did not survive
the OE. stage; the form in -z, -a, is represented in early
ME. by Layamon’s dohtere, dohtre; but Layamon has
also dohtren, which survived in S.W. dialect to 1500. Ormin
has dohhtress, and the later text of Layamon dohtres, which
is always found in northern ME., and became the standard
45
form. An umlaut plural de}¢er appears in the West Mid-
land Adliterative Poems of 14th c. and the Troy-book of
c 1400 ; it occurs elsewhere with inflexional endings, dehtren,
dejteres: cf. brether, brethren, The unfixedness of the
form is seen in this, that the earlier text of Layamon has
both dohkteve and dohtren, the later both dohtren and
dohtres; the MSS. of Chaucer also show both doughtres
and doughtren, Hali Meidenhad has dohtren and dehtren,
the Adiiterative Poems de}ter and dejteres.
With the OE. plural forms, cf. OFris. dohtera and doh-
teren, OHG. tohter, tohterd, tohtertin, MHG., with umlaut,
tohter, Ger. tochter, LG. dechter. The original Teutonic
nom. pl. was *dohtriz, in early Norse runes dohtrir, whence
regularly Norse déty, déttr; acorresponding OE. *dahter,
*dehter is not found, but the ME. West Midland deter
may be its descendant. ‘The other forms in the various
languages are later, and analogical. For OE. doktor,
dohtru, -ra, see the similar forms under BroTuer: it is
possible that those in -7z, -va, northern -evo, are assimilated
to -os, -or stems like lombru, -ra, -ero. ME, do3tren, deztren
exemplify the usual passage of vowel plurals in ‘early
southern ME. into the -ez type, and Ormin’s dohtvess the
early ascendancy of -es plurals in the north and midlands. ]
A. Illustration of the plural forms.
+a. OE. dohtor, -ur, -er; dohtra, -ru, -ero ;
ME. 2-3 dohtere, -tre.
cx000 Ags. Ps. xliv. 10 Cynincga dohtor [filie regu).
Lid. cxliii. 15 Heora dohtru [jidiz corun). c1000 Ags.
Gos. Luke xxiii. 28 Eala dohtra hierusalem [c 950 Lindis/.
dohtero, c975 Rushw. dohter, c1160 Hatton dohter).
¢ 1205 Lay. 24509 Comen..bere hehere monnen dohtere.
+B. 4 de3ter, 4-5 deghter.
c1325 Z. £. Allit. P. B. 939 Loth & his lef, hys luflyche
de3ter. oe Destr. Troy 1474 Sonnes .. ffyue .. and pre
deghter. did. 1489 Of his Deghter by dene .. One Creusa
was cald,
+y. 2 dochtren, 3 dohteren, -tren, do3tren,
4 douh-, dou3-, doghtren, 4-5 doughtren.
a@1175 Cott. Hont, 225 3edéir sunen and dochtren. c 1205
Lay. 2924 Pe king hefde preo dohtren [c 1275 dohtres].
c1230 Hal: Meid. 41 Pu schalt .. teamen dohtren & sunen.
1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 509 Hor wiues & hor do3tren. ¢ 1320
Cast. Love 289 Foure douhtren hedde pe kyng. ¢ 1374
Cuaucer Tvoylus wv. Prol. 22 Oye herynes nyghttes dough-
tren thre. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. xiii. 15 Tho ii eldest
doughtren wolde not abide till Leyr hir fadre was deede.
+6. deghtren; 3-5 dehtren, 5 deytron.
¢ 1230 Hali Meid. 19 Alle hise sunnen and alle hise dehtren.
14.. Chron. Eng. 543-5 in Ritson Anc. Metr. Rowt. (1802)
II. (Matz.), Edward hade.. Nine dehtren ant five sones.
c 1420 Chron. Vilod. 367 Pe Bysshop..sayde deytron ycham
fulle hevy.
€. + dohtres, {| doughters, etc.; daughters.
cx2z00 Trin. Coll. Hom. 19 To sunes and to dohtres.
c 1250 Gen. & Ex, 1092 Loth and his do3tres two. ¢1300
Havelok717 Hauelok..And hise two doutres. ¢1325 £. £.
Allit. P. B. 814 His two dere do3terez. c1340 Cursor M.
18983 (Fairf.) 3oure sones and 3oure dou3tris. ¢1386 CHaucer
Nun's Pr. T. 555 Eek hir doghtres two [v.xv. doughtres,
dou3ters, dowhters, doughteryn]. c14s0 Merlix 3 He had
thre doughters and a sone. 1535 CoverDALE Acts ii. 17
Youre sonnes and youre doughters. 1539 CRANMER Zdid.
Youre sonnes and youre daughters.
+¢. 4 deghteres, -tres, de3teres, de3tters.
@ 1300 Cursor M. 9623 Sir, o pi deghteresam Ian. c 1325
£. E. Allit. P. B. 899 py wyf & py wy3ez & py wlonc
de3tters. 77d. B. 933 His wyf & his wlonk de3teres.
B. Signification.
1. prop. The word expressing the relation of
a female to her parents; female child or offspring.
The feminine term corresponding to Son.
a. Form doughter. Obs. exc. dial.
c1000 Ags, Gosp. Matt. xx. 37 Se de lufad sunu odde
dohtor [v. 7. dohtur] sw ypur ponne me. cx1160 Hatton G.
ibid., Se pe lufed sune oo edohter. c 1200 7yix. Coll. Homt.
197 His seuen sunes and prie dochtres. c1340 Cursor M.
155 (Trin.) Mary also hir dou3ter mylde [v.~. doghter,
douther]. 14.. Nominale in Wr.-Wiilcker 691/17, Hic gener,
a dowghter husband. c 1449 Pecock Refr. v. ili. 500 Marie
--bare sones and dou3tris after that sche..bare Crist. 1535
CoverDALE Ezek. xvi. 44 Soch a mother, soch a doughter.
[Sc. and dad. 1609 SkENE Reg. Maj. 33 Gif there be moe
dochters nor ane, the heretage sall be ddided amonst them.
1724 Ramsay Tea-t. Misc.(t733) I. 8 I’m come your doghter’s
love to win. 1793 Burns rob to Cunningham 3 Mar., Do
you know the..old Highland air called ‘ The Sutor’s Doch-
ter’? 1863 Zyxeside Songs 24 For he a dowter had.J
B. Form daughter.
1531 W. Base in Wells Wills (1890) 114 To my to dahtorrs
akow. 1532 T. Bupp 70éd. (1890) 183 To their eldest dafters.
1539 CrANMER JZat¢. ix. 18 My daughter is even now
diseased. 1596 SHaks. 7am. Shr. 1.i.245 So could I ’faith
boy, to haue the next wish after, That Lucentio indeede had
Baptistas yongest daughter. 1684 Bunyan Pilgr. 1. (Han-
serd Knollys ed.) 339 Dispondencie, good-man, is coming
after, And so also is Much-afraid, his Daughter. 1749
FieLpine Jone Fones vi. vii, The misery of all fathers who
are so unfortunate as to have daughters. 1847 ‘TENNYSON
Prine. v. 318 ‘Boys !’ shriek’d the old king, Put vainlier
than a hen To her false daughters inthe pool. [diad. 1864
Carern Devon Provinc., Darter, daughter. 1837 DickENS
Pickw. viii, ‘ My da’ater.’]
2. transf. A female descendant ; a female mem-
ber of a family, race, etc.; a woman in relation
to her native country or place. (Cf. CHILD 9.)
¢ 1000 Ags. Gosp. John xii. 15 Ne ondrzed pu Siones dohtor.
c 1160 Hatton G. ibid., Ne on-drzd pu pe Syones dohter.
ee Wycur Fudg. xiv. x A womman of the dou3tris of
Philistien. — Luke xiii. 16 This dou3tre of Abraham. —
xxiii. 28 Dou3tris of Jerusalem. 1667 Mitton P. LZ. I. 453
The Love-tale Infected Sions daughters with like heat.
1812 Byron Ch. Har. u. lxxxi, Danced on the shore the
daughters of the land. 1833 Tennyson Lady Clara i, The
daughter of a hundred Earls. 1850 — Jz AZem. Concl. ii,
A daughter of our house. 1855 — The Brook 69 A daughter
of our meadows,
DAUGHTER.
3. Used as a term of affectionate address to a
woman or girl by an older person or one in a su-
perior relation. Ods. or arch.
c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. ix. 22 Gelyf dohtor, pin geleafa be
gehelde. c1230 Hali Meid. 3 Jher me dohter he seid.
1382 Wycur Matt. ix. 22 And Jhesus..saide, Dou3ter,
haue thou trust; thi faith hath made thee saaf. 1534
Tinvace 7éid., Doughter, be of good confort. [So 1535
CovERDALE, 1539 CRANMER, 1557 Geneva, 1582 Rheims;
1611, daughter.] 1592 Suaxs. Kom, & Ful. iv. i. 39 Are
you at leisure, Holy Father, now?../77. My leisure serues
me, pensiue daughter,now. 1790 Cowper Odyssey Xxi11. 79
To whom thus Euryclea, nurse belov’d, What word, my
daughter, hath escaped thy lips? :
4. A girl, maiden, young woman (with no express
reference to relationship). Ods. or arch.
1382 Wyciir Song Sol. ii. 2 As a lilie among thornes, so
my leef among do3tres. 1483 Caxton Ca/o E viij b, If
a doughter drynke of the water.. yf she be a mayde she
shal crye. 161x Biste Prov. xxxi. 29 Many daughters haue
done virtuously, but thou excellest them all. 1818 SHELLEY
Revolt of Islam vit. ii. 9 She is some bride, Or daughter
of high birth, : ‘ ;
5. fig. A woman viewed in relation to some one
whose spirit she inherits, or to some characteristic
quality, pursuit, or other circumstance. (A He-
braism of Scripture.) (Cf. CHILD 12, 13.)
1382 Wycuir Zcc?. xii. 4 And alle the do3tris of the song
shul become doumb. — 1 Pet. iii. 6 As Sare obeschide to
Abraham .. of whom 3e ben dou3tres wel doynge. 1738
Westey Wks, (1872) I. 158 A daughter of affliction came to
see me. 1847 TENNYSON Princ. Iv. 259 Eight daughters of
the plough, stronger than men. 185g in Allibone Dict. Eng.
Lit. \. 266 We.. claim her [Mrs. Browning] as Shakspere’s
daughter !
6. fg. Anything (personified as female) con-
sidered in relation to its origin or source.
¢ 1230 Hali Meid. 15 Vre wit is godes dohter. 1340 Ayend.
26 Fole ssame. .is..do3ter of prede. 1667 Mitton P. L. 1x.
653 God..left that Command Sole Daughter of his voice.
1728 Pore Duc. 1. 12 Dulness..Daughter of Chaos and
eternal Night. 1805 Wornsw. Ode to Duty x Stern Daughter
of the Voice of God! O Duty! 1820 SHetiry The Cloud
vi, I am the daughter of earth and water. AZod. Italian,
the eldest daughter of ancient Latin.
b. Applied to the relation of cities to their
metropolis or mother-city; in Scripture to the
smaller towns dependent on a chief city.
1535 CoveRDALE Yosh. xv. 47 Asdod with the doughters
[1611 towns] and vyllages therof. JZod. Carthage the
famous daughter of ‘lyre.
ce. Duke of Exeter's daughter, Scavenger’s {cor-
ruption of Skevington’s] daughter ; names given to
instruments of torture of which the invention is
attributed to the Duke of Exeter and Sir W.
Skevington, Lieutenant of the Tower of London,
respectively. So gunner's daughter, the gun to
which seamen were lashed to be flogged. See
GUNNER, SCAVENGER.
[1642 Futter Holy & Prof. St. w. xiii. 301 A daughter of
the Duke of Exeter invented a brake or cruel rack.] @ 1700
B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Duke of Exeter's Daughter,
a Rack in the Tower of London, to torture and force Con-
fession; supposed to be introduced by him. 1720 Stow’s
Surv. (ed. Strype 1754) I. 1. xiv. 66/2 The Brake or rack,
commonly called the Duke of Exeter’s daughter because he
was the deviser of that torture. 1878 J. Garrpner Rich. ///,
iv. 125 Being. .a prisoner in the Tower, in the severe embrace
of ‘the Duke of Exeter’s daughter’.
7. attrib. and Comb. (usually fig.), as daughter-
branch, -bud, -city, -house, -tsland, -language,
-state; daughter-like adj.; daughter-cell (/70/.),
one of two or more cells produced by the fission
of an original or mother-cell.
1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 510 The rare example
of daughter-like pietie. 1614 Ratreicu Hist. World i. ix.
§ x (R.) A fruitful vine planted by the well side, and spread
her daughter-branches along the wall. 1641 Mitton Keform.
Wks. (1847) 21 This Britannic empire. . with all her daughter-
islands about her. @1721 Prior Celia to Damon 104 And
when the parent rose decays and dies .. the daughter-buds
arise. 187x Marcus Dons tr. St. Aug. City of God 1, 107
How, then, could that be a glorious war which a daughter-
state waged against its mother? 1876 Wagner's Gen.
Pathol. 92 The daughter-cells separate after complete divi-
sion. 1878 Bosw. Smitu Carthage 5 The Phoenicians alike
of the parent country and daughter cities. 1882 Vines
Sachs’ Bot. 139 One of the two daughter-cells (the Apical
Cell) remains. .similar to the mother-cell. 1886 App. BENSON
Prayer at opening Col. & Ind. Exhib, May 4, That all the
daughter-lands of her Realms and Empire may be knit
together in perfect unity.
Hence Dau ghterful a. (xouce-wa.), full of
daughters. Dau‘ghterhood, (a) the condition of
being a daughter; (4) daughters collectively (cf.
sisterhood). Dau'ghterkin (sonce-wd. after Ger.
tochterchen), little daughter. Dau‘ghterless c.,
without adaughter. Dau‘ghterling (so0vce-wd.),
little daughter. Dau'ghtership (once-wd.), the
condition or relation of a daughter.
1830 CarLyLE in For. Rev. §& Cont. Misc. V. 45 In a
daughter-full house. 1835 Tait’s Mag. II. 101 The
motherhood of Great Britain .. and the unportioned daugh-
terhood. 1890 J. Putsrorp Loyalty to Christ I. 250
Daughter, thou hast lost thy divine daughterhood. 1858
Cartyte Fredk. Gt. I. x. i. 571 His poor little Daughter-
kin. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 305 Ye shull for me be
doughterles. 1887 Cornhill Mag. Oct. 434 Wifeless and
daughterless, 1853 C. Bronte Villette xxv. (D.\, What
am I to do with this daughter or daughterling of mine?
DAUGHTER-IN-LAW.
1808 Sourney Leé¢. (1856) II. 65, I shall not condole with
you on the daughtership,
Dau'ghter-in-law. [See Brorner-tn-Law.]
1. The wife of one’s son.
1382 Wyc.iv Ruth i. 22 Thanne cam Noemy with Ruth
Moabite, hir dou3ter in lawe. cx1440 Promp. Parv. 129
Do3tyr in lawe, murus, 1611 Binte Matt, x. 35 The
dau, ts in law against her mother in law. 1886 Besant
Childr. Gibeon u. xxxii, A mother is difficult to please in
the matter of daughters-in-law. . :
2. =SreppaucuTeR. (Now considered incorrect.
Cf. FATHER-IN-LAW 2.) oe
{1530 Parser. 215/1 Doughter in lawe, delle fille.) 1841
Gon. Mag. 1. 312 Isabella, daughter of the late Lieut.
= Raleigh Elwes .. and daughter-in-law to J. Brown,
Daughter-law. Now dial, = DAUGHTER-IN-LAW.
1526-34 TINDALE Matt. x. 25 The doughterlawe ageynst
her motherlawe. 1567 TuRBERVILLE Ovid's Epist. 36
(Halliw.) Thy father would not entertaine In Greece a
daughter-lawe. 1888 Etwortuy W. Somerset Word-bk.,
Darter-lazw, (always) daughter-in-law.
Daughterly (d¢taili), a. [f Davcurer +
-LY 1,] Pertaining to or characteristic of a daugh-
ter; such as becomes a daughter; filial.
1535 More Ws. 1449 (R.) Youre very daughterly dealing.
1 EIGH Armorie (1597) 96b, Mooued to knowe their
seuerall actions and daughterly loue. nice ent ger Tears
Affect. a relate .. the soft tale Of daughterly affection.
1871 H. B. Forman Our mange Sle 231 The mere fear
lest our wives and daughters should .. become less wifely
and daughterly.
Hence Dau‘ghterliness.
1664 H. More £-xf. 7 Epist. Bij b, The Womanishnesse or
Daughterlinesse, if I may so speak, of the Church of Rome.
1882 Argosy XXXIV. 280 She cared for her with a tender
daughterliness. ;
Dauk (d9k). Adining. Also (Sc.) dalk, dawk,
(north Eng.) dowk. [The earlier Sc. form was
evidently da/k, but the north Eng. points to do/k:
the etymology is obscure; cf. DAuGH.] See quots.
1795 Statist. Acc. Stirlings. XV. 329 (Jam.) Below the
coal, there is eighteen inches of a stuff, which the workmen
term dalk. 1829 Sopwitn J/ines Alston Moor 108 In Alston
the contents of the unproductive parts of veins are chiefly
described as dowk and rider. The former isa brown, friable,
and soft soil. 1859-65 Pace Geol. Terms, Dauk or Dawk,
a mining or Page term for bands and beds of tough, com-
ct, sandy clay. 1873 Swadedale Gloss., Dowk, tenacious
black clay in a lead vein, 1876 Mid-Yorks. Gloss., Dowk,
a mine-working of a stiff clayey nature. Nidderdale.
Dauk, da : see DAwk, DawKIN.
+Dauke. Obs. rare. [ad. L. daucus, daucum
carrot.] The wild carrot, Daucus Carota.
c1450 A lphita (Anecd. Oxon.) 47 Daucus creticus .. gall.
dauk. 1688 R. Hotme Armoury u. 73/1 The Dauke, or
wild Carrot [hath] flower white.
Daulk, obs. form of DALkK 2,
Daulphin, obs. form of DaupHIN.
Dault, var. Dat; obs. pa. pple. of DEAL v.
Daun, obs. form of Dan},
+Daunch, a. O/s. Fastidious.
c1460 Towneley Myst. xvii. 509 Begyn I to rekyn I thynk
alle dysdayn For daunche, 1888 Sheffield Gloss., Daunch,
ads fastidious, over nice, squeamish.
auncherous, obs. form of DANGEROUS.
Daunder, Dauner, Daunger: see DANDER,
DANGER.
+Dawnsel, v. Os. [a. OF. daunceler, dan-
zeler to caress, dandle, f. danzele, dansele damsel,
girl.] To caress, make much of, coax.
1362 Lanct. P. PZ. A. x1. 30 Luytel is he loued or leten bi
pat such a lessun redeb, Or daunseled [v. x. dauntid] or
drawen forp. 1393 /éid. C. vit. 20 (MS. F.) Demed for her
doyngus & daunselde [other MSS. excited) many opure.
aunt (dont), v. Also 4-6 daunte, dawnt(e,
4-7 (4-6 Sc.) dant. [a. OF. dante-r (12-14th c.
in Littré), var. of donter (mod.F, dompter) = Pr.
domtar:—L. domitare, freq. of domare to tame,
subdue. (For the a of danter, cf. DAN sb.1)]
I. +1. “vans. To overcome, subdue, vanquish.
c1300 K, Adis. 1312 Sone he wol daunte thy maigne!
1375 Barsour Bruce tv. 602 The lord persy..Dantit suagat
all the land. 1391 Cuaucer Boeth. 1. vil. 147 Hercules ..
dawntede be proude Centauris. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas.
1v. xii, He mette an hydeous nt, . With his great strokes
he did hym daunt. ‘ompl, Scot. i. 21 The riche
monarche of rome, quhilk dantit ande subdeuit al the
varld? 1610 HoLttanp Camden's Brit. (1637) as6 Bein;
now daunted by time, there remaineth an of rammell
and rubbish, witnessing the ruines thereof.
+ 2. To tame, break in (an animal). Ods.
1377 Lanci. P. PZ. B. xv. 393 Makometh .. Daunted
a dowue, and day and ny3te fedde, x CaxTON
Myrr. it. vi. 72 Bullys whi .-haue hornes remeue
about hym so that noman may tame ne daunte them. 1549
Compl. Scot. xvii. 145 Sum of them began to plant treis,
sum to dant beystis. 1569 Newton Cicero's Olde Age 43 a,
To daunte fierce horses. | fs
+3. fg. To bring into subjection, subdue, tame ;
to hold in subjection, control. Ods.
1303 R. Brunne Hand. Synne 8420 Pat pou mayst nat py
flesshe daunte Be not barfor yn wanhope. c1390 CHAUCER
Truth 13 Daunt thi self that dauntest otheres dede. ¢ 1425
Jas._1 (Scotl.) Good Counsel in Kingis Q. (1884) 51 Sen -
word is thrall and thocht is only free, w dant thi twnge,
that pouer has and may. 1533 Gau Richt Vay (1888) 14
Thay quhilk wil nocht suffer to dant and rewl thayme
..efter his halie wil. x16ax Burton Anat, Mel. 1. ii. tv. vii.
(1651) 163 It daunts whole kingdoms and cities.
46
+b. To cast down, put down, quell. Ods.
? ax1400 Arthur 113 He daunted de & h
poms. segs Deere. Occurrents (3633) is To dant t
lence of rgeerle Huntlie, 1594 G. W. Senior Pre/.
Verses Spenser's Amoretti, Dawnting thereby our neigh-
boures auncient pride. 1709 Stayre Ann. Re/. I. xlvii. 511
The secretary in a letter ..trusted the Queen’s Maje:
would proceed. here in suc sory as both these miochiet
would be daunted. s ycad
4. To abate the courage of, discourage, dispirit ;
to put in awe, abash; to overcome with fear, in-
timidate, cause to quail. (The current sense.)
1475 Rauf Coilzear 600, I dreid me, sa he dantit the,
thow durst not with him deill. 1868 Grarron Chron. II.
615 This discomfiture. .daunted the hartes of the. .Gascons.
1596 Suaxs. Zam. Shr. 1. ii. 200 Thinke you a little dinne
can daunt mine eares? 1614 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 1063
True Christian fortitude .. may be overborne, but it cannot
be daunted. 1781 Gisson Decl. & F. I. xxxii. 227 The
spirit of their chief was not daunted by misfortune. 1863
£0. Exot Romola u. iv, She was not daunted by the
practical difficulties in the way. :
+5. To daze, stupefy. Ods. exc. dial.
181 Mutcaster Positions xiii. (1887) 62 Such as.. haue
their senses daunted, either thorough dreaming melancholie,
or dulling phleame, 1590 Srenser F. Q. 1. i. 18 Much
daunted with that dint her sence was 184:
Hatutw., Daunt..in the provinces, to stun, to knock down.
+ II. 6. To dandle, fondle, caress. Ods.
1303 R. Brunne Handi. Synne 4880 pe fadyr .. Pe chylde
dauntede on hys kne. 1382 Wycuir /sa, Ixvi. 12 Vp on the
knes men shul daunte 30u. 14.. Prose Legends in Anglia
VIII. 132 Wib siche woordes & cosses dauntynge hir
body. 1483 Cath. Angi. 92 To Dawnte (A. or to cherys),
blanditractare.
+b. adsol. To toy. Ods. rare.
1529 SKELTON /mage [pocr. 225 Some daunte and dal
oan ae blak ally Wheras ee ke is. 7
III. 7. Herring Fishery. To press salted
herrings into the barrel with a ‘daunt’.
1733 P. Linvsay /nterest Scot. 201 The largest Herrings
..repackt by themselves, and sufficiently served with fresh
Salt, daunted and well oyled. 1891 Xep. Deputation Fishery
Board Scot. to Continent 7 No daunting should be used,
when the barrel is fully filled up, but it is most desirable on
the first filling up.
Daunt, sd. [f. Daunrz.]
+1. The act of daunting ; dispiriting, intimida-
tion; a check. Ods.
a 1400 in Leg. Rood 139 Pe deuel..Mony folk In-to helle he
clihte, Til pe crosses 9 be ae him a daunt. 1 Twyne
AE neid. x1. iw b, O Tyrrhene dastardes still ? t daunt
within youre hartes doth light? 1640 Br. ReyNoLps Passions
xxvii. 279 Ina sudden daunt and onset of an unexpected evill.
+2. Dandljng, caress. Obs.
a1548 Thrie Priests Peblis in Pinkerton Sc. Poems 1. 43
(Jam.) Of me altyme thow gave but lytil tail; Na of me
wald have dant nor dail.
8. Herring Fishery. A disc of wood, usually
made of two barrel heads nailed together cross-wise,
used to press down salted herrings in the barrels.
1890 Regul. Branding Herrings (Sc. Fishery Board) 5
The daunt must be used with all repacked herrings. /did.6
The. .herrings then left in the barrel..shall be pressed down
. steadily and uniformly, by daunt or otherwise.
Daunted (dontéed), pp. a. Also 4-6 Sc.
dantit, -yt. [f. Daunt v.+-ED1.]
+1. Tamed, subdued, brought under control ;
trained (quot. 1530). Ods.
€1378 Sc. Leg. Saints, Yacobus 350 Pe oxine [30kkit] to pe
wane mekly As pai had bene wel add ky. 1487 Sc. Acts
¥as. II[, c. 18 Davntit hors depute to werk & nocht to be
sadill, 1530 Lynpesay Jest. Papyngo 277 Maisteris of
Museik, to recreat thy spreit With dantit voce and plesande
Instrument. 1560 Rottanp Crt. Venus Prol. 229 Be dantit
refrenatioun, A man may. .alter his Inclinatioun.
2. Dispirited ; overcome with fear.
stall
I Howinsuep Chron. 1. 176/2 The forepart of his
dawnted host. 1771 Mrs. Grirritn tr. Viaud's Shipwreck
143 The daunted fook with which he eyed us, 1867 Jean
IncELow Poems, Story Doom vi. 46 The daunted mighty
ones kept silent watch.
Hence Dau‘ntedness.
1660 G. Fox Salut. to Chas. I, 6 God struck thy Fathers
Party with dauntedness of spirit.
Daunten: see Daunton v. Se.
Daunter (d9‘nte1). Also 6 Sc. danter, -ar.
[f. Daunt v. + -ER}.]
1. One who daunts; +a subduer, vanquisher.
1513 Douctas nis 1. Prol.226 Danter of Affrik, Quene
fundar of Cartage. 1552 Lynpesay Monarche 4183 The
danter of the Romanis pompe and glorye. 1586 WARNER
Adb. Eng. 1. vi.(R.), The danter then of tres; ~
+2. A tamer (of horses), horse-breaker. Ods.
223 —— eee ye iv. 84 Kyng Picus, Henne of
jOrss. 1 ‘compl, cot. XV. 151 ie maist perfyit indus-
treus F.. dantars of macedon.
Daunting (dgntin), v/. sd. [-1NG1.] The
action of the verb Daunt; vanquishing; taming;
ca ; discouragement, intimidation.
c1400 Rom. Rose 4032 Man may for no gauntyig, Mee
a sperhauke of a bosarde. ¢ 1440 Promf, Parv. 11 wnt-
ynge, or grete chersynge, focio. 1581 MULCASTER ‘ositions
xii, (ssi f 235 It is a great daunting to the best able man.
1654 E. Jounson Wond. Work, Provid. 117 To the danting
of every heart.
Dawnting, ///. az. [-1NG*.] That daunts:
intimidating, etc. ; see the verb.
@ 1300 Cursor M. 21343 (Cott.) Leon dantand harsk and
herd. 1585 Faire Em wu. 1052 As for his menacing
and daunting threats. 1677 Gitrin Demonol. (1867) 467
euents are those which
a daungtingnesse or daring,
Dauntless (dpntlés),a. [f. Daunr z. (hardly
from the sé.) + -LESS.] Not to be daunted ; fear-
less, intrepid, bold, undaunted.
1593 Suaks, 3 Hen. VI, mu. iii. 17 Let thy dauntlesse
minde still ride in triumph, Ouer all mischance. 1
Mitton P, LZ. 1. 603 B: Of d 1
Gray Fatal Sisters 41 Low the dauntless
1817 Scorr (¢itde), Harold the Dauntless. 1874 Green
Short Hist. viii. § 5. 514 Laud was as dauntless
Hence Dawntlessly adv,, Dauntlessness.
1813 Suetitey Q. Maéb vu. 196 Therefore I rose, and
dauntlessly My lonely.. pilgri 5 Baitey
(folio), Dauntlesness, a being wi t Fear or Di ge-
ment. 1876 Bancrorr Hist. U.S. VI. xlviii. 292 Shelby. .
among the dauntless singled out for dauntlessness.
Daunton, danton (dgntan),v, Sc. Forms:
6-7 dantoun, & danton, 7-9 daunten, 8-9
daunton. [A derivative form of Daunt z.; perh.
a mistaken form of daunten pres. inf, (in Chaucer,
etc.). Always spelt danton, -oun in earlier Sc., as
dant was then regularly used for daunt.] =Daunt
v.: To subdue, tame, intimidate, etc.
1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. 11. 8 How the Emprioure
Theodocius send ane Armje..to dantoun this foirsaid Oc-
taueus. a1572 Knox Hist. Ref Wks. 1846 I. 371 This
wonderouse wark of God. .aucht to have dantoned itr furie.
1599 Jas. I BagiA. Awpov ut. 121 Use..to ride and danton. .
couragious horses. 1609 Br. W. Bartow Answ, Nameless
Cath, 121 To enforce a grant, or daunten the Prince. 1681
Cotvi. Whigs Supplic. (1751) 128 Who once at Rome, his
ride to danton, His nose saluted with a panton. c 1794
urns Song, Blude red Rose, An auld man | never
daunton me. 1837 R. Nicott Poems (1842) 162 Its sadness
shall never danton me. P
Hence Dau‘ntoned £//. a., tamed, broken in.
1597 Skene Quon. Attach. c. 48 § 11 Bot it is otherwise of
a tame and dantoned horse [de eguo domito}.
Daunz, obs. form of Dan 1.
Dauphin (d9‘fin). 77. Hist. Forms: a. 5-6
dolphyn, 6 dolphyne, dolphine, doulphyn,
6-8 dolphin; f. 5 daulphyn, 6-7 daulphin,
ie dauphin. [a. F. dauphin (earlier daulphin,
in 15th c. also doffin) = Pr. dalfin:—pop. L. *dal-
phinus, for L. delphin-us (ad. Gr. deAgis dolphin),
whence Sp. de/fin, It. de/fino. In earlier use Eng.
had daulphin, also dolphyn, -in, the same as the
name of the fish; dauphin is after mod.F., since the
17th c. See DoLpuin.] The title of the eldest
son of the King of France, from 1349 to 1830.
Originally a title attached to certain sei ries : Dauphin
of the Viennois, Dauphin of Auvergne. According to Littré,
the name Dauphin, borne by the lords of the Viennois,
was a proper name De/phinus (the same word as the name
of the fish), whence es subject to them was called
Dauphiné. Humbert III, the last lord of Dauphiné, on
ceding the province to Philip of Valois in 134 e it
a condition that the title should be eahed by boing
borne by the eldest son of the French
a. Form daulphin, dau, hin.
1485, Caxton Paris § V.1 A ryche baron daulphyn and
lord of the lond. @ 1377 Sir T. Smrru Comomrw. Eng. (1633)
44 In France the ngs eldest Sonne hath the title of
Daulphin. 1614 Sepen Titles Hon. 172 The sonne and
heire apparant of the French King is known to all by the
name of Daulphin, 1681 Nevite Plato Rediv, 107 The
Barons call’d in Lewis the Dauphin. 1871 Mortry Vollaire
(1880) 159 To celebrate the marriage of the dauphin.
B. Form dolphin, dolphyn, doulphyn, (Rare
after 1670.)
1494 Fanyan Chron. vu. 500 K
his sone, dolphyn ee V ya
Doul, the frenc ynges eldest sonne.
at ‘Salisbury Charl
Mirr. Mag. xxiii, les the Dolphyn our chief
enemy. xgpt Suaxs. 1 Hen. VI, 1, i.92 The Dolphin Charles
is crowns ing in i Espernon i. v.
216 The Joy al Frenchmen were full of, for the Birth
T. Ww: Eng. Re.
of the young Detphie. = ha Dalptia Secrisd boar
42. attrib. or adj, =DELPHIN, q.v. Obs.
1705 Hearne Collect. (Oxf, Hist. Soc.) I. 14 The Dauphin
Edition of this Author.
Hence }Dauphinage (do/p/ ynase) Dauphinate,
the rule or jurisdiction of a dauphin (of Viennois).
1494 Fasyan Chron. vu. 498 In this Peay the dolphyn of
Vyen .. solde his =p aAy: # vnto the Frenshe ;
J. Woopwarp in 4. § Q. 16 Aug. 137 The
of Viennois was then petri in . = eas
Dauphiness (d9‘finés). Forms: a. -
phines, dolphynesse, ctc.; 8. 6 daulph-, 7-
dauphiness. [f. Davurnin + -kss; the F. title
is ay ey e wife of the dauphin, {
1 Aut Chron, 230 b, The dolphin & his
Ibid. 240 b, The Ladye Eli , enti Dolphynesse of
Vyen. 1596 Danert tr. Comines 202 The Lady Se.
1685 Gas. No. 2048/3 The King. ied with
the ey 7 and Daaphicass, 1712 SwirT . Stella
11 Feb,, It is surprising this news to-day, the dauphin
and d within six days. 1860 Froupr
Hist. » Vi. | dangerous competition of the
ueen of of France.
ur, Sc. f. Darg. Daurg, var. of Dare Sc,
DAUT.
Daut, dawt (dot), v. Sc. Also 6-8 date.
[Etymology unknown.
If dant, dawt, is, as it appears to be, the proper form, it
ought to represent an original dadt: cf. Sc. faut, maut,
saut, etc. 5 (si the two 16-17th c, examples of date from
Scotch writers of English make even this doubtful. Dad¢
suggests Gael. da/ta foster-child; but, though the word
ap} to be exclusively Scotch, there is no evidence
pointing to a Gaelic origin. Connexion with Dore, doat
is excluded by the fact that Sc. az, aw, does not answer
to Eng. d from any source. Cf. also Daunr v. 6.]
trans. To pet, fondle, caress, make much of. Also
absol.
1500-20 Dunpar Petit. Gray Horse 49, I was nevir dautit
into stabell, My lyf hes bene so miserable. 1573 Commend.
Vprichtnes 228 in Sat. Poems Ref. (1891) I. 285 Quha
preissis vprichtlie To serue the Lord mon. -na wayis dres to
daut thame daintelie. @1598 Rottocke Passion 491-2
(Jam.) The father will make much of his sonne, and allure
him..so the Lord dates and allures us. 1633 W. SrruTHER
True Happiness 123 Though he datted the Patriarchs by
the familiaritie of his divine presence. 1637 RuTHERFORD
Lett. (1862) I. 461, I am dawted now and then with pieces
of Christ’s love and comforts. 1786 Burns Poet's Welcome
to Child ii, 1, fatherly, will kiss and daut thee. 1853 J.
Mine Frni. in Life xiii. (1868) 203 My Lord surely dawts
his weak foolish child.
Hence Dauted, Dawted A//. a., petted, fondled.
1636 RutHerrorp Lett. (1862) I. 193, I am handled as
softly and delicately as a dawted child, 1692 Scot. Presdyt.
£loq.(1738) 105 Will not a Father take his little dated Davie
in his Arms. 1796 Macneitt Will § Fean vii, The tenderest
mither, Fond of ilk dear dauted wean, 1851 Cusnbrid.
Gloss., Dawtet, caressed, fondled.
Dautie, dawtie (dgti). Sc. Also dawty.
[f. prec. orits source: but a formation with the dim.
and appellative -ze, -y, from a verb, is unusual.] A
person caressed or indulged; a darling, pet,
favourite.
1676 J. Fraser A xutobiog. in Select. Biog. (Wodrow Soc.)
II. 89, [wasnodawty. 1727 P. WaLkEr Remark. Passages
122 (Jam.) Giving an account of old Quintin Dick, one of
his Dawties. 1823 Gatt Zxtai@ I. xix. 156, ‘I hae thought
o' that, Girzy, my dawty’, said he.
|| Dauw (dau). Also dau, dow. [South African
Dutch form of the native name.] A South African
species of zebra, Hguus Burchelliz, approaching
the quagga in character.
1802 Sporting Mag. XX. 140 Two sorts of wild horses, the
Dau and the Kwagga, 1847 Nat. Encycl. I. 265 The
indigenous Pachydermata are .. the zebra, the dauw, the
quagga. ;
+ Davach, -och. ‘Sc. //ist. In 7 dawach(e.
[Olr. dabach, dabhach vat, tub (perhaps as a corn-
measure) ; cf. the similar uses of Aint, pottle, and
gallon, as measures of land in Anglo-Irish, In
medL. davaca (erron. -ata).
A conjectured derivation from damh ox, is erroneous.
Dabach occurs as a land-measure in the ‘ Book of Deir’,
(Gotdelica (ed. 2) 217.)]
An ancient Scottish measure of land, consisting
in the east of Scotland of 4 ploughgates, each of 8
oxgangs ; in the west divided into twenty penny-
lands. It is said to have averaged 416 acres, but its
extent probably varied with the quality of the land.
1609 SKENE tr. Quon, Attach. xxiii. § 1x Provyding that
the husband man did haue of him the aucht parte of ane
dawache of land [warg. of ane oxgait of land], or mair
[unius dauace terre vel plus). 1 Statist. Acc. Scot.
XIII. 509 There isa davoch of land belonging to this parish.
1797 /bid. XIX. 290 A davoch contains 32 oxen-gates of 13
acres each, or 416 acres of arable land. ¢18r7 Hocc Tales
§ Sk. VI. 269 Heir to seven ploughgates of land, and five half
davochs, 1854 C. Innes Orig. Paroch. Scot. 11. 335 By an
ordinance of King John Balliol in 1292 eight davachs of
land, including the islands of Egge and Rume, were among
the lands then erected into the Sheriffdom of Skey. 1872
E. W. Rosertson Hist. Ess. 127 Davoch, a large pastoral
measure at one time answering to the plough-gate, though
in actual extent 4 times as large.
Davenport (dev’npost). Also devonport.
[Said to be from the maker’s name.] <A kind of
small ornamental writing-table or escritoire fitted
with drawers, etc.
(Remembered in 1845.) 1853 Pract. Mechanic's ¥rni. V1.
212 This very elegant and convenient desk is similar to an
ordinary Devonport. 7878 Argosy May 329 At her daven-
port, pen in hand, sat her Song
arn 1883 Harper's Mag. Jan. 235/1 An inlaid daven-
port desk.
Daver (déi-vax), v. dial, [Of unknown etymo-
logy; possibly I and II are different words.]
I. Scotch and north. Eng. intr. To move or
walk as if dazed or stupefied, to stagger ; also to
be benumbed. ¢rans, To stupefy, stun, benumb.
¢x600 Bure in Watson Collect. ii. (1706) 30 (Jam.) Bot
tauren and dauren, Like ane daft doitit fule. 1783 9nd.
Jr. Lond. 6 in Poems Buchan Dial. (Jam.), We bein wat
wou’d soon grow davert to stand..i’ the cauld that time o’
night. 1796 Macnee Wil? & Yean Ixiii, See them now—
how changed wi’ drinking! .. Davered, doited, daized and
blinking. 1820 St, Kathleen III. 115 (Jam.) ‘ Here’s the
bed, man ! Whare. .are ye davering to? E. Swinsurne
in J. Raine Mem. ¥. Hodgson (1858) II. 45, I am somewhat
davered about the vignettes.
II. south-west. dial, intr. To fade, wither.
Also fig. (In first quot. causative or trans.)
1621 J. Reynotps God's Revenge agst. Murder 1. v. 154
As if time and age had not power to wither the blossomes of
our youth, as the Sunne hath to dauer the freshest Roses
47
and Lillies, 1622 W. Yoncr Diary 63 [The] hedges ..
davered as if they had been scorched with lightning, =
Virvain Efit. Ess. vu. 54 My Piety ’gan to daver [L. Zade-
Jacta cadebat). 1787 Grose Prov. Gloss., Daver, to fade
like a flower. Devon. 1864 Carern Devon Provinc., Thy
heart is like the daver’d rose. 1880 W. Cornwadl Gloss.,
Dawver, to soil; to fade as a flower.
Davey: see Davy. David, obs. form of Davir.
Davidian : =Davivist.
1885 R. W. Dixon Hist. Ch. Eng. IlI. 472 The rising
Davidians, Davists, Georgists, or Family of Love, which ..
gave trouble in the reign of Elizabeth,
Da‘vidist. [f. personal name David + -1st.]
1. One of a fanatical sect founded by David
George or Jores, a Dutch Anabaptist of the 16th
century. Also David-Georgian, -jorian, -jorist.
1657, Baxter Agst. Quakers 13 Down to the David-
Georgians, Wegelians, Familists, and the like of late,
ser st Cuampers Cycl., Davidists..a sect of heretics.
1882-3 Scuarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl. 1. 1471 The ‘ David-
jorists’, and other uproarious Anabaptists.
2. A follower of David of Dinant.
Davidsonite (dé‘-vidsonait). Min. [Named
1836 after Dr. Davidson of Aberdeen: see -1TE.]
A variety of beryl found near Aberdeen.
18: T. ‘THomson Min. 1. 247. :
(David’s quadrant or staff, error for Davis’s
quadrant; see QUADRANT, STAFF, and List of
Spurious Words.]
Davie: see Davy.
Darviely, adv. Sc. Spiritlessly, listlessly.
1789 Burns Elegy on 1788, Observe the vera nowte an’
sheep, How dowf and daviely they creep. 1825 in JAMIESON.
Davina (J/in.): see Davynr.
Da‘vist: =Davivist.
1885 R. W. Dixon Ast. Ch. Eng. III. 201.
Dawvit (deevit, dzi-vit). Mazt. Forms: 4 daviot,
7 dauid, -yd, -ed, 7- davit. [Formerly also
David, and app. an application of that Christian
name, as in the case of other machines and tools.
Cf. F. davier, the name of several tools, etc., altered
from daviet (Rabelais) = Daviet, dim. of OF. Davi
David; the tool was still called david by joiners in
the 17th c. (Hatzfeld and Darmesteter).]
1. a. A curved piece of timber or iron with
a roller or sheave at the end, projecting from a
ship’s bow, and used as a crane to hoist the flukes
of the anchor without injuring the side of the vessel ;
a fish-davit. b. One of a pair of cranes on the
side or stern of a ship, fitted with sheaves and
pulleys for suspending or lowering a boat.
(1373 in Norman-Fr. Indenture in Riley Lond. Mem. 370
(transl.), 30 ores, 1 daviot, for the same boat.] 1622 R.
Hawkins Voy, S. Sea (1847) 188 His boate fitted with ..
tholes, dauyd, windles, and other. 1626 Capt.Smitu Accid.
Yng. Seamen 12 The forecastle, or prow .. the fish-hooke,
a loufe-hooke, and the blocke at the Dauids ende. 1627 —
Seaman's Gram. ii. 10 The Daxid..is put out betwixt the
Cat and the Loufe, and to be remoued when you please.
1691 T. H[ate] Acc. New Invent. 125 Bitts, Catheads and
Davits. 1769 Fatconer Dict. Marine (1776) s.v., The davit
..is employed to fish the anchor. 1820 Scorrspy Acc.
Arctic Reg. 11, xe The boats are. .suspended from davits or
cranes fixed on the sides of the ship. 1875 J. C. Witcocks
Sea Fisherman 48 Crane-davits of galvanised iron, in shape
of the ordinary boat-davits.
2. Comb. davit-cast, a heavy spar used as a crane
on board ship; davit-guy, a rope used to steady
a davit ; davit-roll, the roller or sheave of a davit ;
davit-rope, the lashing which secures the davit to
the shrouds when out of use.
1794 Netson in Nicolas Disf. I. 434 Our *davit-cast
unfortunately has broke it’s windlass. 1893 R. Kirtinc
Many Invent. 364 Stop, seize and fish, and easy on the *davit-
guy. 1793 SMEATON Edystone L. § 143 A strong hawser ..
being passed .. over the “davit-roll .. the anchor and chain
were then let down.
Dawvite (dé'vait). Az. [See quot.] A variety
of ALUNOGEN or native sulphate of alumina.
1828 Mitt in Brande’s Q. Frnd. 379, 1 shall therefore take
leave to call it Davite in honor of Sir Humphry Davy.
Davoch: see Davacn.
Davreuxite (davré'zait). Min. [Named 1878
after the Belgian chemist Ch. Davreux: see -1TE.]
A hydrous silicate of alumina and manganese found
in Belgium. 1882 in Dana Min. App. iii. 35.
Davy | (déi-vi), In full Davy lamp, Davy’s
lamp. [Named after the inventor.] The miners’
safety-lamp invented by Sir Humphry Davy, in
which the flame is surrounded with wire-gauze, so
as to prevent its communication to explosive gases
outside the lamp. _
1817 Faravay in B. Jones Life I. 241 The great desidera-
tum of a lamp to afford light with safety :..merely to refer to
that which alone has been found efficacious, the Davy.
reg M. Mason Forty Shires 15 The men find fault with
the Davy.
Davy ? (déi-vi). sfang. A vulgar shortening of
AFFIDAVIT, sf. in phr. ¢o ¢ake one’s davy (=‘ to
take one’s oath’).
1 O'Hara Midas nu. iv. (Farmer), And I with my davy
will back it, I'l swear. 1785 Capt. Grose Dict. Vulgar
Tongue, Vl take my davy of it. 1871 M. Cottins Mr. &
Merch. 1. vi. 210 [They] take their solemn oath and davy
that they didn’t do it.
.
DAW.
Davy Jones (dé'-vi dzownz). Also simply
Davy. In nautical slang: The spirit of the sea;
the sailors’ devil. Davy Jones's (or Davy’s) locker :
the ocean, the deep, es. as the grave of those who
perish at sea.
1751 SMoietr Per. Pic. xiii. (Brewer), This same Davy
Jones, according to the mythology of sailors, is the fiend that
presides over all the evil spirits of the deep. 1790 Dispin
Poor Fack iii, And if to old Davy I should go, friend Poll,
Why you will ne’er hear of me more. ¢ 1790 J. Wittock
Voy. 12 The great bugbear of the ocean is Davie Jones..At
the crossing of the line.. [they call] out that Davie Jones
and his wife are coming on board and that every thing must
be made ready. 1803 Naval Chron. X. 510 The.. seamen
would have met a watery grave; or, to use a Seaman’s
phrase, gone to Davy Jones's locker. 1839 Marryat Phant.
Ship xii, I thought you had gone to Davy’s locker.
Davyne (dé'vin). dfn. [ad. Ital. davina,
named 1825 after Sir Humphry Davy.] A variety
of nephelite, from Vesuvius.
1826 Amer. Frnl. Sc. X1. 257 Davina (Davyne). 1869
Puiturs Vesuv. x. 292 Davyne, a hydrous nepheline, is
found in cavities of ejected blocks of gray lava on Somma.
Davyum (dé-vitim). Chem. [Named after Sir
Humphry Davy, with termination -zz as in p/a-
zinum, etc.] The name given by Kern in 1877 toa
supposed metal of the platinum group, announced
by him as discovered in Russian platinum ore.
1879 Watts Dict. Chem. VIII. 626.
Daw (d5), sd. Also 5-8 dawe, 6-8 Sc. da.
[Known only from the 15th c. (so the compound
ca-daw, CADDow): its form points to an OE. *dawe
(:— dawa: from dagwa"), in ablaut relation to OHG.
téha, MHG, téhe (Gothic type *déhwéd, OTeut.
*dbhw :—dé*hwa). Mod. HG. dialects have dahz,
dache, dacha; MUG. shows a dim. form ¢éhele
(OHG. *téhala), mod.G. dahle, since 18th c. dohle ;
whence med.L. /acu/a, It. taccola.}
1, A small bird of the crow kind (Corvets mone-
dula) ; now commonly called Jackpaw.
1432-50 tr. Higden (Rolls) IV. 307 A poore sowter in-
formede a dawe to speke. 1530 Patscr, 212/1 Dawe, a foule,
corneille. 1604 Drayton Owle 188 The theevish Daw, and
the dissembling Pye. 1713 Swirt Poems, Salamander,
Pyes and daws are often stil’d With christian nick-names
like a child, 185x Cartyte Sterling 1. iii. (1872) 14 Old
ruinous castles with their ivy and their daws.
2. fig. Applied contemptuously to persons. +a.
A silly fellow, simpleton, noodle, fool. Ods.
c 1500 Yung. Children’s Bk. 140 in Babees Bk. (1868) 25 At
thi tabull noper crache ne claw, Than men wylle sey hou
arte Adaw. 1860 INGELEND Disob, Child in Hazl. Dodsley
II. 285, I never saw One .. in so easy a matter .. thus play
the daw. 1563 Homities 11. /dolatry i. (1859) 236 O seely,
foolish, and dastardly daws. 1608 J. Day Law 77ickes 1. i.
How the daw Scoures ore his rustie phrases,
b. A lazy person, sluggard; ¢. An untidy woman,
slut, slattern. Sc.
c1460 Towneley Myst. 26 Bot if God help amang I may
sit downe daw to ken. 1500-20 Dunpar Dance 7 deidly
Synnis 71 Mony slute daw and slepy duddroun. 1513
Dovucias ineis xu. Prol. 184, I will my cunnand kepe,
I will nocht be a daw, I will nocht slepe. 1598 FERGUSSON
Sc. Prov., A year a nurish, seven year a da, 1768 Ross
Helenore 135 (Jam.) But I see that but spinning I’ll never
braw, But gae by the name of a dilp or a da. 1862
A. Histor Prov. Scot. 16 A morning’s sleep Is worth a fauld
o’ sheep To a hudderin-dudderin daw. pet
ec. With reference to the fable of the jay in pea-
cock’s plumes,
1731 Fiecpinc Mod. Husb. u. ii, That ever Heav’n shou’d
make me father to such a drest up daw ! i
3. Comb., as +dawcock, /it.a male jackdaw ;
Jig. =sense 2a; + dawpate =sense 2 a.
1556 J. Heywoop Sfider § F. xcii, Where *dawcocks in
doctrine have dominacioun. 1681 W. Rosertson Phraseo/.
Gen. (1693) 621 Who brought hither this fool in a play; this
very daw-cock to lead the dance. a@1529 SKELTON Ags?.
Garnesche 94 Lyke a doctor *“dawpate. 1562 J. Hevwoop
Prov. & Epig. (1867) 187 Thou arte a very dawe pate.
Daw, sd.,obs. form of DEw; see also DAWE, Day.
+ Daw (9), v.1 Obs. exc. Sc. Forms: 1 dazian,
2-3 dasen, 3-5 dawe(n, 6- daw. [OE. dagzan,
corresp. to MDu. daghen, Du. and LG. dagen,
OHG. tagén, G. tagen, to become day, f. WGer.
dag- Day. Since the OE. change of a to z did not
take place in the vb., the latter is daz, against the
sb. day: cf. draw, dray, saw, say, etc. In northern
dial. sometimes inflected dew, dawen, after the
strong verbs blow, snow, etc. In 16th c, Sc. erro-
neously spelt da// after fall, fa’, etc.]
1. intr. To dawn. a. with 2¢ as subject.
c900 Bzda’s Eccl. Hist. wv. x, Donne hit dagian ongynnep.
c1205 Lay. 1694 A-marwen po it dawede. c1350 W777.
Palerne 1791 Tilit dawed today. ¢ 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints,
Ninian 1417 One pe morne, as It dew day. 1470-85
Matory Arthur xvii. ii, Within a whyle it dawyd.
b. with day (or morning) as subject.
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 103 Ac alse wat swo pe pridde dai
daged. ¢1375 Barsour 77oy-0k. 1. 797 And Lome od day
was dawyne lyght. 1393 Lanau. P. PZ, C. xx1. 471 Tyl pe
day dawede these damseles daunsede. ¢ 1475 RaufCotlz3ear
65 Vpon the morne airlie, quhen the day dew. 1513
OUGLAS inezs xu. Prol. 182 As menstralis playng 7he
Jjoly day now dawis. ax1605 MontGoMERIE Poems, The
Night is neir gone 1 Hay! nou the day dauis. 1612 Dray-
ton Poly-olb, x. (N.), ie other side from whence the
DAW.
morni oe. 1789 Burns eral wai The mea pd
craw, t may daw. IcoLL Poems (1842
Nor bass pb till iptlie daw. wd
* 6. fig.
a@ 1225 Ancr. sp a ing aes ower lif dawed and
ase wunge x nihtes peosternesse, r
Saaee FP, oP. xvul. 179 loye bygynneth dawe. vad
2. To recover from a swoon, ‘come to’; toawake
from sleep; =ADAw v.! 1.
©1314 Guy Warw.(A.) 558 Adoun he fel a-swounie, & when
he gan to dawei[etc.]. 1674-91 Ray NV, & pop ad 19 To
3 $ . 'o "2 to
Daw, in Pp is ken :
have shaken off sleep, to be fully awakened.
3. trans. To rouse or awaken from sleep or a
swoon ; to revive, ‘ bring to’; =ADAw v.! 2.
1470-85 Matory Arthur x1. x, The Quene.. felle to the
erthe in a dede swoune, and thenne syr Bors took her vp,
and dawed her. 1530 PatsGr. 507/2, I dawe from swoun-
yng, Ye reuiue, je resuscite. 1562 A. Broke Romeus &
Ful. in Hazl. Ky . Libr. (1875) 1. 179 She thought to
Sreake her slepe..She thought to daw her now as she had
done of olde, 1612 Drayton Poly-olb. vi, 90 Thinking her to
daw Whom Ga? d supposed faln in some inchanted swound.
+ Daw, v.2 Obs. rare. [f. Daw sb.] intr. ?To
play the ‘daw’ or fool.
1596 Sir J. Smytue in Lett, Lit. Men (Camden) 92 That
I would. .ryde lobbinge and dawinge to rayle at your Lord-
ship.
+ Daw, v2 Obs. rare. [Aphetic f. ADAw z.2,
q.v.] ¢rans. To daunt, subdue, frighten.
1616 B. Jonson Devil an Ass w. iv, You daw him too
much, in troth, Sir. 1664 H. More Myst. Jnig. 545 Ex-
ternal force imprints Truth and Falshood, Superstition and
Religion alike upon the dawed spirits of men.
Dawache: see DavacH. Dawcock: Daw 50.
Dawd, var. of Dap sb,
Dawdle (d9'd’l), v. Also daudle. [Not in
Bailey; nor in Johnson’s Dict. (though used by
himself in 1781). It apparently became common
about 1775 (at first chiefly in feminine use),
Ussher’s example (@ 1656) was prob. local or dia-
lectal. Supposed to be a local variant of DADDLE,
but used in a more reprehensory sense, perh. by
some association with Daw sé. sense 2 b.]
1. intr. To idle, waste time; to be sluggish or
lazy ; to loiter, linger, dally.
a 1656 UssHer Ann. vi. (1658) 382 While he stood dawdling
was taken short in his undertakings. 1781 JoHNSoN 3 June
in Boswell, If he'll call on me, and dawdle over a dish of tea
in an afternoon. 1796 JANE AusteN Pride §& Pre. xx. 97
Mrs. Bennet, having dawdled about in the vestibule to
watch for the end of the conference. 1819 Scotr Let. to
D. Terry 18 Apr. in Lockhart, A propensity which .. the
women very expressively call dawdling. 1866 Ruskin Eth.
Dust v. (1883) 90 You all know when you learn with a will
and when you dawdle. 1872 Brack Adv. Phaeton xxii. 307
The rest of us dawdled along the road.
2. quasi-trans. (usually with away).
1768 Map. D'Arstay Early Diary July, I could not..
ask for it..and so dawdled and fretted the time away until
Tuesday evening. 1873 Browninc Red Cott. Nt.-Cap 230
Dawdle out my days In exile here at Clairvaux. 1887
Spectator 21 May 696/2 To employ with profit many hours
that might otherwise be dawdled away.
Dawdle (d9-d’1), sé. Also 8 daudle. [f. prec.]
1. One who is the personification of dawdling ;
esp. a dawdling girl or woman.
a 1764 Lioyp Chit-Chat Poet. Wks. 74 I. 185 Be quick
—why sure the gipsy sleeps ! Look how the drawling daudle
creeps. 1800 Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Fam. 11. 141 Mrs,
Thornley was rather too much of, what she [Mrs. M.] called,
a dawdle, to please her. 3 F, E. Pacer Pageant 118
His wife. .was..one of those helpless, indolent dawdles that
are fit to be nothing but fine ladies. 1879 Barinc-Goutp
Germany I. 392 The sharp clever boy goes into business, the
dunce or dawdle into the army.
2. The act of dawdling.
1813 Lavy Burcuersu Lett. (1893) 38 What with dawdles
and delays of the German post-boys. 1 Green Stray
Stud. 70 The evenings are ,. a dawdle indoors as the day
has been a dawdle out.
Dawdler (d9-dloz). [-eR 1.] One who dawdles ;
an idler, loiterer.
1818 Topp, Dawdle, or Dawdler, a trifler ; a dallier ; one
who proceeds slowly or unskilfully in any business. A low
word, 1849 THAcKERAY Pendennts (1850) I. 280, I have been
a boy and a dawdler as = 1888 J. Pavn Myst. Mirbridge
xv, Your habitual dawdler—the man who never keeps his
appointments by 9? chance.
Dawdling (dg-dlin), 2. sd, [4nc!.] The
action of the verb DAWDLE.
181g [see Dawpte v, 1]. 1849 Tuackeray Le?t. 13 July,
Ryde. .would be as nice a place as any... for dawdling, and
getting health. 1875 B'ness Bunsen in Hare Life II. viii.
457 With old age comes dawdling, that is, doing everything
too slowly,
Daw dling, /.a. [-Inc2.] That dawdles ;
characterized by dawdling.
1773 Mav. D’Arstay Early Diary 3 May, The mother is
a slow, dawdling, sleepy kind dame. 1782 — Diary
8 Dec., With whom I a dawdling conversation u
dawdling subjects. _ 1! Mrs. Cartyte Lett. I. 265 The
dreaming, reading, dawdling existence which best suits me.
Hence Daw’ E aaa
1860 Sat. Rev, 1X. Some very important Bi ic!
. has been pated ab Plein tion day to day.
Dawaday, Sc. dial. f. Downy.
Dawe (daue, daw), dawen, dawes, obs.
forms or inflexions of Day. Daweswastheearly form
of the pl. =days ; dawen was originally dative pl., but
48
when reduced to daze, daw, daue, dau, came sotne-
times to be treated as sing.: see Day 13 a 8, and 17.
Dawen, obs. f. Down sd.
Dawenyng(e, obs. form of DAWNING.
Dawerke, obs. form of Daywork.
Dawing (dj:in), vd/. sb. Obs.exc. Sc. Forms:
1 dazung, 3 dawung, 4 daghyng(e, 3-6 dawyng,
4- dawing, (5 dayng, 7 dauing, 8 dawin). OE,
, from dagian to become day, to Daw.
1400, northern and chiefly Scotch, being
displaced in Eng. by DAWNING.]
1. Dawn, dayb ; morning twilight.
coo tr. Beda’s Eccl. Hist. m1. xix. (xxvii.) 242 Pa eode [he)
ut in dagunge of huse. a 1000 0.2. Chron. (Laud MS.)
an. 795 wux cred and dagunge. a@z1a2g Ancr. R.
20 Bi nihte ine winter, ine sumer ipe dawunge. Bar-
pour Bruce vit. 318 [Thai] Com on thame in the wang
Richt as the day begouth to spryng. ¢ 1420 Avow. Art,
lv, Erly in the dawyng Come thay home from hunting.
1533 Dovuctas neis 1. viii. 29 The dawing gan. .wax reid,
And chasit away the sterris. a 1605 Montcomerte Misc.
Poems, Solseguium 40 The dauing of my long desyrit day.
¢1794 Burns As J was a wandering ii, I could na get
sleeping till dawin’ for greetin’. ;
+ 2. Recovery from swoon, ‘coming-to’. Ods.
(See Daw v. 2, 3.)
1530 Parser. 212 Dawyng, gettyng of lyfe, resuscitation.
+Daw-ing, ff. 2. Obs. exc. Sc. Also 4 north.
dawande. [f. Daw v.1+-1na*.] Dawning.
cxzas E. E. Aliit. P.C. 445 Pe dawande day.
+Dawish (d5if), 2. Obs. [f. Daw s).+-181.]
Like or characteristic of a daw; silly, sluttish.
1540 Hyrpe tr. Vives’ Instr. Chr. Wom. (1592) M iij,
Dawish, and brainlesse, cruell, and murderers. 1543 Bae
Yet a Course, &c. 59 (T.) Such dawishe dodypols. 1605
Cuapman Add Fools in Dodsley (1780) IV. 167 If he [a jack-
daw] fed without his dawish noise He might fare better.
Dawk (d9k), »/.1 dial. [app. the same as
Datk?.] A hollow in a surface; a depression,
furrow, incision.
1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 66 This Iron..would not make
Gutters on the Surface of the Stuff, but (at the most) little
hollow dawks. /éid. 82 The Iron of the Fore-plane..makes
great Dawks in the Stuff .. The Iron .. will yet leave some
Dawks in the Stuff for the Jointer. .to work out.
Hence Dawk v., to make a hollow or incision in.
1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 203 The Chissel .. might run
too fast into the Work, and dawk it. 1847-78 Hattiwe,
pint to incise with a jerk, or insert a pointed weapon with
rapidity. =
|| Dawk, sd.2, dak (dok, dak). Anglo-Jnd. Also
8 dog, dock, 9 dork, dauk. [Hindi and Marathi
dak, perh. related to Skr. drak quickly.) Post or
transport by relays of men or horses stationed at
intervals; a relay of men or horses for carrying
mails, etc., or passengers in palanquins.
To travel dék : to travel inthis way. To lay a dak: to
arrange for relays of bearers or horses on a route,
1734 {see b]. 1780 H. F. Tuompson /utrigues of Nabod 76
(Y.), 1 wrote. .for permission to visit Calcutta by the Dawks.
1781 Hicky’s hl tee Gaz, 24 Mar. (Y.), Suffering People to
aw over their Neighbour's Letters at the Dock. 1809
iscounT VALENTIA /'vav. /ndia, etc. (1811) I. ii. 49 My
arrangements had been made for quitting Burhampore..
not only had the dawk been laid, but [etc.]. a@1826 Heber
Narr. Journey Ind. (1828) 1.328 In the line of road I am most
likely to follow..I am not certain that any D4k exists.
1840 E. E. Napier Scenes For. Lands 11. vi, 193 By having
bearers posted at stated distances, which is called travelling
*dawk', long journeys are made in a comparatively brief
space of time. 1861 HuGues 7om Brown at Oxf. xliv.(D.),
After the sea voyage there isn’t much above 1000 miles to
come by dauk.
b. atirib., as dawk- or dak-bearer, choky, journey,
traveller, etc.; dik bungalow (rarely house),
a house for the accommodation of travellers at
a station on a dak route.
1727 A. Hamiton New Acc. E. Ind. 1, 149 (Y.) Those
Curriers are called Dog Chouckies, 1796 in Seton-Karr
Select. Calcutta Gaz. 11. 185 The re-establishment of Dawk
Bearers upon the new road. @1826 Heser Narr. Fourney
dnd, (1828) 1. 277, I will .. bring it safe on to the next dfk-
house. Cadcutta Rev. July-Dec. 175 The dak bunga-
lows, the modern form of the Mogul Serais. 1866 TreveLyan
(title), The Dawk Bungalow. did. (1869) 98 Too old
travellers to expect solitude in a dawk bungalow.
Dawk, var. of Dauk.
Daw'kin. dia/. [? dim. of Daw.) a. A fool.
b. Aslattern. Hence Daw‘kinly adv., foolishly.
1 Catrui, Answ. Treat. Crosse (1846) 236 (D.) Then
1 and Maukin, a dolt with a daukin, might marry
DAWNED.
High dawn, dawn ing above a bank of clouds
the horizon ; as dawn dara appending an a the
1599 Suaxs. Hen. V, tv. i. 291 Next day after dawne.
1603 — Meas. for M.w. ii. Come
wne,
Rambler No. 196 ? 2 From wn to its de-
cline. x II. 100 If he but a dawn of
iri Lams Elia Ser. 1. Old Actors, You could see
dawn of history to the present day.
3. attrib. and Comb., as dawn-animal, -animal-
cule (see quots.), -dew, -goddess, -light, -streak;
a illumi: -tinted adjs.; dawnward adv.
J >
1873 Dawson Earth & Man ii, 23 Eozoon Canadense ..
its name of ‘*Daw 1” having refe wfc) apcss
antiquity and possible connection with the dawn of life on
our planet. 1876 Pace Adv. Text-bk. Geol. x. 189 The
organism, Eozodén C. dense, or *Daw imalcule of
Canada. 1856 Mrs. Browninc Aur. Leigh 1. Poems VI. 24
A dash of *dawn-dew from the honeysuckle. 1877 J. E.
Carrenter tr. Tiele’'s Hist. Relig. 107 The Sun-god .. and
the *dawn-goddess. 1820 SHettey Ode to Liberty xi, Ason
a *dawn-illumined mountain. 1850 Mrs. Browninc Poems
II. 326, I oft had seen the *dawnlight run As red wine,
through the hills. 1873 Lowett Among my Bks. Ser. u.
221 The *dawn-streaks of anewday. 1822 SHetitey Hedlas
963 *Dawn-tinted deluges of fire. 188: W. Witkins Songs
of Study 44 In joyful praises *dawnward rolled.
Dawn (d9n), v. Also 6 daune, dawne.
[Known only from end of 15th c., since which it
has displaced the earlier verb Daw. 1) deduced
from DawNnInG, q.v. Cf. also Dayn v.
I. 1. intr. To begin to grow daylight: said of
the day, morning, light; also simply with 7¢.
1499 son Promp. Parv., Dawnyn or da’ le 1440
dawyn]), auroro. 1526 Tinpate A/att. xxviii. 1 The Sabboth
oo at even which dauneth the morowe after the Sabboth
{Wycuir bigynneth to schyne, Geneva & 1611 began to
dawne). — 2 Pet. i. + ntill the daye dawne. c 1532
Dewes /ntrod. Fr. in Palsgr. 938 To dawne, ajourner.
1611 Biste Matt. xxviii. 1 In the ende of the Sabbath, as
it began to dawne towards the first day of the weeke. 1711
Streve Sfect. No. 142? 5 Before the Light this Morning
dawned upon the Earth. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 23 As
soon as ever the Morning dawn'd. 1860 Tynpart Giac. 1.
xxi. 150 Day at length dawned and gradually brightened.
b. ¢ransf. To begin to shine, as the sun or
any luminary.
17oz Rowe Jamerl. v. i. 2017 Women, like Summer
Storms are Cloudy .. But strait the Sun of Beauty dawns
abroad, 1811 Heser A/ymn, Brightest and best of the sons
of the morning, Dawn on our darkness. 1832 Tennyson
eg omy v, Look down, and let your blue eyes dawn Upon
me ’ the jasmine-leaves. é
2. fig. To begin to develop, expand, or brighten,
like the daylight at dawn.
1717 Pore. Epist. to Yervas 4 Where Life awakes, and
dawns at ev'ry line. 1848 Macautay /ist. Eng. 1. 412 In
the year 1685 his fame..was only dawning. 1852 Miss
Yonce Cameos 1. xxviii. 234 When prosperity dawned on the
elder brother, | ‘ 3 d
3. To begin to brighten, with or as with the light
of dawn.
1647 CrasHaw Poems 165 When the dark world dawn'd
into Cristian day. 1651 Fuller's Abel Rediv., Zanchius
Zanchius..became such a light..that many parts in
Thiristendome dawned with the luster of his writings. 1832
‘Tennyson Znone 46, I waited underneath the dawning
s.
b. ¢ransf. To begin to appear, become visible.
1744 oe Pleas, tae 146, I see them dawn!
I see the radiant widens, wee they rise. 1812 J. Witson
Isle of Paims 1. 307 Its porch and roof of roses dawn
Through i - 2
4. he. Of ideas, facts, etc.: To begin to become
evident to the ree ; to begin to be understood,
felt, or pearee ‘onst. on, upon.
os rs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xv. 129 The idea that
they had either feelings or rights had never dawned upon
her. 1866 G. Macponatp Ann. Q. Neighd. ix. 137, It
d lection that I had udy mention
ther, 1674 Ray N.C. Words 13 Dawgos or Dawkin,
a dirty, slattering woman. ¢ 1746 Cottier (Tim Bobbin)
View Lanc. Dial. Wks. (1862) ES After looking dawkinly-
wise a bit. Lanc. Gloss., Dawkin, a dull, stupid per-
son. Dawkinly, stupidly, foolishly.
Dawly, obs. form of Dow y a. and adv.
Dawn (dn), sd. [Appears late in 16th c., the
earlier equivalents being Dawine, Dawnina. App.
f. the verb-stem (see next) ; cf. dreak in * break of
day’ (quoted 1584). ON. had dagan, digun dawn,
f. daga to dawn, ¢ dagan, at dagan at dawn: but,
notwithstanding the likeness of form, there is no
evidence that this is the ogee of the Eng. word.]
1. ‘The first appearance of light in the sky before
sunrise, or the time when it appears ; the beginning
of daylight ; daybreak.
don m
her Uncle. X87 Jowerr Plato (ed. 2) V. 66 The distinc-
tion between ethics and politics has not yet dawned upon
Plato’s mind.
II. +5. évans. To bring to life; to arouse
or awake from a swoon, resuscitate; = DAw 2. 3.
1530 Pasor. 507/2, 1 dawne or get life in one that is fallen
in a swoune, je is ..I can nat dawne sas
T. Witson Lo, ike (1§60) 33 If Alexander dawned a e
Soldiour when he was almoste frosen for cold. 1593 Mun-
pay Def. Contraries 71 After he had dawned him to remem-
brance by the helpe of vi colde water.
Dawne, obs. form of Down sd.
Dawned (cpa ae ppl.a. rare. [f.
Dawn v. + - begun to brighten.
1818 Keats Endym. 1. 94 The dawned light.
Dawner, var. of DANDER v. Se.
DAWNING.
Dawnger(e, etc., obs. forms of DANGER, etc.
Dawning (do:nin), v4/. sd. Also 4 dawynyng,
4-5 dawenyng(e, 4-6 dawnyng(e, 5-6 daun-
yng(e. [Known before 1300, when it appears
beside the earlier Dawine (from Daw v., OE.
dagung, dag-tan), which it gradually superseded.
The corresponding verb ¢o dawn, which has simi-
larly displaced daw, is not exemplified till the 15th
c., and appears to have been deduced from dawn-
ing; the sb. dawn appeared still later, app. from
the vb. As ME. daw-en had also an early doublet
form daz-en, day-yn (see Day v.1), so beside dawen-
yng is found datjen-ing, daien-ing, dain-ing (see
Dayn v.). No form corresponding to dawening,
dawning is recorded in OE., and it was probably
from Norse; Sw. and Da. have a form dagning
(OSw. daghning c 1300), either from daga to dawn,
with suffix -7-229, as in kuad-n-ing, sad-n-ing, tal-
n-ing, etc. (Vigf. Zxtrod. xxxi), or from a deriv.
vb. *dagna.
1. The beginning of daylight; dawn, daybreak.
In reference to time, now Joedic or rhetorical.
1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 557 To Keningwurpe hii come in
pe dawninge. 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 1188 Dido, The
dawenyng vp rist out of the se. 7387 ‘TREVISA Higden
(Rolls) VI. 439 Chasede his enemyes al pat dawenynge [v.~.
dawyng]. 1470-85 Matory Arthur x. Ixxxvi, Vppon a day
in the daunynge. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. ccvii. 189
Erly in the dawenynge of the day. 1886 Cocan Haven
Health ccxiiii. (1636) 311 Drinke it in the morning at the
dawning of the Ba 1602 SHaxs. Ham. 1. i. 160 The Bird
of Dawning. 1712 W. Rocers Voy. 104 So we ran North
till Dawning. 1810 Scotr Lady of L. 1. xxxii, At dawning
to assail ye, Here no bugles sound reveillé. 1858 KincsLey
Poems, Night Bird 13 Oh sing, and wake the dawning.
b. transf. The east, the ‘ orient’.
1879 Burcuer & Lana Odyssey 215 Those who dwell
toward the dawning.
2. fig. The first gleam or appearance, earliest
beginning (of something compared to light).
@ 1612 Donne Biadavaros (1644) 17 A man as.. illustrious,
in the full glory and Noone of Learning, as others were in
the dawning, and Morning. 1697 DrypEen Virg. Georg. 1.68
In this early Dawning of the Year. 1781 Ginpon Dec/. & F.
IIT. liii, 314 In the ninth century, we trace the first dawn-
ings of the restoration of science. 1843 Prescorr Mexico
(2850) I. 75 The dawnings of a literary culture. 1856 Sir B.
RODIE Psychol, Ing. 1. v. 198 That principle of intelligence,
the dawning of which we observe in the lower animals.
Daw'ning, ///. a. [f. Dawn v. + -1NG2,] That
dawns; beginning to grow light. a. Zit.
1588 Suaks. 77¢, A. 11. ii, ro Dawning day new comfort
hath inspir'd. 1667 Mitton P. Z. xu. 423 Fresh as the
dawning light. 1791 Cowper //iad x1. 60 The dawning
skies, 1843 Tennyson Two Voices 405 The light increased
With freshness in the dawning east.
b. fig. Showing its early beginning, nascent.
1697 Drypen Virg. 4neid (L.), In dawning youth. 1751
Jounson Rambler No. 165 ® 5 Those who had paid honours
to my dawning merit. 1879 Farrar St. Paud (1883) 765 The
distinctive colour of the dawning heresy.
Dawnt(e, obs. form of Daunt.
Dawsonite (d9'sonait). Az. [Named 1874,
after Sir J. W. Dawson of Montreal: see -rTxE.]
A hydrous carbonate of aluminium and sodium, in
white transparent or translucent crystals.
1875 Amer. Frni. Sc. Ser. 11. IX. 64 On Dawsonite,
anew mineral,
Dawt, Dawtie (-y): see Daut, Daur.
Day (d2'), sd. Forms: 1 dez, 2 de3, deiz, dai3,
2-3 deei, dei, da3, 3 (Orm.) da33, 3-5 dai, 3- day,
(5-6 daie, daye, 6 Sc. da). Pl. 3- days (3-5
dawes ; dat.~l. 2-6 dawen, dawe; daw, dau;
see below). [A Com. Teut. sb.: OE. deg (dxzes,
pl. dagas, -a, -um) = OF ris. det, dey, di, OS. dag
(MDu. dach (gh), Du. dag, MLG., LG. dag),
OHG., MHG. ¢ac(g), G. tag, ON. dag-r (Sw., Da.
dag), Goth. dag-s:—OTeut. *dago-z. In no way
related to L. dies; usually referred to an Aryan vb.
dhagh-, in Skr. dah to burn: cf. Lith. dagas
hot season, OPruss. dagis summer. From the
WGer. dag, OE. had regularly in the sing. dxz,
dezes, deze; in the plural, dagas, daga (later -ena),
dagum. This phonetic exchange #:a survived in
early ME., so that while in the sing. the final 3
was regularly palatal (see forms above ; gen. dv73es,
dwies, deies, dates, dayes, dat. dxize, date, etc.), the
pl. was (from dagas), dajes, dahes, dazhes, dawes,
genit. (:—daga, -ena) daga, dawene, dahene, dajen,
dat. (:—dagum) dajon, -en, daghen, dawen, dawe,
daw, dau, The last survived longest in the phrase of
dawe ‘ from (life) days’ (see 17 and ADaws), and in
in his dawe, etc. (see 13. 8), But soon after 1200
plurals phonetically assimilated to the sing. (dx3es,
daizes, dates) occur, and at length superseded the
earlier forms.]
A. Illustration of early forms.
a, plural, nom. and accus.
cx000 Ags. Gos. Matt. xxviii. 20 Ic beo mid eow ealle
dagas.’_¢ 1160 Hatton G. ibid., Ich beo mid eow ealle dages.
en “aaa Seffne dazhess, cxz0g Lay, 8796 Fif
OL, .
49
daeizes [c 1275 dawes]. a1225 Leg. Kath. 1844 Al pe tweolf
dahes. a@x1z25 Ancr. R.70 Preo dawes. 1297 R. Grouc.
(1724) 383 Pre dawes & nan mo. 1399 Pol. Poems (Rolls) I.
377 As it is said by elderne dawis. c¢1430 Lypa. Bochas v1.
i. (1554) 144, In thy last dawes,
B. pl. gen.
c 1000 Ags. Ps. ci. 2t On midle minre dagena. c 1000 Ags.
Gosp. Matt. iv. 2 He feeste feowurtiz daga [Lindis/ feuortiz
daga, Hatton G. feortiz dex3es]. c1175 Lamb Hom. 8
Fram pam ester tid fifti daja. c1z05 Lay. 3615 Pe for
wuren agan feuwerti dajene [c1275 daizes]. /ézd. 4605
Vnder fif dawene [c 1275 daizene] 3eong heo comen to pisse
londe. a@x1225 Leg. Kath, 2502 Twenti dahene 3ong.
y. pl. dat.: see also 13a B.
¢ 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxvi. 61 A2fter brym dagum [xxvii.
63 dagon]. c1160 Hatton G. ibid., A2fter prem da3en. c 1175
Lamb, Hom. 89 On moyses dajen. ¢ 1205 Lay. 5961 Bi heore
zldre dzewen [c 4275 dawes]. c 1300 K. A /is. 5631 In twenty
dawen. c¢ 1300 St. Margarete 3 Bi olde dawe Patriarch he
was wel he3. ¢1320 Sir Tristr. 2480 Etenes bi old dayn
Had wrou3tit. ¢ 1430 Freemasonry 394 After the lawe That
was y-fownded by olde dawe.
5. In some places dajzen, dawen, may be nom.
or acc. plural.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 119 Ic seolf beo mid eow alle dagen
[OE. ealle dagas]. 7
«. The genitive sing. OE. dees, early ME. daies,
etc., was formerly used adverbially, by day, on
the day (Ger. des Tags): see 1b; it survived in
ME. 02 dates, a dates, A-DAYS, mod. now-a-days.
B. Signification.
I. The time of sunlight.
»1. ‘The time between the rising and setting of
th sun’ (J.); the interval of light between succes-
sive periods of darkness or z7gh¢; in crdinary usage
including the lighter part of morning and evening
twilight, but, when strictly used, limited to the time
when the sun is above the horizon, as in ‘at the
equinox day and night are equal’, Break of day:
dawn: see BREAK, DAYBREAK.
This is the artificial day of astronomers : see ARTIFICIAL.
It is sometimes called the xatural day (Ger. natiirlicher
tag), which however usually means sense 6.
¢xo0o /Etrric Gen. i. 5 God..het pat leoht deg & pa
peostra niht. ¢ 1200 Trin. Coll. Hom, 258 Pu 3ifst pe sunne
to pe dai3, pe mone to be nichte. ¢ 1290.8. Eng. Leg. 1.97/173
In pat prison bat Maide lai twelf dawes and twelf ni3t.
¢ 1340 Cursor M. 390 (Trin.) To parte be day fro be ny3t.
c 1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 41 Ofte tymes in be dai & in pe
ny3t. 1523 Lp. Berners /ro/ss. 1. cxxviii. 155 It was then
nyne of the day. 1580 Barer A/v. B 1200 The Breake of the
daie. 1592 Davies /mmort. Soul vi.(1742) 15 O Light, which
mak’st the Light which makes the Day. 1635 N. CarpENTER
Geog. Del. 1. v. 106 The longest day is equall to the longest
night. 1770 Gotpsm. Des. Vill, 15 How often have I bless’d
the coming day. _ 1807 Ropinson Archeol. Greca m1. xxv.
331 The more ancient Greeks distinguished the natural day
—that is, the time from the rising to the setting of the sun
—into three parts. 1840 Penny Cycl. XVI. 326/1 At North
Cape .. the longest day lasts from the 15th of May to the
2gth of July, which is two months and a fortnight.
b. Const. The notion of time how Jong is ex-
pressed by the uninflected word (repr. an original
accus. or dative), as in day and night, all (the)
day, this day, and the like; the notion of time
when (without respect to duration) was expressed
in OE. by on dz, early ME. on, uppon dat, o day,
a-day ; also by the genitive dees, esp. in the collo-
cation dwges and nihtes, and in far days, far forth
days,=‘far on in the day’, still used in 17th c.
(see Far adv. 3c); about 1200 we find b2 dazes,
and soon after 42 daze by day. See By prep. 19b.
cxooo Ags. Gosp. Mark v. 5 Symle dzzes & nihtes he wees
on byrgenum. c¢x1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 87 Swiche hertes
fonded pe fule gost deies and nihtes. czz00 Ormin 11332
Heold Crist hiss fasste .. Bi da3hess & bi nahhtess. a 1250
Owl & Night. 241 Bi daie bu art stare-blind. c12g0 Hymn
to Virgin 257 Min hope is in pe da3 & nicht. a 1300 Cursor
M. 15159 (Cott.) Ik night of oliuete To pe mont he yode ..
And euer on dai be folk he gaf O godds word be fode. 1386
Rolls of Parit. WI. 225/1 [He] made dyverse enarmynges
bi day and eke bi nyght. c1400 Lanjranc’s Cirure. 34,
I heeld be woundt open aldai. ax14s0 Knt. de la Tour
(1868) 45 She happed to abide so longe on a sonday that it
was fer dayes. 1513 More in Grafton Chron. II. 778 The
pageauntes were a making day and night at Westminster.
@ 1563 Bate Sed. Wks. (Parker Soc.) 120 It is far days and
ye have far to ride to night. 1600 HoLtanp Livy xLv. xxxvi.
1225 It was so far forth dayes as being the eighth houre
therof. Be Dryven Virg. Georg. m. 318 Untir'd at Night,
and chearful all the Day. 1835 Tuirtwatt Greece I. 219
He might prosecute his voyage as well as by day. 1848
Macautay Hist. Eng. (2880) 1. iii. 184 The bags were car-
ried. .day and night at the rate of about five miles an hour.
2. In before day, at day =daybreak, dawn.
@ 1300 Cursor M. 6106 (Gitt.) Pat pai Sould vte of hous cum
bi-for day. ¢1420 Avow. Arth. ix, To ride this forest or
daye. 1576 Freminc Panofl. Efist. 39 A little before
day. 1719 Dr For Crusoe (1840) II. ii. 48 They got up in
the morning before day. 1793 Netson in Nicolas Disp.
I. 309 This morning at day we fell in with a Spanish. .Ship,
3. Daylight, the light of day.
¢ 1340 Cursor M. 8676 (Fairf.), I hit knew quen hit was day.
1382 Wyciir Rom, xiii. 13 As in day wandre we honestly.
¢1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon ix. 223 Whan Reynawde
sawe the day, he rose vp. 1580 Nortu Plitarch (1676) 355
Such as could see day at a little hole. 1662 J. Davies tr.
Olearius’ Voy. Ambass, 276 In his Conversion of the darkest
— to bright Day. 1710 Srrete Tatler No. 142 Pt She
had now found out, that it was Day before Nine in the
Morning. 1719 De For Crusoe (1840) II. x. 218 It was
DAY.
broad day. 1883 Stevenson Treasure Js/. ut. xiii. (1886)
107 It was as plain as day. :
b. fig. A light like that of day; ‘daylight’ in
a difficult question.
1667 Marve. Corr. Ixxx. Wks. 1872-5 II. 225, I can not
et see day in the businesse, betwixt the two Houses. 1702
owE Tamerl, v. i. 2191 They cast a Day around ’em.
+4. One of the perpendicular divisions or ‘ lights’
of a mullioned window. [F. jour, med.L. dies.]
[1409 W712 of Ware (Somerset Ho.), Lego vna fenestra
trium dierum.] 1447 W7ll Hen. VI (Hare’s MSS. Caius
Coll.), In the east ende of the s4 Quier shalbe sat a great
gable window of vij daies. 1484 W7l1 of Chocke (Somerset
Ho.), wyndow .. of i dayes. a1490 Botoner /¢7x.
(Nasmith 1778) 296 Et quaelibet fenestra. .continet tres dayes
vitreatas. 1838 J. Britron Dict. Archit. 40 A part of
a window between the mullions is often called a bay, or
day. 1859 Archit. Publ. Soc. Dict., Day, the mediaeval
term for each perpendicular division or light (Fr. gous) of
a mullioned window.
5. Mining. The surface of the ground over a
mine. Hence day-coal, -drift, -hole (sce also 24).
1665 Phil. Trans. I. 80 By letting down Shafts from the
day (as Miners speak). 1676 Hopcson 7é/d. XI. 762
According as the Day-coal heightens or deepens. 1708
J. C. Compt, Collier (1845) 32 Draw your Coals to Bank (or
Day) out of the Pit. 1747 Hooson Miner’s Dict. N iijb,
The Ore that is found on ihe Tops of Veins, especially near
to the Day. 188x Raymonp Mining Gloss., Day, the surface
of the ground over a mine. ,
II. As a period, natural division, or unit of
time.
6. The time occupied by the earth in one revolu-
tion on its axis, in which the same terrestrial meri-
dian returns to the sun; the space of twenty-four
hours, reckoned from a definite or given point.
Const. during, in, formerly on, 0, a, retained in
twice a day, etc.: see A prep. 8, 8b.
The solar or astronomical day is reckoned from noon to
noon ; and, as the length of this time varies (within narrow
limits) according to the time of the year, its mean or average
length is the mean solar day. The civil day in civilized
countries generally is the period from midnight to midnight,
similarly adjusted to its mean length. Ancient nations
variously reckoned their day to begin at sunrise, at noon, or
at sunset. The sédereal day isthe time between the succes-
sive meridional transits of a star, or specifically of the first
point of Aries, and is about four minutes shorter than the
solar day. (The term natural day is sometimes used in
this sense, sometimes in sense 1.)
c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xv. 32 Drio dogor zee Serhuunas
mec mid, c¢ 1000 AiLrric Gen, i. 5 Pa was zeworpen acfen
and morgen an dzz. /d7d. ii. 3 God gebletsode pone seofedan
deg and hine gehalgade. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 87 Fram pan
halie hester dei bod italde fifti da3a to pisse deie. c1205
Lay, 19216 Preo dwzies [c 1275 da3es] wes pe king wuniende
pere. 1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 144 Aftur fyftene dawes .. ‘To
London he wende. 1382 Wyciir Acts ix. 9 He was thre
daies not seynge. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's Just. 1. 10 b,
Symonides. .desired to haue a daies respite graunted him to
study vpon it. @163r Donne Poevzs (1650) 6 Hours, daies,
months, which are the rags of time. 1822 Byron Werner
1! i. 377 Twenty years Of age, if tis a day. 1831 Brewster
Newton (1855) I, xiii. 365 We may regard the length of the
day as one of the most unchangeable elements in the system
of the world.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Sgr’s. T. 108 In the space of o day
natureel, (This is to seyn, in foure and twenty houres).
1398 Trevisa Barth. de P. R. 1x, xxi. (1495) 358 Some daye
is artyfycyall and some naturell. .a naturell daye conteynyth
xxiiij houres, 1551 RecorpE Cast. Knowd. (1556) 244 ‘The
Naturall daye..is commonly accompted from Sonne risinge
one daye, to Sonne rising the nexte daye. 1764 MAsKELYNE
in Phil. Trans. LIV. 344 The interval between the transit
of the first of Aries across the meridian one day, and its
return to it the next day, is called a sidereal day..The
interval between the transit of the sun across the meridian
one day, and his transit the next day, is called an apparent
solar day. 1812 WoopHousE A s¢von. xxii. 222 The interval
between two successive noons is a natural day. 1834 Nav.
Philos., Astron. i. 13/2 (Useful Knowl. Soc.) Although. .the
solar day is of auatle length, we can .. ascertain its mean
or average length; and this quantity is called a mean solar
day, Ibid. 14/2 The length of the sidereal day is found to
be uniformly 23 hours, 56 minutes, or more accurately
23h 56™ 48 +092.
+b. All days: always, for ever. Oés.
c1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxviii. 20 Ic beo mid eow ealle
dagas [Lixdisf allum dagum]. c1160 Hatton G. ibid., Ich
beo mid eow ealle dazes. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. cii, For
that time forth losten Britons the royame for al dayes.
+e. A day’s travel; a day’s journey. Ods.
1362 Lanai. P. Pl, A.x. 1 Sire Dowel dwelleb. .not a day
hennes. 1624 Carr. Smitu Virginiat. 4 A Towne called
Pomeiock, and six dayes higher, their City Skicoak.
7. The same space of time, esf. the civil day,
treated (without reference to its length) as a point
or unit of time, on which anything happens, or
which fixes a date. Const. 07, upon (ME. a, a-:
cf. A prep. 8, A adj.? 4).
¢x000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xx. 19 And pam pryddan dzegze he
arist. 1154 O. &. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1135 Dat] ober
dei pa he lai an slep in scip. a1400 Cursor M. 5108 (Cott.)
For-giue it vs, lauerd, fra pis dau. /d¢d. 19045 (Cott.) Petre
and iohn adai at none Went to be kirc. Zd7d. 19810(Edin.)
Apon a dai at tide of none. c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 343
Sumtyme men ..weren hool in be same dai. 1523 Lp.
Berners /’vo7ss. I. cxl. 167 Some day y® one part lost, and
some day the other. 1533-4 Act 25 Hen. V//I, c. 21 § 25
Before the saide .xii. daie of Marche. 1600-12 RowLanps
four Knaves (Percy Soc.) 75 They say, The better the day
the better the deede. 1704 Netson Fest. § Fasts i. (1739)
16 The first Day of the Week called the Lord’s Day.
tr, Gregory's Astron. 1, 262 You need only to know what
*
DAY,
Day of each Month the Sun enters a Si
compute one Degree for every
of the Ecliptic,
Day thence. 1799
F. Letcuton Let. to F. Boucher 21 Sept. (MS.), Pray treat
me with a letter on an early day as parliament folks say.
1865 TroLLore Belton Est. x. 109 She would return home
on the day but one after the funeral.
b. Phrase. day: on a certain or particular
day in the past; on some day in the future. So
of future time, some day; and of the present or
proximate future, one or some of these days.
1535 CoverDALe x Sam. xxvii. 1 One of these dayes shal
I into the handes of Saul. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary
1. (1625) 66 His meaning is one of these daies to entreate
your paines hitherwards. 1594 SPENSER Amoretti \xxv,
One day I wrote her name — the strand. 1613 Suaks.
Hen. VIII, u. ii. 22 The King will know him one day.
1659 B. Harrys Parival’s Iron Age 53 Hadit not been, to
revenge himself one day, upon the Spaniards. 1838 Dickens
O. Twist xxxvi, You will tell me a different tale one of
these days. 1855 SmepLey H. Coverdale xxxv, Some of
these days I shall be obliged to give him a lesson.
III. A specified or appointed day.
8. A specific period of twenty-four hours, the
whole or part of which is assigned to some parti-
cular purpose, observance, or action, or which is
the date or anniversary of some event, indicated by
an attributive addition or by the context; e.g.
saints’ days, holy days, New Year's day, Lady-day,
Christmas-day, St. Swithin’s-day, pay-day, rent-
day, settling-day, birth-day, wedding-day, corona-
tion-day, etc. (See the various defining words.)
c1175 Lamb. Hom.11 Nu beod icumen .. ba halie da3es
uppen us, 1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 368 A Seyn Nycolas day
he com. cx14s0 S¢. Cuthbert (Surtees) 7007 Ilk 3ere.. ae os |
(ey ‘o
day of bedis deying. 1577 HotinsHep Chron. IV. 504
put us in mind how we violate the Sabboth daie. 1595
HAKS. Pohn v. i. 25 Is this Ascension day? 1600 J. Pory
tr. Leo's Africa Aij, At London this ties and fortieth
most joifull Coronation-day of her sacred Maijestie. 1600.
1615 J. SrepHens Satyr. Ess. (ed. 2) 222 Like a bookesellers
shoppe on Bartholomew day. 1825 Hone Every-day Bk. 1.
100 In each term there is one day whereon the courts do not
transact business. . These are termed Grand days in the inns
of court; and Gaudy days at the two Universities. 1884
Christian World g Oct. 764/1 Lord Bramwell. .had spoken
of Saturday as ‘ pay-day, drink-day, and crime-day’.
b. Last day (OE. ytemesta deg), Day of Judge-
ment or of Doom, Doomsday, Judgement day, Day
shall be raised to be ‘judged of the deeds done
in the body’. Sce also the various qualifying
words.
971 Blickl. Hom. 57 Seo saul... onfehp hire lichoman on
pbzm ytmestan daze. a 1300 Cursor M. 27362 (Cott.) pe dai
of wreth. 1382 WycuiF 2 Pet. iii. 10 Forsothe the day of
the Lord shal come as a theef. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7.
P 305 He schal 3elde of hem account at pe day of doome.
@ 1400 Prymer (1891) 82 Haue mercy of me whan bow comest
in pe laste day. @ 1533 Lp. Berners Huon clvili. 606 Vnto
the day of Iugemente. 1583 Stuspes Anat, Abus. u1. (1882)
86 The generall resurrection at the last day. did. 1.96 At
y® gret day of the Lord. 1 Locke Hum. Und. 1. xxvii.
(1695) 187 In the great Day, wherein the Secrets of all Hearts
shall be laid open. 1746-7 Hervey Medit. (1818) 75 The
severer doom, and more public infamy, of the great day.
1860 Pusey Min. Proph. 109 The Day of Judgment or
vengeance.
+c. Hence in early versions of N. T. = Judge-
ment: a literal rendering of Gr. #épa in reference
to the Judgement Day. Oés.
1382 Wyctir 1 Cor. iv. 3 To me it is for the leeste thing
that I be demyd of 30u, or of mannis day [Tinpate, Khem.
daye, Cranmer, Geneva, 1611, 1881 judgement]. a 1628
Preston New Covt. 19 He would not regard to be judged
by mans day, as long as he was not judged by the Lord.
9. A day appointed, a fixed date, esp. for payment.
c ns meng Hom. 35 Ne mae he ae sen riche ford he
scal penne is dei cumesd. cr . Eng. Leg. 1. 250/334. ¥
Trevisa Higden 111.1 (Matz) Pe dettoures apts ae
pay here money al here 5 ¢ 1400 Gamelyn 792 He wold..
Come afore pe Iustice to kepen his day. ¢ 1500 Merch. §
Son in Halliwell Muga Poet. 21 In cas he faylyd hys day.
1535 Stewart Cron, Scot. I. 556 The king of Cooetis: -come
thair to keip his da. 1596 Suaks. Merch. V.1. iii. 165 If he
should breake his daie, what should I gaine By the exaction
of the forfeiture? 16.. Drypen(J.), Or if my debtors do not
keep their day. a 1883 in J. G. Butler Bible Work 11. 343
Christ, in the interval between the resurrection and ascension,
keeps day with his disciples.
. A day in each week (or other period) fixed
for receptions, etc.; a day on which a hostess is
‘at home’,
1694 Concreve Double Dealer ut. ix, You have been at my
lady Whifler’s u her day, madam? 1801 LemaistReE
Rough Sk. Mod. Paris iv. 59 Each of the mini has
Sue “tee ae oS OP NS ee eee ee ee
50
Iv. As of time, a period.
+11. A deat (ot tial Its extent is usually de-
fined by the accompanying words. Now Oés. or Se.
Paston Lett, Me ax I. 227 They have be fals both
to Ch ys and to me thys vij day. ¢1470
Haroinc Chron. Proem xxii, Who Ja fore Paris a moneth
daye. 1550 Crowtey Efigr. 1462 You shall. .lende but for
a monethes day. 1552 ‘I. Gresuam in Strype Eccl. Mem.
it, Dep. Se 148 No man convey out any parcel of lead five
years day. 1568 E. Titney Disc. Mariage Cj, I could
recite many les. .if the time woulde suffer mee. You
have yet day h, quoth the Lady Julia. cx670 Hoppes
Dial, Com. Laws 145 Which Statute allo to these
Provisors Six weeks Day to appear, 1825-79 JAMIESON,
A month's day, the space of a month; A year's day, the
space of a year.
+12. Time allowed wherein to be ready, esp. for
payment ; delay, respite; credit. Ods.
1386 Cuaucer Frankl. T. 847 And him bysecheth ..To
graunte him dayes of the remenaunt. 1428 £. £. Wills
(1882) 82 To have ther-of resonable daies of paiement. 1
Lp. Berners F7oiss. I. ccxiii. et Rebs truce..is nat expired,
but hath day to endure vnto the first day of Maye next.
c1530 — Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 477, I giue her daye for
amoneth, & truse in the meane season. 1§76 GascoIGNE
Steele Gi, (Arb.) 80 When drapers draw no gaines by giuing
day. 1614 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 616 Ye Merchants ..
make them pay deare for daies. 1644 Quartes Barnabas
& B. 18 I'll give no day. .I must have present money. jee
Rusuw. Hist. Coll. 1. 640 That he might have day until the
25 of October, to consider of the return. : ;
18. The time during which anything exists or
takes place; period, time, era.
P
the days of King Arthur, days of old, in those days,
a. expressed more literally by the #/.: e.g. me
in days to come, men of other days, etc. Better
days: times when one was better off: so evi/ days.
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 3 Odre men be waren bi po da3es.
1300 Cursor M. 17546 (Cott.) In ald dais. /é:zd. 21712
(Cott.) Nu in vr daies. 1 Lanot. P. Pl. A. 1. 96 Dauid,
in his dayes he Dubbede knihtes. 14 Matory Arthur
x. Ixxxvi, Yet had I neuer reward. .of her the dayes of my
lyf. 1513 Douctas 42nezs xi. ix. 69 Twichyng the stait,
quhilum be days gone, Of Latium. 1548 Hat Chron.
239 b, Of no small authoritie in those dayes. 1576 FLEMING
Panopl. Epist. ij, 1 know not where we shall finde one in
these our dayes. 1614 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 953 What
sonne of Israel can hope for good daies, when hee heares
his Fathers were so evill? 1652 CuLpeprer Eng. Physic. 183 |
pallets | An Herb of as great Use with us in these dayes. 1732
of the Lord, of Accounts, Retribution, Wrath, |
Great Day, etc.: the day on which the dead |
Berke vey Alciphr. vi. § 26 The Jewish state in the days of
Josephus. 1806 Forsytu Beauties Scotl. 1V. 102 The whole
town bears evident marks of esstipe seen better days. ae
Lytton //arold 1. i, In the good old days before the Monk-
king reigned. 1880 T. Fowrer Locke i. 7 During his
undergraduate and bachelor days.
+B. In this sense, esf., ME. used dawen, dawe,
from the OE. dat. pl. on Jam dagum. When dawe
(daw) began to be viewed as sing., dawes was often
used in the pl.
c 1000 Ags. Gosf. Matt. iii. r On bam dagum com Iohannes.
c1160 Hatton G. ibid., On pam dajen. c1200 Trin. Coll.
Hom. 47 Swich peu wes bi pan dajen. cr 5 Lay. 397 After
pan havene lawe pat stot [= stood] in pan ilke dawe. a1300
Cursor M. 4082 (Cott.) Als it bitidd mikel in paa dauus
[v.r. be alde dawes]. c1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 3852 Non
better nar bi po dawe. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Frankl. T. 452
Felawes, The which he had y-knowen in olde dawes. ¢ 1430
Lypc. Bochas u1. xiii. 86 b, Newer: .in their dawes. ¢ 1430
Freemasonry 509 (Mitz.) Suche mawmetys he hade yn hys
dawe. 10x Douctas Pa/. Hon, m1. xliv, Tullus Seruillius
douchtie in his daw.
b. expressed more jig. by the sing. Now esf.
in phrases at or /o this or that day, at the present
day, in our own day, at some future day, etc.
1382 Wycuir Yohn xiv. 20 In that day 3e schulen knowe,
for Lam in my fadir, and 3ee in me, 1578 Timms Calvin
on Gen. 242 Which Men at this day call Cairum. 161%
Biste £zeh. xxx. 9 In that day shall messengers goe foorth
from me in shippes. 1662 Srituincrt. Orig. Sacr. 1. vi. $1
To this day..the Coptites and antient Egyptians call the
end of the year vei. 1771 Smottett Humph, Ci. I. 2
Apr., The inconveniences which I overlooked in the hi
day of health, 1805 Scorr Last Minstr. Introd. 4 His
wither'd cheek and tresses grey Seem'd to have known
a better day. 1 Macautay Hist. £} I. 403 To this
day Palamon and Arcite..are the deli both of critics
and of schoolboys. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) V. 48 They
were..more just than the men of our day. | -
(6) The day: the time under consideration, time
(now or then) present. (Cf. she hour, the moment.)
Order of the day: see Orper. The day; Sc. for
To-Day, q.v.
1814 Scorr Wav. xlii, ‘ But we maun a’ live the day, and
have our dinner. 1839 Sir C. Narier in W, N. Bruce
Life iv. (1885) 127 Funk is the order of the day, 1893 W-
P. Courtney in Academy 13 May 413/1 The gardens were
I. d by the best landscape leners of the day, fod.
a day, to which all foreigners may be taken by their respec-
tive ministers, 1888 Mrs. H. Warp &. Elsmere (2890) 3°7
We found she was in town, and went on her ‘day’.
10. =Day of battle or contest; day’s work on
the field of battle: esf.in phrases fo carry, get,
win, lose the day. Cf, FrELD, and Carry 15 ¢, etc.
1557 Tusser 100 Points Husb. xci, The battell is fought,
thou hast gotten the daye. 1600 E. Biounr tr, Conestaggio
23 Without his aide the day would be perillous. 1642
Rocrrs Naaman 492 Shew us how we may get the day of
our adversary, 1659 B. Harris Parival's ron Age 196 The
Imperialists, thinking the Day was theirs. 1721 R. BrapLey
Wks. Nature 139 The Silk Worm at present carries the
Day before all others of the Papilionaceous Tribe. 1848
Macautay //ist, Eng. 11, 168 The bloody day of Seneff.
Men and women of the day. The book of the day.
14. With personal pronoun ; Period of a person’s
rule, activity, career, or life; lifetime. a. in sing.
1297 R. Grove. (1724) 376 Heye men ne dorste by hys
day wylde best nyme no3t. a 1300 Cursor M. 8315 (Cott.)
on .. sal be king efter pi dai. c1300 Beket 649 Heo
that was so freo and he3 bi myn ancestres daye. ¢1400
Gamelyn 65 Thus dalte the ae his lond by his day.
a 1500 Childe of Bristowe 360 in Hazl. £. P. P. 1. 124 Yet
dwel y stille in ..tyl y haue fulfilled my day, 1795
Soutnry Yoan of Arc ut. 293 si ot Bo page) honour'd in their
day. 18g0 L. Hunt A ufodiog. (1860) 1, I have had vanities
enough in my day. 7
b. in f/. Time of one’s life, span of existence.
To end one's days ; to die.
|
|
DAY.
1466 Paston Lett. No. 552 11. 282 Like as the said John
pon a pg sary alge Apeededagy cage 1484 CaxTon
influence.
Proverb. A (every) dog has his aaa >
th a day, so may I have
E, 867) 30 Bi uery diss doc back oO
gr. (x ut as e man saith, a dog hath a daie.
ea! Suaks. Bom. v. i. 31 e Cat will Mew, and Dogge
will haue his day. B. Jonson Tale Tub un. i, A man
has his hour, p> a is day, 1703 Rowe Ulyss. 1. i. 71
Suffer the Fools to laugh. . This is their Day. AR oer
Fr. Rev. 1. i, 2 Each has but his day. x MraALt
Nonconf. 1.1 Diplomacy had its day, and failed. 1850
Tennyson /n Mem. Prol. v, Our little systems have their
day, They have their day and cease to be.
V. Phrases.
16. A-pay, A-DayYs, q.v. (see alsorb); By Day,
BI-DAY (see I and By prep. 19, 20); by the day
(By prep. 24) ; TO-DAY.
+17. Of daw(e (OE. type *of dagum, ME. of da-
3en, of daze, of dawe, of dawes, of daw (day), a daw;
corruptly on, to dazw(e): in to bring, do of or out of
dawe, life's dawe, to deprive of life, to kill ; 40 de of
dawe, to be dead. Obs. See also ADAWE adv.
a1225 Yuliana 3x He walde don hire.. ut of dahene.
1300 Cursor M. 4168 (Gott.) wil na man of vs mak
saue, Pat we him [Joseph] suld haue done of daue [v.77. on
dau, of daghe]. /éid. 7808 (Fairf.) He me be-so3t. . I sulde
him bringe on liues dawe [v.77. 0 dau, o daw, of dawe).
C1300 Seyn Fulian 193 Pat heo of dawe be. cx325 £. £.
Allit. P. A. 282, | trawed my perle don out of dawez. 241400
Morte Arth. 2056 That oure soveraygne sulde be distroyede,
And alle done of dawez. c1420 Chron. Vilod. 107 Mony
amon was p' day y do to dawe. ¢ 1425 Wyntoun Cron.
vit. xxi. 119 De A pus wes dwne ofday. 1513 DoucLas
AE neis u. iii. 58 He was slane, allace, and brocht of daw.
18. This or that day week (in Sc. eight days),
twelve months, etc.: used of measurement of time
forward or backward: the same day a week or
a year after or before.
1526 TinpaLe Ac/s x. 30 This daye nowe .iiij. dayes
I fasted. 165r Cromwett Lett. 3 Sept. pice bx | e third
of September, (remarkable for a mercy vouchsafed to
forces on this day twelvemonth in Scotland), 180r Exiz.
Hetme St. Margaret's Cave 111. 244 On the day month
that he had made the dreadful avowal. 1815 Byron
Let. to Moore 10 Jan., 1 was married this day week. 1865
Kincstey Herew. xv. (1877) 189 Let Harold see how many
..he holds by this day twelve months. od. He is expected
this day week (or, in Sc., this day eight days).
19. Day about, on alternate days in rotation,
each on or for a day in his turn: cf. Apour,
A. 5b. Day by day, on each successive day,
daily, every day in its turn (without any notion
of cessation) ; also af/rib. Day after day, each
day as a sequel to the preceding, on every day
as it comes (but without intending future continu-
ance), (From) day to day, continuously or with-
out interruption from one day to another (said of
a continuation of state or conditions) ; also a¢érid.
1g.. Morrat Wf of Auchtirmuchty (Bannatyne MS.),
Content am I To tak the pluche i ew about.
Sec thea dary Uy be
each other .
“alae Trvson Poca 33 A world of peace And confidence,
y after day.
R. Grove, (a Fram daye to daye hii dude
the eaeainane vay Cathet 88 From Day to day, die
in diem, in dies, di ‘Aurelio § Isab, (1608) 1 iij,
you have
beane worse, 1605 SHAKS.
Cc ta che potty from day to day. 1712 ADDISON
Speer. No. 445 P3 Rether 1 should stil persist in laying
my Speculations, from Day to Day, before the Publick.
1883 Manch. Exam, 8 Dec. 4/1 For day-to-day loans the
charge was 2 to 2} per cent,
20. All day: the whole day; + every day; see
1b,and Atpay. A// days: always, for ever: see
6b. Better days: see 13a. EVERY-DAY, FrrstT Day,
.v. Good day: see Goop. Late in the day: see
ate. Now-a-days, + now bi-dawe: see Now and
A-pays. One day, one of these days; see 7b. The
other day: two (or a few) days ago: see OTHER.
Some day, some of these days; see 7b. Time of
day ; hour of the clock, period of the world’s history,
etc.: see True. Zhe pry after (or before) the fair :
too late (or too early); see Fair sb.) Days in
Bank, Days of Grace, etc.: see BANK? 2, Grace, ete.
DAY.
Also AL Foons’ pAy, ASCENSION, BLACK-LETTER,
Lawrut Day, etc.: see these words, _
VI. Attributive uses and Combinations.
21. The common use of the possessive genitive
day’s (as in other nouns of time) somewhat restricts
the simple attributive use of day. ‘The genitive is
used in, e.g., the day’s duties, needs, sales, takings ;
a day’s length, sunshine; aday’s fighting, journey,
march, rest; a days allowance, fast, pay, provi-
sions, victuals, wages, etc. So with the pl. ¢wo
days’ journey, three days’ pay, etc. See also
DaysMan, Day’s Work.
ax250 Owl § Night. 1588 That gode wif .. Haveth daies
kare and ni3tes wake. 1388 Wycur Luke ii. 44 Thei..
camen a daies iourney [1382 the wey of a day]. 1422 Z. £.
Wills Sr 50 Myn eche daies gowne. 1548 Hatt Chron.
228 b, Ponderynge together yestardayes promise, and two-
dayes doyng. 1784 Cowrer Zask u. 6 My ear is pained ..
with every Aer report. 1859 TENNYSON “nid 476 In next
day’s tourney. Mod, ‘ He has neither night’s rest nor day’s
ease’, as the saying is. A distance of three days’ journey.
22. Such combinations as eight days when used
attrib. may become ezght-day.
1836 [see Eicut]. 1847 Nat. Encycl. 1. 413 Six-day
licenses may be granted. od. An eight-day clock.
. General combinations: a. szvzple attrib. ‘ of
the day, esf. as opposed to the night, the day’s’,
as day-beam, -blush, -glory, -god, -going, -hours,
-season, -spirit ; ‘of a day, as a period of time, a
day’s’, as day-bill, -journey, -name, -respite, -sum,
-ticket, -warning.
1813 Hoce Queen’s Wake 263 The *day-beam .. O’er
Queensberry began to peep. 1825 D. L. Richarpson
Sonnets 60 The day-beams fade Along the crimson west.
1824 Byron ¥uan xv. lxii, A single *day-bill Of modern
dinners. 1813 — Br. Adydos u. xxviii, When the *day-
blush bursts from high. 1827 Blackw. Mag. XXI. 81 Why,
*Day-god, why so late? 1638 Jackson Creed 1x. xxiv. Wks.
VIII. 353 Betwixt three of the clock and the *day-going.
1 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. u. U The upper half of the
circle..is the *Day-Hours, and the lower ..is the Night-
Hours. 1483 Cath. Angi. 88 A *Day iornay, dieta. c 1489
Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xix. 429 A*day respyte is worthe
moche, @ 1568 CoverpaLe Bk. Death 1. xxi, Neither need
to fear any inconvenience by night, neither swift arrow in
the *day-season, 1850 Mrs. Browninc Poems II. 274 Thy
*day-sum of delight. c1530 Lp. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt.
(1814) 443 To be redy at a *day warning. -
b. attrib. ‘ Pertaining to or characteristic of the
day, existing by day, diurnal’; as day-bell, -bird,
-breeze, -clothes, -guest, -haul, -moth, -shift, -task,
-watch, -watchman, -wind.
15.. Zale of Basyn 172 in Hazl. £. P. P. U1. 51 Thei
daunsyd all the ny3t, till the son con ryse; The clerke rang
the *day-bell, as it was his gise. 1774 Wuite in PAi?.
Trans. UXV. 266 It does not withdraw to rest till a quarter
before nine .. being the latest of all *day-birds. 1808 J.
Bartow Columé. uu. 540 The *day-breeze fans the God.
1644 A. BurcEssE Magistrates Commniission 15 It ought to be
your *day-care and your night-care, and your morning-care.
1856 Emerson Lung. Traits, Voy. to Eng. Wks. (Bohn) II.
12 The master never slept but in his *day-clothes whilst on
board. 4 WuitLock Zootomia 33 If griefe lodges with
us over night, Joy shall be our *Day Guest. 1888 E. J.
Matuer Nor ard of Dogger 103 The smacks had their gear
down for a *day-haul. 1831 CartyLe Sart. Res, (1858) 73
Your very *Daymoth has capabilities in this kind. 1872
Daily News 12 Oct., The people of the *day-shift trooping
in to relieve the night-workers. 1630 Bratuwait Lug.
Gentlem., Our Ordinary Gentleman, whose *day-taske is
this. 1837 WHEELWwRiGHT tr. Aristophanes 1. 263 Eluding
our *day-watch. 1722 De For Plague (1840) 51 Till the
morning-man, or *day-watchman, as they called him, came
to relieve him. 1846 Keste Lyra Iunoc. (1873) 50 How
soft the *day-wind sighed. ‘
e. With agent-nouns and words expressing action,
(that acts or is done) by day, during the day, as
distinguished from night’, as day-devourer, -drudge,
flier, -lurker, -nurse, -seller, -sleeper ; day-drowst-
ness, fishing, ~journeying, -reflection, -slumber,
-somnambulism, -vision; also adjectives, as day-
appearing, -flying, -shining, etc.
1821 Suettey Fragments, Wandering i, Like a *day-
appearing dream. 1725 Porr Odyss. xrx. 83 A *day-devourer,
and an evening spy! 1852 Meanderings of Mem. 1. 149
*Day-drowsiness—and aes arousing power. 1840 Car-
LYLE Heroes (1858) 237 Show him the way of doing that,
the dullest *daydrudge kindles into a hero. 1653 WALTON
Axgler 126 There is night as well as *day-fishing for a Trout.
1889 A. R. WALLACE Darwinism 248 *Day-flying moths.
1876 Gro, Exior Dax, Der. IV. Ixiv. 274 In leisurely *day-
journeying from Genoa to London. 1657 Tomiinson Rexou’s
Disp. 4 Jugglers, *Day-lurkers, and Deceivers. 1725 Pore
Odyss. W. 1 The *day-reflection, and the midnight-
dream! 1889 Taddet 3 Aug. 167 Two classes of flower-girl—
the *day-sellers and the night-sellers. 1380 SipNEy Arcadia
(1622) 2 The *day-shining starres. 1549 Curxe Hurt Sedit.
(1641) 41 *Day-sleepers, pursse-pickers. 18: Topp Cyci.
Anat. II. 767/2 The bat. .awoke from its deep *day-slumber.
1849 H. Mayo Truths in Pop. Superst. vi. 86 Let me
narrate some instances..one of *day-somnambulism. 1677
Gate Crt. Gentiles U1. 1. 58 Their night-dreams and *day-
visions whereby they divined things. a
d. objective or objective genitive, as day-dis-
pensing, -distracting, -loving adjs. ; day-hater, -pro-
longer; @. instrumental, as day-it, day-wearied
adj.; f adverbial, as day-hired, -lasting, -lived
adjs.; g. similative and parasynthetic, as day-
bright, -clear, -eyed adjs.
1sgo I. Watson Poems (Arb.) 159 Virgo make. fountains
51
of thy *daie-bright eine. a1592 Greene & Lonce Looking
Glasse (1861) 124 The day-bright eyes that made me see.
1785 Burns 2nd Ep. to ¥. Lapraik xvii, Some *day-detest-
ing owl. 1725 Pore Odyss. xx. 102 The *day-distracting
theme. 1796 T. TowNsHEND Poems 49 *Day-eyed Fancy.
bg Daniet Civ. Wars u. c, The *day-hater, Minerva’s
bird. 1751 Female Foundling 11. 159 *Day-hired Ser-
vants. @ 1649 Drumm. or Hawtu. Fan. Epist. Wks. (1711)
139 *Day-lasting ornaments. 1885 R. L. Stevenson Dyna-
miter 136 The broad, daylit unencumbered paths of uni-
versal scepticism. 1839 BatLey /’estus v. (1848) 48 Things
born of vice or *day-lived fashion. 1824 J. Bowrinc Bata-
vian Anthol, 158 *Day-prolonger —summer’s mate. 1595
Suaxs. Fohn v. iv. 35 Feeble, and *day-wearied Sunne.
24. Special combinations: ‘+ day-and-ni‘ght-
shot, the name of some disease; day-befo're
attrib., of the previous day; day-boarder. see
BoaRDER; + day-body, a person taken up with
the things of the day; day-boy, a school-boy (at
a boarding-school) who attends the classes but goes
home for the evening, as distinguished from a
BoaRDER, q.v. ; day-clock, a clock which requires
to be wound up daily ; day-coal (see 5); + day,
day ! a childish expression for ‘ good day’, ‘ good-
bye’ (cf. ¢a-ta); day-degree (see quot.); day-
drift, -hole (see quot. and 5); day-eye (Coal-
mining), a working open to daylight ; day-gang
‘+ a. a day’s march or journey (ods.); b. a gang of
miners, etc., forming the day-shift; day-gown,
a woman’s gown worn by day; day-holding, the
holding of an appointed day (for arbitration) ; day-
hours ( //.), those offices for the Canonical Hours
whicharesaid inthe day-time; day-house (As¢ro/.),
a house in which a planet is said to be stronger
by day than by night (Wilson Déct. Astrol.) ;
++ day-liver, one who lives for a day, or for the
day ; dayman, one employed for the day, or for
duty on a special day; day-nettle: see Drap-
NETTLE and DEA-NEITLE; day-room, a room occu-
pied by day only; + day-set, sun-set; day-shine,
day-light ; + day-shutting, close of day, sunsct ;
day-stone, a naturally detached block of stone
found on the surface (see 5); day-streak, streak
of dawn ; day-student, a student who comes to
a college, etc. during the day for lectures or study,
but does not reside there ; day-ticket, a railway or
other ticket covering return on the same day ; also,
a ticket covering all journeys or entrances made by
the purchaser on the day of issue ; day-tide ( foe?.,)
day-time ; day-wages, wages paid by the day;
+ day-wait, a watcher or watchman by day;
day’-wa'rd sd., ward kept by day; day'ward a.
and adv., towards the day; day-water, surface
water (see 5).
1527 ANDREW Brunswyke’s Distyll. Waters Kijb, The
same water is good agaynste a sore named the *daye and
nyght shotte. 1828 CosperT Sevm., Drunkenness 45 No-
body is so dull as the *daybefore drunkard. 1567-8 App.
Parker Corr, 310, I trust, not so great a *day-body..but
can consider both reason and godliness. 1848 THACKERAY
Van. Fair 11. xxi, Georgy was, like some dozen other pupils,
only a *day-boy. 1888 Burcon Lives 12 Gd. Men 1. iii.
302 The attempt was made to send [him]..as a day-boy, to
Rugby school. 1859 Gro. Exior A. Bede 38 No sound..
but the loud ticking of the old *day-clock. 1712 ARBUTHNOT
John Bull w. vii, Bye! bye, Nic!.. Won't you like to
shake your *day-day, Nic? 1784 P. Otiver in 7. Hutchin-
son’s Diary II, 213 Day, day! Yrs, P. Oliver. 1886 Daily
News 17 May 3/4 The result is expressed in *day-degrees,
a day-degree signifying one degree of excess or deficit of
temperature above or below 42 deg. continued for 24 hours,
or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional
number of hours. 1891 Labour Commission Gloss., *Day
drifts or day holes, galleries or inclined planes driven from
the surface so that men can walk underground to and from
their work without descending and ascending a shaft. 1890
H. T. Crorton in Trans. Lanc. & Cheshire Antig. Soc.
VII. 27 Coal would probably be obtained first by ‘ drifts’,
‘**day-eyes’, or ‘ breast-highs.’ a@ 1300 Cursor M, 5842 Vte
of his land egg tee thre. 1840 T. A. TRoLLope Sze.
Britt. 11. 163 When the day-gangs come up, and those for
the night go down. 1889 Pad Mad/ G. 14 Nov. 1/3 Another
*day gown for a well-known society woman. 1565 in Child
Marriages (E.E.T.S.) 44 Ther was diuerse *daie-holdinges
to get them to abide together ; which they neuer cold bringe
to passe, 1892 PalZ Mall. G. 11 Feb. 5/1 The coal is won by
means of a*day hole. 1855 P. FREEMAN Princ. Div. Service I.
220 There is, however, attached to each of these ‘*day-hours”
a ‘mid-hour’ Office. 1630 Drumm. or Hawt. Hymn to Fairest
Fair, *Day-livers, we rememberance do lose Of ages worn.
1880 7%mes 8 Oct. 8/5 The Liberal secretaries .. mentioned
the names of the chairmen, treasurers, executive ‘*daymen’,
and captains of the respective wards. 1882 NAres Seaman-
ship (ed. 6) 98 Marines, Idlersor Daymen. 1823 NicHoLson
Pract. Builder 577 A Small County Prison .. A spacious
*day room on the ground floor. ¢1386 Cuaucer Clerk's 7.718
At *day set he on his way is goon. c 1822 Beppors Pyg-
malion Poems 154 By moon, or lamp, or sunless *day shine
white. 1872 Tennyson Gareth § L. 1065 Naked in open
dayshine. 1673. in Picton L’fool Munic. Rec. (1883) 1. 316
That every publick house hang out lanthornes. .till 8 a clock
at night, from *day shutting. 1877 A. H. Green Phys.
Geol. x. § 3. 441 *Day-stones. 1850 CLoucn Difsychus 83
The chilly *day-streak signal. 1883 Durham Univ. Fru.
17 Dec. 141 Sorry indeed to see the *day-student system
becoming the rule. 1846 Railway Reg. III. 248 *Day
tickets—The charge is a fare and a half. 18:8 Keats
Endym. wi, 365 At brim of *day-tide. 1625 tr. Camden's
Hist. Eliz. 1. (1688) 49 Souldiers, Servants, and all that took
DAYBOOK.
*Day-Wages for their Labour. a1592 GreENE Orfharion
Wks. (Grosart) XII. 86 A labourer for day wages. 1496
Dives §& Paup. (W. de W.) v. xi. 210, I haue made the
a *dayewayte to the people of Israell. 1597-1602 IV”. Riding
Sessions Rolls 49 (Yorks. Archzol. Assoc.), Vigilias suas in
diebus anglice their *daywarde. 1876 Lanier Poems, Psalue
of West 367 Whilst ever *dayward thou art steadfast drawn.
1698 Cay in Phil. Trans. XX. 369 A meer *Day-Water ..
immediately from the Clouds. 1808 Curwen Econ. Feeding
Stock 198 A poor clay..extremely retentive of day-water.
+ Day, v.! Ods. In 3 dezen, daizgen. [A
form of Daw v., assimilated to day sb.] ‘To dawn.
¢ 1205 Lay. 21726 Lihten hit gon de3en [c 1275 da3eie]. —
21854 Faire hit gon da3izen. — 26940 Hit agon dai3en [c 1275
dazeze]. c1275 /bid. 1694 A morwe po hit da3eéde [c 1205,
dawede]. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 112 Dayyn, or wexyn day..
diesco. Ibid. 114 Dawyn idem est, quod dayyn [Pynson
dayen], auroro. c1460 Towneley Myst.. Facob 108 Fare-
well now, the day dayes. 1483 Cath. Angl. 88 To Day,
diere, diescere.
Hence Day‘ing vé/. sb. = DAWING, DAWNING.
c1420 Anturs of Arth. xxxvii, In pe daying of be day.
¢1532 Dewes Jxtrod. Fr. in Palsgr. 927 At the dayeng,
a Lajourner.
+ Day, v.2 Obs.
connected senses. ]
1. trans. To appoint a day to any one; to cite or
summon for an appointed day. [transl]. Flem.
daghen. |
1481 Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 19 That he shold be sente
fore and dayed ernestly agayn, for tlo] abyde suche luge-
ment.
2. To submit (a matter) to, or decide by, arbi-
tration. Cf. DAYMEN’.
1484 [see Dayinc v7. sb.]._ 1880 Lurton Sivgila 117 They
haue bin enforced when all their money was. .spent, to haue
their matter dayed, and ended by arbitrement.
8. To give (a person) time for payment; adso/.
to postpone payment. (Cf. Day sd. 12.)
1566 WaGer €riell Debter, The most part of my debtters
have honestly payed, And they that were not redy I have
gently dayed. 1573 Tusser Husd. Ixii. (1878) 139 Tl
husbandrie daieth, or letteth it lie: Good husbandrie paieth,
the cheaper to bie.
4. To appoint or fix as a date.
1594 Carew asso (1881) 114 So when the terme was
present come, that dayd The Captaine had.
5. To measure by the day; to furnish with days.
1600 Asp. Ansot Exp, Fonah 545 Is it nothing that their
life is dayed and houred, and inched out by a fearful God
and terrible? 1616 BuppeEn tr. Aerodius’ Parent's Hon. 168
Naturall duty, can neither be dayde nor yeard, nor deter-
mined by age, or eldership. 1839 Batty Hestus xiii. (1848)
122 When earth was dayed--was morrowed.
6. 70 year and day: to subject to the statutory
period of a year and a day.
1523 Firzuers. Surv. 28b, And put them in sauegarde to
the lordes vse till they be yered and deyd. @1626 W.ScLater
Serm. Exper. (1638) 186 Whiles favours are new, we can ..
say, God be thanked; but, once year’d and day’d, they
scarce ever come more into our thought.
Day, var. of Dey, dairywoman.
+ Day'age. Ods. [?f Day sé.+-ace.]
murrage.
1592 in Picton L’fool Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 70 [Various
heads under which dues were claimed].. Ferriage ; Daiage ;
Lastage ; Wharfage ; Keyage; Cranage.
+ Day'-bed. O¢s. A bed to rest on in the day-
time; a sofa, couch, lounge ; ¢rans/. (the using of)
a bed by day.
1594 Suaxs. Rich, III, m1. vii. 72 (Qo. 1) He is not lulling
ona lewd day bed. @1613 Oversury Charac., Ordinarie
Fencer Wks. (1856) 111 A bench, which in the vacation of
the afternoons he uses as his day-bed. — Distaster 127
He is a day-bed for the Devill to slumber on. 1818 Scorr
Rob Roy xxxix, An old-fashioned day-bed, or settee. 1831
Cart. Tretawny Adv. Younger Son 11. 193 Day-beds, fetid
air, nightly waltzes and quadrilles, rob her of youth.
Day'berry. Jocal. (Cornw.) Also deberry
(Devon), dabberry (Kezt). A local name of the
gooseberry, chiefly in its wild form.
1736 Prcce Kenticisms, Dabberries pl., gooseberries.
1847-78 HatLiwELL, Dedberries, gooseberries. Devon. 1880
Cornwall Gloss., Day-berry, the wild gooseberry. ,
Day’-blindness. A visual defect in which
the eyes see indistinctly, or not at all, by daylight,
but tolerably well by artificial light.
1834 Goon Study Med. (ed. 4) III. 145. 1838 Penny Cyc.
XII. 114/2 Nyctalopia, night-vision, or day-blindness, prob-
ably never occurs as a separate disease. z :
Day'book, day-book. A book in which the
occurrences or transactions of the day are entered ;
a diary, journal ; + also, a book for daily use or
reference ; Vazt. a log-book (o0és.).
1580 Hottysanp Treas. Fr. Tong, Papier iournal, a
day booke. 1583 J. Hicins tr. ¥2nius’ Nomenclator (N.),
Diarium.. Registre journel..& daie booke, conteining such
acts, deedes, and matters as are dailie done. 1603 FLorio
Montaigne (1634) 111 The daybooke of houshold affaires.
1615 R. Brucu (¢ét/e) Gerhard’s Soule’s Watch; or a
Day-booke for the devout Soule, consisting of one and
fiftie Heavenly Meditations. 1654 Trapp Com. Ps. v. 4
The young Lord Harrington, and sundry others, kept
Journals, or Day-books, and oft read them over, for an help
to Humiliation, 1709 Steete Tatler No. 10 P3, I see
a Sentence of Latin in my Brother's Day-Book of Wit.
1866 Mrs. Gasket. Wives and D, 1. 328, ‘I don’t like his
looks’, thought Mr. Gibson to himself at night, as over his
daybooks he reviewed the events of the day. 1867 SmyTH
Sailor's Word-bk., Day-book, an old and better name for
the log-book.
T*-2
[f Day s56.; in several dis-
? De-
DAYBREAK.
b. Book-keeping. Originally, a book in which
the commercial transactions of the day, as sales,
purchases, etc., are entered at once in the order in
which they occur; now, very generally restricted to
a book containing the daily record of a particular
class of transactions, as a Purchases Daybook,
Sales Daybook, and more especially used of the
latter, in which credit sales are recorded.
In Book-keeping by Double Entry, often a synonym of
the Wast. bi k, whence sactions are posted in the
Fournal; in the methods of Single Entry commonly used
by tradesmen, the book in which goods sold on credit are
entered tothe debit of the purchaser, and whence they are
posted into the Ledger, is called variously Daybook or
Journal.
1660 T, WittsrorD Scales of Commerce 208 The Diary, or
Day-book, ought to be in a large folio. 1682 ScARLETT
Exchanges 222 In some Fairs they use only to note the
Resconter in their Day-books, or Memorial, or Pocket-
Books that can be blotted out again. 1 ‘51 CHAMBERS
Cycl. s.v. Book, The waste-book..is in reality a journal or
day-book; but that name being applied to another, the
name waste book is given to this by way of distinction ..
Fournal-book or day-book, is that wherein the affairs of each
day are entered orderly down, as they happen, from the
waste-book. 1887 Westm. Rev. June 276 The ledgers and
daybooks of every-day business life are his guides.
Day’‘break. [Cf. Break v. 41 and sd,1 2.] The
first appearance of light in the morning; dawn.
1530 Patscr. 804/1 At daye breake, au jour creuer. 1683
Burnet tr. More's Utopia (1684) 81 It is ordinary to have
Publick Lectures every Morning before day-break. 1841
Lane Arad. Nts. 1. 17 Between daybreak and sunrise.
attrib, 1825 Waterton Wand. S. Amer. 1. i. The
crowing of the hannaquoi will sound in thine ears like the
daybreak town-clock.
So + Day’-breaking, the breaking of the day.
1598 GRrENEWEY Tacitus’ Ann. 1. xiv. (1622) 26 At day
breaking, the legions .. abandoned their standings. 1647
(¢7tZe), The Day-breaking if not the Sun-rising of the Gospel
with the Indians in New England.
Day-daw. Sc. =next.
Day'-dawn. Chiefly Zoctic. The dawn of day,
daybreak.
1813 Coteripce Remorse w. ii. 53 His tender smiles, love’s
day-dawn on his lips. 1857 S. Osporn Quedah ix. 109 The
daydawn had already chased the stars away. 1 Morris
Odyssey \v. 192 Now doth the Day-dawn speed, And at hand
is the mother of morning. ;
Day’-dream. A dream indulged in while
awake, esp. one of happiness or gratified hope or
ambition ; a reverie, castle in the air.
1685 Drypen Lucret. (T.), And when awake, thy soul but
nods at best, Day dreams and sickly thoughts revolving in
thy breast. 1711 STEELE Sfect. No. 167 P 3 The gay
Phantoms that dance before my waking Eyes and compose
my Day-Dreams. 1815 Scotr Guy I. iv, We shall not
pursue a lover's day-dream any farther. C. Knicut
Passages Work, Lifel. i. 122 The realities of life had cured
me of many day-dreams.
attrib, 1829 I. Tayvtor Enthus. ix. 231 The object of day-
dream contemplation.
So Day’-dream v., to indulge in day-dreams ;
Day’-dreamer ; Day'-dreaming v//. sb.; Day'-
dreamy a., pertaining to day-dreams,
1820 W. Irvine Sketch-Bk., The Voyage, One given to
day-dreaming, and fond of mene himself in reveries. 1873
Symonps Grk. Poets xi. 376 All day-dreamers and castle-
builders. 1884 A thenzum 6 Dec. 738/1 The girl .. who sits
day-dreaming in a vignette.
ayerie, -ry, obs. forms of Datry.
Dayesie, dayesegh, obs. forms of Daisy.
+ Day'-fever. Ols. A fever of a day’s dura-
tion or coming on in the day-time ; the sweating-
sickness, ephemera anglica pestilens of old authors.
1601 Hottanp Pliny II. Sh lag who vpon the Suns
heat haue gotten the headach or a day-feuer. 1610 —
Camden's Brit. 1. 24 That pestilent day-fever in Britaine,
which commonly wee call the British or English swet.
Day’-flower. A flower that opens by day;
spec. in U.S, the genus Commelyna or Spider-
wort.
1688 R. Hotme Armoury u. #2 The Virginian Spider-
wort..may be called the Day Flower, for it opens in the
day, and closes in the night. 1866 Treas. Bot., Day-flower,
an American name for Commelyna.
Day’-fly. An insect of the family Zphemeride,
which in the imago or perfect state lives only a few
hours or at most a few days; an ephemerid,
1601 Hottanp Pliny I. 330 A foure footed flie .. it liueth
not aboue one day, whereupon it is called Hemerobion
(, a day-fly). ax71x Ken vatives Poet. Wks. 1721
IV. 36 This Fly..Never lives longer than a single Day;
’Tis therefore styl'd a Day-Fly. 1860 Gosse Kom. Nat.
HTist. 15 The triple-tailed of dayflies creep in and out.
Day-house: see Dry-HOUSE.
+i ing, v/. sb. Obs. [f Day v.27] The
action of the verb Day, esp. arbitration, settle-
ment of a dispute by ‘ daysmen’.
1484 Churchw, Acc. St. Dunstan's, Canterd., Spent at the
dayng betwene Baker and the paryshe. 1556 J. Heywoop
Spider § F. K iv, To bie at a newe Or bringe..To an
vneertentie by douwtfull daying. /dzd. O iij, That we maie
name our en to this daiyng. 1565 Jewer Def. Afol.
(1611) 42 Our Doctrine hath bin So too long, to be
put a daying in these daies. Bernarp tr. Terence,
Andria iu. ii, If 1 doe obtaine her, why should I make any
more daying for the matter? 1612 Speep /ist. Gt. Brit. 1X.
) me 16 Neither indeed did Philip thus put the matter to
laying.
52
+Day‘ish, c. Ods. rare. [f. Day sb. + -1SH.]
Of or ining to day; diurnal.
1398 Trevisa Barth. dé P. R. vu. ix. (Tollem. MS.),
“Dayische signis [diurna; 1535 = eee
ayl, obs. form of DALE's
Day labour, day tabour. Labour done as
a daily task, or for daily wages; labour hired by
the day.
©1449 Pecock Refr., His dai labour. c 1655 Mitton
Sonn. Blindness, ‘Doth God exact day labour, light denied?
I fondly ask. 1659 B. Harris Parival’s Iron Age 245
Such as escaped, fled into Holland, to save their uni apy
lives by Day-labour. 1749 BerkeLey Word to Wise Wks.
III. 446 By pure dint of day-labour, frugality, and foresight.
1793 SMEATON Edystone L. § 101 An |xpeors «as low, in
regard to the value of day labour, as could. - be ex; e ted.
ay:-la‘bourer. A labourer who is hired to
work at a certain rate of wages per day ; one who
earns his living by day labour.
1548 Act 2-3 Edw. VI, c. 13 § 7 Other than such as beene
common day labourers. 1585 Asp. SANpys Sermt. (1841) 104
Should a king then .. prefer a mean artificer or a day-
labourer before himself? 1632 Mitton L’Adlegro 109 His
shadowy flail hath threshed the corn That ten day-labourers
could not end. 1699 Poor Max's Plea 16 In the Southern
arts of England, where a Day-labourer can gain 9s. per
Week for his Labour. 1755 SMOLLETT Quix. (1803) IV. 43
It makes me sweat like a day-labourer. a 1853 Robertson
Lect. Cor. xxiii. (1878) 171 A nation may exist without an
astronomer, or philosopher, but a day-labourer is essential
to the existence of man. .
So Day’-la‘bouring ///. a., that works for daily
wages. :
1739 Cipser Afol. (1756) I. 313 The day-labouring actors.
1810 Sporting Mag. XX XV. 213 Simpson is a day-labouring
man.
Dayless (dé'lés),a. [f. Day sd. + -LEss.]
+1. Without redress, resource, or result. Oés.
(? ue lost his day, or the day.)
1380 Wyciir Wks. (1880) 92 Pes vanytes wasten pore
mennus goodis & suffren hem goo dailes whanne pei han
nedis to pursue. /éid. 129 Pore men schullen stonde with
oute & goo dailes but 3if pei geten knockis. 1387 TREvIsA
Higden (Rolls) V. 159 His enemy was bigiled and passed
dayles [in vanum]. 1519 Horman Vudg. 247b, He came
ageyne daylesse, or nothynge done [ve infecta rediit].
4 Devoid ofthe light of day; dark.
1816 Byron Prisoner of Chillon Sonnet, To fetters and the
damp vault’s dayless gloom. 1892 Lp. Lytton King
Poppy Prol. 356 Gleaming thro’ a dayless world.
. Not divided into days.
1839 BaiLey Festus xix. (1848) 218 Deep in all dayless
time, degreeless space.
Daylight (dé loit).
1. The light of day. (Formerly also day's light.)
+ To burn daylight: see BURN v. 11 b.
a 1300 Cursor M. 6195 (Cott.) Drightin self bam ledd pair
wai .. Wit cluden piler on dai light. /id. 17344 Par he o
naman suld ha sight, Ne nankins leme o dais light. ¢ 1386
Cuaucer Can. Yeom. Prol. & T. 328 A bak to walke inne by
day-light. 1484 Caxton Fadles of Alfonse (1889) 1 He
had shame by daye ly3t to go in to the hows of his Frend.
1 Suaxs. Rom. & Ful. u. ii. 20 The brightnesse of her
cheeke would shame those starres As day-light doth a Lampe.
1715 Lond. Gaz. No. 5283/2 We..resolved to pursue as long
as we had Day-light. 1725 Pore Odyss. xvi. 353 The day-
light fades. 1862 Darwin in Life & Lett. (1887) I. 187 His
Lectures on Botany were..as clear as daylight.
b. fig. The full NB of knowledge and observa-
tion ; openness, publicity.
1690 Locke Hum. Und. w. xiv. (1695) 374 God has set
some things in broad Day-light ; as he has given us some
certain Knowledge. 1856 Emerson Eng. 7vaits, Character
Wks. (Bohn) II. 58 They are good at..any desperate service
which has daylight and honour in it. Law Times
ary/s A healthy condition of such [jury] lists is not to be
relied upon unless they are kept in plenty of daylight.
ce. To let daylight into; to open up, make a
hole in; to stab or shoot a person. slang.
1793 A. Younc Example of France (ed, 3) 172 In the
lan; of the streets, on de ag is let into him. 1841
Punch 1. 101/2 (Farmer) With the. .intention of letting day-
_ into the wittling di ment. 1890 Jé/ustr. Lond.
ews Christm. No. 2/1 Some .. sharpshooter will .. let
daylight into one of us.
2. The time of daylight, the day-time ; spec. the
time when daylight appears, day-break, as in defore
or at daylight.
(In early use not clearly separable from 1.)
cx20§ Lay. 27337 Pa pas ferde wes al idiht ba wes hit dai-
light. @ 1250 Owl & Night. a From eve fort hit is ber ats
cx1400 Vwaine & v, 233 Alsone als it was dayes lyght.
@ 1533 Lp. Berners //xox Ixvi. 228 To departe or it be day
lyght. _ Narsoroven ¥rni, in Acc. Sev, Late Voy. 1.
(1694) 112 At Dexia the Wind was at South-West. 1836
Marrvar Midsh. Easy xiv. 51 Mesty was up at daylight.
1885 E. Arnotp Secret of Death 5 Ofttimes at daylight
I would go To watch the sunlight flood the skies,
3. A clear visible space or interval: a. between
boats, etc. in a race; b. between the rim of a
wine-glass and the surface of the liquor, which
must be filled up when a bumper is drunk; ec.
between a rider and the saddle, etc. slang.
1820 Suettey Gdipus Tyr. 1. ii. 35 Add. A toast !
a toast!.. A No heel-taps—darken daylights! 1836
. eefer xliv, No heel-taps after, and no day-
light before. 1884 Camé. Rev. 10 Dec. 132 After about a
quarter of a mile, daylight was visible between the two boats.
4. pl. The eyes. slang.
1752 Frevpinc Amelia 1. x. (D.), If the lady says such
another word to me..I will darken her daylights, 1821
—
DAY-RAWE.
Blackw. Mag. X. 586, 1 saw the storm ., through my half-
bunged-up daylights. ‘
5. (See quot.)
1889 Century Dict., Daylight, a name of the American
spotted turbot, Lophopsetia macudata, a fish so thin as to
be almost t t..Also called window-pane.
6. attrib. and Comb., as daylight colour, etc. ;
+ daylight-gate, the going or close of the day.
1613 T. Porrs Disc. Witches (Chetham Soc.) Bijb, The
sayd Spirit .. at sundry times unto her .. about
Daylight-gate. Newton Ofticks (J.), Their own day-
light colours. 1753, ocartn Anal. Beauty xii. 95 A day-
ight piece. 1842 G. S. Faser Provinc. Lett. (1844) 11. 301
rough darkling suggestions rather than through day-light
assertions, 1850 Hr. Martineau /ist. Peace I. 705 True
to broad daylight English life.
Hence (once-wd.) Day*lighty a., full of day-
light, as a picture.
1880 W. Severn in Macm. Mag. No. 245. 379 A truthful
simple Miller, or a daylighty Cox.
-lily. A lily, the flower of which lasts
only for a day; a genus of liliaceous M casa
Hemerocallis, with large yellow or orange flowers.
1597 Gerarve //erbal 1. lxxill. (ed. 1633), Day-lilie. This
plant bringeth forth in the morning his bud, which at noone
1s full blowne, or spred abroad, and the same day in the
evening it shuts itselfe. 1706 J. Garpiner tr. Rapin (1728)
1. 48 (Jod.) Thou .. Shalt of daylily the fair name receive,
Be ‘arden 3 June 391/3 Bouquets are of yellow Day Lily.
Daylle, obs. north. form of Dou.
Daylong (dé‘'lpn), a. and adv. [f. Day sd. +
Lone: cf. “ife-long.] a. adj. Lasting all day.
b. adv. All through the day.
1855 Tennyson The Brook 53 His rh? Ag coos chirping.
1870 Morris Zarthly Par. 1. 1. 187 He mounted..And
daylong rode on from the north. /é#d. III. 1v. 195 As firm
as rocks that stand The day-long beating of the sea,
Dayly(e, obs. forms of Datty, DALLy.
Day’-mare. [After ight-mare.] A condition
similar to night-mare occurring during wakefulness.
Also attrib.
1737 M.Green Spleen 39 The day-mare Spleen, by whose
false pleas Men prove mere suicides in ease. 1 LERIDGE
Biog. Lit. (1872) 11. 744, 1 necessarily have day-mare dreams
that something will prevent it. 1871 Sir T. Watson Princ.
Physic (ed. 5) I. 737 A lady .. subject to these attacks of
imperfect catalepsy : which have. . been called gee a
but expressively, attacks of day-mare, 1889 LoweLt |
Atlantic Monthly LXV. 147 Help me to tame these wild
day-mares That sudden on me unawares.
+ Day math, day’s math. 0és. A day's
mowing; the extent of meadow-land mown by a
man in one day; cf. DAY-WoRK 2.
1 Will of R. Mayor in Lichfield Merc. (1889) 23 Aug.
8/1 Alsoe all that parcell of meadow grounds, ae
acre or dayes math of ground for her naturall life. And
after her deceyse, the above three acres or daye’s workes of
arrable land, and one day-math of meadow to m
daughter, Ursula Mayor. 1804 Duncums Herefordsh,
Gloss. (App.), Day's math, is. .about a statute acre; in other
words, it is that centr ot grass usually pee a man
in one day, for the ee of ing hay. Sir F.
Patcrave Norm. §& Eng. IV. 61.
+Day‘ment. Os. Also daiment. [f. Day v.?
+-MENT.] Arbitration.
1519 Horman Vulg. 204b, Wylt thou be tryed by the
lawe: or by dayment. 1562 J. Hevwoop Prov. § Efigr.
1867) 207 Many arbitterments without good dayment. 1580
uPton Sivgila 117 To spende all..that money and put it
ent at last. 5
yn, v. Obs. Yate of Dawn, assimi-
lated to day.] To dawn. So Day-ening (in 3
daizen-, daien-, dain-, daning), dawning, dawn.
cago Gen. & Ex.77 De dai eonag come eft agon. /bid.
1808 Til de ing. Jbid. 1810 daining. /éid. 3264
Do ng Se daiening. xg1r5 Scot. Field Sone after
dayned the daie. [bid 4a2"Then dayned the daie.
» -@, obs. forms of Derren. ,
Pennant Zool. 1766) 330 These nets are known in
most parts of Eng! by the name of day-nets or clap-nets.
Daynous, var. of DeIcnous a. Ods.
1, The diurnal or Hawk-owl, which
seeks its prey in the day-time.
1840 Macottiiveay Hist. Brit. Birds U1. 404 ene
Funerea, the Hawk Day-owl. /did. 407 Syrnia Nyctea,
the Snowy Day-owl. ‘ ’
Day'-peep. Peep of day; earliest dawn.
{x Pabsore Goa/s At ve i pe, ala pipe =
1606 Wily Beguiled in H Bosley IX. 250 She'll run
out o’ ni: a-dancing, and come no more home till day-
peep. las Mitton Animady, xiii. (1851) 2 €
Gardener, that ever since the da wrought pain-
fully. 1828 Scorr F. M1. P. yy Good night, or rather,
good morrow, till day-peep.
i -rawe, -rewe. Os. [f. Day +rawe,
rewe, Kow.] the fast streak of day; the dawn.
oi af fe opt
vpn ven, 1400-50 Alecanter 392 Qwen pe day-raw
DAY-RED.
+ Day‘-red. Ods. The red of the break of
day; the rosy dawn.
c1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke xxiv. 1 On anum reste-dx3e
swype zer on dezered hig comun to bere byrgene. c 1275
Doomsday 17 in O. E, Misc. 162 (Cotton MS.) Pe engles in
be dai-red [Yesus MS. daye-rewe] blewed heore beme.
Dayri, -rie, -ry, obs. forms of Dairy.
+ Day’-rim. Ods. In 1 -rima, 2-3 -rime. [f.
Day+Ru.] The ‘rim’ or border of the (coming)
day ; the dawn.
cx000 in Thorpe’s Hom. I. 442 (Bosw.) Hwet is Seos Se
astihb swilce arisende deegrima? c1o0go Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker
175 Aurora, dezrima. c 1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 167 Hwat
is bis be astih30 alse dai rieme? axago Owd §- Night. 328
Wone ich i-so arise verre Other dai-rim other dai-sterre.
Day’-rule. Formerly, ‘A rule or order of
court, permitting a prisoner in custody in the
King’s Bench prison, etc. to go without the bounds
of his prison for one day’ (Tomlins Law Dict.) ;
also called day-writ.
¢1750 W. Stroup Mem. 37, I effected an Escape from the
Tipstaff’s Man, who had me out by a Day-rule. 1801
Sporting a XVII. 139 An officer confined in the King’s
Bench for debt, and a gentleman in the same situation in
Newgate, having each obtained a day-rule, met, and
quarrelled. 1808 Syp. SmirH Ws. (1859) I. 127/1 Absenting
themselves from their benefices by a kind of day-rule, like
prisoners in the King’s Bench, 1813 Lams Prod. to Cole-
ridge’s Remorse, Could Quin come stalking from Elysian
glades, Or Garrick get a day-rule from the shades.
Day:-scho:lar. A pupil who attends a board-
ing-school for daily instruction without boarding
there; a day-boy (see Day sé. 24).
1833 Hr. Martineau Berkeley the Banker 1. i. 5 The
four elder ones, therefore, between four and nine years old,
became day-scholars only. 185r Maynew Lond. Labour
(ed. 2) I. 284 (Hoppe) He resumed his studies as a day-
scholar at the Charterhouse.
Day’-school. a. An elementary week-day
school, as distinguished from a Sunday school; or
one carried on in the day-time, as distinguished
from an evening or night school. b. A school at
which there is no provision for boarding pupils, as
distinguished from a boarding school.
a@x785 in Watrote Letters to Horace Mann (F. Hall).
1816 J. Haicu (¢7t/e), A practical Treatise on Day Schools ;
exhibiting their defects, and suggesting Hints for their Im-
rovement. 1838 in Penny Cycl. XXI. 41 Headings:
umber of Children of Working Classes attending..Dame
Schools and common Day Schools. . Number Uneducated in
Week-day Schools. /éid. 42 Number Attending Day or
evening schools only .. Both yd or evening and Sunday
schools. 1841 /éid. XXI. 42/1 They found many thousands
who went to neither day nor Sunday schools. 1840 DickENs
Old C. Shop viii, She maintained a very small day-school for
young ladies of proportionate dimensions. 1889 R. Kiptinc
Willie Winkie 39, t was decided that he should be sent to
es day-school. ‘od. (title) The Girls’ Public Day-school
mpany.
Dayse, obs. form of Dazz.
zs Om A visual defect in which the eyes
see clearly only in the daylight.
1834 Goop Study Med. (ed. 4) III. 147 Day-sight is said to
be endemic in some parts of France. 1851-60 in Mayne
Expos. Lex.
Daysman (dézm&n). [f. Day 5d, + Man.
For sense 1, cf. Day v.2 2, and DayMENT.]
1. An umpire or arbitrator ; a mediator. arch.
1489 Plumpton Corr. 82 Sir, the dayesmen cannot agre
us. 1535 CoverpaLe Yob ix. 33 Nether is there eny dayes
man to reproue both the partes, or to laye his honde be-
twixte us. 1573 Mew Custom t. ii.in Hazl. Dodsley I11. 14 1f
neighbours were at variance, they ran not straight to law:
Daysmen took up the matter, and cost them not a straw.
1621 Burton Axat, Me/. Democr. to Rdr. (1657) 50 They had
some common arbitrators, or dayesmen, in every towne, that
made a friendly composition between man and man. 1681
W. Rosertson Phraseol. Gen. (1639) 427 Adays man or um-
ire, arbiter. 1746-7 Hervey Medit. (1818) 15 Death,
ike some able daysman, has laid his hand on the contending
ies. 1844 Macautay Baréve Misc. Wks. 1860 II. 128
purning out of their way the daysman who strives to take
his stand between them.
2. A worker by the day ; a day-labourer.
@1639 Warp Seri, (1862) 105 (D.) He is a good day’s-
man, or journeyman, or tasker. 1706 Puittirs (ed. Kersey),
Days-man,a Labourer that works by the Day, as a Thresher,
Hedger, etc. 1750 EL.is Country Housew. 16 (E. D. S.)
A day’s-man, as we call them in Hertfordshire. 1868
Busunett Serm. Living Subjects 111 We .. pile up what
we think good acts on one another, as some day’s man
might the cents of his wages,
+38. Obs. nonce-uses. (See quots.)
za98 Bacon Sacred Medit. (Arb) tog For we ought to
be daies-men, and not to-morrowes men, considering the
shortnesse of our time, 1658 RowLanp Mowu/fet’s Theat, Ins.
95x Weare in Pindars but érémepor, Dai n, i.e.
of a daies continuance.
Hence + Day‘smanship, the office of a days-
man; reconciliation.
1649 Licutroor Battle w. Wasps Nest Wks. 1825 1. 407
If you be so good a reconciler, I Lede «i at home: the
: Evangelists need none of your day’s ip.
Day’-sp . Daybreak, early dawn. Now
‘chiefly poet. or fig.
¢ 1300 XK, A/is. 4290 Day spryng is jolyf tide. 1382 Wycuir
Hob xzxvil, 20 Whetines «- thot .. hast shambd’tp. tus ded
spring his place. 1526-34 Tinpate Lwhe i. 78 The daye
springe from an hye hath visited vs. SS Even Decades
264 The day sprynge or dawnynge of the daye gyueth
-a certeyne lyght before the rysinge of the soonne. 1672 .
53
Mitton Samson 11 The breath of Heav'n fresh-blowing,
pure and sweet, With day-spring born. . 1791 Cowrer /diad
1. 588 The day-spring’s daughter rosy palm’d. 1837 Hr.
Martineau Soc. Amer, I, 181 The driver declared that he
must wait for the day-spring, before he could proceed
another step. 1875 Scrivener Lect. Text N. Test. 4 The
thousand years and more which separated the Council of
Nice from the dayspring of the Reformation.
Lig, sew Also 3 -stern, 5 -sterne, -starne.
1. The morning star.
cx1o0o AEtrric Gen. xxxii. 26 Nu ged deg steorra up.
c1o00 Sax. Leechd. 111. 270 Seo sunne & se mona & zfen
steorra & deg steorra. a@xzgo [see Day-rim]. a@ 1300
E, E. Psalter cix. 3 Bifore dai-stern gat I pe. 14.. Lypc.
Teniple of Glas 1355 Fairest of sterres..o Venus..O my3ti
goddes, daister after ny3t. 1483 Cath. Angl. 89 A Day-
sterne, lucifer vel phosphoros. 1576 Fieminc Panofpl.
Efist. 39 Early in the morning, so soone as the day starre
appeared. 1845 R. W. Hamitton Pop. Educ. vii. (ed. 2)
157 Such men are as day-stars, breaking the night and
hastening the dawn,
2. The sun, as the orb of day. Aoet.
1598 Sytvester Du Bartas u.ii. Babylon 577 His Heav'n-
tuned harp, which shall resound While the bright day-star
rides his glorious Round. 1637 Mitton Lycidas 168 So
sinks the day-star in the ocean ed, And yet anon repairs
his drooping head, And tricks his beams. 1789 Worpsw.
Evening Walk 190 Sunk to a curve, the day-star lessens
= Gives one bright glance, and drops behind the hill.
1382 Wycuir 2 Pet. i. 19 Til the day bigynne for to 3iue
lizt, and the day sterre springe in 3oure hertis. c1460
Towneley Myst. 118 Haylle lytylle tyne mop [the infant
Jesus] Of oure crede thou art crop: I wold drynk on thy
cop, Lytylle day starne. z0 Dunpar Ballat of our
Lady 26 Haile, bricht, be sicht, in hevyn on hicht! Haile,
day sterne orientale! 1738 WesLtEy Hymns, ‘We lift our |
Hearts’ i, We lift our Hearts to Thee, O Day-Star from on
High! 1876 Bancrorr //ist. U.S. III. xiii. 466 The day-
star of the American Union. :
+ Day'-sun. Ods. The sun. rhetorical and jig.
1571 GotpinG Calvin on Ps. xlix. 15 The chosen .. shall
behold Christ the daysun. 1587 — De Mornay ix. 115
God..commaunded the daysunne to be, and it was don.
1577 Test. 12 Patriarchs (1604) 76 The day-sun of righteous-
ness.
Day’s-work (déz;wxik). (Also written as
two words.) The work of a day, work done on or
proper toaday. Also = Daywork 2 (obs.).
1594 SHaks. Rich. J], u.i. 1 Now haue I donea good daies
work, 1610 W. FoLkincHam Art of Survey 1. vil. 59 Foure
square Pearches make a Daiesworke, 10 Daie-workes
a Roode. 1640 G. H. Witt’s Recreations Hija, Your
dayes work’s done, each morning as you rise. ¢1836 Grn.
P. Tuomeson E£verc. (1842) IV. 395 Paying him for more
day’s-works. c1850 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 10 The log-
board, the contents of which are termed ‘the log’,—the
working it off, ‘the day’s work’.
Day-tale, daytal, datal (dét2il, dzitél,
détt’l). [f. Day + Taxx reckoning, etc. In sense 1
parallel to 2zghter-tale in Chaucer, etc., where the
sense ‘ reckoning’ appears to pass into that of ‘ the
time counted or reckoned’ (to night or to day).
There appears to be no direct connexion between
this and sense 2.]
+1. Day-time. A daye tale: by day. Obs.
1530 Patscr. 699/2 A ys tale he scoulketh in corners
and a nyghtes he gothe a thevyng.
2. The reckoning (of work, wages, etc.) by the
day. Chiefly attrzd., reckoned, paid, or engaged
by the day, as in day-tale hand, labour, wages,
work, etc.; day-tale man, a day-labourer; day-
tale pace, ‘a slow pace’ (Halliw.).
1560 Summ. Certain Reasons in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) I.
‘zs Men that tooke dayetall wages. 164x Best Kari. Bhs.
urtees) 45 It shall bee accounted but for halfe a day with
those that worke with yow by daytaile. 1761 SterNE 7.
Shandy (1770) III, 143 (D.) Holla! you chairman, here’s
sixpence; do step into that bookseller’s shop, and call me
a day-tall critick. 1770 Holmesfield Crt. Rolls in Shefield
Gloss. Addenda, Being daytall-man to Mathias Webster.
1788 W. Marsuatt Yorksh. Gloss. (E. D. S), Daitle (that)
(that is, day-tale), adj. by the day ; as, ‘ daitle-man’, a day-
labourer; ‘daitle-work ’, work done by the day. 1855
Rosinson Whitby Gloss., Daytal, tale or reckoning by the
day. 1888 W. Somerset Word-bk., Day-tale fellow, Day-
tale man, a labourer hired by the day. Hence a term of
reproach, meaning a lazy, slack workman whose only care
is to have his wages, and to do as little as he can to earn
them. i a Labour Commission Gloss., Datal hands,
loos employed in cotton-mills at a fixed rate per week of
56% hours.
ay-taler, dataller (déitélex). Joca/. [f.
prec. +-ER1.] A day-labourer, a workman en-
gaged and paid by the day.
1875 Lanc. Gloss., Dataller (S. Lanc.), Daytal-labourer
(Furness), a day labourer, 1881 Manch. Guardian 29 Jan.
7/7 Hurst, dataller at Wharton Hall Collieries, ~ 1886
Engineer 13 Aug. 138/1 The wages were paid to datallers
for packing and putting the roads in repair.
Day’-time. The time of daylight.
1535 CoverDALE Ps. xxifiJ. 2, I crie in the daye tyme ..
and in the night season, a@x626 Bacon Ess. Fame (Arb.)
579 In the day time she sittith in a Watch Tower, and
flyeth, most, by night. 1782 Priesttey Corrupt. Chr. 11.
vi. 18 Lights in the day-time were usual. NE Arct,
Lxpl. Il. ix. 95 Implying that I never sleep’o' daytimes.
ay-woman, dairy-woman: see Dry-.
Day-work, day-work. [Cf. also Daxc.]
+1. The work of a day; =Day’s work. Oés, or
north. dial.
1000 Cxdmon's Exod, 151 (Gr.) pat he pat degweorc
DAZE.
dreore zebohte. c1425 Wynroun Cron. vul. xvi. 224 Na
man. .evyr herd, or saw befor..A Daywerk to pat Daywerk
lyk. 1535 CoverDALE 1 Chron, xvii. [xvi.] 37 Euery daye
his dayeworke. 1832 Specimens Yorkshire Dialect, Monny
a daywark we ha’ wrought togither.
+2. The amount of land that could be worked
(ploughed, mown, etc.) ina day. Ods.
[e1270 Merton Coll. Rec. No. 1257 (Essex) Sex Day-
wercatas terrae meae.] 1318-19 A/S. (Sotheby's Sale
Catal. 7 Apr. (1892) 22), Grant from Richard de Twysdenne
..of a Garden of 13 Dayworks of Land in Gudhurst. 1492
Will of Reede (Somerset Ho.), xj day werkes of land. 1534
Inv, Sir L. Bagot in Lichfield Merc. (2689) 23 Aug. 8/1,
xxviij day-warke of pea... xij daye-warke of barley .. xxiii)
daye-warke of whet. 1641 Best Hari Bhs, (Surtees) 38 The
South Wandell close, with its bottomes, is 8 dayworkes, or
will serve one mower 8 dayes.
3. Work done by the day and paid by daily
wages ; day labour.
1580 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 950 With Masons that had
their day-work. 1702 Lond. Gaz. No. 3786/4 Committed
by one who does Day-work in Deptford and Woolwich
Yards. 1751 Lapetye West. Br.7g All the workmanship
. being suffered to be done by Day-Work. 1851 Ovid. 4
Regul. R. Engineers § 16. 64'To state the weekly delivery
of Materials and performance of Day-work.
+ Day’-writ. Os. =Day-Rue.
1809 Tomiins Law Dict. s.v., It is against law to grant
liberty to prisoners in execution by other writs than day
writs (or rules).
Daze (déiz), v. Forms: 4-6 dase, (5 dayse,
6-9 daise), 6- daze. [ME. dase-n, a. ON. *dasa,
found in Icel. in the refl. dasa-sk to become weary
and exhausted, e.g. from cold, Sw. dasa intr. to lie
idle ; cf. Icel. dasz a lazy fellow. Sense 3 was pos-
sibly the earliest in Eng. No cognate words appear
in the other Teutonic langs.]
I. trans. 1. To prostrate the mental faculties of
(a person), as by a blow on the head, a violent
shock, weariness, intoxicating drink, etc.; to be-
numb or confuse the senses; to stun, stupefy.
¢1325 [see Dazep 1]. a@ 1400-50 Alexander 3997 He was
dased of be dint & half dede him semyd. ¢ 1400 Des¢r.
Troy 7654 The deire of his dynt dasit hym but litle. a1563
Bate Sed. Wks. (Parker Soc.) 443 These things daseth their
wits, and amazeth their minds. ‘1590 Spenser /. Q. 11. vii.
7 But shewd by outward signes that dread her sence did
daze. 1669 DrypeN Tyrannic Love 1. ii, Poor human
kind, all dazed in open day, Err after bliss, and blindly
miss their way. 1825 Jamieson s.v., He daises himself
with drink. 1848 Mrs. Gasxett AZ. Barton xxiii, Jane
Wilton was (to use her own word, so expressive to a Lanca-
shire ear) ‘dazed’. 1877 Mrs. Ovipnanr Makers Hor. i.
26 A man dazed and bewildered by such a calamity.
2. esp. To confound or bewilder (the vision)
with excess of light or brilliance; to dazzle. Z7/.
and fig.
@1529 SKELTON Ph, Sfarowe 1103 She made me sore
amased Vpon her when I gased..My eyne were so dased.
1570 B. Gooce Pop. Kingd. 1. (1880) 11 They are but
trumprye and deceytes, to daze the foolish eies. 1631 Hey-
woop Fair Maid of West u. 1. Wks. 1874 II. 352 To daze
all eyes that shall behold her state. 1847 Tennyson Princ.
v.1r The sudden light Dazed me half-blind. 1864 SkEA1
Uhiand’s Poents 152 Shall earthly splendour that strong
eyesight daze?
3. To benumb with cold; to blight or destroy
with cold. orth. Eng. and Sc.
1340 Hamrote Pr. Consc. 6647 For-pi pat pai..Brynned
ay here in pe calde of malice, And ay was dased in charité.
1513 Douctas xce7s vu. Prol. 88 The callour air .. Dasing
the blude in euery creature. 1696 AZoney mastersall Things
Ixx. 52 They [birds] stay not too long off, lest th’ Eggs be
daz'd. 1876 Mid-Yorkshire Gloss., Déaze, to blight, or
cause to pine from cold, as when vegetables are frost-nipped,
or chickens die in the shell for want of warmth. 1891
Atkinson Moorland 336 He assumed that it [a water rail]
was dazed with cold.
II. intr. +4. To be or become stupefied or
bewildered ; to be benumbed with cold; to remain
inactive or torpid. Odés.
c1325 Z. £. Allit. P. C. 383 per he [the king of Nineveh]
dased in pat duste, with droppande teres. c1460 7owneley
Myst. 28, I dase and I dedir For ferd of that taylle. 14..
Kyng & Hermit 418 in Hazl. Z. P. P. 1. 29 Hopys thou,
I wold for a mase Stond in the myre there, and dase Nye
hand halve a dey? 1483 Cath, Angi. 90 To Dayse (A.
Dase), vdi to be callde. 1529 More Sufflic. Soulys Wks.
33/2 Whan his head first began to dase, of that evill
rynke.
+5. Of the eyes or vision: To be or become
dazzled. Ods.
c 1386 [see Daswen]. 1 More Dyaloge wv. Wks. 252/1
whet law if it were aed in their ight: wold make al
theyr eyen dase. 1635 QuarLes Amd. 1. i. (1718) 125
Whose more than Eagle-eyes Can..gaze On glitt’ring beams
of honour, and not daze. i :
+b. To gaze stupidly or with bewildered vision
(after, upon). Obs.
1523 Sketton Gari. Laurel 641, I saw dyvers..Dasyng
after dottrellis. 1535 CoverpaLe Deut. xxviii. 32 Thine
_eyes shal dase vpon them all the daye longe.
6. Of bread or meat: To become Dazep (sense
3). Now Local.
1769 Mrs. Rarratp Eng. Housekpr. (1778) 54 Observe
always to have a brisk clear fire, it will prevent your meat
from dazing. 3
7. ‘To wither; to become rotten or spoiled,
from keeping, dampness, etc.’ (Jamieson), Sc. and
north. Eng. :
de
DAZE.
Daze (diz), sb. [f. Daze v.]
1. A dazed condition: a. of the mental facul-
ties ; b. A benumbed, deadened condition ; loss of
virtue or freshness (orth. dial.).
1825 Jamieson, 70 get a daise, to receive such injury as to
become rotten or spoiled, applied to clothes, wood, etc.
1855 Mrs. Gasket. North § S. xix, I'm all in a swound-
ing daze today. 1870 Dickens EZ. Drood ii, A little time
and a little water brought him out of his daze.
2. Min. An old name for mica (from its glitter).
1671 Phil. Trans, VI. 2103 Daze is a kind of glittering
stone. .some softer, some harder, of different colours. 1715
Tuoressy Leeds 467 A brown daze, full of the small sparks
of the Mica. 1753 Cuampers Cycl. Supp., The word Daze
takes in, with them [miners] every stone that is hard and
littering. 1788 Cronstedt's Min. 106 Glimmer, Daze, or
list.
Dazed (déizd), gp/.a. [f. Dazev.+-ED. Cf.
ON. dasad exhausted.]
1. Benumbed in the mental faculties ; stupefied,
bewildered.
c1325 E. E. Allit. P. A. 1084, I stod as stylle as dased
quayle. c1425 Wyntoun Cron. vi. iv. 56 He wes ban In
hys Deyd bot a dasyd man. c1440 Promp. Parv. 114
Dasyd, or be-dasyd, vertiginosus. 1501 Douctas Pal. Hon.
1. xxvi, My daisit heid fordullit disselie. 1587 Turberv.
Trag. T., etc. (1837) 317_It wil — my dazed sprites.
1789 Burns 2nd Ep. to Davie iv, Whyles daez’t wi’ love,
whyles daez’t wi’ drink. 1866 G. Macponatp Ann. Q.
Neighd. xxii. (1878) 408 She looked dazed, perhaps from the
effects of her fall. —
b. Dazzled with excess of light.
1581 Marseck Bk. of Notes 153 If for a while you fixe
your sight thereon, dimnesse & darknesse doe follow your
dazed eies. 3502 Spenser /. Q. 1. viii. 21 As where th’
Almighties lightning brond does light, It dimmes the dazed
eyen. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. 1. u. 512 His troubled
eyes and dazed He lifted from the glory of that gold.
2. Benumbed or deadened with cold. north.
1513 DoucLas A2neis v. vii. 58 The dasyt bluid .. Walxis
dolf and dull throw myne unweildyage. 1674 Ray WN. C.
Words 14 I’ze dazed, I am very Ric 1811 WiLLan W.
Riding Gloss., Dazed..benumbed with frost. 1873 Swade-
dale Gloss., Dazzed, chilled.
8. Spoiled in baking or roasting, by using a too
strong or too slow heat. north. dial.
1674 Ray N. C. Words, Dazed Bread, dough-baked.
Dazed Meat, ill-roasted by reason of the badness of the
fire. 1855 Rosinson IVhitby Gloss., A deazed loaf, the
dough or te ill baked, or when the leaven or yeast has
failed in its work. 1876 Mid-Yorkshire Gloss., Déazed
— is overbaked outwardly, and not enough baked
within,
4. Applied to anything that has lost its freshness
and strength, as to wood when it loses its proper
colour and texture. Sc. and north. Eng.
1825 JAMIESON, Daised wud, rotten wood. 1892 Specifica-
tion (Durham), No dazed wood to be used.
Dazedly (déi-zédli), adv. [-ty2.] Ina dazed
way or manner; ‘+ inertly, torpidly (as from cold).
13.. [see Dazepness]. 1886 Miss BrouGuton Dr. Cupid
IIT. iv. 90 An idea dazedly flashes across her brain, 1888
Chamb. Frnl. July 462 They looked dazedly at the judge.
Da‘zedness. [-Nrss.] Dazed condition; +the
state of being numbed or deadened with cold.
1340 Hampote Pr. Consc. 4906 Thurgh fire pat sal swa
brinnand be, Agayn be dasednes [4/S. Lausd. coldnes] of
charite. 13.. 47S. 77. E. vii. fol. 24 Dasednes of hert als
clerkes pruves Es when a man god dasedly loves, And
slawly his luf in god settes. 1817 Blackw. Mag. l. 577
What Dan [Chaucer] calls the dasedness of study.
Dazel, -ell, -ile, obs. forms of DAzzix.
Dazement (déi:zmént). vare. [mod, f. Daze
v.+-MENT.] The state of being dazed.
1855 Ropinson Whitby Gloss., Deeazement, a sensation of
cold all over the body from checked perspiration. 1873 L.
Wattace Fair God vu. iv. 457 The king relapsed into his
dazement.
Dazie} dazied, obs. forms of Datsy, -IED.
+ Da‘ziness. Ols. rare—'. [See Dazy a. and
-NESS.] Dazedness, dizziness.
1554 Knox Godly Let. D iij, Oftentymes theyr posteritie
are stryken with blindenes and dasynes of mynde.
Dazing (dé'-zin), vd/. sb. [-1NG1.] The action
of the verb Daze; benumbing, stupefaction, as a
condition or influence.
a siag Mons De quat. Noviss. Wks. 101 When the dasyng
of death, shall kepe al swete slepe oute of their waterye eyes.
1535 CoverDALe Deut, xxviii. 65 The Lorde shal geue the
there a fearfull hert and dasynge of eyes. 1577 B. Goocr
Heresbach's Husb. w. (2586) x9 It helpet inst the
dasing, or giddinesse of the heade. | x olderness Gloss.,
Deeasins, a severe cold, especially in the head.
+b. A disease of sheep; =Dazy sb. Obs.
1799 Ess. Hight. Soc. III. 404 (Jam.) Daising or Vanquish.
This disease. .is..most severe upon young sheep.
; oh ged ppl.a- [-1nG2.] That dazes; +that
is :
er . E. Allit. P. B. 1538 Such a dasande drede dusched
to his hert. 1531 Friru Yudgment upon Tracy Pref. (1829)
245 de agg a godly zeal, or of a dasing brain, let other
men judge,
Dazle, obs. form of Dazzux.
Dazy (dézi), a. rare. [f. Daze v. or sb. +-¥.]
a. In a dazed condition. b. Chill, chilling, be-
numbing with cold (d/a/.).
x805 J AMIESON S. v., A daisie day, a cold raw day, without
su e. 1880 BLackMore Evema vi. 30 With..a head
still weak and dazy. :
54
+ Da‘zy, sb. Obs. rare—'. [f. Daze v. or from
prec. adj.] The ‘gid’ or ‘sturdy’, a disease of
sheep young cattle.
1 B. Gooce Heresbach's Hush. (1586) 134 If your
Bi e turne round, and have the Dasye, you shal. .feele
upon his forehead; and you shall feele it with your
thumbe.
Dazzle (de-z'l), v. Forms: 5-7 dasel(l, 6
dasill, -yll, dazile, dassel(1, 6-7 dazel(1, dasle,
6-8 dazle, (7 daisle), 6- dazzle. [In 15-16th c.
dasel, dasle, freq. and dim. of dase, DAzE v. (esp. in
sense 2).]
+1. intr. Of the eyes: To lose the faculty of dis-
tinct and steady vision, esf. from gazing at too bright
light. (Zt. and fig.) Obs.
1481 Caxton Keynard (Arb.) 96 Parauenture his eyen
daselyd as he loked from aboue doun. 1530 Patscr. 507/1,
I dasyll, as ones eyes do for lokyng agaynst the sonne or
for eyeng any thyng to moche, etc. 1581 G. Petrie tr.
Guazzo’s Civ. Conv. i. (1586) 156 b, Her eyes dazell with
the least beame thereof [the Sunne]. 1588 Suaxs. 77t. A.
ul. ii, 85. 162x Fretcuer Pilgrim v. vi, Ped, Ha? doe I
dazell?” Rod. Tis the faire Alinda. 1672 MXnvet Reh.
Transp. \. 64 His Eyes dazled at the Precipice of his
Stature.
+2. To be or become mentally confused or stupe-
fied; to become dizzy. Ods.
1571 GotpinG Calvin on Ps. xxxiii. 5 How shamefully the
most part of the world dazeleth at Gods righteousnesse.
1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. ii. 1, ii, (1651) 95 Many...
tremble at such sights, dazel, and are sick, if they look but
down from an high place. ;
3. trans. To overpower, confuse, or dim (the
vision), esf. with excess of brightness. (Also fig.)
1536 Starkey Let. to Cromwellin England (1878) p. xliii,
Wyth a clere ye [=eye] not dasyllyd wyth the glyteryn of
such thyngys asare present, 1563 Mirr. Mag., Fane Shore
xiii, Doth not the sonne dasill the clearest eyes? 1626 Bacon
Sylva § 276 If you come..out of the Dark into a Glaring
Light, the eye is dazeled for atime. @1640 J. Batt Answ.
to Can i. (1642) 88 You doe only raise a_dust to daisle the
eye. 1761 Hume Hist. Eng. 11. xxviii. 135 He tried to
dazzle the eyes of the populace by the splendour of his
equipage. 1857 Mrs. Cartyce Let? II. 334 The gas-light,
whee dazzles my eyes.
absol. 1752 Jouxson Rambler No. 207 ? 12 Light after
a time ceases to dazzle.
4. fig. To overpower or confound (the mental
faculties), esp. with brilliant or showy qualities ;
“to strike or surprise with splendour’ (J.).
1 'T. Norton Calvin's Inst. 1. xiv. 43 The excellence of
the nature of Angels hath so daselled the mindes of a
1622 E. Ecton Compl. Sanct. Sinner (ed. 2) 94 ‘Their vnruly
passions .. dazeling and dimming their iudg S. 1643
J. M. Soveraigne Salve Pref., Rhetorick may dazle oad le
men. 1711 Appison Sfect. No, 112 ?8 The ordinary People;
who are so used to be dazzled with Riches. 1880 L. Srernen
Pope iv. 97 Pope seems to have been dazzled by the amazing
vivacity of the man.
b. absol.
1649 Mitton Eikon. xii. (1851) 434 If the whole Irishry of
Rebels had feed some advocate to speak. os in
their defence, he could have hardly dazl'd better. =
GotpsM. 7'rav. 336 Thine are those charms that dazzle an
endear. 1879 M. Arno.p Fr. Critic on Milton Mixed Ess.
238 A style to dazzle, to gain admirers everywhere.
5. To outshine, dim, or eclipse with a brighter
light. Const. + down, out. rare.
1643 Burroucnes £.xf. Hosea v. (1652) 343 They can see
..into the beauty of his wayes, so that it dazeleth all the
glory of the world in their eies. 1647 Warp Simp. Cobler
60 It hath not ray's enough left, to dazle downe the height
of my affections. 1858 Hawtnorne Jr. § Jt. Fruls. (1872)
I. 47 This church was dazzled out of sight by the Cat!
Dazzle (de‘z’'l), sb. [f. prec.]
+1. Dazzled state or condition. Ods.
162! Fettuam Resolves 1. xxvii. 47 We meet with
carne Boas the puzzle of the soul, ‘and the dazle of the
minds dim eyes.
2. An act of dazzling; a brightness or glitter that
dazzles the vision. 7
16st N. Bacon Disc. Govt. 1. x1. (1739) 177 This was but
a dazzle, an Eclipse ensues. 1751 Pattock P. Wilkins
a I. xiv. 144, I could see the lake very well by the
of the water, 182x Locknart Valerius I. iv. 46
Fatigued with the uniform flash and dazzle of the Medi-
terranean waves. 1890 Spectator 13 Sept., One is taking
precautions to avoid a draught or a dazzle.
1654 » Toe Zootomia a Through whose red and
white..the Glory of the Maker shineth with more Dazle
than through any part of the Creation. 1846 Ruskin Mod.
Paint. 1. 1.1. i. §5 Amidst the tumult and the dazzle of
their busy life.
Dazzled (dex'z’ld), Af/. a. ay: Dazz1E v.]
1. Overpowered or confounded by too strong light
or splendour,
1581 J. Beit Haddon's Answ. Osor. 499 So forcible is the
dazeled blindenes of selfe Love. a1628 F. Grevitte Sidney
(1652) 89 [He] cleareth the daseled eyes of that army.
ay — Poems, Hum. nbn 4 xvi, Those
notions.. Which our fraile understanding doth retaine. 1812
Worpsw. Sonn. ‘ Here pause, etc.', An accursed thing it is
to On rous t ts with a dazzled eye, 1856 R.
A. VAUGHAN Mystics (1860) IL. 1x. ii. 131 This indistinct
and dazzled apprehension. °
2. Outshone or dimmed by a stro light.
1576 Fremine 7% |. Epist. 292 As the telght aoe of
the Sunne passe the dimme and dazeled light of the Moone.
1833 Tennyson Fatima iv, My spirit. . Faints like a dazzled
morning moon.
DE.
Dazzlement (dz'z’Imént). [-men7.]
Sy ge a cause of dazzling.
i . Done Hist. Septuagint 55 (T.) It beat the
sight with a oF beating iby Carte Fr. Rev. t. u. vi,
darkness, broken bewildering dazzlements.
1881 Srevenson Virg. Puerisgue 289 Many holes, drilled in
the conical turret-roof of this vagabond Pharos, let up spouts
of dazzlement into the bearer’s eyes.
2. The fact or condition of peng dazzled.
1840 CaRLyLe Heroes v. (4858) 324 The blinkard dazzle-
ment and s\ ings to and fro of a man sent on an errand
he is too weak for.
. Obs. rare—".
zledness.] Dazzled condition.
1581 J. Bett Haddon's Ausw. Osor. 315 Overwhelmed
with a perpetuall dazellnes of sight.
Dazzler (dezlaz). [-rn.]
1, One who dazzles: said e.g. of a ‘showy’
woman. Chiefly s/ang or collog.
a 1800 Cowper tr. Andreini’s Adam v. ix. Wks. 1837 X.
383 Thou Lordi ble. . Thou dazzler and obscurer of the
sun! 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick. xxxvi, Mr. Lumbeyshook his
head with great solemnity, as aoe to imply that he sup-
posed she must have been rather a + 1889 Columbus
(Ohio) Dispatch 27 Sept., [He] appears to be one of these
dazzl H ded in dazzling two of the jury.
v's Mag.
[app. for daz-
e
2. A dazzling blow. s/ang.
1883 Reape Many a Slip in Ha Dec. 132/1
The carter..received a dazzler with the left, followed 1 by
a heavy right-hander.
Dazzling, v/.sb. [-1NG1.] The action of the
verb DazzLeE ; the condition of being dazzled.
1579 Lancuam Gard. Health (1633) 672 To take away all
giddinesse and dasling of the head. 1581 Petrie Guazzo's
Civ. Conv. 11. (1586) 95 If your eies bee able to beholde it
without dazeling: lin), ppl [ 24
Dazzling (dezlin), A/a. [-1NG 2.
+1. That is, or becomes, dazzled or dazed.
(See Dazz.E v. 1, 2.) Obs.
1571 Gopinc Calvin on Ps. \xviii. 4 His hoarce throt and
dazeling eyes. a1g92 Greene A /phonsus (1861) 227 Do my
dazzling eyes Deceive me? 1641 Mitton Reform. u. (1851)
67 Unlesse God have smitten us..with a dazling giddinesse
at noon day. 1654 H. L’Estrance Chas. J (1655) 3 This
unexpected proposall put his Catholique majesty into such
a dazling demur.
2. That dazzles the eyes (esf. with brightness) ;
bright to a degree that dazzles.
1581 J. Bett Haddon's Answ. Osor. 216 b, Drivyng away
the dazelyng darkenes of the ugly night. 1667 Mitton
P. L.1. 564 A horrid Front Of dreadful length and dazling
Arms. 1791 Cowrer Odyss. xxtv. 246 Clad in dazzling
brass. 1841 Borrow Zincali I. ix. 1. 155 In hot countries,
where the sun and moon are particniealy dazzling.
3. fig. That dazzles the mind of the observer ;
brilliant or splendid to a degree that dazzles.
1749 Smottett Regicide 1. i, The fair one comes, In all the
pride of dazzling charms array'd. 1839 De Quincey Recoll.
Lakes Wks. 1862 11. 113 A neighbour! so dazzling in its
intellectual pretensions.
4. quasi-adv.
1696 Tate & Brapy Ps. cxxxix. 6 Too dazling bright for
mortal Eye! 1860 Tynpatt Glac.1. ii. 13 Its general surface
was dazzling white.
ly (devzlinli), adv. [-1¥*.]
+1. Ina dazzled manner. (See prec. 1.) Ods.
1610 Mirr. Mag., K. Bladud 56 [They] blinded are, and
dazelingly they looke.
2. Ina dazzling manner ; to a degree that dazzles.
ax71x Ken Hymnotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 Ill, 322 His
Scales the Sun-beams dazzlingly reflect. 1807 THEY
Espriella’'s Lett. 111. 99 Nothing was to be seen but what
was ectly and dazzlingly white. 1879 Froupe Cesar x.
118 ert success Bas dazzlingly rapid.
De, obs. Sc. form of Dix v.
De, a dialectal (Kentish), foreign, or infantile
representation of THE.
Sometimes in early MSS. a scribal error for de=he.
| De. I. (dz) A Latin preposition, meaning
‘down from, from, off, concerning’, occu’ in
some Latin — more or less used in English.
The chief of these are the following :
1. de bene esse (Zaw), as of ‘well-being’, as
being good, of conditional allowance for the
resent,
*To take or do any thing De dene esse, is to accept or allow
it, as well done for present,. -but [on fuller examination] to
Jlowed or disal! d, ding to the Merit or Well-
being of the thing in its own nature’ (Blount, Law Dict.
1670).
Egerton Papers (Camden) 372 (Stanf,) Wherefore, de
Phas Ihave ert soaalty pal be a warrant redy for his
Matye* si re. 1656 Biount Glossogr. s.v., The Court
ot re cepealtin : is aoe aaaen at the
tions are to 10" or
hearing, as the Judge shall see cause. 1885 Law Rep.
Ch. Div. 290 (Stanf.) The Court ultimately determined
that it should be read de bene esse.
2, de congruo, of ConGRuIry.
W. Pema.e tif (x When tell vs,
that fat merits pa yt they imap them-
selues in contradiction ; seeing to deserve de
is not to deserve at all. 1841, [see Concrurty 5
3. de facto, in fact, in reality, in actual existence,
force, or possession, as a matter of fact. Very
frequently opposed to de jure, Used also as an
adj. =‘ actual, actually existing’, and then some-
times so far engiicised as to be ed to its sb.
x602 W. WATSON Quodlibets 73 (Stanf,) That the Pope
DE.
erred de facto in the reconciliation of the French King.
1638 CuiLiincw. Relig. Prot. 1. ili. $30 He may doe it de
facto, but de inure he cannot, 1691 Norris Pract. Disc. 29
Tt will appear, that de facto it is so, 1696 Growth Deism 12
‘The Shiboleth of the Church now is King William’s de facto
Title. 1765 Brackstone Comet. 1. ye That temporary
allegiance, which was due to him as king de facto. 1870
{see de jure, below]. 1891 Law Rep. Weekly Notes 70/t
The acts of the de facto directors might. .bind the company.
Hence + Defa‘cto-man (also defacto sd.), one
who recognized William III as king de facto.
+ Defa:ctoship, a de facto standing, position, or
title.
1696 Growth Deism 15 For these de facto-men, and the
Jacobites, were but lately the same sort of People. did.
13 And when the King had better Titles .. yet he must be
made to pay .. Dr. S—— Sixteen Hundred Pounds a Year,
for a Defactoshi~ only. 1710 Managers’ Pro & Con 39
The one allows the Defactoship of the Queen.
4, de fide, of faith, to be held as an article of
faith.
1638 Cuitiincw. Relig. Prot.t. iii. § 5 Some [hold] that
the Popes indirect Power over Princes in Temporalities is
de Fide; Others the contrary.
5. de jure, of right, by right, according to law.
Nearly always opposed to de facto ; like that also
(though less usually), treated as an adj.=‘legal’,
and placed before the sb.
61x Court §& Times Fas. I (1848) I. 136 (Stanf.) Done de
Jacto, and not de jure. 1638 [see de facto above]. 1694
Poet Buffoon'd, etc. 7 (Stanf.) Husband or Gallant, either
way, De facto or De jure sway. 1837 Hr. Martineau
Soc. Amer. II. 81 States that are de facto independent,
without having anything to do with the question de jure.
1870 LoweLt Study Wind, (1886) 74 It is a de sure, and
not a de facto property that we have in it.
6. de novo, anew, afresh, over again from the
beginning. Rarely as adj.=‘new, fresh’, and
prefixed to sb.
1627 Court § Times Chas. I (1848) I. 304 (Stanf.) It is
said they have opened de zovo Calais to our English trade.
1817 Peri in Edin. Rev. XXX. 121 We cannot make a
constitution de novo. 1847-9 Topp Cycl. Anat. IV. 143/2
A de novo development of such texture, 1881 Med. Temp.
Frnl. XLIX. 18 In which it is developed by circumstances
de novo.
7. de profundis, the first words of the Latin
version of Psalm cxxx (cxxix) =‘ Out of the depths
(have I cried)’; hence subst. a. the name of this
psalm ; b. a psalm of penitence; c. a cry from
the depths of sorrow, misery, or degradation.
1463 Bury Wills (Camden) 18 Saying De profundis for
me, for my fader and my moder. 1500-20 Kennepir Flyfing
w, Dunbar 7 With De fprofundis fend the, and that
failye. 1589 NasHE Pref. Greene's Menaphon (Arb.) 17 Let
subiects for all their insolence, dedicate a De profundis
euerie morning to the preseruation of their Cesar. 1890
Open Court 10 Apr. 2204/2 (Stanf.) The Labor cry, the new
De Profundis, the passionate psalm of the workers appeal-
ing out of the depths of misery and degradation for more
wages and less hours of daily toil.
II. The French preposition de, @’ (da, anglicized
dz, d#, dé, do), meaning ‘of, from’, occurring
in names of places, as Ashby de la Zouch, in terri-
torial titles, as Harl Grey de Welton, Lord Talbot de
Malahide, avd in personal surnames, as De Lisle,
D'Israeli, De Quincey; also, in French phrases
more or less in English use, as cowp d’état, coup
de main, etc. (see Coup); de haut en bas, from
height to lowness, condescendingly as from a lofty
position, with an air of affected superiority; de
nouveau, anew, afresh; de rigueur, of strictness,
(a matter) strictly or rigorously obligatory, according
to strict etiquette ; de ¢rop, too much, (one) too
many, in the way.
1697 VANBRUGH Re/afse 1. ii, Not if you treat him de haut
en bas, as you use todo. 1752 Cuesterr, Left. (1792) ILI.
274, I know no company in which you are likely to be de
trop. 1775 Giezon in Life §& Lett. (1869) 237 (Stanf.) The
first chapter has been composed de xonxveax three times.
1848 THackeray Van. Fair vi, ‘IT should only be de zrop’,
said the Captain. 1849 — Pendennis xxix, All the young
men go to Spratt’s after their balls. It is de rigueur, my
dear. 1887 ///ust. Lond. News 5 Mar. 269/3, I am decidedly
de trop this morning. JZod, On such occasions evening
dress is de rigueur.
De-, prefix. The Latin adverb and preposition,
used in combination with verbs, and their deriva-
tives. A large number of verbs so formed lived on
in French as popular words, or were taken over
into that language in earlier or later times as
learned words, and thence came into English, as
décrésc-tre, décreis-tre, decrease ; défend-tre, défend-
re; defend 3 désidertre, désire-r, desire. In later
times English verbs, with their derivative adjec-
tives and substantives, as also participial adjectives
and substantives without any verbs, have been
adapted directly from Latin, or formed from Latin
elements, without the intervention of French, The
following are the chief uses in Lat. and Eng.
I. As an etymological element. In the senses :
1. Down, down from, down to: as défendére to hang
down, Drrenp (DEPENDENT, -ENCE, etc.); dépdnére to lay
down, Drrone, Derose; déprimére to press down, Dr-
PRESS; déscendére to climb down, Descenp: dévorire to
gulp down, Devour. So of English formation, Desreak.
55
2, Off, away, aside: as déclindre to turn aside, DECLINE ;
dédiicére to \ead away, Devuce; défendére to ward off,
DeFrEnD; défortdre to carry off, Deport; désigndre to
mark off, Desicnate ; désistére to stand off, Desist.
b. Away from oneself : as dé/égdre to make over, DELE-
GATE; déprecari to pray away, DrPRECATE.
3. Down to the bottom, completely; hence thoroughly,
onand on, away ; also methodically, formally : as déclamare
to shout away, Dectaim; déclarare to make quite clear,
Decrare 3 déniidare to strip i bare, DENUDE; déplorare
to weep as lost, DEPLORE 3 érelinguére to abandon com-
pletely, Dereticr ; désfoliére to spoil utterly, Despoi. |
b. To exhaustion, to the dregs: as décoguére to boil
down or away, Decocr; déliguéscére to melt away,
DELIQUESCE. i
4. In a bad sense, so as to put down or subject to some
indignity: as décifére to take in, Decrive; délitdéve to
make game of, DeLupe; déridére to laugh to scorn,
Derwe; détestdri to abominate, DeteEst.
5. In late L., décompositus was used by the grammarians
in the sense ‘ formed or derived from a compound (word) ’,
passing later into that of ‘compounded over again, doubly
or further compounded’; in this sense the word has in
modern times been taken into chemistry, botany, etc. (see
Decomposite, Decompounp), and the prefix has been
similarly used in other words, as DecompLEx, DemIxTuRE.
6. In Latin, d- had also the function of undoing or
reversing the action of a verb, e.g. armdre to arm, de-
armare to disarm, decorare to grace, dédecorare to disgrace,
Jungére to join, déjungére to unyoke, vélare to veil, dé-
velare to unveil, and of forming verbs of similar type from
substantives, as deartudre to dismember, from avtus mem-
ber, joint, décod/are to behead, from cod/um neck, décorticare
to deprive of bark, from corticem bark, dé/lorare to rob of
its flowers, from florem flower. A like notion was usually
expressed in classical Latin by the prefix dis-; e.g. cingére
to gird, discingére to ungird, convenire to agree, disconvenire
to disagree, jungére to join, disjungére to disjoin, diffibulare
to unclasp, di/évicare to uncorslet, discadceatus unshod. In
late L., dés-, Romanic des-, became the favoured form; and
although some L. words in d@- lived on, or were by scholars
adopted into the Romanic langs., all new compounds were
formed with des-, and many even of the Latin words in dé-
were refashioned in Romanic with des-: thus L. dearmare,
décarnare, décolirare, décorticare, dédignari, déformare,
*décapitare, Romanic desarmare, descarnare, descorticare,
desdegnare, de- and des-formare, de-, des-capitare, OF, des-
armer, descharner, descorchier, desdaigner, de- and des-
JSormer, de-, descapiter. In later F. des- became, first in
speech, and finally in writing, dé, in which form it was
identical with the dé of learned words from L. @-. In
English, early words taken from OF, with des- retained this
form (now altered back under Latin influence to @zs-), as in
disarm, disband, disburse, discolour, disdain, disfrock, dis-
join, disrobe; but later words have de-, which, although
coming from F, dé-:—OF. des- :—L. dis-, is usually viewed
and treated as identical with Latin dé-; e.g. debauch, te-
bord, defy, defile, depeople, derange, develop. In some words
both forms have passed into English, as dsburse, t deburse,
discard, + decard, disconcert, + deconcert, disfrock, defrock.
In French the prefix des-, dé-, has received an ever increasing
extension as a privative, freely prefixed to verbs, as in
débarasser, débrutaliser, décentraliser, déconstiper, etc., or
used to form verbs of the same type from nouns, as ¢é-
bangquer, débonder, déchaperonner, défroguer, etc. From
the free adoption of these into English, de- has here also
become a living privative element, freely prefixed to verbs
(esp. in -zze, -ate, -/y), and forming verbs of a similar type
from substantives or adjectives. Hence:
II. As a living prefix, with privative force.
1. Forming compound verbs (with their derivative
sbs., adjs., etc.), having the sense of undoing the
action of the simple verb, or of depriving (anything)
of the thing or character therein expressed, e. g. de-
acidify to undo or reverse the acidifying process,
to take away the acid character, deprive (a thing)
of its acid; hence de-acidified, fying, -fication ;
de-anglicize to undo the anglicizing of, to divest of
its English character, render no longer English.
Some of these are formed by prefixing de- to the
original verb, but others are more logically analysed
as formed with de-+sb, or adj.+verbal suffix, the
resulting form being the same in either case. In
others, again, no corresponding simple verb is in
use: €.2. decephalize, decerebrize, decolourize, de-
Jibrinate. The older and more important of these
words are given in their places as main words;
e.g. DECHRISTIANIZE, DECOMPOSE, DEMAGNETIZE,
DEMORALIZE, etc. Of others of less importance,
of reggnt use, and of obvious meaning, examples,
nearly all of the rgth c. (but decanonzze 1624, de-
cardinalize 1645), here follow.
(The hyphen is conveniently used when the de- comes
before a vowel, and sometimes elsewhere to emphasize the
occasional nature of the combination, or draw special
attention to its composition ; otherwise it is not required.)
De-act-dify (fied, fication), de-a'erate(-ed,-ation),
de-a'lcoholize (-ed, -ization, -ist), de-a'lhalize (-ed),
de-amvericanize, de-ana'thematize, de-a'nglicize
(-ed), de-appetize (-ing), de-arse'nicize (-ing),
de-a'spirate (-ing, -ation, -ator), debitu'menize
(-ation), debrurtalize, debu'nnionizer, dece'sarize,
deca'lvinize, deca‘nonize (-ation), deca‘mphorize,
deca'rdinalize, deca'sualize (-ation), decathe dralize,
dece'lticize, deche'micalize (-ation), decho-ralize,
dect'ceronize, dect'tizenize, decla'ssicize, decla'ssify,
decle'ricalize (-ation), decli*matize, deconca'tenate,
deco'ncentrate (-ation), deconventionalize, deco'p-
perize (-tzation), decu'ltivate, dedo-ggerelize, dedo-g-
matize (-ed), de-educate, de-electrify, de-electrize
DE-.
(ation), defeu'dalize, defle.xionize (-ed, -ation),
deformalize, defortify, deganglionate (-ed), de-
generalize, degentilize (-ing), degermanize, de-
heathenize, dehellenize (-ation), dehisto-rictze,
de-tdealize (-ed, -ing, etc.), de-indivi-dualize
(-ation), de-indivi-duate, de-indu'strialize, de-t'n-
sularize, de-i'ntegrate, de-intelle ctualize (-ed, -ing),
de-tta'lianize, deja nsenize, dejunkerize, dela'tinize
(-ed, -ation), deli-beralize, deli:mitize, delo-calize,
dema‘rtialize, deme-ntholize (-ed), deme'tallize,
deme'tricize, dena'rcotize, denu‘cleate (-ed), de-o'7v-
ganize (-ation), de-orte'ntalize, de-o'ssify (~fication),
de-o'zonize (-ation), depa‘ganize, depantheonize (to
put out of the pantheon), deparrtizanize, dephilo--
sophize, dephy'sicalize (to do away with physical
development; -atéon), depierdmontize, depoli-ti-
calize, depréorize (deprive of priority), deprofe's-
stonalize, depro'testantize, deprovi'ncialize, dera‘b-
binize (-ation), dereli-gionize (-ing), derwralize,
desa'xonize, desemtticize, desentime ntalize (-e¢),
deske'letonize (to rid of its skeleton), deso-cialize
(-ation), desuperna'turalize, detara‘ntulize (-ation),
detheorize (to divest of theories), devola‘tilize.
1786 Phil. Trans. UXXVI. 134 *Deacidified nitrous air.
1791 Edin. New Disp. 65 Calling them aerated and *de-
aerated. 1878 Ure Dict. Arts (ed. 8) 1V. 240 A flask. . filled
up with hot de-aerated water. 1830 West. Rev. XII. 38
‘The dirt and the stagnation, and the de-aeration of the
water. 1866 Pall Mall G. 21 Sept. 11 Like blank cartridge
or *dealcoholized wine. 1873 M. Cotiins Sgr. Silchester’s
III. xxi. 236 It is a capital dealcoholist. 1877 Roberts
Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) 1.74 The substance consists of *de-
alkalized fibrin. 1884 TENNyson Becket v. ii. 176 Can the
King *de-anathematise this York? 1883 F. Hatt in NV. 3%
Nation XXXVII. 435/1 “Deanglicized Englishmen. 1890
Sat. Rev. 15 Feb. 201/1 He even thinks we must de-anglicize
our language. 1888 Academy 28 Jan. 56 A *de-appetising
feast of dry bones. 1876 F. Douse Grimm’s L. App. F. 210
‘They both *deaspirated the initial. /é¢d@. § 12. 24 Similar
deaspirating movements both in Greek and Sanskrit. /d¢d.
$ 22. 47, Lhave frequently observed..that when a group of
deaspirators are talking together, an / is rarely heard at all.
1879 WHITNEY Sanskrit Gram. Index 478/2 Deaspiration of
aspirate mutes. 1862 Dana Jan. Geol. u. 410 The *de-
bitumenization of the coal. 1891 Chicago Advance 30 Apr.,
Not merely to *‘ debrutalize’ the police force, but to purify
and ennoble it. 1872 Dasenr 7hree to One I. 250 An
eminent chiropodist and *debunnionizer. 1882 Pall MallG.
20 May 3/2 The Republicans .. wish to decentralize, to
*decesarize France. 1832 Soutury in Q. Rev. XLVIII.
280 He did not talk of *decalvinizing certain of our pro-
vinces, nor of dejansenizing certain corporations. 1891
Chicago Advance 4 June, That this committee intended to
de-Calvinize the church. 1624 I’. James in Adp. Ussher's
Lett. (1686) 318 He hath.. inlarged his Book of Bochel’'s
*Decanonization. c 1645 Howe tt Lett. (1650) I. 1. xix. 32
He [the Cardinal of Guise] is but young, and they speak of
a Bull that is to come from Rome to *decardinalize him.
1892 T. H. Nunn in Toynbee Record 30 There is being
effected .. a permanent *decasualization of labour at the
Docks... The casual docker [must] lose his work. 188r
Academy 28 May 388/3 Ireland is..more *decelticised now
than the Scottish Highlands. 1878 Scribver's Mag. XVI.
436/1 An aroma which no chemistry, or *dechemicalization
is potent enough to retain. 1864 Reader 19 Mar. 374/1
Handel meant his oratorios to be choral works. ‘This
*dechoralizes them. 1873 H. A. J. Munro Lucret. 473 One
of the numerous artifices of Tacitus to *deciceronise the
style of his annals. 1890 Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch 27 May,
Any..plan of *decitizenizing free Americans. 1848 CLoucH
in Life & Lett, (1869) I. 125 The ‘jeunes filles’..were
*declassicised by their use of parasols. 1865 Grote Plato
II. xxiv. 246 Logical exposition proceeding by way of
classifying and *declassifying. 1870 Sat. Rev. 12 Feb. 209/1
Nor .. to allow its Bishops to *declericalize any of its
priests and deacons by a penny post letter, /d7d., To
accept .. a declericalization which was not degradation.
1870 Lit. Churchman XVI. 451/2 Englishmen who have
lived much abroad seem to become *de-climatised in this
particular. 1862 Mrs. Speip Last Years (nd. 157 So the
whole concatenation *deconcatenated. 1893 Sat. Rev. 25
Mar, 333/1 The style of the great Mr. Smith .. greatly
*deconventionalized. 1784 B. Frankwin in Anz. Reg. 1817
Chron, 381 The odious mixture of pride and beggary.. that
have half depopulated and *decultivated Spain. 1890 J.
Davinson in Academy 15 Mar. 183/1 An example of the
failure of high literary ability to *dedoggerelise it thoroughly.
1878 Gurney Zertinm Quid (1887) I. 113 The joylessness
and dulness of the ‘dereligionised’ (more truly *dedog-
matised) life, 1887 Parish Problems 36 Poverty, care,
work .. had slowly *deéducated the Man! 1881 Nature
XXIV. 21 Method of *de-electrifying woollen yarn. 1824
Mech, Mag. No. 61. 77 Might not steam be further *de-
electrized? did., By following up the means which pro-
duced it, namely, by de-electrization. 1871 Earte Phz/ol.
Eng. Tongue § 445 * Deflectionized languages are said to be
Analytic, 1880 Grant WuitE Every-Day Eng. 275 This
*deformalizing of the English language. 187; P. THomson
in Bible Students’ Aids 146 Antiochus "efortifies the
Temple, 1885 Romanes Fedly-fish 180 The *deganglionated
tissue, 1864 Reader 23 Apr. 511/3 It may be within the
compass of critical science to *degeneralize portions of it
into the suggesting particulars. 1839 New Monthly Mag.
LVI. 454 The *degentilizing distinction above mentioned.
1892 Pall Mail G. 7 Sept. 6/1 His theory is that Germany
is being fast *de-Germanized. 1893 Chicago Advance
31 Aug., The vast student-world was being *de-heathenized,
1866 Pall Mail G. 8 Oct. 10 The urban population .. is
either thoroughly *de-Hellenized, or is in the process of
de-Hellenization. 1865 W. Kay Crisis Huffeldiana 27
Their attempts to *de-historicize .. the oldest and most
venerable document of human history. 1865 J. GrotE
Treat. Mor. Ideas vii. (1876) 93 The notion. .was very early
*de-idealized or positivized. 1890 W. S. Litty Right &
DE-.
: as exist among us, bear
witness. .to the deidealising fee 1866 J. Gens Exan.
Utilit, Philos. v. (2870) 94 Reason binds men together, and, —
en
individualizes them, /éid., The
virtue is a gradual deindividualization of men.
1880 FArRBarrn Stud. Life of Christ xv. (1881) 262 Men
cian? 4 Fad
in Standard 5 May, To *de-industrialize the population
1882 Daily Te/. 2 June, In the face of the tunnel that is to
“de-insularise us, 1861 Bacrnot Biog. Ess. (1881) 142 Years
of acquiescing.. usually *de-intellectualise a parliamentary
statesman before he comes to half his power. 1891 AnsotT
Philomythus 129 The de-intell lising i e of this
resolute faith in miracles. 1889 Pall Mali G. 16 Oct. 2/2
The possibility of first *de-Italianising the Sacred sabe
Tbid. 13 Nov. 2/2 The de-Italianizing of the Church. 1
ly oaeegeny | [see decalvinizing], 1866 Pall Mall G.
13 Aug. 3 Will a junker be allowed to *dejunkerize himself.
1883 Spectator 27 Jan. 126 A certain amount of *delatinisa-
tion and some simplification of phraseological structure.
1835 Tazt's Mag. I1. 461 To *deliberalize the a of
the youthful patriot. 1887 Gurney Tertium Quid II. 194
Further liberalising and “delimitising the conditions of
poetic appreciation, 1881 Ohio State Frnt. 29 Jan.,Worthless
dementholized oil. 1754 Huxuam in PAil. Trans. XLVIII.
861 Tin and copper .. are reduced to ashes, and *demetal-
lized, 1883 A thenvum 28 July 104/2 That passage. .should
.. be forthwith *demetricized and turned into honest prose.
1829 Tocno, Duranp, etc. Mat. Med. The *denarcotized
opium. 1892 Poutton & Surpcey tr. Weismann's Heredity
II. 92 Boveri. .succeeded in rearing such *denucleated eggs
by the introduction of spermatozoa. 1864 Homeward Mail
17 Oct. 901 The tendency. .is to *de-orientalize the European
mind in India, 188r Athengum 9 July 42/3 Glimpses of
Anglo-Indian life before it became deOvlenin ized. 1874 W.
A. Mitter Elem. Chem. (ed. 5) 11. § 341 Ozonized air is also
“deozonized by transmission over cold manganese dioxide.
1873 C. B. Fox Ozone § Antozone 95 The deozonisation of air
1882 B. LeicHTon |
passing over densely populated towns. 1847-8 De Quincey |
Protestantism Wks. VIII. 156 Rome, it was found, could not
be *depaganised. 1859 Lit, Churchman V.332/1 Among the
slowly depaganized people. 1892 Harper's Mag. Sept.
629/2 The bones of Mirabeau ..were carried in great pomp
to the Pantheon in 1791; and were *depantheonized ..
a year or two later. 1885 American 1X.198 To *departizanize
the public service. 1862 Sat. Rev. XIII. 21/2 The work is
resumed. .in the Italian language..as a means for *depied-
montizing the author's style, 1872 Contemp. Rev. XX. 831
To press philosophy into its service is to *dephilosophize it.
1872 S. Butter Erewhon xi. 99 A time of universal *de-
physicalisation would ensue. Sat. Rev, VIII. 573/2
Dr, Cullen has really. . *de-politicalized the Irish priesthood.
1866 De Morcan in Graves Life Sir W. R. Hamilton (1889)
TIT. 562 You cannot..let him take any licence which can
damage or “de-priorise anything you choose to write on
your own subject. 1884 S¢. Yames's Gaz. 22 Mar. 4/1 It
helps to some extent. .to *‘deprofessionalize’ the English
clergy. 1888 A/ission Herald (Boston) Oct. 442 To *depro-
testantize the nation. 1861 O. W. Hotmes Pages fr. Old
Vol. Life (1891) 10 The camp is *deprovincializing us very
fast. 1865 LoweLt New Eng. Two Cent. Ago Prose Wks.
1890 II, 12 Commerce is deprovincializing the minds of those
engaged init. 1891 Review of Reviews 15 Sept. 267/1 The
Jews must be *derabbinised and denationalised. /d7d., The
derabbinisation is far advanced. 1878 *Dereligionized [see
dedogmatized). W. H. Mattock /s Life Worth
Living? 64 To de-religionize life, then, it is not enough to
condemn creeds and to abolish prayers. /did. 136 The
gradual de-religionizing of life. 1888 H. F. Lester //artas
Maturin I. i. 7 The gradual process of *deruralizing his
townlet, a Daily News 19 Nov. 2/5 He ho the
Council would not entirely ‘de-ruralise’ the park.
Lowe tt Poems, Cathedr., A brain *desaxonized. 1892 W.
Watson in Bookman Oct. 23/1 Grotesque efforts to get
inside the English character and *de-Semiticise his own.
1882 TRAIL. Sterne vi. 88 That thoroughly *desentimental-
ized ‘domestic interior’. 1886 Blackw. Mag. CXL. 747 She
..*deskeletonized the wretched closet with unsparing dex-
terity. 1889 //arfer's Mag. June 102/1 The way in which
darkness isolates and *desocializes the citizen. 1883 Maups-
Ley Body & Will 1. iii. 258 Demoralization following de-
socialization. 1885 Pali Mall G. 3 Sept. 5/2 He will steep
himself to the lips in falsehood sooner than allow it to be
*desupernaturalized. 1836 7azt’s Mag. I11. 168 The singular.
ceremony of ‘ *de-tarantulization’ (since a word must needs
be coined), 1883 A. B. Epwarps in Academy 10 Nov. 309/2
A “de-theorised American. 1868 Birm. ¥rnd. Sept. 12 The
oil. .has been “devolatilised, so that all danger of explosion
is annihila
2. Less frequently verbs (and their derivatives)
are formed a prefixing de- to a noun (cf. L. dé-
Saimire, F. défroquer), with the sense: a. To de-
prive, divest, free from, or rid of the thing in
uestion: as DEBowEL (1375), deflesh, defoliage,
deglaze, deglycerin, degrease, m, dehandle, de-
horn (-er), delawn, + demast, demiracle, demonas-
tery, + depark, deprotestant, detenant, + detruth ;
depetticoated, dereligioned ppl. adjs. (Some of
these have forms in D1s-, which is the usual prefix
for words of this type.) b. To turn out of, dis-
lodge or expel from, as decart, | deparliament
(1648) ; Decourt, Denusk.
1860 Russet Diary /ndia (1863) 1. 299, I completed m
journey, and was safel Nasariet: at the door of a poeta
tial house, 1837-40 ALIBURTON Clockm. 1, 76 He was
teetotally “defi »a mere walking skeleton, 1831 Huisu
Mem. Geo, 1 Yup The lovely rosebud fell *defoli e
1879 Scribner's Mag. July 402 They. .completel aebaoge
the trees. 1885 W. L. Carrenter Soap § Candles 151 The
French process .. for *deglycerining neutral fats, 1887
Encycl. Brit. XXI11, 62/2 The fibres .. being now *de-
gummed, are og from each other. 1893 in Chicago
Advance 9 Mar., She had broken the cover of a tureen, and
*dehandled a china pitcher, 1888 Voice (N, Y.) 12 Jan. 2
The champion of “dehorning cattle. /did, 23 Feb. 7 That
enthusiastic champion of dehorning, ‘ Farmer Haaf,’ will
soon issue a book: ‘ Every Man His own *Dehorner’, 1726
56
Amuerst Jerrg Fil. xxxix. 215 The ar" ought to be
* Lae? 1666 Lond. —_ “~ 89/4 Very — damage,
besides the “di : one
'S one P
Becket m. iii. 137 For as to the fish, they “de-miracled the
miraculous drau; and might have sunk a navy. c 1808
Byron Occas. Pieces xvi. note, Some..monk of abbey,
about the time it was *demonasteried. a1700 B. E. Dict.
Cant. Crew, Whet-stones-park, a Lane .. fam'd for a Nest
of Wi now *de-park’d. 1648 J. Goopwin Right &
Might 19 men * i nted by the Army, 1892
DEACON,
the almous of the Churche, to keip and distribute the same,
as by the ministerie of the Kick she’ be capone Thay
77 ag assist in judgement with the Ministeris
1584 J. Metvitt Diary (1842) 183 Ther salba
Me : an till attend upon the box .. to collect and
tribut to the outward + ane uther to haiff the cair
gar awin inward indigent or diseased yo te
XIX. 5 . @ Hooxer Summe iscipl. 1. i,
This Dezcon Fenny aha Treasurer of the Chancke
Chicago Advance 14 Jan., She is not a Pp
virago, who wants to inaugurate a general swapping of sex.
1890 Guardian 5 Nov. 1745/2 The result..is, to use the
phrase of The Times, the ‘*deprotestanting’ of the greater
part of Ireland. 1835 Athenaeum 443 The demoralized,
de-religioned invaders of a and property, 1883
C. A. Cameron in Pali Mall G. 4 Dec. 1/2 Many unsani-
houses have been *detenanted. 1647 Warp Sim.
Cobler 67 He feares there is Truth in them: Could he
*de-truth them all, he would defie them all. :
3. By an extension of use dé- is sometimes pre-
fixed to adjectives or substantives, as in DEBARE,
DECHEERFUL, DEGALLANT, DEDoctor. (Cf. dzs- in
discontent, dissatisfied, etc.)
De-acidify, etc.: see Dr- II. 1.
Deacon (di‘kan, -k’n), sd. Forms: a, 1 diacon,
deacon; §. 2 diacne, diakne, 4 dyakne, //.
diaknen ; y. 2 decne, 2-4 deakne, 3-5 dekne,
(3 gen. pl. deknene) ; 3-6 deken (-in, -on, -un,
-yn(e), 4 deeken (//. deeknys), decoun, 4-6
decon, decane, 5-6 deaken, deakon, 6 diacon(e,
deacone, 5- deacon. [ad. L. didconus, a. Gr.
d:adkovos servant, waiting man, messenger, whence
sfec. in Christian use, servant or minister of the
church ; an order of ministers inthe church. ‘The
OE. diacon (deacon) was a learned form immed.
from the L,; beside it there appears to have been |
a popular form *d:'cna (? from *diwtcna, *dewtcna),
whence 12th c. decne, deakne, and later dékne, pl.
deakn-en. From dékne, deakne, came deken, deaken,
whence under L, influence deacon. The early ME.
diacne, dyakne was perhaps immed. a. OF. diacne,
dyacne (12th c.; later déacre) ; it might also re-
present a semi-popular OE. *diacna: cf. O.N.
djikn, djdkni. There were many intermediate forms
of the word, from mixture of popular and learned
types.]
1. “cc/, The name of an order of ministers or
officers in the Christian church.
a. In Apostolic times.
‘Their first appointment is traditionally held to be recorded
in Acts vi. 1-6, where however the title dcaxovos does not
occur, but only the cognate words évaxoveiy (‘serve’) and
écaxovia (‘ ministration ir
crooo AEtrric Homelies (Thorpe) I. 44 Da apostolas
eon seofon diaconas .. diacona wes se forma
tephanus. a1300 Cursor M. 19482 (Cott.) Steuen .. was
o pe seuen dekens an. 1382 Wycur Pil. i. 1 Poul and
Tymothe. .toalle the hooly men. .at Philippis, with bischopis
and dekenes. ¢ 1450 Mirour Saluacioun 4442 Deken Steven
be his name. _1§97 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. 419 Deacons were
stewards of the Church, vnto whome at the first was com-
mitted the distribution of Church-goods. 1611 Brace 1 77.
ii. 8 Likewise must the deacons bee graue, not double
tongued. 1782 Priesttey Corrupt. Chr. Il. vi. 20 The
deacons generally administered the el 1875 Man-
ninG Mission H. Ghost xv. 417 The Apostles set apart
a special order—the Sacred order of deacons—to be ministers
of the charity of Jesus Christ to His poor.
b. In Episcopal Churches, a member of the
third order of the ministry, ranking below bishops
and priests, and having the functions of assisting
the priest in divine service, esp. in the celebration
of the eucharist, and of visiting the sick, etc.
¢g00 Beda’s Eccl. Hist. m. xiv. [xx.] (1891) 220 Honorius
se wrcebiscop..zehalgode Thomam his diacon to biscope.
1122 O. E. Chron., Se decne hwfde ongunnan bone godspel.
c1175 Lamb, Hom. 81 Nucumed pes diakne. ¢ 1290 S. Eng.
Leg. 1. 392/49 Preostes he made and deknene al-so. 1
Ayenb, 190 He acsede at onen of his diaknen, ©1986
Cnaucer Pars. 7, 2817 Folk that ben entred into ordre, as
sub-dekin, or dekin, or prest. ¢ St. Cuthbert (Surtees)
3 A preste sange at ane altere, And his a stode
him nere. 1513 Brapsuaw St. Werburge 1, 2221 Whan the
Deken redde the holy gospell. 1647 N. Bacon Disg, Govt.
Eng. 1. x. (1739) 18 Deacons. .attending upon the Prédbyters
to bring the offerings to the Altar to read the Gospel, to
and Administer the Lord’s Supper. a 1778 Gray
. 292 He was
Remarks yee Pi
ordained a deacon in 1393, which is usually done in the
‘oems Wks. 1843
twenty-third of a man’s age. 1844 Lincarp Anglo-
Sax. ch. (1858)1. iv. 133 The three orders of bi iests,
- bishops, pri
ec. In the Presbyterian m, one of an order of
officers appointed to attend to the secular affairs of
the congregation, as distinguished from the e/ders,
whose province is the spiritual, (But they do not
always exist, at least under this name, their func-
tions, when they are absent, being performed by the
elders.) d. In Congregational churches, one of
a body of officers elected to advise and assist the
pastor, distribute the elements at the communion,
administer the charities of the church, and attend
to its secular affairs,
1560-1 Bk. Discipline viii. (heading), The Eyght Heid,
tuiching the Electioun off Elderis ani is, etc... The
office of the Deaconis. .is to receave the rentis, and gadder
. . or *
ey aga
The there bee
is ae spre pri s
1657 W. Braprorp New Eng. Mem. 355 They had .. in
our time four grave men for ruling elders, and three able and
fodly men for deacons. 1702 C. Matuer Magn. Chr. v. vii,
silos padi Wack afin Demeon is .. to fo the Treasury
of the Church, and therewith to serve the Ta’ which the
Church is to provide for, as the Lord’s Table, the Table of
Go BEealeee aa oF eh a0 eve Je: Memey, So wee
they are to di te in simplicity. 1884 R. W. Date
C , Manual v. 116 In some i churches
there are both ‘ elders’ and ‘ deacons’.
e. fig.
1642 izes Afol. Smect. xi. (1851) 311 Their office is
to pray for others, and not to be the lip-working deacons
of other mens appointed words. 1796 C. Burney Mem.
Metastasio I11, 170 As an old Deacon of Apollo. 1887
Mission. Herald (Boston) Apr. 153 It [the African Lakes
Company] acts as deacon to t i ions th Ives,
caring for them in secular things.
+2. Applied to the Levites, as an order inferior
to the priests in the Jewish Church: cf. BisHop 2.
c1000 Ags. Gosp. John i. 19 Iudeas sendon heora
sacerdas and heora diaconas fram Ierusalem. ¢ 1178 Lamb.
Hom. 79 Per com a prost bi be weie..and wende ford,
comandiacne. ax Cursor M. 7909 Cott.) For luue of
a deken wijf,—Mani man tint pair lijf (cf. Judges xx. 4).
1388 Wycuir Num. ii. 51 The dekenes schulen do doun the
tabernacle. cx Pecock Refr. 1. i. 280 To the dekenis
were 3ouun xlviij citees. :
3. In Scotland, the president of an incorporated
‘craft’ or trade in any town; formerly ex officio
a member of the town-council.
Sc. Acts Fas. I (1597) $ 39 Ike Craft suld haue ane
Deakos. I Wr3et Tour Scoir Thre Quest. xxxix.
Wks. 1888 I. 102 As thair is in euery craft almaist ane
decane [4/S. dekin]. @1649 Drumm. or Hawtn. Hist.
Yas. V Wks. (1711) 88 A deacon of the crafts is killed by the
faction of the Hamiltons. 1771 SMottetr //umph. Cl. Wks.
1806 VI. 260 The council [of the Edinburgh magistracy] is
composed of deacons, one of whom is returned
rotation, as r i
uot.
1813 J. Asur Masonic f matt (1825) 227 The Deacons
are named and invested; upon which the new Master
pe Ft § - and L. M.,
I appoint Deacons of thi ge. It r province
to Soul page Master, and to assist the Wardens in the
active duties of the lodge.’ _
+ 5. A set of eucharistic ts for a deacon.
1534 in Peacock Engl. Ch. Furniture 201 A whole vest-
Po ny Nepbebes wt deacon and subdeacon of white damaske.
1 Trans. Essex Arch. Soc. N.S. 1.14 Two
ob ways cawlyd deakyn and subdeaken. 158 Wills §
Inv, N.C. 1, (Surtees 1835) 171 One Cope, a vestment and
a deacon all. .of red silk.
6. Combd., as deacon-seat (UV. S.), a long settee
Deacon seat,» lumberer’s camp term. .why so called is diffi-
cult to say..un
round a_ pulpit,
deacons.
Dea‘con, v. U.S. collog. or a [f. prec. sb.
1. vans. (usually ¢o deacon off). To read alou
(a hymn) one or two lines at a time, the -
tion SMART GU doch as ren’, ncoortiagt to
the ear! Titan, of the Congregational Churches
w.
ing the
of New England. Hence fig.
T. Puritanism 232 The insult .. was given
Psalm, a7 Lows Biglow P, Ser. 1. ix
le WELL . Ser. 1
deacon off the toon you want folks should
— Heartsease & Rue 166 Well he knew to
Goopricn ae I. 77 (Bartlett)
chorister
2. “ay pack (fruit, etc.) with the finest specimens
on the top.
1866 raves Biglow P. \ntrod., To deacon berries is to
t the largest at 1868 Miss Avcorr Lit, Women xi.
fFarmer), e pF. [were] not as ripe as they looked,
having been skilfully
b. In various uses conn unfair or dishonest
dealing or the like (cf. 40 doctor): see quots.
1860 Bartiett Dict. Amer., To deacon a caif is to knock
it in the head as soon as it is born.
it
Farmer Americanisms, To deacon
gradually extending one’s fences or bout
a es
DEACONESS.
57
‘highway or other common property. 1889 Century Ditt., | Muman Lat. Chr. (1864) Il, 11. vii. 117 The churches and
Deacon, to sophisticate ; adulterate ; ‘doctor’: as, to deacon
wine or other liquor. s/ang.
Dea:conal a., Deaconate sd., forms sometimes
used instead of the more correct DIACONAL, -ATE.
1890 Chicago Advance 7 Aug., Clerical hospitality ..
deaconal hospitality. 1882-3 Scnarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl.
III. 2256 The subdeaconate [developed] from the deaconatt:
1892 Daily News 2 Feb. 5/7 After a meeting of the
deaconate.
Deaconess (dzkonés). Forms: 6 decon-,
diacon-, 6-7 deaconisse, 7 diacon-, deacon-
ness, 8- deaconess. [f. DEAcoN + -xsS, formed
after med.L. d#acontssa, fem. of didconus: cf. F.
diaconisse (14-18th c.), now usually dzaconesse.]
1, Zecl. a. The name of an order of women in
the early church, ‘who appear to have undertaken
duties in reference to their own sex analogous to
those performed by the deacons among men’ (Dzc¢.
Chr. Antig.). }. Also, in some modern churches,
of an order of women having functions parallel to
those of the deacons in the same, or intermediate
between these and those of the women in sense 2.
a 1536 TinDALE Whs. 250 (R.) Phebe the deaconisse of the
church of Cenchris. 1561 ‘I. Norton Calvin's Just. 1v. 89
There were created deaconisses, not to delite God with
singing and wyth mumbling not vnderstanded .. but that
they should execute publike ministration towarde the poore.
1685 Baxter Paraphr. N. 7.1 Tim. iii. 11 The Deacon-
nesses that then were appointed to some Care of Women,
which Men were less fit for. 1709 J. JoHnson Clergymz.
Vade M. u. 100 The office of Deaconesses was .. especially
to attend women in the Baptistery, undressing and dressing
them again. 1847 Masxet, Mon, Rit. III. p. xcv. note,
The deaconesses of the primitive ages .. their functions
being .. limited to the performance of mere secular duties,
such as visiting the sick, and catechizing women. 1885
Catholic Dict. s. v., [Deaconesses] were employed in assist-
ing at the baptism of women..In the tenth century the
office was extinct in the West..At Constantinople the office
survived till 1190.
1617 F. Jounson Plea xx. 317 To the Elders. .that rule
the Church ; and tothe Deacons and Deaconesses that serve
and minister therein. @ 1657 W. Braprorp New Eng. Mem.
355 They had..one ancient widow for a deaconess..She
usually sat..in the congregation with a little birchen rod
in her hand, and kept little children in great awe from dis-
turbing the congregation. She did frequently visit the sick
and weak, and especially women. 1892 Bk. Ch. of Scotd. 33
Women who being able to make Christian work the chief
object of their lives. .having passed through two years’ train-
ing and service in connection with our Homes in Edinburgh
or Glasgow, may apply to be set apart as Deaconesses by
their kirk-sessions and presbyteries, and will then..be ex-
pected to go to any part of Scotland where they may be
required, there to work under the supervision of minister
and kirk-session, 1893 British Weekly 30 Nov. 88/2 Miss
Hargreave was a deaconess of Carr’s Lane Church, and has
been of great service in many ways.
2. The name taken by certain Protestant orders
of women with aims similar to those of Sisters
of Mercy.
1867 Lavy Hersert Cradle L. iii. 102 The Kaiserswerth
Deaconesses .. have a school, hospital, and dispensary near
the English Protestant Church. 1871 Daily News 4 Nov.,
‘The Deaconesses’ Institute prides itself upon being ‘evan-
gelically Protestant’. 1 Whitaker’s Almanack 276
General Hospitals—{No. ot Deasntee Institution and
‘Training Hospital, Tottenham.
3. nonce-use. A deacon’s wife.
1858 O. W. Hotes Aut. Breakf.-t. (1883) 221 Deacon and
deaconess dropped away.
4. Comb.
1884 Pall Mail G. 10 Sept. 2/1 A deaconess-house was
opened. 1893 Ch. 7%mes 27 Jan. 81/1 The deaconess-widows,
and the widows of the higher clergy.
+ Dea‘conhead. 0Ods. [-Hmap.] = next.
c 1400 Aol, Loli, 32 Pe minstri of presthed, & of dekunhed.
1656 Burgh Rec. in J, Irving Hist, Dumbartonshire (1860)
534 The crafts of the said burgh sould enjoy the lyke fredome
priviledge and deaconhead.
Deaconhood (dzkenhud). [-noon.]
1. The office of a deacon: see DEAcon 50. 1 b, 3.
1382 Wyciir 1 Zi. Prol., The ordynaunce of byschop-
hood, and of the dekenehood. ¢1449 Prcock Refr. m1. ix.
3g Dekenhode was profitable to his clergie.
. A body of deacons collectively.
In mod, Dicts.
Deaconry (dzkonri). [-ry.]
ra ors. of a deacon ; deaconship, diaconate.
14 ‘at. ngl.95 A Dekenry, diaconatus. 1560-1 Bh.
Dischpline Vey Priole e of Univ., Tutorie, Curatorie,
Deaconrie, or ony siclike. 1642 Sir E, Dertne SJ. on
Relig. 133 S. Paul calleth his Apostleship but a Deaconry.
1824 G. Cuatmers Caledonia III1.v.§ 7.474 Anact annulling
that incorporation for having a deaconry.
b. A body of deacons collectively,
a 1679 T. Goopwin Ws. IV. tv. 188 (R.) The deacons of
all those churches should make up a common deaconry.
2. &.C.Ch, The chapel and charitable institution
of a ‘region’ of Rome, in charge of a cardinal or
regionary deacon.
1670 G. H. Hist, Cardinals 1. m. 67 The Chapels that
were ordinarily united to these Religious houses, being
called Deaconries. Jéid, 1. 11. 68 Deaconries, where the
Cardinals had their Residence, and..were call’d Cardinal
Deacons, because of their residence in the Deaconry. 1751
Cuampers Cycl., Deaconry is also a name still reserved to
the chapels and oratories in Rome, under the direction of
the several deacons, in their respective regions ..To the
deaconries were annexed a sort of hospitals .. governed
by me eastrid deacons, called cardinal deacons. 1855
ol. .
monasteries, the hospitals, deaconries or ecclesiastical
boards for the poor.
Deaconship (dikonfip). [-sutr.] The office
or position of a deacon.
186s Harpinc in Jewel Def Afol. (1611) 85 The Priest-
hood & Deaconship. 1610 J. Rosinson Fst. Separ. Church
Wks. II. 364 The office of deacon-ship which Christ hath
left by his apostles for the collection and distribution of
the Church’s alms. 1615 Wapswortu in Bedell Zeé?. 13
Priesthood is giuen by the deliuerie of the Patena .. and o'
the Chalice .. Deaconship by the deliuerie of the booke of
the Gospels. 1681-6 J. Scorr Chr. Life (1747) III. 400 That
none shall be..ordained an Elder, till after he had well
acquitted himself in the Deaconship. 1849-53 Rock Ch. of
Fathers WV. 51 In due time the Subdeacon was raised to the
Deaconship.
+ Dea‘ction. Os. [ad. L. deactiin-em: Dr-
1656 Brount Glossogr., Deaction, a finishing or perfecting.
Dead (ded), a. (sd., adv.) Forms: 1-3 déad,
2-3 deed, (3 deed), 2-7 ded, (4 deede, deid,
did, Ayenb. dyad, dyead), 4-6 deed, dede, 5
deyde, dyde, 6 dedde, 6-7 deade, (5- Sc. deid),
6- dead. [A common Teut. adj.; orig. pple. :
OE. déad = OFris. déd (WFris., NFris. dead),
OS. déd, MDu. dé¢(@), Du. dood, MLG. abt, da,
LG. déd, OHG., MHG. éé¢ (Ger. dodt, tot), ON.
daudr (Sw., Da. did), Goth. daups:—OTeut.
*dau-do-z, pre-Teut. *dhau-to's, pa. pple. from vb.
stem dau- (pre-Teut. dhaz-), preserved in ON, deyja
(:—dau-jan) and in OS. déian, OHS. touwen, to
Dir. The suffix is = L. -¢zs, Gr. -76s, Skr. -¢as.
The suffixal d in OTeut. *daudo-z, Eng. dead (pre-Teut.
*dhauto's),as opposed to the J in daupu-z, death (pre-Teut.
*dhau'tus), shows the influence of the position of the stress
accent on the Teutonic representation of original breath
mutes, as set forth in Verner’s Law.] :
A. adj. T. Literally, and in senses directly con-
nected.
* Said of things that have been alive.
1. That has ceased to live; deprived of life; in
that state in which the vital functions and powers
have come to an end, and are incapable of being
restored: a. of men and animals.
Beowulf 939 Pa wes Heregar dead min yldra maz.
c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. ix. 24 Nys bys maden dead. 1154
O. E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1135 Pat ile 3ar warth be
king ded. cx1205 Lay. 19229 Hire lauerd wes ded [c 1275
dead]. a 1300 Cursor M, 6130 (Cott.) Na hus..Pat par ne
was ded [v.rrv. deed, dede] man ligand. a1400 Poenzs
Vernon MS. 534 Better is a quik and an hol hounde pen
aded lyon. 1458 in Turner Dom. Archit. 111. 41 To drawe
a deed body out of alake. 1592 Suaxs. Rom. §& Fd. v. i.
6, I dreamt my Lady came and found me dead. 1606 —
Tr. & Cr. 1. v. 251 Where thou wilt hit me dead. 1660
Bovte Mew Exp. Phys. Mech. Digress. 360 The Bird ..
within about a minute more would be stark dead. 1722 DE
For Col. Fack (1840) 233 He was shot dead. 1795 Burke
Corr. IV. 239 Dead men, in their written opinions, are
heard with patience. 1850 Tennyson /7 Mem. Ixxiv. 1 As
sometimes in a dead man’s face..A likeness..Comes out—
to some one of his race.
b. of plants.
1382 Wyciir ¥ude 12 Heruest trees with outen fruyt,
twies deede, drawun up bi the roote, xr52r Fisuer Wks,
(1876) 326 As a deed stoke, a tree withouten lyfe. 1855 TEN-
nyson Mand 1. iii. 14, 1..found The shining daffodil dead.
¢e. of parts or organs of animals or plants.
c1000 AEirric [uterrog. Sigewulf (Anglia VII. 30), Mid
Sam deadum fellum, 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvt.
xciv. (1495) 586 Salte fretyth awaye deed flessh. 1484 Caxton
E sop v. x, He had kytte awey the dede braunches fro the
tre. 156x Epen Arte Nazig. Pref. P ij b, Vnsensate by
reason of dead fleshe. 1643 J. Sreer tr. Exp. Chyrurg. vil.
27 If..the skin be burnt dead. 2707 C. B. Trye in Med.
Commun, 11. 154 The absorbents will remove very little of
dead bone. 182r SHELLEY Adonais xvi, ‘The young Spring
.. threw down Her kindling buds, as if she Autumn were,
Or they dead leaves. p
d. Specifically used of that which has died of
itself, instead of being killed or cut down when
alive, asin dead shell (of a mollusc), dead wood, etc.
1877 Excycl. Brit. V1. 539 Dead shells appear in some
cases to be thus employed, but. .in most... the [Hermit] crab
‘kills the mollusk in order to secure its shell.
"| Zo be dead was anciently used in the sense ‘ to
die’, and later in that of ‘to have died’; also=
‘ To die at the hands of anyone, to be put to death,
be killed’.
c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxii. 24 Gif hwa dead syz, & bearn
nzbbe. ¢ 1205 Lay. 196 After ba feourder 3ere he was dead.
c1340 Cursor M. 14269 (Trin.) Alle that lyuen & trowen
me Deed shul pei neuer be. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pro/, 148 Soore
wepte she if any of hem were deed. 1388 Wyctir 2 Cor. v.
14 If oon died for alle, thanne alle weren deed [X. V. then
alldied]. [1557 Tot¢edl’s Misc. (Arb.) 169, I will be dead at
once To do my’ Lady good.]
1382 Wycuir Row. v. 15 If thorw the gilt of oone many
ben deed [améOavov : Rhem. & R. V. ‘many died’). 1592
Suaxs. Rom. § Ful. v. iii. 210 Alas my liege, my wife is
dead to night. 1605 — Learv. iii, 292 Your eldest Daughters
haue fore-done themselues, And desperately are dead. ¢ 1676
Lapy Cuawortn in r2th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm, App. v.
34 Lord Chesterfields lady is dead in her child-bed month.
1784 Jounson Left. (1788) II. 373 Macbean, after three days
of illness, is dead of a suppression of urine. 1803 Beppors
fsgtia xi. 75 note, I heard .. that he was dead of scarlet
‘ever.
1300 Cursor M. 6688 (Cott.) Qua smites his thain wit
a wand, And he be deid vnder his hand, ¢1375 Sc. Leg.
DEAD.
Saints, Andreas. For one be cors bath ded pai were. 1460
Caprcrave Chron. 265 Condempned to be ded as a tretoure.
©1477 aaa epg 1o How many men and..women haue
ben slayn and ded by thy poysons,
2. Bereft of sensation or vitality; benumbed,
insensible. a. Of parts of the body. (Also fig.)
See also DEap Patsy.
clare pene R. 112 A lutel ihurt i pen eie derued more
pen ded a muchel ide hele: vor bet fleschs is deadure bere.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R.1W. i. (1495) 77 Thynges that
be deed and dystroyed wyth colde. 1590 SPENSER 7. Q.
I, vii. 21 The messenger of so unhappie newes Would faine
have dyde: dead was his hart within, 1607 TorseLt Ser-
pents (1658) 593 They take Serpents in the Winter time, when
they grow dead and stiffe through cold. 1806 CoLrrincr
in Flagg Life W. Allston (1893) 77 My head felt like another
man’s head; so dead was it [etc.]. 1893 J. Hurciinson
Archives Surg. No. 12 111.311 The liability to ‘dead fingers’.
Jbid. 312 This pair of fingers on each hand had been liable
for at least two years to become ‘ dead’ in the morning after
washing. oa Re ! ;
b. Of persons: Deathlike,insensible, ina swoon,
Obs. Also of sleep, a faint.
€ 1369 Cuaucer Dethe Blaunche 127 She..Was wery, and
thus the ded slepe Filon hir. 1598 FLorio, Séfove, a dead
swoune, deepe sleepe or drousie sicknes. 1610 Suaxs,
Temp. v.i. 230 We were dead of sleepe. 1610 Barroucn
Physick (1639) 1. xx. 30 Coma..may be called in English
dead sleep. 1666-7 Perys Diary 7 Feb. (D.), He was fallen
down all along upon the ground dead..he did presently
come to himself. 1752 Fietpinc Amelia m1. ix. tb, We
there beheld the most shocking sight in the world, Miss
3ath lying dead on the floor..Miss Bath was at length
recovered. Zod. She fell on the floor in a dead faint.
3. As good as dead in respect Zo (something) ;
insensible /o.
1340 Ayenb. 240 He ssel by dyead to be wordle, and libbe
to god. 1601 ? Marston Pasguil & Kath. 1. 307 You are
dead to natiue pleasures life. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt.
Eng. 1. lix. (1739) 114 He that is in a Monastery is dead to
all worldly affairs. 1726 SHELVocKE Voy. round World 224
Obstinate fellows who were dead to reason. 1813 SHELLEY
Q. Mab v. 33 Sensual, and vile; Dead to all love. 1874
Green Short Hist. viii. 550 Charles was equally dead to
the moderation and to the wisdom of this great Act of
Settlement.
b. Hence, As good as dead, in some particular
respect or capacity; sfec. in Law, cut off from civil
rights and so legally reckoned as dead.
1710 Pore Let. to Cromwell 17 May, Dead in a_poetical
Capacity, asa damn’d Author; and dead in a civil Capacity,
as auseless Member of the Common-wealth. 1828 WensTE
Dead. .\n daw, cut off from the rights of a citizen .. <
banished or becoming a monk is civilly dead. Blackstone.
4. Destitute of spiritual life or energy.
1382 Wycur fh, il. 1 Whanne 3e weren deede in 30ure
giltis and synnes. 1534 ‘TinpaLe 1 7%. v. 6 She that
liveth in pleasure, is deed even yet alive. 1651 Hoxzrs
Leviath. 1. viii. 35 To have no Desire, isto be Dead. 1668
Howe Bless. Righteous (1825) 206 How often are men the
deader for all endeavours to quicken them, 1793 Cowper
Stanzas Yearly Bill of Mortality i, He lives, who lives to
God alone, And all are dead beside, 1884 J. PARKER
Afpost. Life U1. 111 There is no deader thing unburied. .in
many places, than the professing Church of Christ.
5. fig. Of things (practices, feelings, etc.) : No
longer in existence, or in use; extinct, obsolete,
perished, past ; esf. of languages, no longer spoken.
(See also DEAD LETTER.)
1sgt Suaks. Zzvo Gent. u. vi. 28 My Loue to her is dead.
1641 J. Jackson True Evang. T. 1. 71 These..are dead
tenets and opinions. 1712 App1son Sfect. No. 285 P 5 The
Works of Ancient Authors, which are written in dead
Languages. 1847 Tennyson Princ. vit. 327 My doubts are
dead. 1861 Beresr. Hore Eng. Cathedr. 19th C. 167 The
Japse from vernacular to dead tongue services. 1884 J.
Suarman Hist. Swearing vi. 102 Seeking to revive this
dead past. ;
** Said of things naturally without life.
6. Not endowed with life; inanimate.
1430 &. E, Wills (1882) 85 Alle necessarijs longynge to
housold of dede store. 1534 More Ox the Passion Wks.
1274/1 He made it haue a beyng, as hathe the dead stone.
1636 SANDERSON Sevmz. II. 57 Shooting sometimes at a
dead mark. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 519 P6 There are
some living creatures which are raised but, just above dead
matter, 1857 H. Mitter Jest. Rocks iii. 156 The long
ascending line from dead matter toman. |
b. Applied rhetorically, emphasizing the inert
and negative qualities of mere matter.
(In the quot. there are also associations with branch ITI.)
1380 Wyciir Wks. (1880) 23 And. pus bese rome renneris
beren be kyngys gold out of oure lond, and bryngen a3en
deed leed, and heresie and symonye and goddis curse.
** Transferred applications of the literal senses.
7. Composed of dead plants, or of dead wood, as
a dead hedge or fence (opposed to guickset).
1863 Hytt Art Garden. (1593) 7 A-.rude inclosure. .made
of..bushes hauing no life, which wee name a dead hedge.
1686 PLor Staffordsh. 357 For a dead-fence, none. . better
..than those heathy-turf walls. 1728 Doucras in Phid.
Trans. XXXV. 567 The Fences consist of what they call
dead Hedges, or Hurdles to keep out .. Cattle. 1805
Forsytu Beauties Scotl. 1. 524 A dead hedge is generally
placed on the top of the bank.
8. Of, pertaining or relating to a dead person,
animal, plant, etc., or to some one’s death.
(In some cases not easily separated from the attributive
use in B. 6, or from dead, northern form of Dratu.)
1580 Sipney Arcadia u. (1674) 130 (D.) The tomb. . which
they caused to be made for them with. .notable workman-
ship, to preserve their dead lives. 1595 Suaks. Joh v. vii.
65 You breath these dead newes in as dead an eare. 1662
R. Matuew Uni, Alch. § 89. 140 His water [was] i to
*
DEAD.
two Doctors, whose judgement was that it was a dead water ;
and..he would die that night. 1712 J. James tr. Le Blond's
Gardening 173 It is more difficult to make Plants grow in
Gaps and di ayo bas a gery 1791 W. MBE
Devil upon Two Sticks (1817) IV. 182 It is what the medical
people call a dead case..a consultation. .to discover, the dis-
order of, an am ient died. "1846 J. Baxrex Libr.
ract. Agric. (ed. 4) 1. 399 (Hop-growing) When a i
—— in a garden .. the following is the quickest mode of
replacing it,
+9. Causing death, deadly, mortal. Ods.
cx400 Destr. Troy 1339 In a ded hate. bid, 11017
? hh come .. Pat doshty to dere with a dede stroke.
1606 Choice, Chance, §c. (1881) 72 Beares a dead wound but
asa little stripe. x6xx SHaks. Wint. T. 1. iv. 445 Thou
Churle, for this time (Though full of our displeasure) yet we
free thee From the dead blow of it.
10. Devoid of ‘life’ or living organisms ; hence,
barren, infertile, yielding nothing. (Cf. B. 4.)
1577 B. Gooce Hereshach’s Hush. (1586) 1. 21 b (marg.),
a the land be as riche as may be, yet yf you goe any
deapth, you shall have it barren [#zargin Dead mould].
1674 N. Fatrrax Bulk & Selv. 186 You cannot dig many
spades in mold or growthsom earth, before you come at
adead soyl. 1747 Hooson Miner's Dict. Gij b, Dead [is]
where there is no Ore.. Deads are the Gear or Work got in
such dead Places. 1806 Forsytu Beauties Scotl. 1V. 57
A rich friable clay on a bottom of dead sand, 1820 ScorEssy
Acc. Arct. Reg. 11. 211 The parallel of 77° to 774° is con-
sidered a ‘dead latitude’ by the fishers, but occasionally it
affords whales. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Dead-ground
(Mining), a body of non-metalliferous rock dividing a vein,
which passes on each side of it.
II. Deprived of or wanting some ‘vital’ or
characteristic physical quality.
1l. Without fire, flame, or glow; extinguished,
extinct. (Opposed to /ve, as in dive coal.)
1340 Ayend, 205 A quic col berninde ope ane hyeape of
dyade coles. 1530 PatsGRr. 212/2 Deed cole, charbon. 1611
Suaks, Wint. 7. v. i. 68 Starres, Starres, And all eyes else,
dead coales, 1639 Horn & Ros. Gate Lang. Uni. v. § 46
Wood burning is culled a fire-brand; being quenched..
a dead brand. 1833 H. Coteripce Sonn, xviii, The crack-
ling embers on the hearth are dead. 1884 ///ust. Lond.
News 19 Jan. 66/3 Putting his dead cigar in his mouth and
puffing as though it had been alight.
12. Having lost its active quality or virtue.
a. Of drink, etc.: That has lost its sharpness,
taste, or flavour; flat, vapid, insipid. ? Ods.
1552 Hu.oet, Dead, pale, or vinewed to be, as wyne
which hath lost his verdure, azuceo. 1580 Barer Alv. D
132 Dead and vnsauorie salt. 1596 NasHE Sa Walden
115 A cup of dead beere, that had stood pawling by him in
a pot three dayes. 1607 TorseLt /our-/. Beasts (1673) 430
If .. it [Musk] lose the savour and be dead. 1664 Evetyn
Pomona Advt., It will not ferment at all, and then the Cider
will be dead, flat, and soure. 1747 WESLEY Prim. Physic
(1765) 68 Dip a soft Rag in dead small Beer.
b. Dead lime: opposed to guich-lime; dead
steam, exhausted steam.
1831 Mech. Mag. XVI. 79 In certain circumstances
carbonate of lime is changed by burning into lime which
does not heat with water, and which is called dead lime.
1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Dead steam,
13. Without colour or brightness: +a. Of the
countenance, etc.: Deadly pale, wan. Oés.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Doctor's T. 209 Witha face deed as aisshen
colde. ¢1430 Lypc. Bochas 1. xx. 91 b, With pale and
dead visage. 1500-20 Dunsar Tua Maritt Wemen 420,
I drup with a ded luke, in my dule habit. 1567 R. Eowarps
Damon & Pithias in Hazl. Dodsley IV. 98 Why is thy
colour so dead? 1604 SHaxs. Oth. 1. iii. 177 Honest Iago,
that lookes dead with greeuing. 1668 Drypen Maiden
Queen 11. i, The dead colour of her face.
b. Of colour, etc.: Without brightness, dull,
lustreless. (See also DEAD COLOUR.)
1640 Parkinson Theat. Bot. 483 Such like flowers, but of
a sadder or deader colour. 1720 De For Caft, Singleton
viii. (1840) 138 A thick moss .. of a blackish dead colour,
1805-1 AR. Jameson Char. Min. 59 The principal colours are
divided into two series. .bright colours, [and] dead colours ;
red, green, blue, and yellow belong to the first ; and white,
grey, black, and brown, to the second. 1855 Brimtey Ess.
58 The deader green of ordinary foliage. 1874 Knicut
Dict. Mech., Dead-gold, the unburnished surface of gold or
gold-leaf..Parts of objects are frequently left unburnished
asa foil to the.. burnished portions. 1883 J. MiLLiIncTon
Are we to read backwards? 93 Paper of a brown or yellow
tint, with a dead or non-reflecting surface.
14. Of sound: Without resonance, dull, muffled,
1530 Lv. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 289 The lady
called them again, but..very softely, for it was with a dead
voice. 1580 Baret A/v. D 131 Ones voice. .neither dead in
sowne, nor ouer shrill. 1660 Boyte New Exp. Phys. Mech,
xxvii. 209 The Bell seem'd to sound more dead, 1675 Woop
Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) vee gd They _— so cast, severall
were found to be ugly dead bells. 1712 F. T. Shorthand 5
The sound of D S| like a flat dead T. 1783 BiaGpen in
Phil. Trans, LXXII1. 332 A solid. , metallic mass. . yielding
a dull dead sound like that metal [lead]. 1847 Mrs. Surr-
woop Fairchild Fam. 111. viii. 110 A dead sound of some
heavy, though soft body, in the. .act of falling.
15. Not fulfilling the normal and ostensible pur-
pose, (See also dead-door (in D. 2), DEAD-EYE,
DEAD-LIGUT I, DEAD WELL 2.)
1806 Forsytn Beauties Scotl. 1V. 381 A .. bridge .. over
the water of Bervie, the dead arches of which have been
fitted up as a town-hall. 1 Kuicut Dict. Mech., Dead
.-2. False; as of imitation doors and windows, put in as
architectural devices to balance parts.
III. Without animation, vigour, or activity ;
inactive, quiet, dull.
16. Without vigour or animation, lifeless.
axooo Seafarer 65 (Bosw.) Me hatran sind Dryhtnes
58
dreamas Sonne Sis deade lif. cxg22 Hoccteve Learn to Die
714 Where is your help now, where is your chiertee ?..al as
deed is as a stoon ? Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 691/1
true seruants we must as on
work with a dead hand (as the prouerb is). H.
RENCE Comm. Angells 167 Patience without is
deadest thing in the ¢ 1665 Mrs. Hutcuinson Mem.
Col. Hutchinson 24 Or can be ered from a bare dead
description. a17x9 Appison (J.), How cold and dead does
a prayer appear..when it is not heightened by solemnity of
phrase from the sacred writi seg Exrsaon Z, . Traits,
Race Wks. (Bohn) II. 22 Active intellect and Sead con-
servatism. , ‘
17. Without active force or practical effect ; in-
effectual, inoperative. (See also DEAD LETTER 1.)
¢ 1380 Wycuir Wks. (1880) 22 3if it be ded feip as fendis han.
c1400 Afol. Loll. 3 Seynt Jam seip, Feib wib outun werkis
is deed. 1548 in Vicary’s Anat. (1888) App. iii. 133 Good
and necessarye ordres ..with-out the which, all lawes and
ordenaunces..ar butt baryn, ded, and vayne. 1647 N.
Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. xvi, Nor was this a dead word ;
for the le had formerly a trick of deposing their Kings.
1842 7.50 Newsan Par. Serm. V1. xii. 179 To have been
so earnest for a dead ordinance. : i
18. Characterized by absence of physical activity,
motion, or sound; profoundly quiet or still.
(CEB. 4,)
1548 Hat Chron. 107 In the dedde tyme of the night.
1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 12 It was in_the
deadist time of winter. 1603 SHaxs. Meas. for M. Ww. ii. 67
Tis now dead midnight. a@a16r0 Knottes (J.), They came
in the dead winter to Sy 1863 KinGcLAKE Crimea
(1876) I. xiv. 294 The dead hours of the night.
19. Without alertness or briskness, inert.
1884 St, Fames's Gaz. 4 Apr. 6/1 His recovery [in rowing]
is dead, but his work strong. | :
20. Without commercial, social, or intellectual
activity; inactive, dull. (Of places, seasons, trade,
etc.).
1581 Ricne Farewell (Shaks. Soc.) 11 Traffique is so dead
by meanes of thes foraine broiles, that [etc.]. 1615 STEPHENS
Satyr. Ess. (ed. 2) 193 As much leasure .. in the most busie
Terme, as in the deadest Vacation. 1665 Surv. AZ. Nether.
25 Complaints against dead Trade. 1676 Tempe Let. to
Sir W. Godolphin Wks. 1731 11. 395 This Place is now as
dead as I have seen any great Town. 1758 JouNnson /dler
No. 55 P 10 Some [publishers] never had known such a dead
time. 1774 Foote Cozeners 1. Wks. 1799 II. 161 The town
is thin, and business begins to growdead. 1883 Froupe in
Mrs. Carlyle's Lett. 1. 59 It was the dead season; but
there were a few persons still in London. :
b. Of capital or stock: Lying commercially
inactive or unemployed, unproductive.
1570-1 GresHam Let, 7 Mar. in Burgon Life II. 421 There
is yet in the Towre xxv or xxx M @7. in Spannyshe monney ;
which is great pity should lye there dead and put to no use.
1622 Matynes Anc. Law-Merch. 325 They will not keep
it by them as a dead stocke .. they must imploy it in trade.
1691 Locke Lower. Interest 7 That so none of the money..
may lie dead. 1708 Lond. Gaz. No. 4419/6 A considerable
quantity of Arms and Ammunition, which were the dead
Stock of the African Company. 1729 Frankuin Ess. Wks.
(1840) II. 267 The money, which otherwise would have lain
dead in their hands, is made to circulate again. 1813 Sir S.
Romitty in Examiner 15 Feb. 101/2 A fund, out of which
part of this salary was proposed to be paid, was the Dead
Fund, amounting to pled 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. India
I. 1. iii. 44 The dead stock, as it is technically called.
ce. Of goods: Lying unsold, unsaleable, for
which there is no market.
1669-70 Drypen Tyrannic Love v.i, And all your goods
lie dead upon your hands. 1681 R. Knox Hist. Came in
Arb. Garner I. 390 And now caps were become a very d
commodity. 1879 Hisss in Cassedl's Techn. Educ. 1V. 263/2
A large quantity of finished articles lying as dead stock in
the market.
21. Of a ball in a game: Inactive (for the time
being), out of play.
1658 Ossorn Adv. Son (1673) 104 A_place that seems
equally inclined to different a gegen I would advise to
count it as Bowlers do, for dead to the t understand-
ing. 1828 Boy's Own Bk, Diversions (ed. 2) 55 If any player
shall stop the ball intentionally. .it shall then be considered
dead. 1844 Laws of Cricket xxxiii, If any fieldsman ae 4
the ball with his hat, the ball shall be considered di
1868 W. J. WuitmorE Croguet Tact. 9 The term ‘dead’
ball is borrowed from cricket, and means the ball which,
having just been played, has nothing actively to do for one
turn.
IV. Without motion (relatively or absolutely),
22. Of water, air, etc.: Without motion or cur-
rent; still, standing. (See also DEAD WATER.)
@ 1000 Gnomica ys Gr.) Deop deada waz di bid
lengest. a1 ELAND Codlect, (1774) I1. 546 The Water of
Forth Banokesburne, a deade depe Water. 1601
Hottanp Pliny (1634) I. 55 The dead and slow riuer Araris,
1653 WALTON Angler 91 As he [the Trout] growes stronger, he
$ from the dead, still water, into the s| streames and
vel. 1861 Hucues Jom Brown at Oxf. xxxvi, (1889)
357 wind had fallen dead. 1867 Baker Nile Trib, i.
‘The banks. .had evidently been overflowed during floods,
but at the present time the river was dead.
b. Mining. Having no current of air, unventi-
lated.
1867 W. W. Smitu Coal § Coal-mining 27 It would leave
the mass of the openings inside of the working ‘ bords’ dead
to
We
the
or stagnant.
23. Said of of machines or apparatus which
do not themselves rotate or move. (Cf. also dead-
rope (in D, 2), DEAD-CENTRE 2, -LINE I.)
a Grecory Mechanics 11. 474 One of these
called the dead pulley is fixed to the axis and turns with it.
1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Dead .. 3. Motionless; as the
dead spindle of a lathe, which does not rotate. 6
DEAD.
24, Characterized by complete and cessa~
tion of motion, action, or speech: as @ dead stop, a
mee Wine heat Cool
ARD . Cobler 19 Others ., are at a dead stand.
syne bra Tr Shandy Vit, xliii, My mule made a dead
point. 77s Map. D’Arsiay nowy Diary, Lett. Dr.
Burney +» My poor book—at a dead stop now. 1853
Lytton My Novel 1. xi, There was a dead _ pause.
The answer spoilt his joke, and
Dickens Gt. Expect. ix,
brought him toa
b. Characterized by abrupt sto of motion
without recoil ; cf DEAD BEAT sh.
1761 Hirst in Phil. Trans. LII. 396 It did not by J in
“Actembir for faadiar Longttade np (The tempat of oe
or. ng LONE: 29 m
watches is a dead one. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Dead.
stroke hammer, a power-hammer which delivers its blow
without being affected by the recoil of the shaft.
V. Unrelieved, unbroken ; absolute ; complete ;
utmost.
These senses arise out of several of the preceding (cf. 18,
22, 24)3 ‘and in some cases there is a blending of two oF
more notions.
25. Of a wall, level, etc.: Unbroken, unrelieved
by breaks or interruptions ; absolutely uniform and
continuous.
In dead level there is at once_the sense ‘ unreli un-
varied, monotonous’, and that of ‘ having no fall or inclina-
tion in any direction, absolute’.
1597 Bacon Coulers Good & Evil (Arb.) 143 It seemeth ..
a shorter distance .. if it be all dead and continued, then if
it haue trees or buildings or any other markes whereby the
eye may deuide it. 1670 DrypEen Cong. Granada ui, M1. i,
By the dead wall, you, Abdelmelech, wind. 1742 Pork
Dunc. w. 268 We bring to one dead level every mind. 1860
Tynpatt Glac, 1. xxil. 153, I become more weary upon
a dead level .. than on a steep mountain side. 1868 YaTEs
Rock Ahead u. i, On every hoarding and dead-wall. a
Lowett Democr. 19 To reduce all mankind to a dead lev.
of mediocrity.
+b. Flat. Obs.
1782 Specif. Conway's Patent No. 1310. 2 The oven..has
a se or A hank .
a ‘dead calm’..not a breath of wind stirring. 1847 Tenny-
son Princ, 1. 371 We heard In the dead Brush the papers
that she held Rustle.
27. Said of the lowest or stillest state of the tide,
as dead low water, dead neap: cf. 31.
1561 [see DEAD-wATER 3]. 1589 GREENE Mena, eo
¢ Ocean at his deadest ebbe returns to a full tide.
‘APT. SmitH Accid. Yung. Seamen 17 A lowe water, a dead
lowewater. a@x164r Spetman Hist, Sacrilege (1608) 285
Such a dead Neipe (as they call it) as no Man living was
known to have seen the like, the Sea fell so far back from the
Land at Hunstanton. 1679 Drypen 7roil. § Cr. Pref., At
high-flood of passion, even in the dead ehh, and lowest
water-mark of the scene. 1724 Lond. Gaz. No, 6290/3 At dead
Low-Water pn a a 1809 Rennect in Phil.
Trans. XCIX. 403 note, . accident at dead
crossed it at
neaps, 1857 LivincstonE 7¥av. xxxii. 669,
dead low-water,
28. In dead pull, dead strain, applied to the ab-
solute or utmost exertion of strength to move an
inert or resisting body; sheer; also to such tension
exerted without producing motion, See also DEap-
LIFT,
1812-6 Prayrair Nat. Phil. (1819) I. 109 The weight
which the animal exerting itself to find or ata dead
42, is just able to overcome. 185§ Bain Senses & nt. u.
li. § 12 This power taking the form of movement as
tinct from dead strain. Wueweit Hist, Induct, Sc.
by the exertion of the utmost strength
of each. 1890 B. L. Gitpersteeve “ss. 4 Stud. 64 There
are things that must be learned by a dead pull.
29. Pressing with its full or unrelieved weight
like an re bg wie body: see a ee:
1781 CowPEer ut royalty, nobility, and stat
Pgh a dead, ooapeetactaing weight. %
80. Said of a charge, expense, loss: Unrelieved,
absolute, complete, utter; also, of outlay, Unpro-
ductive, without returns. Dead rent: a fixed rent
which remains as a constant and unvarying charge
upon a mining concession, etc.
a. Burnet Own Time (1825) I. 452 The intrinsic
ith of the nation was very i when it could answer
such a dead charge. 1757 Jos. Harris Coins 79 The defi-
i upon the coins is so much di to the public.
2796 BK Regic. Peace i, Wks. VIII, 152 It required
a expence of three Millions 4 Scorr Let.
25 May in Lockhart, I am a sharer to extent of
on a railroad which will. .double the rent... but is
lay in the mean time. Consett Rur. Rides (1885) II.
colonies are a dead expense to bal go, onal
bitty of thei ever been as use, wo jJ.W.
in Law Times Rep. VIII. 428/2 royalty reserved
was fourpence a ton..the dead rent was 30/, a year.
81. Absolute, complete, entire, thorough, down-
1805 Scorr Let. to F. Ballantyne
12 Apr., This is a dead secret. 1878 Print, Trades Frni.
DEAD.
No. 25. 15 We know to a dead certainty that [etc.]. 1883
Century Mag. XXV. 372/2, 1 am in dead earnest.
b. Quite certain, sure, unerring. (Cf. dead cer-
tainty in prec. sense.) Dead shot, one whose aim
is certain death ; so dead on the bird.
@ 1592 GREENE Fas. /V, u1.i. 203/1, I am dead at a pocket
sir..I can..picke a purse as soone as any theefe in my
countrie. 168x CHeTHAM Angler's Vade-mt. x. § 4 (1689) 104
It’s a dead Bait fora Trout. 1776 F. Marion in Harfer’s
Mag. Sept. (1883) 547/2 It was so dead a shot they none of
them said a word. 1 Miss Mitrorp Village Ser. u.
(1863) 330 A silent, stupid, and respectable country gentle-
man, a dead vote on one side of the House. 1848 THACKERAY
Bk. Snobs vii, He is a dead hand at piquet. 1852 DickENs
Bleak Ho. xxvi, With a gun in his hand, with much the air
of a dead shot. 1874 Dasent Half a Life Il. 227 Those
who do so. .are almost always dead plucks.
ce. Exact.
Mod, Iron bars cut to a dead length are charged a little
more,
d. Direct, straight. Dead wind (Naut.): a wind
directly opposed to the ship’s course. (Cf. C. 3.)
1881 Daily Tel. 28 Jan., It was a dead head-wind. 1888
Harper's Mag. July 184 Keeping the sight of my rifle in
a dead line for Gobo’s ribs.
VI. 32. Phrases. a. Dead and gone (usually
in literal sense).
1482 Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 62 He fownde me ded and
gonne, 1523 SKELTONGar/. Laurel 1247 Of one Adame alla
knave, dede and gone. 1602 SHaxs. Ham, 1v. v. 29 He is
dead and gone Lady, he isdead and gone. 1737 Pore Hor.
Epist. u. i. 34 Advocates for folly dead and gone. 1840
Dickens Barn. Rudge xix, When she was dead and gone,
perhaps they would be sorry for it.
b. Dead as a door-nail, dead as a herring: com-
pletely or certainly dead.
1350 Will. Palerne 628 For but ich haue bote of mi bale
I am ded as dorenail. 1 Lanci. P. Pl. A. 1. 161 Fe
withouten fait is febelore pen nou3t, And ded as a dore-nayl.
1593 SHAKS. 2 Hen. VJ, 1v. x. 42 If I doe not leaue you all
as dead as a doore naile. [1598 Suaxs. Merry W. 11. iii.
12 By gar, de herring is no dead, so as I vill kill him.] 1664
Butter Hud. u. ili. 1148 Hudibras, to all appearing,
Believ’d him to ‘be dead as Herring. 1680 Orway Caius
Marius 57 As dead as a Herring, Stock-fish, or Door-nail.
1856 Reape Never too late 1x, Ugh ! what, is he, is he—Dead
as aherring. 1884 Pad/ Mall G. 29 May 5/2 The Congo
treaty may now be regarded as being as dead as a doornail.
ce. Dead horse: see HORSE.
da. Zo wait for dead men’s shoes: see SHOE.
§] The compar. deader and superl. deadest are in
use where the sense permits ; chiefly in ¢ransf.and
Jig. senses (¢.g. 4, 16, above).
B. sb.1 (or absol.)
1. a. sing. One who is dead, a dead person.
Formerly with a, and with possessive dead’s (dedes,
dedis). bb. pl. The dead.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 51 Al swa me dead bi be deade. cx
Cursor M. 18043 (Trin.) Pat dede [Lazarus] from dep to lif
he dizt. 1340 Ayend, 258 Huanne me yzi3p bere ane byrie
ts is tokne pet per is wypine a dyad. 1465 Paston Lett.
o. 510 II. 202 Tochyng the savacyon of the dedys gode.
1529 S. Fisu Supplic. iy 2 Or elles they will accuse
the dedes frendes. x60x SHaks, ¥d. C. 11. ii. 131, I rather
choose To wrong the dead.. Then I will wrong such
Honourable men. 1691 tr. Emilianne’s Frauds Rom.
Monks 32 The Dead, raising himself the third and last
time. 1850 Tennyson /7 Mem, Ixxxv, So hold I commerce
with the dead; Or so methinks the dead would say.
¢ 1000 Ags. Gosf. Matt. viii. 22 And let deade bebyrizean
hyra deadan. c 1200 Trix, Coll, Hom. 23 To demen be quike
and be deade. 1426 AUDELAY Varig | Vysyte the seke.. And
beré the ded. 1661 CowLry Disc. Govt. O. Cromwell, The
Monuments of the Dead. 1776 Apam Smitu W, N. v. ii.
(1869) II. 453 The transference of .. property from the dead
to the living. 1842 Tennyson 7wo Voices lxix, Nor canst
thou show the dead are dead.
ce. From the dead [orig. tr. Lat. @ mortuis, Gr.
éx vexpav, dnd Tay vexpav in N. T.]: from among
those that are dead; hence — death.
cgso Lindisf. Gosp. John ii. 22 Middy uutudlice arised
from deadum. 1340 Ayend, 263 Pane pridde day a-ros uram
pe dyade. 1587 . T. (Genev.) Rom. xi. 15 What shal the
receauing of them be, but lyfe from the dead? 1652
Garaxer Axtinom. 5 His rising from the ded. 1722 DE
For Col. Fack (1840) 299 This was a kind of life from the
dead to us both. 1862 Trotiore Orley F, xiii, Her voice
sounded. .like a voice from the dead.
2. =Dead period, season, or stage. Dead of night,
of winter: the time of intensest stillness, darkness,
cold, etc. ; =‘depth’ (of winter). + Dead of neap,
the extreme stage of neap tide. (Cf. A. 18, 27.)
1548 Hatt Chron. 109 b, In the dedde of the night .. he
brake up his campe and fled. ee Peernves Aineis Ww.
(Arb.) 113 Neere toe dead of midnight yt drew. 1601 SHAKs.
Twel, N.1. Vv. 290 Euen in the dead of night, 1613 SHeRLEY
Trav. Persia pha iourney was under-taken in the dead of
winter. 1793 SMEATON Edystone L. § 266 At dead of neap,
when the tides run less rapid. W. Irvine Salmag.
= (1860) = = the dead ip metore is without
charm. 1 ACAULAY Clive (x: 2: dead of night.
Clive marched out of the fort. wor ncaa
+3. =DEAD HEAT, Obs.
1635 Quarces E02. x.(D.), Mammon well follow’d, Cupid
bravely led; Both touchers ; equal fortune makes a dead.
4. Mining. Deads: earth or rock containing no
ore (see A, 10); esf. as thrown out or heaped to-
gether in the course of working.
1653 Mantove Riymed Chron. 271 Deads, Meers, Groves,
3671 Phil. Trans. VI. 2102 By Deads here are meant,
that part of the Shelf which contains no metal. 1757
59
Bortase 7d. L. 503 Noise..as if a studdle had broke, and
the deads were set a running [wofe, Loose rubbish and
broken stones of the mine]. 1851 KincsLey Yeast xiii. (D.),
A great furze-croft, full of deads (those are the earth-heaps
they throw out of the shafts). . :
+5. U.S. college slang. A complete failure in
‘recitation’. Ods.
a 1856 Harvard Reg. 378 in B. H. Hall College Was. &
Customs, One must stand up in the singleness of his ig-
norance to understand all the mysterious feelings connected
with a dead. 1857 Harvard Mag. Oct. 332, I had made
a dead that day, and my Tutor'’s rebuke had touched my
pride. ‘ A °
q 6. The absolute sense is also used at¢rid., as in
dead money, money paid for saying masses for the
dead; dead list, list of the dead, etc. See various
examples under D. 1, 2.
Grammatically, these pass back again into the adjective
uses in A, from which, in some cases, they are not easy to
separate, as dead meat, the flesh of slaughtered animals, or
flesh which is itself dead (in sense 1); dead wool, the wool of
dead or slaughtered sheep.
1476 Churchw. Acc. Croscombe (Somerset Rec. Soc.) 5
There is left of the ded money..xlvis j. 1692 Lutrrety
Brief Rel. (1857) 11. 544 Some .. in the dead list were
not killed, but made prisoners. a 1845 Mrs. Bray Narleigh
xlii. (1884) 304 Examined into by the ‘dead jury’, for so
was an inquest termed, at the date of our tale. 1851 May-
HEW Lond, Labour 1. 177 ‘Dead salesmen’. .that is, the
market salesmen of the meat sent..ready slaughtered. 1867
Smytu Sailor's Word-bk. s.v., Persons dying on board. .are
cleared from the ship’s books by a dead-ticket, which must
be filled up in a similar manner to the sick-ticket. 1880
Victorian Rev. Feb. 664 Unlimited supplies of dead beef
available for export from the United States.
C. adv.
1. Ina manner, or to a degree, characteristic of or
suggesting death; with extreme inactivity, stillness,
etc.; utterly, profoundly, absolutely (as dead asleep,
dead calnt) ; to extremity, ‘to death’ (as dead run,
dead tired). Cf.also dead sick (in D. 2), DEAD
DRUNK, etc.
Often connected with the qualified word by a hyphen, and
thus passing into combinations.
(1393 Gower Conf. III. 259 Wherof she swouned in his
honde, And as who saith lay dede oppressed.] 1596 R.
L{tncue] Diella (1877) 61 Leaden-footed griefe, Who
neuer goes but with a dead-slowe pace. «@1631 Laup
Serm. (847) 125 Elias bid them cry louder; their God was
‘asleep ’.. Yes, dead asleep. 1637 RutHerForD Let?é. (1862)
I. 267 Deferred hopes need not make me dead-sweir (as we
used to say). 1727 BrapLey Fam. Djct. s.v. Hart, Dead
run deer have upon occasion taken very great leaps. 1818
Keats Exdym.t. 405 As dead-still asa marble man. 1840
R. H. Dana Bef. Mast x. 24 In a few minutes it fell dead
calm. 1842 Mrs. Cartyte Left. I. 157 For all so dead-
weary as I lay down. Jdid. I. 160 Whether I fainted, or
suddenly fell dead-asleep. 1861 Hucues Tom Brown at
Oxford vi. (1889) 51 To drive into Farringdon. .both horses
dead done up. 188x Times 25 July 4/5 Her engines were
going dead slow.
b. With absolute or abrupt cessation of motion
(or speech). (Cf. A. 24.)
1856 WuytTe MELVILLE Kate Cov., My companion stopped
dead short and concealed her blushes in a glass of champagne.
1865 Dickens Mut. #7. u. iv, He stopped dead.
ce. With the full weight of an inert body. (Cf.
A. 29.)
1875 J.C. Witcocxs Sea Fisherman 83 What is this on
my line which hauls as dead as if I had hooked a weed ?
. Hence more generally: Utterly, entirely, abso-
lutely, quite. (Cf. A. 31.)
1589 NasuE Almond for Parrat 5 b, Ohhe is olde dogge at
expounding, and deade sure ata Catechisme. 1741 RIcHARD-
son Pamela (1824) I. 62 A dead-spiteful, grey, goggling eye.
1826 Disraeti Viv. Grey 1. v, He cut the Doctor quite dead
to-day. 1857 R. Tomes Amer. in Yapan ix. 196 Before the
rice is ‘dead ripe’. 1860 Hoox Lives Adéps. (1862) II. ii.
93 Only one horse ..which soon became dead lame, 1888
GreenweLt Gloss. Coal Tr. Terms Northumb. & Durh.
(ed. 3) 2 The small coals .. are then passed over a second
skreen, [to separate] the nuts .. and the dead small, or duff
which falls through the skreen.
3. Directly, straight. Dead against: lit in
a direction exactly opposite to one’s course (so
dead on end); fig. (in a way) directly or utterly
opposed to. (Cf. A. 31d.)
1800 C. Sturt in Naval Chron. IV. 394 Carrying me dead
upon the Shambles. 1840 Dickens Pearn. Rudge xxxiii,
e wind and rain being dead against me. 1840 R. H.
Dana Bef. Mast iv. 7 We continued running dead before
the wind. 1851 Dixon W. Penn ix. (1872) 77 The council-
lors were dead against his prayer. x75 4 C. Witcocks
Sea Fisherman 109 Observing .. that .. the wind was dead
on end, and the sail ‘ would not be a ha'porth of good’,
D. Combinations (of the adj. or sd.).
1, General combs. a. With other adjectives or
pti ro (in adjectival or advb. const.) =‘ so as to
e or seem dead, as if dead, to death, etc.’, as in
dead-blanched, -cold, -drifting, -frozen, -grown,
~heavy, -killing, -live (cf. DEAD-ALIvE), -living,
- re, -set, - ding, -speaking, -wounded;
b. parasynthetic, as dead-coloured, -eyed, DEAD-
HEARTED; @, attributive combs, of the sb. = ‘of
the dead’, as + dead-burier, dead-land.
1879 Browninc Halbert § Hob 42 Temples, late black,
*dead-blanched. 1535 CovERDALE Ezek. xxxix. 14 They
ordene men also to be *deedburiers. 16rx Beaum.
é Fi. Maid’s Trag. 11, ii, Two *dead-cold aspicks. 61x
R.» Blaime, pale .. whitish, *dead coloured, 1818
Keats Zndym, ut, 411 A swoon Left me *dead-drifting to
DEAD.
that fatal power. 1370 Ane Tragedie 16 in Sat. Poems
Ref. (1890) I. 83 Paill of the face..*Deid eyit, dram lyke,
disfigurat was he. 1594 Kyp Cornelia u. in Hazl. Dodsley
Vv. 30 a & *dead-grown joys. 1819 Keats Sonn., Picture
- eander, See how his body dips *Dead-heavy. 1593
Has. Lucy. 540 With a cockatrice *dead-killing eye. 1594
— Rich. ITT, ww. i. 36 This dead-killing newes. 1871 TyLor
Prim, Cult, U1. 281 Mictlanteuctli, ruler of the dismal *dead-
land in the shades below. 1591 SyLvEsTER Du Bartas 1.
iii. 945 Th’admired Adamant, Whose *dead-live power my
Reasons power doth dant. 1605 /éid. u. iii, Lawe 694
(D.) He smot the sea with his *dead-liuing rod. 1598 /écd.
ul. i, Jposture 260 *Dead-seeming coals but quick. 1820
Scotr Monast. iii, Her quivering lip, and *dead-set eye.
1726 Leoni A lberti’s Archit, I. 42a, Of Stones, some. .are
heavy and sonorous; others are... light, and *dead sounding.
1598 SytvesterR Du Bartas u. ii. 1v. Columnes 717 The
Guide of supplest fingers On (living-dumb, *dead-speaking)
sinnew-singers. c1400 Dest. Troy 6528 All pat met hym..
Auther dyet of his dynttes, or were *ded wondit,
2. Special combs. dead angle (/ortif.), ‘any
angle of a fortification, the ground before which is
unseen, and therefore undefended from the parapet’
(Stocqueler MJ2lit. Encycl.); + dead-birth: see
BirtH 3b; dea‘d-cart, a cart in which dead
bodies are carried away (e.g. during pestilence) ;
dea‘d-clothes, the clothes in which the dead are
dressed; dead dipping, a process by which a
‘dead’ or dull surface is given to ornamental brass-
work (Ure Dict. Arts 1875); also dead-dipped
Ppl. a.; dead doors (Nazt.), doors fitted to the out-
side of the quarter-gallery doors, to keep out water
in case the quarter-gallery should be carried away
(Weale 1850) ; dead-dress = dead-clothes ; dead-
end, a closed end of a water-pipe, passage, etc.,
through which there is no way; also attrid.; dead-
file=dead-smooth file; dead fin, name for the
second dorsal fin of a salmon ; dea‘d-fire, the lumi-
nous appearance called St. Elmo’s Fire, supersti-
tiously believed to presage death; dead-flat (Vauz.),
that timber or frame in a ship that has the greatest
breadth ; the midship-bend (Weale 1850); dead-
freight, the amount paid for that part of a vessel
not occupied by cargo, when the vessel is chartered
for a lump sum; dea‘d-hole (see quots. and cf.
DEAD-WELL 1); dea‘d-house, a building or room
in which dead bodies are kept for a time, a mor-
tuary; dead-latch (see quot.) ; dead march, a
piece of solemn music played at a funeral proces-
sion, esp. at a military funeral; a funeral march ;
dea‘d-office, the office or service for the burial of
the dead ; dead oil, a name given to those pro-
ducts of the distillation of coal-tar which are heavier
than water ; also called heavy o7/; dead-plate, an
ungrated iron plate at the mouth of a furnace, on
which coal is coked before being pushed upon the
grate; +dea‘d-pledge = MortG ace; dea‘d-ri‘sing
(Naut.), ‘those parts of a ship’s floor or bottom,
throughout her whole length, where the floor-tim-
ber is terminated upon the lower futtock’ (Falconer,
Mar, Dict. 1830); dea‘d-room, a room in which
dead bodies are kept ; dead rope, (2) a rope that
does not run in a block or pulley (Phillips 1706) ;
cf. A. 23; (6) a bell-rope working on a half-wheel,
for chiming ; dead-share (see quot. 1867, and cf.
Deapb pay); dead sheave, ‘a scored aperture in
the heel of a top-mast, through which a second
top-tackle pendant can be rove’ (Smyth, Saz/or’s
Word-bk.) ; dead-shore (see quot.) ; dead-sick a.,
(a) as sick as one can be, prostrate with sickness ;
++ (0) sick unto death, death-sick (common in Cover-
dale) ; + dea‘d-slayer, one guilty of manslaughter ;
dead-smooth a@., said of the finest quality of file ;
dead-space; see quot.; dead-stroke (4z//iards),
see quot.; dea‘d-struck, + -strooken ///. a.,
struck dead; jig. struck with horror, paralyzed,
etc.; +dead-sweat, the cold sweat of death:
=death-sweat; dea'd-tops, a disease of trees (see
quot.) ; hence dead-top a/trib.; dead-turn : see
quot. ; + dead wed (Sc. wad) =MortTGacE. See
also following words, DEAD-ALIVE to DEAD-WoRK.
1685 Cooke Marrow Chirurg. vil. ii. 269 The round [Birth-
wort] is... more effectual in moving speedily the Menses,
*dead-Birth, and after-Birth. 1722 De For Plague (1840)
35 Many .. were .. carried away in the *dead-carts. 1887
Pall Mail G, 18 Mar. 2/2 In Monte Video. .the dead carts
pass through the streets with dead and dying all mixed up.
1861 Ramsay Remin, Ser. u. 5 ‘Those are fine linens you
have got Love aroatey *Troth, mem..they’re just the
gudeman's *deed claes.’ 1888 Contemp. Rev. Mar. The
men set themselves to dig out actual catacombs, while the
women made dead-clothes. 1866 Timmins /udustr. Hist.
Birmingham 300 Burnishing. .furnishes a contrast to other
portions of *dead dipped work. /did.299 Dead dipping. .has
now become the recognized mode of finish where acid is
employed. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 299/2 ‘Dead’
dipping roduces a beautiful frosted ap; ce on the work.
1854 H. Mitter Sch. § Schm. vii. (1857) 138 Like the pointed
tags that roughen a *dead-dress. 1886 Pad/ Mail G, 12 Oct.
2/t There are, of course, fire-cocks and valves on *dead-ends,
but these are not efficient to thoroughly free water-pipes
from incrustations and deposits. G. Finpray Exg.
Railway 199 This is what is termed a ‘dead-end’ warehouse
8*-2
DEAD.
. the waggons come in and go out the same way, and cannot
be taken through the warehouse. 1865 J. G. Bertram
Harvest of Sea msl Ad About 1300 of these [salmon] were
marked the *dead or second dorsal fin . ty |
to the cross-trees.
* It’s all over with us now, master,’ said I. 1730-6 Baitey
being full, or the Freight paid by the Merchant, by agree-
ment, tho’ he has not sent his full Compliment of ison
rd. 1880 Clause in Charter-parties, Captain or Owners
to have an absolute lien on the
freight, and Demurrage due to the ship under this Charter
Party. 1856 rul. R. Agric. Soc. XVI1. 1. 504 For these
*dead-holes we would substitute cesspools .. ‘The open cess-
pools, or dead-holes, which are too frequently used. 1833
Edin. Rev. LVI. 348 The keeper of the *dead-house,
1850 Ecclesiologist X. 339 To the right of the lich-gate we
have placed the ‘Dead-House’. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech.,
* Dead-latch, a kind of latch whose bolt may be so locked by
a detent that it cannot be opened from the inside by the
handle or from the outside by the see ees 1603 KNoLLES
Hist. Turks 827 The ensigns were. .let fall. .a *dead march
sounded, and heavy silence commanded to be kept through
all the Campe. 1852 Dickens Bleak Ho. xxi, ‘That's the
Dead March in Saul. They bury soldiers to it. 1858 FaBer
Life Xavier 446 Where there was no Christian burial
ground, he dug the grave with his own hands, buried them,
and then recited the *Dead-Office on the spot. 1849
MansriE-p in Yrud. Chem. Soc. 1, 250 The heavy oil whose
extrication forms the second period of the process, is techni-
cally called ‘*dead oil’. 1854 Ronatps & RicHARDsON
Chem. Technol, (ed. 2) 1. 135 More heat [is] applied, until
the distillation of the dead oil is complete. 1878 Ure
Dict. Arts U1. 395 The dead oils .. are found in the very
last portions that pass in the distillation of coal-tar. 1855
Larpner Museum Sc. §& Art V, The fuel .. should be
laid on that part of the grate nearest to the fire door,
called the *dead plates. 1881 Ravmonp Mining Gloss. s.v.,
‘The gases evolved on the dead-plate pass over the grate
and are burned. 1658 Puituirs, *Dead pledge, land or
moveables pawned for money, which is to be the Credi-
tours for ever, if the money be not repaid at the time
agreed on; it is also called Mortgage. 1664 E. BusHNeLL
Compl. Shipwright 10 Then I set off the *Dead Rising.
1691 T. H[ate] Acc. New Invent. 120 The. .Stern-post, and
Dead-rising up the Tuck. c18s0in Rudin. Navig. (Weale)
114. 1835 Wiis Pencillings I. i. 16 My friend proposed
to me to look into the *dead-room. 1751 Cuambers Cyc/.
Supp.,* Dead ropes, ina ship, are such as are not running,
i.e. do not run in any block. 1846-54 OLiver Monasticon
Exon. 269 Rung with a half wheel, or dead rope. 1872
Extacompe Bells of Ch. x. 359 At this time .. the bells
were altered from the dead rope pull tothe sally. 1517
in Archxologia XLVII. 311 For xviij *dedshares.. at
v.s. a moneth—vj. li. vj.s, 1867 SmytH Sailor's Word-bk.,
Dead-shares, an allowafce formerly made to officers of the
fleet, from fictitious numbers borne on the complement
(temp. Henry VIII.), varying from fifty shares for an
admiral, to half a share for the cook’s mate. 1857 J. G.
Wikinson Egyptians t. Pharaohs 112 A single square sail
..raised or lowered by lifts running in *dead-sheeve holes at
the top of the mast. 1823 in P. Nicnotson Pract. Build.
584 *Dead-shoar. 18530 Weare Dict. Terms, Dead shore,
a piece of timber worked up in brickwork to support a
superincumbent mass until the brickwork which is to carry
it has set or become hard, 1535 CovERDALE 2 Avngs xx. 1
At that tyme was Ezechias *deedsicke. [So Isa. xxxviii. 1,
John iv. 47, etc.) cx62x S. Warp Life of Faith (1627) 88
When thou .. (as in a Sea-sicknesse) art dead sicke for the
present, remember thou shalt be the better..after. 1535
CoverDALE Yosh. xx. 2 Fre cities..that a *deed sleyer
which sleyeth a soule vnawar -may flye thither.
1 Knicut Dict. Mech. s.v., The grades [of files] are
as iollows :—Rough. Middle-cut. Bastard. Second-cut.
Smooth. *Dead-smooth. 1884 F. J. Brirren Watch §
Clockm. 79 Dead Smooth, .the cut of the finest kind of file.
1887 Brunton Pharmacology, etc. (ed. 3) 1100 "Dead-space:
this name has been given by O. Liebreich to the part of
a fluid in which no reaction occurs between substances
dissolved in it... If the mixture be placed in horizontal
capillary tubes the dead-space is at each end of the liquid.
pe Cavenpisu & Bennett Billiards 193 A *dead-stroke
is played by striking the white gently in the centre, or, if
anything, very slightly below it. @1593 Martowr Hero §
Leander 1, 121 With fear of death *dead-strooken, 1597-8
Br. Hatt Saé. 1 iii, (T.), [To] appall The *dead-struck
audience. 1839 Darcey /ntrod. Beaum. § Il. Wks. 1. 31
Shakspeare himself scrawls bytimes with a dead-struck
hand. 1609 Hottann Amm. Marcell. 390 Having a
*dead sweat comming all over him, he died within a while
after. 1706 Puittirs (ed. Kersey), eager ac ey a Disease
in Trees: For large Plants that upon their Removal have
had their tops cut off, are apt to die from the Place they
were cut off at, to the next Sprig, or Branch. ax1z1r Ken
Sion Poet. Wks. 1721 IV. 320 When they saw a dead-to’
Oak decline. 1888S. P. Tompson Dynamo-Electr. Mach.
(ed. 3) 405 In every d 0 the current..is proportional to
the speed less a certain number of revolutions per second,
The Tatter number is familiarly known as the *dead-turns.
1340 Ayend, 36 Hy betakep hyre londes and hare —e
ine wed and *dead wed. 1609 Skene Reg. May. 50 The
secund. .ane deidwad. .is forbiddin in the Kings court to be
ie or vsed. Because it is esteemed to be ane kinde of
ocker or vsurie.
Dead, sv.2 Also 3-6 ded, dede, 4- deid. The
northern form of the word Dearu, formerly in
regular use with Northern writers (dede), and still
dialectal in Scotch (ded, pronounced dzd), esp. in
certain locutions, e. g. ¢éved to dead (deid), to be the
dead (deid) vA any one. Also in many combinations,
as dead-bell, dead-candle, dead-rattle, dead-spoke,
dead-thraw, etc. For examples of the simple word,
see the 8 forms under the various senses of DEATH
sb.; for the combinations see under the standard
English forms DEATH-BELL, DEATH-THROE, etc.
60
In some nalanane & is difficul ne deice ar dopa to
bination is the sb.=death, or t ousionry 2 it
is evident that later writers have often used phrases and
combinations containin; sb., with the notion that it was
the adj. Thus dead-bell could easily be understood as the
bell of the dead, or rung for the dead, dead-sweat as the
sweat characteristic of the dead.
+ Dead (ded), v. Ods. exc. in local or nonce-use ;
replaced by DeapEN. Forms: 1 déadian, 4-5
dede, 5-9 dead. [OE. déadian (also adéadian) to
become dead (corresp. to a Gothic *daudén), f.
déad, Dead a, Branch II corresponds in sense to
OE. diedan, dydan to kill (Gothic *daudjan, Ger.
tédten) ; but is app. only a transitive use of the
Sa are intr. vb.]
. intr. 1. To become dead. a. Zit. To die.
6950 Lindisf. Gosp. John viii. 2x And in synno iuero
deadazed. [c975 Rushw. Gosf., In synnum iowrum Ze
deodizad.] [c10go Gloss. in Wr.-Wiilcker 408/6 Fatescit,
adeadap.] ¢1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 752 The seed of thorn
in it wol dede and dote. c1425 Seven Sag. 623 (P.) The
holde tre bygan to dede.
b. fig. To lose vitality, force, or vigour ; to be-
come numb; to lose heat or glow.
1384 Cuaucer //. Fame nu. 44 Al my felynge gan to dede.
Pi a hems Sylva § 774 Iron, as soon as R is out of the
Fire, deadeth straight-ways. 1654 FuLLER Ephemeris Pref.
5 Their loyalty flatteth and deadeth by degrees.
2. U.S. college slang. ‘To be unable to recite ;
to be ignorant of the lesson ; to declare one’s self
unprepared to recite’ (B. H. Hall College Was. &
Customs, 1856).
1848 Oration before H. L. of I. O. of O. F., Be ready, in
fine, to cut, to drink, to smoke, to dead.
II. érans.
3. To make dead (#. and fig.) ; to cause to die;
to put to death, kill, slay, destroy.
©1340 Cursor M. 13070 (Fairf.) Herodias couet Iohn to
dede. ¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 1. iv. 127 Aftir pat pe body
is dedid by pe debe. 1591 SpeNseR Jeares of Muses 210
Our pleasant Willy..is dead ..With whom all joy and jolly
merriment Is also deaded. 1594 Nasue Unfort. Trav. 52
Tree rootes..stubbed downe to the ground, yet were they
not vtterly deaded. c 1624 Lusnincton Resurr. Serm. in
Phenix (1708) I. 480 This would murder His divinity, and
dead His immortality. 1677 Gate Crt. Gentiles 11. 1v. 140
By burning to set a marque, or to dead the flesh.
4. fig. To deprive of some form of vitality ; to
deaden: a. To deprive of sensation or conscious-
ness ; to stupefy, kenumb.
1382 Wycuir 1 Sam. xxv. 37 And the herte of hym with yn
forth is deed [v.7. deadyd, deadid, dedid]. 1 B. Jonson
Ev. Man out of Hum, 1. iii, O my senses, Why lose you not
your powers, and become Dull’d, if not deaded, with this
spectacle? 1641 Frencu Distild. iv. (1651) 96 It. .quickens
any deaded member, as in the palsie. 1692 R. L’Estrance
Josephus’ Antiz. v1. x, His hearing was deaded and lost.
b. To deprive of force or vigour.
1586 Efit. Sidney Spenser's Wks. (Globe) 572/2 Endlese
griefe, which deads my life, yet knowes not how to kill.
a@ 1631 Laup Serm. (1847) 13 Let nothing dead your spirits
in God's and your country’s service. 1653 A. Witson Jas. /,
gs This. .deaded the matter so, that it lost the Cause. 1687
SHADWELL Fuvenal Ded, Aiijb, In all Paraphrases upon
the Greek and Roman Authors. .the Strength and Spirit of
them is deaded, and in some quite lost.
e. To render spiritually dead.
1656 R. Ropinson Christ al/ 108 Carnal security deads the
heart. 1676 Hace Contemfi. 1. (1689) 281, I have been very
jealous .. of wounding .. or ee ey conscience.
d. To make dead or insensible 40 something.
1612 T. Taytor Comm. Titus i. 7 Drunkennes is..an
oppressing, and deading of it [the heart] unto dutie. 1655
URNALL Chr. in Arm. (1669) 175/1 The sense of this Gospel-
peace will dead the heart to the creature.
5. To deprive of its active or effective physical
quality; to deaden, make ‘ dead’, extinguish.
r6rr Cotcr., Buffeté .. deaded, as wine that hath taken
wind, or hath beene mingled with water. 1626 Bacon Sy/va
§ 158 If a Bell hath Cloth or Silk wrapped about it, it
deadeth the Sound more. 1652 J. WriGut tr. Cantus’
Nature's Paradox 100 The Ashes of Love, whose coals
were deaded on a sodain. 1657 W. Cotes Adam in Eden i,
{Walnut oil] is better for Painters’ use to illustrate a white
colour than Linseed Oyl, which deadeth it. 1719 D’Urrry
Pills (1872) V. 163 Common Prey so deads her Dart, It
scarce can wound a noble Game. 1748 THomson Cast. /ndol.
1. Ixvi, When .. thy toils .. Shall dead thy fire, and damp
its bagrealy spark. /
6. To check, retard (motion or force); to destroy
the force or effect of (a missile, etc.).
1602 Carew Cornwall 158 by Great trusses of hay.. to
blench the defendants sight, and dead their shot. 1626
— Fond § 15 Yet ER song ag pagectin Motion. 1663
erys Diary 1 Ir. ich. .in dry er, turns to dust
and deads the ball. ” Y
« Hawtnorne in /arfer’s Mag. Aug. Whose. .
enauhy, : What is ethics?’ had tea poy ab rte
«student,
Dead, obs. form of Drxp.
Dea‘d-ali've, z. Also (chiefly UV. .S.), dead-
and-alive. Dead while yet alive; alive, but with-
out animation ; dull, inactive, spiritless.
1591 Sy.vester Du Bartas 1. v. 953 Leaving a Post-hume
(dead-alive) seed behind her. 1617 Cortins Def Sp. Ely
DEAD DRUNK.
ithe Menke that lines in slenama aad ean ie, and
is deadaliue. 1 ee
this j a very dead and alive manner. 1868 Ho-me
EE B. XXVL. I i os -alive place.
Hence Dead-ali:
vism.
1887 Jessore Arcady 170 Dismal, dull, dead-alivism.
Dead beat, dea'd-beart, sd.! (a.) Watch and
Clock-making, etc. EAD a. 24b.] A beat or
stroke which stops ‘ ’ without recoil. Usually
cr < ea as in dead-beat escapement.
bg tr. P. Le 's Attempts finding Longitude 29 Thi
ala baie Wiaieen ara t Bh Gactaeesiedl wih Yon
regulator. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Dead-beat Escape-
ment. This..was invented by Graham about 1700. ir
Maxwe ti Electr. § Magn. 11.351 Galvanometers, in which
the resistance is so great that the motion is of this kind, are
called dead-beat galvanometers. 1882 J. Mitne in Nature
XXVI. 628 Pendulums, so far controlled by friction as to
be ‘dead-beat’.
pad aaa dea'd-bea‘t, 7//. a. (sd.2) [Dzap
eX; 2:
A. adj. (or pa. pple.) Completely ‘ beat’, utterly
exhausted. ps 0
1821 P. Ecan Tom § Ferry (1890) 34 So dead-beat, as to
be compelled to cry for quarter. 1836 Hook G. Gurney I.
218, I never was so dead beat in my life. 1887 Sir R. H.
Roserts /# the Shires ii. 30 His horse lay dead beat in
a ditch beside him.
B. sb. slang (U.S.). A worthless idler who
sponges on his friends ; a sponger, loafer.
1877 Brack Green Past. xli. (1878) 325 A system of local
‘overnment controlled by 30,000 bummers, loafers, and dead-
ats. 1882 B. Harte Flip ii, Every tramp and
you've met.
Dead-bell: see DEATH-BELL.
Dea‘d-born, 7//. a. Now chiefly dia/. Born
dead, still-born.
ex King of Tars 914 The child ded-boren was.
Cath. Angl. 93 Dedeborne .. abortinus. 1613 Purcuas
Pilgrimage vu. xiii. 812 Children which were dead-borne.
1 Bianp in Phil. Trans. LX XI. 357 The number of the
children that were dead-born, 1840 i. Bremner £.xcurs.
Denmark, etc. 11. 396 The dead-born and those who long
wielded the sceptre, are laid side by side.
b. Fe. ;
a 1300 Cursor M. 26500 (Cott.) pe dedis..pat forwit ded
born ware, Pai mai be quickend neuer mare. 1725 Pore
Odyss. xx. 354 A ian Peer..who teem’d with many
a dead-born jest. 1738 — Zfil. Sat. u. 226 All, all but
‘Truth, drops dead-born from the Press. Macautay
Southey, Ess. (1848) 1. 222 The History.. is already dead :
indeed, the second volume was deadborn. Cartyte Fr.
Rev. 1, v. viii. 247 Messieurs of the | Brogiie-
Ministry.
Deadbote: see DEDBOTE.
Dea‘d-ce:ntre. Mech. 1. =Dxap-pornr.
1874 in Sfon’s Dict. Engineering 161.
2. Ta a lathe, a centre which does not revolve »
see CENTRE 5.
1879 Horrzarrret Turning wv. 44 The dead centre with
loose pulley. /did,. 45 The dead center lathe,
Dea‘d co:lour. /ainting. [Dgap a. 13 b.]
The first or preparatory layer of colour in a paint-
ing. So Dea‘d-co:lour v. /vans., to paint in dead
colour; Dea‘d-co:louring v?/. sd.
W. Sanverson Graphice 63 First to speak of dead-
fen 1672 in H. Wacrote Vertue'’s Anecd. Painting
(1786) III. 128, 5 June, Dr. Tillotson sat .. to Mr. Lely for
him to lay in a colour of his picture. 1788 Sir J.
Reynops Disc, xiv. (1876) 94 That lightness of hand whi
was in his dead colour, or first painti (ears
in Flagg Life W. Allston (1893) 182 This color I paint
on AR good body ot ba Pics
. SANDERSON Gra, ures a
Master, begun, and AE pe mecedh only. 1668 py Hatt ool
i need not be
the second
of Pen & Pencil 82 In this Dead-colourin,
over curious .. colours may be at
ration. /éid. 101 For a light-red Garment, first dead-
r it with Vermilion. fae Imison Sch. Art II. 58
After the student has cov over, or as artists term it,
has Seed the heed. am Gutuick & Timus Paint.
The Dead-colourin, or ory painting,
and is so termed becaties the colours are faid cold od galt
to admit of the after-paintings.
Dead-day: see DeaTu-Day.
+ Dea‘d-do'ing, #//. a. Obs. ‘Doing to death’,
killing, murderous.
1590 er /, Q. u. iii, 8 Hold your dead-doing hand.
1594 — Amoretti i, lilly hands, Which hold my life
in their dead-d might. 2 A B. Jonson Tale Tud u. i,
Put up..Your htful blade, and your d ing look.
1 res Arner Magn. Chr. 1. ii. (1852) 53 Such dead-
é2ing things, as powder and shot. 1778 Wesusy Wks.
(1872) XI. 150 These ae men.
dea'd-dru'nk, «a. [Dzap
adv. 1: cf. dead-sick in Dead D.2.] So drunk as
to be insensible or unable to moye, in a state of
prostration through intoxication. Hence Dead-
bg naa D: D. P vij, They .. receive .. the
ts , o¢ e
aon through or an Bi doune Dead-drunke.
1604 Suaxs. Oth. u. iii oe Drypen Wild Gallant
v. il. 12709 Sreete Tatler No. 5 ? x Cupid is not Blind
at present, but Dead-drunk, 1840 Mrs. Cartyte Lett, I.
yes My pepivent wes W70g the floor, dead-drunk. 1837
Hawruorne 7wice Told T., David Swan, An awful instance
of dead drunkenness. } prey:
DEADEN.
Deade, obs. form of Dzap, DEED.
Deaded £7. a.: see DEAD 2. 4.
Deaden (ded’n), v. [f. DEAD a. + -EN5: a
comparatively recent formation, taking the place
of the earlier DEAD v.]
I. 1. intr. To become dead (Zt. and fig.); to
lose vitality, force, vigour, brightness, etc.
1723 Lond. Gaz. No. 6171/3 The Wind deadning .. we
coe not make the Way we expected. 1801 SouTHEY
Thalaba xu. viii, The dash Of the out-breakers deaden’d.
1835 New Monthly Mag. XLIII. 157 ‘The bells, which you
hear loudly at first, begin todeaden. 1869 LoweLt Pictures
from Afppledore v1, Yet they momently cool and dampen
and deaden.
IL. ¢vans.
2. To deprive of life, kill (e.g. the tissues).
1807-26 S. Coorer First Lines Surg. (ed. 5) 145 By which
..some of the fibres around the track of the ball are dead-
ened. JZod. To deaden the nerve of the tooth.
b. spec. (U.S.) To kill (trees) by ‘girdling’, z.e.
cutting out a section of the bark all round ; to clear
(ground) by killing the trees in this manner.
1775 Apair Amer. Ind. 405 They deadened the trees by
cutting through the bark. 1855 W. Sarcent Braddock’s Ex-
ed. 84 A good woodsman will soon deaden a number of acres,
which by the next seed-time will be ready for cultivation.
3. fig. To deprive of vitality, force, or sensibility ;
to benumb, to dull.
1684-9 T. Burnet 7%. Earth (J.), We will..by a soft
answer deaden their force by degrees, 1712 AppISsoN Sect.
No. 487 ?3 That Activity which is natural to the human
Soul, and which is not in the power of Sleep to deaden or
abate. 1798 T. Jerrerson Wit. (1859) IV. 205 It deadens
also the demand for wheat. 1863 WuyTEe MELVILLE Gladia-
tors II, 105 Any anodyne that could deaden or alleviate her
pain. 1876 Moztey Univ. Serm. vi. (1877) 129 To benumb
and deaden worship.
b. To render dead or insensible éo.
a 1690 E. Horxins Serv. Acts xxvi. 28 (R.) How deadned
are they to those sinful ways, which before they much
delighted in? 1874 Green Short Hist. viii. § 1. 447 Its [the
Bible’s] words. .fell on ears which custom had not deadened
to their force and beauty.
4. To deprive of some effective physical quality :
a. To deprive of lustre or brilliancy ; to make dull
in colour or aspect ; to give a dull surface to (metal,
glass, etc.) : see DEAD a. 13 b.
1666 Pepys Diary 24 Oct., He.. lays the fault of it upon
the fire, which deadened. . the glory of his services. 1706
Pore Let. to Walsh 2 July, In painting, a man may lay
colours one up n another, till they stiffen and deaden the
piece. 1799 G. Smitu Laboratory I. 185 How to deaden
the glass and fit it to paint upon. 1855 OwEN Avat. lertebr.
Anim. ii. (L.), [It] deadens the whiteness of the tissue.
b. To deprive (liquor) of sharpness or flavour, to
make vapid. ¢. To make (sound) dull or indistinct.
d. To reduce (quicksilver) from the liquid to the
granular state in the process of amalgamation.
1683 Tryon Way to Health 208 Nothing..does more
deaden and flat the Spirits, especially in green Herbs, than
slack Fires. 1725 [see DEADENED]. 1828 WessTER, Deaden
.. to make vapid or spiritless; as, to deaden wine or beer.
1828 Scotr /. MZ. Perth xxvii, To shut out, or deaden at
least, a sound so piercing. 1872 [see DEADENED]. 1881
Raymonp Mining Gloss., Deadened Mercury.
5. To destroy or reduce the energy of (motion).
1665 GLANVILL Scefs. Scz. (J.), This motion would be quickly
deadened by countermotions. 1828 WesstTer, Deaden..3.
To deaden the motion of a ship or of the wind. 1867
Smytu Sailor's Word-bk., Deaden a ship's way, to retard
a vessel’s progress by bracing in the yards.
Deadened (de'd’nd), Af/. a. [f. prec. + -ED1.]
Deprived of life or force; dulled, muffled, etc.
1720 WELTON Suff, Son of God 1. x. 245 Obedience renews
the Life of Deadened Love. 1725 Pore Odyss. xxu. 284
With deaden’d sound, one on the threshold falls. 1789 T.
Wuatety in Med. Commun. Il. 393 The exfoliated or
deadened part [of a bone]. 1872 Brack Adv. Phaeton ix.
121 The deadened tolling of a bell.
Deadener (ded’nox). [-zrR1.] One who or
that which deadens: see the verb.
1846 Lanpor Jag. Conv. Wks. II. 60/2 Incumbrances and
deadeners of the harmony. 1884 GoLpw. SmitH in Contemp.
Rev. Sept. 316 Unless they are strong. . Conservative insti-
tutions are. .deadeners of responsibility.
Deadening (de'd’nin), v7. sb. [-1n@1.]
1. The action of the verb DEADEN, q.v.
1866 Timmins Jndustr. Hist. Birmingham 300 The [brass]
work becomes speckled or irregular in the ‘deadening’.
1875 Wuitney Life Lang. vii. 118 The deadening of the
native processes of composition and derivation and inflection.
1883 League Frni. 20 Oct. 657/3 Mental depression and
moral deadening.
b. concr. That which deadens sound, colour, etc.
_ 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Deadening.1.(Carpentry.) Pack-
ing in a floor, ceiling, or wall, to prevent conduction of
sound [cf. DEAFEN 3]. 2. (Gilaine) A thin coat of glue
; smeared over a surface that is gilded in distemper, and
is not to be burnished.
2. U.S. The action of killing trees by ‘ girdling’;
concr. a clearing in which the trees have been
‘girdled’. (See DEADEN 2 b.)
1800 Appison Amer. Law. Rep. 306 There was a deaden-
ing on C’s land as early as 1769. 1855 W. SarcEeNT
Braddock's Exped. 83 A deadening .. signifies the effect
produced on the trees by girdling, or cutting a ring about
their trunks.
Dea‘dening, ///.a. [-1nc*.] That deadens:
see the verb.
1805 SoutHey Madoc in Azt. xviii, From his shield The
61
deadening. force communicated ran Up his stunn’d arm.
1875 Hamerton Jutel/. Life x1. i. 402 The deadening in-
fluences of routine.
+ Deader!. Obs.
DEADENER.
a1640 W. Fenner Christ's Alarit u. (1657) 26 The giving
way to sin..which thing is an horrible deader of the heart.
Deader 2 (de‘da1). slang. [f. DEAD a.+-ER11.]
A dead person, a corpse.
1853 (in American Newspaper). 1887 A.C. DoyLe Study
in Scarlet 1. i, Then mother’s a deader too. 1887 Cyclist
13 Apr. 640/1 The half-dozen .. troopers would have been
manufactured into deaders in the twinkling of an eye.
Dead-eye (dedjai). [Drapa.15.] Naut. A
round laterally flattened wooden block, pierced
with three holes through which a lanyard is reeved,
used for extending the shrouds. Also applied to
[f Deap v. + -ER!.] =
the triangular blocks with one large hole, usually
called fearts, similarly used for extending the
stays. (Cf. DEAD MAN’S EYE.)
1748 Anson’s Voy. 1. viii. 78 The main topsail split, and
one of the straps of the main dead-eyes broke. 1835 Sik
J.C. Ross Narr. end Voy. xxviii. 398 The dead eyes were
preparing for the mainmast. 1891 Z7zses 14 Oct. 6/5 The
William Bateman has lost her main yard, and several of
her chain plates and dead eyes are broken.
b. Crowfoot dead-eye = EUPHROE.
1815 in Fatconer Marine Dict. (ed. se ptaad
Smytu Sailor’s Word-bk. s.v., The crow/feet dead-eyes are
long cylindrical blocks with a number of small holes in
them, to receive the legs or lines composing the crowfoot.
Deadfall, dead-fall (dedfgl). Chiefly U.S.
1. A kind of trap used esp. for large game, in
which a weighted board or heavy log is arranged
to fall upon and kill or disable the prey.
1611 MarkHam Countr. Content. 1. xvi. (1668) 78 Some do
use to take them with hutches, or dead-falls, set in their
haunts. 1877 Cougs Fur Anim. vi. 175 In addition to our
steel traps, we built numerous deadfalls.
2. a. A tangled mass of fallen trees.
1883 Century Mag, XXIX. 195/1 Extensive ‘dead-falls’
of trees thrown pell-mell over, under, and astraddle of each
other by gales.
b. (See quot.)
1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Dead-fall, a dumping-platform
at the mouth of a mine.
e. ‘A low drinking or gaming-place.
U.S. (Cent. Dict.).
Dead-fallow. A complete year’s fallow, i.e.
rest for the land for both a summer and a winter.
Hence Dea‘d-fa‘llow v.
1881 Daily News 5 Sept. 2/2 Nearly the whole of the
arable has been dead-fallowed this summer.
Dea‘d-hand. = Morrmatn (of which it is a
translation).
[c1380 Wycuiir Ws. (1880) 131 Pi wolle not cesse til alle
be conquerid in-to here dede hondis.} 1612 Br. Hatt
Serm. v.64 What liberal revenues .. were then put into
Mortmain, the dead-hand of the Church! 1670 Broun’
Law Dict. s.v. Ad quod damnum, 'The Land so given,
is said to fall into a Dead hand. For a Body Politick
dies not, nor can perform personal service to the King, or
their Mesne Lords, as single Persons may do. 1879 Mortry
Burke (1880) 162 Forty-thousand serfs in the gorges of the
Jura, who were held in dead-hand by the Bishop of Saint-
Claude. 1880 A. J. Witson in AZacm. Mag. 469 That bene-
volence of the ‘dead hand’, which corrupts and blights all
its victims.
Dea‘dhead, dead-head, dead head.
+1. Old Chem. =Caput MORTUUM 2. Obs.
1576 Baker Yewell of Health 195 a, See whether the
deadeheade be blacke. 1662 R. Matuew Uni. Alch. § 109.
177 Take from the Dunghil at the Refiners, his dead head,
commonly called, Caput mortuum. 1707 Curios. in Hush.
& Gard. 329, I made a Lixivium with clear Water, and
filter’d it to take away the dead head of it.
2. Techn. a. Founding. The extra length or
‘head ’ of metal at the muzzle end of a gun-casting,
which contains the dross formed on the molten
metal, and which is cut off when cool; see also
quot. 1874. b. Mech. The tail-stock of a lathe,
containing the dead spindle (see DEAD a. 23).
e. Naut. (See quot. 1867.)
1867, SmytH Sailor's Word-bk., Dead-head, a kind of
dolphin (a stout post on a quay head to make hawsers fast
to); also, a rough block of wood used as an anchor-buoy.
1869 Eng, Mech. 17 Dec. 320/1 When castings are required
to be particularly solid. .they are generally made with what
is termed a ‘dead head’, 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Dead-
head .. That piece on a casting which fills the ingate at
which the metal entered the mold. A /eeding-head.
8. collog. (orig. U.S.) A person admitted with-
out payment to a theatrical performance, a public
conveyance, etc.
1853 LoweLt Moosehead $rnl. Prose Wks. 1890 I. 19
Those ‘attentive clerks’ whose praises are sung by thankful
deadheads. 1864 Sata in Daily Telegraph 1 Nov., A
friend of mine, a very eminent ‘ dead-head '—that is to say,
one who has free admissions everywhere and to everything.
1892 Daily News 16 Sept. 5/6 The natural antipathy be-
tween formers and what are known in the theatrical
profession as ‘deadheads’..who do not pay for their enter-
tainment.
Hence (from sense 3) Dea‘dhead vw. ¢vans., to
admit as a ‘deadhead’ without payment ; zz¢r. to
act the ‘ deadhead’, obtain a privilege without pay-
ment. Dea‘dheadism, the practice of admitting
1867
Western
_ persons as ‘deadheads’, (co//og., chiefly U..S.)
DEAD LIFT.
1 Lowett in Aélantic Monthly Dec. (1892) 746/2,
I will not be deadheaded, 1860 O. W. Hotmes Eésze V.
li. (1891) 13 He had been ‘ dead-headed’ into the world
some fifty years ago, and had sat with his hands in his
pockets staring at the show ever since. 1885 J. BicELow in
Harper's Mag. Mar. 542/1 Mr. Jefferson was not in the
habit ofdeadheading at hotels. 1887 M/zss Bayle’s Romance
III. 92, I mean to abolish dead-headism.
Dea‘d-hea‘rted, a. Dead in feeling, callous,
insensible. Hence Dead-hea‘rtedly adv.; Dead-
hea‘rtedness.
1642 J. Eaton Honey-combe 378 Such dead-hearted, un-
beleeving, and wrangling Sophisters. /ééd. 378 margin,
Zealous against dead-heartednesse and unbeliefe. 1670 ‘I’.
Brooks Wks. (1867) VI. 351 God will deliver you from..
security. . formality, dead-heartedness, lukewarmness. 1839
Standard 6 July, The callous dead-hearted sensualist.
Dead heat. Racing, etc. [Cf. DEAD a. 28, 31.]
A ‘heat’ or race in which two (or more) competi-
tors reach the goal at the same instant.
1840 Hoop Kvlmansegg, Her Accident viii, She could ride
a dead heat With the Dead who ride so fast and fleet.
1878 Lever Yack Hinton viii. 54 What year there was a dead
heat for the St. Leger. ;
Hence Dead-heat v. zr, to run a dead heat ;
trans. to run a dead heat with (another competitor).
Dead-heater, one who runs a dead heat.
1887 Cyclist 22 June, Ralph Temple. .Dead-heated Howell
in the Quarter-mile Match. 1892 Black & White 19 Mar.
384/1 The two clubs who dead-heated .. express themselves
as very anxious to decide the matter bya race. 1868 Daily
Tel. 29 Apr., About four Jengths in the rear of the dead-
heaters was St. Ronan, third.
+ Deading (dedi), v7. sb. Obs, [f. DEAD v.]
The action of the verb DrEap; deadening.
c1g00 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 293 Cancrene .. comep of
dedinge of be skyn. 1607 Hirron /Vks, I. 219 To the dead-
ing of their hearts, like Nabals. 1645 UssHer Body Div.
(1647) 430 A further deading of the old man. “
+ Dea‘ding, ///. a. Obs. [-ING *.] Deadening.
1647 H. More Song of Soul u1. 1. ii, Deading liquor.
Deadish (dedif),a. Now rare. [f. Dean a.
+-ISH.] Somewhat dead (in various senses).
a1450 Lysshynge with Angle (1883) 11 The browne colour
seruyth for that water that is blacke dedisshe in ryuers or
in other waters. 1562 BuLLEYN Deal. Soarnes & Chir. 10a,
When thei seme to bee colde, pale, deddishe, or partelie not
felte. 1611 A. Starrorp WViode 11. 186 (T.) The lips put on
a deadish paleness. 1697 R. Peirce Bath Mem, u, ii. 264
His left Arm and Hand were numb'd and deadish. _ 1742
Lond. & Country Brew. 1. (ed. 4) 55 To recover deadish Beer.
1783 PAil. Trans. LXXIIL. 368 It beat out flat, yielded
a deadish sound, and became fluid in less than a minute.
Dead letter. — ; ;
1. a. orig. A writing, etc. taken in a bare literal
sense without reference to its ‘spirit’, and hence
useless or ineffective (cf. Rom. vii. 6, 2 Cor. iii. 6).
1579 Furxe Heskin’s Parl. 6 ‘The scriptures, which this
dogge calleth the deade letters. 1652 Sterry Lvg. Deliv.
North. Presb. 10 This.. taken singly by it selfe, is but
a breathlesse Carkasse, or a Dead Letter. 1831 CARLYLE
Sart, Res. i. ili, First must the dead Letter of Religion own
itself dead. .if the living Spirit of Religion. .is to arise on us.
b. A writ, statute, ordinance, etc., which is or has
become practically without force or inoperative,
though not formally repealed or abolished.
1663 Heatu Flagellum (ed. 2) 6 To which all other dictates
and Instructions were uselesse, and as a dead letter. 1726
Amuerst Terre Fil. xlii. 220 The best laws, when they
become dead letters, are no laws. @1754 Fiecpinc Voy.
Lisbon (1755) 145 (Farmer) And to enact laws without doing
this, is to fill our statute-books. .still fuller with dead letter,
of no use but to the printer of the Acts of Parliament. 1848
Macautay Hist. Eng. U1. 132 The few penal laws..which
had been made in Irelandagainst Protestant Nonconformists,
were a dead letter. 1869 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) 111.
xii. 249 Many a treaty of marriage became a dead letter
almost as soon as it was signed. ; :
2. A letter which lies unclaimed for a certain
time at a post-office, or which cannot be delivered
through defect of address or other cause. ead-
letter Office: a department of a general post-office
in which dead letters are examined, and returned
to the writers, or destroyed after a certain time ;
now officially styled Returned Letter Office.
1771 P. Parsons Newmarket II. 126, I sent to the Post-
house, and purchased a pacquet of dead letters. 1845
M:CuLtocn Taxation u. vii. (1852) 316 With these excep-
tions, all packets above the weight of 16 oz. will be imme-
diately forwarded tothe Dead Letter Office. 1881 Standard
1 Nov. 2/2 The old name, ‘ Dead Letter Office’, has had to
be altered to the present appellation, ‘Returned Letter
Office’, partly in consequence of the fatuity of the public,
who would insist upon associating the title ‘Dead’ letter
with the ‘land of the leal’. s
Hence Dead-le‘tterism (ozce-wd.), devotion to
the ‘dead letter’ to the neglect of the ‘spirit’ (see
Ta).
1879 Barinc-Goutp Germany II. 186 Pietism ..is also
a necessary revulsion from the dead-letterism into which
German Protestantism had lapsed.
Dead lift. [See Dnap a. 28, and Lirr sé.]
1. The pull of a horse, etc., exerting his utmost
strength at a dead weight beyond his power to
move.
1551 R. Ropinson tr. More's Utop. us. (Arb.) 76 Oxen..
they graunte to be not so good as horses at a sodeyne
brunte, and (as we saye) at a deade lifte. ° 1888 ELworTHy
W. Somerset Word-bk. 186 en horses are attached to
a weight beyond their strength to move, they frequently
DEAD-LIGHT.
refuse to try a second time ; in such a case it is said ‘ they
won't pull at a dead lift’. On the other hand it is common
to hear a seller say of a horse, ‘I'll warn un to pull twenty
times following to a dead-lift’,
2. fig. A position or juncture in which one can
do no more, an extremity, ‘a hopeless exigence’
(J.). Usually in piggy! at a dead lift. (Very
common in the 17th c.: now arch. or dial.)
1567 Harman Caveat 34 And to these at a ded lyft, or
last refuge, they maye..repayre. 1588 J. Upatt Diotrephes
(Arb.) 25 You must helpe vs at that dead lift, or else we
are vndone. 1625-6 Suirtey Maia’s Rev. ui. li, Medicine
he carried always in the pommel of his sword, for a dead
lift; a very active poison. 1641 J. Suute Sarah § Hagar
(1649) 7 All-sufficient, he comes in at a dead lift, and he is
able to turn thingsina moment. 1642 Futter Holy § Prof.
Stu. xxi. 137 Then [in a shipwreck] they betook themselves
to their prayers, the best lever at such a dead lift indeed.
1754 BertHEetson Eng.-Dan. Dict., He helped me at a
dead lift, hand satte mig jaa fed igien. 1783 AINsworTH
Lat. Dict. (Morell) 1v. s.v. Nero, None would do the
wretch [Nero] the favour to kill him; and..he had not the
heart to help himself at a dead lift. 18.. Mar. Epcewortu
Stories of Ireland v, It’s only paeog sport—and
very honourable, to help a friend, at a dead lift. ry
Giccurist Reason 88, I would not slip off from a dead lift,
forgetting to come back to it. :
An effort in which the whole strength is
applied to lift or move something; a sheer lift;
a supreme effort. rare.
1882 Morris Hopes §& Fears for Art i, 21 It is such
a heavy question by what effort, by what dead-lift, you can
thrust this difficulty from you.
Dea‘d-light. [In sense 1, f. Deap a. 15; in
3, f. DEAD sé., or Sc. form of death-light.]
1. Naut. A strong wooden or iron shutter fixed
outside a cabin-window or port-hole in a storm, to
prevent water from entering.
1726 Suetvocke Voy. round World 3 A sea struck us ..
and drove in one of our quarter and one of our stern dead
lights. 1836 Marryat Midsh. Easy xxvi, The water. .had
burst into the cabin through the windows..for the dead
lights..had not yet been shipped. @ 1845 Baruam /zgoé.
Leg., Bros. Birchington, The dead-lights are letting the
spray and the rain in.
2. A skylight not made to open.
1882 7rade Catalogue, Skylights for which we have no
corresponding sizes of Deadlights.
3. A luminous appearance seen over putrescent
bodies, in grave-yards, etc.; a ‘ corpse-light’ or
© corpse-candle’. .Sc.
1813 Hoc Queen's Wake Introd., Dead-lights glimmering
through the night. 1854 H. Mivier Sch. & Schiz. ix. (1860)
85/2 The many floating Highland stories of spectral dead-
lights and wild supernatural sounds, seen and heard by
nights in lonely places of sepulture.
+Deadlihead. 0s. rare. [f. Deapty a. +
-HEAD.] Dead condition; the state of the dead.
1612 AinsworTH Axnot. Ps. xvii. 10 By the Hebrew word
Sheol..we are to understand the place, estate, or depth of
death, deadlihed. 1642 G. HuGuEs Embalming Dead Saints
19 Some kind of losse..which this deadlyhed brings upon
the soule. /bid. 20 Deadly-head.
+ Dea‘dlihood. ds. rare—'. =prec.
1659 Pearson Creed 476 In the state or condition of the
dead ; in deadlyhood, as some have learn’t to speak.
Deadlily (de-dlili), adv. rare. [f. as prec. +
-LY2.] In a deadly manner; mortally, fatally ;
excessively ; = DEADLY adv.
1621 Lavy M. Wrotn Urania 116 Musing .. how hee
should so farre and deadlily fall out with himselfe. 1662
J. Cuanpier Van Helmont’s Oriat, 122 A young man,
A Companion in the Duel, to the Earl.. being deadlil
pricked, thrust Loniguius thorow. 1849 SoutnEy Comm.-fl,
Bk. Ser. 1. 2 Dull, dull—deadlily dull. 1860 Pusey J/in,
Proph. 312 They bit, as serpents, treacherously, deadlily.
1863 — Lent. Serm. 4 Deadlily delusive to the soul.
Dea‘d-line.
1. A line that does not move or run, [DEAD
a, 23.)
1860 Chambers’ Encycl., Barbel, Angling..with a dead-
line, called a ledger. 1892 Padi Mal/G. 5 Aug. 3/1 The
scene is worked with miniature pulleys, ‘ working lines’, and
‘dead lines. s
2. Mil. A line drawn around a military prison,
beyond which a prisoner is liable to be shot down.
1868 Lossinc Hist. Civ. War U.S. ILI. 600 Seventeen
feet from the inner stockade was the ‘dead-line’, over which
no man could pass and live. 1888 Contemp. Review Mar.
449 Should he some day escape alive across the dead-line of
inchesters, he will be h d with bloodhound
Jig. 1889 Bruce Plant. Negro 45 The instant he sought
.. to cross the social dead-line.
Deadliness (de'dlinés).
rage
+1. The condition of being subject to death (see
DeaDLy a, 1); mortality. Ods.
@ 1225 Ancr. R. 382 We beoren in ure bodie lesu Cristes
deadlicnesse. a1340 Hampote Psalter Ixxxiii. 2 My hert
--and my ag bat ol pai be brisel & heuy in dedlynes.
1434 Misyn Mending of Life 123 Pe fettyr of dedelynes.
©1440 Promp. Parv, 115 Dedelynesse, mortalitas.
2. The quality of being deadly or fatal.
c1450 Mirour Saluacioun 518 Smyten with a sore wounde
of eendeles dedelynesse, 1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks.
598/2 Y° deadlynesse of the sinne. 1612-5 Br. Hai Con-
templ. 1v. (T.), The deadliness of Lazarus his sickness.
1863 Gro. Exior Romola m. xii, That sharp edge might
os deadliness to the thrust. 1870 Rocers /ist. Cleanings
er, 11, 13 A new disease of astonishing deadliness.
[f. Deapiy a, +
62
Dead lock, dea’d-lock. [Cf. Deana. 28, 31.]
1. A condition or situation in which it is impos-
sible to proceed or act ; a complete stand-still.
1779 Sueripan Critic 11, | have them all at a dead lock!
for every one of them is afraid to let go first. 1858 Haw-
ruorne Fr. & It, Frnis. (1872) I. 1 In Newgate Street,
there was such a number of market-carts, that we almost
came to a dead-lock with some of them. 1888 Bryce Amer.
Commw. 1, v. 60 It often happens that =o has
a majority in the Senate, another party in the House, and
then. .a deadlock results.
2. An ordinary lock which opens and shuts only
with a key, as opposed to a spring lock ; sometimes,
gereny a padlock. [DeaD a. 24 b.]
1866 Timmins /ndustr. Hist. Birmingham 87 Dead locks
are those which have only one large bolt, worked by the key.
Hence Dea‘d-lo:ck v., to bring to a deadlock or
* stand-still ; Dea-dlo:cking vd/. sb.
1880 Daily Tel. 17 Feb., An entire population is dead-
locked through no fault ofits own. 1892 V. Y. Nation 4 Aug.
81/2 They..have deadlocked the Legislature. 1882 NV. Y.
Tribune 3 May, The disgraceful deadlocking which the
session of 1882 has witnessed.
Dea-dlong, a. Humorous nonce-formation after
livelong (as if f. live adj.).
1844 Dickens Mart. Chuz. xxiv, Through half the dead-
long night. :
Deadly (dedli), a Forms: 1 déadlic, 3
dedlich, diadlich, 3-4 deadlich, 3-5 dedlich,
-lych, dedelik(e, 4 dedli, dedeli, deadli, dyad-
lich, dyeadlich, 4-5 deedli, 4-6 dedly, dedely,
5 deadlike, dedlyke, 5-6 deedly, 6 deadlie,
-lye, deedely, dedlie, 6-7 Sc. deidly, deidlie,
5-deadly. [OE. déadlic, f.déad DEA: see -LY!.
Cf. OHG. tétlich, MD. doodlick.]
+1. Subject to death, mortal. Ods.
c1000 Homilies (Thorpe) II. 186 (Bosw.) Det an deadlic
man mihte ealne middaneard oferseon. c1230 Hali Meid.
13 Ipis deadlich lif. a1300 Cursor M. 10919 (Cott.) Godd
bicom man dedli. 1340 Ayend. 244 Ne e3e dyeadlich ne may
[pet] na3t ysy. ¢ yA Maunpev. (Roxb.) vii. 24, lam a crea-
ture dedly. 1477 Ear Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 123 Thinke
thou art dedely. 1533 Gau Richt Vay (1888) 67 This deidlie
body sal be cled with immortalite. @1563 BaLe Sed. Wks.
(Parker Soc.) 97 Many holy prophets that were deadly men
were martyred. 1839 BaiLey Festus xx. (1852) 351 Even
man's deadly life Can be there, by God's leave.
+b. adsol. A mortal; usually as f/, Mortals,
human beings. Ods.
c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 2867 Pare is nane dedely. . pat
suffice to serche pe domes of god. 1590 Jas. 1 Sf. Gen. As-
sembly Aug., 1,.shall Maintain the same against all deadly.
1685 Lond. Gaz. No. 2009/2 Whom we shall humbly Obey. .
Maintain and Defend with our Lives and Fortunes, against
all deadly, as our only Righteous King and Soveraign.
+ 2. In danger of death, like to die. Ods.
a1300 E. E. Psalter xiii. 22 (M&tz.) For al dai dedelik er
we [sorte afficimur] for pe. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Frankl. 7.
312 My lady hath my deeth y-sworn .. but thy benignytee
Vpon my dedly herte haue some pitee. a@ 1616 Breaum. &
Fi. Cust. Country v. iv, How does the patient? Clod. You
may inquire Of more than one; for two are sick and deadly
. her health’s despaired of, And in hers, his.
+b. Of or belonging to death. Ods.
1470-85 Matory Arthur xu. xi, Not longe after that
loseph was layd in his dedely bed. 1483 Caxton G, de la
Tour cxxxv, 191 She .. became seke, and laye in her dedely
dde.
+3. Without life, inanimate; =DeEap a. 6. rare.
a 1225 Juliana 22 To luten dedliche schaften as 3e schul-
den to godd. cr Secrees 132 It is swilk a secre pat
ynnethis mannys brest may it vnderstonde, how may it
panne be wrete in dedly skyns?
4. Causing death, or fatal injury ; mortal, fatal.
c893 K. AiLrrep Oros. 111. viii. § 3 Forbracon Romane
heora abas. .and per deadlicne size zeforan. 1297 R. Giouc.
(1724) 223 Ac ouercome vas he no3t, bey ys wounden dedlych
were. €1377 CHAucER Anel, §& Arc. 258 The cause. .Of my
dedely adversitie. c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 1. xxvil.
(1869) 19 Per is no wounde so cruelle ; for with out remedye
it is dedlych. 1562 Win3eT Certain Tractates Wks. (1888)
I. 3 Lyke..to ane schip in ane dedely storme. 1603 KNoLLES
Hist. Turks (1621) 48 Every houre expecting the deadly
blow of the hangman. 1768 Beattie Minstr. u. xii, Tho’
Fortune aim her deadliest blow. 1874 Mortey Compromise
(1886) 34 The narrowing and deadly effect of the daily itera-
tion of short-sighted commonplaces.
b. As a quality of things: Having the property
or capacity of causing death or fatal injury;
poisonous, ene pees
¢ 1380 Wycur Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 361 Dedli drynke, 4
i taken it..anoiep hem not. 1567 Mapter Gr. Forest 57 b,
e inhabitants .. doe set the whole Groue on fire, by
that meanes the deadly Serpents .. are driuen away. x697
Dryven Virg. Georg. iii. 447 Dire Stepdames .. mix, for
deadly Draughts, the pois’nous Juice. 1788 Gisson Decé.
& F. 1. (1846) V. 3 The winds..from the south-west, diffuse
a noxious and even deadly vapour. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat.
x. (1879) 220 Many savages. . have seen. .small ani killed
by the musket, without being. .aware how deadly an instru-
ment itis, 1866 7reas, Bot. 1140 To camels. .itis adeadly
poison. n
¢. spec. In names of poisonous plants.
Deadly Carrot, the genus Thapsia of umbelliferous plants,
natives of Southern Europe. Deadly Ni shea the
At Belladonna(N.O. Solanace#), a rare shrub with dark
purple flowers and large round black berries; the name is
often popularly misapplied to the ‘oody Night-
— — Dulcamara, boyegen oie berries.
1578 Lyre Dodoens ut. xxi. 4 great Nightshade, or
Dwale, This noughtie and deadly lant is taken fora kinde
of Solanum..The .. fresh leaues of this deadly Nightshade
| Win3er Cert. Tractates i. Wks. 1888 1. 6
DEADLY.
may be applyed outwardly .. The fruite of this Solanum is
curr: 1774 T. West Antig. Furness 94 There grows the
Let pekfn, or deadly owed 1842 Penny Cycl.
XXIV. 282/2 The species [of Thapsia] are mostly natives of
the countries of the Mediter , and are k under
the generic name Deadly Carrot. 1886 Pall Mail G. 27
Aug. 4/1 The A known as deadly nightshade
in England is the ly nightshade or bitter-sweet .. The
ights atropa belladonna of
5. Theol. Of sin: spiritual death;
mortal (opposed to vental); esp. applied to the
seven chief or ‘ cardinal’ sins: see Srv.
ay Ancr. R. 56 He [David] dude preo vtnummen
heaued sunnen & deadliche. 1340 Hampote Pr. Consc.
Thir er tha hede syns that er dedely. 1340 4
Lecherie. .is on of be zeuen dyadliche zennes. Tid. 16 7H
byeb h d..of alle and ginninge of alle kueade, be
hy dyadliche, be hy uenial. c¢ 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) iii. 10
Pai say also pat fornicacion es na dedly bot a kyndely thing.
1483 Caxton G.de da Tour H iij, By this synne of glotonye
men falle in alle the other sixe dedely synnes. 1548-9(Mar.)
Bk. Com. Prayer, Litany, Fornicacion, and all other deadlye
ne. 1603 SHaks. Meas. for M. ui. i. 111 Sure it is no
sinne, Or of the deadly seuen it is the least. a1711 Ken
Hymnotheo Poet. . 1721 ILI. 269 The Seven curs'd
deadly Sins. . Pride, Envy, Shoth, Intemp’rance, Av’rice, Ire,
And Lust. 1819 SHELLEY Cenc? 1V. iii. 37 We do but that
which ’twere a deadly crime To leave undone.
+b. Deadly sinner: one who commits deadly
sin. Ods.
1622 Donne Sermt.i. 5 He that comes alive out of that
field [a duel] comes a dead man, because he comes a deadly
sinner, and he that remains dead in the field is gone to an
everlasting death. Z 7 5
6. Aiming, or involving an aim, to kill or de-
stroy; implacable, mortal, to the death.
c 1205 Lay. 8 =r dadliche iuan. c 1380 Sir Ferumb.
600 A leyde to Sarsyn strokes smerte ri3t als til his dedly
fo. ¢1430 Freemasonry 309 Throwghe envye, or dedly hate.
1583 StanyHurst Aeneis 1. (Arb.) 17 —— long fostred
deadlye reuengement. a@ 1661 Futter Worthies (1840) 11.
382 Betwixt whom and Sir Henry Berkeley was so deadly
a quarrel, 1703 Rowe Fair Penit. 1. i. 206 With deadly
Imprecations on her Self. 1813 Byron Br. Adydos 11. xii,
Although thy Sire’s my deadliest foe. 1845 M. Pattison
Ess. (1889) I. 4 The contest. . becomes sharp and deadly.
7. Resembling or suggestive of death, death-like.
a. Of colour or aspect : Pale like that of a corpse.
1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 869 Thisbe, Who koude wryte
which a dedely chere Hath Tesbe now. ¢ 1400 Beryn 1337
His coloure gan to chaunge in-to a dedely hewe. 1561
Even Arte Nauig. u. xix. 50 If [the Sunne] shew yealowe
or deadly, tempest is like to folow. 1
1v. iv. 96, I know it by their pale and deadly looks. 1798
SoutuEy Yoan of Arc 289 By the flush’d cheek. .And by the
deadly paleness which ensued. -_ Med. Frnl, x. 152 In
consequence of the. .deadly look of the child.
b. Death-like in unconsciousness or physical
prostration.
1548 Hatt Chron. 56 The Normans hearyng of the kynges
a wer sodenly striken with a deadly feare. ca
‘Ouhat deidly sleip
is this that hes oppressit 3ow? 1671 Satmon Syn. Med. u1.
xxii. 413 Narcotick, causing deadly sleep. 1853 Lytton
My Novel xi, vii, A deadly Slecane seized her,
ce. Death-like in darkness, gloom, dullness,
silence, etc.
1300 Cursor M. 17881 (Gétt.) Pe folk in dedeli mirknes
stadd. 1529 More Conf. agst. 7rib, 1. Wks. 1171/1 Con-
tinuall fatigacion woulde e it [the mind] dull and deadlye.
1 LOUNT tr. Cones: io 29 There was such a
deadlie silence in the porte. 1605 Suaks. Lear v. ili. 290
All's cheerlesse, darke, and deadly. Roust Heav.
Univ, (1702) 166 Sitting in darkness and a ly shadow.
8. Excessive, ‘ terrible’, ‘awful’. collog.
1660 Perys Diary 1 Nov., A deadly drinker he is, and
rown exceedingly fat. 1660 /bid. 7 Dec., So to the Privy
Beale where I signed a deadly number of pardons, 1
Mrs. Detany Life § Corr.(1861) II. 382 It has been a deadly
while I have taken to answer your kind letter, 1773 Gotps.
Stoops to Cong. 1. ii, You're come a leal wrong !
1843 Cartye Past & Pr. (1858) 281 Why deadly haste
to make money ? 7 J. Witson Chr. North (1857) I. 146
pu omer of corn a few sparrows can eat... cannot
very ly.
9. Comb., as deadly-dinted, -handed, -headed,
-like adjs.; deadly-lively a., — dullness
and liveliness, lively in a gloomy and depressing
way ee ; hence liveliness.
HAKkS. 2 Hen. VI, v. ii. 9 The deadly handed Clifford
slew my Steed. 1596 Fitz-Gerrrey Sir /, Drake (1881) 51
An hundred deadlie-dinted staves. 1630 Rurnerrorn Lett,
(1862) 1, 55 She is in a most dangerous and deadly-like con-
dition. Dickens Nich. Nick. xii, Even her dress
assumed something of a deadly-lively air from a eeety
in which it was worn. 1881 Mrs, Oxirnant in Macm.
, ee He was taken to Mentone. .to the deadly-
liveliness ». and invalid surroundings of that shelter of the
suffering. 1891 Sfectator 12 Dec, 855 The deadly-liveliness
of flippant and forced humour,
(de‘dli), adv. Forms: 1 déadlice,
3-4 deadliche, 4 dyadliche, dedlyk, 4-6 dedely,
5 dedly, 6 deedly, Sc. deidly, 7 deadlie, 6-
deadly. [OE. déadlice, f. déad Dean: see -LY ®,]
+1. Ina way that causes death ; mortally, fatally ;
to death. Ods. .
cx050 Gloss. in Wr.Wiilcker 436/8 Loetaditer, deadlice.
ar R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 33, He wonded pe Kyng
dedaly fulle sore. ¢ Promp. Parv. 115 Dedely, mor-
taliter, letaliter. 156% T. Mey sp oae-tf awl 1. Rd
(1634) 71 They are wounded, not - 7 May
Lucan 1x. (1431) 21 The snakes bite deadly, fatall are their
Suaks. Com. Err.
DEADMAN.
teeth. c¢1679 Roxb. Ball, V1. 147 Killing Beauty .. Be no
more so deadly Cruel. 1816 Byron Ch. Har, mm, xxix,
When shower'd The death-bolts deadliest.
+b. Theol, In away that entails spiritual death ;
mortally : see DEADLY @. 5. Ods.
a 1225 Ancr. R.58 3if he is ivonded so pet he sune3ie dead-
liche. x Ayenb. 223 Ine opre cas me may zene3i, oper
liztliche, oper dyadliche. _¢ 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb) iii. 10
i say we synne dedly in pat we schaue oure berdes, 1503
awes Lxamp, Virt. xiii. 273 A dongeon longe and wyde
Made for theym that do synne dedely. 1579 ‘lomson Ca/-
vin’s Serm. Tint. 112/2 To see those men, which were as it
were Angels of God, fall: yea, & that deadly.
+2. Implacably, mortally; to the death. Ods.
© 1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 2644 Sheo loucde
mykel be slayn brober, & dedlyk [v.~. dedely] hated sche pat
ober. 1393 Gower Conf. I. 332 Thus hate I dedely thilke vice.
1579 Lyty Euphues (Arb.) 95, l haue heard that women either
loue entirely or hate deadly. 1650 S. Crarke Evcé. Hist.
1. (1654) 44 The spitefull Devil deadly pursuing him,
In a manner resembling or suggesting death ;
as if dead; without animation.
@ 1300 Cursor M, 18155 (Cott.) Paa waful wras sa dedli dim,
All lighted lem pat come wit him. c 1430 Piler. Ly.
Manhode 1, \xxxix. (1869) 50 Al dedliche [tout mornement]
he answerde hire. 1594 SHaxs. Rich. ///, ut. vii. 26 They
.- Star’d each on other, and look’d deadly pale. 1633 P.
Fretcuer Purple Isl. vu. (R.), How comes it then, that in
so near decay We deadly sleep in deep security? 1865
Dickens Mut. Fr. 1. i, Seeming to turn deadly faint.
4. To a fatal or extreme degree; ‘mortally’,
‘to death’; extremely, excessively. col/og.
lax Cursor M. 17225 (Cott.), I pat es sa dedli dill.)
1589 PuttennaM Exg. Poesie ut. xviii. (Arb.) 205 He .. did
..deadly belie the matter by his description. 1591 SPENSER
Virg. Gnat 446 Judgement seates, whose Iudge is deadlie
dred. 1688 Miscr /'7. Dict. s.v. Slow, He is deadly slow,
alest furicusement long. 1703 Rowe Ulyss. Epil. 31 These
Cups are pretty, but they’re deadly dear. 1809 Scorr Lev.
to Southey 14 Jan. in Lockhart, In this deadly cold weather.
1865 Trotiope Belton Est. ix. 102 It is so deadly dull.
“e Mrs. Stowe Poganuc P. xiii, We were deadly tired.
. In a dead manner ; like a dead thing. rare.
158r G. Pertie tr. Guazzo’s Civ. Conv. 11. (1586) 50 To
fall deadlie to the grounde, as a bodie without breath.
1 Moztey £ss. ie II. 126 There is a belief in the
. “9 which is mere Bibliolatry, and. .rests deadly in a mere
00
+Dea‘'dman. Ots. =Dead man: formerly
written and pronounced as one word. (Cf. Brinp-
MAN.) Ods. exc. in names, as Deadman’s Walk.
@ 1300 Cursor M. 11504 (Cott.) A smerl 0 selcuth bitturnes,
pat dedman cors wit smerld es. ¢ 1440 Gesta Romi. |xx. 387
(Add. MS.) Atte derige of a dedeman that laye on the bere.
16rx Suaks. Cymé, v. iii, 12 The strait passe was damm'd
With deadmen. | ;
Dead man is used in various fg. applications
and combinations ; chiefly in Z/.
1. pl. (dead men.) Empty bottles (at a drinking-
bout, etc.). slang or collog.
az17joo B. E. Dict. Cant, Crew, Dead-man, empty Pots or
bottles ona Tavern-table. 1738 Swirt Polite Convers. 188
Let him carry off the dead Men, as we say in the army
(meaning the empty bottles). 1825 C. M. Westmacotr
Eng. Spy 1, 151 The wine bin surrounded by a regiment of
dead men. 1851 THACKERAY Eng. Hum. iii. (1876) 244 Fresh
bottles were brought ; the ‘d men’..removed.
2. slang. (See quot. 1873.)
1764 Low Life 40 Journeymen Bakers..are casting up
what Dead-Men they cheated their Masters of the past
Week. 1819 Moore Yom Crib’s Mem. 16 (Farmer) Dead
men are bakers, so called from the loaves falsely charged to
their master’s customers. 1873 Slang Dict., Dead-man,
abaker. Properly speaking, it is an extra loaf smuggled
into the basket by the man who carries it out, to the loss of
the master. Sometimes the dead-man is charged to a cus-
tomer, though never delivered.
3. Cards. A dummy at whist. .
1786 Mackenzie in The Lounger No. 79 ? 13 As if one
should. .sit down with three dead men at whist.
4. Naut. (pl.) ‘The reef or gasket-ends care-
lessly left dangling under the yard when the sail is
furled, instead of being tucked in’ (Adm. Smyth).
Dead men’s bells. A local name in Scotland
for the Foxglove, Digitalis purpurea.
1848 W. Garviner Flora Forfarshire 139 It is known to
the peasantry by the name of ‘dead men’s bells’, 1853 G.
Jounston Nat. Hist. E. Bord. 157.
+Dead man’s (men’s) eye(s. aut, Obs,
= DEAD-EYE,
1466 Mann. §& Househ. Exp. 214 A bolt for the stemme,
also the closynge of dedemen yen. 1898 Forio, Morto..
a pullie in a ship called the dead man he. 1626 Carr.
Smitu Accid. Yng, Seamen 15 Pullies, blockes, shiuers and
dead mens eyes. 1706 Puittips (ed. Kersey), Dead-mens
“yes (in a Ship), a kind- of little Blocks, or Pulle s, having
many Holes, but no Shivers; wherein run small Ropes.
Dead man’s (men’s) finger(s.
1. A local name for various species of Orchis,
properly those with palmate tubers, as O. maculata
and /aéifolia; in Shaks. prob, the Early Purple
Orchis, O. mascula. Also applied to Arum ma-
culatum, Lotus corniculatus, and Alopecurus pra-
tensts. (Britten & Holland.)
1602 SHaxs. Ham. 1. vii. 173 Long Purples .. our cold
Maids doe Dead Mens Fingers call them. 1853 G. Jounston
Nat. Hist. E. Bord. 193 Orchis latifolia. ‘The root, from
its shape, is sometimes called .. Dead-men’s-fingers.
2. The zoophyte Alcyonium digitatum: = next 1.
1860 Datias Nat, Hist. Anim, Kingd. 54. 1865 Gosse
Year at Shore 73. 1872 Dana Corals 83.
63
8. The finger-like divisions of the branchiw or
gills in a lobster or crab.
1806-7 J. Beresrorp Miseries Hum. Life (1826) 1x. xlv,
In eating lobster—getting.. half a dozen of the dead man's
fingers into your mouth,
Dead man’s hand.
1. A zoophyte, Alcyonium digitatum, forming
lobed fleshy masses : see ALCYONIUM.
1755 J. Evtis Corallines 83 Dead Man’s Hand or Dead
Man’s Toes. This extraordinary Sea-production is indebted
for the English name to the Fishermen, who often take it
up in their Nets, when they are trawling for flat Fish. 1756
Scu.osser in Phil. Trans. XLIX. 450 The alcyonium..
commonly called dead-man’s hand.
2. a. A local name for Orchis maculata and
O. mascula (cf. prec.1). b. Also for ‘Vephrodium
Filix-mas, and some other ferns, from the appear-
ance of the young fronds before they begin to open,
resembling a closed fist’. e@. Also for the seaweed
Tangle, Laminaria digitata. (Britten & Holl.)
1853 G. Jounston Nat. Hist. E. Bord. 193 Orchis macu-
Jata .. Dead-man’s-hand.
+Dead man’s head. Ols. A ‘death’s head’;
a skull or figure of a skull.
1557 Bury Wills (Camden) 146 My ringe with the dead
manes head. 1562 J. Hevwoop Prov. §& Epigr. (1867) 66,
I neuer meete the at fleshe nor at fishe, But I haue sure
a deade mans head in my dishe.
Dead man’s thumb.
1. A local name for Orchzs mascula, from the
shape of the tubers. (Cf. DEAD MAN’S FINGER I.)
1652 Roxb. Ballads (Britten & Holland), Each flower ..
Such as within the meddowes grew, As dead man’s thumbs
and harebell blew [v.7.an hearball blew]. 1853 G. Jounston
Nat. Hist. E. Bord. 193 From the colour and shape of the
tuber the plant is called Dead-man’s thumb; and children
tell one another, with mysterious awe, that the root was
once the thumb of some unburied murderer,
2. = DEAD MAN’S HAND I.
1863 G. Rowe in Jxtel/. Observ. Sept. 84 The swelling
lobes of the dead man’s thumb.
+ Dead man’s toes. Od/s. = prec. 2.
1755 [see DEAD MAN’S HAND 1]. _ 1786 J. Exuis Nat. Hist.
Zoophytes 83 Round white eggs, like those described in the
Alcyonium digitatum or Dead Man’s Toes.
Deadness (de‘dnés). The condition or quality
of being dead, in various senses: 1. i¢.
1 Torsett Four-f. Beasts (1673) 481 To Pluto and to
the Earth, they sacrificed black Sheep or Lambs, in token
of deadnesse. @1716 Soutu Sev. VII. i. (R.), Cursing
it [the barren fig-tree] to deadness with a word. 1764 WooL-
coms in Phil, Trans. LX. 97 A numbness and deadness of
his little .. finger. 188r Miss Yonce Lads & Lasses ii. 95
The "he that..gets the creeping deadness in his bones.
We".
1611 Biste Rom. iv: 19 The deadnesse of Saraes wombe.
¢ 1620 Z. Boyp Zion's Flowers (1855) 121 They Have blood-
lesse cheekes, and deadnesse in their eyes. @ 1628 Preston
Saints Daily Exerc. (1629) 74 What is aman to doe when
hee findes a great indisposition to prayer .. a dulnesse, and
deadnesse in him. 1642 Petition in Clarendon Hist. Red.
iv. (1843) 165/2 By the deadness of trade. 1738 WesLEY
Wks. (1872) 1. 162 Hence my deadness and wanderings in
public prayer. 1749 Br. G. Lavincton Exthus. Methodists
(u754) IL. 55 Spiritual Desertions, inward Deadnesses. 1883
. DrumMonp Nat. Law in Spir. W. v. (1884) 160 The
spiritual deadnéss of humanity.
b. The state of being dead 40 something.
1745 WESLEY Answ. Ch. 7 Your Deadness to the World.
1786 Map. D’ArsBLay Diary 17 Sept., The deadness of the
whole Court to talents and genius. 1858 BusHnett Nat. &
Supernat, xiv, Deadness to God and all holy things.
3. Want of some characteristic physical quality ;
absence of lustre or colour, dullness; want of
taste; flatness, insipidity, etc.
1707-16 J. Mortimer (J.), Deadness or flatness in cyder.
1785 Saran Fievpinc Ophelia I. xix, I had perceived. .dead-
ness in the best complexions.
Dead - nettle (de-djne:t’l). See also Dra-
nETTLE. The English name for plants of the genus
Lamium (N.O. Labiate), having leaves like those
of a nettle, but which do not sting; esp. Z. album
White Dead-nettle, and Z. purpureum Red Dead-
nettle; also applied to Z, Galeobdolon (G. luteum)
Yellow Dead-nettle or Archangel, and occasionally
to species of Stachys or other labiates.
I Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvu. cxciii. (1495) 730 Of
netles is dowble kynde, one brennyth and bytyth, and
another manere hyghte the deed nettyil or the blynde nettyll.
1578 Lyte Dodoens 1. \xxxviii. 130 There be two kindes of
Dead Nettel. The one. .smelleth but little, the other. .hath
a strong and stinking sauour. 1794 Martyn Rousseau's
Bot. iv. 43 The white dead-nettle.. has no affinity with
nettles..except in the shape of the leaves. 1879 LusBock
Sci. Lect, i, 1 The Common White Deadnettle,
Dead oil: see Dean D. 2.
+ Dead palsy, dea‘d-pa:lsy. Os. [Drap
@.2a.] Palsy producing complete insensibility or
immobility of the part affected.
1592 CONSTABLE Son. 11. vii, Dead-palsey sicke of all my
chiefest parts. 1642 Futter Holy § Prof. State v. vi. 382
Now our Atheist hath a dead palsey, is past all sense. 1
R. Peirce Bath Mem. 1.iv. 59 The “Huctanyéa, or half stroke
Galety call’d the Dead Palsie, or Palsie of one Side). 1702
'EPysS Corr. 405 About three weeks since, Sir R. Dutton
was struck with the dead-palsy on his left side. He has re-
covered the motion, though not the use, of his hand and foot.
1712 Arsutunot ohn Bull 1. x, Frog was seized with
a dead palsy in the tongue. 1761 Mars. F. SHERIDAN Sidney
Bidulph U1. 217.
DEAD WATER.
+ Dead pay. Ods. [Cf. F. morte-paye.]
1. Pay continued to a soldier, etc. no longer in
active service ; a soldier receiving such pay.
1585 T. Wasnincton tr. Nicholay’s Voy. Turkie mi. iv.
76b, When these men. .can serve no longer in the warres..
they are sent as. .keepers of castles and towns, whom we do
cal dead payes. 1611 Cotcr., Morte-fayes, Dead-payes ;
Souldiers in ordinarie pay, for the gard of a fortresse, or
frontier Towne, during their liues. 1685 F. Spence House
of Medici 339 The citizens and Dead-payes nabb’d the
French at unawares. 1686 Lond. Gaz. No. 2196/1 Janisaries
..that being Superannuated. .receive a dead Pay of somuch
a day.
2. Pay continued in the name of a soldier or
sailor actually dead or discharged, and appropriated
by the officer; a person in whose name such pay
is drawn. (Cf. dead-share in Dean D. 2.)
1865 CALFHILL Answ. Treat. Crosse (1846) 62 Like a cove-
tous Captain will needs indent for a dead pay. 1627 Br.
Hatt G#, /izpostor Wks. 507 Like to some vnfaithfull cap-
taine that hath.. filled his purse with dead payes, and made
vp the number of his companies with borrowed men. 1639
MassincEer Unnat. Combat ww. ii, O you commanders That,
like me, have no dead pays, nor can cozen The commissary
ata muster, 1663 Perys Diary 13 Oct., The King..muster-
ing the Guards the other day himself..found reason to dis-
like their condition .. finding so many absent men, or dead
pays. 1867 SmytH Sazlor's Word-bk., Dead-pay, that
given formerly in shares, or for names borne, but for which
no one appears.
Dea‘d-point, dead point. Afech. [Deana.
IV.] That position of a crank at which it is in
a direct line with the connecting-rod, and at which
therefore the force exerted tends to thrust or pull
instead of turning the crank.
1830 Kater & Larpn. Mech. xviii. 254 The cranks are so
placed that when either is at its dead point, the other is in
its most favourable position, 1875 R. F. Martintr. Havrez’
Winding Mach. 72 One piston is on the dead point, and,
therefore, the other one alone must turn the engine round.
Dead reckoning. Nau/. [Deapa.V.] The
estimation of a ship’s position from the distance
run by the log and the courses steered by the com-
pass, with corrections for current, leeway, etc., but
without astronomical observations. Hence dead
LATITUDE (q. v.), that computed by dead reckon-
ing.
1613 M. Riptey Magn. Bodies 147 Keeping a true, not
a dead reckoning of his course. 1760 PEMBERTON in Phi/.
Trans. LI. g1t The latitude exhibited by the dead reckon-
ing of the ship, 1840 R. H. Dana Bef Mast xxxii. 124 We
had drifted too much to allow of our dead reckoning being
anywhere near the mark. 1891 Nature 3 Sept., ‘The log,
which for the first time enabled the mariner to carry out his
dead-reckoning with confidence, is first described in Bourne’s
‘Regiment for the Sea’, which was published in 1577.
Jig. 1868 Lowett Witchcraft Prose Wks. 1890 II. 372 ‘Vhe
mind, when it sails by dead reckoning. . will sometimes bring
up in strange latitudes,
Dead Sea. [transl. L. mare mortuum, Gr.
) vexpa Oddacoa (Aristotle). By the Grecks and
Romans the same name was given also to the
Arctic Ocean in the North of Europe: ? as devoid
of the presence of life, or of motion, currents, etc.]
The lake or inland sea in the south of Palestine,
into which the Jordan flows; it has no outlet, and
its waters are intensely salt and bitter.
c 1250 Genesis & Exod. 1123 De swarte flum, de dede se. -
c1325 EZ. £. Allit. P. B. 1020 Per faure citees wern set,
nov Is a seé called, Pat ay is drouy and dym, and ded in hit
kynde, Blo, blubrande, and blak .. Forpy pe derk dede see
hit isdemed. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 105 (Matz.)
Iudea..hab in be soube side pe dede Se. 1559 W. CuNNING-
HAM Cosmogr. Glasse 144 It is also called the dead sea,
because the water moveth not..nether can..any fishe live
there. 1825 J. Neat Bro. Yonathan Il. 350 Deader than
the dead-sea itself.
b. attrid., as in Dead Sea apple, Dead Sea
fruit = Apple of Sodom: see APPLE 3.
1868 Miss Brappon (¢7¢/e), Dead Sea Fruit. 1869 xg.
Mech. 24 Dec. 354/1 Dead Sea apples, Sodom apples, or mad
apples. .are occasionally imported from Bussorah. 1882 The
Garden 1 Apr. 220/1 The Asclepias above alluded to is what
has been called the Dead Sea Fruit. 1883 L. WincFiELD
A. Rowe III. vi. 119 The baked meats were Dead Sea fruit,
and stuck in her throat.
Dead set: see Set sd.
Dead-thraw (-throw), Sc. ff. DEATH-THROE.
Dea‘d-to e. A-name forthe umbelliferous
plant @nanthe crocata, from its paralysing effect
on the organs of speech.
1688 T, Lawson Let. in Ray’s Corr. (1848) 205 Gnanthe
Cicute-Jacie..about Kendal and Hiltondale, Westmoreland,
.. Where it is commonly called Dead Tongue. _ 17
Watson in PAil. Trans. XLIV. 233 This Oenanthe in
Cumberland, where the Country-People call it Dead
Ton: 1878 Cumbrid. Gloss., Deed tongue, the water
hemlock or dropwort plant, Gixanthe crocata.
Dead water, dead-water. [Dean a. 22.]
1. Water without any current ; still water.
160r HoLtanp Péiny I, 240 A standing poole or dead water.
1691 T. H[ace] Acc. New Jnvent. 122 Its broad side lying
to the Wind in dead water. 1874 Burnanp My Time xxii,
197 We pulled in. .and made for a quiet nook in dead-water.
attrib, 1792 J. Puwurs Hist, Inland Navig. Add. (1795)
29 The advantages of a dead-water navigation.
2. Naut, The eddy water just behind the stern of
a ship under way.
1627 Cart, SmitH Seaman's Gram. ix. 42 Dead water is
DEAD WEIGHT.
the Eddie water followes the sterne of the ship, not ing
away so ey se slides by her sides. c 1850 Rudim.
Navig. (Weale 114 Vessels with a round buttock have but
little or no dead-water.
3. The stillest state of the tide, when the rise
and fall are at a minimum; the neap tide. (Cf.
DEAD a. 27.)
186r Even Arte Nauig. u. xviii. 50 Whiche the Mariners
call nepe tydes..dead waters, or lowe fluddes.
Dead weight, dea‘d-weight. [Dxap a.
29.]
i The heavy unrelieved weight of an inert body.
(Ht. and fig.)
1660 Bove New Exp. Phys. Mech. xxxiii. 238 When the
Sucker came to be moved onely with a dead weight or
pressure. 1 Savery Miner's Friend 81 The Moving
Cause, as Mens Hands, Horses, or Dead Weight. | 1711
Suarress. Charac. 1. iii. (1737) 1. 67 Pedantry and Bigotry
are Mill-stones able to sink he best Book which carries the
least ert of their dead weight. 1844 Dickens Mart. Chuz.
xlvi, Mrs. Gamp. .forced him backwards down the stairs by
the mere oppression of her dead-weight.
b. dechn. (See quots.)
1858 Simmonps Dict, Trade, Dead Weight, heavy mer-
chandise forming part of a ship’s cargo. 1867 SmyTH
Sailor's Word-bk., Dead weight, a vessel's lading when it
consists of heavy goods, but particularly such as pay freight
according to their weight and not their stowage. 1874
Knicut Dict. Mech., Dead-weight, the weight of the vehicle
of any kind; that which must be transported in addition to
theload. 1881 Lussock in Nature No. 618. 412 The saving
in dead weight, by this improvement alone, is from 10 to 16
per cent.
2. A heavy inert weight ; fig. a heavy weight or |
burden pressing with unrelieved force upon a per-
son, institution, etc.
172t De For Mem. Cavalier ee) 282 The Scots ..were
always the dead weight upon the king’s affairs. 1785 C.
‘Tuomas in Med. Commun. 11.79 A lump or dead weight,
as he termed it, in his inside. 1 A. Younc 7?¥av. France
113 His character is a dead weight upon him. 1822 Haz-
Litt Table-t., Convers. of Lords (1852) 242 We not only
deter the student from the attempt, but lay a dead-weight
upon the imagination. 1876 F. E. Trottore Charming
Fellow U1. xviii. 229 It was extremely exhilarating. .to find
himself free. .of the dead weight of debt.
+3. ‘A name given to an advance by the Bank
of England to Government on account of the half-
pay and pensions of the retired officers of the Army
and Navy’ (Simmonds Dict. 7rade). Obs.
The debt was paid off by an annuity which ceased in 1867.
1823 Consett Rur. Rides (1885) I. 320 The six hundred
millions of Debt and the hundred and fifty millions of dead-
weight. 1826 J. Hume in Hansard XVI. 184-5 The year
1822, when Mr. Vansittart brought before parliament the
notable expedient to pay for the dead-weight..The country
were induced to believe, that in forty-four years the whole
of the dead-weight would be annihilated by the gradual
decrement, by death, of the persons to whom the allowances
out of it were payable. 1827 Gentd. Mag. XCVII. 1. 13
Placed on the superannuation or dead weight list.
Dead well, dea'd-we'll. [Dean a. 15, 22.]
1. A well dug down into a porous stratum, to
carry off surface or refuse water : called also adsorb-
ing well, dumb well. Cf. dead-hole (DEAD a. D. 2).
1852-61 Archit. Publ. Soc. Dict. 1. 5 In some parts of
England absorbing wells are known under the name of
dead wells. 1875 Ure Dict. Arts II. 10 Dead wells, wells
which are made to carry off refuse waters. | a
2. A ‘well’ or excavation into which the weights
of a large clock descend.
1867 Muscrave Nooks § Corners Old Fr. 1. 261 A ‘dead
well * ofsome twenty feet depth, which used to receive the
descending weights of a great clock.
Dead wood, dea'd-wood.
1. Wood dead upon the tree ; the dead branches
of fruit-trees, or the like ; hence jig.
To get, have, possess the deadavood (U.S. slang); to have
one at a disadvantage, secure the advantage. 3
1872 C. Kinc Mountain Sierra Nev. x. 211 He considered
himself to possess the ‘ dead-wood ’. | F
2. Naut. Solid blocks of timber fastened just
above the keel at each end of the ship, to strengthen
those parts. do T
1727-52 Cuampers Cyci. s.v. Ship (Plate) e rising or
Dead Wood. I Farconer Dict. Marine (1789), It de-
termines the heighth of the dead-wood, afore and abaft.
1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. IV. 187/2 The deadwood, stem-
son, and other ewehemogs:
attrib. 1792 Trans. Soc, Encourag. Arts X. 225To draw
the Kelson and dead-wood bolts out. 1867 Smytu Sailor's
Word-bk., Dead-2vood knees, the upper foremost and after-
most pieces of dead wood.
Dea‘d-work, dead work.
+1. Naut. (See gects) Obs.
1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto’s Trav. xxi. 75 Together with
all the dead works, as the cabins and galleries without.
1769 Fauconer Dict. Marine (1789), Dead-work, all that
part of a ship which is above water when she is laden.
¢1850 Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 154 Supernatant part of the
ship, that part which, when t, is above the water;
anciently expressed by the name of dead-work.
2. Mining. Work not directly productive, but
done in preparation for future work.
of R. B. Smytu Goldfields of Victoria 609 Dead-
work, the up or prep work for mining by
sinking shafts and winzes, drivin teveis and cross-cuts.
1872 Rayvmonp Statist. Mines 60 will. .save the ex-
pense of timbering, and much ‘dead work’ in prospecting.
3. Work in hand, not finished.
* 3888 Chicago Inter-Ocean (Farmer), To-night the joint
| for this eare is deafe.
64
cron _— ne circular ee men to awit
eve! ing but work. ily News 23 May
(Pailors Strike) Another man declared .. that they should
refuse to touch any of their ‘dead ' (i. e., work in hand) until
the strike was over,] :
Deady (dedi). s/ang. A name for gin, or for
a apn pal quality of gin.
{So called app. from the name of the distiller. The London
Directory for 1812 has D. Deady, Distiller and Brandy-
merchant, Sol’s Row, Tottenham Court Rd.] -
[1812 Sorting Mag. XXXIX. 138 At a public house
where Sam had been copiously sipping Deady’s max.] 1819
T. Moore Tom Crib’s Mem. Congress App., To quaff Our
Deady o'er some State Affairs. @1843 Soutuey Doctor
Interchapter xvi. (D.), Some of the whole-hoggery in the
House of Commons he would designate by Deady, or Wet
and Heavy; some by weak tea, others by lue-Ruin.
De-aerate: see De- Il. 1.
Deaf (def), z. Forms: 1-3 deaf, Orm. def,
(2-3 pi. deaue), 3-6 def, (3-5 f/. deue, 4 Ayenb.
dyaf, dyaue, dyeaue), 4-5 deef(f, (//. deeue),
4-6 defe, (deff(e, 5 deif, deyf(fe), 6 deefe, deaffe,
(Se. deifif), 6-7 deafe, 7- deaf. [A Common
Teutonic adj.: OE. déaf= OF ris. daf (WFris. doap),
OS. dif (MDu., Du., MLG. doof (v), LG. dof),
OHG. foup (6), (MHG. toup, Ger. taub), ON.
daufr (Sw. dif, Da. div), Goth. daufs (b) :—OTeut.
*/aud-oz, from an ablaut stem deubd-, daubd-, dud,
pre-Teut. dheubh-, to be dull or obtuse of percep-
tion: cf. Goth. afdaubnan to grow dull or obtuse,
also Gr. tupdAds (—Oup-) blind. The original
diphthong remains in north. dial.; in standard
Eng. the vowel was long until the modern period,
and go late as 1717-8 it was rimed with relief by
Prior and Watts ; the pronunciation (d7f) is still
widely diffused dialectally, and in the United States.
In many Eng. dialects the ea is still diphthongal, deea/]
1. Lacking, or dcicctive in, the sense of hearing.
c 82g lesp. Psalter xxxviili].14 Swe swe deaf ic ne ge[herde].
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 129 Alse to deue men. ¢ 1200
Ormtn 15500 Dumbe menn & dafe. a1225 St. Marher.20
Noder dumbe ne deaf. cr Cuaucer Pol. 446 But she
was somdel deef [v.”. def, defe] and pat was scathe. 1398
Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvi. cles evin. (=491729 Vynegre
helpith deyf eeres. ¢ 1440 Promp. Parv. 115 Deffe, surdus.
1538 Starkey England 212 As you wold tel a tale to adeffe
man, x60r Suaks. Fz. C. 1. ii. 213 Come on my right hand,
1717 Prior Alma n, 366 Till death
shall bring the kind relief, We must be patient, or be deaf.
1718 Watts Ps. cxxxv. 7 Blind are their eyes, their ears are
deaf [rime relief]. 1818 Scotr Hrt. Midl. xxxv, You know
our good Lady Suffolk is a little deaf. 1871 B. Taytor
Faust (1875) IL. 1. i. 5 In the rocks beneath the leaf, If it
| strikes you, you are deaf,
b. aésol., esp. in pl. the deaf, deaf people.
c1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xi. 5 Blinde zeseop. .deafe Ze-
hyrap. ¢ 1200 Vices § Virtues (1888) 75 pe blinde, de dumbe,
de deaue, Se halte. 1300 Cursor M. 13107 (Cott.) Pe def
has hering, blind has sight. 1611 Biste /sa. xxxv. 5 Then
..the eares of the deafe shalbe vnstopped. 1855 BrowninG
Master Hugues xxvi, Who thinks Hugues wrote for the
deaf?..try again; what’s the clef?
ec. fig. said of things.
ax000 Fuliana 150 Pat ic..dumbum and deafum deofol-
zieldum. .gaful onhate. 1605 SHaxs. Macé. v. i. 81 Infected
mindes To their deafe pillowes will discharge their secrets.
1821 SHELLEY / Seay si
heard my agony?
d. Proverbial | pele As deaf as an adder or a@
post (formerly and still dialectally as deaf as a door,
door-post, door-nail, etc.) ; none so deaf as those who
won't hear. (Deafness is attributed in the Bible,
Ps, lviii. 5, to the adder (= fethen the asp); cf.
the name deaf-adder in 7.) :
[a 1400-g0 Alexander 4747 Dom as a dore-nayle & defe
was he bathe.] _ 1551 Crowiry Pleas. § Pain 93 Ye deafe
dorepostis, coulde By not heare? 1562 J. Heywoop Prov. &
Epfigr. (1867) 143 Who is so deafe, as he that will not heare.
I Breton Mis. Mavillia Wks. (Grosart) 49 (D.) He isas
deafe asadoore. 1611 Cotcr., Sourd comme vn tapis, as
deafe as a doore-nayle (say we’. @ 1693 Urquuart adelais
1. xxxiv, He was as deaf asa Door-nail. 1824 Bentuam Bh.
of Fallacies Wks. 1843 11. 412 None are so comeey,
eaf as those who will not hear. a@ 184g Hoop 7 ale of
Trumpet iv, She was deaf as a post .. And as deaf
twenty similes more, Including the adder, that deafest of
snakes.
[c82g Vesp. Ps. lvii. 4 (5) Swe nedran deafe. 1
Coverp. bl Like the deaf ‘Adder that stoppeth hir Pam |
e. Deaf and dumb: also used adsol, (= Dear-
mute) and thence attri}., as ‘a deaf-and-dumb
alphabet’.
1225 Ancr. R, 108 Ich heold meal stille .. ase dumbe &
deaf d naued non onswere. c1400 Destr, Troy 4281
pot it defe were & doumbe, dede as a ston. TR ¢:
Srrapuine Divine Poems wm. xlvi. 96 The deaf-and-dum!
he made to heare and speake. 1669 Hover Elem. Speech
App. 114 Now as to the most general case of those who are
deaf and dumb, I say they are dumb by consequence from
theirdeafness. 1774 Jounson West. /s/. Wks. X. 520 There
is .. in Edinb .. a college of the deaf and dumb, =
Tytor Early Hist. Man, i. 17 The real deaf-and-dum'
language of signs. }
f. In restricted sense: Insensible /o certain kinds
of sounds, musical rhythm, etc.
1784 Cowrer Task vi. 646 Deaf as the dead to harmony.
r YNDALL Glac. 1. Xxili. 167 A world of sounds to which
I had been before quite deaf. 1870 Lowet Study Wind.
(1886) 241 His remarks upon versification are .. instructive
to whoever is not rhythm-deaf.
Unb, 1. 29 Have its deaf waves not ,
“DEAF.
2. fig. Not giving ear ; unwi
inattentive. Const. /o (+ a).
deaf ear Sey,
R. Guouc, (Rolls) 7220 Hii bep deue & blinde iwys,
pat hii nollep non yhure ne yse. 1393 Lane. P.
Pi. C, xu. 61 For god is def now a dayes nouht
to hu ©1440 Hytton Scala Perf. (W. ~ 1494)
11. xxii, deef ere to hem ast pou herde hem not,
1548 Upatt, etc. Zrasm. Par. Matt. tii. 30 Mankinde was
in a manner deaffe at the law of nature. Suaxs. Timon
1. ii. 257 Oh that mens eares should be To Counsell deafe,
tar beth gene ENN is te dest at ey pagers:
t t re itty to at my
1710-11 Swift Fru Stetha 7 Feb., I was deaf to all intrea-
ties. c1780 Burns Duncan Gray, Duncan fleech’d and
Duncan pray’d ; Meg was deaf as Ailsa Craig. 1838 Txrec-
WALL Greece II. xiii. 167 They were deaf to his summons.
1887 R. N. Carey Uncle Max xxvi. 207, 1 prudently turned
a deaf ear to this question.
+3. Dull, stupid; absurd. Oés.
c1440 Promp. Parv. 116 Deffe, or dulle (K. defte, H. P.
deft), obtusus, agrestis. 1482 in Eng.Gilds (1870) 315 Tailors’,
Exeter, Callenge hym knaffe, or , OF fe, Or any
yoder mysname. 1541 R. CorLanp Gadyen's Terapeutyke
2 Bivb, Otherwyse it shulde be a deafe thynge that y°
thynge whiche is no more beynge shulde requyre curacyon.
+4. Numb, without sensation. Ods. rare.
1g.. L. Anprew Noble Lyfe m. xcii. in Babees Bk. 239
Torpido is a fisshe, but who-so handeleth hym shalbe lame
& defe of lymmes, that he shall fele no ba
+5. Of sounds: So dull as to be hardly or indis-
Cf. F. bruit sourd.)
e deaf and confused
. Browne Polex. 1. 106
to hear or heed,
rase. fo turn a@
1637 Rutuerrorp Lett. (1862) I. pt: I live upon no deaf
nuts, as we use to § see 1 Scorr
Let. to C. K. Sharpe 30 Dec. in The appoint-
ments .. are £ sd a year—no deaf nuts. _ 1858 De Quincey
Autobiog. Sk. Wks. 1. 88 A blank day, yielding absolutely
nothing—what children call a deaf nut, offering no kernel.
+c. ~~ arch =blind arch. Ods. rare.
1815 Ann. Reg. Chron. 43 In one of the deaf Arches, im-
liately adjoining the dle arch of the bridge.
7. Comb., etc., as deaf-eared, +-minded adjs. ;
deaf-adder [cf. 1 d], a local name in England for
the slow-worm or blind-worm, in U.S. for certain
snakes supposed to be venomous ; deaf-dumb =
DEAF- MUTE; deaf-dumbness, dumbness or
aphonia arising from deafness; deaf-ear, (a) =
AURICLE 3; + (0) a cotyledon or seed-leaf of some
plants ; deaf-nettle = DEAD-NETTLE,
1806 Potwnete /ist. Cornwall VIL. yyy have a kind
hich we call the i : itis worm
‘s * Ney TS
nosed snake .. Other names ‘ew York are q
Adder and Buckwheat-nosed Adder. Goop Study
Med. (ed. 4) 1. 423 A. *deaf-dumb boy. /did. 421 The extent
of Knowledge .. which the deaf-dumb have occas’
exhibited. Zéid. 418 Aphonia Si _*Deaf-dumb:
ness. 1883 B. W. Ricnarvson Field of Disease vi. 262
Deaf Iting .. from actual disease, or from deaf-
pests 36 CROOK Body of Man 374 At the Basis of
the heart on either side han an appendixe .. which is
called the Eare, not from any profite, Action or vse it
Galen
ine..is recei the right deafe-eare. 1796
Mas. Grasses C v.68 Wash a large beast's clean,
and cut off the Fears. 1725 Braptey Fam. Dict, s.v.
mind they
which are
Parv. 116 *Deffe net
Gabelhouer’s Bh. Phy:
Deaf ( v.
6 Sc. deif(f, 6-7 deeff(e, deafe, deaff, 7- deaf.
[f. Dear a.; or an assimilation of the earlier
Deave 2. to the form of the adj.]
+1. intr. Po iene eairece. 4
Patscr. , I deefe, I begyn to wante my hearing.
rans, ‘To make deaf, to deafen.
;
{
:
;
;
j
DEAFEN.
¢ 1460 Towneley Myst. 3x4 Then deffes hym with dyn the
bellys of the kyrke When thai clatter. 1530 PAtsGr, 5009/2
Thou deeffest me with th eng soloude. 1595 SHaks.
Yohn u. i, 147 What cracker is this same that deafes our
eares With this abundance of superfluous breath? 1697
Drypen Aineid vu. 130 A swarm of thin aérial shapes
appears, And, flutt’ring round his temples, deafs his ears.
1728 Vansr. & Cis. Prov. Hush. u.i, Lord! this Boy is
enough to deaf People. 1877 Holderness Gloss., Deeaf, to
deafen with noise.
b. FE. and transf.
1596 pGE Marg. Amer. 7 Then marched forth ech
squadron, deaffing the aire with their cries. 1615 T. ADAMS
Blacke Devill 13 Yet still [he] deafes himselfe to the cry of
his owne conscience. 1637 Nasses Microcosm. in Dodsley
IX. 127 If she urge Those accusations, deaf thy under-
parry Arig her sug estions. 182x Byron Heav. & Earth
iii. 283 No more.. their last cries shall shake the
Almighty urpose, Or deaf obedient ocean, which fulfils it.
3. To drown (a sound) wth a louder sound.
1640 G. Assotr ¥ob Paraphr. xxxix. 251 Deafing their
noise .. with his loud and daring neighings. 18zr CLare
Vill. Minstr. 11. 95 The birds... Were often deaf'd to silence
with her song.
Hence Dea‘fing v0/. sb. and ffl. a.
1612 Two Noble Kinsm. v. iii. 9 "Gainst the which there
is No deafing but to hear. 1647 H. More Poems, Oracle
39 The deafing surges, that with rage do boyl.
Deafen (de‘f'n),v. Also 7 deaffen. [f. Dear
a.: see -EN sufix5, A later synonym of prec.]
1. trans. To make deaf, to deprive of the power
of hearing ; to stun with noise. Also fig.
1597 [see DEAFENING Af/. a. 1]. 1611 CotGr., Assourdir,
to deafen, or make deafe. 1634 Hasincton Castara (Arb.)
9 We beginne To live in silence, when the noyse oth’
Bench Not deafens Westminster. 1717 Lapy M. W.
Montacu Le?¢t. 1 Jan., Hunting horns..that almost deafen
the Company. 1855 Macautay Hist. Eng. IV. 269 Racine
left the g: d..deafened, dazzled, and tired to death.
2. To render (a sound) inaudible; to drown dy
a louder sound.
1823 Cuatmers Sern. I. v. 126 With whom the Voice of
God is therefore deafened by the voice and testimony of men,
1827 Coorer Prairie I. vii. 102, I tarried till the mouths of
my hounds were deafened by the blows of the chopper.
3. Building. 'To make (a floor or partition) im-
pervious to sound by means of pugging. Hence
Dea‘fening vé/. sb., material used for this purpose,
pugging ; deafening-board, a board fixed between
floor-joints to prevent sound from passing through
the floor.
c1814 T. Somervitte Life (1861) 337 Few of the floors
were deafened or plastered. 1839 M. Larever Mod. Archit.
111 Strips nailed on the sides of the beams, to support
the dea! acing board. 1864 Glasgow Herald g Apr., The
heavy load of earth which has been put in for deafening.
+4. intr. To become deaf. Ods. rare.
1680 [see DEAFENING 2].
Hence Dea‘fened //. a.
1608 Suaks. Per. v. i. 47 She.. with her sweet harmonie
..would..make a battrie through his deafend parts. 1678
Dryven & Lee Gdipus u. Wks. (1883) V1. 172 Methinks
my deafened ears Are burst.
Deafe: (de'f’nin), Af7. a. [-1NG 2.]
1. That deafens or stuns with noise.
1597 Suaxs. 2 Hen. /V, 11. i. 24 With deaff’ning Clamors,
1 Mitton P. Z. 11. 520 All the host of Hell With deaf-
ning shout return’d them loud acclaim. x Cowrer /liad
1x. 714 The tumult and the deaf’ning din of war. 1858
Frouve Hist. Eng. U1. 498 The deafening storm of de-
nunciation which burst out.
+2. Becoming deaf. Obs. rare.
1680 Eart Roscom. Poems (1780) 81 Music no more
delights our deaf’ning ears,
Hence Dea‘feningly adv., ina deafening manner.
1827 Hare Guesses (1859) 326 And beat it they do deafen-
ingly, at every corner of a street.
affe, obs. form of Dear.
De-afforest (diifp-rést), v. [ad. med.L. de-
afforest-are see DxE- pref. II. 1 and AFForEsT v.]
= DISAFFOREST.
1640 Act 16 Chas. I, c.16§5 The grounds Territories or
places which have beene or are Deafforrested. 1670 BLounT
Law Dict., De-afforested, that is discharged from being
Forest ; or, that is freed and exempted from the Forest-
Laws. 1839 Battey Festus xix. (1848) 208 The paradise
Initiate of the soul. .that pleasant place, Erst deafforested.
So De-affo:resta‘tion = DISAFFORESTATION.
1659 Anc. Land-Mark betw. Prince & People 15 [They]
rocured many deafforrestations for the people. 1671 F.
HILLIPS Reg. Necess. 498 Their many deafforrestations.
+ Dea‘flhead. Os. [See -HEAD.] Deafness.
1350 in Archaeol. XXX. 351 For defhed of hed & for
dul herynge.
Deafish (de'fif), a. [f. Dzar a.+-1sH.] Some-
what deaf.
161 CotGr., Sourdastre, deafish, thicke of hearing. 1664
Corton Scarron. 1v. (1741) 85 For still thou deafish art to’t.
1794-6 E. Darwin Zoon, (1801) II. 443 Ether dropped into
the ears of some denfish people.
Deafly (de'fli), adv. [f. as prec. + -tx2.] In
a deaf manner; a. Without hearing (/i7. and fig.);
b. Dully, indistinctly ; ‘ obscurely to the ear? (J.).
cr R. Brunne Chron. Wace 5236 Bot Iulius Cesar
wold hym nought here; fful deflike [v. 7. defly] herde
he his preyere. 1 Hutoet, Deaflye, suvde. 1626 T.
H[{awkxins] Caussin’s Holy Crt. 36 They might — )
deafly attend deuotion in the silence of a little family. 827
Pottox Course T, 1, 1022 Blindly, deafly, obstinate. a 1861
Ctovcn Misc. Poems, Uranus 21 Deafly heard Were
hauntings dim of old astrologies,
VoL, III.
65
‘| Deafly deep. Of uncertain meaning. With quot.
1400 cf. devely, DEVILY a,
¢ 1400 Sowdone Bab, 265 The Dikes were so develye depe,
Thai helde hem selfe Chek-mate. 1605 SyLvesTER Du
Bartas i. iii. 1v. (1641) 184/2 Rivers the most deafly-deep.
Deafly, var. form of DEAVELY a.
Deaf-mute, @., sd. [After F. sourd-muet.]
a. Deafanddumb. b. One who is deaf and dumb,
1837 Penny Cycl. VIII. 322/2 s.v. Deaf and Dumb, In
all these conditions of deafness, the person is consequently
mute, or dumb, Hence the expression Deaf-Mute, as used
in the continental languages, and Deaf and Dumb, as used
in England and America. 1865 New Syd. Soc. Year-Bk.
for 1864. 479 A deaf-mute child. 188x H. James Portr.
Lady xxv, He might as well address her in the deaf-mute’s
alphabet.
Hence Dea‘f-mu‘teness,
condition of a deaf-mute.
1874 H. R. Reynotps Yohn Baft. ii. 109 The deaf-mute-
ness of Zacharias, 1865 New Syd. Soc. Year-Bk. for 1864.
18 Congenital deaf-mutism. 1874 Roosa Dis. Ear 515
eaf-muteism is caused by diseases of the middle and in-
ternal ears. 1884 A. J. Extis in Athengum 12 Jan. 55/2
This art [of lip-reading], the keystone of the modern bridge
from deaf-mutism to deaf sociality.
Deafness (de‘fnés). For forms see Dar a.
[See -nEss.] The state or condition of being deaf.
1398 Trevisa Barth, de P. R. v. xii. (1495) 117 Yf colera be
wasted in deyf men, deifnes is taken = c 1440 Promp.
Parv. 116 Deffenesse, surditas, 1610 SHaks. Zem7p. 1. Li.
106 Your tale, Sir, would cure deafenesse. 1682 J. Norris
Hverocles 138 The blindness and deafness of those Souls
which fall into Vice. 1860 TYNDALL G/ac. 1. xxiii. 167 The
deafness was es due to a strain of the tympanum.
Deaken, -on, deakne, obs. ff. DEAcon.
Deal (dil), 54.1 Forms: 1-3 dl, (1 dael),
3-6 del, 4-5 deel, delle, 4-6 dell, 4-7 dele, 5
deyll, 5-6 deele, deill(e, 6 deyle, (daill), 5-7
deale, 6 deall, 6- deal. [A common Teut. sb. :
OE. d#/, corresp. to OFris. dé/, OS. dé? (MDu.,
Du. deel, MLG. del, deil, LG. deel, dél), OHG.,
MHG.,, mod.G. ¢e7/, Goth. daz/-s:—OTeut. *daz/i-::
ef. Lith. dalis, OSlav. dé part, délit? to divide.
Beside the form d#/ (with # umlaut of ¢=OTeut.
at), OE. had also, without umlaut, dé/, whence
Dots and DaLE?.]
I. A part, portion, amount.
+1. A part or division of a whole; a portion,
fraction, section. Ods.
a 800 Corpus Gloss. 548 Conpetentes portiunculas, zelim-
plice daele. c888 K. ALFRED Boeth. xxxiii. § 2 Hi..heora
god on swa manize dzlas todelap. c 1000 Ags. Gosf. Matt.
xxvii, 51 Das temples wah-ryft weard tosliten on twe3zen
dzlas. cx12og Lay. 21125 He a fif dele dzlde his ferde.
1340 Ayenb, 164 Pe filozofes .. to-delden pise uirtues ine zix
deles, 1398 Trevisa Barth. de P. R. xiv. iii. (1495) 469
Monteynes .. passe vpwarde aboue the other deale of the
londe. c1440 Promp. Parv. 117 Dele, or parte, porcio.
1594 Carew Zasso (1881) 9 He ceast, and vanisht flew to
th’ vpper deale, And purest portion of the heauenly seat.
+b. With an ordinal number, expressing an
aliquot part of the whole. See also HALF-DEAL.
971 Blickl. Hom, 35 We sceolan.. de ott sage teoban dzl
ure worldspeda. c¢ 1205 Lay. 3019 Pea pridde del of mine
londe. ¢1350 Will. Palerne 1284 Pe furpe del of a furlong.
1393 Gower Conf. II. 198 Be so that he the halve dele Hem
graunt. c1430 7'wo Cookery-bks. 21 Take pe to del 30lkys
of e770m be ridde dele Hony. 1 Act 26 Hen. VI/1,
c. 3 § 23 The moitie and halfe deale of euery suche pension.
1535 CoverDALE Lev. xiv. 10 Thre tenth deales of fyne
floure. 160r Hottanp Pliny vu. 1, A good moity and halfe
deale thereof. 16x Biste Nu, xv. 9, A meate offering of
three tenth deales of flowre. 1737 Wuiston ¥Yosephus’
Antig. m1. x § 5 The --bring one tenth deal to the altar.
+c. With indefinite and distributive numerals,
as a, each, every, never a, no, some, etc. See also
EVERY-DEAL, SOME-DEAL, etc. Ods. or arch.
¢1200 OrmIN 1720 All wass it filledd iwhillc del Purh
Crist i Cristess time. @ 1300 Cursor M. 20276 (Cott.) O pine
ne sal i thol na dele. ¢1384 CHaucer H, Fame 1. 331
Suche godelyhede In — and neuer a dele of cantbe
15.. Merline 896 in Furniv. Percy Folio 450 That this
woman hath told eche deale, certez I beleeue itt weele.
1531 Eryot Gov. 1. xx, The straunge kynge .. understode
euery dele of the mater. [1870 MaGnusson & Morris
Volsunga Saga 67 Then Sigurd ate some deal of Fafnir's
heart, x . Payne 1001 Nights 1X. 166 Moreover, they
ate not anydele of the food that remained in the tray.]
+d. With other, and comparative words, as
more, most, less, better, and the like, distinguishing
one of two parts, or a part from the remainder.
The other deal: the other part, the rest, the re-
mainder. Zhe better deal (fig.): the superiority,
the better. or the most deal: for the most part,
mostly, on most occasions. Ods.
1258 Eng. Proclam, Hen, III (Trans, Philol. Soc.
1868/9, 19), Vre redesmen alle, oper pe moare dal of heom,
Dea‘f-mu‘tism, the
1297 Louc. (Rolls) 7582 Pe mestedel of heyemen .. Beb
icome of pe Normans. expe Sir Ferumb, He..ne
a-3en no man ne tok querel..pat he ne hadde betere
deel. 1, TREVISA
igden (Rolls) II. “3 Now for
moste deel he fleeb mannys siz3t. 1398 — Barth de P. R.
v. i. (Tollem. MS.), Pey beb greuous age dele of be body
[residuo corporis). ax. Alexander 5568 dre3est
deele of paim died of his dukis handis. 1447 BokKENHAM
Seyntys (Roxb.) 164 Whan she hys feet anoyntyd had weel
> gig ys heed she poryd the tothir deel. 1481 Caxton
Ceyserd, xvi. (Arb.) 35 He made it so that he had the beste
dele, I not halfe my parte. cxsxx 1st Eng. Bk, Amer.
(Arb.) Introd. 30/1 Wherof ye moost deyle is. .kyt of of the
DEAL.
holy Romes chyrche. 1872 BossEwELt Armorie u. 53 b,
All the other deale of his body hathe the fourme of a fing
hounde.
te. By the tenth deal: ten-fold; by a thousand
deal; a thousandfold. Apparently an erroneous
use originating in negative expressions where it
means ‘not by the tenth or thousandth part’ (see
quot. 1400).
¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 261 If bei now powere
had of vs, wite 3e wele, Streiter we suld be lad bi be tend
dele. ¢1384 Cuaucer 17, Fame 1. 405 Woxen on high..
Wel more be a thousande dele Than hyt was erst. ¢ 1400
Rom. Rose 1074 In this world is noone it lyche, Ne by
a thousand deelle so riche. 1401 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 31
Then was it better doe than is nowe. .by athousand dele.
+2. A part allowed or apportioned to any one ;
a portion, share, dole. Ods. exc. dial.
c825 Vesp. Psalter cxii. 6 [cxlii. 5] Du eard hyht min
dzl min in eordan lifgendra. c1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke xv.
12 Fader, syle me minne dzl minre zhte. ¢ 1325 Coer de
L. 2220 Their tresour and their meles He toke to his own
deles. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 407 He delep his
mete at be mel, And 3euep eueriche manis del. 15.. Ay,
& Hermyt 337 in Hazl. £. P. P. 1. 25 Every man schall
have his dele. 1535 CoveRDALE t Sam. i. 5 But vnto Anna
he gaue one deale heuely for he loued Anna. 1647 Her-
ricK Noble Numbers, Widdowes Teares, The deale Of
gentle paste and yeelding Dow That thou on widdowes
didst bestow. 1806 ForsytH Beauties Scotl. 1V. 132 The
remainder [of the monty) is divided into shares, called deals,
Soperting to the number of persons entitled to a portion
of it.
b. A portion or share of land ; cf. DALE? 1 and
DoteE sb.1
1600 Sc. Acts Fas. VJ (1814) IV. 241 The cottaris deallis,
and aucht akeris of land occupyit be fischeris of Ferne.
1633 Sc. Acts Chas. [ (1814) V. 125 The tua dealles of land
lyand betuix the lands of Grainge and Haltounehill. 1851
Cumbrid, Gloss., Deail, a narrow plot of ground in a com-
mon-field, set out by land-marks.
3. A quantity, an amount; qualified as good,
great, vast, or the like; formerly, also, as foor,
small, little, etc. A great deal: a large part,
portion, allowance, or amount (of anything), very
much. 4 good deal: aconsiderable amount. Cf.
Lot (in @ great lot, good lot, etc.».
c 1000 Sax. Leechd. 11, 202 Micel dzl bewylledes wxteres
on hunizes godum dale. c1230 Hadi Meid. 29 Ha. .3isced
pah after muchele deale mare. a@1300 Cursor M. 13493
(Cott.) Hai par was a mikel dele. @ 1400-50 Alexander
3703 Coupis .. bai fande bot a fewe dele forged of siluir.
1430 Two Cookery-bks. 15 Safroun, & a gode dele Salt.
1570 Levins Manip. 207/37 A lyttle deale, Jarum. 1596
Suaks, 1 Hen. JV, 11. iv. §92 But one halfepenny-worth of
Bread to this intollerable deale of Sacke! 1609 Biste
(Douay) 2 Mace. iii. 6 The treasurie at Ierusalem was ful
of innumerable deale of money. 1621 J. Maver £xg.
Catech. 207 Where ignorance preuaileth there can be but
a poore deale of loue. 1673 Ray Fourn. Low C. 57 There
being so vast a deal of room, that 40,000 people may shelter
themselves in it. 1685 H. More Some Cursory Refl. A ij b,
To make such a Tragical deal ado about it. 1711 HEARNE
Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) III. 223 A great Deal of Lead.
1771 FRANKLIN Axtobiog. Wks. 1840 I. 6 He was also a
good deal of a politician. 1790 Beatson Nav. § Mil.
Mem. 1. 183 A most violent hurricane, which did an in-
credible deal of damage. 1874 C. Geikir Life in Woods vi.
102 A good deal of rain having fallen. 1875 Jowett Plato
(ed. 2) I. 103 There is a great deal of truth in what you say.
b. absol. (the thing referred to being implied
or understood),
c1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 2971 Aftirwarde a litel dele,
Cuthbert was prayde to karlele, Prestes to ordayne. 1659
Burton's Diary (1828) IV. 451, I see no need of it. The
danger is a great deal. 1711 STEELE Sfect. No. 51 P 2
But there is a great deal to be said in Behalf of an Author.
1720 DE For Caft. Singleton xvi. (1840) 271 Our beef and
hogs.. being not yet all gone by a good deal. 1765 A.
Dickson Treat. Agric. (ed. 2) 160 A great deal depends
ce the just proportions of its several parts, 1871 B.
‘AYLOR Faust 1. Prelude 3 They’ve read an awful deal.
189 in Law Times XCI. 233/2 Whatever may be thought
of the..propriety of a good deal that was done.
4. A deal is used pregnantly for a good or great
deal, etc. ; an undefined, but considerable or large
quantity (vavely number) ; a ‘ lot’. collog.
15.. Mylner of Abyngton soin Hazl. £. P. P. III. 102 Of
each mannes corne wolde he steale More than his toledish by
adeale. 1597 Gerarve Herbal. xxxi. § 1. 42 Nothing else
but a deale of flocks set and thrust togither. 1601 SHAKs.
Twel. N. m. i. 157 O what a deale of scorne lookes beauti-
full In the contempt and anger of his lip! 1627-77 FELTHAM
Resolves 1, xxx. 52 What a deal of sweetness do we find
in a mild disposition? 174 RicHarpson Pame/da (1824) 1.
xxii. 34 He and Mrs. Jervis had a deal of talk, as she told
me. 19777 Jounson Let. 16 Oct., I have a deal to look
after. 1780 Phil. Trans. LXX. 493 A tornado last night,
with a deal of rain, thunder, and lightning. 1832 Hr.
Martineau Life in Wilds v. 62 Saving us a deal of trouble.
1875 Jowett Plato I. 351 Talking a deal of nonsense.
II. Adverbial uses.
+5. Connected with the notion of ‘ part, bit,
whit’: Any deal, to any extent, any whit; some
deal, to some extent, somewhat ; each deal, each
a deal, every deal, tlk a deal, every bit, every whit,
entirely; Aalfen deal, half ; mesten del, for the most
art, mostly. See also EVERYDEAL, HALFENDEAL,
OMEDEAL, etc. Ods.
a 700 Epinal Gloss, 731 Partim, sume daeli (Erfurt sume
dal) a1225 St. Marher. 17 We luued bi pe lufte alre
mesten del. @ 1300-1440 [see Eacu id]. ar Cursor
M. 17400 (Cott.) Your sagh es lese, euer-ilk del. Ei 1340
9
DEAL,
Jbid. 23532 (Trin.) Wipouten tariynge any dele. 1375-3718
{see Sicceeat 2). 1400 ste al Bab, 2016 ‘Ville he
were rosted to colis ilkadele. 1471 RipLey Comp. Alch. u.
in Ashm. (1652) 138 The whych unknowen thy Warke ys
lost ech dele. 1513 Dovctas xeis u. iv. 33 As I sall
schew the verite ilka deil. 1553 Grimatpr Cicero's Offices
106 a, Was hee any deale the richer? 1590 Spenser /. Q.
mm, ix. 53 The..hevenly lampes were halfendeale ybrent.
1710 Puitirs Pastorals iv. 25 Albeit some deal I pipe.
+b. In the negative ever a deal, no deal, not
a deal: never a bit, not a whit, not at all. -Ods.
c1aso Gen. & Ex, 230 It ne wrocte him neuere a del.
¢1340 Cursor M. 23332 (Trin.) Of hem shul bei rewe no del.
1422 Hoccieve Tale Yonathas 277 Hir conpaignie he
nat a deel forsooke. c 1450 St. Cut, (Surtees) 4678 Pe
pepill it lyked neuer a dele. 1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par.
‘Yohn vii. 57 Neuer a deale moued to cum to better aduise-
ment. 1569 Stocker Diod. Sic. 1. xliv. 100 His father was
no deale contented with the league. 1579 Tomson Calvin's
Serm. Tim. 392/1 They .. are neuer a deale more accept-
able to God. a 1600 Caftaine Care xxvi. in Child Ballads
III. vt. clxxviii. 431/2 His harte was no dele lighte.
6. Connected with the notion of ‘amount’ or
‘extent’: A great deal, toa great extent or degree,
greatly, very much ; @ good deal, to a considerable
extent or degree, considerably ; a vast deal, vastly;
+ much deal, etc. a. as verbal adjuncts.
1562 Win3ET Certain Tract. i. Wks. 1888 I. 3 To lat
down ane grete dele thair hie sailis. 1572 Forrest 7heo-
philus 159 (in Anglia VII.) The iuste prayer much deale
for to prevayle. 1719 De For Crusoe (1840) IIL. viii. 183,
I..bled..a great deal. a 1845 Hoop Last Man xxvii, The
beggar man grumbled a weary deal. 1887 Sata in ///ust.
Lond. News 19 Mar., I had travelled a good deal in earth-
quaking lands. .
b. as adjuncts of adjectives or adverbs in the
comparative or superlative, or their equivalents.
1526 Tinpate Mark x. 48 He cryed the moore a greate
deale. 1578 Lyte Dodoens vi. xlii. 713 Wilde Peares..
do drie and stop a great deale more then the others.
1581 G. Pertie tr. Guazzo's Civ. Conv. (1586) u. 88b, The
kitchin was a greate deale too little. 1 Locke Educ.
§ 160 To have them [letters] a pretty deal bigger than he
should ordinarily write. 1796 Jane Austen Pride § Prej.
vi. (1813) 11 You are a great deal too apt. .to like people in
general. 1870 Dickens £. Drood viii, You take a great
deal too much upon yourself. 1875 Jowett Plato I. 493 At
a point a good dal lower than that at which they rose.
7. A deal: to an undefined but considerable
amount or extent; much. co//og.
1756 Totvervy Hist. Two Orphans III. 21 She talked a
deal. 1811 Lams Guy Faux, The La ey of this dilemma
is a deal too shocking to think of. rs. GASKELL North
& S. xvii, Beside, I shall be a deal here to make it more
lively for thee. 1857 HucHes Tom Brown. iv, You boys |
of this generation are a deal tenderer fellows than we used
to
be.
III. 8. Comd. (in OE. and early ME.), as |
+ del (dal) neominde, -takand, participator, sharer ; |
+ del-taking, participation; + dealsman (Sc.), a
partner, sharer.
c825 Vesp. Psalt. cxviii[i]. 63 Daelniomend ic eam alra
ondredendra dec. ea Lamb, Hom. 47 Beo heo dal
neominde of heofene riches blisse. arzzo00o £. E. Psalter
cexviii. 63 Del-takand I am ofal be dredand. /7d. cxxi[i]. 3
Of wham in him self del-taking hisse. 1563 Aderdeen Reg.
V. 25 Jam.) The awnaris and delismen of the said schip.
Deal (d71), 54.2 [f. Dean v.] An act or the
act of dealing.
1. The act or system of dividing into parts for
distribution ; sharing.
1873 ep G. Bertram Harvest of Sea 331 At that time
most of the herring boats of Shellbraes were managed on
the sharing system, or by ‘the deal’, as it was called.
+ 2. Dealing ; intercourse. Sc. See DALE? 2.
1588 A. Kinc tr. Canisius’ Catech. 6 To haue carnel deale
with ane vper mans vyffe. 1594 WiLLopiE Avisa xix, Be-
cause you love a secret deale.
3. Cards. The distribution to the players of the
cards required for a game; +a single round or
game marked by one distribution of the cards (0ds.),
1607 Heywoop Woman Killed with Kindness Wks. 1874
II. 123 My minds not on my game; Many a deale I haue
lost. — Corton Compl. Gamester xi, At French Ruff you
must lift for deal. 1728 Swirt Prnd. of Mod. Lady, How
can the muse..in harmonious numbers put The deal, the
shuffle, and the cut? 1739 Gray Let. to Mother ax June,
You sit down, and play forty deals without intermission.
1778 C. Jones Hoyle’s Games Impr. 61 You risk the losing
three or four Tricks in that Deal to gain one only, 1860
Bohn’s Handbk, Games u. 68 If a card is faced in the deal,
there must be a new deal, unless it is the last card.
4. An act of dealing or buying and selling ; a
business transaction, bargain. vulgar or slang.
18; Hatisurton Clockm. (1862) 305 Six dollars apiece
for the pictures is about the fair deal for the price. 186
Hucues Tom Brown at Oxf. vi. (1889) 52 He wanted to
have a deal with me for Jessy [mare]. 1879 E. K. Bates
Fett. Bonds |. iii. 5x He wants to make a deal for some
chickens and vegetables in the morning.
b. spec. A transaction of an underhand or ques-
tionable nature; a private or secret arrangement in
commerce or politics entered into by parties for
their mutual benefit; a _ re ae Oe
1881 V. ¥, Nation XXXII. 487 [The 9d boss] his
power of ‘deals’, 1882 /did,. XXXV. 411/1 The
shifts and expedients and ‘deals’ which had illustrated his
rise to political prominence, 1888 Bryce A mer. Commu. 11.
it, Lxiil, 46x The chiefs of opposite parties. . will even go the
length of making (of course secretly) a joint ‘deal’, i.e. of
a’ for a distribution of offices w! some of the
friends of one shall get places, the residue being left for the
66
friends of the other. 1891 Boston (Mass.) Yrud. 27 Nov. 6/4
It is not known who are Deacon White's heirs in this corn
deal. 1892 /bid. ahiov. 12/7 An alleged Deal between the
Republicans and the Democrats,
Deal (di1), 54.8 Forms: 5 dele, 6 dell, deil,
6-8 deale, 7 dale, 8 Sc. dail, 6- deal, [Intro-
duced from Low German ¢ 1400: cf. MLG. de/e fem.
plank, floor (mod.Du. dee/ plank, dele, delle floor),
corresp. to OHG. dil, dillo m., dilla f., MHG. dil
m. f., dille f, board, deal, boarding, mod.G. diele f,
deal-board, fir-plank, in north Germany ‘floor’
(see Grimm); ON. Ji/ja fem. deal, plank, planking ;
OE. fille stake, board, plank, Turin :—OTeut.
*Jeljén- (whence Jiljén, Jina, pille: cf. Finnish
teljo from Teutonic). Another OE. derivative was
elu hewn wood, board, flooring: see THEAL.]
1. A slice sawn from a log of timber (now always
of fir or pine), and usually understood to be more
than seven inches wide, and not more than three
thick ; a plank or board of pine or fir-wood.
In the timber trade, in Great Britain, a dea/ is understood
to be g inches wide, not more than 3 inches thick, and at
least 6 feet long. If shorter, it isa deal-end; if not more
than 7 inches wide, it is a Barren, In N. America, the
standard deal (to which other sizes are reduced in compu-
tation) is 12 feet long, 11 inches wide, and 24 inches thick.
By carpenters, deal of half this thickness (14 inches) is
called whole deal; of half the latter (§ inch) séit dead.
The word was introduced with the importation of sawn
boards from some Low German district, and, as these con-
sisted usually of fir or pine, the word was from the first
associated with these kinds of wood.
1402 in C. Frost Early Hist. Hull (1827) bs ig Mari
Knyght de Dansk. .xvj deles, ijj™ waynscots. /did. 18, iij
dusen deles. a 1450 Rature (in ‘Hull rin. House Records),
Item for euerie hundreth of firre deales, xijd. 1558
Wills & Inv, N.C. (Surtees) I. 183 Ffyrdells of the biggest
sorte..litle firdells .. doble firr sparrs. 1583-4 Bk. Accts,
Hull Charterhouse in N. §& Q. 6th Ser. VIII. 217/1,
7 deals to seale the windows. 1595 A. Duncan Appendix
Etymol., Asser, a deele or planke. 1604 Vestry Bhs, (Surt.)
283 For fortie firre dales, xxiijs. iiijd. 1641 Best Farm.
Bks. (Surtees) 111 Robert Bonwicke of Wansworth de-
manded for everie deale a pennie, for bringing them from
Hull to Parsonpooles, alledging that everie deale weighed
three stone. 1762 Sterne 77, Shandy V1. xxiii, A little
model of a town..to be run up together of slit deals. 1820
Scoressy Acc. Arctic Reg. 1. 141 These huts, some con-
structed of logs, others of deals two inches in thickness, 1886
Law Times UXXX, 212/1 To there load a cargo of deals.
b. (Without @ or Z/ural.) Wood in the form of
deals.
@ 1618 RALEIGH Oés. in Rem. (1661) 180 The huge piles of
Wainscot, Clapboard, Firdeal, Masts, and Timber .. in the
Low-countries. 1627 Capt. SmitH Seaman's Gram. ii. 14
Laying that Decke with spruce Deale of thirty foot long,
the sap cut off. 1667 Primatt City & C. Builder 85,
A handsom Door, lyned with Slit-deal. 1794 Builder's
Price-Bk. 41 Whole deal dove-tailed dado. 1876 Gwitt
Encycl. Archit. § 2365 The table shows that the value of
14 inch deal is 8d. per foot. /did. Gloss. 1196 Fir boards. .
one inch and a quarter thick, are called whole deal, and
those a full half inch thick, slit deal.
2. As a kind of timber: The wood of fir or pine,
such as deals (in sense 1) are made from.
White deal, the produce of the Norway Spruce (A dies
excelsa); red deal, the produce of the Scotch Pine (Pinus
sylvestris); yellow deal, the produce of the Yellow Pine
P. mitis), or kindred American species.
1601 Hottanp Pliny I. 476 Some..haue their boughes
disposed in good order, as the Pitch-tree, Firre, or Deale.
Ibid. I. 488 For Mast-poles and crosse saile-yards in ships,
the Fir or Deale [aézes] is commended. Grew
Anat. Trunks u. vii. § 2 Deal, especially the white if
it be cut cross, it tears. 1765 Parsons in PAil. Trans. LV.
What we call white deal, which is esteemed the lightest an
tenderest of all the class of firs. 1833 Penny Cyci. 1. 31/2
The Norway Spruce Fir ..In the market [its weed is
known under the name of white or Christiania deal, 1840
Jbid. XVIII. 170/2 The Scotch Pine .. Its timber furnishes
the red deal of the carpenters. 1 ape De Quincy I, vii.
143 Preferring mahogany to deal for shelves,
3. attrib. and Comé., as (‘made of or consisting
of deal’), deal box, door, -shaving, table, etc. ;
(‘engaged in the trade in deals’) deal-carrier,
-merchant, -porter, -runner, etc.; deal-apple
(dial.), a fir-cone; deal-end (see 1 note); deal-
fish (see quots.); deal-frame, a -saw for
cutting deals; deal-tree (dia/.), a fir-tree; deal-
worker, a joiner who works up deal; deal-yard,
a yard where deals are stacked. Also DEAL-BOARD,
—_ Forsy Voc. E. A apiia, *Deal- s, the conical
fruit of the fir-tree. 1 AnsR. & Cin. Prov. Husb. 1. i,
Four mail-trunks, besides the great “deal-box. 1893 Daily
News 26 Apr. 6/1 If the Union “deal-carriers did not return
to work their places would be filled by free labourers. 1886
Ruskin Preterita 1. vu. 232 Neatly brass-latched *deal
doors, 1812 J. Smyru Pract. Customs (1821) 285 What
constitutes the difference between a Deal and a is
the width: the former being above 7 inches wide, and the
latter not above 7 inches wide. This distinction .. applies
also to *Deal Ends and Batten Ends. — YARRELL
Brit. Fishes Suppl. *Deal-fish. 1856 J. RicHarpson in
Encycl. Brit, X11. 303/2 The Vaagmaer or Deal-fish has
also been recorded by Dr. Fleming as a British species.
deal, x
Lambeth..*Deale-Merchant. . Words Aug. 543/1
Dock-labourers, “deal-porters and coal-heavers, 188 Daly
News 24 Oct. 6/6 Dock labourers, wharfingers, *deal run-
DEAL.
ners. 1693 Phil. Trans. XVII. *Deal-shavings or
brown Paper. tans Forsy Voc, £. Anglia, * .
a fir-tree. 1708 £ . Gaz. No. 4126/4 At the Cock in the
hoop *Deal-Vard.. are to be sold, Deal-Boards, Laths.
77 ee oe eee
ey oe ere Jbid. 12 A deal-yard is for sawn
+ Deal s/.4, deal-wine. O/s. Also dele-
wine. Some unidentified kind of wine, supposed
to have been of Rhenish origi
rl in cope, Agric. & Prices V. 449 (cf. also VI.
416/3). 1616 T. Apams Souls Diseases xvi, He..cals for
y make his deale
promised you
and Dele-wine. Suirtey Lady of Pleas. v. i, To the
Dutch magazine of sauce, the Stillyard; Where deal and
backrag, and what strange wine else .. Shall flow into our
room.
Deal (dil), v. Pa. t. and pple. dealt (delt).
Forms: /nf. 1 délan, 2-3 dealen, 3 delen,
deale(n, 3-5 delen, 3-6 dele, (4 del, 4 daile,
4-6 Sc. deill, 5 delyn, deele), 6-7 deale, 6- deal.
fa, t., 1-3, dé&lde, 3 delet, 3-4 deld(e, 3-6 delt,
3-5 dalte, 4 dalt, delte, delit, 4-6 deled, -id,
-yd, 5 dellyd, 5-6 dealed, -id, -yd, 6 dealte, 6-
dealt. Pa.pple.,1 dled, 3-4 i-deld, 4ideled, 3-7
delt, 4-6 dalt, 6 dault,4—as fa. ¢, [A common Teut.
verb: OE. d&lan =OFris. déla, OS. déljan, MDu.,
Du., MLG. deelen, OHG. tetlan, Ger. teilen, ON.
deila (Sw. dela, Da. dele), Goth. datljan, derivative
of *daili-z, OE. d#l Dat sb.1, part, division.]
I. To divide, distribute, share. Mainly ¢vans.
+1. trans. To divide. Ods.
cgso Lindisf. Gosp. xxiv. 51 Dividet eum dales hine
[c 000 Ags. Gosp. todelb hyne). cx1205 Lay. 21125
And he a fif dale dalde his ferde. c1ago S. Fng. Leg.
I, 239/715 Pis watur .. delez bis world atwo. a1300 Cur-
sor M, 6883 caper AL folk pat delt [77ix. dalt) war in
kinrede tuelue. revisa Higden (Rolls) I. 45 3if we
deleb be somme on pre and pe seuenpe parte of be pridde.
1480 Caxton Descr. Brit. 24 This kyngdome of Northum-
berland was first deled in two prou 1535 CoVERDALE
Dan. v. 28 Thy kyngdome is delt in partes. Sat.
_— Reform. (1890) I. 128 Our Lords are now delt in twa
sydis.
+2. To separate, sever. Obs.
a 1000 Daniel 21 (Gr.) Swa no man _— his gastes lufan
wid gode dalan. cr200 Trin. Coll. Hom. e deled
sowle and pe lichame. a 1300 Earth 13 in 2. E. P. (1862)
152 He. .delip be dai from ni3t. ¢ oe Times Edw. 11
205 in Pol, Songs (Camden) 3 -deled from his riht
spous. @ Poems Vernon - 358 He 3af him wittes
fyue, To iden pat vuel from pe g
+b. intr. (for ref.) To separate oneself, go
away, part (from). Obs. rare.
c 1000 Ags. Ps. liv. 7 [lv. 7] Efne ic feor zewite, fleame
dale. c1205 Lay. 7566 Jalios pe kaisere mid alle pan
Romanisce here en from fihte. Jbid. 18897
heo gunnen dzlen. Merlin ferde riht sud.
+3. trans. To divide (property, etc.) among a
number so that each may have his due share; to
distribute in shares ; to portion out, apportion. Ods.
c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke xxii. 17 Onfod and dalad betwux
eow. 1002 Will of Wulfric in Cod. Dipl. V1. 147 Dat heo
hig dzlan him betweonan. c 1205 Lay. 4053 Heo wuolden
al pis lond dxzlen heom bi-twenen. ax
(Cott.) Bituix his childer he delt his t.
€
2 He was curtays in all th .. And well kowth dele and
dyaht: . 1535 COVERDALE Fok. vill, 2 Ye shal deale amonge
eart to use it.
4. To distribute or bestow among a number of
sacigones esp. to distribute in the form of gifts
or alms. Now mostly fig., or with out; see b.
oe ee the division into shares; here itis
awa’ oy
pop sey Few A 48 Si u
dalest. x00 Ags. . Mark v. 26
zum lecum fela
¢1173 Lamb, Hom. 109 Pe Se deled elmessan for his drihtnes
luuan. azaag Ancr. R. 224 To dealen his feder chetel to
neodfule and to poure. c 1300 Beket 332 A sum of pans I
deld on eche side. 1393 Lanot. P. PLC. wv. 76 Let nat py
It has. Vite what ow delet with py syht . €%400
AuNDEV. (Roxb.) xxii. roz2 He .. delez bam relefe in
faire siluer vessel. uthbert (Surtees) 4151
¢€ C )
Th myght of t all gude 1588 A. Kina
tr. Cini rc al He artic hi ‘indie. giftis of
4 Evetyn Diary 25 Feb., There are many
Sharities dealt publicly here. "2815 W. H. Inetaxb Scripbde
Exp. Matt. Wks. 11. 83 If thou give us abundance. .give us
my? pod gi ptm «ol
Scribble-
ja 227 In they deal to the public dull diet,
b. Zo deal out; + formerly also abroad, away,
Sorth, etc,
spuylis. ¢ Hi; Virg. (1867) 55, I schal newe tungis
in 3ou ‘emo Rie eee ot
1866 RocErs Apri & Prices 1, xxiv. 609 To deal
out a certain number of herrings to their servants.
+e. adsol. or intr, To make distribution of Obs.
Also with the recipients as indirect obj. (dative) or with fo,
:
|
1
|
|
|
|
DEAL.
1297 R. Giouc. (Rolls) 7866 Of his fader tresorie. . He delde
uor his soule. 1362 Lanet. P. PZ. A. x1. 237 We shuln
3iue & dele oure enemys And alle men bat arn nedy as pore
men & suche. 1456 How Wise Man taught Son 154 in
Hazl. £. P. P. 1. 175 And pore men of thy gode thou dele.
5. To deliver or give (¢o a person) as his share ;
to apportion. Also with owt.
1340 Gaw. § Gr. Knut. 2285 Dele to me my destiné, & do
hit out of honde. ¢ 1400-50 Alexander 3475 Driztin deyne
him to dele a dele of his blis. 1563 B. Gooce Eglogs ii.
(Arb.) 36 For she thy seruyce nought estemes, but deales
thé griefe for gayne. 1667 Mitton P. L. 1v. 70 To me
..it deals eternal woe. 1704 Swirt Mech. Oferat.
Spirit, This Grain of Enthusiasm, dealt into every ia 2
sition, 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. W. iv, The hard measure that
was dealt me. 1849 M. Arnotp Mod. Sappho, Hast thou
yet dealt him, O life, thy full measure? 1851 Hr. Mar-
tineau Hist. Peace (1877) Ill. 1v. xiii. 115 The same
measure was dealt out to the family of Napoleon.
+6. To bestow, give forth, render, deliver. Ods.
exc. as in b, c.
a1250 Owl & Night. 952 He mihte bet speken a sele, Pan
mid wrabbe wordes dae [v.~. deale]. c1325 2. £. Allit.
P. B. 344 Penne con dry3ttyn hym [Noe] dele dry3ly byse
wordez, ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 11890
Ffaire folden, and wel enseled, And to ber maister was hit
[a letter] deled. 1400 Destr. Troy 5646 And the dom bat
he dulte [?dalte] duly was kept. c1400 Afol. Loll. xxvii.
zoo So may God delen it til an oper.
b. esp. To deliver d/ows.
(The earlier notion was that of distributing them (as in
sense 4) among several opponents or in various quarters,
in all directions, now more definitely expressed by dead
about; later, the sense becomes either ‘to give one as his
portion’ (as in 5), or simply ‘to deliver ’.)
©1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 2219 Strokes hii togider delden,
ywis, On helmes & on bri3t scheldes. 1375 BAaRsour Bruce
i. 32 [He] saw thaim swa gret dyntis deill. c1400 Destr.
Troy 6547 Mony dedly dint delt hom amonge. 14 5S
Matory Arthur x1. xi, Syr percyuale delt soo his strokes...
that there durste no man abyde hym. 1640 Rawtins Reded-
Zion 1.1, He’s no true souldier that deales heedlesse blowes.
1700 Drypen Pal. §& Arc. ul. 612 One with a broken
truncheon deals his blows. @ 1738 Gay (J.), The nightly
mallet deals resounding blows. 1810 Soutuey Kehawza 1. v,
Rejoiced they see... That Nature in his pride hath dealt the
blow. 1878 Bosw. SmitH Carthage 337 Fortune or fraud
soon gave Scipio the chance of dealing a decisive blow.
ce. Hence in various expressions, apparently
arising out of prec.
— ULLER Ffoly & Prof. St. v. vii. 385 He was perfect
in the devilish art of dealing an ill turn. 1697 Drypen
Virg. Georg. 1. 447 By fits he deals his fiery bolts about.
1700 — Pal. § Arc. ut. 222 When hissing through the skies
the feathered deaths were dealt. 1702 Rowe Zamer. 1. ii.
671, I would .. deal like Alha My angry Thunder on the
frighted World. 1822 Lams E/ia Ser. 1. Confess. Drunkard,
We dealt about the wit, or what passes for it after midnight,
jovially. : F .
7. Cards. To distribute (the cards to be used in
a game) to the various players; to give a player
(such or so many cards) in distributing. Also with
out, and absol.
1s2g Latimer Sern. at Camb, in Foxe A. §& M. (1583)
2142, I purpose againe to deale ynto you another carde
almost of the same sute. 1562 J. Hevwoop Prov. § Epigr.
(1867) 174 Were it as parellous to deale cardes at play:
c1sgz Martowr Mass. Paris 1. ii, Take this as surest thing,
That, right or wrong, thou deal thyself a king. 1673 Corron
Compl. Gamester in Singer Hist. Cards 345 He that deals
hath the advantage of this game. 1709 Brit. Apollo II. 2/2
D. deals T. thirteen Cards. 1878 TH. Gisss Ombre 18
The Dealer's office is to deal and to see that there is no
mistake in the cards dealt. 1891 Speaker 2 May 534/2 At
baccarat..the stakes are made before the cards are dealt.
8. +a. In Hurling, etc.: To deliver or throw
(the ball). Ods.
1602 Carew Cornwall 74a, Then must hee cast the ball
(named Dealing) to some one of his fellowes. 1603 OWEN
Pembrokeshire (1891) 277 The horsemen. .will alsoe assault
anye..that hath not the Knappan..or cudgell him after he
hath delt the same from him. 1827 Hone Every-day Bk.
II. 1008 (Cornish hurling), The ball [is] thrown up, or dealt,
b. Of a horse.
1737 Bracken Farriery (1757) I. 34 His Carriage, and
way of dealing his Legs. /déd. Il. 77 There are Horses
that lead, or deal their Legs well.
II. To take part zz, have to do with, occupy
oneself, do business, act. Mainly zr.
+9. tnxtr. To take part 27, share or participate 2
or with, be a partaker of. Ods.
c1175 Pater Noster 225 in Lamb. Hom. 67 Pu azest to
hatien wel his sunne, Pet du ne dele noht per inne. at
Ureisun in Cott. Hom. 187 Hwa se ever wule habbe lot wib
be of pi blisse, he mot deale wip pe of pine pine. c1330 R.
Brunne Chrou. (1810) 109 Of o side ne of other no bing deles
he. 1481 Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 46 Ye shal be partener of
my pylgremage, and dele of the pardon that I shal. .fecche
ouer the see. 4
+10. To engage with in conflict ; to contend.
(Cf. ON. deila vid to be at feud or quarrel with, to contend.]
3 Byrhtnoth 33 Betere .. Sonne we swa hearde hilde
dzlon. c120§ Lay. 30418 Pus heo gunnen delen pene dzi
longe. ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 113 Steuen stoutly
deles. c1400 Destr. Troy 11027 Wold haue dongyn hym
to dethe, hade pai delt long. 1577 Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist.
(1619) 385 How Areobindus slue a mighty Persian after
dealing with him hand to hand. ARINGTON Metam.
Ajax (1814) 14 To deal with him at his own weapon. 1667
1Lton P. L. vi. 125 Brutish that contest and foule, When
Reason hath to deal with force.
+b. trans. To contend or fight about. Ods.
c1205 Lay. 26042 Nu wit scullen delen pen dad of mire
majen,
67
ll. znxtr. To have to do with (a person); to
have intercourse or dealings wzth; to associate
with. arch. (and now associated with 13).
@ 1300 Cursor M, 12249 (Cott.) Sum angels wit him deles
To lede his wordes pat he meles. ae es yetiF Sel. Wks.
II. 404 Pei delen not wip bes newe ordris, but supposen hem
heretikes. c1q00 Rom. Rose 3265 Thou delest with angry
folk, ywis. 1514 Barcray Cyt. & pa nests (Percy Soc.)
26 Her name was wanton Besse, Who leest with her delt he
thryved not the lesse! 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretarie u.
(1625) 36 With a resolute vow never to deale with him, I
then had cast him [his son] off. 1711 STEELE Sfect. No. 27
? 6 The Noble Principle .. of Benevolence to all I have to
deal with. 1869 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) ILI. xii. 98
One of the charges against him was that of dealing with
a familiar spirit.
+b. Of sexual intercourse. Odés.
€1340 Cursor M. 1197 (Fairf.) Our lorde .. bad he salde
wip his wyf dele. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VI. 37 Pey
eteb nou3t, noper delep wip hir wifes. a@1q450 Ant. de la
Your 49 An ye loue ani other than youre husbonde, or ani
other dele withe you, sauf he only. 1662 J. Davies tr.
Olearius’ Voy, Ambass. 94 They go not to Church the day
~" have dealt with a woman, till they have wash'd them-
selves.
12. To have business communications wéth ; to
carry on negotiations, negotiate, treat wzth ; some-
times implying secret or sinister dealings. arch.
(and now associated with 13).
@1300 Cursor M. 5848 (Gott.) Wid pe eldest folk of israel,
wid pharao bai went to dele. 1393 Gower Conf. I. 267 The
grete clerken..com..To tret upon this lordes hele, So longe
they to-gider dele [etc.]. 1597 Bacon Ess. Negotiating (Arb.)
86 It is generally better to deale by speech, then by letter, and
by the mediation of a thirde then by a mans selfe, 1601
B. tian Poetaster ww. ii, Now have they dealt with my
pothecary to poison me. 1625 Camden's Hist. Eliz. 1. (1688)
127 The Bishop of Rosse dealt with the Duke, as they were
Hawking, about the Marriage. 1625 Ussuer in Lett. Lit.
Men (Camden) 132, I doubt not, but before this time you
have dealt with Sir Peter Vanlore for obtaining Erpinus his
.. Persian books. @1715 Burnet Own Time (1823) IL. 285
Wilkinson, a prisoner for debt .. was dealt with to accuse
im.
13. To carry on commercial transactions ; to do
business, trade, traffic (zv7th a person, 27 an article).
[1523 Lp. Berners Feiss. I. cclxvii. 395 People, suche as
I haue dault with all in their marchaundyse. 1599 MinsHEu
Sp. Dict., Negociar, to deale in businesse, to follow a trade.
161r Cotcr., 7rafiguer, to trafficke, trade, .. commerce,
deale in marchandise.] @1627 MippLeton Mayor Quind,
ut. ii, I deal in dog’s leather. 1667 Decay Chr. Piety (J.),
‘This is to drive a wholesale trade, when all other petty
merchants deal but for parcels. 1699 Dampier Voy. II. 1.
iii. 65 Merchants care not to deal with him. 1735 Pore
Donne Sat. iv. 140 Who in the secret, deals in Stocks secure,
And cheats th’ unknowing Widow and the Poor. 1833 Hr.
Martineau Manch, Strike vii. 82 A traveller who deals
.. with several firms in this place. 1866 RocEers Agric. §
Prices 1. xxi. 530 Such persons dealt in finished goods.
+b. trans. To offer for sale. Obs. rare.
1760 Foote Minor 1. Wks. 1799 I. 252 You would not have
..the flints?.. Every pebble fen .» He shall deal them as
new pavement.
. To have to do wth (a thing) in any way; to
busy or occupy oneself, to concern oneself with.
cies Cursor M. 1517 Jobal..Was first loger, and fee
delt [v.7. dalt] wit. c1q00 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xvii. 80 Any
man pat deles with sorcery or enchauntementz. 1477 Paston
Lett. 807 III. 211, Ther is no man wyllyng to del with your
swanes. 1535 CoverDALE Ps. lvii. 2 Youre handes deale
with wickednesse. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretarie u. (1625)
112 Speaking of Friendship, I onely deale with such, whose
actions [etc.]. 1845-60 App, THomson Laws of Thought
Introd. 5 The mind deals with truth. 1869 Huxcey in Sc7.
Opinion 21 Apr. 464 The first question with which I propose
to deal. 1893 Law Times XCV. 26/2 That part of the
Companies Act 1862 which deals with guarantee companies.
15. with zz: To occupy, employ, or exercise
oneself in (a thing) ; to have to do with, to make
use of. (Now often approaching a fig. use of 13.)
x MutcastEr Positions ix. (1887) 54 Among the best
writers that deale in this kinde. 1597 BAcon Ess. Suitors
(Arb.) 44 Plaine dealing, in denying to deale in Sutes at first,
is grown..honourable. 1724 Watts Logic Ded., True Logic
is not that noisy thing that deals all in dispute and wrangling.
1748 CuesterF. Le?t. II. clviii. 65 All malt liquors fatten,
or at least bloat; and I hope you do not deal much in them.
1770 Funius Lett.xxxix. 200 A poor contracted understanding
deals in little schemes. 1885 Manch. Exam. 6 July 5/2
Lord E. F——. .deals in vague outlines, as if afraid of being
too specific. : . ae
16. 70 deal with: to act in regard to, administer,
handle, dispose in any way of (a thing); b. to
handle effectively; to grapple with; to take suc-
cessful action in regard to.
1469 Plumpton Corr. (Camden) 23 He said that .. he wold
deele with you & yours, both be the law & besides the
law. @1586 Sipney (J.), If she hated me, I should know
what passion to deal with. 166r Bramuatt Fust Vind. vi.
153 He so abated their power .. that a Dean and Chapter
were able to deal with them. 1737 Bracxen Farriery
Impr. (1757) U1. 120 The Lungs are Remed accordingly, so
that they may the better deal with the Air admitte
Inspiration. (1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 142 A power
more than sufficient to deal with Protector and Parliament
together. @x859 /éid. V. 33 The Long Parliament did not
.. propose to restrain him from dealing according to his
leasure with his parks and his castles, his fisheries and
is mines. 1874 GrEEN Short Hist. iil. £5 (1882) 137 It
was with the general anarchy that Hubert had first to deal.
1891 Law Times XC. 462/2 Mrs. Headley .. swore that she
had never knowingly transferred or dealt with the mortgage.
Ibid. SEAL 98 éstraining the defendants from selling or
otherwise dealing with the shares.
DEALE.
17. 70 deal with: to act towards (any one), to
treat (in some specified way).
@ 1300 Cursor M. 16461 (Cott.) Iudas..be-hald and se Hu
vile pat pai wit him delt. c1340 Gaw. § Gr. Knt. 1661 He
. .dalt with hir al in daynte. 1494 FasyAn Chron. vi. cxlvii.
133 In lyke maner as they had dalt with Burdeaux. 1535
CoverpDAaLe Ps. cii{i]. 1o He hath not dealt with vs after
our synnes. 1568 Grarton Chron. II. 360 Sore displeased,
that shey were so hardly delt withall. 16zz Biste 2 Sam.
xviii. 5 Deale gently for my sake with.. Absalom. 1729
ButLer Sevm. ix. Wks. 1874 II. 116 We ourselves shall one
time or other be dealt with as we deal with others. 1874
Green Short Hist. viii. § 6. 521 The Commons were dealing
roughly with the agents of the Royal system.
b. with dy (=in regard to) in same sense.
1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 3 That he wuld not
deale so hardly bi me. 1675 tr. Machiavelli's Prince (1883)
305 The Venetians. .have..dealt..honourably by him. 1754
Cuatnam Lett. Nephew vi. 43 If we would deal fairly by
ourselves. 1877 Miss Brapvon Weavers & Weft 324 It will
not be found that I have dealt unjustly by any one.
To deal on, upon: to set to work upon.
arch,
1594 Suaxs. Rich. ///, 1. ii. 76 Two deep enemies, Foes
to my Rest .. Are they that I would haue thee deale vpon.
1599 B. Jonson Ev. Man out of Hun.v.iv, Mit. What,
will he deal upon such quantities of wine, alone? 1816
Byron Ch. Har. 11. 1xxxiii, Allured By their new vigour,
sternly have they dealt On one another. 1828 Scott /*. J/.
Perth xv, ‘There is a man thou must deal upon, Bonthron,’
said the knight.
19. To act towards people generally (in some
specified way) ; to conduct oneself, behave, act.
c1340 Gaw. & Gr. Knut. 1114 Pay dronken & daylyeden,
& dalten vnty3tel, pese lordez & ladyez. /bid. 1668 Per bay
dronken & dalten. 1535 CoverDALE Yosh.i. 7 Yt thou mayest
deale wysely whither so euer thou goest. 1593 SHAks. 2
Hen, VT, w. ix. 46, 1... doubt not so to deale, As all things
shall redound vnto your good. 1602 — Lear ul. vi. 42 Let
us deal justly. 1652 NerpHam Sedden’s Mare Cl. 152
Michaél Attaliates truly did ill... Nor indeed hath that
eminent man dealt any better, who [etc.]. c 1680 BEVERIDGE
Sevnz. (1729) 1. 446 O Lord I have. .dealt falsly before thee.
mix Swirt Frud. to Stella 17 Dec., They had better give
up now, if she will not deal openly.
+20. To take action, act, proceed (usually zi
some matter or affair). Ods.
1470-85 Matory Arthur tv. xiii, Wel said syr Vwayne go
on your waye and lete me dele. 1568 Grarton Chron. II.
188 To the which the French King aunswered, that without
the presence of the .x1. peeres he could not deale in so
weightie a matter. 1577 Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. (1619)
144 To deale in matters of religion both by word and deed.
1586 J. Hooker Girald. [rel. in Holinshed V1. 44/1 No
man would medle or deale to carrie the same awaie. 1599
pare Much Adov.i. 101 Do not you meddle, let me deale
in this.
+21. ¢rans. To treat. Obs. rare.
1586 Let. Earle Leycester 1 A late and weightie cause
dealt in this Parliament.
Dealable (dilab’l), a. [f. DEAL v.+-aBLr.]
Capable of being dealt wth ; suitable for dealing.
1667 WatEeRHOUSE Fire Lond. 91 Fled_ before the Fire,
leaving it to its forradge, and not checquing it while deal-
able with. 1890 Daily News 11 Sept. 3/3 [It] did not vary
much in the quotations—7 to 1 being a dealable rate.
Dealbate (dzjzxlbet), a [ad. L. dealbat-us,
pa. pple. of dealbdre (see next).] Presenting a
whitened surface ; esp. in Bot. ‘covered with a very
opaque white powder’ (Zveas. Bot. 1866).
+ Dea‘lbate, v. Obs. [f. ppl. stem of dealbare,
to whiten over, whitewash, f. de- + a/bdre to whiten,
f. albus white; cf. DauB v.] ¢vans. To whiten.
1623 Cocxeram, Deadbate, to whitelime a thing. 1638 T.
Wuitaker Blood of Grape 30 Milke is bloud dealbated or
thrice concocted. 1657 Tomtinson Renon’s Disp., This
dentifrice also will dealbate the teeth.
Dealbation (dZjelbéi-fan). [ad. L. dealbation-
em, n. of action f. dealbare (see prec.); cf. F.
déalbation (Littré).] The action of whitening;
blanching, bleaching.
1607 TorseLt Serpents (1653) 646 The dealbation of the
hair. @1634 Ranvotpn Muses Looking-glasse wv. i, She
.. hath forgot to whiten The naturall rednesse of my nose, she
knowes not What ’tis wants dealbation! 1678 R. R[ussett]
Geber u, 1. 1. x. 59 Therefor they cannot whiten [lead] with
good Dealbation. 1882 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dealbation, the art
of making white the skin and teeth; also of whitening bones
for the purposes of anatomy. , 7
b. The ‘blanching’, or reduction to its assay
value, of silver coin containing alloy.
1888 W. Rye Records § Record-searching 29 The deal-
bation is always specially mentioned, and the only mention
of blanched silver is in the statement of the farm [etc.].
Dea‘l-boa'rd. [f. Dav 54.8 + Boarp.] =
Deat sé.3 1; a thin board of fir or pine.
1568-9 in Burgon Life Gresham 11. 284 One shippe of
Brydges [Bruges] in Flanders, in the which ts mastes, clappe-
borde, deel-bordes. 1583 in Northern N. §& Q. 1.77 Anew
cheste of Deal-bourd. 1667 Primatr City & C. Build. 146
Deal-Boards from ten to twelve inches broad, and about ten
foot long. 1722 De For Plague (1884) 99 Doors having
Deal-Boards nail’d over them. 188 Rasos in Harper's
Mag. July 208/1 He could see through a deal board.
De-alcoholize, -izer, -ist, etc. : see Dr- II. 1.
+ Deale, dele. Ods. Of uncertain meaning.
It seems to be used for the purpose of calling attention,
and may be an interjection, or a verb in the imperative, with
the force of ‘See!* ‘mark!’ or ‘note!’
1225 Ancr. R. 276 Kumed perof smel of aromaz, oder of
swote healewi? Deale [v.7. Dele]. Ofte druie sprintles
bered winberien? /did. 362 Crist [moste] bolien pine &
9*-2
DEALER.
jun, & so te may ingong into his riche. Lo, deale hwat
Re seid,—so habben into his riche. bid. 286. 1330
oi Poowme. Chron. re 167 O dele, said pe kyng, pis is
a
Dealer (df'lez). [f. Deauv.+-zR1.] One who
deals (in various senses of the verb).
1. One who divides, distributes, delivers.
c1000 Ecrric Voc, in Wr.-Wiilcker 129 ee dzlere.
¢1440 Promp. Parv. 117 Delare, or he pat delythe,distri-
butor, partitor. Delare, or grete almysse yevere, rogatorius.
1611 Cotcr., Distributeur, a distributor, dealer, diuider.
tothe spr of St. Paul (1883) 3 The dealer of the death-wound
¢ spirit of was a Pharisee.
b. spec. The pare who distributes the cards.
1600 Rowanps Let. Humours Blood iii. 58 Make him
but dealer .. If you do finde good dealing, take his eares.
473 Corton Compl. Gamester in Singer Hist. Cards 345
en the dealer .. shuffling Sra —_ cutting, deals to
every one three apiece. 1878 H. H. Ginss Omére 19 The
Dasher then deals nine cards to Pi player.
2. One who has dealings with a person; one
who deals iz (a thing); tan agent, negotiator,
Obs. in —- sense except as ¢rvans/. from next.
c1000 Aiirric Deut. v. 5 Ic wags dzxiere betwix Gode and
eow. 1586 St. Trials, Q. Mary (R.), I was acquainted,
I confess, with their practices, but I never did intend to ted
a dealer in them. cx610 Sir J. Mervin Mem. Lado Both.
was accused to have been a Dealer with the Ear Both-
well. 1611 Cotcr., Agent, an Agent, a dealer, negotiator.
1727 De For Syst. Magic 1. iv. (1840) 112 A sorcerer and
en ter, a witch, or dealer with the Devil. @1745 Swirr
(J.), These small dealers in wit and learning.
3. One who deals in merchandise, a trader; sfec.
one who sells articles in the same condition in
which he has bought them ; often in combination,
as cattle-, corn-, horse-, money-dealer.
1611 Corcr., Trafiqueur, a trafficker, trader, marchant,
occupier, dealer in the world. 1651 DaveNaNT Gondibert 1.
iii. (R.), Such small money (though the people’s gold With
which they trade) great dealers skorne to take. 1745 De
Foe’s Eng. Tradesman Introd. (1841) 1.2 Avery great number
of considerable dealers, whom we call tradesmen. 1793
Carr. Bentinck in Ld. "Auckland's Carrs (1862) III. 48 He
is supplied with horses by some dealer in Town. 1848 Mitt
Pol. Econ. (1876) III. xi. § 5. ps Dealers in money (as lenders
by profession are improperly called). 1891 Pall Mail C.
29 Oct. 2/1 Costers and hucksters and those | not too particular
buyers who are euphemistically known as ‘ general dealers’.
+4. One who acts (in some specified manner) in
his relation to others. Ods.
154’ Tout Bautpwin Mor. Philos. (Palfr.) vit. i, Hypocrites
and le dealers, 1561 T. Hopy tr. Castiglione’s Courtyer
1. Hi iij, An vntrue dealer, and a despiser of men. 1611 Biste
Isa. xxi. 2 The treacherous dealer. 1677 WycueR.ey (¢i¢/e),
The Plain Dealer. 1840 THackeray Catherine i, What!
call Peter Brock a double-dealer?
eal-fish: see DEAL 56.3 3.
Dealing (dflin), v4/. sd. [-1nc1.] The action
of the verb DEAL.
1. Division; distribution (of gifts, blows, cards,
etc.); sharing.
7 Lanci. P. Pl. B. xix. rh Sat bedes-byddynge and
“por penyes delynge. x yeuir Num, xxxvi. 4 The
de ynge [1388 departyng] rd lottis. 1382 — 1 Cor. x.16 The
delynge or part takynge of the body of the Lord. a 1400-50
Alexander 451 In delingis of dyntis. a1§33 Fritn Disput.
Purgatory § 27 All thyne Executours dealyng, and offeryng
of masse pence, help thee not a myte. a 1602 W. Perkins
Cases of Consc. (1619) 347 Others that .. iudge the very
dealing of the cardes to bee a lotte. 1885 J. Martineau
Types Eth. Th. 1.1. ii. $30 161 If this dealing out of ideas
by exigency is assigned to G
attrib. 1577-8 OLINSHED Chiron. III, 1257/2 His feeding
. .all commers thrise a weeke appointed for his dealing daies.
+b. concr. A part, division. Ods.
a1300 E. E. Psalter cxxxv. 13 pat delt the Rede See inj
delinges wele.
. Intercourse, friendly or erp communica-
tion, connexion. Now ey
1538 Starkey England 1. ii. ro oe euery man iche
rg wyth al ryghtwyse and Pat delyng togyddur. 1586
Day £ ecretarie 1. (1625) About two moneths
aiatas he ’ dealings with a ne pkboer of yours, touching
a Farme. x61x Brste an iv. vie lewes haue no dealings
with the Famrrax Bulk & Selv. 55
The dealing or edness 2 is between body and body,
—_ as real as that petwenn bod and ghost, 1712 ARBUTH-
‘ohn Bull 1. viii, Hocus had dealings with John's _
1855 Ma rear” C3 Eng. U1. 678 It was «he
with St.
3. T ading , traffickin; buying and selling.
1664 wai Kat Hort. (7 uch as would not be
impos’d a find t it Ware and Dealing at
Brumpton- a 1808 Rocers Pol. Econ, iii. (ed. 3) 22
ere dealings are transacted on a large scale, it is not
difficult for commodities to be exchang Against com-
allowed in of their own ..Servants. 1885 Sfectator
8 » 1043/1 fluctuations of which have marked
's dealings with
the
+ ith. Obs. nonce-wd. ([f. Dau v., after
wealth, growth.| Portion dealt.
Mean a3 Wuitinc Hist. Albino & B. (N.), Then know,
Bel since thou aimst at wealth, Where Fortune has
bestowed dealth.
+ Des mbulate, v. Obs. [f. L. deambula
and neighbours.
3. As a translation of Eccl. L. decdnus, applied
to a head or ent of ten monks in a monastery.
eles bn Rw Reg aa Benedict, c. xxi,
~elder
é to
walk abroad : phic IL 4 ee
1623 Cock) KERAM, D, hes Tad, a
Deambulation ie: mbiule* on). L.
deambulation-em, n. of action f. de iano
The action of walking abroad or taking a walk.
lypocr. 148 They ¢ deambula-
Sketton Jmage
tions With great ostentations. 1531 Etyor Gov. 1. xvi, Suche
within the house, or in the
ions or moderate walkynges. 1.
hed Bea J Dan. iv. Hijb, In this kinges ydle deambu-
lacion. W. Scrater Jun. in W. Sclater’s Malachi
(1650) Ep. Ded., At your refections, deambulations, confer-
ences. 1 Neate & Wess Durandus’s ee Ch. p.
Ixvii, ‘They had void spaces for deambulation. 1849 Lytton
Caxtons 1. u.ix, Book in hand, he would, on fine days, pace
eh and fro .. In these deambulations, as he called em, he
nerally a companion.
oS ambula:tor. Os. [L. deambulator,
agent-n. f. deambulare (see above).] One who
walks abroad.
cl J. Taytor (Water P.) Trav. Wks. 11. 76 The Od-
combyan Deambulator, Perambulator, Ambler, Trotter, or
vntyred Traueller, Sir Tho. Coriat.
Dea'mbulatory, @. and sé. [ad. L. deambu-
latori-us fit for wa cing in, etc., whence -dtorium
sb., place to walk in.]
A. adj. Moving about from place to place;
movable, shifting.
1607 CoweELt /nterpr. s.v. Eschequer, In Scotland the
Eschequer was stable, but the other session was deambula-
torie. a16 LENNARD tr. Charron's Wisd. u. iii. § ag
238 In it self unequal, wavering, deambulatory. a1
Morton Efisc. Fustified 142 The deambulatory actors used
to have their guczetus est.
B. sé. A place to walk in for exercise; esp. a
covered walk or cloister.
1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy . xi, Fresche alures. .That called
were deambulatoryes, Men to walke to geder twayne &
twayne, To kepe them drye when it dyde rayne. ba hag iho
Hen, VT in T. J. Carter King’s Coll. Chapel 1 f th
which [cloistre square] the deambulatorie xiiij fete eile:
1834 Gent. Mag. CIV. 1. 55 An inscription in a Roman
garden informe: ‘the walker, that when he had made five
turns of the deambulatory he had completed a mile.
+Deambulatouwr, Sc. Ods. [Suffix repr. F.
-atotr.] =prec. sb.
1513 Douctas nes vu, iv. 62 Wythin the cheif deam-
bulatour on raw Of forfaderis gret yma; id stand. a 1572
Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I. 392 Thair suldiouris in greit
cumpaneis .. resortit to Sanct Geillis Kirk in Edinburgh,
and maid thair commune deambulatour thairin.
Deame, obs. form of DEEM, DIME.
De-americanize: see Dr- II. 1.
+ De-a'm: oye v. Obs. nonce-wd. [f. Dx- II. 2
+ AMPLE. deprive of amplitude, belittle.
1657 REEVE God’s Plea 207 It doth grieve me to see how
great aon are deamp' led and dismagned amongst you.
Dean ! (dm). Ke orms: 4-5 dene, deen(e, den,
5 deyn(e, (dyen), 6 Sc. dane, 5-7 deane, 7—
dean. [ME. deen, den, a. OF. deien, dien, mod.F.
doyen =Sp. and It. " decano, Pg. dedo, Cat. degd :—L.
decan-um one set over ten (cf. Exod. xviii. 21 Vulg.),
also Gr. dexavds, explained from 5éxa, dec-em ten.
Whether viewed as Gr. or L., the form of the word offers
ifficulties. In both languages, it had also an early astro-
logical 3 sense, | “the chief of ten parts, or of ten de; ofa
sign’: see Decan. masius, De annis climac-
tevicis et antiqua Astrologia (Leyden, 1648), considers this
the original sense, and holds it to be a term of oriental
astrology, which was merely assimilated to S¢xa, decemt, in
Grand L. Asa military term, the Gr. derivative Sexavia
occurs=L, decuria, in the Tactica of Elian and of Arrian
(both c. 120); the L. decanus occurs in Vegetius De Re
Militari c. 386. The word is then used by Jerome ¢
= his ‘translation of Exodus xviii. 21, 25, W the id
vio; and about the same time the
— ‘a may.
Rok AvcusTiNE De Moribus Eccl. Cath. i. 31 Eis quos
Mt fouwtagu Acts § Bom Sp iietptie Desons, cf'Tensh men,
ouNTAGU Ac. or Tenth men
barges yO Sotciieter commoletion. 1695 Kexnett
ar. ee AA ‘G50 De eae The like Be of deans
began in
those She ne Benedictine order’ where the whole convent
was beg gd a decuries, < a erry = tenth
cad preside over the other nine in the larger
inn both eas Spl = os peeenuel bed asae
senior a special preemin: some-
times the care ~ i the other devolved upon him alone.
And t of 1 deans was cer-
tainly ovms to to this ss acre. pr a Catholic fer s.v., The
senior dean, the abbot provost,
governed the LR
4. The head of the chapter or body of canons of
a collegiate or cathedral church.
Arising out of the monastic use. ‘ As a cathedral officer,
the decanus dates from the 8th ic, when he is found, after
the monastic pattern, as sub to the pracposit:
provost, who was the bishop's vi
erent as head of rhs
chapter’. But ‘the office in its full development dates only
from the roth or 11th c...the Dean of S ¢. Paul's, a.D. 1086,
being the first English dean’. Dict. Chr. Antis
¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 337 Sir fs a was hie
— cf pcg - Lance. F Pi. B. xm. 65 ve freke
ifor en les Prec’ 'ABYAN
Chron. Vite 327 5 reat base ot Does ae Mayster ter Richarde
Wethyrsh: 1577 Harrison England u. i. (187
14 Cathedrall churches, wherein the deanes (a oh
not knowne in England before the Conquest) doo beare
the cheefe rule. 1641 Termes de la Ley 101 Deane and
Chapter is a body rate spirituall, consisting of ..
the Deane (who is chiefe) and his Prebends, and they
together make this Corporation. 1689 Woop Zi/e 17 June,
Dr. Aldridge, canon of Ch, Ch. [was] installed deane. 2714
Swit Jmit. Hor. Sat. 1. vi.43 Good Mr. Dean, go change
your gown. 1846 MeCuttocn Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) 11.
263 Phere may be a chapter without any dean, as the
chapter of the ree church of Southwell. . Every dean
must be resident in his cathedral church four score and ten
days ..in every year. 1862 Mrs. H. Woop Mrs. Hailib.
— “Will you pardon my intruding upon you here, Mr.
Dean?’ he began.
5. A presbyter invested with jurisdiction or pre-
cedence (under the bishop or archdeacon) over a
division of an archdeaconry; more fully called rural
dean; formerly (in some cases) dean of Christi-
anity ; ; see CHRISTIANITY 4. (There were also
urban deans (decani urbani): see Kennett Par.
Antig. I. 3
Fhe tel ee ey in England till the Ref ion, and
in France till the Revolution, ¢ powers of visitation, ad-
ministration, and jurisdiction, which are still retained in
some Roman Catholiccountries. In England the and
title became almost obsolete from the x6th c., but have,
since 1835, been generally revived for purposes of diocesan
organization. See Dansey, Hore Decanica Rurales, 3835-
(Kennett, Du Cange, etc., have cited
this sense from the ‘ ws of Edw
but ¢ decantes is an intern not in the
- us spoken of being reall ia sense 2 above.)
Cursor M. 29539 ( es fe, pate te fant eer
Pte. be, Pat power a be, Pat es it first
furth sent, Als dene or official iugement. ¢ 1380 Wycuir
pags dy mieaag bei oo — by officialis &
denes. ¢ oLLAND Howdlat a1 .- Was dene
reraletaan, Pol. Poems ( ) I. Ls
den no favour t ere Dee if se see ames a them sylver
rounde. ‘onk of Evesham (Ar' b) 0 OF the negli
ens of den: af archedekons and of other ices, tet
Treeaee. ‘ust. Pessisss0) 121 It shalbe leful to al
&e. weare Sarcenet in
ye 1697 7 Br. Gn ee eel ha
exercised in some io has unhappily
Yisused in this, ok how long =y: know not). a
Priveaux Direct. Ch. aa fe 4 oa amg doce Lloyd
went 4 so far..as to name R Deanry of
use en gene below) appears in Cod. Theodos. xvi.
Cassian’s /ustit. iv. 10. In later times of the em)
applied to various civil functionaries. From these monastic
and civil uses come all the modern senses of dean.
+1. Representing various uses of late L. decdnus :
- head, chief, or commander of a division of ten.
Wycur Ex. xviii. 21 Ordeyne thou of hem tribunes,
| centuriouns, and quing es, and deenys [1
modities.
4. Acting (in some Sen way) towards others ;
way of ro Ne conduct, behaviour.
Py I Caxton G. de la Tour E vij b, For of good delyng
ros guydynge hagas! rene pee “worship and honoure,
c1s00o Melusine an & abhomynable deelyng,
1a Lp Lp. re Froiss. Ay Boe cxxvii. 154 To ryde out to se
of Ser. 1 waG. Harvey Lett.-bk.
(Camden A present redres of so yet delings. 1674
in Essex ax Papers (Cs (Camden) I, 176 The unworthy dealing
of Sir oward. 1874 Morty Comfrontise (1886) 37
Want of faithful dealing § in the highest matters.
Be with with: Acting towards, treatment of.
a@x679 T. Goopwis Wks. (1861) 111. 288 beac if God will
use his absoluteness .. in this his dealing with his
a Hicxes & Newson b A Kettlewell s 1 vie 175 Such a
with their Soveraign as they.. would not have
ten, Vulg. decanos). exaee Secrees 187, ¥ fo we
i Iyiek Seloes tone donys, sche toe tae ae
leres, & vche ledere tene denys, en men,
Ibid., Lah) pe a ledere tene ee and Fite 3 vehe a dyen
ten men. 1483 Caxton ae cag: 59/2 Ondeyne 6 of them
poe ss & centuriones & may in all tymes
2s Asa 3 of med.L. decanus, applied
in the ‘Laws of ere te Confessor’ to the
teoding-ealdor, borsholder, headborough, or ti
man, the headman of a /riddorh pip advises 7
(See Stubbs, Const. Hist. I. v. 87.) Obs.
justia — of ay £ xxviii, Sic bn pte
tus cere, Angie autem i Govt, Bg Hoc est
ca . Bacon 5
ait pa! bm nap she pledoon ms, tbe tbe chic
the Di 1765 Bu ro 1, "ses The rural
deans are very antient officers of the church, but almost
os their deaneries still subsist as an
grown out of use; eo
ecclesiastical the diocese, or archdeaconry.
Potwnere Trad. & Recoil. 11. 610 On visiting the church
at L. St. Columb as Dean-rural.
b. In the American Episcopal Church, the
president of a Convocation (q.v., 3 b)-
6. In other ecclesiastical uses:
Dean of Peculiars: ei ggte Ge
a cu u
ot sage BN is ieee from the ry pi ary of
A the diocese within which it is situated e.g. the Dean of
b ee ee ‘ig is and With f ~ ls
‘ayal in t. —
tas Deans et t ne § J ppg ts : fray tie
Ch. of Seat, who sales ary
belonging to the of Hol
pies eee iar vsion aver hie en
perishes aaiied s exempt from the authority of
Dean oe td oto Canterbaass the Bishop of
Lone as ae og meee eae
ence ten to sagiete
aa Balkans Cae ts, a Hane lL ovate rg
DEAN.
his majesty, throughout that whole journey [into Scotland]
which, as he was dean of the chappel, he was not obliged
todo. 1660 R. Coxe Power §& Subj. 203 The King shall
present to his free chappels (in default of the Dean). 1726
Ayvurre Parergot 192 The Judge of this Court..is dis-
tinguished by the title of Dean or Official of the Court of
Arches. /éid. 205 There are also some Deans in England
without any Jurisdiction; only for Honour so stiled; as
the Dean of the Royal Chapel, the Dean of the Chapel of
St. George at Windsor. 1846 MeCuttocn Acc. Brit. Empire
(1854) LI, 265 The third species of Deans are those of
peculiars..Deans of peculiars have sometimes jurisdiction
and cure of souls, as the Dean of Battle, in Sussex, and
sometimes jurisdiction only, as the Dean of the Arches,
London. x Whitaker's Almanack, Dean of the Chapels
Royal, The Bishop of London.
7. In the colleges of Oxford and Cambridge:
The title of one or more resident fellows appointed
to pee the conduct and studies of the junior
members and to maintain discipline among them,
to present them for graduation, etc.
e office came originally from that of the monastic dean,
and was disciplinary ; one important function of the dean
in early times was to preside at the disputations of the
scholars, and in the Oxford colleges of the new foundation
deans were appointed in the different faculties, e.g. at New
College, two in Arts, one in Canon Law, one in Civil Law,
and one in Theology, who presided at the disputations of
the students in these faculties; from the end of the 16th
¢., it became customary also in most colleges for the dean
to present for degrees. At present the functions pertaining
“to discipline, attendance at chapel, graduation, etc., are
sometimes discharged by a single dean, alone or in con-
junction with a sub-warden, vice-president, or other vice-
erent, sometimes distributed among two or three deans;
ence the offices of senior and junior dean, or sub-dean,
dean of arts, dean of divinity, dean of degrees, existing
in some colleges.
[In the Statutes of Merton Coll., tt such officers are
appointed ‘numero cuilibet vicenario vel etiam decenario,’
but the title decanus is not used. 1382 Stat, New Coll.
Oxon. xiv, Quinque socii..qui sub dicto custode tanquam
ejus coadjutores Scholarium et Sociorum ipsorum curam et
regimen hakenues qualiter scilicet in studio scholastico et
morum honestate proficiant .. Quos omnes sic prefectos
Decanos volumus nuncupari. Permittentes quod illi ambo
Decani facultatum Juris Canonici et Civilis eligi poterunt,
etc.] 1577 Harrison England i. iii. (1877) 1. 81 There is
moreouer in euerie house a maister or prouost, who hath
vnder him a president, and certeine censors or deanes,
appointed to looke to the behavour and maners of the
students there. 1847 TENNYSON Princ. Prol. 161 At college
.. They lost their weeks : they vext the souls of deans, 185;
C. Bepe Verdant Green iv, He had been Proctor an
College Dean there. 1891 RasHpAtt in Clark ColZ. Oxford
157 (ew Coll.) The discipline was mainly in the hands of
the Sub-Warden and the five deans—two Artists, a Canonist,
a Civilian, and a Theologian—-who presided over the dis-
putations of their respective Faculties.
/8. The president of a faculty or department of
“study in a University, as in the ancient continental
and Scotch Universities, and in the colleges affiliated
to the modern Universities of London, Victoria, etc.
In U. S., the dean is now a registrar or secretary.
[x27x Chartul. Univ. Paris. 1. 488 Magistro J. de
Hethuties tunc existente decano facultatis medicine. 1282
_Ibid, I. 595 Canonicus Parisiensis et decanus theologice
“facultatis. 1413 Furamentum Bachalariorum, St. An-
drews, Ego juro quod ero obediens facultati arcium et
decano eiusdem. 1453 Jas. II. Letter in Munim. Univ.
Glasg. 1. 6 Facultatum decanos procuratores nacionum
regentes magistros et scholares in prelibata Universitate.]
1524 JAs. Letter to St, Andrews 19 Nov., Maister
Mertyne Balfour vicar of Monymeil, den of faculte of art of
the said universite. Ibid. 28 Feb., Dean of facultie
of Theologie of the said university. 1578 Contract in
Munim. Univ. Glasg. 1. 119 Maister Thomas Smeitoun
minister of Paslay and dean of facultie of the said Univer-
sitie. 1708 J. CHAMBERLAYNE S¢. Gt. Brit. u. m1. (1743) 438
The University of Glasgow..had originally considerable
Revenues for the Maintenance of a Rector, a Dean of
Faculty, a Principal or Warden, etc. 1875 Edin. Univ. Cal,
37 The affairs of each Faculty are presided over by a Dean,
who is elected from among Professors of the Faculty.
tr. Compayrés Abelard 135 The deans .. were the rea
inistrators of their respective Faculties. They presided
in the assemblies of their company, and were members of
the council of the University.
b. Dean of Faculty: the
Faculty of Advocates in Scotlan
1664 Minutes Faculty of Advocates 4 June (MS. in Adv.
Libr.), Motione being made anent the electione of ane
deane of faculty. 1826 Scotr Diary 7 June in Lockhart,
I went to the of Faculty’s to a consultation about
Constable.
e. Also the usual title of the head of a school
of medicine attached to a ee
1849 Minutes of Committee St. Thomas's Hosp. 23 May,
The Committee having been summoned for the purpose of
taking into ation the appointment of a Dean .. it
was agreed .. that some one member of the Medical School
shall for each year act in the capacity and with the title of
shea of the
‘Dean of the Medical School’. Boss Prospectus St.
Ee yes Med, Sch. 16 Dean of the School, G. H. Makins,
9. Dean of guild: a. in the medizval guilds, an
officer who summoned the members to attend
meetings, etc.; b. in Scotland, the head of the
guild or merchant-company of a royal burgh, who
is a magistrate charged with the supervision of all
buildings within the burgh.
Except in the four cities of Edinburgh, Glasgow, Perth,
and Aberdeen, where he is still elected iy the guildry, this
officer is now chosen by the town-councillors
c rom among
their own number,
69
1389 in Exg. Gilds 46 On Dene, for to warnyn alle p° gild
beabeen and sistren. 1469 Sc. Acts Fas. I/1 (1597) § 29
Al Officiares perteining to the towne: As Alderman,
Baillies, Deane of Gild, and vther officiares. 1754 ErskiNE
Princ. Sc. Law (1809) 43 The Dean of Guild is that magis-
trate of a royal borough, who is head of the merchant-
company; he has the cognisance of mercantile causes
within borough ., and the inspection of buildings. 1806
Gazetteer Scotl, (ed. 2) 506 Selkirk is a royal borough. .It is
governed by 2 bailies, a dean of guild, treasurer, and 10
counsellors, 1864 Kirk Chas. Bold I. u. i. 451 The deans
of the guilds and the principal citizens, who had come out
to meet him.
10. The president, chief, or senior member of any
body. [=F. doyen.]
1687 Lond. Gaz. No. 2215/2 At the Boots of the Coach
went the Pages..and by them the Dean or chief of the
Footmen in black Velvet. 1827 HarpMan Battle of Water-
Zoo 15 Ah! ah! Boney, must you, or our Duke, be the chief
dean? 1889 Times 25 Nov. 6 The Diplomatic Agents at
Cairo. .met at the residence of the dean, the Consul-General
of Spain, Sefior de Ortega.
b. Dean of the Sacred College: see quot. 1885.
1703 Loud. Gaz. No. 3921/1 The Cardinal de Bouillon will
return hither ..to exercise his Function of Dean of the
College of Cardinals. 1885 Catholic Dict. s.v., The Cardinal
Dean is the chief of the sacred college; he is usually the
oldest of the Cardinal Bishops. . He presides in the consistory
in the absence of the Pope.
ll. Comé.
1862 Sat. Rev. XIV. 706/1 If Lord Shaftesbury is to be
a Dean-maker. /éid., The whole system of Dean-making
needs reform.
Dean”, dene (dm). Forms: 1 denu, 1-
dene, 2-4 dane, 5 deyne, 6 Sc. dyne, 8-9 dean.
[OE. denu, acc. dene, valley :—OTeut. *danz-,
from the same root as OE. den(7, DEN (:—OTeut.
danj-ont), q.v.] A vale: a. formerly the ordinary
word, literal and figurative (as in OE. dap-denu
valley of death, ME. dene of teres), and still occur-
ring in the general sense in some local names, as
the Dean, Edinburgh, Zaunton Dean, the wide
valley of the Tone above Taunton, and perh. Deaz
Forest; b. now, usually, the deep, narrow, and
wooded vale of a rivulet.
As acommon appellative, used in Durham, Northumber-
land, and adjacent parts of Scotland and England; as part
of a proper name, separate or in composition, occurring
much more widely, e. g. Denholnt Dean in Roxburghshire,
Fesmond Dean or Dene near Newcastle, Castle Eden Dean
or Dene and Hawthorndene in Durham, Chellow Dene
near Bradford, North Dean near Halifax, Hepworth Dene
near Huddersfield, Deefdene near Dorking, East Dean,
West Dean, Ovingdean, Rottingdean, in deep wooded vales
in the chalk downs near Brighton. The spelling dene is
that now prevalent in Durham and Northumberland. In
composition often shortened to dex, as Marden, Smarden,
Biddenden, etc. in Kent.
c825 Vesp. Psalter \xxxiii. 7 In dene teara [iz convalle
lacrimarum). Ibid. ciii. 10 In deanum. c1000 ALLERIC
Gram. (Z.) 56 Uallis, dene. c1000 Ags, Gos. Luke iii. 5
Elc denu [Lindisf dene, Hatton dane] bid zefylled. a1300
E. E. Psalter \xxxiii. 7 (Mitz.), In dene of teres. ¢1325
E. E. Allit. P. A. 295 Pou says hou trawez me in pis dene.
1340 Ayenb. 59 Ich wille maki pe helles and be danes.
a 1400-50 A lexander 5421 Pan dryues he furth. .into a deyne
entris, A vale full of vermyn. 1594 Batt. Balrinness in Sc.
Poenrs 16th C. 11.355 Now must I flie, or els be slaine.. With
that he ran ouer ane dyne Endlongis ane lytill burne. 1612
Drayton Polyolb. iii. 418 Tauntons fruitfull Deane. 1794
W. Hurcuinson Hist. Durham II.1 There are some deep
and woody vales or deans near this mansion [at Castle
Eden). 1806 Hd? Advertiser 11 Jan. 2/2 The Estate offers
.-deans for plantations, sheltered from the sea. 1816 Sur-
TEES Hist. Durham 1. 1. 44 The wild beauties of the Dene
[at Castle Eden]. 18 3 Murray Handbk. Durham 13 The
deep wooded denes which débouche upon the coast.
Dean 3, As a Cornish mining term: The end
of a level.
1874 in Knicur Dict. Mech. 1881 in Raymonp Mining
loss.
De-anathematize, v. : see Dr- II. 1.
Deand, obs. north. form of Dy1nc.
Deane, obs. form of Din; var. of Darn sé.
Deanery (dnori). Also 5 denerye, deyn-
rye, 6 denry, 6-9 deanry. [f. Dran!+-zry:
the AFr. form denrvie was prob. from Eng.]
1. The office or position of a dean.
[ze92 Britton 1. xvii. § 6 Dené [v.rr. denee, denrie], ou
thresorie, ou chaunterie.] c1440 Promp. Parv. 118 Denerye,
decanatus. 1483 Cath. Angl. 95 A Deynrye, decania.
1534 Act 26 Hen. VIII, c. 3 § 9 Any.. Priorie, Arch-
deaconry, Deanry..or any other benefice or promocion
spiritual. 1588 J. Upatt Diotrephes (Arb.) 26 To beg the
Byshoppricks, Deanries, and such great places. 1647
Crarennon Hist. Red. 1. (1843) 37/2 When he could no
longer keep the deanery of the change! royal. 1706 HuAarNE
Collect, 25 Dec., Upon quitting his Deanery in the College
[St. John’s, Oxford]. x Swirt Drafier’s Lett. vii, The
deanries all., are in the donation of the crown. 18
Macautay Hist. Eng. II. vi. 87 The Deanery of Christ-
church became vacant.
2. The group of parishes, forming a division of
a diocese, over which a rural dean presides ; for-
merly, also, the jurisdiction of a dean.
a 1440 Found. St. Bartholomew's xii. 47 A Preiste .. that
enatAve the Chirche of seynt saseyi .. had receyuyd one
ym. .the deynrye of nyghchirches for ma | ica
to discusse. x Harrison Zug. u1. i. (1877) 1. 15 Vnto
these deanerie churches also the cleargie in old time of the
same deanrie were appointed to repaire at sundrie seasons,
there to i hol ordi and to consult.
|
DEAR.
1642 Sir E, Derinc Sf. on Relig.g1 Appeale may be to the
rurall Deanery. 1695 Kennett Par. Antig. (1818) II. 338
The bishops divided each diocese into deaneries or tithings,
each of which was the district of ten parishes or churches.
1727-51 CHAMBERS Cycl. s.v. Arches, The judge of the
court of arches, is called the dean of the arches. . with which
officialty is commonly joined a peculiar jurisdiction over
thirteen parishes in London, termed a deanry. 1835
Dansey Hore Dec. Rur. I, 19 The division of dioceses at
that time into decennaries or deanries. 1837 Penny Cycl.
VIII. 340/1 The report of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners,
1835, recommends that each parish shall be assigned to
a deanery, and each deanery toan archdeaconry. 1890 Br.
Westcort in Durham Dioc. Gaz. 1V. 34 Some improvements
will, I trust, be made in the assignment of parishes to the
several Deaneries.
3. The official residence of a dean.
1598 Suaks. Merry W. iv. vi. 31 And at the Deanry,
where a Priest attends, Strait marry her. 1727 Eart or
Oxrorp in Szw#/t’s Lett, 12 Oct., I was in hopes..that you
would not have gone to your deanery till the Spring. 1855
Macautay Hist, Eng. LV. 251 Late at night he was brought
to Westminster, and was suffered to sleep at his deanery.
4. Comb., as + deanery church (the church of a
rural dean), deanery house.
1587 Harrison England u. i. (1877) 1. 15 But as the
number of christians increased, so first monasteries, then
finallie parish churches, were builded in euery iurisdiction :
from whence I take our deanerie churches to haue their
originale, now called mother churches, and their incumbents
archpreests. 1720 Swirr Poems, Apollo to Dean, That
traitor Delany. .seditiously came..To the deanery house.
Deaness (dznés). [f. Dean 1 +-xss.]
1. A woman who is head of a female chapter.
[L. decana, F. doyenne.]
1759 STERNE 7r. Shandy u. xxxv, The Abbess of Qued-
lingberg .. with the four great dignitaries of her Chapter,
the prioress, the deaness, the sub-chantress, and senior
canoness. 1878 SreLey Stezx II. 347 Abbess v. Gilsa,
Deaness vom Stein, and Canoness v. Metzsch.
2. humorous. The wife of a dean.
1884 G. ALLEN Philistia 1.113 Fancy little Miss Butterfly
a rural deaness !
Dea‘-nettle. 00s. exc. dial. Forms: 6-dee-,
8- day-, 9 dea-, deea-, deye-, dae-. [Generally
held to be a reduction of dead-nettle (in Trevisa
deed-nettyll) ; but the phonology is not clear.]
A name given to the species of Lamium (DEAD-
NETTLE) and other Labiates having nettle-like
leaves ; but in Scotland and the North of England
more especially to the Hemp-nettle, Galeopsis
Zetrahit, the acute calyx-segments of which, when
dry and rigid, often wound the hands of reapers.
1523 Firzuers. //us0. § 20 ‘There be other wedes not spoken
of, as dee-nettylles, dodder, and suche other, that doo moche
harme, 1788 MarsHatt, Aur. Econ. E. Yorksh. Gloss.,
Dea-nettle, galeopsis tetrahit, wild hemp. 1853 G. JoHNSTON
Nat. Hist. E. Bord. 162 Labourers in harvest are some-
times affected with whitlow, and they ascribe the disease
invariably to the sting of the Deye-nettle. 1878 Cusbrid.
Gloss., Deda, Déca, Dee nettle, the dead nettle—Lamiunt
album.
De-anglicize, v.: see Dr- II. 1.
(De- II. 1.] trans. To
De-a'nimalize, v.
deprive of its animal character.
1865 [utell. Observer XX XVIII. 96 The negative evidence
.-does not deanimalise it. 1887 E. P. Power, Heredity
JSrom God 155 The tendency is to deanimalize the organs,
and to create an intellectual type.
Deanship (dnjip). [f. Dean! +-sur.]
1. The office, position, or rank of a dean ; the
tenure of this office.
1611 CotGr., Doyenné,a Deanerie, or Deaneship. 1761
Warton Life Bathurst 214 (V.) Those [chapter-acts] that
were made during his deanship. 1827 Cossrtr Protestant
Reform, u. § 47 The Bishopricks, ihe Parish-livings, the
Deanships .. are in fact all in their gift. 1881 New Eng.
Frnl, Educ. XXIV. 347 Prof. P. J. Williams to the dean-
ship of the Normal department.
2. The personality of a dean: used humorously
as a title.
1588 Marfrel. Epist. (Arb.) 3 May it please you..to ride
to Sarum and thanke his Deanship for it. 1729 Swirt
Poems, Grand Question xxxiii, I then shall not value his
Deanshipa straw. 1812 Parr Let. Dec. 12 Wks. (1828) VI I.
470 His Deanship perhaps has brought from his escrutoire
his old Concio for the Doctorate.
De-anthropomo‘rphize, v. [Dr- Il. 1.]
trans. To deprive of its anthropomorphic cha-
racter; to divest of its (attributed) human form.
So De-anthropomorph-iza‘tion, -ized, -izing,
-ism.
1874 Fiske Cosmic Philos. 1. 176 A continuous process of
deanthropomorphization. 1879 J. Jacoss in 19th Cent.
Sept. 499 The deanthropomorphised Deity of Maimonides.
1884 Pall Mail G. 4 Jan. 4/2 The‘ de-anthropomorphising’
process will continue, says Mr. Spencer. 1886 Romanes in
Contemp. Rev. July 52 A continuous growth of ‘ deanthropo-
morphism ’.. passing through polytheism into monotheism
+ .a progressive ‘ purification ’ of theism.
De-appetize, -ing: see Dr- II. 1.
+ Dear, 54.1 Oés. In 3-4 dere. [app. repr. an
unrecorded OE. *dferu, *déoru = OHG. tturi,
MHG. tiure, OLG. diuré fem. preciousness, glory,
high value, dearness, dearth. Cf. Drar a.1]
Dearness, dearth.
1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 416 Gret. .dere of byng pe seuene 3er
me say. ¢ be ig Havelok 824 A strong dere Bigan to rise of
korn of bred. did. 841, I wene that we deye mone For
hunger, pis dere is so strong. c1330 R. Brunne Chron,
DEAR.
Wace (Rolls) 16419 In his tyme failled pe corn..Of pat
goede Spunk lees Guia agate fu ds choral
Dear (dis), a.landsé.4 Forms: 1 diore, déore,
dyre, 2-3 deore, 2 dere, 3-6 dere, (3 dure,
dizere, 4 dir, diere, dyere), 4-5 der, 4-7 deere,
(4 duere, 5 deure), 5-6 deyr, 5-7 deir, 6-7
deare, 6- dear; 5-6 Sc. com, " dete. supertat,
darrest. [OE. déore, earlier diore; in early
WS. diere, late WS. dyre (but also déore as in
non- WS.) ; a Com. Teut. adj., = OF ris. diore, diure
(WFris. djoer, EFris. dir), MDu. diere, dire
(Du. dier beloved, diver high-priced), OS. déurt
(MLG. dtire, LG, ‘dir), OHG. ¢iuri glorious, dis-
tinguished, worthy, costly (MHG. tiure, tiur, MG.
tire, Ger. teuer), ON. dyrr worthy, precious,
costly (Sw., Da. dyv); Goth. not recorded. These
forms ge, nen to OTeut. type *deur-yo-, *diur-jo-.]
Ms :
Py Gisdous, noble, honourable, worthy. Ods.
a 1000 Riddles xxxiv. (Gr.), Is min modor magpa cynnes
pzs deorestan. cme Ags. Ps. cxvii. 10 On Dryhtnes
naman deorum. 1340 Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 445 To-ward pe
derrest on pe dece e dressez pe face. ¥ Cant. de
Creatione 7o1 in Anglia 1, I am Michel, angel dere
Ordeyned abouen man. ?a 1400 Morte Arth. 1601 Pe dere
kynge hyme selfene i peggecen a syr Cadore with his dere
knyghttes .. To ryde with pe Romaynes. a 1400-50
Alexander 4644 I, sir Dyndyn pe derrest at duells in pis
Ile, Pe best or he bragmeyns. ¢ 1450 Hottanp Howlat 281
With dukis and with digne lordis, darrest in dale. _ <r.
Epwaroves Cephalus & P., L’ ae (1878) 61-2 Oh deere
sonnes of stately kings. 1596 S HAKS. 1 Hen. IV, 1v. iv. 31
Corriuals and deare men Of estimation and command. 1606
— Tr. & Cr, v. iii. 27 Life euery man holds deere, but the
deg Wan Holds honor farre more precious, deere, then life.
Often used adsol.
5 LE. E. Allit. P. B. 1394 Dere drozen per-to & vpon
ri metten. ¢ 1420 Anturs Arik. i, Wythe dukys, and
with dosiperus, that with the deure dwellus.
2. Regarded with personal feelings of high esti-
mation and affection; held in deep and tender
esteem ; beloved, loved.
+ To have dear, hold dear: to love [=Ger. Lieb haben,
Du. liefhebben).
The earlier sense was that of ‘esteemed, valued’ rather
than ‘loved’ (=Ger. tener, not ¢ieb), but the passage of the
one notion into the other is too gradual to admit of their
separation.
@ 1000 Fuliana 725 (Gr.) Feder frofre gest..and se deora
sunu. ¢ 1000 Ags. Gos. Luke vii. 2 Sumes hundred-mannes
peowa..se was him dyre. c 1205 Lay. 4377 Pe king haued
ane dohter be him is swude dure [c 1278 at he loueth
swipe]. a 1300 Cursor M. 3626 (Cott.) Mi leue sone ..
pou ert mi derest barn. /é7d. 20133 (Cott.) Saint iohn
hir keped & had ful dere. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Ant.’s 7. 590
Ther nas no man that Theseus hath so derfe. ¢ 1435
Torr. Portugal 931, | have a dowghttyr that ys me dere.
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 291 His dere darlynges
and well beloved frendes. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II
174 He that wes his darrest sone in law.
Educ. Wks. (1847) 100/1 Dear to God, and famous to all
Ages. 1650 W. Broucu Sacr. Princ. ‘(1659) 138 All those
Thou hast made near and dear unto me. 1797 Mrs. Rav-
curFE /talian xiii, Ellena, have ng" | Tce how
dear you are to me. 1891 E. Peacock Brendon 1. 225
He was a very dear friend of mine.
b. Used in addressing a person, in affection or |
regard.
¢ 1250 Gen. §& Ex. 1569 Fader dere, bidde ic de, Dat sum
bliscing gif Su me. c1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 3375 Mi dere
frende Gij. ¢ 1340 Cursor M, 10483 (Trin.) Dere god here
preyere myne, cx Caxton E sea of Ayome 3 xxii. 470
* Dere syre’, sayd the duke Naymes, sende vs for
noughte.” 1641 More's Edw. V, 12 My pedo my deare
kinsmen and allies. 1737 Pore "Hor. Ep. i vi. 3 Plain
truth, dear Murray, needs no flow'rs of speech. 1820
SHELLEY Gdipus 1. 102 Why what's the matter, my dear
fellow, now? 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 277 Do not all
men, my dear sir, desire good?
ec. In the introductory address or subscription of
a letter.
Dear Father, Brother, Friend, Dear Yohn, and the
like, are still affectionate and intimate, and made more so
by prefixing 4/y; but Dear Sir (or Dear Mr. A.) has be-
come _— the 17th c. the ordinary polite form of addressing
= equal
Q. Marer. in Four C. Eng. Lett. 7 Right dere
an welbeloved. 1503-4 Q. Marer. (of Scotl.) to Hen. VII
in Ellis Orig. Lett, 1. 1. 41 My most dere lorde and fader.
1516 — to Hen. VIII, ita. I. 129 Derest broder, As hartly
as I can I voce me onto you. @1610 MerieL ar pire
ton to Mrs. Barnady, ibid. u. 111, 218 Deare Aunt, I
as _willinge [etc.]. 1623 Dx. Buckincuam fo Yas. /, ibid.
III. 146 Dere Dad, Gossope, and Steward. 1628 Asr. Usuer
Let. to Sir R. Cottoni in Lett. Emin. Lit. haf mrs gy 138
Sir, I know not who should bees first [etc.]. 1656
eon . Taytor Let. in Lennar gre (1857) III. 72 Believe that
in great heartiness and dearness of affection, Dear
sin, our obliged and most affectionate friend and servant
Rc hye) a Perys to Lady Carteret 4 Sept., Dear
adam, You: yship will not (I hope) imagine ¢ fete
1690 ee to Strype in Ellis Rows I ree
Had se after some few days stay at 1 for a win
7 R. Symmer to A. Mitchell tid IV. 392 Dear
We dnell write a few lines [etc.].
d. The adj, is often used adsol.=‘ dear one’,
especially in ‘dear’ or ‘my dear’ addressed to a
person; also in the superlative d , ‘dearest’,
‘my dearest’. Its use otherwise than in address,
as in ‘his dear’, leads to its treatment as a sb.,
for which see B,
70
Ancr. R. 98 Hwo haued ihurt te, mi deore? 1362
hamner PLA. Vu. 24 1 Lere hit me, my deore. 1590 SHaks.
dainty Ducke: O 0 Deere! pple yy Z.
ermione (my dearest). /é/d. 1v. iii. 15 Shall I go
ayes deere)? @ cued ems (1650)
14 And, home! die As often as I goe. 1712
Ticums Spect. No. 410 P 6, I therefore came abroad to
meet my ; And fo; in bappy Hoor I find thee here.
1813 Mar. Epcewortn Patron. Il. xxiii. 57 ‘Really, my
dear’, answered she, ‘I can’t say.’ 1833 Ht. Martineau
B ley 1. vii. 143 Do not exhaust yourself at once,
« 1879 Miss Brappon Clov. Foot xxxvili, ‘I am not
in the clouds, dear; 1 am only anxious.’
e. Dearest friend may have suggested dearest
enemy or foe; but see also DEAR a.* 2.
“ng96 Sua, 1 Hen, 1V, m. ii, 123 Which art my neer’st
dearest Enemie. 1602 — Ham. 1. ii. 180 Would I had
met my dearest foe in heauen Ere I had [etc.]. 1818
Suettey Rev. /slam x1. xv, O that I..could set my dearest
enemy free From pain and fear
+3. The attribute 4 is contin transferred to the
subject of the feeling: Affectionate, loving, fond.
1602 Suaxs. Ham, 1. ii. 111 With no lesse big -wi of
Loue, Then that which deerest Father beares his Sonne.
1610 — Temp. 1. ii. 179 Bountifull Fortune (Now my deere
Lady). 1653 Watton Angler Ep. Ded., Sir Henry Wotton,
a a lover of this Art.
II. Of things.
+4. Of high estimation, of great worth or value;
precious, valuable. Ods.
¢ 888 K. AEtrrep Boeth. xiii, God word and god hlisa
zlces monnes bib betera & deorra bonne «nig welz < 893
- Oros. Vv. ii. (Sw.) 216/5 Corrinthisce fatu..sint fe;
dierraa bonne zxnegzu opru, cx1200 Orin 6732 Rihht all
swa summ hord off ee Mang menn iss horde deresst.
c1325 LE. E. Allit. P. 2 Now is a dogge also dere pat
in a dych lygges. c1400 Destr. Troy 1683 Dubbed ouer
with dyamondes, bat were dere holdyn. 1470-85 MaLory
Arthur 1. xvii, There may no rychesse be to dere for them.
1500-20 Dunsar /histle 4& Rose 101 And crownit him with
dyademe full deir. 1596 SHaxs. Merch, V.1. i. 62 Your
worth is very deere in my regard. c 1600 — Sonn. xxx,
And with old woes new wail my dear time’s waste.
+b. Precious in import or significance; im-
portant. Ods.
1592 SHaxs. Rom. & Ful. v. ii. 19 The Letter was not
nice, but full of charge, Of deare import, and the neglecting
it May do much danger. 1596 — 1 Hen. IV, 1.1. 34 So
dangerous and deare a trust. 1 — Lear i. i. 19 Sir,
I do know you, And dare. .commend a deere thing to you.
+e. In weakened sense of ‘ precious’. Obs.
1530 PALsar. 539 You have erred many a dere daye. .maynt
Jour. 1§.. Tournam. Tottenham io It befel in Totenham on
a dere day, Ther was mad a shurtyng be the hy-way. 1596
Suaks. Alerch. V. 1. v.70 O deare discretion, how his words
are suted,
5. The preceding passed gradually into a sense in
which personal affection or attachment became the
predominant notion as in 2 above: Precious in
| one’s regard, of which one is fond, to which one
1644 Mit TON |
| bode here, bet we a3en to habben deore.
| or wif,
| Statutes dere.
is greatly attached.
c1175 Pater Noster 34 in Lamb. Hom. 57 Pis is pe furste
c 1250 Gen. & Ex.
3483 His word 3u wurde dizere al-so lif, Diane: or eider child
©1450 Sh Cuthbert (Surtees) 3703 Our haly faders
CoverDALe Ps. cxv. 3 Right =< in
the sight of =i rde is the death of his sayntes. 3
Suaks. Rich. //, 1. i. 57 This Land of such deere so ies,
this deere-deere Land, Deere for her enn’ through the
world, 1651 Hoses Leviath. u. xxx. 179 Those that are
dearest to a man are his own life and re 1742 Fietpinc
F. Andrews u. iv, Bellarmine, in the dear coach and six,
came to wait on her. 1746 Hervey Medit. (1818) 209 Liberty,
that dearest of names ; and property, that best of charters.
1848 Macautay //ist. Eng. tt 306 Those ties, once so close
and dear, which had bound hea Church of England to the
House of Stuart. 1866 Pr. Atice Mem. (1884) 158 How dear
of you to have written to me on the 14th. 1891 Anti-Facobin
17 Oct. 903/2 Clad in the black surtout dear to bourgeois
tast
ec.
+b. Affectionate, fond, loving. Ods. or rare.
1591 Suaks. Two Gent. wv. iii. 14 Thou art not ignorant
what deere good will I beare vnto the banish’d Valentine.
¢x600 — Sonn. cxxxi, For well thou know’st to my dear
dotin heart Thou art the fairest and most precious jewel.
1683 Pennsylv. Archives 1. 70 With dear Love in ye lasting
truth I salute thee. 21866 Kesie Lets. Spir. Counsel (2870)
35 nf dear love to — and —.
. Often as an attribute of life, heart, heart's
Blood, etc., as things dear to one. Zo ride (ete.)
for dear life: to ride for one’s life, as a thing dear
to one; to ride as though life were at stake. Cf.
next,
rsgt Suaks. 1 Hen. I’/, 1. iv. 40 Or else this ged
should broach thy dearest Bloud. 1602 — Ham, ut. ii. 68
Since my deere Soule was Mistris of my choyse. 1604 —
Oth. wu. iii. 261 Though that her Iesses were my deere
heart-strin, 1703 Rowe Fair Penit, u. i. 413 My dear
Peace of Mind is lost for ever. 1793 Burns ‘ Scots wha hae’
v, We will drain our dearest veins But. .they shall be free.
Frira A sens I. xxi. 279 Never so happy as ion
ome oping for dear life after a pack of hounds. a
aper Nov. 58/2 The men were working ‘dau
Wie™ Pa et pote [the cutter] ready for sail.
a high price, high-priced, absolutely or re-
tively preel peaeve; the opposite of cheap.
Soon pre wanes mycel hunger
ofer ealk Enslaland fa corn swa dyre .. swa pet se sester
hweetes eode to LX pen. 1154 Tid. 3 an. 1137 a7 me
corn —. ¢ 1320 peo Sag. 3724(W.) Than so bifell that
corn was dere, ARBOUR Bruce xvi. 283 This is the
derrest beiff that 4 w euir 3eit ; for It cost ane
thousand ee mar. 1509 Hawes Past, Pleas. ww. xix,
Nothynge I wanted, were it chepe or dere, 1595 SHAKS.
DEAR.
y are mean in their value.
& spines of dere 1502
AuwoupE. Chron. (1811 18 He Seog ‘ht the Bp at
a og the
City. 1750 Jounson Rambler No. 46 P 3 preg med which
I have rechaned ns ao dang ata 1891 Law Times XCI.
pot a but you may pay for it .. at
too dear a
e. Said of a time or place in which gen for
peousions, etc. are high; dear year, a year of
dearth; also of a dealer who charges high prices.
cr2zgo S. Eng. Leg. Tiathore is thoes e cam. ¢ 1400
Maunpev. Lieto 44 fore is there dere Tyme in that
Contree. 1535 CoveRDALE /’s. xxxii. 19 To fede them in the
deare tyme, 1596 Suaks. 1 Hen. /V, i. iii. 52 The dearest
Chand! in Europe. 1637 ] RuTHERForD Left. (1862) I. 216
The hard fare of the dear inn. @166x Futter Worthies
(1840) II. sor It is the dearest town in England for fuel.
1765 Mrs. Harris in Priv. Lett. Ld. Mi I. 122,
I have myself paid Mademoiselle Peignerelle .. In my life
I never saw so dear a woman. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commu,
III. cxiv. 640 To .. send it .. by the cheapest routes to the
dearest markets. i
d. fig. Costly in other than a pecuniary sense;
difficult to procure ; scarce.
@ 1330 Otuel 1680 Po alle foure weren ifere, There nere
none strokes dere. at Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M.
Aurel. (1546) Kvjb, TI art so dere in vertues, and
makeste vyces good pg 1535 CoverDALE 1 Sam, od I
‘The worde of y’ Lorde was deare at the same
Kennepy Compend. Tract. in Wodr. Soc. Misc. v(a844) -
And therefore 1s deir of the rehersing, use it wes evir
misknawin to the Kirk of God. 1576 Turserv. Venerie 248
‘The experience which hath bene dearer unto me particularly
than it is meete to be published generally.
+ 7. Senses vaguely connected with ea bypeee. Obs.
It is possible that a was influenced by Di
a. ‘Heartfelt; hearty; hence earnest’ (Schmidt).
Gan L. LZ. u. i. 1 Now Madam summon vp
our dearest spirits. 1596 — 1 Hen. /V,v. v. Hh dines Some
yohn «Towards Yorke shall bend
speed. 1606 — Tr. & Cr. v. as Commn oth ies in loud
and deere petition: Pursue we him on knees.
. ? Rare, unusual, or ? loving, kind.
1592 Suaks. Rom. & Ful. ut. iii. 28 This is deare [Qo. 1
meare] mercy, and thou seest it not.
+8. 70 think dear: to seem right or proper; to
seem good. Const. with dative as in methinks.
Alex. & Dind. 1133 Whan pis makelese man ..
Halde”. lettrus .. Endited to dindimus as him dere poute.
2391 To deme as dere thinke.
c 1400 Destr. Tro:
er 1638 To do with Darius .. how so me
a 1400-50 Alexa
dere thinke.
B. as sé.= Dear one, darling.
This comes from A. 2d, through intermediate uses like
‘I met my dear’, ‘he found his dear’ , in which the adj.,
although pie of being compared (‘his dearest’), can
alee be treated as a sb. with plural dears.
Destr. Troy 9225 On suche couenaund to kepe, yf
pas ere wold. ¢ Towneley Myst. 281 Waloway ! m
efe deres, there I stand in ys st 1590 Spenser F.
1. vii. 16 From that day forth Duessa was his deare. 1611
Suaxs. Wint, 7. w.iv. 227 Golden Quoifes, and Stomachers
For my Lads, to giue their deers. 1709 Prior Epil. to
ee The Spouse alone, impatient for her Dear.
Cowrer Git rr. 19 You are she, my dearest dear,
1 refore it shall be done. 1824 Byron Yuan xv.
Things Are somehow echoed to the pretty dears.
Wuyte Metvitte Kate Cov. xi, Come on, there's a dear!
1880 Miss Brappon ust as [ am xlv, You are such a
de old dear.
sed interjectionally. Dear!, Oh dear!,
, dear !, Dear me !: exclamations expressing
prea astonishment, anxiety, distress, ws
sympathy, or other emotion. Dear bless, help,
love, save us ( you): ejaculations of astonishment,
usually implying an appeal for higher help (ods.
or dial.). Dear knows! goodness ny coal eaven
knows (/ do not).
_ These uses with a verb that dear represents or
us dear knows ! i is exactl
som us! i Ze a, us! and the like; but the his-
(A derivation fr from 3
die, pin
et by on resting upon mod, Ei
bet perch finds no support in the history of
,- Double Dealer v. xxii, O dear, oie
lush. 1719 A. Ramsay £f. ; Arbuckle 27
ree
ideas dance ( lear safe us !) Ast ey'd been daft.
D’Arsiay Larly Diary (ae 36 O dear! O dear!
melancholy has been to us this last week. Tbid., O dear! I
shall die. 1773 Gotpsm. Stoops to Cong. 1v, Dear me! dear -
as | Vim cure there is soca eee viour to put meon
alevel with one of that stamp. ¢ hep Snerwoon Stories
Ch. Catech. ix. 65 ‘O, dear !" says * do you think
T am like your fine fol folks?” tex — Fai ‘amt. xii.
gl ‘Dear ! how tiresome it must be to be so !
1ckENS O. Twist iv, Dear me!.. he’s very small.
flinty heart. Oh
Lares Cantos mf pot dear’, cried my mother .. ‘my
rane pet de eS prin so eee hite C
pa fowse Dene ws’, said Catharine, ‘ when we
DEAR.
see them back.’ 1880 Aztrim § Down Gloss., Dear bless
you! .. Dear help you!..Dear knows, a common rejoinder,
meaning ‘ who knows’ or ‘nobody knows’, probably meant
originally, ‘God only knows’. Dear dove you! God love
ou, an exclamation. Mod. Sc. He has had dear knows
iow many places, and lost them a’, ane after another.
+ Dear, dere, «.2 foctic. Obs. or arch. Forms:
1 dior, déor, 3-5 dere, 6-7 deere, deare, 7~ dear.
[OE. déor; not known in the cognate langs., and of
uncertain etymology.
By some held to be intimately related to OE. déor animal
(see Deer). By others thought to contain the same radical
form as Dear a.!, and to differ only in the stem-suffix
(*deur-o-). In OE., from the levelling of o- stems and jo-
stems, déor was formally distinguishable from déore only
in the nom. sing. (of all genders), the acc. sing. neuter, and
nom. acc. pl. neuter, which had déor, as against déore, déoru
(-o), Hence, when the final -e was lost or mute in ME., the
two words became entirely identical in form. But in OE.,
their senses appear to have been quite distinct; and, in later
times, the sense of dere, dear, from déor was highly incon-
gruous with those developed from déore (though intermediate
or connecting links of meaning also arose), This difference
of sense is a serious objection to the view that the two words
are merely different formations from the same base, as in
the pairs strong strenge, weord wierde, etc., where the two
forms agree in sense. The ultimate etymology has been
discussed by Karsten, JZod. Lang. Notes, 1892, 345+]
Common in OE, poetry, but found in no prose writing. In
ME. poetry, not known in southern writers, but in the East-
Midland Genesis §& Exodus, the West Midland A é//t. Poems,
Gawain & Green Knight, Piers Plowman, and the metrical
Destruction of Troy (all these except the first being alli-
terative); it then appears in Spenser (by whom it was
perhaps revived), occurs frequently in Shakspere, in 17th c.
poets, and archaically in Shelley. By these later writers it
was probably conceived of only as a peculiar poetical sense
of Dear a.!, and there are uses in Shakspere evidently
associated with both sense-groups.
+1. Brave, bold, strenuous, hardy. Ods.
1000 Andreas 1310 (Gr.) Se halga wees to hofe laded, deor
and domzeorn. — Cz#dmon's Satan 543 Det wes se
deora, Didimus wes haten. — Sad. §& Sat. 387 For hwam
nele mon..georne zewyrcan deores dryhtscipes, — Sea-
man’s Lament 41 Nis mon in his dedum to des deor.
Tbid. 76 Deorum dedum. [c1450 Golagros §& Gaw. |. 9
Dukis and digne lordis, douchty and deir.]
2. Hard, severe, heavy, grievous; fell, dire. arch.
Beowulf (Th.) 4186 Dior dedfruma. @ 1000 Cxdmon's
Daniel (Gr.) 372 Deor scur. a@rooo Sal. § Sat. 122 Swenga
ne wyrnap deorra dynta. /d7d. 361 Ne mez man foryldan
pone deoran sib. c12g0 Gen. § Ex. 3742 He ben smiten
in sorwes dere. c1325 Z£. EF. Aldit, P. B. 214 Dry3tyn
with his dere dom hym drof to beabyme. c 1340 Gaw. &
Gr. Kut. 564 Of destines derf & dere, What may mon do
bot fonde. 1377 Lanov. P. Pd. B. xiv. 171 May no derth
ben hem [riche men] dere, drouth, ne wete. c 1400
Destr. Troy 920 With-droghe the deire of his dere attur.
1590 SPENSER /. Q. 11. v.38 On him that did Pyrochles
deare dismay. Jéd. 11. x1. 34 To seize upon his foe..
Which now him turnd to disadvantage deare. 1593 SHAKS.
Rich. 11, 1. iii, 151 The datelesse limit of thy deere exile.
cx600 — Sonn. xxxvii, I, made lame by Fortunes dearest
spight. 1607 — Timon v. i. 231 What other meanes is left
vnto vs In our deere perill. | 1607 Drtoney Strange Hist.
(1841) 14 Bat this their meriment did turne to deare annoy.
a@1626 MippLeton Mayor of Q. wW. ii, Here’s no dear
villainy. 1637 Mitton Lycidas 6 Bitter constraint and sad
occasion dear Compels me to disturb your season due. 1819
SHELLEY Cec? v. iv. 32 Now I forget them at my dearest need.
+3. Hard, difficult. Ods.
a i22! 7 Kath. 948 For nis him no derure for to
adweschen feole pen fewe. c¢1230 Hali Meid. 21 Eauer se
deore ping se is derure to biwitene. 1 Hampote Pr
Consc. 1469 Now eese us a thyng, now fele we it dere.
Dear (die1), adv. For forms see Deana.) [OE.
diore, déore = OHG. tiuro, MHG. tiure, tinwer,
G. teuer: in OE., through the reduction of the
termination to ¢, not distinct in form from Drar a.!
in Anglian.]
1. At a high price; at great cost; usually with
such verbs as dzy, cost, pay, sell, etc. (See also
ABy v., Buy v. 3, Cost v. 2b, etc.)
a 1000 Boeth. Metr, xxvi. 37 Diore Fore te drihten Creca
Troia burh, ¢x000 /Eirric Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 130 Care
uendidit, deore he hit bohte vel sealde. c¢x200 Trin. Coll.
Hom. 213 Pe sullere loued his bing dere and seid pat it is wel
wurd oder betere. a122g Ancr. R. 392 Ure luue.. pet
kostnede him so deorre. cr 74 Cuaucer Anel, §& Arc.
2155 Ellas youre love I bie it all to dere. c 1400 MaunpEv.
(Roxb.) viii. 29 It es salde wonder dere. c1440 Bone Flor.
1479 Be ,god, he seyde, that boght me dere. 1574 tr.
Littleton’s Tenures 82b, To have solde the tenementes
more deerer to some other, 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa
11. 127 Each pretious. .thing, though it costeth deere, yet if
it be beautifull it..be good chea: 1677 YARRANTON Eng.
Improv. 7 The people there [Holland] pay great Taxes, and
eat dear. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) II. 350 Horses...
are sold extremely dear, 1822 Scotr Pirate xix, That
knowledge, which was to cost us both so dear, 1833 Hr.
Martineau Cinnamon & P. vii. 124 It must do without
some articles. .or pay dear for them.
2. =DEARLY adv. 2. (In quots 1601, 1606, perh.
associated with Dzar a.”)
©1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 152 Perl him loued swi
Oueral oper pat ber were. c1400 Destr. Troy 583
me demys, hit is dere welcum. ar Alexander 5143
All was done as scho demed & he hire dere thankis.
Caxton Chas. Gt. 30 He was byloued & dere uted of
euery body. 1548-9 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer 127 Through
thy most dere beloued sonne. 1592 Suaxs. Rom. & Ful. u.
iii. 66 Is Rosaline that thou didst loue so deare &5 soone
forsaken? 1601 — ¥z/. C, 11.i. 196 Shall it not greeue thee
deerer then thy death. 1606 Sytvester Du Barfas u. iv,
u. 248 Let that All-Powerfull dear-drad Prince descend.
FA
1807 Byron Ho. Ldleness, To E. N. Long 99 The dear-loved
peaceful seat.
Dear (dies), v. [f. Dgar a.1]
+1. ‘vans. To make dear or expensive; to raise
the price of. Sc. Ods. rare.
1424 Sc. Acts Yas. [ (1814) 7 (Jam.) That na vittalis..
be deryt apon our lorde the kyngis men in ony place. 14...
Chalmerlan Ayr in Sc. Stat. 1,.700/2 Pai deir pe kingis
mercate and cuntre of eggis bying. 1462 Edinb. Rec.
(1870) 7 Oct. (Jam. Supp.), That na neichtbour tak in hand
to by the saidis victualis or tymmer to regrait and deir
agane upoun the nychtbouris.
+2. To endear. Ods. rare.
1603 J. Davies Microcosmos Wks. (1876) 64 (D.) He is his
Sire, in nature dear’d.
8. To address (a person) as ‘dear’; so to dear
sir, dear cousin. nonce-use.
1816 Scott Antig. v, Lhave no leisure to be Dear Sirring
myself. /dzd. xli, He dears me too, you see. _ 1829 MARRYAT
F. Mildmay xxiv, Don’t dear me, Sir Hurricane, I am not
one of your dears, 1875 TENNYSON Q. Mary 1. iv, Their
two graces Do so dear-cousin and royal-cousin him,
Dear, obs. form of DEER, Drre.
Dearborn (die1byin). U.S. [From the name
of the inventor.] A vehicle, a kind of light four-
wheeled wagon used in country districts in parts
of the United States.
1841 Catuin NV. Amer. Ind. (1844) I. xlv. 81 He had pur-
chased at St. Louis a very comfortable dearborn waggon.
1844 Blackw. Mag. LVI. 641, I resolved to leave my gig at
New Orleans, procuring in its stead a sort of dearborn or
railed cart. 1881 Harper's Mag. 181 The country people
bring their produce to town in carts, dearborns, and market-
wagons.
Dea‘r-bou'ght, z. [Dear adv.] Bought at
a high price, obtained at great cost.
1384 Cuaucer //. Fame ut. 662 For that is dere boghte
honour. 1862 J. Heywoop Prov. §& Epigr. (1867) 31. Dere
bought and far fet Are deinties for Ladies. 1591 SHaks.
1 Hen, V7,1. i. 252 Englands deere bought Queen. 1719
De For Crusoe (1840) I. xiv. 232 Dear-bought experience.
1813 Scott Rokeby 1. xxii, Our dear-bought victory.
+ Dearch, derch, Sc.var. dwergh, obs. f. DWARF.
¢1g00 Kennepie in /lyting w. Dunbar 33 Dreid, dirtfast
dearch. did. 395 Duerch [v.7. derch] I sall ding the.
Deare, obs. f. DARE v.2, Dear, DEER, DERE.
Dearfe, var. of DERF Ods.
+Deargenta‘tion. Obs. vare.—° [f. L. dear-
gentare to plate with silver, f. de- (Dr- I. 3) + av-
gentum silver.] ‘A laying over with silver’
(Bailey, vol. II. 1727).
+Dearring. Obs. ? nonce-wd. [f. DEARS#.? + -ING
(? for the sake of the rime).] Darling.
16or J. Weever Mirr. Martyrs Bviib, The seauenth not
appearing... Venus white doue, and Mars his onely dearing.
+ Dear joy. Os. A familiar appellation for
an Irishman,
1688 Vox Cleri pro Rege 47 It seems his Power is absolute,
but, not arbitrary, which is, like a Dear-Joy’s Witticism, a
distinction without a difference. 1698 Farquuar Love §
Bottle v. iii, Oh my dear Roebuck !—And faith is it you,
dear joy. 1699 B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Dear Foies, Irish-
men, 1710 Brit. Apollo 11. Quarterly No. 3.7/2 A Dear Joy,
byShaint Patrick’s Shoe-Buckle.. With Usquebaugh warm’d.
earling, obs. form of DARLING.
Dearly (diesli), adv. Forms: see DEAR al
[OE. déorlice,=OS. diurlico, OHG. tiurlihho, f.
OE. déorlic glorious, precious, OS. diz7lic, OHG.
tiurlih, f. DEAR a.1; see -LY 2,]
+1. Ina precious, worthy, or excellent manner ;
worthily, choicely, finely, richly. Ods.
@ 1000 Cynewutr Elene 1159 (Z.) To hwam hio ba neglas
[i. e. of the cross] selost and deorlicost gedon meahte. ¢ 1325
£. E. Allit, P. A. 994 As derely deuysez pis ilk toun, In
apocalyppez pe apostel Iohan. 1377 Lanct. P. P/. B. xix. 2,
1. .dizte me derely & dede me to cherche. c1400 Destr.
Troy 3463 And double fest pat day derely was holdyn,
With all pe reuell & riolte bat Renkes couthe deuise. 148
Caxton G. de la Tour Hjb, The lady..made him tones]
to be nouryshed in her wardrobe more derely. 1606 SHAKs.
Tr. & Cr, 11 iii, 96 Man, how dearely euer parted. .Cannot
make boast to haue that which he hath. .but by reflection.
2. As one who is held dear; with feelings of
tender affection; affectionately, fondly. (Now
used only with the vb. Jove or its equivalents.)
c120§ Lay. 18896 Pz zremite gon to weopen, deorliche he
hine custe. c1350 Wil. Palerne 4374 Ne to hire do no
duresse, as pou me derli louest. 1488 Caxton Chast, Goddes
Chyld. 14 Loth she is to forgoo her chylde the whiche she
derely louyth. 1570 T. Norton tr. Nowel’s Catech. (1853)
Ee he dearlier that any man is beloved of God. 1611
‘OURNEUR Ath, Trag. u. iv, So deerely pittifull that ere the
re Could aske his charity with dry eyes he gaue ’em
eliefe wi’ teares. 1650 W. Broucu Sacr. Princ. (1659) 42
All whom Thou hast made more nearly and dearly mine.
1789 Mrs. Prozz1 Yourn. France 1. 6 Poor Dr. James..
loved profligate conversation dearly. 1856 Emerson xg.
Traits, Manners Wks. (Bohn) II. 48 Born in a harsh and
wet climate. .he dearly loves his house. r
b. with Af/. adj. ; often aed as in 4.
1526-34 TinDALE Rom. xii. 1 erly beloued, avenge not
youre selves. 1625 Mitton Death Fair Infant iv, His
dearly-lovéd mate. 1838 Dickens O. Twist II. xii. 200
Dearly-attached companion. 1878 Q. Vicroria Leé. in
Lond. Gaz. 27 Dec., To call away from this world her
dearly-beloved daughter, the Princess Alice.
+8. With reference to other feelings than love
or affection: a. From the heart, heartily, ear-
nestly. Ods.
DEARTH.
hs in Wright Lyric P. xxxix, Drynke to am deorly
f fol god bous. ¢ 1340 Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1031 He ..derely
hym ponkkez. «1400-50 Alexander 2352 A doctour, ane
Domystyne pai derely beseke To consaile paim. 1485 Cax-
ton Paris & V.24 Prayed hir moche derly that she shold
not open it. 1606 Suaks. 7%. & Cr. Iv. v.18 Most deerely
welcome to the Greekes, sweete Lady.
+b. Carefully. Ods.
c 1400 Maunpev. (1839) x. 112 The Sarrazines kepen that
place fulle derely.
+e. Deeply, keenly. Os. Cf. DEAR a.?
1s90 Suaks. Com. Err. ui. ii. 132 How deerely would it
touch thee to the quicke Shouldst thou but heare I were
licencious. 1600 — A. Y. L.1. iii. 35 My father hated his
father dearly. 1602 — //am. tv. iii. 43 We deerely greeue
For that which thou hast done.
4. Atahigh price ; at great cost; = DEAR adv. 1.
Now usually fg. When modifying an adj. used
attributively it is usually hyphened, as ‘a dearly-
bought advantage’.
¢ 1489 Caxton Sounes of Aymon xx. 454 For suche dyde
folowe..that payd derely forit. @1533 Lp. Berners Huon
xciv. 305 He shal derely abye it. 1550 CrowLey Epigr.
1324 Suche maner stones as are most dearlye solde. 1568
Grarton Chron, 11. 264 Such hurtes and dammages. .should
be deerely revenged. 1671 Mitton Samson 1660 Oh
dearly-bought revenge, yet glorious! 1797 G. Cotman Br.
Grins, Lodgings ae Single Gent. i, Some [lodgings] are
good and let dearly. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. 1.611 The
Mendip miners stood bravely to their arms, and sold their
lives dearly. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. 11. xxiv. 237 All the
dearly-earned documents of the expedition.
+ Dearly, 2. Obs. [OE. had aéor/ic illus-
trious, splendid, brave: but the later examples are
app. nonce-formations from Dear a.! + -Ly1.]
Dear.
Beowulf (Th.) 1174 Swa deorlice dad. a 1300 Cursor A,
3700 (Cott.) Bot hend and hals es als i tru Mi dereli suns
child esau [/*. my derly sone hit ys esaw, G. § 77. dere
son]. 18.. Ballad,‘ Jamie Douglas’ vi. in Child Ballads
vil. cciv. 98/1 She was a dearly nurse to me.
+ Dearm, v. Obs. rarve—°. [ad. L. dearmare
to disarm: see Dr- I. 5.] ‘To disarm’ (Bailey,
vol. IT, 1727).
Dearne, -ful, -ly : see DERN, -FUL, -LY.
Dearn, obs. form of Darn vz.
Dearness (diemés). [f. DEAR @.1 +-NESS.]
1. The quality of being dear: a. of being held
in esteem and affection ; hence b. Intimacy, mutual
affection ; e. Affection, fondness.
¢ 1320 Sexyn Sag. (W.) 3144 Dame, said the erl ful sone,
For grete derenes es yt done. a 1440 Sir Eglam., MS. Lin-
coln A. i. 17 f. 138 (Halliw.) With the erle es he lent In
derenes nyghte and daye. 1599 Suaxs. M/uch Ado m1. ii.
tor, I thinke, he holds you well, and in dearenesse of heart.
1624 Bepett Left. i. go Neither soothing vntruth for the
dearnesse of your person, nor breaking charitie. 1656 Jerr.
Taytor in Evelyn's Mem. (1857) U1. 72, I am, in great
heartiness and dearness of affection .. your .. most affec-
tionate friend. @1715 Burnet Own Time (1766) I. 185 The
dearness that was between them, was now turned. .to a most
violentenmity. 1842 Tennyson Locksley Hal/gt The child
too clothes the father with a dearness not his due. 1871 T.
Erskine Spirit. Order (1876) 20 The nearness and dearness
of my relation to Him.
+b. concr. An expression or token of affection.
1641 Mitton Ch. Govt. vi. (1851) 131 All the duties and
dearnesses which ye owe to God. 1721 Strype Eccé. Men.
I. ii. 26 The peace between the two kings, whatever mutual
dearnesses there had appeared, was but short.
2. The quality of being dear in price; expensive-
ness, costliness.
1530 Patscr. 213/r Derenesse, chierté. 1599 Hak uyt
Voy. 111. 269 (R.) The want of wood and deerenesse thereof
in England, 163 GouGE God's Arrows ii. § 26. 171 Scarcity
and dearenesse of corne. 1699 BentLEY Phad. Pref. 63 The
dearness of Paper, and the want of good Types. 1796
Morse Amer. Geog. I. 258 The impracticability of success,
arising from scarcity of hands, dearness of labour. 1891
Leeds Mercury 28 May 4/5 The withdrawal of the Trea-
sury bills..was due solely to the temporary dearness of
money.
+ De-arre’st, v. Ols. vare—1. [Dr- II. 1.]
To release from arrest ; = DISARREST,
1791 J. Bree Cursory Sketch 231 A ship dearrested or
released by order of Council.
De-arsenicize: see Dr- II. 1.
Dearth (disp), sd. Forms: 3-4 derpe,(4dierpe),
4-5 derthe, 4-6 (7 Sc.) derth, 6 darth, deerth,
6- dearth. [ME. derfe, not recorded in OE.
(where the expected form would be déerdu, dierd,
dyrd: cf, 14th c. dierBe in Ayenb.) ; but corresp.
formally to ON. dyvd with sense ‘glory’, OS.
dtiurid@a, OHG. tiurida, MHG. titrde, MG. thrde
glory, honour, value, costliness ; abstr. sb. f. WGer.:
diuri, OE. dtere, déore, DEAR a.1; see -TH.
The form derke in Gen. & Exod. (bis) and Promp. Parv.
seems to be a scribal error for dere, derde ; but its repeated
occurrence is remarkable.]
+1. Glory, splendour. Os. rare. [=ON.ay7¥.]
c1325 £. £. Allit. P. A. 99 Pe derpe perof for to deuyse
Nis no wy3 worpe that tonge berez.
+2. Dearness, costliness, high price. Ods.
(This sense, though etymologically the source of those that
follow, is not exemplified very early, and not frequent.
In some of the following instances it is doubtful.)
[1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. cii. 82 Ther felle grete derth
and scarsyte of corne and other illes in that land. 1596
Br. Bartow Three Serm. i. 5 Dearth is that, when all
those things which belong to the life of man ., are rated at
DEARTH.
a high price.) 1632 in Cramond Ann. Banff (1891) 1. 67
Com; a Of he dearthe of the prgce tao a R.
Baie Lett. § Frnis. (1841) 11. 175, I cannot help the ex-
traordinarie dearth: they say the soume the author
putts on his copie, is the cause of it. 1793 Bentuam Emanc.
Colonies Wks. 1843 IV. 413 When an article is dear, it is ..
made so by fesdon or by force. Dearth which is natural
is a misfortune : dearth w! ich be coated ie a een,
Zh 1602 Suaxs. //am. v. ii. 123 His infusion of such
earth and rareness.
3. A condition in which food is scarce and dear ;
often, in earlier use, a time of scarcity with its ac-
companying privations, a famine ; now mostly re-
stricted to the condition, as 2 time of dearth.
c 1250 Gen. §& Ex. 2237 Wex derke [?derpe], dis coren is
on, bid. 2345. 1300 Cursor M. 4700 (Cott.) Sua bigan
fe derth to grete. c1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) vi. 20 If any
derth com in be cuntree[guant il fait chier temps). c1440
Promp. Parv. 119 Derthe (P. or derke), cariscia. 1§26 ‘l1n-
DALE Luke xv. 14 There rose a greate derth thorow out all
that same londe. 1 Bk. Com. Prayer, Litany, In the
tyme of dearth and famine. 1590 Spenser F. Q. 1. ii, 2
ainty the’ J maketh derth. 1606 SHaks. Ant. § Ci.
Il. vii. 22 They know .. If dearth Or Foizon follow. 1625
Bacon Ess.
editions (Arb.) 403 The Causes and Motiues
of Seditions are .. Dearths: Disbanded Souldiers. a 1687
Petty Pol. Arith. (1690) 80 The same causes which make
Dearth in one place do often cause plenty in another. 1781
Gipson Decl. & F. II. li. 217 The fertility of Egypt sup-
plied the dearth of Arabia. 1841 W. SpacpinG /taly & /t.
Jsi, 1. 361 Augustus, in a dearth, gave freedom to twenty
thousand slaves. 1848 Mitt Pol. Econ. (1857) 11. 1. ii. 270
In modern times, therefore, there is only dearth, where there
formerly would have been famine.
b. of (+ for) corn, victuals, etc.
¢ 1400 Maunpey. (Roxb.) vi. 23 Per falles oft sithes grete
derth of corne [chier temps). 1538 Starkey England u. i.
174 The darth of al such thyngys as for fode ys necessary.
1556 Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 33 This yere [1527] was
a gret derth in London for brede. /bid. 45 This yere was
a gret derth for wode and colles. 1720 Gay Poems (1745)
I, 139 At the dearth of coals the poor repine. 1 Swirr
Let. fr. Lady conc. Bank Wks. (1841) IL. 67 The South-
Sea had occasioned such a dearth of money in the kingdom.
4. fig. and transf. Scarcity of anything, material
orimmaterial ; scanty supply; practical deficiency,
want or lack of a quality, etc.
1340 Ayenb. 256 Pe meste dierpe bet is aboute ham is of
zopnesse an of trewpe. c 1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. ? 340 Pre-
cious clothyng is cowpable for the derthe of it. ¢1477
Caxton Yason 42b, Ther is no grete derthe ne scarcete of
women. 1596 Drayton Legends iv. 45 A time when never
lesse the Dearth Of happie Wits. 1667 Drypen Ess. Dram.
Poesie Wks. 1725 1. 55 That dearth of plot and narrowness
of Imagination, which may be observed in all their Plays.
1671 C. Hatton in Hatton Corr, (1878) 60 The absence of
y® Court occasions a great dirth of news here. 1754 RicHakp-
son Grandison IV. xvii. 130 We live in an age in which
there is a great dearth of good men. 1815 Worpsw. White
Doe 1.8 Her last companion in a dearth Of love. 1875
J. Curtis Hist. Eng.151 The great pestilence of 1349 led to
such a dearth of labourers.
+ Dearth, v. Ods. [f. prec. sb.] ¢rans. To
make dear in price ; to cause or produce a scarcity
of or in anything ; to beggar.
c1440 Promp. Parv. 119 Derthyn or make dere, cavisco,
carioro. ¥ Zepheria ii. in Arb. Garner V. 66 Thy
Worth hath dearthed his Words, for thy true pias ! 1743
in Cramond A nm. greater ad I. 153 Thomas Murray having
dearthed the flesh Mercat by buying up some pork.
Hence + Dea'rthing vé/. sd. and f#/. a.
1872 Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I, 404 To susteane
thowsandis of strangeris .. to the derthing of all viweris
{=vivres]. 1593 NasHE Christ's 7. (1613) 64 This huge
word-dearthing taske.
+ Dea‘rther. Ovs. [f. DEARTH v.+-ER.] One
who causes a dearth or scarcity in commodities.
1622 Matynes Anc. Law-Merch. 445 Against Forestallers,
Regraters, and dearthers of corne and victualls, 1
. CHAMBERLAYNE S?. Gt. Brit. u. ut. vi. (1743) 389 Punish-
ing forestallers, regraters, and dearthers of corn,
+ Dea‘rthful. 00s. nonce-wd. [f. DEARTH sé,
+-FUL.] Costly, expensive,
1786 Burns Sc. Drink xvi, It sets you ill, Wi’ bitter,
dearthfu’ wines to mell, Of foreign gill.
te, a. Obs. [Cf. next, and Ar-
TICULATE @.] Divided by joints ; freely articulated.
Also De-arti‘culated a.
1650 Butwer Anthropomet. vii. 87 His Ears not too big
nor too little, well engraved, de-articulate. 1615 Crooxe
Body of Man v. (1616) 286 It hath bin observed that the
geniture yssuing from a woman. .hath bin dearticulated.
De:-articula‘tion. Ava. [ad. med.L. de-
articulatio, used to translate d:dpOpwors in Aristotle
and Galen.] a. Division by joints; b. ‘ Articu-
lation admitting of movement in several directions;
= Drarturosis’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); ¢. Distinct arti-
culation (of the voice).
1615 Crooxe Body of Man 333 A dearticulation of the
Ee. 1634 T. Jounson Pare Chirurg. v1, xiii, (1678) 165
articulation is a composition of the bones with a manifest
and visible motion. 1650 Butwer Anthropomet. 144 There
would be much of the voice lost in dearticulation. 1651
Biccs New Disp. P98 The dearticulation of the operati:
of nature,
+ Deartuate, v. Obs. rare. [f. L. deartuare,
f. artus joint, member: see De- I. 6.) ¢rans,
To dismember. So + Deartua‘tion, dismem
ment.
1623 Cockeram, Deartuate.
Ser.175 Framing « very mai
tion and deartuation. .of it,
1653 GaTAKER ind. Annot.
A and gl A Al, ly
72
+ Dea‘rworth, derworth, ¢. 0/s. Forms:
1 déorwurpe, dyrwurpe, 2 derwur®e, der -
wurd, dierewurd, 2-3 deor-, deore-, dere-
wurde, 3 durewurSe, 3-5 dere-, derworpe,
derwarde, 4-6 dereworth, 6 dearworth. [OE.
déor-, rn, app. f. déeru, déoru DEAR sb.) +
rpe worthy.
t Worthy of high estimation, highly valuable,
precious, costly.
¢888 K. AEtrrep Boeth, x. 28 Det is zit deorwyrpre Sonne
monnes lif. x Blickl. Hom. 3% & on i ze on deor-
wyrpum hrezlum. c1o0o Ags. Gosf. Matt. xiii. 46 He
funde pat an deorwyrde [c 1160 Hatton derwurde] meregrot.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 19 He .. alesde us..mid his derewurde
flesse and mid his blode. c¢1200 7'rin. Coll. Hom. 145 Hie
nam ane box..and hine fulde mid derewurde_ smerieles.
1300 Ten Commandm. 1 in E. E. P. (1862) 15 pi derwor!
blode pat bou schaddist for mankyn. ¢1374 CHAucrR Boeth,
11. iv. 41 Pat bei ne ben more derworpe to pe ben pine owen
lijf. cx400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 26 pe t is wipynne pe
arterye is ful derwarde & nedip gret keg ¢ 1422 Hoc-
cLeveE Learn to Die 448 Of satisfaccioun the leeste deede
Right dereworthe were it in this neede,
. Worthy, honourable, noble, glorious.
c1175 Lawib. Hom. 79 pet he alihte .. from derewurd
wuninge. 1175 Cott. Hom, 231 Se hiaford into par halle
come mid his dferewurd zeferede. Alex. & Dind.
243 Whan dereworbe dindimus be enditinge hurde. a 1400-
go Alexander 2679 Now dose him fra Darius, a dereworth
[v.r. darworth] prince. c1420 Avow. Arth. xxii, Bidus me
Sir Gauan, Is derwurthe on dese !
8. Of persons: Dearly esteemed, dear, beloved.
a1225 Ancr. R. 2 Louerd! seid Godes Spuse to hire
deorewurde Spus. 1382 Wyc tir 2 Cor. vii.1 Moost dere-
worthe britheren. ¢ 1400 Sowdone Bad, 1512 My fader so
dereworth and der. ¢ 1422 Hoccteve Learn to Die 498 Of
alle freendes thow, the derwortheste. 1557 7ottedl’s Misc.
(Arb.) 117 A dearworth dame.
+ Dea‘rworthily, a. Ods. [f. DEarwortHY
+ -LY?.] Worthily, honourably; preciously,
richly ; affectionately.
a 1300 Cursor M. 13669 (Gott.) Ful derworthili his lauerd
he gret. ?a1400 Morte Arth, 3252 A duches dere-worthily
dyghte in dyaperde wedis. c1410 Love Bonavent. Mirr. iv.
(Gibbs MS.), [Sche] roos uppe and clypped hire derworthyly
{ed. 130 worthily] and tenderly. /d7d. xiv, Sche .. clypp-
ynge hym_derworthyly [v.7, derworthely; ed. 1§30 lou-
yngely] in hyre armes.
+ Dea‘rworthiness. Os. [f. as prec. +
-NEss. OE. had aéorwyrfnes.] _ Preciousness,
worthiness, valuableness; //. (in OE.), valuables,
treasures.
[¢ 888 K. AEcrrep Boeth. vii. § 4 Mid golde, ze mid seolfre,
ze mid eallum deorwyrpnessum.] ¢ 1325 Metr. Hom, 11
‘Than es the gret derworthines Of precheours that bers
witnes. did. 73 Wit lovely worde and dereworthynes.
+ Dea‘rworthly, adv. Os. In 3-4 -liche,
4 -lye, -li, -ly, (derwurly). [Early ME. f. Dear-
WORTH a. + -/iche, -LY 2.] = DEARWORTHILY.
¢ 1205 Lay. 15151 Twa hundred cnihten. . be sculen biwiten
pene king, dose wsinricee Fore alle bing. ax122g5 Ancr. R.
410 Peos beon deoruwurdliche i-wust, a@1300 Cursor A.
5322 (Cott.) He. .mensked him derworthli [7.77.dereworthly,
-worpely]. ¢1320 R. Brunne Medit. 180 How derwurly,
afore hys ende, A derwurb 3yfte he wulde with pe lete.
©1325 Metr. Hom. 84 Wel birs us blis the derworthelye.
1413 LypG. Pilger. Sow/le u. lxiii. (1859) 59 Thou .. keptest
me ful derworthly, that I went nought from the.
+ Dea‘rworthy, derworthy, «. O/s. [A
ME. formation from DrarwortH, with assimila-
tion of the second element to WortHY.] = DEar-
WORTH.
a — Cursor M. 4731 (Cott.) Mi stiward ioseph al fedes
me, For darworthi far-til es he. cx Cuaucer Boeth,
1. 1, 31 Is present fortune derworpi to be. 1414 Brampton
Penit, Ps. vii, Helde no3t thi wretthe on my Inesse, Thi
derworthi childeryn whan thou schalt blesse. ¢ 1430 //ymns
Virg. (1867) 52 derworbiest oile pat euere was. c¢ 1485
Digby Myst. (1882) 11. 1086 O, pou dere worthy emperowere !
De » Vie (divri), sd, anda. Also 7-8 dearee.
[f. Dear a.1+-1E, -y4.] Diminutive of dear,
A. sb. A little dear; a darling: a familiar term
of amatory and conjugal endearment.
1681 Otway Soldier's Fort. ut. i, Lose thee, poor Love,
Dearee, Baby. 1705 VansruGu Con/fed. v. ii. 301
fro their husbands] Bye, dearies! 1739 R. Butt tr. Dede-
hindus’ Grobianus 151 You'll be her Love, her Dearee, what
you will. 1798 Wo corr (P. Pindar) Pindariana Wks.
e
1812 IV. hugs and kisses his old Deary. 1870
Dicxens £. Drood i, Here’s another ready for ye, deary.
1890 W, A. Watiace Only a Sister ! 88 A ‘Mapleton in love
is a Mapleton still, for all your pretty ways, dearie.
5 juots.
1691 Ray NV. C. Words, Deary, little. 1828 Craven Dial.,
Deary, an adjunct to little and equivalent to very; ‘ ‘This is
a deary little bit’. 1877 NV. W. Linc. Gloss. s.v., ‘I never
seed such deary little apples in all my life.’ 1888 Ex-
peed Word-bk. s.v., ‘There is a deary little
sg ; Be
ras interj7. Deary me ! an extension of Dear me!
usually more sorrowful in its tone.
utron Bran New Wark 343 (E. D. S,) Deary me!
"ll steal naa maar ..
Od sacl me ! he must have ise uakae of soca ei
Deas(e, deasse, obs. forms of Dats. ;
DEATH.
|| Deasil, deiseal dye'fal, deal), adv., sd.
i deiseil (detseal, deasal) adj. and adv., right-
, turned toward the right, dextrorsum, f.
deas right hand, south, in Olt. dess, des, Welsh
dehau, ite with Lat. dex-ter, Gr. -16s.
(The meaning of the latter is unknown.)
Righthandwise, towards the right ; motion with
continuous turning to the right, as in going round
an object with the right hand towards it, or in the
same direction as the hands of a clock, or the ap-
ent course of the sun (a practice held auspicious
oe Celts).
1771 Pennant Tour Scotl. in 1769, (Jam. s.v. Widder-
sinnis) At marriages and baptisms iy make a procession
round the church, Deasoil, i.e., sunwa 1974-5 — Tour
Scotl, in 1772, Il. 15 (Jam.) The s,s lunatics are
brought here by their friends, who first perform the cere-
mony of the Deasil thrice round a neighbouring cairn.
1794 Statist, Acc. Perthshire X1. 621 c- If a person’s
meat or drink were to .. come against his breath, they in-
stantly cry out, Deisheal ! which is an ejaculation praying
that it may go the right way. bore eg Wav. xxiv, The
surgeon. .perambulated his couch t times, moving from
east to west, according to the course of the sun. . which was
called making the deasil. 1875 Lussock Orig. Civiliz. vi.
300 There was a sacred stone in Jura round which the
people used to move ‘ deasil’, i. e. sunwise.
De-aspirate, -ation, -ator: see Dr- II. 1.
Death (dep). Forms: a. 1-4 déap, 2 dap,
| diep, 2-3 dep, 2-4 dep, 3 death, diap, diath,
dip, 4 deep, dyap, dyeap, 4-5 deythe, 4-6
deth, dethe, 5 deeth, 6 Sc. deith, 6- death.
Also B. 3 dead, deed, 3-6 ded, dede, (4 dedd,
did), 4-5 (6-8 Sc.) deed, 5-6 deyd, ne (chiefly
Sc.) dead, 4-9 Sc. deid. [A Common Tent. sb. :
OE. déap = OF ris. déth, (WFris. dead), OS.
d68, did (MDu. and MLG. dét(d-), Du. dood), OHG.
téd, MHG. ¢6t (Ger. tod), ON. orig. daudr, usually
daudi (Sw., Da. did), Goth. daupus, an OTeut.
deriv. in -Ju-z (= L. -/u-s) of the verbal stem dau-
(pre-Teut. type dhau-, *dhau’-tu-s), whence ON.
pies to Diz. (Cf. also Dean.) Of the ME, form
ded, dede, usual in the northern dial. (but not
confined to it), Sc. 4- deid (did), also spelt 6-
dead, the history is not quite clear; the final d
agrees with Sw. and Da., and suggests Norse in-
fluence, but the vowel regularly represents OE. éa:
cf. Sc. breid, heid, steid (brid, etc.).]
I. 1. The act or fact of dying ; the end of life; the
final cessation of the vital functions of an animal
or plant. a. of an individual.
1 Blickl. Hom. 33 He mid his costunge ure comeans
oforswipde, and mid his deabe urne deab. c1ago O.
Kentish Serm. in O. E. Misc. 36 Non ne wot pane dai of
his diape. a1300 X. Horn 58 So fele bey oh ca Bringe
hem pre to dibe. ©3449 Pscock Refr. 376 wommen..
whiche after hir h dis deethis den .. lyue chaast.
wes Suaxs, Mids. N. v. i. ang the death of a deare friend.
1667 Mitton P. Z, 1x. 832 With him all deaths I could
| endure, without him live no life. 1887 J. A. Hamitton in
Dict. Nat. Biog. 1X. 370/2 He bore the scar to his death.
B. _cx20§ Lay. ae “a .. Sweor, pat Euelin i don
dzxi Ded sculde polien. Euelin wes swide of-dred, For me
him dead bi-hahte. a 1300 Cursor M. 905 (Cott.) sal
be slan wit duble dedd. ¢ 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb. x.
He wald..suffer hard passioun and dede. ¢ 1450 St. Cuth-
de Gert SS Vey aan we Sayuad to ane olws ged ght
1 Au Ri ‘ay (1888) 1 to ane
to one ewil deid, sae Bucnanan Ane Admonitioun
Wks. 23 To revenge his faderis deid. a 1605 MonTGoMERIE
Misc. Poems xxii. 41 Then wer I out of dout of deed.
b. in the abstract.
¢ 888 K. AZLrrep Boeth. viii. 26 Se di hit huru afirrep.
a 1200 Moral Ode xcviii. in £. £. so cet ee ee in
pis middenerd purh pe ealde deofles onde, ¢1340 Cursor M.
835 ae tyme furst coomdepto man. 1398 TRE-
visa Barth. De PR ii callyd mors for it
is bitter. 1583 Harsner Serm,
no two things so i
P. 2.63 F
tast Brought Death into the World. 1769 Cowrer Lett. ax
ae is one most formidable, or = most a
ortable thing we have in eELey Lecce
Home iv. (ed. 8) 35 The Gredk did not believe death to be
annihil
B. ax300 Cursor M. 20841 (Gitt.) Pat lijf, ne dede, ne
weld on iene Mai neuer turn nl pony ly 1340 Hampote
Pr. Consc. 1666 Ded es be mast dred thing es, dys
Barsour Bruce 1. Idome is weill wer than
c1420 Sir Amadas (Weber) 152 Then com .. And
m Pere aroond and me. sap Sie icht Vay
jit throw wictore,
@, as a personified agent. (Usually figured as
nL, vii. 63,
within whose emptie eye There is a written scroule.
Mitton P. L, xt, Over them triumphant Death his
Dart Shook ; but id to strike. 1839 Loner. Reafer §
Flowers i, There is a Ri
eaper, whose name is Death. 1874
Fow.er in Proc. Soc. Antig. 19 Feb, 143 A figure
Pa
. repr as with
2. = state = dead ; the state or _
dition of being without animation, or activity.
axooo Andreas 583 (Gr) He.. men of deade he?
awehte. cr ‘om. gx Crist aras of deade.
rage Gen. Br. 265 Quan al man-kinde. .Sal ben fro dede
DEATH.
to liue bro3t. 1340 Ayend. 7 Oure lhord aros uram dyabe
tolyue. ¢ 1450 S¢, Cuthbert (Surtees) 871 Rays pis bryd to
lyfe fra deed. 1827 Pottox Course 7. 111, 1000 This wilder-
ness of intellectual death. 1864 Tennyson En, Ard..561
One .. Lay lingering out a five-years’ death-in-life. AZod.
His eyes were closed in death.
“| In preceding senses the death was frequent in
Old and Middle English, and down to the 16th c.
See also 7, 12¢, 13; Zo die the death: see Din.
888 K. AELrrep Boeth. viii. 26 Se deap ne cymd to nanum
odrum bingum. cx1175 Lamb, Hom. 109 Pe alde mei him
witan iwis pone ded. az225 Ancr. R. 52 Pus eode sihde
biuoren .. & com pe dead per efter. 1340 Hamrote Pr.
Consc. 355 Of be dede and whi it estodrede. «1400 Relig.
Pieces fr. Thornton MS. (1867) 3 When pe dede has sun-
ie oure bodyes and oure saules. ¢ 1430 Syr Tryanz. 104
‘ylle thou be broght to the dedd. 1513 Doucias ne/s
1. 1. 54 Quhilk hed the deideschapit. @ 1555 Latimer Seri.
Rem. (1845) 3 He.. rose again from the death. 1594
HAKS. Rich. ITT, 1. ii. 179, I lay it [his breast] naked to
the deadly stroke, And humbly begge the death. 1599 —
Hen. V, 1. i, 181 Where they feared the death, they haue
borne life away. :
3. transf. The loss or cessation of life in a parti-
cular part or tissue of a living being.
1800 Med. F¥rnd, I11. 543 So great a torpor, as to produce
‘the death or mortification of the parts’. 1869 Huxiey
Physiol. i.23 When death takes place, the body, as a whole,
dies first, the death of the tissues not occurring until after
a considerable interval.
+4. Loss of sensation or vitality, state of uncon-
sciousness, swoon. Ods. rare. (Cf. DEAD a. 2.)
1596 Sir J. Smyrue in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 97 It
brought sodeyne death itself upon me for three quarters of
an houre. x
5. fig. The loss or want of spiritual life; the
being or becoming spiritually dead. Zhe second
death : the punishment or destruction of lost souls
after physical death.
c1000 Ags. Gosp. John v. 24 Ic secze eow pet se be min
word gehyr®. .feerd fram deade to life. cx175 Lamb. Honz,
39 Penne bure3est pu here saule .. from pan ufele deade.
¢ 1200 OrMIN 19052 Piss lif niss nohht rihht nemmnedd lif
Acc dep itt ma33 ben nemmnedd. c1325 2. £. Addit. P.
A. 651 [He] delyuered vus of be deth secounde. 1382
Wycuir Rev, xxi. 8 The pool brennynge with fijr and brun-
ston, that is the secounde deeth. ¢1g00 Maunpev. (Roxb.)
Pref. 1 To by and delyuer vs fra deed withouten end. 7483
Caxton G. de la Tour D vj, The perille of the deth of helle.
1534 TINDALE (om. viii. 6 To be carnally mynded, is deeth.
1885 S. Cox Expositions I. xx, The want of this [eternal]
life is eternal death. E
b. Loss or deprivation of civil life; the fact or
state of being cut off from society, or from certain
rights and privileges, as by banishment, imprison-
ment for life, etc. (Usually c¢vz/ death.)
1622 FLETCHER Sf. Curate 1v.1, This banishment is a kind
of civil death. 1765 Blackstone Cov. 1.1. ii. 145 A disso-
lution is the civil death of the parliament. 1767 /é7d. II.
121 It may also determine by his civil death; as if he enters
into a monastery, whereby he is dead inlaw. 1772 FLETCHER
Appeal Wks. 1795 I. 100 Does not the spirit of persecution
.-Inflict at least academic death upon [them]? 1871
Marxsy Elem. Law § 120 A sort of conventional death, or,
as it is sometimes called, a civil death.
e. Of a thing: Cessation of being, end, extinc-
tion, destruction.
1413 Lypo. Piler. Sow/le mt. x. (1483) 56 And oure deth is
withouten deth for it hath none ende. 1718 Watts Hymns
ut. xxiii, Our faith beholds the dying Lord, And dooms
our sins todeath. 182r SHELLEY Boat on Serchio29 From
the lamp’s death to the morning ray. 1884 W.C. SmitH
Kildrostan 48 Suspicion murders love, and from its death
Come anguish and remorse.
6. Bloodshed, slaughter, murder.
@ 1626 Bacon (J.), Not to suffer a man of death to live.
1822 SHELLEY Hellas 431 The dew is foul with death.
1883 Cuurcu & Bropriss tr. Livy xxu. li. rr8 Some were
cut down by the foe as they rose covered with blood from
the field of death.
7. Cause or occasion of death, as in Zo be the death
of; something that kills, or renders liable to death;
poet. a deadly weapon, poison, etc.
971 Blick. Hom. 67 He cweb, ‘Eala deap, ic beo pin
deap’. bo Wyciir 2 Kings iv. 40 Thei crieden oute,
seyinge, Deth in the pott ! deth in the pott! 1596 SHaks.
1 Hen. IV, 1. i. 14 Poore fellow neuer ioy’d since the price
of oats rose, it was the death of him. 1599 — Much Ado
ul. ii, 19 What life is in that, to be the death of this mar-
riage? 16.. Drypen (J.), Swiftly flies The feather’d death,
and hisses through the skies. 1704 Pore Windsor For. 132
The clam’rous lapwings feel the leaden death. 1773 GoLpsm.
Stoops to Cong.1, A school would be his death. 1842 M1ati
Nonconf. 11. 49 These churchmen magistrates will be the
death of us. 1847 Tennyson Princ, v1. 260 You might mix
his draught with death.
B.. ¢ 1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 365 Pou art mi liif, mi ded
y-wis ..Y dye for pe loue of te c1500 Melusine 26 He
thenne pulled out of hys brest the piece of the swerd, and
knew that it was hys dede. 1725 Ramsay Gent. Shesh. u.
ii, Her cheeks, her mouth, her een, Will be my dead.
1792 Burns Auld Rob Morris iii, The wounds I must hide
that will soon be my dead. J/od. Sc. You have been the
deid o’ him,
+8. A general mortality caused by an epidemic
disease ; a pestilence. Ods. exc. as in b.
{¢ 1358 Epw. III. Let. to Pope Innocent VI in Hist. Lett.
NV. Registers (Rolls) 405 Quodam morbo incurabili in tibia,
mala mors vulgariter nuncupato, percussus.]_¢ 1400 Knicu-
TON Chron. iv. an. 1348, Scoti..sumpserunt in juramen-
tum..sub hac forma quando jurare volebant, Per fed
mortem Anglorum, anglice be the foul dethe of Engelond.
1480 Caxton Descr. Brit. 35 This was moche vsed to-for y®
grete oa pews pe furste moreyn]. 1480-90 Chron.
ou. IIT.
73
Scots in Pinkerton Hist. Scot. 1. App. 502 (an. 1482) Thar
was ane gret hungyr and deid in Scotland. 1556 Chow.
Gr. Friars (Camden) 29 Thys yere was a gret deth at the
Menerys. 1577-8 OLINSHED Chron. III. 961/r In this
yeare a great death of the pestilence reigned in London.
b. Black Death, the name now commonly
given to the Great Pestilence or visitation of the
Oriental Plague, which devastated most countries of
Europe near the middle of the 14th c., and caused
great mortality in England in 1348-9; sometimes
also including the recurrences of the epidemic in
1360 and 1379.
The name ‘black death’ is modern, and was app. intro-
duced into English history by Mrs. Penrose (Mrs. Markham)
in 1823, and into medical literature by Babington’s transl. of
Hecker’s Der Schwarze Tod in 1833. In earlier writers
we find the pestilence, the plague, great pestilence, great
death, or in distinction from later visitations ¢he /urste
moreyn, the first pestilence; Latin chroniclers have Zestis,
pestilentia, epidemia, mortalitas. The distinctive magna
mortatitas, ‘ great mortality’ or ‘death’, and its equivalents,
prevailed in many languages: Ger. das grosse sterben,
LGer. de grote dot, Flem. de grocte doet, Da. den store did
or manddith, Swed. (1402) store dédhin, later stordiden,
digerdéden (thick or frequent mortality), Norweg. (14th
c.) manndaudi hinn mikli; cf. \t. mortalega grande, ¥.
la grande peste, etc. ‘The epithet ‘black’ is of uncertain
origin, and not known to be contemporary anywhere. It
is first found in Swedish and Danish 16th c. chroniclers
(swarta didhen, den sorte ddd). Hence, in German, Schlizer
in 1773 used der schwarze Tod in reference to Iceland, and
Sprengel in 1794 took it as a general appellation, From
modern German the name has passed into Dutch (de zwaarte
dood) and English, and has influenced French (da peste
noire). ‘The quots. 1758 and 1780 below are translations
from Danish and Swedish through German, and refer not
to the pestilence of 1348, which did not reach Iceland, but
to a later visitation in 1402-3, known at the time as plagan
miki (the great plague), but called by modern Icelandic
historians, from 17th c., svarti dade (black death).
[c 1440 Watsincuam Chron, Vitle of chap.. De magna
mortalitate in anglia, que a modernis vocatur prima pesti-
lentia. 1758 tr. Horrebow'’s Nat. Hist. Iceland in Gentil.
Mag. XXVIII. 79 Inthe rqth century a disease called the
Sorte dod, or black death, destroyed almost all the inhabi-
tants in the place [Iceland]. 1780tr. Lett. fron [hre (1776)
in Von Troil’s Lett. Iceland 305 Schlozer divides the Ice-
landic literature into three periods. .the golden period, from
the introduction of christianity to the close of the thirteenth
[séc—should be fourteenth] century, when the black death
or the great plague..checked the progress of poetry. 1800
Ted, Sen. IV. 365 He [Cit. Papon] speaks of the plague..
in 1347, otherwise called the black plague.]
1823 Mrs. Markuam [Eliz. Penrose] //zst. Eng. xviii, Ed-
ward's successes in France were interrupted during the next
six years by a most terrible pestilence—so terrible as to be
called the black death. 1833 B.G. Basinoron (¢7¢/e) The
Black Death in the Fourteenth Century. From the German
of J. F. E. Hecker, M.D. 1874 Green Short Hist. v. § 4.
an. 1349, The Black Death fell on the village almost as
fiercely as on the town. 1885 ELucycl. Brit. XIX. 164/2 s.v.
Plague, The mortality of the black death was..enormous.
It is estimated in various parts of Europe at two-thirds or
three-fourths of the population in the first pestilence, in
England even higher. 1893 F. A. Gasquet (¢/t/e) The
Great Pestilence (a.p. 1348-9), now commonly known as the
Black Death.
+9. Hunting. A blast sounded at the death of
the game; =Mort. Ods.
1741 Compl. Fam. Piece 1. i. 293 He that first gets in
cries Hoo-up..and blows a Death.
10. As a vehement exclamation or imprecation.
See also ’SDEATH.
ig Nokia Oth, 1. iii. 396 Death and damnation! Oh!
1668 Drypen Evening’s Love iv. ii, Death, you make me
mad, sir! 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. W. xi, Death ! to be seen by
ladies. .in such vulgar attitudes !
II. Phrases.
+11. In ME. the genitive was occasionally (as in
nouns of time) used adverbially = In the condition
of death, dead; so dives (gen. of Zife) =alive. Ods.
a1250 Owl § Night. 1630 Ah thu nevre mon to gode
Lives ne deathes, stal ne stode. c1314 Guy Warw. (A.)
5459 Niz3t no day swiken y nille Liues or depes that ich
im se.
12. Zo death (Sc. to deid, occas. in Eng. 40
dead): a. lit. following verbs as an adverbial
extension'expressing result, as 40 + slay, beat, stone,
etc. to death ; hence ?o do to (the) death (arch.), to
kill, slay ; ¢o put to death, to kill, esp. in the exe-
cution of justice, to execute.
c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xx. 18 Hiz ze-nyperiad hyne to
see @a1225 Fuliana 62 He sloh him wid a stan to
deade. a 1300 Cursor M. 6711 (Cott.) To ded [v.7. debe]
pat beist man sal stan. ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810)
127 Pe date. .Pat Steuen to dede was dight. cx400 Dest.
Troy 9533 The Troiens.. dong hom to dethe. c 1489
Caxton Blanchardyn v. (1890) 21 Wounded to deth. 1560-1
Bk, Discipl. Ch. Scot. vii. § 2 For suche. .the Civill swearde
aught to punische to death. c1600 SHaks. Som. xcix.
A vengeful canker eat him up to death. 1611 — Cyd.
Vv. v. 235, The Gods do meane to strike me To death with
mortall ioy. 1734 tr. Rollin’s Anc. Hist. (1827) II. m1. 189
Shot to death with darts. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C.
xix, The slave-owner can whip his refractory slave to death.
¢ 1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 3581 So mani to ded ther he dede.
c1400 Destr. Troy 11932 The knightes .. The pepull with
pyne puttyn to dethe. a1400 Sir Perc. 930 Ther he was
done to the dede. 1803-4 Act 19 Hen. VIJ, c. 34 Preamb.,
yvers [were] put to deth. 1570-6 LamBarDE Peramd.
Kent (1826) 391 lack Cade. .did to death the Lord Say, and
others. 1599 SHaks. Much Adov. iii. 3 Done to death by
slanderous tongues. 163: GouGE God's Arrows 1. § 60.
295 Ministers of Justice in putting capitall malefactors to
}
DEATH.
death, 1 "7 Grote Greece (1862) III. xxxiv. 225 They were
all put to death. 1858 Gen. P. THompson Audi Alt. II.
lxxx. 36 Haunted by pictures of some he had done to death.
b. intensifying verbs of feeling, as hate, resent,
or adjs., as s¢ck, wearvted: to the last extremity, to
the uttermost, to the point of physical or nervous
exhaustion, beyond endurance.
a1300 Cursor M. 13070 (Cott.) Herodias him hated to
ded. 1583 Hottysanp Campo di ior 241 Clodius is in-
amoured to dead of a certaine yong woman. 1613 SHAKS.
Hen. VITT, w. ii. 1 Grif. How do’s your Grace? Kath.
O Griffith, sicke to death. 1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals 1.
u. 58 The Hereticks abhor me to death. 1670 DrypEN
Cong. Granada Pt. 11. 11. iii, I’m sad to death, that I must
be your foe. 1773 Mrs. Cuarone /weprov. Mind (1774) Il.
80 A gentleman who would resent to death an imputation
of falsehood. 1806 Bioomrietp Wild Flowers Poems (1845)
220 Some almost laugh’d themselves to dead. 1840 Dickens
Barn, Rudge xxii, My stars, Simmun !..You frighten me to
death! 1850 Mrs. Cartyie Le?¢. II. 142, I have also been
bothered to death with servants. _ .
ce. Zo the death formerly interchanged with ¢o
death in all senses; it is now used only in certain
expressions, as fo pursue, persecute, wage war to
the death.
1382 Wycuir AZat/. xxvi. 38 My soule is sorowful til to
the deth. c1400 Three Kings Cologne iv. 12 Ezechias was
syke to be dethe. cx1qs0 Merlin 122 These shull the
[=thee] love and serue euertothedeth. 1563 Win3ET on
Scoir Thre Quest. Wks, 1888 I. 95 To baneis Christianis. .
and condemne thame to the dete 1568 Grarton Chron.
II. 217 The which Castell the king hated to the death.
1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. (1589) 261 With such
speeches he fought untothe death. 1599 Suaks. A7uch Ado
I, ili, 73 You are both sure, and will assist mee? Cony. To
the death my Lord. 1673 DrypEN Alarr. & la Mode v. i,
And she takes it to thedeath. 1842 S. Lover Handy Andy
ii, When he [an attorney] was obliged .. to hunt his man
to the death. 1848 Macautay //ist. Eng. Il. 207 Four
generations of Stuarts had waged a war to the death with
four generations of Puritans,
13. + Zo have or take the death: to meet one’s
death, to die. Ods. So Zo catch one’s death: see
CatcH v. 30. Yo be the death of: see sense 7.
To be (or make it) death (for) : i.e. to be (or make
it) a matter of death or capital punishment.
1438 Vorr. Portugal 1229 Vhe kyng had wend he had
the dede. c1470 Henry IVallace x1. 837 Throuch cowa-
tice, gud Ector tuk the ded. 1652 H. Bett Luther's Collog.
(Cassell’s Ed.) 13 It should be death for any person to have
..acopy thereof. 1847 TENNyson Princ. Prol. 150, I would
make it death For any male thing but to peep at us.
14. Death’s door, the gates or jaws of death:
figurative phrases denoting a near approach to, or
great danger of, death.
1382 Wyc.ir /s. cvi[i]. 18 And they ne3heden to the 3atis
of deth. 1550 CoverpaLe S77. Perle xviii, Yo bring unto
deaths door, that he may restore unto life again. 1646
P. Butkeey Gospel Covt. To Rdr. 1 When death comes
to our dores, and we are at deaths-dore. 1746 BERKELEY
and Let. Tar-water § 12 Many patients might thereby be
rescued from the jaws of death. 1855 TEeNNyson Charge
Lt. Brigade, Into the jaws of Death, Into the mouth of
Hell, Rode the six hundred. 1860 Trottore Framniley P.
xliii, Poor Mrs. Crawley had been at death’s door.
15. Zo be in at the death (in Fox-hunting): to
be present wher the game is killed by the hounds.
Also fig.
1800 WINDHAM Sfeeches Parl, (1812) I. 337 For the empty
fame of being in at the death. 1841 Lytton V4. & Morn.
vy. ix, A skilful huntsman..who generally contrived to be in
at the death.
16. Zo be death on (slang): to be eminently
capable of doing execution on, ora very good hand
at dealing with ; to be very fond of.
1855 Hatisurton Nat. §& Hum. Nat. 225 (Bartlett)
Women..are born with certain natural tastes. Sally was
death on lace. 1860 BartLetr Dict. Amer. s.v., To be
death on a thing, is to be..a capital hand at it, like the
quack doctor who could not manage the whooping-cough,
but was, as he expressed it, ‘death on fits’. Vulgar. 1884
E. Fawcett Gentl. of Leisure i.g Fanny hasn’t forgotten
you .. she was always death on you English chaps. 1892
Lentzner Australian Word-bk. 19 Death on, good at..
‘Death on rabbits’, would mean a very good rabbit shot.
17. In various other phraseological expressions ;
as as pale as death (see PALE); and collog. as sure
as death, to ride, come on, hang on, etc., (ke death,
or like grim death.
1786 Burns Scotch Drink x, Then Burnewin comes on
like death, At every chaup. 1893 77¢ Bits 23 Dec. 211/3
‘The baby. .holds on to that finger like grim death,
TIT. Combinations.
“| The genitive, now used (as a possessive) only
in poetry or when death is personified, was for-
merly freely used where we should now use of,
or death- in combination, as in death’s evil, sorrow,
sting; death’s bed, day, wound (see DEATH-BED,
etc.). See also DEATH’S-FACE, -HEAD, -HERB, -RING.
a 1000 Guthlac 350 (Gr.) Nis me pes deabes sorg. c 1200
Ormin 1374 Per Cristess mennisscnesse Drannc de}
drinnch. ¢1230 Hali Med. 17 Pat dreori dede .. 3iued pat
deades dunt. c1q422 Hoccteve Learn to Die 538 Thogh
thow seeke in thy bed now lye, Be nat agast, no dethes euel
haast thow. 1847 Lyte Hymn, ‘Abide with me’ vi, Where
is death’s sting? Where, grave, thy victory?
18. General combinations of obvious meaning.
These may be formed at will, and to any extent : examples
are here given. The use of the hyphen is mainly syntac-
tical; it usually implies also a main stress on death-, as in
dea'th-grasp, dea'th-si:ckness, dea'th-pollu: ted.
10*
DEATH.
a. attributive. [As with other names of things,
employed instead of the genitive death’s. In thi
construction pe th reely used in OE., as in déap-
béam, -bedd, -cwealm, -deg, -denu, -spere, -stede,
etc.) Of death; belonging or pertaining to death ;
as death-agony, -angel, -chamber, -chime, -cry,
-dew, -dirge, +-door, +-fall, -fever, -grapple,
-groan, -hour, -knell, -pang, -sentence, -shot, -shriek,
-sleep, -song, -stab, -stiffening, -token, -vacancy,
-wraith, etc., etc. —
eu Carcrave Life St. Kath. v. 1751 sodeynly
Pid for to falle. Som men wene that deth-fal were
myserye. 1601 Cuester Love's Mart. (1870) 9 Many
Death-doore-knocking Soules complaine. 1 Saks.
Tr. & Cr. u. iii, 187 te is so plaguy proud, that the death
tokens of it Cry no recouery. 1035 Cowtey Davideis 1.972
One would have thought.. That Nature’s self in her Death-
pangs had been. a 1780 J. Carver Trav. 334 The number of
the death-cries they give, declares how many of their own
y are lost. /ézd. 337 They are then bound to a stake..
and obliged for the last time to sing their death-song.
R. Cumpertanp Calvary Poems 1803 II. 67 Christ’s death-
hour. 1 Soutuey Yoan of Arc iv. 262 He knew That
this was the Death-Angel Azrael, And that his hour was
come. 1798 SotHesy tr. Wieland’s Oberon (1826) II. 25
Pale as the cheek with death-dew icy cold. 1 NELSON
in Nicolas Disp. IV. 82 To name Sidney Smith's First
Lieutenant to the Death-vacancy of Captain Miller. 1811
W. R. Spencer Poems 96 And our death-sentence ends the
book. 1813 Byron Giaour xxiii, The deathshot hissing
from afar. 1813 SHettey Q. Mad vu. 14 Nature confirms the
faith his death-groan sealed. /did. 1x. 104 The melancholy
winds a death-dirge sung. 1814 Scott Ld. of [sles v1. xviii,
I must not Moray’s death-knell hear! 1829 CartyLe Misc.
(1857) II. 55 He gave the death-stab to modern Superstition.
1834 Ht. Martineau Demerara ix. 128 The animal was not
to be restrained. .till the long death-grapple was over. 1838
Lytron Leila 1. v, The death-shriek of his agonised father.
1842 Pusey Crisis Eng. Ch. 100 From this deathsleep ..
Protestant Germany was awakened by another battle-cry.
1851 CARPENTER J/an. Phys. (ed. 2) 221 The rg ae Mortis,
or death-stiffening of the muscles. 1882 J. H. Bunt Ref
Ch. Eng. 1. 3 The gallery out of which the death-chamber
opened. 1883 A. I. MenKEN /n/elicia 22 The last tremble
of the conscious death-agony. 1 Gurney & Myers in
19th Cent, May 792 Alleged apparitions of living persons,
the commonest of which are death-wraiths.
b. objective, with pres. pples. [already in OE.,
as déap-berende), as death-bearing, -boding, -brav-
ing, -bringing, -counterfeiting, -darting, -dealing,
-subduing, -threatening, etc., adjs.
1580 Sipney Arcadia (1622) 269 The .. summons of the
death-threatning trumpet. 1581 — Afol. Poetrie (Arb.) 27
Death-bringing sinnes.
Death-counterfeiting sleepe. 1592 — Rom. & Ful. m1. ii. 47
The death-darting eye of Cockatrice. 1593 — Lucr. 165
No noise but Owles & wolues death-boding cries. 1633
Forp Broken H. 1. ii, Death-braving Ithocles. a@17x11 KEN
Hymns Evang. Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 171 Their Death-
subduing King. 1774 Goipsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VII. 156
This death-dealing creature. 1821 SHELLEY Fugitives iv. 7
As a death-boding spirit. 1860 Sat. Rev. X. 574/1 When
these death-dealing missiles fell among them.
ce. instrumental, with pa. pples., and farasyn-
thetic, as death-begirt, -dewed, -divided, -laden,
-marked, -polluted, -shadowed, -sheeted, -slain,
-winged, -wounded, etc., adjs.
1592 Suaks. Rom. § Ful. Prol.g The fearful passage of
their death-mark'd love. ?%c 1600 Distracted Emp. 1. i. in
Bullen O. P72. III. 192 Having his deathe-slayne mistres in
his armes. 1623 Massincer Dé. Milan v. ii, Secrets that
restore To life death-wounded men! 1647 H. More Song
of Soult. 11. xxi, Through the death-shadowed wood. 1787
{ary Wottstonecr. Wks, (1798) IV. 139 Those mansions,
where death-divided friends should meet. Byron 70
Florence viii, The death-wing’d tempest’s blast. 1818
Suettey Rev. /slam x. xiii, The death-polluted land. 1832
MortHerwe.t Poet, Wks. (1847) 4 The dark death-laden
banner. @1839 MitmaN Good Friday Wks. II. 336 By thy
drooping death-dew'd brow. 1871 G. Macponatp Songs
Winter Days u1. iv, Death-sheeted figures, long and white.
1879 Browninc /van Ivanov. 30 Each village death-begirt.
d. adverbial relations of various kinds, with
adjs. and pples., rarely verbs. [With adjs. already
in OE., as dééap-fege, -scyldiz, -wériz.| In, to, unto,
of, like, as death; as death-black, -cold, -deaf, -decp,
-devoted, -doomed, -due, -great, -pale, -weary,
-worthy, etc., adjs.; death-doom vb. See also
DEATH-SICK.
1614 Sytvester Bethulia’s Rescue vi, 210 So, the Saint-
Thief, which suffered with our Saviour Was led to Life
his Death-due Behaviour. 1742 Francis Horace tv. xiv.(Jod.),
The death-devoted breast. 1742 Younc N¢. 7h. v. 75 This
Death-deep Silence, and incumbent Shade. 1776 Ucais
tr. Camoens’ Lusiad 350 Death-doom'd man. 1795 Sournry
Joan of Arc x. 596 The death-pale face. 1796 T. Townsnend
Poems 105 What tho’ the sigh or wailing voice Can't soothe
the death-cold ear. 1829 E: Exuorr Vili Patriarch
., With only one star .. in the death-black firmament.
1839 Baitey Festus ii. (1848) 11 Like Asshur’s death-great
monarch, 1863 Barinc-Goutp /celand 259, I can death-
doom him as I please. 1864 Lowrtt Fireside Trav. 242
To death-deaf hage shout in vain. 1866 Howe.is
Venet. Life iti. 34 All the floors. .are death-cold in winter.
19. Special combs.: death-adder, a name for
the genus Acanthophis of venomous serpents, esp.
A. antarctica of Australia; also erron. f. deaf-adder,
deaf adder: see DEA¥ a. 1 d, 7; death-baby (U.S.),
see quot.; death-bill (Zcc/.), a list of dead for
whom prayers were to be said (see quot.) ; death-
blast, (a) a blast of a horn, etc, announcing or
1590 Suaks. Mids. N. ui. ii. 364 |
|
|
74
presaging death ; (4) astorm or wind of destructive | the lang drawn “death-sough ?
or deadly character ; death-cord, the rope used for
hanging, the gallows-rope; death-dance, a dance
at or in connexion with death ; the Dance of Death ;
death-doing a., doing to death, killing, murderous
(see also DEAD-DOING); death-drake (Angling),
a kind of artificial fly (see DRAKE); death-duty,
a duty levied on the devolution of property in con-
psi pres of the owner’s death; legacy, and probate
and succession duties ; + death-evil (dede-, deed-),
a mortal disease; also, the name of a specific
disease (quot. 1559); death-feud, a feud prose-
cuted to the death ; death-flame = DEATH-FIRE I;
death -flurry (Whalefishery), the convulsive
struggles of a dying whale after being harpooned
(see FLurry); also fig.; +death-head = Deatu’s-
HEAD ; + death-ill (Sc. + dede-z//), mortal illness ;
death-mask, a cast of plaster or the like, taken
from a person’s face after death; death-moss (see
quot.); death-moth, the Death’s-head Moth;
death-penalty, the penalty of death, capital
punishment ; death-penny, the obolus placed in
the mouth of a corpse, with which to pay the ferry-
manin Hades; death-pile, a funeral pile; death-
rate, the proportion of the number of deaths to
the population of a country, town, etc., usually
reckoned at so much per thousand per annum ;
death-rattle, a rattling sound in the throat of
a dying person, caused by the partial stoppage of
the air-passage by mucus; death-ring, a finger- |
| art on thy death-bed.
| dreads a death-bed like the meanest slave.
ring constructed to convey poison in shaking hands |
(W. Jones, /inger-rings 1877, 435); death-rope,
a gallows-rope; death-ruckle, -ruttle (Sc.) =
death-rattle; death-sough (.Sc.), ‘the last inspira-
tion of a dying person’ (Jam.); death-tick=
DEATH-WATCH I ; death-trance, a trance in which
the action of the heart, lungs, etc. is so reduced as
to produce the semblance of death (Syd. Soc. Lex.
1882) ; death-trap, applied to any place or struc-
ture which is unhealthy or dangerous without its
being suspected, and is thus a trap for the lives of
the unwary; death-wave (see quots.); death-
weight, a small weight placed on the eyelids of
a corpse to keep them closed.
1860 Chambers’ Encycl. s.v. Adder, A very venomous ser-
pent of New South Wales (Acanthophis tortor) is sometimes
called the *death-adder. 1615 Sir E. Hosy Curry-combe
sg The gracelesse people, who stopped their eares like the
death Adder. 1881 A Cheguered Career 321 ‘The deaf
adder, or death adder, as some people miscall it. 1892 NV. ¥.
Nation 11 Aug. 107/1 A certain fungus called ‘ *death-
baby’ .. fabled to foretell death in the family. 1849 Rock
Ch. of Fathers U1. 383 note, Abp. Lanfranc .. allotted the
office of drawing up and sending off these *death-bills to
the precentor. 1820 Scotr A 4éot xxxviii, A bugle sounded
loudly..‘It is the *death-blast to Queen Mary's royalty’,
said Ambrosius. 1 tr. Comte de Paris’ Hist. Civ.
War Amer. 1. 456 The storm which in consequence of
its periodical return in the beginning of November,
sailors call the death-blast. 1820 St. Kathleen IV. 23
(Jam.) She had for three nights successively seen a *death-
candle flitting..along the cliffs. ax85x JoaNNA Baitur
(Ogilvie), Have I done well to give this sat | vet'ran
-. To the *death-cord, unheard? 1865-8 F. Parkman
France & Eng. in Amer. (1880) 275 The ghostly “death-
dance of the breakers. a1652 Brome New Acad. 1. Wks.
1873 II. 9 Here’s the *death-doing point. 1795 SouTHEY
Foan of Arc vil. 362 That death-doing foe. 1799 G. Smitn
Laboratory 11. 298 (Anglin, 1] *Death-drake..taken chiefly
in an evening, when the May-fly is almost gone. 1881
Gtapstont in Daily News 5 Apr. 2/6 My attention has
been turned to a much larger subject—the subject of "death
duties. ¢1 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 32 Sipen at
Gloucestre *dede euelle him toke. 1559 MorwynG Avonyy.
256 Angry plage such as in some mens legges the late
wrytars call the deed evill. 1820 Scort A déot xi, They have
threatened a *death-feud if any one touches us. 1813 Hose
ucen's Wake 65 That fays and spectres. . spread the *death-
lame on the wold. 1860 Gen. P. Tuompson Andi Alt. 111,
ci. 2 The convulsive effort, —‘ *death-flurry' as the whalers
call it,—which is taking place in America on the subject of
fe he’ 5 a Co Wes ey Wks. (1872) V. 287 They are mere
*death-l ; they kill innocent mirth. 185 Loner. Gold.
Leg. w. Refectory, None of your death-heads carved in
wood. ay = typi Cron. vu, X. 230 In-til hys *Dede-ill
quhen he 2 Durnam £2, Commander. To Rdr,
1b (Jam.) The death-ill of a natural unrenewed man. 1822
Gatr Steam-boat 292 (Jam.) Na, na! There’s nae dead-ill
about Loui, 1877 Dowpen Shaks. Primer ii. 29 There
exists a *death-mask..which bears the date 1616 and which
may be the — cast from the dead poet's face. 18:
Miss Parpor Desert 1. 247 On many .. veneral
pines hung wreaths of the greyish-coloured, silken parasite
which is called in ‘wood-craft’ the *death-moss. a 18a
Keats Ode to Melancholy 6 Nor \et the beetle, nor the
*death-moth be Your mournful Psyche, 1875 E. Wire Life
in Christ u. xiv. (1878) 155 The a the law
of Moses. nyte Metvitte Gladiators IIL. 2
Scatter a handful of dust over my forehead, and lay
*“death-penny on my Sengue. 185t Mrs. Browninc Casa
Guidi Windows u. 76 Had all the *death piles of the ancient
ears Flared up in vain before me? Soc. Se. Rev. 68
The “death rates in the army had been reduced. .
measures, B. Stewart Conserv. Force i. x
rate..varies with the temperature, 1829 Lytron Devereux
vi. iv, His li rest wildly—I heard the *death-rattle.
1815 Scorr , xxvii, That was the *death-ruckle—he’s
1820 Blackw. Mag. Sept. 652 (Jam.) Heard nae ye
DEATHFUL.
x Nocawet the “ihak.
in S.C. 207 In the huge beams or woodwork, the * \-
tick is sure to be in the dae ee
Browne Paracelsus v. 128 This murky, loathsome * -
this slaughter-house. 1889 Spectator i Des 830 If...
the Board schools are death-traps. 1848 C. —
at Lizard 103 About one in every nine is more a
than the rest: this the fishermen call ‘the *death wave’.
1886 J.Mitne Zarthguakes171 Phenomena. .on the Wexford
coast. . popularly known as ‘death waves’, probably in con-
sequence of the lives which have been lost by these sudden
inundations. Mrs. Browninc Poet's Vow v. iv-v,
They laid the *death-weights on mine eyes.
Death a., var. of Dear a. in some MSS., and in
mod. dial. See also death-adder in DEATH 19.
a1soo Metr. Life St. Kath. 436 There is made hole dethe
and dombe. 1574 Hettowes Gueuara’s Fam. Ep. 116 As
he was death, and most dunch, I cried out more in speaking
unto him, than I do use in ing. 1875 Sussex Gloss.,
Death, deaf .. ‘afflicted with deathness’
So Death v.=DxaF 2. to deafen.
1440 York Myst. xxxi. 186 Lo! sirs, he dethis vs with
dynne !
Death-bed (de-pbed). Also 5-6 ded-, dead. ;
6 death’s bed. The bed on which a person dies;
the bed of death. (In OE. the grave.)
Beowulf 5795 Nu is ..dryhten Geata, dead-bedde fest.
c 1400 Gamelyn 24 On his deep bed to a-bide Goddes wille.
a1g00 Childe yy Drisiows 100 in Hazl. £. P. P. 1. 15 On
y. 2
his ded bed he Coverpae Sfir. Perle xii, By him
that lieth on his dead-bed. Maptet Gr. Forest
When as he. . la his deathes bed. 1 Saks. Oth.
v. ii. 51 Sweet ie, take heed, take heed of Periury, ‘Thou
Pore Ep. Cobham 116 He
1874 Stupss
Const. Hist. (1875) 1. vii. 201 Canute’s division of his
dominions on his-death-bed.
b. attri.
1691-8 Norris Pract. Disc. (1707) 1V. 185 Such a Death-
bed charity is too near akin to a Death-bed repentance, to
be much valued. 1816 Scott Zales of Landlord Introd.,
To answer funeral and deathbed expenses.
Death-bell (depbel). Also dead-bell (Sc.
| deid-bell).
1. A bell tolled at the death of a person ; a pass-
| ing-bell.
1781 C. J. Firecpinc Brothers, The Village death-bell's
distant sound. 1784 Cowrrr 7ask u. 51 A world that seems
To toll the death-bell of its own decease. -~ E. Peacock
in Cath. Household 5 Jan. 13/3 The custom of ringing the
death-bell at night.
8. a1740 Barbara Allan viii. in Child Ballads (1886) 1v.
277/2 She heard the dead-bell ringing. 18.. Wurrtter
Cry of Lost Soul iv, The guide, as if he heard a dead-bell
toll, Starts.
2. A sound in the ears like that of a bell, sup-
posed by the superstitious to portend a death.
1807 Hocc Mountain Bard 17 (Jam.) O lady, tis dark, an’
I heard the death-bell, An’ darena gae for gowd nor fee.
Dea‘th-bird. A bird that feeds on dead bodies ;
a carrion-feeding bird; a bird su to bode
death ; a popular name of a small North American
owl, Myctala Richardsoni.
182r SHELtey Prometh, Und, 1.340. 1822 — Hellas 1025
The death-birds descend to their feast. T. Taytor
Ballads of Brittany (1865) 93 Sudden I the death-
bird’s cry.
Dea‘th-blow. A blow that causes death.
1795 Soutney Yoan of Arc vu. 135 For the death-blow
prepared. ¢18r3 Mrs. Suerwoop Stories Ch. Catech. xiv.
118 It was her death-blow—down she and never
spoke after. 1876 Bancrorr Hist. U. S. Il. xxxii. 302
ever to receive the death-blow but with joy.
Jig. 1811 Byron Lines written beneath Picture, The death-
blow of my Hope. 1838 Tuirtwatt Greece V. 103 That
event..was generally considered as a death-blow to the
Spartan power,
Dea : Forms: see DeaTH; also
aefter deothdaege doemid uucorthae. 1362
P. Pi. Avi. 104 Hennes to pi dep day do so no more. 1389
in Eng. Gilds 121 At pe o of a :
to . € '. Cuthbert I
deal tag tes Fe. f ax649 Drumm. or yaion d
Cypress Grove Wks. (1711) 124 The death-day of thy voy
is thy birth-day to eternity. 1882 J. Parker Afost, Life
I.15 cur deatldisy aaed wot come upon you as 8 surpslan
2. The is t
Keeping
ay.
. Onl. xevii.
iMesehiy Mag: KLIV. a9 ‘The 7th of November was kept
eB <a e ovember was kept
a0 Sulgimaedibvecse by Lorenz dei Medici: ante birts-
day and death-day of Plato. 1855 Tuackeray Mewcomes
IL. 332 The death-day of the founder. .is still kept.
Dea'th
1, A luminous appearance supposed to be seen
over a dead body, etc.: = DEAD-LIGHT 3.
1796 CoLertpce Ode ing Year, Mighty armies of
the » Dance like death-fires round her tomb. 1818
Snetiey Rev. /slam x1. xii, From the choked well, whence
a bright death-fire sprung.
2. A fire for burning a person to death.
1857 T. FLanaGan Hist. R.C.Church Eng. I. 81 A large
wooden statue of the blessed Virgin was +. to make
the death-fi:
re.
Deathful (de'pfil), a. -FUL.]
1. Full of death ; Daa ee death ; mortal,
fatal, destructive, dead
ly.
a in Cott. his deadful
and’ bis elle woos Fo let Arcadia (x6as} 304
Ta
DEATH-HUNTER.
Manie deathfull torments.
1617 Cotiins Def. BA. Ely i.
ix. 362 As Homer saies of the champions“n their deathfull
combat. 1621 G. Sanpys Ovia’s Met. u. (1626) 23 The
deathfull Scorpion’s far-out-bending clawes. 1742 CoLiins
Ode to Mercy 7 Amidst the deathful field. 1850 Buackir
Eschylus 1, 154 The man, that dealt the deathful blow.
3878 Bayne Purit. Rev. viii. 340 Man under sinful and
deathful conditions.
2. Subject to death, mortal. arch. rare.
1616 Cuarman Homer's Hymn to Venus (N.), That with
a deathless goddess lay A deathful man. 1887 Morris
Odyss. 11. 3 Unto deathful men on the corn-kind earth that
dwell.
3. Having the appearance of death, deathly.
1656 [see DeatHFuLNeEss]. 1803 JANE Porter Thaddeus
viii. (1831) 74 The deathful hue of his countenance. 1850
Mrs. Brownine Vision of Poets xcii, Deathful their faces
were. 1881 W. Witkins Songs of Study 97 Her .. white
body spotted o’er With deathful green.
Hence Dea‘thfully adv., Dea‘thfulness.
1809 CampBeLL Gertr. Wyom. 1. xvi, Deathfully their
thunders seem'd to sweep. 1810 Scott Lady of L. tv. xxv,
She was bleeding deathfully. 1656 Artif Handsom. 70
To adorn our lookes, so as may be most remote from
a deathfulnesse. @ 1853 Robertson Lect. i. (1858) 116 There
is nothing to break the deep deathfulness of the scene.
Dea‘th-hu:nter. s/ang. One who furnishes
a newspaper with reports of deaths (0ds.) ; a vendor
of dying speeches or confessions (ods.) ; an under-
taker; see also quot. 1816.
1738 (tit/e in Farmer), Ramble through London, containing
observations on Beggars, Pedlars .. Death Hunters [etc.].
1776 Foore Capuchin u. Wks. 1799 II. 391 When you were
the doer of the Scandalous Chronicle, was not I death-hunter
to the very same paper? 1816 C. James M7lit. Dict. (ed. 4)
377/2 Death Hunters, followers of an army, who, after the
engagement, look for dead bodies, in order to strip them.
1851 MayHew Loud. Lab. I, 228 (Farmer) The ‘running
atterers’, or death-hunters, being men engaged in vending
ast dying speeches and confessions.
Deathify (de:pifai), v. 2once-wd. (See quot.)
a@ 1834 CoLeripcE in Remains (1836) LI. 163 Warburton
would scarcely have made so deep a plunge into the bathetic
as to have deathified ‘ sparrow’ into ‘spare me !”
Deathiness (de'pinés). rave. [f. DEaruy a.
+-NESS.] The state or quality of being ‘deathy’.
180r SoutHEy 7/alaba v. (D.), It burns clear; but with
the air around Its dead ingredients mingle deathiness. 1843
Sara Coerince in JZemz. (1873) 1.275 The recumbent figure
. -logks deathy with too real and actual a deathiness.
Deathless (de'plés), z. [See -LESS.]
1. Not subject to death; immortal.
1598 SytvesteR Du Bartas u.i. Eden 741 Should (like
our death-less Soule) have never dy’d. 1648 BoyLe Seraph.
Love iii, (1700) 19 Though Angels and humane Souls be
Deathless. 1790 Cowper Odyssey iv. 582 The deathless
tenants of the skies. 31871 Tytor Prim. Cult. 1. 425 The
faith that animals have immaterial and deathless souls.
2. fig. Of things.
1646 Crasuaw Sosfet. d’Her. iii, The dew of life, whose
deathless spring Nor Syrian flame, nor Borean frost de-
flow’rs. 1667 Mitton P. ZL. x. 775 Deathless pain. 1867
Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) I. vi. 408 The deathless name
of Godwine.
Hence Dea‘thlessly adv., Dea'thlessness.
1682 H. More Annot. Glanvill’s Lux O.94 The death-
lessness of the Soul. 1865 G. Merepitn Rhoda Fleming
xvi. (1889) 119 Our deathlessness is in what we do, not in
what we are. 1850 Mrs. Browninc Vision of Poets cxi,
His brown bees hummed deathlessly.
Dea‘th-light.
1. =Deap-.icut 3, DEATH-FIRE 1.
1823 Joanna Bair Collect. Poems 105 A death-light
that hovers o'er Liberty’s grave.
2. A light burning in a death-chamber.
1871 CarLyLe in Mrs. Carlyle's Lett. 1. 146 The two
candles. .reserved..to be her own death-lights.
Deathlike (de‘pleik), a. [f. Drarn + -LIKE;
formed after the OE. déap-lic had become deathly.]
+1. Deadly, fatal, mortal; =DEaTHLy 2. Obs.
1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par. Yohn 77, The sickenes
was not deathlyke. 1608 SHaxs. Per. 1. i. 29 Death-like
dragons here affright thee hard. 1621 Lapy Mary Wrotu
Urania 418 Most cruell, and the death-lik’st kind of ill.
2. Resembling death.
1605 Sytvester Dx Bartas u. iii. Vocation 616 A deep
and death-like Letharge. 1795 Sourney Yoan of Arciv.
435 A death-like paleness. 1856 StanLey Sinai § Pad. i.
(1858) 14 The deathlike silence of a region where the fall
of waters. .is unknown.
Dea‘thliness. [f. Duaruty a. +-Nxss.] The
quality of being deathly; resemblance to death.
1841 Lyrron Vt. § Morn. (1851) 349 The utter, total
Deathliness in Life of Simon. 1862 Mrs. Stowe Agnes of
Sorrento xviii. 215 The utter deathliness of the scene.
Deathling (deplin). vare. [See -Line.]
1. One subject to death, a mortal. Also a/tvib.
1598 Sytvester Du Bartas u. i. Imposture 374 Alas fond
death-lings ! 1839 Battey Festus xiv. (1848) 151 Deathlings !
on earth drink, laugh and love! 1886 Way tr. Z/ad xu,
Zeus..Who over the deathling race and the deathless beareth
sway.
2. £/. Young Deaths, the offspring of Death per-
sonified. (sovce-2se.)
1730 Swirt Poems, Death & Daphne, His realm had need
‘That Death should geta snndcoasorest ; Young deathlings.
+8. Gogs deathlings: ‘by God’s death’, an oath.
_ I6rr Corer., Mordienne, Gogs deathlings ; a foolish oath
in Rabfelais].
Dea (depli), a.
Forms: 1-2 déaplic, 2
deadlich, deplich, 6 deathlie, -lye, 6- deathly.
75
[OE. déaplic = OHG. todlih: f. Data + -Ly1;
cf, DEADLY. ]
+1. Subject to death, mortal. Oés.
971 Blickt. Hom. 21 Bid ponne undeaplic, peah he «xr
deablic were. a1175 Cott. Hont. 221 Pu wurst deadlic, 3ef
pu pes trowes westm 3éétst. c12z00 72x. Coll. Hom. 9 Mid
ure deadliche liue.
2. Causing death, deadly.
e1175 Lamb. Hom. 75 Debliche atter. 1548 UDALL, etc.
Erasm. Par, 2 Cor. ii. (R.), Vnholsome and deathlye to
such as refuse it, 1555 Cohkabitacyon of Faithfull 19 ‘The
byting of deathlie serpentes. 1568T. HoweLt Newe Sonnets
(1879) 119 When deathly seas compels weake hart to quaile.
1862 Trottore North Amer. 1. 263 That deathly flow of
hot air coming up. .from the neighbouring infernal regions.
1885 W. pe Gray Bircu Life K. Harold v. 135 His wounds,
many and deathly.
8. Of the nature of or resembling death, death-
like; gloomy, pale, etc. as death.
1568 T. Howett Ard. Amitie (1879) 69 The deathly day
in dole I passe. 1852 Mrs. Carty.e Left. II. 204 She,
poor thing, looking deathly. 1865-8 F. Parkman France
& Eng. in Amer, (1880) 57 A deathly stillness.
4. Of or pertaining to death. foetdcal.
1850 Mrs, Browninc Sou/'s Trav. 176 That deathly odour
which the clay Leaves on its deathlessness alway. 1878
BrowninG La Saisiaz 65 As soul is quenchless by the
deathly mists.
Dea‘thly, adv. In 2 deabliche.
and -ty2. Cf. DEADLY adv. 1, 3, 4.]
+1. In a way causing or tending to death. Ods.
az240 Lofsong in Cott. Hon.211 Herpurh ich deie pet
spec er of swuche pinge and deadliche sunegi.
2. To a degree resembling death.
1817 CoLeRIDGE Biog. Lit. (1847) I. 185 Here and thus I
lay, my face..deathly pale. 1884. F. Wootson in Harfer's
Mag. Jan. 197/1 It was ‘deathly cold’ in these ‘stony lanes’.
+ Death’s-face. Ols—} =Drarn’s-HEAD 1.
1623 Suaks. L. L. L. v. ii. 616 A deaths face in a ring.
Death’s-head (de‘psjhed). [See DEATH 1 c.]
1. The head of Death figured as a skeleton ;
a human skull; a figure or representation of a
skull, esp. as an emblem of mortality.
1596 Suaxs. Merch. l’.1. ii. 55, 1 had rather to be married
to a deaths head with a bone in his mouth. 1597 — 2 Hew.
/V, 1. iv. 255 Doe not speake like a Deaths-head: doe not
bid me remember mine end. 1684 Lond. Gaz. No. 1987/4
Several Jewels and Rings, one of which was Enamelled with
a Deaths-head. 1768-74 Tucker Lt, Nat. (1852) II. 659
Hermits and holy men are described sighing over death’s
heads, sobbing and groaning at their being men and not
angels. 1822 Scott Pirate xl, The old black flag, with the
death's head and hour-glass. 1864 THackeray D. Duvadii,
His appearance. .was as cheerful as a death’s head at a feast.
Jig. 1641 May Old Couple mi. ii. (1810), As the two old
death’s-heads to-morrow morning Are to be join’d together.
tb, A ring with the figure of a skull. Ods.
(About 1600 commonly worn by procuresses.)
1605 Marston Dutch Courtesan 1. ii, Their wickednesse
is always before their eyes, and a deathes-head most com-
monly on their middle finger. 1607 Dekker Northward
Hoe wv. Wks. 1873 III. 50 As if I were a bawd, no ring
pleases me but a death’s head. 1670 Devout Commun.
(1688) 8 Shall not I wear thy ring, who am so ready to
eae to preserve alive the memorial of a dead
rien
[See prec.
|
2. A name given to a South American species of |
squirrel-monkey, Chrysothrix sciureus, from the
appearance of its face and features.
3. attrib. Death’s-head Moth, a large species
of hawk-moth (Acherontza atropos), having mark-
ings on the back of the thorax resembling the figure
of a skull.
1781 Barut Genera Insect. 179 Death's-head moth. .\t has
a grey irregular spot upon which are two black dots which
very plainly represent a death’s head, whence this insect
takes its name. 1816 Kirpy & Sp. Entomol. (1843) Il. 414
‘The bees..protected themselves from the attacks of the
death’s head moth .. by closing the entrance of the hive.
1879 Luspock Sez. Lect. ii. 50 The Death’s head hawk-moth
caterpillar feeds on the potato.
+Dea‘th’s-herb. O2s. Deadly Nightshade.
1607 TorseLL Four-f, Beasts (1673) Dwall or Night-
shade, which is also called Deaths eee .
Dea‘th-sick, «. [DeatH 18d.] Sick unto
death, mortally sick or ill. So Dea‘th-si:ckness,
‘mortal illness.
1628 Be. Hatt Quo Vadis? § 19 Apparitions .. wherewith
some of our death-sick gentlemen..haue bin frighted into
catholickes. 1661 Petit. E. Chaloner in 7th Rep. Hist.
MSS. Commission 147 During his imprisonment .. he took
his death sickness. 1846 Mannine Sev. (1848) IL. ii. 33
After the partial cure of a death-sickness,
Deathsman (de:psmén). avch. A man who
puts another to death; an executioner.
1589 GREENE Menaphon (Arb.) 90 Democles commanded
the deathsman to doo his deuoyre. 1605 SHaxs. Lear iv.
vi. 263, I_am onely sorry He had no other Deathsman.
a 1632 T. Taytor God's Fudgem. u. vii. (1642) 104 Loath to
have any other deaths-man but himselfe, he was found
slaine by his owne hand. 1813 Scorr Rokeby v1. xxxii, The
very deaths-men paused to hear.
+ Dea‘th’s-ring. Oés. A death’s-head ring.
1649 Br. Hatt Cases Conse. 1. vii. (1654) 360 The old
posie of the deaths-ring.
Dea‘th-struck, z. Also Death-stricken,
+-strucken. Smitten with death, z.e. with a mortal
wound or disease.
1622 J. Reynotps God’s Revenge u. vii. 83 They see her
death-strooken with that Plannet, and therefore adiudge
DEATH-WORTHY.
their skill but vaine. 1653 H. More Antid. Ath. u1. ii.
(heading), A strange Example of one Death-strucken as he
walked the Streets. 1688 Norris Love 1. iii. 25 When all
his Rational Facultys are as ’twere benumm’d and death-
struck. 1812 Byron Ch. Har. 1. |xxvii, Tho’ death-struck,
still his feeble frame he rears. 1855 Rosinson Whitby
Gloss., Death-strucken, smitten with death, 1887 A. Jessorr
in Dict. Nat. Biog. UX. 402/2 It is only when he [Cecil] is
death-stricken..that we find the curtain raised.
Death-throe. Forms: a. 4 dep prowe, 6
Se, deitht thrau, 7-9 death-throe; 8. Sc. and
north. dial. 4 ded thrau, dede prawe, 6 dede-,
deid-thraw, 7 dead-throe, g dead-thraw,
-throw. [f. DearH + THROoE; most frequent in
the northern form dede-thraw, mod.Sc. detd-thraw.]
The agony of death, the death-struggle ; also fig.
€ 1308 St. Christopher 192 in E. E. P. (1862) 64 pat hire dep
prowes were stronge. 1549 Compl. Scot. xiv. 121 Darius vas
in the agonya and deitht thrau. 1849 Ropertson Serve.
Ser. 1. xil. (1866) 210 The death-throes of Rome were long
and terrible.
B. «1300 Cursor A, 26659 (Cott.) Quen ded thraus smites
smert. 1535 STEWART Crox. Scot. III. 119 Sum in the deid-
thraw la walterand in swoun. 1597 Mon1Gomerie Cherrie
& Slae 286 Like to an fische fast in the net, In deid-thraw
vndeceist. 1645 RutrHerrorp 7vyal §& Trt. Faith (1845)
279 In the dead-throe. 1815 Scott Guy AZ. ix, Ye maun
come hame, sir,—for my lady’s in the dead-thraw. 1826
E. Irvine Babylon I. 1. 144 While it is the dead-throw,
the last gasp and termination of life to the Papal Beast.
b. fig. (Sc.) 1808 Jamieson s.v., Meat is said to be in the
deadthraw, when it is neither cold nor hot. 1822 Hoca
Perils Man 111. 116 (Jam.) One of those .. winter days ..
when the weather is what the shepherds call in the dead-
thraw, that is, in a struggle between frost and thaw.
Deathward (depw:1d), adv. Forms: see
DeatH. [See -warp.] In the direction of death,
towards death. a. orig. Zo (one’s) deathward=
towards one’s death.
1430 Lypc. Bochas 1, ix. (1544) 18 b, Kind [= Nature] to
his deathward..doth him dispose. ¢1440 Gesta Row. xlvii.
202 (Harl. MS.), I sawe him go to debeward. ¢1530 Lp.
BERNERS Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 129 Ye shall not go to
your dethward. 1876 Swinpurne Lvechth. 705 And wash
to deathward down one flood of doom.
B. 1340 Hampoce /’7. Cousc. 807 When he drawes to ded-
ward, ¢ 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxi. 96 When baire frendez
drawez to be deed ward.
b. without Zo.
1844 Mrs. BrowninG Poems, Lady Gervaldine’s Courtship
Concl. ix, So.. Would my heart and life flow onward, death-
ward. 1887 Swinsurne Locrine iv. i. 77 Our senses sink
From dream to dream down deathward.
Dea'thwards, adv. (adj...
= prec.
1839 BaiLey Festus v. (1848) 12/1 All mortal natures fall
Deathwards. 1880 R. H. Hutton in /raser’s AJag. May
665 The ‘life-wards’ or ‘death-wards’ tendency of our
actions.
Dea‘th-wa:rrant. Also 7-8 dead-. A wat-
rant for the execution of the sentence of death.
1692 Lutrreve Brief Kel. (1857) 11. 644 Vhe dead warrant
is come to the sheriffe of London for the execution of 13 of the
late condemned criminally. 1757 SymMmer in Ellis Orig.
Lett. u. LV. 398 The Lords of the Admiralty. .signed the
Dead Warrant appointing him to be shot. 1886 C. BuLtock
Queen's Resolve 51/1 Before Parliament relieved her of the
necessity, she [Queen Victoria] had to sign the death-warrant
of all prisoners sentenced to suffer capital punishment.
Jig. 1814 Scott Life of Swift Swift's Wks. (1824) I. 250 It
was her death-warrant. She sunk at once under the dis-
appointment. 1874 Morey Compromise (1886) 232 An
institution whose death-warrant you pretend to be signing.
Death-watch (dep,wot/). Also 8 dead-.
1. The popular name of various insects which
make a noise like the ticking of a watch, supposed
by the ignorant and superstitious to portend death ;
esp. the small beetles of the genus 4zobzum, which
bore in old wood, and a minute neuropterous insect
Atropos pulsatorius, known as destructive to bo-
tanical and entomological collections.
1668 WiLkins Real Char. i. v. § 2. 127 Sheathed Winged
Insects. . That of a long slender body, frequent about houses,
making a noise like the minute of a Watch.. Death Watch.
1joo Astry tr. Saavedra-Faxardo 11. 385 The Death-watch
Spiders spread their curious Hair. 1762 Gotpsm. Cit. W.
xc, I listened for death-watches in the wainscot. 1828 STARK
Elem. Nat. Hist. 11. 272 Both sexes, in the season of love,
have the habit of calling one another by striking rapidly
with their mandibles on the wood .. This noise, similar to
the accelerated beating of a watch, has occasioned .. the
vulgar name of Death-watch. 1881 Besant & Rice Chai.
of Fleet \. 294 Last night I heard the death-watch. i
comb. 1710 E. Warp Brit. Hud. 60 Thy Melancholy Tick,
That sounds, alas, so Death-watch like.
2. A watch or vigil by the dead or dying.
Dea‘th-worm.
+1. =DeatH-watcH 1. Obs.
1773 Gentl. Mag. XLIII. 195 No ticking death-worm told
a fancied doom.
2. poet. A ‘worm of death’.
82x SHELLEY Prometh. Unb. u. i. 16 How like death-
worms the wingless moments crawl! 1850 Mrs. BrowninG
Romaunt of Margret xxiv, Behold, the death-worm to his
heart Is a nearer thing than thou.
Dea‘th-worthy, 2. Also 4 ded-. Worthy
or deserving of death.
@ 1300 Cursor M. 11967 (Cott.) Quat has it don pis bodi,
ded worbei to be? 1532 More Confut. Barnes vi. Wks.
780/2 He was death worthy yt wythdrewe from god the
mony which himself had giuen to god. 1593 Suaxs. Lucr.
635 This guilt would seem death-worthie in thy brother.
10*-2
[See -warps.]
DEATH-WOUND.
1882 H. St. Crain Femwpen Short Const. Hist. Eng. iv. 157
One [of Alfred’s laws] makes treason deathworthy.
Dea'th-wound. Forms: see Dzatn; for-
merly also 8. dedes-, death’s-. A wound causing
death, a mortal wound. .
¢1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 3490 Smiteb wib swerdes & speres
..and 3if hem deb wounde. ¢ 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon
xxvi. 562 He madehim a grete wounde but no deed wounde.
1793 Lv. AuckLAnp Corr. (1862) III. 122 Jacobinism is ..
more likely to receive its death-wound in the South of France
than in Flanders. 1867 Smyru Sailor's Word-bk., Death-
wound, a law term for the starting of a butt end, or spring-
ing a fatal leak. 1879 Farrar St. Paul (1883) 3 The
dealer of the death-wound to the spirit of Pharisaism was
a Pharisee. y :
B. 13.. Cursor M. 7592 (Gott.) Mani fledd wid dedes
wenud, [v.r. debes wounde]. 1489 Caxton Chron. Eng.
cexliii. 290 There he caught deths wounde. 1536 BELLEN-
DEN Cron. Scot. (1821) II. 465 Ane deidis wound in his heid.
1667 Mitton P. L. 111. 252 Death his deaths wound shall
then receive. 1763 Scrarton /ndostan (1770) 43 Mustapha
Caun..received his death's wound from an arrow.
Deathy (depi), 2. and adv. [f. DeatH +-y.]
A. adj. Of the nature or character of death; =
DEATHLY a. 3, 4.
801 [cf. Deatuiness]. 1820 SHeLtey Witch Atl. Ixx,
A mimic day within that deathy nook. 1825 SoutHey Jade
of Paraguay iv. 38 A deathy paleness settled in its stead.
1826 Blackw. Mag. XX. 665 The Raven dislikes all animal
food that has not a deathy smack.
B. as adv. To a degree resembling death; =
DEATHLY adv. 2.
1796 Soutney Ballads, Donica xx, Her cheeks were
deathy white and wan. 1811 SHELLEY Moonbeam ii. 1 Now
all is deathy still.
+ Deawrate, c. Olds. [ad. L. deaurdt-us, pa.
pple. of deaurare (late L.) to gild over, f. Dr- I. 3
+ aurare to gild, f. aurum gold.] Gilded, golden.
c1430 Lypc. Compd. Bl. Knt. \xxxvi, And whyle the twy-
lyght and the rowes rede Of Phebus lyght were deaurat
a lyte. cxgro Barcray Mirr. Gd. Manners (1570) B iij,
The tree of this science with braunches deaurate. 1599
Nasue Lenten Stuffe (1871) 57 Of so eye-bewitching
a deaurate ruddy dye is the skin-coat of this landgrave.
1616 Buttokar, Deaurate, guilded, glistering like gold.
Deaurate (d7\9:re't), v. ? Obs. [f. L. deaurat.,
ppl. stem of deaurdre to gild: see prec.) ‘rans.
To gild over. Hence Deaurated £#/. a.
1562 Butteyvn Bk. Simples 95a, Golde is holsome to
deaurate or gilde singes. 1603 H. Crosse Vertues
Cowmsmnw. (1878) 54 To.. deaurate and guild ouer his spottes
and sores with the tincture and dye of holynesse. 1656
Buount Glossogr., Deaurate, to gild or lay over with gold
[also in Battey (folio) and JouNson]. 1818 J. Brown
76
Hence Dea‘veliness.
161x Cotcr., Solitude..lonelinesse .. want of companie,
deauelinesse. Silence, a deauelinesse, or solitarinesse.
Deavour, var. of Dever, Drvorr.
Deaw, -y, obs. forms of Dew, Dewy.
+ De-awa‘rren, v. Obs: rare. [f. WARREN: cf.
sg pe | = DISWARREN.
1727 W. Netson Laws conc. Game (1736) 32 Deawar-
rened, is when a Warren is diswarrened, or ¢ up
in Common.
+ Deba‘cchate, v. Ods. rare. [ad. L. d%bac-
chari, f. Bacchus: see Dr- I, 3.] To rage or rave
asa bacchanal. Hence +Debaccha'tion.
Cockeram, Dedacchate, to reuile one after the man-
ner of drunkards. 1 Prynneé Histrio-M. 1. vi. xii. (R.),
Who defile their holiday with. .most wicked debacchations,
and sacrilegious execrations. 1727 Bawey vol. II, Dedac-
chation, a raging or madness. ae in Bp. Lavington
Enthus. Method. & Papists (1754) U1. 93 Then falling into
a Fit of Rage, Quarrelling, and Debacchation.
Debace, obs. form of DEBASE.
Debacle (d/ba‘k’l). Also débficle. [a. F. dé&
bacle, vbl. sb. from débdcler to unbar, remove a bar,
f. dé-=des- (see Dr- I. 6) + ddcler to bar.]J
1. A breaking up of ice in a river; in Geol. a
sudden deluge or violent rush of water, which breaks
down opposing barriers, and carries before it blocks
of stone and other debris.
1802 Piayrair //lustr. Hutton. Th. 402 Valleys are so
particularly constructed as to carry with them a still
stronger refutation of the existence of a debacle. 1823
W. Buckianp Relig. Diluv. 158 They could have been
transported by no other force than that of a tremendous
| deluge or debacle of water. 1893 Daily Tel. 1 Feb., The
debacle in the United States .. Telegrams state that
the breaking up of the ice is being attended with great
| damage.
Psyche 62 She..to illuminate his pen, A deaurated thought |
inspires, But instantaneously retires.
Hence Deaura‘tion, the action of gilding.
1658 Puitiirs, Deauration, a gilding over. 1706 —
(ed. Kersey), Deauration, a gilding, or laying over with
Gold: Among Apothecaries, the gilding of Pills to prevent
ill Tastes. 1721 in Baitey. 1755 in Jounson; and mod. Dicts.
Deave (div), v. Now Sc. and north. dial.
In 4-6 (9) deve, (
deeve. [OE. déafian in adéafian (f between vowels
=v) to waxdeaf. The trans. type *d/efan, *dyfan
to make deaf, corresp. to Goth. ( ga)daubjan, OHG.,
MHG. foudben, touben, Ger. (be)tauben, does not
appear in OE., and the trans. seems to be an exten-
sion of the intrans. use in ME.: cf. DEAD v.]
+1. intr. To become deaf. Obs. rare.
[c 1050 Gloss. in Wr.-Wiilcker 179/25 Obsurduit adeafede.]
13.. in Pol. Rel, & L. Poems 224 Sige eres shullen dewen,
And his eyen shullen dymmen.
2. trans. Todeafen; to stun or stupefy with noise
(formerly also with a blow); to bewilder, worry,
or confuse, esp. by ‘dinning’ in one’s ears,
1340 Gaw. & Gr. Kut. 1286 dunte pat schulde hym
deue. a@1400 Cov. ha (Shaks. Soc.) 348 Wyttys ben
revid, Erys ben devid. ¢ 1420 Anturs of Arth. xxii, Alle
the Duseperis of Fraunse [are] with your dyn deuyt. ¢ 1470
Henry Wadlace x. 285 Dewyt with speris dynt. 1
Kewnepie Flyting w. Dunbar 360 Thow devis the deuill,
thyne eme, wyth dyn. 1597 Montcomerte Cherrie §& Slae
671 He greuis vs and deues vs With sophistries and schiftis.
1792 Burns Willie's Wife ii, She has.. A clapper tongue
wad deave a miller. 1818 Scorr Hrt. Midi. v, Dinna
deave me wi’ your nonsense. 1845 in Brockett, Deave.
4 Dasent Tales /r. Fyeld 3x It deaved one to hear. 1888
Sheffield Gloss., Deave, to deafen ; to embarrass, to confi
Also in Glossaries of Northumdé., Cumbrid., Lanc., Cheshire,
Cleveland, Whitby.
Hence Deaving /#/. a.
~~ Motnerwe tt in Whistle-Binkie (Sc. Songs) Ser. 1.
45 The deavin’ dinsome toun. 1883 Reape 7% for Tat i.
in Harper's Mag. Jan. 251/2 A new peal of forty church
bells, mounting. . from a muffin man's up to a deaving dome
of bell-metal. .
Deave, obs. inflex. of DEAF a.
Dea'vely, de , a. dial. [The form sug-
gests derivation from Dear (like goodly, sickly,
weakly), and the etymological sense may be ‘where
apaiing is heard, silent’.] Lonely, solitary and
silent.
1611 Cotcr., Desolé, desolate, deavelie, desart. Liewx
destournes. .deauelie habitations, solitarie lodgings. or
Ray N.C. Words 14 Deafely, lonely, solitary, far from
ighb 1855 Whitby’ Gloss., Deeafly or
Deafly, lonely. ‘They live in a far off deeafly spot,’ retired
from all noise, secluded. 1884 Cheshire Gloss., Davely,
Deavely, Deafty, lonely. ‘It’s a davely road.”
(4-5 dewe), 6 Sc. deiv(e, 9 |
2. transf. and fig. A sudden breaking up or
downfall; a confused rush or rout, a stampede.
1848 THAcKeray Van. Fair xxxii, The Brunswickers
were routed and had fled..It was a general débdcle. 1887
Graphic 15 Jan. 59/2 In the nightly d@éddcle [he] is often
content to stand aside. a >
+ Debaid. Sc. Ods. [Arising from mixture of
abaid, ABODE with debate.]_ Delay.
1375 Barsour Bruce x. 222 (Edinb. MS.) Than Bonnok
-.Went on hys way, but mar debaid (Cam, MS. abaid].
Debait, obs. Sc. form of DEBATE.
Debar (dibas), v. In 6-7 debarre. [a. F.
débarrer, in OF. desbarer, to unbar, f. des- (see DE-
I. 6) + darer, barrer, to Bar.]
1. trans. a. To exclude or shut out from a place
or condition; to prevent or prohibit from (entrance,
or from having, attaining, or doing anything).
c1430 Lypc. Flour of Curtesie (R.), Man alone .. Con-
strained is and by statute bound And debarred from all
such pleasaunce. a@1§57 Mrs. M. Basser tr. More's Treat.
Passion Wks. 1394/1 Vtterlye to debarre from heauen all
mankynde for euer. 1586 W. Wesae Eng. Poetrie (Arb.)
39 Poetry is not debarred from any matter, which may be
expressed by penne or speeche. 1624 Capt. Smitu Vir-
ginia v. 195 To debarre true men from comming to them
for trade. 1633 T. Starrorp Pac. Hib. iii. (1821) 243 His
brother John was not debarred 7 the Law from the title.
1775 Jounson Tax. no Tyr. 42 The multitudes, who are
now debarred from voting. 1867 Smites Huguenots Eng.
ix. (1880) 144 The Huguenots were again debarred from
holding public offices.
b. const. of. (Cf. deprive ¢) arch.
1541 Act 33 Hen. VIIT, c. 6 Euery other person .. be
vtterly excluded and debarred of their said suites. 1599
Br. Hatt Sat. v. iii. 49 The thred bare clients pouertie
Debarres th’ atturney of his wonted fee. 1670 Eacnarp
Cont. Sb 34 Shall we debar youth of such an innocent
and harmless recreation? cx Suenstone Zlegies xxii.
41 Tho’ now debarr'd of each domestic tear. 1822 Hazuirr
Tadble-t. Ser. 1. iii. (1869) 75 [To] debar themselves of their
real strength and advantages.
ec. with double object.
¢ 1600 SHAKs. Sonn. xxviii, I. . That am debard the benefit
of rest. 1630 Wapswortn Pilgr. viii. 83 My Pension. .was
debarred me. 1712 Hearne Codlect. (Oxf, trist. Soc.) III.
413 He was afterwards debarr'd the Library. 1754 J. Hu-
prop Miscell. Wks. 11. 209 To debar him the prayers and
: — = = Cox Jnstit. "Pepine’S — - whe
profess the Popish religion or marry are, by the Bil
of Ri debarred the Crown.
+d. with zzfin. Obs.
1600 Hottanp Livy xi. xxv. 11
levie warre upon any confederate allies. Futter CA.
Hist. m. A 3 Bishops. .are..debarred by their Canons to
be Lay-Peers in like cases.
e. with simple object: To shut out, exclude.
1593 T. Watson Tears of Fancie xlix. (Arb.) 203 If shee
debarre it whither shall it go, 160x Hottanp Pliny II.
— That vitall spirit which giveth life vnto all things is
ebarred, and choaked. = More Song of
ot Mars, nor enters
He was. .debarred to
Soud u. 1. m1. xlviii, Venus orb debars
he with knocks and jars.
2. To set a bar or prohibition against (an action,
etc.) ; to prohibit, prevent, forbid, toe.
1526 Sxe.ton Magny/. 61 Somwhat I enferre, Your
consayte to debarre. 1557 N. T. (Genev.) Matt. v. 34 note,
All su uous othes are vtterly debarred. 1597 DrayTon
Mortimeriados 115 Seldome aduantage is in wrongs de-
bard. 1628 T. Spencer Logick 78 Even as the dore when
it is shut, debarres all 1695 W: Nat.
Hist. Earth m1. i. G7 ae ie Egress [would have been]
utterly debarr’d. @ R. W. Hamicton Rew. § 3
viii. (1853) 40r Adherence to such a speculation debars all
Christian fellowship. 1872 Jenkinson Guide Eng. Lakes
| Jan. (1884) 410/1 Three cheers for the ship, answe:
DEBARRATION.
tee) 28 Be Noe bend of che glen. dea low gee eee
passage.
and ga Deba'rred /f/. a., Deba‘rring vil. sb.
+a
1640 O. Sepcwicke Christs Counsell 184 It is of singular
& -.to a debarred person. 1604 Hizron Wes. 1. 503
law for the debarring of young men from the mini 4
1656 Trapp Comm. Matt. vii. 8 The door of the tabernac’
was not of an Sey eaeererreng weatter, bat 5 sane x
W. Srevartr Collect. & Observ. Ch. Scotl. 1. 1. § 14 (1802)
The minister and Session having. .debarred persons from
Lord’s Table .. this doctrinal debarring may fear such
“} Deba re,
+ Debarrb, v. Obs.—° [f. De- Il. 2+L. darda
beard.] ‘ To deprive of his beard’ (J.).
1737 aiLey vol. II, Debarbed, having his beard cut or
pulled off.
Deba'rbarize, v. [Dz- II. 1.] sans. To
divest of its barbarous character, to render not
barbarous. Hence Debarbarization.
1823 De Quy Lett. Education v. (1860) 103 Wherever
law and intellectual order prevail, debarbarize (if | may
be allowed such a coinage) what in its elements might be
bar 1857 — China Wks. 1871 XVI. 241 No Asiatic
state has ever debarbarised itself. . Merepitn
etic ey Te Warman Bae GeaTiL ge oe
ebarbarized. | 1! IsEMAN £ss. (1853) III. 427 To bring. .
the blessing, not of civilization, but of debaxbasteation:
Debarcation, var. of DEBARKATION.
+ Debarre, v. Os. [De- Il. 3.] trans. To
strip down, make quite bare. Hence + Deba‘red
ppl.a. So + Deba're a., intensive of BARE a.
1567 Drant Horace’s Arte of Poetrie Aij, As wooddes
are made debayre of leaues by turnyng of yeare. c1620
T. Rosinson A/, Magd. 223 Next her debared brests bewitch
mine eyes.
barg/(e: see next.
Debark (diba‘1k), v.1 Also 7 debarque, de-
barg(e. [a. F. débarquer, f. dé =des- (see DE- pref.
I. 6) + darque Bark sb., ship. Cf. DisBark. For
debarging (quot. 1692) cf. BARGE.] = DISEMBARK.
a. trans,
1654 H. L’Estrance Chas. J (1655) 69 Untill he had
debarqued all his Horse. Sg Gentl. Mag. 4 The Dutch
debarked 7oo Europeans. 1 K. Jounston Lond. Geog.
gr i refuge at which the slaves captured..were debarked.
. intr.
1694 Luttrett Brief Red. (1857) 111. 349 The forces on
| board are to debarque. 1883 Burron & Cameron 70 Gold
Coast I. iii. 76 A strip of beach upon which I should prefer
to debark.
Hence Debarking vé/. sd. and ffl. a.
1692 Luttret, Brief Rel. (1357) 11. 483 To row the new
debarging vessells to Portsmouth. /dzd. 505 Well boates. .
for debarging soldiers. 1867 GARFIELD in Centu mt:
our
f. De- II. 2 +
‘o strip of its
debarking friends with three more.
Debark (dibask), v.2 rare.
Bark 56.1; cf. D1isBaRrK.] ¢rans.
bark, decorticate. Also fig.
1744-s0 Exiis Mod. Husb. IV. iii. 58 They de-bark their
(hop) | poles, that they may dry sooner. 1791 E. Darwin
Bot. Gard. 1. Notes 114 To debark oak-trees in the spring.
1818 J. Brown Psyche 46 Let us exemplify the matter De-
bark’d of scientific chatter.
Debarkation (dibaikzi:fan). Also debarca-
tion. [f. DEBARK v.1 + -aTI0N.] The action of
pray 3 from a = disembarkation.
nt Vv
1 i. Mag. XXV1. They kept on their guard,
and prevented the intend lebarkation. 1850 MERIVALE
Rom. Emp. (1865) U1. xvii. 248 The construction of the
Roman gall facilities for debarkation.
Lewin ioons Bete, We 86 nual ‘comrovertay has been rai
as to the place of [Czsar’s) debarcation.
Deba'rkment. vave. [f. as prec. +-MENT:
cf. F. débar: : ee
: ix. 1, 1v. xii. (D.), Our tto..
ne tae er = ali
Deba'rment. rare. [f. Depa v. + -MENT.]
The act of debarring or fact of being debarred.
sp. (1677) 231 It may be a cause..
of his debarment. 1709 Kennet Erasmus on Folls ¥ Add
to this. .their deb from all pl 1869 Vcack.
more Lorna D. (1889) 265 Thinking of my sad de ent
from the sight of Lorna.
(d?barins). rare. [f. as prec. +
-ANCE.] The action of debarring ; sfec. the formal
de of unworthy communicants from the
‘able by the ‘fencing of the table’ in
yterian churches: see DEBARRATION,
1861 J. MacFartane Life G. Lawson us. (1862) 81 It is
doubtful if these ‘ debarrances ' (another name for this pecu-
liar service) ever kept away one who had determined to
communicate.
Debarrass (d/be'ris), v. [a. F. débarrass-er,
f. dé- = des- (see De- I. 6) + -barrasser in embar-
rasser to EMBARRASS.] ¢rans. To disembarrass ; to
disencumber from anything that embarrasses.
1789 T. Jerrerson Writ. (1859) III. 97 So as to debarrass
_— pees this. 1792 W. perp 3 Looker-on (1794) I.
390 To debarrass its motions, oO ay S.
. Ld. A 's Corr. (1862) III.
seit the armies of France should rap hy wl
jemies. . Eyre x, 1 debar-
somes “Of ee > Dag 5 eet Cher. Fohustone 165
Jean Carnie, who deba: certain wrappers.
Debarra‘tion. are. [f. Depar v.: see
-ATION.] The action of debarring; =DEBARRANCE,
—e w. satay Worship Ch, Scot. iii, 109 This
ed ho, bon,
DEBARRENT.
address came to be popularly known as the Fencing of the
Table .. its most prominent feature came to be a series of
debarrations beginning thus: ‘I debar from the Table of
the Lord’ such and such a class.
Deba‘rrent. vave—'. [f. Desar v., after de-
terrent, etc.) Anything that debars.
1884 Times 8 Aug. 4/6 The Chinaman generally does not
indulge in beer or wine—a great debarrent being the cost
when delivered from Europe.
Debase (dibé''s), v. Also 6 debace. [Formed
in 16th c, from De- I. 1, 3+ Base v.!: cf. ABASE.]
+1. trans. To lower in position, rank, or dignity ;
to abase. Obs.
1568 Grarton Chron. II. 69 The king hath debased him-
selfe ynough to the Bishop. /éid. II. 75 Debasyng himselfe
with great humilitie and submission before the sayde two
Cardinalles. 1593 SHaxs. Rich. //, 1. iii. 190 Faire Cousin,
you debase your Princely Knee, ‘To make the base Earth
prowd with kissing it. 16r0 Heatey St. Aug. Citie of God
1. xvi. (1620) 121 Brutus debased Collatine and banished
him the city. 1648 Witkins Math. Magick 1. i. 4 The
ancient Philosophers .. refusing to debase the principles of
that noble profession unto Mechanical experiments. 1671
Mitton Samson 999 God sent her to debase me. 1751
Jounson Rambler No. 187 ® 4 A man [in Greenland] will
not debase himself by work, which requires neither skill nor
courage. 1827 PoLtLox Course 7. v, Debased in sackcloth,
and forlorn in tears.
+ 2. To lower in estimation ; to decry, depreciate,
vilify. Obs.
1565 T. STapLeton Fortr. Faith 62 The Manichee..would
so extol grace, and debace the nature of man. 1600 HoLLtanp
Livy 1x. xxxvii. 341 Praising highly. .the Samnites warres,
debasing the Tuscanes. 1704 J. Biair in W. S. Perry //ist.
Coll. Amer. Col, Ch. I. 98, I have heard him often debase
and vilify the Gentlemen of the Council, using to them the
opprob[r]ious names of Rogue, Rascal [etc.]. 1746 HeEr-
vey Medit. (1818) 15 Why should we exalt ourselves or
debase others ?
3. To lower in quality, value, or character ; to
make base, degrade; to adulterate. b. spec. To
lower the value of (coin) by the mixture of alloy
or otherwise ; to depreciate.
1591 SPENSER Tears of Muses, Urania iii, Ignorance ..
That mindes of men borne heavenlie doth debace. 1602
Fucsecke rst Pt. Parall. 54 Or els it may be changed in
the value, as if a Floren, which was worth 4 li to be debased
to 3li. 1606 State Trials, Gt. case of Impositions (R.),
That these staple commodities might not be debased. 1751
Jounson Rambler No. 168 ® 4 Words which convey ideas
of dignity. .arein time debased. 1789 vans. Soc. Encourag.
Arts I. 16 Much of the Zaffre brought to England is mixed
with matters that debase its quality. 1879 Froupe Cesar
xiii. 177 Laws against debasing the coin.
Debased (débéi-st), ps7. a. [f. prec. +-ED 1.]
1. Lowered in estimation (0ds.), in quality, or char-
acter: see the verb.
1594 Hooker £eccl. Pod. u. vii. (1611) 76 This so much
despiced and debased authoritie of man. a@ 1859 MacauLay
Hist, Eng. V.3 A debased currency. 1863 Fr. A. KemB_e
Resid. in one 9 One of a debased and degraded race.
2. Her, Of a charge: Borne upside down; re-
versed. 1864 in WEBSTER.
Hence Deba‘sedness, debased character.
a@1720 W. Duntor in Spurgeon Treas, Dav. Ps. cxix.
59 The folly and danger of sin, the debasedness of its
leasures. 1885 L. OuirHant Symfpueuntata xii, 189 The
fettering debasedness of material cravings.
Debasement (d/béi-smént).
-MENT.]
1. The action or process of debasing; the fact or
state of being debased; lowering, degradation;
concr. anything wherein this is involved.
1602 FuLseckeE 1st Pt. Paral/. 54 If the debasement were
before the day of paiment the debtor may pay the det in the
coin embased. 164: Mitton Reform. u. (1851) 37 The
Primitive Pastors of the Church .. avoiding all worldly
matters as clogs .. and debasements to their high calling.
1776 Ava Smit W, N. 1. xi. (1868) I. 205 The great debase-
ment of the silver coin, by clipping and wearing. 1835 Lytton
Rienzi 1. viii, I weep for the debasement of my country.
+2. Abasement. Odés.
1593, NasHeE Christ's T. (1613) 32 It is debasement and
a punishment to me to inuest and enrobe my selfe in the
dregs and drosse of mortality. @1711 Ken Man. Prayers
Wks, (1838) 388 With what debasement and dread ought
I to eppeas before thy awful presence. 1855 Mirman
Lat. Chr. (1864) 1V. vu. ii, 102 The history of Henry's
debasement.
Debaser (dzb2i-sa1). One who debases.
1611 Cotcr., Addbaisseur, an abaser, debaser .. humbler,
bringer downe of. 1621-31 Laup Serm. (1847) 102 To
punish the debasers of ‘justice’. 1794 Sir W. Jones
Laws of Menu ix. 258 Debasers of metals. 1805 J. Cart-
wriGHT State of Nation x. 53 A debaser of the character of
our nation. 1847 R. E. wHitt Servm. II. 378 The
debasers of baptism. ; t
+ Deba'sh, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [f. Du-I.1, 3+
Basu v.!]_ To abash.
1610 Niccots Exgland’s Eliza Induct. (N.), But sillie I..
Fell prostrate down, debash’d with reverent shame,
Debash, var. of DuBasu Anglo-/nd., interpreter.
Debasing (débétsin), vd/. sd. [-Nc1.] The
action of the verb DEBASE.
1891 Atheneum 3 Oct. 448/1 In the fatal debasing of the
coinage.
Deba‘sing, A//. a. [-1nc?.] That debases.
1775 in AsH, 1837 Hr. Martineau Soc. Amer. III. 191
The misery of a debasing pauperism. 1876 J. H. Newman
Face Sh. I. 1. iv. 198 Mahometanism. .is as debasing. .as it
is false.
[f. as prec. +
77
Hence Deba‘singly adv. pie
1847 in Craic. 1892 Harfer’s Mag. Nov. 946/1 It indi-
cated more ignorance of what is debasingly called Life than
knowledge of it.
+ Deba‘sure. Obs. varve—'. [See-uRE.] De-
basement.
1683 Cave Ecclesiasticé 207 To propound a place that might
look like a debasure and degrading of him.
Debatable (d7bzi'tab’l), a. Also 7-9 debate-
able. [a. OF. debatable (Cotgr.), debattadble, f.
debat(t)-re + -ABLE: med. (Anglo-)L. debatadilis.]
1. Admitting of debate or controversy ; subject to
dispute; questionable.
18x Mutcaster Positions iii. (1887) 11 The difference of
opinion is no proufe at all, that the matter is debatable.
1685 Lond. Gaz. No. 2031/2 A Committee for considering
the debateable Elections. 1817 J. Scotr Paris Revisit.
ses 4) 201 Observations on certain debateable points. 188,
*rouDE Short Stud. 1V. 11. i. 177 Doctrines, which degrade
accepted truths into debatable opinions.
2. esp. Said of land or territory, e.g. on the border
of two countries and claimed by both: applied to
lands on the borders of England and Scotland, esf.
a tract between the Esk and Sark, claimed (before
the Union) by both countries, and the scene of
frequent contests.
[x 53. 1531-2 See Barapie.] 1492 in Rymer /edera X11.
oS ‘erras debatabiles ibidem adjacentes, 1536 BELLENDEN
Cron. Scot. (1821) I, 162 Gret contentioun betwix the Scottis
and Pichtis, for certane debaitabill landis, that lay betwix
thair realmes. 1549 Compd. Scot. viii. 74 Neutral men, lyik
to the ridars that dueillis on the debatabil landis. 1604
(title), A Booke of the survaie of the debatable and border
lands. 1609 Skene Reg. A/a7. 11 Quhither the defender
hes any other land in the towne, quhere the debaitable land
lyes, or nocht. 1777 Nicotson & Burn //ist. IWestin. &
Cumb. 1. p. \xxii, The Debateable Land..became a further
bone of contention between the two snarling parties. ¢ 1800
K. Wuite Lett. (1837) 338 The debateable ground of the
Peloponnesians. 1820 Scorr Addot ii, ‘The Grames who
then inhabited the Debateable Land. 1838 ‘THirLWALL
Greece II, 129 Guarding a debatable frontier.
b. fig. Of regions of thought, etc.
1814 Cuatmers Lwvid. Chr. Revel. i. 31 Christianity is now
looked upon as debateable ground. 1870 Farrar ‘ave.
Sheech iv. (1873) 118 The. .debateable lands of the separate
linguistic kingdoms.
+B. as sb, The Debatable Land (on the border
of England and Scotland: see 2 above) ; also f/.
the residents on this land ‘sometimes debatadllers).
15st Evw. VI Zit. Rem. (Roxb.) II. 389 The lord Max-
well did upon malice to the English debatables overrun
them. /éid. 390 Then shal the Scottis wast their debat-
ablers, and we ours. /6é¢, 407 The commissionars for the
Debatable. 1568 in H. Campbell Love-Lett. Mary Q. Scots
App. (1824) 15 ‘The contraversy yerely arising by occasion
of certain grounds upon the frontiers in the East Marches,
commonly called the ‘ Threap-land’, or ‘ Debatable’.
Debate (dibzit), 54.1 Also 4-5 debaat, 4-6
debat, 5-6 Sc. debait. [ME. debat, a. ¥. debat
(13th c. in Littré) = Pr. dedat, It. dibatto, Romanic
deriv. of the verb: see DEBATE v.1].
1. Strife, contention, dissension, quarrelling,
wrangling; a quarrel. At debate: at strife, at
variance. Ods. or arch.
@ 1300 Cursor M. 9684 (Cott.) Bituix mi sisters es a debat.
I Hamrote Pr. Consc. 3473 To accorde pam pat er at
debate. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer /7iar’s 7. Prol. 24 Ye schold
been heende And curteys..In company we wol haue no
debaat. 1481 Caxton Godfrey clxxix. 263 Whan..alle the
debates [had ben] appeased that were emong them. 1535
CoverDALe Luke xii, 51 Thynke ye that Iam come to brynge
peace vpon earth—I tell you nay but rather debate. 1536
ELLENDEN Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 61 Thus rais ane schameful
debait betwix thir two brethir. 1612 RowLanps Axane of
Harts 24 To.. set good friends and neighbors at debate.
1715 Pore /diad 1. 321 To seal the truce and end the dire
debate. 1882 J. Parker Afost. Life I. 138 The spirit of
debate is opposed to the spirit of love.
comb, c 1440 Promp. Parv. 115 Debate maker, or baratour,
zncentor. A : a
+b. Physical strife, fight, conflict. Ods.
15.. Felon Sowe Rokeby in R. Bell Anc. Poems Peasantry
(1857), Hee wist that there had bin debate. @ 1533 Lp.
Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Rv b, Their debate was
so cruell, that there was slaine v. capitaynes. 1590 SPENSER
FQ. 11.viii. 54 The whole debate, Which that straunge knight
for him sustained had. ;
+e. Zo make debate: to make opposition or
resistance. Ods.
c1350 Will. Palerne 4380 Pe werwolf was ful glad of
Williams speche..And made no more debat in no maner
wice. 1g00-20 Dunsar Freris of Berwik 535 Se this be
done and mak no moir debait. ¢ 1565 Linpesay (Pitscottie)
Chron. Scot. (1728) 10 Or else, if they made no debate,
without consideration and pity would cut their throats.
2. Contention in argument ; dispute, controversy ;
discussion; esf. the discussion of questions of
public interest in Parliament or in any assembly.
1303 Gower Conf. 111.348 Tho was betwene my prest and
me Debate and t perplexete. a1450 Ant, de la Tour
(1868) 21 He is of highe wordes..wherfor y praie you. .that
ee no debate with hym. 1548 Hatt Chron, 188b,
Wherefore the Commons after long debate, determined to
Send the speaker of the Parliament to the kinges highness.
156 T. Norton Calvin's Just. tv. 56 If there happen debate
about any doctrine. 1640 in Rushw. Hist. Co/d. (1692) ut.
I. 58 Thursday next is appointed for the Debate of the New
‘Canons. 1727 Swirt Gulliver ui. iii. 119 After much debate,
they concluded unanimously that [etc.]. 1774 J. Bryant
Mythol. 11. 431 Sor-Apis had another meaning: and this
DEBATE.
was the term in debate. 1855 Macauay Hist. Eng. 1V.155
An account .. which gives a very high notion of his talents
for debate. 1883 Gitmour Mongols xvii. 207 Difficulties ..
welcomed rather as subjects for debate. .
b. (with @ and f/.) A controversy or discussion;
spec. a formal discussion of some questign of public
interest in a legislative or other assembly.
c1ge0 Three Kings Sons 95 Thise debates that were made,
of good wille, and by noon hate. 1648 Dk. Hamitton
in H. Pafers (Camden) 245, I shall not trouble your Lo.
now with the debats. 1709 SrerLe Z2tler No. 17 P1
A full Debate upon Publick Affairs in the Senate. 1880
M:Cartuy Own Times IV. |xii. 391 The debate, which
lasted four nights, was brilliant and impassioned.
+3. Fighting for any one, defence, aid, protection.
Sc. Obs. rare. (Cf. DEBATE v. 3.)
1581 Sat. Poems Reform. xiiii. 61 Quha findis hir [Dame
Fortune's] freindship of fauour hes aneuch.. How far may
Darius bragge of her debait !
+ Deba‘te, 54.2 Obs. [f. DeBatE v.2] Lower-
ing ; depreciation ; degradation.
c1460 Sir R. Ros La Belle Dame 456 in Pol. Rel. & L.
Poems 67 Yf a lady doo soo grete outrage to shewe pyte,
and cause hir owen debate.
Debate (dtbét), v1 Also 4 debat, 6-7 Sc.
debait. [a. OF. debat-re, in Pr. desbatre, debatre,
Sp. debatir, Pg. debater, It. dibattere, f. Romanic
batt-cre to fight (see ABATE, ComBAT), with L.
de-, occasionally replaced in Rom. by des-; the
sense is rather from L. dés-: cf. discuss, dispute.)
+1. zntr. To fight, contend, striye, quarrel,
wrangle. Ods.
€1340 Cursor M. 5913 (Trin.) For he wol pus debate on
me I shal him drenche in be see. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Sir
Thopas 157 His cote-armour .. In which he wold debate.
1490 Caxton //ow to Die 9, I wyll not debate ne stryue
ayenst the, 1530 PatsGr. 508/1, I debate, I stryve..I wyll
nat debate with you for so small a mater. 1590 SpeNSER
fF. Q.u. i. 6 Well could he tourney, and in lists debate.
1665 Mantey Grotinus’ Low C. Warres 592 The Spanish
General .. together with his Officers, debate of the right
thereof against all force.
Sig. 1393 Gower Conf. I]. 300 What shame it is to ben
unkinde, Ayein the which reson debateth. c1600 SHAks.
Sonn. xv, Wastefull time debateth with decay To change
your day of youth to sullied night.
2. dvans. To contest, dispute; to contend or fight
for; to carry on (a fight or quarrel). Ods. or arch.
€1489 Caxton Blanchardyn xxiii. 79, 1 haue debated p®
quarelle ayenst the god of loue. 1597 T. Bearp Theatre
Gods Fudg. (1612) 486 As though they would debate a
privat quarrell before his presence. 1697 Drypen A@neid
(L.), They see the boys and Latian youth Went The martial
prizes on the dusty plain. 1813 Scotr Rokedy 1. xvi, In
many a well debated field. 1838 Prescott Ferd. § /s. (1846)
I. Introd. 11 The cause of religion was debated with the
same ardour in Spain, as on the plains of Palestine.
+3. To fight for, defend, protect; also adsol.
for reff.) to defend oneself. Sc. Obs.
1500-20 Dunbar ovis xxi. 32 Is non so armit in-to plait
That can fra truble him debait. 1536 BELLENDEN Cron.
Scot. (1821) I. 46 The residew .. fled to the montanis; and
debaitit thair miserabill liffis.. with scars and hard fude.
/bid, 1. 60 Exercit in swift running and wersling, to make
thaim the more abill to debait his realme. a@ 1605 Mont-
GomERIE Devotional Poems vi. 64 Vhen prayers, almes-
deids, and tearis..Sall mair availl than jaks and spearis,
For to debait thee. @1605 Potwart Flyting w. Mont-
gomerie 745 Now debate, if thou dow.
4. To dispute about, argue, discuss ; esg. to dis-
cuss a question of public interest in a legislative
or other assembly. (With simple obj. or obj. clause.
¢ 1340 [see 5]. @1439 in Warkworth’s Chron. (Camden)
Notes 60 The wyche comyns, after the mater debatet ..
grawntyt and assentyt to the forseyd premisses. 1489
Caxton Blauchardyn xxviii. 103 This matere.. they sore
debatyd emonge them self by many & dyuerse oppynyons.
1550 CrowLey /xform. § Petit. 2 Most weyghty mattiers
..to be debated..in this present Parliament. 1590 SHaks.
Com. Err, u1. i. 67 In debating which was best, wee shall
part with neither. 1653 Watton Axgler ii. 42 The ques-
tion has been debated among many great Clerks, 1782
PriestLey Corrupt. Chr. 1. 1v. 392 It was debated in the
Greek Church. 1874 Green Short Hist. viii. § 7. 533 The
Lords debated nothing but proposals of peace.
b. zxtr. To engage in discussion or argument ;
esp. in a public assembly. Const. zpon, on, * of
1530 Patscr. 508/1 They have debated upon this mater
these fiftene dayes. 1548 [see Desatinc v6Z. sd.]. 1591
Suaxs. 1 Hen. V/, v.i. 35 Your seuerall suites Haue bin
consider’d and debated on. 1655 Futter Ch. Hist. v. iii.
§ 60 To grant or deny them [Convocations] Commission to
debate of Religion. 1828 D’Israevi Chas. J, I. xi. 307 The
Commons..debated in an open committee on certain parts
of these speeches. 1835 W. IRvING Tour Prairies 183
Beatte..came up while we were debating.
5. trans. To discuss or consider (wth oneself
or in one’s own mind), deliberate upon.
Gaw. § Gr. Kut. 2179 Debetande with hym-self,
quat hit be my3t.. 1530 Pavscr. 508/r, I wyll debate this
mater with my selfe, and take counsayle of my pylowe.
¢1530 H. Ruoves Bk. Nurture 570 in Babees Bh. (1868) 58
Be not hasty, aunswere to giue before thou it debate. 1623
Conway in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. III. 155 These tender con-
siderations... his Majestie debated some dayes. - 1859 TEN-
nyson Enid 1215 Enid..Debating his command of silence
given. .Held commune with herself.
b. intr. To deliberate, consider (with oneself).
1593 [see Desatine v6/, sé.]. 1599 SHaxs. Hen. V,1v. i. 31,
I and my Bosome must debate awhile. 165: Hossrs
Leviath, 11. xxix. 168 From this false doctrine, men are dis-
posed to debate with themselves, [etc.]. 1733 Swirt Poevis,
DEBATE.
On Poetry, A founder’d horse will oft debate Before he
tries a five-barr’
bating = in
ae = on, in. = ‘
D’Urrey Butler's Ghost 149 What cursed Case is
now debating? 1788 Mrs. Hucues Henry & Lsab, 1. 86
This subject was still earnestly ae
+ Debate, v.2 Obs. [app. £. De- I. 1, 3 +
Bate, aphetic f. ABATE.] :
1. “vans. To abate; to beat down, bring down,
lower, reduce, lessen, diminish. _
c1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 4727 Pai -. prayed for par-
doune of pat attaynt, Pair mysdede to debate. 1513 Doucias
Aineis xm. iii. 35 Thir Rutilianys. .Gan at command debait
thar voce and ceis. ¢1§37 V/ersites in Hazl. ae L
414, I will debate anon. .thy bragging cheer. 156 J. Ras-
TELL Confut. Fewell’s Serm. 56 That body, w ich was..
with fast debated.
b. To depreciate, decry ; =DEBASE 2.
1598 Grenewey Zacitus’ Ann. v1. viii. (1622) 134 The
Parthian put his souldiers in mind of. .the renowned nobility
of the Arsacides : and..debated Hiberius as ignoble.
e. To subtract, take away. (adsol. in quot.)
1658 A. Fox Wurts’ Surg. u.i. 48 To debate from the
one, and to add to the other.
2. intr. To abate, fall off, grow less.
a 1400-50 lexander 2506 (Dubl. MS.) Pe more I meng
our maieste be more it debates. c1450 St. Cuthbert (Sur-
tees) 2548 Pe werkenes of hir sekenes with in Began to
debate and blyn. 1586 W. Wesse Eng. Poetrie (Arb.) 94
Artes..when they are at the full perfection, doo debate and
decrease againe. 1657 Tomiinson Renou’s Disp. 113 The
strength of the symptoms being debated.
Debateable: see DEBATABLE.
+Deba‘teful, 2. Os. [See -FuL.]
1. Of persons: Full of strife, contentious.
1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 1. 279 b/s Men
full of noyse & debatefull. 1557 Pavnet Barclays Fugurth
Biij, Sowers of dyscord and debatful. 16xx Cotcr., Lzti-
gienx..litigious, debatefull, contentious.
2. Of things: a. Pertaining to strife or conten-
tion; b. Controversial, contentious.
1580 Sipney Arcadia (1622) 412 Her conscience .. stil
nourishing this debateful fire. 1587 FLeminc Contn. Holin-
shed I11. 1320/2 In the triall of this debatefull question.
Hence + Deba‘tefully adv.
1611 Cotcr., Contenticusement, contentiously..debate-
fully, with much wrangling.
+Debatement!. Os. [a. OF. debatement
(later debattement), f. debat-re + -MENT.]
1. The action of debating ; debate, controversy,
discussion, deliberation.
1536 Articles about Relig. Pref. 16 Our bishops ..
sembled .. for the full debatement and quiet determination
ofthe same. 1 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 11 The
matter requireth long debatement. 1602 SHaks. /am. \.
ii. 45 Without debatement further. 1641 Micton Reforv.1.
(1851) 5 A serious question and debatement with my selfe.
2. Contention, strife. rare—'.
1590 SPENSER /'.Q. 11. vi. 39 He with Pyrochles sharp
debatement made. -
+Deba‘tement *. Ods. rare—'.
v.24+-MENT.] =ABATEMENT.
c1sso Bate KX. Yohan (Camden) 75 Sir, disconfort not,
for God hath sent debatementes..From thys heavye yoke
delyverynge yow. :
Debater (d/bé'tax). In 5 -our. [a. AF. de-
batour = OF. debateor, -eur, agent-n. f. debat-re to
DEBATE v.!: see -ER 2 3.]
+1. One who contends or strives ; a quarrelsome
or contentious person. Ods.
Ea Wyciir Rom. i. 30 Detractouris, hateful to God,
debateris, proude. 1413 Lypc. Pilgr. Sowle 1. xxxv. (1483)
8 LP age and debatours. c1440 Capcrave Life St.
Rat 1. 1519 A fals traytour. .debater and robbour.
2. One who takes part in debate or public dis-
cussion ; a disputant, controversialist. Often, one
skilled in debate, an able disputant.
1593 Suaxs. Lucr. 1019 Debate where leisure serves with
dull debaters. @ 1773 CuesterFiEtp (T.), It is only know-
ledge and experience that can make a debater. 1823 Byron
Yuan xi. xx, The Lord Henry was a great debater, So
that few members kept the house up later. 1848 Macav-
tay Hist. Eng. 11. 611 Their debates lasted three days..
Sir Patrick Hume was one of the debaters. 1887 Westv.
Rev. June 277 Mr. C. is a debater.
(dibéitin), vb. sb, [-1NG1.] The
action of DEBATE vb.1; discussion ; deliberation.
1548 Haut Chren. 110 After long debatyng, the Commons
[f. DeBaTE
concluded to graunte .ii.s. of the pound. — 1593 SHaks.
Lucr. 274 Then childish feare auaunt, debating die. 1732
Berxeey Adiphr. wv. § 2 The end of debating is to per-
suade. 1 . Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. Il. 71 After
a t deal of debating a resolution was passed.
. attrid., as in debating society, a society
whose members meet for tice in debating.
x Athen. Lett. (1792) I. 18, I find myself in such
a debating humour, that you must indulge me. 1792 Gentil.
Mag.LX ings. . with respect toa debating-
ety at the house formerly the King’s Arms tavern, in
Cornhill. 1808 Med. Frni. XIX. 445 To answer at Baa
attack on Vaccination, in Newspapers or in Debating Socie-
ties. 1857 Buckie Crviliz. 1. vii. 394 In the middle of the
18th century debating societies sprun y- yen trades-
4
L146
men. 1 Mercury 24 June new Govern-
ment will be..weak in debating power.
Debating, 7//. «. "Linc 2,] That debates :
see DEBATE 2,
78
17oz Rowe Tameri. 1. ii. 665 Debating Senates. 1749
Deity, A Poem 30 As just the structure, and as wise the
plan, As in the lord of all—debating man!
Hence Debatingly adv. vare—°.
1847 in Craic.
+ Debative, «. Obs. rare. [f. Debate v.1 +
-Ive. Cf. OF. debatif (14th c. in Godef.).] Re-
— to, or of the nature of, debate or discussion.
G. W[oopcocke] tr. /vstine 25 b, They were driuen
into a debatiue meditation. Futter Answ. Ferne 14
If this decisive faculty, after the debative had passed upon
the sence of the Law, were not some where resident in
the Government.
+ Deba‘tous, @. Obs. rare.
sb.+-ous. (Possibly in AF.)]
tentious.
Cath. Angl. 92 Debatouse, contensiosus. ¢1§20
Treat. Galaunt (1860) 14 Aduenture and angre ben aye so
debatous. a
Debauch (dibotf), v. Forms: 6- debauch;
6-7 (9 Sc.) debosh, 7 debaush, debausch, de-
bosche, 7-8 deboash, g Sc. debush. [Aa. (¢ 1600)
F. débauch-er, in OF. desbaucher (13-14th c.) to
entice away from the service of one’s master,
seduce from duty, etc. Of obscure derivation.
‘The original pronunciation a‘ter modern F., and
its gradual change, are seen in the spellings dedosh,
debaush, deboach, debauch riming in 1682 with
approach: see the sb. See also DEBOISE.
F. débaucher is, according to Littré and Hatzfeld, derived
from a sb. bauche, of which the precise sense and origin
are according to the latter unknown ; according to the former
it = ‘a place of work, workshop’, so that desbaucher would
mean orig. ‘to draw away from the workshop, from one’s
work or duty’: so Diez. Cotgr. has dauche, ‘course of
stones or bricks in building’, daucher ‘to chip, hew, or
square timber, etc. ; also to ranke, order, array, lay euenly’;
hence desbaucher might primarily mean ‘to disorder, bring
into disarray or disorder’. ‘The sense ‘drawaway from service
or duty’ appears however to be the earliest in French, though
that of ‘corrupt ', had also been developed before the word
was taken into English.)
+1. ¢rans. To turn or lead away, entice, seduce,
from one to whom service or allegiance is due ;
e.g. soldiers or allies from a leader, a wife or
children from husband or father, etc. (Usually
with the connotation ‘lead astray, mislead ’.)
Rarely with against. Obs.
ay Six R. WitiiaMms Actions Low C. (1618) 5 (T.) That
Count Egmont would be deboshed from them by the Spanish
instruments. 1614 Lopce Seneca 49 Not to have such
a woman to his wife that was not debauched from her
husband. 1 G. Hickes in Ellis Orig. Lett. u. IV. 42
‘Yo debauch the military and gentry. .from their duty to his
Majesty. 1697 Drypen Virg. Past. Pref. (1721) 1. 80 He
who had the Address to debauch away Helen from her
Husband. 1702 Eng. Theophrast. 72 Money debauches
children against their parents. 12712 Arsutunot John Bull
1. i, He had hardly put up his sign, when he began to
debauch my best customers from me. 754 Hume Hist,
Eng. 1. xvi. 211 He debauched prince John from his allegi-
ance. 1765 Gotpsm. Ess. Taste Wks. (Globe) 315/2 Thus
debauched from nature, how can we relish her genuine pro-
ductions ? :
+b. To entice, seduce, or gain over /o a party
or course of action, or fo do athing. Ods.
1667 Perys Diary 3 July, Two young men whom one of
them debauched by degrees to steal their fathers’ plate and
clothes. 1694 Col. Kec. Pennsylv. 1. 459 The five Indian
nations wer now debauched to the french interest.
Gotpsm. Ess. Taste Wks. (Globe) 313/2 Hence the yout!
of both sexes are debauched to diversion. 1 URKE
Regic. Peace iv. Wks. UX. 100 Their amity is to debauch us
to their principles. :
+e. (Without const.) To seduce from allegiance
or duty, induce to desert; to render disaffected ;
to pervert or corrupt in regard of allegiance or
duty to others. Oés. (exc. as merged in the more
general sense of 2.)
1623 Favine Theat. Hon. 1. iv. 25 To debosh and corrupt
the subiects. 1651 Evetyn Mem. (1857) 1. 285 Mr. John
Cosin, son of the Dean, debauched by the priests. 169
Lurtrett Brief Rel. (1857) I. 204 Persons dispersing
‘Tyrconnells declarations to debauch our soldiers. 1712
Arsutunot Yokn Bull wm. App. i, If a servant ran away,
ack had debauched him. 1741 Mipvteton Cicero I. 1.126
is army .. debauched by his factious officers. 1807 Pixe
Sources Mississ, u. App. 51 The Spaniards were making
such great exertions to debauch the minds of our heh
3818 Jas. Mit Brit. /ndia 1, m. iv. 584 To betray t i
master debauch his army. ;
To seduce from virtue or morality; to per-
vert, deprave, or corrupt morally; esf. to corrupt
or deprave by intemperance, or sensual indulgence.
1603 Fiorio Montaigne (1613) 536 (T.) Young men, such
as I imagine to be least de ed and corrupted by ill
examples. x61r Corcr., Desbaucher, to debosh .. seduce,
mislead ; make lewd, a disorder, draw from goodnesse.
a 3664 J: Gooown, Fille 2. the Spirit (1867) 40 Though
Paul been a grievous sinner. .yet he had not debauched
in commana au doe QV), To tte
intemperance an tish sensuality. x7x8 ec.
Pouunmn Ill. {7 ‘The ng men “ed been lately so
aged debaucht with Rum. 1745 Frecoinc True Patriot
ks. 1775 1X. 311 For fear of enervating their minds and
de their morals. 1816 di Scorr Vis. Paris (ed. Fa
133 If a father debauches his children, is his family likely
to be noted for subordination and respectability? 1849
Lyrron Devereux U. " Their humour debauches the whole
moral system. | Froupe Cesar xii. 163 The seat of
justice has been publicly debauched.
f. debat, DEBATE
eon day con- |
DEBAUCH.
b. To seduce (a woman) from chastity.
brn rnp to 1: see quots. 1614, 1697 there; but
a i ~ d with —— ‘ a
1711 STEELE = (0. 151 PE ‘ellow ..
who would .. your Sister, or lie with your Wife.
1791 Boswett Yoknson 20 Mar. an. 1776, An abandoned
profligate oa | think that it is not wrong to debauch my
wife. 1817 W. Setwyn Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) II. 1039
A com in ee for debauching his daughter.
ames Forest Di s L iii, Debauching a country
. Lo deprave, vitiate (the taste, senses, j
ment, etc.).
(In first quot. perhaps= i . of rc.)
yeas pes Pata ae ~ ae er wie debauch'd her
udgment and her Eyes. VELYN Sylva 8
Acorns were beconedeon: the food of Men. .till {hear a. Pa
palats were debauched. 1686 Pior Staffordsh. 151 Most
other animals are nicer in their Senses (having no way
| debauch’t them) than Mankind is. 1710 BerKketey Princ.
Hum. Knowl, § 123 A mind not yet debauched by learning.
1794 Gopwin Cal. Williams 51 Having never been de-
Sor ag 1Ot Wak Ser uae 4 ems wee vor
tions. 4 + 379 .w under-
standing has not bt debauc! St semmmemeted pre-
judice. 1816 Scorr Antiz. xiii, They debauch the spirit of
the ignorant and credulous with mystical trash.
+4. To vilify, damage in reputation; to depre-
ciate, disparage. Obs.
r6or Suaxs. Ad/’s Well y. iii. 206 He’s quoted for a most
perfidious slaue, With all the spots a’ th’ world taxt and
debosh'd. x Heywoop 2nd Pt. [ron Age w. Wks. 1874
ILI. 396 Whil’st Cethus like a forlorne shadowe walkes
Dispis'd, disgrac’t, neglected, and debosht. ay Ossorn
Misc., Pref. ( 1679) Qq ij b, It is contrary to my own Aphorism
° debosh what I present, by saying it was writ before I was
wenty.
+b. To damage or spoil in quality. Ods. (Cf.
DEBOIST 2.)
By True Trojans w. iii. in Hazl. Dodsley X11. 512 Last
year his barks and galleys were debosh'd; is year they
sprout again. —
+ 5. To dissipate, spend prodigally, squander.
1632 [see Desoise v.]. 1637-50 Row Hist. Kirk (1842)
419 To..give them in rent more thousands (to debosh and
mispend) nor honest men hes hundreds. 1649 Lp. Foorv in
M. P. Brown Sat Decis. (1826) 399 Since her husband
had debausched all, and left nothing to her.
6. intr. (formerly ref.) To indulge to excess in
sensual enjoyment, esf. that of eating and drinking ;
toriot, revel. ? Ods.
1644 Evetyn Ment. (1857) 1. 73 Which causes the English
to make no long sojourn here, except such as can fink
and debauch. 1687 Montacue & Prior Hind & P. Transv.
Aiv, "Tis hard to conceive how any man could censure the
Turks for Gluttony, a People that debauch in Coffee.
1689 Minutes Kirk Session in McKay Hist. Kilmarnock
(1880) 10 Such as they find drinking there, or in any way
deboshing. Savace Lett, Antients cvii. 269 More
oroper for you, than to debauch with Sicilian Wine. 17%
D’'Urrey Pills (1872) I. 355 We, to grow hot, pti 4
ourselves in Beef. 1732 Law Serious C. xiii. (1761) 203 That
he neither drank, nor debauched ; but was sober and
in his business. 1825 Jamieson, 70 debosh, to aecens
self in the use of any thing to excess; as tea, snuff, &c.
Sig. 1742 Younc Nt. Th. viii. 557 Hatred her brothel has,
as well as love, Where horrid epicures debauch in
Hence Debauc’hing vi, sb. and ppl. a.
ry | Mitton Tetrachordon 1, (1851) 217 A most ligent
and debaushing tutor. 1660 — Free Commw. 428
debauching of our prime Gentry both Male and Female.
1662 Petty 7axes & Contrib. 48 If we should think it
hard to giue good y cloth for debauching wines.
Debauch (arbpt)), sb. (Also 7 deboach.)
[a. F. débauche, f. débaucher to Depaucu. For
the phonology, etc., see the verb.]
I. 1. A bout of excessive indulgence in sensual
pleasures, esp. those of eating and drinking.
1603 FLorio Seminigne 488 My debauches or excesses
transport me not much. 1661 Prrys hee, 3 oe yi
head akeing all day from last night's deba N. O.
Boileau's Lutrin 1. 203 Snoring after late Debauches,
Nor dream'st what mischief now thy Head approaches.
1737 L. Crarke /fist. Bible (1740) 11. xu. 714 Extravagant
- oo debauches, 1839-40 W. eae Wolfert’s R.
1855) 125 The dissol pani deb 1874
REEN S) Hist. iii. § 3. 126 The fever. .was inflamed by
a gluttonous debauch.
. The practice or-habit of such indulgence ; de-
bauchery.
1673 Dxvpen Marr. a la Mode ww. i, Masquerade is
Vizor-mask in debauch. 1699 — Ef. to ¥. D. m 73 The
first physicians by debauch were made. PER 7%
iv. 470 A whiff stale debauch, forth-issuing from the
styes That law has licensed. 1874 Bracxte Se//Cudt.
74 All debauch is incipient suicide.
. transf.
dauché, through the
168t Gianvitn Si
charge against these quibbli
Towr . Deer Pits (yo iv gig When De-
wn, .
benches TF both we From Prey tg ee
+ Debau'ch, debaush, @. Ods. .ad. F.
débauché, with -e mute, or ?corruption of debaucht.)
=DeBAvcHED. (Cf. DEBAUCHNESS.) j
DEBAUCHABLE.
1616 R. C. Times’ Whistle v. 1758 Mock them as despisde
And debaush creatures. a 3
Debauchable (d#b9'tfab’l), a. [-anie.] That
can be debauched.
1865 Mitt in Morn. Star 6 July, To spend 10,000/, in
corrupting and debauching the constituents who are de-
bauchable and corruptible.
Debauched (d/b$'t{t), 247. a. [f. DeBpaucn v.,
or immed. after F.débauché, with native ending -ED.]
Seduced or corrupted from duty or virtue; depraved
or corrupt in morals; given up to sensual pleasures
or loose living; dissolute, licentious.
1598 FLorio Suéato..Also an vnthriftie, careles, debaucht
or mislead man. 1624 Carr. Situ Virginia iv. 167 To
rectifie a common-wealth with debaushed people is impos-
sible. 1647 R. Stapytton ¥uvenal 18 Whose debauchter
face and miene disclose His mind’s diseases. 1653 Hot-
crort Procopius 1. 4 He.. made love to other mens wives,
and was extreamly debaucht. | 1790 Pennant London (1813)
259 Bartholomew-fair. . becoming the resort of the debauched
of all denominations. 1796 H. Hunter tr. St.-Prerre’s
Stud. Nat. (1799) 11. 495 The money of strangers dis-
appears, but their debauched morals remain, 1864 Kincs-
LEY Rom. §& Tent. ii. (1875) 46 Decrepit and debauched
slave-nations.
Debau'chedly, ev. [-1v2.] In a debauched
manner.
1644 Bre. Hatt Rew. Whs. (1660) 133 If I see a man live
debauchedly in drunkennesse [etc.]. 1663 CowLry Of
Liberty, To live..desperately with the bold, and debauch-
edly with the luxurious.
Debau‘chedness. [-NESS.] The state or
quality of being debauched.
1618 Mynsuut /'ss. Prison 29 By being giuen to drunken-
nes or whoring ..or by any other debauchednes. 1660
H. More Myst. Godl. m1. xi. 79 Cybele, mater Deorum,
the celebration of whose Rites had so much villany and
debauchedness in it. 1837 New Monthly Mag. XLIX.
168 Strange pranks of humorous debauchedness.
Debauchee (debo7). Also 7 deboichee, 8
deboshee ; also debauché(e.
debauched (person), sb. use of pa. pple. of a-
baucher to Desaucn. In 17th and 18th c. also de-
boichee, deboshee: cf. DEBOISE, DEBOSHED.]
One who is addicted to vicious indulgence in sen-
sual pleasures.
a@x1661 Hotypay FYuvenal 81 Cicero, describing the de-
bauchées [fv inted -oes] of his time, says they were v7v0
languidi, 1665 Perys Diary 23 July, If he knew his son
to be a debauchee (as many and most are now-a-dayes
about the Court). 1677 B. Riverey un. Serum. Bp. of
Norwich 14 A great Deboichee. 1741 tr. D’ Argens' Chinese
Lett. xxxiii, Perhaps if the People could be Deboshees
and Gluttons with Impunity, they would not be more sober
there than in Europe. 1751 Jonnson Rambler No. 174? 9,
I never betrayed an heir to gamesters, or a girl to de-
bauchees, 1882 Farrar arly Chr. 1. 67 No man is more
systematically heartless than a corrupted debauchee.
b. attrib.
1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 262 A debauchee
physician. 1862 Sat. Rev. 15 Mar. 305 A debauchee peer,
Debaucher (dibdtfo1). [f. DeBavcH v. +
-rr1,] One who debauches; a corrupter or se-
ducer.
1614 B. Jonson Barth, Fair v. vi, Thou strong debaucher
and seducer of youth. 1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals. 11. 47
A continual Swearer and Debaucher. 1727 BLackwaLL
Sacred Classics 1. 399 (Lf.) Insidious underminers of chas-
tity, and debauchers of sound principles. 1828 Scotr /. MW.
Perth xx, Destroyers of men, and debauchers of women.
Debauchery (dib9'tfari). Also 7 debaushery,
deboshery, deboichery. [f. as prec. +-ERY.]
1. Vicious indulgence in sensual pleasures.
1642 Mitton Afol. Smect. (1851) 309 What with truanting
and debaushery. 1647 R. Stapytton ¥uvenal 146 Those
that excuse youth’s deboichery. c 1665 Mrs. Hurcuinson
Mem. Col. Hutchinson (R.), The nobility and courtiers, who
did not quite abandon their debosheries. 1727 De For
Syst. Magic 1. i. (1840) 13 Noah himself .. fell into the de-
baucheries of wine. 1838 TurrtwaLt Greece IV. 109 Un-
worthy favourites, the companions of his debaucheries.
184x Etpninstone Hist. Jud. II. 155 He was... fond of
coarse debauchery and low society.
+2. Seduction from duty, integrity, or virtue ;
corruption. Ods.
1733 STEELE Guardian No. 17 » 8 To contrive the de-
bauchery of your child. 1752 Jounson Rambler No. 189
? 6 There are men that boast of debaucheries of which they
never had address to be guilty. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. 78 The
republick of Paris will endeavour to compleat the debauchery
ofthe army. 1863 H. Cox /ustit. 1. viii. 99 In no case was
an election questioned on account of ¢veating, or, as it was
then called, debauchery at elections.
Debauchment ieee nent). 2Obs. Also 7
-baush-, -bosh-. [a. F. débauchement (in Cotgr.
des-), £. débaucher to DEBAUCH : see -MENT.]
1. The action or fact of debauching or corrupting;
seduction from duty or virtue.
1606 DanteL Queen's Arcadia 1. iv, These strange de-
baushments of our nymphes, 16x1 Corcr., Desbauchement,
adeboshement. 1625 W. B. Trwe School War 64 He first
outraged them by the debauch of their Cc Hors
and subiects. 1685 Soutn Sevvz. (1843) IL. xvii. 282 A cor-
ruption and debauch of men’s
2. Debauched condition; debauchery; a de-
bauch.
1628 Br. Hatt Quo Vadis? § 10 They are growne to that
height of debauchment as to hold learning a shame to
nobility. Earte Microcosm., Honest Fellow (Arb.)
toz A good dull vicious fellow, that complyes well with
[a. F. abauché |
“2
the deboshments of the time. 1658 CLEVELAND J ustic
Rampant Wks. (1687) 506 There is a Proneness in unruly
Man to run into Debauchments.
+Debau‘chness. Ol. rave. [f. DeBaucn a.
+ -NESS, or corruption of debauchedness.] De-
bauchedness.
1640 Quartes Enchirid. w. xcix, Let him avoyd De-
bauchnesse. 1650 Arnway Alarm 115 (T.) Their throats
to drunkenness, gluttony, and debauchness. | 1639 GAUDEN
Tears of Church 390 Occasioned, yea necessitated, by their
own debauchnesse and distempers.
+ Debaurd. Oés. [properly debord, a. F. débord,
Cf. DEBorp v.] Departure from the right way ;
excess.
1671 Annanp Myst. Pietatis 118 (Jam.) Which verily is
the ground of all our sinful debaurds.
Debayre, Debefe: see DEBAREa., LANGDEBEFE.
+ Debe'l, -ell, v. Obs. [a. F. débell-er (Oresme,
14th c.), ad. L. debel/are to subdue in fight, f. dé-
down + bellare to war.] trans. To put down in
fight, subdue, vanquish ; to expel by force of arms.
Hence + Debelling v/. sd.
1555 App. Parker /s. cviii. 320 He our foes shall sone
debell. a1564 Brecon Pleas. New Nosegay Early Wks.
(1843) 201 Humility .. debelleth and valiantly overcometh
the enemy of all grace. 1586 Warner Add. Eng. u. viii,
Spanish Cacus..Whom Hercules from out his Realme de-
belled at the length. 1651 Hower Venrce 42 ‘This..made
him more illustrious than by debelling of Afric. 1671
Mitton P. 2. 1v. 604 Him long of old Thou didst debel,
and down from Heay’n cast. 1825 Hocc Queene Hynde 202.
+ Debe‘llate, v. Ods. [f. L. débellat-, ppl.
stem of débellare : see DEBEL and -ATE.] = DEBEL,
Hence + Debellating v0/. sd.
161r Speep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xii. 138 Though in two or
three battles inferior, yet not to haue beene clearely debel-
lated. ax1626 Bacon Holy War \J.), The extirpating and
debellating of giants, monsters, and foreign tyrants,
+ Debella‘tion. O¢s. [n. of action f. L. d-
bellare: see prec. and -aTIoN.] The action of
vanquishing or reducing by force of arms; con-
quest, subjugation.
1526 St. Papers Hen, VIII, 1, 180 The debellacion of the
Thurkes, enemyes of Christes feith. 1533 More (¢7¢/e), ‘The
Debellacyon of Salem and Bizance. 1627-77. FettHAm
Resolves 1. \xxvii. 118 We often let Vice spring, for wanting
the audacity and courage of a Debellation. 1653 T. Apams
Serm. Ps. xciv. 19 Wks. (1861) III. 281 An insurrection
and a debellation; atumult and its appeasement. 1830
Fraser's Mag. 1. 748 Yhe internecine and flagrant debella-
tion which I have had with. .Sir James Scarlett.
+ Debe'llative, z. Obs. vare—'. [f. as prec.
+-IVE.] Tending to overthrow or reduce by war.
(In quot. ‘ (mutually) destructive ’.)
165r Biccs New Disp. P 199 Warres of debellative con-
traries.
+ Debella‘tor. Obs. rare—'. [a. L. debellitor,
agent-n. f. devel/are.]_ A subduer, vanquisher.
1713 Swirt Char. of Steele Wks. 1814 VI. 216 (Stanf.)
Behe d..the terror of politicians! and the debellator of
news-writers |
+ Debe'llish, v. Ods. rare. [f. DE- I. 6 +
-bellish in EMBELLISH: cf. BELLISH v.] ¢ranzs. To
rob of beauty, disfigure.
1610 G, FLeTcuEr Christ’s Vict. (1632) 59 What blast
hath thus his flowers debellished ?
De bene esse: see DE 1.
Debenture (débe‘ntiiiz). Also 5-7 debentur,
6-7 debenter. [In early use debentur, stated by
Briount in 17th c. to be the L. word debentur ‘there
are due or owing’, supposed to have been the
initial word of formal certificates of indebtedness.
This is, from the early use of the term, probable ;
though no actual examples of documents contain-
ing the Latin formula have been found.]
1. A certificate or voucher certifying that a sum
of money is owing to the person designated in it ;
a certificate of indebtedness.
a. A voucher given in the Royal household, the
Exchequer or other Government office, certifying
to the recipient the sum due to him for goods sup-
plied, services rendered, salary, etc., and serving as
his authority in claiming payment. A principal
application of the word during the 17th and 18th
centuries was to the vouchers given by the Ordnance
Office in payment of stores.
¢1455 in Paston Lett. No, 264 1. 364 Owyng to the seyd
Fastolf for costys and chargys that he bare when he was
Lieutenant of the towne of Harflew in Normandie [1415],
as yt shewith by a debentur made to the seyd Fastolf,
with hym remaynyng .. Cxxxiij/. vjs. viijd. Idid. 366
Certeyn debentur conteynyng the seyd sommes. 1469
Mann. & Househ. Exp. 537 Item, my master hath de-
lyvered 1j. debentures in the name of Norres, one of viij.
marces fore fyshe, and nodere of vij. marces. a 1483 Liber
i 3 in Househ. Ord. 66 That none other person make
suche debentures or bylles but the Clerkes of the self
offyce, so that theyre wryting and hand may be certaynly
knowne to them that pay in the countyng house. 1526
Ibid. 236 The clerke of the office [Accatrie] shall make out
debentures to the parties of whom such provision is made. .
which he shall present into the Compting-house within two
dayes after. 1567 R. Epwarps Damon § P. in Hazl.
Dodsley 1V. 78 Let us rifle him so..And steal away his
debenters [for coal delivered to the king’s kitchen] too.
1666 W. Fie.pine PefZit. in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comme.
App. v. 6 Before he gives debentures unto your petitioner
DEBENTURE,
for what creation-mony fell due unto your petitioner's said
father. 1682 Lond. Gaz. No. 1689/4 ‘I'wo Debenters were
lost .. One for Nine Months .. for the Sum of 372. 10s.
‘The other for Six Months. .for 257. 1697 Act 8-9 Will. I1/,
c. 27 (For better observation of ancient course of the Ex-
chequer) No ‘Teller .. shall ‘Trust or Depart With such
Money..without an Order or Debenture for the same. 170%
Lond. Gaz. No. 3698/4 Lost .. an Irish ‘Transport Deben-
ture, No. 191, made out the 2oth of August, 1695, to
Richard Haynes, for the Service of the Ann Ketch. 1708
J. CHAMBERLAYNE S?¢. Gt. Brit. 1. 1. xii. (1743) 101 The
chief Clerk [of the Kitchen] keeps all the Records, Ledger
books, and Debentures for Salaries, and Provisions and
Necessaries issuing from the Offices of the Pantry, Buttery,
and Cellar. 1730-6 Battey (folio), Dedentuve [in the Ea-
cheguer and King’s House), a Writing given to the Servants
for the Payment of their Wages, etc. 1837 Penny Cycl.
VIII. 340/2 Debentures..are in use now in the receipt of
Exchequer and Board of Ordnance, and it is believed in
the king’s household. i ;
+b. spec. A voucher certifying to a soldier or
sailor the audited amount of his arrears for pay:
see quot. 1674. Ods.
This was a regular feature of 17th c. army organization;
such certificates, issued ‘upon the public faith of the king-
dom’, were given to the Parliamentary Army during the
Civil War, app. from November 1641 onwards, and similar
bonds were also given in subsequent reigns; in some cases
these certificates were secured upon and redeemed in for-
feited land, esp. in Ireland.
1645 in Rushw. //7st¢. Cold. w. 1. 17 That particular Com-
mittee which are appointed to. .take in your Accompts, and
pay you part of your Arrears at present, and for the rest
you are to have a Debentur upon the Public Faith of the
Kingdom. 1647 Thomasson Tracts (Br. Mus.) CCCXIV.
No. 26. 2 Very sensible .. how tedious ..it is for soldiers
after disbanding to get their particular accompts audited,
and debenters for arrears. 1672 Petty Pol. Anat. (1691)
6 The Debentures of Commission Officers, who serv’d
eight years till about December 1649, comes to 1,800,000/.
1674 BLount Glossogr. (ed. 4), Debentur (the third person
plural of debeor to be due or owing) was by a Rump-act
of 1649 cap. 43. ordained to be in the nature of a Bond
or Bill to charge the Common-wealth to pay the Souldier-
creditor or his Assigns, the sum due upon account for his
Arrears, 1698 FarquHar Love § Bottle 1. i. 8 The mer-
ciful bullet, more kind than thy ungrateful country, has
given thee a Debenture in thy broken leg, from which
thou canst draw a more plentiful maintenance than I with
all my limbs in perfection. 1756 Gent. Mag. XXVI. 301
In Limerick, a county, of which the greater part was..in
the possession of families whose ancestors were adven-
turers in the reign of Q. Elizabeth, or had got debentures
under Oliver Cromwell.
e. At the Custom-house: A certificate given to
an exporter of imported goods on which a draw-
back is allowed, or of home produce on which a
bounty was granted, certifying that the holder is en-
titled to the amount therein stated.
See M. PostLetuwaitr, Dict. Trade §& Commerce 1751
-66, s.v., for full account, and ‘forms of several kinds of
debentures’.
1662 Act 14 Chas. I], c. 11 § 14 The Moneys due upon
Debentures for such forein Goods exported by Certificate.
1704 Dict. Rust., Debenture ..as most commonly used
among Merchants is the allowance of Custom paid inward,
which a Merchant draws back upon exportation of that
Commodity, which was formerly imported. 1711 Act
Anne, c. 23 Any Certificate or Debenture for Drawing bac
any Customs or Duties. 1763 Gent/. Mag. Apr. 185 Without
any suspicion of fraud, a debenture was granted, and a
clearance made to Rotterdam, where a certificate was ob-
tained for landing so many casks of rice. 1 Whitaker's
Almanac s.v. Excise, Stamps, & Taxes, Debenture or
Certificate for drawback, or goods exported, etc., not exceed-
ing £10..15.
+d. ¢vansf. Anacknowledgement of indebtedness
by a corporation, private person, etc. Ods. exc. as
Pleas. Notes i. iv. 94 An Accessary.. in all the pilferings,
Hedge-robberies, Debenturs at Inns, and Farrier scores.
te. fig. Acknowledgement of indebtedness ;
obligation ; debt. Ods.
1609 Hrywoop Brit. Troy xvi. ix, His Throne he fils
Twenty foure yeares, then pays his last Debenter [77e ad-
uenter] To Nature. 1658 Ossorn Adv. Son (1673) 38 If you
consider beauty alone, quite discharged from such Debentur’s,
as she owes to the Arts of Tire-women, Taylers, Shoomakers
and perhaps Painters. 1694 STEELE Poet. Misc. (1714) 40
You modern Wits.. Have desperate Debentures on your
Fame; And little would be left you, I’m afraid, If all your
debts to Greece and Rome were paid.
+2. A certificate of a loan made to the government
for public purposes, a government bond bearing
annual interest. Ods.
The first quot. connects this with sense 1}; it refers to
government debentures given to the inhabitants of Nevis
and St. Christopher’s to recoup them for losses sustained
from the invasions of the French.
1710 Act 9 Aune c. 23 Which Debentures shall be signed
by the said Commissioners of Trade and Plantations .. and
shall bear interest for the Principal Sums to be contained,
after the Rate of Six Pounds per Centum per Annum,
1756 Nucent Gr. Tour, France 1V. 7 Vast sums are levied
by raising and lowering the coin at pleasure, by compound-
ing debentures and government-bills, and by other oppres-
sive methods. 1810 ‘ PHocion’ Opinions on Public Funds 8
If legal paper such as state debentures or bills had, in 1790,
been of ten or fifty times their then magnitude. Jéid.
| seg me a state debenture or an exchequer bill, 18z1
‘etenhall’s Course of Exchange 22 Oct., Irish Funds,
~
DEBENTURE.
Government Debentures, 34 per cent. 1813 Act 53 Geo. I//,
c. 41 An Act for ting Annuities to satisfy certain Ex-
chequer Bills, and for raising a Sum of Money by Deben-
tures for the Service of Great Britain, —
3. A bond issued by a corporation or company
(under seal), in which acknowledgement is made
that the corporation or company is indebted to a
particular person or to the holder in a specified
sum of money on which interest is to be paid until
oe 5 gio of the principal.
Not occurring in the Companies Clauses Consolidation
Act of 1845, but used shortly after in connexion with the
loans raised by Railway Companies and the like, the name
being evidently taken from sense 2. The term is in general
use, especially for those bonds by which public companies
raise money at a fixed rate of interest, with a prior charge
on the assets of the company or corporation issuing them.
Mortgage debenture: a debenture the principal of which
is secured by the pledging of the whole or a part of the
property of the issuing company.
1847 East Ind. Railway, Deed of Settlement 9 Apr.,
Debenture, bond, Bill of Exchange, Promissory note, or
other Security. 1858 Simmonps Dict. Trade, Debenture..
The term has now got to be applied to railway companies’,
municipal, and other bonds or securities for money loaned.
1861 Larceny, &c. Act 24-25 Vict. c. 96 § 1 The term..
valuable Security shall include .. any Debenture, Deed,
Bond, Bill, &c. 1863 Fawcetr Pol. Econ. i. xv. 1865
Mortgage Debenture Act 28-29 Vict.c.78 An Act to enable
certain Companies to issue Mortgage Debentures founded
on Securities upon or affecting Land. /é/d. § 26 Every Mort-
gage Debenture .. issued by the Company shall be a Deed
under the Common Seal of the Company duly stamped.
1887 Cuitty in Law Rep. 36 Chanc, Div. 215 The term de-
benture has not, so far as I am aware, ever received any
precise legal definition. /é/d. 215 In my opinion a deben-
ture means a document which either creates a debt or
acknowledges it, and any document which fulfils either of
these conditions is a ‘debenture’... It is not either in law or
pemmnerce a strictly technical term, or what is called a term
‘of art’.
4. attrib. and Comb., as + debenture goods, + lands,
debenture-holders; Aebenture-bond, a bond of
the nature of a debenture; = DEBENTURE 3; de-
benture-stock, debentures consolidated into, or
created in the form of, a stock, the nominal capital
of which represents a debt of which only the interest
is secured by a perpetual annuity.
1736 Br. Witson in Keble Zi/ xxvii. (1863) 903 Shipping
tobacco and other debenture goods into the running wher-
ries. 1742 Francis Horace u. vii. (R.), Yet, prithee, where
are Czsar's bands Allotted their debenture-lands? 186:
Act 26-7 Vict. c. 118 § 24 The Interest on Debenture Stoc
shall have Priority of Payment over all Dividends or Interest
on any Shares or Stock of the Company, whether Ordinary
or Preference or guaranteed, and shall rank next to the In-
terest payable on the Mortgages or Bonds for the Time being
of the Company. 1866 Sfectator 1 Dec. 1331 ‘That faith
stands already pledged to the existing debenture-holders,
who lent their money on the security of a legislative Act.
1870 Daily News 22 Nov., Vice-Chancellor Malins. .in the
claim of the holders of debenture bonds issued by the Im-
rial Land Company of Marseilles .. decided that .. the
nds in question were virtually promissory notes, and
that the holders were consequently entitled to recover in
full. 1887 Pall Mall G. 8 June 12/1 It is proposed to
create £285,000 Six per cent. Debenture stock, or rather
more than the existing debentures of the company. 1893
Midl. Rail. Circular Dec. 30 They all benefited .. by con-
solidation into one uniform 3 per cent. Debenture Stock.
Debentured (dibe‘ntiiisd), a. [f. prec. + -ED.]
Furnished with or secured by a debenture. Dedben-
tured goods: goods on which a custom house de-
benture for a drawback, etc., is given.
1805 J. SrerHeN War in Disguise 60(L.) Official clearances
were given, in which no mention was made that the cargo
consisted of bonded or debentured goods.
Deberry, dial. var. of DayBERRy, gooseberry.
Debet(e, obs. f. Desir; var. DeBitE Obs.
+ De-beth, v. 3rd pers. sing. Ods. App. an
adaptation of Latin det owes, oweth.
ggg Howard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 423 And so de-
beth to hym stylle_xx.li. 1532 Croscombe Churchw. Acc.
Somerset Record Soc.) 40 Iohn Bolle for pewter vessells
lebeth ix’, /did. 41 Thos. Downe debeth unto the chyrch
for the rentte for the lamp viii*. :
Debile (debil), a. Obs. or arch. [a. F. débile
(14-15th c.), ad. L. débz/-is weak, orig. wanting in
ability or aptitude, f. dé- (Dr- 1.6) + hadilis, ABLE,
apt, nimble, expert, etc.] Weak, feeble, suffering
from debility.
1536 Latimer Serm. & Rem. (1845) x? He being so debile,
so weak, and of so great ane: 1 . M, tr. Gabelhouer’s
Bk. Physicke 110/1 So debile, and feble of stomacke. 1607
Suaks. Cor. 1. ix. 48 For that I haue not .. foyl’d some
debile Wretch. Baxter Key Cath. xliii. 308 Where
the fact or Proposition from the Light of Nature is more
debile. 1788 May in Pettigrew Lit of Lettsom (1817) III.
278 She..was still very restless, and extremely debile.
etal Med. ¥rni. VIII. 111 Causes, which induce a debile
frame. 1890 E. Jounson Rise of Christendom 158 In the
form of a very debile old man of 202 years.
b. Bot, ‘ Applied to a stem which is too weak
to support the weight of leaves and flowers in an
u a ition’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.).
De ilitant, a. and sé. [a. F. débilitant or
ad. L. débilitint-em, pr. pple. of deilitdre: see
DEBILITATE @.]
A. adj. Debilitating. B. sd. Med. (See quot.)
1857 Dunciison Dict. Med. sv. Debilitant, Antiphlogis-
tics are, hence, debilitants. 1882 Syd. Soc. Lex., Debili-
80
tants, or means employed to dep the powers
of the body, such as antimony and low diet. ye
+ Debi'litate, a. Ols. [ad. L. débilitat-us,
pa. — of debilitare.] Enfeebled; feeble. -
1552 Hurokt, Debilitate, or feble, or wythout synnowes,
eneruis. 1737 H. Bracken Farriery Jmpr. (1757) U1. 41
Help and strengthen the Part that is debilitate. ;
Debilitate (d/bitlitet), v. [f. L. dzsilitat-,
ppl. stem of déilitare to weaken, f. debilis weak.]
trans. To render weak ; to weaken, enfeeble.
1533 Exyor Cast. Helthe (1541) 46a, Immoderate watch
..doth debilitate the powers animall. 1541 Payne Ca-
tiline xlv. 71 To debylitate and cutte asunder theyr en-
deuoir and hope. ax625 Beaum. & Fi. Faithful Friends
v. ii, If you think His youth or judgment .. Debilitate his
person..call him home. 1717 Buttock Woman a Riddle
1. i. 8, I am totally debilitated of all power of elocution.
1715 Leoni Palladio’s Archit. (1742) I. 57 The Sun shining
.-would be apt to heat, debilitate, and spoil the Wine or
other Liquors. 1829 I. Taytor Znthus. ix. 233 Whose
moral sense had been debilitated. 1871 Narnnys Prev. &
Cure Dis. 1. i. 45 A feeble constitution, which he further
debilitated by a dissipated life.
+b. Astrol. Cf. DepiLity 4b. Ods.
a 1625 Beaum. & Ft. Bloody Bro. ww. ii, Venus. .is..clear
debilitated five degrees Beneath her ordinary power.
Debi'litated, 7//. a. [f. pree.+-Ep1.]_ En-
feebled ; reduced to debility.
1611 Cotcr., Dedilité, debilitated, weakened, enfeebled.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud, Ep. 1. i. 3 Their debilitated
posterity. 1803 T. Beppors //ygéia ix. 173 Those who
exact efforts from the debilitated. 184: Brewster Mart.
Sc. vi. (1856) gt His debilitated frame was exhausted with
mental labour. |
Debi'litating, v//. 5. [-1nc1.] _ Enfeeble-
ment, debilitation.
1539 Exyor in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. 11. 117, I no thing
gate but the Colike and the Stone, debilitating of Nature.
1765 Univ. Mag. XX XVII. 237/2 The debilitating of the
affected part. :
Debi litating, /// 0.
tates; weakening, enfeebling.
1674 R. Goprrey /17. §& Ab. Physic Pref., Their poisonous
and debilitating Methods. 1805 W. Saunpers Min. Waters
soo A long and debilitating sickness. 1865 Livincstone
Zambesi vi. 143 ‘The... debilitating effects of the climate.
Debilitation (d/bilitét-fan). [a. F. débilita-
tion, -acton (13th c.), ad. L. débilitation-em, n. of
action f. deb¢litare to DEBILITATE.] The action of
debilitating ; debilitated condition ; weakening.
1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W.de W. 1495) 11. 247 a/2 Some
sykenes or debylytacyon of his bodye. 1524 St. Papers
Hen, VIIT, 1V. 93 For..the debilitacion and discomfort of
thenemye. 1645 Br. Hatt Rem. Discont. 25 How often
doth sicknesse prevent the debilitations ofage. 1875 Lyeut
Princ. Geol. 1. 1. ix. 168 The debilitation of the subter-
ranean forces, 1876 Dovuse Grimm's L. § 10. 19 An ac-
celerated phonetic debilitation.
ie L. débilitat-,
Debilitative (d/biliteitiv), a.
ppl. stem +-Ive.] Tending to debilitate ; causing
debilitation.
1682 H. More Annot. Glanvill’s Lux O. 37 The deterior-
ating change in the Body. .is understood of a debilitative..
deterioration, 1810 BentHam Packing (1821) 153 The morbid
and debilitative influence. 1886 Lond. Med. Record 15 Mar.
131/1 The debilitative effect of these preparations.
+ Debilite, v. Ovs. [a. F. débilite-r, ad. L.
debilitare.] = DEBILITATE.
1483 Caxton Cato B viij, [Drinking] debyliteth and maketh
feble the vertues of the man. 1489 — Faytes of A. Iv.
xvii. 279 A man debylyted and nyghe dede. 1545
Byrth Mankynde 52 Ouer much heate debylitith, w
and fayntith both the woman and the chyld.
+ Debi'litude. Ods. rare. [f. L. débili-s weak
+ sna | Debility, weakness ; also in Astrol.
1669 W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 125 From a debilitude
of the womb. 1686 Goan Celest. Bodies 1. v. 221 Weaker
Signs must be debilitudes.
Debility (d/biliti). Also 5-6 debyli-, debi-
lyte, -tee, -tye, 6-7 -tie. [a. F. débilité (Oresme,
14th c.), ad. L. debilitas, f. débili-s weak.]
AYNOLD
eakenith,
. The condition of being weak or feeble; weak- |
ness, infirmity ; want of strength ; esp. that condi-
tion of the body in which the vital functions gener-
ally are feebly discharged.
1484 Caxton sof v. xii, The grete feblenesse and de-
bylyte of thy lene body. 1494 Fasyan Chron. vn. 556 For
his feblenesse or debylyte of age. 1545 Raynotp Byrth
Mankynde Hh vij, To help the debilite of nature with
cupping 1 Homilies 11. Idleness (1859) 517 By
reason of age, debility of body, or want of health.
Butwer A nthropomet. 105 By reason of the debility of his
stomack. 1748 Anson's Voy. ut. iv. 331 After full three
hours ineffectual labour .. the men being quite jaded, we
were obliged, by mere debility, to desist. 1867 KinGsLey
Lett. (1878) 11. 260 With the cure of stammering, nervous
debility decreases. 1879 Hartan Lyesight vi. 89 After
long illness, the muscle of accommodation shares the de-
bility of the whole system.
+b. ess of a material structure. Ods.
1563-87 Foxe A. §& M. (1596) 247/1 Either the de-
bilitie of the bridge, or subtiltie of is pc bing 3000 of
them with bridge and all fell armed into the violent
stream.
2. Weakness in a mental or moral quality.
1474 Caxton Chesse 65 For the debylite and fe of
corage. 1g0a Ord. Crysten Men \W. de W. 1506) Iv. xi.
17 After the eure of fragylyte humayne. 1758 H.
atpoLte Catal. Roy. Authors de 9) Il. 219 This Lord
had much debility of mind, and 2 Kind of su itious
scruples, 1805 Foster ss, u. iv. 176 This
[-Inc2.] That debili-
bility of | is alwayes
DEBITOR.
. 1818 Cruise Digest
(ed. 2) I. 139 Which B. could not have for the lity of
rance.
+4. (with f/.) An instance of weakness. Obs.
@ 1533 Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) E viij,
The open honestee supplyeth many fautes tar A ale
1654 tr. Scudery's Curia Pol. 61 to us from
humane passions, and the debilities of Nature. 1825
T. Jerrerson Autobiog. Wks. 1859 1. 82 Among the de-
bilities of the government of the Confederation.
b. Astrol. Of a planet: A weakness or dimi-
nution of influence due to unfavourable position, etc.
—_ Litty Chr. Astrol. To Rdr. 2, I would have him
..well to understand’the Debilities and Fortitudes of every
Planet. 1706 Prius (ed.. Kersey) s.v., Debilities are
either Essential, when a Planet is in its Detriment, Fall,
or Peregrine; or Accidental, when it is in the 12th, 8th, or
6th Houses; or Combust, etc. So that by each of those
Circumstances, a Planet is more or less , and said
to have so many or so few Debilities.
+ Debind, v. nonce-wd. [Dr-1.1.] To bind
down. (Put by Scott into the mouth of Baron
Bradwardine.)
1814 Scott Wav, xli, A prisoner of war is on no account
to be coerced with fetters, or debinded in exgastu/do.
Debit (debit), ss. Forms: (5 dubete), 6 de-
bitte, debette, 6-7 debet, 8- debit. [ad. L.
débit-um owed, due, sb,adebt. Cf. F. débit (1723
in Hatzfeld). In early use app. a further latiniza-
tion of debte, from earlier dette, det: see DEBT.]
+1. gen. Something that is owed, a debt. Ods.
c 1450 Paston Lett. xlix. 1.61 Of certein dubete that I owe
unto you. 1535 Plumpton cere cxxi, Be ly worth over
all charges or debittes. 1547 Ludlow Churchw.Acc.(Camden)
32 Parcelle of the debet that the churche restede in his
dett. 1598 R. Quiney Let. to Shaks. in Leopold Shaks.
Introd. ro5 In helpeing me out of all the debettes I owe
in London. 1614 T. Apams Devil's Banguet 108 The
Deuill tyes his Customers in the bond of Debets.
2. Book-keeping. An entry in an account of a sum
of money owing; an item so entered. b. The
whole of these items collectively; that side of an
account (the left-hand side) on which debits are
entered. (Opposed to CrEvIT sé, 12.)
1 Trial of Nundocomar 15/2 There are debits and
credits between them in Bolankee Doss’s books to a great
amount. 1868, 1889 [see Crepit sé, 12). 1872 Bacrnor
Physics & Pol. (1876) 189 There is a most heavy debit of
pes § Mod. This has been placed to your debi
b. attrib., as debit-entry, -side (of an account).
1976 Trial of Nundocomar 83/2 The debit side of my
master's account. 1887 Pall Mail G. 8 June 12/1 The
year’s operations show a debit balance of £ 42,000. :
Debit (debit), v. [f. Deprr sé. Cf. F. débiter
(1723 in Hatzfeld).]
1. trans. To ch with a debt ; to enter some-
thing to the debit of (a person).
1682 ScarLetr £-xci 203 He must and may debit the
Principal for the said Value. 1 Tucker Lt. Nat.
(1852) I. 621 Accounts are regularly kept, and every man
debited or credited for the least farthing he takes out or
brings in. 1809 R. Lancrorp /ntrod. le 26, I have
debited r account with Lire 5000 Austriache.
Times XCIV. 105/1 The bank were not entitled to debit the
plaintiffs with the amount paid on the said cheques.
2. To charge as a debt; to enter on the debit
side of an account.
1865 Miss Brappon 1. Dundar i. 10 Pay the money, but
don’t debit it against his lordship. fod. To whom is it to
be debited?
+ Debite, sd. Obs. Also § debet, -ete, 5-6
debyte. (A corruption of Depute: cf. Desiry.]
ieutenant.
Trnvace Acts xxiii. 24 Felix t 1535 Cover-
pate Dan. ii. 15 Arioch being the Kynges debyte.
1549 ALLEN Jude's Par. Rev. 26 The vycar debyte of
+ Debite, a. Obs. rare. [ad.L. débit-us owed,
due: cf. Dest.] That is owed or due,
1678 Gate Crt. Zes 111. 5 Sin, as to its formal cause,
is..a privation of debite perfection.
+ Debitor. Ots. Also 5 debytour. [a. OF.
débitor (14th c.), débiteur, ad. L. débitor, agent-n.
f. débére to owe. Débitor, -eur, was in French a
learned term, the popular and proper F. form being
dettor, -ur,-eur: see Destor. In debitor
Caxton C
rh gah (title), A profitable Treatyce | .. the
kepyng the famouse reconynge, called in
Habere, and in Engl
ForD Scales Comm, 209 By Debitor or Debitors in a Mer-
is understood
chants <1 the account wa _——_ or
and.. ‘received, or the Receiver
ap heap oo Debitor. . oar. Harvey Curing Dis. by
DEBITORY.
Expect, i,2 The Physician .. doth commonly .. insinuate,
that the Patient is Debitor for his Life. 1795 Wytnr Decis.
Virginia 15 A debitor who oweth money on several accounts.
attrib, 1588 J. Metis Briefe Instr. Cv, This Debitor
side of your Leager. ;
+Debitory. Ols. rare. [f. L. débit-us owed,
debitor debtor: see -oRY.] A statement or item
of debt.
1575 Richmond. Wills (Surtees) 259 Inventorie of all the
‘oodes and cattells of Sir Edmond Smissons..Summa, vj!‘,
The debitorie. William Wormley for tithes xv'-x¢ Dame
Wormley, xx‘, 1580 W7lls § Juv. N.C. (Surtees) I. 432 The
Resydewe of all my goodes. .as well as all debitoryes tome
Owinge, I doe geue and Bequeithe vnto my Sonne,
+De'bitrice. Ods.rare—1. [a. F. débitrice
(16th c.), fem. of débiteur, ad. L. déitrix, -icen,
fem. of déitor.] A female debtor.
1588 J. Metis Briefe Instr. Fv b, And if [you buy] for
ready money, make Creditrice the stocke, and Debitrice the
shoppe. ;
Debitumenize, -ation: see De- II. 1.
+ Debity. O%s. In 5 -te, 5-6 -tee, 6 -tie, -tey,
-bytie, -ty. Corruption of Deputy: cf. DrBITE.
1467 Mann. & Househ. Exp. 170, I was my lordes debyte
at is dessyre. 1475 Bk. Noblesse (1860) 72 Hir debitees or
commissioneris, 1535 CoverpaLe Esther i. 3 The Debities
and rulers of his countrees. 1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par.
Acts ix. 38 The Lieftenaunt of the citie, who was the debytie
of King Aretas. 1559 Mirr. Mag., Yack Cade xxiii, Lieu-
tenauntes or debities in realmes.
|| Déblai (deble). Fort? [Fr., vbl. sb. f. déblayer
for déblaer, in OF. desblaer, f. des-:—L. dis- + b1é
(:—dlad, blat) wheat: orig. to clear from corn,
hence to clear of any mass of material.] (See
quot.)
1853 StocquEter Milit. Encycl., Deblai, the hollow space
or excavation formed by removing earth for the construction
of parapets in fortification. ‘Thus, the ditch or fosse whence
the earth has been taken represents the dés/az.
Deblat, var. of DaBLET Ods., little devil.
1473 Ld. Treas. Acc. Scotl, 1, 68 Item to thare ij deblatis
«xx Ss. 1494 /bid. 239.
Debla‘terate,v. rare. [f. L. déblaterare trans.,
to prate of, blab out, f. Dr- I. 3 + d/aterare to
prate.] zxtr, To prate. (affected.)
1623 Cockeram, Dedlaterate, to babble much. 1893 R.L.
Stevenson in Brit. Weekly 27 Apr. 6 Those who deblaterate
against missions have only one thing to do, to come and see
them on the spot,
Hence Debla‘teration.
1817 Blackw. Mag. I. 470 (Caricaturing Sir ‘T, Urquhart),
Quisquiliary deblaterations.
f Debla-ze, v. Obs. rave—'. [f. DE+ + Buazev.]
=next,
1640 Vorke's Union Hon. Commend. Verses, Who weare
gay Coats, but can no Coat deblaze.
+ Debla‘zon, v. Os. [f. Dz-+Buazon: cf.
depict, describe.] = BLAZON v. (in various senses).
1621 Bratuwait Nat. Embass. (1877) 34 Now more amply
meane I to deblazon the forlorne condition of these vnnatural
maisters, 1630 — Eng. Gentlem. (1641) 33 They no sooner
became great, than they deblazoned their own thoughts.
1631 — Whimzies, Traveller 92 Cities hee deblazons as if he
were their herald.
Hence + Debla‘zoning ///. a.
1640 Yorke’s Union Hon. Commend. Verses, Those Coat-
* deblaz’ning Windowes.
+Deblerie. 0ds.—' [a. OF. deablerie, now
diablerie, {. diable devil.] prop. Demoniacal pos-
session: but in quot. transl. a L. word meaning
* demon’,
a 1325 Prose Psalter cv[i]. 34 Hij sacrifiden her sones and
her douters to debleries [dzmoniis].
Deblet: see DaBier.
De:blocka'de. vare. [Dr- II. 2.] The re-
moval of a blockade.
, 1871 Daily News 5 Jan., General Trochu. . having formed
in his own mind a plan for the deblockade of Paris.
Deboach, -boash, obs. forms of DEBAUCH.
Deboichee, -ery, Deboicht, -ness: see Dr-
BAUCHEE, -ERY, DEBOIST, -NESS.
+ Deboi'se, v. Ods. Also 7 deboyst, -boish,
-boysh. [A by-form of debosh Dupaucu, with
which it is connected by various intermediate
forms: see Desoist Zf/.a. The phonetic history
is not clear.] |
1. reft. To leave one’s employment ; to take re-
creation. [=F. se débaucher, Littré. ]
1633 J; Done Hist. Septuagint 44 Worke-men .. whom
hee helde so close to their businesse that hee would not
give them any leasure to deboyst themselves nor to idle
sport by no meanes.
2. ¢vans. To corrupt morally ; to deprave by sen-
suality; =DEBAUCH v. 2. Also fig.
1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes u. i. 35 Wicked wretch as
Tam, to be at such a late houre deboysing my selfe. 1654
Z. Coxe Logick (1657) A iij b, Corruption of manners. .doth
deboish a people. 1656 in Burn Poor Laws (1764) 47 They
do make it their trade. .to cheat, deboyst [?deboyse], cozen,
and deceive the young gentry. 1662 J. Davizs Olearius’
Voy. Ambass. 333 To make a temperate use of the Philosophy
of Aristotle. .not deboysting himself.
3. To spend prodigally; to squander; = Dr-
BAUCH 7%. 5.
1632 QuarLes Div. Fancies mm. Ixxv. (1664), One part to
cloath our pride, Another share we lavishly deboise To vain,
or sinful joyes.
Vou. III.
81
+ Deboi'se, @. O/s. [Corruption of Drnorsr :
cf. DEBAUCH a.] = next.
1632 Ranpoipn Yealous Lovers ut. hi, The deboisest
Roarers inthe citie. 1644 BuLWeR Chzvon. 34 One Polemon
a deboyse young man. 1667-9 BuTLer Rev. (1759) II. 205
(A clown) All the worst Names that are given to Men.. as
Villain, Deboyse, Peasant, &c.
+ Deboi'st, A//. a. (sb.) Obs. Forms: 7 de-
boist, -oyst ; -oysed; -ost(e; -oished, -oisht,
-oyshed, -oysht, -oicht. [By-form of De-
BAUCHED: cf. DEBOISE vb.]
1. =DerBaucuen.
1604 [see Depoistty]. 1612 WoopaLt Surg. Alate Pref.
Wks. (1653) 18 A general deboist and base kind of habit.
1622 F, Marxuam B&. Mart. viii. 31 Froathy, base and de-
boysed Creatures. 1626 L. Owen Sfec. Yesuit. (1629) 63
A very wicked, deboysht, and prophane man. 1639 R
Junius Siz Stigmatized 320(T) Our debauched drunkards,
and deboyshed swearers. @1657 W. Braprorp Plymouth
Plant. u. (1856) 240 This wicked and deboste crue. 1694
Crowne Married Beau 1. 27 Stand off, you base, un-
worthy, false, deboist man. 1722 Sewet Hist. Quakers
(2795) 1. 217 Knowing him to be a deboist fellow.
. Damaged. (Cf. DEBAUCH z. 4.)
1641 Heywoop Priest Fudge §& Patentee, The price of
French and Spanish wines are raisd How ever in their
worth deboyst and craisd.
3. Used as a sé. =DEBAUCHEE.
1657 R. Licon Bardbadoes (1673) 21 For one woman that
dyed, there were ten men; and the men were the greater
deboystes.
Hence Deboi'stly adv., Deboi’stness.
1604 T. Wricut Passions 1. iii. § 3. 74 A multitude of
Passions .. breake out debostly. 1628 Prynne Love-lockes
34 Licentiousnesse, Deboistnesse, and the like. 1647
R. Starytton ¥uvenal 148 Nero's cruelty and deboich't-
nesse. 167% IWVestm. Drollery 78 Yell me no more that
long hair can Argue deboistness in a man.
+ Deborlish, v. Ods. [Cf. DE-aBoLisH and DE-
II. 1.]_ ¢vans. 'To demolish, sweep away.
1615 G. Sanpys 7rav. 214 The passage was soon after
debolished by assaulting seas.
Debonair, -bonnaire (de:biné1), a. (sd.)
Forms: 3-4 debonere, 4 -eir(e, -ure, 4-5 -ar,
4-6 -er, -ayr(e, 6 Sc. -are, 4- debonaire, 5—
debonair, (7-9 debonnaire, 8-9 debonnair).
[a. OF. debonatre, prop. a phrase de bonne aire
(11th c.) of good disposition. Very common in
ME., but obsolescent from the 16th c., and now a
literary archaism, often assimilated in spelling to
mod.F. débonnaire.]
A. adj. + a. Of gentle disposition, mild, meek ;
gracious, kindly; courteous, affable (ods.); b.
Pleasant and affable in outward manner or ad
dress; often in mod. quots. connoting gaiety of
heart.
a1225 Ancr. R. 186 Auh pet debonere child hwon hit is
ibeaten, 3if be ueder hat hit, cussed pe 3erd. 1297 R.
Guovuc. (1724) 167 So large he was & so hende, & al so de
bonere. /dzd. 374 To hem, pat wolde hys wylle do, de-
bonere he was & mylde. c¢1374 CHaucerR Boeth. 1. v. 22
Zepherus pe deboneire wynde. c1385 — L.G. IV”. 276 So
‘ood, so faire, so debonayre. 1375 Barpour Bruce 1. 362
yss, curtaiss, and deboner. ihe Wycur Leclus. v. 13
Be thou debonere to here the wrd of God. ¢ 1430 Lyne.
Chichev, & Bycorne, Pacient wyfes debonayre, Whiche to
her husbondes be nat contrayre. 1545 RayNnotp Byrth
Mankynde Prol. (1634) 6 By honest, sober, debonnaire and
gentle manners. 1590 SPENSER F. Q. 1. ii. 23 Was fheuer
Prince so meeke and debonaire. 1685 EvELyn Mem. (1857)
II. 216 He was a prince of many virtues, and many great
imperfections: debonaire, easy of access. 1707 CoLLirr
Refi. Ridic. 379 He has too debonair and free a Deport-
ment with the Women. 1782 Cowper Zable 7. 236 The
Frenchman, easy, debonair, and brisk. 182 Mar. Epcr-
worTH Vivian ii, In spite of his gay and debonair man-
ner, he looked old. 1843 Lytton Last of Barons 1. vi,
She became so vivacious, so debonnair,so charming. 1847
Disraewt Zancred u. xvi, A carriage a degree too debonair
for his years.
B. sb. +1. [the adj. used adso/.] Gracious being
or person. Ods.
¢ 1366 Cuaucer A. B. C.6 Help and releeue thou mihti
debonayre. 1393 Gower Conf, III. 192 Trajan the worthy
debonaire, By whom that Rome stood governed.
+2. Graciousness of manner; = DEBONAIRTY.
1697 Evetyn Nusmism. ix. 305 A serious Majesty attem-
see with such strokes of Debonaire, as won Love and
everence. 1748 RicHARDSON Clarissa Wks. 1883 IV. 185
Shall my vanity extend only to personals, such as the
gracefulness of dress, my debonnaire, and my assurance.
Debonairly, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly*.] Ina
debonair manner; meekly, gently, graciously,
affably, etc. ; see the adj.
cr Cursor M. 23872 (Edin.) He pat can mar pan
encper, debonerlik [v.77. de-bonerli, debonerly] .. teche his
bro} ©1350 Will, Palerne 730 Mi hauteyn hert bi-houes
me to chast, And bere me debonureli, ¢ 1386 CHaucer
Melib. P 98 Whan dame Prudence, ful debonerly and with
gret pacience, hadde herd al that hir housbonde liked for
toseye. ¢1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode t. xi. (1869) 37, Lam
..thilke that debonairliche suffreth al pacientlich. 1483
Caxton Cato Gviij b, Thou oughtest to bere and suffre
debonayrlye the wordes of thy bias 1597 Torte Alba
Introd.(1880) p.xxvii, Hoping your Honour will..debonairly
accept of these trifles. 1633 Forp Zove’s Sacr. u. i, Your
apparel sits about you most debonairly. 1785 H. WALroLe
Lett. C’tess Ossory 11. 214 My hand, you see, Madam, has
obeyed you very debonairly. 1849 C. Bronte Shirley
viii, ‘Good morning, Mr. Barraclough,’ said Moore, de-
bonairly.
.
DEBOSHED.
Debonai'rness. [f. as prec. + -ness.] The
quality of being debonair: see the adj.
1382 Wycuir Ps. xliv. [xlv.] 5 For treuthe, and deboner-
nesse, and riztwisnesse. 1 H. More Adyst. Inig. 548
That there should be all Kindness, Condescending, Be-
nignity and Debonairness in them. 1753 RicHARDSON
Grandison (1810) VI. xxxi. 213, From whom can spirits,
can cheerfulness, can debonnairness be expected, if not
froma good man? 1768 STERNE Sent. Yourn. (1778) Il.
42 With all the gaiety and debonairness in the world.
+ Debonai‘rship. Ods. rare—'. [f. as prec.
+ -SHIP.] =next,
a1240 Wohunge in Cott. [om. 275 Penne pi deboneir-
schipe mai make pe eihwer luued.
+ Debonai‘rty, debona‘rity. Ovs. Forms:
3-5 debonerte, -airte, 4 -eirete, 4-5 -airete, 5
-ertee, -ayrte(e, -airty, -arte, -arete, 6 debon-
nairetie, 6-7 debonaritie, 7 -airitie, -ty, -arety,
-erity, -arity. [ME., a. OF. debonaireté, -eretié
13th c.), f. debonatre: see -ty. Debonarity is a
later assimilation to the type of s¢mdlartty, etc.]
Debonair character or disposition; mildness,
gentleness, meckness; graciousness, kindness ;
courtesy, affability.
a@1225 Ancr. KR, 390 Puruh his debonerté, luue hefde
ouerkumen hine. a1240 Wohunge in Cott. Hot, 269 De-
bonairte of herte. ¢1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. ? 466 This Ire
is with deboneirete and it is wrop withoute bitternes. ¢ 1430
Pilgr. Lyf Manhode i. liit. (1869) 163 ‘This cometh. .of
youre debonayrtee. 1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W.
1495) 1. 209 a/2 Pacyence, humylyte, debonarete, & wylle-
full obedyence. 1600 Hottanp Livy xu. xlvi. 1089 The
goodnature and debonaritie [ facidztas] of the two Censors.
1637 Bastwick Litany u. 3 A Prince of surpassing de-
bonerity. @ 1677 Barrow Sermz. (1687) I. viii. 95 he chear-
full debonairity expressed therein. 1688 Br. S. Parker
Eng. Reasons Abrogating Test 2 He quickly repents
him of that Debonarity.
+ Debona-rious, a. Obs. rave—'. [f. DEBONAIR
after words in -ardous, f. L. -artus, V. -atre.] =
DEBONAIR ; cf. next.
1485 Dighy Myst. (1882) m1. 447 Your debonarius obe-
dyauns ravyssyt me to trankquelyte !
+ De-bonary, a. Oés. [f. DEBoNAIR after words
in -ARY, an alteration of F. -azve, e.g. ordinarre,
ordinary.) = DEBONAIR.
1402 Hoccieve Letter of Cupid 347 They [women] ben. .
ful of humylite, Shamefaste, debonarieandamyable. ¢ 1430
Lypc. Bochas (1558) . v. 8 To her declaring with reasons
debonary [s7e tary]. 1630 Tinker of Turvey 46 Of a
comely visage, courteous, gentle and debonary.
Deborrd, v. ?0ds. Also 7 deboard, Sc. de-
boird. [a. F. débord-er, in 15-16th c. deshorder,
f. des-:—L. dis- (DE- I. 6) + dord border.]
1. intr. Of a body of water: ‘To pass beyond its
borders or banks, to overflow.
1632 Litucow 77az. vi. 316 As the Water groweth in the
River, and so from it debording. /éd. 317 Violent streames
do ever deface, transplant, and destroy all that they debord
upon, 1635 Person Marieties 1. 24 Such as aske, why the
Sea doth never debord. 1859 R. F. Burton in Frnd. Geog.
Soc. XXIX. 194 A wide expanse .. over which the stream
when in flood debords to a distance of two miles.
+2. fig. To go out of bounds, deviate; to go
beyond bounds, go to excess. Ods.
¢1620 Z. Boyp Zion's Flowers (1855) 77 That hence I
from my duety not debord. @ 1658 Duruam Jen Cov-
mandm, (1675) 362 (Jam.) It is a wonder that men should
take pleasure to deboard in their cloathing. 1671 77a
Nonconf. 401 Debording from common methods, a 1678
Woovouean Holy Living (1688) 113 Least .. your passions
sometimes debord where you would not have them.
Hence Debo'rding 74/. sb. =next.
1635 Person Varieties u. 66 Great debording of waters.
1652 Urquuart Zewel Wks. (1834) 225 Too great proness to
such like debordings and youthful emancipations.
+Debo'rdment. Os. [a. F. déboritement, f.
déborder: see prec. and -MENT.] Going beyond
bounds, excess.
1603 FLorio Montaigne i. ix. (1632) 540 Against the
ignorance and debordement of Magistrates. 1646 H. Law-
RENCE Comm, Angelis 88 The debordments and excesses of
no beasts are so great as those of mankind. 1659 GAUDEN
Tears of Church 214 To cleanse it of all those debordments
and debasements faln upon Christian Religion.
Debosh, -bosche, obs. or arch. f. DEBAUCH.
Debo'shed, #//. a. Also 7 debosht. An
early variant of DEBAUCHED, representing the pro-
nunciation of F. débauché; connected with the
main form by debaushed, debausht. Obs. in Eng.
before the middle of 17th c.; retained longer
in Scotch; revived by Scott, and now frequent in
literary English, with somewhat vaguer sense than
debauched.
1599 James I BaotA, Awpor (1603) 110 Quer superfluous
like a deboshed waister. 1605 SHaxs. Lear 1. iv. 263 Men
so disorder’d, so debosh’d, and bold. 1624 Hrywoop
Gunatk. u. 16 One Herostratus, a wicked and debosht
fellow. 1637-50 Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 358 Ignorant and
debosht ministers are tolerated. 1826 Scotr Woodst. iii,
Swash-bucklers, deboshed revellers, bloody brawlers. 1859
Kincstey Plays § Purit. Misc. I. 109 An utterly de-
boshed, insincere, decrepit, and decaying age. 1867 LoweLL
Biglow P, Ser. u. 55 Many deboshed younger, brothers
of..good families may have sought refuge in Virginia.
Deboshee, -ery, -ment, obs. ff, DEBAUCHEE,
etc. Debost(e: see DEBoIsT. ‘
11
DEBOUCH.
Debouch (dibi{, debzf),v. Also debouche.
[mod. a. F. débouche-r, in 17th e. desboucher, OF.
desbouchier (13th c.), f. dé-:—des-, L. dis- (see DE-
I. 6) + bouche mouth. Cf. It. sdoccare ‘to mouth
or fall into the sea as a river’ (Florio).]
1. Milit. (intr.) To issue from a narrow or con-
fined place, as a defile or a wood, into open country;
hence ge. to issue or emerge from a narrower into
a wider place or space.
(1665 Evetyn Mem. (1857) III. 161 We have hardly any
words that do so fully express the French. .exnui, bizarre,
débouche .. Let us therefore .. make as many of these do
homage as are like to prove good citizens.) 1 Lond.
Mag. XXIX. 177 We saw the column of infantry de-
bouching into Minden plain. 1812 Examiner 24 Aug.
53y/2 ‘These two companies gave the .. cavalry time to
lebouche. 1813 [bid. 7 June 355/2 General Bertrand ..
appearing to intend detouching from Jaselitz upon the
enemy’s right. 1840 Barna /ngol. Leg.. Leech of Folke-
stone (1877) 370 The travellers de’
uched on the open plain
on Aldington Frith. Jig. 1839 Times 4 Oct., Mr.
Labouchere debouches upon the cabinet. 7
2. transf. Of a ravine, river, etc.: To issue as at
a mouth or outlet into a wider place or space.
1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales 1. 168 This little stream
that debouches from the lake. 1850 B. Taytor Eldorado xxii.
(1862) 236 The ravine finally debouched upon the river at the
Middle Bar. 1878 H. M. Stantey Dark Cont. I. viii. 167
Nakidino Creek, into which an important stream debouches,
3. trans. (causal). To lead forth into open ground;
to provide an outlet for.
1745 Duncan Forses in Ellis Orig. Lett. u. 1V. 355 No
more than a hundred and fifty or a hundred and sixty of
the Mackenzies have been debouched. 1844 W. H. Max-
WELL Sorts & Adv. Scotl. xxiii. (1855) 190 Huge outlets
which débouche the waters.
Debou'ch, s3. vave. Also debouche. [f. prec.
vb.] =next (sense 1).
82
+ Debrea‘k, v. Ods. rare. [f. De- I. 1+ Break
v.] trans. To break down (transl. L. decerpere).
1382 Wycur Mark i. 26 The onclene goost ——-
[v.7. to-braydynge, 1388 debreidynge, to-breidinge} hym,
and cryinge with grete vois.
|| Debris, debris (debri, da-bri, debr7)._ [F.
débris, vbl. sb. from obs. débriser (Cotgr.), OF. de-
brisier : see next.] The remains of anything broken
down or destroyed; ruins, wreck: a. orig. (in
Eng.) fig.; b. in Geol. applied to any accumula-
tion of loose material arising from the waste of
rocks ; also to drifted accumulation of vegetable or
animal matter (Page) ; thence, ¢. any similar rub-
bish formed by destructive operations.
= Cottier Eccl. Hist. 1. a.v. 685 To retire with the
debris of thearmy. 1735 Swirt Lett. to Dk. of Dorset, Your
Grace is now disposing of the debris of two bishoprics. 1778
H. Watrore Let. to W. Mason 18 July, The best they can
hope for, is to sit down with the débris of an empire.
1802 Prayrair /llustr. Hutton. Th. 363 A temporary re-
ceptacle for the debris of the Alps. 1849 Murcuison Si
luria xiv. 356 The débris of the ancient rocks. 1851
D. Witson Preh, Ann. (2863) II. 11. iii. 105 Accumulated
rubbish and debris. 1! e1kie Hist. Boulder ix. 176
The sandstone cliffs..are battered down and their debris
carried out to sea. 1885 Act 48-9 Vict. c. 39 § 5 The sani-
tary authority shall remove the same and all foundations,
débris, and other materials.
Debruise (d/br7z),v. Forms: 3-8 debruse,
4 debrise, 7- debruise. [a. ONF. debruisier,
debrusier = OF .debrisier, to break downor in pieces,
crush, f. de- (De- I. 1) + brister to BREAK.)
+1. ‘rans. To break down, break in pieces, crush,
smash. Ods.
1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 298 Hii..stenede hym wypb stones
As me stenede Seynt Steuene, and debrusede ys bones.
| a 1300 Fragm. Pop. Sc.(Wright) 178 Tho oure Louerd. .de-
1813 Examiner 7 June 354/2 Fortified rising points, which |
defended the debouches from the Spree. /ézd. 3 May 274/2
‘The debouch from the Hartz. 1823 Soutuey “ist. Penins.
War 1. 696 The debouches of Villarcayo, Orduiia, and
Munguia.
|| Débouché (debwfe). [Fr.: f. déboucher (see
above).]
1. Milt. An opening where troops debouch or
may debouch ; gez. a place of exit, outlet, opening. |
1760 Lond. Mag. XX1X. 171 The
particular notice of the nine Debouché's, by which the army
enerals will take |
may advance to form in the plain of Minden. 1813 |
WeELuincTon in Gurw. Desp. (1838) X. 545 Desirable to
obtain possession of the débouchés of the mountains to-
wards Vera. 1857 J. W. Croker Ess. Fr. Rev. iv. 202
(Stanf.) One gate, as an additional débouché for the crowd.
2. fig. An opening, outlet, or market for goods.
1846 WorcESTER cites Rawson.
Debou'chment. Also debouchement. [a.
¥. débouchement, {. déboucher (see DEBOUCH 2.) +
-MENT.]
1. Ait. The action or fact of debouching.
1827 J. F. Coorer Prairie II. iii. 44 To unravel the
mystery of so sudden a debouchement from the cover.
1871 Daily News 19 Sept., The debouchment of Stephen-
son’s brigade through the railway arch.
2. The mouth or outlet of a river, a pass, etc.
1859 Burton Centr. Afr. in Frnl. Geog. Soc. XXIX. 42
The coast..presents but three debouchments that deserve
the name of rivers. a
Debouchure (debwfi-r). [In form, French, f.
déboucher to DEBoucH + -URE; but this sense is
not Fr.] = DEBoUCHMENT 2, EMBOUCHURE I.
1844 KincLake Eothen xii. (1878) 168 Towards the de-
bouchure of the river. 1890 Spectator 11 Jan. 41 Thence
two railways would connect her with Zanzibar and the
debouchure of the Zambesi.
Debourse, var. of DEBURSE.
+ Debou't, v. Olds. [a. F. débouter, in OF. de-
boter (10th c.), f. de- (De- I. 2) + bouter, OF. boter
to push.] /vans. To thrust out, expel, oust.
1619 Time's Storehouse 208 (L.) Not able enough to de-
bout them out of their sessions. 1644 Hume Hist#,
Ho, Douglas 264 (Jam.) His fraud was detected..and he
debouted, and put from that authority.
+ Debouttement. Oés. [a. OF. debotement,
déboutement, f. débouter: see prec. and -MENT.] A
thrusting forth, expulsion.
1481 Caxton Myrr. 11. xxviii. 121 Deboutemens and
brekyng out of wyndes that mete aboue the clowdes.
+ Debow’el, v. Ods. [Dx- II. 2.] =Dissowet,
disembowel.
fr § Heeroma Bruce xx. 285 He debowalit wes clenly,
An wimyt syne full rychly. 1513 Douctas 4neis w. ii.
25 The beistis costis, as thai debowalit wer. a 1547 SuRREY
‘neid 1. 80 With giftes that day, and beastes Shostea.
Deboyse, deboyst, var. DEBoIsE Ods.
+Debrai‘d, v. Obs. rare. In 4-5 debreyd.
f. De- I. 1 + Brarp v,1 3 to snatch.] To snatch
own (rendering L. decerpere).
1388 [see Depreak).
tDebra‘nch, v. Obs. rare. [ad. F. desbranch-
ir (Palsgr. & Cotgr.), or desbranche-r (15-16th c.
Godef.), f. dé-, des- (De- I. 6) + branche branch.]
trans. To deprive of branches, to lop. Hence De-
branching v/. si.
1601 Hoitanp Pliny I. 538 After such pruning and de-
branching.
brusede helle 3ates. 1382 Wyciir £zek. xxxiv. 27 Whan I
shal debrise the chaynes of her 30c. 1618 M. Datton
Countrey Fustice 195 Though it were lawfull to make the
trenches, and to debruse the Nusans [a Weare on the
‘Trent).
+b. intr. To be dashed to pieces. Ods.
I R. Grovuc. (1724) 288 Pe flor to brac vnder hem..
And bik velle and debrusede somme anon to debe. /did.
4 He hupte & debrusede, & deide in an stounde.
. Her. (trans.) To cross (a charge, esp. an
animal) with an ordinary so as partially to hide it,
and as it were press it down; usually in pa. fie.
Debruised; also said of a serpent so bent or
‘folded’ that its head or tail is partly covered by
its body. Counter-debrutsed: see quot. 1830.
1572 BossEwELL Armorie 11. 114 His fielde is de Argent,
a Lyon salient Gules, debrused with a Barre de Azure.
1661 Morcan Sfh. Gentry u. i. 10 Composed of the two |
bodies of trees laid crosse each other: but then one must
Debruse and bear down the other. 1830 Rosson Brit.
Herald M11. Gloss., Counter-debruised, when either the
head or tail of a serpent in the bowing or embowing, is
turned under, ina contrary direction the one to the other.
1848 Macaucay Hist. Engl. 1. 252 He .. exhibited on his
escutcheon the lions of England and the lilies of France
without the baton sinister under which, according to the
law of heraldry, they were debruised in token of his ille-
gitimate birth.
De-brutalize: see De- II. 1.
Debt (det), s4. Forms: 3-4 dete, 3-6 dette, 4-6
dett, det, deytt(e, 5-7 debte, 7- debt. [ME.
det, dette, a. OF. dete, dette :—pop. L. *debita for
L. débitum (pa. pple. of débére to owe), lit. (that
which is) owed or due, money owed, debt. Often
made masce, in OF. after dedztum, and from 13th
to 16th c. sometimes artificially spelt dedte, after
which debt has become the English spelling since
the 16th c.]
1. That which is owed or due; anything (as
money, goods, or service) which one person is
under obligation to pay or render to another: a.
a sum of mecer a material thing.
a@ 1300 Cursor M. 7642 Dauid .. wightli wan o — his
dete (v.77. dette, dett]. ¢ 1380 Wycuir Sed. Wks. LIL. 293
3if a trewe man —— pore man to paie his dettis. 14..
Merchant & Son in Halliw. Nugw Poet. 28 Then le sea
— hys fadur dettys. 1 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer
ices 20 To declare his debtes, what he oweth. 1559
Mirr. Mag., Dk. Glocester xxiii, To paye large vsury
besides the due det. 1596 Suaxs. Tam. Shr. ww. iv. 24
Hauing com to Padua To gather in some debts. 1707
Hearne Collect, 23 Aug., To pay his small debts. 1767
Brackstone Comm, 11. 464 A debt of record is a sum of
money, which appears to be due by the evidence of a court
ape oan 1845 pre Lew Bae: ii. s65 eee
is sul toa iability to pay a sum of money to
another, he is Saat owe him a debt to that amount. r.
b. a thing immaterial.
c * . Cursor M. 27808 (Cotton Galba) Rightwis es he, to
if ilk man hisdet. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Wife's Prof. 130 y
SI —_ fate in hir ——— — a — yelde
to his ire dette. ¢1400 Destr, Troy 534 This curtysy
he claymes as clere det. 1754 RicHarpson Grandison
II. xxxv. 343 Look upon what is done for you ,. as your
Miller's Dan, 217
debt to.. ce. 1832 TENNYSON
Love the is love the debt.
+e. t which one is bound or ought to do;
(one’s) duty. Sc. Ods.
¢ 1480 HoLLanp How/at 135 The trewe Turtour has. . Done
dewlie his det. ¢ Henry Wallace vin. 546 It is my dett
to do all that I can To fend our kynrik out off dangeryng.
| daunger they be not.
| the debt of other men, and well able to pay.
(1632) 5 Being ouer h
DEBT.
Dovctas Aineis 1x. iii. 184 So douchtely we schaype
adie det. Sat. veces Refer xxxix. 319, I haue
lang for3et, Le indeld I hens ome ine anes as
2. A liability or obligation to pay or render
something ; the condition of being under such obli-
gation.
250/345 He —e pe
was to
he.. + fg chair dette tone.
to hym that worchith mede is not
but bi dette. 1513 More in Grafton Chron. -
Sieve
1388
a privilege that it shall disc’ aman of his debtes beyng
= to pay. ¢1532 Dewes /xtrod. Fr. in Palsgr. 1064,
ve
something to him; indebted to him. So out of
debt, out of any one's debt; to fall or run into (or in
debt; out of debt out of danger: see DANGER, and
cf. quot. 1551.
1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 462 ‘pat dint’, he seyd, ‘ was iuel
sett. Wele schal y com out of pi dett.’ cx386 Cuaucer Prol.
280 Ther wiste no man that he [the Marchaunt] was in
dette. 1393 Lancu. P. P/. C. xxi. 10 Ne neuere shal falle
in dette. 1478 Paston Lett. No. 824 LI. 237 For he seythe
ye be xxts in hys dette. 1513 More in Grafton Chron. I.
770 Now unthriftes riott and runne in debt. 1§51 Rosin-
son tr. More's Utop. u. (Arb.) 104 Men, in whose debte and
1568 Grarton Chron. Il. 434 Out of
1615 Sir E.
Hosy Curry-combe 215, 1 see you meane not to die in
Jabals debt for an con poy a 1624 Br. M. Smitn Serm.
and eares in debt. 1745 De Foe's
Eng. Tradesman vi. (1841) 1,39 They are under no neces-
sity of running deep into debt. 1763 Gent. tig 331
The black traders are often in debt to the chiefs, 1812 i
EpcEwortu Absentee xiv, Clonbrony, for the first
time since he left Ireland, found himself out of debt, and out
of danger. 1845 Disraei Syéi/ (1863) 155 To run in debt
to the shopkeepers. :
+c. Obligation to do something; duty. /z
debt: under obligation, in duty bound. Of or with
| debt: as a matter of debt, as is due or right; as in
duty bound. Oés. (Cf. 1c.)
¢ 1300 Cursor M, 23888 (Edin.) A besand he me taht to
sette pat ik him ah to yeld wit dette. ¢1330 R. Bruxxe
Chron. (1810) 261 We ere in dette, at nede to help be ig.
1393 Gower Con/. III. 52 And as it were of pure dette hey
yive her goodes to the king. c1425 Wyntoun Chron. ut.
rol. 23 Oure Eldrys we sulde folowe of det. a 1400 Re/ig.
Pieces fr. Thornton MS. (1867) 2 Prelates and persons. .pat
ere haldene by dett for to lere pame. 1488 Caxton Chast.
Goddes Chyld. 10, 1. .cannot thanke the as I ought of dette.
1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. (1858) 1. 35 This fatall stone..
ir it wes brocht in ony or erd..Of verrie det the
Scottis thair suld ring.
3. fig. Used in Biblical language as the type of
an offence a a sin.
a12ag Ancr. R. 126 We sigged for3if us ure dettes, al so
ase we uorziued to ure detturs. a1g400 Prymer (1891) 20
For3iue us oure dettes ; as we forzeue to oure detoures.
ph Fisner Wks. (1876) 242 Whiche be our dettes? Truly
oursynnes. 1557 N. T. (Genev.) Matt. vi. 12 And forgeue
vs our debtes [Wyctir dettis, Cranm., RAemrish dettes, 1611
debts] euen as we forgiue our debters. 1858 Trencu Para-
yd xvi, God is the creditor, men the debtors, and sins the
bt.
4. Phrases. a, Debt of honour: a debt that can-
not be legally enforced, but depends for its validity
on the honour of the debtor ; usually applied to
debts incurred bi —,
1646 Evance Noble Ord. 37 He is become a voluntary
debitor..in a debt of honour, 1732 Berkerry A . 1.98
He. .is obliged to pay debts of Honour, that is, all such as
are contracted by Play. 1839 Carn. Stvctain Holiday
House xiii. 265 Pay your debt of honour, Master Harry !
b. Debt of (or to) nature; the necessity of dying,
death ; 40 fa the debt of (or one’s debt to) nature :
to die. [Lat. debitum nature.|
(c 1325 Storenam 2 And his deythes dette 3elde. 1375
Barsour Bruce xix. 209 Hym worthit 5 to pay the det
That no man for till pay may let.) 1494 Fasvan Chron. u.
xli. 28 Fynally he perme jette of nature. 1§90 MARLOWE
Edw. 11, Wks. (ed. Rtldg.) 212/1 Pay nature's debt with
cheerful countenance. uARLES Emdi. u. xiii, The
slender debt to nature’s quickly paid. 1727 A. HamiLton
New Ace. E. Ind. 11. lii. 265 He had paid his great Debt to
Nature, without taking Notice of the small one due to me.
1812 Examiner 23 Nov. 747/1 One of them has .. paid the
debt of nature.
¢c. Action of debt; an action at law for recover-
ing a debt. oa
in Vicary's Anat. (1888) ii, 152 gouernours
ae bene oo accion of gen ior the same. Owen
Pembrokeshire (1891) 192 A plaintiffe in an action of debte.
1800 Appison Amer. Law, Rep. 111 The ~ Saad .
action of debt is the consideration or equi
arr “Bill of debt i ote, 1.0.U., or
zll oj : a promi n .U.
other acknowledgement of indebbadaaens in some
countries used, like a bill of exchange, as a nego-
tiable document. Ods.
1530 Patscr. 198/1 Byll of dette, cedule. 1622 MALYNes
ee Piro Ai 96 most ysuall buying and selling of
DEBT.
commodities sk age the Seas, in the course of Trafficke, is
for Bills of Debt, or Obligations, called Billes Obligatorie,
which one Merchant giueth vnto another, for commodities
bought or sold, which is altogether vsed by the Merchants
Aduenturors at Amsterdam, Middleborough, Hamborough,
and other places. 1690 Cuitp Disc. Trade (ed. 4) 16 If ..
a law for transferring bills of debt should pass, we should not
miss the Dutch money. /éid. 139 In other Kingdoms and
Countries abroad .. transference of Bills of Debt is in use.
e. National Debt: a debt owing by a sovereign
state to private individuals who have advanced
money to it for the public needs; es. that main
part of the pwdlic debt, which has been converted
into a fund or stock of which the government no
longer seeks to pay off the principal, but to provide
the annual interest ; hence called funded debt, as
opposed to the floating debt, which includes the
ever-varying amounts due by the government and
repayable on demand or by a certain time.
1653 Cuiptey (¢7¢/e), Remonstrance concerning the Public
Faith, Soldier’s Arrears, and other Public Debts. 1721 A.
Hurcueson (¢7t/e), Collection of Treatises, relating to the
National Debts and Funds. 1752 Hume Zss. Public Credit
(1875) I. 364 National debts cause a mighty confluence of
people and riches to the capital. 18r2 G. Cuatmers Dow.
Econ. Gt. Brit. (New ed.) 210 The most efficient measure...
was to fund .. the floating debts, of the victualling, and of
the ordnance departments. 1840 Pexuzy Cycl. XVI. 100 The
contracting of the National Debt cannot be said to have
been begun before the Revolution of 1688. 1860 KNicuT
Pop. Hist. Eng. V1. iii. 40 There was a floating debt of
about ten millions, 1878 Epirn Tuompson Hist, Eng.
xxxix. 275 The South Sea Company..for the purpose of
reducing the National Debt, engaged .. to buy up certain
annuities. Whitaker's Alman. 4 he French
National Debt is the largest in the Roel .-Public debt,
funded £957,000,000; Public debt, floating, annuities, etc.,
capitalized £ 728,372,372.
f. Small debt: a debt of limited amount, for
which summary jurisdiction is provided, in Eng-
land in the County Court, in Scotland in the Small
Debt Court held by the sheriff. Also attrib.
(In Scotland the limit of these debts was in 1788 £5, in
1837 £8 6s. 8d., and in 1853 £12.)
1603-4 Act Fas. J, c. 14 (title), An Acte for Recouerie
of Small Debtes. 1795 Act 35 Geo. I//, c. 23 (title) An
Act for the more easy and expeditious Recovery of Small
Debts. 1861 W. Bett Dict. Law Scot. 762 The Statute
39 and 4o Geo. III, c. 46, commonly called the Syadt-
Debt Act. Ibid. 764 The sheriff’s exclusive jurisdiction in
small debts was introduced by 6 Geo. IV, c. 24. bid. 766
The sheriffs must, in addition to their ordinary small-debt
courts, hold circuit courts for the purposes of thisact. /did.
767 By the act 16 and 17 Vict. c. 80, 1853, the small-debt juris-
diction of sheriffs is extended to causes not exceeding £ 12.
5. attrib. and Comb.
1682 ScarLetr Exchanges 236 In mixed or Debt Ex-
changes the Drawer receives no Monyes, but is Debtor, and
gives Bills to his Creditor..for payment of his Debt. 1826
Consett Rur. Rides (1885) 11. 255 Large part of the rents
must 1 to the Debt-Dealers, or Loan-makers. 1883 19¢/
Cent. May 884 Punishment of debt-frauds as crimes.
+Debt, 2//. z. Obs. Forms: 4-5 dett(e, 6-
debt. [ad. L. dézt-us owed (cf. DEBITE a.), con-
formed to debt sb.] Owed, due, owing.
at Hampo.e Psalter \xxviii. 5 3eldand til be[e] dett
[v.~. duwe] honur. ¢1440 Hytton Scala Perf. (W. de W.
1494) 1. xl, That it is nedeful to the & dette for to traueyle
s0O. at Rintey Ws. (1843) 305 Promises so openly
made, and so duly debt. 1576 J. Kyewstus Confut. (1579)
vja,That which is det and due on their behalfe. 1602 SHAKS.
‘am. 111. ii. 203 To pay our selues, what to ourselues is debt.
+Debtable, z. Os. vare—4. [f. Depr +
-ABLE.] Under pecuniary obligation, chargeable.
1516 Plumpton Corr. 217 That pg mastership shold be
debtable to the King for the lordship of Plompton.
+ Debt-bind, v. Obs. nonce-wd.
bind by obligation, render indebted.
@ 1608 Sackvitte Dk. Buckingham xiiii. (D.), Banish’d by
them whom he did thus debt-bind.
De'bt-book. An account-book in which debts
are recorded. Often fg.
@ 1600 Hooker Serm. Wks. 1845 II. 609 We dare not call
God to a ge as if we had him in our debt-books,
1617 Hieron Wes. II. 90 Forgiuenesse of sins is (as it were)
the a of a score, or the crossing of a debt-booke.
1745 De Foe's Eng. Tradesman xxxii. (841) Il. 34 The
proper method for a debt-book for a small tradesman.
+ De‘bt-bound, f//.a. Oss. Also -bounden.
1, Under obligation, bound by duty, obliged.
1513 Douctas 4 neis x1.iv. 62 This mysfortoun is myne
of ald thirlage, As tharto detbund in my wrachit age. 1553
Bae Gardiner's De vera Obed. Pref, A iv, All true subiectes
were dettebounden to defende .. and upholde, the supreme
autoritie of the crowne. Mortey /utrod. Mus. 28,
I will .. acknowledge my debt bound to him. 1603
in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. III. 73 note, I shall acknowledge
myself exceedingly deuo BoE to your Excellency.
2. Of things: Obligatory, due, bounden.
1588 A. Kine tr. Canisius’ Catech. 32 And daylie giwe det-
bound thankes to the for sua greate benefites.
+Debted, #//. a. Obs. [Pafter OF. deté
(DerTty) : see -ED ; or aphetic form of an-, en-, in-
debted (13th c.).]
1. Of things: Owed, due.
€1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Agnes 171, & gyf he yald dett
honoure Til god pat al titage has in cure. os wieas
Deut, xv.2 To whom ony thing is dettid, ethir owid. c1440
Hytton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) u. vii, The payne
detted for the synne. 1552 Apr. Hamitton Catech. (1884) 9
trans. To
83
Obediens dettit til our natural fatheris. 1599-16.. Mas-
SINGER, etc. O/d Law. i, In my debted duty.
2. Of persons: Under obligation; indebted.
¢ 1425 Wyntoun Cron, 1x. xxvii. 267 In sic affynite kane
dettit wes til uthire. 1536 BeLtenpEN Crom. Scot. (1821)
I. 16 We ar dettit to you as faderis to thair childrin. 1590
Suaxs. Com. Err. 1v. i. 31 Three odde Duckets more Then
I stand debted to this Gentleman.
Debtee (detz). [f. DeBr-orn +°-EE.] One to
whom a debt is due: a creditor.
1531 Dial. on Laws Eng. 1. xxix. (1638) 51 To ayposat the
libertie and the judgement of Conscience. .to the debtee then
to the debtor. a@ 1626 Bacon Max. § Uses Com. Law ix.
(1636) 39 Where the debtor makes the debtee his executor.
1800 Appison Amer. Law Ref. 111 The consideration or
equivalent given by the debtee to the debtor.
+ De‘btful, a. Ods. Chiefly Sc. Also 5 dette-
full, 5-7 detful(l. [f. Desr sé. +-FUL.]
1. Owed, bounden, due ; dutiful.
c1425 Wyntoun Cron. vu. viii. 13 The Kyng of Frawns
Hys Lord be detful Alegeawns. a@1440 Found. St. Bar-
tholomew's (E.E.T.S.) 54 Sum penyes, the whiche of a vowe
were dettefull to the Chirche of seynt Barthylmewe. 1556
Lauper 7vractate 176 And do 30w homage and reuerence,
With all detfull Obedience 1621 Bk. Discipl. Ch. Scot.
Pref., The obligation, whereby they are bound for debtfull
obedience.
2. Indebted.
1649 Lp. Foorp in M. P. Brown Supfé. Dec. 1. 434 That
-. Patrick Keir..was debtful to him in greater sums.
Hence + De‘btfully adv. Sc., duly, dutifully.
c1425 WynToun Cron. vu. viii. 704 Thare charge thai dyd
nocht detfully. 1478 Sc. Acts Fas. /// (1814) 123 (Jam.)
That oure souuerain lord. .sal..execut detfully the panys of
proscripcioun & tresoun aganis the saidis personis.
Debtiless (de'tlés), a. [See -txss.] Free from,
or clear of, debt.
¢1386 Cuaucer Pro/, 582 To make him lyve by his propre
good, In honour detteles, but if he were wood. 1570 E.
Rosson in Durham Depositions (Surtees) 228 He is worth
£30, debtless, of his own goods. 1590 SwinBuRNE 7es¢a-
ments 103 pees to be paid out of the cleere debtlesse
goods. 1766 G. Cannine Axti-Lucretius 1. 184 Debtless
to power, but Fortune’s and it’s own. 1848 Zait’s Alag.
276 America, free and debtless, was there before their eyes.
Debtor (de‘ta1). Forms: a. 3 dettor, 3-5
det(t)ur, 4-6 det(t)our, -or, 5 dettere, 6-7
detter ; 8. 6-7 debter, 7-our,6--or. See also
Desitor. [ME. det(t)ur, -our, a. OF. det(t)or,
-ur, -our (later detteur, debteur):—-L. débitor-em,
ace. of débitor (whence OF. aet(Z)re). In later
OF. often artificially spelt with 4, after L. ; in Eng.
the 4 was inserted between 1560 and 1668, being |
first prevalent in legal documents, where it was
probably assisted by the parallel form DEBITor.
(The Bible of 1611 has detter, debter, each thrice :
debtor twice, debtour once.)]
1. One who owes or is indebted to another: a.
One who owes money to one or more persons: cor-
relative to creditor.
cr1zgo S. Eng. Leg. 1. 465/117 An vsurer.. pat hadde
dettores tweyne. 1387 TRevisa Higdex III. 189 (Miatz.),
Pe dettoures my3te nou3t pay here money at here day. 1464
Mann. & Househ. Exp. 102 Thomas Hoo is become detor
to my sayd mastyre. 1535 CovERDALE 2 A7zugs iv. 1 Now
commeth the man that he was detter vnto. 1568 GRAFTON
Chron. II. 360 The Admyrall became debter to them all ..
Suche summes of money as he was become debtor for. 1611
Brste Luke xvi. 5 So he called euery one of his lords
detters vnto him [so all 16th c. 2.3; Wyc.ir dettours].
| A A reop.(Arb.) 59 Dettors and delinquents may
walk abroad withouta keeper. 1745 De Foe’s Eng. Trades-
man Vv. (1841) I. 34 Acts of grace for the relief of insolvent |
debtors. 1865 Dickens Mut. Fr. ut. 1, Pubsey & Co.,
are so strict with their debtors. 1875 Marne //ist. Just. ix.
257 Execution against the person of a judgment debtor.
One who owes an obligation or duty.
@ 1225 Ancr. R.126 Louerd, we sigged forzif us ure dettes,
al so ase we uorgiued to ure detturs. 1382 Wycuir Matt.
vi. 12 For3eue to vs oure dettes as we forgeue to oure
dettours [1388 -ouris, Coverp., Cranmer, X/em., detters,
Geneva, 1611, debters]. — Rom. i. 14 To Grekis and bar-
baryns..to wyse men and vnwyse men, I am dettour.
@ 1535 More De guat. Nouiss. Wks. 91 To whom we be al
dettours of death. 1593 Saks: Lucr. 1155 When life is
sham’d, and death Reproches detter. c 1645 Howe. Lef/t.
(1726) 10 Of joy ungrudg’d may each Day be a Debter.
1653 WALTON Angler i. 38, I must be your Debtor. .for the
rest of my promised discourse. @ 1677 Barrow Wks. (1716)
II. 140 He being .. master of all things and debtour to none.
1847 Tennyson Princ. 11. 334 Debtors for our lives to you.
ec. Poor debtor (U.S.): One who, being im-
lag in a civil action for debt, is, under the
aws of several States, entitled to be discharged
after a short period, on proof of poverty, etc.
1831 W. L. Garrison in Liberator I, 28 The Poor Debtor.
2. Book-keeping. Debtor (or Dr.) being written
at the top of the left-hand or debit side of an ac-
count is hence applied to this side of an account, or
to what is entered there.
{1543-1660 : see Desiror.] 1714 (¢é¢Ze), The Gentleman
Accomptant or an Essay to Untold the Mystery of Ac-
compts, by Way of Debtor and Creditor. 1745 [see CREDITOR
2). 1836 Penny Cycl. V. 164/1 Exacting..equilibrium be-
tween debtor and creditor in each entry.
attrib, (1588: see Desitor.] 1712 Appison Sfect. No.
9 Pr When I look upon the Debtor-side, I find such
innumerable Articles, that I want Arithmetick to cast them
up.
one side, compared with. ,the creditor accounts on the other.
1836 Penny Cycl. V. 164/1 All the debtor accounts on |
DECA-.
1866 C. W. Hoskyns Occas. Ess. 133 Every human right,
however absolute and accredited, has its corresponding
debtor-page of duty and obligation.
3. attrib. and Comb., as debtor law, country;
debtor side, etc. (see 2); debtor-like adj.
1669 Drypen 7yran. Love v. i, Debtor-like, I dare not
meet youreyes. 1810 MIncHIN (¢7t/e), A Treatise on the
Defects of the Debtor and Creditor Laws. 1881 H. H.
Gisss Double Stand. 68 The debtor country..will pay its
debts in Silver.
Hence De‘btorship.
1798 H. T. Cotesrooke tr. Digest Hindu Law (1801) I. 7
The debtorship of others than women, or the like. 1859
G. Merepita X, Feverel I. ix. 173 Without incurring further
debtorship. é :
+Debu'ccinate, v. Ods.—° [f. L. débuccindre
to trumpet forth (Tertull.), prop. dedicinare, f. de-
(Dr- I. 3) + dcicinare to trumpet.] ‘To report
abroad’ (Cockeram 1623).°
+ Debu'lliate, v. Ods.—° [Improperly f. de-
(De- I. 1) +L. bedlire to boil. Cf. F. débouillir.}
‘To bubble or seeth over’ (BLouNT 1656).
+ Debullittion. Oés. [n. of action f. L. *ae-
bullive: see prec.) A bubbling or boiling over.
1727 in Battey vol. II. 1730-6—(folio). Whence in Joun-
son, AsH and mod. Dicts.
+Debu'rse, v. Ols. Sc. Also 6 deburs, -burce,
7 debourse. [a. F. débourse-r, in OF. desbourser,
f. des- :—L, dis- (see DE- I. 6) + dourse:—late pop.
L. bursa purse.] To pay out, DisBuRSE.
1529 W. FRANKELEYN in Fiddes Wolsey u. (1726) 167 Your
grace shuld not deburce owt of your coffers very myche
monye. 1561 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 286
Suche. .somes as they shall deburse. c¢c1610 Sir J. Metvit
Mem, 318. 1705 Kirk-Session Rec. in Sc. Leader 22 June
1888 Debursed upon thatching the schoolhouse €11 3s. qd.
Hence Debu'rsing v/. sb. =next.
1598 Sc. Acts Fas. VI (1814) 179 (Jam.) Necessar debur-
singis in thair hienes..maist honorabill effairis.
+Debu'rsement. Oés. Sc. [a. F. débourse-
ment, f. débourser: see prec.] = DISBURSEMENT.
1637-50 Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 153 Provyding alwayes
his debursements exceed not 400 merks. 1689 R. Sincrair
in Leisure Hour (1883) 205/1 Accompt of debursements for
my son Jhon. ;
Debusscope (debiskoup), [f. the name of
the inventor M. Debus + -scopE, after Aalecdoscope.]
An optical contrivance consisting of two mirrors
placed at an angle of 72°, so as to give four reflec-
tions of an object or figure placed between them and
form composite figures for purposes of decorative
design, etc.
1862 Timps Vear-Bh. of Facts 144 M. Debus has invented
this new form of kaleidoscope. The debusscope may be made
of any size. c1865 J. Wytpe in Circ. Sc. I. 43/1 In the
Debusscope, any object placed between the mirrors is multi-
plied, soas to present a fourfold appearance.
|| Début (debs). [F. vbl. sb., f. débuter to make
the first stroke in billiards, etc., lead off: see Littré
and Hatzfeld.] Entry into society; first appearance
in public of an actor, actress, or other performer.
1751 Cuesterr. Lett. ccxxxviii. (1792) III. 88, I find that
your début at Paris has been a good one. 1806 Byron
Occas. Prol.15 To-night you throng to witness the début
Of embryo actors, to the Drama new. 1837 Lp. Beacons-
FIELD in Corr, w. Sister (1886) 78, I state at once that my
début [in House of Comm.] was a failure.
So Début(e v. (cf. F. débuter], to make one’s
début ; to ‘come out’.
1830 Fraser's Mag. II. 52 He debuted at Naples, about
five years ago, and ‘has since performed .. in the principal
theatres of Italy. 1885 F. ArtHur Cofarceners v. 69 The
moment..is..a proud one for the debuting youth. 1889
Pall Mall G. 21 Sept. 6/1 When a popular actor’s son
*débuts’ with a flourish of trumpets.
Débutant (debsitan). LI. pr. pple. of débuter:
see prec.] A male performer or speaker making
his first appearance before the public. So Débu-
tante (-tait) [F. fem. of the same], a female appear-
ing for the first time before the public or in society.
1824 W. Irvine 7. Trav. I. 282 The character was favour-
able toa debutant. 1826 Disraru Viv. Grey iv. i, Under
different circumstances from those which ere attend
most political debutants. 1837 Blackw. Mag. XLII. 343/1
Gentlemen are apt to dismiss all serious thoughts in address-
ing a very young débutante,
ebylite, -yte: see DEBILITE.
Debylle, obs. form of DIBBLE.
Debyte, -tie, -ty, -tous: see Desire, etc.
Dee. Abbrev. of DEcEMBER; in A/ustc of DrE-
CRESCENDO; in AZed, of L. decoctunt (=decoction).
Deca-, dec-, Gr. dexa- ten, an initial element
in numerous technical words: see below. Also
1. Decaca‘nthous a. [Gr. dxava thorn], having
ten spines (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1882). Deca-ca'rbon
a. Chem. in decacarbon series, the series of hydro-
carbon compounds containing C,,, as decane, decene,
decine, decyl, q.v. || Decarcera sb. pl. Zool. (Gr.
xépas, kepat- horn], a name proposed by some natu-
ralists for the ten-armed cephalopods, otherwise
called Decapoda. Deca‘cerate (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1882),
Deca‘cerous a., ten-horned, pertaining to the De-
cacera. Decada‘ctylous a. Zoo/., having ten rays or
fingers (Syd. Soc. Lex.). Decadi‘anome JZath. [Gr.
11*-2
DECACHINNATE.
davopy distribution, DiANoMe], a quartic surface
(dianome) having ten conical points. De*cafid a.
[L. -fidus -cleft] = Decemrm (Syd. Soc. Lex.).
De'calet sonce-wd. [after triplet], a stanza of ten
lines. Deca‘lobate a. Nn AoBds lobe], ten-lobed.
Deca‘merous a. [ Gr. pépos part], consisting of ten
parts or divisions, decempartite (Syd. Soc. Lex.).
Deca'meter once-wa. (Gr. wérpov measure], a
verse consisting of ten metrical feet. Deca'ngular
a. (L. angulus, corner], having ten angles = DEca-
GONAL. Deca‘ntherous a. Bot. [ ANTHER], having
ten anthers. Decapartite a. =decempartite: see
DEcEM-. Decape'talous a. Sot. [PeTat], having
ten petals (Syd. Soc. Lex.). Decaphy‘llous
a. Bot. (Gr. vAdov leaf], ten-leaved. Decap-
tery'gious a. Ichth. [mrepiyov fin], having ten
fins ; so Decaptery’gian @.and sb. Decase’mic
(-st*mik) a. [cf. the Gr. comp. tecoapeoxadena-
onpos, f. ofa mark, sign], consisting of ten units
of metrical measurement as a ‘ decasemic colon’.
Decase‘palous a. Zot. [SEPAL], having ten sepals.
Decaspe'rmal, -spe‘rmous a. Hot. |Gr. onéppa
seed], having ten seeds.
1874 Satmon Axalyt. Geom. Three Dim. (ed. 3) 507 Deca-
dianome. 1861 Bentiey Man. Bot. iv. § 4. 274 A flower
with Ten carpels or Ten styles is Decagynous. 1882 VINES
Sachs's Bot. 654 Whorls dimerous to octamerous..or penta-
merous and decamerous. 1821 Blackw. Mag. X. 387 They
might have i eee as decameters, had that structure of
verse pleased the eyes of the compositor. 18.. Lee (cited
by Webster 1828), Decangular. 1 Sir G. Scorr Lect.
Archit. I. 197 The vaulting, having its sides divided..
making in all a decapartite vault. 1 Martyn Lang.
Bot. s.v., Decaphyllus calyx, a decaphyllous or ten-leaved
calyx; as in Hzdiscus. 1847 Craic, Decapterygians, a
name given by Schneider to an artificial division of fishes,
including such as have ten fins. /bid., Decaspermal,
Decaspermous, containing ten seeds, as the berry of Psz-
dium decasperimum.
2. esp. in the nomenclature of the French metric
system, the initial element in names of measures
and weights, composed of ten times the standard
unit of the series in question. (Cf. Dect-.) Hence,
De‘cagramme, -gram (F. décagramme), the
weight of 10 grammes (=154-32349 troy grains,
or -353 0z. avoird.). De‘calitre (de*kal7ta1), [F.
déca-|, a measure of capacity, containing 10 litres
( =610-28 cubic inches, or a little over 2} gallons).
Decametre (-de‘kamita1), [F. déca-], a lineal
measure of Io metres ( = 32 ft.9-7079 inches Eng. .
Decastere (de‘kastie1), [F. décastére],a solid mea-
sure = Io steres or cubic metres.
(obs.), a measure of 10 ares= 1000 square metres.
1810 Naval Chron. XXIV. 301-2. [Has decagram, deca-
littre, decameter, decay.) 1828 J.M. Spearman Brit, Gunner
(ed. 2) 417 Decametre signifies ten metres. /bid. 419 Kiliare
.. Hectare.. Decare. 1860 Ad/ Year Round No. 69. 448
A decalitre .. would contain a hundred thousand grains [of
wheat]. 1 Daily News 10 Dec. 3/3 He then brought up
the dose of lymph to two decagrammes, a potent one,
+ Deca‘chinnate, v. Obs.—° [f. L. décachin-
nare (Tertull.) to deride (Dx- I. 4).] ‘To scorn’
(Cockeram, 1623).
Decachord (dekakpid), a. and sé. Also 6
-corde. [ad. L. decachord-us, -um, a. Gr. 5exd-
xopd-os, -ov, ten-stringed, f. déxa + -xopdn string.]
A. adj. Ten-stringed (cf. Ps. xxxii. 2 év Yadrn-
pi Bexaxdpsw). B. sé. A musical instrument with
ten strings.
c1525 SkELton Reflyc. 340 Dauid, our poete, harped..
meledtoush ..in his decacorde psautry. 1555 ‘Abr. PARKER
Ps. (1556) Aij, In Lute and Harpe rejoyce to sing, Syng
Psalmes in decachorde. 1609 DouLann Ornith. Microl. 23
It is called a Monochord, because it hath but one string, as
..a Decachord which hath tenne. 1659 Hammonp Ox Ps.
Wks. 1684 IV. 1.91 Dechacord or instrument of ten strings.
Jbid., On a dechachord Psaltery. 1858 Neate Bernard de
M. 33 Whose everlasting music Is the glorious decachord.
a Decacho on. Oés. (In 7 -cordon.) [a.
Gr, 5exaxopdov: see prec.] =prec. B. Also fig.
1602 W. Watson (tit/e), Decacordon of Ten Quodlibeticall
gy? concerning Religion and State. 1613 R. C.
Table Alph., Decacordon, an instrument with tenne strings.
+ Decacu'minate, v. Ols.-° [f. L. déacii-
minare to deprive of the top (De- I. 6).]
1656 Biount Glossogr., Decacuminate, to take off the
top of any thing. 1727 Baiey vol. II, Decacuminated,
having the Tore lopped off. (So in J, and mod. Dicts.)
Decad ‘ ‘kad). [ad. Gr. dexds, dexad-, col-
lective sb. from 5éxa ten.]
1. The number ten (the perfect number of the
Pythagoreans).
1616 in Buttokar. Stantey Hist. Philos, (1701
379/2 The Decad comprehends every Reason of Number,an
every Proportion. 1865 Grote Plato I. i.11 The Dekad, the
full and perfect number. 88x tr. Ze//er’s Presocratic Phil.
I. 427 All numbers and all powers of numbers apy to
them [the Pythagoreans] to be comprehended in the decad.
2. Music. A group of ten notes out of which may
be formed the consonant triads, and all the discords
possible without a modulation,
1875 A. J. Extis tr. Helutholts 663 Decad.
3. An earlier spelling of Decang, q.v.
Also + Decare
84.
Decadactylous: see eg I.
Decadal (dekadal), a. [f. L. decas, decad-em,
a. Gr. dexds, dexd5-a DecapE + -aL.] Of or re-
lating to the number ten; belonging to a decade or
period of ten years.
1 Cuampers Cycl. Supp. s.v. Arithmetic, Decadal
Arithmetic, that performed by the nine figures and a Cypher.
1881 M. L. Knarv Disasters 45 The decadal of
epidemics has been noticed.
c . Gr. Hist. [ad. Gr. dexadapy-os,
f, Sexad-a Decapu + dpxés chief.] A commander
of ten, a decurion.
1794 T. Taytor tr. Pausanias 111. 16 The Decadarchs, or
governors of companies consisting each of ten men.
k , deka-. Gr. Hist. [ad. Gr.
dexadapxia: see prec.) Aruling body of ten. Cf.
DECARCHY.
1849 Grote Greece 1. Ixv. V. 547 He constituted an
oligarchy of ten native citizens, chosen from among his—
partisans, and called a Dekarchy, or Dekadarchy. 1852
Lbid. 1. \xxvii. X. 137 The oppressions exercised by the
Spartan harmosts and the deka hies.
ec: (dekadéri), a. [f. L. decad-em De-
CADE + -ARY, after F. décadaire.] Relating to a
decade or period of ten days (in the French Re-
publican calendar of 1793).
1801 Dupré Neolog. Fr. Dict. 71 Décadaire .. A decadary
festival dedicated to the Eternal. 1823 Soutney in Q. Rev.
XXVIII. 508 For the purpose of giving a religious character
to the Decadary fétes. 1876 G. F. CHamBers Astron. 454
The whole of the decadary days were kept, or ordered to be
kept, as secular festivals.
ecada‘tion. Music. [f. DecaAD 2 + -aATION.]
The process of converting one decad into another in
order to obtain a new series of consonant triads, etc.
1875 A. J. Erxis tr. Helmholtz 665 This change of one
decad into another is called decadation.
Decade (deked). Also 7-9 decad. [a. F.
decade (14th c. in Littré), ad. L. decas, decad-em,
a. Gr. dexas, Sexada, a group of ten, f. dé*a ten.
Cf. Decap.]
1. An assemblage, group, set, or series of ten.
1594 PLat Jewedl-ho. 111. 81 Your subiectes must consist
of Decades, whereof the first is a man, and the fifth a woman.
1612 R. SHELDON Serm. St. Martin's 41 Of which some
bring into this Kingdome Decades of thousands. 1679 T.
Pierce (title), A decad of Caveats to the people of England.
1725 Pore Odyss. xvi. 265 Can we engage, not decads, but
an host? 1830 Gopwin Cloudes/ey ILI. xv. 298 His prisoners
were divided into two decads, 1830 D'Israeu Chas. /, III.
xiv. 301 In two hours, our fervid innovator drew up that
decade of propositions. 1872 O. SuipLey Gloss. Eccl. Terms
s.v. Beads 61 The practice of saying fifteen decades of the
Ave Maria, with one Our Father after each decade, was
invented by St. Dominic, ;
2. spec. Short for ‘decade of years’; a period of
ten years.
1605 T. Hutton Reasons for Refusal 121 So many tens
or decads of yeares. 1709 J. Parmer Latter Day Glory
112 That Decad of Years in which the Empire ceased. 1869
Raw inson Anc. Hist. 296 The war..might still have con-
tinued for another decade of years. :
¢16s5 T. Ducarp in S. Ashe Fun, Serm. (1655) 71 His
smoother brow .. made me hope that He might raise eight
Decads toa Century. 1837 Hatiam Hist. Lit. I. i. § 19 In
the second decad of the rath Cent. 1864 TENNyson Aylmer’s
F. 82 Since Averill was a decad and a half His elder. 1878
Downen Stud. Lit. 1 The last decade of that century.
b. A period of ten days, substituted for the week
in the French Republican calendar of 1793.
1798 Anti-Facobin in Spirit Public Frnis. (1799) 11. 43 In
the course of the next decade I shall sail to the canal which
is now cutting across the Isthmus of Suez. 1801 Durrté
Neolog. Fr, Dict. 71 Three decades make a month of thirty
days.
3. A division of a literary work, containing ten
books or parts; as the decades of Livy.
1475 Bk. Noblesse 53 1 rede in the Romayns stories of
Titus Livius, in the e of the first decade. 1555 Even
(title), The Decades of the newe worlde or West India.
1594 (fi¢/e), Diana: or the excellent conceitful Sonnets of
. Cfonstable] .. Deuided into be Decads. 1651 Watton
Relig. Wotton. (1672) 46 "Tis the first Epistle in his Printed
Decads. 1 Mrs. Piozzi Yourn, France 1. 394 He was
a blockhead, and burned Livy’s decads. ee MAcauLay
Ranke Ess, 1851 11. 139 It is now as hopelessly lost as the
second decade of Livy. 1882 Eucycl. Brit. XIV. 726/1
(Livy), The division into decades is certainly not due to the
author himself, and is first heard of at the end of the sth
century.
4. Comb. +decade-day = Drcapi; decade-
ring, a finger-ring having ten projections or knobs
for counting the repetition of so many Aves.
1998 Anti-Facobin in Spir. Public Frnis. (1799) Il. 1
win father had been keeping his ‘Dcadends 4 he calls
it (for we had no Sundays now, though we did no work).
1861 C. W. Kinc Ant. Gems (1866) 296 The decade rings
of medieval times .. are readily known by their having ten
projections like short cogs on their circumference, represent-
“> many Aves, whilst the round head, engraved with
* f
., stands for the Pater Noster.
§ d, v. Sc. Obs. [ad. L. dé
cad-dre Deas] ES fall down, fail.
15.. Aberdeen Reg. (Jamieson).
Decadence (deksdens, drkz'-déns). In 6-7
Sc. decadens. [a. F. décadence (1413 in Hatzf.),
ad. med.L, decadentia, Sp., Pg. decadéncia, It. de-
cadenza ‘a declyning, a decaying’ (Florio), f. de-
| cadére to decay, f. de- down + cadére to fall (the
| dirtiest soil that could be selected by
| of the decadency of an a
ong
SS EE ee ee
DECADIST.
Comm. Romanic 2 of L. cadére to fall ; cf. Sp:
caer, ¥. chéoir). The prevalent accentuation has
been decadence, perh. after decay (see the dic-
tionaries) ; itsaace is now considered more
scholarly. ]
The process of falling away or declining (from a
prior state of excellence, vitality, prosperity, etc.) ;
decay; impaired or deteriorated condition.
1549 a Scot. vii. 71 My triumph stait is
bit in, ns. 1623 Favine Theat. Hou, 1, xii. 177 Fore-
warning of the entire decadence of the Kingdom. «1649
Drumm. or Hawtn. Poems 185 Doth in Decadens fall an
slack remaine. ar Nortu Zxam. 1. v. § 144 (1740) 406
The Decadence of all the Good he had or could
hope for, in the World. 1762 Gotpsm. Cit. W. xl, Every
day produces some pathetic exclamation upon the decadence
of taste and genins. 1815 Scotr Guy M. ii, The old castle,
where the family lived in their decadence. 1847 Lp. Linpsay
Chr. Art 1. 114 The eleventh century, commonly con-
sidered as marking the lowest decadence of Byzantine art.
1871 J. B. Mayor in ¥rni. Philol. 111. 348 ‘ Decadence’
seems to have made little way in Eng until the last
quarter of a century, when. .it came into fashion, a ently
to denote decline, and connote a scientific and enlightened
view of that decline on the part of the user.
b. spec. Applied to a particular period of de-
cline in art, literature, etc.
e.g. the Silver Age of Latin literature (chiefly a French
renting Art, the period subsequent to Raphael and Michael
ngelo.
1852 Mrs. Jameson Leg. Madonna Introd. (1857) 73 The
roe of art belongs to the decadence. 1874 StusBs Const.
ist. ILI. xxi. 615 The men of the decadence, not less than
the men of the renaissance, were giants of learning.
e. Zt. Falling down, falling off. monce-use.
1812 Sir R. Witson Diary I. 136, I fell to the ground in the
a man in a state of
decadence. 1884 Birm. Weekly Post 15 Nov. 1/4 This
process is said to prevent the decadence of the hair.
Decadency (de‘kadénsi, d/ké'-dénsi). Also
7 decaydency. [f. as prec. with suffix -ENcY.]
pees condition ; also = prec.
1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi's Eromena 132 The infirmitie
and decadency of the King. 1685 F. Spence House of
Medici 239 During the decaydency and restauration of the
Roman empire. 1777 A/isc. in Ann. Reg. 189/2 The causes
i 1779 SwinsuRNE 77av.
Spain xliv. (T.), Burgos .. since abandoned by its
and decadency. 1812 W. Taytor in
IV. 14 Ofa verous man the decay,
princes to =
Monthly Mag. XX
| of a paralytic man the decadency, is sensible. 1844 Fr ‘5
Mag. XX
IX. 313 He enumerated all the causes of the
Spanish decadency.
Decadent (dekadént, d?ké-dént), z. [f. Dr-
CADENCE: see -ENT. So mod.F. décadent (Hatzf.).]
1. That is in a state of decay or decline; falling
off or deteriorating from a prior condition of ex-
cellence, vitality, prosperity, etc.
1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev. 1. 1.1i, Those decadent ages in
which no Ideal either grows or blossoms? 1 Bracke
Lays Highi. Introd. 50 A grey, old town with an air of
—- ree ome — = x La ne yo
in Mag. of Art Sept. 477/1 To establish in his kingdom
the already decadent ent wodecs art of Italy.
|| 2. Said of a French school which affects to
belong to an age of decadence in literature and
art. ence sb, A member of this fraternity.
[1885 Figaro 22 Sept., Le décadent n'a pas d’idées. II n’en
— Il aime mieux les mots. .C’est au lecteur & com-
prendre et
refuse généralement.
written in a style occ; lly a little decadent and over-
elaborate. 1890 Jéid. 22 Nov. 602/2 The very noisy and
motley crew of nger writers in France .. naturalists,
decadents, scientific critics, and what not. Daily
News 8 Nov. 5/2 A wonderful pes ts rench,
in a queer new style, as if ’s Limousin had been
reborn, with a fi manner of being unintelligible.
Hence De'cadently adv.
1892 Sat. Rev. 23 Apr. 492/2 It is very prettily and de-
cadently written.
Decadescent (dekaide'sént), a. nonce-wd. [f
assumed L. type decadescere, inceptive from med.L,
or Romanic decadére: see DECADENCE and -ESCENT.]
inning or tending to decay.
National Rev. 351 Those perils of matrimony
over which decadescent virgins sigh so affectingly.
|| Décadi. [Fr.: f. Gr. 5éea ten + -dé day in
Lundi, etc. e tenth day of the ‘decade’ in
the French Republican calendar, superseding Sun-
day as a day of rest.
1795 Burke Let. to W. Eliiot Wks. VII. 358 i
tho Balvinistick sabbath, and establishing the decadi
atheism in all his states. 180x H, M. Wittiams S&é, Fr,
fee L. xxii. 323 The fossé, formed into a walk, furnishes a
to the villagers on the decadi.
Decadianome: see Deca- prefix.
Decadic (dikedik), a. [a. Gr. dexadseds,
f. Gr. dexad- (see DECADE) + -I0.] Belonging to
the vpeac rh counting be fend | pang ya
A Logic ) ‘¢ select
Gas decade & tases ion. 9 Chin Philos.
Kant ui. vi. 293 The decadic
5 July 7/3 The reduction of a
(de"kadist). vave.—°?
DercabDE + -I8T.] One who writes in
1674 Biount Glossogr. (ed. 4), Decadist, aWriter of Decads,
such was Titus Livius.
f. Gr. dexad-
DECADRACHM.
Decadrachm, deka- (dekadrem). Meumism.
[f. Gr. dexddpaxpos of the value of ten drachme, f.
Séxa ten + Spaxyy DRAcHMA.] An ancient Greek
silver coin of the value of 10 drachmas.
1856 Sat. Rev. II. 735/1 Pre-eminent amongst them was
a decadrachm of Syracuse.
Decesarize, etc.: see Dx- II. r.
Decafid: see Drca- prefix 1.
Decagon (de'kaggn). Geom. [ad. med.L. de-
cagonum sb., -us adj., a. Gr. dexdywvor, -os, f. Gr.
8éxa. ten, and yowvia corner or angle, -ywvos angled.
Used at first in Latin form. Cf. F. décagone, 1652
in Hatzfeld.] A plane figure having ten sides and
ten angles. Also attrtd.
{1571 Dicces Pantom. 1. xxv. Hh iij b, The superficies of
an equiangle Decagorfum.] 1613-39 I. Jones in Leoni
Palladio’s Archit. (1742) 11. 46 A Circle without and De-
cagon within. 1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn. s.v., If they are
all equal to one another ’tis then called a Regular Decagon,
and it may be inscribed ina Circle. 1838 Wurray’s Handbh.
N. Germ. 226 The circular portion, or rather the decagon,
was not finished till 1227. 1881 7vans. Victoria Inst. XIV.
195, I discovered a perfect decagon terra cotta cylinder.
Decagonal (dikegénal), a. [f. med.L. de-
cagon-um +-Au.] Of or pertaining to a decagon ;
of the form of a decagon ; ten-sided.
1571 Dicces Pantom. 1v. ix. Yj b, The decagonall corde
of that circle wheron Icosaedron is framed. 1717 BERKELEY
Tour in Italy Wks. 1871 1V. 526 What remains is a deca-
onal building. 1879 Sir G. Scorr Lect. Archit. I. 235
ts surrounding wall is not circular, but decagonal.
Decagram : see DEca- prefix 2.
Deca: ous (dikz-dzinas), a. Bot. [f. mod.
Bot.L. decagyn-us, f. Gr. 5éka ten + yur? woman,
female, taken by Linnzeus in sense of ‘ female organ,
pistil’.] Having ten pistils.
So Decagy‘nia, a name for an order of plants
having ten pistils, in a class of the Linnzean Sexual
System, as class Decandria, order Decagynia, genus
Phytolacca: see Linnzeus Spec. Plant. ed. 1, 1753,
Colin Milne Bot. Dict. 1770.
Decahedral (dekajh7-dral), a. [f. next + -au.]
Having the form of a decahedron; ten-sided.
1811 Pinkerton Petrad. I. 494 Prismatic decahedral selen-
ite, produced by the elongated octahedron.
Decahedron (dekajh7drgn). Geom. [Repre-
senting a Gr. *Sexdedpov, neuter of *5exdedpos, on
the model of éfdedpos, f. 5éxa ten + é5pa seat, base.
Cf. F. decaédre, Hauy 1801.] A solid figure having
ten faces. 1828 in WessTER.
Decaid: see DECADE vz. (Sc.).
Decairt, var. of DEcartT Sc. Ods., to discard.
Decalcation (dzkxlké-fon). [f. L. dé- down
(Dr- I. 1) + calcdre to tread, to trample: see
-ATION.] A treading or trampling down or hard.
1827 Stevart Planter’s G. (1828) 294 When it will bear
the workmen’s feet, it is ultimately finished, by a complete
decalcation of the surface.
Decaleify (dike'lsifoi), v. [f. Dx- Il. 1 +
Catoiry.] ‘vans. To deprive (e.g. bone) of its
lime or calcareous matter. Hence Deca‘lcified
ppl.a.; Deca‘leifying vd/. sb. ; Decalcifica‘tion,
the action of decalcifying.
1847-9 Topp Cycl Anat. IV. 564/1 No vestige of them can
be traced in the decalcified shell. 1859 /d7d. V. 487/2 Decal-
cification brings to light no endoplasts in the ‘cells’. 1859
J. Tomes Dental Surg. (1873) 297 Decalcifying a tooth by
the aid of a dilute mineral acid. 1875 Darwin Jusectiv. Pi.
vi. 105 The normal appearance of decalcified bone.
Decalcoma‘nia. Often in Fr. form. [ad.
mod.F. décalcomanie, f. décalguer to transfer a
tracing + -manze mania, craze.] A process or art
of transferring pictures from a specially prepared
paper to surfaces of glass, porcelain, etc., much in
vogue about 1862-4. Also a/trib.
1864 The Queen 27 Feb. 164 There are few employments
for leisure hours which for the past eighteen months have
proved either so fashionable or fascinating as decalcomanie.
1865 Morn, Star 25 Aug., The potichomania .. assumed a
still more virulent craze when decalcomania was ushered
into the world. 1869 Eng. Mech. 12 Nov. 215/1 Gilded
scroll-work can be made to show through plain glass by the
Decalcomanie process.
Decalcoma‘niac, one who practises this process.
1866 Miss Brappon Lady's Mile 116 The most timid of
the décalcomaniacs.
Decalet, litre, -lobate : see Drca- 1, 2.
Decalogist (déke'lédzist). rare. [f. L. deca-
ogus DECALOGUE + -IST.] One who expounds the
decalogue or Ten Commandments.
1650 Gregory's Posthuma Life 3 M' Dod the Decalogist.
1738 Neat Hist. Pyrit. 1V. 452. 1889 A. H. DryspaLe
Hist. Presbyt. Eng. tt. v. 241 John Dod (surnamed the De-
calogist, from his book on the Ten Commandments).
Decalogue (de‘kalgg). [a. F. décalogue (15th
c. in Hatzf.), ad. L. decalog-us (Tertullian), a. Gr.
dexddoyos (orig. adj. 7 dexddAoyos, sc. BiBAos), in
Clemens Alexand., etc., from the phrase of déca
Adyor the ten commandments, in LXX, Philo, etc.
In Wyclif, prob. directly from Latin: cf. quot. 1563.
The word occurs repeatedly in the Latin version of Irenzeus
adv. Heres. ; and was probably in the Greek original.]
85
The Ten Commandments collectively as a body
of law.
1382 Wyciir Row. Prol. 299 The noumbre of the firste
maundementus of the decaloge. 1563 Man Muscudus’ Com-
monpl. 34a, The preceptes of the Decalogus bee called, the
tenne wordes. 1642 Howewt Yor. Trav. (Arb.) 84 They be-
leeve the Decalog of Moses. 1670 J. Goopwin Filled with
the Spirit To Rdr. A iij a, The Second Table of the Deca-
logue or Ten Commandments. 1755 Younc Centauri, Wks.
1757 IV. 111 Both the tables of the decalogue are broken.
1847 H. Mitter First Jmpr, iv. (1857) 55 The great geologic
register, graven, like the decalogue of old, on tables of stone.
transf. a 1649 Drum. or Hawn. Skiamachia Wks. (1711)
199 O new and ever till now concealed decalogue! a@ 1861
CLoucu Poems (title), The Latest Decalogue.
+ Decalva‘tion. Ods. [n. of action f. L. -
caluére to make bald, f. d- (Dx- I. 3) + ca/vus
bald.] A making bald by removal of hair.
1650 Butwer Anthrofomet. 48 All those wayes of Decalva-
tion practised by the Ancients. 1737 L. CLarke ///st.
Bible (1740) I. vi, For Decalvation, or leaving any part
where hair grew, bald, was one great offence.
Decalvinize: see Dr- II. 1.
Decamalee = DikaMa_i, an Indian gum.
Decameron (d/ke'mérgn). [a. It. Decamerone,
f. Gr. S€xa ten + pépa day, after Hexdmeron,
medizeval corruption of Hexahemeron or Hexaé-
meron, Gr. &anpepov. The Greek form would be
, 5exhpepov or Sexanpepov.] The title of a work by
Boccaccio containing a hundred tales which are
supposed to be related in ten days; used allusively
by Ben Jonson, Hence Decamero:nie a., char-
acteristic of or resembling Boccaccio’s work.
1609 B. Jonson S72, Wor. 1. iii, Cler. When were you
there? Daz. Last night: and sucha Decameron of sport
fallen out ! Boccace never thought of the like.
Decamerous, Decametre: see DrcA- 1, 2.
Decamp (déke'mp), v7. [a. F. éécamper, earlier
descamper (Cotgr. 1611); f. des-, dé- (see DE- I. 6)
+camp. Cf. It. scampare = discampare, DISCAMP.]
1. cnztr. (Mil.) To break up a camp ; to remove
from a place of encampment. Hence, said of other
bodies or parties leaving a camping-place.
1676 [see b]. 1678 Puituirs, 70 Decamp, a term now grown
much into use in Military Affairs, and signifies to rise from
the present place of Incampment, in order to a removing and
incamping in another place. 1692 Siege Lymerick 2 Here we
incamp’d, and lay till the 14th, on which day we decamp’d.
1725 De For Voy. round World (1840) 312 ‘The Spaniards’
gentleman caused them to decamp, and march two days
further into the mountains, and then they encamped again.
1803 WELLINGTON in Owen Desf. 408 We found on our arrival
that the armies of both chiefs had decamped. 1868 FREEMAN
Norm. Cong. (1876) II. viii. 290 The Count and his host had
decamped. :
b. Const. from, etc.
1676 Row Suppl. Blair's Autobiog. x. (1848) 161 ‘That
powder had been laid there the year before, when the army
decamped from Dunse-law. 1695 Biackmore P77. Arth.
v1. 429 Decamping thence, his arm’d Battalions gain. .the
fertile Plain. 1836 W. Irvine Astoria III. 97 They were fain
to decamp from their inhospitable bivouac before the dawn.
2. To go away promptly or suddenly ; to make
off at once, take oneself off: often said of crimi-
nals and persons eluding the officers of the law.
ae Smottetr Per. Pic. civ, He ordered them [servants]
to decamp without further preparation. 1764 STERNE in
‘Traill Zzfe 87 Christmas, at which time I decamp from hence
and fix my head-quarters at London. 1792 Gentl. Mag.
17/2 Probably the rascal is decamped; and where is your
remedy? 1828 D’Israeti Chas. /, I. iv. 76 An idle report
that Prince Charles designed to decamp secretly from Spain.
1885 Manch. Exam. 29 June 5/2 The murderer had de-
camped, and taken with him 2,000 francs.
jg. 1806-7 J. Beresrorp Miseries Hum. Life (1826) 1x.
iii, Finding, as you sit down to an excellent dinner, that your
appetite has secretly decamped. 1871 Rossetti Poewis,
Pad 310 So on the wings of day decamps My last night’s
rolic.
+3. trans. To cause to break up a camp. rave.
1684 Scanderbeg Rediv. v. 120 The next day decampt his
whole Army and followed them. 1733 MILLNER Comfend.
Frnl, 202 The Duke decamp'd our Army from Nivelle.
q 4. catachr. To camp. Obs.
1698 Fryer Acc. E. India 42 They .. being beaten from
their Works near the City, had decamped Seven Miles off
St. Thomas. 1745 Pococke Descr. East II. n. 1. 120 It
leads to a plain spot on the side of the hill where the Urukes
were decamping.
Hence Deca‘mped ///. a., Deca‘mping v4/. sé.
1689 Lutrrett Brief Rel. (1857) 1. 567 We have the con-
firmation of the decamping of the Irish from before Derry.
1770 LANGHORNE Plutarch (1879) II. 780/1 Caesar hoped, by
his frequent Spang be to provide better for his troops.
1887 Pall Mail G. 14 Nov. 12/1 To inquire into the doings
of the decamped bankrupt .. and his associates.
Deca‘mpment, s/. [a. F. déécampement (16th
c.), f. décamper : see prec. and -MENT.] The action
of decamping; the raising of a camp; a prompt
departure.
1706 Puitiips (ed. Kersey), D. ip ta D pi
or Marching off. 1 eA Compend. Frnl. 300
Both Armies maa ieee their several Decampments
Rightward. 1736 Exiza Srancey tr. Hist, Pr. Titi 122
Having by some few Decampments .. drawn Ginguet’s
Army into a spacious Plain, 1751 SMottetr Per. Pic. (1779)
IV. xc. 86 In q of this decamp , the borrower
had withdrawn himself. 1809 W. Irvine Knicherd. (1861)
259 The vigil: Peter, p ing that a moment’s delay
were fatal, made a secret and precipitate decampment.
DECANT.
Decan (de‘kan). Also 5-6 decane.
decanus, Gr. dexavds 3 cf. DEAN.]
+1. A chief or ruler of ten. Ods.
1569 J. Sanrorp tr. Agrippa’s Van. Artes 130a, Moses did
then appoint them .. Centurians, Quinquagenarians and
Decans.
2. Astrol. The chief or ruler of ten parts, or ten
degrees, of a zodiacal sign; also this division
itself. Cf. DEcANaATE |, :
(1588 J. Harvey Discours. Probl. 103 The great Coniunc-
tion of Saturne and Iupiter in the last Decane of Pisces.
1651 J. F[REAKE] Agriffa’s Occ. Philos. 391 Angels who
might rule the signs, triplicities, decans, quinaries, degrees
and stars. 1678 Cupwortn /ztedl. Syst. 1. iv. 317 (transl.
Porphyrius) Such of the Egyptians as talk of no other Gods
but the planets .. their decans, and horoscopes, and robust
princes, as they call them, 1812 Bucnan in Singer //is¢.
Cards 361 Each of these signs is divided into three decans
or thirty degrees.
=Dean 1. Obs.
1432-50 tr. /7Zgden (Rolls) VII. 477 Symon .. decan [1387
Trevisa deen]in the same churche. 1496 Wil/ of Hawarden
(Somerset Ho.), Decane of the Arches. 1538 LeLanp //7i2.
II. 40 Walingford .. There is also a Collegiate Chapel ..
‘There is a Decane, 4 Prestes, 6 Clerkes, and 4 Choristers.
Decanal (dikéi-nal), a. [f. L. decan-us DEAN
+ -AL.]
1. Of or pertaining to a dean or deanery.
1707 Lond. Gaz. No. 4386/3 Libraries of 3 degrees, viz.
General, Decanal or Lending, and Parochial. 1862.Sat¢. Rev.
XIV. 705/2 The specially Decanal virtues. 1868 Mitman
St. Paul's xi. 271 The decanal and prebendal estates.
2. Applied to the south side of the choir of a
cathedral or other church, being that on which the
dean usually sits.
1792 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 67/1 The Pall-bearers and exe-
cutors in the seats on the Decanal side, the other noblemen
and gentlemen on the Cantorial side. 1877 J. D. CHAMBERS
Div. Worship 4 On the Decanal or Southern side.
Hence Decanally, also Deca‘nically, advés.
(sonce-wds.), as a dean.
1882 PLUMPrRE in Sfectator 8 Apr. 465/1 The twin-brother
Deans, born decanally on the same day. 1892 A. K. H.
Boyp 25 Years of St. Andrew's 1. 286 A great Welsh
preacher, though as Stanley said, a babe decanically, a very
young dean.
+Decanate!. Astro/. Obs. [f. Decan+-are.]
= Face sd, 11c: sce quot. 1696.
1647 Litty Chr. Astrol. viii. 58 He [Saturn] hath also
these [degrees] for his Face or Decanate. 1653 GATAKER
Vind. Annot. Jer, 23 \t isin the last degree of the Decanate
of Aries. 1696 Puitiips, Decanate, by some called Decurie,
and in Astrology the Face, is one third part, or ten Degrees
of each Sign, attributed to some particular Planet, which
being therein, shall be said to have one Dignity, and conse-
quently cannot be Peregrine.
De‘canate”. [ad. med.L. decdndtus, f. de-
canus DEAN.] = DEANERY 2.
1835 Dansey Hore Dec. Rur. 1. xxxiv. (Contents, Deans
rural, general supervisors and censors of the inhabitants of
their decanates. :
+Deca‘nder. Bot. Obs. [See next.] A plant
having ten stamens ; a member of the decandria.
1828 in WEBSTER.
|| Deca‘ndria. 2o0/. [mod. Bot. L. (Linneus)
f. Gr. d€xa ten + dv5p- man, male, taken as ‘male
organ, stamen’.] In the Sexual System of Lin-
neeus, the class of plants having ten stamens.
1775 in Asu. 1794 Martyn Rousseau's Bot. ix. 89 Decan-
dria, which has ten stamens.
Hence Deca‘ndrian @. =next. 1828 in Wesster.
Decandrous (d?kendras), a. Bot. [f. as
prec. + -ous.] Characterized by ten stamens.
1808 J. E. Smity in Zvans. Linn. Soc. 1X. 244 (t2tle)
Specific Characters of the Decandrous Papilionaceous Plants
of New Holland. 1872 Ouiver Ede. Bot. u. 148 In some
exotic allies the stamens are decandrous.
Decane (dekéin). Chem. [f. Gr. 5éea ten +
-ANE 2b.] The saturated hydrocarbon C,, H,,;
one of the paraffins found in coal-tar.
1875 in Watts Dict. Chem. VII. 422.
Decane, obs. form of DEcAN, DEACON.
+ Deca'nery, -ary. Oés. [f. L. decan-us
DEAN +-ERY.] = DEANERY.
1538 Letanp /?7xz. II. 29 The Chirch .. isimpropriate onto
the Decanerie of Saresbyri. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Gov.
1, xil, (1739) 23 Dioceses have also been sub-divided into in-
feriour Precincts, called Deanaries or Decanaries, the chief
of which was wont to be a Presbyter of the highest note,
called Decanus.
Decangular: see DEcA- prefix I.
|| Decani (dikéi-nai). [L., genitive of decanus
DeEan.] Ofa dean, dean’s; in phrases decani side,
stall (of a choir): =DECANAL 2. In Mustc used
to indicate the decanal side of the choir in anti-
phonal singing.
1760 Boyce Cathedral Music 1. 8. 1866 Direct. Angi.
353 Decani Stali, the first return stall on the right upon
entering thechoir. 1894 J.T. Fow er (in letter), At Durham
the Decani and Cantoris sides are reversed.
Decanonize, -ation: see Dz- II. 1.
Decant (déke-nt), v1 [a. F. décanter, ad.
med.L. décanthdre (a word of the alchemists), f.
dé- down + canthus the angular beak or ‘lip’ of
a cup or jug, a transferred use of Gr. #dvO0s corner
of the eye (Darmesteter).]
trans. To pour off (the clear liquid of a solution)
[ad. L.
DECANT.
by gentl inclining the vessel so as not to dis-
turb the lees or sediment ; esp. in Chem. as a means
of separating a liquid from a precipitate.
Worton Let. in Remz. 454 (T.) Decant from it [the
vessel] the clear juice. 1666 Boyie Orig. Formes § Qual.,
Having carefully decanted the Solution into a conveniently
siz’d Retort. — "779 Forpyce in Phil. Trans. LXX. 32
Decant the fluid from the copper and iron with care
into another bason, so that .. none of the copper be carried
along with it. 1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem. s.v. Decanta-
tion, It is only .. from very heavy precipitates thatva liquid
can be thus decanted. (j/g.) 1872 O. W. Hotmes Poet
Break/f.-t. iv. 121 If you are not decanted off from yourself
every few days or weeks. E
b. To pour (wine, etc.) from the ordinary bottle
in which it is kept in the cellar into a decanter for
use at table; also, /oosedy, to pour out (wine, ale,
etc.) into a drinking vessel.
Swirt Poems, Market-hill23 Attend him daily as their
chief, Decant his wine, and carve his beef. 1789 Mrs.
Piozzt Fourn. France 11. 35 Some of their wine already
decanted for use. 1815 Scotr Guy MV. xxii, A sign, where
a tankard of ale voluntarily decanted itself into a tumbler.
1873 Mrs. ALEXANDER Vhe Wooing o’t ix, Claret.. ah, you
decant it ; that is a good sign.
ce. transf. To pour or empty out (as from or
into a decanter).
1742 Younc Nt. Th. iii. 339 O'er our palates to decant
Another vintage? 1823 Blackw. Mag. XIV. 586 He .. used
to have eighty pails of water decanted over him daily. 1871
M. Cotuns Mrg. §& Merch. 11. vi. 162 All the vegetables in
the world are decanted into Covent Garden.
Hence Deca-nted f/f/. a.
1788 CavenpisH in PAil. Trans. LXXVIII. 169 The
decanted and undecanted parts. 1793 Beppors Sea Scurvy
gt The decanted water is to be boiled down.
+ Decant, v.2 Obs. [ad. L. décanta-re: see
next.] =DercanTate v. Hence Deca‘nted Yas a.
[1546 O. Jounson in Ellis Orig. Lett. u. 11. 176 Dr.Crome's
canting, recanting, decanting, or rather double canting.)
1674 BLount Glossogr. (ed. 4), Decant, to report or speak
often, to sing, toenchant. 1711 Forses in M. P. Brown
Suppl. Dec. (1824) V. 79 Therefore this decanted notion, of
a popular action, can never found a title in this country.
+ Decantate, fc. pple. Obs. [ad. L. décan-
/at-us, pa. pple. of déecantare: see next.] De-
cantated.
1620 E. Brount Horae Subs. 195 Not to reiterate the so
many and so much decantate vtilities and praises of History.
1675 Baxter Cath. Theol. u. 1. 10 Augustines saying so
much decantate by Dr. Twisse and others.
+ Decantate, v. Obs. [f. ppl. stem of L. d-
cantare to sing off, repeat in singing, sing or
chant over and over again, f. De- I. 3 + cantare
to sing.]
1. trans. To sing or say over and over again ; to
repeat often.
1542 Becon Pathw. Prayer Early Wks. (1843) 182 Not
able sufficiently to decantate, sing, and set forth his praises.
1611 Coryat Crudities 99 The very Elysian fieldes, so much
decantated and celebrated by the Verses of Poets. 1650
R. Hottincwortu Usurped Powers 14 That late so much
decantated Aphorisme, All Power. .is from the People.
2. intr. To sing or speak often.
1659 GauDEN Tears of Church 99 These men.. myer
tinently decantate against the Ceremonies of the Church.
Decantation (dékenté'fon), [ad. med.L.
decanthatio, in Fr. décantation, n. of action f. Dr-
cant v.!] The action of decanting ; esp. of pouring
off a liquid clear from a precipitate or deposit.
_ 1641 Frencu Distill. i. (1651) 9 Decantation, is the pour-
ing off of any liquor which hath a setling, by inclination.
1657 G. Starkey /elmont's Vind, 196 This [sedimen] to be
severed from the other juyce by decantation, and dried.
17588 Elaboratory 377 The earth .. will .. form a sediment,
that makes a decantation necessary. 1837 Howitt Xu.
Life v1. ii. (1862) 217 Inviting sounds of scraping plate and
decantation. 1883 Hardwich's Photogr. Chem. 23 Decant-
ation, is allowing the precipitate to fall by its own weight to
the bottom of the liquid, and then pouring the latter off.
Decanter (dikz‘nta1). [f. Decant v.1 + -ER.]
1, One who decants,
1758 Dycue, Decanter, one that pours or racks off liquor
from the lees into other vessels, 1828 in WeBsTeER; and in
mod. Dicts. ‘
2. A vessel used for decanting or receiving de-
canted liquors : sfec. a bottle of clear flint or cut
glass, with a stopper, in which wine is brought to
the table, and from which the glasses are filled.
(The Dictionaries have variously explained the word from
the etymological point of view :
1715 Kersey, Decanter, a Bottle made of clear Flint-Glass
for the holding of Wine, etc. to be pour'd off into a Drinking-
Glass. 1788 ounson, Decanter, a glass vessel made
pouring off liquor clear from the lees. 1775 Asu, Decanter,
the vessel that contains the liquor after it has been de-
canted, 1818 Topp, Decanter, a glass vessel made for
receiving liquor clear from the lees;}
1712 Lond. Gas. No. 5041/3 A pair of Silver Decanters of
20 Guineas value. 1733. Appison Guardian No, 162 ? 5 The
Barmecide ., then filled both their glasses out of an em;
decanter. 1725 De For Voy. round World (1840) 23
had .. water in large silver decanters, that held, at
five quarts apiece; these stood in our chamber, 1823 i:
Bapcock Dom. Amusem. 44 Keep this liquor in a glass de-
canter well stopped. yTTon Caxtons 46 In virtue of
my growing Phar and my promise to abstain from the
decanters. 1862 G.
3 Macponatp D. Elginbrod 1. 40 Away
she went with a jug, commonl
1870 Dickens £. D:
called a decanter, in her
decanter of rich-coloured sherry are placed upon the table.
t
e
ty
ii, A dish of walnuts and a
86
Hence Deca‘nter v. nonce-wd., to put wine in a
decanter.
C. M. Wesrmacorr Eng. Spy I. 117 While the wine
lecantering. 1885 Punch 16 May 230/2 They’re cater-
ing and de-cantering.
Decantherous, Decapartite, -petalous,
-phyllous: see Drca- 1.
Decapi-llated, f4/. a. rare.—° [f. pa. pple. of
late or med.L. en to cut off the hair, f.
De- I. 6 + capill-us hair of the head.]
1727 Baitey vol. Il, Decapil/ated, having the Hair pulled
or fallen off.
Decapi‘llatory, a. nonce-wd. [f. as prec.: see
-ory.] Pertaining to the removal of hair from the
head or face.
a vow Monthly Mag. LV1. 30 A primitive array of de-
capillatory conveniences or rather necessaries.
Deca‘pitable, ¢. vave. [f. late or med.L. de-
capitére to DECAPITATE + -ABLE.] That can be
decapitated.
1843 CartyLe Past §& Pr. (1858) 198 Thou,—not even
‘natural’ ; decapitable.
Decapitalize (d‘kepitileiz),v. [f. D-II. 1
+ CAPITAL + -1ZE.] “vans. To reduce from the
rank or position of a capital city. Hence Decapi-
talization.
1871 Daily News 13 Apr. 5 Disarm Paris—bind her hand
and foot—decapitalise her. 1889 7/e Voice (N.Y.) 26 Dec.,
Nor is it probable that decapitalization can be enforced by
either sentiment or patriotism.
Decapitate (d/ke:pitéit), v.
(1320 in Hatzf.), also desc- (14th c.), = Pr. de-,
descapitar, \t. decapitare, late or med.L. décapitare,
f. Dr- I. 6 + caput, capit- head. See -aTE 3.]
1. trans. To cut off the head of (a man or
animal) ; to behead, kill by beheading. Also, to
poll a tree, etc.
1611 Cotcr., Decapiter, Descapiter, to decapitate, or be-
head. 1661 Arnway’s Tablet Advt. (T.), Charles the First
.. murdered, and decapitated before his own door at White-
hall. 1776 Evelyn's Sylva t, vii. § 2.154 Hedgerow ashes may
the oftener be decapitated, and will show their heads again
sooner than other trees so used. 1867 Smi-es Huguenots Eng.
iii. (1880) 50 They decapitated beautiful statues of stone, it
is true; but the Guises had decapitated the living men. 1871
Morey Voltaire (1886) 340 In a time when you are not
imprisoned or hung or decapitated for holding unpopular
opinions. :
b. A/ath. In the symbolical method of cal-
culating seminvariants: To remove the highest
number of the symbol.
1884 CayLey in Amer. Frnl. Math. V1.1. 9 In every case
we decapitate the symbol by striking out the highest number.
2. U.S. politics. To dismiss summarily from office.
1872 Daily Tel. 5 Jan., At the commencement of any fresh
was
[f. F. décapiter
Presidency, hundreds of Democratic emfployés have their |
heads cut off to make room for Republicans who, in their
turn, will be decapitated when the Democrats get the upper _
hand again. 1889 in Farmer Americanisms s.v.
Hence Deca‘pitated ///. a., Deca‘pitating vé/.
sh. and ppl. a.
1796 Ess. by Soc. of Gentlem. Exeter 228 A very antient
decapitated pillar. 1874 Carpenter Ment. Phys. 1. ii. § 67
A decapitated Frog... remains at rest until it is touched.
1827 Stevart Planter’s G. (1828) 76 The decapitating of
them [trees] is utterly destructive of their health and growth.
1890 Atheneum 8 Slax, 310/1 The suppression of piracy and
decapitating expeditions.
Decapitation d/kzpitéi-fon). [a. F. décapi-
tation = med.L. décapitation-em, n. of action f.
decapitare ; see prec.]
1. The action of decapitating ; the fact of being
decapitated.
1650 Arnway A /arum, etc. (1661) 76 (T.) His decapitation
for the clear truth of God. @1794 Sir W. Jonrs Suhrid-
bheda (R.), It is better to lose life by decapitation, than to
desertaprince. 1839 James Louis X/V IV. 355 The punish-
ment for high treason committed by a person of noble family
+» Was decapitation.
b. Odstetr. Med. of the foetus.
1876 LeisHMaNn Midwifery xxx. (ed. 2) 565.
ce. Math. (See DECAPITATE v. 1b.)
(1884 Cayiey in Amer, ¥rnl. Math, V1. 1. 10 By decapita-
tion we always diminish the weight, but we do not diminish
the degree. Rey.
2. Zoo/. The spontaneous division and detach-
ment of the hydranths of tubularian Hydrozoa
when mature. (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1882.)
3. U.S. politics. Summary dismissal from office.
1869 NV. ¥. Herald 5 Aug. (Farmer), The clerks in the
Treasury Department begin to feel anxious, as the work of
decapitation will soon e an end of them also,
H. Davis Amer, Const. 35, L have already referred to Jack-
son's wholesale decapitation of the Federal officials upon
his accession to the Presidency.
Dace (dtkee'pite'tar). [f, Decapirate
+-or, after L. type.]
1. One who decapitates. :
1820 Examiner No. 630. 290/1 ays med the decapitators
and pity, for the beh x (Ohio) Dispatch
2 Feb., Mr. S. will be remembered as the official di itor
of fourth-class p 's under Pr Clevela: t
2. Med. An obstetric instrument for decapitation
of the foetus.
1841 F. H. RamssorHam Odstetr. Med. (1851) 371.
in Syd. Soc, Lex. G8s) a
DECARCHY.
| Decapité (diksepite), a. Her. [F. décapité,
ee oot) Heraldry that
: 28 (i one
the Beast has the Head cat of pcb Ri ferent from
Deca: de‘kippd). Zool. [a. F. décapode
(Latreille 1806), ad. mod.L. Decapoda: see next.]
A sb. A member of the Decapoda ; a ten-footed
crustacean ; also, a ten-armed cephalopod; in J/.
=DEcapopa.
835-6 T Oe. Aaa age Fhe, Decapods a
hamden a tarts a pair of fins attached to the ante
1885 C. F. Hotper Marvels Anim. Life 169 1 have never
succeeded in capturing one of these beautiful decapods
[ Spirula] alive.
B. adj. Belonging to the Decapoda,
1835 Kirsy Had. § /nst. Anim. I. xv. 37 In most of the
Decapod Crustaceans the anterior - are become strictly
arms. 1847 CARPENTER Zool. § 892 The Decapod family [of
i} poda (d?kepdda), sb. pl. Zool: [mod.L.
(Latreille 1806), prop. adj. iI. neuter sc. animalia,
a. Gr. dexdmoda, neut. pl. of dexdmous ten-footed.]
1. The highest order of Crustacea, having ten feet
or legs; it includes the lobster, crab, cray-fish,
shrimp, etc.
[1806 Latremte Gen. Crust. et Ins. 1. 9 Crustaceorum
Distributio generalis .. Legio Secunda Malacostraca ..Ordo
I. Decapoda, Décapodes.]_ 1878 Bett Gegenbauer’s Comp.
Anat. 242 In most of the Decapoda, the number of gills is
greatly incr
2, The ten-armed Cephalopoda (order Dibranch-
zata), distinguished from the Octofoda. Called also
Decacera.
1851 RicHarpson Geol. viii. 254 The 10-armed cephalopods,
called decapoda.
Hence Deca‘podal a.; Deca*podan a. and sé. ;
Deca‘podous a.; Decapo'diform a., having the
form or shape of a deca crustacean.
1852 Dana Crust. u. 1528 The two t , the
and Tetradecapodan. 1835-6 Topp Cyc/. Anat. 1. 525/2
eca-
The locomotive appendages of the mantle in the
eee Cenkalapads. 1870 RoLLeston Anim, Life 101 The
ecapodous Crustaceans.
Decapterygious: see DEcA- prefix 1.
+ Deca‘pulate, v. Obs.—° [f. L. *décapulare,
f. dé- away + capulire to pour off (f. capzda small
vessel).]
1623 CockEraM, Decapulate, to
to another. 1727 in Bamey vol. II.
Hence + Decapula‘tion.
1681 tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Decapulation,
a pouring off.
ca'rbonate, v. vare. [Cf. F. décarbonater
and Casson ans | = DECARBONIZE.
1831 J. Hottanp Manuf. Metal 1. 270 They [forks, com-
mon snuffers, etc.) are annealed, or, in other words, decar-
bonated in the requisite degree. 1882 Syd. Soc. Lex.,
Decarbonated, an old term applied to an oxide, such as
quicklime, which has been formed by expelling the carbonic
acid from a carbonate of the metal.
mization. [f. next: see -aTIoNn.]
The action or process of decarbonizing.
« @ J. Hottann Manuf. Metall. 276 To subject the cast
steel .. to the process of decarbonisation. 1835-6 Topp
Cycl. Anat. 1. 428/2 Blood rendered black by d i
carbonization. :
bonize (dika-sbdnoiz), v. [f. De- IL 1
+ CARBONIZE.] trans. To deprive of its carbon
out from one thing
| or carbonic acid. Hence Deca:rbonized f#/. a.,
Decarbonizing v4/. sb. and ppl. a.
1825 E. Turrevt in Philos. Mag. LXV. 421 Ragrerngy
upon decarbonized steel plates. 1836-9 Topp Cyc. Anat.
Il. 493/2 The liver is .. the true decarbonising in the
animal kingdom. 1876 Hartey Mat. Med. 197 n Besse-
mer’s process, liquid crude iron is decarbonised by forcing
air through it by machinery.
x e, v. [Cf F. décarburer and
CarBuRIZE.] =prec. So Decarburized ///. a. ;
Decarburiza‘tion ; Decarbura'tion.
1856 W. Farrparrn in Encycl. Brit, X11. 553/2 The crude
iron is .. decarburised by the action of a blast of air. /did.
553/1 Difficulties have attended the decarburisation of iron
containing so much carbon. /éfd., Converted into malleable
iron .. by decarburation in the refinery, aga Reese in
Metal World No, 22. — soar “ee = amare
the cast iron. 1880 W. operts /ntrod. Metallurgy 33
Yor determia ing the point at which decarburization has
ceased in the Bessemer converter. f
dek- (dekaik), sb. Gr. Hist. [ad.
Gr, dexdpx-ns or *5éxapyxos, f. 5éea ten + -apxns,
-apxos ruler.] One of a ruling body of ten.
Biount Glossogr., Decarck, the same with Dearck
be in or Governor of ten’]. Grote Greece u.
xxii, (1862) VI. 350 As at Athens. .the hs would begin
by putting to death notorious political opponents.
Decarch, dek- (de*kaik),a. Bot. [f. Gr. déea
ten + dpxy beginning, origin.] _ Proceeding from
ten distinct points of origin: said of the primary
xylem (or wood) of the root.
1884 Bower & Scott De Bary’s Phaner. 350 In the two
species mentioned [Lycopodium clavatum, AY um) the
xylem is hexarch to dekarch, very often z
Decarchy, dek- (dekarki). Gr. Hist. [ad.
Gr. 5exapxta: see prec. sb.) =DECADARCHY.
1638 Meve Ef. Dr. Meddus Wks. 1.781 The Beast's
Horns, that is, the ‘eyed’ and ‘mouthed Horn with that
DECARD.
Decarchy of Horns subject to him. 1838 THirLWwALt Greece
IV. 155 A council of ten (a decarchy, as it was commonly
called) nominated by himself, was the ordinary substitute
for all the ancient forms of polly. 1849 Grote Greece 11.
Ixv, The enormities perpetrated by the Thirty at Athens
and by the Lysandrian dekarchies in the other cities.
+ Deca‘rd, v. Obs. [f. De- II. 2+Carp; cf.
OF. descarter and Dr- I. 6.] =Discarp.
1. ¢vans. To throw away or reject (a card) from
the hand; also adso/. Hence Decarded f7/. a.
ec 1sso Manif. Detect. Diceplay C viija, Stealing the
stocke of the decarded cardes, 1608 Macuin Daamb Kuxt.in
Hazl. Dodsley X. 187 Can you decard, madam?
2. gen. To reject, set aside, get rid of, dismiss.
1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. viii. § 5. 34 That..they bee from
thenceforth omitted, decarded, and not continued, 1621
Fretcuer Pilgrim wv, ii. (ed. 1647) You cannot sir; you
have cast those by; decarded’em.
Decardinalize, decasualize: see Dr- II. 1.
Decare: see Drca- prefix 2.
Decarnate (d7ka-met), a. [ad. L. décarnatus
divested or stripped of flesh, f. DE- prep. I. 6 +
carn-em flesh.] Divested of incarnation, no longer
incarnate. So Decarnated /#/. a.
1865 Reader 16 Dec., Logic Comte never liked, but it
became to him at last a sort of devil decarnated. 1886
Ch, Times 42/1 The idea.. that the Incarnate Word will
ever become decarnate.
+ Decarna‘tion. 0és. [f. as prec. with refer-
ence to zzcarnation.}| Deliverance from the flesh
or from carnality.
1648 W. Mountacue Devout Ep. u. i. 13 Gods incarna-
tion inableth man for his own decarnation, as I may say,
and devesture of carnality.
[a. OF.
+ Decart, v. Sc. Ods. Also decairt.
descarter, £. des-, de- (DE- 1. 6) + carte CARD.] =
Dercarp, D1scarD.
@ 1572 Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I, 262 The articles of
his beleve war ; ‘I Referr: Decarte yow’ [etc.]. @ 1605
MontGomerie Mise. Poents xxxii. 87 Zour vter ansueir cour-
teously I crave, Quhom 3e will keep, or vhom 3e will decairt.
164r R. Baur Lett. §& Frnds. (1841) I. 303 He hes such
a hand among the ministris and others that it was not
thought meet to decairt him.
Decart v., to turn out of a cart: see DE- IT. 2.
+ Deca's. Ods.vare—1. [a. OF. *decas, ad. med.
L. décdsus falling down, decay.] Decay, ruin.
1393 Gower Conf. I. 32 The walle and al the citee withinne
Stant in ruine and in decas [7#e was].
Decasemic, -sepalous, -spermal, -sperm-
ous: see DEcaA- I,
+ Deca‘ss, v. Obs. rare. [a. OF. decasser,
desquasser to break or beat down, f. de-, des- (DE-
I. 1, 3) + casser to break: see Cassv.] ¢rans. To
discharge, dismiss, cashier.
1579 Fenton Guwicciard. 1170 They decassed hym from
his charge.
Decastellate (dikz:stéleit), v. rare. [f. med.
L. décastellare, f. DE- I. 6 + castellare to CASTEL-
LATE.] 7¢vans. To deprive of its castellation, take
away the battlements of.
1880 A. Tu. Drane Hist, St.Cath, Siena 356 To sanction the
dismantling, or rather decastellating of one of the fortresses.
Decastere: see DEca- prefix 2.
Decastich (dekastik). rare. [f. Gr. dea ten
+arixos verse.] A poem of ten lines.
[x60x Hottanp Pliny II. 4o2 This Decasticon.] c 1645
Howe t Lett. 6 Oct. 1632 According to your friendly re-
quest, I send you this decastic.
Decastyle (dekastail), a Arch. [mod. ad.
L. decastylus, a. Gr. 5exdorbAos having ten columns,
f, 5éea ten + -orvAos column. Cf. F. décastyle
(1694 in Hatzf.), décastile (1762 in Acad. Dict.).]
Consisting of ten columns ; (of a building) having
ten columns in front. Also sé. A portico or colon-
nade of ten columns,
1727-51 Cuampers Cycl. Decastyle, in the antient archi-
tecture, a building with an ordonnance of ten columns in
front.—The temple of Jupiter Olympius was decastyle. Zdid.
s.v. Hypethros, Of hypxthrons, some were decastyle, others
Byra se, AILFY vol. II, Decastyle, that has 10
illers, 1832 W. Wirkins in Philol. Museum 1. 543 We
should have an vont fe and a hexastyle temple as illustra-
tions of the hypethral decastyle species.
Decasyllabic (dekasilebik), a. (sé.) [f. Gr.
déca ten+SyLLaBic. Cf. F. décasyllabique (1752 in
Hatzf.).] Consisting of ten syllables. b. sb. A
line of ten syllables.
@ 1771 Gray Observ. Eng. Metre Wks. 1843 V. 242 Spenser
has also given an instance of the decasyllabic measure.
1837-9 Hattam Hist. Lit. 1. viii. § 28 Every line is regu-
larly and harmoniously de: labic. 1854 Emerson Lest,
& Soc. Aims, Poet. & I; nag. ks. (Bohn) III. 159 The deca-
syllabic quatrain, 1880 S. Lane-Poote in Macm. Mag.
No. 246. 498 Over four thousand lines of decasyllabics have
not stifled his fervour.
Decasyllable (dekasi-lib’l), sd. and a. [f.
Gr, 5éea ten + SYLLABLE. Cf. F. décasyliabe adj.
and sb.] sd. A line of ten syllables. adj. Of ten
syllables.
1837-9 Hatiam Hist Lit. 1. viii. § 28 The normal type, or
decasyllable line. 1859 THAcKERAy Virgin. texix, tbe
rather hear Mrs. Warrington’s artless prattle than your de-
clamation of Mr. Warrington’s decasyllables, 1892 Academy
17 Sept, 230/2 The decasyllable couplet,
|
|
|
|
|
87
|| Decasy‘llabon. 02s. [a. assumed Gr. dexa-
avaAdafor, neuter of -os adj.: ef. prec. and Gr.
diadAAaBos, -ov, etc.] A ten-syllable verse.
1589 Nasue /xtrod. Greene's Menaphon (Arb.) 6 The
spacious volubilitie of a drumming decasillabon.
+ Decate'ssarad. Os. nonce-wd. [f. late
Gr. 5exatrécoapes = téccapes wat d5éxa fourteen +
-AD.] A poem of 14 lines.
1600 J. Metvitt Diary (1842) 437 In memoriall wharoff
this Decatessarad was maid.
Decatho'licize, v. [Dx- II. 6 + Carnort-
c1zE.] trans. To deprive of catholicity or Catho-
licism ; to divest of its catholic character.
1794 Barruel'’s Hist, Clergy Fr. Rev. (1795) 63 But then
France would not have been decatholicised. 1867 Ch. Times
18 May 175/2 Means by which the Book of Common Prayer
may be uecatholicised. 1889 Catholic Union Gaz. 27 note,
If you wish to regenerate France, first decatholicise her.
Decatyl (dekatil). Chem. [f. Gr. déear-os
tenth +-yL.] A synonym of Drcyt, the univalent
hydrocarbon radical C,, Hg.
1869 Roscor Elem. Chent. 333 We.. consider this body as
decatyl hydride, and as not belonging to the amyl group.
Decaudate (d7ko-deit), v. [f. De- I. 1 + L.
cauda tail+-atE %.] trans. To deprive of the tail.
1864 V. § QO. V. 165 The P. was originally an R. which
has had the misfortune to be dacaudated.
So Decau-dalize v. monce-wd.
1840 New Monthly Mag. LVIII. 273 Puss..was decau-
dalized.
Decay (diké!+), sb. For forms see the verb. [f.
Decay v. Cf. med.L. dechedum in Du Cange.]
1. The process of falling off from a prosperous or
thriving condition ; progressive decline; the condi-
tion of one who has thus fallen off or declined.
¢ 1460 Fortescur Ads. §& Lin. Afon. xvi, The estate off
pe Romans .. hath ffallen alwey sythyn, into suche decay,
pat nowe [etc.]. 1558 Br. Watson Sev. Sacram. i. 3 He
repayreth all our decaies in grace. 1587 Mirr. Alag.,
Albanact \xvi, Discord brings all kingdomes to decay.
16rr Biste Lev, xxv. 35 If thy brother bee waxen poore,
and fallen in decay with thee. 1718 Hickes & NELSON
FS. Kettlewell 1. § 103. 439 Perceiving ..a very Sensible
Decay of his Spirits. 1856 Froupe 7st. Lng. (1858) I. i.
g At present, the decay of a town implies the decay of the
trade of the town. 1874 GREEN Short Hist. v. § 3. 228 The
decay of the University of Paris ..had transferred her
intellectual supremacy to Oxford.
b. Formerly sometimes = Downfall, destruc-
tion, ruin ; Zoe. fall, death. Ods.
1535 CoveRDALE Ps. cv[i]. 36 They worshipped their
ymages, which turned to their owne decaye. 1590 SPENSER
#. Q. 1. vi. 48 In hope to bring her to her last decay. did.
11. ix. 12 Fly fast, and save yourselves from neare decay.
1593 SHaks. Lucy. 516 To kill thine honour with thy liues
decaie. 1595 — Yoh iv. iii. 154. a 1724 Battle of Harlaw
xxv. in Ramsay Evergreen, Grit Dolour was for his Decay,
‘That sae unhappylie was slain.
+2. Falling off (in quantity, volume, intensity,
etc.) ; dwindling, decrease. Oés.
1636 Brunt Voy. Levant (1637) 46 The opinion of our
decay in stature from our forefathers. 1662 STILLINGFL.
Orig. Sacr, u1. iv. § 6 The decay of many of them [springs]
in hot and dry weather. 1669 A. Browne As Pict.(1675) 39
The shadows. .being caused by the decay of the light. 1691
‘T. H{are] Acc. New Invent. p. Ixxxiv, Complaints were
brought to the Council-Board, of the great Decay of that
River. 1816 J. Smirn Panorama Sc. & Art 11. 62 The
decay of sound has been supposed by some to be nearly in
the direct ratio of the distances.
3. Of material things: Wasting or wearing away,
disintegration ; dilapidation, ruinous condition.
1523 Fitzners. Surv. 1 Those castelles .. that be fallen in
dekay and nat inhabyted. c 1600 Suaks. Sonn. xiii. g Who
lets so fair a house fall to decay? 1786-7 tr. Keys/er's
Trav. (1760) II. 248 That edifice, by length of time, fell to
dorey and lay in ruins. 1839 KricutLey Hist. Eng. 11.
4 ‘The decay of these sacred edifices.
+b. fl. Dilapidations; concr. ruined remains,
tuins, debris, detritus. (Rarely in s¢zg.) Ods.
1582 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 427 The
Bayliffs .. shall .. make relation unto this howsse what the
decayes are. 1615 G. Sanpys Trav. 176 Beyond are the
decayes of a Church. 1632 Lirucow Jrav. v. 200 The
decayes whereof being much semblable to .. the stony
heapes of Jericho, 1655 Futter Ch. HZst. 1. vi. § 26. 82
Jehoida was careful to amend the decayes of the Temple.
1777. G. Forster Voy. round World t 313 A vegetable
mould, mixed with volcanic decays.
Jig. 1605 Suaxs. Lear v. iii. 297 What comfort to this
great decay may come Shall be appli’d 1662 Sourn Sev7z.
I. ii. Gex. 1, 27 And certainly that must needs have been
very glorious the decayes of which are so admirable,
¢e. fig. The gradual ‘wearing down’ of words or
phonetic elements in language.
1 Saycr Compar. Philol. i. 18 Contraction and decay
may be carried so far as to become an idiosyncracy of a
particular language. 1877 Pariton Man. Comp. Philology
iv. 56 The principle of ‘ Phonetic Decay’, which plays so
large a part in the history of language.
4. Decline of the vital energy or faculties (through
disease or old age); breaking up of the health and
constitution ; formerly also (with #/.), effect, mark,
or sign of physical decay.
¢ 1600 SHaks, Soun. xi, Age and could decay, 16rx B.
Jonson Catzline u1. i, She has been a fine lady... and paints,
and hides Her decays very well, 1720 Woprow Corr.(1843)I1.
498 Notwithstanding my great age and decays, I am able to
preach. .in the largest meeting-house in Boston, 1752 Jonn-
son Rambler No, 203 ? 12 In the pains of disease, and the
DECAY.
languor of decay. 1860 Hook Lives A dfs, (1869) I. vii. 421
The archbishop .. had begun to show symptoms of decay.
+b. sfec. Consumption, phthisis ; ‘a decline’,
1725 N. Rosinson 7h. Physick 150 A perfect Hectic,
which inseparably accompanies Wastes, Decays, and Con-
sumptions. 1746 Berkecry Let. Tar-Water § 23 Dropsies,
decays, and other maladies. 1828 Scotr Hrt, M//d/. xviii,
Her son that she had left at hame weak of a decay.
5. The destructive decomposition or wasting of
organic tissue; rotting. _
1594 Par Fewell-ho. 1. 42 One day, or two, before you
feare the decay of your decoction, set the same on the fire.
1748 F. Smirx Voy. I. 138 Such Wood as is upon the Decay,
but not yet become rotten. 1771 J. HUNTER Hist. Teeth 122
Fill the hole with lead, which prevents the pain and retards the
decay. 1775 Harris Philos. Arrangem., The body ceases to
live, and the members soon pass into putrefaction and decay,
1860 Ruskin Mod, Paint. V. vit. i. 159 The decay of leaves.
1878 L.P. MerepituH 7¢eth 115 The teeth will come together,
and further decay will almost infallibly result.
+6. A cause of decay; the ‘destruction’ or ‘ruin
of’ anything. Ods.
1563 Homilies u. x. Pt. i, Som worldly witted men think
it a great decaye to the quiete and prudent gouernynge of
their commonwealthes to geue eare to the simple and playne
rules.. of our Sauiour. 1584 PoweL Léoya's Cambria 21
This partition is the very decaie of great families. c 1600
Suaks, Son. xxx, My loue was my decay. 1674 Woop
Life (O. H. S.) Il. 300 The decay of study, and con-
sequently of learning, are coffy houses. 1690 Cuitp Disc.
Trade (ed. 4) 235 Trade, to which the high rate of Usury is
a great prejudice and decay.
7. Failure of payment or rent; arrears. Ods.
[med.L. decasus redditus, decatum.]
1546 in Exg. Gilds (1870) 199 The possessiones of the
Guyld, wyth the decayes, ben yerly valued at [ete.]. /d/d.,
Decayes and defautes of Rentes. 1546 A7evz. Ripon (Surtees)
III. 31 One Annuall Rent..in decay and not payde.
Decay (dékéi:), v. Forms; 5- decay; also
5-6 dekay(e, dekey, 6-7 decaye, -aie. [a.
OF. decair, dekair (subj. pres. decaze\, var. of
decaotr, dechaotr, decheoir, now déchoir =: Sp. de-
caer, Pg. decahir, Vt. decadére, a Com. Rom.
compound of de- down + cadére=L. cadére to fall.
The F. forms in -ez7, -o7r correspond to the -ée
type, those in -2r in OF. and Pg. have passed over
to the -7ve conjugation.] I. intr.
1. To fall off (in quality or condition); to deterio-
rate or become impaired ; to lose its characteristic
quality, strength, or excellence; to be in a failing
condition.
1494 Fasyan Chron, v. xcv. 69 The seruyce of God.. by
mean of ye Saxons was greatly decayde through all Brytayne.
1511-2 Act 3 Hen. VIII, c. 3 Preamb., Archerie.. is right
litell used, but dayly mynessheth, decayth and abateth. 1583
Stuspes Anat, A bus. u. (1882) 73 Whereby learning greatlie
decaieth. 1602 RowLanps Kind Gossips (1609) 18 His loue
to me now daily doth decay. 1677 YARRANTON Exg. iprov.
49 Common Honesty is necessary for Trade, and without it
‘Trade will decay. 1728 Pork Duc. 1. 277 How Prologues
into Prefaces decay. 1812 J. Witson /sle of Palins 111.273 En-
tranced there the Lovers gaze Till every human fear decays.
b. To decline from prosperity or fortune.
1483 Act x Rich. [//, c. 12 § 1 The Artificers of this seid
Realme .. ben_ greatly empoveresshed and dailly dekeyn.
1483 Caxton Cato H ij, lt is seen selde the juste to dekaye
ne to haue nede. 1535 CoverDALE Pov. x1. 11 When the
iust are in wealth, the cite prospereth: but whan the
vngodly haue the rule, it decayeth. 1663 Pepys Diary
1s May, The Dutch decay there [in the East Indies]
exceedingly, 1816 Scott O/d Mort, i, Ancient. .families..
decayed into the humble vale of life.
+2. To fall off or decrease (in number, volume,
amount, intensity, etc.) ; to dwindle away. Ods.
1489 Act 4 Hen. VII, c. 16 ‘The which Isle is lately de-
cayed of people. 1568 Biste (Bishops’) od xiv. 11 The
fludde decayeth and dryeth vp. 1634 Sir T, Hersert 77az’.
168 It became a hard question, whether my spirits or Gold
decayed faster. 1691 T. H[ate] Acc. New /nvent. p. xc,
The Shipping and Number of our Seamen were decay’d
about a third part. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. Jud. 67 The Water
drank is usually Rain-water preserved in Tanks, which decay-
ing, they are forced to dig Wells. 1725 Pore Odyss, x11.
237 Till, dying off, the distant sounds decay. ¢1790 Im1son
Sch, Art, I, 126 The candle will burn a minute ; and then,
having gradually decayed from the first instant, will go out.
3. To fall into physical ruin; to waste away,
wear out, become ruined.
1494 Fasyan Chron, m1, lvi. 36 Aruiragus .. with great
dilygence Repayred Cyties and Townes before decayed.
1570-6 LAMBARDE Peramb. Kent (1826) 283 This house,
by that time .. was decaied, either by age, or flame, or
bothe. 1635 Mitton Ox Hodson ii, Made of sphere metal,
never to decay Until his revolution was at stay. 1694 Cod/.
Sev. Late Voy. (1711) I. 45 There was Water over the Salt,
which began to decay with the Rain and Weather being
onit. 1748 F.Smitu Voy. I. 51 The Ise being inseparable,
as it was very little decayed.
b. To suffer decomposition ; to rot.
580 Baret Aly, D 178 That soone is ripe, doth soone
lecaie. 1737 Pore Hor. Efist. u. ii. 319 As winter fruits
grow mild ere they decay, 1771 J. HuntER Hist. Teeth 122
When an opening is made into the cavity of the Tooth, the
inside begins to decay. 1851 CARPENTER J/an. Phys. (ed. 2)
22 The parent-cell having arrived at its full development ..
dies and decays.
4. To fall off in vital energy; to lose health and
strength (of body or faculties); also, to lose the
bloom of youth and health.
r Srarkey England 1. ii, 48 Wythout the wych hys
nee long can not be maynteynyd; but, schetiv: of
necesstye hyt must dekay.
1655 CuLreprer Riverius 1, xi
DECAYABLE.
z His Imagination to decay. 1712-14 Pore Rape
ock vy. ut since, alas ! frail beauty must decay. 1795
SouTHEy Yous of Arc Vu. 337 Feel life itself with that false
hope decay. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 20 An author
whose original powers are beginning to decay.
II. “rans.
+5. To cause to fall off or deteriorate. Ods.
1 More Com/f. agst. Trib. 1. Wks. 1200/2 For feare
of decaying the common wele, men are driuen to put male-
factors to pain. 3565 Jewer Def. Afol. (1611) 362 We haue
decaied no mans Power or right. 1665 Maney Grotius’
Low C. Warres 299 His last five years had much decayed
his Reputation. 1691 Locke Lower. /nterest Wks. 1727 11.
38 A High Interest decays Trade. —
+6. To cause to fall off (in number, amouni,
etc.) ; to reduce, cause to dwindle. Obs.
1 Crow.ey Efigr. 734 Yet can there nothynge My
flocke more decaye, ‘Then when hyrelynges suffer My shepe
oastraye. 1600 Hottanp Livy. xlix. 35a, When he had
lecaied the number of the nobles. a@ 1626 Bacon Max. &
Uses Com. Law iv. (1636) 23 If I do decay the game whereby
there is no Deere. ‘ ae
+7. To waste or ruin physically ; to disintegrate,
dilapidate ; to bring to decay or ruin. Ods.
1536 Exhort. North in Furniv, Ballads from MSS. 1. 306
Downe streght tothe grownde Many are besy them [abbeys]
to dekay. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. vili. § 6 (1873) 72
Palaces, temples, castles, cities, have been decayed and de-
molished. 1636 Sir H. BLount Voy. Levant (1637) 46 Where
there were any raine, it would settle. .and decay the build-
ing. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 239 No time will impair or
decay those Grey Kentish Bricks. —_
b. To destroy by decomposition; to rot.
1616 B. Jonson Divell an Asse w. iii, [It] decayes the
fore-teeth. 1626 Bacon Sy/va § 995 To lay that which you
cut off to putrefie, to see whether it will decay the rest of
the stock. 1703 I. N. City & C. Purchaser 210 Lime and
Wood are insociable, the former very much corrodeing and
decaying the latter. 1893 Mrs. A. Arnon in MWestm. Gaz.
27 Feb. 9/2 Is it probable that a blooming girl would defile
her breath, decay her teeth, and damage her complexion
[by smoking] ? ‘
. To cause (the body or faculties) to fail in
vital energy, health, or beauty.
1540-54 Croke Ps. (Percy Soc.) 24 Ther is no tyme can
the decaye. 1568 E. Titney Disc. Mariage Cjb, Wine..
if it be abused. .decaying womens bewtie. a 1668 DenHam
Of Old Age 217 ‘But Age’, ’tis said, ‘ will memory decay ‘f
1713 ADDISON Guardian No. 120 ®7 Almost every thing
which corrupts the soul decays the body. 1718 Lapy M.W.
Montacu Let. to C’tess of Mar 10 Mar., She had the re-
mains of a fine face. .more decayed by sorrow than time.
Decayable (d/keab l); a: (f£. Decay vw. +
-ABLE. Cf. OF. decheable.] Capable of, or liable
to, decay ; perishable.
1617 Moryson Ttin. u. ut. i. 243 Such victuals as are
decaiable. 16.. I. Avams Ws. (1861-2) III. 111 (D.) Were
His strength decayable with time there might be some hope
in reluctation. 1640 Br. Hatt Zféisc. mt. vii. 252 His
truths are..not changeable by time, not decayable by age.
1889 loice (N. Y.) 14 Mar., 13 dead cats, besides other de-
cayable matter, were found.
Deca ed (dikéi-d), ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ED.]
1. Fallen off, impaired, or reduced in quality,
condition, health, freshness, prosperity, fortune, etc.
1513 Douctas 4neis x1. Prol. 148 To haue bene in
welth and hartis blys, And now to be dekeit and in wo.
1563 Homilies 11. [dleness, To reliefe such decayed men
in syckenes. 1577 B. Gooce Heresbach’s Husb. w. (1586)
190b, For the comforting..of a decayed memorie. 1605
ERSTEGAN Dec. Intell. Pref. Ep., A restitution of decaied
intelligence. 1677 YARRANTON Eng. Improv. 16 The neg-
lected, and I may say decayed Trade of Fishing. 1711
Appison Sfect. No. 164 Pt Theodosius was the younger
Son of a decayed Family. 1766 Forvyce Serm, Vng.Wom.
(1767) II. viii. 29 A decayed beauty. 1863 H. Cox /nstit. 1.
viii. 97 It was contended that decayed boroughs ought to
be disfranchised. 1893 Bookman June 83/1 A decayed
civilization with many repulsive features.
2. Physically wasted or impaired ; that has begun
to crumble or fall in pieces or to rot ; ruined.
oy Garpnier in Pocock Rec. Ref. I. xlvi. 89 The pope
lieth in an old palace..ruinous and decayed. 1599 Buttes
Dyets Dry Dinner Dvb, Walnuts .. repaire decated teeth.
1632 Lirucow 7'rav. vi. 247 Thence wee came to the
decayed lodging of Caiphas. a1716 Brackatt Ws. (1723)
I. 147 Wine, tho’ it be decayed..is nevertheless useful as
Vinegar. 1794 S.Wituiams Vermont 80 Formed of decayed
or rotten leaves. 1883 Daily News 17 May 6/1 Decayed
gooseberry—a sickly, bluish lilac.
Decay‘edness. Leap Decayed condition.
1647 Crarennon /ist. Red, v. (1702) I. 544 Their lowness,
and decaiedness of their Fortunes. 1719 Lonpon & Wisk
Compl. Gard. p. xx, The decayedness of the Trees.
(dfké-a1). [-ER.] One who, or that
which, causes decay ; a waster.
axg4x Wyatt in Tottell’s Misc. (Arb.) 63 The enmy of
life, decayer of all kinde. 1602 Suaks. Ham. vy. i. 188 Your
water is a sore Decayer of your horson dead body. 169
'T. H[ate] Acc. New /nvent. 81 This Sheathing is an extra-
ordinary decayer of the Iron-work. 1711 Appison Sect.
No. 73 Old Age is likewise a great Decayer of your Idol.
i (dfkéin), vl. sb. [-1NG 1.) The
action a the verb Decay.
1530 Pauscr. 212/1 Decayeng of a thyng, 7ine, deca-
dence, decline. 1632 idaarnoee City Madam 1. i, These
a leg and foot], indeed, wench, are not so subject to decay-
— the face. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 1. 396 ‘This
. has been in a state of thriving and decaying many times.
Decay ing pl. a. [-ING2.] That decays; fall-
ing off, eclining ; falling into ruin ; decomposing.
1 PatsGr. 3009/2 Deka 7 ., 1891 SHAKs.
I Pex VI, u. v. 1 Kind poo ts of my weihe decaying
88
“Age. 1651 Hones Leviath.1. ii. 5 Imagination. .is nothing
but decaying sense. 1774 Pennant Jour Scoti, in 772. 4
The castle is a decaying Re Macautay Hist. 4
aw
ae ee
—
DECEIT.
1. That has departed this life, dead, ‘departed’ ;
asp. lately dead, ‘late’. pads ps :
1V. 629 Her decaying in commerce. 1884 . € 1489 Caxton Semen of 4 on ix. 227 After that a man
Reports 16 Q. Bench Div. 65 A house. .si inadecaying 7,006 9 x p. Berners /voiss, 1. cexliy.
ee Hid, Aa chow of decaying, lenves. | me ‘ a eee 3 Se Pe Wis B45
i ie UN, Ei fr, 1
Decay'less, «. rare. [f. Decay sh. + -LES88.] 10 [He] hig commended the parties discessed. 1386 4
Not subject to decay, undecaying. | Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 6 deceased of him
1828 Morr Castle of Time Wks. 1852 11. 399 For shadows __ that loved Momany Levdath. IIL. XXXVili. 242
..Left not a trace on that decayless sky. 1864 Neate | deceasedGiants. 1762Gotpsm. Cit. W,xii, There. .I shallsee
Seaton. Poems 155 Untended, decayless, Sleeping the infinite
sleep, the monarch re; ;
Decayue, obs. form of DECEIVE.
Dece, obs. form of Dats.
Deceaph, -ue, Deceat, obs. ff. DEcEIvE,
DEcEIT.
Decease (disi's), sd. Forms: a. 4. deces,
deses, dises, 4-7 decess(e, 5 decez, dicese, 6
dicesse, Sc. deceis, 7 deceyse, 5- decease. 8.
4 desces, Sc. desceiss, 4-5 dessece, 5 desseyse,
discese, -cees, -sese, -sees, dysces, -sees, -seys,
-sease, 5-6 disease, dyssesse, 6 Sc. diseis. [ME.
deces, etc., a. F. décds, ad, L. décess-us departure,
death, ybl. sb. f. ppl. stem of décédére to depart, go
away. In OF. often also desces (see DE- pref. 1.6),
hence also in ME. with des-, dis-, dys-, spellings
which often confused it in form with DISEASE.
See the vb.] Departure from life ; death.
In its origin a euphemism (L. décessus for mors), and still
slightly euphemistic or at least less harsh and realistic than
death» it is the common term in legal and technical lan-
guage where the legal or civil incidence of death is in
| question, without reference to the act of dying.
a. ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron.(1810) 15 After his fader decesse.
/bid. 126 If pat Henry die, or Steuen mak his deses. 1440
Gesta Rom. \v. 237 (Harl. MS.) Aftir hir dicese, pe Em-
peroure weddid anober woman. 151 More in Grafton
Chron. V1. 761 At the time of his Ethers decease. 1654
Gataker Disc. Apol. 79 The decesse of one Pope..and
entrance of another. 1751 Smotitett Per. Pic. Ixxiii, A
groan which announced his decease. 1818 Cruise Digest
ed. 2) II. 289 In case his said daughter should die without
issue of her body living at her decease. 1849 Lincarp //is¢.
Zong. (1855) I. vi. 182/2 The surname of ‘ the Confessor * was
given to him [Edward] from the bull of his canonization,
issued by Alexander III, about a century after his decease.
B. c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 254 After Blanche
desces. ¢ 1350 Will. Palerne 4101 After mi dessece. ¢ 1440
Cesta Rom. xv. 49 Aftere his dissese. Fasyan Chron.
vy. cxxxi. 113 Worde came to hym of his faders disease,
1580 Lyty /uphues (Arb.) 293 A Lady..who after the
disease of hir Father hadde three sutors.
y. 1417 E. E. Wills (1882) 29 After pe sesse [corruption
| of decease) of her.
| decedére, décessus in senses ‘die, death’ ;
+b. Said of the death of many; mortality,
slaughter. Oés.
1513 Dovctas 42neis xu. ix. 5 Sa feill and diuers slauch-
teris as war thair, And gret deces of dukis.
Decease (dis7's), v. Forms: a. 5 decess,
-sesse, 5-6 -cesse, 5-7 -ceasse, 6 -cese, -sece,
dicesse, Sc. deceiss, 6- decease. 8. 5 disceas,
-ceyse, -sese, -sease, 5-6 -cess(e, -cease, 6 de-
scece, -cess, -sece, disceasse, dyscess, -cece,
-scesse, -sese, -sesse, disease. Ue DeEcEASE sé.
Taken as the Eng. repr. of L, décédere and F. dé-
céder, In L, decédére and discedére were nearly
synonymous in the sense ‘ depart, go away’, and
in med.L. déiscédtre, discessus, were also used for
hence
OF. descds = decés, and the ME. and 16th c. forms
in des-, dis-, dys-, some of which were identical with
variant spellings of disease. Cf. the sb.]
intr. To depart from life; to die.
a. 1439 E. E. Wills (1882) 123 Yf the saide Iohn decesse
withoute heires. 1513 More Rich. /// Wks. 36/2 So
deceased. .this noble id nge. 1623 Favine 7heat. Hon.
1x. i. 356 Deceassing without children. Futter Holy
War i. x. (1840) 132 Queen Sibyll who deceased of the
plague. 1 tfe pe Abbot 41 He deceased at his
palace of Croydon. 1 Brownnc Ring & Bk. wv. 103 If
the good fat ard man. .decease. . being childless.
B. 1439 E. E. Wills (1882) 123 If he discesse without
heires. 1463 Bury Wills (1850) 28 As God disposith for
me to dissese. 1530 Patsar. 517/2, I discease, I dye or
departe out of this worlde. 1556 Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden)
41 Thys yere the good qwene Jane dessecid the xxiij. day
of October.
+b. Zo decease this world (cf. to depart this
life). Obs. rare.
11g Epitaph in Wood Ath, Oxen., James Stanley..who
decessed thys transytory wourld the xxii of March.
e. fig. To come to an end, perish; CEASE.
1538 Lichfield Gild Ord. 8 Bring the parti
justice done to deceased merit. 1810 Worpsw. /ss. Epitaphs
Wks, (1888) 814/1 The ch ad d friend.
Law Times XCV. 82/1 The heir of a deceased licence-
Jig. t Suaxs. 2 Hen. IV, m. i. 81 Figuring the
nature of the Times deceas'd.
b. Deceased wife's sister question: the question of a
widower's pay the sister of his deceased wife, such
a earrings being legal in some countries and illegal in
others.
2. absol. +a. pl. The deceased: those who are
dead, the dead (0és.). b. The person (lately) dead,
or Ngee death is in question.
1625 Massincer New Way vy. i, It might have ed me
of little love To the deceased. " TON ay ak
Shall the deceas’d arise? 175r Smottett Per. Pic. civ,
e..sealed up all the papers of the deceased. Cc.
Petuam Chron. Crime (1886) 11. 349 An inquest was held
upon the remains of deceased at the Dog and Gun. 1841
Lytron Nt. § Morn. 1. i, Mr. Jones. .promised to read the
burial-service over the deceased.
+ Decea‘sure. 00s. rare.
-URE ; corresp. to a L. ty wet
1580 Lopce Ford. & Prisc. (Shaks. Soc.) 97 To
deceasure and her froward destinie.
Deceave, etc., obs. form of DECEIVE v.
+ Decede, v. Ols. [ad. L. dééd-tre to go
away, depart, remove, f. Dr- J. 2 + cédére to go.
(French has had décéder in sense ‘to die’ since
15th c.).] zr. To depart; to secede; to give
place, yield.
1655 Futter Ch. Hist. v. iii. $25 To justifie the English
Reformation, from the scandal of Schisme, to shew, that
they had 1. Just cause for which, 2. True authority by
which they deceded from Rome. 1658 J. Wess tr. Cie
patra vit. 11. 63 That violent passion..deceding to the
itty she conceived. 1 J. Serceant Solid Philos. 262
Vith their Quantity and Figure acceding and deceding to
the Individuum.
Decedent (dés7dént), sd. (a.) [ad. L. décé-
dent-em, pr. pple. of décédére to depart, die.]
A. sb. One who retires from an office (ods.),
deceases, or dies; a deceased person. U. S., chiefly
in Law.
1599 Craururp Hist. Univ. Edind. (1880) 52 Mr. Andrew
Young .. was appointed to succeed to the next decedent.
1730 Br, Witson in Keble Life xxi. (1869) 7 Taking
care of orphan's and decedent’s goods. ti "Waoeree,
Decedent, a a rson. Laws of Pennsylv. 1884
Boston (Mass.) ¥rni. Jan., In North Andover last year
there were 65 deaths. ‘I'wenty-two of the decedents were
more t 72.
+ B. adj. (See quot.) Obs.—°
1727 Baitey vol. LI, Decedent, adj. departing, going away.
Deceife, Deceipt, Deceis(s, obs. ff. Decrive,
Deceit, DECEASE.
Deceit (dist). Forms: a. 4 deseyt(e, 4-5
-sait(e, 4-6 -ceyt(e, 4-7 -ceite, 5 -sayte, -sate,
[f. DecEasE v. +
Decease.
lament my
| 6 -ceat, -seite, -seytte, -saitte, -sette, 4- deceit.
B. 5 deceipte, 5-7 -ceipt, 5-6 -cept(e. +. 4-6
desceit, -sayte, 5 desseit, -seyt(e, -sait, -sate,
6 desceyt. 5. 4 disseyte, -saite, -sayte, Sv.
dissat, 4-5 disseit, -ceite, 5 dissayet, dysseyte,
-sayt, 5-6 dissait, -sate, dis-, dysceyt(e, 5-7
disceit, 6 -ceat(e, -sayt(e. «€, 6 dis-, dyscept,
-ceipte. [ME. deceite, deseyte, desatte, etc., a. OF.
deceite, -eyte (later degotte): sb. fem. from pa. pple.
of deceveir, décevoir, with assimilation of vowel, as
in deceive. (Cf. CONCEIT.)
In ME, and early mod.Eng. with many varieties of spell-
ing, partly inherited from Fr., partly due to Eng. change of
consequent interchange of ¢ and s,
forms as desait, Sc. desate. In OF, the
spelling was sometimes assimilated to Latin decepfa, as de-
cepte, whence in Eng. deceifte. Butin both langs. the was
mute; the oldest Gower MSS. have deceipte, deceite, but
the word rimes with s¢reite (strait); the ordinary 17th c.
pronunciation rimed it with -a#¢, as in Wither @ 1667 dait:
deceit ; cf. the common 16th c. spellings in -sait, -sate, -ceat.
‘The narrowing of @ to 7 came later, In OF. t
was sometimes changed to des- (see Dr- I. 6), whi
very common in ME., and was here, moreover, in the
general alteration of the French form des- back tothe Latin
dis-, subjected to the same change, so as to gi
ei to ai, ay,
whence arose such
parties togeth
that ther may be made a good end, and discord clene
desecedd. xg9x Syivester Du Bartas 1. vii. (1641) 60/2
How often had this world deceast, except Gods mighty arms
had it upheld and kept. 1635 Swan Sfec. M1. (1670) 93 This
circle never corrupteth nor deceaseth.
Hence + Decea‘sing 2//. sb,, death, decease.
gor Percivat. Sf. Dict., Finamiento, the dieng, the
deceasing, death. 169r_E. Taytor Behmen's Threcfold
Life xviii. 313 At deceasing of the Body.
Deceased
(disist, poet, disised), ppl. a.
Forms: see DECEASE v.; also 7 deceast. =
DecEASE v.+-ED!, From the intermixture of the
prefixes de- and dis-, and of the letters ¢ and s, it
was frequently written diseased.]
ve, in 15-
r6th c.,such odd spellings as dis-ceat, dis-sait, dis-sate (all
mening di,sé*t): cf. Decetve.) ‘
1. The action or practice of deceiving ; conceal-
ment of the truth in order to mislead ; deception,
fraud, cheating, false dealing.
¢ 1300 A. Adis. 6157 ~ 9 queyntise to don, other deseyte.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7, ? 703 Deceipt bitwixe marchaunt
3393 Gower Conf. II, 318 And that he
‘or she began to axe him streit.
ne theft loke thou do non.
vbi dessate. 1535 COVERDALE
and marchaunt.
dide for deceipt,
Aupetay Poems 6
Cath. A
wed. iii. 8 Shi
1358
wylis.
deceit and
DECEIT,
knavery, and fraud of the European traders. 1849 Ruskin
Sev. Lamps ii. § 6. 32 Gilding, which in architecture is no
deceit, because it is therein not understood for gold.
b. in Law.
[x275 Act 3 Edw. J, c.29 Nul manere deceyte ou collu-
sion.] 1495 Nottingham Rec. U1. 285 Accion of desseyte
ffor brekynge off promyse. 1531 Dial. on Laws Eng. u.
xlii. (1638) 135 A false returne whereupon an action of disceit
lyeth. 1672 Gowns, Deceit. .isa subtle, wily shift or device,
having no other name. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) 1V. 294
All manner of deceit is hereby avoided in deeds.
+e. Phr. J decett of: so as to deceive; so to
the deceit of, upon d., under d. With no deceit,
without decect; without mistake, assuredly, cer-
tainly, Oés.
ay 3 Edw. I,c. 29 De fere la en deceyte de la Court.]
1303 R. Brunne Hand/. Synne 3814 He durst come oute on
no party Of all be twelve monbe web no deseyt. c1350 Wid.
Palerne 2041 Wiboute disseyte, I wold alle hire werk do
jou wite sone. 1393 Lanct. P. PZ. C. 1. 77 Hus sele sholde
no3t be sent in deceit of be puple. c 1425 Hamfole’s Psalter
Metr. Pref. 32 Betwene dancastir and Poumefreyt this is
pe way..euen bye da wip out deseyt. 1534 /udictm. Eliz.
Bocking in Hall Chron. (1550) 221 To the great deceit of
the prince and people of this realme. 1535 CovERDALE
1 Chron. xiii. 17 Yf ye come vpon disceate, and to be mine
aduersaries. — 1 Macc. vii. 10 Speakinge vnto them with
peaceable wordes : but vnder disceate. a 1626 Bacon Max.
§& Uses Con. Law (1636) 8 Selling .. things unwholsome,
or ill made in deceipt of the people.
2. (with @ and Z/.) An instance of deception ;
an act or device intended to deceive; a trick,
stratagem, wile.
¢ 1340 Cursor M. 897 (Fairf.) For pi dissayte at pou dede.
¢ 1380 Wyciir Wks. (1880) 104 Pe deuelis disceitis. 14. .
Piers of Fulham 95 in Hazl. £. P. P. I. 5 The fowler
with hys deseyttes bryngeth The gentyll fowles in to hys
false crafte, 1548-9 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer, Litany, Al
the deceytes of the worlde, the fleshe, and the deuill. 1559
Cecit in Robertson /Yist. Scot?. Il. App. i, To avoid the
decepts and tromperies of the French. a@1667 WITHER
Stedfast Shepherd i, Thy painted baits, And poor deceits,
Are all bestowed on me in vain. 1713 Swirr Cadenus § V,
Venus thought ona deceit. ¢1793 CoLteripce Autumnal
Evening ii, O dear deceit! I see the maiden rise.
3. The quality of deceiving; deceitfulness.
1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 12494 What doust pou
byfore pe prest and hast deseyt yn py brest? c 1400 Des¢tr.
Troy 3788 Ulexes..was .. full of disseit. 1526 TiNDALE
Rom. i. 29 Full of envie, morther, debate, disseyte. 1577
tr. Bullinger’s Decades (1592) 20 The care of this world and
the deceipt of riches. 1845 Manninc Ser. I, ix. On Fas. i,
22 It isa vain and hurtful thing, full of deceit and danger,
to hear and not to do.
+ Deceit, v. Ods. rare. Hence 5 desetyng
vbl. sb. [f. Deceit sb.]_ To construct deceitfully,
to forge (a document).
1484 in Surtees Misc. (1890) 43 Declaracion concernyng
the disetyng of a fals testimoniall [ca//ed p. 42 the forsaid
forged, false testymonyall].
+ Decei‘teous, a. Obs. rare. [f. Ducerr, with
suffix fashioned after righteous, courteous: see
-EOUS 3.] Deceitful. Hence Decei‘teously adv.
_ 1481 in Ang. Gilds (1870) 332 And all other ware. .whiche
is desceyteously wrought.
Deceitful (désitfiil), 2. Forms: see Drcerr.
[f. Decerr + -FuL.] Full of deceit ; given to de-
ceiving or cheating; misleading, false, fallacious.
(As said of things often = DECEPTIVE.) :
1483 Cath. Angi. 97 Desatefulle, vdz false. 1500-20 Dun-
BaR Flyting 75 Dissaitfull tyrand, with serpentis tung,
vnstable, i513 Dovucias nes 1x. vii. 52 Throw the dern
wod dyssaitfull andonplane. 1584 Power Lloyd's Cambria
104 A Deceiptfull and Subtile man. 1641 Witkins JZath.
Magick i. iii. (1648) 19 Such deceitfull ballances may be
discovered. .by changing the weights. 1842 Lytron Zanoni
2 Appearances are deceitful. 1862 Lp. Broucuam Brit.
‘onst. ix. § 1. 113 They may be the most false and deceitful
of human kind.
Decei'tfully, adv. [f. prec. + -1¥2.] Ina
deceitful manner ; with intent to deceive. (In first
quot. : By deceit or treachery.)
¢1470 Henry Wad/ace vu. 34 Desaitfully I may nocht se
thaim hang. 1523 Act 14-15 Hen. VIL, c. 2 Workeman-
ship. falsely and disceitfully made. 161z BisteE 2 Cor. iv.
2 Not walking in craftines, nor handling the word of God
deceitfully. 1667 Decay Chr. Piety viii. px If this founda-
tion be deceitfully laid, the superstructure must necessarily
sink and perish. 1873 Symonps Grk. Poets viii. 265 His
allegory .. must always show them [the clouds] deceitfully
beautiful, spreading lusion over earth and sky.
Decei'tfulness. [f. as prec.+-nxzss.] The
quality of being deceitful ; disposition or tendency
to deceive or mislead ; deceptiveness.
1509 Barctay Shyp of Folys (1874) 11. 223 Beware disceyt-
fulnes, All fraude and gyle take Qais that thou desp; co
1526 ‘TinpaLe JJatt. xiii. 22 The dissaytfulnes off ryches,
1671 Granvitt Disc. M. Stubbe 21 The deceitfulness of
Telescopes. 174 Ricnarpson Pamela (1824) I. 64 O, the
deceitfulness of the heart of man! 1870 ANDERSON J/issions
Amer. Ba. II. xv.238 The deceitfulness of the people.
Decei'tless, 2. rare. [f. Ducurr + -1Ess.]
Free from deceit.
1630 Br. Hatt Old Relig. § 2 (L.) So he that should call
Satan an unclean devil, should imply that some devil is not
unclean ; or deceivable lusts, some lusts deceitless !
Decei:vabi'lity. vare. [f. next+-1ry. OF.
had decevadlete.| Capacity of being deceived.
1861 Gen. P. THompson Andi Alt, III. cxlix. 142 The
deceivability of the masses,
Vou. III.
89
Deceivable (dési'vib’l), 2. Forms (about 40
variants): a with de- 4-, 8 with des- 4-5, y with
dis- 4-6; variations of the stem as in DECEIVE.
[a. OF. decevable, f. stem of décevotr to DECEIVE
+ -ABLE. ]
+1. actevely. Having the quality or habit of de-
ceiving ; deceitful, deceptive. Ods. (or arch.)
Obs. since ¢1688; exc. as used after the biblical decezv-
ableness.)
1303 R. Brunne Hand. Synne 471 So ben dremys deseyu-
able. 1382 Wyciir Prov. xiv.17 The desseyuable man is
hateful. c 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxx. 135 A fantom and
a dessayuable thing to be sight. 1428 Surtees Misc. (1890)
4 John Lyllyng had salde mykell swylk deceyvable tyn to
bellemakers. 1503-4 Act 19 Hen. VII, c.6 Deceivable and
untrewe Beames and scales. c¢ 1510 Dunpar Poewrs xviii,
I seik abowte this warld onstable, To find. .it is dissavable.
1535 CovERDALE 2 Pet. i. 16 We folowed not deceaueable
fables. 1558 Knox First Blast App. (Arb.) 59 Yf I should
flatter your grace I were no freind, but a deceavabill trater.
1682 Bunyan Holy War 55 Deceivable speech. 1688 R.
Hotme Armoury u. 305 A wicked deceivable person, who in-
deavouring to chate others, chats himself. 1860 TrENcH
Serm. Westm, Abb. xxxiii. 376 We may have proved them
false and deceivable a thousand times, and yet they are still
able to attract and to allure. ; :
2. passively. Capable of being, or liable to be,
deceived ; fallible. Now rare.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud, Ep. 1. i, Man was not only
deceiveable in his integrity, but the Angels of light in all
their clarity. 1658 Whole Duty Man iv. § 4. 38 As deceiv-
able, and easie to be deluded. 1705 STaNHore Paraphr.
III. 559 To deal with him, as if he were such a deceivable
Creature as our selves. 1841-4 Emerson £ss., Politics
Wks. (Bohn) I. 239 With such an ignorant and deceivable
majority. |
Decei-vableness. Now rare. [-NESS.]
+1. The capacity of deceiving ; deceitfulness,
deceit ; deceptiveness. Ods. (or arch. after N. T.)
1526 TINDALE 2 7%ess. ii. 10 In all deceavablenes of un-
rightewesnes [161x with all deceivableness; 1881 R.V.
with all deceit]. 1530 Patscr. 213/1 Desceyvablenesse, de-
ceuableté. «1653 Gouce Comm. Heb, iii. 14 Sin prevails
the more by the deceiveablenesse thereof. 1671 GLANVILL
Disc, M. Stubbe 26 The Discourse about the deceivableness
of Opticks. 1826 E. Irvine Badbylon II. 439 They are
deceived into false security by that mystery of deceivable-
ness. 1853 I. Wittiams Serm. Epist. (1875) I. xvii. 193
With all deceivableness and power of seduction.
2. Liability to be deceived, fallibility.
1674 Govt. Tongue viii. P11 His negligence and deceiv-
ableness, |
+ Decei‘vably, adv. Obs. or arch. [-1¥ ?.]
Deceitfully, fraudulently, falsely.
1387 Trevisa //igden (Rolls) VII. 109 Aftirward he
[Edwyne] was reconsiled desceyvably and i-slayn. 1428
Surtees Misc. (1890) 4 Castyng of fals tyn menged with
lede and pewtre, and sellyng of yt deceyvabely for gude
tyn. 1532-3 Act 24 Hen. VIII, c.1 Hydes..vntruly, in-
sufficiently and deceiuably tanned. 1637 Declar. Pfalts-
graves’ Faith 3 When the one shall. .deceiveably lay imputa-
tions of errour on the other. 1865 NicHots Britfon v. ii.
$3 If dower be deceivably (desceivablement] established.
+ Deceiva‘nce. Oés. Forms: see DECEIVE.
[a. OF. decevance, f. decev-ant: see next and
-ANCE.] Deceit, deception.
¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 133 Pe Kyng sister of
France Henry allied him to, Here of a desceyuance pei
conseild him to do. c1430 Lypc. Bochas 1. i. (1554) 4a,
Beware the serpent, with his disceivance. 1483 Caxton
Gold. Leg. 129/1 Ayenst the deceyuaunces of the feend.
1486 Surtees Misc. (1890) 57 Set[h] yat it is your citie not
filid_with dissavaunce,
+ Deceiva'nt, a. and sb. Obs. rare. (In 4
-aunt.) [a. F. decevant, pr. pple. of deceverr, -o7r
:—L. décipient-em.] A. adj. Deceiving, deceitful,
deceptive. B. sb. A deceiver.
1393 Gower Conf. I. 82 That pou ne be noght deceiuant.
Lbid. I. 222 The fourthe deceivaunt, The whiche is cleped
fals semblaunt. /é7d. 11. 72 This Achelous was a Geaunt,
A subtil man, a deceivaunt.
Deceive (diszv), v. Forms: a. 4 deseue,
-sayue, -saife, -ceife, -cayue, dicayue, 4-5
deseyue, 4-6 deceue, 4-7 deceyue, 5-6 desave,
(Sc. -sawe), 6 deceaph, 6-7 deceaue, 5— deceive.
B. 4 desceiue, 4-5 -ceyue, -sayue, 5 -saue,
-sayfe, 5-6 -seyue. y. 4 (Sc.) dissaf, 4-5 dis-
ceyue, -seyue, dysceue, -saue, 4-5 (6 Sc.) dis-
saue, 4-6 dyssayue, 5 disceue, -saiue, -sayue,
(Se. -sayf, -sawe), dysseyue, 5-6 dysceyue,
-seue, 6 disceiue, -ceaue, Sc. -saif. [a. OF.
decev-eir (stressed stem deceiv-), mod.F. décevotr :—
L. décipére, f. DE- I. 1 or 4 + capere to take. Cf.
CONCEIVE.
The stem was subject in ME. and 16th c. to the same
variations as those mentioned under Deceit, and the prefix
varied in like manner as de-, des-, dis-, whence came such
curious spellings as disceave, dissave, dissaif; the stem
vowel has passed through the stages éi, é, 2, 7. Quarles
in 1635 — Ul. ii.) rimed deceiv'd thee : sav'd thee.
(The literal sense of L. décifére was app. to catch in a
trap, to entrap, ensnare; hence, to catch by guile; to get
the better of by fraud ; to cheat, mislead.)]
+1. trans. To ensnare; to take unawares by
craft or guile; to overcome, overreach, or get the
better of by trickery; to beguile or betray into
mischief or sin; to mislead. Oés. (or a7ch.)
@ 1300 Cursor M. 3172 (Gott) Pat pe child were noght per-
cayued, ar be suord him had dicayued, ¢1340 /d7d, 27214
DECEIVE,
(Fairf.),& queper he was pus dessayuid, sone ofter his creature
he resceyuid. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xi. vii. (1495)
418 Somtyme a tame culuoure is. .taughte to begyle and to
dysceyue wylde coluoures and ledyth theym in to the
foulers nette. c 1450 Merlin 4 The deuell..devised how he
myght best disceyve the thre doughtres of this rich man.
1594 WitLosie Avisa Lj b, Apply her still with dyvers
thinges (For giftes the wysest will deceave). 16x11 Coryar
Crudities 2 A certaine English man. .was deceiued by those
sands: for..he was suddenly ouertaken and ouerwhelmed
with the waters. 1667 Mitton P. ZL. 1. 35 He it was whose
guile. .deceived The mother of mankind. 1741 RicHarpson
Pamela \. 170 As we deceived and hooked the poor carp, so
was I betrayed by false baits. 1794 Suttivan View Nat. II,
The mother of mankind, who was deceived by the serpent.
2. To cause to believe what is false; to mislead
as to a matter of fact, lead into error, impose upon,
delude, ‘take in’.
¢ 1320 Sexy Sag. (W.) 109, I wald noght he decayued
ware. 1375 Barsour Bruce iv. 237 Thai mak ay thair
answering In-till dowbill vndirstanding, Till dissaf thame
that will thame trow. 1382 Wyciir Matt. xxiv. 11 Many
false prophetis schulen ryse, and disceyue many. c 1460
Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 124 Or els the rewlys of astronomy
Dyssavys me. ¢1489 Caxton Sonnes of Ayton xxi. 462
Soo dysguysed for to dysceve us. @1533 Lp. Berners
Huon xxiv. 69 By hys fayr langage he may dyssayue vs.
¢ 1600 SHaks. Sonn. civ, Mine eye may be deceaued. 1667
Mitton P. LZ. 11. 189 Who [can] deceive his mind, whose
eye Views all things at one view? 1781 Gipson Decd. & /.
xxx. IIT. 179 Two statesmen, who laboured to deceive each
other and the world, 1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. (1858) 1. ii.
98 Wolsey. .was too wise to be deceived with outward pros-
perity. 1862 Mrs. H. Woop J/rs. Hallib. u. xix, He
denied it..and I believed he was attempting to deceive me.
b. absol. To use deceit, act deceitfully.
¢1340 Hampo.e Prose Tr. (1866) 3 If pou will nowthire be
dyssayuede ne dyssayue. 1500-20 Dunbar Poess (1893)
xxi, 102 Quhair fortoun..dissavis With freyndly smylingis
of ane hure. 1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. 1. xv. § 4 He can
neither erre nor deceiue. 1769 Yunins Lett. xxxv. 163
A moment of difficulty and danger, at which flattery and
falsehood can no longer deceive. 1808 Scotr AZarm. v1.
xvii, Ah, what a tangled web we weave, When first we
practise to deceive! 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 160 The
makers of household implements..should be ashamed to
deceive in the practice of their craft.
e. vefl. To allow oneself to be misled; to de-
lude oneself. [F. se ¢romper. |
1382 Wyciir Fas. i. 22 Be 3e doers of the word and not
herers onely, deceyuynge you silf. 1535 CoverDaLe Led ¥
Dr.7 Daniel smyled, and sayde: O kynge, disceaue not
thyselfe. 1791 Mrs. Rapciirre Rom. /orest ii, 1 can no
longer deceive myself. 1884 GLapstone in Standard 2,
Feb. 2/7 Do not let us deceive ourselves on that point.
d. In gass. sometimes merely: To be mistaken,
be in error.
1318 SHOREHAM 93 Ac many man desceyved hys..And
weyneth that he be out of peryl. 1325 Poem temp. Edw.
ZI (Percy) lv, Forsoth he is deseyved, He wenyth he doth
ful wel. axqso Ant. de la Tour 33 We are foule deceiued
in you the tyme passed. 1553 Even 7/7eat. Newe Lud.
(Arb.) 41 He was not deceaued in his opinion. 1596 SHaks.
Merch, V. v. i. 111 That is the voice, Or I am much
deceiu’d, of Portia. 1603 — Weas. for M. 1. i. 197 How
much is the good Duke deceiu’d in Angelo. 1749 Fie_pinc
Tom Sones xiv. vi, I am very much deceived in Mr.
Nightingale, if..he hath not much goodness of heart at the
bottom.
+38. To be or prove false to, play false, deal
treacherously with; to betray. Ods.
a@1300 Cursor M. 1894 (Cott.) Quen noe sagh..pat pis
rauen had him deceueid, Lete vt a doue. c 1470 Henry
Wallace vi. 480 Thai swor that he had dissawit thair lord.
1526 Piler. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 6 The corruptyble
rychesse of this worlde..forsaketh and deceyueth hym
whan he weneth best. 1596 Suaxs. 1 Hen. /V, v. i. 11
You have deceiu’d ourtrust. 1605 CAMDEN (ev., Epitaphs
53 Fame deceaues the dead mans trust., 1658 Whole Duty
Man xv. § 26. 125 He that does not carefully look to his
masters profit, deceives his trust.
b. fig. To prove false to; +to frustrate (a purpose,
etc.) obs.; to disappoint (hope, expectation, etc.).
1571 Act 13 Eliz. in Bolton Stat. [red. (1621) 360 Which
good meaning of that good lawe..is daylie..deceyved by
diverse evill disposed persons. 1666 DrypeN Anz. ALirad.
Ixviii, Till. .doubtful moonlight did our rage deceive. 1697
— Virg. Georg. 11. 190 ‘The weak old Stallion will deceive
thy Care. a1700 —(J.), Nor are my hopes deceiv’d. 1818
Jas. Mitt Brit. India 11. 1. ii. 89 Never was expectation
more completely deceived.
+4. To cheat, overreach; defraud. Ods.
cr R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 319 Pat mad be Tresorere
pou pee desceyued him, 1382 Wycwir 1 Thess. iv. 6 That
no man ouer go nether disceyue his brother in chaffaringe.
1481 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 332 Desceteously wrought as in
tannyng, where-thurgh the kynges lege peopell scholde be
disceuyd. 1533 Gau Richt Vay (1888) 16 Thay that sellis
ald and ewil guidis for new and thair throw dissauis oders
falslie. Teae Bacon Ess. Gardens (Arb.) 563 That the Bor-
ders..be..Set with Fine Flowers, but thin and sparingly,
lest they Deceiue the Trees. 1626 — Sylva § 479 Where
two Plants draw (much) the same Juyce, there the Neigh-
bourhood hurteth ; for the one deceiveth the other.
+b. with of: To cheat out of. Ods.
a 1300 Cursor MM. 8626 (Cott.) Sco parceuid, pat sco was of
hir child deceuid. ¢ 1380 Wycuir Ws, (1880) 73 Whanne ei
be raueine & ypocrisie disceyuen hem of here goodis. 1525
Wido Edyth, The sixt merye Jest: how this wydowe
Edyth deceiued a Draper..of a new Gowne and’ a new
Kyrtell. 1620 J. Witkinson Coroners § Sherifes 62 To
deceive them ‘of it and to gain it for themselves. 16
Mitton P. L. x. 990 Childless thou art, Childless remain ;
so Death Shall be deceav’d his glut. @176x Otpys in
D'Israeli Cur. Lit. (1866) 563 [He] deceived me of a good
sum of money which he owed me. 12
DECEIVED,
+5. To ile, wile away (time, tediousness,
etc.). Obs. (Cf, CHEAT v. 5.
1591 Fiorio Sec. Fruites 65 Let us do something to de-
ceaue the time, and that we may not thinke it long. 1663
Br. Parrick Parad. Pilgr. ii. (1668) 5 To deceive the
tediousness of the pilgrimage. Drypen Virg. Past. x.
(R.), This while I sung, my sorrows I deceiv'd. 1784 Cowrer
Task 1. 362 Happy to deceive the time, Not waste it.
Catun N. Amer. Ind. (1844) 11. xxxvii. 36 Amusements
to deceive away the time.
Deceived (disi'vd, poet. disivéd), ppl. a. [f.
prec. + -ED1.] Deluded, imposed upon, misled,
mistaken, etc.: see the verb.
1569 T. Norton (¢it/e) To the Quenes Maiesties poore de-
ceyued Subiects of the North Countrey, drawen into rebel-
lion. 161 Biste ¥o0d xii. 16 The deceiued and the deceiuer
are his. 165r Hosses Leviath. 1. iii. 11 Speeches taken..
from deceived Philosophers, and deceived, or deceiving
Schoolemen. 1820 Keats S¢. Agnes xxxvii, I curse not..
Though thou forsakest a deceived thing.
b. adbsol.
1652 J. Wricut tr. Camus’ Nature's Paradox 158 The
Deceived, as well as the Deceivers. 1847 Sir W. Hamitton
Let. to De Morgan 5, | was wrong..in presuming you to be
a deceiver, and not rather a deceived,
Deceiver (dis7‘vo1). Forms: a. 4 deceiuour,
4-5 deceyuour(e, -or, 5-6 -ar, 6 deceyuer, de-
ceauer, 7- deceiver. £8. 4-6 dis-: see DECEIVE.
[a. AF. decevour = OF. deceveur, earlier deceveor,
f, stem of decev-oir ; subsequently taking the form
of an Eng. derivative of DECEIVE v.: see -ER1 2.]
1. One who (or that which) deceives; a cheat,
impostor.
1382 Wyc.ir 2 Fohn 7 Many deceyuours [1388 disseyueris]
wenten out in to the world. c14s0 tr. De /mitatione ui. i,
What are all temporale binges but deceyuours. 1483 Cath.
Angl. 101 A Dissauer, deceptor. 1535 CovERDALE od xii.
16 Both the deceaver, and him that is deceaved. 1 Eben
Decades 313 An Italian deceauer who had before deluded
the kynges of Englande and Portugale. 1634 MiLton Comus
596 Hence with thy brew’d enchantments, foul deceiver !
1832 Lytton Eugene A. 1. v, The passions are at once our
masters and our deceivers.
2. Comb.
1624 W. Hatt Man's Gt. Enemy in Farr S. P. Fas. 1
(1848) 199 Deceiuer-like, hee said, Yee shall not dye.
Deceiving (disivin), vd/. sd. [-1NG1.] The
action of the verb DECEIVE; deception.
c1400 Rom. Rose 1590 Withouten any deceiving. 1523
Lp. Berners Froiss, 1. xviii. 25 Than the Englisshe lordes
.-for doubte of deceyuyng .. kept styll the two trompettis
pryuely. 1568 Biste (Bishops’) 2 /et. ii. 13 Delighting
them selues in their deceiuings. 1833 Mrs. BrowninG
Prometh. Bound Poems 1850 I. 171 For in my mind De-
ceiving works more shame than torturing.
Decei-ving, ///.a. [-ING*.] That deceives ;
deceitful, misleading, fallacious.
1500-20 Dunnar Poems xlvii. 87 This fals dissavand warldis
bliss. 1603 Suaxs. A/eas. for M. 1. ii. 260 Manie de-
ceyuing promises of life. a 1653 GoucEe Comm. Heb. xiii.
5 Covetousnesse is a deceiving sin. ¢ 1793 Telegraph in
Spir. Publ. Frnls. (1799) 1. 26 The most deceiving tongue.
Hence Decei'vingly adv.
14.. Prose Legends in Anglia VIII. 143 Hydynge de-
ceyuaundly wikke wib pci of coo. 1440 York
Myst. xiii. 140 At carpe to me dissayuandly. 1888 Harper's
Mag. Oct. 806 To listen appreciatingly even if deceivingly.
Decelticize, etc. : see Dr- ir I.
Decem-, L. decem ten, used in combination, as
decemjugis ten-yoked, ag Goa! ten feet long,
decemplicatus ten-fold, etc. ; hence in various tech-
nical words: Decemco'state a. [Costa], having
tenribs. Decemdecntate a. [L. dens tooth], having
ten teeth or points (Smart 1836). Dece'mfid a.
[L. -fidus cleft], divided into ten parts, segments,
or lobes (#did.), Decemflo‘rous a. [L. -flor-us,
-flowered], ‘having ten flowers’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.
1882). Decemfo'liate, -fo'liolate [L. folium
leaf, fol/io/us leaflet}, having ten leaves or leaflets.
Dece'mjugate a. (L. jugat-us yoked], ‘having
ten pairs of leaflets or of other organs’ (Syd. Soc.
Lex, 1882). Decemlo‘cular a. [L. doculus little
bag], ten-celled, having ten little cells for seeds
(Smart 1836). + Decemnovenal a. [L. decem-
novem nineteen], of nineteen years = DECENNO-
VENNAL, De:cemnovena‘rian, a man of the
Nineteenth Century ; hence Decemnovena‘rian-
ism, the characteristics distinctive of a man of the
Nineteenth Century; Decemnovena‘rianize v.,
to act the decemnovenarian. Decempedal a. [L.
decempedalis, f. pes, ped- feet], (a) ten feet in 1
(obs.) ; (6) having ten feet. Dece’mpedate a. =
prec. b (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1882), Decempe'nnate
a. (L. penna wing], having ten t-feathers on
the pinion-bone. De‘cemplex a. (L. -A/ex -fold],
tenfold (5.5. Zex.). De*cemplicate a. [L.plicatus
plaited, folded], ‘having ten plaits or folds’
(zbid.). Decempu-netate a. [L. punctum a point),
‘having ten points or spots’ (¢d/d.). Decem-
striate a. [L. striatus grooved], ‘having ten
striee’ (zb7d.).
Pid a een = Retr a
ecemfid .. Decemfoliate .. Dec iolate. » Har-
vey Disc. Probl.gs The Golden, d Md t i
90
circle. Wa us in Phil, Trans. XX. 187 That is, this
is the Ei, Your of mech Decomnarentl Cele, er ‘ircle
of Nineteen Years. 1863 [De Morcan] From Matter to
Spirit Pref. 6 We, respectable d ‘ians as we are,
have been so nourished on theories. .that most of us cannot
live with an unexplained fact in our heads. 1890 F, Hatt
in NV, Y. Nation L. 316/1 Thougha decemnovenarian, as some
DECENCY.
Decemviral (d/se'mviral), a, [ad. L. decem-
viral-ts, f. decemvir: see -aL.] Of or pertaining
to the decemvirs.
1600 Hottanp Livy 127(R.) The decemvirall lawes (which
now are knowne by the name of the twelve Tables). 165
would call him, he is not to be allowed to
rianize in language. 1864 Miss Coppe Studies New § Old
(1865) 359 We have all heard much concerning this ‘ De-
cemnovenarianism’ for a long time before he received his
formidable cognomen. /éid. 379 Is it Steam which has
made ‘ D venarianism’, or ‘ D: ianism’
which has created Steam? 1827 G. S. Faser Sacr. Cal.
Proph. (1844) 1. 48 A yet future decempartite division of
that Empire. 1656 Brount Glossogr., Decempedai, of ten
foot, or ten foot long. 1708 Motreux Radelais w. Ixiv.
(1737) 262 The shadow is decempedal,
December (dise‘mba1). Also 4-6 -bre, 4 -bir,
descembre, 5 decembyr,6 desember. Abbre-
viated Dec. [a. OF. décembre, dezembre, ad. L.
December, f. decem ten, this being originally the
tenth month of the Roman year. The meaning of
-der in this and the names of the three preceding
months is uncertain.]
The twelfth and last month of the Hod according
to the modern reckoning ; that in which the winter
solstice occurs in the northern hemisphere.
[a 1000 Menologium 220 (Gr.) penne folcum bringd morgen,
to mannum monaé to tune Decembris.. zrra Jula.]
R. Grouc. (1724) 408 Pe endlefbe day of presen ag
toun hii wonne so. @1300 Cursor M. 24916 (Cott.) Pat
moneth pat man clepes .. Decembre [v.7. -ber, -bir, des-
cembre]. 1460 Plumpton Corr. (Camden) 20 Written at
London g of December. 1573 Tusser Husb., December's
husbandrie, O dirtie December For Christmas remember.
1593 I. Morey Madrigals,‘ Aprill is my mistris Jace’,
Wain her bosom is September, But in her heart a cold
December. @ 1643 CartwriGut Ordinary. ii, Don’t you
see December in her face? 1775 N. Wraxatt Tour N.
Europe 88 The weather, which..was become in a few hours
as cold and piercing as our Decembers. 1805 Scotr Last
Alinstr. 1. xxi, Alike to him was time or tide, December's
snow or July’s pride. 184x T. H. Key in Smith Dict.
Antig. s.v. Calendar, Roman, The winter solstice at Rome,
in the year 46 B.c., occurred on the 24th of December of the
Julian Calendar. 1886 Miss Brappon Under Red Flag
vi, The Man of December and Sedan —it was thus Blan-
quists and Internationals spoke of the late Emperor [Napo-
leon 111]}—was dethroned.
attrib. 1§93 Suaxs. Rich. I, 1. iii. 298 Or wallow naked
in December snow. a 1679 Eart Orrery Guzman ii, Were
our Hearts as much mortified as those December-Lovers
Looks! 1863 Kincstey Water Bad, iv. (ed. 2) 160 Pleasant
December days.
Hence December v. nonce-wd., (a) trans. to
give the character of December to; (6) tr. to
celebrate December (as the time of Christmas fes-
tivities). Dece‘mberish a., + Dece'mberly c.,
resembling December in dreariness and darkness.
Dece-mbrist, one connected in some specific way
with this month; see quot. 1882.
1876 J. Eviis Cesar in Egypt 332 Now balls are deserted,
and plays unremember'd, And ‘all the May joys prematurely
December'd. 1888 7imes (Weekly Ed.) 7 Dec. 7/1 The
Cabinet was seeking a pretext for ‘Decembering’. 1795
Burns Let. to Mrs. Dunlop 15 Dec., As I amin a com-
plete Decemberish humour, gloomy, sullen, stupid. 176s
Sterne 7. Shandy VIII. ix, In the many bleak an
Decemberly nights of a seven years widowhood. 1882
H. Lanspete 7hrough Siberia 11, 2 Certain of them called
‘Decembrists’, who in December 1825 tried to raise a re-
volt among the soldiers of Nicolas, and deprive him of his
throne.
|| Decemvir (d/se‘mvaz). [L.,sing. of decemviri,
originally decem viri ‘the ten men a
Rom. Antig. ( pl.) A body of ten men acting as
a commission, council, college, or ruling authority;
esp. the two bodies of magistrates appointed in
451 and 450 B.c, to draw up a code of laws (the
laws of the Twelve Tables) who were, during the
time, entrusted with the supreme government of
Rome.
(1579 Nortu Plutarch (1612) 864 Cicero .. did one day
nap y reproue and inueigh against this law of the Decem-
uiri.] 1600 Hottann Livy m1. xxxii, 10g Agreed it was that
there should be created Decemvirs above all appeale.
1781 Gispon Decl. & F. xliv, The Decemvirs, who sullied
by their actions the honour of inscribing, on brass, or wood,
or ivory, the Twelve Tables of the Roman Laws. 18:
Arnotp Hist. Rome 1. 253 A commission invested wit
such extraordinary powers as those committed to the de-
cemvirs. 1868 Smitn Sw. Dict. Rom. Antig. 127/2 Decem-
viri Litibus Fudicandis .. Augustus transfe to these
decemvirs the presidency in the courts of the centumviri.
b. transf. A council or ruling body of ten, as
the Council of Ten of the Venetian Republic.
1615 R. Cocks Diary 2 Aug., I had_much adowe with
Zanzabars desemvery. 1821 Byron Two Foscari 1. 188.
I look Forward to be one day of the decemyirs, 1832 tr.
Sismondi's Ital. Rep. ix. 202 d dared unblush
ingly propose to their colleag:
ec. sing. A member of such a bod
» etc,
1703 Rowe Fair Penit. w.i.(Jod.), He slow hisonly daughter |
To save her from the fierce emvir's lust. 1744
I. 272 (Jod.) C. Julius, a decemvir, appointed him a day for
taking his trial. 1849 Grote Greece u1. Ixxii. (1862) VI. 351
Like the Decemvir ius Claudius at Rome.
Hence Dece‘mvirship, the office of decemvir.
1600 Hottanp Livy 115 (R.) The decemvirship, and the
conditions of his colleagues together, had so greatly changed.
the D irall Colledg. ‘Tuirtwatt in Philol. Museum
II. 477 The ad of lar over the d iral
form of government. 1852 Grove Greece u. xxiv. IX. 416
His decemviral governments or Dekarchies.
Decemvirate (d/se'mvireit). [ad. L. decem-
virat-us, f. decemvir: see -ATE1,] The office or
government of decemvirs; a body of decemvirs.
1620 E. Brount Hora Subsec. 233 the Decemvirate,
they returned againetoConsuls. 1704 Hearne Duct. Hist.
(1714) I. 369 The Decemvirate regarded neither Senate nor
people, but cut off the most considerable Citizens of both
sorts. 1838 Arnotp Hist. Rome 1. xv. 302 The decemvirate
seems indeed to have exhibited the perfect model of an
aristocratical royalty, vested not in one person but in several.
b. transf. A body of ten rulers, councillors, etc.,
as the Venetian Council of Ten. Also aétrié.
1651 Howe Venice 13 They read the letters addressd to
the Decemvirat Colledg. 363 Sin E. Nicnoas in NV. Papers
(Camden) II. 12 The room. .1s now possessed by the Decem-
virate or ten Worthies that now reign far more absolutely
than ever any King did in England. ¢1776 Sir W. Jones
Let. Ld.A Hthorpeifsuch adecemvirate should ever attempt
to restore our constitutional liberty by constitutional means.
Dece'nary, ‘fro. dece‘nnary, ¢. and sé.
[ad. med.L. decénarius (decennarius), f. med.L.
decena (decenna) a tithing; see DECENER.]
A. adj. Of or pertaining to a decéna or tithing.
1752 Fietpinc Causes Incr. Robbers § 5(R.) To prevent
idle persons wandering from place to place .. was one great
point of the decennary constitution.
B. sb. =med.L. decéna, a tithing : see quot. 1881.
Apparently taken by the 17th c, antiquaries as formed on
decenner Decener+-y, and so accepted by later writers.
{c1zg0 Bracton m1. 1. x, Diligenter erit inquirendum si
{latro] fuerit in franco plegio et decenna, et tunc erit decenna
in misericordia coram justitiarios nostros.] ~~ N. Bacon
Disc. Govt, Eng. 1. x\viii. (1739) 84 View of free Pledges must
be, to see that the Decennaries be full. ¢ 1670 Hosses Dial.
Com. Laws 201 The whole Land was divided into Hun-
dreds, and those again into Decennaries, 1765 Blackstone
Comm. 1.114 No man was suffered to abide in England
above forty days, unless he were enrolled in some tithing or
decennary. 1881 T.S. Framrton Hundred of Wrotham
36 All males .. should .. be enrolled in a tithing, or decen-
nary, which originally consisted of ten free families. (Cf.
1866 RoGers Agric. & Prices 1. 66 He was registered in the
decenna before he reached adolescence. ]
+ Devcence. Olds. [a. F. décence (13-14th c.
in Hatzf.), ad. L. decéntia: see next.] =next.
1678 Sprat Serm. Gal. vi. 10 In good works .. there
may be goodness in the general; but decence and graceful-
ness can be only in the —— in doing the good.
1683 W. Cracetr Answ. Dissenter's Object. 7 When the
Decence and Convenience of a thing is considered, we
should attribute much to the Wisdom of Authority. 1697
Dryven Virg. Aeneid x. 96 And must I own .. my secret
smart—What with more decence were in silence kept. [As
confessedly Fr. : 1836 Grevitte Diary 94 (Stanford) To the
opera to see Taglioni dance .. Her grace and décence are
something that no one can imagine who has not seen her.]
Decency (di‘sénsi). [ad. L. decéntia, f. decént-
em becoming, fitting, Decent.] The quality or
fact of being decent.
+1. Appropriateness or fitness to the circum-
stances or requirements of the case ; fitness, seemli-
ness, propriety: a. of speech, action, or behaviour.
1567 Drant Horace, Arte of Poetrie (R.), Of sortes and
ages thou must note the manner and the guyse, A decensie
for stirring youth, for elder folke likewise. 1589 NHAM
Eng. Poesie ui. xxiii. (Arb.) 269 To rperov .. we in our vulgar
call it by a scholasticall terme [decencie] our owne Saxon
English terme is [seemeelynesse). /bid. 271 Your decencies
are of sundrie sorts, according to the many circumstances
behauiour 1636
accompanying our writing, | or 2
Heatey Epictetus’ Ma lix. 79 Thou neglectest another
[function] which thou mightest execute with full decency.
1647 Ciarenvon Hist. Red. 1. (2843) 33 1 The king was
always the most punctual observer ull decency in his
devotion. 1719 Warertann Vind. Christ's Divinity 107
Why so concern’d about the fitness, and decency of his Inter-
ion? 1745 Warts Logic 11. v. § 4 The great Design of
Fredeans .. is to determine and every Affair with
Decency, and to the best Advantage. 1762 Hume Hist.
Eng. UL. liv. 173 His discourse on the scaffold was full of
d and
“tb. What is appropriate to a person’s rank or
di aye oe hi
384 . Lloyd's Cambria 364 Reseruing two om.
that is to say his conscience, and also the decencie of his
state, Maton Etkon. 17 With Scholastic flourishes,
beneath the decencie of a king, Morcan Sphere
Gentry wv. v.78 According to the ncy of the said Name
of the Duke of Somerset and the nobility of his .. estate.
+. Fitness of form or proportion : Comeliness.
1610 Guitum Heraldry ui. xiv. (1660) 170 Neither can Art
forme a fashion of more stately decencie, than she hath
done on the Sta; Paimatr City § C. Builder 80 For
decency it will requisite not to have the alto-
ether so deep as ten inches in the second, and fourth
tory.
+2. Decent or orderly condition of civil or social
life. Ods.
165 Hoses Govt. § Soc. x. § 1. 148 In [the state of civill
Government — is] the Domin pie, dee
Come ” ‘ower & Subj. ty Decencie and order must presup-
Howe tt mI Senators .. have power tosummon
tages
DECENE.,
pose laws and directions. 1705 Stannore Paraphr. II.
121 God, as he is a God of Decency and Order, and not of
Anarchy and Confusion [etc.].
3. Propriety of behaviour or demeanour; due
regard to what is becoming; conformity (in be-
haviour, speech, or action) to the standard of
propriety or good taste.
1647 CLarenvon Hist. Red. 1. (1843) 23/2 He [Wm. Earl
of Pembroke] .. lived towards the favourites with that
decency, as would not suffer them to censure or reproach
his master’s judgment. 1682 Norris Hzevocles 39 ‘To bear
..the loss of our goods with mildness and decency. 1702
Eng. Theophrastus 342 We do sometimes out of vanity or
decency what we could do out of inclination and duty. 1732-3
Swirt Let. Mrs. Pilkington 1 Jan., I cannot with decency
shew them, except toavery few. 1749 Fietpinc Tom Fones
x. viii, If I had not the patience of fifty Jobs, you would
make me forget all decency and decorum. 1798 Worpsw.
Old Cumbrid. Beggar, Many, 1 believe, there are Who
live a life of virtuous decency. 1855 Lp. Houcuton in
Life (1891) I. xi. 516 As I have got two letters from you
to-day, I must write in decency before I go to sleep. 1883
Giapsrone in Times g June, Less than that I cannot say
in _ and in decency. 3
. esp. Compliance with recognized notions of
modesty or delicacy ; freedom from impropriety.
1639 tr. Du Bosg's Compl. Woman F iv, Peradventure they
would .. accuse him for not writing, as decency obliged him
therein .. Is there one sole word in all this worke .. to make
one blush in reading it? 1684 Eart Roscom. Ess. Transé.
Verse, Immodest words admit of no defence; For want of
decency is want of sense. @1715 Burnet Own Time (1724)
I. 137 Sir Elisha Leightoun .. maintained an outward de-
cency .. yet he was a very vicious man. 1886 H. H. Joun-
ston Kilimanjaro Exp. ii. 28 The black glistening forms
of the burly negroes on whom nakedness sits with decency.
Ibid. xix. 433 Both sexes have little notion or conception
of decency, the men especially seeming to be unconscious of |
any impropriety in nakedness. . ;
e. Conformity to the standard of living becoming
one’s position ; respectability.
1751 Jounson Rambler No. 166 P 2 Those whom a very
little assistance would enable to support themselves with
decency. 1785 Parry Mor. Philos. i. ix, There is a certain
appearance, attendance, establishment, and mode of living,
which custom has annexed to the several ranks and orders
of civil life (and which compose what is called decency).
. pi. Decent or becoming acts or observances ;
the established observances of decent life or de-
corum ; proprieties. (Rarely sig.)
1667 Mitton P. L. vit. 601 Those graceful acts, Those
thousand decencies that daily flow From all her words and
actions mixed with love And sweet compliance. 1673 DryDEN
Marr. & la Mode Ep. Ded., They have copied .. the deli-
cacies of expression, and the decencies of behaviour from
your lordship. 1700 — Sigismonda § G. 701 O ever faith-
ful heart, I have perform’d the ceremonial part, The de-
cencies of grief. 1723 Dre For Col. Yack (1840) 204, I told
her I thought it was a decency to the ladies. 1735 Pore
£p. Lady 164 Virtue she finds too painful an endeavour,
Content to dwell in decencies for ever. 1827 MacauLay
Machiavelli Ess. (1854) 49/2 He became careless of the
decencies which were expected from a man so highly dis-
ve ETH in the literary and political world.
. pl. The outward conditions or requirements
of a decent life.
1798 Mattuus Poful. (1878) 375 He may be .. better able
to command the decencies .. of life. 1832 Lewis Use § Ad.
Pot. Terms xiii. 111 In this sense the poor are those who ..
severally enjoy a less quantity of decencies and necessaries.
1842 S. Lover Handy Andy xxiy. 213 The little man was
buttoning on a pair of black gaiters, the only serviceable
decency he had at his command. 1 H. Siwwewick in
Times 13 Jan. 11/4 It was not easy to distinguish decencies
and comforts on the one hand and luxuries on the other.
Decend, etc. : see DescenD, etc.
Decene (dé‘sin). Chem. [f. Gr. 5é«a ten + -ENE.]
The olefine of the decacarbon or DecyLseries,Cy) Hyp.
Also called Decylene. %877 Watts Fownes’ Chem. 52.
+Decener. Ods. Forms: 6 decenier, di-
sener,7 deciner, -or, 7-8 decenner. [a. AngloFr.
decener =OF. decenier, mod.¥. dixenier, dizenier,
dizainier, in med.L. decéndrius (improp. decen-
narius), f. decéna, in OF . dizeine, -aine, Pr. desena,
¥ decena, a group of ten, a tithing.]
. One in command of ten soldiers.
1555 WatREMAN Fardle Facions u.x. 211 Their capitaines
ouer ten, whiche, by a terme borowed of the Frenche, we
calle Diseners. 1889 Ive tr. Du Bellay’s Instr. 80 The
Souldiers [should exercise] by themselues euerie holie day,
with their Deceniers [chefs de chambre] Chiefs of squadrons,
and Corporals. 1627 S. Warp Seru., Yethro’s Fustice,
From the Gouernour of the thousand to the Centurion, from
him to the Tithing-man or Decinor. -
2. a. The head of a decena or tithing; a tithing-
man or borsholder; b. A member of a hyo §
1607 Cowett Jnterpr., Deciners .. signifieth .. such as
were wont to have the oversight and checke of ten friburgs
for the maintenance of the king’s e. 1624 Termes de
la Ley s.v., Deciner is not now used for the chiefe man of a
Dozein, but for him that is sworne tothe Kings peace. 1647
N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. xxvi, (1739) 43 All Free-men
were Decenners, that is, ranked into several tens. 1752
Frevpine Causes Incr, Robbers § 5 (R.) In case of the de-
fault of appearance in a decenner, his nine pledges had one
and thirty days to bring the delinquent forth to justice.
[1869 W. Motyneux Burton on Trent 105 There was a staff
of men six in number called ‘ Deciners’, whose duty it was
in modern times to assist the constables in preserving the
peace of the manor and borough .. The name commonly
given to these officers was dozener, and under it at the
present day they are associated in many instances with
municipal boroughs.] : :
91
Decennal (disenal), a. ? Obs.
nal-zs of ten years, f. decem + ann-us. Cf. F. dé-
cennal (16th c. in Hatzf.).] = DEcENNIAL.
1648 ‘Mercurtus Pracmaticus’ Plea for King 26, They
.. appointed Archons, or Decennall Governors, that is, one
Prince for ten years. 1708 Morreux Rabelais (1737) V. 235
A Decennal Prescription.
+ Decenna‘lian, ¢. Ols. = prec. |
1794 T. TayLor Pausanias I. 376 The Medontide still |
held the decennalian government.
Decennary (disenari), a. and 56. [f. L. de-
cenn-ts of ten years +-ARY : cf. DECENNAL.]
A. adj. Of or pertaining toa period of ten years ;
DECENNIAL.
1855 Frul. R. Agric. Soc. XVI. 1. 577 The average home-
produce of wheat .. during each of these decennary periods.
B. sd. A period of ten years ; a decennium.
1822 W. R. Hamitron in Parry's Wks. (1828) VIII. 34 The
awful predictions of the Whigs during the last decennary.
1826 H. C. Ropinson Diary (1869) 11. 322 The fifth decennary
of the nineteenth century. 1873 C. Ropinson NV. S. Wales
72 Dividing the decennary into two equal parts, it will be
found that..during the earlier five years [etc.].
Decennary: see DECENARY.
Dece‘nniad. [irreg. f. L. Decenntum +-an,
after triad, chiliad, etc.) =DECENNIUM.
[ad. L. decen- |
1864 Soc. Science Rev. 239 The increase .. was found in
the ten years ending in 1851 to be less than it had been
in any previous decenniad. 1882 A theneui 3 June 692/t
During three decenniads of the latter half of the present
century.
Decennial (dise'nial), a. (sd.) [f. L. decen-
ni-um (see next) + -AL: cf. centennial. The L.
adj. was decennal-ts, whence DECENNAL.]
A. adj. Of or pertaining to a period of ten
years.
1656 BLount Glossogr., Decennial, belonging to or contein-
ing ten years. 1685 Il. Morr /aradip. Prophet. gt At a
complete decennial interval. 1798 W. Taytor in Monthly
Mag. \V. 111 ‘The interest of a majority of the house ..
illegally to perpetuate its authority and vote itself decen-
nial. 1866 Rocrrs Agric. § Prices 1. xxv. 625 A table in
which decennial averages may be stated. 1868 M. Pattison
Academ, Org. iii. 52 The decennial return of income to be
made by each college. :
b. Of persons: Holding office for ten years.
1728 Newton Chronol. Amended 37 Charops, the first
decennial Archon of the Athenians. 1866 FELTon Anc. &
Mod. Gr. V1. v. 74 Seven decennial archons carried on the
government till B.c. 683.
B. sé. A decennial anniversary or its celebra-
tion, OS: 1889 in Century Dict.
Hence Dece‘nnially adv., every ten years.
1874 Daily News 16 Feb. 5/5 Opportunity of decennially
reviewing the progress throughout the world of fine arts.
|| Decennium (désenivm). Pl. -ia. [L., f
decenn-zs of ten years, f. decem ten + ainus year:
cf. dtennis, bienntum, and CENTENNIUM.] A space
of ten years, a decade (of years).
1685 H. More Paralip, Prophet. 91 Reckoning on still by
complete Decenniums. 1801 W. TayLor in Monthly Mag.
XII. 590 To unteach all their lessons of the last decennium.
1864 Pusry Lect. Daniel i, 8 In the last decennia of the last
century. 1881 Census Eng. & Wales Prelim. Report p. xii,
‘The decrease of the population of Ireland ..in each suc-
ceeding decennium.
+ Decennoval (dise‘ndval), a Obs. [ad. L.
decennoval-ts, f. decem-novem nineteen: see -AL.]
Of or pertaining to nineteen (years).
1681 Hooke Phil, Collect. X11. 28 Dionysius Exiguus in-
troduced the Decennoval Cycle (called the Golden Number)
for the Celebration of Easter. 1694 HoLpEer Désc. Time 75
Meton. .constituted a Decennoval Circle, or of 19 years.
So + Dece‘nnovary, + Decennove'nnal, = prec.
1694 Hotper Diésc.7ime 77 In this whole Decennovary
Progress of the Epacts. 1677 Cary Chronol.1. 1. 1. ii. 57 An
Interval of 1257 Years, which make 66 Decenovenal Cycles,
and somewhat more. 1686 PLor Staffordsh. 425 Through
the whole Decennovennal Cycle.
Decension, -sor, obs. DESCENSION, -SOR.
Decent (disént), a [a. F. décené (15th c. in
Hatzf.), or ad. L. decént-em, pr. pple. of deczre to
become, to be fitting. It is used etymologically
by Wynkyn de Worde (perh. as French) in
‘1495 T'revisa’s Barth. De P. R. v. xxix., The fyngres
highte digiti .. of this worde decent [Bod?. 7S. decere], to
saye in Englysshe semely, for they ben semely sette.]
1. Becoming, suitable, appropriate, or proper
to the circumstances or special requirements of the
case ; seemly, fitting. Ods. or arch.
I see b]. 1547 Latimer 1st Serm. bef. Edw. VI
(Arb.) 33 It was not decent that the kings horsses shuld be
kept in them [abbeys]. 1589 Putrennam Eng. Poesie 1.
xxiii. (Arb.) 279 Tell thine errand in such termes as are
decent betwixt enemies. 1661 Evetyn Diary 20 Dec., The
funeral of the Bishop of Hereford..was a decent solemnity.
@ 1677 Barrow Ser. Matt. i.20(Wks. 1716) II. 257 Decent
it was that as man did approve so man also should condemn
sin in the flesh. 1695 avon Parall. Poetry & Paint.,
Since there must be ornaments both in poster and poetry,
if they are not necessary, they must at least be decent, that
is in their due place, and but moderately used. 1710
StreLe Tatler No. 231 P2 After a decent Time spent in
the Father’s House, the Bridegroom went to prepare his
Seat for her Reception. 1749 Fietpinc Tom Yones v. iii,
So total a change..that we think it decent to communicate
it in a fresh chapter. 1827 Pottox Course 7. 11. Showing,
too, in plain and decent phrase. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng.
I. 75 The founders of the Anglican Church had retained
DECENT.
episcopacy as an ancient, a decent, and a convenient eccle-
siastical polity, but had not declared that form of church
government to be of divine institution. Fn Pe
+b. Appropriate with regard to rank or dignity.
1539 Act 31 Hen. VIII, c. 5 A goodly .. manour, decent
and convenient for a king. 1547 Latimer 1st Sermz. bef.
Edw, VI (Arb.) 33 God teacheth what honoure is decente
for the kynge. 1640 YorKE Union Hon. 77 The ‘Vombe ..
is not so decent, nor convenient as his honour and acts de-
served. 1657 J. Smitu J/yst. Rhet. 67 He useth a decent
and due epithet, thus, Honourable Judge. 1716 Lapy M.W.
MontacuE Basset Table 77 When kings, queens, knaves are
set in decent rank. «1794 Gipson A xtobiog. 84 The court
was regulated with decent and splendid economy.
+2. Of such appearance and proportions as suit
the requirements of good taste; comely, hand-
some,
1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa 1, 237 Most of their houses
are but of one storie high, yet are they very decent, and
have each one a garden. 1616 Buttokxar, Decent, comely,
handsome. 1625 Bacon Ess. Buildings (Arb.) 552 An In-
ward Court..Which is to be..Cloistered on all Sides, vpon
Decent and Beautifull Arches, as High as the first Story.
1669 A. Browne Avs Pict. (1675) 4 It is impossible to make
any decent or well proportioned thing, without this Syme-
trical measure of the parts orderly united. 1725 Pore Odyss.
xu. 273 Her decent hand a shining jav'lin bore. 1725 Dr
For Voy. round World (1840) 268 He had five or six apart-
ments in his house. .two of them were very large and decent.
3. In accordance with or satisfying the general
standard of propriety or good taste, in conduct,
speech, or action ; esf. conformable to or satisfying
the recognized standard of modesty or delicacy ;
free from obscenity.
1545 Jove Exp. Dan. vii. 124 A fayer decent semely
shewe of vtwarde deuocion. 1613 SHaks. //en. V///, Ww. il.
145 For vertue, and true beautie of the soule, For honestie,
and decent carriage. 1625 Bacon Ess. Praise (Arb.) 357
‘To Praise a Mans selfe, cannot be Decent, except it be in
rare Cases, 1712 HEARNE Collect. 29 Oct., "Iwill not be
decent for me to inquire into yt Affair. 1732 BerKELEy
Alkiphr. 1. § 10 The regular decent life of a virtuous man.
1754 CuarHam Lett. Nephew iv. 20 Be sure to associate
.. with men of decent and honourable lives. 1770 G1suon
On Aeneid v1. Misc. Wks. 1796 II. 507 The laws of honour
are different in different ages; and a behaviour which in
Augustus was decent, would have covered A¢neas with
infamy. 1830-2 Carteton 7vaits Irish Peasant. (Vegg's
ed.) 375 Are you ladin’ a dacenter or more becominer life ?
1855 Macautay /Yist. xg. 1V.265 Much more than they had
any decent pretence for asking. 1865 Mittin A/orn, Star
6 July, Would it have been decent in me to have gone among
you and said, ‘I am the fittest man ?’”
b. of persons.
1731 SwirT Poems, Strephon § Chloe, Women must be
decent, And from the spouse each blemish hide. 1886
H. H. Jounston Avlimanjaro Exp. xix. 437 The Wa-Caga
cannot be accused of indecency, for they make no effort to
be decent, but walk about as Nature made them.
4. Satisfying (in character, mode of living, be-
haviour, manners, etc.) the standard of one’s
position or circumstances; respectable.
17iz STEELE Sfect. No. 443 ? 7 Honestus .. makes
modest Profit by modest Means, to the decent Support
of his Family. 1738 Pore £72. Sat. 1. 71 Even ina
bishop I can spy desert: Secker is decent. 1771 Mrs.
Harris in Priv. Lett. Ld. Malmesbury 1. 239 Lord
Herbert is at Wilton with his tutor..a decent well-behaved
man. 1807 CrapBe Par. Reg. 1. 403 Next, with their boy,
a decent couple came. 1831 I’, L. Peacock Crotchet Castle
iii, Captain F.—Many decent families are maintained on
smaller means. Lady C.—Decent families: ay, decent is the
distinction from respectable. Respectable means rich, and
decent means poor. I should die if I heard my family called
decent. 1879 Gro. Exior 7hvo. Such ii. 27 Most of us who
have had decent parents. 1882 SerjT. BALLANTINE Exper.
Barristers Life 1. xxiii. 290, I remember a pantaloon.. He
was a very sober decent fellow.
b. of appearance, dress, etc.
1696 tr. Du Mont's Voy. Levant 45 Others go about ina
pretty decent Garb. 1745 De Koe's Eng. Tradesnian (1841)
I. xxii. 210 A well-furnished shop with a decent outside.
1773 JouNSoN Let. Mrs. Thrale 6 Sept., In the afternoon
tea was made by a very decent girl in a printed linen.
1843 Mrs. Cartyte Ze/t. I. 227, I am getting together one
decent suit of clothes for her. 1884 F. M.Crawrorp Rom.
Singer 1. 5 We made him look very decent.
5. Satisfying a fair standard; fair, tolerable,
passable, ‘respectable’ ; good enough in its way.
Distinct examples of this sense are late; within brackets
are given some earlier quots. which may belong to it.
[e 1642 Twyne in Wood Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 55 They
were put into battell arraye, and skirmished together in
avery decent manner. 1697 Drypen V7rg.Georg. Ded.(1721)
I, 180 If his Constitution healthful, his Mind may still”
retain a decent Vigour.]
17x Appison Sfect. No. 34 P10 At length, making a
Sacrifice of all their Acquaintance and Relations, [they]
furnished out a very decent Execution. 1773 J. BERRIDGE
Chr. World Unmasked (1812) 29 Some debts I shall pay
myself, a decent part of the shot. 1826 Cospetr Rur. Rides
(1885) II. 27 The locusts. .appeared. .to be doing pretty well,
and had made decent shoots. 1863 Fr. A. Kems_e Resid.
in Georgia 132 There was not another decent kitchen, or
flower garden in the State. 1880 Miss Brappon Just as
Z am xi, She had just learnt enough English to write
adecent letter. Jod. (Oxford Tutor) He ought to be able
to write decent Latin prose.
6. quasi-adv. Decently.
1715-20 Pore J/iad vu. 513 Nor less the Greeks their
pious sorrows shed, And decent on the pile dispose the dead.
1761 Exiz. Bonnore Rambles of Frankly (1797) U1. 176 The
woman was dressed neat and decent.
7. Comb., as decent-lived, -looking.
1800 Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Fam. \1.152 A small but
12*-2
DECENTISH.
tolerably decent-looking house. 1892 Pali Mall G. 5 Apr.
1,1 ig stole any spoons, and am a decent-lived man as
a whole.
Decentish (di‘séntif), @. collog. [f. prec. +
-18H.] Somewhat decent, pretty decent.
@ 1814 Dippin ‘ Tom Tough’ in Univ. Songster (1825) 83
Laid up at last in a decentish condition. 1820 Blackw.
Mag. V11. 298 The Jenkinsops had maintained a decentish
sort of character. “1854 Morttey Corr. 8 May, I have a
decentish kind of room here, and I think I stop.
Decently (diséntli), adv. [ty 2. :
1. Inadecent manner; withdecency ‘+ suitably;
+ fittingly ; becomingly ; respectably.
1 Hotozr, Decentlye, decenter. 1556 Lauper Tractate
SF rewle his ryng In Godlie maner, decentlie. 161
es 1 Cor. xiv. 40 Let all things be done decently [Vulg.
honeste; Wycur, and all 16th c. vv. scperoig and in order.
1639 Futter Holy War w. viii. (1840) 192 He also caused
the corpses of the Christians. .decently to be interred. 1662
Bk. Com. Prayer, Churching of Women, The woman. .shall
come into the Church decent y apparelled. 1723 De For
Col. Jack (1840) 221 My wife. .treated me more decently than
she had been wont todo. 1751 Jounson Rambler No.170 P 2
My father was burthened with more children than he could
decently support. 1814 Sourney Roderick 1, There upon
the ground Four bodies, decently composed, were laid.
1871 Mortey /oltaire (1886) 74 In England, Voltaire
noticed, the peasant is decently clad.
2. In a fairly satisfactory way or measure; toler-
ably, passably.
1846 Mrs. Cartye Left. I. 368, I cannot even steady my
hand to write decently. 1859 Darwin in Life & Lett. (1887)
I. 151 If I keep decently well.
+ Decentness. Ods. [-Ness.] The quality
of being decent ; decency, propriety.
1561 Veron Hunting of Purg. 37 Shall they [our dead] be
caried forth, wythout any decentnesse, as we wont to
cary forth dead horses? 158r MuLcasTerR Positions xxxviii.
(1887) 178 There is a comlynesse in eche kinde, and a decent-
nesse indegree. 1670 Evetyn Diary 6 Feb., The lawfulnesse,
decentnesse, and necessitie of subordinate degrees and
ranks of men.
Decentralization (dése:ntralaizéi‘fan). [n.
of action from next. So mod.F, décentralisation
(1878 in Acad. Dict.).J
The action or fact of decentralizing ; decentralized
condition ; esf. in Politics, the weakening of the
central authority and distribution of its functions
among the branches or local administrative bodies.
1846 Bastiat & Porter Gen. Interest 40 An irresistible
power of decentralization. 1872 M. D. Conway Repubi.
Superst.1.i. 10 The illustration of the dangers of extreme
decentralisation in a republic furnished by the history of
the United States.
Decentralize (dise‘ntralaiz), v. [f. Dx- II. 1
+CENTRALIZE. Cf. mod.F. décentraliser (1878
in Acad. Dict.).]
zrans. Toundo the centralization of ; to distribute
administrative powers, etc., which have been con-
centrated in a single head or centre. Hence De-
centralized, Dece-ntralizing f//. adjs.
1851 Nicuot. 4 rchit. Heav. 91 These unconcentrated, or
rather de-centralized masses of stars. ¥ Bricut Sf.
India: Aug., What you want is to decentralize your Govern-
ment. 1860 Sat. Rev. 1X. 803/2 Decentralizing influences
wax faint and few. 1875 MrerivaLe Gen. Hist. Rome \xx.
(1877) 575 During the last century the government of the
empire had become completely decentralized.
+ Deceper, v. Os. [Illiterate spelling of de-
separe or dessepare, a. OF . desseparer, deseparer,
ad. late L. dis-séparare, f. dis- asunder + séparare
to SEPARATE, SEVER.] ¢vans. Todissever. Hence
| Dece‘peration (OF. deceperacion (Godef.)],
separation, severance.
1547 Boorpe Brev. Health 13b, The one decepered from
the other. a1450 Ant. de la Tour (1868) 98 Deceperacion
of the loue be twene hem.
Decephalize (d/sefalsiz), v. Biol, [Dex- II.
1: cf. CEPHALIZATION (Gr. xepadh head).] To
reverse the cephalization of; to reduce, degrade,
or simplify the parts of the head of (an animal).
Hence Decephaliza‘tion, the simplification or
reduction of cephalic parts ; reduction of the com-
plexity or specialization of the head, as compared
with the rest of the body; decephalized condition.
(Introduced by Dana, in article cited.)
1863 Dana_in Amer. Frni. Science & Arts ond Ser.
XX scha Bin ples of cephalisation .. by a transfer of
members from the locomotive to the cephalic series (or of
decephalization by the reverse) occur in the two highest
sub- ingdoms, those of Vertebrates and Articulates. /bid.
5 The ] plify decephalization by de-
generation,
Deceptation, obs. f. Discrpratron, discussion.
+ Dece'ptible, a. Obs. a. obs. F, déceptible
or directly f. L. type *déceptidilis: see -BLE.] Apt
to be deceived.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 1 Humane nature ; of whose
deceptible condition..perhaps there should not need any
other eviction. /dfd. 1, iii, 8 An erroneous inclination of
the people; as being the most deceptible part of mankind.
Hence Deceptibi lity.
1665 GLANviLL Sceps. Sci. i. 6 Considering the shortness
of our intellectual sight, the deceptibility and impositions
of our senses. 1837 CartyLe Diam. Necklace Misc. Ess.
(1888) V. 162 A fixed idea..has produced a deceptibility..
that will clutch at straws.
92°
Deception (dise‘pfon). Also 6 dis-. [a. F.
déeption (13th c. in atzf.), ad. L. déception-em,
n. of action from décipére to DECEIVE.)
1. The action of deceiving or cheating.
© 1430 Lyne. Min, Poems (1840) 76 Hope dispeyred, a gwer-
donles gwerdone; Trusty disceyte, thful decepcioune.
1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes F ij, p* ben harme-
doers & loveth falshode and desepcion. 1490 Caxton
Eneydos xxvi. 95 What grete decepcions and iniuries she
ymagyneth ayenst the. cxg00 Doctr. Gd. Servauntes in
Anc. Poet. Tracts (Percy Soc.) 4 Fle dysceyte, gyle, and
decepcyon. 535. Srewart Cron. Scot. 11. 126 For greit
disceptioun all this thing he did. a1716 Soutu (J.), All
ion is a misapplying of those signs which ..were
made the means of mens signifying or conveying their
thoughts. 1794 S. Wittiams Vermont 170 He was ac-
customed to no falsehood or deception. 1862 Darwin
Fertil. Orchids i. 45 These plants exist by an organized
system of deception. oe : i
b. The fact or condition of being deceived.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud, Ep. mi. iv. 7 Hee is surel
reedy of delusion, and will hardly avoide deception, pin
, Dea Lett. xxxi. 144 The public has fallen into the de-
ception. 1836 Hor. Smitn 7in Trump. (1876) 118 Decep- —
tion—a principal ingredient in happiness.
2. That which deceives; a piece of trickery; |
a cheat, sham.
1794 Mrs. Rapcurre Myst. Udolpho xx, There is some
deception, some trick. 1833 Ritcnie Wand. Loire 176
Launching the anathemas of what we call taste against so
paltry a deception, 184 Miss Mitrorp in L’Estrange
Life Il. viii. 1430 There was no background to form a
phantasmagoria deception. -
Hence Dece‘ptionist, one who performs feats of
illusion ; a juggler.
1883 Society 20 Jan. 22/1 ‘The American Deceptionist’..
with his marvellous juggling tricks.
Dece'ptional, a. rare. [f. prec. + -au.] Of
or pertaining to deception ; deceptive.
1830 Gat Lawrie T. v. vii. (1849) 224, I played a decep-
tional part. —
Deceptious (dise‘pfas), a. Now rare. [a.
obs. I, deceptieux, -cieux, in med.L. déceptios-us
(Du Cange), f. déception-em: see -ous.] Of the
nature of or characterized by deception ; that tends
to deceive, cheat, or mislead.
1606 Suaks. Tr. & Cr. v. ii. 123 An esperance..That doth
inuert th’attest of eyes and eares; As if those organs had
deceptious functions. 1789 Bath Frnl. 20 July Advt., To
puff off an old stock in a deceptious manner. 1824 Ben-
tuam Bk. Fallacies Wks. 1843 11. 437 Deceptious terms.
1. In the war department,—Aonour and glory. 2. In inter-
national affairs, honour, glory, and dignity. 1829 Examiner |
706/2 False attacks, feints, and deceptious demonstrations.
1843 Tait’s Mag. X. 622 Stripped of its deceptious summer
verdure.
+ Dece'ptiously, adv. Obs. [f. prec. +-1¥2.]
In a way characterized by deception; in such a
way as to deceive.
1797 W. Taytor in Monthly Rev. XXIII. 582 She then
appoints him deceptiously in the bath house. 1817 BENTHAM
Plan Parl. Reform cxv, Circumstantially but deceptiously
evidentiary. | | :
Deceptitious (disepti:fes), a. rare. [f. L.
stem déceft- (see next) + -2¢zous (from L. -iczus).]
Of a deceptive kind or character.
1827 BentuamM Ration. Evid. Wks. 1843 VII. 15 Any
deceptitious representation of psychological facts. i
Deceptive (déseptiv), a. [a. F. déceptif, -ive
(1378 in Hatzf.), in med. or mod.L. déceptivus, f.
decept- ppl. stem of décipére to deceive ; see -1VE.
In ay a recent word (not in Shaksp.), which
has taken the place of Deceptious.] Apt or tend-
ing to deceive, having the character of deceiving.
Deceptive cadence (Music): false or interrupted cadence :
grote . if deceitful, d
1611 ., Deceptif, deceptiue, deceitfull, deceiuing.
1656 in BLount Glossogr. pe V. Kwox Remarks Gram.
Schools (R.), It is to be feared..that this mode of education
.-is ultimately deceptive. 1787 Harcrave Tracts, Case 0
Impositions (R.), The deceptive verbal criticism from words
no longer understood. 1 CartyLe Heroes (1858) 295
A mere shadow and deceptive nonentity. 1874 Morey
Compromise (1886) pi e see the same men..kneeling,
rising, bowing, with deceptive solemnity.
+ b. as sb. Deceiving faculty. Ods.
162 GauLe Magastrom. 268 By learning the deceptive, | 7 (r8e9) teite the prison. ee
next of kin to his mother.
and proving the experience, of the magical Art.
Deceptively (dise‘ptivli), adv. [-ty*.] In
ad ve manner, so as to deceive.
1825 ampere | Fined ig | (248) I, bd If Pa use be
words, an zon, he does it deceptively. 1
Bates Nat. Amazon 11. 8 Two smaller kinds, which are
deceptively like the little Nemeobius ina.
Dece’ptiveness. [-nzss.] The quality of
being deceptive.
Cartyte Fr. Rev. u. v. vi, An Executive ‘pretend-
ing’, really with less and less deceptiveness now, ‘to be
dead’. 1873 Burton Hist. Scot.V1. lx. 201 A characteristic
deceptiveness that must have com ded self-deceit.
vity (disepti-viti). [{f£ as Deceptive
+-1Ty.] =Derceprivensss ; also concr. a thing of
deceptive character.
1843 CaryLe Past & Pr. (1858) 230 A Deceptivity, a Sham-
in;
thi:
+ Dece'ptor. Obs. In 5 -our. [adc (through
Fr.) L. on ifr deceiver, agent-n. from déci-
pere to deceive. Cf. later F. décepteur (Littré).]
A deceiver.
DECERN,.
1484 Caxton sof w. xi. (1889) 116 Ypocrytes and decep-
tours of god and of the world.
+ Dooce prory, a. Obs. [ad. L. déceptori-us
deceitful, f. déceptor-em deceiver: see -oORY. In
obs. F. déceptoire.] Apt to deceive.
¢ 1430 Lypc. Bochas 1. xi. (1554) 25 a, See how deceptorye
Been all these worldly revolucions. 1727-30 in Baitry vol.
LL, and folio; whence r7§5 in Jounson.
Dece . vare. [fem. of DECEPTOR, an-
swering in sense to L. deceptrix: see -ESS.] A
female deceiver.
1880 M. Crommetin Black A II. viii. The t
di ress woke refreshed. tied ae cies
+ Dece-pture. Obs. [f. L. décept- ppl. stem of
dicipcre +-URE.] ‘Fraud, deceit’ (Halliwell).
Dece‘rebrize, v. [f. De- Il. 1+ Crrepr-um
+-12E.] To deprive of the cerebrum; to pith.
Decern (dissin), v. [a. F. décerne-r (1318 in
Godef.), ad. L. décernéve to decide, pronounce a
decision, f. Dg- I. 2 + cernére to separate, distin-
guish, decide: see CERN v. In OF. décerner was
confused in form with descerner, discerner; the
clear distinction between the two dates only from
the 16th c.; hence, in English also, decern is found
with the sense D1scEeRN.]
I. To decide, determine, decree.
+1. trans. To decide, determine (a matter dis-
puted or doubtful). Ods. a. with simple obj.
1425 Wyntoun Cron. vui. ii. 110 Be pe Text pai decerne
all Thacasis. 1555 Even Decades 80 The controuersie shulde
bee decerned by the bysshope of Rome.
b. with zn. or object clause.
1491 Caxton Vitas Pair. (W. de W. 1495) 1. 220a/1 Holy
faders .. decerned & concluded that it sholde be buryed
with theyr mayster. 1502 Arnoipe Chron. (1811) 162 Whan
my noble prince .. had decerned to send me his oratour to
France. 1 Stewart Cron. Scot. 1. 531 This ilk Donald
.. Decernit hes thairfoir richt suddantlie To gif battell. 1547
Homilies 1. Charity 1. (1859) 69 He shall not be deceived, but
truly decern and judge. a 1619 Fotnersy A theom. 1. v. §2
(1622) 31 To make them decerne, there should be no God
ec. intr.
1 Kennepy Compend. Tract.in Wodr. Soc. Misc. (1844)
105 The Apostolis and Eldaris convenit to dispute and de-
cerne upoun the questioun.
2. trans. To decree by judicial sentence. Now
a technical term of Scottish judicature ; the use of
the word ‘decerns’ being necessary to constitute
a DECREE: see quot. 1774 in d.
a. with simple obj.
cr HarrsrieLp Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 182 She ..
Boe ees .. contumax, anda citation decerned for her
appearance. 1637 GitLesriz Ang. Pop. Cerem. m. viii. 181
But onely pronounce the sentence according to that which
he who sitteth judge m the Court, hath decreed and de-
cerned. a18s0 Rossett1 Dante & Circ. 1. (1874) 118 Since
thou, Death, and thou only, canst decern Wealth to my life,
or want, at thy free choice.
b. that something be done.
1460 Capcrave Chron. 274 The lordis of this present Par-
en [1399] decerne and deme, That dukes .. sc!
lese .. her dignite. 1g§15 R. Samrson in Strype Eccl. Mem.
I. i. 17 A commission to some men ..to decern [that] the
same one exception process .. were of no strength.
1582-8 //ist. ames V[ (1804) 21 It was decernit that .. sho
sould be transportit to the fortalice of Lochlevin, and thair
decernit to remaine in captivity. ;
Ga n, etc. 4o de or ¢o do something. + 70
decern in: to mulct in by decree of court.
1526 Sc. Acts Fas. V (1814) 306 (Jam.) Decernit to haif in-
currit the panis contenit in actis. 1559 Diurn. Occurr.
(1833) 52 The forthe of Aymouth decernit to be cassin down.
x Carron Chron, Rich. II an.-23 1. 405 We .. by the
power, name, and authoritie to us .. committed,
decerne [1494 Fanyan dyscerne] and declare, the same king
Richard .. to be .. unworthy to the rule es
1640-1 Kirkcudbr. War-Comm. Min. Bk. (1855) 41 Roger
Gordoun .. for his ie in not to -
mittie .. is decernit in xx merks monie aby Lo
Decerns Al der Gord to nt and'pey
Glendon .. the soume of xxij lib. xiijs. iiijd. 1682 Lond.
Gas. No. 1682/1 The Lords Commissioners of Lusticiary,
therefore Decerne and Adjud of
cat Thay © deowre and adjedge the
oe et
be ential 7 1 Ersxine /’rine. Se.
decerned executor as
d. intr. -
Paynew Catiline xvii. 29 b, Whan they suffre, they de-
anee: whan they hold theyr peace, they cryealoude. 2588
A. Kine tr. Canisius’ Catech. 52 Authoritie, in governing,
and decerning. = ere in A. M*Kay
Hist. Kilmarnock (ed. 4) 363 fore [the Lord Ordinary]
pends the letters simpdicite . 1817 ‘kw,
ofthe complaint. 1880 Chambers’ Encycl.s.v. Debts,
an decerned for .. do not exceed, etc.
e. transf.
1850 7ait's Mag. XVII. 3106/1 One has said, ‘It is not
this’: another avers, ‘ It is not *: one decerns it [a book]
too elaborate.
II. To discern. by thei
+3. trans. To distinguish or separate by their
differences (things that differ, one thing from
another). Ods.
@ 1535 [see Decerninc]. 1546 Br. Garpiner Declar. Art.
Foye 16 b, That belefe was a condicion which decerned them
ihat shall enioye the fruite of Christes passion, and them
that shall not. ‘@157a Knox Hist. Ref 1846 I. 188 We
DECERNENT.
must decerne the immaculat spous of Jesus Christ, frome
the Mother of confusioun. 1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr.
Acad.1. 99 That rule..whereby..he decerneth and chooseth
good from bad. a1649 Drumm. or Hawtn. Disc. /impresa’s
Wks. (1711) 228 Things which cannot be decerned from
others ; as fowls like to others. Aerts.
b. zntr. To distinguish, discriminate be/ween.
@1535 Sir T. More Wes. 528 (R.) To deserne betwene the
true doctrine and the false. 1892 A. R. Watson Geo. Gil-
Jillan iii. 38 With little skill to decern between the good
and the evil in literature.
4. To see distinctly (with the eyes or the mind);
to distinguish (an object or fact); to discern.
1559 W. CunnincHAM Cosmogr. Glasse 9 Then all that we
ether by sight may decerne, or by arte conceive. 1595 Blan-
chardine Pt. u. Ded., You may well decerne, that my will-
ing minde dooth bewraie =, good meaning. c x610 Sir J.
Metvit Mem. (1735) 94 A Princess who could decern and
reward good Service. a@1638 Meve Afostasie Wks. (1672)
54 The starres and lights therein should not easily be de-
cerned. 1891 H. S. ConstasLe Horses, Sport, §& War 37
Differences. .that cannot be decerned by the eye.
Hence Dece'rning v//. sb., + Dece‘rnment.
@ 1535 Sir T. More Wes. 528 (R.) The decerning of the
true woord of God .. from the countrefet woorde of man.
155 Rowinson tr. More's Utop. u. (Arb.) 125 marg., The
decerning of punishment putte to the discretion of the magis-
trates. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 142 Judge by
your owne decernement, how much. a@ 1679 ‘IT’. Goopwin
Wks. 111. 1. 488 (R.) A yet more refined elective discretion
or decernment.
Decernable, var. of DisceERNABLE.
+ Dece'rnent, 2. Obs. [ad. L. décernent-em,
pr. pple. of décernére to DECERN.] Decerning ;
= DECRETORY I.
1677 Gate Crt. Gentiles II. 1v. 341 The reasons of good
and evil extrinsic to the Divine Essence are al dependent on
the Divine Wil either decernent or legislative.
Decerniture (déssmitiur). Sc. Zaw. [f. De-
CERN ¥v. (or its source) ; the formation is irregular,
imitative of such pairs as zwvest, nvestiture. Cf.
CERNITURE.] The action of decerning ; a DeckEE
of a (Scotch) court of justice.
1632 Lirucow 7rav. 1x. 380 Being urged to it by Captaine
Wairds decernitour, I freely performed his Direction. 1666
in Brown Supflt. Morrison's Decisions (1826) 1. 517 Suffi-
cient to maintain his right of the stipend, and to infer decer-
niture against the heritors. 1885 D. Beveripce Cudross &
Tulliallan I. iv. 130 We find two decernitures in favour of
Bessie Bur. 1885 Lp. Secsorne in Law Rep. 10 Appeal 500
The first question .. is, whether the decerniture in terms of
the declaratory conclusions of the summons is. .correct.
+ Dece v. Obs. Pa. pple. decerped, de-
cerpt. [ad. & decerp-ére to pluck off, crop, cull,
f. Dr- I. 2 + carpére to pluck, etc. With the pa.
pple. decerpt, cf. L. décerpt-us. (Cf. Discerr: the
two were often confused. )]
trans. To pluck off or out; to extract, excerpt.
1531 Etyor Gov. 11. xxiv, Tulli saieth .. Mannes soule,
beinge decerpt or taken of the portion of diuinitie called
Mens, may be compared with none other thinge .. but with
god hym selfe. 1566 Painter Pad. Pleas. Ded. I. 2 Out of
whom I decerped and chose (vaftinz) sondry proper and com-
mendable Histories. 7657, Tomuinson Renou's Disp. 255
Plums, decerped from .. different trees. 1678 CupwortH
Intell. Syst. 373 That God was a Mind passing through
the whole Nature of things, from whom our Souls were, as
it were, decerped or cut out. : 7
§] for DiscerP, to pull to pieces, divide.
x Etyor Gov. 1. ii, Howe this most noble Isle of the
worlde was decerpt and rent in pieces.
+ Dece'rpt, v. Ods. [f. L. décerft-, ppl. stem
of décerpére: see prec. Cf. Excerpr.] =prec.
@1612 Donne Bia@avaros (1644) 83 The rags of Fathers
decerpted and decocted by Gratian, and the glosses of these.
1651 Raleigh's Ghost 355 The soule of the world, from which
--they..taught. .that..the Soules of men, were decerpted.
+ Dece'rptible, a. Obs. rare.—° [f. L. ppl.
stem décerpt- (see prec.) +-IBLE: cf. contemptible.]
‘That may be cropped off’ (Bailey, vol. II, 1727).
+ Dece'rption. Ods. rare. [n. of action f. L.
decerpére, décerpt-: see DECERPT and -10n.] ‘A
cropping off, or pulling away’ (Phillips 1657);
that which is plucked off.
1662 Gianvitt Lux Orient. iii. (1682) 25 If our souls are
but Sapa and decerptions of our parents.
7 ecerta‘tion. Obs. [ad. L. décertation-em,
n. of action f. décertare to fight it out, contend, f.
De- I. 3 +certdre to contend.] Contention, strife,
contest ; dispute.
1635 Hevwoop Hierarch. v1. 334 Great hath the Decerta-
tion Bin mongst the men, "bout the Creation of
blessed angels. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. xii. 213 A
decertation betweene the disease and nature. 1661 ARNWAY
Tablet 213 (L.) The day of decertation, ‘ pro aris et focis’.
Deces, decese, decess(e, obs. ff. DEcEASE.
Decess (dises). rare. [ad. L. décéssus going
down, decrease, f. décédére to go down, depart,
etc.: cf. DEcuAsE.] Decrease, diminution.
1854 Syp. Dosett Balder iii. 17 Whatever .. from below
Receives nor of accession or decess. /bid. xxiv. 167.
Decession (dise‘fan). Now rare. [ad. L. dé-
céssion-em, n. of action from décédére (see prec.).
(Cf. OF, décession 15th c.)] | Departure, with-
drawal; secession; deviation from a given stan-
dard, ‘ coming down’; decrease, diminution (opp.
to accession).
1606 Warner Ab, Eng. xv. xcvii. (1612) 387 The Brittish
SS a
93
Church in primatiue Profession Proceeded, till did Slaughter
make therein a forst Decession. 1611 SpeED Hist. Gt. Brit.
Ix. xvi. § 36 By rebellious decessions, and absentments of him-
selfe. 1623 ‘I’. Scor Highw. God 39 Succession of Persons
without succession of Doctrine is a decession, a defection.
1635 W. Scorr Ess. Drapery 7 (T.) By the accession and
decession of the matter. 1655 FuLLER CA. //ist. 11. vi. § 48
By this .. decesion of the Jews. 1822 Sourney Le/#. (1856)
III. 336 In the event of Gifford’s decession, or decease, a
new ‘ Quarterly Review’ has been talked of. :
Hence Dece’ssionist, an advocate of secession.
1866 Morn, Star 20 Aug. 6/3 The Democrats, and ., the
decessionists.
+ Dece'ssor. Os. [a. L. dééssor one who
retires, a retiring officer, in late L. (Augustine, etc.)
‘predecessor’, agent-n. from décédére to depart, re-
tire.] = PREDECESSOR.
1647 Jer. Taytor Lib. Proph. vii. 128 The Popes may
deny Christ as well as their Cheife and Decessor Peter.
1651-3 — Serm. for year 1. iv. 42 David .. humbled himself
for the sins of his Ancestors and Decessors.
Deceue, -eyue, Deceyt‘e, obs. ff. DrcrIvE,
DEcEI?.
Deceuer, Decez, obs. ff. DissevER, DECEASE.
+ Decha'rm, v. Ods. [a. F. décharmer, in
Cotgr. descharmer ‘to vncharme, vnspell’, f. d-,
des-, LL. dis- (see Dx- I. 6) + charmer to charm.]
trans. To undo the effect of (a charm or spell) ;
to disenchant.
16.. Harvey (J.), He was.. cured by decharming the
witchcraft. : a
+ Dechay’, v. Ods. [ad. OF. decha-eir, de-
cha-ir: see Decay.] By-form of Drcay v.
1549 Conzpl, Scot. i. (1873) 2t Al dominions altris, dechaeis,
ande cummis to subuersione.
+ Deche,v. Oés. [OE. décan: app. not known
in the other Teut. langs.] To daub; to smear,
to lute.
a 1000 Eirric Hom. (Thorpe) II. 260 Hi bewundon his
lic mid linenre scytan zedéced mid wyrtum. c¢ 1000 Sax.
Leechd. 1. 150 Déc ponne anne clad per of, lege to dam sare.
Ibid, 1, 182 \xxviii, Cnuca mid rysle, and zedec anne clad
ermid [cf. Ixxix, Smyre bonne anne clad bermid, leze to
ere miltan). c1420 Padlad. on Hush. 1. 1124 Al thees
comixt wol deche Every defaute, and all the woundes leche.
(bid. 1x. 185 Oil-tempred lyme this joyntes shal scyment,
Thenne ysels myxt with litel water renne Thorough, deching
alle this holsom instrument.
+Dechee'rful, 2. Obs. nonce-wd. [See Dr-
II. 3.) Void of cheerfulness, melancholy.
1607 MippLeton Five Gallants wv. vii, O decheerful 'pren-
tice, uncomfortable servant. | 2 F
Dechemicalize, -ation, dechoralize, deci-
ceronize: see De- Il. 1. ;
Dechenite (de'xénait, dek-). Az. [Named
after the geologist von Dechen: see -1TE.] A
vanadate of lead and zinc, occurring in red or
reddish-yellow masses.
1851 Amer. Fru. Sc. Ser. 1. XII. 208 Dechenite comes
from .. Bavaria. 1884 in Dana J/in. 604.
De-chri'stianize,v. [Dz- II. 1 (OF. had
Z \-] trans. To deprive or divest of its
character ; to make no longer Christian.
Fraser's Mag. X.17 The Jew-bill has de-Christianised
one branch of our legislature already. 1884 Dean Burcon
in Pall Mall G. 11 Dec. 1/2 To de-Christianize the place—
to disestablish Religion in Oxford—was the great object of
those individuals.
Hence De-chri'stianized A//. a., -izing vd/. sb.,
De-christianiza'tion.
1869 D. P. Cuase in Standard 27 Oct., The De-Christian-
ising of the Colleges of Oxford. 1882 Church Q. Rev. July
434 A dechristianized nation. 1882 W.S. Lit.y in Spectator
25 Mar. 391 The dechristianisation and the demoralisation
of that country [France] are proceeding Jari passu.
Deci- (desi), shortened from L. decimus tenth.
1. In the French metric system, the initial element
in names of measures and weights which are one
tenth of the standard unit. (Cf. Dxca-.) Thus
Déciare, Décigramme, -gram, Décilitre, Déci-
métre, Décistére, the tenth part of the ave,
gramme, litre, métre, and stére respectively. (The
accents are generally omitted in Eng.)
180r Dupré, Neol. Fr. Dict. s. v.,In dry measure, the..
décilitre is equal to one eighth of the litron, 1809 Naval |
Chron. XXII. 363 It was about three decimetres in length.
1810 /did. XXIV. 301 Deciar = 2-63 square toises. /did.,
Decimeter .. decilittre .. decistere .. decigram. 1871 C.
Davies Metr. Syst. 1. 14, 1 decilitre=6-102338 cubic inches.
1883 Daily News og ie 3/7 Cartridges of one decimetre in
length each, 1890 /did. 14 Nov. 6/2 A decigram of liquid is
used for each injection,
2. Rarely in technical terms, as + deci-duodeci-
mal a., (a crystal) having the form of a ten-sided
prism with twelve additional planes at the ends
(six at each end).
1805-17 R. Jameson Char. Min. (ed. 3) 206 Sex-decimad,
when the planes that belong to the prism . . and those which
belong to the two summits, are the one six, and the other
ten in number or vice versa .. In the same manner, we say,
octo-decimal .. octo-duodecimal, and deci-duodecimal.
Decidable (désaidaib’l), z. [See -aBLx.]
1. Capable of being decided.
1594 Carew Huarte’s Exant. Wits v. (1596) 52 What the
vse .. of them may be..is not easily decideable. 1638
Cuinew. Relig. Prot. 1. ii. § 156. 115 Controversies ..
about Faith, are either not at all decidable .. or they may
DECIDEMENT.
be determined by Scripture. 1708 J. CHAMBERLAYNE S/.
Gt, Brit. u. u. vi, (1743) 396 All cases of trade .. are there
decidable. 1851 Carty.e Sterding 11. i. (1871) 169 The thing
not being decidable by that kind of weapon.
+2. To be decided, open to decision. Obs.
1611 Speep /ist.Gt. Brit. 1x. xv. (1632) 788 It was a ques-
Bon ecsennie) whether of the kingdoms was first to be dealt
with.
Decide (désaid), v.1 Forms: 4-7 descide,
5 deside, 5-6 decyde, 6 dissyde, discede, 7
discide, 6— decide. [a. F. décider (1403 in
Hatzf.), ad. L. décidéve to cut off, cut the knot,
decide, determine, f. Dr- I. 2+-cadéve to cut. In
OF. also des-céider, in Eng. des-, dis-: cf. Du- 1. 6.]
1. trans. To determine (a question, controversy,
or cause) by giving the victory to one side or the
other; to bring to a settlement, settle, resolve (a
matter in dispute, doubt, or suspense).
¢1380 Wycur Sed, Wks. III. 429 Bifore pis cause were
descided bytwene wyse men. 1484 Caxton Fables of A Ufonce
(1889) 4 The cause came before the kyng to be decyded
and pletyd. 1559 W. CunnINGHAM Cosmmogr. Glasse 43 There
is great controversie touching the Earthes fourme: which
Which must decide it. 1667 Mitton P. Z. vi. 303 Fit to
decide the Empire of great Heav’n. @ 1677 Barrow Wks.
(1830) I. 363 Advocates plead causes, and judges decide
them. 1860 TynpALL Glac. 1. xxiv. 170 The proper persons
to decide the question. J/od. This day will decide his fate.
2. To bring to a decision or resolve,
1710 STEELE Tatler No. 141 ? 2 Have agreed to be de-
cided by your Judgment. 1836 Soutney Left. (1856) 1V. 463
‘This ‘Tasso’ came in good time to decide me in a matter
upon which I was hesitating.
3. absol. or intr. To settle a question in dispute ;
to pronounce a final judgement. Const. de/ween,
in favour of, against; also with clause (or its
equivalent).
1732 Pore /f, Bathurst 1 Who shall decide, when Doctors
disagree? 1749 SMoLtetT Negicide 11. ii, Let heaven decide
Between me and my foes. 1794 Suttivan View Nat. II. 265
To judge and to decide on the authority of historical monu-
ments. 1844 Marryat Privateersiman xvii. 124 You shall
be the arbitress of her fate, and what you decide shall be
irrevocable. 1852 T. D. Harpy J/ew. La. Langdale 10 His
father..had decided that he should be brought up to the
medical profession. 1863 Gro. Etior Romola 11. xxii, Mo-
ments when our passions speak and decide for us.
4. intr. To come toa conclusion, make up one’s
mind; determine, resolve. Const. 2, on, wou,
against.
1830 D'Israrui Chas. /, II. i. 8 An English monarch now
decided to reign without a Parliament. 1887 C. J. Annry
Eng. Ch. & its Bes. 11. 54 Butler soon after this decided
against Nonconformity. Zod. Have you decided on going?
I have fully decided upon this course.
+ 5. trans. To cut off, separate. Ods. rare.
1579 in Fuller Holy & Prof St. u. xix. 122 Again, our
seat denies us traffick here, The sea too near decides us
from the rest.
+ Deci-de, v.2 Ods. rare. [ad. L. décid-cre to
fall down or off, f. Dg- I. 1 + cadéve to fall.] intr.
To fall off.
1657 Tomiinson Renou’'s Disp. 265 [The flowers of Helle-
bore] in whose middle when they are ready to decide, grow
short husks.
Decided (déssi:déed), sp/. a. [f. DEcIDE v.!]
1. Settled, certain; definite ; unquestionable.
1790 /nipartial Hist. War in Amer. 319 Such various
accounts have been given..that it is difficult to form any
decided opinion. 1858 Dickens Let#, (1880) II. 61 It was
a most decided and complete success. 1879 Roop Chromatics
xviii. 315 Decided greens are not admitted except in small
touches.
2. Resolute, determined, unhesitating.
1790 Patey Hore Paul, Rom. ii. 17 They had taken a
decided part in the great controversy. 1828 Scorr /. J/.
Perth vii, Henry Smith spoke out boldly, and in a decided
voice. 1840 ALison Hist. Europe VIII. xlix. § 13. 14 He
found them vacillating, he left them decided.
Decidedly (désaidédli), adv. [-Ly ?.]
1. Definitely, in such a manner as to preclude
question or doubt.
1790 Han. More Relig. Fash. World (ed. 3) 46 The balance
perhaps will not turn out so decidedly in favour of the times.
1841 W. Spatpinc /taly § /t. /s¢. I. 33 All the rustic dresses
are not graceful, and..some are decidedly ugly. 1860
TynpaLt Glac, 11. xxvii. 382 The lateral portions [of a
glacier] are very decidedly laminated.
2. In a determined manner, with decision, un-
hesitatingly.
1802 Mar. Epcewortu Moral 7, (1816) I. xiv. 117 He
decidedly answered, No. 1884 Sir J. Srepuen in Law
Reports 12 Q. Bench Div. 281 If the House had resolved
ever so decidedly that [etc.].
Deci‘dedness. [-nxss.] The quality of being
decided ; see the adj.
1804 W. TayLor in Ann. Rev. II. 359 That decidedness
of practical counsel which always accompanies clearness of
intellect. 1827 J. Aikman //ist. Scot. IV. vu. 21 Decided-
ness of principle.
+ Deci‘dement. Oés. rare. [f. Ducipe 7.1 +
-MENT : cf. judgement.) = DECISION.
@ 1625 FLetcuer Love's Pilgr. u. i, Descidements able To
speak ye noble gentlemen.
DECIDENCE.
+ Decidence (de'sidéns). Ods. [f. as DecmpENT:
see -ENCE. Cf. DecADENCE.] 1. Falling off.
Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. mi. ix. 127 The decid
94
273 As non-deciduate mammals, the Cetacea are held to be
more closely allied to the Ungulata than to the Carnivora
which are leciduate. 1882 vine Cat 474 The placenta
is
of their [deer's] hornes.
2. Falling off in strength, vigour, etc. ; decline.
1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. vi. 165 If the bloud, con-
stituted in this state of decidence, decay so far as [etc.].
Jbid. xvi. 611 When Children are in a neutral state of
decidence. |
+Decidency. ds. rare. [f. as prec,: see
-ENcY.] Falling, failing, subsidence.
1651 Biccs New Disp. P 238 Flowes not, till the ebb or
decidency.
+ Decident, 2. Os. [ad. L. décident-em, pr.
pple. of décidére to fall down or off, f. Dx- I.
1, 2+cadére to fall: cf. DecADENT.] Falling.
1674 Durant in Phil, Trans. XLIV. 223 Decident lapi-
descent Waters.
Decider (désai‘da1). [f. Decrpe v. + -ER1.]
One who or that which decides (a controversy,
question, etc.).
1592 WyRLEY Armorie 23 The Scriptures of God, the
decider of all controuersies. 1764 Foote Patron 1. Ss.
1799 I. 329 The paragon of poets, decider on merit, chief
justice of taste. 1862 Witperrorce Let. in Life ILI. 106
The. .danger of having..the Irish Bishops made the actual
deciders of our doctrine.
b. spec. in Racing. A final race or heat which |
decides the contest ; es. an extra one run for that
purpose, e.g. after a dead heat.
1883 Standard 18 June 2/4 He. .disposed of Egerie in the
decider. 1887 Daily News 8 June 6/5 This pair ran a dead
Sted last year..and in the decider Button Park proved. .the
tter.
Deciding (dissidin), v/. sb. [-1nG!.] The
action of the verb DrcipE; decision.
1576 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 382 For the
decyding of the same matter. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. 11.
xiii. § 20 In deciding of Questions in Philosophy. :
Deciding, ///. a. [-1ncG*.] That decides;
decisive.
1658-9 Burton's Diary (1828) IV. 68 This is a very great
question, and a deciding question. 1856 R. A. VAUGHAN
Mystics (1860) II. vut. vii. 74 The deciding epoch of his
[Behmen’s] life.
Hence Deci‘dingly adv., decisively, by way of
decision.
1646 Sir T. Browne Psend. Ef. vu. xiii. 366 Herodotus. .
hath cleared this point. .and so decidingly concludeth.
|| Decidua (dési-diz,4). [mod. or med.L. for
membrana décidua deciduous membrane: see Dr-
crpvuovs.]
1. Phys. A name given by Dr. W. Hunter to
the membrane formed, in the impregnated uterus
of certain orders of Mammalia, by alteration of the
upper layer of its lining mucous membrane; it
forms the external envelope of the ovum, and is
cast off at parturition (whence the name).
1785 Anat, Dialogues (ed. 2) 356 There is the false or spongy
chorion, which Dr. [W.] Hunter has found to consist of two
distinct layers ; that which lines the uterus he styles mem-
brana caduca or decidua, because it is cast off after delivery.
.. The decidua and decidua reflexa, differ in appearance from
the true chorion. 1794 J. Hunter Wés. 1837 IV. 57 The
enlargement of the uterus, the newly formed vascular mem-
brane, or decidua, lining the cavity. .sufficiently prove con-
ception to have taken place. 1841 E. Ricsy Syst. Mid-
wt/fery 1. iii. 27 To Dr. W. Hunter are we indebted for the
first correct description of the decidua.
attrib. 1875 tr. Ziemssen's Cycl. Med. X. 335 The so called
decidua cells. ae ;
2. Path. The lining membrane of the unim-
pregnated uterus discharged in some cases of dys-
menorrhza.
1864 F. Cuurcuitt Dis. Women u, iv. (ed. 5) 211 Ovarian
congestion, calling forth a sympathetic growth of the uterine
glands, forming a false decidua. 1869 New Syd. Soc. Bien-
nial Retrospect 378 The idea that it is a simple menstrual
decidua, Fe
Decidual (disi-dival), a. Phys. [f. Decrpu-a
+-AL.] Of or pertaining to the decidua.
1837 Owen Note in J. Hunter's Wks. IV. 69 The continua-
tion of the uterine veins into decidual canals. 1859 Topp
Cycl. Anat. V. 653 These two decidual coats. 1889 W. S.
Pravrair Treat. Midwifery 1. u. ix. 264 The decidual cells
are greatl increased in size.
Deci'duary, a. rare, [f. as Dectbu-ous +
-ARY : not on L. analogies.] Deciduous.
1871 Darwin Desc. Man II. xiii. 80 The sheddin
deciduary margins may be compared with the sh
very young birds of their down.
\| Deciduata (disi:diz,2i-ta), sb. pl. Zool. [mod.
L. “y pl. neut. (sc. andmalia) of dectdudat-us : see
of the
ding by
next.] A term comprising all ae Mammalia
which possess a decidua or deciduate placenta: with
some systematists the Deciduata and Non-deciduata
are major divisions of monadelphous mammals.
1879 tr. Haeckel’s Evol, Man 11. xix. 161 All Placental
Animals which ss this deciduous membrane are cl.
together as Deciduata. |
duate (d/si‘diz,t), a. Zool. [ad. med.L.
deciduat-us, f. DECIDUA: see -ATE2 2,] a. Pos-
sessing a decidua; belonging to the Deciduata.
b. Of the nature of a decidua: said of a placenta
which is cast off at parturition.
1868 Owen Anat. Vert. II. xxxviii. 724 The deciduate
type of lining substance. 1875 tr. Schmidt's Desc. 4& Darw.
Deciduity (desidiviti). rare. [f. L. type
*deciduitas, t. décidu-us: see -1TY.] Deciduous-
ness.
1846 Worcester cites Kerri. x
Deciduous (disi-dizjas), a. [f. L. décidu-us
falling down, falling off (f. décid-tre: see Dxct-
DENT) +-ous. Cf. mod.F. décidu.]
+1. Falling down or off. Ods.
H. More Enthus. Tri. (1712) 32 The Lightnin;
without Thunder are as it were the deciduous flowers of the
ZEstival Stars.
+b. Sinking, declining. Ods. rare.
1791 E. Darwin Bot. Gard. 1. 16 Yon round deciduous day,
Tressed with soft beams.
2. Bot. and Zool. Of parts of plants or animals
(as leaves, petals, teeth, horns, etc.): Falling off
or shed at a particular time, season, or stage of
growth, Opposed to persistent or permanent.
1688 R. Hotme Armoury 11. 115/1 Deciduous leaf. 1690
Bove Chm. Virtuoso. u. $i, ich some anatomists there-
fore call deciduous parts, such as the placenta uterina,
and the different membranes that involve the foetus. 1704
J. Harris Lex. Techn., Deciduous, is that which is apt or
ready to fall..Thus the Botanists say, in some Plants the
Perianthium or Calyx is deciduous with the Flower, i.e.
falls from off the Plant with it. 1766 Pennant Zool. I. p. xxii,
Upright branched horns, annually deciduous. 1784 Cowrer
Task 11. 468 Ere the beech and elm have cast their leaf
Deciduous. 1872 Huxtey Pys. xii. 290 The first set of
teeth, called deciduous or milk teeth. 1875 Darwin /usectiv.
Pl. xv. 353 The deciduous. . scales of the leaf buds.
b. of. Of atree or shrub: That sheds its leaves
every year ; opposed to evergreen.
1778 Br. Lowrn 7ransl. [saiah Notes (ed. 12) 144 The oak
[and] the terebinth.. being deciduous; where the Prophet's
design seems to me to require an ever-green. 1816 Kirsy &
Sp. Entomol. (1843) 1. 176 The insects injurious to deciduous
trees mostly leave the fir and pine tribes untouched. 1875
Lyew. Princ. Geol. 1. 11. xix. 459 The deciduous cypress.
e. Zool. Of insects: That shed their wings after
copulation, as the females of ants and termites.
d. Phys. =DECIDUAL,
1829 Bett Anat. Hum. Body (ed. 7) 111. 445 That the
ovum. .upon its descent gets entangled behind the deciduous
membrane. 1868 Owen Anat. Vert. III. xxxviii. 725 note,
‘The normal canal of the uterus is obliterated by the accu-
mulated deciduous substance.
3. fg. Fleeting, transitory; perishing or disap-
pearing after having served its purpose.
1811 W. R. Spencer Poems Ded., E’en Fancy’s rose de-
ciduous dies. 1841-4 Emerson £ss., Love Wks. (Bohn) I.
79 They discover that all which at first drew them together
..Was deciduous, 1870 LowEeLt Among my Bks. Ser. 1.
(1873) 177 There is much that is deciduous in books.
Hence Deci‘duously, Deci‘duousness.
1868 Owen Anat. Vert. II. xxxviii. 725 The deciduousl
developed lining substance of the piso 1727 Bai.ey vol.
II, Deciduousness, aptness to fall. 1871 Earce PAilol. viii.
395 This early deciduousness of our reflex pronoun.
Decigram, -gramme: sce DEcI-.
De'cil, decile. Astro/. [Corresponds to F.
décile (also dextil, Littré), prob. med.L. *decilis,
app. f. decem ten, after guintilis, sextilis.] The
aspect of two planets when distant from each
other a tenth part of the zodiac, or 36 degrees.
1674 S. Jeaxe Avith. Surv. 1. (1696) 11 Aspects. .Semi-
quintil or Decil. 1686 Goap Cedest. Bodies 1. xi. 39 The
ee .the Biquintile. .the Vigintile, and Quindecile, and
ecile, etc.,..We hope..we shall never be forced to own
such Driblets of Aspects.
Decilitre : see Dxct-.
Decillion (désilyon). [f. Dect-, L. decem ten,
on the analogy of mzllion: cf. billion.) The tenth
power of a million; a number which would be de-
noted by 1 followed by 60 ciphers. Hence Deci‘l-
lionth a. and sé.; Deci'llionist (sorce-wd.), one
who deals in infinitesimal doses (of homceopathic
drugs), such as the decillionth of a grain.
a 1845 Hoop 7o Hahnemann xii, Leave no decillionth
fragment of your works. 1880 Brae Slight Ailm. 21
Popular prescribers of decillionths of grains. 1865 A ¢
11 Mar. 345 If the homceopathists Id finally carry the
day, would a generation of decillionists have a right to call
Jenner and Holland quacks?
+De'cim. Obs. [ad. L. decima: see next.) A
tenth , tithe,
a, ob ir R. Corton Adstr. Rec. Tower 19 It was so..in
the best govern’d State [Rome] which let out their portions
and Decims to the Publicans.
|| Decima (de'sima). [L., for decima pars, tenth
, tithe, as a tax, offering, or largess.
1. A tenth ; a tax of one-tenth, a tithe.
¢ 1630 in Rushw. Hist. Col? (1659) 1. App. 14 Subsidies,
Fifteens, and such like..are fit to be released. .in recom:
pence of the said Decima, which will yield
more, 1811 WettincTon in Gurw. Desf. VI
up the new decima in order to obtain means
2. Mus. a. The interval of a tenth. (Common
in med.L. but rare in Eng.) b. An organ-stop
sounding a tenth above the normal or 8-feet pitch ;
called also a double-tierce. rare.
1819 in Rees Cyed. XI.
our Maiesty
I. 299 Giving
transport.
DECIMAL.
Decimal (de‘simal), @. and sb. [ad. med.L.
decimal-is of or pertaining to tenths or tithes, f. L.
decima tenth, tithe; whence sense 2, and F. décé-
mal in sense ‘relating to tithes’ (13th c. in
Godef.) ; in mod. use, treated as derivative of L
decimus tenth, or decem ten, in which sense the F.
word was admitted by the Academy only in 1762.]
1. Relating to tenth parts, or to the number ten ;
proceeding y tens.
op TE
al ar : the arithmetic in which
the Arabic or decimal notation is used ; in a restricted sense
the arithmetic of decimals or decimal fracti
Decimal numeration, the ical sy g ly
valent in all ages, of which 10 forms the basis; i.e. in whi
fhe make have Gintinct seuss Semen on, i num-
are ve peers multiples or powers of 10 with the
units added as mnieed. ‘Decienal coinage OY currency,
a mone! system in which each successive division or
denomination is ten times the value of next below it;
so decimal system of weights and measures, one in which
the ive di inations rise by tens, as in the French
metric system,
1608 R. Norton tr. Stevin (title) Disme: The Art of
Tenths, or Decimall Arithmetike, teaching how to per-
forme all computations ipa he? whole numbers with-
out fractions, by the foure princip] Arithmetick
.- Invented [1 585] by the excellent Mathematician Simon
Stevin. 1619 H. Lyte Art of Tens or Decimall Arith-
meticke 24 Here followeth two Tables of Decimal! accounts
for money. 1659 T. Pecxe Parnassi Puerp. 154 Some
Magistrates, void Cyphers we may call: Uselesse, but to
make others Decimal. 1684 Lond. Gaz. No. 1985/4 Cocker’s
Decimal Arithmetick: Shewing the nature and use
Decimal Fractions. 1782 Gouv. Morris in Sparks Life &
Writ. (1832) 1. 273 It is very desirable that money should
be increased in decimal ratio. 1841 E-rninstone Hist. Ind.
I. 245 The Hindtis are distinguished in arithmetic by the
acknowledged invention of the decimal notation. 1864
Cotenso Arithmetic (1874) 145 ‘Decimal Coinage’, A
Decimal Coinage.. n rect ded for adop by
| a Committee of the House of Commons.
b. Decimal fraction (+ number): a fraction
whose denominator is some power of ten (Io, 100,
1000, etc.) ; spec. a fraction expressed (by an ex-
tension of the ordinary Arabic notation) by figures
written to the right of the units figure after a dot
or point (the dectmal point), and denoting respec-
tively so many tenths, hundredths, thousandths,
etc. The number of decimal — (t parts) is
the number of figures after the decimal point.
+ Decimal thirds: the parts expressed by a decimal
fraction to 3 places, i.e. thousandths; so d. fourths, etc.
(For a historical sketch of the notation of decimal fractions,
the introduction of the decimal point, etc., see W. W. R.
Ball, Short Hist. Mathem. (1888) 176.)
1616 E. Wricut tr. Nafier’s Logarithms 19 Logarithms. .
to fall upon decimal numbers..which are easie to be added
or abated to or from any other nuntber. 1660 WiLLsFoRD
Scales Comm. 60, f%/, which decimal fraction is 1s. 10}d.
Ibid. 69, 1.060000. .1s a mixt decimal fraction. /éid.70 To
finde Decimal Numbers for any parts of a year, as monet!
weeks. 1674 ees Arith, (1696) 222 So ccosee divi
by 0,125, shall make the Quotient Decimal inde, 1704
J. Harris Lex. Techn. s.v. Decimal, There must be just as
many Decimal Parts cut off by the Gepeeesing Point, from
the Product, as there are Decimals in both Factors. 1706
a: — Introd. Math. 103 A Figure in the rst, 2d, ad.
etc. Decimal Place, is 10, 100, 1000, etc. times less than if
it were an Integer. 1840 Larpner Geom. 61 The number
expressing the circumference of the circle has been deter-
mined to 140 decimal places. 1873 J. Hamaiin Smit Arith.
(ed. 6) 79 Placing a decimal point at the end of the Dividend,
and aflzing as many zeros as we please. /did. 83 A Vulgar
Fraction may be converted into a Decimal Fraction.
¢. Of or relating to a decimal coinage, a decimal
system of weights and measures, etc.
1859 Sat, Rev. VIL. 13/2 The decimal project. /éd.,
During the progress of the decimal agitation.
+2. Relating to tithes. Ods.
1641 ‘Smecrymnuus' Vind. Answ.
a -discharge all busi to testamentary
and decimall causes and suites? won Hirelings
Wks. es 1) 377, I see them still so loth to unlearn their
deci Arith and still grasp thir Tithes. a 1662
Hevuin Hist. Presbyterians (1670) 469 (D.) The jurisdiction
of Ecclesiastical Courts in causes testamentary, imal,
10. 106 Can one
matrimonial.
B. sb. +1. A tenth Obs.
1641 WiLkins Math, Magick 1. xiii. (1648) 89 As a decimal,
or one tenth, Hooke Microgr. Cj b, And the inches
..I subdivide into mals. 1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag.
Iv. iij. - If you keep your Account by Arithmetick,
Decimals or 10 Parts.
2. A decimal fraction (see 1b); in f/. often =
the arithmetic of decimal fractions, ‘ decimal arith-
metic’ (see 1): cf, Contos.
Recurring decimal: one in which the exact equivalent to
a common fraction can be ex only by the continual
ition of one or more decimal figures ; called repeating
one figure recurs as ‘111 etc., written -i (=4), and cér-
culating when two or more recur as +i42857(=}).
_ 1651 R, Jacer Viske, hao Arithmetick in Decimals.
1660 Witisrorp Se
Decimal..is to be eae 2 by an Unit we bore
1805 Syp. Smirn Elem. Mor. Phafos. (1850) 180 The decimal
of a farthing. 1816 J. Smirn Panorama Sc. §& Art II. 41
The force of the wind on a square foot, would have peas a
pounds and a decimal. ee Lascee Handbk. Nat. Phil.
23A ry A, 1
portion. . d by 13606 5.
b. fig. A ‘fraction’; a (small) portion or part.
1869 Biackmore Lorna ARS 265 Bhholding. < ies
DECIMALLY.
decimal of promise. 1892 W. W. Peyton Memorad. Jesus
I, x Fractions of doubts and decimals of guesses.
Hence De’cimalism, a decimal system or theory.
De‘cimalist, an advocate of a decimal system (of
coinage, or weights and measures). De‘cimaliza-
tion, the process of decimalizing. De‘cimalize
v., to render decimal, reduce to a decimal system,
divide into tenths (¢rans. and adso/.).
1864 Wesster, Decimalism. 1859 Sat. Rev. VIII. 13/2
The ranks of the decimalists. 1887 /déd. 11 June 831/1
The decimalists..pester the general community with mils
..and dimes and half dimes. 1855 R. SLaTer (¢7#/e), Inquiry
into the Principles involved in the Decimalisation of the
Weights, Measures, etc., of the U.K. 1887 Longm. Mag.
Sept. 517 The subject of our coinage and its decimalisa-
tion. 1856 Leisure Hour V. 231/2 If we begin with the
sovereign, and decimalize downwards, we come first to the
florin. 1859 Sat. Rev. VIII. 13/2 Vhe decimalizing opinions
of the ‘Standard’ Commissioners. 1867 Contemp. Rev. 1V.
19 There would be no advantage in decimalizing the penny ;
the halfpenny and farthing are all we want.
im: (desimali), adv. [-LyY2.] In a
decimal manner ; by tens or tenths; into tenths.
1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn. s.v. Decimal, As Cyphers set
on the right Hand of Integers do increase the Value of them
Decimally, as 2, 20, 200, etc. So when set on the left Hand
of Fractions, they decrease their Value Decimally, as-5, -o5,
+005, etc. 1828 Hutton Course Math. 11, 82 The edge of
the rule is commonly divided decimally, or into tenths. 1859
Sat. Rev. VIII. 13/1 To have weights and measures decim-
ally divided. ; ;
. In the form of a decimal fraction.
in Capt. Smith's Seaman's Gram. u. xvi. 125 The
Weight..is 7 Pound 5 Ounces, (or Decimally) 7.31.
+De‘cimate, s/. Ods. [ad. med.L. dectmat-us
tithing, area whence tithe is collected, f. L. dec?-
mare to tithe.] ‘Tithing, tithe.
1641 Heywoop Reader here, etc. 1 That not with their
due Decimates content Both Tythe and Totall must encrease
their rent ?
Decimate (de'sime't), v.
take the tenth, f. dectm-us tenth: see -ATE 3,
F. décimer (16th c.).]
+1. To exact a tenth or a tithe from; to tax to
the amount of one-tenth. Oés. In Eng. //ist., see
DECIMATION I.
1656 in Biount Glossogr. 1657 Major-Gren. Desprowr
Sp. 72 Parlt. 7 Jan., Not one man was decimated but who
had acted or spoken against the present government, 1667
Drypven Wild Gallant u1.i, I have heard you are as poor as
a decimated Cavalier. 1670 Penn Lid. Consc. Debated Wks.
1726 I. 447 The insatiable ht gAraan of a decimating Clergy.
1738 Neat Hist. Purit, 1V. 96 That all who had been in
arms for the king. .should be decimated ; that is pay a tenth
part of their estates. a@ 1845 [see Decimatep].
2. To divide into tenths, divide decimally. Obs.
1749 SMetuurst in Phil. Trans. XLVI. 22 The Chinese
..are so happy as to have their Parts of an Integer in their
Coins, &c. decimated.
3. Afilit. To select by lot and put to death one
in every ten of (a body of soldiers guilty of mutiny
or other crime) : a practice in the ancient Roman
army, sometimes followed in later times.
1600 Dymmox 7veat. /reland (1843) 42 All..were by a
martiall courte condemned to dye, which sentence was yet
mittigated by the Lord Lieutenants mercy, by which they
were onely decimated by lott. 1651 Relig. Wotton. 30 In
Ireland. .he [Earl of Essex] decimated certain troops that
ran away, renewing a peece of the Roman Discipline. 1720
Ozett Vertot’s Rom. Rep. 1. 11. 185 Appius decimated,
that is, put every Tenth Man to death among the Soldiers.
1840 Napier Penins, War VI, xxu. v. 293 The soldiers
could not be decimated until captured. “1855 MacauLay
Hist. Eng. \V.577 Who is to determine whether it be or
be not necessary..to decimate a large body of mutineers?
4. transf. a. To kill, destroy, or remove one in
every ten of. b. rhetorically or loosely. To destroy
or remove a large proportion of; to subject to
severe loss, slaughter, or mortality.
1663 J. SpeNcER Prodigies (1665) 385 The ..Lord .. some-
times decimates a multitude of i itandevas and discovers in
the personal sufferings of a few what all deserve. 1812 W.
Taytor in Monthly Rev. LXXIX. 181 An expurgatory
index, pointing out the papers which it would be fatiguing
to peruse, and thus decimating the contents into legibility,
1848 C. Bronte Lef#. in Mrs. Gaskell Life 276 Typhus fever
decimated the school periodically. 1875 Let. Princ. Geol,
II. m. xlii. 466 The whole animal Creation has been deci-
mated again and again. 1877 Fietp Killarney to Golden
Horn 340 This conscription weighs very heavily on the
Mussulmen .. who are thus decimated from year to year.
1883 L. OuipHant Haifa (1887) 76 Cholera. .was then deci-
mating the country.
Hence Decimated, De‘cimating A//. adjs.
1661 MippLETON bat of Q. Pref., Now whether this
magistrate fear’d the decimating times. 1667, 1670 [see r].
@ 1845 Syp. Smitu Wks. (1850) 688 The decimat
Decimater: see DEctmaror.
Decimation (desiméifon). [ad. L. decima-
tion-em the taking of a tenth, tithing, n. of action
from decimare to DECIMATE.] x
1. The exaction of tithes, or of a tax of one-tenth ;
the tithe or tax itself.
Popularly applied to the tax levied by Cromwell on the
Royalists in 1655 : see Calendar Domestic St. Pap.1655, 347.
Cf. DecIMATE 7. 1.
1549 Latimer 6¢h Serm, bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 165 Their
doctrine was..but of Lotions [wz/sf7. Lolions], of decima-
tions of anets seade, and Cummyn. ¢ 1630 in Rushw. Hist.
Colt, (1659) I, App. 14 The first means., to increase your
(f£ L. decimd-re to
Ck
person.
95
Majesty’s revenues. .I call it a Decimation, being so tearmed
in teal. importing the tenth of all Subjects Estates to be
paid as a yearly Rent to their Prince. 1655 Everyn Mew.
(1857) I. 327 This day came forth the Protector’s Edict, or
Proclamation. .with the decimation of all the royal party’s
revenues throughout England. 1657 Major-Gen. Des-
Brow Sf. in Parlt. 7 Jan., 1 think it is too light a tax, a
decimation ; I would have it higher. 1669 WorLIDGE Syst.
Agric. vii. § 1 (1681) 111 One that would not improve a very
good piece of ground. .with Fruit-trees, because the Parson
would have the decimation of it. 1738 Neat Hist, Purit.
1V. 123 To sequester such as did not pay their Decimation.
1827 PoLtok Course 7. 11. 669 The priest collected tithes,
and pleaded rights Of decimation, to the very last, 1869 W.
Motyneux Burton on Trent 40 This decimation was under
a Sager of excommunication by Pope Alexander LV.
. Mitt. The selection by lot of every tenth man
to be put to death, as a punishment in cases of
mutiny or other offence by a body of soldiers, etc.
1580 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 768 Antonius..executed the
Decimation. For he divided his men by ten Legions, and
then of them he put the tenth Legion to death. 1617 CoL-
tins Def. Bp. Ely. ii.g9. 1717 De For Mem. Ch. Scot.
mt. 75 After the Decimations and Drafts made out of them
for the Gibbet and Scaffold were over, these were sentenc’d
to Transportation. 1827 Macautay A/achiavelli Ess. (1854)
39/2 Whether decimation be a convenient mode of military
execution. . f
b. The execution of nine out of every ten. rare.
1867 Freeman Norm, Cong. (1876) I. App. 674 A systematic
decimation of the surviving male adults. By decimation
is here meant the slaying, not of one out of ten, but of nine
out of ten. :
+e. The selection of every tenth member for
any purpose. Ods. rare.
1632 J. Lee Short Surv. 36 The foot forces are culled and
pickt out from among the choicest youth .. by decimation,
or taking every tenth man. 1742 Warsurton /i4s. (1811)
XI. 155 Of a hundred arguments from reason and authority
--he has not ventured so much as at a decimation.
3. transf. a. The killing or destruction of one
in every ten. b. doose/y. Destruction of a large
proportion ; subjection to severe loss, slaughter, or
mortality.
1682 Sir I’. Browne Chr. Mor. 65 The mercy of God hath
singled out but few to be the signals of His justice .. But
the inadvertency of our natures not well apprehending this
merciful decimation, etc. 1856 J. H. Newman Cadlista 267
The population is prostrated by .. pestilence, and by the
decimation which their riot brought upon them. 1871 Daily
News 21 Sept., In situations where their decimation by
smart rifle practice would be almost a foregone conclusion.
Decimator, -er (de‘sime'ta1). [a. med.L.
decimator tithe-taker, n. of action from dectmare
to DecimaTE; or f. DECIMATE + -ER!. In F, déci-
mateur.]
+1. An exactor or receiver of tithes, or of taxes
to the amount of one-tenth. Ods.
1673 Rupyarp & Giwson Tythes ended 13 Why then do
not the Decimators take their Tenth themselves? a 1716
Soutu Sern. 30 Jan. (T.), We have complained of. .seques-
trators, triers, and decimators.
2. One who decimates ; see DECIMATE v. 3, 4.
1862 MerivateE Rom. Emp. (1865) V. xlv. 355 The deci-
mater of the Senate.
+Decime!, Obs. [ad. med.L. decima tenth,
tithe, tithing. Cf. next.} A tithing as a division
of the Aundred in the English counties.
1611 Speep 7heat. Gt. Brit. u. 3/2 Elfred ordained Cen-
turies, which they terme Hundreds, and Decimes, which
they call Tithings. ¢1630 Rispon Surv. Devon Title in
orig. MS., The Decimes or a Corographicall description of
the County of Devon. |
|| Décime 2 (des¢‘m). [F., ad. L. deczma tenth.]
A French coin of the value of one-tenth of a franc.
1810 Naval Chron. XXIV. 302 Decime = 2 Sols. 0,3
Deniers, P :
Decimestrial (desime'strial), a. rare. [f. L.
deciméstri-s, var. reading of decemméstris (f. decem
ten + -méstris, deriv. of mensis month; cf. menstruus
monthly) +-AL.] Consisting of ten months.
1842 Smitu Dict. Gr. & Rom. Antig. s.v. Calendar, The
decimestrial year still survived long after the legal govern-
ment had ceased. 1862 G. C. Lewis Astron. Ancients i. 9
Varro is also stated to have accepted the decimestrial year
of Romulus.
Decimeter, -metre: see DEct-.
Decimo-se’xto. ? Ods. [for L. sexto decimo,
ablative case (due to original occurrence with 27)
of sextus decimus sixteenth.] A term denoting the
size of a book, or of the page of a book, in which
each leaf is one-sixteenth of a full sheet ; properly
SEXT0-DECIMO (usually abbreviated 16mo.). Also
applied fg. to a diminutive person or thing.
1599 B. Jonson Cynthia’s Rev. 1. i, How now! my dancing
bagent in decimo sexto! charm your skipping tongue.
1608 Mippteton Five Gallants 1. i, Neither in folio nor in
decimo sexto, but in octavo. 1656 Artif, Handsomt. 75 Our
stature .. if shrunk to a dwarfishnesse and epitomized to a
Decimo-sexto. 1659 D. Pett Jmpr. of Sea 286 The little
decimo sextos that be both in the Sea and Land. .the small
fish..as well as... the great folios of the Whale, and Ele-
phant. 1706 Hearne Coélect, 4 Feb., As in Octavo’s and
Decimo-Sexto’s. - Obs. Pr ae
+Decinary!, a. Oss. Properly decenary.
[f. med.L. decendri-us, f. decena body of ten; cf.
deciner, var. of DECENER.] Divisible by ten.
16s0 AsumoLe Chym. Collect. 88 That so in a Decinary
number, which is a perfect number, the whole Work may be
consummate, /6/d. 92.
|
DECIPHER.
Decinary 2, -ner: sce DECENARY, -NER.
Decine, Chem.: see DECYL.
Decipher (désai‘for), v. Forms: 6-7 des-,
discipher, -cypher, (6 discifer, -sipher, 7 decy-
fer), 6— decipher, -cypher. [f. CrpHER, after F.
déchiffrer, in 15th c. deschiffrer, {. des-, de- (DE-
I. 6) +chiffre cipher. Cf. lt. deciferare (Florio).]
1. trans. To convert into ordinary writing (what
is written in cipher) ; to make out or interpret (a
communication in cipher) by means of the key.
1545 Eart Hertrorp Let. Hen.V///in Tytler Hist. Scot?
(1864) II. 404 A letter in cipher..which we have deciphered.
iss2z Ascuam in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 12 Seeing our
lettres fittly dissiphered. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn, 1. xvi.
§ 6 The virtues of them [ciphers]. .are..that they be impos-
sible to decipher. @ 1674 CLarENDON //ist, Red. x. (1843)
595/2 The following letter was sent him by the Lord Jermyn,
in whose Cipher it was writ, and deciphered by his lord-
ship. 1709 HEARNE Collect. 24 Nov., Mr. Blincoe, being her
Majesty's Officer in decyphering Letters, when there is
occasion. 1839 James Louis X/V, 1. 9 The Queen was
too closely watched to put the correspondence in cypher
herself, or to decypher the answers she received, [See also
CipHer sé, 5 and v. 2.)
2. ¢ransf. To make out the meaning of (char-
acters as difficult as those of a cipher): a. of ob-
scure or badly-formed writing.
1710 STEELE Tatler No. 104 ® 5 With much ado I deci-
phered another Letter. 1799 C. Durnrorp W7d/es’ Rep. Pref.
4 The necessity of decyphering and transcribing myself the
manuscripts of the learned Chief Justice which are in a
character peculiar to himself. 1855 Bain Senses §& /nt. ut.
ii. § 21 In deciphering bad hand-writing there is scope for
identifying sameness in diversity.
b. of hieroglyphics, or writing in a foreign
alphabet. Also fg.
1681-6 J. Scorr Chr. ad (1747) III. 264 When our
Saviour came into the World he unveiled the Jewish Religion,
and deciphered all those mystical Characters wherein its
spiritual Sense was expressed. 1750 Jounson Rambler
No. 19 P11, I have found him..decyphering the Chinese
language. 1794 SuLtivan V’zezwv Nat. II. 361 Coins .. with
legends in a character not to be decyphered by the anti-
quaries of Europe. 1843 Prescott J/e.rico (1850) I. 175 He
deciphered the hieroglyphics. 1858 F. Hatt in Fraud. cl static
Soc. Bengal 217 The Khaira inscription..has been partially
deciphered.
3. ‘To make out the meaning of (anything obscure
or difficult to understand or trace): a. of things
Jig. treated as writings ; b. of other things.
@ 1605 Danirt Philotas, These secret figures Nature’s
message beare Of comming woes, were they deciphered
right. 1862 C. P, Hopcson in Guardian 30 Apr. 424 ‘The
history of the ‘Ainos’ also is a singular book to decipher.
1865 LiviNGSTONE Zamdbest xxv. 535 Attempting to decipher
the testimony of the rocks.
« 1669 GALE Crt. Gentiles 1. 1. vi. 33 Learned Bochart..
does thus decipher this riddle, 1788 Rrip Aristotle's Log. vi.
§ 2. 141 We may at last decypher the law of nature. 1874
SrurGeon J7vas. Dav. Ps, 1xxxiv. 6 Probably there is here
a local allusion, which will never now be deciphered. 1884
BowER & Scotr De Bary’s Phaner. 367 A structure which
at the first glance is difficult to decipher.
+ 4. To find out, discover, detect. Ods.
1528 GarpINER in Pocock Rec. Ref I. 1. 104 To the intent
we might the better discipher the very lett and sticking.
1574 Dee in Lett, Lit. Men (Camden) 37 Yf by such a
secret..Threasor hid may be deciphered in precise, place.
1588 SHaks. 774, A.1v. il. 8 That you are both decipherd,
thats the new For villaines markt with rape. 1599
Sir R. Wrorne in Ellis Orig. Leté. 1. 11. 181, I have
appoynted sum especiall spyall of them to bewray them and
to know them..and I hope in time to have them discifared.
+5. Of actions, outward signs, etc.: To reveal,
make known, indicate; to give the key to (a
person’s character, etc.). Ods.
1529 More Suppl. Soulys Wks. 329/1 If he would nowe..
belieue those .iij. or .iiij. noughty persones, against those
-iij. or .iiij. C. good and honest men: he then should well
decypher himselfe, and well declare therby, etc. 1598
Suaks. Merry W. v. ii. 1o What needes either your Mum
or her Budget? The white will decipher her well enough.
@ 1649 Drumm. or Hawtu. Fam. Epist. Wks. (1711) 143
Crosses serve for many uses, and more than magistracies
decipher the man. 1793 Hotcrorr Lavater’s Physiog.
Xxxviii. 197 Each man has his favorite gesture which might
decypher his whole character.
+b. Of persons: To reveal. Ods.
1594 J. Dickenson Avisbas (1878) 37 I haue a secret to
disclose, a sorrowe to disciphre. f :
+ 6. To represent verbally or pictorially ; to de-
scribe, delineate, portray, depict; = CIPHER v. 3.
1572 Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. (1846) I. 191 Thane begane he
to dissipher the lyves of diverse Papes, and the lyves of all
the scheavelynges for the most parte. 1579 Gosson Sch. of
Abuse (Arb.) 19 Whether he were better with his art to dis-
cifer the life ive Nimphe Melia, or Cadmus encounter with
the Dragon, or [etc.]. _160x Hottanp Péiny Il. 145 First 1
will discipher the medicinable vertues of trees. 1607 Tor-
sELt Four. Beasts (1658) 112 Those Painters which could
most artificially decipher a Dog..were greatly reverenced
among the Egyptians. 1626 Massincer Rom. Actor t. i,
On the stage Decipher to the life what honours wait On good
and glorious actions. 1714 AppIsoNn Sfect. No. 613 P 8 De-
ens them on a carpet humbly begging admittance.
1753 L. M. tr. Du Boscg's Accompl. Woman 1 The fancied
Loves which these romantic Tales decipher.
+7. To represent or express by some kind of
character, cipher, or figure; =CIPHER v. 2. Obs.
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 144 One tearmed by
the name of Friendship, and this other challenging onely
to be deciphered by Love. 1644 Butwer Chiron. 15 The
ancient Masters of the Hieroglyphiques..used to decypher
DECIPHER.
a distinct and articulate voyce by a Tongue 1720 WATER-
LAND 8 Servm., The Son being decipher’d and figur’d under
those names or Characters. 1727 Swirt Gulliver, Brob-
se 9, Fone Of these hairs I likewise made a neat little purse,
with majesty's name di red in gold letters,
Hence Deci‘phered ///. a.
Graves Rom. Law in Encycl. Metrop. 776/1 A copy of
the hered text.
‘pher, s/. [f. prec. vb.] The decipher-
ment or translation of a cipher. 4
1545 Eart Hertrorp Let. to Hen. VIII in Tytler Hist.
Scotd, (1864) I. A letter in cipher..which we have de-
ciph and send both the cipher and the decipher to your
jesty herewith. 1571 State Trials, Dk. of Norfolk (R.),
er brought me a di er, telling me, That forty was
for me, and thirty for the Queen of Scots. @ 1670 HackeT
Abp. Williams 1. (1692) 22 His Majesty had pointed at no
person, nor disclosed his meaning by any bag ga or intima-
tion. 18r2 WELLINGTON in Gurw. IX. 280, I wish that the
Marques had sent the ciphered letter here, or at least an
accurate copy of the decipher. 1878 N. Pocock Harfsfield'’s
Divorce Hen. VIII Notes 324 The sage is in cypher,
and runs as follows in the decypher given by Mr. Brewer.
+b. Description, delineation. Ods.
a 1670 Hacket Abp. Williams u. 220 (D.) A Lord Chan-
cellour of France, whose ecipher agrees exactly with this
great prelate, sometimes Lord Keeper of the Great Seal.
Decipherable (disai:farab’l), a. [f. DectrHER
v.+-ABLE, Cf. F. déchiffrable (17th c.).] Capable
of being deciphered, made out, or interpreted.
1607 Dekker Ant.’s Conjur. (x84a) 67 In his countenance
there was a kinde of indignation fighting with a kind of ex-
alted ioy, which by his very gesture were apparently deci-
pherable. 1787 T. Jerrerson Writ. (1859) 11. 334 The form
which affairs in Europe may assume, is not yet decipherable
by those out of the cabinet. 1854 H. Mitter Sch. & Schm.
(1858) 135 Half-effaced but still decipherable characters.
Hence Deci‘pherably a/v. nonce-wd., in a de-
cipherable manner.
1890 Temple Bar Mag. Aug. 480 [They] still tell their
curious faint tale decipherably.
Deci-pherage. zonce-wd. Decipherment.
1851 H. Torrens Prxd. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 42 This is due
to the decypherage of the Behistun and other inscriptions.
Deciphera‘tion. once-wd. =prec.
1838 Fraser's Mag. XVIII. 235 Our strongest microscope
and concentrated powers of decipheration.
Decipherer (d/sai-faraz). [f. DEciPHER v. +
-ER: cf. F. déchiffreur (16th c. in Hatzf.).] One
who deciphers ; one who makes out the meaning
of what is written in cipher, or in indistinct or un-
known characters.
Formerly the title of a government official.
1587 Gotpinc De Mornay Pref. g Anatomists or Deci-
pherers of nature; such as Pythagoras, Plato, Aristotle.
1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 11. xv. § 6 Suppose that cyphars
were well managed, there bee multitudes of them which ex-
clude the discypherer. 1715 //ist. Register, Chron. Diary
63 John Keil, Esq.; appointed his Majesty’s Decypherer.
1863 Kincrake Crimea 11. xvi. 100 The message came in
an imperfect state. Part of it was.. beyond all the power of
the decipherer.
Deci'pheress. 7ave—'. [See -Ess.] A female
decipherer.
a 1763 Byrom rpreain Hl 6 And thou, O Astrology, Goddess
divine, Celestial decypheress.
Deciphering (disai'forin), oJ/. sh. [-1nNG1.]
The action of the verb DECIPHER in various senses.
1gs2 Ascuam in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 13 And bicause
I pears this in siphering, I think other may perhaps
light za the same in dissiphring. 1712 HEARNE Collect.
(Oxf ist. Soc.) III. 43 He .. understood the Art of
ecyphering tolerably well. 1883 Atheneum 17 Nov. 629/3
Much of it is actually due to his own deciphering.
Decipherment (d/ssi‘farzmént). [Drcirner
v. + -MENT; a modern word, not in 1847.
Cf. F. déchiffrement (16th c. in Hatet | The
action of deciphering ; esf. interpretation of hiero-
glyphics or of obscure inscriptions,
1846 in Worcester [who cites For.Q. Rev. and notes it as
rare). 185x D. Witson Preh. Ann, (1863) II. 1. iv. 287 In-
scriptions more elaborate and difficult of decipherment. 1862
Max MULtER Chips (1880) I. v. 122 His later decipherments
of the Cuneiform inscriptions. 1874 Savce Compar. Philol.
aa Fie The decipherment of the records of Assyria and
Babylonia.
iL
Decipium (disi-pidm). Chem. tna. irreg. f. L.
decip-tre to deceive, with ending of sodium, potas-
sium, cerium, etc.) A sup rare metallic ele-
ment of the cerium earth group.
Its oxide, Decipia, was discovered by Delafontaine in
ot in the samarskite of North Carolina, and the iodate,
sulphate, and other salts have been prepared. the sup-
position that decipia, of which the molecular weight is 390,
is Dp2 Og, it is inferred that decipium is a triad of
atomic weight 171. (See Comptes Rendus txxxvu. 632 and
xcut. 63, and Watts Dict. Chem. (1881) VIII. 2156.)
Deciple, -pel, obs. forms of Discrrir.
+ Deci‘rcinate, v. Obs. [f. L. décircind-re to
round off, f. Dg- I. 2, 3 + circin-us circle.] To
round ng form into a circle.
1656 in Biounr Glossogr. [but wrongly explained]. 1685
Goap Celest. Bodies 1. v. 14 He the Sun} imprinteth his
Face on the Roscid Cloud, and decircinates the Iris with
his Pencil. /dfd. 1, xiii. 337 If the ) decircinates the
Circle. 1721 Baiwey, Decircinate, to bring into a compass or
roundness : todraw a Circle with a pair of Compasses.
Hence + Decircina‘tion.
1731 in Batwey vol. II.
96
i Deci-ee, . Obs, [f. L. décis-, ppl. stem of
décidére to Decwwe: cf. excise, incise.
= DEcIDE
v.. Hence Deci-sed, Peol'sing Ht adjs.
Bate Brefe Comedy in Harl. Misc.
ver men to despyse As the lawes of to hys
pone doth decyse. 1551 Recorpe Pathw. Know/. u. Pref.,
n decising some y of religi 1570 Levins
Manif. 148/11 To decise, decidere, discutere, 1641 R.
Bawire Lett. & Fruis. (1841) 1. To make that short,
decised and nervous answer. 1662 J. Davies tr. Olearius’
Voy. Ambass. 325 A Judge finds not so much difficulty in
decising the differences of a Province, as [etc.
Deciser : see Decisor.
Decision (disi‘zen). Also 5 decysion, 6 -syon,
decisioun, desision. [a. F. décision (14th c. in
Hatzf.), ad. L. décision-em cutting down, decision,
n. of action from décid-ére to DECIDE.]
1. The action of deciding (a contest, contro-
versy, question, etc.) ; settlement, determination.
(Malh.) I. 210 | decisively
m Cal
British Weekly 8 June 105/5 Poe is i
Dele a. [-nEss.] The
quality of being ve ; conclusiveness ; resolute-
ness, decision.
1727 in Baiey vol. Il. 1797 Hist. in Ann. Reg. 45/2 They
| knew the decisiveness of his temper. Cartyte #7. Rev.
3 Aa
| a, 1. vi, The Mutineers
1490 Caxton Eneydos vi, 23 He hath not rendred the ©
reason or made ony decysion. 1538 Starkey England u.
ii. 192 Thys causyth sutys to be long in decysyon. 1651
Hosses Leviath. u. xviii. gt The decision of Controversies.
1769 Funius Lett. i. 9 In the decisien of private causes.
1833 Hr. Martineau Manch. Strike vii. 73 For the decision
of questions daily arising.
b. (with a. and /.) The final and definite result
of examining a question ; a conclusion, judgement :
esp. one formally pronounced in a court of law.
152 App. Hamicton Catech. (1884) 5 The decisiouns and
determinatiouns of general counsallis. 161 Biste 7raus/.
Pref. 11 Then his word were an Oracle, his opinion a deci-
sion. 1651 Hospes Leviath, ut. xlii. 311 To compell men to
obey his Decisions. 1827 Jarman Powell's Devises (ed. 3)
II. 95, I have not been able to discover more than one dictum
and one decision in favour of the distinction. 1883 Froupe
Short Stud. WV... iii. 35 Vhe decisions of the clergy were
more satisfactory to themselves than to the laity.
2. The making up of one’s mind on any point or
on a course of action ; a resolution, determination.
1886 St. Georce Stock tr. Aristotle's Ethics m. i. 43 It
is hard at times to decide what sort of thing one should
choose..and still harder to abide by one’s decisions. ox.
Let me know your decision. Decision for Christ.
3. As a quality: Determination, firmness, de-
cidedness of character.
1781 Burke Corr. (1844) I]. 438 We want courage and
decision of mind. 1805 Foster Fs. ii. (title), Decision of
Character. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits Wks. (Bohn) II. 30
On the English face are combined decision and nerve.
+ 4. Cutting off, separation. Oés.
1584 R. Scor Discov. Witcher. 1. ii. 59 Without decision
of seed. 1602 Warner Alb. Eng. x. vi. (1612) 246 bea
decision of the Lymme whence all the bayne dia joe.
1603 Hottanp Plutarch's Mor. 827 (R.) From rocks and
stones along the sea. .there be decisions pass of some parcels
and smal fragments. 1 Pearson Creed 1, 221 Human
generation. .is performed by derivation or decision of part of
the substance of the Parent.
Deci‘sional, 2. vare. [f. prec.+-aL.] Of, or
of the nature of, a decision.
1883 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 503/2 These opinions of the
minority can have no decisional effect.
Decisive (d/saisiv), a. (st.) [ad. med.L. déci-
siv-us, {. décis-, ppl. stem of décidére: see -IVE.
Cf. F. décistf, -tve (1413 in Godef. Supf/.).J
1. Having the quality of deciding or determining
(a question, contest, etc.); conclusive, determi-
native.
1611 Cotcr., Decisif, decisiue, deciding, deter fit or
able to end a controuersie, 1647 CrasHaw Poems 147
That sure decisive dart. 1794 SULLIVAN View Nat. 1. 255
Notions .. unsupported by decisive experiments.
Turtwatt Greece L. vii. 260 Tisamenus was slain in the
decisive battle. 1892 L. W. Cave in Law Times Rep.
ee 199/2 The case .. is really decisive of the point
raised,
2. Characterized by decision; unhesitating, reso-
lute, determined ; = DEcrIDED 2.
1736 Butter Anal. u. vii. 355 To determine at once with
ecisive air. 1858 Max Mizess Chips (1880) IIL. iii. 68
The age..was not an age of decisive thought or decisive
action. 186x Dickens Gt. Expect. v.20 The serjeant, a de-
cisive man, ordered that the sound should not be answered.
3. That is beyond question or doubt, that cannot
be mistaken ; hence often = DxcIDED 1.
1794 S. Witiams Vermont 160 Operate with a decisive in-
fluence to give them new force. 1835 I. Tavtor Spir. Despot.
ii. 38 A decisive leaning toward what is most simple and
intelligible. 1880 L. Sternen Pofe iii. 71 The sustained
vivacity and emphasis of the ~ give it [Pope's Iliad) a
decisive superiority over its rivals,
| ellipt. as sb.
a 1734 Nortu Exam. 1. ii, § 64 (740) 63 The Roman
Catholic Peers were so many, as nearly if not wholly made
a Decisive, for they went altogether as one Man.
Decisively (désoi'sivli), adv. [-1y2.] Ina
decisive manner.
1. Conclusively ; so as to decide the question.
1651 Baxter /n/. Baft. 121 The Authority of in
matters of Faith is. declarative, and not decisively judicial,
1756 Watsonin Phil. Trans, XLIX. eS —
cleared
ly, and
1870 Anperson Missions Amer.
I. J with a de-
cisiveness, which to Bo seems insolence. Froupe
Hist. Eng. ee bi vi. 23 The King, with swift decisive-
e
+Deci‘sor, -er. Oés. [a. med.L. déisor,
agent-n. from décidére to decide.] One who de-
cides causes or controversies; a decider, arbiter.
1563 Foxe A. § M. 68b, Thys King (Hen. II], to whom
other Princes dyd so resort, as to their arbitrer and deciser.
1564 Hawarp Exutropius 1. g Two whome they called Tribuni
plebis .. to be peculier decisers determiners of their
| causes. 1888 B. Pick in Libr. Mag. Mar, 245 They were
Decne” ¢ Oaietaaea?
ine
digging. —
a disposed
called Saboraim, ‘ 4 .
+Deci‘sory, 2. Obs. rare-°. [ad. med.L.
décisori-us, f. decisor : see prec. and -ory. In F,
décisoire (14th c. in Godef. Supt) Decisive.
1611 Cotcr., Decisoire, decisorie, deciding; fit, vsed, or
able, to decide controuersies. 1755 in Jounson.
Decistere : see Drct-.
Decitizenize: see Dr- II. 1.
Decivilize (dési-viloiz), v. [De- I. 1: in
mod.F. déciviliser (Littré).] To divest of civil-
ization, to degrade from a civilized condition.
Hence Deci'vilized f/. a., Deci-vilizing v0/. sb.
and ff/. a.; Decivilization, the process or con-
dition of losing civilization.
a1859 De Quincey has decivilized (F. Hall). 1876 H.
Spencer Princ. Sociol. § 71 We have but to imagine our-
selves de-civilized. — Sat. Rev. 27 Aug. 246/1 He was
barbarized, de-civilized, and enslaved. 1889 Ch. Times
15 Feb. 159/1 The decivilising effect of the wars. 1878 NV.
Amer. Rev. CX XVII. 447 General. harm, and deciviliza-
tion, of the people. E. W. Benson in Law Times
LXXVIII. 338/1 If it might stem by even its own ruin
the process of decivilisation.
Deck (dek), sé. Also 5 dekke, 6-7 decke.
[In sense 1, app. of Flemish or LG. origin.
Insense 1, prob. a. MDu. dec (neuter) roof, covering, cloak,
pretext (app. from decke :—OTeut. Jakjo™, from same root
as Deck v.): cf. Kilian ‘decke operimentum, lodix=decksel
operimentum, opertorium, tegumen, tegumentum, tegmen,
stragulum’; also mod.Du. de& bed-covering, horse-cloth.
But in the nautical sense, 2, the word is not known in Du.
before 1675-81, when de (neuter) appears as a synonym of
verdek, quoted in the nautical sense in 1640, but recorded
by Kilian, 1599, only in the general sense ‘tegumen, vela-
men’. Thus, deck in the nautical sense, appears to be known
in Eng. 160 years earlier than in Dutch. It may be simply
a specific application of the general sense ‘covering ", or it
may come more immediately from the M Du. sense ‘ roof.’]
i. +1. A covering. Ods.
In quot. 1466 app. some material used for covering ; with
1712 pres _ yo " 348 M " Joh
ann, «fp. mastyr paid to n
By sabe for ne poe a of ke for the spynas, iijs.
Barcray Shyp of Folys (1874) 1. 38 Daan yer Decke, Slut,
+. mean r Copyntanke. 1712 Z Gon Ris qnen’e
a Soothe Wes ea Oe ee
"d with blue.
. Naut. A platform extending from side to side
of a ship or part of a ship, covering in the space
below, and also itself serving as a floor; formed of
planks, or (in iron ships) of iron plating usually
covered with planks. i
The pri notion was ‘ ing’ or ‘ * rather than
“heen”: wen ian 15 eal sea cf. 1466 in sense 1,
where the ‘ dekke for t spynas’ 0s pinuam, mew nny been
a covering of canv: in, or the like. In ezrly craft
there was a deck oaly at the stern, so that 16th c. writers
sometimes use deck as equi to poop. In Elyot (1538),
whence in Cooper, Huloet, and Baret, deck is erroneously
mais nc ey ates af, cal
1513 Ecuyncnam to oo. (MS. Cott. Calig. D.
vi. If. x10), And bycause I no Rayles upon my dek
I coyled a cable rounde a [boute the] dek brest hye and
lik = a waste. 1538 c. ages Inv. Res Bark
Cott. xxviii), In primis, the shype with oon over-
i Ieee, oeay anata & a.clocs ber deck made from
the mast forward whyche was made of laet. Item aboue the
somer castell A deck from the mayne mast aftward. 1550
Nicotts Thueyd. (tr. Seyssel’s Fr. version of Valla’s Lat,)
1 Fas gg eo former e, and the mooste
theird (Fr, la plus part du couvert de leurs na'
copper [F. enir,
off the rudde! et : at nale oF pn dow: oa The of
the rudder. id. i e
this galley. .chi sive wroughte marvellous fayre with
diuers colours pee hystories. .ingraued and wrought in \
59 It is very evil for to
ler the port. 1610 SHAKS.
the Beake, Now ae ane, e me
ml.
danger of their shot..we vntyed
Deck. Dasavas
1o whereof are
out of
haar coeared
a deck and a sail. f 4
125 The captain walked the deck at a rapid stride.
DECK.
b. With qualifying words.
The largest ships of the line had main-deck, middle and
dower deck; also the upper or spar-deck, extending from
stem to stern over the main-deck, and the orlof deck (which
carried no guns) below the lower deck; they had also a
poop-deck, or short deck in the after part of the ship above
the spar-deck, and sometimes a forecastle deck, or similar
short deck in the fore-part of the ship, sometimes retained
in merchant ships and called the /op-gal/lant forecastle. See
also HALF-DECK, HurRRICANE-DECK, QUARTER-DECK, etc.
1598 Fiorio Dict, To Reader 9g, I was but one to sit at
sterne, to pricke my carde, to watch vpon the vpper decke.
c 1620 Z. Boyp Zion's Flowers (1855) 12, I see a man
that’s in the lower deck. 1627 Cart. Smitu Seaman's
Gram. ii.6 A Flush Decke is when from stem to sterne,
it lies upon a right line fore and aft. 1637 Heywoop
Royal Ship 45 She hath three flush Deckes, and a Fore-
Castle, an halfe Decke, a quarter Decke, and a round-house.
@ 1642 Sir W. Monson Naval Tracts m1. 346/1 They make
close the Forecastle and Half-Deck. 1836 Marryat Midsh,
Easy xii, Easthupp would constantly accost him familiarly
on the forecastle and lower deck. /did. xiii, He then pro-
ceeded to the quarter-deck. did. xxvi, To comply with the
captain’s orders on the main deck.
ec. In phrases, as above deck (also fig.), BETWEEN-
DECKS, on deck, under deck(s; to clear, sweep the
decks (see CLEAR v., SWEEP v.).
On deck fig. (U.S.): at hand; ready for action; in Base-
bail, next at the bat, with the right or privilege of batting
next.
1598 Suaxs. Merry W, 11. i. 94 F. Ile be sure to keepe him
aboue decke. P. So will I: if hee come vnder my hatches,
Ile neuer to Sea againe. 1647 CLARENDON /7isé. Red. vi.
(1843) 297/2 Committed to prison on board the ships ..
where they were kept under decks. 1659 D. Pett Jipr. of
Sea 4x9 Mow hang the lighted Lanthorns betwixt decks and
in the Hold. a@1679 GurnaLt in Spurgeon 7¥eas. Dav. Ps.
Ixy. 3 Poor Christian, who thinkest that thou shalt never get
above deck. 1720 De For Caft. Singleton xi. (1840) 194
The rest ran..down between decks. 1857 R. Tomes Amer.
in Japan iv. 110 [He] left the banquet to be discussed by
his officers and men, who. .soon cleared the decks.
3. Mining. (See quot.)
1888 GREENWELL Coal-trade Terms Northumb. & Durh.
(ed. 3) 31 Deck, the platform of a cage upon which the tubs
and when being drawn up or lowered down the pit.
4. In U.S. ‘A passenger-car roof, particularly
the clear-story roof’ (Standard Dict.).
II. 5. ‘A pack of cards piled regularly on each
other’ (J.); also the portion of the pack left, in
some games, after the hands have been dealt.
Since 17th c. dal, and in U.S.
1593 SHaxs. 3 Hen. VJ, v.i. 44 But whiles he thought to
steale the single Ten, The King was slyly finger’d from the
Deck. 1594 ?GREENE Sedimus Wks. 1881-3 XIV. 251 If I
chance but once to get the decke, To deale about and shuffle
as I would. x BarnFIELp Sheph. Cont. viii, Pride deales
the Deck whilst Chance doth choose the Card. 1609 ARMIN
Two Maids Moreclacke (N.), ’\ deal the cards, and cut you
from the deck. 16.. Grew (J.), The Selenites, of parallel
plates, as ina deck of cards. 1777 Branp Pop. Antig. (1849)
II. 449 In some parts of the North of England a pack of
cards is called to this day .. a deck of cards. 1860in Bart-
Lett Dict. Amer. 1882 Bret Harte Gentl. La Porte in
Filip, etc. 135, I reckon the other fifty-one of the deck ez as
pooty. 1884 Chesh, Gloss., Deck o’ cards, a pack of cards.
1885 Century Mag. XXI1X. 548/1 An old ratty deck of cards,
+6. A pile of things laid flat upon each other.
1625 F. Marxuam Bk. Hon. u. vi. § 5 Any whose Pedigree
lyes so deepe in the decke, that few or none will labour to
find it. 1631 Celestina xix. 185 Subtill words, whereof such
as shee are never to seeke, but have them still ready in the
deck, 1634 SANDERSON Sevmz. II. 287 So long as these things
should hang upon the file, or lie in the deck, he might per-
haps be safe. *673 Marve. Reh. Transp. I. 394 A certain
Declaration .. which you have kept in deck until this
season.
+ '7. Of a cannon: see quot. Ods.
1672 W. T. Compleat Gunner 1. iv. 5 The Pumel or Button
at her Coyl or Britch-end is called the Casacabel or Deck.
IIT. attrzb.and Comb. (from sense 2), as deck-chair,
-cleat, -flat, -officer, -passenger, -plank, -pump, -seat,
-stool, -swabber, -transom, -watch; also, deck-
beam, one of the strong transverse beams sup-
porting the deck of a ship; deck-bridge, (a) a
narrow platform above and across the deck of
a steamer amidships; =BripGE sé. 5; (0) a bridge
in which the roadway is laid on the top of the truss
(opp. to a through bridge); deck-cargo = deck-
load; deck-collar (U.S.), the iron collar or ring
through which the stove-pipe passes in the roof of
a railway carriage; cf. deck-plate ; deck-flats (see
Fuat sd.) ; deck-hand, a ‘hand’ or workman
employed on the deck of a vessel; deck-head,
a name for the slipper limpet (Crepidula); deck-
hook, ‘the compass timber bolted horizontally
athwart a ship’s bow, connecting the stem, timber,
and deck-planks of the fore-part ; it is part and
parcel of the breast-hooks’ (Smyth Sailor's Word-
6k.) ; deck-house, a ‘ house’ or room erected on
the deck of a ship; deck-light, a thick glass let
into a deck to light a cabin below; deck-load sé.,
hence deck-load v., to load with a cargo upon
the deck; also fig.; deck-nail, ‘a kind of spike
with a snug head, commonly made in a diamond
form’ (Smyth) ; deck-pipe, ‘ an iron pipe through
which the chain cable is paid into the chain-
locker’ (Smyth) ; deck-plate (see quot.); deck-
Vou. III.
97
sheet, ‘that sheet of a studding-sail which leads
directly to the deck, by which it is steadied
until set’ (Smyth); deck-stopper, ‘a strong
stopper used for securing the cable forward of the
capstan or windlass while it is overhauled; also
abaft the windlass or bitts to prevent more cable
from running out’ (Smyth); deck-tackle, a tackle
led along the deck, for hauling in cable, etc.
1858 Simmonps Dict. Trade,* Deck-beams. 1876 Davis Pol.
Exp. i. 29 New deck-beams of increased size were put in.
1861 Chambers’ Encycl, s.v. Cargo,'The term *deck-cargo
is given to the commodities on the deck of a ship, which are
not usually included in the policy of insurance. 1886 J. H.
M:Cartuy Doon g The group comfortably arranged on
*deck-chairs. 1867 Smytu Sazlor’s Word-bk., * Deck-cleats,
pieces of wood temporarily nailed to the deck to secure
objects in bad weather. 1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. 1V. 60/t
Wood ships with wood beams have their *deck-flats formed
by planking laid upon and fastened to the beams. 1885
Gen. Grant Pers. Mem. xxi. 1. 288 From captain down to
*deck-hand. 1881 Scribner's Mag. XXII. 656/1 Beds of
jingles or amber-shells .. *deck-heads .. limpets, and other
rock-loving mollusks. ¢1850 Rudim. Navig.(Weale) ror
‘The breast-hooks that receive the ends of the deck-planks
are also called *Deck-Hooks. 1856 Kane Avct. Expl. I. x.
106 Ohlsen and Petersen building our *deck-house. 1882
Daily News 24 May 1/1 Good accommodation is .. pro-
vided for second-class passengers in a commodious *deck-
house. 1840 Loncrettow in Life (1891) 1. 357 Horrible
negligence,—a *deck-load of cotton! 1867 SMytH Saz/or’s
Word-bk., Deck-load, timber, casks, or other cargo not liable
to damage from wet, stowed on the deck of merchant vessels.
1884 GLaDsTONE in Standard 29 Feb. 2/7 Weare determined
+. not to *deck-load our Franchise Bill. 1703 T. N. City
& C. Purchaser 126, 211 *Deck-nails..are proper for fastning
of Decks in Ships. 1859 Axtobiog. Beggar Boy 114 Among
the *deck passengers there was a man and his wife with
seven children. c1860 H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 55 The
hawse boxes, or *deck pipe. 1884 Sir E. J. REED in Con-
temp. Rev. Nov. 620 The steel decks .. being .. covered
with *deck-plank of teak or of pine. 1874 Knicut Dict.
Mech., * Deck-flate, a plate around the chimney of a marine-
engine furnace to keep the same from contact with the
wood of the deck. c1860 H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 56
A ‘double wall’ or *deck stopper-knot. 1883 F. M. Craw-
ForD Dr. Claudius ix, In ten minutes, the parade of *deck-
swabbers had passed. | 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., *Deck-
transom, a horizontal timber under a ship’s counter. 1856
Kane Arct. Expl. I, xvii. 201 One of our *deck-watch, who
had been cutting ice for the melter.
Deck (dek),v. Also 5-7 decke, 6 dek, dekke.
[Not known before 16th c.: app. then of recent
adoption from Flem. or Low Ger.; cf. Du. dehh-
en, MDu. deken, decken to cover. The latter
is =MLG., MHG. dechen, OHG. dachjan, decchan
:-OTeut. sakjan (whence ON. fekja, OFris.
thekka, OE, peccan to cover, roof over) a derivative
verb from an ablaut-stem Jek-, Jak-, Indog. ¢eg- to
cover, whence ON. Jak, OHG. dah, Ger. dach
covering, roof, OE. ec, Tuatcu. In branch II
a derivative of DECK sd. : cf. to roof, floor, etc.]
I. +1. trans. To cover; esp. to cover with
garments, clothe. Ods.
1513 Douctas £xeis x. xiii. 106 Ene, That. .hys sovir targe
erekkit, And thar yndre hym haldis closly dekkyt. /did. x1.v.
g2 Queyn Amatha .. Dekkis and defendis hym with wordis
sle. 1515 BarcLay Egloges iv. (1570) C iij/t This lusty Codrus
was cloked for the rayne And doble decked with huddes one
ortwayne, 1526 SKELTON Magnyf. 759 Decke your hofte.
1535 CoveRDALE Haggai i. 6 Ye decke [61x clothe] youre
selues, but ye are not warme. 1594 Carew Tasso (1881) 91
No place is vnder sky so closely deckt, Which gold not opes.
1600 SurFLET Countrie Farme ui. xviii. 461 Take away the
barke..and after inuest and decke vp therewith some shoote
that is of the like thickenes with the graft.
2. To clothe in rich or ornamental garments; to
cover with what beautifies; to array, attire, adorn.
1514 Barctay Cyt. §& Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) Ixvii, Then
is he decked as poet laureate. 1535 CoveRDALE 2 Kings ix.
30 She coloured hir face, and decked hir heade. — Ps. ciii.
2 Thou deckest thyself with light as it were with a garment.
1602 SHaks. Hawt. v. i, 268, I thought thy Bride-bed to haue
deckt (sweet Maid), And not t’ haue strew’d thy Graue.
1628 Prynne Love-lockes 35 Much lesse, may we Curle, Die,
or ouer-curiously decke our Haire. 1633 G. Hersert
Temple, Fordan i, Curling with metaphors a plain inten-
tion, Decking the sense. 1808 Scorr Marm. 1, xxvii, The
scallop shell his cap did deck. 1821 Care Vill. Minstr. II.
63 Daisies deck the green. 1885 Manch. Exam. g July
4/7 The shipping ..was profusely decked with flags.
b. with ou, +up.
1587 Harrison England u1. vii. (1877) 1. 169 In decking up
of the body. 1640 Sir R. Baker in Spurgeon Treas. Dav.
Ps, cxvi. 11-15 To serve for a jewel in the decking up of
God’s cabinet. 1745 De Foe’s Eng. Tradesman v. (1841) I.
4 Decked out with long wigs and swords. 1882 B. D. W.
amsay Recoll, Mil. Serv. 11. xv. 64 Every vessel being
gaily decked out with flags.
+3. To array, fit out, equip. Ods.
215.. Agincourt 90 in Hazl. Z. P. P. Il. 97 The wastes
decked with serpentynes stronge, Saynt Georges stremers
sprede ouer hede. 1548 Hatt Chron, an. 25 Hen, VIII
(1809) 798 The kyng .. decked and vitailed dyuers shippes
of warre and sent them to the North seas to defende his
subiectes.
II. 4. Maut. To cover as with a deck; to
furnish with a deck; zo deck in, over, to cover in
with the deck, in ship-building.
1624 Cart. Smitu Virginia v. 175 At last it was concluded,
to decke their long boat with their ship hatches. -1700
S. L. tr. Fryke’s Voy. 6 Flat Boats..tho’ small, yet so close
Deck’t, that in a rough Sea they will go quite under the
DECKLE.
waves and retain no water. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. (1776)
VI. 256 The five-men-boat is decked at each end, but open
in the middle. 1874 J. Deapy in Law Times Rep. XXXI.
231/2 The vessel .. was .. decked over, fore and aft. 1893
R. Kietinc Many Invent. 121 Your ship has been built and
designed, closed and decked in.
5. Mining. To load or unload (the tubs upon
the cage). (See DECK sd. 3.) Chiefly U.S.
1883 GresLey Gloss. Coal-mining 76 roneaeies 2 the opera-
tion of changing the tubs on a cage at top and bottom of a
shaft.
+ De'ckage. Ods. rare. [f. Deck v. + -acE.]
Adornment, embellishment.
1642 LicHtFoor Odserzv. Genesis i. Wks. 1822 II. 333 The
Earth..had not received as yet its perfection, beauty and
deckage.
Decked (dekt), Af/. a. [f. Deck + -Ep.]
1. Adorned, embellished, set out : sce the verb.
2ax1500 Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) I. 4 See that you fourth
bringe In well decked order, that worthie storie Of Balaam
and his asse. 1593 Q. Exiz. Boeth. 16 The decked wode
seak not whan thou violetz gather. 1865 J. G. Berrram
Harvest of Sea (1873) 307 The well-decked and well-plenished
dwellings. ;
b. Her. Applied to an eagle or other bird when
the edges of the feathers are of a different tincture.
In mod. Dicts. :
2. Having a deck, or decks (as in ¢zvo-decked).
1gg2z A. Younc Trav. France 78 By the passage-packet,
a decked vessel, to Honfleur. 1837 Marryar Dog-frend iii,
On board of a two-decked ship. 1879 Burcuer & Lanc
Odyssey 28 Such tackling as decked ships carry.
Decker ! (de‘ko1). [f. Duck v.+-ER1.] One
who decks or adorns.
1555 WaTREMAN Fardle Facions 11. viii. 167 The Yndians
are ..greate deckers and trimmers of them selues. 1591
Percivatt Sp. Dict., Afeytador, a barber, a trimmer, a
decker. 1803 Pic Nic No. 2 (1806) I. 53, 1 am but a sort of
table-decker.
Decker 2 (deez). [f. Deck sd. +-rr} 1.]
1. A vessel having (a specified number of) decks,
as in ¢wo-decker, three-decker, etc., q.v. b. transf.
Applied to a kind of oven: see quot. 1884.
1795 Hull Advertiser 25 July 2/4 Admiral Hotham’s large
ships, that is, the three deckers. 1805 in Naval Chron. XV.
204 The Santissima Trinidada, the Spanish four-decker.
1884 Health Exhib. Catal. 120/2 Mason's Patent Hot-Air
Continuous Baking Two Decker Oven. 1884 Pall Mall
Gaz.‘ Extra’ 24 July 3/2 Patent continuous-baking ‘ decker’
ovens—i.e., ovens piled upon each other, which are heated
by one furnace. ;
2. A gun belonging to a particular deck of a ship
of war; as in Jower-decker, a gun belonging to the
lower deck.
1781 ARcHER in Naval Chron. XI. 287 Double breech’d
the lower deckers. 1809 /dcd, X XII. 344 Having only four-
teen of her main-deckers mounted.
3. a. A workman employed on the deck of a
ship. b. A deck-passenger. co//og.
1800 CotquHoun Com. Thames iv. 180 The Deckers, or
persons who hoist up the Cargo upon deck. 1866 Zhe
Colonist (Belize) 5 May 2/1 Passengers arrived. In the Packet
—Mr. and Mrs. D. .. and 79 deckers.
Decking (de‘kin), v6/. sd. [f. Deck v. and sd.
+-InG 1,
1. The action of the verb Deck; + concr. that
with which something is decked (0/s.) ; adornment,
embellishment, ornament.
1531 Eryot Gov. u. iii, Semblable deckynge oughte to be
in the house of a nobleman or man of honour. 1562 J. SHUTE
Cambine’s Turk, Wars 38 Somtuouse and magnifique orna-
mentes and deckings. c16z0 Z. Boyp Zion's H lowers (1855)
157 Spending on decking many precious houres. 1673 Lay's
Cadl.1.§ 1 P 26. 10 Their most exquisit deckings are but like
the garlands on a beast design’d for sacrifice. .
2. The work or material of the deck of a ship ;
planking or flooring forming a deck.
1580 Ho.tyBanp 77eas. Fr. Tong., Le tillac d'une navire,
the decking of a ship. 1879 BurcHer & Lanc Odyssey 81
Fashion a wide raft..and lay deckings high thereupon.
1887 Daily News 26 June 6/2 The building is considered
to be absolutely fireproof, the floors being all of steel ‘ deck-
ing’ and solid breeze concrete.
Deckle (dek’l). Also deckel. [a. Ger. deckel
in same sense, prop. ‘ little cover, lid, tympan’, and
in other technical applications, dim. of decke cover.]
1. A contrivance in a paper-making machine to
confine the pulp within the desired limits, and de-
termine the size or width of the sheet : a. in hand
paper-making, a thin rectangular frame of wood
fitting close upon the mould on which the pulp is
placed ; b. in a paper-machine, a continuous band
or strap on either side of the apron. Hence used as
a measure of the width of paper, as ‘ 50-inch deckle
paper,’ and short for deckle-edge.
1810 [see Deckle-strap in 2]. 1816 Specifi. Cameron’s
Patent No. 4002. 2 The deckle being attached to the carriage,
falls on the bottom of the mould. 1858 Smmmonps D7c?.
Trade, Deckle .. also the rough or raw edge of paper. 1888
N. & Q. 7th Ser. V. 227 It seems as if the deckle, fitting
on the mould, should produce a sheet of paper with a smooth
and even edge.
2. Comb, deckle edge, the rough uncut edge of
a sheet of paper, formed by the deckle ; also attrib.
=next ; deckle-edged a., having a rough uncut
edge, as hand-made paper; deckle-strap, see I b.
1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. s.v., The uncut edge of paper is
known as the *deckel edge. 1884 sealing 35 1176/2
3
DECKLESS.
The deckle are left at the side and bottom, the top
edge alone being cut. ‘immo's Catal. , One
Hundred Copies on fine deck!
be 18 sg 18:
€ FO} vo paper. 1810
Trans. Soc. Encourag. Arts X VIIL. 193 the *deckle-
straps .. are made fectly smooth and true. Ure
Dict. Arts U1. 490 We have to notice the deckle or boundary
straps..which regulate the width of the paper. :
Deckless (deklés), a. rare. [-LESS.] With-
out a deck.
Be Bentuam Not Paul aig bg 328 In a deckless
vessel. 1890 Harper's Mag. Mar. 558/1 Deckless and
cabinless.
Declaim (d‘klz''m), v. Also 5-7 -clame, 7
-claime, -clayme. [Formerly declame, ad. L. dé-
clamare, {. De- I. 3 + clamare to cry: subseq.
assimilated to claim. Cf. F. déclamer (1549 in
Hatzf.).]
I. intr. .
1. To speak aloud with studied rhetorical force
and expression; to make a speech on a set subject
or theme as an exercise in B iyccpes oratory or dis-
putation. b. To recite with elocutionary or rhe-
torical effect (chiefly U.S.).
1552 Hutoet, Declame or exercise fayned argument in
leadynge, vsed among lawers called mooting. 1. HA
Witson Rhet. 83 When you and I declamed together last.
1641 Evetyn Mem. (1857) I. 11, I offered at my first
exercise in the Hall, and answered my amore : and upon
the 11% following, declaimed in the pel before the
Master, Fellows and Scholars, according to the custom.
1748 J. Mason Elocut. 11 A Weakness of Voice; which he
cured by frequently dectnimaing, on the Sea-Shore, amidst
the Noise of the Waves. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, First
Visit Wks. (Bohn) II. 10 Wordsworth, standing apart, and
reciting to me..like a schoolboy declaiming. :
2. To declaim against; to speak in an impas-
sioned oratorical manner in reprobation or con-
demnation of; to inveigh against.
1611 B. Jonson Catiline tv. ii, What are his mischiefs,
consul? You declaim Against his manners, and corrupt
your own, 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 1. vi. 21 Thus
is it the humour of many heads to extoll the dayes of their
forefathers, and declaime against the wickednesse of times
present. 1855 Prescott Philip //, I. 11. ix. 239 They loudly
declaimed against the King’s insincerity. 1880 L. STEPHEN
Pope viii. 196 A generous patriot declaiming against the
growth of luxury.
3. To speak aloud in an impassioned oratorical
manner, with appeals to the emotions rather than
the reason of the audience; to harangue.
1735 BerxeLey Def Free-thinking Math. § 33 Instead of
giving a reason you declaim. 1759 Sterne 77. Shandy I.
xl, Let him declaim as pompously as he chooses upon the
subject. 1833 Ht. Martineau Brooke Farm ii. 27 Tom
Webster hustled and declaimed, while Sergeant Rayne
quietly argued. 1884 R. GLover in Christian World g Oct.
766/3 To declaim is more easy than to convince.
b. quasi-trans. with extension.
1755 Monitor 16 Aug. P 2 Some late patriots .. declaimed
themselves into power.
II. trans.
+4. To discuss aloud ; to debate. Obs. rare—'.
(The early date of the quotation, so long before the verb is
otherwise known in Eng. or French, as well as the sense, is
notable.)
Cuaucer Troylus 1. 1198 As pey declamede [4 WSS.
1410-25; Harl. 3943 declarid] pis matere, Lo Troylus ..
Come rydende.
5. To speak or utter aloud with studied rhetorical
expression ; to repeat or recite rhetorically.
1577 B. Goocr Heresbach'’s Hush. 1. (1586) 49 Weriyng
you with the declaimyng of my poore skill in the tilling of
the feelde. @1716 Soutn Serxm. VIII. 82 (T.) Whoever
strives to beget, or foment in his heart, such [mali t]
persuasions concerning God, makes himself the levil’s
orator, and declaims his cause. 1818 Scotr Hrt. Midi. i,
He then declaimed the following passage rather with too
much than too little emphasis. 1885 R. L. StEvENSoN
in Contemp. Rev. 555 In declaiming a so-called iambic
= it may so happen that we never utter one iambic
foot.
+6. =Declaim against; to decry, denounce. Ods.
1614 T. Avams Devil's Banguet 42 This Banket then .. is
at once declared and declaimed, spoken of and forbidden.
1623 Cocxeram, Declaime, to pore te ill of.
ence Declai‘ming vd/. sb, and pf/. a.
1577[see 5]. 1603 Hottanp Plutarch's Mor. 931 He used
otherwhiles to downe to the water side..for to exercise
himselfe in di ing. 1656 Artif. Handsom. 95 Humane
fallacies and declaymings. 1701 Rowe Amb, Step-Moth.
1v. i, 1684 Yield much matter to declaiming flatterers. 1735
Berxetey Def. Free-thinking Math. § 11 In the same
nanner as any decl bigot would defend transubstan-
tiation.
Declai‘mant. vave—'. [f. prec. + -an7, after
claimant, etc.] = DECLAIMER.
41763 Suenstone Ess. 28 The company was a little sur-
prised at the sophistry of our declaimant.
Declaimer (d/klé'-maz). [f. Drcnam +-ER1.]
One who declaims; one who speaks with rhetor-
ical expression, or as an exercise in elocution ;
one who harangues, or speaks with impassioned
force.
1432-50 tr. Higden (Rolls) IV. 401 Iulius Gallo, a noble
declamer. 1580 Hottypanp 7veas. Fr. Tong, Declamateur,
a Declaimer, a mooter. 1640 G. Watts tr. Bacon's Adv.
Learn. w. ii. (R.), A certaine declaimor against sciences.
1712 STEELE Spect. No. 521 #4 The Declaimers in Coffee-
hou: a7 J H Rambler No. 202 ? 2 The pompous
periods decl » whose is only to amuse
er
98
with fallacies. 1848 Mitt Pol. Econ. 1. iii. § 2 Such.. is
the labour of the musical performer, the actor, the public
declaimer or reciter.
Declamation (deklimé'-fan). [ad. L. dé/a-
mation-em, n. of action from déc/amare to DECLAIM,
or ad. F. déclamation (15th c. in Hatzf.).]
1. The action or art of declaiming ; the ting
or uttering of a speech, etc. with studied intona-
tion and gesture.
1552 Hutoet, Declamation often heard, and tedious to
the hearers, crambe repetita. 1597 Mortey /ntrod. Mus.
86 Your plainsong is as it were your theme, and your descant
as it were your declamation. 1776 Gipson Dec. & F. 1. xxiv.
680 He ps licly professed the arts of rhetoric and declama-
tion. 1834 Macautay Pitt Ess. (1854) I. 294 That which gave
most effect to his declamation was the air of sincerity, of
vehement feeling, or moral elevation, which belonged to all
that he said.
attrib. 1806 Byron Thoughts College Exam. 25 The
declamation prize. E ;
b. Music. The proper rhetorical rendering of
words set to music.
1876 in Starner & Barrett.
2. A public speech or address of rhetorical
character; a set speech in rhetorical elocution.
1523 SKELTON Gari. Laurel (R.), Olde Quintillian with his
declamations; Theocritus with his Bucolicall relacions.
1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 11 Theams more fit
for schollars declamations. 1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor.
55 The Orations and declamations .. of these Sophisters,
who make shew of their eloquence. 1782 J. Warton Ess.
Pope IL. xiii. 381 Able to compose Essays, Declamations,
and Verses, in Greek, in Latin,and in English. 1830 Drury
in Moore Life Byron (1866) 20/1 He suddenly diverged from
the written composition .. I questioned him, why he had
altered his declamation ? :
3. Declaiming or speaking in an impassioned
oratorical manner; fervid denunciation with appeals
to the audience.
1614 T. Apams Devil's Banquet 42 The more accurately
the Scriptures describe sinnes, the more absolutely the
forbid them: where wickednesse is the subject, all sj at
is declamation. 1750 Jounson Rambler No. 172? 3(Not so
universal] as some have asserted in the .. heat of declama-
tion. 1789 BentHam Princ. Legisl. i. § 1 But enough of
metaphor and declamation. @1794 Gipson Autobiog. go, I
was conscious myself that my style, above prose pees fer
poetry, degenerated into a verbose and turgid declamation.
is; Moca Compromise (1886) 53 Exacerbated declama-
tion in favor of ancient dogma against modern science.
4. A speech of a rhetorical kind expressing strong
feeling and addressed to the passions of the hearers ;
a declamatory speech, a harangue.
1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. ut. viii. (1611) > The cause why
such declamations preuaill so greatly, is, for that men suffer
themselues to be deluded. 1631 WeEver Anc. Fun. Mon.
23 But this was but one of Czsars rodamantadoes, or
thundring declamations. 1688 Penton Guardians Instr. 47
The constant Declamations against us of those intruding
members. @171§ Burnet Own Time (1766) II. 216 It was
only an insolent declamation .. full of fury and indecent
invectives. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, First Visit Wks.
(Bohn) II. 4 On this, he [Coleridge] burst into a declamation
on the folly and ignorance of Unitarianism.
+ De‘clamator. Oés. [a. L. déclamator, n. of
action from déclamare to DEcLAIM.] One who
practises declamation ; a declaimer.
1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) IV. 401 Iulius Gallio. . was
[the] best declamator of alle. 1530 Eryor Gov. 1. xiii, They
whiche do onely teache rhetorike..ought to be nam
rhetoriciens, declamatours, artificiall spekers..or any other
name than oratours. 1624 F., Waite Repl. Fisher 590 Sir
Declamator, you vsurpe Radamanthus his office. 1699
Bentiey Phaé, Introd. 7 Was ever any Declamator's Case
so extravagantly put? 1710 Stre.e 7atler No. 56 ?1 Who
could, I say, hear this generous Declamator without being
fired by his noble Zeal?
Declama (drklee-mitari), a. (sb.) [ad. L.
declamatori-us, 1, déclimatir-em: see prec. and
-orY.] Of or pertaining to rhetorical declaiming ;
ofthe nature of, or characterized by, declamation.
xs8x Mutcaster Positions x. (1887) 57 To pronounce ..
orations and other d ory arg x BuRTON
Anat. Mel. i. ii. v1. iii, To leaue all declamatory speeches
1639 Worron (J.), This ..
in praise of divine Musick.
b a decl y theme iz
that age. 1795 Mason Ch. Mus. i.
of Music, which may be called 1807 G.
Cuatmers Caledonia I. m1. vii. 393 note, This pretended
charter is a : its style
the — men of
That peculiar species
eclamatory.
DECLARATION.
Declarant (d/klérant). [f. F. délaxant
or L. déclirant-em, pr. pple. of déclarare to Dx-
CLARE : see -ANT.] One who makes a declaration :
esp. in Law.
168 ; i 11. 296 Declares, that [etc.]..
Baptism. 1752 J. Stewart in Scots . June (175; la
nt was at Edinburgh. sud Sort ob hoy ohh,
The declaration farther set that. .he, the said declaran|
‘Tiwss o9 Oct Ge ailinmial epson tae aquatens of
ames © SI;
the decks t is to fx (oop ape helm ag
Declaration (deklaré'-fan). Also 4-5 -acioun,
4-6 -acion. [a. F. déclaration or ad. L. déclara-
tién-em, n. of action f. déclarare to DECLARE.]
+1. The action of making clear or clearing up
(anything obscure or not understood) ; elucidation,
explanation, interpretation. Oés.
©1374 Cuaucer Boeth. m. x. (Camb. MS.) 71-2 Th
ee whan page Hew rt hyr ae
wont to ngen in es clepyn porysmes or
declaraciouns of fi gy ana — Astrol.t. § 4
And for the more ioun, lo here the figure. 1527
R. Tuorne in Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 253 For more declaration
of the said Card [= map]. 1532-3 Act 24 Hen. VIII, c. 5
For the declaracion of the whiche ambyguitee and doubte.
1656 H. Puiirs Purch. Patt. (1676) 57 This Table is so
plain, that it needs no declaration. ‘
+2. The setting forth or expounding of a topic;
exposition, description, relation. Oéds.
1382 Wycur Deut. xvii. 18 He shal discriue..a decla-
racioun of this lawe [deuteronomium i Sa pr, He ina
volym. 1460 Carcrave Chron. 17 The childirn of Noe .. of
whos issew here schal be a daecaiian, 1553 T. Witson
Rhet. 95 A description or an evident declaration of a thyng
as though we sawe it even now doen. 1619 Mirr. Mag.
Title-p., With a Declaration of all the Warres, Battels and
Sea-fights, during her Reigne. 1642 Perkins Prof. Bk. v.
§ 437. 189 Of Dower ‘ad ostium ecclesia’ a good declaration
hath beene made by Master Littleton in his first book.
3. The action of stating, telling, setting forth, or
announcing openly, explicitly or formally ; positive
statement or assertion ; an assertion, announcement
or proclamation in emphatic, solemn, or legal terms.
1340 Hampote Pr. Conse. ee. sal he deme ilka nacyon,
And mak a fynal declaracyon Of alle be domes byfor shewed.
1426 in Surtees Misc. (1890) 9 Apon pis declaracion made.
1547 in Vicary’s Anat. (1888) App. iii. 161 Crosses to be sett
mens pas for the declaracion of the plage. 1594
Hooaen Eccl. Pol. 1. ii. (1611) 5 His promises are nothing
else but declarations what God will do for the good of men.
1651 Hosses Leviath. u. xxi. 114 If he dye .. without
declaration of his Heyre. 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 152
P 3 Declarations of “ery 1796 Jane AUSTEN Sense §
Sens, (2849) 3. In spite of Marianne’s declaration that the
day would hatiuaty fair. Froupe Hist. Eng. (1858)
1. iii. 262 The pope made a public declaration with respect
to the dispute. 188: Bacenor Biog. Studies 290 The first
declaration of love was made by the lady.
4. a. Declaration of war: formal announcement
or proclamation by a Power of the commencement
of hostilities against another Power. Also declara-
tion of peace. a ; ‘he
revisa /7i; (Rolls) I. 243 When omaynes
: : and clereliche
pat declar-
1
weolee were ts eny lond, schulde oon goo ..
declare..pe matire and cause of the werre, and
i clarigatio. 1548 Hatt Chron. 207 She
was sent .. with — overture and declaracion of peace.
‘eb. 99 The following is a Declaration of
inst Great Britain dated the 16th of
January. 1803 Lin. Rev. Jan. 389 Declarations of war
and peace, when p' d by ve to the
lative body, are to be adopted [etc.]. 1828 Napier //zs¢.
Penins. War I. 137 The invasion of Napoleon produced a
friendly alliance between those countries without a declar-
ation of peace. 1845 Poison in Zncycl. Metrop. 728/1 The
custom of making a declaration of war to the enemy, pre-
vious to the commencement of hostilities, is of great_anti-
quity, and was practised even by the Romans .. Since,
peace of Versailles, in 1763, such declarations
hove besa didcontinced, andl the praseat sung for the
state with whom the war commences to a manifesto
within its own territories. - ‘
b. Declaration a the poll: the public official
announcement of the numbers polled for each can-
didate at an election. Hence aftrid. in declaration
day.
A 4 i Upon the closing of the poll,
Progg Scho ota ge ept under ons Pan
too declamatory. 1880
L. Sreruen Pofe iii. 75 It is in the true decl y pas-
snaue that Pops is at bis best, :
+b. Characterized by declamation against some-
thing ; denunciatory. Ods.
1589 Nasne Greene's Menaphon Ded. 10 Least in this de-
cla vaine, I should cond all and d none,
+B. sb. A declamatory speech. Ods.
1688 L’Estrance Brief Hist. Times mt. 12 Then’s the
Time for Declamatoryes, and E;
Hence Decla’matoriness,
the quality of being
declamatory. =
Foreign Q. Rev. XIII. 351 The general character-
Pema) Tienes oratory are dscensatine and
+ Decla‘rable, 2. Ods. [f. L. déclara-re +
-BLE; viewed also as f. DECLARE + -ABLE.]
Capable of being declared, shown, or made known.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. ui. iv. 112 This is declare-
able from the best and most professed Writers. did. 1v, xiii.
1678 Cupwortu Intel. Syst, 23 Right Reason is of two
— -Of which the Divine is inexpressible, but the Humane
ec!
the
larati the poll. Daily News 14 Oct. 6/1 On
a Sian a . there ‘arrived reports about
veped orien vel, x Ml. Whe, x0r4 1:55 The mataral
1. iii. 1874 1. fear
Re ich restrains from such crimes, aes declaration of
nature against them. 5
6. A proclamation or public statement as em-
bodied in a document, inctrempent, or public act.
Declaration of Indulgence: see INDULGENCE.
Datarctin oie: the Parliamentary declaration of
1689 : see RiGut,
Declaration o Sedapganie) Yee blic act by which the
American Cocclean Congress, on July 4th, 1776, declared
American to be free and
; ied.
i : a diplomatic instrument ~~.
are pos oe at the Congress of I mt ted
1856, fg aber important points of maritime law
ect!
affecting be! ts neutrals in time of war. |
x B. Harris Parival’s Jron Age 208 A petition from
some Lords in England, conformable in the main points to a
DECLARATIONIST.
Declaration of the Scots, which they called the intention of
their Army. 1660 Marvett Cory. vi. Wks. 1872-5 II, 25
To-morrow the Bill for enacting his Majestye’s Declaration
in religious matters is to haue its first reading. 1776 Axx.
Reg. 261 A Declaration by the Representatives of the United
States of America, in General Congress assembled, July 4.
1780 Inipartial Hist. War Amer. 335 These Articles, as
well as the Declaration of Independence, were published in
all the Colonies. 1816 Scorr Old Mort. xxxvii, The declar-
ation of Indulgence issued by Charles II. 1846 MeCuttocu
Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) 11. 209 The principal abuses that
had characterized the government of the two preceding
reigns, were also enumerated ‘and digested into an instru-
ment, called a Declaration and Claim of Rights, presented
and assented to, by the new sovereigns. J
7. Law. a. The plaintiffs statement of claim in
an action ; the writing or instrument in which this
is made.
1483 Act 1 Rich. III, c. 6 § 1 The Plaintiff .. [shall] make
Oath .. that the Contract .. comprised in the same Declara-
tion [etc.]. 1579 W. RasteLy Termes of Law, Declaratyon
is a shewinge forth in writing of the griefe and complaynt
of the demaundant or pleintife, against the tenant or defen-
dant. 1642 Perkins Prof Bk, ii. § 151. 67 The declaration
shall abate. 1672 WycHERLEY Love ix Wood Ded., No
man with papers in ’s hand is more dreadful than a poet;
no, not a lawyer with his declarations. 1768 BLAcKSTONE
Comm. III. 203 As soon as this action is brought, and the
complaint fully stated in the declaration. 1817 W. SeLwyn
Law Nist Prius Il. 783 The first count in the declaration.
b. A simple affirmation allcwed to be taken, in
certain cases, instead of an oath or solemn affirma-
tion.
1834 Act 5-6 Will. IV, c. 62. 1848 WHarton Law Lex.
164 By 5 & 6 Wm. IV, c. 62, for the abolition of unnecessary
oaths, any justice .. is empowered to take voluntary declara-
tions in the form specified in the act. And any person
wilfully making such declaration false, in any material par-
ticular, shall be guilty of a misdemeanour.
c. In the Custom-house ; see DECLARE v. I0c.
1853 Act 16 § 17 Vict. c. 107 §186 The master of the ship
in which such goods shall be laden shall before clearance
make and subscribe a declaration before the proper officer
of customs. 1876 Act 39 § 40 Vict. c. 36 § 58.
d. The creation or acknowledgement of a ¢rzst
or wse in some form of writing; any writing
whereby a trust or use is constituted or proved to
exist.
«1626 Bacon Max. §& Uses Comm. Law xiv. (1636) 56 De-
clarations evermore are countermandable in their natures,
1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) I. 449 The only point for which
they contended was, that the articles .. under which they
claimed, amounted to a good declaration of the uses of
recovery. bid. 463 A declaration of trust requires no par-
ticular form, provided it be proved or manifested in writing.
1827 JARMAN Powell's Devises (ed. 3) II. 75 There being no
declaration of the trust of the money beyond the life of the
wife, it resulted to the heir.
e. Scots Law. ‘In criminal proceedings the ac-
count which a prisoner, who has been apprehended
on suspicion of having committed a crime, gives
of himself on his examination, which is taken
down in writing’ (Bell Décz. s.v.).
Dying declaration: a declaration made by a person on
his deathbed, which is admitted as evidence in a prosecution
for homicide.
Judicial declaration: the statement, taken down in
writing, of a party when judicially examined as to the par-
ticular facts in a civil action.
1818 Scotr Hrt. Midl. xxiii, It .. usually happens that
these declarations become the means of condemning the
accused, as it were, out of their own mouths. 1861 W. Bett
Dict. Law Scot. 256 The magistrate’s proper duty is dis-
tinctly to inform the prisoner not only that it is optional for
him to make a declaration or not as he pleases, but also
that what he says may afterwards be used against him on
his trial.
8. In the game of bezique : see quot.
1870 Mod. Hoyle 153 Declaration is the act of declaring
a score by the process of placing certain cards upon the
table. Jéid. 148 The last declaration must be made before
the last two cards are drawn.
Declara‘tionist. ovce-wd. One who joins
in or signs a declaration.
_ 1892 Times 7 Jan. 10/5 We are indebted to the declaration-
ists for bringing this controversy again before the public.
Declarative (dékle‘rativ), a. (sb.) [a. F. dé-
claratif, -ive, or ad. L. déclérativ-us, f. ppl. stem
of déclarare to DECLARE: see-IVE.] Characterized
by declaring (in the various senses of the vb.).
+1. Making clear, manifest, or evident. Ods.
@ 1536 TinDALeE Wis. = (R.) Notwithstanding y® sonne 1s
the cause declaratiue wherby we know that the other is
a father. 1644 Butwer Chiro/. 1 All the declarative conceits
of Gesture. 1646 P. BULKELEY Gosfel Covt. 1v. 337 These
kind of promises .. are declarative, making manifest who be
those true beleivers to whom the life promised. .doth belong.
21665 J. Goopwin Filled w. the Spirit (1867) 329 Holy
and zealous impressions upon the hearts .. of men may be
declarative of their being filled with the Spirit of Cod.
1772 Frercuer Logica Genev. 43 The declarative evidences
. whether or no he was among the trees of righteousness.
+b. That manifests itself or is capable of mani-
festation. Ods.
1642 T. Hopces Glimpse 36 Every thing whereby the de-
clarative highnesse of this great God is advanced. a@ 1679
Gurnattin Spurgeon 7veas. Dav. Ps. cii. 16 His declarative
glory then appears, when the glory of his mercy, truth and
faithfulness break forth in his people’s salvation.
2. Characterized -by making declaration ; of the
nature of a declaration or formal assertion. De-
clarative act, statute, etc. = DECLARATORY act, etc.
99
1628 T. Spencer Logick 153 A declaratiue, or pronouncing
sentence. 1646 S. Botton Arraigum. Err. 136 Ministeriall,
declaratiue, subordinate Judges. 1661 BraMHALL Yust Vind.
iii. 31 Whether the Act or Statute .. were operative or de-
clarative, creating new right, or manifesting, or restoring
oldright. 1692 Bp. Parricx Answ. Touchstone 97 The only
Question is, Whether their Absolution be only declarative,
oralso operative? 1755 Carte /ist. Eng. IV. 335 It wasa
declarative law. 1824 L. Murray Exg. Gram, (ed. 5) I. 270
The best method of discovering the proper case of the pro-
noun, in such phrases .. is, to turn them into declarative
expressions.
b. Const. of.
1642 Cuas. I Anszw. Declar. Both Houses 1 July, Accord-
ing to the Common Law (of which the Statute is but de-
clarative), 1774 Pennant Your Scotl. in 1772, 16 An inscrip-
tion, declarative of his munificence towards the church. 1866
Grosart in Lismore Papers Introd. 12 Much of the record
.. is declarative of a wish on the part of the Founder of the
History to win the ear of posterity.
+3. Of a person: Declaring oneself, declaring or
uttering one’s opinion; communicative. Ods.
1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. vi. (1739) 14 The times
were too tender to endure them to be declarative on either
part. 1748 RicHarpson Clarissa (1811) III, xli. 240 He was
still more declarative afterwards.
B. sé, A declaratory,statement or act.
1651 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. x. (1739) 57 Not as an
Introduction of a new Law, but as a Declarative of the old.
1865 BusHNELL Vicar. Sacr. m1. i. 201 As declaratives of
natural consequence. <
Decla'ratively, adv. [f. prec. + -ty2.] In
a declarative manner, by way of declaration or
distinct assertion ; + by way of manifestation.
1625 Ussuer Axsw. Jesuit 132 [They] doe discharge that
part of their function which concerneth forgivenesse of sinnes,
partly operatively, partly declaratively. 1652 Huglands
Commonw. 20 A man whom .. this State had declaratively
disclaimed. 1671 FLavet Yount. of Life xii. 55 Not only
declaratively or by way of manifestation. @1848 R. W.
Hamitton Rew. § Punishu. iv. (1853) 175 Still more
declaratively is the connexion told.
+ De'clarator, sJ.1 Ods. [a. L. déclarator,
agent-n. from déclérare to DECLARE.] One who
declares or makes manifest ; an informer.
@1577 Sir T. Smitu Commw. Eng. (1633) 100 The other
part to the Declarator, Detector or Informer.
Declarator (diékle:rato1), sd.2 Sc. [represent-
ing F. déclaratotre (acte, sentence adéclaratotre),
med.L. décliratorius, -a,-unt: see DECLARATORY.]
A declaratory statement, ‘a legal or authentic de-
claration’ (Jam.). (Action of) declarator (Sc.Law):
a form of action in the Court of Session, in which
something is prayed to be declared judicially, the
legal consequences being left to follow as a matter
of course.
1567 Sc. Acts Yas. VI (1814) 28 (Jam.) Desyring our
souerane lord, etc., to gif declaratour to the said William
Dowglas ..that he has done his detfull diligence. _ 1599
Jas. I BaotA. Awpov (1603) 17 Your pronouncing of sen-
tences, or declaratour of your will in judgement. 1746-7
Act 20 Geo. II, c. 50 § 3 The citation in the general decla-
rator of non-entry. 1864 Daily Yel. 13 June, The Scotch
courts have a kind of action called a declarator of mar-
riage, in which they affirm or negative the abstract pro-
position that two persons are married persons. 1876 GRANT
Burgh Sch. Scotl. 1. i, 92 They raised a summons of de-
clarator against the Council concluding that Elgin Academy
was a public School. 1884 Law Reforts 9 App. Cases 305
The present action was brought. . for declarator of his right
to one-half of the heritable estate.
Declaratorily (dzkle:ratarili), adv. [f. Dr-
CLARATORY +-L¥2.] In a declaratory manner; in
the form of a declaration.
1588 J. Harvey Disc. Probl. 103 The resolution of
Cyprianus Leouitius .. is declaratorily deliuered in the end
of this Prognosticon. 1616 Jas. I Sf. in Starre-Chamber 20
June 10, I tooke this occasion..here in this Seate of Indge-
ment, not judicially, but declaratorily and openly to giue
those directions. (1 Sir T. Browne Psenud, Ep. vit.
xvii. 376 [They] have both declaratorily confirmed the
e
same.
Declaratory (dékle‘rateri), a. and sb. [ad.
L. type délaratori-us, -a, -um, f. déclarator-em a
declarer: see -ony. Cf. F. déclaratoire (16th c.).]
Having the function of declaring, setting forth, or
explaining; having the nature or form of a declara-
tion ; affirmatory.
Declaratory act or statute: one which declares or explains
what the existing law is. Declaratory action (Sc. Law)=
Action of Dectarator. Declaratory judgement or decree:
one which simply declares the rights of the parties or the
opinion of the court as to what the law is.
1587 FLeminc Contin. Holinshed I11. 1362/2 The explication
or meaning of the bull declaratorie made by Pius the fift
against Elisabeth. _@ 1631 Donne in Se/ect. (1840) 67N either
would this profit without the declaratory justification. 1648
in Clarendon Hist. Reb. x1. (1843) 679/2 A recital in a new
law, which was not a declaratory law of what the law was
formerly in being. 1699 BuRNET 39 Art. xxv. (1700) 276
The power of pardoning is only declaratory. 1787 J. Bar-
Low Oration 4 Fuly 7 t declaratory Act of Independ-
ence, which gave being to an empire. 1845 Potson in
Encycl. Metrop. 852/1 Actions known to Scottish law ..
Declaratory actions, wherein the right of the pursuer is
craved to be declared, but nothing is claimed to be done by
the defender. 1857 GLapsTonE Glean. VI. xliii. 74 The case
is not one of divorce at all, but of a declaratory process
where the marriage had been originally null. 1884 A. R.
Pennincton Wiclif viii. 257 With regard to Penance and
Absolution, he holds the view of the Church of England,
that the office of the priest is declaratory.
DECLARE.
b. Const. of.
1660 R. Coxe Power § Subj. 227 That the Statute. .should
be but declaratory of the ancient and common Law of this
Land. 1791 Mackintosu Vind. Gallice Wks. 1846 III. 26
Resolutions declaratory of adherence to their former decrees.
1876 Bancrort Hist. U. S. III. x. 431 The decision was
declaratory of the boundary. 1884 Law Reforts 9 App.
Cases 95 The Bills of Exchange Act, 1882 .. is declaratory
of the prior law.
+B. sd. A declaratory order; a declaration. Ods.
1571 State Trials, Dk. of Norfolk (R.), A summary cogni-
tion in the cases of controversy, with a small declaratory to
have followed. 1691 Agreement w. Denmark (MS. Treaties
96), His Majesty. .has thought fit to issue out a Declaratory
or Ordonnance .. concerning the Shipping and the carrying
on of their Commerce with France.
+Decla‘rature. Ods. rare. [f. ppl. stem of
L, déclérare to DECLARE + -URE.] = DECLARATION.
1729 Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 440 That deposition was not
the fit state of the vote, but acquiesce and harmony if pos-
sible in the declarature.
Declare (dikléo1), v. Also 4-5 declar, 6 de-
clair, -ayre. [a. F. déclare-r, ad. L. déclara-re to
clear up, make clear or evident, f. Dr- I. 3 + c/a@r-ws
clear, clarare to make clear, OF. had desclairier,
f. des-, de- (DE- I. 6) + clatr clear, which was gra-
dually brought, through declatrir, declairer, into
conformity with the L. type.]
1. ¢vans. To make clear or plain (anything that
is obscure or imperfectly understood) ; to clear up,
explain, expound, interpret, elucidate.
c1325 EL. EL. Allit. P, B. 1618 And ba3 be mater be merk
-. He shal de-clar hit also, as hit on clay stande. c¢ 1400
Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 72 Declarynge & openynge doutis.
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 56 Yf I sholde reherse
them .. excepte I sholde also declare them, they sholde not
moche profyte. 1530 Patscr. 508/2 It is no nede to declare
it, the mater is playne ynoughe. 1638 Cuituncw. Relig.
Prot.t. ii. § 12. 58 That those [things] which are obscure
should remain obscure, untill he please to declare them.
a 1691 Boyte (J.), To declare this a little, we must assume
that the surfaces of such bodies are exactly smooth.
+2. To manifest, show forth, make known; to
unfold, set forth (facts, circumstances, etc.) ; to
describe, state in detail; to recount, relate. Ods.
o Hampote Prose Tr. 23, I shalle telle and declare to
the a litille of this more opynly. c1400 Maunpev. (1839) v.
53 For to declare 30u the othere weyes, that drawen toward
Babiloyne. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W.de W. 1531), The cause. .
shall be more playnly declared in the seconde boke. a 1533
Lp. Berners Huon xlii. 140 He declared to them the dethe
of his brother. 1582 N. T.(Rhem.) «c/s xx. 27 For I haue not
spared to declare vnto youal the counsel of God. 1606 Hot.-
LAND Sweton.76 He wrote. .somewhat of his owne life: which
hee declared [L. exfosuit] in thirty books. 1703 Moxon
Mech, Exerc. 237, I will declare their Method of Working.
+3. zztr. To make exposition or relation of.
1393 Gower Conf. III. 128 Of other sterres how they fare,
I thinke hereafter to declare. ¢ 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb,) xvi.
72 Here hafe I talde 3ow and declared of be Haly Land and
of cuntreez per aboute. ¢1470 Henry Wadlace v. 528 He..
To thaim declarde off all this paynfull cas. 1526 TinpaLe
Acts xvii. 2 And thre saboth dayes declared of the scriptures
unto them. @1533 Lp. Berners Huon cxxv. 452 The
whiche he shewyd to syr Barnarde, and declaryd of the
fountayne and gardayne.
4. trans. Of things: To manifest, show, demon-
strate, prove.
In later quots. there is association with 5.
¢1386 Cuaucer Avt.’s 7.1498 The fires which that on myn
auter brenne Shulle thee declaren.. Thyn auenture of loue.
¢1391 — Asérol. 11. § 6 3if any degree in thi zodiak be dirk,
his nadire shal declarehim. 1533 Etyor Cast. Helthe (1539)
57 b, Suche maner of vomite declareth corruption. 1535
CoverDALe Ps, xviii. [xix.] 1 The very heauens declare the
glory off God. 1568 E. Titnry Disc. Marriage Ciij, Much
babling declareth a foolishe head. 1667 Mitton P. L.1v.
300 His fair large Front and Eye sublime declar’d Absolute
rule. 1668 Cutrerrer & Cote Barthol. Anat. w. ii. 338
Many Sceletons .. declare that the Cartilago scutiformiis
..is changed into the hard substance of a Bone. 1810
Scotr Lady of L. 1. xxv, Nor track nor pathway might
declare That human foot frequented there.
5. To make known or state publicly, formally, or
in explicit terms ; to assert, proclaim, announce or
pronounce by formal statement or in solemn terms.
¢ 1330 R. BrunnE Chron. (1810) 314 Per foure at Rome ware,
to areson pe pape, Pe right for to declare. 1397 Rolls of
Parilt. \11.378/2 As it is more pleynleche declared in the same
Commission. c 1400 Destr. Troy 2147 Qwen the kyng had
his counsell declaret to the ende. 15.. ? Dunbar Whs. (893)
264/3 His name of confort I will declair, Welcom, my awin
Lord Thesaurair! 1648 Dx. Hamitton in H. Papers
(Camden) 234 You shall declare in name of this kingdome
that they nor their forces will not admitt .. the excepted
persons, 1827 Jarman Powedl's Devises (ed. 3) Il. 165
A testator, after declaring his intention to dispose of all his
worldly estate, 1856 Froupe //ist. Eng. (1858) I. ii. 111
The parliament itself declared in formal language that they
would resist any attempt.
b. with compl.: a person, etc. (to be) something.
1538 Starkey England 1. iv. 124 To declayre penytent
heartys..to be absoluyd from the faute therof. 1640 State
Trials, Earl Strafford (R.), No man hath ever been declared
a traitor, either by king or parliament, except [etc.]. 1659
B. Harris Parival’s Iron Age 269 The Chanceller declared
him Major, as being entred into the fourteenth yeare of his
age. 1667 Mitton P.Z. vi. 728 That thou in me well pleas’d
declarst thy will Fulfill’d. 1765-9 BLackstonE Comm. 1. xvi.
(1793) 1.578 When a woman. . declares herself with child. 1848
acauLay //7st. Eng. 11.115 [He] declared himself a member
of the Church of Rome. 1874 Green Short Hist. vi. § 4.
312 The end ofall punishment he declares to be reformation.
13* -2
DECLARE.
ce. Zo declare war: to make formal and public
proclamation of hostilities against (+ 40) another
power. coon
152 Hutoet, Declare warres, arma canere, bellum indi-
cere. 168% SALGADO Symbiosis 6 Of Angels..some declared
war against God. 1761 Cuesterr. Lett. IV. ccclx. 178, Ihave
now good reason to believe that Spain will declare war to
us. 1763 Gent’. Mag. Mar. 108 Before the war just now
concluded was declared. Examiner 422/1 France..
has formally declared war against Algiers. 1831 /did. 321/1
The Duke. .had declared war. ;
d. Zo declare a dividend: to announce officially
a (specified) dividend as payable.
6. To state is tae as to affirm, aver, assert.
1 STEELE Zatler No. 135? 1 He declares, he would
rather be in the Wrong with Plato, than in the Right with
such Company. 1752 Jounson Rambler No. 199 P 15 One ©
young lady .. declared that she scorned to separate her
wishes from her acts. 1841 D’IsraeLt Amen. Lit. (1867)
136 Spenser. .declared that the language of Chaucer was
the purest English. 1860 Tynpatt G/lac. 1, x. 67 Who at
first declared four guides to be necessary.
b. Used as a mere asseveration.
1811 L. M. Hawkins C’fess & Gertr. i. 8, I declare to
oodness. 1839 Catu. Sincrair Holiday House xv. 300,
Vaccare poor Frisk is going to be sick! 1 Loncr.
Kavanagh Prose Wks. 1886 II. xxix. 408 Well, I declare !
If it is not Mr. Kavanagh! 1889 Eart or Desart Lit.
Chatelaine I. xxiii, 107, I declare, 1 long to see your
niece.
7. To declare oneself: @. to avow or proclaim
one’s opinions, leanings, or intentions; b. to
make known or reveal one’s true character, identity,
or existence ; also fig. of things.
c 1529 Wotsey in Ellis Orig. Lett, 1. I. 5 So declaryng
your sylf therin that the world may perceive [etc.]. @ 1626
3acon (J.), In Casar’s army pe fh the soldiers would
have had, yet they would not declare themselves in it, but
only demanded a discharge. @ 1680 Butter Rem, (1759) I.
237 As Thistles wear the softest Down, To hide their
Prickles till they’re grown; And then declare themselves
and tear Whatever ventures to come near. a1719 AvplI-
son (J.), We are a considerable body, who, upon a
proper occasion, would not fail to declare ourselves. 1883
Standard 7 Sept. 4/6 A politician who could hardly
declare himself with frankness without. .alienating one or
other of the sections of which his Party was ray 1884
Weekly Times 7 Nov. 2/4 Wherever a spark fell..a little
fire promptly declared itself.
e@. with for or agarnst, etc. Cf. 8.
1631 Brautieu Let. in Crt. & Times Chas. I (1848) 11.155
‘The circle of the Lower Saxony have now declared them-
selves for him. 1697 Dampier oy. I. Introd. p. vi, I..now
declared myself on the side of those that were Out-voted.
1840 T'HirL watt Greece VII. 303 Alexander. .declared him-
self for Cassander. 1867 Smites Huguenots Eng. ix. 144
Protestant children were invited to declare themselves
against the religion of their parents.
8. intr. (for refl.) To declare for (in favour of),
or against: to make known or avow one’s sym-
pathy, opinion, or resolution to act, for or against.
16.. Jer. Taytor (J.), The internal faculties of will and
understanding, decreeing and declaring against them. 16;
B. Harris Parival's [ron Age 216 Poyer, and Powell, for-
merly for the Parliament..declared against them. 1
HEARNE Collect. 3 Apr., A Man.. for siding with both
Parties... and not declaring .. for either, 1754 CHATHAM
Lett. Nephew iv. 23 The adhering. .to false and dangerous
notions, only because one has declared for them. 1823
Lams Elia Ser. 1. Poor Rel, He declareth against fish.
1855 Macautay //ist. Eng. III. 642 Wexford had declared
for King William, 1881 Henty Cornet of Horse xvii. 175
oa el naturally declared at once for the journey to
aris.
+b. Zo declare for: to declare oneself a candi-
date for; to make a bid for. Ods.
1666 Pepys Diary (1879) VI. 44 To discourse of the further
quantity of victuals fit to be declared for. 1701 W. Wotton
Hist. Rome 385 These Fancy’s led one Severus. .to declare
for the Empire. 1769 Gotpsm. Hist. Rome (1786) Il. 456
‘Those who at first instigated him to declare for the throne.
9. 70 declare off: to state formally that one is ‘ off’
with a bargain or undertaking; to break off an
engagement, practice, ete. ; to withdraw, back out.
collog. (Rarely ¢rans.)
1749 Firtpinc Tom Yones xv. ix, Propose marriage. .and
she will declare off in a moment. 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. W.
xiii, No, I declare off; I'll fight no more. 1791 Govv.
Morris in Sparks Life & Writ. (1832) III. 19, contrived
to get clear by declaring off from being a candidate, 1812
Sporting Mag. XX XIX. 188 Many declared off their bets.
1876 G. Exvtor Dan. Der. vin. Ixiv. 573 When itcame to the
point, Mr. Haynes declared off, and there has been no one
to take it since.
10. Law.
statement of claim as plaintiff in an action.
with that.
1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII, c. 20 § 2 If. .eny of theym be non-
sute in any of the said Appelis after they have appered and
declared in the same. a 1626 Bacon Max. §& Uses Com. Law
iii. (1636) 20 Her demand is of a moity, and shee declares
upon the custome of the Realme. 1642 Perkins Prof. Bk.
ii. § x51 If an action of debt be broug iministrators
and they declare that[etc.]. 1768 Brackstone Comm. III.
113 The party applying for the prohibition is directed by
the court to declare in prohibition. E
b. trans. To make a formal statement consti-
tuting or acknowledging (a trust or use).
1677 Act 29 Chas. I/, c. 3 § 7 That all declarations or
creations of trusts or confidences. .shall be..proved by some
writing, signed by the party who is by law enabled to declare
such trust. 1767 BLackstone Com, 11, 363 If these deeds
are made previous to the fine or recovery, they are called
a. intr. To make a declaration or
Also
100
Ee etek ; oh ae
‘m., RUISE Diges: 2) VI. Where trusts
and limitations were ex, dedand
ce. To make a ful and proper statement of or as
to (goods liable to duty); to name (such and such
dutiable goods) as being in one’s possession. ¢rams.
and intr.
1714 Fr. Bk. of Rates 158 Without declaring and ing
thareet, and oh the Duties and Customs which Sarat
so subject to. 1762 Univ. Mag. Feb. 99 All merchants who
shall have in their possession any cod, or other fish. .shall..
declare the same and deliver an account thereof. 1872
Howes Wedd. Yourn. 279 ‘ Perhaps we'd better declare
some of these things’..‘I won't dec a thread!’ Mod.
(Revenue Officer) Hive you anything to declare?’
11. In the game of bezique: To announce (a par-
ticular score) by laying down the cards which yield
the score; to lay the cards face up on the table
for this purpose. rans. or absol.
1870 Mod. Hoyle 147 (Besigue) The winner of the trick
now declares, if he has anything to declare.
+12. rans. To clear (a person) of a charge or
imputation. Ods.
1460 Paston Lett. No. 347 1. 508 [We were] mistrusted to
our grete vilanye and rebuke, wheche muste be answerd
the causes why, and we declared. 1463-4 Plumpton Corr.
p. lxx, Our welbeloved William Plompton Kt. hath truly,
sufficiently, & clearly declared himself of all manner
matters that have been said or surmised against him, &
so we hold him thereof for fully excused & declared.
Declared (d/klé1d), fp/. a. [f. prec. + -ED.]
Openly or formally made known by words or
something equivalent ; openly avowed, professed.
165r Hones Leviath, . xxviii. 163 Harme inflicted upon
one thatisadeclaredenemy. 1 Wodrow Corr. (1843) 11.
661, | was glad to observe a declared inclination to write
the lives of our remarkably learned men. 1781 Gisson Decd.
& F. IIL. g2 Declared and devout Pagans. 1828 Scott
F. M. Perth xxv, A declared lover. 1884 Pall Mall G.
2 Sept. 8/1 The present condition of affairs is most trying,
and a declared state of war would be preferable.
Declaredly (diklérédli), adv. [f. prec. +
-LY 2.] In adeclared manner ; with formal declara-
tion; professedly, avowedly, etc.
1 - Goopwin Junoc. Triumph. (1645) 44 Many by
being declaredly ingag'd for such or such an opinion. 1664
More Alyst. nig. xiil. 42 They avery and declaredly pro-
fess that there Is ely one true God. 1748 RIcHARDSON
Clarissa (1811) 1. 10 Had not her uncle brought him de-
a, as a- suitor to her? 1844 H. H. Witson Brit.
/ndia III. 130 The states..were not declaredly at war.
Decla'redness. 7ave.
The state of being declared.
1846 WorcesTER cites More.
+ Decla‘rrement. Oés. [f. DEcLARE v. +
-MENT. Cf. OF. declarement (desclairiement, de-
clairement) 14-15th c.; but this was app. obs.
when the Eng. word was formed.]
1. The act of showing or setting forth ; exposition,
explanation, manifestation, declaring.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 1. i, The frequent errors,
we shall our selves commit, even in the expresse declare-
ment hereof. 1665 GLANVILL Sceps. Sci. xiv. 78 For the
Declarement of this, we are to observe [etc.].
2. Declaration, express or formal statement ; the
act of declaring against anys
1633 T. Avams £-x/. 2 Peter ii. 3 When by our comfort-
able declarements, we have testified our assurance of blessed-
ness. 1679 ‘Tom Tickteroor’ Trial Wakeman 7 A de-
clarement against shedding innocent blood. :
Declarer (d/kléera1). [f. DecLaRE v. + -ER.]
1. One who declares: +a. One who expounds,
explains, or interprets. Ods.
1527 R. Tuorne in Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 258 That I be the
declarer or gloser of mine owne worke. 1§30 Patscr. 212/r
Declarer, expounder, declarevr, exposevr. a 1714 J. Suarr
Serm. VII, tv. (R.), To be the infallible declarers and inter-
preters of the sense of Scripture to all the Christian world.
[f. as prec. + -NESS.]
b. One who = that which) exhibits, sets
forth, or makes known; one who proclaims or
publishes.
see
1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke xviii. (R.), He became
..an open declarer of Gods goodness. 1 tate Trials,
WwW. nh peed (R.), He is not the declarer of his intentions.
1670 Eacuarp Cont, igs ic Such as are His peculiar
servants, and declarers of His mind and doctrine. 1870
Ruskin Lects Art iii. (1887) 89 The declarer of some true
facts or sincere passions.
2. One who makes or signs a declaration.
1649 C. WALKER Hist. Jnde, . 1. 144 The Declarers
play the Orators in behalfe of the felicity of Government.
1817 Conpett Pol. Reg. 8 Feb. 173 This is declaration for de-
claration.. But, my worthy rers, I am not going to
stop here.
3. One who declares at bezique.
1870 Mod. ce I 5 Desiree) The declarer cannot declare
Sequence and eyed arriage at a blow.
(d?kléerin), vb/. sb. [-1NG1.] The
action of the verb DEcLARE in its various senses ;
precy Clepe
ex cer Boeth, um. x. (Camb. MS.) it as
thow woke be it porisme..or declarynges. ¢ 1386 — Monk's
T. 94 Lo, this declaryng ought pacedeaion PAtscr.
212/2 Declaryng of armes, d/ason. 1611 Bist 2 Macc. vi.
17 And nowe wee come to the of the matter
in few words. 1612 Brerewoop Lang. & Relig. xii. 108 For
the better declaring of which point. 1667 J. Corser Disc.
Relig. Eng. 40 Their hazardous declaring against the de-
signed Death of our late Soveraign.
|
|
« declension and fall. 1874
DECLENSION,
Decla’ adv, rare. In a manner that
Pt vegans or demonstrates.
Nowe tt & Day in C wt E iv, Fides justi-
Sem caveat) kta ts
, faith doth iustifie ay ly, opera
iustificant declaratiué, workes doe iustifie declaringly.
Declass (dikla's), v. [a. mod.F. déclasser, f.
dé-, des- (see Dx- I. 6) + classe class, classer to
class.] trans. To remove or degrade from one’s
class. Hence Decla‘ssed ff/. a. (=F. déclassé).
1888 Pall Mall Budget 5 July 30/2 Mrs. E, who declasses
herself once for all by face. 1891 New Review
June 563 The declassed J Marsett.
Declassi : see Dre- II. 1.
, declassify
Declension (dklenfon). [Represents L. de-
clindtion-em (n. of action f. déclindre to DECLINE),
F. déclinaison (13th c.). The form is irregular,
and its history obscure: possibly it came from the
F. word, by shifting of the stress as in comparison,
orison, benzson, and loss of #, as in venison, ven'son,
giving declin’ son (cf. 1565 in 4), with subsequent as-
similative changes; the grammatical sense was the
earliest, and the word had no doubt a long collo-
quial existence in the grammar schools before the
ae oe form appears in print. Cf, ConsTEr.]
. 1. The action or state of declining, or deviating
from a vertical or Lagegeager® Pada ; slope, in-
clination; a declining or sinking into a lower
position, as of the sun towards setting ; the dip of
the magnetic needle (= DECLINATION 8 a). ? Obs.
1640-4 Lp. Fincn in Rushw. Hist. Coll. m. (1692) I. 13
To make us steer between the —_ of Moderation, that
there be no declension from the Pole of Security. a 1659
Ossorn Q. Eliz. Epist. Ddivb, The i t Traveller
ae see by the Dial, the Time is in adeclension. 1684-90
T. Burnet 7h. Earth (J.), Allowas much for the declension
of the land from that place to the sea. 1764 Graincer Sugar
Cane 1. iii. note, The declension of the needle was discovered
A.D. 1492 by Columbus. 1799 W. Tooke View Russ. Emp.
I. 67 The northern part..has a sensible declension towards
the White Sea. 1802-3 tr. Pallas’ Trav. (1812) II. 201
This elevated ridge extends, with gradual declensions..
towards the sea.
2. fig. Deviation or declining from a standard ;
falling away (from one’s allegiance), apostasy.
1 Suaxs. Rich. /1/, mn. vii. 189 A Beautie-waining ..
Widow .. Seduc’d the pitch, and height of his degree, To
base declension, and loath’d Bigamie. 1647 CLareNnvon /ist.
Reb. vu. (1843) 432/1 A declension from his own rules of life.
c 1665 Mrs. Hlurcrieaon Mem. Col. Hutchinson (1846) 336
All their prudent declensions saved not the lives of some nor
the estates of others. 1814 Cary Daxte, Parad. 1v. 69 That
..is argument for faith, and not For heretic declension.
1881 W.R.Smitn Old Test. in Few. Ch. xii. 344 The declen-
sions of Israel had not checked the outward zeal with which
Jehovah was worshipped. ; pas
8. The process or state of declining, or sinking
into a lower or inferior condition ; gradual
diminution, deterioration, or decay; falling off,
decline.
1602 Suaxs. //am. u. ii. 149 He ..Fell into a Sadnesse..
thence into a Weaknesse, Thence to a Lightnesse, and by
this declension Into the Madnesse whereon now he raues.
1660 Jer. Tavior Worthy Commun. ii. § 1. 115 In_the
greatest declension of Religion. 1677 Govt. Venice Ep.
1 The State of Venice is at this day in its i 1734
tr. Rollin's Anc. Hist. ag be Pref. 1 The causes of their
aurice Friendship Bks. ii. 55
Symptoms of declension or decay. |
b. Sunken or fallen condition.
1642 Jer. Tavtor Efisc. (1647) 214 It hath. .come to so low
a declension, as it can scarce pid alone. tr. Rollin's
Anc. Hist. (1827) VIL. xvu._345 Till _ sunk to her
last declension. 1776 Apam Situ W. N.1. xi. 1. 213 The
ascerney of Spain is not, perhaps, so great as is commonly
imagined.
. 4. Gram. a. The variation of the form of a
noun, adjective, or pronoun, constituting its different
cases (see Case 50.1 9); case-inflexion. b. Each
of the classes into which the nouns of any language
are big ae according to their inflexions. ¢. The
action of declining, z.e. setting forth in order the
different cases of, a noun, adjective, or pronoun.
1565-78 Coorer 7% us Introd., Sub may be
perceyved by their gender and declenson. 1 . SANFORD
tr. Agrippa’s Van. Artes 10 Rules of Declensions. 1598
Suaks, W. w. i. 76 Show me now (William) some
declensi your Pr 1612 Brinstey Lud. Lit. 58
The terminations of euery case in euery Declension.
seueral ery
1640 G. Warts tr. Bacon's Adv. Learn. vi. i, (R.), Ancient
were more full of declensi cases, conjug
tions, tenses, and the like. 1845 Sroppart in Lucyci.
Metrop. 187/x Those inflections, which ns call
declensions and conjugations, x Rosy Lat. Gram.
* L. 113 § 334 The ordi division of nouns substantive was
into hve declensions. /did. 116 § 344 Ordinary declension
of -o stems,
+d. Formerly, in a wider sense: Change of the
form or of the ending of a word, as in derivation.
(Cf. note under CasE sd.1 9.) Obs. rare. [So L.
declinatio in early use.]
oe Cupworrts /ntell, Syst. 524 The God. .was called not
Beilum but Bellona. not Cuna but Cunina..Atother times,
this was without any ion of the Word at all.
III, 5. The action of declining; courteous
refusal, declinature. rare.
1817 Byron Let, to Mi ar A
declension’ for the. .tragedy? 1886
Waldemar’s declension.
.» You want a ‘civil..
ho 13 Nov. 3/1 Prince
DECLENSIONAL.
Declensional (déklenfonal), a. [f. prec. +
-aL.] Of or belonging to grammatical declension.
1856 Sat. Rev. Il. 461/2 The Albanian declensional in-
flections, 1875 Wuitney Life Lang. x. 200 Conjugational
and declensional inflections.
Hence Decle'nsionally adv.
1888 Ruys Hibbert Lectures 69 This tavan does not cor-
respond declensionally to Taranis. |
eclericalize, declimatize: see Dr- II. 1.
Declinable (d7kloi:nab’l), a. [a. F. déclinable
(14th c.), ad. L. declinadbilis (Priscian), f. déclina-re
to DECLINE: see -BLE.] Gram. Capable of being
declined ; having case-inflexions.
1530 Parser. 135 Any word declynable in this tong. 1659
Pearson Creed (1839) 242 The latter with a Greek termin-
ation, declinable. 187r Rosy Lat. Gram. I. § 795 Declin-
able adjectives of number.
Declinal (d7klai-nal), sd. rave—1'. [f. DECLINE
v. (sense 13): cf. dental and -au.] The action of
declining ; courteous refusal, declinature.
1837 Sir F. Parcrave Merch. § Friar (1844) 2 The
declinals were grounded upon reasons neither unkind nor
uncomplimentary.
+Declinal, a. Obs. rare-}.
CLINE.] = DECLINABLE.
1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. v. xxvii, A nowne substantyve
-.-wyth a gender is declynall [+e subtancyall].
Declinant (de‘klinant), @ and sd. [a. F. dé-
clinant, pr. pple. of décliner to DECLINE. ]
A. adj. 1. Her. ‘Applied to a serpent borne
with the tail straight downwards’ (Robson, Brit.
Herald, 1830).
2. Declining. monce-use.
1893 National Observer 20 May 17/2 Auriga..drooped
declinant, perilously near the horizon.
+B. sb. One who is declining (in fortunes, etc.).
1734 Nortu Lives II. 64 The aspirant dealt with all
imaginable kindness and candour to the declinant.
Declinate (deklintt), @ Bot. [ad. L. décli-
nat-us, pa. pple. of déclinare to bend away or
down.] Inclined downwards or leaning to one side.
1810 W. Roxsurcu in Asiatic Res. XI. 346 Zinziber
Zerumbet..Stems declinate. 1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 235
Stamens. .erect or declinate.
+ Declinated, «. [f. as prec.+-ED.] =prec.
1757 Puctney in PAzl. Trans. L. 66 The Atropa comes in
among those, that have declinated stamina.
Declination (deklinzi:fon). [a. OF. déclina-
cion, ad. L. declinatién-em, n. of action f. déclindre
to DECLINE. In some senses peth. a direct adap-
tation of the L. word.] The action of declining.
+1. A turing aside, swerving, deviation from a
standard ; turning aside (from rectitude, etc.) ; fall-
ing away; =DECLENSION 2. Obs.
1533 More Answ. Poysoned Bk. Wks. 1035/2 Declinacion
into foule and filthy talking. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u.
128 The declinations from Religion. 1659 Hammonp Ox
Ps. ci. 3. 496 The least declination from the rules of justice.
1673 Lady's Call. 1.§ 3.24 The declinations to any vice are
gradual. 1814 Sourney Roderick x. Poems IX. 94 The
slight bias of untoward chance Makes his best virtue from
the even line, With fatal declination, swerve aside.
+2. An inclination or leaning (away from or fo-
wards anything) ; a mental bias. Ods.
a 1605 Stow Q. £/iz. an. 1581 (R.), Letters. .signefying the
queen’s declination from marriage, and the people’s unwill-
ingness to match that way. 1622 Donne Sev. (1624) 15
Saint Augustine himself had, at first, some declination to-
wards that opinion. ne i
3. A leaning, bending, or sloping downwards;
slope, inclination from the vertical or horizontal
position.
1594 Prat Fewell-ho. u. 16 Let it settle..then by declina-
tion poure away the cleerest. 1616 BuLtoxar, Declination,
a bending downeward. 1662 STILLINGFL. Orig. Sacr. m1. ii.
§ 16 For this purpose he invented a motion of declination..
he’supposed. .the descent not to be in a perpendicular right
line, but to decline a little. ax1742 Bentiey (J.), This de-
clination of atoms in their descent, was itself either necessary
or voluntary. 1816 Scorr Axtig. xiii, A declination of the
Antiquary’s stiff backbone acknowledged the preference.
1846 Joyce Sez. Dial. x. 23 A small declination..would
throw the line of direction out of the base.
+4. A sinking into a lower position; descent
towards setting ; = DEcLinine 02. sb. 4. Obs.
1503 Hawes Examp. Virt. i. 5 In Septembre in fallynge
of the lefe Whan phebus made his declynacyon. 1630 J.
Taytor (Water P.) Tvav. Wks. m1. 84/2 Beeing a man famous
through Europe, Asia, Affricke, and America, from the
Orientall exhaltation of Titan, to his Occidental declination.
+5. The gradual falling off from a condition of
prosperity or vigour; decline; decay. Ods.
1533 More Aol. xviii. Wks. ‘oes In this declinacion of
the worlde. 1589 PuTrENHAM . Poesie 1. vi. (Arb.) 27
Then aboutes began the declination of the Romain Empire.
@1638 Meve View Afoc. Wks. (1672) v. 923 His Declination
and Ruine we see is already begun. . StussBe Vind,
Dutch War 82 The declination of antient Learning. 1799
Wasuincton Let. Writ. (1 3) XIV. 191 Although I have
abundant cause to be thankful for..good health .. yet I am
not insensible to my declination in other resp
+6. The withholding of acceptance ; non-accept-
ance, modest or courteous refusal ; declinature.
2 Obs.
1612-5 Br. Hatt Contemp. O. T. xu.v, A modest declina-
tion of that honour, which he saw must come. — Contempl.
N. 7. 1v. x, A voluntary declination of their familiar con-
[irreg. f. Dr-
.
101 -
versation. 1884 Pall Mall G. 21 Aug. 5/r [The author]
must excuse our declination to accept as possible characters
in_any possible social system, people so unnatural.
7. Astron. The angular distance of a heavenly
body (north or south) from ‘the celestial equator,
measured on a meridian passing through the body:
corresponding to terrestrial Jatitude. Formerly
also the angular distance from the ecliptic.
(The earliest and now most usual sense.)
Circle or parallel of declination : see CIRCLE 2a, PARALLEL.
©1386 Cuaucer Frankl. 7,518 Phebus. .That in his hoote
declynacion Shoon as the burned gold with stremes brighte.
c1391 — Astrol. 1. $17 In this heued of Cancer is the
grettest declinacioun northward of the Sonne. /ééd. 1. § 17
Al be it so pat fro the Equinoxial may the declinacion or the
latitude of any body celestial be rikned..riht so may the
latitude or the declinacion of any raed celestial, saue only
of the sonne. .be rekned fro the Ecliptik lyne. 1549 Comfd.
Scot. vi. 47 The mouyng, eleuatione, and declinatione of the
sone, mune, and of the sternis. 1594 BLuNDEvIL Everc. ul.
(ed. 7)113 The greatest declination which is 23 degrees, 28’.
1794 Suttivan View Nat. I. 390 In consequence of the
different declinations of the sun and moon at different times.
1816 Piayrair Nat. Phil. 11. 7 The arch of that circle inter-
cepted between the star and the Equator is called the De-
clination of the star. 1872 Procror £ss. Astron. i. 2 To
Herschel astronomy was not a matter of right ascension and
declination. .
8. Of the magnetic needle: +a. Formerly, the
Die or deviation from the horizontal (ods.); b.
the deviation from the true north and south line,
esp. the angular measure of this deviation ; also
called VARIATION.
1635 N. Carrenter Geog. Ded. 1. iii. 66 The Declination is
a magneticall motion, whereby the magneticall needle con-
uerts it selfe vnder the Horizontall plaine, towards the Axis
of the Earth. 1646 Sir ‘Tl. Browne Pseud. Zp. u. ii.61 The
Inclination or Declination of the Loadstone; that is, the
descent of the needle below the plaine of the Horizon. 1865
LivinGstone Zamibesi vi. 133 Magnetical observations, for
ascertaining the dip and declination of the needle. 1878
Huxtey Physiog. i. 10 The divergence of the position of the
magnetic needle from the true north-and-south line is called
its declination, or by nautical men, its variation.
9. Dialling. Of a vertical plane (e.g. that of a
wall): The angular measure of its deviation from
the prime vertical (the vertical plane through the
east and west points of the horizon), or from the
meridian (that through the north and south points).
1593 [see DecLINE v7. 2 b]. 1669 Sturmy Mariner's Alag.
vu. vi. 11 The Declination of a Plane is the Azimuthal
Distance of his Poles from the meridian. 1703 Moxon J/ech.
Exerc. 314 If it do not point directly either East, West,
North, or South, then so many degrees is the Declination of
the Plane. 1737-5 Cramsers Cycl., Declination of a plane,
or wall, in dialling.
O. Gram. =DECLENSION 4. Ods.
c1440 Carcrave Life St. Kath. 1. i. 259 To teche hir of
retoryk and gramer the scole.. The declynacions, pe per-
sonys, the modys, be tens. 1530 PatsGr. Introd. 29 Pro-
nownes of the fyrst declynation. 1603 FLorio Montaigne
I, xxv. (1632) 85 We did tosse our declinations, and con-
jugations to and fro. 75x Smottetr Per. Pic. (1779) I. xii.
105 A perfect 7gzoramus, who scarce knows the declination
of musa. — % :
Ll. attrib. and Comé., as declination-circle, -needle.
1854 MosE.ey Astron. ix. (ed. 4) 41 Declination-circles are
those great circles which pass round the heavens from one
pole to the other. 1870 R. M. Fercuson £lectr. 19 Instru-
ments for determining magnetic declinations are called
declination needles or declinometers.
Declina‘tional, . [f. prec.+-au.] Relating
to declination.
1881 J. G. BARNARD in Swzthsonian Contrib. Knowl. No.
310. 15 Absence of right ascension and declinational motions
of the attracting body.
Declinator ! (de‘klinzitax). [agent-n. on L.
type f. L. déclindre to Decuine. F. déclinateur.]
+1. One who declines or refuses; a dissentient ;
also=DECLINER 2. Obs.
1606 Br. W. Bartow Ser. (1607) Aiva, Declinators
from their lawful Princes tribunall. @ 1670 Hacxet Af,
Williams 1. (1692) 65 The votes of the declinators could
not be heard for the noise.
2. Dialling. An instrument for determining the
declination of planes.
_ 1727-51 Cuamsers Cycl., Declinator or Declinatory, an
instrument in dialling, whereby the declination, inciination,
and reclination, of planes is determined.
+ Declinator 2 (dikloinatar), a. and sd. Sc.
Law. Obs. Also 7 -our.
natoire ; see DECLINATORY.]
A. adj. In exception declinatour=B. B. sb. A
written instrument declining the jurisdiction of a
judge or court.
1609 Skene Reg. Maj. 113 Exceptions declinatours against
the Judge. 16: “ith, eclinator and Protestation of the
Archbishops and Bishops of the Church of Scotland. 1681
Lond. Gaz. No. 1651/4 The same day were likewise past,
An Act gainst Protections, An Act against Declinators.
1733 Neat Hist. Purit. il. 324 The Bishops Declinator
being read, was unanimously rejected.
(dzkloinatori), a, and sd. [ad.
med.L. déclinatori-us (f. ppl. stem déclinat- of dé-
clinare : see -oRY), in the legal expression exceptio
declinatoria, in F, exception déclinatoire. French
has also the sb. use (1381 in Hatzf.).]
A. adj. That declines (sense 13); expressing
refusal. Declinatory plea (Law): a plea intended
[Sc. repr. of F. déc/d-
DECLINE.
to show that the party was exempt from the juris-
diction of the court, or from the penalty of the
law; abolished in 1826.
1673 Marve. Corr. ccxi. Wks. 1872-5 II. 412 Return an
answer. .in a civill but declinatory way. 1769 BLACKSTONE
Comm. IV. 327 Formerly .. the benefit of clergy used to be
pleaded before trial or conviction, and was called a declin-
atory plea. 1848 WuHarton Law Lex., Declinatory plea,
a plea of sanctuary, also pleading benefit of clergy befcre
trial or conviction.
B. 56. 1. Law. A declinatory plea.
@ 1693 Urquuart Rabelais 1. xxxix. 326 Declinatories
[Fr. declinatoires], Anticipatories. a1734 Nortu Lives
(1826) I. 342 They had a declinatory of course: viz..‘ That
matters of Parliament were too high for them’.
+2. Dialling. =DeEctinatoR1 2, Obs.
1703 Moxon Mech. E.verc. 311 If the Situation of the
Plane be not given, you must seek it.. the readiest and
easiest [way] is by an Instrument called a Declinatory.
1727-51 [see Decuinator! 2].
Declinature (dékloi-natitu). [f. L. type d&
clinatira, f. ppl. stem déclindt-: see -URE. In sense
1 perhaps a ‘rectification’ of DECLINATOR 2.
1. Sc. Law. A formal plea declining to admit
the jurisdiction of a court or tribunal; sfec. ‘the
privilege which a party has in certain circumstances
to decline judicially the jurisdiction of the judge
before whom he is cited’ (Bell): = DEcLINATOR 2,
DECLINATORY sé. 1.
1637-50 Row //ist. Kirk (1842) 321 He had given in a de-
clinature, containing reasons why he could not acknowledge
that judicatorie to be lawfull. 1639 Battie Let. to W,
Spang 28 Sept., To passe from his declinature of the Generall
Assemblie. 1754 Erskine Paine. Sc. Law (1809) 19 The
defender pleads a declinature, which is repelled. 186
W. Beit Dict. Law Scot. 258/2 Vhe relationship of the
judge to one or both of the parties is a ground of de-
clinature. 1883 Garpiner “fist, Eng. I. 60 Black .. having
once more declined its jurisdiction, a formal resolution was
passed to the effect that .. the Court refused to admit the
declinature. us
2. gen. The action of declining or refusing ;
courteous refusal.
1842 Arison //ist, Europe (1853) X1V. xcv. § 29. 104 This
second declinature irritated the government in the highest
degree. 1882 A. B, Bruce Parad. Teaching (1889) 504 It was
nothing more than a declinature to be burdened with their
neighbours’ affairs. 1885 Manch. Exam. 15 June 5/5 ‘The
reported declinature of office by the Marquis of Salisbury.
Decline (dikloi‘n), sé. Also 4 declyn, 5 de-
elyne. f[a. F. déclin, f. décliner to DECLINE.]
1. The process of declining or sinking to a weaker
or inferior condition ; gradual loss of force, vigour,
vitality, or excellence of quality ; falling off, decay,
diminution, deterioration. Ox the decline: ina
declining state; declining, falling off.
@ 1327 in Pol, Songs (Camden) 154 Al hit cometh in declyn
this gigelotes geren. c¢ 1430 LypG. 7hedbes 1. (R.), The
high noblesse shall draw to decline Of Greekes blood. 1638
C. ALevn Hist. /fen. 1/1, 138 When Bodies cease to grow,
’tis the presage Of a decline to their decrepit Age. 1711
STEELE Sfect. No. 78 p4 The Lady had actually lost one
Eye, and the other was very much upon the Decline. 1766
Gotpsm. Vic. HW. xxviii, The decline of my daughter's
health. 1776 Gisson (title), History of the Decline and
Fall of the Roman Empire. 1844 H. H. Witson Brit.
India (11. 436 The ascendancy, decline, and final overthrow
of the Mahrattas, 1892 Laz Times XCII. 138/1 It is said
that reading in barristers’ chambers is on the decline.
b. Fallen or sunken condition. rare.
1705 StanHore Paraphr. I. 108 In the lowest Decline of
Oppression and Disgrace, he was in no degree less worthy
of Veneration than when in his highest Glory.
e. A gradual failure of the physical powers, as
in the later years of life.
1770 LANGHORNE Plutarch (1879) I. 85/1 Numa.. wasted
away insensibly with old age and a gentle decline. 1801
Med, Frul. V.545 A gradual decline had apparently begun.
d. Any disease in which the bodily strength
gradually fails ; esf tubercular phthisis, consump-
tion.
1783 Gentl. Mag. LIII, 11. 1066 [Died] at his brother's at
Enfield, of a deep decline, by bursting a_blood-vessel in
coughing. 1790 Map. D’ArsLay Diary Dec., A general
opinion that I was falling into a decline. 1845 S. Austin
Ranke's Hist. Ref. 1, 285 He fell into a rapid decline, and
died prematurely. 1857 Hucues Tom Browz u. i, She said
one of his sisters was like to die of decline. 1882 Syd. Soc.
Lex., Decline..applied to the later stages of phthisis pul-
monalis. Also, a term for the condition formerly called Tades.
e. Comm. A downward movement or gradual
fall in price or value. ae
1885 Manch. Guardian 20 July 5/5 The decline in the
value of labour has not hitherto kept pace with that of
commodities and property. 1887 Daily News 23 Feb. 2/6,
560 bags Demerara syrups at 6d decline. 1893 /ézd. 25 Dec,
7/3 The market was weak, but declines were unimportant.
2. Of the sun or day: The action of sinking to-
wards its setting or close.
14.. Epiph. in Tundale’s Vis. 103 Westryng or drawyng
to declyne. 1590 GREENE Or/. Fur, (1861) 111 Where
Pheebus..kisses Thetis in the days decline. 1667 Mitton
P. L.1w. 792 This Evening from the Sun’s decline arriv’d.
1827 PoLtok Course 7’. x, At dawn, at mid-day, and decline.
b. In the decline of life there is a mixture of
senses I and 2.
1711 STEELE Sfect. No. 25 A Gentleman who according to
his Years should bein the Decline of his Life. 1848 MacauLay
Hist. Eng. 1. 269 The king and his heir were nearly of the
same age. Both were approaching the decline of life.
DECLINE.
3. A downward incline, a slope. rare.
1538 Levanp /tin. II. 46 Farington, standing in a stony
Ground in the Decline of an Hille. 1844 Mech. Mag. XL.
397 The frightful precipitation of a railway train down a
decline. 1859 R. F. Burton Centr. Afr. in Frul. Geog. Soc.
XXIX. 237 §1 On the decli more precipi than Swiss
terraces, manioc and cereals grow luxuriantly.
Decline (déklein), v. Also 4-6 declyne.
[a. F. décline-r (Chans. Roland 11th c.), ad. L.
déclinare to turn or bend away or aside from the
straight course, etc., f. De- I. 2 + -clindre (in
comb.) to bend, cognate with Gr. «Aiv-ew to bend,
and Teut. *lindjan, OSax. hlinén to lean. In
the sense-development the prefix de- has also been
taken in the sense ‘down’, of which there is little
trace in L. déclindre.]
I. Intransitive senses. * 70 turn aside, deviate.
+1. To turn or bend aside; to deviate (from the
straight course) ; to turn away. Obs.
c1325 £. E. Allit. P. A. 333 Now rech I neuer for to
declyne, Ne how fer of folde bat man me fleme. 14..Z/ipA.
in Tundale’s Vis. 122 No thyng may be hyd from thy
presence Ne from thyne eye declyne ne astart. 1483 Cax-
ton Gold. Leg. 65/4 Dauid said what haue I doo. .and de-
clyned fro hys brother to other of the peple. 1555 Eben
Decades 1 Colonus directynge his visage towarde the weste
.- declining somwhat towarde the left hande, sayled on
forwarde xxxiii. dayes. 1632 LitHcow Trav. vi. 291
Againe night we declined towards Gaza. 1691 Ray Creation
1. (1704) 62 A line..much declining from the Object. 1703
MaunpreELt Yourn. Ferus. (1732) 57 Here we began to de-
cline from the Sea-Coast. 1778 Be. Lowtu Transl. [saiah
(ed. 12) 55 Turn aside from the way; decline from the
straight path. 1839 Lincarp Hist. Eng. (ed. 4) XI. 286 The
few individuals who ventured abroad..when they met, de-
clined on opposite sides, to avoid the contact of each other.
+b. To turn aside from (anything) so as to
avoid it: cf. the trans. sense in 12. Obs.
1526 Prlgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 93 b, Wecan not beare y®
presence of our neyghbour. . but ’declyne from his company.
1563 Foxe A. & A/.723b, Naturally euery creature declineth
gladly from that thyng which goth about to hurt it.
. &. Astron.and Geog. To deviate, diverge, or
fall away from the equator (formerly also, from the
ecliptic) ; to have DECLINATION (sense 7). Ods.
1 Cuaucer Asfrol, 1. § 21 Pat on half [of the Zodiac]
declinith sowthward, & pat other northward. /déd. 11. §17
The Ecliptic lyne: fro which lyne alle Planetes som tyme
declinen north or south. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 7rav. 200
Java is an Ile..declining seven degrees from the A°quator
towards the Antarctique Pole. 1726 tr. Gregory's Astron.
I. 331 At London the least Twilight is when the Sun declines
from the Equator towards the South 64 7’.
+b. Dealling. Of a vertical plane: To have an
aspect oblique to the prime vertical or to the
meridian ; to have DECLINATION (sense 9). Ods.
1593 Fate Dialling 4 The East and West are not said to
decline, because the declination is accounted from the south
and North to the direct East and West points. 1669
Sturmy Mariner's Mag. vu. x. 15 AB is a Wall or Plane
declining East..so much as the Wall bendeth from the East
Azimuth, so much doth his Pole at P decline or bend from the
Meridian. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 311 The South Erect
Plane, declining more or less towards the East or West.
+c. Of the magnetic needle: To deviate from
the true north and south line; cf. DECLINATION 8.
1662 J. Davies tr. Olearius’ Voy. Ambass. 180 In that
place the needle declin’d 22 degrees from the North, to-
wards the West. 1674 BoyLe Excell. Theol. u. v. 215 The
magnetick needle not onely declining in many places from
the true points of N. and g but..varying in tract of time
its declination in the self-same place.
+3. fig. To tum aside in conduct ; esp. to swerve
or fall away (from rectitude, duty, allegiance, in-
structions, etc.). Ods.
©1374 Cuaucer Boeth. w. vii. 145 Of hem pat eschewen
and declinen fro vices and taken be weye of vertue. cr
tr. De Imitatione 1. xx. 24 Ner lete hem not lijtly decline
to outwarde consolacions. 1 Act 11 Hen. VII, ce. 1 § 2
Persones .. which shall hereafter declyne from .. their seid
alli 21507 C c. Bdij, Alas why .. so un-
kyndl from hym declyne That is our god so gracyous.
1558 cnc First Blast (Arb.) 31 Frome the highest to the
lowest, all were declined frome the. a@1580 Farrant’'s
Anthem, ‘Lord, for thy tender mercies’ sake’, Give us
grace to amend our sinful lives, to decline from sin and in-
cline to virtue. 16x Biste Ps. cxix. 157 Yet doe I not de-
cline from thy testimonies. 1728 Newron Chronol. Amended
vi. 352 They declined from the worship of this Eternal
Invisible Goa. 1749 F. Smiru Voy. Il. 201 He had formed
a Design. .of declining from his Instructions. e :
+b. To turn aside from the subject, in speaking
or writing; to di Obs.
3544 Puaer Regim. Lyfe (1560) N vb, Here I have de-
clined by occasion, but now to our intent. 1600 HoLtanp
Livy 1x. ie = a, I have nothing lesse sought..than to
digresse and aad [declinarem] more than was needfull,
from the order and course of mine historie.
+e. Of things: To diverge, deviate (in character,
excellence, etc.) from. Obs.
1615 G. SANpys /rav. 12 There is a Bannia, which little
declines from the state of a Temple. 1632 J. Haywanrop tr.
Biondi's Eromena 174 Nor doth thy last alleaged excuse ..
decline any whit from thy other reasons.
+ 4. fig. To incline or lean Zo. Obs.
1 . Copcann Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., It is set in the
myddes of the brest, nat declynynge to one parte more than
toanother. 1580 Frampton Monardes’ Med. agst. Venome
127 The Bezaar stone is..full of spottes, declining to the
colour of a sad blewe. — Dial. Yron 151b, Yron..doth
more decline to be hot than colde. 1§90 Suaxs. Com. Err.
ul, ii, 44 Your weeping sister is no wife of mine..Farre
| almost.
| day ancient grows.
‘ 102
more, farre more, to you doe I decline. @ 1636 HoLLanp
(Webster), That purple luster..declineth in the end to the
color of wine. 1671 tr. Palafox’s Cong. China xi. 230 It
was guctdy perceived to which side the victory declined,
{ Not to consent or agree (to do something); to
refuse. See sense 13.
** To slope, incline, or bend downward.
5. To deviate from the horizontal or vertical
position ; to have a downward inclination, to slant
or slope downward.
1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 298 On south and este se that
it [the land] faire enclyne.. But from the colde Septemptrion
declyne. 1 Torsett Four-f. Beasts (1658) 159 Some
lain place..declining by the s of some four or five
Eurlem s. 1665 Sir T. Hersert 77av. (1677) 152 The ground
on each side declining gently. 172§ De For Voy. round
World (1840) 258 The way..having first mounted gently
a pleasant slope declined again. 1843 Prescotr Mexico
(1850) I. 5 Table land which .. gradually declines in the
higher latitudes of the north.
6. To bend down, bow down, droop.
a 1400-50 A le.rander 2289 (Dubl. MS.) ‘ My louely Lord’,
quod be lede, and law he declynes. 1598 Row.anps Betray-
ing of Christ 4 Asa fruitfull tree the more it is fruitladen,
the more it declineth. a@1612 Donne Biathan. (2644) 1
Our heads decline after our death by the slackness o} she
sinews and muscles. 1632 Litucow 7rav. u. 49 The weari-
some creatures of the world declining to their rest. 1749
Fiecpinc Tom Yones vi. viii, His eyes were eagerly fixed
on Sophia, and hers declining towards the ground. 1891
T. Harpy 7Zess I. 10 Declining from his sitting position ..
(he] stretched himself. .among the daisies.
+7. To come down, fall, descend, sink. Ods.
a 1400-50 Alexander 2714 (Ashm. MS.) He pat enhansis
him to he3e, pe heldire he des) nes. 1602 SHAks. Ham, u.
ii. 500 His Sword Which was declining on the Milkie head
Of Reuerend Priam, seem’d i’ the air to stick.
+b. To descend in lineage. Ods. rare.
1598 Yonc Diana 98 On th’ one side Dukes most excellent
decline, And from the other scepter, throne, and crowne.
8. Of the sun or other heavenly body : To descend
in the sky after culmination ; to sink towards setting.
c1430 Lypc. Compl. Bl. Kut. xcii, Er that thy bemes go
up to declyne, And er that thou now go fro us adoune. 1513
Dovucias Aénets x. xiv. 194 Be this the son declynyt was
1607 Row.anns Fam, Hist, 22 The Sun declines,
1812 WoopHousE A stron. xxx. 299 As
the Moon, having passed the meridian, declines. 1837
Disraeit Venetia 1. ii, The sun was beginning to decline.
b. transf. Said of the day (evening, etc.), also
fig. of one’s life: To draw towards its close.
(Often with mixture of sense Io.)
1697 [see Dectininc ffl. a. 3). 1704 F. Futter Med.
Gymn. (1711) 108 When People decline in Years, there are
some extraordinary Means requisite. 1724 De For Mem.
Cavalier (1840) 146 The day declined. 1770 LANGHORNE
Plutarch (1879) 1.152/1 The summer was now declining. 1871
R.Extts Catudlus xi. 94 The day declines. Forth, fair bride.
9. fig. To fall morally or in dignity, to sink (to
evil courses, etc., or to an unworthy object).
(Now only Z/erary, and after Shaks.)
[c 1440 Gesta Rom. \xiv. 279 (Add. MS.) But that in no wise
from hens forward he declyn to synne agayn. 1579 FuLKE
Heskins’ Parl. 485 Many of the elect do decline to vices.)
1602 Suaks. //amt. 1. v. 50 Oh Hamlet, what a falling off
was there, From.me, whose loue was of that dignity .. and
to decline Vpon a wretch, whose Naturall gifts were poore
To those of mine. 1667 Mitton P. L. xu. 97 Yet somtimes
Nations will decline so low From vertue. 1691 E. Taytor
Behmen's Theos. Philos. xx. 30 The direful shameful state
Adam declined into. 1708 Swirt Sent. Church of Eng. Man,
He declines . . from his office of presiding over the whole, to
be the head of a party. 1842 ‘Tennyson Locksley Hall 43
Having known me—to decline On a range of lower feelings
and a narrower heart than mine !
10. fig. To fall off or fail in’ force, vigour, or
vitality ; to decay, wane, diminish, decrease; to fall
from prosperity or excellence, to deteriorate.
1530 Parser. oes Whan thynges be at the hyghest, than
they begyn to declyne. 1577 tr. Bullinger Decades
the
DECLINE.
Pseudo Martyr 185 The immensnesse .. auerts me from
beleeuing it to bee just, so doeth this also decline me that
they will not bee brought to tell vs, etc. 1617 Beaum. & Fi.
Vadent. 1. i, Nor any way decline you to discredit. 1633 Br.
Hawt Hard Texts 175 When I w doe good I am in the
meane while declined to evill. ¢ 1634 Strarrorp in Brown-
ing Life (1890) 129 This alliance shall not decline me from
those more eens duties I owe my master. 1658 Stincssy
Diary (1836) 207 Sundry disputes with sinewy Arguments
to decline my opinion.
+c. In physical sense: To cause to deviate, de-
flect (from a straight course, etc.). Ods.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. u. ii. 59 Contrary poles or
faces attract each other, as the North the South, and the like
decline each other, as the North the North. 1692 BenTLey
Boyle Lect, ii. 71 A yf jg that may decline it a little from
a straight Line. did. 137 How can he conceive, that any
parcel of dead matter can spontaneously divert and decline
it self from the line of its motion.
+d. vefl. To withdraw oneself, turn away. Ods.
@ 1635 Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 49 Rawleigh. .under-
took a new peregrination, to leave. .the Court..and, by de-
clining yen and by absence, to expell his, and the
passion of his enemies.
+12. To turn aside from ; to get or keep out of
the way of ; to avoid, shun. Ods. (or m in 13.)
tek ensell we declyne. 4508 Pules Per? (W. de W, 1231)
mekill emell we declyne. 1; ilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531)9
What company to vse, & whome to declyne and eschewe.
1607 Torse.t, Four-f. Beasts (1658) 452 aio they meet
them in some path way where the man cannot decline the
Beast, nor the Beast the Man. 1656 Trapp Comm. Matt.
vii. 13 Certain dangerous rocks..carefully to be declined.
1705 Pursnaut Mech. Macrocosm 145 In Autumn, when the
Sun declines us, and its Tendency is towards the Southern
Hemisphere. a1711 Ken Prefaratives Poet. Wks. 1721
IV. 49 Guilty sinners, self-condemn'd, iring to decline
their Fate. 1761 New Companion Fest. & Fasts xx. § 2. 177
When the fire of persecution breaks out among us, we have
our Lord’s permission by all prudent and honourable
methods to decline it.
13. To turn away from — suggested or
presenting itself) as from a thing which one is un-
willing to take up, undertake, or engage in; to
withhold oneself from; not to consent to engage
in, practise, or do. Now only with nouns of action :
to decline a discussion, contest, challenge, etc. : cf.c.
1631 Star Chamb. Cases (Camden) 58 That St Arthur
Savage should humbly acknowledge that he had committed
a great offence. .S* Arthur declyned this acknowledgement.
1643 Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. 1. § 6, I have no Genius to
disputes in Religion, and have often thought it wisedome to
decline them. 1672 Petty Pol. or 320 Declining all
military means of settling and securing Ireland in peace and
plenty. ¢1750 JoHNnson, Melissa .. gained the victory b
declining the contest. 1754 RicHarpson Grandison D
xxviii. 206 What must the man have been that had declined
his aid in a distress soalarming. 1786 Burke W. Hastings
Wks. 1842 II. 187 Bristow, declining the violent attempt on
the life of Almas Ali, deceitfully ordered by the said Warren
Hastings. 1793 — Conduct of Minority ibid. 1. 617 To
throw an odium upon those who were obliged to decline the
cause of justice from their impossibility of supporting a
cause which they approve. 1806 Surr Winter in Lond.
(ed. 3) I. 11 The fisherman. .at one moment was on the point
of setting out for Brighton immediately, and the next de-
clined it till the morning. 1824 T. Jerrerson Wit. (1830)
IV. 407, I decline all newspaper controversy. 1848 Macau-
Lay Hist. ying. xiv, They far more readily forgive a com-
mander who loses a battle than a der who decli:
one.
b. Not to consent or agree to doing, or to do
(something suggested, asked, etc.) ; hence, practic-
ally=RerusE: but without the notion of active
repulse or rejection conveyed by the latter word,
and therefore a milder and more courteous expres-
sion. (Constr. vd/. sb., inf.; also absol. or intr.)
@ 1691 Boye (J.), That would not be to render a reason of
the thi , but, in effect, to decline rendering any.
1696 tr. Du Mont’s Voy. Levant 288, I cannot reasonably
(3592) 515 After the subuersion of Hier
mpire began to decline. 1 Morey J/ntrod. Mus.
182 Your health, which I feare is already declining. 1
Suaks. Cor. 1. i. 197 Who's like to rise, Who thriues, an
who declines. 1687 WALLER (J.), That empire must decline,
Whose chief support and sinews are of coin. 1697 DrypEN
Virg. Geogg. u. 435 When A 1 Warmth decli
onl Younc Love Fame v. 517 She grants, indeed, a lad
may decline (All ladies but herself) at ninety-nine. 181
Jas. Mitt Brit. India I. v. viii. 675 The net territorial
revenues .. instead of increasing, actually declined.
1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xxvi, Eva after this
declined rapidly : there was no more any doubt of the event.
1888 M. Rosertson Lombard St. Myst. iv, Mr. Alldis had
daclinad ¢ oe) bly in hi . .
his jon.
II. Transitive senses.
* 70 cause to turn aside, to avert; to turn aside
Srom, avoid, refuse.
+11. To turn aside (/i¢. and fig.): a. To avert.
¢1430 Lync. Bochas v1. iv. (1554 151a, For remedies..
Was prouided theyr malice to declyne. 1606 HoLLanp
Sueton. Annot. 25 Counterfeiting a woman, thereby to
decline suspicion. 1638 Cowrey Love's Riddle v, Thanks
to the juster Deities for declining From both the Dai A
and from me the Sin. @1661 Futter Worthies (3840) LIT.
22 Here Johnson lies: could physic fence Death's dart,
Sore death had been declined by his art. 1750 Jonnson
Rambler No. 31 ? 5 Subterfuges and evasions are sought to
decline the pressure of resistless arguments.
+b. To turn (a person) aside from or ¢o a course
of conduct, from duty, etc. ; to divert. Ods.
a 1555 Latimer Serm. §& Rem. (1845) 230 Of them which
decline their ear from hearing the law of God, 1610 Donne
tread in their footsteps. 1865 Cartyte Fredk. Gt. VI.
ro xv. 314, I declined satisfying his curiosity.
. 12 Jan, 3/2 The Op ..
their . Mod. He was invited, but declined.
we accept or decline?
ce. Not to accept (something offered) ; implying
polite or courteous refusal.
cxgx2a Appison (J.), She generously declined them [the
lories of this world], because she saw the acceptance of
ion was inconsistent with religion. 1771 SMottetr Hump
CZ. (L.), The squire said they could not decently decline]
visit. 1833 Ht. Martineau Manch, Strike vii. 84
aware of this, Allen would have declined the gift.
Turriwate Greece IV. xxxiii. 312 Arius declined the offer
of the Greeks. 1884 G. Aten PAilistia 11. 18 Writing maga-
zine articles..which were invariably declined with t
+14. Sc. Law. To refuse, disown, or formally
object to the jurisdiction of (a judge or court). Cf.
DeEcLINATOR *, DECLINATURE I. ? Ods.
¢ Henryson Tale of Dog 49 Thairfoir as juge suspect,
I yor dectyas. 1638 S) Relat. State ‘Kirk Scot. aI
The Supplicants declined the Bishops from their
ludges, as now their parties. @1715 Burnet Own
Time (ba ) I. 193 He —_ not arpear bo ow he
ing is i 0, he said, were not judges
of matters of doctrine. 1754. ERSKINE "Princ. Se. Law
(1809) 18 A judge may be declined, i.e. his
owned judicially, 1. ratione causa, from a geet
to the special cause brought before him. 186x W. Bett.
Dict. Law Scot. s.v. Declinature, A judge who is a partner
in a trading company may be declined in a question where
the interest of that company is
i eet ee ete
DECLINED.
+15. To abandon, forsake, give up (a practice).
1672 Petty Pol. Anat, 368 As for the interest of these
poorer Irish, it is manifestly to be transmuted into English. .
so as to decline their language hg idea Addr, Prot. U1.
4 The Christians had declin’d the Simplicity of their own
Religion and grew Curious and Wanton. 1699 BenTLEy
Pha. 317 Herodotus, Dionysius Halic. etc. had great reason
to deciians the use of their vernacular Tongue, as improper
for History. 1749 Frecpinc Tom og xiv. viii, Having
acquired a very good fortune, he had lately declined his
business.
** 7 cause to bend down, descend, or slope.
16. To bend down, bow down, lean.
@ 1400-50 Alexander 5322 And hitterly on ilk side his
heued he declines. a@ 1547 SurREY Aeneid 1v. 239 Ne doth
decline to the swete sleepe her eyes. 1583 Stusses Avat.
Abus. 1. (1879) 55 As they can verie hardly eyther stoupe
downe, or decline them selues to the grounde. 1697 Potrer
Antig. Greece W. V. (1715) 202 Another Token of Dejection
was, to decline their Heads upon their Hands. 1814 SoutHry
Roderick xvii, He sate with folded arms and head declined
Upon his breast. 1856 Bryant Poems, Summer Wind 11
e clover droops..and declines its blooms.
+b. To move or direct obliquely downwards.
1g.. SPENSER (J.), And now fair Phoebus ’gan decline in
haste, His weary waggon to the western vale. 1725 Pope
Odyss. 1v. 145 His good old Sire with sorrow to the tomb
Declines his trembling steps. A
+17. To lower, bring down, depress, bring low,
degrade, debase. Zit. and fig. Obs.
a 1400-50 Ale.vander 2334, 1 bar pompe and paire pride
to poudire declined. 1599 Daniet Let, Octavia Wks. 1717
I. 72 For I could never think the aspiring Mind Of worthy
and victorious Anthony, Could be by such a Syren so
declin’d. 1621 Fretcuer /s/. Princess 1. i, A dull labour
that declines a gentleman. _@ 1649 Drumm. or Hawrtu.
Hist. Jas. I, Wks. (1711) 15 To decline the rank growth of
these usurpers. 1659 D. Pett Jr. Sea 131 The more they
run Northward, the more they .. raise the Septentrional
Pole, and decline the Austral. ¢1790 Imison Sch. Art 1. 236
‘To elevate or decline the glass according to the sun’s altitude.
8. To cause to slant or slope, incline downwards.
1578 Banister Hist, Man. 30 Those partes beyng also
flat..but somewhat inward declined et all; xz6ra: J.) J;
Henry Camp. agst. Quebec 149 Built ona plain pretty much
declined towards the street. 1849 Ruskin Sev. Lavzps iv.
§ 23. 113 The uprightness of the form declined against the
marble ledge.
+19. To undervalue, disparage, depreciate. Ods.
1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. x1. ix, She can not declyne The
noble science, whiche, after poverte, Maye bryng a man
agayne to dignitie. 1626 Suirtey Brothers 1. i, Unless you
disaffect His person, or decline his education. 1649 Sir E.
Nicuoras in V. Papers (Camden) I. 143 Whatis here said is
not with intencion to undervallue or decline y® Presbiterians.
*** To inflect grammatically,
20. Gram. To inflect (a noun, adjective, or pro-
noun) through its different cases ; to go through or
recite in order the cases of. (Cf, DECLENSION 4.)
Also used more widely, or loosely, of verbs (for which the
proper word is ConyuGaTE).
1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 327 (Matz.) 3if pou canst
declyne pilke tweye names and speke Latyn. 1398 — Barth.
De '» xv. xc. (1495) 839 Rinoceron is declined, hic
Rinoceron, huius Rinocerontis. 1 Patser. 65 Of whiche
{1x partes of speche] v be declined, that is to say varie their
last letters : article, nowne, pronowne, verbe and participle.
1612 BrinsLey Lud. Lit. vi. (1627) 56 Of these eight parts,
the foure first onely are such as may be declined. 1654
Trapp Comm. Ps. xvi. 4 It was the Serpents grammar that
first taught man to decline God in the plurall number. a 1843
Soutuey Doctor (1862) 40 That verb is eternally being de-
clined, 1871 Rosy Lat, Gram. 1. § 339 The substantive
stems in -a (chiefly feminine), and the fe ine form of those
adjectives which have stems in -o, are declined alike.
+b. ¢ransf. To say or recite formally or in de-
finite order. Ods.
1594 Suaxs. Rich. IIT, 1. iv. 97 Decline all this, and see
what now thou art. 1606 — 77. § Cr. u. iii. 55 Ile declin
the whole question. 1627 Drayton 4. aged 2o1 That you
no harsh, nor shallow rimes decline, Vpon that day wherein
you shall read mine.
Declined (dékloind, foe?. déklei‘néd), ppl. a.
[f. Decuine v, + -ED1.] Turned aside, deflected ;
sloped, oblique ; brought low, debased, decayed ;
advanced towards its close: see the verb.
1591 Declar. Gt. Troubles in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) I1. 210
Now in his declined yeeres, 1593 SHaxs. Lucr. 1705 My
low declined Honor to aduance. 1667 Hate Prim. Orig.
Man. 1. i. 10 Their declined Motions. 1792 Mrs. C. Smiru
Dd. @ 1, 129 Ecclesiastics..whose declined authority..
you regret. 1798 Wasuincton Le?, Writ. (1893) XIV. 38
My earnest wish, that the choice had fallen on a man less
declined in years.
Hence Decli‘nedness.
1648 Br. Hatt Select Thoughts § 68 The common fault of
age, loquacity, is a plain evidence of the world’s declined-
ness.
+Declinement. Obs. rare.
+-MENT.] = DECLINATURE.
1680 Privy Council Proc. Edin. in Cloud of Witnesses
(1810) 30 The causes of his declinement are, because they
have usurped the supremacy over the church..and have
established idolatry, perjury, and other iniquities.
Decliner (d‘kloinoz). [-zn1.] One who or
that which declines.
+1. One who turns aside, deviates, or falls away
(from his duty or allegiance, or from an approved
standard of conduct or belief). Ods.
16or Dent Pathw. Heaven 259 Backsliders, Decliners,
and cold Christians. 165: Baxter //f. Baft. 193 Censured
as decliners or erroneous. 1684 Renwick Serm. iv. (1776) 44
All that join with decliners in an ill time,
[f. Drctine z.
* 103
2. One who refuses or waives; in Sc. Law, one
who declines the jurisdiction of a judge or court.
1639 R. Baur Lett. I. 161, A chief declyner of the As-
semblie. 1641 Evetyn Diary (1871) 20 My Father .. (who
was one of the greatest decliners of it). 1748 RicHaRDsoN
Clarissa (1811) ILI. liv. 301 Do not..be so very melancholy
a decliner as to prefer a shroud, when the matter you wish
for is in your power. ; :
8. Dialling. A plane which (or a dial whose
plane) ‘declines’ or deviates from the meridian or
prime vertical, and therefore does not pass through
any of the four cardinal points.
[1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. vil. xvi. 25 For these East
Recliners be in very deed South Decliners to those that live
go deg. from us Northward or Southward,] 1684 /é7d. (ed. 3)
vu. vi. 118 Direct Dials have their Poles in the Meridian or
prime Vertical, Decliners have their Poles in some other
Azimuth. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 311 Of Decliners
there are infinite; and yet may be reduced into..1, The
South Erect Plane, declining more or less towards the East
or West. 2. The North Erect Plane, declining more or
less towards the East or West.
Declining (d¢klainin), vdZ. sd. [-1NG1.] The
action of the verb DEcLINE, q.v. (Formerly fre-
quent as a sb.; now usually gerundial. )
1. Turning aside, falling away; =DECLENSION 2.
1526 Pilger. Perf (W. de W. 1531) 34 b, Our general labour
must stande in.. declynynge from euyll, and in dylygent
workynge of good. 1574 W. TRavers (¢ztZe), Full and plaine
Declaration of Ecclesiasticall Discipline and off the De-
clininge off the Churche off Englande, 1646 P. ButkeLry
Gospel Covt. wv. 347 In times of general declining, 1650
R. Hottrncwortu Exerc. Usurfed Powers 39 Partiall and
temporary declinings in men from their said integritie.
2. Avoidance (oés.) ; non-acceptance ; refusal.
1607 TorseLt Four-/. Beasts (1673) 111 If any fall or sit
down on the ground and cast away his weapon, they bite
him not; taking that declining for submissive pacification.
1636 Massincer Bashf Lover v.i, There is now No con-
tradiction or declining left: I must and will goon. 1786
Map. D’Arstay Diary 7 Aug., To save myself from more
open and awkward declinings.
8. Gradual sinking or descent ; downward slope
or declivity.
1601 Cornwattyes Disc. Seneca (1631) 7 Being once brought
to that declining, they never leave rolling untill they come
to the bottome of unhappinesse. 1602 Carew Cornwall
145 b, Upon the declyning of a hill the house is seated.
1612 Brerewooo Lang. § Relig. xiii. 139 Pliny, in the de-
rivation of water, requireth one cubit of declining in 240
foot of proceeding. a@ 1703 Pomrrer Poet, Whs. (1833) 9
A short and dubious bliss On the declining of a precipice.
4. Of the sun, etc.: Descent towards setting ;
hence of the day, one’s life, etc.: Drawing to its
close; = DECLINE sé. 2.
1588 A. Kine tr. Canisius’ Catech, I viij, Ye hicht and de-
clyning of ye sone. a@ 1610 Heatey Theophrastus xxvii.
(1636) 92 The going downe of our strength, and the declin-
ing of our age. a@ 1662 Heyiin Land 1. 64 In the declining
of the year 1616.
5. Falling off, decay, decreasing, waning, etc. ;
=DEcUINE sd. 1.
1481 Caxton Myrr. 11. i, 131 Yf the sonne and therthe were
of one lyke gretenesse, this shadowe shold haue none ende,
but shold be all egal without declynyng. 1581 Mu.caster
Positions xxxvii. (1887) 159 All that .. write of the declining
and ruine of the Romain Empire. 1622 Drayton Poly-olb.
xix. (1748) 333 Rest content, nor our declining rue. 1645
Mitton Zetrach, (1851) 201 The next declining is, when law
becomes now too straight for the secular manners, and those
too loose for the cincture of law.
6. Gram. =DECLENSION 4; formerly in wider
sense: Inflexion, including conjugation.
1565-78 Coorer Thesaurus Introd., Nownes and verbes
maye be knowne by their declining. 1599 Minsueu Span.
Gram. 35 The verbes Irregular (in which is found hardnes
and difficultie to the learner for their declining). 1612
Brinstey Pos. Parts (1669) 108 There are certain Adjectives
which have two manner of endings and declinings. . both in
us and is. 1740 J. Crarke Educ. Youth (ed. 3) 82 The
Article is of no Manner of Use for the Declining of Nouns.
Declining, 2//. a. [-1na?.] That declines:
see the verb.
1. Having a downward inclination, sloping down-
wards; oblique.
1 Even 7reat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 14 It standeth in
a p e somewhat declyning. 1571 Diccres Panfom. mt.
¢. , This perpendicular .. in directe solides falleth within
the body, and vppon the base, but in declyning solides,
it falleth without the bodies and bases. 1655-60 STANLEY
Hist. Philos. (1701) 9/2 The height of the great Pyramid
..is by its perpendicular. .499 Feet, by its declining ascent,
693 Feet. 1792 Copper-plate Mag. No. 1 The mansion. .is
approached fe a circular sweep through a declining lawn.
1802-3 tr. Pallas’ Trav. (1812) I. 61 The Volga, which flows
..through a gradually-declining valley.
b. Dialling. Deviating from the prime vertical
or meridian : see DECLINATION 9.
1593 Fave Dialling 4 All such plats as behold ‘eet some
a part of the world directly, are called lining.
he quantity of their declination is found out thus.
1640 Witkins New Planet ii. (1707) 165 In all declining
Dials, the Elevation of whose Pole is less than the Sun’s
greatest Declination. 1669 Sturmy Mariner's a vi.
xvi. 25 All Declining Planes lie in some Azimuth, and cross
one another in the Zenith and Nadir. 1703 Moxon Mech.
Exerc. 311.
2. Bending or bowing down; drooping.
1g96 Suaxs. Tam. Shr. 1. i. 119 With..tempting kisses,
And with declining head. 1776 WitHERING Brit. Plants
(2796) III. 605 Pedicles declining, Flower-scales cloven.
1816 Byron Siege Cor, xix, Declining was his attitude.
DECLIVITY.
3. Of the sun: Sinking towards setting ; trans/.
of the day: Drawing to its close.
¢ 1620 T. Rosinson JZ, Magd. 375 The Sun peep’d in
with his declininge raye. 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. Iv.
273 Nor end their Work, but with declining Day. 1833
Hr. Martineau Vanderput & S. ix. 133 The beams of the
declining sun glistering on the heaving surface. 1834 S.
Rocers Poems 126 ‘Till declining day, Thro’ the green
trellis shoots a crimson ray.
4. Falling off from vigour, excellence, or pros-
perity ; becoming weaker or worse ; failing, waning,
decaying (in health, fortunes, etc.) ; in a decline.
1593 SuHaks. Rich. //, 1. i. 240 In this declining Land.
1603 Knottes Hist. Turks Introd., The long and still de-
clining state of the Christian Commonweale. 1745 De Foe’s
English Tradesman (1841) I. vii. 53, 1 speak it to every
declining tradesman, 1776 Gispon Decl. & F. 1. 401 The
declining health of the emperor Constantius. 1876 J. H.
Newman Hist, Sk. 1. 1. iii, 121 This desolation is no acci-
dent of a declining empire.
b. Of a person’s age, life, years, etc.
of senses 3 and 4.)
1615 Latuam /alconry (1633) 31 Towards their declining
age. 1697 DryDEN Afneid 1x. 638 Thus looks the prop of my
declining years! 1780 JOHNSON Lett. to Mrs. Thrale 18 Apr.,
Declining life is a very awful scene. 1875 Jowrtr Plato
(ed. 2) V. 7 Such a sadness was the natural effect of declining
years and failing powers.
5. That declines (jurisdiction); that refuses to
accept, etc.
1639 Baur Lett. & Frnls. 1. 155 A present excommuni-
cating of all the declyning Bishops.
Declinist. nonce-wd. [f. DECLINE sd. + -18T.]
(See quot.)
1831 WHEWELL in Todhunter Acc. Whewell’s Writ, (1876)
II. 122 [Dr. Brewster] has now chosen to fancy that we are
all banded together to oppose his favourite doctrine of the
decline of science; though the only professor who has
written at all on the subject is Babbage, the leader of the
Declinists. :
Declinograph (d/kloi-nograf). [irreg. f. L.
déclinare (as etymon of declination) +-GRAPH, Gr.
-ypapos writing.] An astronomical instrument or
arrangement for automatically recording the de-
clination of stars with a filar micrometer.
1883 D. Gite in Excycl. Brit. XVI. 256 It is found with
this declinograph on the Berlin equatorial, that the observed
declinations have only a probable error of +09".
Declinometer (dekling‘m/to1). A/agn. [irreg.
f. as prec. + -METER, Gr. pérpov measure. }
1. Afagn. An instrument for measuring the varia-
tion of the magnetic needle.
1858 in Simmonns Dict. Trade. 1870 R. M. Fercuson
Electr. 1g Instruments for determining magnetic declination
are called declination needles or declinometers. 1881 Max-
weit Electr. & Magn. 11. 112 The declinometer gives the
declination at every instant.
2. Astr. An instrument for observing and regis-
tering declination.
1883 D. Git in Encycl. Brit. XVI. 255 Bond’s mica
declinometer. i
[Declinous, Declivant: see List of Spurtous
Words.)
Decli‘vate, @._ [irreg. f. L. décliv-ts: see DE-
CLIVE.] ‘ Descending ; declining ; inclining down-
ward’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1881).
+ Declive (dikloiv), a. Ods. [a. F. déclive
(Paré 16th c. in Surg. sense), ad. L. déclivi's
sloping downward, f. Dr- I, 1 + c/iv-us slope,
hill.J
Sloping downwards.
1635 Swan Sfec. M. vi. § 2 (1643) 188 The waters coming
down from the Caspian hills settling themselves in those
declive and bottomie places where the said Sea is. 1644
Dicsy Nat. Bodies xx. (1658) 228 An easier and more declive
bed. 1669 W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 284 Declive currents
out of brooks.
+ Declived, a. Obs.
or ?error for declined.]
1575 Banister Chyrurg. 1. (1585) 373 Open the skull in
the most bending or declived place.
Declivitous (drkli-vitas), 2. [f. L. type *dé-
clivitos-us, f. déclivitas : see DECLIVITY and -OUS:
cf. Acctivirous.] Having a (considerable) de-
clivity or slope; steep.
1799 R. Warner Walk (1800) 94 The approach to Culbone
church is by a small foot-path, narrow, rugged, and .. de-
clivitous. 31802 Bray ¥7v/. in Mrs. Bray Desc. Devon
(1835) I. 237 The declivitous sides of this tor. 1882 Proc.
Berw. Nat. Club 1X. 454 In descending the next declivitous
hill.
Declivity (dzkliviti). [ad. L. déclivitat-em,
f. dacliv-is ; see DECLIVE and -1Ty. Cf. F. déclivité
(Dict. Acad. 1762).] :
1. Downward slope or inclination (of a hill, etc.).
1612 Brerewoon Lang. § Relig. xiv. 147 It is the property
of water ever to fall that way, where it findeth declivity.
1666 Phil. Trans. 1. 361 With what declivity the Water
runs out of the Euxine Sea into the Propontis. 18:8 Byron
Ch. Har. w. \xvii, Upon a mild declivity of hill. 1860
Hawruorne F”. §& Jt. Frnis. 11. 301 The declivity of most
of the streets keeps them remarkably clean.
2. concr. A downward abe
1695 Woopwarp Nat. Hist. Earth vi. (1723) 280 They
will not flow unless upon a Declivity. 1794 Mrs. RApcLirFe
Myst. Udolpho i, A grove which st on the brow of a
entle declivity. 1860 TynDALt Glac. 1. viii. 58, I could see
the stones. .jumping down the declivities, ;
(Mixture
[f. L. declivs (see prec.)
DECLIVOUS,.
Declivous (d/kloi-ves), a. [f. L. décliv-us,
rare var. of décliv-is (see Dxciive) + -ous: cf.
Acciivous.] Having a downward inclination ;
sloping, slan (Now zare exc. as in b.)
- 684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. v. 141 Pus ., may this way
better run out, because of the more declivous site of the open-
ing. a@1722 Liste Husb. (1752) 173 On a ground declivous
fromthe sun. 1786 Gitet Pict, Beauty Cumbrid. (1808) 1,
xiv. 211 We left the Derwent in its declivous course between
two mountains. 1853G. Jonnston Nat. Hist. Z. Bord. 1.
251 This hurries along as the gap deepens, and becomes, at
every step, more declivous.
b. sfec. in Zool. Sloping downwards.
1847 JounsTon in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club U1. 228 Rostrum
long, tapered, porrect, declivous. 1877 Cours Fur Anim.
iv. 99 rontal profile. .strongly declivous.
+ Decli'vy, 2. Obs. rare. [f. L. déclivi-s: cf.
— Sloping downwards.
1609 Heywoop Brit. Troy vu. xii. 143 There is a steépe
declivy way lookes downe.
+ Declo'se, v. Ols. rare. [See Dz- 1.6] =
DISCLOSE.
14.. Prose Legends in Anglia VIII. 115 It maye not be
perceyued pat she holdith be sacramente in hir moupe .. or
swolowes or declosep hit in her moube.
+ Decorct, 53. Obs. rare—'. [ad. L. décoct-um
sb., prop. neuter of pa. pple. décoct-us: see next.]
A decoction.
155% Turner Herbal 1. (1568) Oija, To e the decoct or
broth of it wyth wyne vnto nurses, when they want mylke.
+ Decoct, p/.a. Obs. [ad. L. décoct-us, pa.
pple. of décogu-cre to boil down or away. In
earlier use, both as pple. and adj., than Dxcoct v.,
after the introduction of which this continued for
some time as its pa. pple., till gradually superseded
| the regular decocted.]
. Decocted; subjected to heat; digested, etc. :
see the verb.
c1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 650 Puls decoct and colde.
I Fisner Penit. Ps. Wks. (1876) 177 The hete of thy
charyte whereby we may be decocte and made harde as
stones. 1533 Etyot Cast. Helth (1541) 9a, Matter decocte |
or boyled in the stomacke. 1545 RaynoLp Byrth Mankynide
i. vi. (1634) 122 Wine in which is decoct Motherwort. 1671
Satmon Syn. Med. ui. xxii. 434 The root decoct in water |
purgeth Flegm and Choller.
2. Bankrupt. (L. décoguére to run through one’s
estate, become bankrupt. |
1829 Wotsey 70 Ambassadors at Rome (MS. Cott. Vit.
B. xi. f. 83), The banker of Venice, to whom ye wer assigned
by Anthony Viualde for viij™ ducates is decoct.
Decoct (dékp*kt), v. [f. Decocr ff/. a. or L.
décoct-, ppl. stem of décogu-cre to boil down or
away, f. De- I. 3 b + cogudre to boil, cook.]
+1. To boil down or away; to concentrate by
boiling. Ods.
1538 Levanp /#in. IV. 111 The Wychmen use the Com-
modity of their Sault Springes in drawinge and decocting
the Water of them onely by 6 Monthes in the Yeare. 1548
Vicary Englishm. Treas. (1626) 177 Let all these be decocted
to the forme of a ee He 1620 VENNER Via Recta (1650)
141 This being the third time diluted and decocted.
Fig. ax66x FuLLER Worthies (1840) I. ii, 7 A Proverb is
much matter decocted into few words.
+ 2. fig. To diminish, consume, waste. Ods. [So
L. déco ucre.)
1629 Carpenter Achitophel m1. 54 To haue decocted
his fortunes and an ancient family. 1654 H. L'’Estrance
Chas. I (1655) 130 Had he wasted and decocted_ his
Treasure in luxury and riot. @1677 Barrow Serm. Wks.
1716 I. 123 When the predominant vanities of the age are
somewhat decocted.
+38. To prepare as food by the agency of fire ;
to boil, cook. Ods.
cx420 [see Decocr ffl. a.]. 1547 Boorne Brev. Health
cccxxxv. 108 b, As the fyre doth decocte the meates and the
broth in the pot, so doth the liuer vnder the stomake decoct
the meat in mannes body. 1657 Tomtinson Renou's Disp.
66 Flesh is decocted at the fire on a spit.
+b. transf. To warm up, as in cooking. Ods.
1599 Suaxs. Hen. V, m1. v. 20 Can sodden Water. . Decoct
their cold blood to such valiant heat ?
+4. To digest in the stomach. (Regarded as a
kind of cooking; cf. Concoct v. 4.) Also fig.
1533 {see Decocr Af/. a.]. 1542 Boorpe Dyetary ix. (1870)
250 A surfyt is whan. .the lyuer, whiche is the fyre vnder the
potte..can not naturally nor truely decocte, defye, ne
dygest, the superabundaunce of meate & drynke the whiche
is in the potte or stomacke. 1547 [see prec.]. 1592 Davies
Immort. Soul xi. ii. (1714) 64 There she decocts, and doth
the Food prepare. 1608 S. Hieron 2nd Pt. Def. Ministers’
Reas. Refus. Subscription 121 More gredily disposed to
devoure and swallowe..then to decocte and reteine.
+5. To prepare or mature (metals or mineral
ores) by heat. (Pertaining to old notions of
natural science: cf. Concocr v, 2.) Obs.
1505 [see Decocr ffl. a.]. 1610 GUILLIM Heraldry 11.
vi. (1660) 126 Metals are bodies capers Ee and are
decocted in the veins of the Earth. 1653 H. Cocan Diod.
Sic. 231 The iron which is made of these stones decocted in
furnaces, hay Axton into pieces.
+6. fs 0 prepare, devise, Concoor. Obs. rare.
1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. 1. iii, What villanie are
they decocting now? 1613 T. Mittes Treas. Aunc. § Mod.
Times 718/ A word to win — must be quickly de-
cocted, woorking upon some sudden and unexpected thing.
7. To boil so as to extract the soluble parts or
principles ; to prepare a decoction of.
Compl. Disp. 112 This Plant affords a ve’
| tion in the second digestion.
| 1. ix. 36 The stomack hath a decoction to digest the meats | course of growth, the animal ceases to occupy the apex, and
104 °
1545 [see Decocr ffi. a.]. 1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's
B wysicke 79/% te a vivificente Eele, in a pot of
water, skimme therof the axungietye of the Eele, reserve
the same, & let it stand a certayn time. 1664 Evetyn
Sylva (1679) 29 Young red Oaken leaves decocted in wine,
make an excellent gargle for a sore mouth. 1743 Lond. &
Country Brew. at. (ed. 8) t0r The common Way of infusing
and decocting Herbs a od Time, is injurious to Health.
Hence Decorcted ff/. a.
@ 1593 MartoweE /gnoto, To do thee good, I'll freely Ha
any Weiesdosoomed lood (cf, Concoction 1 b]. 1616 R. C.
Times’ Whistle vi. 2770 Fine gellies of decocted sparrowes
bones. 1725 BrapLey Mam. Dict.s.v.Sailet, Some few tops
of the decocted Leaves may be admitted.
Decorctible, a. vare-°. [f. L. décoct- ppl.
stem: see Decoct and -BLE.] Capable of being
decocted.
So Buiount Glossogr., Decoctible, easie to be sodden or
boyled. 1730-6 in Bartey (folio). Hence in Jounson, etc.
Decoction (dikgkfan). Also 4-5 -cyon, 5-6
-cioun, 6 decokcien. [a. OF. decoction, -cocciun
(13th c.), ad. L. décoction-em, n. of action f. déco-
guére to DEcoctT.]
1. The action of decocting; esf. boiling in water
or other liquid so as to extract the soluble parts or
principles of the substance.
c1430 Lyne. Min. Poems (1840) 82 (MAtz.) The coke by
mesour sesonyth his potages.. By decoccioune to take theyr
avauntages. 1502 AKNoLDE Chron. 165 Moysted wt water
of the decokcien of benes. 1 Timme Quersit. 1. vi. 24
The airey..parts. .are separated by decoction. 1718 Quincy
soft mucilagin-
ous Substance in Decoction. 1807 T. THomson Chem.
(ed. 3) II. 357 Catechu. .is a substance obtained by decoction
and evaporation from a species of mimosa which abounds in
India.
+b. Digestion. Ods.
1533 Evyor Cast. Helth (1541) 8 b, By insufficient decoc-
i 1658 A. Fox Wurtz’ Surg.
he feedeth on.
+2. Maturing or perfecting by heats esp. of
metals or mineral ores. Ods.
(Pertaining to old notions as to the composition and forma-
tion of metals: cf. Concoction 2.)
1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy w. xxxiii, To white he tourneth
with his beames shene Both sede and graine by decoction.
1555 Even Decades 334 By the helpe of fermentacion and
decoction of the minerall’heate. 1577-87 Harrison England
ut, xi. 237 The substance of sulphur and quicksiluer being
mixed in due proportion, after long and temperate decoction
in the bowels of the earth.. becommeth gold, 167% :
Wesster Metallogr. iv. 73 According to the variety of the
degrees of decoction and alteration, into divers metallick
forms. . ae ae
+3. Reduction by evaporation in boiling, boiling
down ; fig. reduction. Obs.
16s0 Futter Pisgah 1, u. viii. 174 The body of his men
remaining was still too big, and must pass another decoction.
165s — Ch. Hist. wu. v. §34 Four and twenty prime per-
sons were chosen. .which soon after (to make them the more
cordiall) passed a decoction, and were reduced to three.
4. A liquor in which a substance, usually animal
or vegetable, has been boiled, and in which the
principles thus extracted are dissolved; sfec. as
a medicinal agent.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvi. ciii. (Tollem. MS.),
Pis ston [lapis lazuli] schal not be 3eue with decoccyon.
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg, 216 Waische be place 4 oe
decoccioun of camomille. 1563 T. Gate Antidot.u. 8 De-
coctions. .be liquors and other Lg seg af together and
then strayned. 1607 Torsett Four Beasts (1673) 332
A ‘decoction’ is..the broath of certain hearbs or simples
boyled together in water till the third part be consumed.
1741 Berketey Let, Wks. 1871 1V. 266 The receipt of a de-
coction of briar-roots for the Lloody flux. 18; . Rennie
Alph. Angling, Lines. .tinted by a decoction of oak bark.
Deco'ctive, a. rare—°. [f. L. décoct- ppl. stem
+-IVE.] Pertaining to decoction; having the
quality of decocting.
1727 Baitey vol. II, Decoctive, easily sodden. 1775 in
Asu. 1828 in Weester. Hence in mod, Dicts.
+ Deco'ctor. Ols. rare. [a. L. décoctor, agent-
n. f. décogudre to Drcocr.] One who wastes or
squanders ; a ruined spendthrift.
1615 Crooxe Body of Man 37 Wee..may worthily be
d d s and prodigals, if we keepe not our
Patrimony together. 1622 Matynes Amc. Law-Merch, 224
‘The Ciuilians..haue attributed vnto this kind of people, the
name of Decoctor. .otherwise called disturbers or consumers
of other mens goods in the course of trafficke.
+Deco'cture. O%s.—° [ad. L. décoctiira, f.
decoct-: see Drcoct, and ane] = DECOCTION 4.
1727 Batwey vol. II, Decocture, a ion, a Broth or
pes go wherein things have been boiled. Hence in Jonnson,
mod, Dicts.
+ Devcognize, v. nonce-wd. [f. De- I. 6 +
CoenizE.] trans. To cease or fail to recognize.
1658-9" Burton's Diary (1828) 111. 275 There was no re-
cognition to King Charles, and no need of it.. I can de-
cognize Charles Stuart and that family, but recognize I
cannot,
Decoir, -ment, variants of DECORE, -MENT.
Decoit, Decoity: see Dacorr, -Y.
+Deco'll, v. Ods. [a. F. décolle-r, or ad. L.
décolla-re.| trans. To behead; = DECOLLATE.
pry Deco'lling i. = ae ppl. a. ite
arliamentary Hist.(R.), Byas ron-
Pc decolling ofthe Kine eag Pov ind Liberty
Eng. 19 In the King's own case, whom they decolled. 1653
| becomin;
DECOLORATE.
E. C Cath. Hist, The only decolling instru-
vof Principality od p Rene
+ 4 a. ny or arch, [ad. L. dé-
collat-us. le. of décollare: see next. Be-
headed : 29 aa ]
and Ylecollate. 1868 Buowninc Ring § Bk. xn. 268 All
five, to-day, = suffered death. ‘he, Becolate
it
of priv rest decently and in .
Decoliate (arkeiet, dekpict), . [f L. az-
collat-, ppl. stem of décolla-re to behead, f. Dr- I.
6+collum neck. As adaptation of L. déollat-us,
decollate as pa. pple. was in use before any other
part of the verb: see prec.]
1. “rans. To sever at the neck ; to behead.
1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 30/2 With on
blow beheaded, or decollated. 1635 Hisreooo Hierarch.
vil. 474 Astatue with three heads. .two of them were quite
beat off and the Third was much bruised but not decol-
lated. 1656 H. Puiturs Purch. Patt. (1676) 257 Sir Walter
Rawleigh decollated. 1782 W. F. Martyn Geog. Mag. I.
Site ye eee
in Q. Rev. . 22 jot! eld
ah head just decollated
2. Conch. To break off the apex of (a shell).
1854 Woopwarp Mollusca (1856) 96 The inner coyrses of
this shell —— break away or are ‘decollated’ in the
progress of its growth.
Decollated (see prec.), pf/. a. [f. prec. +-ED.]
1. Severed at the neck ; beheaded, decapitated.
1662 Ocitsy King’s Coronation 3 A Trophy with decol-
lated Heads. 1 Burke Sudl. & B. Introd. 23 A fine
piece of a decollated head of St. John the Baptist was shewn
toa Turkish emperor. a1845 Baruam J/ngol. Leg., Fe:
Farvis's Wig, Speaking of the decollated Martyr St.Dennis's
walk with his head under his arm.
2. Conch. Of a spiral shell: Truncated at the
| apex.
This occurs normally in some univalve molluscs; in the
throws a partition across, when the dead part breaks off.
1847 CARPENTER Zool. $909 A shell thus deprived of its
apex is said to be decollated. 1854 Woopwarp Mollusca
iv. (1856) 45 The deserted apex is sometimes very thin, and
ead and brittle, it breaks away, leaving the shell
, or decollated. :
lation (dzkpléi-fon). [a. F. décollation
(13th c. in Hatzfeld), ad. L. décollation-em, n. of
action f. décollare : see prec.)
1. The action of decollating or beheading; the
fact of being beheaded; sfec. in Obstetric Surg.,
severance of the head from the body of a foetus.
Feast of the Decollation of St. Fohn the Baptist: a
festival in the Roman, Greek, and other Christian churches
in cc ation of the beheading of St. John the Baptist,
observed on bape of August.
1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) IV. 345 Ober men telleb pat
it is nou3t be feste of pe decollacioun, Jbid. V. 49 (Matz.) Of
the decollacioun of Seint John. 1485 Caxton St. Wenefr. 13
The lyf whiche she after hyr decollacion lyued by the space
of 15 yere. 1494 Fasyan Chron. m1. 462 In this xxv. yere,
aboute the feast of the Decollacion of Seynt Iohn are
1647 Wuarton /reland’s War Wks. (1683) 262 The -
lation of saat Queen of Scots. 1654 Vitvain Zfit. Ess.
vii. 31 A fourth is added of King Charls decollation.
W. Hovces 7rav. India 91 The sacrifice was pre-
ceded by the decolation of a kid and a cock, the heads of
which were thrown upon the altar. 1848 Mrs. JAMESON
Sacr. §& Leg. Art (1850) 131 The decollation of St. Paul.
1884 SALA Journey due South , i,(1887) 18 [He] strenuously
denied the pain] of decollation by the guillotine.
Jig. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef.1. ii. 7 He by a decol-
lation of all hope annihilated his mercy. hi
Conch. The truncating or truncated condition
ofa ye shell: see DECOLLATED 2.
1866 ‘Tate Brit. Mollusks iv. 185 The decollation of the
upper whorls of the shells. F
tor (dikglettex). [agent-n. in L. form
from décollare to DECOLLATE.
1. One who decollates ; a decapitator.
truncat
1843 Blackw, Mag. LILI. 522 The culottes .. would
have raised you by acclamation to the dignity of Decollator
of the royal
family.
2. Surg. An obstetric instrument for performing
decollation of the foetus ; a decapitator.
1 Barnes Lect. Obst. Oper. 21 f Braun’s decollator
be wed the Pp core x y from right to
eft.
| Décolleté (deko'late), Af/.a.; fem. -6e. [Fr.,
pa. pple. of décolleter to expose the neck i.
her parties.
of sixty,
Dec. 7/4 Englishwomen will imitate their Frenc!
..the excessively decolleté bodices. .they patronise.
Decolorant (dékzlorint), a. and sd. [a. F.
décolorant, pr. pple. of décolorer, repr. L. decolor-
Gnt-em: see DECOLOUR.]
A. adj, Decolorizing.
1886-8 in Encycl. Dict.
B. sb. A decolorizing agent.
1864 in WEBSTER. ~
Decolorate pan a.
us, pa. pple. o' gare
colour’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1882).
‘ad. L. décolorat-
‘Having lost its
DECOLORATE.
Decolorate (dikv‘lareit), v. [f. ppl. stem of
L. décolorare to DEcotour.] +a. = Discorour
(obs.). b. To deprive of colour, decolour.
1623 Cockeram, Decolorate, to staine. a 1846 Phil. Mag.
(cited in Worcester). In mod. Dicts.
Decoloration ng pet ae Also -colour-.
[a. F. décoloration, ad. L. décolovation-em, n. of
action from décolorare to DEconouR.] Depriva-
tion or loss of colour; + discoloration.
1623 CockeraM, Decoloration, a staining. 1640 E. Cuit-
meaD tr. Merrand's Love Melancholy 121 ry e must not
understand by this word faZe a simple decoloration or white-
ness of the skin. 1727 Baiey vol. II, Decoloration, astain-
ing or paring the Colour. 1876 tr. Schiifzendberger's
Ferment. 113 If we now add a fresh quantity of the reduc-
ing fluid until the second decolouration.
Decolorimeter (d¢km:lori‘métax). [f. L. dé-
color-em deprived of colour + Gr. pérpov measure :
see -METER.] An instrument for measuring the
power or effect of a decolorizing agent.
1863-72 in Watts Dict. Chem. Il. 308.
Decolorize, -ourize (d/kxleriz), v. E DE-
II. 1+ Conorizk.] ¢vans. To deprive of colour.
18: Topp Cycl. Anat. I1. 503/2 Chlorine passed through
a solution of hzmatosine decolorizes it. 1870 P. M. Duncan
Transform. Insects (1882) 170 The leaves, and even the
variegated flowers, are in this way often completely de-
colourised. jig. 1887 F. Rosinson New Relig. Med. 78
Temperament plays a part, colouring or decolourizing
present and future.
Hence Decoloriza‘tion, -izing, the action of de-
priving of its colour; Deco‘lorizer, an agent that
decolorizes ; Deco'lorizing ///. a.
1871 Athenzum 19 Aug. 251 The decolourization of
flowers and leaves by electrical discharges. c 1865 LETHEBY
in Circ. Sc. 1. 125/2 The charcoal is very valuable as a de-
coloriser and disinfectant. 1861 Hume tr. Moguin-Tandon
11, 111, 160 Its decolorizing properties.
Decolour, -or (dkv'lo1), v. [a. F. décolore-r,
or ad. L. décoldrare, to deprive of its colour, dis-
colour, f. DE- I. 6 + colorare to colour, Cf. Dis-
cotouR.] ‘+1. ¢rans. To discolour ; fg. to stain.
¢ 1618 E. Botton Hyfercritica (1722) 210 That Herb, with
which the Britanns are reported to have painted and de-
colour’d their Bodies. 1630 Bratuwait Eng. Gentlem. (1641)
198, I remember with what character that proud Cardinall
was decoloured. f
2. To deprive of colour, decolorize.
Deco'louring ///. a.
1832 G. R. Porter Porcelain § Gl. 196 To which are added
manganese and oxide of cobalt as decolouring substances.
1861 Hutme tr. Moguin-Tandon u. 111. 160 Animal charcoal
is used for the purpose of decolouring various liquids.
+ Deco:loured, ff/. a. Obs. rare". [For de-
collared.| Cut low in the neck ; low-necked.
c 1430 Piler. Lyf Manhode u. civ. (1869) 113 To nekke and
breste white a coote wel decoloured [esco//etees] to be wel
biholde.
Decomplex (d7kpmple:ks), a. [f. Dr- I. 5 +
CompLex, after decomposite, decompound.| Re-
peatedly complex; compounded of parts which
are themselves complex.
1748 Hartiry Observ. Man 1. i. 77 The Varieties of the
Associations hinder particular ones from being so close and
permanent, between the complex Parts of decomplex Ideas,
as between the simple Parts of complex ones. 1840 De
Quincey S#y/e i. Wks. 1890 X. 150 ‘This monster model of
sentence, bloated with decomplex intercalations .. is the
prevailing model in newspaper eloquence.
+ Decomporne, v. Sc. Ods.-* [ad. med.L.
decomponére, back-formation from decompositus :
see DEcomposiTE.] = DrecompounD v. 1. Hence
+ Decomponit f/. a2. = DECOMPOUND a.
1522 Vaus Rudiment. Dd iiij b (Jam.), How mony figures
is there in ane pronowne? Thre. Quhilk thre? Ane
simple, & ane componit, and ane decomponit. The simple
as is, the componit as zdemz, the decomponit as identidem.
Decomponent (dékfmpaunént). —? Obs.
[Formed on a L. type dé-component-em, f. dé-com-
ponére, not in ancient L., but inferred from decom-
pose, decomposition: see Dx- I. 6,]
A decomposing agent.
1797 Henry in Phil. Trans. LXXXVII. 4
component of the water. .is not a metallic ly, will apy
highly probable. 1800 /éid. XC. 189 The action of the
electric fluid itself, as a decomponent,
Decomponible, «. rare. [f. assumed L. dé-
componére (see prec.) + -BLE.] Capable of being
decomposed or resolved into its elements.
1859 H. Corerince in Philol. Soc. Trans. 19 The word is
di ible in that | into simp]
¥ t Ss Ss b
Decomposability (dzkgmpduzabi'liti). Also
-ibility. [f.next + -1Ty.] The quality or pro-
perty of being decomposable.
1862 Anstep Channel Isl. 1. iv. (ed. 2) 64 A proof of the de-
company the granite rock. x KYER in Nature
No. 617. 397 This decomposibility of the terrestrial elements.
Decomposable (dzkJmpéuz4b’l), a. Also
-ible. [f. next+-ABLE; so F. décomposable (1790
in Hatzf.).] Capable of being decomposed, or
Hence
That the de-
separated into its constituent elements, (Usually
in reference to chemical Seca :
1784 Kirwan in Phil. Trans. bg V. 180 P mg
in 2 red peril .
hI, }
not be supp P
Henry Epit. Chem. (1808) 4D mpos
1831 aad Oftics vii. 73 This white light will possess
ou, IIT.
. decomposite of the A
105
the remarkable property of..being decomposable only by
absorption. 1872 Huxiey Phys. iv. 83 Animal matter of
a highly decomposable character.
Decompose (d7kfmpéuz), v. [a. F. décom-
fose-r (16th c. in Littré), f. dé, des- (De- I. 6) +
composer to COMPOSE.]
1. trans. To separate or resolve into its con-
stituent parts or elements.
substances into their chemical elements, of light
into its constituent colours; also of force or motion.
Cf. DECOMPOSITION 2.)
@ 1751 BotincBrokeE Ess. i. Hum. Knowl. (R.), The chemist
who has..decomposed a thousand natural, and composed as
many artificial bodies. 1805 Med. ¥rnd. XIV. 272 Attempts
to decompose water by the Galvanic pile. 1831 Brewster
Optics vil. § 66. 72 We have therefore by absorption decom-
posed green light into yellow and blue. c 1860 Farapay
Forces Nat, i. 28, I can decompose this marble and
change it.
b. To disintegrate ; to rot.
1841 W. SpatpinG /taly & Jt. Isl. I. 19 The seasons de-
compose its cliffs. ‘
ec. fig. of immaterial things.
1796 Burkr Lett. Noble Ld. Wks. VIII. 61 Analytical
legislators, and constitution-venders, are quite as busy in
their trade of decomposing organization. 1816 Scotr
Antiq. i, Were I compelled to decompose the motives of my
worthy friend. 1846 Mitt Log/c Introd. § 7, I do not
attempt to decompose the mental operations in question
into their ultimate elements.
+d. Printing. To distribute (type that has been
set up or composed). Obs.
1816 Sincer //ist. Cards 153 Go and take out the pieces
from the press, and decompose them.
2. intr. (for rvefl.) To suffer decomposition or
disintegration; to break up ; to decay, rot.
1793 Bepvors Calculus, etc. 215 The mucus, contained in
great quantities in the lungs, and which is continually de-
composing. 1865 Sat. Rev. 11 Mar. 269/1 These broken
armies decompose into bands of roving marauders. 1872
Houxtey PAys. vii. 156 Such compounds as abound in the
mineral world, or immediately decompose into them. Mod.
Soon after death the softer parts of organized bodies begin
to decompose.
Decomposed (dzkgmpdwzd), Af. a. [f. prec.
+-ED1.] Subjected to organic decay, rotten.
1846 Nonconf. VI. 28 Why should decomposed potatoes be
more objectionable than decomposed partridges ?
Decompo'ser. [-£k!.] Something that de-
composes ; a decomposing agent.
1821 Examiner 10/1 The turn for parody seems. .to be, in
its very essence, a decomposer of greatness. 1850 Frn/. KR.
Agric. Soc. 135 The soil is a slow decomposer of manure.
Decomposible, -ibility: see DrcomposaBLr,
-ABILITY.
Decompo'sing, ///. a. [-1nc?.] That de-
composes ; usually 27/7. undergoing decomposition,
in process of organic decay.
1833 THirtwatt in Philol. Museum U1. 546 The decom-
posing hand has grown tired of its work, 1862 Anstep
Channel Isl. 1. x. (ed. 2) 263 Veins of soft clay and some
of decomposing greenstone. 1870 H, Macmitran Sible
Teach, viii. 153 These plants die, and form by their decom-
posing remains a rich and fertile mould.
Decomposite (dzkpmpvzit), a. and sd, [ad.
late L. décomposttus,a Latin rendering of Gr, mapa-
atvOeros used by Priscian in the sense ‘formed or
derived from a compound word’, by medizeval and
modern L. writers as ‘ further or more deeply com-
pounded’. Cf. Decomponr. Hence a series of
senses, found also in decompound, decomposition, in
which de- is used differently from the more ordinary
sense in decompose and derivatives. See Dr-I. 5.]
A. adj. Further compounded ; formed by adding
another element or constituent to something already
composite.
1655 GoucE Comm. Heb, Epist., Simple, compound, or
decomposite notions. 1869 LaTuam s.v., The decomposite
character of such words is often concealed or disguised.
B. sé. A decomposite substance, word, etc. ;
a compound formed from something already com-
posite.
1622 T. Jackson ¥udah 48 That elegant metaphoricall
stle unto Timothie [2 Tim. i. 6,
avagwrupe ‘rekindle’]. a@ 1626 Bacon Minerals Wks.
1857 III. 807 The decomposites of three metals or more, are
too long to enquire of. 1678 Puituirs, Decomfosite, a term
in Grammar, signifying a word equally compounded, that
is by the addition of two other words, as /1-dis-fositio.
I
1706 — (ed. Kersey), D. iposite (in G ), a Word
doubly compounded; as capa neice also, a Term
us'd by Apothecaries, when a Physical Composition is
encreas’d,
1848 LatHam Eng. Lang. § 299 Compounds
wherein one element is Compound are called Decomposites.
1863 W. Soiru tr. Curtius’ Gr. Gram., Eng. Index, Decom-
posites, Augmfent] in, § 239 [Some verbs, which are not
pecs compounded with prepositions, but derived from
alreas peace nouns (Decomposita), have the Augment
at the beginning].
Decomposition (dzkgmpdzi-fan). [n. of action
f. Decompounp and Decomrosz, with the respective
senses of the prefix in these words : cf. decomposite.
Mod.F. has décomposition in sense 2, of date 1694
in Acad. Dict., whence perhaps’ the English
uses. _
For the adventiti
tion, see these words. ]
ion of ipose and comp.
(Of the separation of |
DECOMPOUND.
I. Allied to DecompositE: with De- I. 5.
+1. Further composition or compounding ;
compounding of things already composite. (Cf.
DEcOMPLEX, DECOMPOUND.) Oés.
1659 O. Waker Justruct. Oratory 52 The English. .hath
an elegant way of expressing them [Epithets]..in a dexterovs
decomposition of two, or three words together. As: Tast-
pleasing-fruits, 1674 Boye Corpusc. Philos. 11 The almost
innumerable diversifications, that compositions and decom:
positions may make of a small number, not perhaps exceeding
twenty, of distinct things. 1690 Locke Hu. Und. Ww. iv.
§ 9 The many Decompositions that goto the making up the
complex Ideas of those modes.
II. Allied to DEcomposE: with De- I. 6.
2. The action or process of decomposing, separa-
tion or resolution (of anything) into its constituent
elements. a. Used of the separation of substances
into their chemical elements, of light into the
prismatic colours. Decomposition of forces, in
Dynamics = RESOLUTION of forces.
1762 Univ. Mag. Jan. 12 If then the vinegar be used for
precipitating it, there will be scarce any further decomposi-
tion ofthis magistery. 1794 G. ApAms Nat. & Ep. Philos.
IV. xli. 119 The decomposition of forces into parallelograms.
1800 tr. Lagravge’s Chem. 1. 53 Hydrogen gas.. is always
produced in the greatest purity by the decomposition of
water. 1828 Hutton Course Math. II. 142 Called the de-
composition, or the resolution of forces. 1831 BrewsTER
Optics vii. 66 In the decomposition and recomposition of
white light. 1860 Tomson in Bowen Logic x. 348 Chemistry
..the science of the decomposition and combinations of the
various substances that compose and surround the earth.
b. The natural dissolution of compound bodies ;
disintegration; the process or condition of or-
ganic decay ; putrescence.
1777 Priestiey Mat. & Spir. (1782) I. xvii. 200 Death,
with its. dispersion of parts, is only a decomposition. 1794
Suttivan View Nat. 1. 77 'Vhis ancient rocky substance, and
the sand produced by its decomposition. 1845 Darwin
Voy. Nat. (1852) 164, I am inclined to consider that the
phosphorescence is the result of the decomposition of the
organic particles. 1865 Lussock Pek. Times iv. (1869) 91
The bones were in such a state of decomposition, that the
ribs and vertebra crumbled into dust.
ce. fig. of immaterial things.
1762-71 H. WacroLe Vertue’s Anecd. Paint. (1786) I. 81
Allegoric personages are a poor decomposition of human
nature. 1798 Burke Policy of Allies Wks. 1842 1. 599 In
France. .in the decomposition of society, 1874 Saycr Com-
par. Philol, vi. 240 It is very possible that the Aryan roots
are capable of still further decomposition.
Hence Decomposi'tionist, an advocate or sup-
porter of decomposition, e.g. that of an empire,
confederation, etc.
1849 Tait’s Mag. XVI. 756 ‘ But,’ say the decomposition-
ists, “we seek not the destruction of this empire—we agitate
not for its abolition.’
+ Decompo'sure. Ols.7are. [f. DECOMPOSE ;
see -URE.] Decomposition, resolution (of forces).
1740 Stack in Phil. Trans. XLI. 420 There will be no De-
composure, and the Force IC will not change into a Force
that has the Radius OC for its Direction.
[f.
Decompound (d7k/mpau:nd), a, and sd.
De- I. 5 + Compounn a.: after late and med.L.
décompositus DECOMPOSITE in same sense.]
A. adj. Repeatedly compound ; compounded of
parts which are themselves compound; sec. in
Bot. of compound leaves or inflorescences whose
divisions are further divided (L. decompositus,
Linnzeus).
a 1691 Boyt (J.), The pretended salts and sulphur are so
far from being elementary parts extracted out of the body of
mercury, that they are rather, to borrow a term of the
grammarians, decompound bodies, made up of the whole
metal and the menstruum, or other additaments employed
to disguise it. 1793 Martyn Lang. Bot. s.v., Decompound
leaf, Folium decompositum, when the primary petiole is so
divided that each part formsa compound leaf. 1835 LinpDLEY
Introd. Bot. (1848) II. 360 Decompound, having various
compound divisions or ramifications. 1837-8 Sir W. Hamit-
ton Logic xv. (1866) I. 275 Erroneous to maintain .. that
a reasoning or syllogism is a mere decompound whole,
made up of concepts. 1870 H. Macmittan Bible Teach.
vii. 145 The lobed leaf passes by various stages into the
compound, decompound, and supra-decompound.
B. sd. A decompound thing, word, etc. ; a com-
pound further compounded, or of which one or
more elements are themselves compound.
1614 Br. ANDREWES 96 Sem. (1641) 472 Super-exaltavit
is a de-compound. There is, Zx and Sger (both) in it.
1622 HeyLin Cosmogr. (162 ) 469 That the English lan-
wage is a decompound of Dutch, French, and Latine,
t hold. 17.. ARBUTHNOT, etc. J) No body should use
any compound or decompound of the substantial verbs.
1836-7 Sir W. Hamitton Metaph. xxi. (1859) 11. 19 To use
the word zo cognise in connection with its noun cognition,
as we use the decompound #0 recognise in connection with
its noun recognition. 1881 CHANDLER Gr. Accent. § 429
Decompounds, or words consisting of more than two
factors. =
Decompound (dzkfmpawnd), v. [f. DE-I.5,
II. 1+ CompounD v.: cf. prec., and DECOMPOSE. ]
I. Connected with DEcompounD a. and DEcom-
POSITE.
+1. trans. To compound further; to form by
combining compound constituents, or by adding
another constituent to something already com-
pound. Oés, ;
14*
DECOMPOUNDED.
1673 Newton in Phil. Trans. VII1. 6110 The resulting
White..was com, ed of them all, and only de-com-
pounded of those two, 16..—(J.), If the intercepted
colours be let pass, they will fall upon this compounded
orange, and, together with it, decompound a white.
Locke Hum, Und. i. ix. §6 A very complex Idea that is
pounded and d ded Westey Prim.
106
Deconventionalize, decopperize, -ation :
see Dr- IT. 1.
+ Deco ppl.a. Obs, rare—1, [f. OF. dé-
copé, mod.F. découpé, cut down, minutely cut,
ye paong: | Cut in figures; slashed ; cf, Coup v.? 1.
€ 1400
iP
c P 174)
Physic (1762) p. xv, The common Method of .
an reconciled to
decompounding Medicines ean never be
common sense. 5
II. Connected with DecomposeE.
2. To separate the constituent parts or elements
of; to DECOMPOSE.
Johnson 1755 says— This is a sense that has of late crept
irregularly into chymical books.’
@ 175 Boincsroke Ess. i. Hum. Knowl. (R.), If we
consider that in learning..the signification of these names,
we learn to decompound them, 1766 Cavenpisu in PAd/.
Trans. LVI. 102 To decompound as much of the solution
of chalk as contains 164 grains of earth. 1793 J. BowLes
Real Ground War w. France (ed. 5) 25 Other States are
to be broken up and decompounded, 1830 Herscuet
Stud, Nat. Phil. u. ii. (1851) 92 The chemist in his analysis,
who accounts every ingredient an element till it can be de-
compounded and resolved into others.
Hence Decompou‘ndable @., capable of being
decomposed.
1797 Brit. Crit, Jan. 1X. 58 Discoveries .. which shew
the universal dominion of air of different kinds, and that
all nature seems to be decompoundable into fluidity.
Decompou'nded, ///. a. [f. prec. +-ED1.]
I. 1. Further compounded ; made up of com-
pound constituents: sfec. in Bot. and Zool, =DE-
COMPOUND.
1674 BovLe Corpusc. Philos. 26 Amel is manifestly not only
a compounded, but a decompounded body, consisting of
salt and powder of pebbles or sand, and calcined tin. 1794
Martyn Rousseau’s Bot. xix. 268 The leaves being decom-
pounded. 1852 Dana Crust. 1. 205 The areolation is very
deep and the areolets not decompounded.
I, 2. Separated into its constituent parts, de-
composed,
1797 Pearson in Pil. Trans. LXX XVII. 152 The oxygen
and hydrogen gaz of the decompounded water. 1 TAN-
couver Agric. Devon (1813) 22 Composed of the decom-
pounded shale. 1841 Hor. Smitu Moneyed Man II, ix.
722 The very dust..may consist of decompounded human
hearts,
+ Deco‘mpt. ‘Sc. Obs.—' [Cf. F. ‘ descomft, an
account giuen for things receaued; a backe-reckon-
ing’ (Coter.)-} Account, reckoning.
1584 Sc. Acts Fas. VI (1814) 325 (Jam.) Thair obligationis
and decompt jer ae mend be thair commissaris deput be
thame to that effect, particularly thairvpon will testifie.
Decon, obs. form of DEAcon.
Deconcatenate, Deconcentrate, -ation,
etc. : see De- II. 1.
+ Deconce'rt, v. Os. rare. [a. F. déconcerter
(16th c.), f. dé, des- (De- I. 6) + concerter.]
trans. To put out of concert or agreement, dis-
arrange ; = DISCONCERT I.
1715 M. Davies Athen. Brit. I. 322 A more heterogene
Metamorphosis, capable of deconcerting the closest Union
and Interest.
+ Deconco'ct, v. Obs. rare. bs De-I.30r5 +
Concocr v.] According to earlier physiological
notions; To reduce (imperfectly concocted humours
or ill digested food) by further digestion: cf.
Crupity 2. (In quot. fig.)
1655 Futter Ch, Hist. vi. 1. 267, I doubt not but since
these Benedictines have had their crudities deconcocted,
and have been drawn out into more slender threds of sub-
divisions.
Deconsecrate (dikpnstkreit), v. [f. DE- II.
I + CONSECRATE v.] rans. To undo the conse-
cration of; to deprive of sacredness, secularize,
Hence Deco'nsecrated #//.a.; Deconsecra‘tion,
the action or ceremony of deconsecrating.
1867 Ch. & St. Rev, 16 Feb. 150 The last new..word ‘de-
consecration’ .. intended to convey to the public mind the
fact, without the unpleasant associations, of what has hitherto
been known under the .. title of ‘desecration’, 1876 City
Press 21 Oct. 4/6 This Church was deconsecrated on Thurs-
day. 18820. Rev. Oct. 438, The bare deconsecrated Nature
which our author offers us as the substitute for God.
Deconsi‘der, v. rare. [a. mod.F. déconsi-
dérer; see Ds- Il. 1 and Conswer.] trans. To
treat with too little consideration, Hence De-
considera'tion.
1881 Med. Review Apr., Med. Profession & Morality,
In the Army and Navy, the surgeons, long unfairly decon-
sidered, now haughtily claim equally unreasonable prece-
dence. 1882 Miss Copse Peak in Darien 219 Women are
..actually much deconsidered by men. /did., Would not
their deconsideration be reflected on Religion itself were
they to become its authorized ministers?
Deconstru'ct, v. [f. Dr- Il. 1+ Consrrvcr,
after F. déconstrutre.] trans. To undo the con-
struction of, to take to pieces, Hence Decon-
stru‘ction [also in Ws
1882 MeCarrny in 19¢h Cent. 859 A reform the beginnings
of which must be a work of deconstruction.
+ Decontra‘ct, v. Obs. rare. [f. De-1.3 or 5
+Conrract v.] ‘vans, To contract further.
1647 Futter Good Th. in Worse T. (1841) 93 This also
seems too long: I decontract and abridge the abridgment
of my prayers, yea..too often I shrink my prayers to a
minute,
‘om. Rose 843 And shode he was with grete
With shoon decoped.
li Decor (dek61). Obs. [a. L. decor (decor-),
seemliness, comeliness, grace, beauty. Earlier Eng.
had decu'r, decou'r, deco're app. through French;
see DEcoRE sé.] Comeliness, beauty, ornament.
1656 BLount Glossogr., Decor, ¢ li or beauty. 1664
Evetyn tr. Freart’s Archit. 117 For the apt Distribution,
Decor and fitness. 1681 H. More Exp. Dan. vi. 179
Riches are the Political glory and decor of any Kingdom.
Decorable (de‘kérab’l), a. rare. [f. L. de-
cord-re to DECORATE + -BLE, So in mod.F.
(iter?) Capable of decoration.
1889 Pall Mall G. 9 Jan. 6/1 The ‘ decorable’ parts of the
church were still-adorned with. .evergreens,
Decorament (dekéramént). rave. [ad. L.
decorament-um (Tertull.), f. decorare to DrEco-
RATE: see -MENT.] Decoration, ornament.
1727 Batey vol. Il, Decorament, an Ornament, an adorn-
ing. 1730-6 ey» 1755-73 in Jounson. 1826 Scorr
Frni. 24 Mar., It is foolish to encourage people to expect
mottoes and such-like decoraments. [1888 ELwortny IV,
Somerset Gloss. 189 ‘ Thick there thing idn no decriment.’]
Decorate (de‘kérét), pp/. a. Obs. or arch.
[ad. L. decorat-us adorned, beautiful, pa. pple. of
decorare: sce next. For some time after the
adoption of the vb., decorat, -ate continued to serve
as the pa. pple., until superseded by decorated,
which has also taken its place in ordinary use as
adjective.] Adorned, decorated ; ornate.
1460 in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 81 Heyle flece of
gedion, with vertu decorate! 1491 Caxton Vitas Patr.
(W. de W. 1495) 1. xlviii. 92 b/2 They sawe a chirche
decorate and ornate aboue alle puyssaunce humayne. 1513
Brapsuaw St. Werburge 1. 3248 The place was decorat |
with myracles many. 1550 J. Coxe Eng. & Fr. Heralds
(1877) § 203 Considre the magnifique and decorate churches
{of London]. 1876 J. E.us Cesar in Egypt 56 Rigg'd in
ay colours, decorate with flowers. 1886 Burton Arad. Nis.
be ed.) I. 102 A fair hall and richly decorate.
Decorate (dekére't), v. [f. L. decorat-, ppl.
stem of decorare to adorn, beautify, f. decus, decor-
grace, honour, embellishment. As in other verbs of
similar formation, the L. pa. pple. was first adapted
as a ppl. adj. (see prec.), and subsequently the
same type was taken as the stem of a vb.]
1. trans. Toadorn, beautify, embellish ; to grace,
honour. Ods. or arch.
1530 PatsGr. 509/1, I decorate, I make fayre or gay, je
decore, You have decorate our assemblye with your pre-
sence. 1541 Act 33 Hen. VIII, c. 37 The same .. with
goodli and parkely parks. .to beautifie adorne and decorite.
1577-87 Hotinsnep Scot. Chron., Malcolm (R.), His familie
. .1s decorated with the office of the marshalship of Scotland.
1642 W. Batt Caveat for Subjects 15 The name of the |
1781 GinBon |
House of Austria decorates their dominions.
Decl. : F. \xviii. VI. 282 His mother has been decorated
with the titles of Christian and princess. 1856 Froupe
Hist. Eng. (1858) 11. viii. 245 War and plunder were
decorated by poetry as the honourable occupation of heroic
natures. ; ;
2. To furnish or deck with ornamental acces-
sories: @. said of the personal agent.
1782 Map. D’Arsiay Diary 26 Oct., I. .was then decorated
a little, and came forth to tea, 1820 W. Irvine Sketch Bk.
I. 81 The head was decorated with a cocked hat.
Parker Goth, Archit, 1. vi. 207 The custom of decorating
churches with flowers at certain seasons is very ancient.
b. said of the things serving as ornaments.
1870 E, Peacock Ralf Skink III. 193 The old armour
which decorated its walls, 1887 Times 7 Mar. 9/3 In ages
.-more robustly conscious of the difference between evil and
good their henda would have decorated the City gates.
8. To invest (a person) with a military or other
decoration, as the badge of an order, medal of
honour, or the like,
1816 [see Decoratep], 1878 Print. Trades F¥rni. xxmi.7
Prince Charles of Roumania has decorated two printers in
his dominions.
Hence Decorating vé/. sb. and ffi. a.
1877 Atheneum 3 Novy. 571/3 An Lome iene A toa
decorating carver. Mod. In the decorating of the church.
Decorated (de‘kire'téd), sp/. a. [f. DECORATE
v.+-ED.] Adorned, embellished; furnished with
anything omamental ; invested with a decoration.
1727 Baicey vol. II, Decorated, beautified, adorned. 1816
i rr Vis, Paris (ed. 5) p. xlvii, Disturbances. caused
yy, d officers attempting to make the passers-by cry
ive ! Empereur, 1874 Bourett Arms & Arm, y. 76 The
least decorated of ancient Greek armour,
b. Archit. Applied to the second or Middle
style of English Pointed architecture (which pre-
vailed throughout the greater part of the 14th c.),
wherein decoration was increasingly employed and
became part of the construction.
‘The most prominent characteristic of this style is to be
found in the windows, the tracery of which is always
either of geometrical figures, circles, quatrefoils, etc., as in
the earlier instances [hence called Geometrical Decorated),
or flowing in wavy lines, as in the later examples’ (Parker
Gloss. Archit.)
1812 Rickman Styles Goth, Archit, (1817) 44 Decorated
1874 |
DECORE.
English, reaching to the end of the
1377. Ibid, 71 Of the Third, or
‘and-Bk. i
hich
of Edward 11 in
ie Pointed
been known by the name of Decorated).
Freeman Archit iii. 347 ‘The exquisite
N . ML. I iii, 347 ite
church of Wymmi in dshi
Panuen Goth. Avehit. Ly. 161 The change from the Ear
nglish to Decorated style was .. very grad
Decoration ental fon). ad. late L. de-
coration-em, n. of action from decordre to DEco-
RATE: perh, a. F. décoration (1393 in Hatzf.).]
1. The action of decorating; embellishment,
adornment, ornamentation.
Decoration day (U.S.): the day (now May ) kept in
memory of those who fell in the civil war of 1861-65, on
which their graves are decorated with flowers,
1585 Jas. 1 Z£ss. Poesie (Arb.) 65 It is also meit, for the
better decoratioun of the verse to vse sumtyme the figure of
Repetitioun. 1589 — in Ellis Orig. Lett. 1. 11. 29 Orna-
quisit for d ‘ion of our mariage. 1611 Rey
Denne decoration, beautifying, a nme
garnishing, trimmin, ng. ounson Ram
189 P 12 «J iol teres tothe decoration of ber
person. merson Lect. Vng. Amer, Wks. (Bohn) IL
295 To facilitate the decoration of land and dwellings. 1886
Century Mag. XXXII. 475/1 On Decoration day he met
them on their way to a neighbouring cemetery.
b. The fact or condition of being decorated.
ce. + The quality of being decorated ; ornateness.
1633 J. Done Hist. Septuagint 68 Amazement .. for the
manner and decoration of one thing and another. /bid. 43
The beauty and Decoration of the things we found in
Hierusalem, 1838 Lytton Lei/a 1. iv, The fashion of its
ornament and decoration was foreign to that adopted by the
Moors of Granada.
2. That which decorates or adorns; an ornament,
embellishment ; esf. an ornament temporarily put
up on some special occasion ; formerly used (after
the French) of scenery on the stage. :
a 1678 Marvett Wes. II. 208 (R.) Our church did even
then exceed the Romish in ceremonies and decorations.
1706 Puittirs (ed. Kersey), Decoration, an Ornament, Im-
bellishment, or Set-off ; as ‘The Decorations of the See
1716 Lavy M, W. Montacu Let. to Pope 14 a °
tT tr.
[opera] house could hold such e decorations.
Suan & Ulloa's Voy. (1772) 1.63 Mari or butterflies
. differing visibly in figure, colours, decorations. 1769
Mrs. Rarratp Eng. Housekpr. (1778) 199 A pretty decora-
tion fora grand table. 1845 M. Parrisom Ess, (1889) I. 17
Basilicas. .more remarkable for the richness of their decora-
tions than for beauty of architectural proportions. 1864
Burton Scot, Aér. 1.1.2 When its history is stripped of the
remote antiquity and other fabulous decorations.
3. A star, cross, medal, or other badge conferred
and worn as a mark of honour.
1816 J. Scort Vis. Paris (ed. 5) p. xiii, To sport the decor-
ation of the Legion of Honour, /éid. 294 All the young
men who had not mili decorations. Cussans //er.
252 The Royal Order of Victoria and Albert .. The Decor-
ation of the Order consists of an onyx cameo, bearing a
profile likeness of the late Prince Consort.
Decora‘tionist. [f.prec.+-1st.] A profes-
sional decorator.
1828 CartyLe Misc, (1857) I. 192 Which the more cunning
Decorationist..may have selected. 1829 /bid. 1. 276 If the
tailor and decorationist do their duty.
Decorative (de‘kérétiv), a. [f. L. ppl. stem
decorat- (see DecoraTE v.) +-IvE. Cf. F. décoratif,
-ive in Academy’s Dict. of 1878, but also occurring
in OF. in 15th c.] Having the function of de-
corating ; tending to, pertaining to, or of the nature
of decoration,
1791 Sin W. Cuampers Civil Archit, (ed. 3) 17 The orders
. .may be considered as the basis of the whole decorative part
of architecture. 1815 W. H. Irecann Seridbleomania 130
note, To have the piece cee printed in quarto with
decorative engravin x REEMAN Archit. 237 A decora+
tive arch is formed on the west wall, 1855 Bain Senses &
Int. 1m. iv. § 27 In the fancies of decorative art, nature has
little place,
“Hence De'coratively adv., in a decorative
manner, in reference to decoration; De‘corative-
ness, the quality of being decorative.
1882 SaLa America Revis, (1885) 55 A New York hack
coupé is superior str lly, di ly, and loco-
motively to one of our four-wheelers. 1847 Craig De-
corativeness. 1890 Times 5 Feb. 9 Nowhere, in shape,
d iveness, and inty of effects for eye, ear, and
touch is there the least superfluity or deficiency,
Decorator (dekérelto:), [agent-n. in L. form
from decorare to DECORATE; see -OR,
corateur (c1600 in Hatzf.).] One who decorates ;
spec. one who professionally decorates houses,
public buildings, etc., with ornamental painting,
plaster-work, gilding, and the like.
1738 in Jounson. 1787 Sir J. Hawkins Life Fohnson
Wks. I. 373 ote, un and Kent were mere decorators,
—— vk. Boz (1850) 144, 7” canaries
nter and decorator’s journeyman. 1 aw Reports 14
D. Bench Div. 600 Thay eel oe. ee business of up-
Pa] : anda
. dé,
‘re,
[app. a. AngloFr,
see Decor, Littré
.DECORE,
décore masc., as a deriv. of décorer to DECORATE.]
Grace, honour, glory, beauty, adornment. 4
1513 BrapsHaw St. Werburge u. 337 With td worship,
decoure and dignite..She was receyued. /ézd. u. 1925 In
worship, praisyng, beaute and decur. 1596 DaLryMpLe tr.
Leslie's Hist. Scot. (1885) 49 Quhais decore cheiflie does
consiste in Nobilitie of gentle men, etc. 1616 Lane Sg7.’s
7. 43 He fraught theare minde with faire decore Of truith,
justice (twins), groundes of virtues lore.
+ Decorre, a. Sc. Obs. Also6decoir. [ad.L.
decor-us becoming, comely, f. decor, -drem be-
comingness, f. dec2re to penne: | Comely, beautiful.
1500-20 Dunsar Badlat of our Lady 49 Hail, more decore,
than of before, And swetar be sic sevyne. 150r DoucLas
Pal. Hon. ut. 300 Ane sweit nimphe maist faithfull and
decoir.
+ Deco're, v. Ods. or arch. Also 6-7 Sc. de-
coir. [a. F. décore-r (14th c.), ad. L. decora-re to
DecoratE.] ‘To decorate, adorn, embellish.
1490 Caxton Exeydos vi. (1890) 24 The name thenne
and Royalme of Fenyce hath be moche hiely decored by
merueyllous artes and myryfyke. 1548 Hatt Chron. (1809)
59 Todecore and beautifye the House of God. 1583 StusBes
Anat. Abus.1.(1879) 64 The Women of Ailgna vse to colour
their faces .. whereby they think their beautie is greatly
decored. 1603 PAzlotus xlvii, Deck vp and do thyself
decoir. 1634 RurHERForD Le/t#. (1862) I. 129 Decored and
trimmed as a bride. @ 1661 Futter Worthies u. 6 Which
Church he decored with many Ornaments and Edifices.
1818 Scotr Br. Lamm.ix, ‘Without the saddle being decored
wi’ the broidered sumpter-cloth !’
Hence + Decorring vé/. sd.
1618 Jas. I Decl. Lawful Sports in Arb. Garner IV. 515
Leave to carry rushes to the church for the decoring of it.
+ Deco'rement. O/s. Also 6-7 Sc. decoir-,
decor-. [a. OF. decorement (15thc.), f. décorer to
Decorate: repr. L. decorémentum.]
a. Decoration, ornamentation. rare.
An ornament, an embellishment.
1587 Sc. Acts Fas. VI (1814) III. 506 Very commodious
and convenient for the..decoirment of pis realme. 1632
Litucow T7vav. 1. 41 The decorements of their beautifull
Palaces. 1635 Heywoop Lond. Sinus Salutis Wks. 1874 1V.
288 The Decorements that adorne the Structure, I omit.
168x Jas. Stewart in Cloud of Witnesses (1810) 156 What
brethren did cast upon him as a shame was his glory and
decorement. c1720 W. Gisson Farvier’s Guide 1.1. (1738) 4
The Main, Tail, and Foretop .. of a Horse .. are a suitable
Decorement to a creature of so much Fire and Mettle.
Decorrist. vonce-wd. [f. DEcor-um + -18T.]
One attached to artistic proprieties.
1839 Por Assignuation Wks. (1864) I. 381 Proprieties of
place and especially of time are the bugbears which terrify
b. concr.
mankind from the contemplation of the magnificent. Once
I was myself a decorist.
Decorous (dékoe'ras, dekéras), @ [In form
ad, late L. decords-us elegant, beautiful (It. decoroso
decorous, decent), f. decus, decor-: see DECORATE ;
but in sense corresp. to L. decor-us becoming,
seemly, fitting, proper, f. decor, decdr-em becoming-
ness, f. decére to become, befit. In harmony with
this Johnson, Walker, and Smart 1849 pronounce
decorous. Bailey 1730 and Perry 1805 have de‘-
cdrous ; Craig 1847 and later dictionaries record
both. The word is not very frequent colloquially.]
+1. Seemly, suitable, appropriate. Ods.
1664 H. More Afyst. nig. 225 That decorous embellish-
ment in the external Cortex of the Prophecy [is] punctually
observed. 1680 — A/focal. Afoc. 75 So decorous is the
representation. 1691 Ray Creation 1. (1704) 57, It is not so
decorous with respect to God, that he should immediately
do all the meanest and triflingest things himself, without
any inferiour or subordinate minister.
2. Characterized by decorum or outward confor-
mity to the recognized standard of propriety and
good taste in manners, behaviour, etc.
{673 Rules of Civility 144 It is not decorous to look in
the Glass, to comb, brush, or do any thing of that nature to
ourselves, whilst the said person be in the Room.] 1792
V. Knox Serm. ix. (R.), Individuals, who support a decorous
character. 1795 Burke Corr. (1844) IV. 291 Their language
..is cool, decorous, and Spagna 82x Byron Vis.
Fudg. xcv, Some grumbling voice, Which now and then
will make a slight inroad Upon decorous silence. 1858
Hawrtuorne Fy, § Jt. F¥rnds. 1. 293 Washington, the most
decorous and respectable personage that ever went cere-
moniously through the realities of life. 1874 Hers Soc.
Press. iii. 40 In a great city everything has to be made out-
wardly decorous, .
b. Of language: Exemplifying propriety of
diction.
1873 LowELt Among nz
permanent value for hilo
English. .
q a in the sense of L, decorosus.
1727 Battery vol. II, De’corous, Decoro'se, fair and lovely,
beautiful, graceful, coffely.
Decorously (see prec.), adv. [-ty?.] Ina
decorous manner ; with decorum.
1809 Han. More Caleds 1. 189 (Jod.) Oh! if women in
general knew .. with what a charm even the appearance of
modesty invests its possessor, they would dress decorously.
1855 Macautay //ist. Eng. IV. 566 He endured decorously
the hardships of his present situation.
Decorousness (see prec.). [-NESS.] The
quality of being decorous; +seemliness, fitness
(0bs.) ; propriety of behaviour.
Cupwort /tell, Syst. 1. v. 874 The will of God is
Goodness, Justice, and Wisdom; or Decorousness, Fitness.
Bks, Ser. u. 224 A treatise of
losophic statement and decorous
107
1834 CampseLt Life Mrs. Siddons 11. iii. 72 The decorous-
ness of the national character.
+ Deco'rporate, v. Os. [Dz- Il. 1 + L.
corpus, corpor- body.] (See quot.) Hence De-
corpora‘tion.
1660 HExHAm, Oxtlijven, to Decorporate, Kill or make
Bodylesse .. ee Ontlijvinge, a Decorporation, or a making
Bodylesse.
+Decorre, v. Os. Alsodecourre. [?a.OF.
decourre, decorre ‘to runne downe, to haste or hy
apace’ (Cotgr.):—L. décurrére to run down.]
zntr. To run or flow away, pass or haste away.
(But the sense of the passage quoted is uncertain.)
1377 Lanai. P. PZ. B. xiv. 193 Of pompe and of pruyde be
parchemyn [of bis patent] decorreth [v. ~. decourrep] And
principalliche of alle peple, but pei be pore of herte.
Deco'rrugative, z. [f. Dx- II. 1 + Corrv-
GATIVE.] Tending to remove wrinkles.
1876 M. Couurns Pen Sketches (1879) II. 175 Seeing that
wrinkles are not unknown in these days, it might be worth
inquiry whether bean-flower has any decorrugative effect.
Deco'rticate, a. [ad. L. déorticat-us, pa.
pple. of déorticare: see next.] Destitute of a
cortex or cortical layer: sfec. applied to those
Lichens which have no cortical layer.
1872 LeiGuton Lichen-Klora Gt. Brit. p. xxiii.
Lecorticate (dik itikeit), v. [f. ppl. stem
of L. décorticare to deprive of its bark, f. Dr- I. 6
+ cortex, cortic-em bark.] trans. To remove the
bark, rind, or husk from; to strip of its bark.
1611 Corvar Crudities 472 Decorticating it [hemp] or as
we call it in Somersetshire, scaling it with their fingers.
1620 VeNNER Via Recta v. go Wheate decorticated, and
boyled in milke, commonly called Frumentie. 1693 P42.
Trans. XVII. 763 Black and white Pepper .. are the same,
only the latter is decorticated. 1727 Brapiey Mam, Dict.
s.v. Cork, The Manner of decorticating, or taking off the
Bark of the Cork-tree. 1860 BerkeLry Brit, uigol. 8 An
oak-trunk. . felled and decorticated.
b. fig. To divest of what conceals, to expose.
ec. To ‘flay’,
1660 WATERHOUSE Avis § Ariz. 18 Arms ought to have
analogie and proportion to the bearer, and in a great
Measure to decorticate his nature, station, and course of
life. 1862 London Rev. 16 Aug. 148 It is impossible to
‘decorticate ’ people, as the writer now and then does, with-
out inflicting pain. .
d. intr. To peel or come offas a skin.
1805 Med. ¥rul. XIV. 496 The scabs will decorticate and
peel off from the scalp.
Hence Deco:rticated ///. a.
1798 W. Biair Soldier's Friend 12 Decorticated oats, cut
groats, dried peas. 1859 Darwin Orig. Spec. viii. (1872) 208
A cement .. with which he had covered decorticated trees.
1875 H.C. Woop 7%erap. (1879) 581 The decorticated seeds
of the common barley, the pearl barley of commerce.
Decortication (dikgutikéi-fon). [ad. L. de-
cortication-em, n. of action from decorticare (see
prec.).] The action of decorticating.
1623 CockErAM, Decortication, peeling. 1657 ToMLINSON
Renou's Disp. 119 They do ill that extract oil out of almonds
before decortication. 1816 KreitH Phys. Bot. Il. 482 The
decortication of a tree, or the stripping it of its bark.
Decorticator (dékjtike'tax). [agent-n. in L.
form from déorticare to DECORTICATE: see -oR.]
He who or that which decorticates ; a machine,
tool, or instrnment for decortication.
1874 Knicut in Dict. Mech.
Decorum (diko-rim). [a. L. decorum that
which is seemly, propriety; subst. use of neuter
sing. of decor-us adj. seemly, fitting, proper. So
mod.F. décorumt (since 16th c.).]
1. That which is proper, suitable, seemly, be-
fitting, becoming ; fitness, propriety, congruity.
+a. esp. in dramatic, literary, or artistic composi-
tion: That which is proper to a personage, place,
time, or subject in question, or to the nature, unity,
or harmony of the composition ; fitness, congruity,
keeping. Ods,
@ 1568 Ascuam Scholent. (Arb.) 139 Who soeuer hath bene
diligent to read aduisedlie ouer, Terence, Seneca, Virgil,
Horace. .he shall easelie perceiue, what is fitte and decorzme
in euerieone. 1576 Foxe A, § AZ. 990/r, I. . lay all the wyte
in maister More, the authour and contriuer of this Poeticall
booke, for not kepyng Decorum personx, as a perfect Poet
should haue done. /ézd., Some wyll thinke..maister More
to haue missed some part of his Decorum in makyng the
euill spirite..to be messenger betwene middle earth and
Purgatory. 16zx Burton Anat. Mel. u. ii. vi. iv, If that
Decorum of time and place..be observed. 1644 Mitton
Educ, Wks. 1738 I. 140 What the Laws are of a true Epic
Poem, what of a Dramatic, what of a Lyric, what Decorum
is, which is the grand master-piece to observe. 1686 AGLI-
onBy Painting /ilust. ii. 67 Simon Sanese began to under-
stand the Decorum of Composition. /did. iii. 119 The
second part of Invention is Decorum; that is, that there be
nothing Absurd nor Discordant in the Piece. 1704 HEARNE
Duct. Hist. (1714) 1. 132 Neither is a just Decorum always
obsery’d, for he sometimes makes Blockheads and Bar-
barians talk like Philosophers, 1756 J. Waxron Ess. Pope
I. i. 5 Complaints. .[which] when uttered by the inhabitants
of Greece, have a decorum and consistency, which they
totally lose in the character of a British shepherd.
b. That which is proper to the character, posi-
ion, rank, or dignity of a real person. arch.
1589 Purrennam Zug. Poesie ut. xxiv. (Arb.) 303 Our
soueraign Lady (keeping alwaies the decorum of a Princely
person) at her first comming to the crowne, etc. 1594 J.
DECOUPLE.
Dickenson A rvisbas (1878)87 The minde of man degenerating
from the decorum of humanitie becomes monstrous. 1
Suaks. Ant. § Ci. v. ii. 17 Maiesty to keepe decorum, must
No lesse begge then a Kingdome. 1683 Cave Ecclesiastici,
Athanasius 171 He was a Prince of a lofty Mind, careful to
preserve the Decorum of State and Empire. @1715 BurNET
Own Time (1766) 1. 130 He..did not always observe the
decorum of his post. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 180 It
was necessary to the degorum of her character that she
should admonish her erring children.
e. That which is proper to the circumstances or
requirements of the case; seemliness, propriety,
fitness; = DECENCY I. arch.
1586 ‘lI’. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad.1.171 A waie how to
frame all things according to that which is decent or seemely,
which the Latines call decorum, 1598 J. Dickenson Greene
in Conc. (1878) 147 She deemd it no decorum to blemish her
yet-during pleasures with pot auailing sorrow. 1677 GALE
Crt. Gentiles II. 1v. 19 Temperance formally consistes in
giving al persons and things their just decorum and measure.
1809 Maruias in Gray's Corr. (1843) 16 There was a peculiar
propriety and decorum in his manner of reading. 1858
Trencu Parables (1860) 126 They argue that it is against
the decorum of the Divine teaching, that, etc.
2. Qualities which result from sense 1: +a.
Beauty arising from fitness, or from absence of the
incongruous ; comeliness ; grace; gracefulness.
1613 R. C. Zable Alps. (ed. 3), Decorum, comelinesse.
1618 DEKKER Owdes Alinanacke, A coloured cloute will set
the stampe of decorum on a rotten partition. 1635 SWAN
Spec. M. vii. § 3 (1643) 320 To shew the due decorum and
comely beauty of the worlds brave structure. 1729 SHEL-
vockEA rtillery Vv. 334 The Decorum and Gracefulness of any
Pile, the making the whole Aspect of a Fabric so correct.
+b. Orderly condition, orderliness. Ods.
1610 Hearey St. Aug. Citie of God xi. xxv. 442 Whose
wisedome reacheth from end to end, ordering all in a delicate
decorum, Ibid. xxi. xxiv. 847 And brings the potentiall
formes into such actuall decorum. 1684 T. Burnet 7h.
arth 1. 132 The first orders of things are more perfect and
regular, and this decorum seems to be observ’d afterwards.
+e. Orderly and grave array. Ods.
1634 Sir T. Herpert 7rav. (1638) 238 In this Decorum
they march slowly, and with great silence [at a funeral].
3. Propriety of behaviour; what is fitting or
proper in behaviour or demeanour, what is in
accordance with the standard of good breeding ;
the avoidance of anything unseemly or offensive in
manner.
1572 tr. Buchanan's Detect. Mary M iija, To obserue
decorum and comely conuenience in hir pairt..sche counter-
feiteth amourning. @ 1628 F. Grevitie Sédvey (1652) 93 She
resolved to keep within the Decorum of her sex. 1668
Drypden Evening’s Love Epil. 19 Where nothing must
decorum shock. 1704 F. Futter A/ed. Gym, (1711) 143,
1 can’t see any breach of Decorum, if a Lady .. should ride
on Horse-back. 1791 Mrs. Rapcuirre Rom. Forest iii, The
lady-abbess was a woman of rigid decorum and severe de-
votion. 1803 Jed, Frul. YX. 442 A spirit of levity and
wrangling, wholly inconsistent with the grave decorum due
to the investigation and decision of a philosophical subject.
1814 JANE AusTeN Mansf. Park (1851) 81 My father ..
would never wish his grown-up daughters to be acting
plays. His sense of decorum is strict. 1866 G. MacponaLp
Ann. Q. Neighb, xxvii. (1878) 475 If the mothers.. are
shocked at the want of decorum in my friend Judy.
4. (with a.and Z/.) +a. A fitting or appropriate
act. Ods.
1601 A. C. Ausw. to Let. Fesuited Gent. 114 (Stanf.) It
had bin a decorum in them, to have shewd themselves thank-
ful unto such kind office. 1692 Drypen St. Evremont's
Ess. 372 The Laugh, the Speech, the Action, accompanied
with Agreements and Decorums. 1717 BerKELEY Jour
Ltaly 21 Jan. Wks. 1871 1V. 532 The tragedy of Caligula,
where, amongst other decorums, Harlequin .. was very
familiar with the Emperor himself.
b. An act or requirement of polite behaviour ;
a decorous observance ; chiefly in g/., proprieties.
1601 R. Jounson Avngd. & Commi. (1603) 245 The Spanish
nation. .using a certaine decorum (which they call an obey-
sance or..a compliment or cerimonious curtesie). 1676
Wycuercey P?. Dealer. i, Tell not me. .of your Decoruns,
supercilious Forms, and slavish Ceremonies. 1706 Estcourt
Fair Examp.1.i, My Lady Stately longs to see you, had
paid you a Visit but for the Decorums: She expects the
first from you. 1 Go.psm. Vic. W. xxx, No decorums
could restrain the impatience of his blushing mistress to be
forgiven. 1865 Merivace Rom. Emp. VIII. xvi. 202 The
dignity of his military character was hedged round by
formalities and decorums.
Decoun, obs. form of DEAcon.
+ Decou'nt, v. Ods. rave. [f. De- + Count v.:
cf. depict, describe.] trans. To set down in a
reckoning or account ; to reckon.
1762 tr. Busching’s Syst. Geog. V. 23 He was afterwards
decounted a denizen, and the correspondent duties were
required of him,
+Decou'ple, v. Obs. rvave—'. [a. F. dé-
couple-r to uncouple : see Dz- I. 6.] To uncouple.
1602 21d Pt. Return fr. Parnass. 1. v.(Arb.) 32 Another
company of houndes..had their couples cast off and we
might heare the Huntsmen cry, horse, decouple, Auant.
|| Découplé. er. “[F.; see prec.] (See
quots.)
3727-51 Cuambers Cycl., Decoupié, in heraldry, the same
as uncoupled, i,e, parted, or severed. Thus, a chevron
decouplé is a chevron wanting so much towards the point,
that the two ends stand at a distance from each other. 1830
in Rosson Brit. Herald.
Decoure, Decourre, var. DEcORE, DECORRE.
|| Decours. Her. [F.: see next] = DEcREMENT Ic.
1727-51 in CuamBers Cycl., A soon-decressant or en
cours.
14*-2
DECOURSE,
+ Decou'rse. Ods. [a. F. décours (12th c.) =
L. décurs-um a running down, f. décurrére to run
down: cf. Decurse and Course.] Downward
course, descent. Also fig.
1585 ‘I’, Wasuincton tr. Nicholay's ws Turkie w. xx.
134 b, The Euphrates. .in the channell and decourse whereof
are founde many pretious stones. 1597 J. Kixc On Yonas
(1618) 213 In the decourse of many generations.
+ Decow'rt, v. Ods. [f. Dz- II. 2+ Court sé.]
trans, To expel or banish from court. :
cx6x0 Sir J. Mervi. Mem. (1683) 198 He was accused...
and..for a time decourted. 1633 T. Apams Exf. 2 Peter
ii. 4 If the king’s favourite be forever decourted and banished,
1676 W. Row Contn. Blair's A utobiog. xii. (1848) 462 Middle-
ton is thus decourted and all his places taken from him.
+ Deco-vered, #//. a. Obs. [f. De- II. 1 +
CoveERrED: cf. F. découvert.] Uncovered.
1658 J. Wess tr. C/eofatra vii. ii. 19 His face remained
almost quite decovered. :
+ Decory, s/.1 Ods. [Derivation and history un-
known] A game of cards played in the sixteenth
and beginning of the seventeenth century.
c1550 Diceplay C viij a, Primero now as it hath most
use in courts, so is there most deceit in it... At trump, saint,
& such other like, cutting at y® neck is a good uantage so
is cutting by a bum card (finely) vnder & ouer..At decoy,
they drawe easily xx handes together, and play all vpon
assurance when to win or lose. 1591 Greene Disc. Coos-
nage (1592) 4 Ile play at mumchance, or decoy, he shal
shuffle the cards, and ile cut. 1608-9 Decker Belman
Lond. F iij (N.), Cardes are fetcht, and mumchance or
decoy is the game.
Decoy (d/koi'), 54.2, Also 7 decoye, dequoy,
de quoi, duckquoy, 7-8 duckoy, duck-coy,
duccoy. [Vecoy, in all its senses (exc. 4a) and
combinations, was preceded by a simple form Coy
sb. (known in 1621), a. Du. dood of the same mean-
ing. Thus senses 1 and 3 are identical with 1 and
3 of Coy; sense 2 is a fig. use of 1; 4 b. and § are
closely related to 3. The combinations decoy-bird,
-dog, -duck, -man, etc., were preceded generally by
the forms coy-bird, -dog, -duck, -man, etc. It is
thus evident that de-coy is a derivative, compound,
or extension, of Coy sé.; but the origin of the de-
is undetermined.
It has been variously conjectured to be the prefix De-, the
Dutch article in de koot ‘the coy’ or ‘decoy’, the second
half of Du. eende in eende-kooi ‘ duck-coy', and an obscura-
tion of duck itself in duck-coy, which is indeed found in the
17th c., and (what is notable) not merely as the sb., but as
the vb. (see below). Yet we do not find it as the earlier
| To cut my throat for pillage.
108
manner in which the thus played with the fears of
the wild herd [of elephants
4. Applied to a person :
+a. A swindler, sharper; an impostor or ‘ shark’
wholives by his wits at the expense of his dupes. Ods.
(It is, from the early date and sense, very doubtful if this
belongs to this word. In the ‘character’ by Brathwait (quot.
1631), there is no reference explicit or implicit to the action of
adecoy-duck. It rather s as if this were a slang term
already in use when coys and coy-ducks were introduced into
England, and as if coy-duck were changed into decoy-duck
with allusion to this.)
DECREASE.
Broad district with which we had not made ourselves
uainted,
duck (dikoi‘dv:k). [f. Drcoy sé. +
Duck. Cf. Du. hooicend in same sense.]
1. A duck trained to decoy its fellows.
1651 C. Watker Hist. Independ. 11. 34 These. .are re-
are kept in the decoy, and
cver they. Ware aadadls fons the decoy-man,
2. fig. A person who entices another into danger
or mischief.
1625 FLETCHER — Waid ww. ii, You are worse than
carriers, oyes, Bum-bayliffes, d d Pur-
seuants, Botchers..and a rabble such stin ly com-
ions. 1 J. Taytor (Water P.) Wks. 1. 71/1 To
Decoy-puck 2.
1638 Forp Lady's Trial v. i, I foster a decoy here [his
niece, a strumpet]; And she trowls on her ragged customer,
1656 Ear, Mono. Adv. /r.
Parnass. 186 These were the true de quois, or call-ducks,
which ticed in the scum of the city. 1667 Decay Chr. Piety
xviii. P 5 To lead captive silly women, and make them the
duck-coys to their whole family. 1744 BerkeLry Siris § 108
Some tough dram-drinker, set up as the devil's decoy, to
draw in proselytes. 1843 Dickens Mart. Chus. xli, I want
you, besides, to act asa aacay in a case I have already told
you of, 1849 James Woodman xxxii, [have the pretty decoy [a
girl) in my own hand, I can whistle either bird back to the lure.
5. Anything employed to allure and entice,
especially into a trap ; an enticement, bait, trap.
1655 Futter Ch. Hist. i. iii. § 24 Intending onely a short
Essay, and to be (let me call it) an honest Decoy, by
entering on this subject, to draw others into the com-
pleating thereof. 1679 Penn Addr. Prot. 1. 178 She
that makes her Pretences to Religion a Decoy to catch the
World. 1698 Fryer Acc. £. India & P. 45 Antilopes, not
to be taken but by a Decoy made of Green | Sere wherein
a Man hides himself. 170§ HickeRINGILt Priest-cr. (1721) I.
27 [By] the Duckoy of a Wedding .. trepan’d to Death and
Murther'd. 1865 Luspock Preh. Times pen pipe ante A de-
coy roughly representing the head and antlers of a reindeer
has been put up. 1883 A. K. Green Hand & Ring xx, The
note had tees sent as a decoy by the detective.
6. attrib. and Comb., as decoy-bird, -dog, -goose,
-place; decoy-man, decoyman, one whose busi-
| ness it is to attend to a decoy for wildfowl.
form, which suggests that it is really a later spelling of |
popular etymology. The likelihood that decoy is the Du.
de kooi has been forcibly urged by C. Stoffel in Englische
Studien X. (1887) 180. But direct evidence is wanting. And,
since Decoy sé.! appears to be an entirely distinct word,
being much older in the language than either this word or coy
itself, and was probably still in use when cey was introduced
from Dutch, it is possible that the latter was made into
de-coy under the influence of that earlier word. It is to be
noted also that the sense ‘sharper’, 4a below, actually
appears earlier than any other, literal or figurative, and may
possibly not be a sense of this word at all, but an indepen-
dent and earlier cant or slang term; if so, it may also have
influenced the change of coy to decoy.)
1. A pond or pool out of which run narrow arms
or ‘pipes’ covered with network or other contri-
vances into which wild ducks or other fowl may
be allured and there caught.
1625 [see Decoy-puck 2]. [1626-4z SpeLMAN in Payne-
Gallwey Bk. Duck Decoys (1886) 2 Sir W. Wodehouse
(who lived in the reign of James I., 1603-25) made among
us the first device for catching Ducks, known by the foreign
name of a koye.} ~~ Evetyn Diary 19 Sept., We arrived
at Dort, passing by the Decoys, where they catch innumer-
able quantities of fowle. 1665 — Mar., His Majestie
was now eg the Decoy in the Parke. 1676 Wortipcr:
Bees (1678) 23 Allured .. as Ducks by Dequoys. 1678 Ray
Willughby's Ornith, (1680) 286 Piscinas hasce cum allecta-
tricibus et reliquo suo apparatu Decoys seu_Duck-coys
vocant, allectatrices pool on 1679-88 Secr. Serv. Money
Chas, LI & Fas, [1 (Camden) 82 A kennell for the dogs, and
a new ducquoy in the park. 1714 Flying-Post 4-7 Dec.,
Keeper of New Forest in Hampshire, and of the Duckoy
there. 1750 R. Pocockr 7vav. (1888) 94 The duckoy close to
the Fleet, where the swans. . b: as wellas wildfowl. 1839
Stonenouse A xholme 68 The decoy has superseded all those
ancient methods of taking water fowl. 1846 MeCuttocn
Acc, Brit. Empire (1854) 1.179 Decoys for the taking of wild
ducks, teal, widgeons, etc. were..at one time, very common
in the fens; but a few only exist at present. 1886 Payne.
Gatiwey Bk, Duck Decoys 17 A Decoy is a cunning and
clever combination of water, nets, and screens, by means of
which wildfowl, such as Wigeon, Mallard, and Teal, are
caught alive,
2. fig. A es into which persons are enticed to
the profit of the keeper.
1678 Otway Friendship in F. 1. i. (R.), You who keep
a general decoy here for fools and coxcombs {a brothel).
@ 1839 Praep Poems (1864) 1. 197 The place was cu
with an evil name, And that name was‘ The Devil's Decoy!’
3. A bird (or other animal) trained to lure or
entice others (usually of its species) into a trap.
1661 //umane Industry 170 Wilde Ducks, that are tamed
and made Decoyes, to intice and betray their fellows. 1663
Cowtey Verses § Ess. (1669) 132 Man is to man..a
treacherous Decoy, and a rapacious Vulture. 1774 GoipsM.
Nat. Hist. (1862) 11. vu. xii. 235 A number of wild ducks
made tame, which are called decoys. 1859 TENNENT
Ceylon II. vin. v. 366 A display of dry humour in the
| at some distance several decoy-geese.
1643 Soveraigne Salve 39 Some dequoy indulgence may
Le used towards them to draw others, till all be in [their]
wer. 1711 KinG tr. Maude's Refined Pol. v. 195 The
Bird-catchers, to succeed in their sport, make use of decoy
birds. 1278 Epit. in Birm. Weekly Post 17 Jan. (1891) 11/1
Andrew Williams .. lived under the Aston famnily as Decoy-
man 60 years. 1778 Sportsman's Dict., Decoy-duck.. by
her allurement draws [wild ones] into the decoy- lace. 1799
W. Tooke liew Russ. Emp, W11. 83 The Ostiaks ++ placed
1839 STONEHOUSE
A xholme 68 Screens, formed of reeds, are set up..to prevent
the possibility of the fowl seeing the decoy man. /did.
‘The decoy birds resort to..the mouth of the pipes, followed
by the young wild fowl. 1883G.C. Davies Norfolk Broads
xxii. (1884) 164 The decoy-dog .. was a retriever of reddish
colour. 1887 Daily News 21 Nov. 2/8 The prisoner had
used his shop as a decoy place for poor little girls,
Decoy (d/koi:), v. [See prec.
The vb. is considerably later than the sb., and its earliest
examples are spelt duckoy; it was evidently formed directly
from the sb., of which it reflects the contemporary varieties
of spelling.] 5
1. ¢rans. To allure or entice (wildfowl or other
animals) into a snare or place of capture: said
usually when this is done by, or with the aid of,
another animal trained to the work.
1671 Phil. Trans. V1. 3093 The Wild Elephants are by the
tame Females of the same kind as ‘twere duckoy’d into
a lodge with trap-doors. “7 Dampter Voy. 1, 168 Their
Hogs. .at night come in. . are put up in their Crauls or
Pens, and yet some turn wild, which neverth are often
decoyed in by the other. 1735 Sfortsman's Dict., Decoy-
| birds .. are usually kept in a cage and from thence decoy
| birds into the nets, 1788 Reww Act. Powers in. 1. iv. 565
The arts they use..to decoy hawks and other enemies,
1835 W. Irvine Tour Prairies 170 A black horse on the
Brasis. .being decoyed under a tree by atame mare. 1845
Yarrecu Hist. Birds (ed. 2) 111. 266 The outer side. .is the
one on which the person walks who is decoying the fowl.
2. To entice or allure (persons) by the use of
cunning and deceitful attractions, zw/o a place or
situation, away, out, from a situation, 40 do some-
thing.
1660 Hickerincitt Yamaica Pref, (1661) A ij b, To allure
and Duckoy the aoe world. a 1674 CLarENnpon Hist,
am xt. (1888) § 195 Rolph answered, that the King might
d from ..and then he might easily be
spatch 1709 Steete Zatler No. 59 P 1 may
not be di in by the soft Allurement of a Fine Lady.
1774 Goipsm. Nat. //ist. (1776) 11. 261 Two of whom the
mariners d on ship-board. 1776 Apam Smirn WW, NV.
uw. v. 1. 365 [1 ] may sometimes decoy a customer
to bay want he no occasion for. 1833 Hr. Martineau
Fr, Wines iv. 63 They would not be peer oy
a false alarm. _ Barinc-Goutp Werewolves vi. 81 This
wretched man had decoyed children into his shop.
Hence Decoy‘er, Decoy’ing v//. si.
1883 G. C. Davies Norfolk Broads xxii. (1 162 Decoy-
ing was the only item of the wild life still po Pos in the
Pp g ‘ will be drawn into the net by this
decoy-duck, this tame cheater. 1688 SuHapwet. Sgr. Alsatia
Dram. Persona, Shamwell .. being ruined by , is
made a decoy-duck for others. Daily News 11 July
3/1 At Monte Carlo..he was employed as a decoy duck.
Decrassify, v. rare. [f. De-II.1 +L. crass-
us thick, gross +-FY.] ‘vans. To divest of what is
crass, gross, or material.
1855 Browntnc Bf. BZ "s Apol. Wks. IV. .
I hear you recommend, I might at least Elimi ify
my faith. 1885 CoupLanp Spirit Goethe's Faust vi. 202 Our
attempt to decrassify this symbol, to see in it the wonderful
power of the creative human brain.
Decrease (d/kri's, di*kris), s+. Forms: 4 de-
crees, 4~7 discrease, 5 decresse, 6- decrease.
[a. OF. decrets, descreis (later des-, de-crois, now
décrott), verbal sb. f. stem of de-, descrets-tre
(de(s)creiss-ant) to DECREASE.]
The process of growing less ; lessening, diminu-
tion, falling off, abatement ; the condition which
results from this. (Opposed to INCREASE sé.)
1383 Gower Conf. III. 154 That none honour fall in
decrees [v.7. discrease]. 1488-9 Act 4 Hen VII, c. 1 To
decresse and destruccion of your lyvelode. 1555 Even
Decades 119 They see the seas by increase and decrease to
flowe and reflowe. 1665 Perys Diary 28 Nov., Soon as we
know how the plague goes this week, which we hope will
be a good decrease. 1674 Prayrorp Skill Mus. 1. vii. 24
Notes of Diminution or . 31742 Younc Nt. Th. v.
717 While man is growing, life is in decrease. Green
Short Hist. iv. § 2. 168 The steady decrease in the number of
the greater nobles.
+ b. spec. The wane of the moon. Oés.
1626 Bacon Sylva § 626 Such Fruits..you must gather
. when the Moon is under the Earth, andin decrease. 1661
Lovett Hist. Anim. § Min. 29 The same taken in the de-
crease of the moon.. helpeth the fits of quartans. 1746
Hervey Medit. (1818) The moon in her decrease pre-
vents the dawn. :
Decrease (dikri's), v. Forms: a. 4-5 dis-
crese, 5 discrease, -creace, dyscres, -crece, 6
discresse, dyscrease; 8. 4-5 decreesse, 4-6 de-
crese, 5 -crece, -creace, 5—6 -cresse, 6 Sc. dicres,
6- decrease. [f. OF. de-, descreiss-, ppl. stem of
descretstre (later descrotstre (Cotgr. 1611), now
décroitre) = Pr. descreisser, Cat. descrexer, Sp.
descrecer, \t. discre'scere, which took in Romanic
the place of L. décréscére, f. dé- down + créscére to
grow: see Dr- I. 6. Under the influence of the
L., decreistre was an occasional variant in OF.,
and under the same influence, de-crese, found beside
descrese in ME., eventually su ed it, An
AngloFr. decresser, influenced by . decrese or L,
decresceré, is found in the Statutes of Hen. VI.]
1. intr. To grow less (in amount, im nce;
influence, etc.) ; to lessen, diminish, fall off, shrink,
abate. (Opposed to INCREASE 7.)
a. 1393 Gower Conf. II. 189 Knowend how that the feith
discreseth. axzqo00 Cov. Myst. (1841) 224 Dare for wylle
sone dyscres. 1490 Caxton Enmeydos Prol. 2 mone
euler wauerynge, wexynge one season and waneth & dys-
creaseth another season. 1526 SkeLton Magny/. 2545 Now
ebbe, now flowe, nowe increase, nowe ———— 1530
Patsor. 518/2, I discresse, I lasse or dymynysshe.
B. 1382 Wycuir Gen. viii. 5 watres 3eden and decrees-
seden [1388 decresiden] vnto the tenthe moneth. c
Mavunpev. (Roxb.) vi. 23 to
1483 Cath. Angl. i
1,
1530 Pavsor. decrease,
INDALE Yok iii.
Suaks. Per. 1. ii. 85 Tyrants’ fears
awaye. 1534
pena bu Semin han the 776 Gipson
not, but than the years. ©
Decl. & F. ii 836) 1. The number of citizens ual
ppeccae ai ‘see Memos More Worlds iw. 28 The cone,
perature .. decreases as we rise in the atmosphere.
2. trans. To cause to grow less; to lessen,
par Chron, ii, F his brother
€ ARDING xvi. vii, For couetyse
to x Mirr. Mag., Cordila x\v, He first
decreast my wealth. 1 Suakxs. Zam. Shrew u. 119
ich I haue bettered rather then
decreast.” ‘r6qt Life Father Sarpi (1676) 60 Vet the Father
it. 1651 Life Fat: a
knew very well that age strength. c1718 Prior
An Epitaph 42 Nor cherish'd they relations poor,
might decrease their —— store. Mut in Even.
Star 10 July, That did not decrease in the least the hun-
dreds of miles which London was distant from Edin!
Hence Decrea‘sing vi/. sb. and ffi. a.,
creasingly adv.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vin. ii (r498) 298 In the
whyche waters..it makyth encreas: ; decresynge.
1591 Percivau Sp. Dict., Descreciwlento, decreasing. mo oe
LETCHER Isl. 1x. 1. 134 Which yet increases more
with the decreasing day. po Morse Amer. Geog. 1. 277
[Quakers] hold. aia faption with water to an
i decreasing dispensation, 1822 Zxaminer 219/1
DECREATION.
Glaring on its contiguou , and singly gl
to the foreground. Mod. Food was decreasingly scarce.
+ Decreation (dzkri)zi:fon). Ods. [f. Dx- 1.6
+CreEation. (In sense of ‘diminution’ décréation
is found in 14the. F.)] The undoing of creation ;
depriving of existence ; annihilation.
1647 Warp Simp. Cobler 47 As he is a creature, hee
feares decreation. 1678 Cupwortu Jnted/. Syst. 1. i. § 37.
45 More Reasonable..then the continual Decreation and
Annihilation of the souls of Brutes.
‘tor. Ods. [f. De- I. 6 + Creator,
implying a vb. decreate: see prec.] One who un-
creates or annihilates.
1678 CupwortH /xted/. Syst. 1. iv. § 25. 426 Not only the
Creator of all the other gods, but also..the Decreator of
them.
Decrece, obs. form of DECREASE.
Decree (dikrz*), sd. Also 4-6 decre. [a.
OF. decré, var. of decret (in pl. decrez, decres) =Pr.
decret, Sp., It. decreto, ad. L. décrétum, subst. use
of neuter of décrétus, pa. pple. of décernérve to
decree: see DECERN.]
1. An ordinance or edict set forth by the civil or
other authority ; an authoritative decision having
the force of law.
c1325 Z. E. Aliit. P. B. 1745 Pen watz demed a de-cre bi
al uk seluen. ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 122 At
mdon pei wer atteynt, decre was mad for pate. 1483
Cath. Angl. 92 A Decree, decretum. 1596 Suaks. Merch. V.
Iv. i. sige thers is no force in the decrees of Venice. 1637
(title), A Decree of the Starre-Chamber concerning Printing.
1697 DrypeN Virg. Georg. 11.7 ‘Vhe dire Decrees Of hard
Euristheus. 1 H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre'’s Stud. Nat.
(1799) III. 639 ‘The Constituent Assembly. . abolished, by it’s
decree of September 1791, the justice which it had done to
persons of colour in the Antilles. 182 J. Q. Apams in C.
Davies Metr. Syst. 11. (1871) 140 This report was sanctioned
by a decree of the assembly, ie Tennyson 70 the Queen
ix, To take Occasion by the hand, and make The bounds of
freedom wider yet By shaping some august decree.
Jig. 1596 Suaxs. Merch. V. 1. ii. 20 The braine may
deuise lawes for the blood, but a hot temper leapes ore
a colde decree. 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 1. 289 Whether
by Nature’s Curse, Or Fate’s Decree.
2. Zccl. An edict or law of an ecclesiastical
council, usually one settling some disputed or
doubtful point of doctrine or discipline; in Z/. the
collection of such laws and decisions, forming part
of the canon law. (Cf. DECRETAL.)
1303 R. Brunne Hand. Synne 4640 Hyt ys forbode hym,
yn pe decre, Myracles for to make or se. 1377 Lanc. ?.
Pi. B. xv. 373 Doctoures of decres and of diuinite Maistres.
*393 Gower Conf. I. 257 The pope.:hath made and yove
the decre. 1531 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 95
Master Morgan Johns, bachelor of decrees. 1564 (¢i¢/c),
A godly and necessarie Admonition of the Decrees and
Canons of the Counsel of Trent. 1691 Woop Ath. O-ron. 1.
20 He was .. admitted to the extraordinary reading of any
Book of the Decretals, that is to the degree of Bach. of
Decrees, which some call the Canon Law. 1726 Ay.irre
Parergon p. xxxvii, A Decree is an Ordinance which is
enacted by the Pope himself, by and with the advice of his
Cardinals in Council assembled, without being consulted by
any one thereon. 1843 Penny Cycl. XXV. 189/1 The king
and the queen-mother promised..that they would accept
the decrees of the Council [of Trent]. 1893, P. T. Forsytu
in Faith § Criticism 106 If that infallibility be carried
beyond Himself..there is no logical halting-place till we
arrive at the Vatican Decrees.
3. Theol. One of the eternal purposes of God
whereby events are foreordained.
1570. B. Gooce Pop. Kingd. 1. (1880) x All the Deuils
deepe in hell, at his decrees doe quake. 1648 Assembly's
Larger Catech. Q. 12 God’s Decrees are the wise, free, and
holy acts of the counsel of his will, whereby from all eternity,
he hath, for his own glory, unchangeably fore-ordained what-
soever comes to passe in time. a@xgret Ken Hymnariunt
Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 108 Her Conscience tells her God’s
Decree Full option gave, and made her free. 1860 Mor.ey
Netheri. (1868) I. i. 4 Philip stood enfeoffed, by divine decree,
of .. possessions far and near.
4. Law. A judicial decision. In various specific
uses: a Rom. Law. A decision given by the
emperor on a question brought before him judi-
cially.
1776-81 Gisson Decl. § F. xliv, The rescripts of the
emperor, his grants and decrees, his edicts and pragmatic
sanctions, were subscribed in purple ink. 1880 MuirHeap
Gaius 1. § 5 An imperial constitution is what the emperor
has established by decree, edict, or letter. It has never
— disputed that such a constitution has the full force of
alex.
b. Eng. Law, The judgement of a court of
equity, or of the Court of Admiralty, Probate, and
Divorce. But since the Judicature Act of 1873-5,
the term ‘judgement’ is applied to the decisions
of courts having both common law and equity
powers,
Decree is still used in Admiralty cases. In Divorce cases,
a decree is an order of the Court declaring the nullity or
dissolution of marriage, or the judicial separation of the
parties. Decree nisi: the order made by the court for
divorce, which remains conditional for at least six months,
after which, znless cause to the meerenge shown, it is
made absolute. In Ecclesiastical cases, é is a special
form of citation of the party to the suit.
1622 Cattis Stat. Sewers (1647) 231 A Decree is .. only
a Sentence or Judgement in a Court of Justice, delivered or
declared by the Judges there. 1x ol. Rec. Pr lo.
IV. 39 But two Causes, and both by Consent, have
brought to a Decree. 1768 Brackstone Comm. III. 451
ye 4 . *
109
When all are heard, the court pronounces the decree, adjust-
ing every point in debate according to equity and good
conscience. 1848 Wuarton Law Lex. s.v., Courts of
equity may adjust their decrees so as to meet different
exigencies. .whereas courts of common law are bound down
to a fixed and invariable form of judgment. 1873 Act 36 4
37 Vict. c. 66 §100 In the construction of this Act..the
several words herein-after mentioned shall have, or include,
the meanings following ; (that is to say)..‘ Judgment’ shall
include Decree. 1873 Puittimore Lccles. Law 1254 These
decrees or citations are signed by the Registrar of the Court.
1892 Geary Law of Marriage 354 A decree of judicial
separation may be subsequently turned into a decree for
dissolution. 1893 Barnes in Law Ref. Probate Div. 154
‘The decree I os will be: that the crew other than the
captain shall receive salvage according to their ratings.
Mod. Newspr., A decree nist was pronounced. ‘The decree
was made absolute. : ;
e. Sc. Law. ‘The final judgement or sentence of
a civil court, whereby the question at issue between
the parties is decided ; strictly, a judgement which
can be put in force by containing the executive
words ‘ and decerns’: cf. DECERNITURE,
Decrees are said to be condentmator or absolvitor accord-
ing as the decision is in favour of the pursuer or the defender.
A decree in absence is a decree pronounced against a de-
fender who has not appeared and pleaded on the merits of
the cause = ‘ Judgement by Default’ in English Common
Law. Decree of Registration is a decree jictione juris of
a court, interposed without the actual invervention of
a judge, in virtue of the party’s consent toa decree going
out against him. Decree arbitral: an award by one or
more arbiters: see ArbitraL. Decree dative: see Dative.
Decree of Locatity, Modification, and Valuation of Teinds :
various decisions of the Teind Court. (Bell, Dict. Law
Scot?. 1861.) Cf. earlier DecrEer 1b.
1754 Erskine Princ. Sc. Law (1809) 484 Before horning
could pass on the decree of an inferior judge, the decree
was, by our former practice, to have been judicially produced
before the Session, and their authority interposed to it by
a new decree. 1861 W. Bett Dict. Law Scot. s.v., The
decree issued by the Court of Session in aid of the inferior
court decree, was called a decree conform. 1877 Mackay
Practice Crt. Session 1. 581 ‘The term decree is now some-
times used interchangeably with zterlocutor, though it
might be convenient to apply the former to a final deter-
mination by which the whole or a substantive part of the
cause is decided, and the latter to an order pronounced in
its course.
Decree (d/kr7), v. Also 6 decre, decrey.
[f. DecrEE s6.: cf. F. déeréter, f. décret.]
1. trans. To command (something) by decree ;
to order, appoint, or assign authoritatively, or-
dain.
1399 Rolls of Parit. U1. 424/1 [Their] Commissaries. ,
declared and decreed, and adjugged yowe fore to be deposed
and pryved. .ofthe Astate of Kyng. 1538 Starkey England
1. i, 20 No partycular mean by cyuyle ordynance decred.
1590 Martowre Edw. //, Wks. (Rtldg.) 194/2 ‘The stately
triumph we decreed. @ 1627 Mipp.eton A/ayor of Q. 1. il,
Upon the plain of Salisbury A peaceful meeting they decreen.
1637 Decree Star Chamber § 11 It is further Ordered and
Decreed, that no Merchant, Bookseller. .shall imprint. .any
English bookes [etc.]. @ 1718 Rowe (J.), Their father. .has
decreed His sceptre to the younger. 1858 Froupr //ist. Eng.
III. xii. 13 The English parliaments were..decreeing the
dissolution of the smaller monasteries. 1876 J. H. Newman
Hist. Sk. 1, ut. i. 309 The cities sent embassies to him,
decreeing him public honours.
b. fig. To ordain as by Divine appointment, or
by fate.
¢ 1580 C’ress Pemproke Ps, (1823) cxix. B. iii, What thou
dost decree. 1594 Hooker Eccé, Pol. 1. ii. (1611) 4 Wherewith
God hath eternally decreed when and how they should be.
r6o0r Suaks. 7wel. N.1. v. 330 What is decreed, must be: and
be this so. 1795 SoutHEY Yoan of Arc v1. 68 For Heaven
all-just Hath seen our sufferings and decreed their end.
1841 Lane Arad. Nts. I. 111 Give me patience, O Allah, to
bear what Thou decreest.
2. Law. + To pronounce judgement on (a cause),
decide judicially (0ds.) ; to order or determine by
a judicial decision; to adjudge; adso/. to give
judgement in a cause.
1530 Parser. 509/1, I shall decree it or it be to morowe
noone. 1570 Levins 46/39 To Decree, decernere. 1621 ELSING
Debates Ho. Lords (Camden) 112 He decreed the cause
not hearing any one wytnesse. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2)
I. 469 It was decreed to be a resulting trust for the grantor.
Ibid. V1. 489 Lord Bathurst decreed accordingly. 189
Law Reports Weekly Notes 43/1 The Court would not
decree specific performance of a contract of service.
3. To decide or determine authoritatively ; to
pronounce by decree.
@157t JewEL Serm. Haggai i. 4 Our fathers in the
Councill holden at Constance.. have decreed .. that, to
minister the Communion to a lay man under both kinds, is
an open heresie. 1651 Hoppes Leviath. 1. xxii. 116 What-
soever that Assembly shall Decree. 1837 CartyLe /'”. Rev.
L. v. ii, The Third Estate is decreeing that it is, was, and will
be nothing but a National Assembly.
tb. To decree (a person) for: to put him down
as, pronounce him to be, Ods. rare.
1616 Beaum. & FL. Scornful Lady w. i, Such a Coxcomb,
such a whining Ass, as you decreed me for when I was last
ere. -
+4, To determine, resolve, decide (¢o do some-
thing). Ods. or arch.
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 86b, Decreyinge with
them selfe..to beare and suffre all thynges. 1599 SHaxs.
Much Ado. iii. 35, Lhaue decreed not to sing in my cage.
1697 DryvEen Virg. Georg. 1v..333 When thou hast decreed
to seize their Stores. 1754 Fietpinc You. Wild w. viii,
Here we decreed to rest and dine. 1871 R. Etis Catudlus
viii. 17 Who decrees to live thine own
DECREMENT.
5. absol. or intr. To decide, determine, ordain.
1591 Spenser Auines of Rome vi. 11 So did the Gods by
heavenly doome decree. 1600 Suaxs. A. Y. LZ. 1. ii. 111 As
the destinies decrees. 1647-8 CoTrerELL Davila’s Hist. Fr.
(1678) 3 Laws, decreed of in the fields [of battle]. 1667
Mizton P. L. 111. 172 As my Eternal purpose hath decreed.
Hence Decree'd ///. a., Decree‘ing v/. sb. and
pl. a.
1548 Upatt, etc. Eras. Par. Phil.ii. (R.), Suche was the
decreed wyll of the father. 1591 Srenser Ruins of Time 35
Bereft of both by Fates vniust decreeing. 1618 BoLton Florus
ut. xxi. 242 Hee laboured by the law of Sulpitius to take from
Sulla his decreed employment. 1878 SEELEY Stein II. 133
‘The decreeing and executing Power not being combined.
Decreeable (dékr7ab'l), a. rare. [-aBLE.]
Capable of being decreed.
1846 WorcESTER cites VERNON,
T Decree'ment. Obs. [-mENT.] A decreeing,
a decree.
1563-87 Foxe A. & JZ. (1596) 5/1 These. .expresse decree-
ments of general councels. 1601 Br. W. Bartow Defense
197 The sole .. iudge of all writings and decreementes.
Decreement, obs. (erron.) f. DECREMENT.
Decreer (dikrzo1). [-Er!.] One who decrees.
1660 H. More J/yst. God?. vi. ii. 283 The word naturally
signifies a Commander or Decreer. 1664 — Myst. nig. 285
A Decreer of Idolatrous practices. a 1679 T. Goopwin IVs.
I. 111. 103 (R.), The first decreer of it.
Decrees, decreesse, obs. forms of DECREASE.
Decreet (dikrit), sb. Obs. or arch. Forms:
4-5 decret, 5-7 decreit, decrete, 6- decreet.
[a. F. décret, or ad. L. décrét-um : see DECREE s6.]
+1. An earlier form of the word DEcREE, entirely
Oés. in English, and in Sc. retained only as in b.
¢ 1374 Cuavcer Boeth. 1. iv. 17 poru3 her decretz and hire
iugementys. c 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vi. v. 172 He gert
pame bare decrete retrete, And all tyl wndo paire sentens.
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 108 b/1 Lyke as it is had in the
decrete. 1552 Asp. Hamitton Catech, (1884) 5 Vhe decreet
maid in our provincial counsale. 1§71 Sat. Poems Reform.
xxviii. 78 Aganis thair Cannoun Law thay gaif decreit.
a 1605 MontGomeriE J7isc. Poems xxxii. 10 Nane dou
reduce the Destinies decreit.
b. Sc. Law. =DECREE 4c.
form in Sc. ; now ay.)
1491 Sc. Acts Yas. [V (1597) § 30 Within twentie daies
after the decreet of the deliuerance be given there vpon.
1584 Sc. Acts Fas. V1 (1597) § 139 All decreetes giuen be
quhatsumeuer Judges. 1609 SKENE Keg. J/a/. 21 The effect
of ane decreit given be Arbiters is, that it sall be obeyed,
quhither it be just or nocht. _ 17§2 in. Scots Jag. June (1753)
287/2 He had procured a sist..against the decreet. 1812
Cuacmers Let. in Life (1851) I. 272 The only effect of this
decreet of the Court of Teinds. 1824 Sco1r Redgauntlet
ch. ii, It went .. just like a decreet in absence. 1833 Act
3-4 Will, IV, c 46 § 70 Such summary decreets and
warrants,
+2. A decision, determination. O/s. rare.
€ 1400 A fol. Loll. 101 Chaunge pi decret, & do not pis
pat pu hast vowid unwarly. c¢ 1470 Henry Wadlace vin.
630 This decret thar wit amang thaim fand; Gyff Wallace
wald apon him tak the croun, To gyff battaill thai suld be
redy boun.
+ Decreet (dikrt), 7. Ods.
[a. F. déeréte-r, f. décret DECREE,
15th c.]
1. trans. To decree, order, ordain.
¢1425 Wyntoun Cron. vi. iv. 72 He Decretyd hym bar
Kyng to be. 1457 Sc. Acts Fas. J] (1814) I]. 48/1 It is
decretyt & ordainyt pt wapinschawings be haldin be pe
lords. 1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 1. xlix.
97,a/1 It is decreted by sentence dyuyne. c¢ 1565 LinpEesay
(Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (1728) 62 It is also. .decreeted that
all faithful men shall lay to their shoulders for expelling of
thir common enemies. 1633 Sc. Acts Chas. / (1817) V. 42/2
Quhat they sall decreit and determine. x
2. To decide, determine, resolve (¢o do something).
1582-8 Hist. F¥ames VI (1804) 138 He decrettit to pas
hame, and to leaue the Regent's company.
3. zntr. To pronounce a decision or judgement.
1563 Win3eT J’ks. (1890) II. 30 Paraduentuir he. .hes
brestit out erar of a manlie passioun, than decretit be
heuinlie ressoun. 1597 MontcomeriE Cherrie §& Slae 1324
Since 3e 3oursells submit To doas I decreit. 1609 SkENE
Reg. Maj. 21 Be consent of the parties, the Arbiters may
decreit as they please. did. 65 Arbiters..may not decreit
vpon ane halie day.
Hence Decree‘ted A#/. a., decreed.
172 . Wodrow Corr. (1843) 11.558 A Decreeted Non-juror,
1761 Hume Hist. Eng. 11. xxx. 168 The more to pacify the
king he showed to him. .the decreted bull.
Decrement (dekr#mént). [ad. L. décrément-
um, f. decré- stem of inceptive déré-sc-re to Dx-
CREASE ; see -MENT.]
1. The process or fact of decreasing or growing
gradually less, or (with Z/.) an instance of this ;
decrease, diminution, lessening, waste, loss. (Op-
posed to zxcrenrent.)
1621 Mountacu Diatribe 310 The decrements of the
(The vernacular
Forms: see prec.
Only Sc. after
First-fruits. 1631 Bratuwair Whimsies 93 Hee would
finde his decr reat, his inc s small: his receits
come farre short of his disbursements. 1660 BoyLe New
Exp. Phys. Mech, xxi, 151 The greater decrement of the
pressure of the Air. 1695 Woopwarp Wat. Hist. Earth v.
(1723) 253 Rocks. .suffer a continual Decrement, and grow
lower and lower. 1774 J. Bryant Mythology I. 339 Asociety
..where there is.a continual decrement. 1840 J. H. Green
Vital Dynamics 81 Signs of the decrement of vital energy.
th. sfec. Bodily decay, wasting away. -Ods. -
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep.-v1. iv. 289 Our decrement
accelerates, we set.apace, and in our last dayes precipitate
_ DECREPIT.
into our graves. 1692 Ray Dissol. World 1, v. (x79) 340
There isa t or Decay both of Things and Men.
ce. The wane (of the moon) ; oe in Heraldry.
1610 Guituim Heraldry ui. iii. (1611) 91 Her divers de-
nominations in Heraldrie, as her increment in her increase
.sher di t in her ing and her detriment in her
change’ and eclipse. 1822 T. “Taytor Apuleius 292 The
Moon..defining the month through her increments, and
afterwards by her equal decrements. cae
da. Decrement of life: in the doctrine of annuities
and tables of mortality: The (annual) decrease of
a given number of persons by death.
1952 Phil. Trans. XLVII. liii. 335 The decrements of life
may be esteemed nearly equal, after a certain age. 1
Brakenrince ibid. XLIX. 180 It will be easy to form a table
of the decrements of life. 185: Herscnet Stud. Nat. Phil.
u. vi. 178 The decrement of life, or the law of mortality.
e. Crystallography. * A successive diminution of
the layers of molecules, applied to the faces of the
primitive form, by which the secondary forms are
supposed to be produced’ (Webster).
1805-17 R. Jameson Char. Min. (ed. 3) 146 The decre-
ments on the edges concur with those in the angles to pro-
duce the same crystalline form. 1823 H. J. Brooke /xtrod.
Crystallogr. 18 en the additions do not cover the whole
surface of a primary form, but there are rows of molecules
omitted on the edges, or angles of the superimposed plates,
such omission is called a decrement. 1858 BuckLe Civiliz.
II. vii. 402 The secondary forms of all crystals are derived
from their primary forms by a regular process of decrement.
2. The amount lost by diminution or waste;
spec. in Math, a small quantity by which a variable
diminishes (¢. g. in a given small time).
1666 Boye Orig. Formes & Qual., [What] the obtained
powder amounts to over and above the decrement of
weight. 1758 I. Lyons //uxious go Let Y be the decrement
of y. 1812-6 Prayrair Nat. Phil. Ge) I. 227 The de-
crements of heat in each second. 1846 H. Rocers /ss. (1860)
1. 202 Admitting increase or diminution by infinitely small
increments or decrements. 1883 Lconomist 15 Sept., If the
unearned increment is to be appropriated by the State...
The undeserved decrement, as perhaps it may be called,
would surely claim compensation.
+3. Applied to certain college expenses at Ox-
ford: see quot. 1726. Obs.
(1483 in Arnolde Chyon. (1811) 271 Item in decrementis, iij.
li. vij. s’. i. d’.]_ 1726 R. Newton in Reminiscences (Oxf.
Hist. Soc.) 64 Decrements, each Scholar’s proportion for
Fuel, Candles, Salt, and other common necessaries : origin-
ally so call’d as so much did, on these accounts, decrescere,
or was discounted from a Scholar's Endowment.
+ Decrepi‘dity. vare—'. [f. decrepid, variant
of DEcrEPIT, after ¢¢midity, etc.) = DECREPI-
TUDE.
1760 Misc. in Ann. Reg. 190/2 Age pictured in the mind
is decrepidity in winter, retiring in the evening to the com-
fortable shelter of a fire-side.
Decrepit (dikre'pit), a. (st.) Also 6 decre-
pute, decreaped, 6-7 decrepite, -et, 7 -ate,
7-9 decrepid, 8 decripid, -ed, decripped. [a. I’.
décrépit (16th c.), in 15the. descrepy, ad. L. décrepit-
us very old, decrepit, f. dé- down + crepit-, ppl.
stem of crepare to crack, creak, rattle. The final
-it has had many forms assimilated to pa. pples.,
adjs. in -2d, etc.
1. Of living beings (and their attributes): Wasted
or worn out with old age, decayed and enfeebled
with infirmities ; old and feeble.
1450 Henryson Praise of Age 2 Ane auld man, and de-
crepit, hard I sing. 511-2 Act 3 Hen. VIII, c. 381
Every man .. not lame decrepute or maymed. 1550 Crow-
Ley Inform. & Petit. 463 To sustayne theyr parents decrepet
age. 1606 Warner Alb. Eng. xiv, Ixxxix. 361 A fourth
farre older decrepate with age. 1689-90 Tempe Ess.
110
te (dikre-pitet), 2 [f. med. of
mod.L. decrepitare, f. dé- down, away + -crepitare
to crackle, freq. of crepare to crack. Cf. F. décré-
piter (1690 in Hatzf.).]
1. trans. To calcine or roast (a salt or mineral)
until it no longer crackles in the fire.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. u. v. 87 And so will it
come to passe in a pot of salt, although decrepitated, _
Bovie Porousn. Anim. & Solid Bod. viii. 125 A pound o'
Dantzick Vitriol and a pound of Sea Salt, after the former
had been very lightly calcined, and the latter decrepitated.
1799 G. SmitH Ladoratory 1. 379 Decrepitate them, i.e. di
them till gg Ramm in a pan, crucible, or clean fire shovel.
3832 G. R. Porter Porcelain § Gi. 82 ‘The salt purified
and decrepitated,—that is, subjected to the action of heat
until all crackling noise has ceased.
2. intr. Of salts and minerals: To make a
crackling noise when suddenly heated, accompanied
es a violent disintegration of their particles.
‘his is owing to the sudden conversion into steam of the
within the substance, or, as in some natural
ion of the laminz which
water enclo:
minerals, to the unequal exp the
compose them. Watts Dict. Chem.
1677 PLor O-xfordsh. 54 Put in the fire, it presently de-
crepitates with no less noise than salt itself, 1800 tr.
Lagrange’s Chem. 1, 331 If transparent calcareous spar be
exposed to a sudden heat, it decrepitates and loses its
eines ota & 1849 Dana Geol. v. (1850) 324 note, It de-
crepitates.. but does not fuse.
Hence Decre‘pitated ///. a., Decre‘pitating
vl, sb, and ppl. a.
1662 R. Matuew Und. Alch. § 101. 165 Let thy salt
stand meanly red til it wil crack no more, and that is called
decrepitating. 1765 Univ. Mag. XXXVII. 84/2, I..take
equal parts of decrepitated salt and nitre. 1819 H. Busk
Vestriad v. 53 Decrepitating salts with fury crack. 1874
Grove Contrib. Sc. in Corr. Phys. Forces 304 A brilliant
combustion, attended with a decrepitating noise. i
Decrepitation (dékrepite'jan). [n. of action
f. DECREPITATE: see -ATION, Also mod.F. (1742
in Hatzf.), and prob. in 16-17th c. page| The
action of the verb DecrEPITATE; a. The calcining
of a salt or mineral until it ceases to crackle with
the heat. b. The crackling and disintegration of
a salt or mineral when exposed to sudden heat.
1669 W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 142 Unless the hydro-
pick moisture..be exhausted by flagration or decrepitation.
1685 Phil. Trans. XV. 1061 In the decrepitation of common
| canon laws, or decretal epistles of the
Salt. 1827 Farapay Chem, Manip. v. 160 Decrepitation is |
fowally occasioned by the expansion of the outer portions
fore the interior has had time to heat. 1830 LinpLey Vat.
Syst. Bot. 242 Said to contain nitre, a proof of whichis shewn |
by their frequent decrepitation when thrown on the fire.
Decrepitly (dikre'pitli), adv. [-Ly*.] Ina
decrepit manner.
1848 Lowett Sir Launfal u.i, And she rose up decrepitly |
For a last dim look at earth and sea.
+ Decre’pitness. O/s. Also 7-8 decrepid-.
[-ness.] = DECREPITUDE.
1601 Cornwattyes /. x, Before decrepitness and death
catch me. 1677 Wycnertey Pl. Dealer u1. i, Wou'dst thou
make me the Staff of thy Age, the Crutch of thy Decrepid- |
ness? 1703 J. Savace Lett, Antients viii. 49 The Decrepid-
ness of extream Old Age.
Decrepitude (d/kre‘pitivd). [a. F. décrépi-
tude (14th c.), prob. repr. a med.L. *décrepitiido,
f. décrepitus, or on the model of similar formations :
see -TUDE.] The state or condition of being de-
crepit ; a state of feebleness and decay, esp. that
due to old age. “it. and fig.
1603 Frorio Montaigne 1. xix. (1632) 37 She .. dies in her
decrepitude. 178% Jounson Rambler No. 151? 1'The several
stages by which animal life makes its progress from infancy
Health & Long Life Wks. 1731 1. 273 With o
Diseases Strength grows decrepit. 1752 Paco Amelia
(1775) X. 4 Poor old decrepit people, who are incapable of
getting a livelihood by work. Biack Adv. Phaeton
xx. 283 Some poor old pensioner, decrepit and feeble-eyed.
B. decrepid,etc, a 1616 Beaum. & Fi. Lit. Fr. er
1. i, shalt not find I am decrepid. 1696 Drypen Le?.
Mrs. Stewart 1 Oct. Wks. 1800 I. 11.66 How can you be so
‘ood to an old decrepid man? 1719 D’Urrey Pills (1872
V. 72 Decripped old Sinners. 1820 W. Irvine Skete:
Bk, 1, 216 A poor aan ae old woman, 1845 G. E. Day tr.
Simon's Anim. Chem, 1. 204 An old, decrepid..animal,
2. 7ig. of thin
1594 Nasue Unfort. Trav. 23 ‘The decrepite Churches in
contention beyond sea. 1646 Sir T. Browne Psend. Ep.
V. xxi. 2! eT) superstitions. 1780 Burke Sf. Econ,
Reform Wks. 111, 261 poor wasted decrepid revenue
of the principality, 1863 D. G. Mrrcuett A/y Farm of
Edgewood 124 The Ts apple trees are rooted up. 1878
Lecky Lng. in 18th C, I. i. 116 The military administra-
tions of surrounding nations were singularly di it and
corrupt, as
B. sb, One who is decrepit. Obs. or Jocal.
1578 Banister Hist. Man 1, 25 In men full of dayes, and
arrested. .
such decrepittes as old age hath long 1887 5S,
Cheshire Gloss., Decrippit, a cripple, lame person.
+ pit,v. Obs—' [f. prec.] To make
decrepit (see quot.),
3688 R. Hotme Armoury m. 310/2 The Tying Neck and
Heels, is a Punish of decrepi that is umming
the Body, by drawing it all together, as it were into a
rou
+ Decrepitage, Decrepitancy, Ods. Irregular
formations = DECREPITUDE,
1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals 1. ut. 176 Of his goodness
and decrepitage [4onta e¢ decrepita). bid, 11. uu. 302 His
age .. his infirmities, and decrepitancy,
to decrepitude. 1784 Cowrer 7ask u1. 489 Praise from the
rivel’d lips of toothless, bald Decrepitude. 1871 R. Evtis
Catullus \xi. 161 Still when hoary — .. Nods a
tremulous Yes toall. 1875 Merivace Gen, /ist. Rome xxv.
(1877) 627 Paganism thus stricken down in her decrepitude
never rose again. :
+ Deore pity. Obs. [a. OF. décrépité (15-17th
c. in Godef.), ad. med.L, décrepit-ds, -tatem (Du
Cange), f. L. décrepitus.] = DECREPITUDE.
ay Newton tr. Lemnie’s Complex. 30 a, The firste enter-
aunce and steppe into Olde Age, which is the nexte neigh-
boure to decrepitie and dotage. 1598 FLorio, Decrepita..
olde age, decrepitie. 1603 — Montaigne 1. xxix. (1632) 394
Being demanded what his studies would stead him in his
decrepity. 1605 Cuarman 4 // Fooles Plays 1873 I. 160 A true
Loadstone to draw on Decrepity.
Decrescence (dikreséns). vare. [ad. L. aé-
créscentia decreasing, waning, f. décréscére to Dr-
CREASE; see -ENCE, Waning state or condition.
1872 Contemp. Rev. X. They have attained their
of develop and, by inevitable sequence, have
begun their decrescence.
|| Decrescendo (dékrefendo), Mus. [It. =
decreasing.] A musical direction indicating that
the tone is to be gradually lessened in force or
loudness; = DrinvEnpo, As sd.; A gradual
diminution of loudness of tone,
1880 Grove Dict. Mus. s.v., A decrescendo of 48 bars from
St.
pecrescen’ (d?kre’sént), a.and sd. Also 7-8
decressant. [ad. L. décréscent-em, pr.
décréscéve to DECREASE: see-ENT, For the earlier
—. CRESCENT.]
pple. of
cf.
adj. Decreasing, growing gradually less. | Keys are given to our
DECRETAL.
Chiefly of the moon: Waning, in her decrement ;
in Her, represented with the horns towards the
sinister side. In Zot. applied to organs which de-
crease gradually from the base u
1610 Guim Heraldry i. iii. (1660) 111 He beareth Azure,
a Moon decressant Proper. 1674 JEAKE A7ith. 1. (1696) 30
‘Then draw the D L lar, or Sep ix.
Cuampers Cycé. s.v. Decrement, ‘The moon looking to F <4
pate 3” Petal. Uh a6y ne ao
1x PINKERTON WAIL mens,
which p dad prog: “ , with regard to the
size of the grain. 1872 Tennyson Gareth § Lyn. 518 Be-
tween the and d moon.
B. sb, The moon in her decrement or wane : used
in Her. as a bearing. (Opposed to zncrescent.)
1616 Buttokar, Decressant, the Moone in the last quarter.
23620 Fertuam Resolves xxviii. (1st ed.) 88 Thus while he
sinnes, he is a Decressant; when he ts, a Cressant.
1691 Lond. Gaz. No. 2674/4 A Cross Moline between 2 In-
crescents and 2 Decrescents. 1851 J. B. Hume Poems,
Glenfinlas 162 The wan decrescent’s slanting beams.
, decresse, obs. forms of DECREASE.
Decresion, var. of DecrETIon Ods., decrease.
Decretal (dikr7tal), a. sd. Also 4-7 -ale,
-all(e, (7 decreetall). [a. F. décrétal,-ale(13thc.),
ad. L. decrétalis of or containing a , whence
med.L. décrétales (sc. epistole) papal letters con-
taining decrees, décrétale a decree, statute, constitu-
tion.] A. adj.
1. Pertaining to, of the nature of, or containing,
a decree or decrees. a. Pertaining to the pore!
decrees: see B. 1. + Decretal right: canon law.
1489 Caxton Faytes of A. um. v. 175 After the decretall and
cyuyll ryght. 1561 T. Norton Cadvin's Just. 1. vii. 43 The
decretall epistles heaped together by Gregorie the .ix. sles
Foxe A. & M. (1596) 5/1 Decided be certeine new decre
or rather extradecretal and extravagant constitutions. —_
"168s
Donne in Select. (1840) 18 The word inspired by the
Ghost ; not apocryphal, not decretal, not traditional.
Burnet Rights Princes v. 165 That impudent roxaey of
the Decretal Epistles. 1765 Biackstone Comm. 1, 59 The
are .. rescripts
in the strictest sense. 1823 Lixcarp Hist. Eng. VI. 193 Cam-
peggio had read the decretal bull to him and his minister.
. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a decree of
Chancery or other civil court.
1689 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. 1. 253 Persuant to a Decretall
order of y? Provinll. Judges. 1714 Lond. Gas. No. 5253/4
A Decretal Order made in the High Court of Chance:
1819 Swanston Reforts (Chancery) IIL, 238 ‘The bill cou id
not be dismissed by motion of course. t order was de-
cretal, and necessarily retained the cause. 1884 Weekly
Notes 20 Dec. 242/2 Such an order is decretal only and not
a final foreclosure judgment.
+2. Having the force of a decree or absolute
command, imperative. b. ¢vansf. of the person
who commands. Oés.
ax610 Heaey Efictetus’ Man. \xxiv. (1636) 95 To observe
all these as decretall lawes, never to bee violated. 1610
St. Aug. Citie of God xx1. viii. re Hopp | Gogonas Pot
[
law hath God laid nm nature. J. Goopman Penit.
Pardoned i. ii. (1713) 192 When he Almighty] .. seems
to have been most peremptory and decretal in tis threat-
enings.
+3. Decisive, definitive. Ods. rare.
1608 Carman Byron's Trag. Plays 1873 II. 319 So heer's
a most decreetall end of — Evetyn Numism, vii.
252 The decretal Battel at PI la.
B. sd.
1. Eccl. A Loe decree or decretal epistle; a
document issued by a Pope, containing a decree
or authoritative decision on some point of doctrine
or ecclesiastical law, b. f/. The collection of such
decrees, forming part of the canon law.
c13g0 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 337, & if pe decretal ne
were ordeynd for pis, Pe clerkes ouer alle ne rouht to do
amys. 1377 Lact. P. Pi. B. v. 428 Ac in canoun ne in be
decretales { can nou3te rede a lyne. 148 Caxton J/yrr. 1.
v. 26 They .. lerne anon the lawes or decretals. c 1555
HarrsrieLp Divorce Hen, VIII (1878) 191 That .. the Pope
would sign a | drawn out for 1645
Mitton Colast, Wks. (1851) 358 ‘To uphold his opinion,
Canons, and Gregorian deccatihs 1745 tr. Dujin's Eccl.
Hist. 17th C. 1. v.69 The Name of Decretals is particularly
given to the Letters of the which contain Constitu-
tions and Regulations. 1818 Hattam Mid. Ape (1841) I.
vii. 524 Upon these spurious decretals was built the great
fabric of supremacy over the different national
churches, 1856 Froupr //ist. Eng. II. ix, 312 The first de-
cretal, which was withheld Wd Campeggio, in w! had
pronounced the iage with Catherine invalid. 1860 Lit,
Churchman V1. 304/2 The false decretals of Isidore.
“| The sing. was occasionally used instead of the
fi. in sense b above. Obs. hatin,
1531 Dial. Laws Eng. u. xxvi. (2658) 110 They
teamed inthe jaw .. hold the d a bindet - chee eo
ealme. 1 ‘oxe A. & A, (1 + 307
brought forth a Decretal, a Book a; ee Wichon of homme
Law, to bind me to answer.
2. transf. A decree, ordinance.
1588 Greene Perimedes 3 ‘To phlebotomie, to fomenta-
cions, and such medicinall decretals. a 1652 J. Sur Sel.
Dise.v,171 Which are not the Id
of the pire nature, ye Martineau Stud. Chr. 86 A re-
decretals of Eternity.
+ Decretaliarch. [F.déerétaliarche} A
Obs.
word of Rabelais: the lord of decretals, the Pope.
in Brount. . [from ve]. 3708 Motrevx
R lais 1v. liv, The blessed Tisctben sf Heaven, whose
good God and Decretaliarch,
DECRETALINE.
+ Decre'taline, 2. Ods. [f. DECRETAL + -INE.]
Of or belonging to the Decretals.
1600 O. E. Repl. Libel u. iii. 59 They haue .. receiued a
new decretaline law, wherein they walke more curiously,
then in the law of God, 7d. u1. iv. 90 Their decretaline
doctrine is neither sound, nor holy. 1708 Morreux Radelais
iv. xlix. (1737) 199 Our old Decretaline Scholiasts.
Decretalist (d/kr7talist), [mod. f. DecreraL
(B, 1) +-18t: ef. F. décrétaliste (14th c.), and Dr-
CRETIST.] One versed in the Decretals. +b. One
who holds the Calvinistic doctrine as to the decrees
of God (cf. DEORETAL a. 2).
1710 D. Wuitey Disc. Five Points vi. i. (1817) 400 If these
Decretalists may take sanctuary in the fore-knowledge God
hath of things future, the Hobbists and the Fatalists may do
thesame, 1872 R. Jenkins in Archeol. Cant. VIII. 66 note,
Apostacy according to the decretalists is a threefold crime.
Decre‘tally, adv. [-ty*.] Ina decretal way,
by way of decree.
1621 W. Scrarer Tythes (1623) 215 Doctrinally, or rather
decretally, its deliuered by Vrban. 1626 — Expos. 2 Thess.
(1629) 104 When were these dogmatized and decretally
stablished for catholique doctrine? 1716 M, Davigs A then.
Brit. 11. To Rdr. 43 The Supream Divinity of Jesus Christ,
as decretally Pre-existing in the Hypostatick Union.
t+tDecre'tary. Os. [f. L. décrzt-um DecrEr
+-ARY.] One versed in the Deecrctals.
1581 J. Bett Haddon’s Answ. Osor. 358b, For Evange-
listes, cruell Canonistes, Copistes, Decretaries,
Decrete. 1. =Drorexr 4a. [A special adapt-
ation of L. decrétum.|
1832 Austin Yurispr. (1879) II. xxviii. 534 The most im-
portant .. of these special constitutions were those decretes
and rescripts which were made by the Emperors .. a decrete
being an order made on a regular appeal from the judgment
of a lower tribunal.
2. Obs. var. of DECREET.
+ Decre‘tion. Ods. Also 7 decresion. [n.
of action from L. décrét-, ppl. stem of décrésccre to
DECREASE; cf. accretion, concretion. (Not used in
L., which had a different décrétio from décerncve to
decree.)] Decrease, diminuticn.
1635 Swan Sfec. M. iv. § 2 (1643) 68 The clouds .. by de-
scending make no greater augmentation then the decresion
was in their ascending. 1659 Pearson Creed (1839) 73 By
which decretion we might guess at a former increase.
Decretist (d7kr7tist), [ad. med.L. dérétista,
f, décrétum DECREE: see -IST. So OF. dé&rétiste
(1499 in Godef.), earlier décrétistre (see next).]
One versed in the Decretals; a decretalist.
cx1400 Afol. Loll, 75 Pe decretistis, pat are Israelitis ., as
to be part of sciens pat pey han tane of Godis lawe, &
Egipcians, as to pe part bat bey haue of worldly wysdam.
1656 Biounr Glossogr., Decretist, a Student, or one that
studies the Decretals. 1726 AyLirre Parergon xx, The De-
cretists had their Rise and Beginning, even under the Reign
of the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. 1871 VauGHAN Life
St. Thomas 352 To attend the lectures of the decretists.
+ Decreti‘stre. Ods. [a. OF. décrétisire (13th
c. in Littré), ad. med.L. décrétista: see -ISTRE:
later décrétiste (see prec.).] =prec.
I Lanct. P. P2. C. xvi. 85 This doctor and diuinour,
and deoretisere of canon, Hath no pite on vs poure.
Decretive (dikr7tiv), a. [f. L. dérét-, ppl.
stem of décernére to DECREE+-IVE.] Having the
attribute of decreeing ; = DEoRETORY I.
1609 Br. W. Bartow Answ. Nameless Cath. 170 Either
discretiue .. or directiue .. and thirdly decretiue, which is in
the Prince, either affirmatiuely to binde those within his com-
passe[etc.]. 165r Baxter uf. Baft. 269 To distinguish be-
tween event and duty; the Decretive and Legislative will
of God. 1770 Westey Wks. (1872) XIV. 195 Both the choice
of the former, and the decretive omission of the latter were
owing .. to the sovereign will..of God. 1874 H. R. Rey-
noLps Fohn Bapt. iii. § 3. 206 They are ., too specific and
too decretive in their essence.
Hence Decretively adv.
1610 Hratry St. Aug. Citie of God 808 The thousand
years are decretively meant of the devills bondage onely.
+ Decreto'rial, 2. Obs. rare, [f. L. décrétiri-
us DECRETORY + -AL.]
1. =DeEcretory 3.
1588 J. Harvey Disc. Probl, 25 The great Climactericall,
Hebdomaticall, Scalary, Decretoriall yeere. did. 93 Is it
therefore impossible .. that any of those should see as far
into Decretoriall numbers? 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud, Ep.
1v. xii. 212 The medicall or Decretoriall month,
2, =DErEcreETorY 1.
1778 Farmer Lett, to Worthington i.(R.), That I..overrule
the Scripture itself, in a decretorial manner.
+ Decreto'rian, a. Obs, [f. as prec, + -AN.]
Decisive, critical; = DEoRETORY 2, 3.
. 1679 J. Goopman Penit. Pardoned . ii. (1713) 289 There
is no decretorian battle, nor is the business decided wu
a push. 1716 M. Davies Athen. Brit. m1, Diss. Physick 54
The ancient Greek Physicians made .. Astrology or Astro-
nomy, with their Critical and D: ian Days,a id
able Part of their Medicinal Studies,
Decre‘torily, adv. ? Obs. [f. next + -1¥ 2.]
In a decretory manner ; positively, decisively.
1660 Jer. TavLor Duct. Dudit.u. ii. rule vi. § 33 All which
speak .. decretorily and rekon and zealously. =
TE Goodman Wint. Ev. Conf. m. (T.), Deal concisely an
decretorily, that I may be brought .. to the point you
drive at, -
Decretory (dékr*tari), a. Now rare or Obs.
[ad. L. décrétori-us, f. décrét- ppl. stem of L, dz-
cérnére to determine, DECREE; see -oRY.]
111
1. Of the nature of, involving, or relating to, a
decree, authoritative decision, or final judgement.
@ 1631 Donne in Select. (1840) 83 We banish .. all imagin-
ary fatality, and all decretory impossibility of concurrence
and co-operation to our own salvation. 1649 Jer. Taytor
Gt. Exemp. u, vii. 37 Those decretory and finall words of
S. Paul: He that defiles a Temple, him will God destroy.
1673 Baxter Let. in Answ, Dodweil 82 You appropriate
the Decretory Power to your Monarch; and communicate
only the executive. 1737 J. Crarxe Hist. Bible (1740) 11.
v. 128 Jesus, knowing they had passed a decretory sentence
against Him. 1807 Ropinson Archeol. Greca 1, xvi.77 The
decretory sentence was passed. ;
+b. Of persons: Characterized by pronouncing
a definite decision or judgement ; positive, decided.
1651 Jer. TAyLor Serm. for Yeart. xi. 136 They that with
.. a loose tongue are too decretory, and enunciative of
speedy judgement. 1655 -- Unum Necess. vii. § 1, I will
not be decretory in it, because the Scripture hath said nothing
of it. 1680 H. Dopwett Two Lett. Advice (1691) 105 If
I may seem decretory in resolving positively some things
controverted among learned men. ral
+ 2. Such as to decide the question; decisive,
determinative. Oés.
1674 Evetyn Navig. & Comm. Misc. Writ. (1805) 644 That
decretory battle at Actium. 1692 M. Morcan Poewe on
Victory over Fr. Fleet 7 In which was struck this decretory
Blow. +718 Be. Hutcuinson Witchcraft (1720) 172 They
tried .. their Claims to Land, by Combat, or the Decretory
Morsel. 1737 WHIsTon Yosephus Diss. 105 There is one
particular Observation .. that seems to me to be decretory.
+3. Old Med. and Astrol. Pertaining to or de-
cisive of the final issue of a disease, etc. ; also fig.
of a course of life; =CriticaL 4. Ods. or arch.
1577 B. Gooce Heresbach’s Hus. (1586) 78 b, The third
of Maie (which is the laste decretorie daie of the Vine). 60x
Hottanp Pliny I. 500 The foure decretorie or criticall daies,
that giue the doome of Oliue trees, either to good or bad. 1646
Sir T, Browne Psend, Ef. iv. xii. 213 The medicall month;
introduced by Galen .. for the better compute of Decretory
or Criticall dayes. 1702 C. Matuer Magn. Chr. 11. 1. Vil.
(1852) 610 When the decretory hour of death overtakes you.
1890 E. Jounson Rise Christendom 104, I look intrepidly
forward to yonder decretory hour [of death].
+Decrew',v. Obs. rare. [f. OF. décreu, now
décru, pa. pple. of décreistre, déroitre to Dr-
CREASE: cf. ACCRUE.] To decrease, wane.
1596 Spenser /. Q. 1v, vi. 18 Sir Arthegall renewed His
strength still more, but she still more decrewed.
Decrial (dékroial). rave. [f. Decry v.+-AL 5.]
The act of decrying ; open disparagement.
171x Suartess. Charac. Misc. v. i. (1737) III. 266 The
Decrial of an Art, on which the Cause and Interest of Wit
and Letters absolutely depend. 747d, v. ii. (R.), A decrial or
disparagement of those raw works,
Decried (dékrai-d), 77. a. [f. Decry v.+-ED.]
Cried down, disparaged openly, etc. : see the verb.
1655 H. Vaucuan Silex Scint. 1. (1858) 36 Prayer was such
A decryed course, sure it prevailed not much. 1783 Burke
Report Affairs India Wks. 1842 11.6 A suspected and de-
cried government. 1818 J. C. Hosrouse /¢aly (1859) II. 372
A decried effort since the edict of Dr. Johnson,
Decrier (dzkroi‘a1). One who decries.
1698 Fryer Acc. £. /ndia A iiijb, It is a Justice only in-
tended my Country against its Decriers. a 1716 Soutu Serm.
VII. ii. (R.), The late fanatic decryers of the necessity of
human learning. 1881 SaintsBury Dryden v. 103 Dryden’s
principal decrier,
+ Decri‘minate, v. Obs. rare. [f. med.L.
decriminare (Du Cange), f. Dr- I. 3 + criminare
to accuse of crime.] To denounce as a criminal,
to accuse. Hence Decri‘minating Ppl. a.
1670 Tryal Rudyard, etc, in Phenix (1721) I. 398 A whole
sea of their Decriminating and Obnoxious Terms.
+ Decro'tt, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [a.F. décrotter,
in 12th c. descroter, f. de-, des- (DE- I. 6) + crotte
dirt.] trans. To clean from dirt, remove dirt from.
1653 Urguuart Rabelais 1. xx, To decrott themselves in
rubbing of the dirt of either their shoes or clothes.
Decrown (dékrawn), v. ? Ods. [f. DE- II. 2
+ Crown sd, Cf. F. découronner ‘to yncrowne’
(Cotgr.), OF. descoroner (12th c.); also dethrone.]
trans. To deprive of the crown, to discrown.
1609 Br. W. Bartow Answ, Nameless Cath. 153 Authoritie
to de-Throanand de-Crowne Princes, 1 F, Waite Ref/.
Fisher 56 Throning and dethroning, crowning and decrown-
ing them, 1778 Phil. Surv. S. Irel, 322 If the Pope had
not arrogated a right to dethrone and decrown Kings. 18:
Lytton Renzi 1. iii, How art thou decrowned and spoile
by thy recreant and apostate children,
Hence Decrow'ning v0/. sd.
i 1613 Oversury A Wife (1638) 212 The decrowning of
ings.
Decrustation (dzkrvsté-fon). rare—°, [n.
of action f, L. décrust-dre to peel off (an outer
layer or crust), f. Dr- 1.6 + crusta Crust, crustare
to Crust: see-aTIon.] The removal of a crust or
incrustation,
16x Cotcr., Decrustation, a decrustation, or vncrusting ;
a paring away of the vppermost part, or outmost rind. 1656
in Birounr Géossogr, 1658 in Putuips. 1721 in BaiLey;
and in mod, Dicts. 1882 in Syd, Soc, Lex.
ges (dvkrai‘), v, Also 6-7 decrie, Pa. t.
and pple. decried, [a. F. décrier, in 14th c.
descrter, f. des-, de- (see DE-1.6) + créer tocry, In
Eng. the prefix appears always to have been taken
in sense ‘down’: see Dr- I. 4.]
1. ¢rans. To denounce, condemn, suppress, or
depreciate by proclamation; =cry down (CRY v,
DECUMBENCE.
17); chiefly said of foreign or obsolete coins;
also to bring down the value (of any article) by
the utterance or circulation of statements.
1617 Moryson /#7x. 1, 111. vi. 289 Having a singular Art to
draw all forraine coynes when they want them, by raising
the value, and in like sort to put them away, when they
haue got abundance thereof, by decrying the value. 1633
‘T. Starrorp Pac, Hib, iv, (1821) 267 ‘Lhe calling downe,
and decrying of all other Moneys whatsoever, 1697 EvELYN
Numism.vi, 204 Many others [medals of Elagabalus] decried
and called in for his infamous life. 1710 WuitwortH Acc.
Russia (1758) 80 Next year..the .. gold... was left without
refining, which utterly decried those Ducats. 1765 BLAcK-
STONE Comm. I, 278 The king may.. decry, or cry down,
any coin of the kingdom, and make it no longer current.
1844 Act 7-8 Vict. c. 24 § 4 Spreading .. any false rumour,
with intent to enhance or decry the price of any goods.
2. ‘To cry out against ; to disparage or condemn
openly; to attack the credit or reputation of;
= Cry down (CRY 17 b).
1641 J. Jackson True Evang. T. 1.75 We goe..to law
one with another (which S. Paul so decryed). 1660 R.
Coxe Fustice Vind. Pref. 1 All men .. have with one voice
commended Virtue, and decried Vice. 1665 Pepys Diary
27 Nov., The goldsmiths do decry the new Act. 1756 C.
Lucas £ss, Waters I, Pref., ‘Who is this’, says one, ‘ that
is come to decry our waters?’ 1867 Lewes Hist. Philos.
II. 105 He does not so much decry Aristotle, as the idolatry
of Aristotle, 1872 Yeats Growth Comm, 371 The zeal with
which the Church decried the taking of interest or usury.
Hence Decry‘ing vé/. sd.
1633 [see 1 above]. 1637 State Trials, ohn Hampden
(R.), There hath been a decrying by the people and they
have petitioned in parliament against it. 1863 KinGLAKE
Crimea (1876) I. vi. 84 A general decrying of arms.
Decry’, 5. Obs. rave—'. [f. prec. vb.] The
decrying (of money); decrial.
1686 tr. Chardin's Trav. i.9 The English were the Pro-
curers of this Decry. For had that Money continu’d Currant,
their Trade had been ruin’d. —_
Decrystallization (dzkristaloizzi-fon), [f.
De- II. 1.] Deprivation of crystalline structure.
1860 Sat, Kev. X. 83/1 The decrystallization of ice by the
solar rays. 1878 Huxtey Physiogr. 56 Developed by the
breaking-down or decrystallisation of the ice.
+ Decuba‘tion. O¢s. vave. [n. of action f. L.
décubare to lie away (from one’s own bed), taken
in sense of L. décumbére to lie down.] The action
of lying down.
1664 EveLyn Sylva (1776) 613 At this Decubation upon
boughs the Satyrist seems to hint, when he introduces the
gypsies (Juy. Sat. vi. 543-5).
Decubital (d7kivbitil), a [f next + -an.]
Pertaining to or resulting from decubitus.
1876 BraitHwaitr Retrospect Med, UXXIII. 4 Dr. Hand-
field Jones on decubital inflammation.
|| Decubitus (d’kiz-bitis). Afed. [mod.L. f.
décumbére to lie down, after accubttus and other
parallel forms. Used also in French from 1747.]
1. The manner or posture of lying in bed.
1866 A. Fuint Princ. Med. (1880) 190 The dorsal decubitus
should not be constantly maintained ; changes of position
are important. 1879 J. M. Duncan Lect. Dis. Women
xxx, (1889) 245 The decubitus is rarely on the healthy side.
2. ‘Also, a synonym of Bedsore’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.);
see BED sd. 19.
+ Deculeate, v. Os.—° [f. late L. déculcare +
-ATE3: cf. zxculcate.] (See quots.)
1623 CocKERAM, Deculcate, to tread somthing vnder foot.
1656 Blount Glossogr., Deculcate..to tread or trample upon.
+ Decult, v, Obs—° [ad. L. décultare (rare
and doubtful) = valde occatltare.] (See quot.)
1623 CockeraM, Decult, to hide priuily.
Decultivate: see DE- II. 1.
Decuman (dekivmin), a. Also 7-8 -ane.
[ad. L. decuman-us, var. of decimanus of or be-
longing to the tenth part, or the tenth cohort, f.
decim-us tenth : see -AN; also, by metonymy, con-
siderable, large, immense.]
1. Very large, immense : usually of waves.
(As to the vulgar notion that the tenth or decuman wave,
Jluctus decumanus, is greater and more dangerous than
any other: see Sir Thos, Browne Pseud. Ef. vil, xvii. 2, De
Quincey Pagan Oracles Wks. 1862 VII. 183.)
1659 GaUDEN Zears of Church 30 ‘To be overwhelmed
and quite sunk by such decumane billowes as those small
vessels have no proportion to resist. 1708 Motreux Rade-
ats wv. xxiii, (1737) 97 That decumane Wave that took us
fore and aft. 1838 5 rer Mag. XVII, 122 The tenth, or
decuman, is the last of the series of waves, and the most
sweeping in its operation. 1870 Farrar Witn. Hist. i. (1871)
5 Confidence, that even amid the decuman billows of modern
scepticism it [the Church] shall remain immovable.
absol, 1870 LowELL Poems, Cathedr., Shocks of surf that
clomb and fell, Spume-sliding down the baffled decuman,
2. Rom, Antig. Belonging to the tenth cohort :
applied to the chief entrance to a camp, or that
farthest from the enemy ( forta decumana).
1852 Wricut Celt, Roman, & Saxon (1861) 148 The decu-
man gate,
+ Decumanal, a. Obs. rare,
-AL.] =prec. I.
1652 Urquuart ewe? Wks. (1834) 229 The decumanal
wave of the oddest whimzy of all.
Decumbence (dikv'mbéns), [f. DEcuMBENT;
[f as prec, +
see -ENCE.] Lying down; =next. :
1646 Six T, Browne Pseud. Ep, i. i. 105 If. they lye
not downe and enjoy no decumbence at all. ~ 1882 Syd. SOC
Lex., Decumbence, the state or attitude of lying down.
DECUMBENCY.
- Decumbency (d¢kumbénsi). [f. as prec.: |
see -ENCY.]
‘1. Lying down, reclining ; decumbent condition
or e.
Ste T, —— Psend. Ep. Leb 244 Theophylact +.
ie
not t y, ump
this gesture of the beloved Disciple unto Rusticity. 1877
Roserts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) 11, 32 The mode of decum-
bency is rally on the back, with the head high.
2. Taking to one’s bed; =DECUMBITURE 2.
quot. 1820 humorously for Be pores to bed’. °
1651 C. WALKER //ist. [ndepend. 1. 52 One of cure
..must be Phlebotomy, but then you must begin before
Decumbency. 1652 GAute Magastrom. 240 The hour of
decumbency. 1820 L. Hunt /udicator No. 15 (1822) I. 117
Candid enquirers into one’s decumbency.
Decumbent (dikombént), a. (sd.) [ad. L.
décumbent-em, pr. pple. of décumb-ére to lie down,
f. De- I. 1+-cumbere to lie.]
1. Lying down, reclining. Now rare or Ods.
. 1686 BLount Glossogr., Decumbent, that lyes or sits down ;
or dyes. ax16g2 AsuMmote Antig. Berksh, 1. 2(R.) Fhe de-
cumbent portraiture of a woman, resting on a death’s head.
1748 Harter Observ. Man. i, 46 The decumbent Posture
which is common to Animals in Sleep. 1798 W. YonGe in
Beddoes Contrib. Phys. Knowledge (1799) 303 The advan-
tage of a decumbent posture.
+b. Lying in bed through illness. Ods.
1689 G. Harvey Curing Dis, by Expect, xv. 114 An elder
Brother decumbent of a Continual Fever.
sury (T.), To deal with .. decumbent dying sinners.
2. spec. a. Bot. Lying or trailing upon the ground,
but with the extremity ascending: applied to stems,
branches, etc.
1791 E. Darwin Bot. Gard. u. 24 note, This species of Fern
.. with a decumbent root. 1830 Linotry Na‘. Syst. Bot.
83 Herbaceous plants, native of sandy plains .. and usually
decumbent. 1874 M. C. Cooke Fungi 249 The fertile flocci
were decumbent, probably from the weight of the spores.
b. Nat. Hist. Of hairs or bristles: Lying flat on
the surface, instead of growing out at right angles.
1826 Kirsy & Sp. Entomol. 111. xxxiv. 398 The covering
of hairs is silky and decumbent. did. iit. 645 Short de-
cumbent hairs or bristles.
+ B. as sb. One lying ill in bed: cf. 1b. Obs.
1641 J. Jackson True Evang. 7.11. 138 When the Christian
decumbent growes near to the grave. 1699 ‘ Misaurvs’
Honour of Gout (1720) 10 He tells the Decumbent a long
story of the... Misery of Life.
In
Hence Decu'mbently adv., in a decumbent |
manner, In mod. Dicts.
Decumbiture (d/k»mbititir). ?Ots. [An
irregular formation from L. décumbére ; the etymo-
logical form being decubiture : see DEcuUBITUS.]
1. Lying down ; sec. as an inyalid in bed.
I Maynwarine Vita Sana viii. 94 As for the manner
of decumbiture, the body must lie easie. 168x WHARTON
Crises Dis. Wks. (1683) 115 The time when the Sick-party
takes his Bed, is the beginning of his Decumbiture. 1741
1732 ATTER- |
Errrick in PAil. Trans. XLI. 565 The Band..is to be |
kept on, the whole Time of Decumbiture.
2. The act or time of taking to one’s bed in an
illness. b. Astro/. A figure erected for the time
at which this happens, and affording prognostics of
recovery or death.
1647 Litty Chr. Astrol. xliv. 255 At the hour of Birth, at
time of Decumbiture of the sick. 1671 BLacrave Astro.
Physic 23 The Moon being returned unto the place she was
in at the decumbiture. @1700 Drypen (J.), The planetary
hour must first be known, And lucky moment: if her eye
but akes, Or itches, its decumbiture she takes. 1707 J.
Frazer Disc. Second Sight 4 The boy died .. the eleventh
night from his decumbiture, 1819 J. Witson Dict. Astrol.,
Decumbiture, a horary question or figure, erected for a sick
person. It should be made to the time when the patient
first perceives his disease,
+ Decupela‘tion. Oés.—°
LATION.] ‘The same as Decantation.’
1706 in Puittips (ed. Kersey) ; hence 2721 in Battery, etc.
+ De‘cuplate, a. Ods. [ad. L. decuplat-us,
pa. pple.: see DecuPLE v.] Multiplied by ten.
1690 Leyzourn Cursus Math. 339 There remains .. Root
Decuplate, 4 = 20.
Decuplate (de-kizple't), v. [f. L. décuplare :
see DECUPLE 2. and -ATE3,] = DECUPLE v.
—_ Leysourn Cursus Math. 340 The first Root de-
cuplated, 4 = 30. 1887 19th Cent. Aug. 152 All this de-
cuplating our production. bet
ence +Decupla‘tion, multiplication by ten,
increase tenfold.
Fh as Leysourn Cursus Math. 340 The Decuplation of the
ots.
Decuple (de'kizp’l), a. and sé. [e F. décuple
(1484 in Hatzf.), ad. L. decuplus tenfold, f. dec-em
ten + -p/us, as in du-plus, tri-plus, me
A. adj. Ten times as much ; tenfol
{rg0r Dovctas Pal. Hon. 1. xli, Duplat, triplat, diates-
seriall, ui altera, and decuplaresortis.} 1613 M. Rrotey
Magn. Bodies 87 Sometimes decuple or ten times as much
againe. 1646 Str T. Browne Pseud. Ep. ‘- Man, whose
length .. is sextuple unto his breadth .. and decuple unto
[cf. Curen, CuPEL-
Be pete. x Raper in Phil. Trans. I. 534
‘oning .. a value = os decuple hand a 18:
LEBROOKE Algebra, etc. 4 Increasin arly in decu:
Seaton aes Fraser's Aue SORVEL oe Diewkles oe,
more than decuple the amount.
B, sb. A number or quantity ten times another ;
a tenfold amount,
112
cx1g25 © Nombrynge (E. E. T. S.) 20, 20 is pe decuple
of 2, 10 is be decuple ae sgt Hav Creation ie) It
the same ion holds .. (that is, as I guess, near a de-
cuple). Pusey Lect. Daniel 623 During a of
years, which was to be a decu of their own number. 1885
Times 12 Dec. 9/3 To abolish one or two of the doubles,
ict postmen and cabmen [in
trebles, and decw which afflict
street nomenclature].
Decuple (de‘kisp’l), v. [ad. L. décuplare (only
in pa. pple. decuplatus), f. decuplus tenfold: sce
prec. : Hi F, décupler (18th c. in Hatzf.).]
trans. To increase or multiply tenfold.
1674 JeaKE A7rith, (1696) 201 The Square of 1 decupled is
10. 41687 Perry Pol. Arith. i.(1691)9 If France hath scarce
doubled its Wealth and Power, and that the other have de-
cupled theirs. 1837 Gen. P. Tuomrson Exerc. (1842) IV.
253 If the demand for muscle were decupled at every com-
mercial and manufacturing station.
Hence De‘cupled fv. a.
1854 H. H. Witson tr. Xig-veda 11. 5 To partake of the
decupled (libation).
Decuplet (dekizplét). Aus. [f. L. decuplus
DEcuPLE + -ET in ¢rzf/et, etc.] ‘A group of ten
notes played in the time of eight or four’ (Stainer
& Barrett Dict. Mus. Terms).
Decur, var. of DEcoRE Ods.
Decure, obs. form of Decury.
+ Decu-riate, v. Ols.—° [f. ppl. stem of L. de-
curiare to divide into decurix : see Decury.] (See
quot.) So + Decuria‘tion ite decuriatio).
1623 CockeraM, Decuriate, to diuide into bands, to sepa-
rate. x7zz in BaiLey. 1623 Cockeram, Decuriation, a
making of Knights or Captaines.
Decurion (d/kiiirin). In 4-5 -ioun. [ad.
L. decurio, -dnem, {. dec-em ten, after centurto
CENTURION: see DEcuRY.]
1. Rom. Antig. A cavalry officer in command of
a decuria or company of ten horse. Also gev.
A commander or captain of ten men.
1382 Wycuir 1 Afacc. iii. 55 Decuriouns, leders often. 1533
BeLLENDEN Livy 1v. (1822) 361 Sixtus Tempanius, decurion
of horsmen.
othes. 1701 W. Wotton Hist. Rome v. 83 He had got away,
if a Decurion had not fallen upon him, 1838 Arnovp //7st.
| Romel. 75 The poorest citizens. . followed the army. acting
| as orderlies to the centurions and decurions.
b. ¢ransf. An overseer of ten households, a
tithing-man.
sgt G. Fretcuer Russe Commi. (Hakluyt Soc.) 43 The
constable hath certaine .. decurions under him, which haue
the ouersight of ten households a peece. 1 TempPLe
Ess. Heroic Virtue § 3 Wks. 1731 1. 207 He [Mango Capac}
instituted Decurions thro’ both these Colonies, that is, one
over every Ten Families.
2. Roman Hist. A member of the senate of a
colony or municipal town; a town councillor.
In later times the capacity for the office became hereditary,
and the decurions formed an order charged with heavy finan-
cial and other responsibilities to the imperial government.
1382 Wycuir Mark xv. 43 loseph of Armathie, the noble
decurioun (Vulg. decurio, Gr, BovAevryjs]. _1606 HoLttanp
Sueton. 60 A new kind of Suffrages which the decurions or
elders of Colonies gave every one in their owne Towneshippe.
1635 Pacitr Christianogr. 11. (1636) 2 loseph of Arimathea,
that noble Decurion. 1781 Gispon Decl. & F. 11. 63 The
laborious offices, which could be productive only of envy
and reproach, of expence and danger, were im on the
Decurions, who formed the corporations of the cities, and
whom the severity of the Imperial laws had condemned to
sustain the burthens of civil society. 1872 E. W. Ropertson
Hist. Ess. 37 note, The Decurio, and filius Decurionis, the
Plebeius, and the Servus of the law of Constantine, answer
exactly to the Noble, Free, and Servile orders of the Ger-
manic codes, ;
3. A member of the Great Council in modern
Italian cities and towns.
1666 Lond. Gaz. No o7/s The Colledge of the Jurists, the
sixty Decurions [at Milan]. 1708 /éid. No. 4448/1 After
these came eight Chg ogee ++ preceding the 60 rions,
the t Chancellor, the Privy-Council, and Senate.
W. Spatpoine /taly & /t. /s/. 111. 343 In Genoa, whose muni-
cipality was constituted by laws of 1814 and 1815, there is
a Great Council of forty decurions (half ey If mer-
chants and other citizens), who were named the first
instance by the crown, but have since filled up their own
vacancies. 1865 Marre! Brigand Life 11. 47 At one time
a syndic, a decurion, profited by his post to persecute his
private enemies.
4. Astrol.=DECAN 2.
1652 Gaute Magastrom. 87 Their houses .. thrones, de-
curions, faces, Jom.
. for Decury, a company of ten.
1555 Epen Decades 23 A coompanye of armed men diuided
into .xxv. decurions, that is, tenne in a company with theyr
capitaynes.
Decurionate. [ad. L. decuridnat-us, f. de-
curion-em; see -aTE1.] The office of a decurion.
1840 Mitman /ist. Chr. II. 382. 1863 Drarer /ntel?.
Devel. Europe ix. (2865) 209 Exempting the priesthood from
burdensome offices such as the decurionate, 1880 MurRHEAD
Gains 1. § 95 note, Not only the magistracy but also the
decurionate was a stepping-stone to citizenship
Decu'rionship. ([Sce -suir.] =prec.
1873 Wacner tr. Zeuffel's Hist. Rom. Lit. 1. 340 Ex-
emption .. from the decurionship and military service.
ce (dik»'réns). [f. DecuRRENT: see
-ENCE,
+1.
e act or state of running down; downward
flow or course; lapse (of time). ;
Obs.
158 Stywarb Mart. Discipfl. 1.61 He shall |
charge euerie decurion or Captaine of ten men vpon their |
DECURTATION.
Gaupen Tears of Church The errata’: 5
by decurrence of ‘ZS ‘hough aay Sawyer ad
Googe Cheat, The Cocrse OF Hetlans Wesing aration
's 4 rse umane even
bg 8 A Of it's Decurrence.
2. Bot. The condition of hen DEcURRENT (q.v.).
LinpLey Leger Bot. (1848) I. 228 The decurrence of
the . ALLEN in Nature 29 Mar. 511 There will
be a strong te! towards long pointed ribbon-like
Selena! bape a
. [fas +-ENOCY.] =prec.
1651 J. Goopwin Redemption Red. ii. § 17 The flowing of
Rivers from their Tosmries oa with the decurrency
of their Waters into the Sea. 1882 .S; a Soc. ad
rency, the or app a
Decurrent (dikvrént), a. [ad. L. décurrent-
em, pr. pple. of décurrére to run down, f. Dg- I, 1
+currére to run.]
+1. Running or flowing down. Ods.
1432-50 tr. Higdex (Rolls) I. 225 An ymage of Venus ..
whiche was made so subtily that a man my3hte see in that
ymage as bloode decurrente.
2. Bot. Of leaves, etc. Extending down the
stem or axis below the point of insertion or attach-
ment.
1753 Cuampers Cycl. Supfl., Decurrent leaf. a 1794 Sir
W. yom Bot. Obs. in Asiat. Res. (1795) IV. 259 eaves
downy on both sides, mostly decurrent on the long hoary
petiols. 1870 Hooxer Stud. Flora 260 Verbascum Ena
.. leaves very decurrent .. anthers of long stamens slightly
decurrent.
Hence Deeu‘rrently adv.
1807 J. E. Smit Phys. Bot, 178 (Pinnate] decursivé, de-
currently, when the leaflets are decurrent.
wring, ff/. a. =DEcURRENT (in Bot.).
in Cent. Dict.
+ Decu'rse. Ods. [ad. L. décurs-us, f. ppl. stem
of décurr-cre; cf. DECOURSE.] Downward course,
lapse.
1593 Bison Govt. Christ's Ch. 237 By degrees, in decurse
of time. 1657 Tomttnson Renou's Disp. 225 Nor that the
decurse of years would work some change in it.
+ Decursion (diko3fen). Ods. [ad. L. dé-
cursion-em, n. of action f. décurr-ére (ppl. stem
décurs-) to run down.]
1. The action of running, flowing, or passing
downwards; also fig. of time, etc.
¢ 1630 Jackson Creed vi. x. Wks. V. 277 The perpetual
ascent of springing waters into the hills, their continual de-
cursion from them into the sea.» H. More Myst. /nig.
206 In the decursion of..twelve or thirteen hundred years.
1680 — Afpocal. Afoc. 24 The whole decursion and succes-
sion of the church to the end of the world. z
2. Antig. A military manceuvre, exercise or evo-
lution, performed under arms ; a solemn procession
round a funeral pile.
[1623 Cockeram, Decursion, a running of souldiers on their
enemies.) 1658 W. Burton /tin. Anton. 68 His body..was
laid on the Rogus, or Pile. .and honored with the wrepispouy,
decursion, or running round it by his Sons and Souldiers.
1697 Porrer Antig. Greece IV. vi. (1715) 211 In this Decur-
sion the Motion was towards the Lett fend. 1702 ADDISON
Dial. Medals i, 19 Charged .. with many Ancient Customs,
as sacrifices .. allocutions, decursions, lectisterniums,
Decu'rsive, ¢. Bot. [ad. mod. Bot. L. décur-
siv-us, f. L. décurs-, ppl. stem of décurr-ére to run
down: see -IVE.] = DECURRENT.
1828 in WensTer. é a
Hence Decu'rsively adv., as decursively-pinnate
[mod.L, decursivd pinnatus: cf. DECURRENTLY).
1823 Crass 7 echnol. Dict., Decursively-pinnate, an epithet
for a leaf having its leaflets decurrent, or running along the
petiole. 1866 in 7reas. Bot.
+ Decw rt, a. Obs.-° [Cf. Curt and Dr- II. 3.]
1623 Cocxeram, Decurt, short. “
+ Decu rt, v. Obs. [ad. L. décurt-are to cut
off, curtail, f. Dm- I. 2 + curtdre to shorten : see
Curt v.] trans. To cut down, shorten, dock,
curtail, abridge. Hence Decurted ///. a.
isso Bate A 147 Your decurted or headlesse clause,
Angelorum enim, et cet. 1631 J. Done Polydoron 88 [It is.
in Roguerie to Decurte or int their Wri
errick Hesper., Fulia's Churching (1869) 307 To him
bring Thy free, and not decurted offering.
Decurtate, a. rare. [ad. L. décurtit-us,
pa. pple. of décurtare: see prec.] Cut down,
shortened, abridged, curtailed.
a Mepe £f. to Hayn Wks. (1672) 1v. 755 The preposi-
tion 2 being decurtate of *3 inter. 1859 F. Hatt Vdsa-
vadattd Preface 8 Bana. .lopped off his own hands and feet’
.. In this decurtate condition he dictated a poem of a
hundred couplets.
+ Decu'rtate, v. Obs. [f. ppl. stem of L, aé-
curtare: see prec. and -aTE3.] ¢vans. = Decurt v.
an ee ee thes pd ph hag Moe
or r to de ecu! in
CockERAM, Decertadiy We core} 1676 Gass in Pat
Trans. X1. 607 Those, which had been decurtated by the
unequal cutting of the knife,
+ Decurta‘tion. Oés. [ad. L. décurtation-em,
n. of action f. décurtare: see Decurt v. So in
neat gr apne abciieing, oe cutting down.
1 astrom, To Rdr., uivoca-
652 GAULE ag Ambiguous equiv
tions, affe expressions,
1652-62 Heviin Cosmogr, 11. (1682) 38 the like decurta-
tion we have t Hispania unto 1700 Phil,
Trans. by.
XXII. 568 The Contraction .. is
decurtation or 6 ic of the Fleshy Fibres.
DECURVATION.
Deourvation (dzkzivéi-fon). [n. of action’ f.
L. dé- down + ppl. stem of carvare to bend, CurvE:
see -ATION.] The action or process of decurving ;
the condition of being bent downwards.
1881 A. Newton in Zucycl. Brit, XII. 358/2 There are
Trochilide which possess almost every gradation of decur-
vation of the bill. aie
Decurvature (déka-svatiii).
-URE: cf. curvature.| =prec.
1887 E. D. Corr Orig. Fittest 376 Constant jarring. .would
tend to a decurvature of both inferior and superior adjacent
end walls.
Decurve (diki1v), v. rare. [f. L. de down +
curvare to CurvE.] To curve or bend down.
Hence Decu'rved /#/. a., curved downwards.
[f as prec. +
1835 Kirsy Had. & Just. Anim. 1. ix. 274 An incipient de- |
curved spire. 1892 Atheneum 18 June 795/2 The upper
mandible [of a parakeet] was so abnormally decurved.
Decury (de‘kiiiri). Also 6 decure. [a. OF.
decurie or ad. L. decurta a division or company of
ten, f. dec-em ten, after centuria CENTURY. ]
Rom. Hist. and Antig. A division consisting of
ten men, a company or body of ten; applied also
to larger classes or divisions (¢. g. of the judices,
scribe, etc.).
1533 BeLLenvEN Livy 1. (1822) 30 The faderis, quhilk war
ane hundreth in nowmer, devidit thaimself in ten decuris,
ilk decure contening ten menin nowmer. 1563-7 BucHANAN
Reform. St, Andros Wks. (1892) 8 The regent sal. .assigne
thayme place in hys classe diuidit in decuriis. 1586 T. B.
La Primaud. Fr. Acad.1, 643 The Pretors. .tooke a certain
number of Iudges..who..were distributed by decuries or
tens. 1695 Kennetr Par, Axtig. (1818) II. 340 In the
larger houses, where the numbers amounted to several
decuries, the senior dean had a special preeminence. 1847
Grote Greece u. xxxi. IV. 189, 5000 of these citizens were
arranged in ten pannels or decuries of 500 each,
Decus (d7‘kvs). slang. [From the Latin motto
decus et tutamen on the rim.] A crown-piece.
1688 SHADWELL Sg”. A dsatia u.Wks. (1720) 1V. 48 To equip
you with some Meggs, Smelts, Decus’s and Georges. 1822
Scotr Nigel xxiii, ‘You see’, he said, pointing to the
casket, ‘that noble Master Grahame..has got the decuses
and the saedts.’
Decuss (dikw's), v. rare. [ad. L. decuss-are
to divide crosswise, or in the form of an X, f.
decussis the number ten (X), also a ten-as piece,
and so supposed to be f. dec(-em)assts.] = DE-
CUSSATE v. 3
spe A. Monro Compar. Anat. (ed. 3) 25 A double row of
..fibres decussing one another.
+ Decu'ssant, 2. Obs. rare. [ad. L. decus-
sant-em, pt. pple. of decussdre: see prec.] Decus-
sating, intersecting.
1685 H. More Para. Prophet. 462 Placed on those pro-
duced decussant Lines.
Decussate (dika'stt), a. [ad. L. decussat-us,
pa. pple. of decussdre: see Drcuss.]
1. Having the form of an X.
1825 Hone Every-day Bk. 1. 1538 The letter X, styled
across decussate. 1882 Farrar Early Chr. 1. 85 The de-
cussate cross now known as the cross of St, Andrew.
2. Bot. Of leaves, etc.: Arranged on the stem
in successive pairs, the directions of which cross
each other at right angles, so that the alternate
pairs are parallel.
1835 Linpiey /xtrod. Bot. (1848) I1. 382 Decussate,arranged
in pairs that alternately cross each other. 1884 Bower &
Scorr De Bary’s Phaner. 259 The stem has four angles,
and bears decussate pairs of opposite leaves.
Hence Decu'ssately adv., in a decussate manner.
1846 Dana Zooph. (1848) 329 Folia. .transversely coalescent
or intersecting one another (decussately aggregated).
Decussate (dekise't, d7kose't), v. [f. L. de-
cussat-, ppl. stem of decuss-dre: see DECUSS.]
_1. trans, To cross, intersect, lie across, so as to
form a, figure like the letter X.
1658 Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus iii. 53 The right and
transverse fibres are decussated by the oblick fibres. 1665-6
Phil. Trans. 1. 221 These Rainbows did not. .decussate one
another at right angles. x 37 Bracken Farriery Impr.
(1756) I. 58 The inner [fibrest = lways decussate or cross the
outer. 1835-6 Topp Cyc?. Axat. I. 583/1 Their medullary
fibres. .converge and decussate each other.
2. intr. To cross or intersect each other; to form
a figure like the letter X.
1713 Dernam Phys. Theol. tv. vii. 153 The Fibres of the
external and internal Intercostals decussate. 1835-6 Topp
Cycl. Anat. 1. 251/1 Sometimes they [ligaments] cross or
decussate with each other. 1875 Brake Zool, 198 Optic
nerves, commissurally united, not decussating.
Decussated (see prec.), Ad/. a. [f. prec. +
-ED1.] Formed with crossing lines like an X;
crossed, intersected ; having decussations or inter-
sections.
1658 Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus i. 37 The decussated
characters in many consulary coynes. 1686 Por Staffordsh.
430 A decussated cross. 17§5 Jounson, Vefqwork, any thing
reticulated or decussated, at equal distances, with inter-
stices between the intersections. 184 JoHNsToN in Proc.
Berw. Nat. Club I. 267 Shell. .spirally ridged with fine de-
cussated striz in the interstices. " :
b. Rhet. Consisting of or characterized by two
pairs of clauses or words, those in each pair corre-
sponding to those in the other, but in reverse order ;
chiastic.
Vot. III.
113
1828 WenstTer s.v., In rhetoric, a decussated period is one
that consists of two rising and two falling clauses, placed in
alternate opposition to each other,
_Decussating, ///. «.
intersecting.
1839-47 Topp Cyc/. Anat. III. 680/1 These decussating
fibres. 1855 HoLtpen Hum. Osteol. (1878) 9 Arranged in
decussating curves like the arches in Gothic architecture.
Decussation (dekzsé'-fon). [ad. L. decussa-
tidn-em, n. of action f. decussdre: see DECUSS and
-ATION.] Crossing (of lines, rays, fibres, etc.) so
as to form a figure like the letter X ; intersection.
1656 in Birount Glossogr. 1658 Sir _T. Browne Gard.
Cyrus i. 37 The Letter x, that is the Emphatical decussa-
tion, or fundamental figure. 1662 Evetyn Chalcogr. (1769)
go Performed in single and masterly strokes, without de-
cussations, and cross hatchings. 1672 Newton in Rigaud
Corr. Sci. Men (1841) 11. 344 By the iterated decussations
of the rays, objects will be rendered less distinct. 1713
Deruam Phys. Theol. wv. ii. 95 A Coalition or Decussation
of the Optick Nerves. 1839-47 Topp Cyc. Anat. III.
480/r The point at which the decussation [of nerve-fibres in
the brain] takes place is about ten lines below the margin
of the pons Varolii.
b. het. An arrangement of clauses, etc. in
which corresponding terms occur in reverse order ;
chiasmus.
1841. Tait’s Mag. VIII. 561 They have. . become weary of
these pretty grammatico-metrical cuttings and decussations.
§] Erroneous use, app. for DEcussIon, striking off.
1654 H. L’Esrrance Chas. J (1655) 117 He yeilded his
head to de-cussation, to the striking off.
+ Decu'ssative, a. Obs. rare. [f. L. decussit-,
ppl. stem of decass-dre + -1VE.] Characterized by
decussation; crossing. Hence Decu'ssatively adv.
1688 Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus iii. 56 By decussative
diametrals, Quincunciall Lines and angles, /é7d. i. 38 The
High-Priest was anointed decussatively or in the form of
[-1ne 2.] Crossing,
ie.
+ Deécu'ssion. Ods. rare. [ad. L. décussion-em,
n. of action f. décutére to shake down, beat down,
etc., f. De- I. 1 + guatére to shake.] A shaking
down or off.
1664 EveLyn Pomona (1729) 94 Making a Quantity of
Cider with Windfalls, which he let ripen in the Hoard, near
a month interceding between the time of their Decission,
and that which Nature intended for their Maturity. 1674
Biount Glossogr., Decussion, a striking or shaking off; a
beating down.
| Decusso‘rium. Swvg. [mod.L. f. décuss-,
ppl. stem of décutere: sce prec. and -onIuM. In
mod.F. décussotre.]
down, or separating to a sufficient extent, the dura
mater in the operation of trepanning, to protect it
from injury, and to facilitate the discharge of mat-
ters from its surface’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1882).
+Decu'te, v. Obs—° [ad. L. décutere (see
above). ] 1623 Cockrram, Decute, to cut off.
+ Decu-tient, a. Obs.—° [ad. L. décutient-em,
pr. pple. of décautére (see above).]
Fim Biount Glossogr., Decutient, that shakes or beats
own,
Decyl (de'sil). Chem. [f. Gr. béea ten +-YL.]
The tenth member of the series of hydrocarbon
radicals having the formula Cy Hon4,; the mon-
atomic alcohol radical C,) H,, ; also called Decaty/.
Used attrib. in decyl series, compounds, chloride,
etc.
Hence derivatives as De‘cylene, the olefine of
the decyl series Cy) Hy); Decy-lic, of or pertaining
to decyl, as in decylic alcohol, hydride, etc. So
De‘cine, the liquid hydrocarbon C,,H,;, the
ethine or acetylene member of the decyl series,
Cf. Drcanr, DECENE,
1868 Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1090 Decyl, Rutyl, Capryl,
-. Cio Ha..Hydride of Decyl..Chloride of Decyl. 1872
Ibid. V1. 542 Decylic compounds. .derived from the funda-
mental hydrocarbon Cio Hae, decyl hydride .. Decy/ene,
Cio Hao. _ 1875 bid. VII. 423 Decene and Decine.
Decypher, obs. form of DECIPHER.
Ded, obs, form of Drap, DEATH, DEED, Din (see
Do w.).
Dedain, early form of Disparn.
Dedal, Dedalian, etc. : see DDAL, etc.
Dedane, var. of DEDEIGEN v.2
|| Dedans (dadan:). Zennis. [F. dedans gallery
of a tennis court, special application of dedams in-
side, interior, subst. use of dedans adv. inside, f. de
of, from, by, with, etc. + dans within :—OF. denz,
itself f. de + enz:—L. intus inside, within.] The
open gallery at the end of the service-side of a
tennis-court. e
I le . . L nn,
Teens i Ks Landa cihe wax tnaesd of betty equidictant
from each end of the Court, is nearer to the dedans than to
the other end by 1 ft. 1885 Pad/ Mail G. 12 May 11/1 The
feeding for the nny May oe ee wre magetcent.
I oe
me the decane ofa etais Goutk Svhile B: andl santeht ts
going on.
edayn, -e, early forms of DispaIn,
edbote, var. of DEEDBOTE Oés.
Dedd(e, dede, obs. ff. DEAD, DEatH, DEEp.
Dede, obs. pa. t. of Do.
‘An instrument for keeping |
DEDICATE.
+ Dede‘corate, a. Obs. [ad. L. dédecorat-us,
pa. pple. of dédecordre to disgrace; see next.]
Disgraced, disgraceful.
15..Phylogamus in Skelton’s Wks.(1843) I. p. cxvi, O poet
..Dedecorate and indecent, Insolent and insensate.
Dedecorate (d‘de'kireit), v. [f. L. dédecorat-,
ppl. stem of dédecordre to disgrace, f. dédecus, dé-
decor- disgrace, f. De- I. 6 + decus, decor-, grace,
etc. In sense 2, f. Dr- II. 1+ Decorate.]
+1. trans. To disgrace, dishonour. Oés.
1609 J. Davies Holy Roode 13 (D.) Why lett’st weake
Wormes Thy head dedecorate With worthlesse briers, and
flesh-transpiercing thornes? 1623 CockERAM, Dedecorate,
to dishonor, or shame one. . :
2. To disfigure; to do the opposite of decorating.
1804 Syp. Smitu Mor. Philos. xi. (1850) 137 If a trades-
man .. were to slide down gently into the mud, and de-
decorate a pea green coat. 1887 Spectator 25 June 867/1
The vulgar and misleading caricatures which de-decorate
these admirable chapters.
Dedecora‘tion. vare—°. [ad. L. dédecora-
tion-em, n. of action f. dédecorare: see prec.] ‘A
disgracing or dishonouring’ (Phillips 1658) ; hence
in Bailey, Johnson, and mod. Dicts.
+ Dede‘corous, a. Os.—° [ad. L. dédecoros-
us, later synonym of dédecorus disgraceful, f. Dr-
I. 6 + decorus: see DEcoRovS.] Disgraceful, un-
becoming. So + Dede‘corose a.
1727 Bai.ey vol. II, Dedecorose, full of shame and dis-
honesty. Dedecorous, uncomely, unseemly, dishonest. 1755
Jounson, Dedecorous, disgraceful, reproachful, shameful.
[Hence in mod. Dicts.]
+ Dedeign, -dein, -deyne, s?. and v.1 Early
form of DisDAIN.
+ Dedei‘gn, 7.2 Sv. Obs. Forms: 4-6 de-
deyn3e, dedein3e, 5 dedyne, 6 dedeyne, de-
denye, deden(e, dedane, deding. [A derivative
of DEIGN v., in which the prefix de- appears to be
taken in the sense ‘down’ (De- I. 1), so as to
strengthen the notion of condescension ; or which
may have arisen by confusion of dedezgn ( =d7s-
dain) with dezgn. It seems to be confined to Scotch,
and to have no analogies in French or Latin.]
1. =Deien v. 1. (In first quot. zzpers.)
1375 Barsour Bruce t. 376 He wes in all his dedis lele;
For him dedeynjeit nocht to dele With trechery. 1423
Jas. I Kiugis Q. clxviii, Madame..bot that 3our grace
dedyne, Off 3our grete myght, my wittis to enspire. 14..
Hoccieve Mother of God 51 For Christ of the dedeynyt
[PA. 41S. hath deyned] for to take Bothe flesche and blood.
c1g00 Lancelot 240 And in his body..The tronsione of o
brokine sper that was, Quhich no man out dedenyt to aras.
1535 STEWART Cron. Scot. 1. 618 That wald deding with his
auctoritie Ws to support in oure necessitie. 1513-53 DoucLas
Aineis 1. vi. 53 (ed. 1553), I dedeinze [v.7. den3ze] not to
ressaue Sic honour.
2. To lower.
1536 BELLENDEN Crov. Scot. (1821) I. 123 The Romains
wald nocht dedenye thair majeste, to satefy the desire of
barbar pepill.
Dedely, obs. form of DEADLy.
Deden(e, var. of DEDEIGN v.?; obs. pa.t. pl.of Do.
Dedentition (d7denti:fan). Piys. [f. Dr- II.
1+DenviT1I0on.] The shedding of the teeth; es.
of the first set.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. w. xii. 216 In_the first
[{Septenary] is Dedentition or falling of teeth. 1857 Dun-
GLtson Dict. Med. s. v. Dentition, Dedentition begins about
the age of 6or 7. 1882 in Syd. Soc. Lex. :
Dedenye, dedeyn(e, etc., var. DEDEIGN v.",
and early ff. DisDAIN.
Dedicant (dedikant). [ad. L. déedicant-em,
pr. pple. of dédicare to DEDICATE.] One who
dedicates.
188x Hipner in Excycl. Brit. XIII. 127 (Rom. Inscrip-
tions), The proper form of the dedication..also the name
of the dedicants..and the formule of the offering.
+ De‘dicate, fa. pple. and pA/. a. Obs. or arch.
Also 4-6 dedicat. [ad. L. dédicat-us consecrated,
formally devoted, pa. pple. of dédicdve (see next).
Used both as pa. pple. and adj., but now only as
an archaic synonym of dedicated.] Dedicated.
¢1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. ? 890 In chirche, or in chirche-hawe,
in chirche dedicate, or noon. 1494 Fasyan Chron. 1. ii. 9 An
old Temple dedycat in the honoure of ., Diana. 1535 Covrr-
DALE Ezek. xliv. 29 Euery dedicate thinge in Israel shall be
theirs. 1565 CaLrHit, Answ. Treat. Crosse (1846) 5 You
have dedicate your book to the Queen’s highness. 1643
Mitton Divorce vii. (1851) 35 Every true Christian ..is a
person dedicate to joy and peace. 1646 P. BuLKELEY Gospel
Covt. 1. 275 The dedicate things which should have been
to the honouring of God. 1798 Coteripce Nightingale,
Like a Lady vow’'d and dedicate To something more than
Nature in the grove. 1814 Souruey Roderick x, I vow'd,
A virgin dedicate, to pass my life Immured,
Dedicate (de'dikeit), v [f. L. dédicat-, ppl.
stem of dédicare to declare, proclaim, devote (to
a deity) in a set form of words, to consecrate, f.
De- + dicaére to say, proclaim, make over formally
by words, a weak vb. from stem dic- of dicére to
say, tell; cf. the adj. formative -dicus -saying,
-telling ; also abdicate. For the pa. pple., dedicate
(see prec.) has been used, and in 16th c. the same
form was used for the pa. t., as if short for dedicated.]
15*
DEDICATED.
1. ¢vans. To devote (¢o the Deity or to a sacred
person or pw ) with solemn rites; to surrender,
set apart, consecrate to sacred uses,
(The leading sense, which more or less colours the others.
1530 Pasar. 509/1, J dedycate a churche. —pe-2 Ol)
is
Bk. Com. Prayer, Publ. Baptism,
cated to thee - our office and ministerie. 1555 EDEN
Decades 73'To whom he buylded and dedicate a chapell and
an altare. 1651 Hosses Leviath. ut. xxxix. 247* Any Edifice
dedicated by Christians to the worship of Christ.
Pearson Creed (1839) 223 Many are the enemies of those
rsons who dedicate themselves unto his service. 1822
- Dicsy Broadst. Hon. (1846) U. 337 (Tancredus), The
29th of September has been ded d to St. Michael and all
Angels ever since the fifth century. 1885 Pa/l Mail G.
2 Jan. 10/2 The precedent set by the Bishop of St. Albans
in dedicating a cemetery, in lieu of consecrating it in a
strictly legal way.
» fig.
1599 SHAks. Hen. V, 1v. Chor. 37 Nor doth he dedicate
one iot of colour Vnto the wearie and all-watched Night.
1606 — Tr. § Cr. ut. ii. 110 Well Vnckle, what folly I com-
mit, I dedicate to you. 1678 Satmon Lond. Disp. 578/1
A Pectoral Decoction .. is Dedicated to the Lungs.
2. transf. To give up earnestly, seriously, or
wholly, ¢o a particular person or specific purpose ;
to assign or appropriate ; to devote.
1553 T. Witson Rhet. 3 We must dedicate our myndes
wholly to folowe the moste wise and learned menne, 1
Spenser Col. Clout 472 To her my thoughts I daily dedi-
cate. 1653 Watton Angler Ep. Ded. 3 When you .. devest
your self of your more serious business, and .. dedicate a day
or two to this Recreation. 1718 Prior Solomon u. 818 It bid
her .. dedicate her remnant life To the just duties of an
humble wife. 1771 Yuninus Lett. xlix. 257 The remainder
of the summer shall be dedicated to your amusement. 1818
Hatta Mid. Ages (1872) I. 504 The dukes of Savoy were
.. completely dedicated to the French interests. 1842 W.
SpatpinG /taly & 1%. /s?. 1. 236 It assumed the title of the
Via Bete acces from the processions to which it was dedi-
cated.
8. To inscribe or address (a book, engraving,
piece of music, etc.) 40 a patron or friend, as a
compliment, mark of honour, regard, or affection.
1 Boorpe Dyetary Pref. (1870) 227 And where I haue
dedycated this boke to your grace [etc.]. 1605 Bacon Adv.
Learn. 1. iii. §9 The ancient custom was to dedicate them
only to private and equal friends, or to entitle the books
with their names. (1737 Fiecpinc Hist. Reg. Ded., Asking
leave to dedicate, therefore, is asking whether you will pay
for your dedication, and in that sense I believe it is under-
stood by both authors and patrons. 1832 W. L. Garrison
Thoughts African Colon. p. iii, 1 dedicate this work to my
countrymen. 1848 THackERAyY Van. Fair, To B. W. Procter
this story is affectionately dedicated. ,
tb. To address (a letter or other communica-
tion) fo. Obs. rare.
1688 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. 1, 236 That some things of that
Nature had been proposed and Dedicated to y® proprietor,
by himself ..to which he believed he should receive his
Answer by y® ffirst Shi ping hether. 1776 Brack Lett. to
Adam Smith 26 Aug., r eard that he had dedicated a letter
to you, desiring you not to come.
Law. To devote or throw open to the use of
the public (a highway or other open space).
1843 Penny Cycl. XXVII. 153/2 It is necessary that the
party dedicating should have a sufficient interest in the land
to warrant such dedication.
b. To open formally to the public; to inaugu-
rate, make public.
1892 7imes (Weekly ed.) 21 Oct. 5/4 President Harrison
cannot visit Chicago to dedicate the World's Fair.
Dedicated (de‘dikeitéd), pp/. a. [f. prec. +
-ED.] Sacredly, solemnly, or formally devoted ;
wholly given up, etc.; inscribed (as a book).
c1600 SHaks. Sonn. Ixxxii. 3 The dedicated words which
writers use Of their fair subject, Messing every book. 1611
Brpe 2 Kings xii. 4 All the ag A of the dedicated things.
1661 Boyte Style of Script. Ep. Ded. (16 ye In the dedi-
cated book. 1805 Worpsw. Prelude wv. Wi S. (1888) 261/2
That I should be .. A dedicated Spirit.
Dedicatee (de:dikéti). [A modern formation
from DepicaTE v. + -EE, correlative to dedicator.]
One to whom anything is dedicated.
2 H. Brooke Fool of Qual. 1. Introd. iv, The writer
and his patron, the dedicator and the dedicatee. 1802 Syp,
Situ in £din. Rev. 1, 22 The worthy dedicatees, the Lord
Mayor and Aldermen. 1881 Saintspury Dryden 108 Assi-
duous visits to patrons and dedicatees.
Dedicati (devdike'tin), v7, sd. [-ING 1]
The action of the verb DEDICATE ; dedication.
1535 Coverpace Dan. iii. 3 The dedicatynge of y* ymage,
Pg heh Num, vii. 11 The dedicating of the Altar.
Dedicating, ///. a. [-1Nc.] That dedicates.
1666 J. Sercrant Let. Thanks 32 He is Mr. Stillingfleets
dedicated and dedicating friend.
Dedication (dediké'‘fon). [a. OF. dédication,
-cion (14th c, in Godef.), ad. L. dédication-em, n,
of action from dédicdre to DEDIOATE.]
1. The action of dedicating, the fact of being
dedicated ; a setting apart and devoting to the
Deity or to a sacred purpose with solemn rites.
2382 Wyciir Num. vii. 88 Thes thinges ben offrid in the
dedicacioun of the auter, whanne it is anoynt. 1387 TREvisa
Higden Vil. 35 Kyng William, ,commaundede nyh alle be
bisshoppes of Eng: t bey schulde come to pat dedica-
cioun be fiftenbe day of May. Carcrave Chron, 165
William .. aftir tyme that he had biggid the Cherch ageyn,
desired that the Kyng schuld com to the dedicacion. 1643
BurrouGues £-xf. Hosea viii. (1652) 292 Dedication is when
give a thing out of my own power, for a pious use, that I can-
114
not mayer ene! ys aed
1776 Giszon Decl. § F. 1. xvii. 444 The
lebrate the dedication of his city. _ 3 .
b. The form of words in which this act is ex-
P He ordeyned the ded:
1520 Caxton’s Chron. Eng. w. 38/1 He y-
cacyon of the chirche every yere sholde be sayd. 1607 Tor-
sett Foury. Beasts (1673) 264 Metellus the Mace
raised two porches .. without inscription or dedication.
e. The commemoration of such an act ; the day
or feast of dedication (of a church).
Feast of the Dedication: the annual commemoration of
vad purification of the Second Temple by Judas Macca-
us.
¢ 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xix. 87 When grete festez com-
mez .. as pe dedicacioun of pe kirk. 3, Cath. Angi. 93
Dedicacion, dedicacio, encennia. 1530 PALSGR. 212/2
cation a feestfull day, dedicace. 1695 Kennett Par. Antig.
(1818) II. 305 The dedication of churches should in all places
be celebrated on the first Sunday of the month October.
2. fig. The giving up or devoting (of oneself,
one’s time, labour, etc.) to the service of a person
or to the pursuit of a purpose.
16or Suaxs. Twi. N. v. i. 85 His life I gaue him, and did
thereto adde My loue without retention or restraint, All his
in dedication. 16x11 — Wint. T. 1. iv. 577 A Course more
romising, Then a wild dedication of your selues To vnpath'd
Vaters. 1841-44 Emerson £ss., Experience Wks. (Bohn) I.
177 We need change of objects. Dedication to one thought
is quickly odious. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) I. 345 The
dedication of himself to the improvement of his fellow-
citizens.
3. The dedicating of a book, etc.; the form of
words in which a writing, engraving, etc., is dedi-
cated to some person.
1598 FLorio Dict. Ep. Ded. 1 This dedication .. may haply
make your Honors muse. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. iil.
§$ 9 Neither is the modern dedication of books and writings,
as to patrons, to be commended. 1751 Jounson Rambler
No. 136 ® 6 Nothing has so much degraded literature from
its natural rank, as the practice of indecent and promiscuous
dedication. 1887 Bowen | irgil, Eclogue vi. Argt., The
Eclogue opens with a dedication to the Roman general
Varus, we
+4. Special appropriation. Ods.
1570-6 LamparpvE Perambl. Kent (1826) 225 It should
seeme by the dedication of the name [Sheppey], that this
Ilande was long since greatly esteemed either for the number
of the sh or for the fi se of the fleese.
5. Law. The action of dedicating (a highway,
etc.) to the public use.
1809 Tomiins Law Dict. s.v. Highway, A street built
upon a person’s own ground is a dedication of the Highway
so far only as the publick has occasion for it, viz. for a right
of passage. 1843 Penny Cycl. XXVII. 153 The dedication
of a way to the public may be by writing or by words. 1883
E. P. Wotstennotme Settled Land Act 28 Dedication to
the public is a term generally — to the act of throwing
roads open to the use of the public.
6. attrib, and Comb., as d. feast, festival ; dedica-
tion cross, a cross painted or carved on a church
or altar at its dedication; dedication day, the
anniversary of the dedication of a church, observed
as a festival.
1581 J. Bett Haddon'’s Answ. Osor. 323b, The feastes ..
of the patrone of the church, dedication day, and Relick-
sonday. 1 Kennett Par. Antig. (1818) I. The
rimitive fair in Oxford was on the day of St. Frideswide,
cause it was the dedication day of the chief conventual
church. a The dedication feasts fell on those days.
1848 B. Wes Continent, Ecclesiol. 57 Remains of .. a dedi-
cation-cross. 1882 Bioxam Gothic Arch. Il. 155 We
sometimes meet with dedication or consecration crosses
imbedded in the external walls of churches,
Dedicastional, a, [f. prec.+-au.] Of or per-
taining to dedication.
1884 Spring field Wheelmen's Gaz. Nov. 103/2 The mem-
bers .. met at the new rooms .. to witness the dedicational
exercises,
Dedicative (de-dike'tiv), a. [ad. L. dédicativ-
us, £. dédicat-, ppl. stem of dédicdre to DEDICATE ;
see Fog | Having the attribute of es.
ra ot dedicative, but it
tr. ncion xi. 14 Which is ..
is rather a negative Epistle. 1816 Kratince 7rav. (1817)
II. 79 Here is a temple of Mars with a dedicative inscription.
1 Corerince Aids Ref. (1848) I. 28 The religious nature
dedicative force of the marriage vow.
Dedicator (de‘dikeitaz). [a. L. dédicator,
agent-n. f. dédicare to DepicaTE.] One who de-
dicates ; esf, one who inscribes a k to a friend
or patron.
1596 W. Bartey New Bk. Tabliture Aijb (Stanf.), The
first of these causes doth shew a ie minde in the
Dedicator. 1663 Davenant Siege of Rhodes Ded., The ill
and indiacrefion of cntinesy Dem peters
Pore _Zss. Crit. 593 Leave dang’rous truths to unsuc-
cessful Sat: rere flattery to fulsome Dedicators.
H. Wavroce Lett. Mont clxxxi, It is usual to give dedi-
cators something. 1855 Lewis Cred. Zarly Rom. Hist. 1.
ix. 312 Here they dedicate some brazen bowls .. with the
names of the dedicators.
Dedicato'rial (de:diketdorial), a, [f. as Dr-
DICATORY +-AL.] = DEpIcATORY.
1844 J. W. Doxatneon Varronianus 131 Tuscan inscrip-
or dedi . 1,
tions .. of a sep ir
Dedica (de'dikétarili), adv. [f. Dxpt-
CATORY @.+-LY *.] In a dedicatory manner.
1821 Blackw. ws: X. 200 The Thomas Hope, who writes
so dedicatorily to Louisa from Duchess Street,
| goddes he were now alyue.
DEDITICIAN.
Dedicatory (de-dikettai, -kétari’, @. and sé,
[f. L. type *dadicatori-us, £. dedicator-em Dept-
CATOR: see -oRY. Cf. mod.F. dédicatoire.]
A. adj. ing to, or of the nature of, dedi-
cation ; that has the attribute of dedicating, serving
to dedicate. Used chiefly of literary dedication, as
in epistle dedicatory.
1565 Randolphes Phantasey(in Satir. Poems Re, 1890)
i), Epistle dedicaone (to Me. Thome Kamiate
Dexxer Honest Wh. Wks. 1873 11. 121 Whose face is
as cluill as the outside of a i Booke. 1611 Bisie,
The Epistle Dedicatorie. To the Most High and Mightie
Prince, lames, etc. 1727 Berkeey Tour in /taly Wks. 1871
ait coe Gedicatary is Teil of renpact tothe pore,
1846 Extis Elgin Maré, 11. 108 We read of similar dedi-
ar 5 a ay in the Bible.
. So, A meagre inscription or address.
1598 Yonc Diana, As Collin in his French dedicatorie to
the Illustrous Prince Lewis of Lorraine at € setteth
downe. 1642 Mitton Afol, Smect. (1851) 259 Neere a kin
to him who set forth a Passion Sermon with a formall Dedi-
catory in great letters toour Saviour. 1674 Hickman Quin-
quart. Hist. (ed, 2) Ep. A v, C ded in the Dedi y
as being [etc.]. P 5
ture (dedikeitii). rare. [f. L. dédicat-,
ppl. stem+-urE.] The act of dedication.
c1850 Mrs. Browninc Sabbath Morning at Sea viii,
1 would not praise the pageant high Yet miss the dedicature.
+ ie, v. Obs. [a. F. dédie-r (12th c, in
Hatzf.), ad. L. dédicare to DepicaTe.] To dedicate.
©1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 1, xv. (1869) 12 Whan thou
dediedest and halwedest and blissedest the place, 1485
Caxton Chas. Gt. 16 Yf thou haddest dedyed a to my
2549 Compl. Scot. Ep. 7 The
quhilk tracteit i hef dediet direckyt to 3our nobil
grace.
+ De'dify, dedefy, 7. Oés. [app. a confused
form from y dédier, or L. dédicére, to DEDICATE,
and edify (+ edefy), F. édifier, L. wdificare.] To
dedicate (a building). Hence Dedifying 2d/. sb.
1482 Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 30 The awter that is dedi-
fyed and halowd in the worschipe of seynte laurence. 1483
‘Axton Gold. Leg. 194/2 Saynt remyge dyd halowe ani
dedefye hit. 1483 Cath. A ‘A 93 Dedyfye, icare,dedicare,
sanctificare. 1494 Fasyvan Chron. v. cxxxii. 115 Any forther
busynesse touchyng the So, ae of y* vs Cinnche,
+ i ‘tion. Oss. [a. OF. dédignation
(Godef. ), ad. L. dédignation-em, n. of action from
dedignare, -ari to reject as unworthy, Dispary, f.
De- I. 6 + dignari to think worthy, f. dignus
worthy.]
1. Disdain, scorn, content ES
L anc's Ci ’o i dedi,
dona ter sph ada a. aa pers De Imitatione
ut. xiii, Wo to sored Ped dedi ion to meke hem
ainst 1716 M.
Socinians reject the Imputa-
tion..with the utmost Horror and Dedignation.
2. Displeasure, anger (= DISDAIN sé, 2); pass.,
state of being under a person’s displeasure, dis-
favour.
Li Itin, 1V. 33 Wainflet great with
Hoty the vi, whaty be wen in geaas Paligeaion oO
Edward the iv. ;
+ De-digne, v. Obs—° [ad. L. dédignare (see
Prec.)] : ites
ERAM, Dedigne, to disdaine.
} Bedi'gnity, v. Obs. [f. Dr- II. 1+ Diexiry
v.] trans. To deprive of dignity or worthiness ;
to disparage, flout.
oat ayton Pleas. Notes m1. xi. 151 What affront
id he put upon himselfe, then to dedignifie his counte-
nance, as not worthy to be look’d on by a y:
|| Dedimus (de-dimis). Law, [From the words
of the writ, dedimus potestatem, Lat. ‘we have
pos the power’.] A writ empow one who
not a judge to do some act in place of a judge.
<tho-ee Pieetaak COP 92 Afore Easter,
1771 SMottett Humph. Ci. 11. 26 June, He .. found means
to obtain a Dedimus as an acting justice
Bentuam Method of Census Wks. (1843) X.
justices. .who have taken out their respective
, var. of DEDEIGN v.2 Sc,
Dedir, obs. form of Dipper z., to tremble.
Dedist, obs. form of didst: see Do v.
Deditician (dediti-fain), sd. and a. Rom. Law.
Also -itian. [f. L. déditici-us, orig. an alien enemy
who had surrendered unconditionally, then a freed-
man of the class described below ; f. dédit-, ppl.
stem of dédére to surrender : see -ICToUS and -aN.]
A freedman who, on account of some grave
offence committed during his state of slavery, was
not allowed the full rights of citizenship. Also
attrib. or as adj.
1880 Mutrneap U/pian i, § 11 Those freedmen are ranked
as dediticians who have been put in chains by their owners
pr pl cage mem end = ree Fab sr nn he 4
fight either with the sword or wi fi Be by
|
DEDITION.
Hence Dediti‘ciancy, the condition or state of
a deditician.
Dedition (didi‘fen). Now rare or Obs. [ad.
L. dédition-em, n. of action from dédére to lay
down, give up, f. Dz- I. 3+dédre to give, to put.]
Giving up, yielding, surrender. ¢ ‘
1523 St. Papers Hen. VIII, V1. 135 For dedicion of their
places townes and strengthes to the Kinges subjection.
1659 Hammonp Ox Ps, cx. 7. 566 Eastern Princes .. in token
of dedition exacted from subjugated provinces Earth and
Water. 1667 Decay of Chr. Piety xiii. § 1. 334 [They] make
an entire dedition of themselves, and submit to the severest
and ignoblest vassalage. 1705 StaNHore Paraphr. IV. 598
He disputes not the..Dedition made by his Faction. 1851
Gattenca /taly 367 He insisted upon distinct and positive
terms of dedition. wae
+ Dediti‘tious, @. rare-°. [f. L. deditici-us,
-ittus (see above) + -ous.] (See quot.) mie
1727 Baitey vol, II, Dedititious, yielding, or delivering
himself up into the power of another.
Dedly, obs. form of Deapiy.
+Dedoctor. Os. xonce-wd. [cf. Dr- II.
3; agent-n. f. L. dédocére to cause to unlearn,
to teach the contrary of, f. DE- I. 6 + docére to
teach : cf. Docror.] :
1656 HosBes Six Lessons vi.ad fin., Dedoctors of morality.
Dedoggerelize, dedogmatize: see Dr- II. 1.
Dedolation (didolzfon). Med. [n. of action
from L. dédolére to hew away, f. Dr- I. 2 + dolare
to chip, hew.] ‘ The shaving off of a portion of
the skin or other part of small importance by an
oblique cut’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.).
1857 Dunciison Med. Dict. s. v., It is commonly on the
head that wounds by dedolation are observed.
+ Dedorleate, v. Ods.—° [irreg. f. L. dadolére:
see DEDOLENT.]
1623 CockeraAM, Dedoleate, to end ones sorrow or griefe.
+ Dedolence. 0és. [ad. L. dédoléntia abandon-
ment of grief, ceasing to grieve, f. dédolére : see
DeEDOLENT.] Absence of grief or sorrow ; insen-
sibility, callousness.
1606 Birnie Airk-Buriall (1833) 10 Our Heroik burials..
wherein the toutting of trumpets, trampling of steades, and
trouping of men, may sufficiently testifie the dedolence of
men. 1633 Rocers Treat. Sacraments u. 127 This chases
away the cloudes of dedolence and impenitency. 1633
T. Avams Z£.xf. 2 Peter iii. 15 There is a dedolence, to be
in pain and not to feel it.
t+Dedolency. ds.
next and -ENcy.}] =prec.
a 1617 Bayne Ox Coloss. (1634) 100 That is a blockish head
which.can. .goe on in a Stoicall dedolency. 1655 GuRNALL
Chr. in Arm. v. (1669) 33/2 Riches & treasures in their
Coffers, numness and dedolency in their Consciences.
+ De‘dolent, a. Ods. [ad. L. dadolént-em, pr.
pple. of dédolére to give over grieving, f. Dx- I. 6
+ dolére to grieve.] That feels sorrow no more ;
feeling no compunction ; insensible, callous.
1633 Rocers Treat. Sacraments 1.23 With an insensible,
dedolent heart, with a dead benummed spirit. 1647 Warp
Simp. Cobler 20 Men .. accursed with indelible infamy and
dedolent impenitency. 1698 R. Fercusson View Eccles. 46
His Forehead is Brass double gilt and his Understanding. .
Callous and Dedolent.
Deducate (de-dizkzit), v. (See quot.) So
De‘ducated, Deduca‘tion, De’ducator.
1867 Furnivatt Pref. to Hymns to Virgin p. viii, Many
educated (or deducated) persons. Mote, We sadly want some
word like this deducate, deducation, &c., to denote the wilful
down-leading into prejudice and unreason.. Let any one
think of the amount ‘of deducation attempted about the Re-
peal of the Corn Laws..&c., and then see how hard the de-
ducators still are at their work !
Deduce (didizs), v. Also 6-7 evron. diduce.
[ad. L. dédiic-ére to lead down, derive, in med.L.
to infer logically, f. Dx- I. 1, 2 + diicéve to lead.
-Cf. Depuct. In 16-17th c. there was frequent
confusion of the forms of deduce and D1pucx, q. v.
(The sense-development had already taken place in Latin,
and does not agree with the chronological data in English.)]
L. Ut. trans. a. To bring, convey; sfec. (after
Lat.), to lead forth or conduct (a colony). arch.
1578 Banister Hist. Man v.71 If any of the wayes de-
ducyng choler, come vnto the bottome of the ventricle. 1612
Sevpen Jilustr. of Drayton § 17 (R.) Advising him he
should hither deduce a colony. 1685 StiLLiNGFL. Ovig.
Brit. i. 5 The Romans began to deduce Colonies, to settle
gy a and Jurisdictionshere. 1822 T.Tavtor Apuleius
340 pe nature may from thence deduce it [the blood]
through all the members. 1866 J. B. Rose Virgil’s Georg.
88 Still Ausonian colonists rehearse, Deduced from Troy,
the incoherent verse.
+b. To bring or draw (water, etc.) from. Obs.
1602 Futpecke 2vd Pt. Parall. 54 By that meane he
deduced water out of the earth. ¢z630 Rispon Surv. Devon
§ 107 (1810) 104 Conduits .. nourished with waters deduced
from out of the fields.
+e. To bring or draw down. Obs.
1621 G. Sanpys Ovid's Met. xu. (1626) 244 Orions mother
Mycale, eft-soone Could with her charmes deduce the
meoging Moone. _
+2. fig. a, To lead, bring. Ods,
1545 Jove Ex. Dan. Ded. A.iv, Christ himself doth.,
deduce us unto the readinge of thys boke. 1585 J. Hitrox
in Fuller C4, Hist. 1x. vi. §27 That..we be. .made partakers
of his Testament, and so deduced to the knowledge of his
godly will. 1706 Cottier Reff. Ridic. 25 He continually
deduces the conversation to this topick.
[f. L. dédolentia: see
115
+b. Law. To bring before a tribunal.
1612 Bacon Ess. ¥udicature (Arb.) 458 Many times, the
thing deduced to Iudgement, may bee meus et tuum(etc.].
+e. To lead away, turn aside, divert.
1541 Act 33 Hen. VIII, c. 32 The vicar .. wolde deduce
them from ir said most accustomable parishe church of
Whitegate, vnto his said church of Quer. 1647 Litty Chr.
Astrol. clxvii. 720 The force of a Direction may continue
many_yeers, untill the Significator is deduced to another
Promittor. :
d. To bring down, convey by inheritance.
Br. Hatt Hard Texts 483 If Abraham .. had this
iven to him for his inheritance, how much more may
wee, his seed, (to whom it is deduced) .. challenge a due
interest in it. 1641 ‘Smecrymnuus’ Axsz. § 6 (1653) 32
How this should have beene deduced to us in an uninter-
rupted Line, wee know not.
38. To draw or obtain /vom some source; to
derive. Now somewhat rare.
1565-78 Coorer Thesaurus Introd., Whether the word be
a Primative or derivative deduced of some other. 1596
H. Crarnam Briefe Bible 1. 15 He, of Nothing, created
Something .. whereout, Al other Creatures were to be
diduced. 1634 Sir T. Herserr Trav. (1638) 232 A cere-
mony diduced from the Romans. 1665 /éid. (1677) 181
Rivers that deduce their Springs near each other. 1790
Cowrer My Mother's Picture 108 My boast is not, that
I deduce my birth From loins enthron’d, and rulers of the
earth. 1869 Farrar Fam. Speech i. (1873) 20 The attempt
to prove that all languages were deduced from the Hebrew.
. intr. To be derived. rare. (Cf. to derive.)
1866 J. B. Rose tr. Ovid’s Fasti Notes 240 The former
notion of a bird..may deduce from the eastern word Gaph.
1889 Courtney J/7d/ 20 ‘The very first principles from which
it deduces, are so little axiomatic that, etc.
4. trans. To trace the course of, trace out, go
through in order (as in narrative or description) ;
to bring down (a record) from or Zo a particular
period. + Formerly, also, To conduct (a process),
handle, treat, deal with (a matter).
1528 Garpiner in Pocock Rec. Ref I. |. 115 Considering
how the process might be after the best sort deduced and
handled. ¢ 1645 Howe tt Le¢é. vi. 61, I will deduce the
business from the beginning. 1659 Br. Watton Consid.
Considered 259 These things are largely deduced and
handled in the same Prolegomena. 1685 STILLINGFL. Orig.
Brit. iii. 88 Having deduced the Succession of the British
Churches down to..the first Councel of Arles. 1728-46
THomson Spring 577 Lend me your song, ye nightingales..
while I deduce, From the first note the hollow cuckoo sings,
The symphony of Spring. 1776 Gispon Decd. & Fadl 1. 296
The general design of this work will not permit us..to
deduce the various fortunes of his private life. 1818 Jas.
Mint Brit. India 1. (1840) I. 2 To deduce to the present
times a history of..the British transactions, which have had
an immediate relation to India. 1866 J. Martineau Ess.
I, 149 All the optical history. .is elaborately deduced.
5. To trace the derivation or descent of, to
show or hold (a thing) to be derived from.
@ 1536 TinpALe Wks. 21 (R.) Deducyng the loue to God
out oF fayth, and the loue of a man’s neighbour out of the
loue of God. 1579 W. Futke Ref Rastel 715 They could
not deduce the beginning from y® Apostles. 1658 UssHer
Annals 593 They deduced themselves from the Athenians.
1676 Hopcson in Phil. Trans. X1. 766 Those..who deduce
the Scurvy from the use of Sugar. 1767 Brackstone Comme.
IL, 114 He cannot deduce his descent wholly by heirs male.
6. To derive or draw as a conclusion fro some-
thing already known or assumed; to derive by a
process of reasoning or inference; to infer. (The
chief current sense.)
1529 More Dyaloge 111. Wks. 215/2 Y° case once graunted,
ye deduce your conclusion very surelye. 1651 BaxTER
Inf. Bapt. 87 It must, be [known] rationally by deducing it
from some premises. 1696 Wuiston 7h. Earth u. (1722)
184 The knowledge of Causes is deduc’d from their Effects.
so Rew Aristotle's Log. iv. § 4. 83 Rules..deduced from
the particular cases before determined. 1812 Sir H. Davy
Chem, Philos, p. viii, It was deduced from an indirect
experiment. 1849 Murcuison Siluvia i. (1867) 2 This
inference has been deduced from positive observation. 1885
Leupesporr Cremona's Proj. Geont. 277 From this we
deduce a method for the construction.
b. Less commonly with 067. clause.
1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 461/2 We deduce ther-
upon that he wil not suffer his church fal into y? erronious
belief of anie damnable vntrouthe. 1646 Str T. Browne
Pseud. Ep.v.vi. 243 That the custome of feasting upon beds
was in use among the Hebrewes, many diduce from the
23. of Ezekiel.
+7. To deduct, subtract. Ods.
1563-7 Bucuanan Reform. St. Andros Wks. (1892) 14 The
principal sal deduce sa mekle of hys gagis. 1614 Br. Hace
Recoil, Treat, 514 The more we deduce, the fewer we leave.
1632 B. Jonson Magn. Ladyu.i, A matter of four hundred
To be deduced upon the payment. 1662 STILLINGFL. Orig.
Sacr, 1. v. § 3, 1117. which being deduced from 3940. the
remainder is 2823,
+ 8. To reduce (to a different form). Ods.
1586 J. Hooxer Giradld. Irel. in Holinshed 11. 10/t By
these meanes the whole land, which is now diuided into fiue
prouinces or portions, maie be deduced and brought into
one. 1654 Gataker Disc. Afol. 36 After that my Morning
Lecture was reduced, or deduced rather, to the ordinarie
hour in most places. 1749 J. MiLtan (¢/¢/e), Coins, Weights,
and Measures, Ancient and Modern, of all Nations, deduced
into English on above 109 Tables,
Hence Dedu'cing v4/. sb., deduction.
1530 Patsar. 212/2 Deducyng, discours. 1532 More Confut.
Te iale Wks. 461/2 Termes. .of drawyng oute & deducinges
and depending vpon scrypture. 1651 Hospes Leviath, 11.
xxv. 133 Consisting in a deducing of the benefit, or hurt
that may arise, etc. 1827 WHATELY Logic (1837) 258 The
deducing of an inference from those facts,
+
16;
lan
DEDUCT.
Deduceable, obs. var. of DEDUCIBLE.
+ Dedu‘cement. Ods. Also 7 (evvon.) diduce-
ment. [f. DEDUCE +-MENT.]
1. A deduction, inference, conclusion.
1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. xxiii. § 7. 104 If I woulde
haue broken them and illustrated them by diducements and
examples. @ 1631 Donne Servi. xii. 114 All the Deduce-
ments and Inferences of the Schooles, 1682 Drypen Relig.
Laicé Pref. (Globe ed.) 186 Those deducements, which I am
confident are the remote effects of Revelation.
2. A tracing out (see DEDUCE 4). rave.
1820 Blackw. Mag. VII. 362 A regular deducement of the
Batavian line through all the varieties of place and fortune.
Deducible (d7dizsib’l), a. Also 7 (erron.)
diducible, 7-8 deduceable. [f. L. dédicére to
DEDUCE + -BLE.]
1, That may be deduced or inferred.
1617 Coins Def. Bf. Ely 1. iii. 126 Nothing is deducible
out of his doctrine, which fauours the Popedome. 1678
R. Barcray Afol. Quakers xu. § x. 451 There [is] not any
difference or ground for it visible in the Text, or deduceable
from it. 1752 J. GiLt Trinity i. 14 These are consequences
justly deducible from our principles. 1867 J. Martineau
Ess. I. 62 Precept is not deducible from precept.
b. as sb. That which is deducible ; an inference
that may be drawn.
1654 WuitTLock Zootomia 511 Yet since it is from Truth,
and her Secretaries (the Casuists), heare their deducibles.
1861 J. Martineau Ess, etc. (1891) II. 435 As if they were
deducibles from the primary spiritual truth. 1881 Casry
Seguel to Euclid 16 A large number of deducibles may be
given in connexion with. . Prop. xlvii.
+2. That may be or is to be deducted. Ods. rave.
1613 I. Roparts Revenue of Gospel 94 Before I come to
define the charge diducible.
Hence Deducibility, Dedu‘cibleness, the
quality of being deducible.
1846 WorcESTER cites Cotertpce for deducibility. 1881
Westcorr & Horr Grk. N. 7. Introd. §67 The easy
deducibility, direct or indirect, of all their readings from
a single text. 1727 Battey vol, II, Deduciéleness, capable-
ness of being deduced.
Dedu‘cive, 2. rare °
cf. conducive.) (See quot.)
2758 Jounson, Deducive, performing the act of deduction.
Dict.
+ Dedurct, A//. a. Obs. [ad. L. déduct-us, pa.
pple. of déditcére: see next. After the formation
of deduct vb., used as its pa. pple. till superseded by
deducted.) Deducted.
1439 Nolls of Parl. 5 Aftur the summes in the seid Com-
missions to be deducte. 1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 61 §1
Aftir all ordinary charges deducte. 1532 Fritu Mirror or
Glass (1829) 273 The poor, which..are the owners, under
God, of all together, the minister’s living deduct.
Deduct (didukt), v. [f. L. déduct-, ppl. stem
of L. dédiic-cve to lead or bring down or away,
lead off, withdraw, f. De- I. 1, 2 + dicéve to lead,
draw. Cf. DepucE: the two verbs were formerly
to a great extent synonymous, but are now differen-
tiated in use, by the restriction of this to sense 1.]
1. trans. To take away or subtract from a sum
or amount. (The current sense.)
Now said usually of amounts, portions, etc., while sudtvact
is properly said only of numbers; but deduct was formerly
used also of the arithmetical operation.
1524 Ch. Accts. Kingston-on-Thames in Lysons Environs
of London I, 226 Rec4 at the Church Ale and Robyn-hode,
all things deducted, 32. 10s, 6d. 1530 PALsGR. 5009/1, I de-
ducte, I abate partyculer sommes out of a great somme, Ye
rabats. 1542 Recorpe Gr. Artes (1575) 107 Deducte the
digit from the figure that is ouer him, and write the re-
mayner, 1631 GouGE Goa’s Arrows v. § 18. 430 His Master
might buy him bow, and arrowes, and deduct the price
out of his wages. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep... ii.
182 Deducting the waight of that five pound. 1751 Joun-
son Rambler No. 108 ? 2 When we have deducted all
that is absorbed in sleep. 18g0 Prescotr Peru II, 115 The
royal fifth was first deducted, including the remittance
already sent to Spain. 1874 Masson Ailton (Gold. Treas.
ed.) I. p. xi, If we deduct the two Psalm Paraphrases..
Milton’s literary life may be said to begin exactly with the
reign of Charles I.
absol. 1824 Examiner 641/1 Every shilling squandered
by Ministers. .deducts from the value of their property.
+2. To lead forth, conduct (a colony); =DE-
DUCE 1a. Oés.
1549 CoverDALe Evasm. Par. Phil. Argt., A people de-
ducted oute of the citie of Philippos. 1582 [see DepuctinG].
1600 Hottanp Livy Pref. 3 Venice was a Colonie deducted
and drawne from thence. 1627 [see Depuctep].
+3. To draw or convey (a streamlet) aside (from
the main stream). Ods. rare.
1621 Burton Anat. Mel. Democr. to Rdr. 10 Which as
a rillet is deducted from that maine channell of my other
studies. c¢ 1626 Dick of Devon. u. ii. in Bullen O. PZ. IH. 31
A rivolet but deducted From the mayne Channell.
+4. To derive; to trace the derivation or descent
of ;= DEDUCE 3, 5. Obs. ;
1530 Patscr. 17 All suche wordes as be deducted out of
Latin wordes. 1565 T. Stapleton Jortr. Faith 94° For
more safety to deduct that succession from the See of Rome.
1577-87 HoiinsHeD Chron. II. 9/1 Touching the name
Ibernia, historiographers are not yet agreed from whence it
is deducted. a164x Br. Mountacu Acts § Mon. (1642) 108
In deducting the Maccabees from Iudah. 1648 Gace West
Ind. xx. (1655) 174 From whence commonly in the Church
of Rome the Texts and subjects of Sermons are deducted.
1660 R. SHERINGHAM King’s Suprem. Asserted ii. (1682) 10
All authority ,. is derived and deducted from the King’s
Majesty,
15*-2
[f. Depucr + -IvE:
DEDUCTIBLE.
+5. To trace out in order; to bring down from
or ¢o a particular period ; = Deuce 4. Obs. nics
1545 LeLanp aceon _ Gift i in Strype Eccl, Mem. 1
116
ya in Logic, inference by reasoning from generals
culars ; 0} to InpucTION.
pe og Hooker Eccl. Pol. 1. xiv. (1611) 42 And show the
a exviii. 330 The begynnyng at | the Dru:
leducted vnto the t: tyme of the comyng of S, Augustyne.
1586 Mary Q. Scors Let. to Babington 12 Jafy § in Howell
St. Triads (1809) I. 1177 4d divers great and importunate
considerations which were here too long to be deducted.
+6. To rene A reasoning, infer, deduce. Ods.
1563 Foxe A. & 850 b, ‘This parte he deducted and
pend by arg ay omg and similitudes. pSir E.
Gear Lett. Higgins 37 Which by Logicall conse-
quence is not Necessarily d acted out of the path
1660 tr. Amyraldus’ Treat. conc. Relig. 1. iii. 32 A concep-
tion..deducted from sober influence of reason. 1889 Cape
Law ¥rnil. 203 To take-all the ci ses into
ation and to deduct therefrom. .the act of desertion.
+7. To reduce. Ods. (Cf. DeDucE 8.)
1599-16.. Massincer, etc. Old Law m. i. Clerk. ’Tis but
so many months, so many weeks, so many—. Guothe. Do
not deduct it to days, ‘twill be the more tedious.
Hence Dedu'cted ff/. re Dedu'eting vd. sb.
1582 Divers Voy. (Haklu mee eee . 1850) 9 The deducting of
some Colonies of our superfluous people into those temperate
and fertile tesof America. 1596 Spenser Hymn Love
106 Man. .hauing yet in his deducted spright, Some s
remaining of that fbb fyre.
It befell to my lot. .to-performe the part of a French Oratour
by a deducted speech 1n the same toong.
1v. 434 Though no deducted colony,
Deductible (diédzktib’l), a. vare. [f. L.
deduct- (see prec.) + -BLE.] Cap tie of being
deducted.
1856 Mrs. Brownitnc Aur. Leigh un. (1888) 71 Not one
found honestly deductible From any use that pleased him.
Deductile, a. rare— °. [ad. L. type déductil-is,
f. déduct- Depuct.]
1727 Baitey vol. II, Deductile, easy to be deducted.
Deduction (drdv: kfan). Also 5 deduxion,
5-6 deduccion, 6 deduccoun. [In some senses
a. F. déduction (Oresme 14th c.), but in most ad.
L. déduction-em, n. of action from L. dédiicére :
see Depuct, Depucr.] The action of deducting.
1. The action of deducting or taking away from
a sum or amount; subtraction, abatement.
1483 in Arnolde Chron. (1811) 110 The sayde Ri. shall be
chargeable for the hoole somme..wythot ony deduxion.
1496-7 Act 12 Hen. VII, c. 12 § 4 Any deduccion or
abatement befortyme allowed. 1646 Sir T. Deo yNE Psend,
Ep. iv. xii. 217 He dyed in the day of his nativity,
out deduction justly accomplished the year of eighty one.
1776 Smitu IW. N. 1. viii. (1869) 1. 68 His rent .. makes the
first deduction from the produce of the labour which is
employed upon land. 1827 JARMAN Powell's Devises 11.
55 Ihe interest given to them was exclusive of, and with
a deduction of, that sum. 1868 Freeman Norm. Cong.
(1876) II. vii. 33 Charges of this kind must always be taken
with certain deductions.
b. That which is deducted or subtracted.
1546 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 197 Wyth the yerely Resolutes
and deduccions goyng out of the same. 1§§7 RecorpE
Whetst. X j, For subtraction your nombers are sette downe
after the common maner, firste the totall, and then the de-
duction. 1703 T. N. City §& C. Purchaser 55 In taking
out the Deductions for the Doors and Windows.
2. A leading forth or away (sfec. of a colony) ;
conduct. Now rare or Obs.
1615 CHAPMAN Odyss. v1. 455 Take such way, That you
yourself may compass. . Your quick deduction by my father’s
grace. 1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. 1. x. 228 Deductions
of Colonies, and new Plantations. 1832 Blackw. Mag.
XXXI. 574 The solemn deduction (to use the technical
term) of a legitimate Roman colony.
+b. fig. A leading up: 4o something, intro-
duction. Ods. rare.
1513 More Rich. ///, Wks, 61 (R.) He sodainly lefte the
matter, with which he was in hand, and without any de-
duction thereunto. . began to repete those wordes again.
+3. The action or result of tracing out or setting
forth in order; a detailed narration or account.
Obs. (CE. Depuce 4, DEDUCT v. 5.)
a 1532 Remedie of Love (R.), Ordinately behoveth thee
first to procede In deduction thereof [this werke].
Forio J/ontaigne 1. ix. (1632) 17 A long counterfet deduc-
tion of this storie. 1670 Keveen Mem. (1857) Ill. 222
Asolemn deduction and true state of all affairs and particu
bed Cuesrerr. Le??, IL. clix. 71 It..gives a clear deduction
the affairs of Europe from ‘the treaty of Munster to this
time. 1826 C. Butter Life Grotius 34 We have thus
brought down our historical deduction of the German
Empire to the accession of the Emperor Charles.
+4. Mus. The succession of notes forming a
THexacHorD; the singing of these in order. Obs.
1597 Morty /ntrod. Mus. 7 Now for the last tryall of your
singing in continuall deduction sing this perfectly.
Doutanp Ornith. Microl. 26 There are .. three Deductions
of this kinde. 1876 Strainer & Barretr Dict. Mus. Terms.
+5. The process of deducing or deriving from
some source; derivation. Os.
1612 Drayton Poly-olb, ix. Notes 145 Affirming that our
Britons from them. .had deduction of this nationall title.
bowls Gare Crt. Gentiles 1. 1. ii. 12 The deduction of the
reek Leters from the Hebrew. 175§ Jounson Dict.,
onamane Eng. Tongue, Etymology teaches the deduction
of one word from another.
b. concr. That which is derived. rare.
@ 1835 Rickman Archit, 30 There may be some doubt,
whether the modern Ionic box gn is o rather a deduction
from the Ci than th
6. The process of deduci or drawing a con-
clusion from a principle already known or assumed;
167 May Lucax | 5. Doctrines Traditional, Su
ks
1598 Yonc Diana Ded. |
f out mph Nodingerriog 1651
Hoses Govt. A iii. § 26
> oa} of these Lawes
is so pea Fra ete). 1 UTLER Anal. 1. vi.
A matter i . 7 1 BetsHam
1. i. 4 It follows by easy and irrefi leduction. 1860
Bhai allows by Ths oe
deriving facts from laws, and effects from their causes.
a gave ocak Civiliz. (1869) 111. v. 291 By deduction we
descend from the abstract to the concrete.
b. ¢ransf. That which is deduced ; an inference,
conclusion.
1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 461/2 Yet if he would
-neither vse false deduccions of hys owne, nor refuse our
deduccions r we deduce them wel. 1671 J. Wester
Metallogr. i. 9 From all this we shall only draw
Deductions. 1736 ButLer Axad. 1. ii. 35 It is not so much
a Deduction eason, as a Matter of Experience.
1876
Freeman Norm. Cong. V. xxii. 21 The whole evidence ..
bears out the general deductions which I have made.
+7. Reduction. Ods. rare. (Cf. Depuct 7.)
16s0 Butwer Anthropomet. 172 The Deduction and
Moderation of their Excrescencie,
Dedu‘ctional, a. vare. [f. prec.+-aL.] Of,
pertaining to, or of the nature of deduction.
1683 E. Hooker Pref. Ep. Pordage's Mystic Div. 44 As
3 eal 1, and Deductional,
these are (world !) without en
Deductive (did ktiv),a. [ad. L. déductiv-us,
f. déduct-, ppl. stem of dédiicére to DEDUCE: see
-ive. Cf. mod.F. déductif, -ive.]
1. Of the nature of, or characterized by the use
of, deduction; sfec. in Logic, reasoning from
generals to particulars ; opposed to zmductive.
1665 GLANvILL Scepsis Sci. xxiii. § 1 All knowledge of
| causes is deductive. 1665 Hooke Microgr. D, The rational
and with- |
or deductive Faculty.
metry is a Deductive Science. @ 1862 Buckie Misc. Wks.
(187) I. 7 Women naturally prefer the deductive method to
the inductive. :
b. Of persons: Employing the method of de-
duction ; reasoning deductively.
1861 Tuttocu Eng. Purit. iii. 378 Of all the divines of his
time, none was more bold, or deductive, 1867 Lewes //ist.
Philos. 11. 153 The mathematical cultivators of Physics
and the deductive cultivators of Philosophy.
+2. Derivative.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 1. x. 38 He labours to intro-
duce a secondary and deductive Atheisme, that although
they concede there is a God, yet should they deny his pro-
vidence.
+ B. sb. Deductive reasoning ; a deduction.
1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. To Rdr., If there be any
Errours .. in my Deductives, in ae or Applications.
Deductively (d/dz'ktivli), adv. [f. prec. +
-LY *.] In a deductive manner, by deduction, in-
ferentially ; + by derivation or descent.
a 1641 Br. Mou ntacu Acts & Mon. (1642) 132 Holinesse .
deductively ee sed from himselfe to others, members and
parts of his y mysticall. 1646 Sir T. Browne Psend.
Ep. i. x.39 Yet doth it diductively and upon inference in-
clude the same. 1857 WHeweit Hist. /nduct. Sc. 1. 114
Which trace deductively the results. 1862 H. Spencer First
Princ. i. viii, § 73 The truth as arrived at deductively, can-
not be inductively confirmed
Deductory (d/dv ktari), a. rare. [ad. L. dé-
ductori-us, f. déductor, agent-n. from dediicére to
DEDUCE : see -orY.]
+1. Law. Having the effect of bringing a matter
before a court (see DepucE 2b). Odés.
1613 Sir H. Fincu Law (1636) 490 Being not diductory to
bring any matter into plea or solemne action, but onely
Commandatorie or Prohibitorie.
2. =DepuctivE a.
1655 Futver Ch. Hist. 0 viii. § 3 A consequential and de-
ductory felonie. er D. Huntine in National Rev.
XIV. 219 Ascertain by fair deductory evidence.
+ Deduit, 52. Ods. Forms: 3-4 dedut, 4 de-
dute, dedwt, 4-5 deduit(e, 5 deduyt(e. See
also Dure. [a. F. dédutt rath c. in Littré) :—L.
déduct-um, subst. use of pa. a of dédiicére in
sense of ‘divert’, In Prov, desduch, desdui, from
desduire, desdure = ¥, déduire, L. dédticére.]
Diversion, enjoyment, pleasure.
1297 R. Giouc. (xyaq) 64 [H di in Peden iwend
a Honuin = er Writ Palern so con tir rin
y in dedut and in murbe. 1 Ficcall grin
which 3
the yere hath his deduit
of fruit. _¢ 1450 cred ge This Dionas ee Ft ng
deduyt of the wode an ec river. 1480 a Coit
= XL Sapte Lido - lady rn Pog yt oe
eg. 11 r t
Sota of the world. neers ag
+ Deduit, -e, 2//.a. Obs. rare.
~ite, le. of déduire :—L. dédiicére:
vor] rawn out,
es | Chas. Gt. 26 He had the face deduyte in
‘Ded
tion (dididplike"-fi jan), Bot. [a. F
déduplication, \atinized deriv. of F . dédoubler (des-
doubler, 1429 in Hatzf.) to separate what is double,
divide into two halves, f. des-, dé- (Dx- I. 6) +
ae, to double.] Congenital division of one
into two (or more) ; or
Linptey /utrod, Bot, (1848) 1.332, I t I might
extra the primitive meaning of the word iplication,
[a. F. dédutt,
see DE-
1846 Mitt Logic u. iv. § 4 Geo- |
DEED.
and consider it with separation, dis}
Ibid. The t theory. of ded — ication has its
hn B s oh 1850 Gray
365. Nag Stree Bot. “e t. soe Chniters etigtation
; the division of that which Pigeon nt Sy ei one organ
into two or more (a division which is’ of course congenital),
so that two or more organs py the position of one.
Dedur, obs. foam of of DrppER v.
Dedut(e, deduyt(e, var. Depuir Obs.
var, DEDIE v. and DEDEIGN v.2
Dedyn, obs. pl. of did, from Do z.
Dee (di), s4. Name of the letter D; applied to
a D-shaped iron or steel loop used for connecting
of harness, or for fastening articles to the
Fiddle. cL DL 2. )
W. Fi Carriages (1801) I. The Collar-
Ba, tt rin poe form as D, s th the front rin
oe ae ie conkers to loop through j Bre are ——
it some of a small size,
pote a plated. “70 Len yore ae, bg ig ha So (Bush 73
with strong
iron dees driven frealy i into Breda Mang 1884 W.WestAt
in Contemp. . July 69 The cheeks are furnished with
‘dees’ for holding bridle and curb chain, 1888 Erwortny |.
Somerset Gloss., Dee, an iron shaped like letter D. pe
aie chico ee
wit!
b. Comb. dee-lock (see quot.)
1888 E.wortuy W. Somerset Gloss., Dee-lock, a
common, cheap kind of padlock, used for ates, etc. It is
a simple piece of iron in the shape of letter D, having
a joint at one angle and a screw working in a short pipe at
the other.
Dee (dz), v. Pronunciation of d-—— , euphem-
istic for damn (see D I. 3); usually in pa. pple.
deed (also deedeed ) = d—— d, damned.
a 1845 Barnam J/ugol. Leg., The Poplar, We'll be Deed if
itisn'tanO! x EADE Love me little iii. 25 Your three
races are three deed fools. 1864 Lowett Fireside Trav.
- whose works were long ago dead and (I fear)
deedeed to boot.
Dee, d’ee, earlier way of writing d'ye = do ye?
do you?
1611 CuapMan May Day Plays 1873 LI. 344 And how dee
Sir? 16a5 Fretcner Fair Maid ui. oat De'e forsooth? 1632
Brome Northern Lasse 1. ii, Dee hear
Dee, var. of Dey ; ee aol f. Dre.
Deea-nettle: see DEA-NETTLE.
Deed (did). Forms: 1 W.Sax. déd, Anglian
déd; 2-3 ded, 2-5 ded, 2-6 dede, (3 dead, dade,
4-5 ‘dide, 4-6 dei e, 5 deyd(e), 5-7 deede, (6
deade), 5- deed. [OE. déd, déd = OF ris. déde,
OSax. déd (MDu. daet (dde), Du. daad), OHG.,
MHG. ¢ét (Ger. that, tat), ON. déd (Sw. ddd, Da.
daad), Goth. déds:—OTeut. *dédi-s:—*dhéti's, f.
verb root dhé:dhé, OTeut. d#:dé: see Dov. The
second d from original ¢, is in accordance with
Verner’s Law: cf. Dean.
The early ME, ag ry ——— acc. déde, déde.
The OE. pl. d#da, pealest ly became dede in 12-
13th c. But this was grat with the aap weeee , whence, for
distinction, new plu came into use after other OE.
ypes, viz. deden in the south, dedes in the midl. and north ;
ie former was still used ¢1 (Castel of Loue), but, as in
other words, the -s form (found ¢ 1200 in Orwendumand Trin,
Coll. Hom. ) eventually prevailed.}
1. That which is done, acted, or performed by
an intelligent or responsible agent ; an act.
c8as Vesp. Psalter \xiii. 10 [Ixiv.9] And ondreord
mon, & - werc goden, & dede
sa
hs
ae was al f
9 Hit is riht
/bid. 15 To
pao ie = e per mon Oe P' 1440
romp. i le, or e, factum. 1491 Act 7
US kd eee ward Ware
gre Se Sa oe fe Se eames of the salt ee
i? Ait Ae L. xt
ey un
256 pe = one act with many done Mayst
cover. = Sonor agente Friend ix. (1887) 37 What are
noble deeds noble truths realized? OWETT Plato
(ed. 2) V. 52 Their deeds did not agree words.
. An act of bravery, skill, etc. ; a feat; esp, in
deed ple arms, and the ike.
Syme data mn
1
i ac be cmt moche dede of armes. Barsou:
I, 262 Desiryng
of Armes. 1570 Sc. Satir. Poems Ri
Searrik Mesgail deidis dotie "s60d Dero
clxxvi, Thousands .. Whose deeds some nobler poem shall
adorn, 1869 Tennyson Coming of Arthur 46 And a
yet hed poe Pedy ere ghemsnns 1871
7 Deeds of such iter avouchet).
Jowett Plato Ed. )1 I. 609 Many great and wonder-
ful deeds are recorded of your State.
Tc. ‘Deeds of the Apostles: the Acts of the
Apostles. Obs.
¢1380 Wyciir Wes. (1880) 195 Peter saib in dedis of
DEED.
apostlis ». pat to him neiber was gold ne siluer.. 1382 —
Acts (title), Heere begynnen the Apostles Dedes. 1533 Gau
Richt Vay (1888) 37 In ye xx c. of the dedis of the Apostlis.
2. (without @ or £/.) Action generally ; doing,
performance. (Often contrasted with zword.)
cx000 Aitrric Gram. xix. (Z.) 122 Deponentia verba signi-
Jicant actunt pa alecgendlican word zetacnjad dede. c 1200
Trin. Coll. Hom. 187 Pe man pe nis stedefast ne on dade ne on
speche ne on bonke, 1297 R. Giouc, (1724) 501 Ower dede
ne may be no wors, than ower word is. @ 1300 Cz7sor Al.
3402 (Cott.) His suns dughti ware o dede. ¢ 1386 CHaucrr
Pars. T. ® 282 panne worl sle him with my hond in dede of
synne. c1460 Towneley ot x At the begynnyng of oure
dede Make we heuen & erth. ¢ 1500 Welusine 371 In som
cas the good wylle of a man is accepted for the dede. 1667
Mitton P. L.v. 549 To be both will and deed created
free. 1871 Ruskin Fors Clav, I. ii. 5 The strength of
Hercules is for deed not misdeed. :
b. collect. Doings; ado, to-do. dial.
I W. Marsuatt £. Yorks. Gloss., Deed, doings;
whent deed, great to-do, 1828 Craven Dial., Deed, doings.
*There’s sad deed, I’ll uphodto.’ 1855 Rosinson Whitby
Gloss., ‘Here’s bonny deed!’ great to do.. ‘Great deed
about nought’, large stir about trifles. 1867 WaucH Home
Life Factory Folk xvi. 145 (Lanc. Dial.) ‘Aw consider we’n
had as hard deed as anybody livin.’ :
+3. Thing to be done, work (in contemplation) ;
the task or duty of any time or person. Ods.
c 1325 Z. FE. Allit, P. C. 354 On to prenge per-pur3ze
[a city] watz pre dayes dede. ‘c 1400 Destr. Troy 274 Sone
he dressit to his dede no dyn made, And made vp
a mekyll ship. ¢ 1460 Towneley Myst. 57 Vo dykeand delf,
bere and draw, and to do all vnhonest deyde. “1580 Nortu
Plutarch (1676) 812 You shall..set the poor distressed City
of Syracusa again on foot, which is your deed. : ;
4, Law. An instrument in writing (which for this
purpose includes printing or other legible repre-
sentation of words on parchment or paper), pur-
porting to effect some legal disposition, and sealed
and delivered by the disposing peer or parties.
Signature to a deed is not generally required by English
law, but is practically universal; and in most jurisdictions
outside England where English law or legal forms prevail,
signature has been substituted for or made equivalent to
sealing. Delivery (q.v.) is now a moribund formality.
Contracts of most kinds, as well as dispositions of property
inter vivos, may be made by deed, aad in common practice
are often so made.
¢ 1300 R. Brunne Chyon, (1810) 69 Edward. .suore..to me
.:his heyre suld I be. Perof he mad me skrite..& for to
sikere his dede, set per to his seale. id. 259 Bituex him
pe was mad a priue dede .. Forto feffe him ageyn in pat
tenement. 1362 Lanct, P. PZ. A. 1. 81 In pe Date of be
deuel Deede was a-selet, Be siht of sir Symoni and
Notaries signes. 1435 Nottingham Rec. II. 358 For ye ex-
chaunge of Heyberd Stener be a ded undder ye seel of his
armes. CI Mar.oweE Faust. v. 35 And write a deed of
ift with thine own blood. 1596 Suaxs. Merch. V. ww. ii. 1
nquire the Iewes house out, giue him this deed, And let
him signe it. 1613 Bury Wilds (Camd. Soc.) 162 As I and
the said Edmond longe agoe did give vnto her by a jointe
deede of guift. ~~ Perxins Prof. Bk. ii. § 130. 58 A writing
cannot be a deed if it be not sealed. 1767 Biacksrone
Comm, Il. 295 A deed is a writing sealed and delivered by
the parties..it is called a deed..because it is the most
solemn and authentic act that a man can possibly perform,
with relation to the ao we of his property. 1844 WiLuiams
Real Prop. (1877) 148 The sealing and delivery of a deed
are termed the execution ofit. 1893 Sir J. W. Cuitty in Law
Times’ Rep. LXVIII. 430/1 The statute .. requires a deed
in cases where formerly a mere writing would have sufficed.
5. Phrases. +a. With the deed: in the act. Obs.
c1450 Erle Tolous 522 Of myrthe schalt thou not mys; Thou
schalt take us wyth the dede. 1470-85 Matory Arthur xx.
ii, And it be sothe as ye saye I wold he were taken with the
dede, 1585 T. Wasuincron tr. Nicholay's Voy. Turkie w.
xxxili. 156 The Adulterer being found with the deed.
b. Jn deed: in action, in actual practice.
¢ 1340 Cursor M. 13830 (Trin.) Pe lif pat he ledep in dede
Hit is ey 6 oure lede. ¢ 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 2138
Ariadne, And every poynt was performed in dede. cx
Gesta Rom. i. 2 (Harl. MS.), I am redy to fulfille alle in
dede bat pou wolt sey vnto me. 1553 T. Wrtson Rihct.
(rs80) 29, I trust that not onely all men will commende
justice in worde, but also will livejustly in deede. 1613 Sir
H. Fincu Law (1636) 202 Offering to beat one, though he
doe not beat one in deed, 1862 Stantey Yew. Ch. (1877) I.
vii. 130 Graven images. -Set up in deed or in word.
c. Ln deed, in very deed, + of very deed (Sc.) :
in fact, in effect, in reality, in truth ; hence INDEED.
c 1386 Cuaucer Pro. 659 But wel I woot he lyed right in
dede. 1535 CoverpaLe 2 Chron, vi. 18 For thinkest thou
that God in very dede dwelleth amonge men vpon earth?
1549 Compl. Scot. xv. 123 Thai ar my mortal enemes of
verray deid. 1581 W. Furke in Confer. m1. (1584) Siij, They
eate not the body of Christ in deede. 1615 BEDWELL Mohami,
Jp. ut. § 97 They are in very deed holy bookes: 1862 Lp.
Broucuam Brit. Const. App. iii. 458 Making all principles
be treated in very deed as the counters wherewith the game
of faction was to be played. 1862 Stantey Yew. Ch. (1877)
I. xiv. 273 The chiefs became the chiefs in deed as well as
in name,
6. Comb., as + deed-doer, +-doing; deed-achiev-
ing, -worthy adjs.; deed-box, a box, usually of
tin-plate, for keeping deeds or other documents in ;
deed-offering, Coverdale’s word in some instances
for the ‘ peace-offering’ of the 1611 version. Also
DrEp-BotE, DrED POLL,
1607 Suaks. Cor. . i. 190 By *deed-atchieuing Honor
newly nam'd. 1835 Marryat Jac. Faithf, xxxi, Taking
with him the tin-box (it was what they called a *deed-box',
1858 Lp. St. Leonarps Handy Bk, Prop, Law xiv. 85 It
is advisable to keep your own securities in your own deed-
box at home. r, ALL Chron. 20 b, Thei would be lokers
on and no “dede doers. 1663 Spatpinc 7roub. Chas. J
117
(1792) I. 272 (Jam.) But the deed doer was fled. c 1380
Wieus Wks. (1880) 70 Pe *dede doynge is proff of loue, as
gregory seip. 1586'l. B. La Primaud. hr. Acad. 430 One
of his horse-keepers..taking him at the deed doing. .be-
stowed so many blowes on him. .that he left him half dead.
1535 CovERDALE 2 Sas. vi. 17 And Dauid offred burnt offer-
ynges and *deed offerynges before ye Lorde. 1865 J. Grore
Treat, Moral Ideas viii, (1876) 103 *Deedworthy conduct,
or the faciendum.
Deed (did), v. Us. [f. Deep sb.J
convey or transfer by deed. Also fig.
1816 J. Pickerinc Vocabulary 76 Vo deed..We sometimes
hear this word used colloquially; but rarely, except by
illiterate people .. None of our writers would employ it.
1828 Wesster Deed, to convey or transfer by deed;
a popular use of the word in America ; as, he deeded all his
estate to his eldest son, 1865 Jorn. Star Sept., A..complete
farm. .in Connecticut has been deeded over to his wife. 1890
Century Mag. Jan. 475/1 The act of 1864, deeding to that
state the Yosemite Valley and the Mariposa Big Tree Grove.
Deed, adv. In 6 dede. Aphetic form of “deed,
INDEED; now chiefly Sc.
1547 CoverDALE Old Faith Prol. A vij a, Let vs be true
scolers of the same; and dede, let vs euen entre in to the
natureand kynde therof. 1816 Scotr Antzig. xxxvi,‘’Deed,
sir, they hae various opinions.’ 1848 THAcKERAY Van. Fair
235 ‘’Deed and she will’, said O'Dowd. 1868 Ramsay
Renmin, 183 ‘Deed’, said thelaird..‘ 1 wad ha’ wondered if
ye had.’
Deed, -e, obs. forms of DEAD.
trans. To
+ Dee'dbote. O%s. Also dedbote, dead-,
dedbote. [OE. ded deed + ddt, Boor 56.1 10,
amends, expiation.] Amends-deed, penance, re-
pentance.
¢ 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. iii. 2 Dod ded bote. c 1160
Hatton G. ibid., Dod deadbote. ¢1175 Lamb. Hon. 21 Mid
sodde dedbote his sunne bi reowsumnesse. _c 1200 OrMIN
9191 Sannt Johan..bigann to spellenn pa Wibp fulluht off
dedbote. a@ 1225 Ancr. R. 372 Bireousunge and dedbote
uor sunne. 1340 Ayend. 33 Amendinge and dedbote. 13..
Verses Palm-Sunday in Rel. Antiq. 11. 243 Wyth sorwthe
of aa and schryft of mouthe, Doth deedbote this tyme
nouth.
+ Dee'ded, 2. Ods. [f. Drrp sd. + -rp%.
Characterized by deeds (of such a kind).
1606 Warner 4/d. Eng. 377 Well educated of the king, and
proving nobly deeded.
Deedeed : sce DEE v.
Deedful (dz-dfil), a. [f. Duep sé. + -ruL.] Full
of deeds, active, effective.
1834 Blackw. Mag. XX XV. 150 He isa trusty and deedful
friend to that bold. .insurgent. 1842'l'ENNYSON 7o—,A deed-
ful life. 1879 J. TopnuntEr Adcestis 3 That fair past,
Bright with our deedful days, is all our own.
Hence Dee'dfully adv., actively, effectively.
1615 T, ApAms Lycanthropy 9 It is not yet enough to go
speedfully and heedfully except also deedfully.
Deedily (drdili), adv. dial. [f. Derpy+-Ly 2.]
Actively, busily.
1813 Jane Austen Lett. II. 173 They are each [busy]
about a rabbit net, and sit as deedily to it, side by side, as
any two Uncle Franks could do. 1815 — Emma (1870)
II. x. 204 Frank Churchill. .most deedily occupied about her
spectacles. 1859 Burton in Jnl. Geog. Soc. XXIX. 241
They row in ‘spirts’, applying deedily to their paddling.
+ Deerding, v6/. sb. Obs. rare—1. [f. DEED sd.
+-1NG1,] Actual doing, carrying out in deed.
1606 Warner Add, Eng. xvi. ciii. 407 And in the Deeding
none more tough.
++ Deerdle. Odés. or dial. An alteration of devil.
1653 Urqunart Radelaist. xii, What a deedle [guediantre],
you are it seems but bad horsemen.
Deedless, 2. Without action or deeds,
1598 Row.anps Betray. Christ 28 Thy deedlesse words,
words ynconfirmed by truth. @ 1625 FLetcuer Bloody Bro.
1v. iii, Th’ undaunted power of Princes should not be Con-
fin’d in deedless cold calamity. 1 Biackxie Zo Mr.
Gladstone in Pall Mall G. Mar., And to dull length of
deedless days retire.
b. Of persons: Performing no deeds, doing
nothing, inactive ; also dzal., incapable, helpless.
1606 Suaks. Tr. § Cr. wv. v. 98 Firme of word, Speaking
in deedes, and deedelesse in his tongue. 1621 G. SANDYS
Ovid's Met. vit. (1626) 140 The generous Horse..Grones at
his manger, and there deedlesse dyes. 1718 Pore //iad v.
796 What art thou,who, deedless, look’st around? 1855 Roin-
son Whitby Gloss., Deedless, helpless, indolent. ‘ A deedless
sort of a body.’ 1870 Morris Larthly Par. I. 11. 503 As
deedless men they there must sit.
Deed poll, deed-pol]. Also 6 poll deed.
[See Potu.] Law. A deed made and executed by
one party only; so called because the paper or
parchment is ‘ polled’ or cut even, not indented.
[1523 Fitzuers. Surv, 20 Estates made of free lande by
polle dede or dede indented.] 1588 FrauNcE Lawiers Log.
U, iii, 89 b, The nature of a deede indented and a deede
polle. 1628 Coxe On Litt. 229 A Deed poll is that which
is plaine without any indenting, so called, because it is cut
euen, or polled. 1767 Brackstone Comm. Il. 296. 1818
Cruise Digest (ed. 2) IV. 357 George Everinden by deed-
poll..did give, grant, and confirm, to his two daughters, all
the rents and profits of two tenements, 1847 C. G. AppisoNn
Law of Contracts 1. i, § 1 (1883) 22 Deed poll.
Deeds, dial. form of deads (see Duan a. B. 4),
waste material from an excavation.
1802 C. Fintater Agric. Surv. Peebles 131 (Jam.) What is
taken out of the ditch (vernacularly the deeds) [to be] thrown
behind this facing to support it. 1825 Brocketr 1. C.
Words, Deeds, rubbish of quarries or drains.
Deed-sicke, -sleyer: see Deap a. D. 2.
De-educate: see Dz- II. 1.
|
DEEM.
Deedy (didi), a. dial. [f. Deep sb. + -x1:
found first in the combination ILt-DEEDY.]
1. Full of deeds or activity; active.
[c 1460 Towneley Myst. 320 Riche and ille-dedy, Gederand
and gredy. 1535 Lynprsay Satyre 4028 Luke quhat it is to
be evil-deidie.] 1615 T. Apams Lycanthropy 7 In a mes-
senger..is required..that he be speedy, that he be heedy,
and that he be deedy. 1623 BincHam Xenophon 72 The
horse of that Country are..more deedy, and full of metall.
1721 Cisser Double Gallant u1. i, If she is not a Deedy
Tit at the Bottom, I’m no Jockey. 1787 Grose Provinc.
Gloss., Deedy, industrious, notable. Berksh. 1876 J. Evuis
Cesar in Egypt 135 A deedy conclave were we. 1883 G.
Macpvonatp Castle Warlock I. xvii. 263 Grizzie was live as
the new day, bustling and deedy. [Also in Glossaries of
Mid-Yorks., Whitby, Berks., Hampshire, etc.)
+2. Actual, real. Ods. rare.
1781 Cowper Let. to Newton 18 Mar., There are soldiers
quartered at Newport and at Olney. These .. performed
all the manceuvres of a deedy battle, and the result was
that this town was taken. 1788 — Let. to Lady Hesketh
27 June, Retirement indeed, or..what we call deedy retire-
ment.
Deef(f, deefe, obs. forms of Drar.
+ Deeful, defull, var. of, or error for de/ful,
DOoLEFUL.
61380 S7r Ferm. 4208 ‘ Alas !’ said he..‘pis is a deeful
byng!’ c1460 Emare 606 Sertes this ys a fowle case, And
a defull dede.
Deeken, obs. form of DEAcon.
Deel(e, obs. ff. Dean, Dein (Devin), Doe.
De-electrify, de-electricize: see Du- II. 1.
Deem (dim), v. Forms: 1 déman, 1-2 déman,
2-4 demen, 2~7 deme, (3-6 deame, 4-5 dem,
deyme, 5 dyme, 6 Sc. deim, 7 dim), 4-7 deeme,
5-deem, /Pa.¢.and fa. pple. deemed: 1 démde,
démed, 3-7 dempt. [A Common Teut. derivative
vb.; OE. déman, déman = OFris. déma, OS.
a-dimian (Du. doemen), OHG. tuomian, tuomen
(MHG, tiiemen), ON. déma (dema), (Sw. dima,
Da. domme), Goth. démjan:—OTeut. *démjan, f.
dimo-z, Goth. dém-s, judgement, Doom. Cf.
Deme sd., Doom v.]
+1. zutr. To give or pronounce judgement ; to
act as judge, sit in judgement ; to give one’s deci-
sion, sentence, or opinion ; to arbitrate. Ods.
In OE. construed with a dative of the person, ‘to pro-
nounce judgement to, act as judge to’, equivalent to the
trans. sense 1n 2. ,
¢ 825 | esp. Psalter ii. 10 Alle 6a Se doemad eordan. 97
Blickl. Hom. 11 He cymep to demenne ewicum & deadum.
¢ 1000 Aes. Gosp. Matt. vii. 2 Witodlice 6am ylcan dome be
ze demad, eow byd zedemed. — John viii. 15 Ge demad
zfter flasce, ic ne deme nanum men [c 1160 //atlox G.,
Ich ne deme nane men]. @ 1300 Cursor A/.17415 (Cott.), If
yee pan rightwisli wil deme, Yeild vs ioseph bat yee suld
yeme, 1393 Gower Conf. I. 304 They..toke a juge ther-
upon..And bede him demen in this cas. c 1440 CapGRave Sé.
Kath. in. 1464 She .. Spak and commaunded, bothe dempte
and wrot. 1§56in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 262 To
arbytrate, deme, and judge betwixt the said Citie and..
John Wayte. 1579 Spenser Sheph. Cal, Aug. 137 Neuer
dempt more right of beautye I weene The shepheard of Ida
that iudged beauties Queene.
+ 2. crans. To judge, sit in judgement on (a per-
son or cause). Ods.
The construction with a personal object takes, in Northum-
brian and ME., the place of the OE. const. with dative in 1.
¢ 950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. vii.2 In dam dome zie doemes
ze Bion gedoemed [Rushw. G2. ze beob doemde}. — John
viii. 15 Ic ne doemo znigne monno. c 1200 7rin. Coll.
Hom, 171 Ure drihten cumed al middeneard to demen.
Lbid. 225 Pat sal deme pe quica and be deade. a 1300
Cursor M. 21965 (Cott.), In pe first he com dempt to be.
1382 Wyciir Yohx xvi. 11 The prince of this world is now
demyd. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 59/2 Moyses satte &
juged & demed the peple fro moryng vnto euenyng. 1596
SPENSER /. Q. Iv. iii. 4 At th’ one side sixe iudges were dis-
pos'd, To view and deeme the deedes of armes that day.
1605 Heywoop 1st Pt. /f you know not me Wks. 1874 1.
203 Deeme her offences, if she haue offended, With all the
lenity a sister can. 1609 Skene Neg. May. 111 Thou Judge
be ware, for as ye deme, ze sall be demed.
+b. To rule (a people) as a judge. Ods.
@ 1300 Cursor M. 7283 (Cott.), Fourti yeir dempt he israel.
c 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 280 Edward now he wille,
pat Scotlond be wele 3emed, And streitly in skille porgh
wise men demed.
ce. To administer (law). arch.
1393 Lanav. P. PZ. C. v. 175 By leel men and lyf-holy my
lawe shal be demyd. 1718 Br. Witson in Keble Zi/e xii.
(1863) 397 That .. the 24 Keys may be called, according to
the statute and constant practice to deem the law truly.
1887 Hatt Caine Deemster viii. 54 The Deemster was
a hard judge, and deemed the laws in rigour.
+d. To decide (a quarrel). Ods.
1494 Fasyan Chron. v. cxxv. 105 To suffre his quarell to
be demyd by dynt of swerde atwene them two.
+3. To sentence, doom, condemn (¢o some
penalty, ¢o do or suffer something). Ods.
ax000 Elene 500 (Gr.) Swa he..to cwale monize Cristes
folces demde, to deabe. ¢ 1175 Lamb. Hom. 73 He wurd
idemed to polien wawe mid dovelen in helle. c 1200 7 yin.
Coll. Hont. 223 Pe sulle ben to deade idemd. a 1300 Cursor
M. 15343 To-morn dai sal i be dempt On rode tre to hang.
cy Gasccen Sompn. T, 316 For which 1 deme the to
deth certayn. 1426 AupELay Poems 12 Leve he is a lyere,
his dedis thai done hym deme. 1529 Rastett Pastyme .
(1811) 243 For whiche rebellyon they were there demyd to
dethe. 1602 in J. Mill Diary (1889) 180 John Sinclair. .
is dempt to quyt his guddis, =
DEEM.
+b. fig. To pass (adverse) judgement upon; to
condemn, censure, Ods. =
men dedis oft i
ay Cursor M. 28148 (Cott.
~ ag 1488 Caxton Chast. he can 2x Many
UNBAR Poents
thynges they deme and blame. 1500-20
xviii. 36 Wist thir folkis that vthir demis, How that thair _
sawis tovthir semis. 1555-86 Satir. Poems Reform. xxxvii.
B Do quhat 3e dow, detractouris ay will deme 30u. 1598
. Fercusson Scot. Prov., Dame, deem warily ; ye watna
wha wytes yersell. o c
+4. To decree, ordain, appoint ; to decide; deter-
mine ; to adjudicate or award (a thing /o a person),
tr. Beda’s Hist. w. xxix. [xxviii.] (1891) 368 Ne wes
wedre sona his halgunge zedemed. a 1000 Exeter Bh.
Vii. 16 Nafre God demed pat zniz eft bas earm 3 .
¢ 1175 Lamb. Hom. 95 He demad stidne dom pam forsune-
3ede. c 1205 Lay. 460 He habbed idemed Pat ich am duc
ofer heom. /did. 22116 He hzhte alle cnihtes d rihte
118
¢ 1384 Cuaucer H. Fame n1. 88 Thow demest of thy selfe
amys. c1400 Rom. Rose 2198 Of hem noon other deme
Ican. c1440 Generydes 4710 Wele I wote in hym ye demyd
amys. 1581 Sipney 4, Poetrie (Arb.) 24 Let vs see how
the Greekes named it [ yairy ead haves Say deemed <f 5.
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 146, I l..give you
so good occasion to deeme well of me. 1667 Mitton ?. L.
vill. 599 Though higher of the genial Bed by far, And
with mysterious reverence I deem. 1762 Biackstone in
Gutch Cold. Cur. 11. 362 These capital | ‘d
the Editor. .to deem with less reverence of this Roll. 1814
Scorr Wav. \xi, Where the ties of affection were highly
deemed of. 1860 J. P. Kennevy Horse Shoe R. ix. 105,
I cannot deem otherwise of them. |
+ 8. To think 40 do something, to expect, hope.
cx400 Afol. Loll. 51 Symon Magus .. was reprouid of
Petre, for he demid to possede pe 3eft of God bi money.
1819 Byron Fuan u. clxxii, A creature meant To be her
happi and whom she deem’d To render happy.
domes. a 1300 Cursor M. 21445 (Cott.) Pe quen has biden
us to deme To pe al pat to right es queme. ¢ 1386 CHaucer
Doctor's T. 199, 1 deme anoon this clerk his seruaunt haue.
1399 Rolls o Parit, IIl. 452/1 The Lordes..deme and
ajuggen and decreen, that [etc.]. c 1400 Destr. Troy 606
Whateuer ye deme me to do. 1464 Paston Lett. No. 493 II.
166 Fynes therefore dempt or to be dempt. 1483 CaxTon
Gola. Leg. 72/2 In demyng of rightful domes. 1
19 Hen,
deyned demed & declared .. that [etc.].
Chron, 11. 13 The Epistle, in the which Grego
that the Church of Yorke and of London should be even
Peres. «@ 1605 Montcomerie Flyting 373 Syne duelie they
deemde, what death it sould die.
+b. To decide (¢o do something). Obs.
1568 GRAFTON
-4 Act |
T/, c. 38 Preamb., It was enacted stablisshed or- |
c 1340 Gaw. § Gr. Kut, 1089 3e han demed to do be dede |
pat I bidde.
+ 5. To form or express a judgement or estimate
on; to judge, judge of, estimate. Ods.
a 1225 Ancr. R. 290 Euer bihold hire wurd pet he paide
uor hire, and dem perefter pris. ¢ 1325 E. E. Addit. P. (A.)
312 To leue no tale be true to try3e, Bot pat hys one skyl
may dem. 1388 Wycur Matt. xvi. 4 Thanne 3e kunne
deme the face of heuene, but 3e moun not wite the tokenes
of tymes. c 1400 Nom. Rose 2200 A cherle is demed by his
dede. 1533 Extyor Cast. Helthe Proem (1541) A iv b,
I desyre men to deme well myne intente. 1596 SPENSER
hea Love 168 Things hard gotten men more dearely
eeme.
+b. To judge between (things), to distinguish,
discern. Oés.
1530 Parser. 511/1 A blynde man can nat deme no coulours.
1581 Ricn Farewell (1846) 67 He is not able to deeme
white from blacke, good from badde, vertue from vice.
1596 Spenser /’. Q. v. i. 8 Thus she him taught In all the
skill of deeming wrong and right.
+e. intr. To judge of, to distinguish Je/qweer.
1340 Ayend, 82 Pet hi ne reer ines pane day uram pe
ny3t, ne deme betuene grat and smal. a154z Wyat Of
Courtiers Life 94 Nor Flaunders chere lettes not my syght
to deme Of blacke and white. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary
1. (1625) 27 Here, by judging of our estate, thou maist
accordingly deeme of our pleasures. b/d. 1. 111 Convers-
ing among such as have discretion to deeme of a Gentleman.
6. To form the opinion, to be of opinion; to judge,
conclude, think, consider, hold. (The ordinary
current sense.)
a. intr. or absol. (Now chiefly parenthetical.)
a 800 Corpus Gloss. 440 Censeo,doema. cc goo tr. Beda's
Hist.1. xvi. [xxvii.] (1890) 86 be ic demo [ut arbitror).
c1000 Aitrric Gram. xxvi. (Z.) 155 Censeo ic deme ic
asmeage. c 1385 CHAuceR L. G. W. 1244 (Dido) And demede
as hem liste. c ae — Clerk's T. 932 For sche is fairer, as
thay demen alle, Than is Grisild. “a 1400 Relig. Pieces /r.
Thornton MS. (1867) 20 To fele and with resone to deme.
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 15 He is not. -here in
the countrey, but as I deeme and you have enformed, about
London. 1725 Pore Odyss. 111.61 He too, I deem, implores
the power divine.
b. with 047. and complement (sb., adj. or Pple., or
infin. phrase ; + formerly often with for, as).
c¢x205 Lay. 22140 re king demde for-lore. a@ 1225
Ancr. R. 120 Pet tu schalt demen pi suluen wod. a 1300
Cursor M, 26814 (Cott.) It mai nan him for buxum deme.
1340-70 Alex. $ Dind. 218 Oure doctourus dere, demed for
wise. ¢c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg, 102, 1 demede him for
deed, ¢ 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 5163 Pai demed it
better all’ to dye. x Haut Chron. eis What so ever
jeoperdy or perill might bee construed or demed, to have
insued. 1582 Petrie Guaszo's Civ. Conv. 1. dr 586) 35
A vertue which ier deeme yourselfe to have. 1628 Dicsy
hed Medit. 51, 1 deemed it much my best and shortest way.
1681 P. Rycaut Critick 201 He went to the House of the
World, which was always deemed for a Deceiver. 1697
Dryven Virg. Past. 1.9 For never can 1 deem him less
than God. 1754 Suespeare Matrimony (1766) I. 45
Deemed as very unjust in Gaming, 1827 Jarman Powell's
Devises 11, 293 A general permission el to have
been deemed sufficient. 1852 Miss Yonce Cameos I. xxxii.
277 Harold. .deemed it time to ri these inroads, 1875
Jowrtr Plato (ed, 2) V. 398 Works.. which have been
deemed to fulfil their design fairly.
c. with ¢hat and clause.
¢ 1205 Lay. 24250 Men gunnen demen pat nes i nane londe
burh nan swa hende, _¢1386 Cuaucer Man of Law's 7,
940, I ought to deme. . That in the salte see my wyf is deed.
©1430 Lypc. Bochas 1. ii. (1544) 5a, Nembroth, . Dempt.. He
transcended al other of noblesse. ¢ 1450 Merlin 10 She demed
that it was the enmy that so hadde hir begiled. 1397 Hooker
Eccl. Pol. v. i. (1611) 184 Wee ma: boldly deeme there is
neither, w h are not. 1739 Metmotn /itsosb. Lett.
(7763) 291 Nor dempt he, ae wight, no mortal may The
blinded god..when he list, foresay. 1887 Bowen Virgil
anit 1, 371 (1889) 126 Deeming we come with forces
i
ww
7. intr, To judge or think (in a specified way) of
@ person or thing.
| announce, declare; to tell, say, utter.
+9. trans. To think of (something) as existent ;
to guess, suspect, surmise, imagine, Ods.
c1400 Destr. Troy 528 Ne deme no dishonesty in your
derfe hert, Pof I put me pus pertly my purpos to shewe.
1470-85 Matory Arthur x. xxvi, As Kynge mark redde
these letters, he demed treson by syr Tristram. 1586 A.
Day Eng. Secretary \. (1625) 114 Your imaginations doe
already deeme the matter I must utter. 1 Parismus
1. (1661) 15 All the companie began to deeme that which
_.demed | afterward proued true.
b. zutr. To think of, have a thought or idea of.
1814 Cary Dante (Chandos) 302 The shining of a flambeau
at his back Lit sudden ere he deem of its approach, 1818
Byron Ch. Har. iv. cxxxvii, Something unearthly which
they deem not of.
+ 10. trans. To pronounce, proclaim, celebrate,
Also intr.
with of. {An exclusively poetic sense, found already
in OE., probably derived from sense 4. Cf. also
ON. deéma in poetry, to talk.]
arooo Fat. Apost. (Gr.) 10 Per hie dryhtnes 2 deman
sceoldon, reccan fore rincum. a@z1000 Guthlac (Gr.) 498
Pat we xfastra dade demen, secgen dryhtne lof ealra bara
bisena. c¢ 1205 Lay. 23059 A‘lles ne cunne we demen [c 1275
telle) of Ardures deden. c1zas E. E. Addit. P. C. 119
Dyngne Dauid..pat demed pis speche, In a psalme. ©1330
R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 154 Alle per lymmes, how
pai besemed, In his buke has Dares demed, Both of Troie
& of Grece.
dizt, to deme be sobe. a 1400-50
dryfes to pe duke, as demys [Duédd. A178. tellys] textis.
1547 Surrey Aeneid u. 156 Then some gan deme to me
‘The cruell wrek of him that framde the craft [crudele cane-
bant artificis scelus).
+b. with double obj. To celebrate as, style, call,
name. poetic. Obs.
cgag FE. E. Adit. P. B.
is demed euer more. /éid, 1611 Baltazar. .Pat now is demed
Danyel of derne coninges.
+ Deem (dim), s+. Ods. [f. DEEM v.] Judge-
ment, opinion, thought, surmise.
1gor Douctas Pad. on. 1986 And he quhylum was borne
pure of his deme. 1606 Suaks. 77. & Cr. 1v. iv. 61 How
now? what wicked deeme is this? 1629 Gave //oly
Madn. 163 Honour what is it; but an imposed..Hight,
and Deeme? 1648 Symmons lind. Chas. J, 292 Much wrong
should they have in the world’s deem.
Deeme, obs. form of Dime,
Deemed (dimd), A//. a.
Judged, thought, supposed.
1667 H. More Divine Dial. n. xxviii. 346 Then with pure
Eyes thou shalt behold..That deemed mischiefs are no
harms. 1671 Mitton P. &.1. 21 And with them came From
Nazareth the son of Joseph deemed.
Deemer (di‘ma1). Forms: 1 domere, 1-5
démere, 3 demare, 3-5 demer, 5-6 demar, 5-
deemer. [OE. damere, f. déman to DEEM; see
-ER1,] One who deems.
+1. A judge. Ods.
c Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xii. 27 Da doemeras [indices]
bidon iuera. ar2z2zg Ancr. R. 306 Let skile sitten ase
demare upon be dom stol. 1 Wycur Ps. vii. 12 God
rijztwis demere [1388 just iuge]. cx440 York Myst. xxiii.
142 So schall bothe heuen & helle Be demers of pis dede.
¢ 1440 Promp. Parv, 118 Demar (P. or domes man), judica-
tor. cxg80 C'ress Pemproxe Ps. cxix. V ii, Then be my
causes deemer. ‘
2. One who deems, judges, or opines; + one who
censures or (unfavourably) criticizes others.
c1410 Love Bonavent. Mirr, xv. 37 (Gibbs MS.) Pat powe
be not a uumptuouse and temerarye deemer of men.
1500-20 Iunsar Poems xviii. 42 To wirk vengeance on ane
demar. 1§§7 Sir J. Cuexe in T. Hoby tr. Castigdione’s
Courtyer (1561 fin., Counted rae a deemer of
thinges. 16r0 Barroucn Afeth. Physick Ep, Ded. (1639) 2
Plato that most grave and wise deemer of the state —
cal, 1854 Trencu Synon. N. 7. xi. 44 Our profound English
proverb, ‘ Ill doers are ill deemers’,
+b. One that distinguishes or discriminates. Ods,
c 1400 L 's Cirurg.29 Ne be skyn of be fyngris endis
..ne schulde nou3t be a good demere in a?
cold [etc.]. 1548-77 Vicary Anat. ii. (1888) 23 The Skinne
+ is P b he should be a good deemer
of heate from colde,
Deeming (d7miy), vd/. sd. [-1nG},]
+1. Judging, judgement. Oés.
+303 . Brunne Handi. Synne 1495 3yf he —
fully At hys demyng getyphemercy, c 1440 Prom,
%,
[f. Deem v. + -ED.]
ty-
aru.
or udicium.
is wise shalle crist.. the day of his demyng.
©1350 IVill. Palerne 151 Hire deth was neiz |
Alexander he Panhe |
1020 Forpy be derk dede see hit
form’ deemster is that proper to the Manx judges,
and has been used in the general sense as a histo-
rical archaism by some modern writers.]
1. A judge. Oés. or arch, in general sense.
[a1300 Cursor M. 5585 (Fairf.) Prest & demestre [v. 77”.
demister, demmepster, domes man] forsothe say I.—For other
examples see Dempster.) 1748 Ricuarpson Clarissa (1811)
VI. xlix. 206 The deemster, or judge, delivers to the woman
a rope, a sword, andaring. 1820 Edin. Rev. XXXIV. 192
King Sigurd .. craved that the d should p
sentence of outlawry. 1857 Six F. Parcrave Norm. §
Eng. 11. 258 The decree was the Deemster's ‘ Breastlaw’.
2. The title of each of the two justices of the Isle
of Man, one of whom has jurisdiction over the
southern, the other over the northern division of
the island.
1611 SreeD Theat. Gt. Brit. x\vi. (1614) 91/1 All con-
troversies are there [Man Iland] determined by certaine
judges. .and them they call Deemsters and chuse forth among
themselves. 1656 J. Cuatoner Descr. I. of Man in Dr.
King Vale Royail iv. 30 There are four Merchants. .chosen
..and sworn by the Deemsters. _ Kesie Life .
Wilson v. 163 The steward was assisted in these trials
one or both of the Deemsters. 1883 Birm. Weekly Post
15 Dec. 3/: His honour Richard Sherwood, her Majesty's
Northern Tosmuter, or second judge of the island. Denese
ter Sherwood was appointed one of the judges of the island
in March last.
Deen(e, obs. forms of Dean!, Din.
Dee-nettle: see DEA-NETTLE.
Deep (dip), a Forms: 1 diop, déop, 2-3
| deop, 2-5 dep, (3 dop, deap, dup, 4 dipe, dupe,
| duppe, (Ayend.) dyep), depe, (5 deype, 5-6
| Sc. deip, 6 deape, diep(e), 5~7 deepe, 4— deep.
Compar. deeper; in 1 déopre, 4 deppere, 4-6
depper. Suferl. deepest; in 1 déopost, 4 dep-
perste, 4-5 deppest(e, 5 deppist, dyppest. [A
Com, Teut. adj.; OE. ot déop = OF ris. diop, diap,
diep, OS. diop, diap (MDu., Du., LG. diep), OHG.
| tiof (MHG., mod.Ger. tief), ON, djupr (Sw. djup,
Da. dyb), Goth. diups:—OTeut. *deupo-s, -d, -o,
belonging to an ablaut series deup-, daup-, dup-,
whence OE. dyppan (:—dupjan) to Dir ; pre-Teut.
root dhub:dhup. The regular early ME. form was
dép; the forms dife, diip, diipe, dyep, co d
to an OE. by-form diefe, dype, with ablaut ; perh.
taken from déepe, dype, Dexr sb.]
I. Literal senses.
1. Having great or considerable extension down-
ward,
854 Chart. in Cod. Dipl. V. 111 Of lusan porne to deopan
delle, cxrooo Ags. Gosf. be iv. 18 oy pytt is deop.
¢ 1205 Lay. 647 He lette makien enne dic pe wes wnderliche
deop [e rm ¢ swipe deap]. 1497 R. Grouc. (1724) 6 Grante-
brugge and Hontyndone [have] mest plente of dup fen.
¢1300 St. Brandan 574 Ich caste him in a dupe dich. 33. .
Poems fr. Vernon MS. 578 Schip is more siker in luitel
water Pen in pe deope see. 1340 A yend, 264 Helle is. .dyep
wyp-oute botme. ¢ Avow, Arth. xvii, Ina
c14g0 St. Cuthbert ‘s rtees) 1679 Twa bestes come fra
depe se. 1559 W. CUNNINGHAM co Glasse a4
reate deepe valleis, 1594 Suaxs. Kick. ///, 1. i. 4 In the
Teepe poowe of ——— buried. i Lirucow 7rav.
2 buried in deep graves. 1774
Gonnets, ‘Nat. Hist, por Pe Boles, fr) ta as not to
be fathomed, 1819 Suetvey “vagy, Serpent 4 Through
the deep grass of the meadow. 1860 Tynpatt Glaciers 1.
vii. 55 [Che stream] had cut a deep gorge in the clean ice.
b. Having great or considerable extension inward
from the s\ or exterior, or backward from the
front.
axo0o Riddles Wii. 4 (Gr.) Headoglemma feng, deopra
dolga. ¢xago Pol. Rel. & L. Poems 3060) ses is wund
dop ant wide, 3300 Cursor M. 12923 (Cott.) He .. yode
in-to depe ¢€ Destr. Troy 1876 Lt woundes
151 uGLAS Aineis vu. vili. 2 Mony
wild beistis den and deip caverne. 1662 J. Davies tr.
Olearius’ Voy. Ambass, 88 She me a Handker-
cher.. with a deep frindge. Hooke Microgr. 181
A Convex-glass. zg ane Mech. Exerc. 127 Make
bgt Fy fo
| Wraxatt Jour 3 Very
» a twenty Raulich roles ta ngth.
Summer & Winter 12 When birds die In the deep forests.
1842 Tennyson Morte D'Arthur 5 His was deep.
. Having a (specified) dimension downward.
a word
The depth is sometimes indicated by
knee-dech.
imon’s Gen. 1 (Ge) *Finena stod deop ofer
giving the equivalent of a measu
@ 1000 C,
‘DEEP.
might cover the Earth in
Scotr Woodst, xxviii,
.. almost ancle-deep in dew. 1832 Examiner
44/2 The ditch.. was eight feet deep. 1875 F. Hatt in
Fin tara | Mag, XVI. 750/2 The mud was everywhere
ankle-deep. . . 2 5 .
b, Having a (specified) dimension inward from
the surface, outer part, or front ; spec. (with simple
numeral prefixed) of persons, chiefly soldiers,
having (so many) ranks standing one behind an-
other.
1646 H. Lawrence Comm. Angells 63 The A gto is but
skin deepe. 1698 Fryer Acc. E./ndia 107 The first File. .
was as deep as the Street would admit. 1703 Moxon Mech,
Exerc, 127 The Front-Room is 25 Foot, and the Back-
Room t5 Foot deep. 1780 Lancron in Boswell Yohnson
(1848) 646/2 The company began to collect round him..
four, if not five deep, 1835 Burnes Trav. Bokhara (ed. 2)
I. 133 Five regiments. .drawn up in line, three deep. 1838
Turriwat Greece III. xxiii. 280 The Thebans. .stood five-
and-twenty deep. : ;
3. Placed or situated far (or a specified distance)
down or beneath the surface; of a ship, low in the
water. b. Far in from the margin, far back.
¢1000 Ags. Ps, cxiv, 8 Pu mine sawle .. ofer deopum deabe
gelaeddest. a 1340 Hamroie Psalter ix. 8 pai pat has synned
mare sall be deppest in hell. c1q00 Maunpbev. (1839) xxiv.
255 This Lond of Cathay is in Asye the depe. 1641 Br. or
Lincotn in Cobbett Parl. Hist. 1807 I1. 798 Yet shall you
find St, Paul ..intermeddle, knuckle deep, with Secular
Affairs, 1669 Srurmy Mariner's Mag.1. ii. 19 It is a hot
Ship, but deep and foul .. a Prize worth fighting for. 1697
Drypen Virg. Georg, 11. 548 The frozen Earth lyes buried
there .. seven Cubits deep in Snow. 1720 De For Caf/,
Singleton xiv. (1840) 246 We were now a very deep ship,
having near two hundred tons of goods on board. 1842 FE.
Witson Anat. Vade M. 334 The deep veins are situated
among the deeper structures of the body. 1885 Gen. Grant
Personal Mem. \. xxi. 297 A portion of the ground .. was
two feet deep in water. ‘
4. Of physical actions; Extending to or coming
from a depth ; also ¢vansf. of agents.
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 437 b/t He maketh a depe encly-
nacion. 1589 R. Harvey P/. Perc. 15 To be compted high
fliers and deepe swimmers. 1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biond?’s
Eromena 106 Fetching a deepe sigh. 1712 AppIson Sfect.
No. 159 P8, [here fetched a deep sigh. 1784 Cowrer Zask
v. 64 Fearful of too deep a plunge. 1866 HuxLey Physiol,
iv. (1869) 102 In taking a deep inspiration. ;
+5. Of —— or roads ; Covered with a depth of
mud, sand, or loose soil. Ods.
cr Cuaucer Friar’s T, 243 Deep was the way, for
which the carte stood. ¢c1470 Henry Wadlace v. 285 His
hors stuffyt, for the way was depe and lang. 1523 Act 14-
15 Hen. VIII, c.6 Many other common waies .. be so depe
and noyous, by wearyng and course of water. 1632 Lirucow
Trav, v1, 253 We. .incountred with such deep sandy ground.
1748 SmMottett Rod. Rand. viii, To walk upwards of three
hundred miles through deep roads. 1828 C. Croker Fairy
Leg. 167 The roads were excessively deep, from the heavy
rains. [We now say ‘deep in mud, dust, etc.”]
II. Figurative senses.
* Of things, states, actions, etc.
6. Hard to fathom or ‘get to the bottom of’;
penetrating far into a subject, profound.
c1ooo Ags. Ps. xcifi]. 4 Weran Sine gebancas pearle
deope. cxr200 OrmIN 5501 Off all be boc i Godess hus
Pe deope dizhellnesse. /4/d. 7205 Bisshopess off dep lare.
1325 £. E. Allit. P. B. 1609 For his depe diuinité &
his dere sawes. c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 1553 Pai left
all depe questyouns, 1535 Coverpate Ps. xci{i]. 5 Thy
thoughtes are very depe. x600 J. Pory tr. Leo’s Africa i.
315 A man of deepe learning. 16rx Biste 1 Cor. ii. 10.
1798 Ferriar J/lustr. of Sterne i. 5 They suppose a work
to be deep, in proportion to its darkness. 1860 Ruskin Mod.
Painters V. vu. iv, 150 A deep book .. for deep people. 1875,
Hewes Anim. § Mast, iv, 86 In this work..hopeful that
I should find something very deep, and very significant,
b. Lying below the surface; not~ superficial ;
profound.
1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Char. Wks. (Bohn) II. 60 It
is in the deep traits of race that the fortunes of nations are
written. 1871 Mortey Voltaire (1886) 6 In all that belongs
to its deeper significance. 1874 — Compromise (1886) 28 OF
these deeper causes, the most important ., is the growth of
the Historic Method.
+7. Solemn; grave: a. of oaths, protestations,
etc. Ods, Gs OE. also of divine messages, etc. :
Awful, dread, stern.)
a 1000 Czdmon's Exod. 518 (Gr.) Moyses sezde halize
sprece, deop zrende. @ 1000 Guth/ac 641 (Gr.) Purh deopne
dom, ¢ 1000 Ags. Ps, cxxxi. 1x Pxs deopne 4p Drihten
aswor, 1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 233 Grettore ob non nys, Pan
by pe olde chyrche of Glastynbury [h]wo so dep ob nome.
1587 Turserv. 7vag. 7. (1837) 117 To sweare by deepe And
very solemne othes. 1646 Sir T, Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. vii. 25
Nor are the deepest sacraments. .of any force to perswade,
1649 Br. Hatt Cases Consc. 59 Beleeving the sellers deepe
protestation,
+b. Of grave consequence or effect; grave,
serious, weighty, important. Ods.
1596 Suaxs. 1 Hen, IV, 1, she Tle reade you Matter,
deepe and dangerous. 1605 — Macd. 1. iii, 126 The Instru-
ments of Darknesse..Winne vs with honest Trifles, to be-
tray ’s In deepest consequence. 1643 Mitton Divorce 1. vi,
This is a deep and serious verity. x7xx ADDISON Sfect,
No. 26 » 6 A View of Nature in her deep and solemn Scenes,
8. As an attribute of moral qualities or of actions
in which sinking or abasement is present,
a, Of sin, crime, guilt (into which one may fall
or sink): Grave, heinous,
@ 1000 Guthlac 830 (Gr.) Onguldon deopra firena. a 1000
Fuliana 301 (Gr.) Purh deopne gedwolan, ¢ 1200 77in. Coll,
Earth u. (1722) 221 The Waters
eee about so Miles deep. x1
ng
at
119
Hom. 73 Panne pe sinfulle man beod bifallen on depe sinne.
@ 1400-50 Alexander 1866 A depe dishonoure 3e do to 3oure
name. 1594 Suaks, Rich. //1, u. ii, 28 And with a vertuous
Vizor hide deepe vice. 1605 — Macd.1. vii. 20 ‘The deepe
damnation of his taking off. Mod. He is in deep disgrace.
b. Of humility, or of things humble or lowly.
a@z225 Ancr. R, 246 Auh habbe 3e dope dich of deope
edmodnesse. 1340 Ayend. 211 He ssel to god grede mid
dyepe herte. [1843 CartyLe Past §& Pr, (1858) 159 Letters
. answered with new deep humilities,] :
9. Deep-rooted in the breast; that comes from
or enters into one’s inmost nature or feelings; that
affects one profoundly,
@ 1400-50 Alexander 265 With depe desire of delite. 1594
Suaxs. Xich, /TT, 1, iv. 69 1f my deepe prayres cannot ap-
pease thee. 1697 DrypeN Virg. Georg. 1. 451 Deep Horrour
seizes ev'ry Humane Breast. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India
389 A deep sense of Honour. 1709 SteELe Zatler No. 107
» 1, [ sawin his Countenance a deep Sorrow. 1795 SOUTHEY
Foan of Arc 1x. 13 Through every fibre a deep fear Crept
shivering. 1832 Hr. Martineau Demerara i. 7 Alfred ..
yet entertained a deep dislike of the system. 1855 MAcAuLay
Hist. Eng. 111. 107 The matter, they said, is one .. in which
every Englishman .. hasa deep interest. 1891 E. Peacock
N. Brendon Il. 72 John’s feelings were too deep for
words. =
10. Said of actions, processes, etc. in which the
mind is profoundly absorbed or occupied.
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 127 From the deep
consideration and hard suppose of my present evils. 1658
Sir T. Browne //ydriot, Introd., In the deep Discovery of |
the Subterranean World. 179r Mrs. Rapcurre Rom.
Forest v, Gazing on her with that deep attention which
marks an enamoured mind. 184x Lane Arad, Nts. 1. 85
He passed the next night in deep study.
+11. Said of things involving heavy expenditure
or liability ; expensive; heavy. Ods.
1614 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 616 Ye Merchants lode them
with deepe and unreasonable prices. 1649 — Cases Consc.
43 The deep expence he hath beene at. 1655 FuLLER C/.
Hist, u. vi. § 5 The people paid deep Taxes. 171x0 Swirr
Frnt. to Stella 29 Sept., I have the first floor, a dining-room
and bed-chamber, at eight shillings a week; plaguy deep.
1728 Vansr. & Cis. Prov. Huséd, 1. i, Overjoy’d for winning
adeep Stake. 1781 Cowrer Exfostulation 608 Chargeable
with deep arrears. ;
b. Of drinking, gaming, or other practices.
1577 tr. Bullinger’s Decades (1592) 131 Deep swearings,
not only needlesse, but also hurtfull. 1709 Swirr Adz
Relig., That ruinous practice of deep gaming. 1732 Berkr-
LEY Alciphr. ii. § 4 She took a turn towards expensive
Diversions, particularly deep Play. 1827 Scorr ¥rn/.8 Jan.,
He could not resist the temptation of deep play. "1838
THIRtWALt Greece V, xlii. 220 Deep drinking was customary
among the Thracians, [Here there is a mixture of senses.]
12. Of conditions, states, or qualities; Intense,
profound, very great in measure or degree. Of
actions: Powerfully affecting, mighty, influential.
1605 Br. Hatt Medit. & Vows . § 50 Without a deepe
check to my selfe for my backwardnes. 1616 tr. De Dominis’
Motives 13 This consideration. .hathindeepe measure seized
upon mee. 1642 Rocers Naaman 11 If the Lord having
man at a deepe, yea infinite advantage. 1873 Morey
Rousseau 1,188 That influence. .[gave] a deep and remark-
able bias, first to the American Revolution, and a dozen
years afterwards to the French Revolution. 1 Joo
Duncan Dis. Women xx. (ed. 4) 162 And in order to their
examination, the deep influence of an anesthetic is necessary,
b. Said esp. of sleep, silence, and similar con-
ditions, in which one may be deeply plunged or
immersed.
1547 Boorpe Brev. Health (1587) 34a, The 83. Chapter
doth shew of a terrible and depe slepe. c 1585 ?7J. Po-mon
Famous Battles 262 They maye be wrapped in deepe
silence. 160r Hottanp Pliny I. 84 Drowned in deepe and
thick darkenes. x16rx Bist 2 Cor. viii. 2 Their deepe
pouertie abounded vnto the riches of their liberalitie. 1734
tr. Rollin’s Anc. Hist. (1827) VII. xv. 345 Which at last
ended in deep consumption. 1805 Worpsw. Waggoner 1. 6
In silence deeper far than that of deepest noon. 1853 Kanr
Grinnell Exp. xxxii. (1856) 279 Now comes the deep still-
ness after it,
c. Used of the intense or extreme stage of
winter, night, etc., when nature is ‘plunged’ in
darkness or death,
@ 1555 Latimer Sern. § Rent. (1845) 323, I would be very
loth, now this deep winter ..to take such a journey. 1593
Suaks. 2 Hen. VI, 1. iv. 19 Deepe Night, darke Night, the
silent of the Night. 1607 TorsELL Four S. Beasts ( 1658) 4 59
In the deepest cold weather he cometh into the Mountains
of ng 1633 T. Starrorp Pac. Hib, To Rdr. 3 In her
deepe and declining age. 2797 Mrs. Rapcuirre /tadian vii,
It was deep night before he left Naples. 1806-7 J. Beres-
ForD Miseries Hum, Life (1826) v. iii, During the deepest
part of the tragedy. 82x Joanna Barwuie Met. Leg.,
Columbus xlix, But when the deep eclipse came on. 1851
Hawrtnorne Wonder Bk., Gorgon’s Head (1879) 87 It was
now deep night,
13. Of colour (or coloured objects) ; Intense from
the quantity of colour through or on which one
Peg highly chromatic, .The opposite of faint,
thin,
1555 Even Decades 236 Iacinthes..are best that are of
diepeste colour, ¢ 1600 SHaks. Sov. liv. 5 The canker-
blooms have full as deep a dye As the perfumed tincture of
the roses. 1665 Hooke Microgr, 7 1 manner of Blues,
from the faintest to the deepest. Thi, As the liquor grew
thicker and thicker, this tincture appear’d deeper and deeper.
1668 Excell. Pen & Pencil 8x In putting the deep and dark
lows in the Face. 1799 G. Smitn Laboratory 1. 394
According as you would have it deeper or lighter. @ 1839
Praep Poems (1864) I. 6 Like the glow of a deep carnation,
1873 Brack Pr. of Thule x. 164 Deeper and deeper grew
the colour of the sun,
DEEP.
b. Qualifying names of colours.
Orig. with sbs. of colour, as ‘a deep blue’ (F. 2 dle
Joncé); when the colour word is used as an adj., deep be-
comes functionally an ady., and is sometimes hyphened :
cf. Deer adv, 2, 3b.
1597 Suaks. Lover's Comfl. 213 The deepe greene Emrald.
1665 Hooke Microgr. 73 Of a deep Scarlet colour. 1776
Wituerinc Brit. Plants (1796) 11. 485 Petals. deep orange.
1831 Brewster Offices xi. 99 Deep crimson red. 1883 L'foo/
Courier 25 Sept. 4/6 Glittering on the deep blue dome,
ce. Deep mourning : complete or full mourning :
that which symbolizes deep grief.
1722 Lond. Gaz. No, 6084/6 ‘The Coachman in deep
Mourning. 1762 Gotpsm. Cit. W’. xviii. » 6 A lady dressed
in the deepest mourning. 1863 Mrs. Cartyce Le?/. III. 167
[She] was very tall, dressed in deep black.
14. Of sound (or a source of sound): Low in
pitch, grave; full-toned, resonant.
1591 Suaxs, 1 Hex. VJ, 11. iv. 12 Between two Dogs, which
haththe deeper mouth. 1610 — 7emzf. m1. iii.98 That deepe
and dreadfull Organ-Pipe. 1629 Mi.ton Ode Nativity xiii,
And let the bass of heaven's deep organ blow. 1704 Pore
Autumn 20 And with deep murmurs fills the sounding
shores. 1828 Scott /. M7. Perth ii, ‘Why, so I can’. .said
one of the deepest voices that ever answered question.
1886 Pali Mall G. 28 Sept. 14/1 He possesses a very fine
deep bass voice.
b. with mixture of senses. Cf. 7, 9.
1605 Suaks. AZacé. v. iii. 27 Curses, not lowd, but deepe.
1818 Snettey Lev. /slam vu. vii, They began to breathe
Deep curses.
+15. Far advanced (in time), late. Obs. rare.
1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. 1v. i, 1 marle how forward
the day is..’slight, ’tis deeper than I took it, past five.
** Of persons, and their faculties.
16. ‘Having the power to enter far into a sub-
| ject’ (J.), penetrating, profound; having profound
knowledge, learning, or insight.
¢ 1200 OrMIN 7084 Patt haffdenn dep innsihht and witt.
¢1400 Destr. Troy 9237 Of wit noble, Depe of discrecioun.
1577-87 Hotinsuen Chron. II. 43/2 A deepe clerke, and one
that read much, 1594 Suaks. Rich. 1/7, 11. vii.75 Meditat-
ing with two deepe Diuines. c 1610 Mipp.ETov, etc. Widow
1. il, I shall be glad to learn too, Of one so deep as you are.
1640 Br. Hatt /fisc. 1. v. 20 Wise Fregivillaus (a deep
head, and one that was able to cut even betwixt the league,
the Church, and the State). @ 1661 FutLER Worthies (1840)
III. 212 He was no deep seaman. 1749 Firtp1nc 7om Yones
xv. vi, The deepest politicians, who see to the bottom. 1781
Cowrer Conversation 741 The World grown old her deep
discernment shows, Claps spectacles on her sagacious nose.
1856 Emerson Lng. Traits i. Wks.(Bohn) II. 9 He [Carlyle]
was clever and deep, but he defied the sympathies of every-
body. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) V. 19 There is none of
Plato’s writings which shows so deep an insight into the
sources of human evil,
17. Profound in craft or subtlety ; in mod. slang,
profoundly cunning, artful, or sly.
1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 758 He was close
and secret and a depedissimuler. 1568 Grarton Chron. II.
776 Oh depe and wretched dissimulation. 1594 SHaks.
Rich. ITT, u. i. 38 Deepe, hollow, treacherous, and full of
guile, 1663 Butter Hud. 1.1. 743 There is a Machiavelian
plot .. And deepdesign in't. 1688 SHapweit Sgr. Alsatia
II. (1720) 63 Fools ! nay there I am sure you are out : they
are all deep, they are very deep and sharp. 1712 STEELE
Spect. No. 485 »8 Which is the deeper man of the two. 1861
Dickens Gt. Expect. xxxii, You're a deep one, Mr. Pip.
1877 NV. W. Linc. Gloss. s.v., ‘ He's as deep as a well’, and
. He's as deep as Wilkes’, are common expressions to indi-
cate subtilty and craft.
18. Of an agent: Who does (what is expressed)
deeply, profoundly, gravely, excessively.
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 242 b, Amonge the most
depe synners. 1594 SHaks. Rich. ///, 1. ii. 73 Two deepe
enemies, Foes to my Rest. 1615 STEPHENS Satyr. Ess.
st 2) 378 Yet she is a deepeIdolater. 1722 Dr For Cod.
‘ack (1840) 279 She had been the deepest sufferer by far.
1865 M. Arnotp Ess. Crit. i. (1875) 9 Shakspeare was
no deep reader. 1884 A. R. Pennincton Wiclif ii. 28
A great favourite with deep thinkers,
19. Much immersed, involved, or implicated (2
debt, guilt, ruin, drink, etc.) ; far advanced, far on.
Often passing into the adverb.
1567 Damon & P. in Hazl. Dodsley IV. 76 For all their
high looks, I know some sticks full deep in merchants’
books, 1587 R. HovenveN in Collectanea (Oxford Hist.
Soc.) I. 215 Being .. deepe in your Lordships debt. 1594
Suaks. Rich, //,1. iv. 220 For in that sinne, he is as deepe
as I. 1600 — A. Y. L. iv. i. 220 How deepe I am in loue.
1638 Junius Painting of Anc.58 Comming from a drink-feast
..deepe in drinke. 1662 Hospes Coxsid. (1680) 6 To his
dammage some thousands of pounds deep. 1771 T. Hutt
Sir W. Harrington (1797) 1. 53, I shall be at as great
a loss, being that sum deep with my banker already. 1782
Cowrer Boadicea 16 Rome shall perish.. Deep in ruin as
in guilt, 1784 — Task v. 494. The age of virtuous
politics is past, And we are deep in that of cold pretence,
1856 Macteop in Crump Banking i. g The Plebeians.. got
deeper and deeper into debt.
b. Greatly immersed, engrossed, absorbed (cz
some occupation).
2735 Pope Ef. Lady 63 Now deep in Taylor and the Book
of Martyrs, 21746 Gray Lett. to ¥. Chute Wks. 1884 II.
131, I was in the Coffee-House very deep in advertisements.
1820 Byron Mar, Fal.1.i.3 Still the Signory is deep in
council. 1855 Brownine By the Fireside iii, There he is at
it, deep in Greek.
rit. Examples of the comparative and super-
lative. Cf, also DrEpMost.
a 1000 Czdmon’s Exod. 364 (Gr.) Done deopestan drenc+
doppant Bole capseWeeny See Wie ik ee
5 IF Sel, Se . e) rste
1398 Trevisa Barth, Dev, ax
place of helle, » RK, xiv. ly.
DEEP.
(Tollem, MS.), Pe depper [1495 deper] be diche is withinne.
c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg, 21 To pe deppest place. 1503
Hawes Examp. Virt. xiii. 278 n went we downe to
a depper vale. 1613 Purcnas Pilgrimage vin. v. 760 Still
waters are deepest. 1651 Hosses Leviath. mi, xxxviii. 242
As well the Grave, as any other cenyet rie
b. The superl. is used aéso/, = deepest part.
Ri ad A Seay aren 7. Into be drapes a ke
um. ¢ Saxton Sonnes of Aymon iv. 115 y
wente Gwtlfed in the depp of the fe of Ardeyne.
1856 Aurelio § Isab. (1608) c, From the depest of the earth
unto the greatest height of the heaven, a 186x Croucu
Song of Lamech g2 And in his slumber’s d he beheld
.-our father Cain. wh
V. Comb. a. Attributive uses of phrases, as deep-
mouth (= DEEP-MOUTHED), deep-water, DEEP-SEA.
1795 J. Puiutrs Hist. Inland Navig. 324 A deep-water
canal at this — would be ae 1806 Sporting
Mag. XXVIII. 192 A deep-mouth Norman hound. 1890
Nature 10 Apr. 541 There will be no deep-water channel
into the river. F :
b. Parasynthetic derivatives, forming adjectives,
as deep-bellied (deep belly + -ed), having a dee
belly, -6rained, -browed, -chested, -coloured, -ditched,
-eyed, -flewed, -nosed, -piled, -sighted, -thoughted,
-throated, -toned, -vaulted, -voiced, -waisted, etc.
1682 Lond. Gaz. No. 1744/4 A dark brown Mare..fat, and |
1597 SHaxs. Lover's Compl. 209 *Deep- |
*deep-bellied.
brained sonnets. a 182x Keats Sonn. Chapman's Homer,
*Deep-browed Homer. 1838 James Rodder i, He was both
broad and *deep-chested. 1770 Hamitton in Phil. Trans.
LXI, 22 “Deep-coloured flames burst forth. 1548 Hatt
120
r Gower Conf. Il. 200 They go by night unto the
ane A wilde ‘am into the aepe Th
Yallace vi. 719 A thousand
Chron. 56 No stronger walled then *depe ditched. 1818 |
Suetrey Rev. Zslam 1. li, Sculptures like life and thought ;
immovable, *deep-eyed. 1735 SomeRVILLE Chase 1, 286 The
*deep-flew'd Hound Breed up with Care. 1846 J. Baxter
Libr, Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) 1. 219 All light sharp-nosed dogs
will always be much more inclined to riot than deep-flewed
dogs. 1889 Yarrett Brit. Fishes (ed. 3) 11. 406 The *Deep- |
nosed Pipe-fish is immediately recognised by the compressed
form of the face. 1876 Rock 7ext. Fabr. 67 A dark blue
*deep-piled velvet. 1622 Massincer Virg. Mart. u. i,
Pimpled, *deep-scarleted, rubified, and carbuncled faces.
1577 B. Gooce /eresbach's Husb, 11. (1586) 128 A long,
a large, and *deepe sided body. a 1797 H. Watrote Alem.
Geo. [II (1845) I. viii. 117 Wholesome and “deep-sighted
advice. 1668 Lond. Gaz. No. 272/4 A “deep skirted Saddle
of red Cloth. 1882 7ises 27 June, English wools .. of the
*deep-stapled class. 1839 J. R. Dartey /utrod. Beaum. &
Fl, Wks. (1839) 1. 17 Jonson. .repaid both with the follow-
ing *deep-thoughted lines. x rs. Browntnc The Dead
Pan xxii, The hoarse *deep-throated ages Laugh your god-
ships unto scorn, 1780 Cowrer Progr. Err. 605 Strike on
the “deep-toned chord the sum of all. 1876 Gro. Eecsor Dan.
Der. UI. xxxvi. 86 With deep-toned decision. 1842 Tenny-
son Gardener's Dan. 45 Fields.. browsed by *deep-udder'd
kine. 1671 Mitton P. A. 1. 113 Hell's *deep-vaulted den.
1847 Loner. Ez, 11. v. 247 The *deep-voiced..ocean. | 1769
Fatconer Dict. Marine (1789), Encastillé, *deep-waisted,
or frigate-built ; as opposed to galley-built.
Deep (dip), s¢. Forms:
deope, 4-6 depe, 4-7 deepe, 5-6 Sc. deip(e,
(8 dip (sense 8)), 6- deep. [OE. déof, neuter of
déop a., used subst. ; also déepe, dye, in non-WSax.
| ‘Tennyson Palace of Art \vi, God, before whom ever
1 déop, dype, 4 |
déope depth, deepness = OS. diupi, diopi, OHG. |
tiuft (Ger. tiefe), ON. dypi, Goth. diupet :—OTent.
ae diupin-, {. deupo-z DEEP.]
+1. Depth, deepness. Obs. rare.
¢ 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xiii. 5 Hig nafdon pare eorpan
dypan [c 1160 Hatton G. deopan}. 1624 Bacon New
Atlantis Wks. (1676) 259 Caves of several — 1635 L.
Foxe N.-W, Voy. 128 Hee lessed his deepe 3 fathom.
2. The deep part of the sea, or of a lake or river
(opposed to shallow) ; deep water ; a deep place.
a 1000 Caedmon's Exod. 281 (Gr.) Ic sloh garsecges deop.
c¢1000 Ags. Ps. Ixviii. 14-15 Ado me of deope deorces
waeteres.. Ne me huru forswelge sa-grundes deop. 1483
Caxton Gold. Leg. 58/2 And sancke doun in to the depe o
the see. ¢ 1500 Melusine 273 They had take the deep of
the porte, 1568 Grarton Chron. IL. 325 The Frenchmen..
passed by and tooke the deepe of the Sea. 1682 CurTHam
ig aah Vade-m. xxxiii. § 1 Dib in the still deeps. 1700
S. L. tr. Fryke’s Voy. 265 Till we were quite out of the deep,
and in full sight of the Land. 1831 Cartyte Sart. Res. 1.
iv, Some silent, high-encircled mountain-pool, into whose
black deeps Dn fear to gaze, 1 Kincs.ey Heroes Vv. ii.
(1868) 155 hey sailed on through the deeps of Sardinia.
1865 J.G. Bertram Harvest of Sea (1873) 108 The best
— for this kind of fishing are the deeps at Kingston
ridge, Sunbury Lock. od. A ship crossing Boston a
3. The deep: a. The deep sea, the ocean, the
main, foetic and rhetorical (without pl.)
¢ 1000 Ags. Gos. Luke v. 4 Teoh hit [scip] on ive
{c 1160 Hatton G. deopan]. ¢ 1315 SuoreHaM 146 Fisches
ine the depe. c 1386 Cuaucer Man of Law's 7.357, I schal
drenchen in pe deepe. @ > Alexander 64 Dromonds
dryfes ouer be depe. 1590 Suaxs. Mids. N. ut. i. 161 They
shall fetch thee Iewels from the deepe. 1614 Br, Hatt
Recall. Treat. 442 The swelling waves of the Deepe. 1662
Bk, Com. rise Burial at Sea, We therefore commit his
body to the 1713 Streets Englishman No. 26. 171
Monsters of the p. 1801 CampseLt Mariners of Eng.
iv, Britannia needs no bulwark, No towers along the steep ;
Her march is o'er the mountain waves, Her home is on the
pe a 1870 Bryant /éiad 1. 1, 65 Barks To cross the dark
ue deep.
+b. Formerly also in Z/. in same sense. Obs.
1598 Cuapman J/iad 1.310 They .. cast The offal of all to
the deeps. . Pet Jmprov. Sea Ep. Ded. A iij b,
Among the rds wonders in the Deeps. 1738 Pore
Odyss. 11. 372 The dangers of the deeps he tries. /dfd. mt.
q1o The monstrous wonders of the deeps.
ce. The abyss or depth of space. (Sometimes
a fig. use of a,)
1855 Sincteton Virgil 1. 331
Who in a deep of cliff the fates doth chant.
‘depth’. Oés.
1530 PAtsGr. 543/1 In the depe of wynter, all flowers be faded
quyte awaye. 1598 SHaxs. Merry IW. 1v. iv. 40 Many that
do feare In deepe of night to walke by this Hernes Oake.
a 1661 Hotypay Yuvenal 13 An hour at the deep of winter,
being but a twelfth part of their shortest day. 1682 Bunyan
/Toly War8o The Containn also, in the deep of this Winter,
did send. .a summons to Mansoul.
7. fig. A deep (7e. secret. mysterious, unfathom-
able, or vast) region of thought, feeling, or being ;
a ‘depth’, ‘abyss’. poet. and rhet.
1614 Be. Hart Recoll. Treat. 631 Hee is happily waded
out of those deepes of sorrowes, whereof our conceites can
finde no bottome. 1632 Lirncow 77av. x. 485 Low plunge
my hopes, in dark deepes of despaire. 1781 Cowrer Xetire-
ment 135 'To dive into the secret deeps within. 1820 SHELLEY
Ode Liberty ix, From the human spirit’s deepest deep. 1832
Tie bare
The abysmal deeps of Personality. _
8. Naut. A term used in estimating the fathoms
intermediate to those indicated by marks on the
20-fathom sounding-line. Formerly also dif.
The marks are at 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 13, 15, 17, 20 fathoms; the
‘deeps’ or ‘dips’ are therefore 1. 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16,
18, 19.
1 ; Fatconer Dict. Marine (1789) M m iv, As there is no
mark at 4, 6, 8, &c., he estimates those numbers, and calls,
“ By the dip four, &c.’ ¢ 1860 H. Stuart Seaman's Catech.
42 How many marks and deeps are there in a 20-fathom
lead line? ine marks and eleven dee 1867 SmyTH
Sailor's Word-bk., Hand-line, a line bent to the hand-lead,
measured at certain intervals with what are called marks and
deeps from 2 and 3 fathoms to 20. 1882 Nares Seamanshi,
(ed. 6) 17 If he judges that the depth corresponds wit
a deep, [the leadsman calls] ‘ by the deep 8 or 9, etc,’
9. Comb., as deep-commanding,
c 1590 Greene Fy, Bacon xi. 112 Hell trembled at my
deep-commanding spells.
Deep (dip), adv. Forms: 1 diope, déope, 3
diep, 3-6 depe, 4 dep, dipe, 5-7 deepe, 6— deep.
Comp. deeper, superl. deepest ; also 2 deoppre,
4 deppere, 4-5 depper, 5 deppir; 4 deppest,
depperst. [OE. d/ope, déope = OS. diopo, diapo,
OHG. tiufo (MHG. tiefe, Ger. tief).]
1. Jit, Deeply; to, at, or with, a great, or speci-
edolgod, dumb in
deihwamliche
(Cott.)
heore put deoppreand d
fi 4 ben
Pan fell pai depe. cr
That they may stumble on, and deeper fall. 1727 Swirt
laden that she
Skirl. 1. 33 His
of his ,
b. éransf. in reference to time: Far on.
1822 Scorr Nigel xviii, The Abbess ..died before her
munificent pat who lived deep in Queen Elizabeth's
time. 1872 Dixon Tower III. xx. arr three men sat
up deep into the night. 1890 W. C. Russet Ocean Trag.
itt xxx, 137 The work ran us deep into the afternoon,
@. Ino le deep and the like, the adv. approaches
the adj.
a 1704 Locke (J.), If the matter be knotty, and the sense
lies deep, the mind must stop and buckle to it. 1803 Worpsw.
Ode Intim. Immort. xi, Thoughts that do often lie too deep
for tears. 1812 Mrs. Hemans Graves of Househ. iv, The
sea, the blue lone sea hath one, He lies where pearls lie
deep. Prov. Still waters run deep.
2. fig. Deeply (in various figurative senses) ;
profoundly, intensely, earnestly, vily, etc.
As qualifying an adj. (cf. quots. 1600, 1602) deep is obs.
(exc. with cham of colour, as ‘deep-red stain’, where dee,
is historically an adj. : see Deer a. 13 b); q' averb,
it is generally superseded in prose use by deeply, though
still used in particular cases ; cf. quots, 1810-75.
‘ax000 Desc. Hell 108 com ic pe halsie deope. ¢ 1000
Ags. L's, cvi. 26 Gedrefede 3a deope syndan. a 1300 Cursor
8269 (Cott.) Ferr and depe he weetnay ang oy it
suld be wroght. c 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 12 ido, And
swore so depe to hire to be trewe. 1596 Pilg: Perf (W. de
W. 1531) 15 b, Anone they ouerthrowe hym as ome in
ad 1600 Suaxs. A. Y. L. ul. vii. 31 ‘ooles
should be sodeepecontemplatiue. 1602 Marston Antonio's
Rev. w. iii. Wks. 1856 1. 127 Iam deepe sad. 1621 Evsinc
Yavecens Sb Mipiditeen aietom i. Crit ash Aelae
verton ‘ore Ess. Crit. 21 i
learning is a dangerous thing; “Drink ), or taste not the
Pierian spring. @ 1715 Burnet Own Time (1823) I. 4
The King was so id to engage himself too deep. re
Gotpsm. Nash ; Ags tie him up. .from playing deep. 1810
Scorn Lady of L.1. i, A bended ed deep and
strong. 1 Lams Elia Ser. nu: Old Margate Hoy, The
reason. .scarcely goes deep gh into the questi 1833
‘Turrtwatt in PAilol. Aus. 11. 538 Moral inquiries. .were
those in which he engaged the deepest. 1866 KincsLey
Hereward iii. 77 They drank deep of the French wine.
p55 Lagoa? Plato (ed. 2) 1V. 41 thoughts of Socrates
. have certainly sunk deep into the mind of the world.
3. Comb. Frequent in combination with pres. and
pa. pples. (in which deeply, not hyphened, may
usually be substituted); as deep-going, -lying,
-questioning, -reaching, -sinking, -thinking,
-trenching; deep-cut, -felt, -grown, -sunk; DEEP-
DRAWN, -LAID, -SET, etc. In poetical language,
especially, these combinations are formed at will,
| and their number is unlimited, e. g. decp-affected,
gs a rae -biting, -brooding, -buried, -crimsoned,
-damasked, -discerning, -drawing, -drunk, -dyed,
-engraven, -laden, -persuading, -searching, -sunken,
-sworn,-throbbing, -worn, -wounded; DEEP-ROOTED,
DEEP-SEATED, etc. It is sometimes difficult to
separate these from parasynthetic combinations of
the adj. such as deep-vaulted: see DEEP a. IV. b.
1598 Syivester Du Bartas u. i. limposture 305 Sweet,
courting, “deep-affected words. /did. u. i. Fores 581
*Deep-affrighted Sadnesse. yang H. More Song of Soul
App. m. ix, By Nemesis *deep-biting whips well urged.
1776 Mickte tr. Camoens' Lusiad 3 *Deep-brooding
stlence reign'd. 1855 Stncteton Virgil I. 142 Wealth..
broodeth over his *deep-buried gold. a 1826 Loner. Autumn
19 The .. woods of ash *d imsoned. 1860 TynpaLt
Glac. 1. viii. 59 Streams .. rushing through *deep-cut chan-
nels. 1820 Keats S¢. Agnes xxiv, The tiger-moth’s *deep-
damask'd wings. 1844 Marc. Futter Wom, in 19th C.
| (1862) 51 Deep-eyed *deep-discerning Greece, 1606 Suaxs.
| veins.
Tr. & Cr. Prol. 12 The *deep-drawing barks do there dis-
gorge. 1593 — Lucr. 1100 She, *deep-drenched in a sea of
care. 1703 Rowe Uldyss. u. i. 954 Mounting Spirits of the
*deep-drunk Bowl. 1818 Byron Ch. Har. w. xxviii, Gently
flows The “deep-dyed Brenta. 1614 T. Apams Devil's Ban-
guet 47 *Deepe-ingrauen and indelible characters. 1808
J: —, ps ye rt —— felt sorrows. ue rea
Logic in 01.178 A * going error. 1883 Daily News
may iy 2/ eieapqrews ttn Tish wools are still out of
fashion. 1845 Loncr. Belfry Bruges xii, With *deep-laden
argosies. 1864 Marsu Man § Nature 4p The *deep-lying
£0. Exriot Dan. Der. IV. xxviii. 21 ec
deep-lying though not obtrusive difference. 1§94 Barn-
riecp Compl. Chastitie vii, Gold is a * -perswading
Orator. 187r Morey Voltaire (1886) 213 Moods of ego-
tistic introspection and *deep-questioning contemplation.
1599 Marston Sco. Villanie u. v. 196 For wus Was a
knaue, A damn'd *deep-reaching villain. M. Arnotp
Lit. & Dogma 362 The truth is really. .more and *“deep-
reaching than the Aberglaube. 1776 Micke tr. Camoens’
Lusiad 125 *Deep-settled grief. Lytton What will
he do. vi, Under the *deep-sunk window. ¢ 1600 Saks.
Sonn, ii, Within thine owne *deepe-sunken eyes.
Loner. 70 a Child ii, Far-down in the deep-sunken wells
darksome mines. 1862 E. Arnoup in /raser’s Mag. July
113 Unto us, thy “deep-sworn votaries. 4 TUCKER
Li. Nat. (1852) 1.613 To deal with the sagacious and —
thinking, one must go to the bottom of things. —_<.
Murray /slaford 126 When this * throbbing
shall be wed. 1862 Anstep Channel /sl. Ww. xx. ( 2) 475
The *d renching plough .. turning up a thickness of a
foot of subsoil. 1827 Keate Chr. ¥., Holy Innocents, The
*“deep-worn trace of penitential tears. 1g90 Srenser 7. Q.
1. ii. 24 A virgin widow; whose “deepe-wounded mind With
love long time did languish. sare
b. Deep was also formerly used with adjectives
(see 2), and these were (or are by editors) some-
times hyphened (to make the grammatical: con-
struction clear), as deep-naked, deep-sore, deep-sweet :
cf, deep contemplative in 2. So still sometimes with
adjs. of colour, as ‘deep-blue sea’, ‘ deep-green
grass’: see DEEP a. 13 b.
xg92 Suaxs. Ven. § Adon. 432 Ear's deep-sweet music,
om, soe sworntian. a 1618 Syivester Tobacco
Battered 377 prones .. with broad deep-naked Brests. —
e. another adv., as deep-down adv. and adj.
3832 Tennyson Lo/os-caters 35 His voice was thin. And
heseem'd. 1861 L. L. Noste / 108 If he
jeep
i move, he dashes a foot the deep stones.
996 seed Harold u, ii. (1877) — deeper still the
deep-down oubliette, below the smiling
day. 1890 Daily News 3 Feb. 5/3 these deep-down curtseys
are reported to be now g into use
d. with verbs (rave), as deep-fish [f. deep fishing,
Jisheries], to fish in the DEEP SBA (q.v.).
W. H. Maxwetr Sorts § Adv. Scott, xvi. (1855) 148
Deep we dypan trans.,
OF ris. dine (Du. diepen), MHG. tiefen, Goth,
ga-diupjan, The intr. would correspond to an
A p, but is
app. an analogical form of later age.)
+g
DEEP-DRAWN.
+1. érans. To make deep, deepen. Ods.
¢ 930 Laws of Athelstan iv. § 6 We cwedon be dam bla-
serum, dat man dypte done ap be pryfealdum. c 1205 Lay.
15473 Pa be dic wes idoluen & allunge ideoped. 1616 JS.
Acc. St. Fohn's Hosp., Canterb., For the deping of it, iiijd.
2. intr. To become deep, deepen. rare.
1598 Haxtuyt Voy. I. 436 Vse your leade oftener ., noting
diligently the order of your depth, and the deeping and
sholding. 1849 Kincstry MZisc., NV. Devon II. 254 Nature’s
own glazings, deeping every instant there behind us.
+3. To go deep, penetrate. Ods.
@ 1225 Ancr. R.288 per waxed wunde & deoped into besoule.
+4. trans. To plunge or immerse deeply (/7¢. and
Jig.) ; to drown. Obs.
¢1380 Wycuir Ser. Sel. Wks. I. 13 It is noo nede to
depe us in pis story more pan be gospel tellith, a1541
Wyartr Poet. Wks. (1861) 173 And deep thyself in travail
more and more. 1578 Chr. Prayers in Priv. Prayers (1851)
444 A droopy night ever deepeth the minds of them.
Deep-drawn (dzpidro:n), Af2.a. [Drer adv.
3-] Drawn deeply or from the depths (esp. of the
breast).
1813 T. Jerrerson Writ. (1830) IV. 224 They can never
suppress the deep-drawn sigh. 1860 TyNDALL Glac. 1. xvi.
107 The hollow cave resounded to the deep-drawn snore.
1870 Bryant //iad II. xvi. 114 With a sigh Deep-drawn.
eepen (d7p’n), v. [Like most verbs in -ev,
a comparatively modern formation from DEEP a.,
taking the place of the earlier Derr v. See -EN 5.]
1. trans. To make deep or deeper (in various
senses) ; to increase the depth of.
@ 1605 Stow Q. £iiz. an. 1601 (R.) He .. heightened the
ditches, deepened the trenches. 1612 Peacuam Gent/. Exerc.
xxiii. 80 You must deepen your colours so that the Orpiment
may be the highest. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 75 Nor will the
Blues be diluted or deepened after the manner I speak of.
1785 J. Puitups Treat. Inland Navig. 45 To widen and
deepen the River Stort. 1858 Merc. Marine Mag. V. 226
The ship will have passed the shoal and deepened her water
tog fathoms. 1870 Ruskin Lect. A7t ii. (1875) 43 Means of
deepening and confirming your convictions.
2. intr. To become deep or deeper.
1699 Dampier Voy. New Holland (R.), The water deepned
and sholdned so very gently. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. //ist,
(1776) II. 234 We shall find. .the shades gradually to deepen.
18or CampBett Hohenlinden, The combat deepens. 1838
T. THomson Chem. Org. Bodies 851 The colour gradually
deepens by exposure to the air. 1863 Gro. Evior Rovmola i.
xx, The evening had deepened into struggling starlight.
Deepened (dzp’nd), Z//. a. [f. prec. + -ED 1.]
Made deep or deeper: see DEEPEN 1.
1598 Cuapman //iad 1. 418 In the ocean's deepen'd breast.
1873 Tristram Joab Pref. 4 Read with deepened interest.
Deepener (di‘p’na1). [f. as prec. + -ER!.]
One who or that which deepens.
1823 Blackw. Mag. X1V. 487 A deepener of her sorrows.
1845-6 TrencH Huds. Lect. Sen 1. ii, 168 The deepener of
the curse. : ;
Deepening (d7p’nin), v2/. sb. [-1nc1.]
1. The action of the verb DEEPEN, q.v.
1785 J. Puitirs Treat. Inland Navig. 45 The cleansing
and deepening would be exactly the same... expence. 1802
Prayrair /llusty, Hutton. Th. 360 The draining off of the
water, by the deepening of the outlet. 1884 A thenzum
1t Nov. 558/t The gradual deepening of the mystery.
attrib. 1767 Specif. Downes’ Patent No. 872 A certain
instrument or tool called a deepening tool. :
+2. Painting. The process of intensifying colour
or shadow ; a shaded part of a picture. Ods.
1622 Peacuam Com. Gent. 114 White Lead for the height-
ning, and Smalt for your deepning, or darkest shadow. 1638
Junius Painting fe Ane. 275 To adde unto their workes
some shadowes and deepnings. 1669 A. BrowNnE As Pict.
(1675) 84 The strong touches and deepnings.
3. A depression in a surface.
1859 R. F. Burton Centr. Afr. in Frnl. Geog. Soc. XX1X.
314 The bridge of the nose is .. not without a deepening in
the interorbital portion. 1880 J. Carp Philos. Relig. vii.
1g2 Dints, marks, spatial deepenings and elevations.
Dee'pening, ///. a. [-1NG*.] That deepens;
becoming deep or deeper: see DEEPEN 2.
1762 FaLconer Sipzw~. 1. (R.), Ere yet the deepening inci-
dents prevail. 179r Mrs. Rapcuirre Rom. Forest ii, The
deepening gloom, 1867 Miss Brappon Aur. Floyd i. 5
Against the deepening crimson of the sky.
Hence Dee‘peningly adv.
, 1878 Grosart in H. More's Poems, Introd. 19/2 The same
impression is inevitable in reading More .. and deepeningly
as you ponder his Poetry.
Deep-fetched, +-fet (d7*p;fe:t{t, -fe:t), AA7. a.
[Drep adv. 3.] Fetched from deep in the bosom,
or from far below the surface of things ; far-fetched.
1562 Coorer Answ. Priv. Masse (1850) 130 O profound and
deep-fetched reason. 1593 SHaxs. 2 Hev. VI, u. iv. 33 To
see my teares, and heare my deepe-fet groanes. 1604 Meeting
of Gallants 20 Vomiting out some two or three deepe-fetch
aths. @1618 Sytvester Panaretus 465 And sending forth
a deep-fet sigh. pen | H. More Poems, Resolution 109 B
deep-fetchd sighs an pare devotion. 1708 Ozext tr. Boi-
leau's Lutrin 10 With deep fetch’d Bellowings the noble
Beast Exhales his Spirits.
Deeping (d7pin). [f. DEEP v.+-me1.] Each
of the sections (a fathom deep) of which a fishing-
net is composed.
1615 E.S. Britain's Buss in Arb. Garner 111. 629 Each
net must be in depth seven deepings. Each ing must
be a fathom, that is two yards, deep. 1879 E. Rosertson
in Encycl. Brit. 1X. 251/2 They [twine drift-nets] are ..
netted by hand, and are made in narrower pieces called
deepings, which are laced together one below the other to
make up the required depth.
Vou, II.
121
Deep-laid (dé p,léi:d), pp/. a. [Der adv. 3.]
Deeply laid; planned with profound cunning.
1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat, (1852) II. 104 Any deep-laid
scheme or fine spun artifice. 1783 AZiss Baltimores 1.74
He is a deep-laid villain after women. 1846 Grote Greece
1. xv. (1862) I. 241 The deep-laid designs of Zeus. 1
Trottore He Knew xxiii. (1878) 130 He himself had ha
no very deep-laid scheme in his addresses to Colonel
Osborne. .
Deeply (dzpli), adv. Also dep-, depe-, diepe-,
-lie. on dtoplice, déoplice, adv. f. déoplic adj.,
deriv. of déop, DEEP: see -LY 2,
1. To a great or considerable depth; far down-
wards, inwards, etc. (See 7.
@ 1400-50 Alexander 1396 (Dubl. MS.) pai.. Dryves dartez
at owr dukez deply baim wounden. 1573 Tussrer //usé.
xlviii. (1878) 104 ‘Three poles to a hillock .. set deeplie and
strong. 1594 Hooker Zccl. Pod. 1. i. (1611) 2 Preiudices
deepely rooted in the hearts of men. 1597 Gerarve Herbal
1, xliv. (1633), They .. who have deepliest waded in this sea
of simples, 1627 May Lucax vu. 725 All people there Are
deeplyer wounded than our age can beare, 1707 SLOANE
Yamaica 1. 96 The leaves were thinner, deeplier, and more
regularly cut. @1717 ParNeLi Gift of Poetry (R.), I..sink
in deep affliction, deeply down. 1845 M. Pattison /'ss. (1889)
I. 3 It is a tendency deeply seated in the mind of ourage, 1
Tynpatt Géac, 1. xvi, 118 The glacier was deeply fissured.
b. In reference to drinking ; also to sighing.
(Here other notions than the literal enter in.)
1557 N. T. (Genev.) Mark viii. 12 Then he syghed diepely
in his spirite. 1695 Lp. Preston Boeth. 1v, 176 They deeply
tasted of th’ infected Bowl. 1697 DrypENn Virg. Georg. ut.
610 When the Kids their Dams too deeply drain. 1813 Scotr
Rokeby 1. vi, Deeply he drank, and fiercely fed.
2. fig. With deep thought, insight, knowledge,
etc. ; profoundly, thoroughly.
c888 K. A°trreD Boeth. xxxv. § 1 Swa hwa swa wille
dioplice spirigan zfter ryhte. cxo0o AELFric Colloguy
(Wright’s Vocad. 12), Pearle deoplice [pu] spricst. ax225
Aner. R. 154 Isaac .. uorto penchen deoplic{h]e souhte
onlich stude. c1400 Maunpkv. (1839) xiii. 144 He preched
& spak so depely of Dyvynyty. 1523 Act 14-15 Hen. V//I
c. 5 Persons. .lerned, and depely studied in Phisicke. 1561
T. Norton Calvin's Inst. 1. 329 To search depelier of
vnknowen things. 1605 SHaks. JZacé. 11. ii. 30 Consider it
not so deepely. 1798 Ferriar /dlusty. Sterne ii. 35 He was
deeply read in Beroalde. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed.2) IV. 22,
T should like to consider the matter a little more deeply.
b. With profound craft, subtlety, or cunning.
1596 Suaks. Tam. Shr. iv. iv. 42 Both dissemble deepely
their affections. 1617 FLetcner Valentinian v. vi, Either
you love too dearly, Or deeply you dissemble. od, The
plot was deeply laid, but it has been discovered.
+3. With deep seriousness, solemnly. Ods.
¢ 1300 Havelok 1417 Deplike dede he him swere. a 1400-50
Alexander 1186 Pat me was done many day depely to
swere, ? 1503 Plum pton Corr. p.\xiv, And, yf nede be, depely
depose afore the Kynge & hys counsell, that yt is matter of
trawth. 1513 Brapsuaw St. Werdburge 1.2881 Charged full
depely Theyr offyce to execute. 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's
Africa u. 22 And this I dare most deepely take mine oath
on. 1602 SuHaxs. Ham. ut. ii. 234 "Tis deepely sworne.
1671 H. M. Erasm. Collog. 401 Even when he had deeply
sworn to it.
4. Gravely, seriously, heavily ; esf. in reference to
being involved in guilt, liability, obligation, or the
like.
1382 Wyctiir //os. ix. 9 Thei synneden depely. 1576
FieminG Panof?. Efist. 343 F.G. who is so deepely in your
bookes of accountes. Let. Earl Leycester 13 For
which I count my selfe the deeplyest bounde to give him
my humblest thankes. 60x Rf ounson Kingd, § Commw.
(1603) 17 Henry .. left the kingdome deepely indebted. 162
SANDERSON 12 Sevw, (1632) 51 And stoutly maintaine Gods
truth, when it is deepeliest slandered. 1700S. L. tr. C. Fryke's
Voy. 76 Now the other Buffel was deeply engaged too. 1848
Macautay Hist, Eng. I. 658 Of all the enemies of the govern-
ment he was..the most deeply criminal. 1883 FroupE
Short Stud, IV. 1. ix. 103 The archbishop had committed
himself so deeply that he could not afford to wait.
+b. In reference to fines: Heavily. Ods.
1631 Star Chamb. Cases (Camden) 36 If it had not been
that this man hath suffered as he hath I should have sen-
tenced himdeepely. 1655 Futter Ch. Hist. 1x. vii. § 20 The
Starr-Chamber deeply fined S. Richard Knightly .. for en-
tertaining and receiving the Press Gentelmen.
5. With deep feeling, emotion, etc.; in a high
degree, profoundly, intensely, extremely.
@ 1400-50 Alexander 1673 Sire, pis I depely disire, durst
Lit neuyn. did. 1698 Summe .. depely pam playnt Quat
+. euill pai suffird. 1568 Grarton Chyon. II. 111 With them
the sayd Pope had bene so depely offended. x61r SHAks.
Wint. T.u. iii. 14 He straight declin’d, droop’d, tooke it
deeply. 1634 Sir T. Hersert Trav. 120 They curst him
deeply. a Cowrer_ Hoge 333 His soul abhors a mer-
cenary thought, And him as deeply who abhors it not. 1851
Dixon W. Penn xv. (1872)131 All this was deeply interest-
ing toPenn. 1857 Buckte Cividiz. I. xiv. 850 Of these short-
comings I am deeply sensible.
6. Of physical states or qualities: a. Profoundly,
soundly, with complete absorption of the faculties.
b. With deep colour, intensely. ¢. With a deep,
grave, or sonorous voice.
1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 122 Deeply plunged
in a profound sleepe. 1695 Brackmore Pr. Arth. ut. 706
Some deeply Red, and others faintly Blue. 1820 SHELLEY
Vision of Sea 77 Smile not, my child, But sleep deeply and
sweetly. a@1845 Hoop Rwth ii, On her cheek an autumn
flush pry std ripened. 1883 Harper's Mag. Nov. 948/2
A pack of hounds came .. baying deeply. me
. Comb. Deeply (mostly in sense 1) qualifying
a pple. is now usually hyphened when the pple.
is used attributively, preceding its sb., but not
DEEPNESS.
when it follows ; as ‘the leaf is deeply serrated ’,
‘a deeply-serrated leaf’.
1816 J. Scott Visit Paris Pref. 35 Deeply-bottomed bravery.
1854 J. S. C. Assorr Napoleon (1855) I. xxvii. 424 Deeply-
rooted popular prejudices, 1866 Howetts Venet. Life xix.
295 That deeply-serrated block of steel. =n Sir G. Scotr
Tipe Archit. 1, 166 Lofty and deeply-receding jambs.
Dee‘pmost, @. (super/.) rare. [f. DEEP a. +
-most. Cf. copmost, inmost, etc.] Deepest.
1810 Scorr Lady of L. u. xx, From her deepmost glen.
1841 Lavy F. Hastincs Poems 233 Shout, echo! from thy
deepmost cell.
Deep-mouthed (dzp;maudd, -maupt), a. [f.
deep mouth + -ED *.]
1, Having a deep or sonorous voice : esp. of dogs.
1595 SHAKS, Fox v. ii. 173 And mocke the deepe mouth’d
Thunder. 1899 —- Hex. V, v. Prol. 11 Out-voyce the deep-
mouth’d Sea, 1662 Drypen Wild Gallant 1.1, A Serenade
of deep-mouth’d Currs, 1696 Lond. Gaz. No. 3204/4 A Pack
of deep mouth’d Hounds to be sold. 1725 Porr Odyss. x1x.
504 Parnassus .. With deep-mouthed hounds the hunter-
troop invades. 1818 Byron ¥uav 1. cxxiii, Tis sweet to
hear the watch-dog’s honest bark Bay deep-mouth’d wel-
come, 1842S. Lover Handy Andy ii, The sound .. awoke
the deep-mouthed dogs around the house.
2. Zt. Having a deep or capacious mouth. rare.
1 Mrs. Browninc Wine of Cyprus ii, Some deep-
mouthed Greek exemplar Would become your Cyprus
wine.
Deepness (d7pnés). Now rare; displaced by
DertH. Forms: see DEEP a.,and -NESS; in ME.
4-5 depnes(se. [OE. déopnes, déopnes, £. déop
DEEP : see -NESS.]
1. The quality of being deep, or of considerable
extension or distance downwards, or inwards ;
depth.
aie Wyciir Matt. xiii. 5 For thei hadde nat depnesse of
erthe. ¢1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 89 Ppou3 pat bei acorden
togidere in depnes & in streitnesse of be moup. 1530 Patscr.
213/1 Depnesse of any thyng, profundité. 1653 H. Cocan
tr, Pinto’s Trav. XLII. 169 A river .. which for the bredth
and deepness of it is frequented with much shipping. 1765
A. Dickson Treat. Agric. (ed. 2) 121 Seeds, many of which,
from their deepness in the earth, will not vegetate. 1823
Scotr Peveril iv, The deepness of his obeisance.
+b. Of ground or roads: cf. DEEP a. 5. Obs,
1603 Knotts (J.), By reason of the deepness of the way
and heaviness of the great ordnance. 1632 Lirucow 77a7.
vi. 292 The deepnesse of the Way. 1780 /part. Hist. War
Amer, 240 [The troops] had suffered excessively from the
severity of the climate, the deepness of the roads.
2. Measurement or dimension downwards, in-
wards, or through; depth.
¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 10, 312 Fyue fot hit
hab of depnes. 1413 Lypa. Péilgr. Sowle Vv. xiv. (1483) 107
‘Ther is no body parke withouten thre dymensions that is
breede lengthe and depnesse. 1551 Recorpr Pathw. Knowl.
1. Defin., As I take it here, the depenesse of his bodie is his
thicknesse in the sides. 1665 Sir T. Herpert 77av. (1677)
252 ‘The deepness of the Sea usually answers to the height
of Mountains. 1703 MaunpreLt Yourn. Ferus. (1732) 138
In deepness they were four yards each.
3. fig. Of thought, knowledge, etc.: Depth;
penetration ; profundity.
a 1000 //ymns iii. 33 (Gr.) Swa beet zeniz ne wat eordbuen-
dra Sa deopnesse Drihtnes mihta. a 1225 Leg. Kath. 980
Pis is nu pe derfschipe of pi dusi onsware, and te deopnes
1340 Ayend, 105 Pe dyepnesse of his zophede. ¢ 1440 Secrees
127 pe clernesse of 30ure wyt & pe depnesse of 30ure
conynge passys all men. 1548-77 Vicary Azat. Ep. Ded.
(1888) 7 We who.. practise in Surgerie, according to the
deepnes of the Arte. 1653 Manton Ex. Yames i. 25 Deep-
ness of Meditation. a@1720 SHerFieLp (Dk. Buckhm.,) IIs.
(1753) I. 271 Deepness of thought. 8
+b. In bad sense: Deep cunning or subtlety.
1526 TinDALE Rev, ii. 24 Vnto you. . which have not knowen
the depnes of Satan. 1646 J. Grecory Notes § Obs. xxvi.
(T.), The greatest deepness of Satan.
4. Of moral qualities, feelings, etc. : Depth, in-
tensity ; gravity.
c1175 Lamb, Hom. 49 Pes put bitacned deopnesse of sunne.
@ 1533 Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) H vi, The
depenesse of good wylles ought to be wonne with the depnes
of the hearte. 1632 Lirncow 7yav. m1. 114 In the deep-
nesse of sorrow.
5. Of physical qualities, etc.: a. Of sound:
Sonorousness, or lowness of pitch. b. Of colour,
etc. : Intensity.
1626 Bacon Sy/va § 852 Heat also dilateth the Pipes, and
Organs, which causeth the Deepnesse of the Voice. 1684
R. H. School Recreat. t1 For Deepness of Cry, the largest
Dogs having the greatest mouths. 1711 BuDGELL Sect.
No. 116 P 3 These [hounds].. by the Deepness of their
Mouths ail the Variety of their Notes. 1822 Scotr Pirate
xx, Her glowing cheek .. in the deepness of its crimson.
+6. concr. A deep place or cavity, an abyss;
a deep part of the sea, etc. Ods.
a 1000 Lamb, Ps, \xviii. 3 (Bosw.) Ic com on deopnysse sz.
¢ 1000 Gosp. Nicod. 24 (Bosw.) On Sere hellican deopnysse.
a 1300 E, E. Psalter \xviii 16 Ne ouerswelyhe me depenes.
1382 Wycuir Ps, cxlviii. 7 Dragonnes, and alle depnessis.
¢ 1440 Promp. Parv. 118 Depenesse of watur, gurges. 1450-
1530 Myrr. our Ladye 203 In heuen & in erthe & in see and
in all depnesses. 1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506)
1. ii, xo The destruccyon and the fallynge into depnes of
al the townes, castelles and cytees of y® world.
Iibeee A depth of thought, feeling, or being.
1340 Ayend. 211 Pe bene bet comb of ~ dyepnesse of be
herte. 1535 CoveRDALE 1 Cor, ii. 10 All thinges yee euen
the depenesses of the Godhead. 1549 Com. Scot. i.21 The
iugement of gode .. is ane profound onk dei;
16*
DEEP-READ.
Deep-read (di‘pire'd), A/a. [DEEP adv. 3.]
Desply seed ; skilled by profound reading.
1639, ASSINGER Unnat. Combat ww. i, A deep-read man.
1790 Burns The Whistle vi, Gallant Sir Robert, deep-read
in old wines. 1822 T. Mitcnett Aristoph. 11. 286 Great
scholars, Deep-read—full to a plethora with knowledge.
Deep-rooted (dip,r#téd), a. [Der adv. 3.]
Deeply rooted orimplanted; chiefly fg., of feelings,
opinions, prejudices, etc.
1669 WoopHEAp St. Teresa 11. xxxiv. 228 Where Vertue is
deep-rooted, occasions work little upon them. 1672 Orway
Titus & B.1. ii, So long establish’d and deep-rooted Love.
1834 PrincLe African Sk. x. Lg Poop Governor's jealousy
.. Was too deep-rooted. 1871 Morey Voltaire (1886) 70
A deep-rooted reverence for truth.
Hence Deep-roo'tedness.
1860 Pusey Min. Proph.go The strength and deeprooted-
ness of the soul in grace.
Deep sea, deep-sea. Also 7 dipsie, dipsy.
The deeper part of the sea or ocean at a distance
from the shore. Used attrib. or as adj.: Of or
belonging to the deep sea.
Deep-sea lead, line, a \ead and line used for soundings in
deep water. Deef-sea fisheries, fisheries prosecuted at a
distance from land, in which the fishermen are absent from
home for a lengthened period.
1626 Capt. Smitu Accid. Yung. Seamen 29 Heaue the lead,
try the dipsie line. 1627 — Seaman's Gram. ix. 43 The
Dipsie line .. is a small Jine some hundred and fifty fadome
long, with a long plummetat the end .. which is first marked
at twenty fadome, and after increased by tens to the end.
1698 Fryer Acc. E, /udia 13 Heaving our Dipsy-lead we
were in soundings eighty Fathom depth. 1769 FALconEeR
Dict. Marine (1789), Sonder, to sound ; to heave the hand-
lead, or deep-sea-lead. 1835 Sir J. Ross Narr. 2nd Voy. iv.
55 We now sounded with the deepsea lead every two hours.
1853 Herscuer Pof, Lect. Sc. ii. § 2 (1873) 48 Among deep-
sea fishes. 1875 J. H. Bennet Winter Medit. 1.v. 128 The
pioneer of deep-sea dredging, the late Edward Forbes. 1880
Wyvitte Tuomson in Rep, Challenger Exp. Zool. 1. 50
Faunz which have successively occupied the same deep-sea.
1887 E. J. Matuer (¢/t/e), Nor’ard of the Dogger: the
story of.. the Mission to Deep Sea Fishermen.
Dee aeerersng (dz-psd-atfin), A/a. [DEEP
adv. 3.\ That searches or penetrates deeply.
1599 Marston Sco. Villanie 1. i. 174 O for some deep-
searching Corycean. a 1643 W. Cartwricut Ordinary i.
iii, He’s nois’d about for a deep-searching head. 1844 Marc.
Futter Wom. 19th C, (1862) 19 The only sermons of a per-
suasive and deep-searching influence.
Deep-seated (d7psitéd), a. [DEEP adv. 3.]
Ilaving its seat far beneath the surface.
1741 Monro Anat. (ed. 3) 5 The deep-seated kind of
Paronychia, 1813 J. ‘THomson Lect. Inflam. 375 A deep-
seated abscess. 1878 HuxLtey Physiogr. 190 The conversion
into steam of water which.. obtains access to the deep-
seated molten rocks.
Jig. 1847 Grote Greece i. xliv. (1862) 1V. 13 Causes, deep-
seated as well as various. 1 Jessorp A rcady ii. 35 The
deep-seated faith in charms and occult lore.
+ Dee’p-seen, z. Oés. [Deep adv. 3.] That
sees or has seen deeply into things.
1597-8 Br. Hatt Sat, iv. i. 170 Some nose-wise pedant ..
whose deepe-sene skil Hath three times construed either
Flaccus ore.
Deep-set (d7pse't), Ap/. a. [DEEP adv. 3.]
Deeply set.
1832 Tennyson Palace of Art xiii, The deep-set windows,
stain'd and traced. 1877 Brack Green Past. iv. (1878) 28
Deep-set keen grey eyes.
+ Dee‘pship. 0s. vave—’. In 3 deopschipe.
[f Deep a.+-sHIp.] Depth, profound mystery.
a12a5 Leg. Kath. 1341 Ha[{=she] Crist cleopede .. and
schawde seodden suteliche pe deopschipe and te derne run
of his dead on rode.
= (dzpsim), a. poetic. rare. [f. DEEP |
. +
a. or sb. +-SoME. Cf. darksome, gladsome.] Having
deepness or depths ; more or less deep.
1615 CHAPMAN Odyss. 1v. 769 He dived the deepsome
watery heaps. 1 Sincteton Virgil 1, 133 The hollow
vales are filled And deepsome glades, Jé:d. I, 218 He
plunged him with a bound Into the deepsome sea,
Deer (die1). Forms; 1 dior, déor, 2-3 deor,
(2 deer), 2-4 der, (2-3 dor, 3 dier, 3-4 duer, 4
dur, 5 dure, deure), 4-6 dere, (4-7 deere, 5, 7
diere, 5- (Sc.) deir, 6-7 deare), 4- deer, (5
theer). //. 1-9 normally same as sing.; also 2
deore, deoran, 2~3 -en; 3-4 deores, dueres,
7-9 occas. deers. [A Comm. Teut. sb.: OE. dfor,
déor = OS. dier, OF ris. diar, dier (MDu. and Du.
and LG. dier), OHG. ior (MHG. “ier, Ger. ter,
thier) :—WG. dior, ON. *djiir (Icel. dyr, Sw. djur,
Da. dyr); Goth. dius, dius-:—OTeut. deuzom:—
pre-Teut. dheuso'm.,
Generally referred to a root dhus to breathe (cf. animal
from anima), and thought by some etymologists to be the
neuter of an adj. used subst. Cf. Deara.®. (Not connected
with Gr, @%p wild beast.)] : “
+1. A beast: usually a quadruped, as distin-
guished from birds and fishes; but sometimes,
like deas¢, applied to animals of lower orders, Ods.
c 950 Lindisf. Gosp. Luke xviii. 25 Se camal pat micla
dear. a 1000 Boeth, Metr. xxvii. 24 Swa swa fuzl
dior. ¢ 1000 AStrric Voc, in Wr.-Wiilcker 118/31 Fera, wild
deor. Bellua, rede deor.. Unicornis, anhyrne deor. 1¥;
O. E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1135 Pais he makede men
dar. ¢ 1200 Ormin 1176 Shepiss. .stilleder, /4/d.1312 Lamb
iss soffte & stille deor. a 1250 Owl & Night. 1321 Al swo
deth mani dor and man, ¢ 1250 Gen, & Ex, 4025 Also leun
N
122
is miztful der. 1481 Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 18 The rybaul
and the felle diere here I se hym comen.
B. plural.
¢ 1000 AELFric Gen. i. 25 And he siz ofer pa deor. ¢ 11
Lamb, Hom. 43 Innan pan ilke sea weren un-ani
deor, summe federfotetd, summe al bute fet. /da?. 115 Pene
bid his erd ihened..on wilde deoran. c 1200 Trin. Coll.
Hom, 177 Oref, and deor, and fishshes, and fugeles. did.
Hie habbed geres after wilde deore. /did. 224 Of
wilde diere. c Gen. & Ex. 4020 On ile brend eft twin
der. bid. 4032 Efte he sacrede deres mor, a@ 1310 in
Wright Lyric P. xiii. 44 Deores with huere derne rounes.
Ibid. xiv. 45 In d with this d i cr
vans Gr. Kt. 1151 Der drof in pe dale. .bot heterly ca
were Restayed with pe stablye.
2. The general name of a family (Cervide) of
ruminant quadrupeds, distinguished by the posses-
sion of deciduous branching horns or antlers, and
by the presence of spots on the young: the various
genera and species being distinguished as rein-deer,
moose-deer, red deer, fallow deer; the MUSK DEER
belong to a different family, A/oschide.
A specific application of the word, which occurs in OE.
only contextually, but became distinct in the ME. period,
beer | its close remained as the usual sense.
[c 893 K. ALFRED Ores, 1. i. (Sw.) 18 He [Ohthere] hafde
pa zyt da he pone cyningc sohte, tamra deora unbebohtra
syx hund. Pa deor hi hatad hranas.] a 1131 [see der fald
in 4). c1z05 Lay. 2586 To huntien after deoren [c 1275
after deores]. 1297 R. Grouc. (Rolls) 7 He let [make]
pe parc of Wodestoke, & der ber inne oo ¢ 1325 Song on
Passion 59 (O. E. Misc.) He was todrawe so
chace.
chase venysoun, For than the deir war in sesoun. c 1420
Anturs of Arth. (Camden) iv, Thay felle to the female dure,
feyful thyk fold. 1
breganderys cueryd wyth whyte deris |
MA ory Arthur x. |xi, He chaced at the reed dere.
Starkey England 1. iii. 98 A dere louyth a lene barren..
ground. 1601 SHAKs. Sul. C. 1. i. 209 Like a Deere,
strocken by many Princes. 1611 Coryvat Crudities 10
A goodly Parke .. wherein there is Deere. 1774 GotpsM.
Nat. Hist. (1776) 111, 80 An hog, an ox, a goat, or a deer.
1855 Loncr. //iaw, 1. 169 Where the red deer herd to-
gether.
b. occasional plural deers.
¢1275 [see 1205 in prec.]. 1674 N. Cox Gent/. Recreat. 11.
(1677) 58 The reasons why Harts and Deers do lose their
Horns yearly. 1769 Home Fatal Discov. 1, Stretch’d on the
skins of deers. ¢ 1817 Hoc Zales & Sk. 11. 8g The place of
rendezvous, to which the deers were to be driven.
+c. Deer of ten: a stag of ten, i.e. one having
ten points or tines on his horns; an adult stag of
five years at least, and therefore ‘warrantable’ or
fit to be hunted. Ods.
163r Massincer Emp. of East w. ii, He will make you
royal sport, He is a deer Of ten, at the least.
3. Small deer: a phrase originally, and perhaps
still by Shakspere, used in sense 1; but now
humorously associated with sense 2.
14.. Sir Beues (1885) p. 74/2 (MS.C.) Ratons & myse and
soche smale dere, That was hys mete that vii yere. se
Suaxs. Lear ut. iv. 144 But Mice, and Rats, and suc!
small Deare, Haue bin Toms food, for seuen long yeare.
1883 G. ALLEN in Colin Clout's Calender 14 Live mainly
upon worms, slugs, and other hardy small deer,
transf. 1857 H. Reep Lect, Eng. Poets x. 11. 17 The small
deer that were herded together by Johnson as the most
eminent of English poets.
4. attrib. and Comb., as deer bed, herd, -hide,
-heeper, kind, life, -sinew, -snaring, etc. ; deer-like,
deer-loved adjs. (Several already in OE., as déor-
ur islawe in
- 1470-85
Jfald an enclosure or cage for wild beasts in the
amphitheatre, or for beasts of the chase, a deer-
park, déor-edisc deer-park, déor-net net for wild
animals, etc.]
1835 W. Irving Tour Prairies xi, The tall grass was
pressed down into numerous *‘deer beds’, where those
animals had couched, a@ 1000 Ags. Gloss, in Wr.-Wiilcker
201 Cauea, domus in theatro, “deorfald. axt31 O. £.
Chron, an, 1123 Se king rad in his der fald [at Wudestoke].
1860 G. H. K. Fac. Tour. 123 Peaks..where the scattered
remnants of the great “deer herds can repose in security.
1814 Scorr Ld. of Isles 11, xix, Goat-skins or “deer-hides
o'er them cast, 1849 James Woodman vii, 1 have got my
“deer-keepers watching, 1875 Lye. Princ. Geol. Il. m1.
xxxix. 359 Animals of the “deer kind, 1860 G. H. K. Vac.
Tour, 122 The shepherds..see a good deal of *deer life.
1840 Mrs. Norton Dream 127 The dark, “deer-like eyes.
1876 Gro. Exiot Dan, Der. IV. liv. 114 Deer-like shyness.
1831 Lytton Godolph. 23 The *deer-loved fern. ¢ 1000
fEvrric Voc, in Wr.-Wiilcker 167 Cassis, “deornet, 1856
Kane Arct. Expl. Il. vii. 4) ‘o walk up Mary River
Ravine until we reach the *deer-plains. 1866 KincsLry
Herew., I. vi. 178 Sea-bows of horn and *deer-sinew, 1862
S. Sr. Joun Forests Far Fast 11.34, 1 have been out *deer-
snaring in this neighbourhood.
b. Special comb. : deer-brush, an American
shrub in Arizona; deer-cart, the covered cart in
which a tame stag to be hunted is carried to the
meet; deer-dog = DrER-HouND; deer-drive,
a shooting expedition in which the deer are driven
past the sportsman ; so deer-driving ; deer-eyed
a., having eyes like deer, having soft or languid
eyes; deer-fence, a high railing such as
cannot leap over; deer-flesh, venison; deer-
forest, a ‘ forest’ or extensive track of unenclosed
wild land reserved for deer; + deer-goat, an old
name for the capriform or —. antelopes ; deer-
grass, species of Rhexia (N,O, Me/astomacee) ;
1375 Barsour Bruce vu. 497 [He] went..to pur-
Mann. & Househ. or 195 Apayr |
er,
1538 |
DEER-HOUND,
deer-leap, a lower place in a —* fence where
deer may leap; deer-meat = seeks, Com
neck, a thin neck (of a horse) resembling a deer’s ;
deer-park, a park in which deer are — ; tdeer-
reeve, a township officer in New England in the
colonial days, whose duty it was to execute the
laws as to deer; deer-plain, a plain inhabited by
deer ; deer-saddle, a saddle on which a slain deer
is carried away; deer’s eye = Buck-EYE (the tree);
deer’s foot (grass), the fine grass Agrostis setacea ;
deer’s hair = DEER-HAIR ; deer’s milk, a local
name of the wood spurge, Luphorbia amygdaloides ;
deer’s tongue, deer-tongue, a N. American
Cichoraceous plant, Liatris odoratissima; deer-
tiger, the puma or cougar; deer-yard, an open
spot where deer herd, and where the ground is
trodden _ them.
W. H. Bisxop in Harper's M
**deer brush’ resembles horns. 1840 Hoop Uf the Rhine
186 The hearse, very like a “deer-cart. 1814 Ld.
Isles vy. xxiii, Many a *deer-dog howl'd around.
Society 21 Oct. 19/1 Setting out for a “deer-drive. 1860 G.
H. K. Vac. Tour. 143 Mr. Scrope..was a great hand at
*deer-driving. 1884 & Victoria More Leaves 14 The gate
of the *deer-fence. a 1300 Cursor M. 3603 (Cott.) If poume
*dere flesse [v.7. venisun] ani gete. 1854 Act 17-8 Vict.c. 91
§ 42 Where such shootings or *deer forests are actually let.
1892 E. Weston Bett Scot. Deerhound 80 Probably not
more than twenty deer forests, i as such, were in
existence prior to the beginning of the present century. 1607
‘Torsett Four. Beasts (1658) 93 Of the first kinde of Trage-
laphvs which may be called a *Deer-goat. 1693 Sir T. P.
Biount Nat. Hist. 30 The Deer-Goat .. being partly like a
deer partly like a Goat. 1866 77eas. Bot. ae Low peren-
nial often bristly herbs, commonly called *Deer-grass, or
Meadow-beauty, [with] large showy cymose flowers. 1540-2
Act 31 Hen. VIII, c. 5 To make “dere leapes and breakes
in the sayde hedges and fences. 1838 James Rodéder i, In
front appeared a *deer-park. 1860 G. H. K. Vac. Tour. 172
It is no light business to get our big stag..on the *deer
saddle. 1762 J. Crayton Flora Virginica 57 Afsculus
ag. Mar. s502/2 The
Sloribus octandris Linn. .. *Dear's Bye, aot ucks Eyes.
the lily-
1883 Century Mag. XXVI. 383 Among
tongue, and other aquatic plants. 1880 7th Rep. Surv.
Adirondack Reg. N. Y,. 159 We reached an open forest
pl on the mc in, where we were surprised to find
a *‘deer-yard’. Here the deep snow was tramped down by
deer into a broad central level area.
Deerberry (dix1be:ri). A name given to the
berry or succulent fruit of several North American
procumbent shrubs or herbs, esp. of Gau/theria
procumbens (N.O. Ericacew), commonly called
Winter-green in U.S. Also of Vaccinium stami-
neum, also called Squaw Huckleberry, and Ait-
chella repens (N.O. Cinchonacee), a creeping herb,
widely distributed in America. The name is also
sometimes applied to the plants themselves.
1862 Chambers’ Encycl. 649. 1866 Treas. Bot, 522 The
etre Scorn = Known by = | as
artridge-berry, uer-berry, r-berry, ea- A x=
berry, and afford winter food to partridges, deer, other
pads, *deer-
Of the colour of a deer ;
1611 Cotcr., Blond. . bright tawnie, or deer-coloured. 1688
Lond. Gaz. No. 2408/4 A brown Gelding [with] .. Deer-
coloured Haunches. 1746-7 Mrs. Detany A utodbiog. (1861
II. 447 A flowered silk ..on a pale deer-coloured figu
ground.
Deer(e, obs. f. Dear, and DERE v., to injure.
Dee‘r-hair, deer’s hair.
1. The hair of deer,
1494 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. ag Coin stuffed with Horse
hair. . Deers-hair, and Goats-hair.
2. The common name in Scotland and north of
England of a small moorland species of club-rush,
Scirpus cxespitosus.
1772-8 Licutroor Flora Scot. (1789) Il. 1080 (App.)
Scirpus caspitosus Deer's Hair Scotis australibus. ax
Laika the pot, ‘Tes torent and the tiaardlatader thal pros,
ie ie .
sax6 Score Old Mert. 1, Moss, lichen, and deer-halr ere
fast covering those stones, a . Jounston Nat. Hist.
E. Borders 203 Deer's Hair. ndantly on all our moors,
+ Dee'r-hay. Ods. [f. Dern + Hay, a net set
round an animal’s haunt.} A net set for the cap-
ture of deer.
1503 Act 19 Hen. VII, c. 11 The greatest Destruction of
Red and Fallow..is with Nets called Deer-hays and
Buck-stalls. 1598 MAnwoop Lawes Forest xviii. § 9 (1615)
135 1796 Sporting Mag. VIII. ay Tees a buck ina
deer-hayes, or net, is not unfrequent in parks.
Dee d. <A dog of a breed used for
hunting red-deer, a stag-hound ; particularly, one
_of a Scottish breed, a large variety of the rough
greyhound, standing 28 inches or more.
(1814 Scorr War. lxuii, Two grim and half-starved deer
lg tec 1818 W. H. Scorr Brit. Field S; 384 -
‘ew Packs of Deer Hounds are now k 1838 W, Scrorr
Deerstalking xii. 260 The deerhound is kno
names of Irish wolfhound, Irish
hound, and Scotch greyhound.
(Bohn) 121 The Highland
greyhounds, or deerh
hi i i ipathy to
Te a a ee ae i Ti Anton
Deerricide. nonce-wd. [f. DEER+-c1DE.] The
killing or killer of a deer,
DEER-KIN.
1832 J. R. Horz-Scorrin R. Ornsby AZemz, (1884) I. 41, The
second [day] crowned with the above-mentioned deericide.
+ Dee’r-kin. Ods. In 2-3 -cyn, -cen. [See
Kiy.] _Beast-kind as distinct from man.
a 1175 Cott. Hom, 221 Niatenu and deor-cen and fu3el-cyn.
Ibid. 225 Of diercynne and of fugel cynne. c 1250 Gen. §
£x. 556 And ouer-flow3ed men & deres-kin. ,
Deerlet (diesét). [See -LEr.] A little or
tiny deer. In mod Dicts,
Dee‘r-lick. A small spring or spot of damp
ground, impregnated with salt, potash, alum, or
the like, where deer come to lick.
1876 R. L. Price 7wo Americas (1877) 217 A deer-lick is
a small a of saline or sulphur-impregnated water, to
which. .all the deer in the country for miles and miles will
come to ‘liquor up’, 1890 HALLETT 1000 miles 362 ‘The
place is a deer-lick, and the caravans of cattle which passed
«so enjoyed licking the puddles, that they could hardly be
driven from the place. 2
Dee'r-mouse. The popular name of certain
American mice; esp. the widely-distributed white-
footed mouse (Hesperomys leucopus) brown above
and white beneath; also the common jumping-
mouse (Zapus hudsonius), so called from _ its
agility.
1884-90 Cassell’s Nat, Hist. 111. 111 The white-footed, or
Deer Mouse..is perhaps the best known of all the species,
and its varieties, or rather local permanent races, are dis-
tributed all over the continent of North America.
+ De-errr, v. Obs. rare—'. [ad. L. deerrare to
wander off, f. De- I 2 + evrare to wander, stray.]
intr, To go astray, diverge.
1657 Tomuinson Renou’s Disp. 108 That it may deerre into
the breast. 7
Dee'rskin. The skin of a deer, especially
as a material for clothing. Also attrib.
1 Will of Wodehous (Commissary Crt.), Meam togam
blod’ cum furrure & vn deriskyn. 1751 JoHNson Rambler
No. 187 3 [She] laid aside from that hour her white deer
skins. 1820 Scott Afonast. xiv, In his home-spun doublet,
blue cap, and deerskin trousers. 1876 BAncrorr Hist, U.S.
IL. xxxiv. 362 Dressed. -each in a large deerskin.
Dee'r-sta:lker. [See Sra. v.]
1, One who stalks deer; a sportsman who fur-
tively approaches the deer, so as to get within
shooting-distance without being discovered.
1875 }. H. Bennet Winter Medit. 1. vii. 189 Reached by
Scottish deer-stalkers and hardy mountaineers. 1885 BLAck
White Heather ii, The smartest deer-stalker and the best
trainer of dogs in Sutherlandshire. ;
2, Name given to a low-crowned close-fitting
hat fit to be worn by deer-stalkers.
1881 Cheg. Career 135 In the winter a ‘ billycock’ or ‘deer-
stalker’ is considered quite dressy enough,
So Dee'r-sta:‘lking v#/. si.
1816 Scott B/. Dwarf ii, On his return from deer-stalking.
1885 New Bk. Sports 20 There is no sport in the world
about which more nonsense is talked than deer-stalking.
1885 Biack White Heather i, Clad in a smart deer-stalking
costume, b
Dee‘r-stea:ler. A poacher who kills and
steals deer. So Dee‘r-stea:ling vd/. sd.
c1640 J. SmitH Lives Berkeleys (1883) I]. 296 Old
notorious deerestealers, 1679-88 Secr. Serv. Money Chas.
JI & Fas. IT (Camden) 75 To discover dear-stealers and
trespassers within the said forest. 1714 MANDEVILLE Fad.
Bees (1725) I. 172 He promises never to be a deer-stealer,
upon condition that he shall have venison of his own. 1710
Lond, Gaz. No. 4702/2 Leave. .to bring in a Bill to prevent
Dear-stealing. 1818 Scorr Hrt. Midd. xxxiii, Among smug-
glers and deer-stealers.
Deerth, obs. form of DEARTH.
Deese, sd. dial. A place where herrings are
dried.
1682 J. Cottins Salt § Fishery 67 That they be suddenly
ut into the Deese, and well or sufficiently Deesed. ay Fe
ALLIWELL, Dees, a place where herrings are dried, Last
Sussex. 1875 Parisu Sussex Gloss., Deese, a place where
paenins are dried, now more generally called a herring-hang,
from the fish being on sticks to dry.
Deese, v. dal. [f.prec.] ¢vans. To dry (her-
rings). ence Dee‘’sing-room.
1682 J. Cortins Salt §& Fishery 66 The worser sort .. are
deesed over a Wood-fire, and are thereby dried and rendered
. -Red-Herrings. Ibid. 124 Dried .. on Racks in a Fire or
Deesing-roome.
+ Devess, deesse. Ods. [a. F. déesse (12the.),
variant, influenced by L. dea, of dieuesse, fem. of
dieu god. Cf. Pr, dewessa, dinessa, Sp. diosa, Pg.
deosa. See -E88.] A goddess.
_ 1549 Compl. Scot, 1. x1 Ane fayr ymage of the deesse
iuno. 1685 Br. H. Crorron Burnet’s Th. Earth Pref. A vij
(T.), He does so much magnifie Nature. .that he hath made
her a kind of joint deess with God. 1698 VANBRUGH Esop
3, 285 Wks. (2893) I. 169 The Déesse who from Atropos’s
breast preserves The names of heroes and their actions.
Dees(se, obs. forms of Dats, Dice,
Deet, Sc. f. died; see Dix v,
Deeth, obs. form of DreatH,
De-e'thicize, v. [Dr- Il. 1.] ¢rans. To
deprive of its ethical character; to separate from
ethics. Hence De-e’thicized ///. a., De-e'thi-
cizing vi/. sb., De-ethiciza‘tion.
1887 Boyp Carrenter Perm. Elem. Relig. v. § 2 (1891)
188 Religionism is the shadow of religion .. its effect is to
de-ethicize religion. 1890 W.S. Litty Right & Wrong, The
newspaper press. .has done more than any thing else to de-
ethicise public life. 1890 Guardian 30 Apr, rae Suspicion
123
of that demoralising (or epi tendency. 1893
Fairsairn Christ in Mod. Theol. 405 Vhe invariable ten-
dency in Metaphysics is to the de-ethicization of deity.
Deeve, obs. form of DEAF, DEAVE v.
Deevil, dial. var. of Devin.
Deewan: see Dewan. Def, obs, f. Duar.
Deface (difzi:s), v. Also 4 defaas, 5 defface,
defase, difface, 6 dyfface. [a. obs. F. deface-r,
earlier deffacer, orig. desfacter, f. des-, dé- (DE- 6)
+face Face sb. Cf. It. sfacciare.]
1. ¢vans. To mar the face, features, or appear-
ance of; to spoil or ruin the figure, form, or beauty
of ; to disfigure.
To deface coin includes the stamping on a legally current
coin of any name or words other than those impressed on it ;
made illegal by Act 16 & 17 Vict. c. 102.
¢ 1374 CHaucer Troylus v. 915 And clepe A-yen pe beute
of your face, That ye with salte Teeris so deface. 1430
Lypc. Chron. Troy 11. xxvii, But in her rage to the kinge
she ran..So diffaced and rewefull of her sight That by her
hewe knoweth her no wyht. 1555 Epen Decades 48 The
hole woorke. .defaced with blottes and interlynynge. 1579
Lyty Luphues (Arb.) 39 One yron Mole, defaceth the
whole peece of Lawne. 71661 in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS.
Comm. App. v. 7 Lucas..cut downe all the trees about the
Castle, which utterly defaced the seat. 1716 Lapy M. W.
Monracu Let. ro Oct, (1887) I. 130 There are some few
heads of ancient statues; but several of them are defaced
by modern additions. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) IV. 497
A deed. .is..cancelled, by tearing off the seals, or otherwise
defacing it. 1848 Macautay //7st. Eng. 1. 160 Fine works
of art and curious remains of antiquity, were brutally
defaced. :
b. fig. (of things immaterial).
¢1325 Deo Gratias 70 in E. E. P. (1862) 126 pi vertues let
no fulpe defaas, c 1450 Crt. of Love iii, Minerva, guide me
with thy grace, That language rude my matter not deface.
1509 Fisher un. Sernt. C’tess Richmond Wks. (1876) 290
A noblenes of maners, withouten whiche the noblenes of
bloode is moche defaced. 1656 Hospes Liberty, Necess.
& Chance (1841) 286 Those readers whose judgments are
not defaced with the abuse of words. 1706 Appison Poems,
Rosamond 1. iv, How does my constant grief deface ‘The
pleasures of this happy place! 1878 P. Bayne Purit. Rev.
1. 5 Every religion. .will be more or less defaced by error.
2. To destroy, demolish, lay waste. Ods.
1494 Fasyan Chron. vi. clxxx. 178 ‘The cytie of Mayn-
chester, that sore was defaced with warre of the Danys.
1568 GraFton Chron. II. 751 They woulde. .race, and clerely
deface the walles, toures, and portes of the Castell. 1575
Cuurcuyarp Chzppes (1817) 148 Now cleane defaste the
goodly buildings fayre. 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa 1. 29
The Portugals erected a fortresse, which their king after-
ward commanded them to deface, 1632 Lirucow 7¥av. 11.
47 Croatia. .then by lawlesse, and turbulent souldiers, was
miserably defaced. 1871 R. Exiis Catzuddus Ixvi. 12 Hotly
the King to deface outer Assyria sped.
3. To blot out, obliterate, efface (writing, marks).
1340 Ayenb, 191 Hi lokede..ine hare testament and hi
yze3 pe bousend pond defaced of hire write. ¢ 1400 MAuNDEV.
(Roxb.) xxv. 117 When pis monee es waxen alde, and pe
prynte peroff defaced by cause of vsyng. 1483 Caxton
Gold. Leg. 333/2 The lyon. .defaceth his traces and stappes
with his taille whan he fleeth. 1587 FLeminc Contn. Holin-
shed 11. 1372/1 To deface a letter, which he was then in
writing ..in cipher. 1646 Sir T, Browne Psend. Ef. 1. iv,
To deface the print of a cauldron in the ashes. 1692
Bentiey Boyle Lect. i. 4 In Characters that can never be
defaced, 1839 Miss Mirrorp in L’Estrange Zz III. vii.
too The beginning of this letter is irreparably defaced.
b. fig. To blot out of existence, memory, thought,
etc.; to extinguish.
©1386 Cuaucer Clerk's T. 454 This wyl is in myn herte
and ay shal be No lengthe of tyme or deeth may this deface.
1430 Lypc. Min. Poems (1840) 198 (Matz.) Than comyth
astorm and doth his lihte difface. 1570'T. Norton tr. Vowel’s
Catech, (1853) 160 Defacing with everlasting forgetfulness
the memory of our sins. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. m1. iii. 1,
For want of issue they [families] are defaced in an instant.
1709 Pore Ess. Crit. 25 By false learning is good sense
defac’d. 1796 [see Dreracep].
+4. To destroy the reputation or credit of ; to
discredit, defame. Odés.
1529 More Dyaloge 1. Wks. 109/1 To deface that holy
worke, to the ende, that they might seme to haue some iust
cause to burne it. 1548 Was Erasm, Par. Pref, 11 To
bryng hym out of credite, todeface hym, 1570 Levins 7/16
To Deface, dehonestare. 1600 E. Biount tr. Conestaggio
223 Reasons to deface the Dukes merits. 1641 Prynne
Antip. Pp x, Iohn White .. would have defaced Queene
Elizabeth gladly, if hee durst, in his Funerall Sermon of
Queene Mary, whom he immoderately extolled.
+5. To put out of countenance; to outface,
abash. Obs.
537 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 143 There stode
-.Parret..and his face flatt ageynst for to deface me.
¢ 1570 Lavy Huncerrorp ¢o W. Darrell in H. Hall Eliz.
Soc. (1887) 253 Seeke oute what possabell may be to deface
and sinpeore those varlettes that soo vily hathe yoused us.
+6. To outshine by contrast, cast in the shade.
¢ 1890 Greene /r. Bacon xvi. 48 So rich and fair a bud,
whose brightness shall deface proud Phoebus flower. 1639
tr. Du Bosg’s Compl. Woman C ij, Women who .. put on
many diamonds... make them contemplate their jewels ..
The luster of the flash they give, defaceth that of their own
hue. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. I. 14e The Aurora Borealis
.-not to be defaced even by the splendour of the full moon,
+ Defa‘ce, sd. Ods. [f. prec.] Defacement.
1556 J. Heywoop Spider § F. Ixi. 5 That trewth trewlie
might appere without deface. 3 SACKVILLE Compl. Dk.
Buckhm. xix. Wks. (1859) 130 Yet God. . At last descries them
to your sad deface, You see the examples set before your face.
1601 CuEestEeR Love's Mart. (1878) 61 His fathers his
Mothers Countries grace, His honors Badge, his cruell foes
|
DEFATL.
deface. ¢ 1611 Carman //iad vi. 298 He hath been born,
and bred to the deface, By great Olympius, of Troy.
Defaceable (d/fé''sab’l), a. [-asLx.] Liable
to or capable of defacement.
1889 Bookseller Feb. 146/2 A nickel coin. .[is] not so easily
defaceable as ordinary bullion.
Defaced (d#féi'st), pf/. a. [-rp1.] Disfigured,
marred, destroyed, blotted out, etc.: see DEFACE.
1776 Avam Smitu W, N, 1. v. (1869) I. 43 One-and-twenty
worn and defaced shillings. 1796 Burke Regic. Peace 1.
Wks. VIII. 83 With defaced manufactures, with a ruined
commerce, 1845-6 TrencH //u/s. Lect. Ser. 1. iv. 57 The
idea of a..defaced and yet not wholly effaced image of God
in man. 1860 ‘TynpALL Glac. 1. ix. 61 Defaced statuary.
Hence Defa‘cedness.
1668 Howe Bless. Righteous (1825) 109 To recover the de-
facedness of God: to be again made like him, as once I was.
Defa‘cement. [f. Drerace v.+-menT.] The
action or process of defacing ; the fact or state of
being defaced ; concr. a disfigurement.
1561 T. Norton Calvin's [ust. 1. xi. (1634) 38 It cannot be
done without some defacement of his glory. 1622 Bacon
Hen. VIT, 55 In defacement of his former benefits. 1630
Naunton /ragm. Reg. (Arb.) 64 Modesty in me forbids the
defacements 4 Men departed. 1664 H. More A/yst, Jz.
566 Such disorderly breaches are a great defacement of the
lustre of the Protestant Reformation .. which .. was the
special work of God. 1796 Burke Regic. Peace iii, Wks.
VIII. 310 Amidst the recent ruins and the new defacements
of his plundered capital. 1878 P. Bayne Pur. Rev. i. 8 The
removal of their excrescences and defacements. 1885 J/anch.
Exam. 23 May 5/1 The defacement of French copper coins
.. by having an advertisement stamped upon them.
Defacer (d/féi'so1). [f. as prec. +-ER1.] One
who or that which defaces.
1534 in Froude //ist. Eng. ix. 1]. 320 The most cruellest
capital heretic, defacer and treader under foot of Christ and
his church. 1611 Speep //7st. Gt. Brit. 1x. ix. (1632) 625
Clippers and defacers of his Coyne. 1613 Suaxs. Hen. V///,
v. ill. 41 Nor is there liuing..A man that more detests.. De-
facers of a publique peace then I doe. 1876 M. Arnotp
Lit. & Dogma 120 A defacer and disfigurer of moral treasures
which were once in better keeping.
Defacing (déféisin), vd/. sd. [-1NG1.] The
action of the verb Dreracr: defacement.
ex400 Test. Love 1. (1560) 273/1 ‘The defacing to you is
verily imaginable. 1543-4 Act 35 Hen. VIL, c. 10 For
satisfaction of any suche breakyng and defacyng of the
grounde. 1631 WEEVER Aunc. Jun, Alon. 50 Proclamation
-against defacing of Monuments. @1718 Penn V'racts
Wks. 1726 I. 686 To preserve them from the Defacings of
‘Time. 1871 R. Exuis Catuddus |xviii. 171 So your house-
hold names no rust nor seamy defacing Soil this day.
Defa‘cing, ///. a. [-1nc*.] That defaces ;
disfiguring ; + destroying, ete.
1583 M. Roypon Commend. Verses in Watson Poems (Arb.)
35 Reproofe with his defacing crewe ‘Treades vnderfoote
that rightly should aspyre. 1886 Ruskin /rwvterita 1. vi.
176 The defacing mound [at Waterloo] was not then built.
1887 7ties 27 Aug. 10/2 He asks for a removal of the de-
facing advertisements.
Hence Defa‘cingly adv., in a defacing manner.
1847 in Craic.
De facto: see DE I. 3.
+ Defade, v. Ols. Also 4 diff-, 5 dyff-. Pa.
t. and pple. in Sc. defaid, -fayd. [prob. repre-
senting an OF. or AF. *defader, f. des-, de- (DE- I.
3, 6) + OF. fader: see Fave v.]
1. intr. To lose freshness or fairness ; to fade away.
c1325 Song of Yesterday 8 in LE. E. P. (1862) 133 Pei wene
heore honoure and heore hele Schal euer last and neuer
diffade. ?a1400 Morte Arth. 3304 Now es my face defadide,
and foule is me hapnede. 1470-85 Matory Arthur x. Ixxxvi,
A Palomydes..why arte thow dyffaded thou that was wonte
to be called one of the fayrest kny3tes of the world. 1513
Doucias 42neis x1. ii. 34 His schene cullour, and figur glaid
1s nocht all went, nor his bewte defayd. 1570 Levins 9/1 To
Defade, deficere. ;
2. trans. To cause to fade; to deprive of lustre,
freshness, or vigour ; cf. FADE v. 3.
1423 Jas. I Kingis Q. clxx, All thing. . That may thy 3outh
oppressen or defade. c1440 Hytton Scala Perf. (W.de W.
1494) 11. xii, Beholde me not that I am swart for the sonne
hath defaded me, 1461 Liber Pluscard. x1. viii. (Hist. Scot.
VII. 383).
Defecate, -cation : see DEFECATE, -CATION.
Defaict, obs. form of Dereat, DErecr.
Defaik, obs. Sc. form of DEFALK.
+ Defai'l, v. Ovs. [a. F. défaill-ir (Ch. de
Roland, rith c.) = Pr. defalhir, OCat. defallir: f.
De- 3 + fallire, Rom. repr. of L. fa/léve: see Fai. ]
1. zntr. Used in various senses of Fain v. (the
prefix adding little to the force of the word): a.
To be or become absent or wanting (0 a person, or
with dative); b. To lose vigour, become weak,
decay; ¢. Zo defail of: to lack, want.
13.. SHoREHAM Ps, xxii[i}. 1 in Wyclif’s Bible I. Pref.
Nothyng shal defailen to me. 1340 Ayend. 33 Efterward
comp werihede bet makeb pane man weri and worsi uram
daye to daye al huet he is al recreyd and defayled. 1382
Wycur Deut, xxviii. 32 Thin eyen .. satestyngs at the sizt
of hem al day. a@1420 Hocctrve De Reg. Princ. 3525
Whether supposest thow bette that noblesse Begynne in me,
or noblesse and honour Defaile in the? ¢1440 York Myst.
xxviii. 146 If all othir for-sake be I schall neuere fayntely
defayle pe. 148 Caxton Myrr. 11, vi, 1440 Whan the mone
--cometh right bytwene vs and the sonne, thenne.. the
mone taketh and reteygneth the lyght of the sonne on
hye, so that it semeth to ys that is defaylled. 1490
Eneydos xiii, 48 Her speche deffaylleth alle sodeynly and
16*-2
DEFAILANCE.
can not kepe pu necountenaunce. 1556 Aurelio & Isab.
N iv, I forcede of love, defailinge of g: jugemente, dis-
cover myne illes to her.
2. trans. To cause to fail; to defeat.
1608 Macuin Dumb Knight 1. (1633) B iv, Which to with-
stand I boldly enter thus, And will defaile, or else prove
recreant.
Hence + Defai‘ling vd/. sd.
1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1 7) iv. xxix. 331 The
fourth lettynge is be hi Ade of wytte humayne. 1580 Hot-
LyBanD Treas., Defaillance langueur, defayling, languor.
Defai‘lance, - . Obs. Also 7-8
-fail(l)iance. [a. F. défaillance, f.défaill-ir : see
-ANCE.] Failing, failure.
1603 Fiorito Montaigne u. vi. (1632) 207 So great a. .deffail-
ance of senses [as in fis). 1613-18 Danie Coll. Hist. Eng.
(1626) 55 He had a fayre Title, by the defaillance of issue.
1668 Sir W. Water Div. Medit. (1839) 42 In the defail-
liance of all these transitory comforts. @1677 Barrow
Serm. Wks. 1716 II. 57 By transgression of his laws and de-
failance in duty. 1727 A. Hamutton New Acc. E. Ind. I.
xxxviii. 206 Those Eastern Desperadoes are very faithful
where. . Covenants are duly observed when made with them,
but in Defailiance, they are revengeful and cruel. :
+ Defai‘llancy. Os. rare. [f..as prec. with
suffix -aAncy.] Failure.
1649 Jer. TayLor Gt. E-xemp. u. be Our life is full of
defaillancies. 1689 Def. Liberty agst. Tyrants 144 Neither
can the others defaillancy [frinted defalliancy] be excused,
in the bad managing of the tutorship. .
+ Defai‘lment. 0Oés. [a. obs. F. dfaillement
(Cotgr.), f. défaillir: see -MENT.] Failure.
1612 Proc. Virginia in Capt. Smith's Wks. (Arb.) 89 All
the world doe see a defailement. 1624 Carr. Smitx Virginia
ut. xi. 88 We... sent him for England, with a true relation
of the causes of our defailments. 1652-62 HeyLin Cosmogr.
To Radr. (1674) A iij, After the defailment of his Projects.
+ Defai'lure. Ods. rare. [f. Dera z. after
failure: see -URE.] Failure.
a 1677 Barrow Pope's Suprem. (1687) 272 Why may not
the Successour of Peter, no less than the Heir of Adam,
suffer a defaileur of Jurisdiction? 1753 L. M.tr. Du Bosy's
Accompl. Woman I. 69 Who is there that thinks he shall
die by defailure of strength?
Defaisance, obs. form of DEFEASANCE.
Defait(e, obs. forms of DEFEAT.
Defaite, defate, pp/. a. Sc. [Sc. form of defeat
for defeated: cf. DEFEIT.] Defeated, vanquished.
1597 Montcomerte Cherrie & Slae 1255 For he esteemt
his faes defate, Quhen anes he fand them fald. 1814 Savon
& Gael 1. 96 (Jam.) A’ defaite thegither.
+ Defa‘leable, «. Obs. vave—1. [f. med.L. de-
falcare (see below) + -BLE.] Liable to be deducted.
1622 Sir R. Boyte Diary (1886) II. 43 He had paid and
disbursed for me defalcable on his accompt 714! 17% 64, _
+ Defa‘lcate, #//. 2. Obs. [ad. med.L. défal-
cat-us, pa. pple. of défalcare : see next.] Curtailed,
diminished.
1531 Etyor Gov. u. x, All thoughe philosophers in the
description of vertues haue deuised to set them as it were in
degrees .. yet be nat these in any parte defalcate of their
condigne praises.
Defalcate (difx'lkeit), v. Also 6-7 -at. [f.
défalcat-, ppl. stem of med.L. défalcdre (see Du
Cange), f. Dr- I. 1,2 + L. falx, fal-em sickle,
reaping-hook, scythe. Cf. F. défalquer (14th c. in
Littré), Sp. defalcar, It. diffalcare.]
+1. trans. To cut or lop off (a portion from
a whole) ; to retrench, deduct, subtract, abate.
1540-1 E_yor /mage Gov. (1549) 25 He shall defalcate that
thyng that semeth superfluouse. x61 Speen Hist. Gt. Brit.
Ix. vill. § 54 Rather. . then to defalcate any jot of their couetous
demaunds. 1624 F. Wuite Repl. Fisher 496 To defalcate
a substantiall part. 1653 Manton £xf. Yames ii. 1o Man
is not .. to defalcate and cut off such a considerable part of
duty at his own pleasure. 1721 Srryve ccd. Mem. U1. xxiv.
450 Those that had accounts to make to the king .. used to
defalcate a part and put it into their own pockets. 1755
Macens /usurances 1. 439 Defalcating from the Money due
to the English, the Sum which his Subjects demanded for
their Indemnification. 180 Bentuam Packing (1821) 195
The least desire to see defalcated any the least particle of
abuse from a F foreal composed shelly of abuse. 1817 —
Plan of Parl. Reform cccxvi.
+2. To take or deduct a part from; to curtail,
reduce. Ods.
a 1690 E. Hopkins Exp. Ten Commandm. (R.), To .. de-
falcate, and as it were to decimate the laws of the at
God. 19712 Pripeaux Direct. Ch.-wardens (ed. 4) 90 Such
an one shall.. be defalcated all those Particulars in his
Account, where the Fraud appears. 1793 W. Roperts
Looker-on No. 66 ® 2 If it [the mind] were defalcated and
reduced. 1817 BentHam Ch.-of/-Englandisme (1818) 386 Let
all pay..be defalcated, and applied to the real exigencies of
the State. } * .
b. To diminish or lessen in luminosity, heat, etc.
1808 Hearscuet in PAI. Trans. XCVIIL. 156 Both phases
appear to me sufficiently defalcated, to prove that the comet
did not shine by light reflected from the sun only.
3. intr. To commit defalcations; to misappro-
priate property in one's charge.
1864 in ag 1888 Daily News 23 a” 5/1 Head
clerks have defalcated. 18g Law Times XCIIL. 19/1 The
secretary of the society having defalcated, and being threat-
ened .. with criminal ings.
(difeelkz''fon), [ad. med.L, dé
falcation-em, n. of action from défalcare: see prec.
So mod.F, défalcation (18th c. in Hatzf.).]
+1. Diminution or reduction by taking away a
part; cutting down, abatement, curtailment. Ods.
124
1476 Will of Sir . Crosby, An equall defalcacion or diminu-
cion — eeiiaiee penny pennylike and rate ratelike
of all the aforesaide. 1526 1
corrected .. by the checking
x61x Spee “Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xii. (1632) 685 This treason-
able defalcation and weakening of the royall meanes. 1650
Fuier Pisgah 412 In such defalcation of measures or
allotted, he shewed little courtship to his master the Em-
perour. 1712 Appison Sect. No. 488 P 2 The Tea Table
shall be set forth every Morning with its Customary Bill of
Fare, and without any manner of defalcation. _
b. sfec. Reduction of an account, claim, etc., by
the amount of a counter-account or claim, allowed
as a set-off.
1622 Matynes Anc. Law-Merch. 117 The Factor is to
haue the benefit of the Salt in defalcation of the said fraight.
By C. Huston in Houk v. Foley 2 Pen. & W. (Pa.) 250
(Cent.) Defalcation is setting off another account or another
contract—perhaps total want of consideration founded on
fraud, imposition, or falsehood, is not defalcation: though,
being relieved in the same way, they are blended.
2. Theaction or fact of cutting or lopping off or
taking away; deduction. arch.
1624 F. Wuite Repl. Fisher 471 The defalcation of one
kind is against the integritie of the substance of the Eucha-
rist. 1652 Br. Hatt Rem. Whs. (1660) 145 If we be still our
old selves .. without defalcation of our corruptions, without
addition of Grace. 1673 Essex i jd (Camden) if 147 To
allow twelve thousand Pds to y® Farmers, by wt of defal-
cation, out of ther Rents for y* Customs. = . BuRNET
Th. Earth \. 285 If these deductions and defalcations be
made. 1755 Macens /nsurances I. 440 His Majesty .. will
order the Defalcation of the Sum adjudged to his Subjects.
a 1832 BentHam Mem. & Corr. Wks. 1843 X. 69 The stock
of knowledge .. from which, after a certain period [of life],
large defalcations are every minute making by the scythe
of Time.
b. A deduction ; a diminution or abatement to
which an amount (income, etc.) is liable, on account
of debts or expenses. arch.
1621 Burton Anat. Mel. Democr. to Rdr. 63 To defray
this charge of wars, as also all other public defalcations,
expenses, fees, pensions. 1622 F. Markuam Bk. War i.
iv. 55 After his debts and defaulcations are paid. 16go
Boyte Chr. Virtuoso u. 20 This inward Recompense is
received, not only without any Defalcations, but with great
improvements. 1701 J. Law Counc. Trade (1751) 9 Repairs,
risques, damages by fire and other defalcations. 1823
Bentuam Not Paul p. iii, A reprint. .but with some defalca-
tions, additions, and alterations. : :
3. Diminution suffered or sustained ; falling off.
arch.
1649 Jer. Taytor Gf. Exemip. x1. i.§ 9 Nothing but a ver
great defalcation or ruin of a man’s estate will. . justify suc
acontroversy. 1792 Herscuet in Phil. Trans. LXXXII.
27 The brightness of the moon, notwithstanding the great
defalcation of light occasioned by the eclipse. 1793 Ld.
Auckland's Corr. U1. 514 The duty, which last year pro-
duced 160,000/, is betted this year at under 50,000/ ; a terrible
defalcation .. especially after the falling off of the last
quarter. 1801 WELLESLEY in Owen Desf. 202 The causes
of this increasing defalcation of revenue are manifest, and
daily acquire new strength. 183 Brewster Oftics xiv.122
Its tint varied with the angle of incidence, and had some
DEFAMATION.
+1. tvans. To diminish by cutting off a to
reduce by deductions. One? wit
darre doo the contrarie to take no bribe, rewarde, or defalke
the is wagis. 1526 Housch. Ord. 230 The Clerkes
+. to (printed default] & check the
of all [those]. .absent without 1 Hu oer,
‘e or mynyshe, defalcare. 57 Leminc Contn. Holin-
shed III. 154, Be euerie default their wages was totted
and defalked. 3-8 Dantet Coll. Hist. Eng. (1626) 158
In the second Statute .. hee defalked the Jurisdiction of
Ecclesiasticall 1630 XR. son's Kingd. & Commew.
323 The monethl y Court (being thirtie thou-
Crownes) is in times defalked ay thousand.
2. To cut or lop off; to deduct, subtract, abate.
+a. gen. Obs.
x BeEttenpEen Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 118 Thir novellis
maid Cesius to defaik sum part of his curage vremiserit
ardorem). 1§77 Stanyuurst Descr. Jred. in Holinshed V1.
2 Ireland is divided into foure regions . . and into a fift plot,
defalked from everie fourth part. ele. Taytor Lid.
Profh, iii. 61 That the Jewes had k’d many sayings
from the Books of the old Prophets. 1659 Gent?. Cadii
vu. § 1. 441 These days have taught the vulgar to defalk
much of that respect which former ages paid to superiors
of all sorts. 1701 BeverLey Glory of Grace 51 The. . Noble
Part of the Redemption of Christ were then Defaulked, If
He did not save From the Filth of Sin.
b. a part or sum from an account, payment, etc.
(Still locally in U.S. legal use.)
1524-5 Burgh Rec. Edin, 20 Feb., Quilk sowme the said
president .. grantis to be allowit and defalkit to the said
fermoraris in thair latter quarter. 1530 Patscr. se9/2 i!
nat defalke you a peny of your hole somme .. This shall
defalked from yoursomme. 15.. Aberdeen Reg. (Jam.), The
skiper aucht to defaik sa mekle of his fraucht as wald fuyr
the merchandis gudis to.. Sanctandrois. 1562 Act 5 Eliz.
c.4To .. forfeit 14 for euery houres absence, to be deducted
and defaulked out of his wages. a1610 Heaey Theophrastus
(1636) 41 If any of his seruants breake but a pitcher .. he
defalketh it out of their wages. 1666 Perys Dia: &°79)
III. 486 He bids me defalk 25/ for myself. cone g ARTE
Ormonde 11. 401 Money .. payable out of the t of
Ireland, and afterwards defalked out of the Deke's wlery
and entertainment. 1886 Justice Srerrett in Gunnis v.
Cluff (Cent.), The question is whether the damages sus-
tained can be defalked against the demand in this action.
+e. absol. or intr. Obs.
1604 Househ. Ord. 305 Our Officers. .to whom it appertain-
eth to defaulk from their entertainement. a1631 Donne
Serm, \xxv. 765 Why should I defalke from his gag pe
positions and. .call his omnes (his all) a Few. 1649 Br. Hatt
Cases Consc. (1650) 194 He lyes to the holy Ghost, that de-
falkes from that whieh he engaged himselfe to bestow. 1
Wanrsurton in Garrick's Corr. 1.77 You see at last if I
from their human science, I repay them largely in divine.
+8. a. To allow (any one) a deduction. b. To
deprive or mulct of (anything due). Ods.
1541 Act 33 Hen. VIII in Stat. [rel. (1621) 230 The Kings
said lessees .. shall be defalked, abated, and allowed .. of
and for such and so much yearely rent and ferme. 565
Carrum, Answ. Treat. Crosse (1846) 206 That, for defau'
Sacraments.
relation to the defalcation of colour in the pr ic
1844 H. H. Witson Brit. /ndia 111. 452 A serious defalca-
tion of the public revenue was incurred. ; :
4. Falling away, defection; shortcoming, failure,
delinquency.
1750 Carte Hist, Eng. 11. 304 Its power would have been
so much lessened by the defalcation of the vassal provinces.
1782 Miss Burney Cecilia (1820) III. 38 Defalcation of
principle. 1820 Lams E/ia Ser. 1. Oxford in Vacation,
could almost have wept the defalcation of Iscariot. 1822
Euiza Natuan Langreath 1. 192 Tears of. .regret streamed
down her cheeks at the defalcation of her vows to Dalton.
1839 James Louis X/V IV. 158 The defalcation of one or
two members from the league. 1868 Miss Bravvon Run to
Earth Ul. i. 16 Pointing out Reginald’s neglect, all his
defalcations, the cruelty ot kis conduct to her.
5. A monetary deficiency through breach of trust
by one who has the management or charge of
funds; a fraudulent deficiency in money matters ;
also concr. (in /.), the amount so ——————
1846 Worcester, Defalcation, a breach of trust by one
who has —— or management of money. [Not in Craic,
1847.) 1856 E. A. Bonn Russia at Close 16th C, (Hakluyt
Soc.) Introd. 130 Although they had clamoured loudly of
his defalcations..at the termination of his connection with
them, the balance .. was in his favour. 1866 Morn. Star
20 Aug. 6/4 The ground of the action taken being an alleged
defalcation to the extent of 11,000/. 1885 Manch. Exam.
6 July nt We he prosecutors estimate the defalcations at
about £1,
tor (difelkéitex). [agent-n. on L.
type from med.L. défalcare: see DEFALCATE.) One
guilty of defalcation ; one who has misappropriated
money or other peoperty committed to his care.
1813 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 14/1 A..collector of the income
tax in the parish of Christchurch Surry, has lately become
a defalcator to the amount of £3,700. 1858 Cartyte redh.
Gt. (786s) LF, Phat 290 J iniegia me d ae om
wi persons. I arper .
Apr 6o/t = + convicted and sentenced. =
‘lee, v. Ods. rare, [ad. med.L, défaledre :
see next.] = DEFALK, ;
1651 Futter Adel Rediv., Berengarius 5 When we read
ius calling him hom daci' we know
how to defalce our credit accordingly.
Defalk (difflk), v. Ods. or arch. Also 5-7
-falke, 6 -falck, -faik (Sc.), 6-7 -faulk(e. [a. F.
pay ee (14th. in Littré), ad. med.L. défaleare :
see DEFALCATE. ]
of sol y, we shall be defaulked of fruit of
Hence Defa‘lking 7v4/. sd.
1475 Bk. Noblesse 31 Bethout any defalking [or] abreg-
ging of here is. 1598x Anpreson Serm. Paules Crosse
22 Without addition or defalking too or fro the worde of
God. Gaupen 7vars of Ch. 235 Few do pay them
without delayings, defalkings, and defraudings.
+ Defalla‘tion. Ods. [irreg. f. F. défaillir,
OF. also defallir: see -ATION.] Failure, failing.
1490 Caxton How to Die ad fin., t God hath promysed
trust it well without defallacyon.
Defalt, -ive, obs. forms of DEFAUL, -IVE.
Defa‘mable, «. vave.—° Also diff-. [See
below and prom Liable to be defamed.
famable, defamadilis. 1721 BaiLey,
1570 Levins 3/12
DGamable, that may be slandered.
‘famate, v. rare~*. [f. Pp. stem of L. diffa-
mare after following words.] ‘To defame, slander.
In mod. Dicts.
Defamation (difima fon, def-). Forms: 4-6
diff-, dyffamacion, -oun, etc., 6-8 diffamation,
5- defamation. [ad, OF. a, L. diffa-
miation-em, n. of action from diffamdre, with same
change of prefix as in DErame.
+1. The bringing of ill fame or dishonour upon
any one; shame. Ods.
Peerage ema cy at
T1313 Som t near ielll iffamacioun for a man to vse
more rynges oon. 1 BetLenpven Livy 1. (1822) 164
The Komanks has maid *tsir playis allaneriie this day to
youre diffamacioun and schame, Prynne /istrio-
Mastix 1. m. vi. (R.), Their a is onely men’s defamation,
not their reformation. 1711 STEELE Sfect. No. 262 P 2 Any
thing that may tend tothe Defamation of particular Persons,
gene or Societies. "
. The action of defaming, or attacking any one’s
good fame; the fact of being defamed or slandered ;
also (with #/.), an act or instance of
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Friar’s 7. 6 In . OF i
Pang auowtrye. ¢ 1425 rare Cron, Vs Xi. 1322
Wylful Defamatyownys. 1529 More 1. Wks. 127/1
Thepeaaiees him er mee for -
t . Fohnson's Kis ‘OMMW. 113
dees Pn ob from the poyson 1633 Ames y
Cerem. 11. 530 It was necessarie to oe ae
cause, iffamation should ainst 1709
Steere Zatler No, 105 P 4 The of Boniface brought
P
“
DEFAMATIVE.
his Action of Defamation. .and recovered Dammages, 1726
Ayurre Parergon 212 Diffamation, or Defamation .. is
the uttering of reproachful Speeches, or cont lious Lan-
guage of any one, with an Intent of raising an ill Fame of
the Party thus reproached; and this extends to Writing
..and to Deeds. 1883 Law Ref. 11 Q. Bench Div, 595 An
advocate is protected from an action for defamation only
when the words he utters are spoken bond fide, and are rele-
vant to the matters before the Court.
In 6 dyff-. [f. L.
+ Defamative, ¢. Obs. ‘
diffamat-, ppl. stem of diffamare, with change of
prefix as in DEFAME: see -IVE.] Defamatory.
1goz Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1v. xxii. 295 Yf
he hath caused wrytynges dyffamatyues for to be founde in
place openly. 1634 A. Warwick Spare Min. (1637) 91 De-
famative reports.
+ De‘famator. Ods. rare—'. [fas prec. : see
-oR.] One who defames, a slanderer.
1704 Gentl. Instructed (1732) 66 (D.) We should keep in
pay a brigade of hunters to ferret our defamators, and to
clear the nation of this noxious vermin.
Defamatory (défe'matori), a. Also 6-7 diff-.
[ad. med.L. diffamatorius, F. diffamatoire (14th c.),
f, as prec. : see -ORY.]
1. Of the nature of, or characterized by, defama-
tion ; having the property of defaming.
1592 SuTcLiFFE (¢7¢/e), Answere to a certaine libel, suppli-
catory, or rather Diffamatory. 1656 EArt Monm. Advt./7.
Parnass. 144 Though the poets let fly diffamatory verses.
1669 CLARENDON Zss. Tracts (1727) 157 Defamatory writings.
1749 Fietpinc Tom Fones (1775) if. 177 Who..condemn
the whole in general defamatory terms. 1848 MacauLay
Hist. Eng. 1, 482 James..had instituted a civil suit against
Oates for defamatory words.
b. Const. of, Zo.
1655 Futter Ch. Hist. 1x. iii. § 23 For dispersing of
scandalous Pamphlets defamatory to the Queen and State,
Ibid, x. i. § 26 Such papers defamatory of the present
Government. 1868 StanLey Westm. Abd, vi. 523 A passage
defamatory of ten Bishops. 1891 7imes 14 Jan. 5/5 The
Portuguese Government has protested..against the posting
. of bills and circulars defamatory to its credit.
2. Of persons: Employing or addicted to de-
famation.
1769 ¥unius Lett, ii. 13 All such defamatory writers. 1836
Hor. Smitu 7in Trump. (1876) 333 They have a good
for being def. ry.
Defame (défz''m), v. Forms: 4-7 diff-, 4-5
deff-, 4-6 dyff-, 6 diffame, 4- defame. [ME.
diffame-n and defame-n, a. OF. diffame-r, rarely
desfamer, deffamer, defamer (mod.¥. diffamer) =
Pr. diffamar, \t. diffamare, ad. L. diffimare to
spread abroad by an ill report, f. dij/- = Dis- +
fama rumour, report, fame. In this word and its
derivatives, while French retains the prefix as ds-,
des-, dé-, Eng. has the form de-, prob. after med.L.
déefimare (Du Cange); cf. post-cl. L. défamdatus
dishonoured, infamous, défam7s shameful.
(Etymologically, perhaps, sense 1 belongs to défaimare,
senses 2-4 to diffamare.)] A ,
1. “rans. To bring ill fame, infamy, or dishonour
upon, to dishonour or disgrace in fact; to render
infamous. Ods. or arch.
1303 R. Brunne Handi. Synne 6571 For to make hym be
ashamede Pat he shulde be so defamede. c 1374 CHAUCER
Troylus 1. 537 Me were leuere ded than hire defame.
cr Caxton Sonunes of Aymon xxviii. 580 We ben
dyffamed bi thys grete knave, that doth somoche labour.
1526 ‘TinpaLe Matt. i. 19 Ioseph, loth to defame her.
1615 G. Sanpys Trav. 92 The hauen of Alexandria, newly
defamed with a number of wracks. 1684 Contemp. State of
Max 1. ix. (1699) 103 Crimes so Infamous, as they not only
defame the Person who commits them, but [etc.]. 1725 Pore
Odyss. xix. 16 Lest..Dishonest wounds, or violence of soul,
Defame the bridal feast. 18g0 Tennyson /n Alem. cxi. 23
The grand old name of gentleman, Defamed by every
charlatan.
2. To attack the good fame or reputation of (a
person) ; to dishonour by rumour or report.
1303 R. Brunne Handi. Synne 11636, Y dar weyl seye pou
hym dyffamest. —¢ 1330 — Chron. (1810) 321 Pe kyng did
grete trespas, diffamed pape’s se. ¢1386 CHAUCER
Miller's Prol. B It is a synne. . To apeyren eny man or him
defame [v.~. diffame]. 1470-85 Matory Arthur xvul. v,
I am_now in certayne she is vntruly defamed. 1547
Homilies 1. Love § Sag (1859) 67 Speak well of them
that diffame you. 1602 Marston Axtonio’s Rev. 1. iii.
Wks. 1856 I. 122, I have defam’d this ladie wrongfully. 170%
De For True-born Eng. 34 He never fails his Neighbour
to defame. 1837 Lytron Z, Madtrav. 240 You would darkly
slander him whom you cannot openly defame. 1883 Law
Rep. 11 Q. Bench Div. 597 The plaintiff has been defamed,
and has prima facie a cause of action,
+3. To raise an imputation of (some specific
offence) against (any one); to accuse. Const. also
with with, dy, or clause. Ods.
1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 8304 Ioye he hab hym self
to dyffame Of alle hys synnes. pat REVISA eed De
P. R. xv. clix, (1495) 546 One Tenes. .was deffamyd that he
had lyen by his stepdame. ¢ 1460 Fortescur Ads. & Lim.
Mon. v. (1885) 118 creauncers shul. .defame his highnes
off mysgouernance. 1482 Caxton Trevisa’s Higden vu. iii,
One bisshop that was sharply defamed by symonye.
Grinpvat Fun. Serm. . (1843) 20 As diffaming Lim, at
for ambition’ sake he would do a thing contrary to his con-
science. 1672 Cave Prim. Chr.i. iv. (1673) 347 You defame
us with Treason against the Emperour. 1736 CHANDLER
Hist. Persec. 213 Others are defamed for heresy ; such who
are spok gainst by report. 1820 Scorr /vanhoe
xxxviii, Rebecca. .is, by many frequent and suspicious cir-
cumstances, defamed of sorcery.
125
+4. To publish, spread abroad, proclaim. [Ren-
dering diffamare in the Vulgate]. Ods.
1382 Wycur Wisd. ii. 12 He .. defameth a3en vs [Vulg.
dima in nos] the synnes of oure disciplyne. -— A/a/z.
ix. 31 Thei goynge out defameden [1388 diffameden] hym
thorw3 al that lond. — 1 Thess. i. 8 Forsoth of 30u the
word of the Lord is defamyd, or mzoche told.
+ Defame (diféi-m), sd. Os. Forms: see the
verb. [ME. diffame and defame, a. OF. deffame
(usually disfame, diffame), f. def-, diffamer, to
Derame. Cf. L. diffamia (Augustine, 4th c.), f.
*diffamis (cf. défamis, and tnfamis, infamia), f.
dis- privative +fama FAME.]
1, Ill fame, evil repute; dishonour, disgrace,
infamy.
sys Deneoun Bruce x1x.12 Schyr Wilyame Off that purches
had maist defame, For principale tharoff wes he. 1474
Caxton Chesse 1. vi. H iv, His vertue is torned to diffame.
1533 BeLtLenpen Livy ut, (1822) 301 To the grete diffame
and reproche of Romanis. _ 1596 Spenser /. Q. Vv. iii. 38 So
ought all faytours..From all brave knights be banisht with
defame. 1603 Knottes //ist. Turks (1638) 146 Now he
lieth obscurely buried, shrouded in the sheet of defame.
1630 Lorp Persees 50 Such as are..of publique defame in
the world for some evill. 1659 Crown Garland of Roses
(1845) 60 Yet lives his famous name Without spot or defame.
2. Defamation, slander, calumny.
ax4so Kut. de la Tour 2 Gret defames and sclaundres
withoute cause. 1g02 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W.
1506) Iv. xxi. 270 Those to whome_ he hath spoken the
dyffame of his neyghbour. 1599 Porter Angry Won.
Abingd. in Hazl. Dodsley VII. 376 Als. Gour. She slandered
my good name. Franz. But if she now deny it, ‘tis no
defame. 1609 Rowranps Avanue of Clubs 36 Fond men
vniustly do abuse your names, With slaundrous speeches
and most false defames. 1654 WuitLock Zootomia 447
Nibles at the Fame Ofss absent Friend ; and seems t’ assent
By silence to 's Defames.
Defamed (diféi'md), A//. a. [f. prec. vb. + -ED.]
1. +a. Brought to disgrace, dishonoured, of ill
fame (ods.). b. Attacked in reputation, slan-
dered.
1474 Caxton Chesse 4 The euyl lyf and diffamed of a kyng
is the lyf of a cruel beste, 1536 BeLLENDEN Cron. Scot.
(1821) I. 176 Maist vile and diffamit creaturis. 1548 UDALL,
etc. Evasm. Par, Matt, iii. 30 Souldyoures, a violent and
a diffamed kynde of people. 1631 WrEver dnc, Fun. Mon.
146 None were to be admitted if of a defamed life. 1691
Woop Ath. Oxon. J. 74 The defamed dead recovereth
never, 1891 ScrivENER Fields § Cities 159 The defamed
character of a fellow-workman.
2. Her. Said of a lion or other beast which is
figured without a tail. [F. difamdé.]
1863 Chambers’ Encyl. s.v. Infamed 570 Defamed is an
epithet applied to a lion or other animal which has lost its
tail, the loss being supposed to disgrace or defame it, 1882
Cussans Heraldry vi. (ed. 3) 86.
Hence Defa‘medly av.
1567 in Tytler ist. Scotd. (1864) III. 265 Let her [Queen
Mary] know that the Earl of Moray never spoke defamedly
of her for the death of her husband.
Defa'meless, «2. rare. [f. DEFAME sé. or v.
+-LESS.] Free trom discredit or reproach.
1888 Ramsay Scotl. §& Scotsmen 18th C, II. ix. 151 No-
thing could be more defameless than their manners.
Defamer (d?fzi:ma1). Also 5 deff-, 5-6 diff-,
dyff-. [f. DEFAME v. + -ER. Cf. OF. déffameur,
deffameur.] One who defames.
a1340 Hampote Psalter v. 10 Bakbiters and defamers.
1481 Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 96 A deffamer of wymmen.
1550 Nicotts 7hucyd. Pref. 3 (R.) Pryuye dyffamours of
dylygent and vertuous laboure. 1654 WHITLOCK Zootomia
460 Blushes for the Defamer, as well as Defamed. 1797
Mrs. Rancurre /tadiax ii, Impatient to avenge the insult —
upon the original defamer.
efaming (d/fzi-min), vd. sd.
action of the verb Deramr.
@1340 Hampote Psalter Ixiv. 5 Pis is wickidnes and
defamynge of God. 1556 Aurelio & sab. (1608) H, Fearinge
the diffaminge of youre poisenede tonges, 1611 Biste Yer.
xx. 10, I heard the defaming of many. 1611 Beau. & FL.
Philaster i, ii, They draw a nourishment Out of defamings,
grow upon disgraces.
Defa'ming, ///. a. [-1nc?.] That defames.
Hence Defa‘mingly adv.
1641 Mitton Animadv. (1851) 189 What defaming invec-
tives have lately flown abroad against the Subjects of
Scotland.
+ Defamous, ¢. Olds. [a. AF. deffamous, OF.
type *deffameux, {. diffame sb., DEFAME: cf.
Jamous, infamous. (The stress varies in the me-
trical examples.)] a. Infamous, disgraceful. b.
Defamatory.
1430 NG Lyf Manhode 1. \ii. (1869) 32 No sinne so
fowl, so defamowse. c 1430 Lypc. Bochas ut. x. (1554) 84 a,
A word defamous, most foule in al languages. 1500-20
Dunbar Poems (1893) lix. 10 With rycht defamowss speiche
off lordis. 1557 Nortu Gueuara’s Diall Pr. 61 b/2 To
haue set on his graue so defamous a title. _ 1577-87 Howin-
suep Chron, II, Kkj (N.), There was a knighte that spake
defamous words of him. i
Hence + Defamously (dif-) adv., defamatorily.
1557 R. AtLerton in S. R, Maitland Zss. Reform. 556(D.)
Whereupon should your lordship gather or say of me so
diffamously ? 3
+ Defamy. Ods. Also diff-. [a. OF. diffamie,
ad. L. diffimia: see DEFAME sb. Cf. infamy: for
prefix see DEFAME.] = DEFAMATION 1, 2.
ne Caxton Eneydos xxviii. 109 Wherof they of cartage
ie haue a blame that shalle torne vnto them to a grete
[-1ncl.] The
| much of Asarabacca.
DEFAULT.
diffamye. 1494 Fapyan Chron. v. cxiv. 87 By whose defamy
and report, Sygebert was more kyndelyd to set vpon his
brother. 1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. I. ccxlii. 359 Y* we be
reputed for false and forsworne, and to ryn into suche blame
and diffamy, as [etc.].
Defar, defarre, obs. forms of DrFEr v.!
+ Defarrm, v. Obs. rave—'. [ad. OF. des-
Sermer, défermer to unshut, disclose, turn out from
an enclosure, f. des-, dé-, DE- 1.6 + fermer to shut,
close.] trans. To shut out from, dispossess.
1648 Symmons Vind. Chas. / 237 Should they part with it
[the Militia] they should not only..defarme themselves of
safety but of their wealth and riches too.
Defase, obs. Sc. form of DEFEASE.
Defaste, obs. pa. t. and pa. pple. of DEFACcE.
Defate, obs. f. DEFEAT; var. of DEFAITE.
+ Defa‘tigable, «. Olds. [ad. L. type dé/at-
gabil-ts (found in negative zxdéfatigabilis), f. fati-
gare to FATIGUE: see -BLE.]
1. Apt to be wearied; capable of being wearied.
1656 Biount Glossogr., Defatigadle, easily to be wearyed.
1659 D. Pett /mpr. Sea 244 That when this bird is defatig-
able, and wearied with flying, that hee will betake himself to
any ship, 1662 GLanvitt Liv Orient, (1682) 116 We were
made on set purpose defatigable, that so all degrees of life
might have their exercise.
2. Apt to weary or fatigue.
1657 Tomiinson Renou’s Disp. Pref., My Imployments..
and defatigable diuturnal Labours.
Hence Befa‘tigableness.
1727 Baitey vol. Il, Defatigadleness, aptness to be tired.
+ Defa‘ti ate, v. Obs. [f. L. déefatigat-, ppl.
stem of défatigare to weary out, exhaust with
fatigue, f. Dre- I. 3 + fatigare to weary, FATIGuE.]
trans. To weary out, to exhaust with labour. ILence
Defa‘tigated, Defatigating /f/. ad/s.
1552 Hutoet, Defatigate, defatigo. 1566 Painter ad.
Pleas. (1575) 1. Yo Rdr., Mindes defatigated either with
painefull trauaile or with continuall care. 1634 Sir T.
Herpert 7'vav. (1638) 190 Up which d gating hill we
crambled. a 1666 C. Hooter School Collog. (1688) Ep. Ded.,
This defatigating task of a Schoolmaster.
+ Defatiga'tion. Ols. [ad. L. dfatigation-
em, n. of action from défatigare (see prec.).) The
action of wearying out, or condition of being wearied
out; fatigue.
1508 Fisher Wks, (1876) 196 Whereby we shall come into
everlastynge defatygacyons and werynesse in hell. 1610
Barroucu JZeth. Physick ww. ii. (1639) 218 Sometime it is
caused through wearinesse and vehement defatigation. 1654
tr. Scudery’s Curia Pol. 175 A defatigation and dispirited-
ness will accompany that oppression.
Defauleation, -faulk, obs. ff. DeraLcation,
-FALK.
Default (diiolt), 52. Forms: 3-6 defaut, -e,
(4 defau3te), 4-5 def-, diffaute, 5 defawt(e,
(deffawte, defauute), 5-7 defalt, 5-6 defalte,
-faulte, (5 deffault(e, 6 difalt, deafaulte), 6-
default. [ME. a. OF. defaute, deriv. of defaillir,
after faute and fazllir: see Fautt. Nearly super-
seded in Fr. by a masc. variant defaudt (in Froissart
14th c.), mod.F. défaut; in Eng., forms without
final -e appear also in 14th c., but those with -e
came down as late as the 16th.
The spellings defalte, defaulte, appear in Anglo-Fr. of
13-14th c.3 and defalt, default, in English of 15th c., but
the / was not generally pronounced until the 17th or 18th c.
cf. Fautt.] :
I. Failure of something, want, defect.
+1. Absence (of something wanted) ; want, lack,
scarcity of; =F aur sb. 1. Obs. or arch.
@ 1300 Cursor M. 1718 (Cott.) [That] pou haue defaut [v. 7.
defaute, deffaute] of mete and drink. /éid. 4601 (Gitt.)
Suilk diffaute sal be of bred, pe folk sal be for hunger dede.
1375 Barsour Bruce u. 569 Gret defaut off mete had thai.
Thea. xiv. 368 Defalt of mete. 1380 Wycuir Serie. Sel.
Wks. I. 70 Certis defaute of bileve is cause of oure sleuthe.
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 199 Bi necligence & defaute of
help manie men ben perischid. a@1470 Tirtort Czsar iv.
(1530) 6 They had defawte of all things as be convenyent.
1 Upatt Erasm. Par. Pref. 14 Ignoraunce and defaulte
of litterature. 1594 Carew Huarte's Exam. Wits (1616) 90
Through default of a well made penne he is forced to write
with a sticke. 1654 H. L’Estrance Chas. J (1655) 19 And
a great default there was..of sufficient pay, of holesome
meat, and unanimity. 1823 J. Bapcock Dom. Amusem. 94
Two kinds of deafness are those arising from an excess of
wax in the ear, or its total default. .
+b. adsol. Lack of food or other necessaries ;
want, poverty. Ods.
c12g0 S. Eng. Leg. 1. 261/16 For non ne scholde for de-
faute bi-leue be foals sunne. @ 1300 Cursor MM. (Cott.) 4760
Pan iacob and his suns warn For defaut wel ner for-farn.
1393 Lanct. P. Pl. C. xvut. 67 He..fedde pat a-fyngred
were and in defaute lyueden, 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg.
166 b/: They of the towne within had so grete defaulte that
they ete theyr shoys and lachettis. 1494 Fasyan Chron.
vi. clxxxvi. 186 Many dyed for defaute.
ec. For default of (obs.), in default of; through
the failure or want of, in the absence of; + /z
default: failing these (this, etc.).
1 rea i 57Vor defaute of wyt, c 1369 CHAUCER
Dethe Blaunche 5, ue so many an idel pou3t Purli for
defaute_of slepe. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 93 The fissh, if
it be drie, Mote in defalte of water deie. 1464 ca 4 Wills
(Camden) 24 For the defawte of eyr male. 1568 TuRNER
Herbal 1. 29 In defaut of it he teacheth to take halfe as
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary ui. (1625)
DEFAULT,
47 And for default of other matter forsooth, how they laught
at me. 1650 in W. S. Perry Hist. Coll. Amer. Col. ¢
(1860) I. 2 It shall be lawful’.. to make Probates of Wills,
and default of a will to grant Letters of Administration in
the Colony. HicxerinGitt Ceremony-Monger, Wks.
(1716) II. 468 The Presbyters or (in default) any Church
ember. 1729 Butter Serm. Wks. 1874 IL. 1
fault of that perfection of wisdom and virtue. 1818 Cruise
Digest (ed. 2) 1V. 340 And for default of issue of the body
the said Thomas, to [etc.]. _ 1865 J. C. Witcocks Sea
Fisherman (1875) 27 Pilchards for bait may frequently be
procured. .in default of which Mussels can be obtained.
2. A failure in being perfect; an imperfection,
defect, blemish, flaw; =Fautr 3: a. incharacter
or things immaterial. Ods. or arch.
389 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 4 He shal be put out .. in-totyme
pt he haue hym amended of pe defautes to-fore said. a1450
Knut. de la Tour (1868) 160 She is with oute defauute. 21533
Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel.(1546) N ij b, Al defautes in
a gouernour — borne saue A pecan 1680-90 TemPLe
Ess, Learn. Wks. 1731 I. 151 New
them their Beauties as well as their Defaults.
T. Tub v. 80 Forcing into light my own excellencies and
other men’s defaults. 1880 KinGLaKke Crimea VI. vi. 143
Grave defaults all the while lay hidden under the surface.
+b. in appearance, structure, etc.: Physical
defect or blemish. Odés.
1340 Hampote Pr. Consc. 5016 And if any lym wanted ..
or any war over smalle .. God pan wille Alle be defautes of
lyms fulfille. ae Maunpev. (Roxb.) iii. 9 Pai .. fand
same letters .. als fresch as pai ware on te first day
withouten any defaute. 1487 Churchw. Acc. Wigtoft, Linc.
(Nichols 1797) 82 For mending and stoppyng of the botrasses,
and other defauts in the chirche walles. 1562 TurNER
Herbal 1. 39 Lynt sede .. when it is raw it taketh away
the defautes of the face and frekles. 1634 T. JoHNson tr.
Parey's Chirurg. Xxv1. xvi. (1678) 639 All such defaults must
be taken away, and then. .an epulotick applied.
II. Failure in performance.
3. Failure to act; neglect; sfec. in Law, failure
to perform some legal requirement or obligation,
esp. failure to attend in a court on the day assigned ;
often in the phrase fo make default. Judgement by
default; a judgement given for the plaintiff on the
defendant's failing to plead or put in his answer
within the proper time.
(1292 Britton 1. ii. § 8 Et si le pleyntif face defaute a nuli
Counté.]_ ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 58 Defaute he
mad pat day. Perfor was be dome gyuen..To exile pe erle
Godwyn. 1411 E. Z. Wills (1882) 20 Takynge a distresse
in defawte of payment. 1498 Act 11 Hen, VIT, c.7 Vf any
..-make defaute at the day and place. 1588 Fraunce Lawiers
Log. 53 b, If hee bee nonsuite in an action, or doe commit
any such like default. 1666 Perys Diary (1879) 1V. 208
The calling over the defaults of Members appearing in the
House. 1736 Neat //ist. Purit. I. 540 His Majesty per-
sisting in his refusal to plead, the clerk was ordered to record
the default. 1764 Croker, etc. Dict. Arts & Sc. s.v., Where
a defendant makes default, judgment shall be had against
him by default. 1827 Jarman Powell's Devises (ed. 3) II.
155 The period of foreclosure is the date of the final order
of the Court, following default of payment on the day ap-
pointed. 185r Hr. Martineau Hist. Peace (1877) HI. 1v.
ix. 21 He had allowed judgment to go by default.
attrib, 3892 Boston (Mass.) Frul. 15 Jan. 8/3 John F.
Delaney was arrested .. this morning on a default warrant
issued by the Superior Court. 1894 Daily News 7 Feb. 7/8
A default summons in which the company sought to recover
payment of an account.
+4. Failure in duty, care, etc., as the cause of
some untoward event; culpable neglect of some
duty or obligation; =Fauut 7. Obs.
To be in default: to fail in one’s duty.
@ 1300 Cursor M. 26241 (Cott.) If pi barne for pi defaut be
for-farne. c1400 Lay Folk's Mass Bk. ve . lil. 126 He is
continuelly in defaute a3zen pat mye a1 lord. c¢ 1400
Maunpev. (Roxb.) Pref. 2 Thurgh whilk ilk man es saued,
bot if it be his awen defaute. c1460 Towneley Myst. 60
Greatt defawte with hym youre fader fand. _1§23 Lp,
Berners Froiss. 1. ccclxxix, 634 The rebellion. .hath coste
.. Many a mans lyfe in Gaunt, and parauenture many a one
that were in no defaulte. 1549 Latimer 5¢h Serm. (Arb.)
149 They shall aunswere for all the soules that peryshe
throughe theyr defaute. 1614 Rateicu Hist. World u. 473
Those calamities which happen by their owne default. 1
Mitton Samson 45 What if all foretold Had been fulfilled
but through mine own default, Whom have I to complain
of but myself? 1742 Pore Dunciad 1. 486 A God without
a Thought, Re less of our merit or default.
+b. transf. of things: Failure to act or perform
its normal or required functions. Default of the
sun (L. defectus solis): eclipse. Obs.
1340 Hampote Pr, Consc. sors If any lym wanted. . Thurgh
i defaut here of kynd. 1520 Caxton's Chron. ae Mt. 19/1
alus founde fyrste the defaute of the sonne and the moone.
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 131 It is your Oxe that
by default of your owne fence hath entred my ground, 1621
Burton Anat. Mel. 1. i. ut. § 2 Faith, opinion. . Ratiocina-
tion, are all accidentally depraved by the default of the
imagination. 1736 Gray Let. to West in Mason —_ (ed. 2)
14 If the default of your spirits and nerves be nothing but
the effect of the hyp, I have no more to say.
+5. (with @ and /.) A failure in duty; a wrong
act or deed; a fault, misdeed, offence; =FAavLt 5.
@ 1225 Ancr, R. 136 Beon icnowen ofte to God of .. hire
defautes touward him. a 1340 Hampote Psalter cxl. 4 It is
manere of ynqueynt men when ere takyn with a
defaute to excuse paim wip falshede. 1386 Cuaucer
Sompn. T. 102 Ye god amende defautes sire quod she.
Manual of lg $4 Lands, Grant us pardon of our defaults.
1548 Gest Pr. di i
lasse 74 To a gyltlesse p isa
defaulte full grevc ares Emi, ut. iv. 139 Thine
owne defaults did urge twofold punishment, 1
Moxon Mech, Exerc. 264 That no Timber be laid within
In de- |
[books] .. have many of |
1704 Swirt |
|
126
the Tunnel of any Chimny, upon penser tp the Workman
for every Default ten Shillings. I Pp. oF Lonpon in
W. S. Perry Hist, Coll. Amer. Col. Ch. 1. 201 It is..a grief
to hear of ety and irregularities among you.
+b. A failure in what is attempted ; an error,
mistake ; =Favuir 5 b. Obs.
c1386 Cuaucer Clerk's 7. 962 With so glad chier his
gestes sche receyveth, And so connyngly everich in his
degre, That no defaute no man aparceyvet' 1426 Paston
Lett. No. 7 I. 25 Hem semyth .. by the defautes ye espied
in the same .. that the processe .. is false and untrewe.
4590 Hvutcurinson in Greenwood Collect. Sclaund. Art.Cb,
our vnsufficient Argument hath 2. defaults in it. 1737 L.
Crarke Hist, Bible w. (2740) 192 One ony Default. . was,
that they did not make a right use of their victories. 1822
Soutney Vis. Fudgement 111 There he .. accuses For his
own defaults the men who too faithfully served him.
+6. Failure in any course; sfec. in Hunting,
failure to follow the scent; loss of the scent or
track by the hounds; =F aut sd. 8. Ods.
a1300 Leg. Rood (1871) 22 Our sta worp isene Per-by
pou my3t wippoute defaute to paradys euene gon. cue
Cuaucer Dethe Blaunche 384 ‘The houndis hade ouershet
hem al, And were on a defaute [v.7. defaulte] ifal. 1486
Bk. St. Albans FE. vj b, And iff yowre houndis chase at hert
or at haare and thayrenne at defaute. 1602 2nd Pt. Return
| fr. Parnass. u. v. (Arb.) 31 Thrise our hounds were at de-
fault. 174% Compl. Fam. Piece 1. i. 291 The Huntsman ..
assisting them at every Default, when they have either lost
the Slot, or follow not the right. —
7. Failure to meet financial engagements; the
action of defaulting in money matters.
1858 Simmonps Dict. Trade, Default, a failure of payment
of instalments, etc., agreed upon, or in the due execution of
a contract. 1875 Jevons Money ey Eg Convicted of
fraud or default. 1890 Daily News 8 Nov. 5/4 Some de-
sr are expected at the Stock Exchange settlement next
week,
Default (difp'lt),v. Forms: 4-5 defaut(e, 5
defawte, 6-7 defalt, 6 difalt, 6-default. [ME.
ad. OF. defaillir (in 3rd sing. pres. defalt, defaut,
default) to fail, be wanting, make default, = Pr.
defalhir, defaylhir, OCat. defallir, Romanic type
defallire, f. De- + fallire, fallere, L. fallére: see
Fain. Cf. It. sfallire (disfallire), Sp. defallecer, to
fail. In English associated with DEFAULT sé.]
1. intr. To be wanting ; to fail. Oés. (exc. as in
quot. 1860, transf. from sense 3.)
©1340 Cursor M. 8572 (Fairf.) Riches sal pe defaute nane.
1382 Wycur View, xi. 33 3it flesh was in the teethe of hem,
ne defautide siche a maner mete. 1860 Merc. Marine Mag.
VII. 121 The Court advised the Captain to account to his
Owners for the money which was defaulting.
+b. To have want of, be deprived of. rare—'.
1440 Gesta Rom. xxxvi. 140 (Add. MS.), I leue to the my
doughtir .. and I comaunde the, that she defaute of none
thyng .. as longeth to a maiden for to haue. |
+ 3 To fail in strength or vigour, faint; to suffer
failure. Ods.
1382 Wyciir Fudg. viii. 5 And he seide .. 3yueth looues
to the puple, that is with me, for greetlich thei defauten
(1388 for thei failiden greetli]. /éid. 15 That we 3euen to
the men, that ben wery and han defautid, looues. a 1440
[see DerauLTine v6/, s6.). a1gg2 Greene JYames 1V,11.1i,
And can your .. king Default, ye lords, except yourselves
do fail? @1617 Bayne On Eph, (1658) 34 No inferiour cause
can default beside his intention. :
3. To make default ; to be guilty of default; to
fail to fulfil an obligation, esf. one legally required,
as to appear in court at the proper time.
1596 Spenser F. Q. v1. iii. 21 He .. pardon crav'd for his
so rash default That he gainst courtesie so fowly did default.
16ar Br. Mountacu Diatribe 47 This was .. punishable if
defaulted in. ri ea BalLey ( Ay 1828 [see DerauLTING
. W. Hamitton Pop, Educ. viii. (ed. 2) 1
aj. ©
he Dissenters .. in the Weekly Schools .. are grievously
defaulting. 1857 [see DerauLtinG ff/. a.}. © CARLYLE
Fredk, Gt. Il. vitt. iv. 318 There is one Rath. .who has been
found actually defaulting ; peculating from that pious hoard.
1892 Boston (Mass.) ¥rnd. 15 Jan. 8/3 Delaney was arrested
by officers. .this morning .. He was arrested July 21 .. and
defaulted.
b. To fail to meet financial engagements.
1868 Rocers /’ol. Econ. xix, (1876) 25) e colony .. will
cease to get fresh itors, as assuredly as any defaulting
foreign Government does. 1885 7th 11 June 925/2 To insist
upon Egypt paring bar creditors, and to let Turkey default
to hers is a palpable contradiction. 1886 Manch, Exam.
9 Jan. 5/1 Last year ..44 companies, with 8,386 miles of
main line, defaulted and passed into receiverships,
4. trans. To put in default ; to make or adjudge
a defaulter ; in Zaw, to declare (a y) in de-
enter judgement against him (see quot.
1828). ?
1375. Barsour Bruce 1. 182 Thone the balleoll, that swa
sone Was all defawtyt & wndone. 1574 tr. Littleton's
Tenures 87 a, No man of full age shalbe received in any ple
by the law to difalt or disable his owne person, 1597 SKENE
e Verb. Sign. s.v. Sok, The court beand fensed, the Serjand
thereof sall call the Soytes, and defalt the absentes. 1828
Wesster, Default, to call a defendant officially, to a r
and answer in court, and on his failing to answer, todeclare
him in default, and enter judgment against him ; — the
defendant be defaulted .. [also] the cause was defaulted.
+5. To fail to perform; to omit, neglect. Ods.
1648 Mitton Tenure aay > (1649) 32 Wee shall not need
dispute .. what they have defaulted towards him as no king.
SAnpERSON Serm. (1689) 388 He that defalteth any-
thing of that just honour,
6. To fail to pay.
1889 Pall Mall G. 27 Apr. 6/3 Mexico .. defaulted her in-
terest after promising to pay 5 per cent.
DEFAULTY. |
seme tiant, = [f. penee v. ere
ot repr. any Fr. form.] Defaulti ilty of
po lad J ting, guilty
1884 A. A. Putnam 10 Yrs. Police Fudge v. 30 It did not
had been delinquent,
oe that the offending officials
tant, or otherwise derelict.
+ Defaulted, f//.a. Ots. [f. Deraunr sé. or
v.+-ED.] Having defaults or defects ; defective.
1580 E. Kwicut Trial Truth 63 (T.) The old defaulted
building being rid out of the way.
Defaulter ag ras [f Dzrautr v. + -ER.]
One who is guilty of default; es. one who fails to
perform some duty or obligation legally required
of him; one who fails to a’ when required.
1666-7 Marvett Corr. Ixv. Wks. 1872-5 II. 206 On Friday
the defaulters upon the call of the House are to be called
over. 1686 Plot Staffordsh. 436 Vhe defaulters being many,
and the amercements by the Oticers perhaps not sometimes
over reasonable. 1727-51 Cuampers Cycl. s.v. Default,
Judgment may be given against the defaulter. 1848 Tnack-
eRAY Van, Fair lvi, Master Osborne, you came a little late
this morning, and haye been a defaulter in this res more
than once. Brack Green Past. xi. (1878) 85 There was
no chance of a defaulter sneaking off in the night without
paying his fourpence,
. Mil. A soldier guilty of a military crime or
offence. Also attrib,
1823 in Crass Techn. Dict. 1844 Regul. & Ord. Army
119 fi to the Defaulters' Room for any peri
not exceeding seven days. . being drilled with the Defaulters
during that time. 1853 Srocqueter Milit. Encycl., De-
Jaulters’ Book, aregimental record of the crimes of the men.
1892 Daily News 25 Mar. 3/2, I attach a copy of Private
O'Grady’s defaulter-sheet.
e. One who fails properly to account for mone
or other property entrusted to his care, esp. throug
having misappropriated it to his own use.
1823 Crass /echu. Dict., Defaulter (Com.), one who is
deficient in his accounts, or fails in making his accounts
correct. 1856 E. A. Bonn Russia at Close 16th C. (Hakluyt
Soc.) Introd. 81 He was soon .. d .-as a defaul
in his accounts. 1887 /Vestm. Rev. June 298 The Receiver-
General for Lower Canada became a defaulter to the extent
of £96,000 of public money.
d. One who fails to meet his money engage-
ments ; one who becomes bankrupt.
1858 Simmonps Dict. 7ydde, Defaulter..a trader who
fails in his payments, or is unable to meet his engagements.
1887 Pall Mail G. 28 June 9/2 Mr. H—. has been officially
declared a defaulter upon the Stock Exchange.
+ Defau'ltiness. O/s.—° In 6 defalt-, ff.
DEFAULTY @, + -NESS.
1530 Patscr. 212/2 Defaltynesse, favte.
Defaulting (difltin), vé/. sb. [f. Deravir
v. + -ING!,] Failing, failure (ods.); failing in an
obligation.
1382 Wycuir IVisd. xi. 5 The enemys .. suffreden peynes,
fro the defauting of ther drinc. a 1440 Found. St. Barthol.
45 For Get oh mad of his hert, the vtteryng of his voice
beganne to breke. 1870 Emerson Soc. §& Solit., Work &
rain Wks. (Bonn) III. 67 Shameful defaulting, bubble, and
nkruptcy.
Defau'lting, 7//. a. [-1Nc*.] That defaults:
see the vb. (es. in sense 3).
1828 Wenster, Defanlting, ppr. 1. Failing to fulfill a con-
tract; delinquent. 2. Failing to perform a duty or legal
requirement; as, a as a Walsh, 1857 G.
Wuson Let. in Mem. x. (1 ) 4 4, 1 took a defaulting
lecturer's place at the Philosophi nstitution. Law
Times LXXXVIII. 115/2 A writ of sequestration. .against
a defaulting trustee.
Defau'ltive, c. Ols. [f. Deraurr sd. +
“IVE, after F, fautif, -ive: cf. Favvtive.] Deficient,
faulty, remiss.
argoo Wycur Exod. vi. 12 (MS, B, etc.) Hou schal
i brood per moos sithen Y - Miyano [v. 7. hee i
efautiyf] in lippis. ¢1g00 Lan/ranc’s Ci ie e
ryngis whanne pei ben joyned wip merie bei ben utif
azens pe merie. a 1641 Br. Mounracu Acts & Afon. (1642)
274, I never was i nor defaltive in any thing which
might conduce unto, or advance your benefi
t.
+ Defau'ltless, 2. Os. rare—'.
Faultless. ica wet
1 Hampore Pr. Conse. yrnes i fe
bee: -Pat any man myght yne defautles War Be
@ poynt to pat fairnes.
Defau'ltress. ave.
A female defaulter. i
1736 Swirt New Prop. Quadrilie, The defaultress to be
amerced as foresaid at the next meeting.
+Defau'lture. O¢s. rare. [f. Deravit v. +
-uRE: cf. failure] The action of defaulting ;
failure to fulfil an engagement.
31632 /ndenture in Arb. Conner I.
ies
ld fi
[-Lzss ]
[f. DerauLTER + -Ess.]
317 If oy one of the
fi pa as fail in t y such money
..then it should be lawful to and for the rest of the said
parties..to supply the same, or to admit some other person
or persons to have the share of such defaulture, paying the
sum imposed on the said share,
Also 5 defawty, 5-6
+ Defawlty, Obs.
[f. DerauLT sb, + -¥:
1 a
-fauti, -fautie, -fauty.
cf. Derauttive, Fauvty.] Faulty, defective, in
fault.
€ Promp. Parv. 115 Defawty, defectivus.
Poon Rook xiii. 72 Remudae aha ellis in hem schulde
be untrewe and defauti. 1462 Marc. Paston in Le?t.
No. 436 IL. 84 He. .swore sore he was nevyr defawty in that
have thowte hym defawty in. 1526 Prlgr. Perf. (W. de
-1531) 214 In the whiche werk so be founde defauty,
DEFEASANCE.
it shall be layde to his charge. 1530 PAatsGr. 309/2 De-
faulty, in blame for a matter, Duden Sauteuse.
De: , obs. form of DEFEAT.
Defe, obs. form of Dear,
Defeasance (difi-zins). Forms: 5 defes-
ance, Sc. defasance, 6 depheazance, Sc. defais-
ance, 6-7 defeasans, defeysance, 7 defeisance,
6-9 defeazance, 6- defeasance. [ME. a. AF.
defesaunce, OF. defesance undoing, destruction, f.
OF, defesant, des-, pr. pple. of desfaire (now dé-
Saire) to undo, destroy, f. des-, dé-, DE- I. 6 + faire
to do. See -aNncr.]
1. Undoing, bringing to nought; ruin, defeat,
overthrow. (Now always coloured by 2.)
1590 Spenser /. Q. 1. xii. 12 Where that champion stout
After his foes defeasaunce did remaine. 1616 R. CARPENTER
Christ's Larum-bell 61 Notwithstanding the discouery and
defeysance of their manifold mischieuous designments.
@ 1617 Bayne Ox Eph. (1658) 35 He my suffer defeasance
in the intentions hee purposeth. 1847 Grote Greece 11. ix.
III. 21 It was always an oligarchy which arose on the
defeasance of the heroic kingdom. 1874 Stusss Const. Hist.
I. viii. 235 The extinction or other defeasance of the old
royal houses.
2. Law. The rendering null and void (of a former
act, an existing condition, right, etc.).
1592 GreENE Def. Conny Catch. (1859) 15 The gentleman
.. promised to acknowledge a statute staple to him, with
letters of defeysance. 1602 FuLBEcKE 2nd Pt. Parall. 68
As to conditions impossible in facte, such conditions if they
go to the defeasans of an estate, the estate notwithstanding
remaineth good, 1628 Coxe On Litt. 236b, Indentures of
Defeasance. 1765 BLackstone Comm, I. 211 It was not a
defeazance of the right of succession. 1827 JARMAN Powell's
Devises (ed. 3) 11. 242 An executory devise, limited in de-
feazance of a preceding estate.
3. Law. A condition upon the performance of
which a deed or other instrument is defeated or
made void; a collateral deed or writing expressing
such condition.
1428 Surtees Misc. (1890) 9 An obligacyon..and a defes-
ance made yer apon yat ye sayd John Lyllyng fra yan
furth suld be of gude governaunce. 1580 SIDNEY Arcadia
lL. 293 A sufficient defeazance for the firmest bond of good
nature, 1634 Forp P. Waréeck u. iii, No indenture but
has its counterpawn: no noverint but his condition or
defeysance. 164r Vermes de la Ley 103 A defeasance is
usually a deed by it selfe concluded and agreed on betweene
the parties, and having relation to another deed or grant.
1767 BLackstone Comm. II. 327 A defeazance is a collateral
deed, made at the same time with a feoffment or other con-
veyance, containing certain conditions, upon the performance
of which the estate then created may be defeated or totally
undone, 1875 Poste Gaius u1. Comm, (ed. 2) 414 The
warrant being accompanied by a defe e declaring it to
be merely a security for payment,
+4. Sc. Acquittance or discharge from an obli-
gation or claim. Ods.
1478 [see DEFEASEv. 2]. 1489 Sc. Acts Yas. IV (1597) §
The saidis letters of discharge to be na defaisance to hen
1551 Sc. Acts Mary (1597) § 10 It sal be leasum to the
a lleres, notwithstanding the defai ¢ maid presently,
gif they please to bye in againe. . Defaisance of payment.
Hence Defea'sanced fa. fp/e. or a.
1846 Worcester, Defeasanced (Law), liable to be for-
feited. Burrows.
Defease, v. Also 5 Sc. defese, 6 Sc. defase,
7 defeise. [f. defeas-ance, defeas-ible, etc., and
thus representing OF, de(s)fes-, stem of desfazre to
undo; see DEFEASANCE.]
1. ¢vans. To undo, bring to nought, destroy. rare.
' x62 G. Sanpys Ovid's Met, 1v. (1626) 76 What? could
that Strumpets brat the form defeise Of poore Mzonian
Saylers, drencht in Seas? 1866 J. B. Rosz Ovid's Fasti
vt. 836 Now on the Ides all order is defeased.
+2. Sc. To discharge from an obligation, acquit.
b. To discharge (a part), deduct. Ods.
Act, Dom. Conc. 22 (Jam.) Becauss the thane of
Caldor allegis that he has charteris to defese him tharof
{payment}, the lordis assignis him. .to schew tha charteris,
and sufficiand defesance. 1551 Sc. Acts Mary (1597) § 10
The awner .. sall not bee halden to paye mair .. then
cummis to the residue thereof, the saidis sext, fifth and
fourth partes, vespectiué, being defaised. 1664 NewsyTi
in M. P. Brown Sufi, Decis. (1826) 1. 499 Notwithstanding
of the Mea shillings Scots to be defeased to the defender
upon the bol
+ Defease, sd. Sc. Ods. [f. prec. vb.] Dis-
charge, acquittance ; = DEFEASANCE 4.
1491 Ld. Treas. Acc. Scotl. 1. 166 Chauncellare, we charge
3ow that,.3e here the Thesauraris compt and defeis, and
allow as 3e think accordis to resone
Defeasible (difrzib’l),a. Also 6 defeazable,
9 -ible, 7 defesible, -eable, 7-9 defeasable. [a,
AF, defeaszble (Lyttelton) :—OF. type *de(s)fazsible,
*de(s\festble, f. de(s\faire, de(s)fes-, to undo + -BLE.
Cf. FrastBik.] Capable of being, or liable to be,
undone, ‘defeated’ or made void ; subject to for-
feiture.
1586 Ferne Blaz. Gentrie 301 There be two or three rules
to be obserued, otherwise the adoption is defeasible. 1612
Davirs Why Ireland, etc, (1747) 81 He came to the Crowne
of England by a defeasible title. 1767 Blackstone Comm.
IL. 393 In all these creatures, reclaimed from the wildness
of their nature, the property is not absolute, but defeasible.
1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) IV. 105 A confirmation may make
a voidable or defeazible estate good, 1876 Bancrorr Hist.
U.S. 1. xv. 456 The unlettered savage..might deem the
English tenure defeasible.
|
127
Hence Defea‘sibleness, Defeasibi lity.
1610 Donne Pseudo Martyr 158 Much lesse .. were our
Lawes subject to that frailty and Defeseablenesse. 1885
Str F. Nortu in Law Ref, 29 Ch. Div. 542 The defeasibility
of the gift in favour of Mrs. White.
Defeat (difzt), sb. [Appears at end of 16the.:
f. DEFEAT v., prob. after F. défazte sb. (1475 in
Matzf.) : the latter was the ordinary fem. sb. from
défait, -e, pa. pple. of défaire vb., =It. désfatta ‘an
yndoing, an ynmaking’ (Florio), a defeat, a rout ;
Romanic type *disfacfa: see DEFEAT v.]
+1. Undoing; ruin; act of destruction. Zo make
defeat upon (of): to bring about the ruin or de-
struction of. Ods.
1599 Suaks. Much Ado w. i. 48 If you .. Haue vanquisht
the resistance of her youth, And made defeat of her vir-
ginitie. 1602 — Ham. u. ii. 598 A king, Vpon whose pro-
erty, and most deere life, A damn’d defeate was made. 1621
EAUM. & Fi. Thierry & Theo.v. ii, After the damned defeat
on you. @1634 CuHarman Rev. Honour, That he might
meantime make a sure defeat On our good aged father’s
life. 1636 Davenant /’/ts v. v, I cannot for my heart pro-
ceed to more Defeat upon thy liberty.
2. The action of bringing to nought (schemes,
plans, hopes, expectations); frustration. (Now
usually fig. of 3.)
1599 SHaks. Hen, V,1. ii. 213 So may a thousand actions
once a foote.. be all well borne Without defeat. 1645
Evetyn Mem, (1857) I. 191 After I had sufficiently com-
plained of my defeat of correspondence at Rome. 1667
Lp. G. Dicsy Elvira t. ii, Th’ ingenious defeats .. You are
prepar’d to give to her suspicions. 1675 Avt Contentm. ix.
§ 3. 224 With him .. whose perpetual toil makes him insen-
sible what the defeat of sport signifies. _ 1738 WARBURTON
Div. Legat. u. Notes (R.), The defeat of Julian's impious
purpose to rebuild the temple of Jerusalem. 1859 TENNYSON
Guinevere 621, | must not dwell on that defeat of fame.
3. The act of overthrowing in a contest, the fact
of being so overthrown or overcome; overthrow.
With objective genitive, or its equivalent, as ‘ after their
defeat by the Romans’, ‘the defeat of Bonaparte at Water-
loo’; phrases, to inflict a defeat upon, t give a d. to, to
defeat ; to suffer, sustain, t receive a defeat, to be defeated.
a. in a military contest or fight. (The usual
term from ¢ 1650.)
1600 E. Biount tr. Conestaggio 298 They had newes in
Fraunce of the defeat of the armie. 1657 North's Plutarch,
Adait, Lives 57 To revenge the Defeat which they received
at Derbent. 1659 B. Harris Parival’s [ron Age 213 Prince
Rupert. .notwithstanding his late defeat at Marston Moore.
Jbid. 298 They gave a totall defeat to the Turkish Fleet.
1667 Mitton P. /. 1. 135 The dire event, That with sad
overthrow and foul defeat Hath lost us Heav’n. 1710
STEELE Zatler No. 74 P 12 He received the News of the
Defeat of his Troops. 1841 Etruinstone Hist. /nd. 11.
103 He at last suffered a total defeat, and lost all his acqui-
sitions. 1874 GREEN Short Hist, vii. § 8. 430 The defeat of
the Armada.
b. in other contests or struggles, e.g. in parlia-
ment, the defeat of a ministry, of the supporters
of a measure, of a measure itself.
1697 Jer. Cottier “ss, Mor. Suby., Confidence (1698) 103
A Man of Confidence. .is ready to rally after a Defeat ; and
grows more troublesome upon Denial. 1848 Macaulay
Hist, Eng, 11. 26 In that House of Commons. .the Court
had sustained a defeat ona vital question. 1884 GLADSTONE
in Standard 29 Feb. 2/7 The vote upon redistribution of
power brought about the defeat of the first Reform Bill,
4. Law. The action of rendering null and void.
Defeat (d‘frt), v. Forms: 4-5 deffete, 4-7
defete, 5 deffayt, dyffeat, 5-7 defait, 6 defayte,
-fette, -feict, -faict, disfeat, 6-7 defeate, 7 de-
feit, 6- defeat. [f. OF. defert, -fait, orig. desfait,
pa. pple. of desfatre=It. disfare, late L. diffacére,
disfacére, to undo, unmake, mar, destroy (in Salic
Law and Capitula Car. Magn.), f. L. dis- (see
Dre- I. 6) + facére to do, make. Apparently the
OF. pa. pple. defart, defeit was first taken into
Eng. as a pa. pple. (see Dererr, defer) ; this was
soon extended to defeted, and defete taken as the
stem of an Eng. verb: cf. the dates of these.
_ (The pa. pple., and even the pa. t., were sometimes defeat
in 16-17th c.)]
+1. trans. To unmake, undo, do away with; to
ruin, destroy. Ods.
1435 Rolls Parl. 490 Ve saide pouere Toune of Caleys, yat
by ye continuance of ye saide Staple hath hiderto been
gretly maintened .. [is] like to bee defaited and lost. 148r
Caxton Myrr.1. i. 7 God may make alle thyng & alle deffete
orvnmake. 1481 — Godfrey 21 Whan Titus. .deffeted and
destroyed al the cyte. 3509 Hawes Past. Pleas. xxxvilt.
xii, Her lusty rethoryke My courage reformed. .My sorowe
defeted, and my mynde dyde modefy. 1548 Hatt Ch7on.
184 To subverte and defaict all lusions and agr 5
enacted and assented to, in the last Parliament. 1604
Suaks. O¢/, 1. ii. 160 Vnkindnesse may do much; And his
vnkindnesse may defeat my life. 1605 Bacon Adv, Learn.
1. xxii, § 5 (1873) 207 Great and sudden fortune for the
most part defeateth men. 1611 Corcr., Desfaire, to vndoe ;
..defeat, discomfit, ouercome;_ruine, destroy, ouerthrow.
1632 Lirucow 7rav, vit. 343 Thy wals defeat, were rear’d
with fatall bones.
+2. To destroy the vigour or vitality of; to cause
to waste or languish ; fa. pp/e. wasted, withered.
1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 11. i. 30 Pou languissed and art
deffeted for talent and desijr of pi raber fortune. 1483
Caxton Gold. Leg. 136/1 My_body is deffeted by the
tormentis, that the woundes suffre nothyng to entre in to
my thought, :
DEFEATED.
+8. To destroy the beauty, form, or figure of ; to
disfigure, deface, spoil. Ods.
1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 1. xli. 65 a/2
She was soo deffayted and dysfygured by the grete absty-
nences that she made. /é7d. 1. 1. 101 b/2 His vysage..was
also pale and dyffeated as of adeed man. 1495 7 revisa's
Barth. De P. R.w. iii. (ed. W. de W.) 83 Dryenesse..
makyth the body euyll colouryd, and defacyth and de-
fetyth [corpus discolorat et deformat; Harl. MS. 4787
(c 1410) euel y-hewed & defacep & defete ; Addit. MS. 27944
(c 1425) euel I-hewed & defactif & defete; or%g. probably
euel yhewed & defaced & defet). 1604 SHAks. O¢A, 1. iii.
346 Defeate thy fauour, with an vsurp'd Beard.
+4, Hunting. To cut up (an animal), Ods.
14.. Le Venery de Twety in Rel, Ant. 1.153 And whan
the hert is take. .and shal be defeted. /d/d. 154 And whan
the boor is i-take, he be deffetyd al velue,
5. To bring to nought, cause to fail, frustrate,
nullify (a plan, purpose, scheme, etc.).
1474 Caxton Chesse 65 Thynges and honoures shal ben
defetid by sodeyn deth. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531)
34b, Whiche illusyon. .as soone as it was detected .. anone
it auoyded & was defeted. 1538 Starkey England iv.
118 Yf hyt were wel ordryd justyce schold not be so de-
fettyd. 1602 Suaks. Ham, 11. ili. 40 My stronger guilt,
defeats my strong intent. 1660 HickERINGILL Jamaica
(166t) 73 The most promising designs .. are many times
easily defeated. 1708 J. CHAMBERLAYNE S¢. Gt, Brit. 1. m1.
x. (1743) 204 Almost sufficient to defeat the old adage,
“Rome was not built ina day’. 1781 CowPER Charity 38
To thwart its influence, and its end defeat. 1818 Cruisr
Digest (ed. 2) 1V. 414 ‘Vo. .defeat the ulterior objects of the
articles, 1855 Emerson J//sc. 223 A man who commits a
crime defeats the end of his existence.
6. Law. To render null and void, to annul.
1525 Tunstat, etc. Zo Wolsey (MS. Cott. Vesp. C mt.
189 b), In case ye wold have those points at this tyme be ex-
presse convention defeatyd. 1583 IW7lls §& /nv. N.C.
(Surtees) II. 62 Herbye defeating all former will and willes,
by me att anye tyme made. 1642 Perkins /’rof. BA. iv.
$279 This exchange is good until it be defeated by the
wife or her heire. 1767 Biackstone Comm. 11. 142 The
lessee’s estate might also, by the antient law, be at any
time defeated, by a common recovery suffered by the
tenant of the freehold. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) IT. 49
A condition that defeats an estate. 1848 WuHarton Law
Lex. sv. Defeasance, A Defeasance on a bond. .defeats
that in the same manner.
7. To do (a person) out of (something expected,
or naturally coming to him); to disappoint, de-
fraud, cheat.
1538 Starkey England 1. iv. 121 The credytorys holly are
defayted of theyr dette. 1542-3 Act 34-5 //ex. V///, c. 20
§1 Feined recoueries..to binde and defete their heires
inheritable by the limitacion of suche giftes. 1569 NewTon
Cicero's Olde Age 14a, That they might defeate him from
the use and possession of his goods. 1633 Br. Hatt Hard
Texts 382 That thou maist not be defeated of that glory
which awaits for thee. 1667 Mitton ?. L. x1. 254 Death..
Defeated of his seisure. 1767 BLackstone Coma. I. 475
A means of defeating their landlords of the security which
the law has given them. 1777 Jounson Let. to Mrs.
Thrale 6 Oct., Having been defeated of my first design.
1846 Mitt Logic ui. xxvi. § 3 The assertion that a cause
has been defeated of an effect that is connected with it by
a completely ascertained law of causation.
+b. To deprive of (something one already pos-
sesses); to dispossess. Ods.
1ggt Harincton Ori. Fur. xxxvi. xlvii. (1634) 301 Rogero
sunders them..Then of their daggers he them both de-
feateth. 1606 Day /le of Guds 1. il. (1881) 12 That who-
soeuer..can defeate him of his daughters shall with theyr
loues inioy his dukedome. 1677 Govt. Venice 29 They are
never defeated of those marks of Honour, unless they have
done something dishonourable.
8. Todiscomfit or overthrow in a contest ; to van-
quish, beat, gain the victory over: a. in battle.
The sense gradually passes from ‘undo, annihilate, ruin,
cut to pieces, destroy, rout’, in the early quots., to that
merely of ‘beat, gain the victory over, put to the worse’, in
the modern ones. (Not in Shaks.)
1562 J. SHute Cambine’s Turk. Wars 6 The armie of
Baiazith was defeicted, and he taken by Tamerlano. 1579
E. K. Gloss. Spenser's Sheph. Cad. June, Great armies were
defaicted and put to flyght at the onely hearing of hys
name. 1606 HoLLanp Sxefon. 15 After this, he defeited
Scipio and Ivba. _ /ééd. 47 When Lollius and Varrus were
defaited. 1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto’s Trav. 47 Then... he
made an end of defeating them, the most of them being
constrained to leap into the Sea. 1667 Lp. Orrery State
Lett. (1743) I. 213 Three English ships .. fell on the Irish,
killed some, and defeat the rest. 1776 7'rial of Nundocomar
64/2 Their army was defeated before the walls of Patna.
1838 THirtwat Greece 1V. 437 An engagement followed,
in which Therimachus was defeated and slain. 1861 Westm.
Rev. Oct. 497 But though defeated the Cotton States were
not vanquished.
b. transf. and fig.
178r Cowrer Retirement 781 "Tis love like his that can
alone defeat The foes of man. 1818 SHettey Rev. /slam
vi. lii, But that she Who loved me did with absent looks
defeat Despair. 1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirl. IIl. 139
Isabell was not to be so easily defeated.
+ Defea‘tance. Obs. rare. [f. Dergat v. +
-ancE. (Not in Fr.)] Defeat.
ax61z2 Broucuton Wks. (1662) III. 693 By 3000 well
giuen to acourtier anda lady, procured grief to Q. Elizabeth
and defeatance.
Defeated (d/f7'téd), AA/.a. [-mp1.] Undone,
frustrated, vanquished, etc. ; see the verb.
160z SHaks. Ham. 1. ii. 10 As 'twere, with a defeated ioy.
1660 HIcCKERINGILL Yamaica (1661) 86 Daring to rally
defeated courage. a 1859 Macautay Hist. Eng. V. 239
The malevolence of the defeated party soon revived in all
its energy.
DEFEATER.
Defeater (difito1). [-2r1.] One who or that
which defeats.
1844 Turrer Crock of G, xiii, That inevitable defeator of
all printed secrets—impatience. 1864 Sata in Daily Te?.
Ir ., The loss inflicted by the defeated on the defeater.
Defeating, v/. sb. [-1nc1.] The action of
the verb DEFEAT, q.v.
Pe Good Newes fr. Fraunce Title-p., Together with the
eating, drowning, and taking of much victuaille, corne
and money, sent by the enemy. 1 Watson T?ars of
Fancie xxvi. Poems (Arb.) 191 liue I now and looke for
ioyes defeating. 1659 B. Harris Parival’s Iron Age 94
e defeating of some companies of Dragoons.
Defea‘ting, #//. 2. [1NG2.] That defeats;
see the verb.
1674 Bovte Excell. Theol. 1. iii. 106 The defeating dis-
positions of his providence.
+ Defea'tment. Ods. [f. DEFEAT v. + -MENT.]
The action of defeating, defeat.
1. In battle or war; =DEPrEAT sé. 3.
1598 Barret Theor. Warres w. i. 98 The cause of many
defeatments. a1635 Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 19
Considering the defeatments of Blackwater. 1733 MILLNER
Compend. Frnl. 167 The Seat of the War was wholly in
Flanders, removed thither by the French Defeatment.
2. Undoing, frustration, disappointment (of a
purpose, design, etc.) ; = DEFEAT sé. 2.
1647 Spricce Anglia Rediv. 1. vi. (1854) 53 Had these
letters been delivered to the King (as they might have been
but for this defeatment). 1674 Owen Ws. (1851) VIII. 491
The defeatment of these advantages. 1681 H. More Exf.
Dan. 261 In defeatment of his Power and Laws in the
Church.
Also
Defeature (d/f7*tiiiz), sb. Obs. or arch.
7 defaiture, defeiture, diffeature. [a. OF.
deffaiture, desfaiture, f. desfaire to undo, etc., after
faiture:—L. factira making, doing. In Eng. con-
formed in spelling to defeat, and in sense 2 associ-
ated with feature.]
+1. Undoing, ruin; =DeEreat sb. 1. Obs.
I Danie Compl. Rosamond, The Day before the
Night of my Defeature. 1596 Srenser /. Q. tv. vi. 17 For
their first loves defeature. 1615 Life Lady Fane Grey
Biij b, After her most vnfortunate marriage and the utter
defaiture almost of her name and honours. 1616 R. C.
Times’ Whistle iii. goo To make defeature Of his estate in
blisse he doth intend.
2. Disfigurement, defacement; marring of features.
arch. Cf. DEFEAT v. 3.
Now chiefly an echo of the Shaksperian use.
1590 Suaks. Com. Err. v. i. 299 Carefull houres with times
deformed hand, Haue written strange defeatures in my face.
Ibid. u.i. 98. 1592 — Ven. § Ad. 736 To mingle beauty
with infirmities, And pure perfection with impure defeature.
1797 Mrs. A. M. Bennetr Beggar Girl (1813) V. 312 All the
defeatures of guilt. .stood on Aa brow of the former. 1829
Soutuey Collog. Society Ded. 1. iv, Ere heart-hardening
bigotry.. With sour defeature marr'd his countenance. 1842
Tait's Mag. YX. 354 To see the veil uplifted from the
deformities and defeatures of my fellow-creatures.
+3. Frustration; = DEFEAT sd. 2. Obs.
1609 Br. W. Bartow Answ. Nameless Cath. 14 The
defeature and discouerie of those horrible Traitors. 1668
E. Kemp Reasons for Use of Ch. Prayers 10 Have they
had no disappointments, no defeatures? _168r GLANVILL
Sadducismus 1. (1726) 31 The Defeature of its Purposes.
+4. Defeat in battle or contest. Oés.
1598 Frorio, Soffratto, a defeature or ouerthrow. 1601
Ho tanp Péiny TI. 481 After the defeiture of K. Perseus.
1623 Masstncer Bondman i.i, Have you acquainted her
with the defeature Of the Carthaginians, 1810 SouTHey
Kehama x1. ii, Complaining of defeature twice sustain’d,
hs Fraser's Mag. X. 417 This comfort we to our defeature
end.
Defea‘ture, v. [f. prec.sb., sense 2. Cf. OF.
deffaiturer (13th c. in Godef.), with which however
the Eng. word is not historically connected.] /vans.
To dishgure, deface, mar the features of. Hence
Defea‘tured f//. a.
1792 J. Fennett Proc. at Paris (L.), Events defeatured
by exaggeration. 1818 Blackw. Mag. Il. 493 A.. face,
defeatured horribly. 1863 Lp. Lyrton Ring Amasis Il.
137 Ruined defeatured shapes of Beauty.
Defeazable, -ance, var. DEFEASABLE, -ANCE.
+ Defecate, Fae a. Obs, Also 5 deficate, 7
defecate. [ad. L. défwcat-us, pa. pple. of dzfecare
(see next). In early times used as pa. pple. of
Derecate v.]
1. Purified from dregs, clarified, clear and pure.
a. as Fed
1 Lyot Cast. Helthe (1541) 34 b, Ale or biere welle and
perfytely brewed and clensed, and. .settled defecate.
1650 W. Broucu Sacr. Princ. (1659) 257 Joys..defecate
from your dregs of guilt.
. as ad). rs
1 Newton Lemnie's Complex. (1633) 143 This pure,
att, defecate, lovely, and << juyce, 1621-51 Lat.
Mel. i. ii. 1. i. 233 Many rivers..defecate and clear. 167
R. Bonun Wind 235 e Air is generally defecate and
1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. v. 146 It renders the
mass of bloud defacate. a ?
2. Mentally, morally, or opictually purified.
1450 Henryson Zest. Cres. (R.), Sith ye are all seven
deficate Perticipant of diuine sapience. 62x Burton
Anat, Mel. 1. iv. 1. i, Calvinists, more defecate than the
rest, yet..not free from superstition. 1653 H, More Con-
ject. Cabbal. I ig ) 23 A pure and defecate Aethereal Spirit.
1742 Youne N+. 7h. ix. 1209 Minds elevate, and panting for
unseen, And defecate from sense.
to DEFECATE.
128
Defecate (de'frkeit), 7. Also 6 defieate, 7-9
defecate. [f. ppl. stem of L. diwcare to cleanse
from dregs, patil f. De- I. 6 + fex, pl. fac-es
dregs. Cf. F. déféguer (16th c. in Littré).]
‘1. trans. To clear from dregs or impurities; to
purify, clarify, refine.
1 Lanenam Let. (1871) 58 When..it iz defecated by al
nig ts standing, the drink iz the better, 162x Burton Anat.
‘e/. 1. ii. 1. i, Some are of opinion that such fat d
‘DEFECT. —
Immort. Soul Introd. v.-2 Which Il being noug
of Good, 1632 J, Havwarp tr, Biondi’s
th b and defect.
Macautay Hist. Eng. 1.
F
waters make the best Beere, and that seething doth defe-
cate it. 1707 SLoane Yamaica 1. 20 The gum, which
they defecate in water by boiling and purging. 1753
Hervey Theron & Asp. (1757) I. xii. 457 Some like the
Distillers Alembick sublimate; others ike the Common
sewers defecate. 188x H. Nicnotson From Sword to
Share xxxii. 255 The juice should be..defecated and con-
centrated on the most approved methods.
2. fig. To purify from pollution or extraneous
admixture (of things immaterial).
1621 Burton Anat. Mei. m. iv. 1. iii, Till Luther's time. .
who began upon a sudden to defecate, and as another sun
to drive away those foggy mists of superstition. 1648
BoyLe Seraph. Love (1700) 58 To Defecate and Exalt our
Conceptions. 1665 GLANVILL Scepsis Sci. i.17 If we defecate
the notion from materiality. 1751 Jounson Rambler No.
177 © 4 To defecate and clear my mind by brisker motions.
1866 Lowe. Biglow P. Introd, Poems 1890 IT. 162 A grow-
ing tendency to curtail language into a mere convenience,
and to defecate it of all emotion. W. M. Rosserti
Life of Shelley p. xx, To defecate life of its misery.
. To remove (dregs or faeces) by a purifying
process; to purge away; to void as excrement.
Also fig.
1774 Goipsm. Nat. Hist. (1862) I. iv. 13 It [the air] soon
began to defecate and to depose these particles upon the oily
surface, 1862 GouLsurn Pers. Relig. w. vii. (1873) 311 To
defecate the dregs of the mind. 1872 H. Macmittan True
Vine iii. 91 By the death of the body, sin is defecated
b. absol. To void the feces.
1864 in Wepster. 1878 A. Hamitton Nerv. Dis. 108 The
patient should not be allowed to get up to defecate. 1889
J. M. Duncan Clin, Lect. Dis. Women xiv. (ed. 4) 96.
Hence De‘fecating vd/. sb. and ff/. a.
1855 Maurice Let. in Life (1884) II. vii. 277 Get it clear
by any defacating processes. 1885 Manch. Even. News
29 May 2/2 The use of defecating powders.
Defecated (de‘fikeitéd), 2f/.a. [f. prec. +-ED.]
1. Cleared of dregs or impurities; clarified, clear.
1641 Witkins Math. Magick u. v. (1648) 185 Have the air
..So pure and defecated as is required. 1677 Grew Anat‘,
Fruits iii. § 6 A more defecated or better fined Juyce. 1733
Cueyne Eng. Malady Pref. (1734) 5 Generous, defecated,
spirituous Liquors. 1865 Sat. Rev. 17 June 721/1 We have
a right to ask..that our rivers should flow with water, and
not with defecated sewage.
2. fig. Mentally, morally, or spiritually purified.
1611 SpeeD /ist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xx. § 4 A great deale of
cleare elocution, and defacated conceit. 1793 T. Taytor
Orat. Julian 39 Consider the defecated nature of that pure
and divine body. 1862 F. Hatt Hindu Philos. Syst. 279
His judgment daily becomes more and more defecated.
3. transf. Of evil: Unmixed, unmitigated.
1796 Burke Let. Noble Ld, Wks. VIII. 57 The principle
of evil himself, sa ae, pure, unmixed, dephlegmated,
defecated, evil. 1827 Hare Guesses Ser. 1. (1873) 92 The Penal
Colonies. .have been the seats of simple, defecated crime.
Defecation (deffké'-fon). Also defecation.
[ad. L. défecation-em, n. of action from défecare
Also in mod.F.] The action or
process of defecating.
1. The action of dine pe from dregs or lees ;
cleansing from impurities ; clarification.
1656 Biount Glossog”., Defecation, a purging from dregs,
arefining. 1666 J. tls Old Age ied 2) ore Depuracion
and defxcation .. of the blood and vital spirits, 1865
Standard 26 Jan., Unless some means are taken for the de-
fecation of the sewage before it is discharged into the river.
2. Purification of the mind or soul from what is
gross or low.
ing ba Taytor Gt. Exemp.1. Ad § ix. 142 A defecation
of his faculties and an garde of Prayer.
3. The peng. 4 of the faeces.
1830 R. Knox Béclard's Anat. 310 In coughing, sneezing,
vomiting, defecation..a greater or less num of the
muscles..act in unison. 1847-9 Topp Cyc?. Anat. IV. 142/2
Cases of defecation of hair..are..to be received with dis-
trust. 1872 Huxtey PAys. vi. 153 When defecation takes
place.
Defecator (de'frkzito1). [agent-n. f. DEre-
OATE v.: see -OR.] One who or that which defecates
or purifies ; sfec. in Sugar-manufacture: see quot.
1874.
sang Nalmwening Defecator, that which cleanses or purifies.
1 niGHT Mech. Dict., Defecator, an ap ‘us for the
removal from a saccharine liquid of the immature and
feculent matters which would impair the concentrated re-
sult... Defecators for sorghum partake of the character of
filters. Ure Dict, Arts fit (Sugar), This dis-
solving pan is sometimes. .called a ‘defecator *.
Defect (difekt), sd. Also 5 defaicte, 5-6
defecte. [ad. L. défect-us defect, want, f. ppl.
stem of défictre to leave, desert, fail, etc.: see
Derrcr v. In early use repr, OF. defaicte priva-
tion, or defaict evil, misfortune: see DEFEAT v.]
1, The fact of being wanting or falling short;
lack or absence of something essential to com-
pleteness (opposed to excess) ; deficiency.
1589 Nasue /ntrod. Greene's aaa (Arb.) rr To
supplie all other inferiour foundations defects. 1592 Davies
b. Jn defect: wanting, deficient, defective. Jz
(for) defect of : in default of, for want of.
defect. Jéid. i. 5 Our bodies are .. prone to pii
defect of daily food. 164: Frencu DéstilZ. 1. (2653) 3 In
defect of a Furnace .. we may use a Kettle. 1
Browne Relig. Med. (1659) 174 That tquality) oe
defect the Devils are wabay . 1767 BLackstone Comm.
II. 76 Besides the odmeeeey il were liable to in defect of
personal attendance. 1865 Grote Plato I. i. 47 In other
{animals) water was in excess, and fire in defect. pe
2. A shortcoming or failing; a fault, blemish,
flaw, imperfection (in a person or thing).
c 1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 44 An hidde defaicte is sum-
tyme in nature Under covert. 1592 Suaxs. Ven. & Ad. 138
But having no defects, why dost abhor me? 1594 Hooker
Eccl. Pol. 1. i. (1611) 2 The manifold defects whereunto every
kind of regiment is subiect. 1647 CLarenvon /ist. Red. 1.
(1843) 25/1 The very good general reputation he had, not-
withstanding his defects, acquired. 1752 Fretpinc Covent
Gard. Frni. No. 56 Ill breeding. .is not a single defect, it is
the result of many. 1857 H. Reep Lect. Eng. Poets 1.x. 18
Its incurable defect is an utter absence of imagination. 1878
Mortey Crit. Misc., Vauvenargues 14 Vauvenargues has
the defects of his qualities.
b. Naut. (See quots.)
1829 Marryat F. Mildmay v, Having delivered .. an ac-
| count of our defects, they were sent up to the Admiralty.
1867 Smytu Sailor's Word-bk., Defects, an official return
| of the state of a ship as to what is required for her hull
and equipment, and what repairs she stands in need of.
Upon this return a ship is ordered to sea, into harbour, into
dock, or paid out of commission.
+8. The quality of being imperfect; defectiveness,
faultiness. Ods.
+538 Starkey England nu. i. 178 The defecte of nature ys
with vs such. ¢ 1600 SHAKS. Sonn, cxlix. 11 When all my
best doth worship thy defect. 1776 Sir J. Revnotps Disc.
vii. (1876) 414 The merit or defect of : ormances.
4. The quantity or amount by which anything
falls short ; in A/ath. a part by which a figure or
quantity is wanting or deficient.
1660 Barrow Euclid vi. xxvii, The greatest is that AD
which is applied to the half being like to the defect K I. 167.
Jeake Arith. (1696) 233 Supplying the defect of the Dividend
with Cyphers. 1823 H. J. Brooke /utrod. Crystallogr.
When a decrement by 1 row of molecules takes place on the
re 8 of any parallelopiped, the ratio of the edges of the
defect fete} 1858 Herscuet Astron. § 545 An allowance
ay tional to the excess or defect of Jupiter's distance
fi a che ean above or below its average amount.
+5. Failure (of the heavenly bodies) to shine;
eclipse ; wane of the moon. Oés. [L. défectus.]
1603 Hottanp Plutarch's Mor. 1 e defect of the
Moone and her occultation. 1607 Torse.t Four. Beasts
(1658) 4 When the moon is in the wane, they [Apes]
are heavie sorrowful .. for, as other ‘beasts, so do
these fear the defect of the stars and planets. 1692 Ray
Dissol. World 259 Prodigious and lasting Defects of the
Sun, such as happened when Czsar the Dictator was slain.
+6. A falling away (from), defection. Ods.
1s4o in St Eccl. Mem. 1. xix. The king .. made
a donct from his purpose of reformation with great precipi-
tancy. a Vey. 308 When a priest apostatizes
.. they seldom place his di to the account of conscience.
Defe'ct, a. Obs. [ad. L. défectus, pa. pple. of
défictre: see next.] Defective, deficient, wanting.
1600 Tourneur 7ransf. Meta . Prol. i, This hu:
concauitie, defect of light. —_ . Taytor (Water P.) Wks.
(N.), Their service was defect lame. 1664 Flodden F.
vi. 56 And advice was clean defect.
Defect, v. [f. L. déect-, a of déficere
to leave, desert, , eease, fail, f. De- + facere
to make, do. . intr.
+1. To fail, fall short, become deficient or want-
ing; to fall off from (a standard, etc.). Obs.
1586 J. Hooxer Girald. Irel. in Holinshed 11. iss ie
he perceiued that nature began to faile and , he
yeelded himselfe to die. 1598 Barcktey Felic. Man ww.
(1603) 315 The vertue and nesse of men seemeth to de-
fect from that of former ages. 1646 Sir T. Browne Psend.
Ep. 1. v. 18 Yet have the inquiries of most defected 4 the
way. e4 Gavute Magastrom. 295 The Moon ly
defected an — de Barrow Serm, Wks. 1716
IIL. 16 Not .. to defect from the right .. course thereto.
2. To fall away from (a person, , OF Cause) ;
to become a rebel or deserter. Now Oés. or rare.
1596 Datrymrce tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot, w. liii, 241 Thay
defected frome the Christiane Religioune. | Buck
Rich, 111, 1. 15 The Duke was now secretly in his heart de-
fected from the King, and become male-content. 1652 GAULE
Magastrom. 340 He defected, and fled to the contrary part.
1860 Russevt Diary India 1. xviii. 280 The native troops
and yen defected.
trans. p
+38. To cause to desert or fall away. Ods.
7636 PrYNNE Tek. ee Ded. Ayo Ons from
(t i ) throne, expell me t » 1685 F. Spence
House of Medici 373 ‘The means of defecting his garrison.
+4. To hurt, damage, make defective ; to dis-
honour. Oéds.
1579 Remedie agst. Loue Cij, To brydell all affectes, As
DEFECTANT.
..Drunkennesse, Whordome, which our God defectes, 1639 |
Troubles Q. Eliz. (N.), Men may much suspect ; But yet,
my lord, none can my life defect.
Hence + Defected Af/. a., + Defe'cting vd/. sd.
1589 Warner A/d, Eng. v. xxviii. (R.), Defected honour
neuer more is to be got againe. 1596 DaLtrympetr. Les/ie’s
Hist. Scot. (1885) 62 A certane gret schip, bot throuch aldnes
defected. 1602 CArEw Cornwall (1723) 140a, There dwelt
another, so affected, or rather defected [being deaf and
dumb]. 1635 Heywoop /Hierarch. 1. Comm. 104, I finde
myselfe much defected and disabled in my knowledge and
understanding. 1686 Evetyn Mem. (1857) II. 262 The Arch-
bishop of York now died..I look on this asa great stroke to
the poor Church of England, now in this defecting period.
Defectant (difektant). rare. [f. Derecr v.
+-AnT. (No ayia L. or F.)] = DEFEcror.
1883 Field 1 Dec. 759 Defectant after defectant causing. .
the honorary secretary an immense amount of trouble.
Defectibility (dffe:ktibiliti). [f. next +
-1rY.] Liability to fail or become defective.
1617 Bayne Ox Eph. (1658) 108 This is..to detect..the
defectibility. .in his creature. 1678 GALE Crt. Gentiles III.
4 Sin came first into the world from the Defectibilitie of
our first Parents their Free-wil. 1705 Pursuatt JAZech.
Macrocosnt 13 A Defectibilty in these is Inconsistent with
Infinite Wisdom. 1845 R. W. Hamitton Pop. Educ. viii.
(ed. 2) 192 The certain defectibility of all institutions, which
depend not upon the principle of self-government.
Defe‘ctible, z. Also 7 -able. [f. L. défect-,
ppl. stem of déicére (see DEFECT v.)+-BLE: cf.
perfectible.| Liable to fail or fall short.
a1617 Bayne Ox Eph, (1658) 104 The sin of a creature
defectable maybe ordained. 1674 Hickman Quinguart.
Hist, (ed. 2) 12 The defectible nature of the will. 1736
Butter Anal, 1. v. Wks. (1874) I. 10r Such creatures...
would for ever remain defectible
[ad.
Defection (d/fe'kfon). In 6 defeccion.
L. défectiin-em desertion, revolt, failure, eclipse,
deficiency, fainting, etc., n. of action from L.
déficére: see DeFEcTv. Cf. F. défection (in OF.
13-15th c., and in mod.F. 18-19th c., but obs.
in 16th c., when the Eng. word was adopted
from L.).]
1. The action or fact of failing, falling short or
becoming defective ; failure (of anything).
1544 Puaer Regim. Lyfe (1553) G vj b, Mani times foloweth
defeccion of the strength. 1576 FLEMING Panof/. Efist. 36
You..suffer no defection of your renoune, nor eclipse of
dignitie. 1650 Futter Pisgah u. 62 The stopping of the
waters [of Jordan] above must necessarily command their
defection beneath. 1655-60 Stantey Hist. Philos, (1701)
29/2 As soon as he remembred these words, he fell into
a great defection of Spirit. 1853 C. Bronte Villette xxiv,
I underwent .. miserable defections of hope, intolerable
encroachments of despair. 1874 H. R. Reynotps Yohn
Baft. iii. § 1. 129 All the cumbrous ceremonial might be
strictly attended to without flaw or defection.
+b. spec. Failure of vitality ; a fainting away
or swooning. Ods.
1615 CrookE Body of Man 417 The vrine that hee auoyded
in his defections orswounds. 1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit.
x1X, 680 It may be sometimes good in sudden Defections of
the Soul to sprinkle cold water on the Face. ;
+c. Imperfection, defectiveness; an instance of
this, a defect. Ods.
1576 Freminc Panopl. Epist. 273 In whom, if there be
any defection..it is to be referred to Nature. 1651 Life
Father Sarfi (1676) 93 He himself in his anatomy of his
affections and_ defections .. acknowledges himself to be
severe. 1656 BLount Glossogr., Defection..an infirmity.
1677 Hate Contempil. 1. 38 The Light of Nature shews us,
that there is a great defection and disorder in our Natures.
2. The action of falling away from allegiance or
adherence to a leader, party, or cause; desertion.
1552 Hutoet, Defection, properly wheras an armye doth
forsake their owne captayne. 1583 Srusses Anat. Abus.
11. (1882) 92 After the defection of Iudas the traitour. 1653
H. Coan tr, Pinto’s Trav. |xx. 284 Fearing lest the defec-
tion of his souldiers should daily more and more increase.
1670 R. Coxe Disc. Trade Pref., When the United Nether-
lands made their defection from the Crown of Spain. _ 1777
Rosertson Hist. Amer. (1778) I. vi. 251 A spirit of defec-
tion had already begun to spread among those whom he
trusted most. 1884 aneiay & Indep. 21 Feb. 186/3 The
Liberal defection on Wednesday morning was.. 1.
3. A falling away from faith, religion, duty, or
virtue ; backsliding ; apostasy.
1546 Bate Eng. Votaries u.(R.), Suche a defection from
Christ as Saint Paul speketh of. 1549 Latimer 5th Serm.
bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 132 Also the defection is come and
swaruinge from the fayth. 1622 T. TayLor Comm. Titus
ii, 1 The Lord for this end permitteth many generall defec-
tions and corruptions. 1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. w.
vii. 355 The defection ; disobedience of the first Man,
which brought Death into the World. 1738 WarsurToNn
Div. Legat. . 287 Their frequent Defections into Idolatry.
1772 Priesttey /ast, a (z782) I, The times of
defection and idolatry. x 'ARRAR E arly Chr, U1. 436
For each such defection we must find forgiveness.
Hence Defe-ctionist, one who advocates defec-
tion. 1846 Worcester cites Morn. Chron.
+ Defe'ctious, z. Ods. [f. DErxcrion: see
-ous. Cf. infectious.]
1. Having defects, defective.
18x Petrie Guazzo’s Civ. Conv. 1. (1586) 11b, Without
Conversation our life would bee elefebtlorae. 1581 Sipney
Afol. Poetrie (Arb.) 43 Perchance in some one defectious
peece, we may find a blemish.
2. Of the nature of defection or desertion.
1630 Lorp Relig. Persees Ep. Ded., Relapse and defectious
apostasie.
Vor, IIT.
129
Defective (dife'ktiv), a. and sé. Also 5 de-
fectif, -yf, def(f)ectyff(e, 5-6 def(f)ectyve.
[a. F. dé&fectsf, -ive (14th c, in Littré), ad. L. défec-
div-us (Tertull.), f. défect-, ppl. stem of défictre:
see DEFECT v.]
A. adj. 1. Having a defect or defects ; wanting
some essential part or proper quality ; faulty, im-
perfect, incomplete.
1472 in Surtees Misc. (1890) 25 The crosse in the markythe
his defectyff & lyke to fall. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng.
clxiv. 148 And tho lete kyng edward amende the lawes of
walys that were defectif. 1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, oe
Weightes and mesures so found defectif to be forfeit an
brent. 1528 Payne Salerne’s Regim. X ivb, Saffron com-
fortethe defectiue membres, and principallye the harte.
1599 Sanvys Europe Spec. (1632) 153 For a Prince hee hath
beene thought somwhat defective. 1663 GeRBIER Conmzsel
8 Why modern and daily Buildings are so exceedingly De-
fective? 1781 Cowper Poems, Ep. to Lady Austen 62 In
aid of our defective sight. 1860 TyNDALL Glac. 1, xxiv. 171
My defective French pronunciation. 1893 Law Times’ Rep.
LXVIII. 309/1 The defective condition of the drains.
b. Defective fifth (in Music): an interval con-
taining a semitone less than the perfect fifth.
Defective hyperbola (in Math.): = DEFICIENT
hyperbola.
1706 Puituirs (ed. Kersey), Semz-Diafason, a Term in
Musick, signifying a defective or imperfect Octave. 1727-
51 Cuampers Cycé, s. v. Curve, [Newton's] Enumeration of
the Curves of the second kind..Six are defective parabolas,
having no diameters. .Seven are defective hyperbolas, having
diameters. 1730-6 Battery (folio), Semidiapente, a defective
fifth, called a false fifth.
2. Defective in (+ of): wanting or deficient in.
1599 Sanpys Exvrope Spec. (1632) 112 A soveraigne pre-
servative, and defective of no vertue save Iustice and
Mercy. 1604 Suaxs. Oth. 11. i. 233 All which the Moore is
defectiue in. a@ 1639 W. WHATELEY Prototypes 1. xi. (1640)
107 Why are we so defective in this duty? 1 EVELYN
Mem. (1857) III. 305 Hence it is that we are in England so
defective of good libraries. 1713 AppiIson Guard. No. 110
P2 Our tragedy writers have been notoriously defective in
giving proper sentiments to the persons they introduce.
1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) IV. 121 The first portion of the
dialogue is in no way defective in ease and grace.
+3. At fault; that has committed a fault or
offence ; guilty of error or wrongdoing. Obs.
r4ot Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 106 Thou puttist defaut to
prestes, as erst thou didist to curates. I wot thai ben
defectif, bot 3it_stondith Cristis religion. 1467 in Lng.
Gilds (1870) 389 Yf suche a persone may be founde defectyf
by xij. men lawfully sworen. 1504 ATKYNSON tr. De /7ii-
tatione ui. xv, If thou founde thy aungels defectyue &
impure. 1518 Act 10 Hen. VIII in Stat. Ivel. (1621) 56
Persons..so founden defective or trespassing in any of the
said statutes, 1677 Govt. Venice 189 When any of them is
defective, he is responsible to that terrible Court.
4. Wanting or lacking (to the completeness of
anything).
1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 55 To supply that which
was defective in some, or to correct what was amisse in
others. 1711 Strype Parker 1v. iii. (R.), To have written
thereon what was defective. 1714 tr. Rived/a 68 He .. did
not then dream there was any thing in her Person defective
to his Happiness. 1864 Cartyte /vedk. Gt. (1865) 1V. xu.
v. 162, I wish you had a Fortunatus hat; it is the only
thing defective in your outfit.
5. Gram. Wanting one or more of the usual
forms of declension, conjugation, etc.
1530 Parser. Introd. 30 Verbes parsonall be of thre sortes,
parfyte, anomales, and defectyves. /did. 36 Some be yet
more deffectyves. 1824 L. Murray Exg. Gram. (ed. Agi
168 Defective Verbs are those which are used only in some
of their moods and tenses, (e. g.) Can, could..Ought..quoth.
+6. Defective cause: see DEFICIENT a. 3. Obs.
1624 N. De Lawne tr. Du Moulin’s Logick 60 Under the
Efficient cause we comprehend the cause which is called
Defective. As the want of sight is the cause of going
astray. 1678 GaLe Crt. Gentiles III. 195 Albeit Gods wil
be the effective and predeterminative cause of the substrate
mater of sin, yet it is no way a defective or moral cause of
sin.
B. sé. +1. A thing defective or wanting. Ods.
1497 Br. Atcock Mons Perfect. Aiij/2 No defectyue to
their comforte. .
2. gen. One who is defective. Ods.
@ 1592 H. Smitu Wks, (1866-7) I. 444, I cannot tell what
to make of these defectives. .they neither weep nor dance..
they weep almost, and dance almost.
b. spec. A person who is deficient in one or more
of the physical senses or powers. U.S.
1881 G. S. Hatt German Culture 267 She [Laura Bridg-
man] is not apt, like many defectives, to fall asleep if left
alone or unemployed. 1892 J. B. WEBER in V. Amer. Rev.
Apr. 425 Their paupers, criminals, or other defectives.
3. Gram. A defective part of speech. (Also fig.)
1612 Brinstey Pos. Parts (1669) 100 Rehearse the several
sorts of Defectives .. Aptots, Monoptots, Diptots, [etc.].
1eer-97 Fettruam Resolves ui. iv, 166 Certainly a Lyer,
though never so penal, is but a defective of the present
tense. 1863 W. Smitutr. Curtius’ Gr. Gram. § 200 Observe
further the Defectives; tozepos later, toratos ultimus,
[etc.]. 3
Defectively (difektivli), adv. [-ty2.] In
a defective manner ; imperfectly, faultily.
1611 Spgep Hist. Gt. Brit, Proem, Fabius Maximus is
reprehended by Polybius for defectiuely writing the Punicke
warres. 1653 Baxter Chr, C Pref. Cii, Because
«.the Duties..[are] so Defectively performed. 1818 Cruise
aed (ed. 2) IV. 274 To carry it into execution, though
defectively made. ax18s0 Rossetti Dante § Circ, 1. (1874)
84 It seemed to me that I had spoken defectively.
DEFENCE.
‘Defectiveness (difektivnés). [-nzss.] De-
fective quality or condition; the fact or state of
being defective ; faultiness.
1622 Matynes Anc. Law-Merch. 402 Let there be made
a Notariall Instrument or Act concerning the defectiuenesse
of the commodities. 1643 Mitton Divorce i. (1851) 22 The
unfitnes and defectivenes of an unconjugall mind. 1727
Swirt Gulliver u. iii. 118 The queen giving great allowance
for my defectiveness in speaking. 1884 W. J. CourtHope
Addison iii. 47 Owing to the defectiveness of his memory.
1884 Law Times 16 Feb. 275/2 The radical defectiveness of
leasehold tenure as now applied to urban holdings. Le
Defectless (d/fe‘ktlés), a. [-LEss.] Without
defect ; flawless.
1883 S. L. Cremens [Mark Twain] Life on Mississippi
485 An absolutely defectless memory.
Defector (difektar). [a. L. défector revolter,
agent-n. f. déficére : see DEFECT v.] One who falls
away ; a seceder or deserter.
1662 Petty 7aves 62 If the minister should lose part of
the tythes of those whom he suffers to defect from the
church, (the defector not saving, but the state wholly
gaining them). 1879 Sir G, Campsect White § Black 372
Independents and all other defectors from the party.
+ Defectual, a. Ods. rare. [f. L. défectu-s
Derect +-aL: cf. effecteal.] Defective.
1582 N. T. (Rhem.) Acts xv. 2 xote, Without which order
..the Church had been more defectuall and insufficient,
then any Common wealth. .in the world.
+ Defe‘ctuose, 2. Ods. rare. [ad. med.L. ae
Jectuos-us : see -OSE.]_ = DEFECTUOUS,
1678 GALE Crt, Gentiles III. 195 The same act which is
defectuose and sinful in regard of the wil of man is most
perfect and regular in regard to the wil of God.
+ Defectuo'sity. Obs. [ad. med.L. défecti0-
sitas, f. défectuds-us: see next and -1Ty. Cf. F.
défectuosité, in 15th c. deffectaensité (Hatzf.).]
Defectiveness, faultiness.
1597 Lowe Chirurg. (1634) 185 The Hare-shaw is a de-
fectuositie of nature..in the Lip, Eare, or Nose. 1648
W. Mountacur Devout Ess. 1. xiv. § 2 (R), This mercifull
indulgence given to our defectuosities,
+ Defectuous, @. Os. [ad. med.L. défec-
tuos-us, f, défectu-s DEFECT: see -ous. Cf. F.
défectueux (1336 in Littré), Pr. defectuos, Sp. de-
Sectuoso, It. difettuoso.] Having defects ; defective,
faulty ; imperfect.
1553 Cpt. PoLe in Strype Cranmer m1. (1694) 177 The
former Act of the ratifying of the matrimony seemed unto
me much defectuous. 1681 H. Morr £.xf. Dan. App. ii. 272
‘The correspondence betwixt this Vial and this Trumpet is
visibly lame and defectuous. 1726 Nat, Hist. Ireland g2
The Irish air is greatly defectuous in this part.
Hence +Defectuously adv., + Defectuous-
ness.
1604 Parsons 37d Pt. Three Convers, Eng. 43 Relating
their stories corruptly or defectuously of purpose. 1684
H. More Answer 307 Which are more obscurely and de-
fectuously here intimated. 1662 — Euthus. Tri. (1712) 48
Touching the Defectuousness in my Enumeration of the
Causes of Enthusiasm. 1680 — Afocal. Apoc. 39 This
insinuates the defectuousness of the Sardian Church.
+ Defedate, v. O/s. [f. ppl. stem of late L.
défedare to defile, f. Dr- I. 3 + fedare to make
foul, defile, f. fedus foul.] ¢rans. To defile,
pollute.
1669 W. Simrson Hydrol. Chynt. 26 The same spurious
acidity. .defedates the blood.
+ Defedation (d7:f/déi-fon). Obs. Also defoed-.
[ad. med.L. défedation-em, in F. défidation (15-
16th c.), n. of action from late L. dzfadare: see
prec.] Theaction of making impure ; befoulment,
pollution (es. of the blood or skin; also fg.).
ata T. Jounson Parey’s Chirurg. xx. vii. (1678) 461
A Morphew or defedation of all the skin. 1669 W. Simpson
Hydrol. Chym. 73 An extraordinary defedation of the
blood. 1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. v. 153 A purge must
not be given in any defcedation of the skin. @1742 BEnt-
LEY (J.), The defoedation of so many parts by a bad printer,
and a worse editor. 1764 GRAINGER Sugar Cane iv. 282
Successive crops Of defcedations oft will spot the skin.
1793 D’IsraEti Cur. Lt. (1843) 134 All these changes are
so many defcedations of the poem.
Defeict, obs. form of DEFEAT.
Defeisance, obs. form of DEFEASANCE.
+ Defeit, defe't, a. Oss. Also 5 defect,
deffait. [a. OF. defeit, desfeit, -fatt, pa. pple. of
desfaire, défaire to undo: see DEFEAT v.] Marred,
disfigured.
©1374 Cuaucer Troylus v. 618 To ben defet [v.7. defect]
and pale, and woxen lesse. /did. v. 1219 He so defet [v.r.
disfigured] was, bat no maner man Vnnebe myght hym
knowe per he wente. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour xcii. 121
Hadde her uisage deffait in such wise that she was unknowe
to eueri creatoure. a@1605 MontTGoMERIE The Elegie 56 It
weeping said :—‘O deidly corps, defet !’
Defeit, Defeiture, obs. ff. DEFEAT, -URE.
+ Defe'ke, v. Ods. [a. F. déféquer, ad. L. dé-
Jwcare to DEFECATE.] = DEFECATE v. 3.
1605 TimME Qversit. 1. i, 3 By the meanes whereof all
impure and corrupt matter is defeked and separated.
Defence, defense (difens), sb. Forms:
3-6 defens, 3- defence, defense; (5 diffens,
-ense, -ence, difence, 5-6 deffence, 6 deffens).
[Two forms: ME. defens, a. OF. defens (deffans,
deffenz, desfens, -fans, etc.), Ph. de Thaun 1119,
ad. L. défensum thing forbidden, defended, etc.,
17*
DEFENCE.
sb. use of pa. pple. of défendére (see DEFEND) ;
also ME. defense, a, OF. defense defence, prohibi-
tion, ad. L, défensa (Tertullian = defensio), f. pa.
Ee défensus, analogous to sbs. in -dta, -ade, -ée.
n Eng. where e became early mute, and gramma-
tical gender was lost, the two forms naturally ran
together; app. the spelling defence comes from the
defens form; cf. hennes, hens, hence ; penis, pens,
pence; ones, ons, once; sithens, since; Duns, dunce.
The spelling defense is that now usual in the United
States.
(The pop. Romanic forms were de-, difféso, -fésa, cf. It.
difesa, OF. des-, def-, defeis, defois, Norman défais, and
defeise, defoise.)) ‘ : :
The action of defending, in the various senses of
the verb, q.v.
The order here followed is as in the verb, though this does
not quite agree with the chronological data in
I. The action of warding off, and of prohibiting.
(Obs. or arch.)
+1. The action of keeping off, or resisting the
attack a (an enemy). Ods.
c1400 Destr. Troy 4715 In defense of hor fos, pat on flete
lay. 1494 Fasyan Chron. vi. cxcix. 206 For y* defence of
his enemyes. 1543-4 Act 35 Hen. VIII, c. 12 For the
maintenaunce of his warres, inuasion and defence of his
enemies, 1588 Lp. BurGuiey Let. to Sir F. Walsyngham
19 July, 5000 footmen and 1000 horsemen for defence of
the enemy landing in Essex.
+ b. ? Offence. Ods.
¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 2692 What defense has pou done to our
dere goddes? .
+2. The action of forbidding ; prohibition. Ods.
(exe. as in b, c.)
1300 Ten Commandm. 15 in E. E. P. (1862) 16 Hou he
ssold be folke tech, and to ssow ham godis defens bope to
3ung and to olde of be .x. commandemens. 1303 R. Brunne
Handl, Synne 11098 Pe sekesteyn, for alle pat defense, 3yt
he 3aue pe body ensense. 1377 Lanot. P. Pl. B. xvi. 193
Adam afterward a3eines his defence, Frette of pat fruit.
a1450 Kut. de la Tour (1868) 56 Eve..bethought her not
aright of the defence that God had made to her husbonde
and her. 1526 J. Hacker Ze¢. in MS, Cott, Galba 1x. 35
‘The Gowernour wyll macke a partyculer deffens and
comandment. .for the anychyllment and destruccion of thys
nywe bokes. 1600 E. Biount tr. Conestageio 94 ‘The pope..
wrote unto him by an other briefe, with defence not to
proceede in the cause. a 1698 TempLe (J.), Severe defences
may be made against wearing any linen under a certain
breadth.
b. Zn defence: (of fish, or waters) prohibited
from being taken, or fished in. Defence-month =
Fence-month, (Cf. FENCE sb. 7, 11.)
1607 CowELt Juterpr. s.v. Fencemoneth, All waters where
salmons be taken, shall be in defence..from the nativitie.
1736 W. Netson Lazws conc. Game 77 The Fence-Month,
by the antient Foresters was called the Defence-Month, and
is the Fawning Time. 1758 Descr. Thames 174 Salmon
shall be in Defence, or not taken, from 8th September to |
St. Martin’s Day. 1818 Hassett Rides §& Walks 11. 6
During the defence months, which are March, April, an
May, at which time the fish .. are spawning. 1887 Pad/
Mall G. 6 May 10/1 Streams which were ‘ put in defence in
the reign of his late Majesty King Henry II., and have
been so maintained thereafter’,
ec. In the game of Ombre: see quot.
1878 H. H. Ginss Ombre 32 If there be Defence, that is to
say, if either of his adversaries undertake to forbid the
Surrender.
II. The action of guarding or protecting from
attack.
3. Guarding or protecting from attack; resistance
against attack; warding off of injury; protection.
(The chief current sense.)
1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 197 Wanne hii forsoke ys, and for
ioral. and to non defence ne come. c1300 K. Adis, 2615
Alle that hadde power To beore weopene to defence. ¢ 1325
Coer de L. 6840 Withe egyr knyghtes of defens. ¢ 1386
Cuaucer Clerk's T, 1139 Ye archewyves, stondith at defens.
1393 Gower Conf, III. 214 With thritty thousand of defence.
¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 9518 In deffence of be folke. 1418 £. Z.
Wills (1882) 31 A Doubeled of defence couered with red
Leper. a@1533 Lp. Berners //uon )xvii. 230 His defence
coude not auayle h 1548 Hatt Chron. 57 He would
rather dye in the defence than frely yeld the castle. ax
Lavy Hackett A utobiog, (1875) 53 [He] drew his sword in
the deffence of the inocentt. 1 Tatler No, 63? 2 His
Sword, not to be drawn but in his own Defence, 1797 Mrs.
Rapcuirre /talian i, What are hed weapons of Mence’
1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) V. 123 They are to take measures
for the defence of the country.
+b. Faculty or capacity of defending. Ods.
[ec 1470 Henry Wadlace vu. 803 The defendouris was off so
fell defens.] 1568 Grarron Chron, II, 1078
that defence that ordinaunce did litle harme, 1593
Hen. VI, v.i. 64 The Citie being but of small defence. x
SPENSER /, Q, v. ii, 5 A man of great defence. 1634 Sir T.
Hersert Trav, 20 Pikes and Targets of great length and
defence, 1 Wurrtetocke Swed, Ambassy (1772) 1. 203
A castle., neither large nor beautifull, or of much defence.
ec. In games: e.g. in Cricket, the guarding of
the wicket a Hew batsman, Opposed to attack.
1863 Baily's Mag. Sports & Past. Sept. 44 The bowling ..
the wicket-keeping,..and the fine defence shown. .was all
cricket in perfection. 1875 J. D. Heatu Croguet Player 43
Upon the introduction of the heavy mallet. .it was found that
the ‘ attack’ was a great deal too strong for the ‘defence’.
= Daily Tel, 15 May 2/7 Peate [bowler] got past his
lefence,
a. Line of defence (Mil.); (a) a line or series
of fortified points at which an enemy is resisted ;
Suaks.
The walles were of
130
(0) Fortif. a line drawn from the curtain to the
salient angle of the bastion, representing the course
of a ball fred from the curtain to defend the face
of the bastion.
N. Stone Enchirid. Fortif. 18 And that shall wad
in
DEFEND,
defenso, munio. Carcrave Chron, 184 [How
this on <li enn she cryaie of Scot ‘orth :
i orwync Evonynt. 307
with —apggpel A Peramb, ‘Kent
(1826) 155 For the defensing of this Realme against forreine
invasion. 1587 Turserv. /7ag. 7. (1837) 260 Out he gate,
of night. HIRLEY Wedding u. ii,
Aefe
the flanke at F, and bring the line of d ds the
middle of the Curtain. 1802-3 tr. Pad/as’ Trav. (1812) 11, 7
The reader will find a distinct view. .of the gate and line of
defence drawn from the side opposite to the Crimea, 1821
Examiner 216/1 Compelled to fall back to Capua, a strong
point in the second line of defence. 1853 StocquELer M7/it.
Encycl., Line of Defence..is either fichant or razant. The
first is, when it is drawn from the angle ; the last, when it is
drawn from a point in the curtain, ranging the face of the
bastion in fortification. aah
4. The practice, art, or ‘science’ of defending
oneself (with weapons or the fists); self-defence ;
fencing or boxing.
1602 Suaxs. Ham, 1. vii. Ng Hee .. gaue you such
a Masterly report, For Art and exercise in your defence;
And for your Rapier most especially. 1639 tr. Camus’
Moral Relat. 148 An excellent Master of defence, with
whom no man will fight .. for feare of his dexterity. 1684
R. H. School Recreat. 56 The Noble Science of Defence.
1711 Lond. Gaz. No. 4886/4 Has fought several Prizes,
setting up for Master of Defence. 1828 Scotr Zales of
Grandf, Ser. 1, 1. ii. 63 Fencing with a man called Turner,
a teacher of the science of defence.
5. Something that defends ; a means of resisting
or warding off attack; sfec. (p/.) fortifications,
fortified works.
c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 55 (MS. B), Leye a defens
[A/S. A defensif] ajoute pe wounde. 1526 Pilger. Perf. (W.
de W. 1531) 5 b, iche .. is our sauegarde and defence.
1548 Hatt Chron. 123 The duke strake the kyng on the brow
right under the defence of y® hedpece, 1600 E. Biount tr.
Conestaggio 316 The galleies..often discharged all their
artillerie against the defences. 1611 Biste Ps. xciv. 22
The Lord is te defence. 1688 R. Hotme Armoury ul.
457/2 Baskets filled with earth, are good defence in tymes of
warr and hostility, 1796 Morse Amer, Geog. 1. 62 Moun-
tains are necessary..as a defence against the violence of
heat, in the warm latitudes. 1853 Sir H. Douctas J7i1it.
Bridges (ed. 3) 208 The defences of the Austrians on the
right bank were strengthened by numerous batteries.
b. Her. (See quot.)
1727-51 Cuambers Cyc/., Defences, are the weapons of any
beast ; as, the horns of a stag, the tusks of a wild boar, etc.
6. The defending, supporting, or maintaining by
argument ; justification, vindication.
1382 WycuF PAi/. i. 16 Witinge for I am putt in the defence
of the gospel. 1563 Win3et Four Scoir Thre Quest. Wks.
1888 I. Sorroboring our iugement with sufficient defensis.
1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 10, I never yit tooke
vppon me the defenc of ani question. 1653 GAUDEN (tit/e),
Defence of the Ministry and Ministers of the Church of
England. 1732 Law Serious C. xviii. (ed. 2) 333 In defense
of this method of education. 1848 Macautay Hist. Eng. Il.
212 Nor is it possible to urge in defence of this act of James
those pleas by which many arbitrary acts of the Stuarts have
been vindicated or excused.
b. A speech or argument in self-vindication.
1557 N. T. (Genev.) Acts xxii. 1 Ye men, brethren and
fathers, heare my defence which I now make vnto you.
1611 Bisce Acts xix. 33 And Alexander beckened with the
hand, and would haue made his defence vnto the people.
1672 Marvett Reh. Transp, 1. 82 Mr. Bayes his Defence
was but the blew-John of his Ecclesiastical Policy. 1875
orate Plato (ed. 2) 1V. 241 Socrates prefaces his defence
by resuming the attack,
+7. Without defence: without remedy or help;
unavoidably, inevitably. Ods.
c 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 279 (Fairf. MS.), I hadde ben
dede withouten any defence Por drede of loves wordes,
c1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 66 Glotenie coostib wipouten
diffence Bobe in diuerse drinkis and meete,
III. Zaw. (Originally allied to sense 1, but now
influenced by senses 3, 6: see DEFEND v. 6.]
8. The Spree or denial by the accused party
of the truth or ress f of the complaint made
against him; the defendant’s (written) pleading in
answer to the plaintiff’s statement of claim; the
proceedings taken by an accused party or his legal
agents, for defending himself.
I Termes of Lawes 57, Defence is that which the
defendant ought to make immediately after the count or
declaration made, that is to say, that he defendeth all
the wrong, force, and dammage, where and when he ought,
and then to proceede farther to his plee, or to imparle. 1632
High C is Cases (C: ) 314 The defe is that
the same was printed before he was borne, and he hath but
renewed it, and is very sorry for it. 1768 BLackstone Comm.
ut, xx. III. 296-7 Defence, in it’s true legal sense, signifies
not a justification, protection, or guard, which is now it’s
popular ification; but merely an opposing or denial
(from the French verb defender, of the earns validity
of the complaint. 1769 Gotpsm. Roman Hist. (1786) 1. 63
Brutus. .demanded. .if they could make any defence to the
crimes with which they had been charged. 1817 W. Se-wyNn
Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) 11. 1001 Malicious Prosecution,
The usual defence to this action is, that the defendant had
reasonable or probable grounds of suspicion against the
plaintiff. Mod. Newspr. The ination of the wi
for the defence, ‘The prisoner refused counsel, and con~
ducted his own defence.
+ Defence, defense, v. Ods. [f. Dmrencr
sb.; perth. in part a. OF. defenser, deffencer, ad. L.
defensare, freq. of défendére to Derend.] rans.
To provide with a defence or defences ; to defend,
protect, guard. (dit. and fig.)
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 82 Pis defensib (v7. defendip)
| & membre fro corrupcioun, ¢ 1440 Promp. Parv. 115 De-
with
Wert thou defenced with circular fire. .yet I should Neglect
the danger. 1637 Heywoop Lond. Mirrour Wks. 1874 1V.
313 This Fort..1s stil’d Imperiall, defenc’'d with men and
Sheers, 1791 [see Derencep].
, obs. form of DEFENSIBLE.
+ Defe-nced, 7//.a. Obs. [f. DEFENCE sd. and
v. + -ED.] Provided with defences; fenced, pro-
tected, fortified.
1535 CovERDALE Yer. xxxiv. 6 Stronge defensed cities of
Tuda. 1551 Rosinson tr. More's a (Arb.) 161 The well
fortified and stronglie defenced wealthe .. of many Cities.
1616 Surrt. & Marku. Country Farme 2 Wee must dresse
some well-defenced piece of ground or greene plot for fruits,
1633 Suirtey Bird in Cage v. i, Where She could be more
defenc’d from all men’s eyes. 179% J. Towxsenn Fourn,
Spain IIL. Perello was formerly a defenced city.
fenceful, a. nonce-wd. [f. DEFENCE sb. +
-FUL: after defenceless.] Full of defences ; well
protected or fortified.
1864 CartyLe Fredk. Gt. IV. 478 A commanding and de-
fenceful way.
Defenceless, defenseless (d/fevnslés), a.
1, Without defence; unguarded, unprotected.
1530 Kemedie of Love (R.), O ther disceit vnware and
defencelesse. 1589 WarnER A/b, Eng. v. xxvi. (R.), Kin
Dermote .. Was left defencelesse .. And fled to England
1667 Mitton P. L. x. 815 That fear Comes thundring back
with dreadful revolution On my defensless head. 1713
Lond. Gaz. No. 5149/3 It is a Place entirely Defenceless.
1740 WesLey //ymn, * Fesus, Lover of my soul’ ii, Cover my
defenceless head With the shadow of Thy wing. 1788
Monitor No. 12 P 10 In the murder of the innocent
defenceless. 1841 Borrow Zincali 1. xi. 50 To attack or
even murder the unarmed and defenceless traveller.
+2. Affording no defence or protection. rare.
we Drayven Virg. Georg. 11. 811 Defenceless was the
Shelter of the Ground.
Hence Defe'ncelessly adv., Defe‘ncelessness.
@ 1723 Br. FLeetwoop [according to Todd uses] Defence-
lessness. 1802 Patey Nat, Theol. xxvi. (R.), Defencelessness
and devastation are repaired by fecundity. 1813 SHELLEY
Q. Mad w. 136 All liberty and love And peace is torn from
its [the soul’s] defencelessness. 1818 Topp, Defencelessly.
1824 Miss Mitrorp Village Ser.1. (1863) 9
ness, his utter defencelessness.
Defencer : see DEFENSOR.
Defencible, -ive, obs. ff. DEFENSIBLE, -IVE,
Defend (difend), v. Also 3-6 defende, 4-6
diffend(e, deffend(e, 5-6 dyffende; 5 fa. ¢, and
pple. defend(e, deffende. [ME. a. OF, defend-re
(11th c.) =Pr. defendre, Sp. defender, It. difendere
:—L. défend-re to ward off, defend, protect, etc.,
f. Dr- L. 2 + fendére (obs. exc. in compounds).
The primary sense in Latin was (I.) to ward off (attack,
danger, evil) from a nm or thing. Hence, by exchange
of objects, came (1) To guard (the person or thing) from
the attack or evil. (Cf. to keep harm off a person, and to
keep a person from harm.) By a Romanic extension of I,
the sense ward off passed into prohibit, forbid (1. 3).
Branch I is obsolete in Eng. exc. as retained in legal
phraseology (111); but the latter has also uses from IL)
I. To ward off, avert, repel, restrain, prevent ;
with its extension, To prohibit. (Oés, exc, as in III.)
+1. To ward off, keep off (an assailant, attack,
etc.) ; to repel, avert (dt. and fig.). Obs. or dial.
c1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 3046 Ich the defende sikerly. ¢ 1400
Lanfranc's Cirurg. 101 If pat pou my3tist nou3t defende re
t
His unprotected-
crampe. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. |xi. 45, I ne m
ne power hym to defende frome. ar: . BERNERS 4
Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) U iij b, Venim is defended by the horne
of an vnicorne, ee triacle. 1568 Grarron Chron, II. 17 To
withstand and defend his enimyes. 1580 J. FRramrron
$n Niece ten tea Gin, ep eee eee
to le the great colde. LUNDEVIL ng o
Horses 11 Horses rane Oo ets meeeeonmnen Sa
canuas to defend the flies. 1636 Dennam Destr. Troy 431
And, with their shields on their left arms, defend Arrows
and darts. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L.§ Bard Men ,. with
staves in their s, who could... have defended it from
the wall. 1808 Jamieson, Defend, to ward off. [In north of
Scotl.] they commonly speak of ‘defending a stroke '.
+2. To keep (/vom doing something), to prevent,
hinder, Ods.
¢ 1320 Senyn Sag. 667 (W.) Themperour saide, ‘ God the de-
fende Fram god dai and fram god ende !’ c1400 Test, Love
m1. (1560) 295/1 No love to be defended from the will of loving.
1450 Merlin 29 Let vs diffende the kynge that he se hym
not quyk, 1§77-87 Houinsnep Chron. Il. 1262/2 Which
walles greatlie defended the fire from spreading further,
1660 R, Coxe rarer $ 3 Subj. 196 Trees. —_ to defend
the force of the wind from hurting of the
+b. with negative clause. rr
1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg, 95 pis oynement is myche worp
for to sete pat be mules of ys cancre schal not wexen,
1586 Cocan Haven Health Ep. Ded., It keepeth the body
from corruption and defendeth that natural moisture be not
lightly dissolved and consumed.
+e. To restrain; ref, to keep oneself, refrain.
1328 Prose Psalter xxxix.[xl.] 12 Peed, y ne shal nou3t
defenden myn li _a1340 Hampote Psalter cxviii. 101
F fra all ill way « MYefendid my fete. creas Bopemee eo If
they hem yeve to goodnesse, dyng hem from ydelnesse,
+3. To prohibit, forbid, Obs, exc, dial,
a. with simple obj. (with or without personal
indirect (dative) obj.).
DEFEND.
1300 Cursor M. 21764 (Cott.) Pe tre pat was defend. ¢ 1340
ian (Fairf.), I defende pe hit. 1377 Lancu. P. PZ.
B. xv. 1 i noyther peter pe porter, ne poule with his fau-
choune, Pat wil defende me be dore. ¢ bs gt Cuaucer Pars,
T. ® 532 Al pis bing is defended by god and holy chirche.
1474 Caxton Chesse 17 Hit was defended vpon payn of deth.
1549 Compl. Scot. 140 The ciuil lauis deffendis and forbiddis
al monopoles and conuentions of the comont pepil. 1616
B. Jonson Devil an Ass 1. iv, I doe defend *hem any thing
like action. 1671 Mitton P. 2. 1. 368 No interdict Defends
the touching of these viands pure. @1698 Tempe Ess. Cure
Gout Wks. 1731 1. 146 The Use of it pure being so little
practised, and in some Places defended by Customs or Laws.
+b. with infin. (usually preceded by personal
obj.).
¢ 1330 R. Brunner Chron, (1810) 303 Pe pape me defendes..
‘To renne on bo landes. c¢ 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxv. 120
He defendeth no man to holde no law other ban him lyketh.
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 14/2 He defended to paye the
trewage. 1536 BELLENDEN Crom. Scof. (1821) I. xliti, It is
defendit be our lawis, to sla ony salmond fra the viii day of
September to the xv day of Novembre. 1 t. G.
D Acosta’s Hist. Indies v. xxvii. 409 It was defended vpon
paine of death, not to marry againe together.
+c. with obj. clause (with or without personal
obj.) ; usually with pleonastic negative.
cr R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 12614 He com-
hindes be; & defendes, bat pou of ffraunce nought entremet.
a14so0 Kut. de la Tour (1868) 81 He defended her in payne
of her lyff she shulde no more come there. ¢1530 Lp.
Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. 164 The other knightes wolde
have fought with Arthur; but theyr mayster defended them
the contrary. /did. 281.
It was defended that none shoulde doe sacrifice in the temple
of Minerua. 1660 STILLINGFL. /rev. 1. viii. § 2 Whether ..
it be defended by Gods Law, that he and they should
preche. : i i,
+d. el/ipt. with personal obj. only; also adsol.
c 1325 Coer de L. 1477 Thus deffendes Modard the kyng.
1382 Wyciir Num. xi. 28 My Lord, Moyses, defend hem.
1382 — Judg. xv. 1 And whanne he wold goo.. as he was
wont, the fadir of hir defendide hym. :
+e. a person from doing something.
1533 Lp. Berners Huon |. 167 Eue was dyffendyd fro
y® etinge of fruyte. 1672 WycHerLry Love ix Wood i. ii,
‘To..put you to bed to Lucy and defend you from touching
her. -1 N. & Q. 3rd Ser. V. 296/1 A few years ago
I heard a governess [in Nottinghamshire] say to a round-
backed pupil, ‘I defend you from sitting in easy chairs’,
{1 In God defend =‘ God forbid’, the senses ‘ pro-
hibit’ (3) and ‘avert’ (1) seem to unite.
r Eng. Gilds 4 3if it be so pt eny debat chaunselich
falle among eny of hem, pt god defende. 1425 Paston Lett.
No. 5 I. 19 God defende that any of my saide kyn shuld be
of swyche governaunce. 1552 IT. BArnaze in Ellis Orig.
Lett, Ser. 1. U1. 202 Yf so be yt that we shoulde warre with
them, (as God defende), ig Saree Much Ado i. i. 98
God defend the Lute should like the case. 1663 Pepys
Diary 31 Oct., The plague is much in Amsterdam, and we
in fears of it here, which God defend. 1695 CONGREVE
Love for L. 1. i, Marry, Heaven defend !—I at midnight
practices !
II. To guard from attack, etc.; to protect,
vindicate.
4. trans, To ward off attack from; to fight for
the safety of ; to keep safe from assault or injury ;
to protect, guard.
c12zg0 Old Kentish Serm, in O. E. Misc. 28 Mirre .. is
biter, and be po biternesse defendet pet Cors pet is mide
i-smered pet no werm nel comme i-hende. 1297 R. Grouc.
(1724) 173 Fy3tep vor 3ure kunde, and detendeh soars ry3te.
1393 Gower Cou/- III. 208 She, which wolde her lond defende.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvut. i. (1495) 739 Smalle
beestys that lacke sharpe teeth and clawes and hornes ben de-
ffendyd wyth ablynesse of membres, crg00 MaunpeEv.(Roxb.)
ix. 33 Armour hafe pai nane to defend bam with. a 1450
Le Morte Arth. 2034 That he had ofte here landis deffende.
1549-62 STeRNHOLD & H. Ps., Prayer 395 From Turke and
Pope defend vs Lord. 160r Hottanp Pliny I. 515 Trees..
defended and clad with thick leaued branches. 1700 S. L. tr.
Fryke's Voy. E, India 108 One of the Buffels defended himself
very well of the first Dog that came at him. ¢ 1750 in ‘ Bat’
Crick. Man. (1850) 30 It [cricket] is performed by a person,
who, with a clumsy wooden bat, defends a wicket. 187,
Green Short Hist. ii. § 7. 98 The citizens swore to dake
the King with money and blood.
b. adsol. (for veft.) To make defence.
@ 1533 Lv. Berners Huox xlix. 164 Yf he come and assayle
me I shall defende as well as I can. 1548 Hatt Chron. 50
Some strake, some defended, 1667 Mitton P. L. xt. 657
Others from the Wall defend.
+c. To ‘fence’ a court; see FENCE v. 8. Obs.
1609 Skene Reg. Maj. 115 Item, after the Court be
affirmed, and defended, na man aught to speik .. bot they
ilke parties, and their forespeak a eir counsell
5. To support or uphold by speech or argument,
maintain, vindicate ; to speak or write in favour of
(a person or thing attacked),
1340 Hampote Pr. Conse, 5359 In nath may bai be
excused pan ;..bai may defende be tll : an WwW.
Dyner Oath of Recantn. in Academy 17 Nov. (1883) 331/1
pas I..ne defende [no] conclusions ne techynges of the
lollardes. cx4so St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 856 De bischop pe
he defende, 1512
rronyously defendyng
clerkes malyce kende, Bot nouthir
- ct 4 Hen. VI. a8 2 a
maynteynyng his seid obstynate opynyons, 1581 J. BELL
Haddon’s Answ. Osor, 29 b, Whose lyfe and hate did not
undertake to defende. 1708 }. CHAMBERLAYNE St. Gt. Brit.
ut. xi. (1743) 280 That he defend three questions in Natural
Philosophy. 1782 Priestiey Corrupt. Chr. I. 1. 235, Lam
far from pretending .. to defend this passage of Irenzeus.
1874 Morey Compromise (1886) 2 Are we only to be per-
mitted to defend general principles?
b. with obj. clause: To maintain (a statement
impugned) ; to contend, Ods.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1577 Fenton Gold. Efpist. 220 |
131
c1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xxvi. 546 Here ben our
ages, how that we will defende that our fader slew never
foulques of moryllon by treyson. 1541 Barnes /W&s. (1573)
357/2 Their Masse. . whiche our Papistes so wickedly defende
to bee a sacrifice. 1580 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 9 Others to
the contrary defended it was not so. 1607 ‘TorseLt four.
Beasts (1658) 25 But that these [animals] can be properly
called Asses, no man can defend. ¢x1620 A. Hume Brit.
Longue 21 ‘This [vowel] sum defend not to be idle.
III. Zaw. (Originally belonging to I, but also
with uses from II.)
6. a. Of the defendant: To deny, repel, oppose
(the plaintiff’s plea, the action raised against him);
absol. To enter or make defence. b. To vindicate
(himself or his cause). ¢. Of a legal agent: To
take legal measures to vindicate; to appear, address
the court, etc. in defence of (the accused).
[c 1200 Select Pleas of Crown (1888), Petrus venit et totum
defendit de verbo in verbum. cx12zz Bracton’s Note-bk. 1.
250 Et Alicia venit et defendit ius eorum.] 1428 Surtees
Misc. (1890) 5 Seand pat he myght .. deny nor defend this |
mater na langer, he knawleged and graunted his trespas.
1484 Caxton /'ables of A Ufonce (1889) 3 After that the cause
had be wel deffended and pleted by bothe partyes. 1561 T.
Norton Calvin's Inst. 1v. xx. (1634) 742 ‘The right use [of
law is] both for the plaintife to sue, and for the defendant
to defend. 1768 BLiackstone Comm. III. 296/7. 1883 J.
HawtuorneE Dust xxxvii. 306 A letter announcing that the
defendants in the case of Desmoines v. Lancaster declined
to defend. 1891 Law Rep. Weekly Notes 201/2 A solicitor
to a trust has authority to defend legal proceedings, though
not to initiate them. Mod. The prisoners were defended by
Mr. L. On his trial he defended himself (or conducted his
own defence) with great ability.
+ Defernd, 5d. Sc. Obs. rare.
Defence.
c14s0 Henryson Mor. Fab. 69 Sir..made I not fair
defend? ¢1470 Henry Wallace x. 1154 Sum men tharfor
agaynys makis defend.
Defendable (dife:ndab’l), a. vare. Also 8
-ible. [f. DEFEND v. + -ABLE. Cf. F. défendadle
(from 13th c.).]
1. Capable of being defended or protected from
assault or injury.
16xr Cotcr., Defensable, defendable .. which may be
defended, guarded, or preserued. 1713 Deruam Phys. Theol.
v. vi. (R.), [The skin] being easily defendible by the power
of man’s reason and art. 1870 Daily News 25 Nov.,
That they should establish a defendable frontier.
2. Capable of being maintained or vindicated ;
defensible.
1683 Cave Lcclesiasticé go The death of Arsenius, which
they knew was not defendable at a fair Audit.
+ Defendance. Oés. Also 5 -ens. [a. OF.
defendance, deff= (13th c. in Godefroy), defence,
resistance, f. defendre to DEFEND.] Defence.
a1§00 Orol. Sap. in Anglia X. 389 Heelful defendens in
alle dyuerse periles. 1600 App. Appor £.xf. Yonah 550 Our
chalenges, and defendances for combats in the field.
Defendant (d/fe‘ndant), a. and sd. Also 4-6
-aunt, 6 -ante, 7 -ent. [a. F. défendant (OF.
defendant), pr. pple. of défendre to DEFEND ; also
used absol.] A. adj.
+1. Used as pres. pple. Defending; him self
defendaunt =in his own defence. Obs.
¢1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 6890 3if ich bi sone owhar a-slou3,
It was me defendant anou3. cx Sir Beues 660 Men ne
slou3 he nou3t, Boute hit were him self defendaunt !
2. Defending oneself, or an opinion, cause, etc.,
against attack; making one’s defence; being de-
fendant in a suit (see B. 3). ? Ods.
1596 Foxe’s A. § M.658/2 The defendant part was driven
for a while to keepe silence. 1598 Haxtuyt Voy. I. 240
(R.) Then commeth an officer and arresteth the party
defendant. 1682 Drypen King § Queen Epil. 16 ’Tis just
like puss defendant in a gutter. ,
+3. Affording defence; defensive. Ods.
1599 Suaks. /Y7en. V, 1, iv. 8 With men of courage, and
with meanes defendant.
B. sb. +1. A defender against hostile attack ;
opposed to assazlant. Obs.
[f. DEFEND v.]
@ 1533 Lv. Berners Hox cxiii. 398 The citye was so sore
assayld on all partyes that the defendauntys wyste not
where to make resystence. 1548 Hatt Chron. 54 Neither
the il nor defend
loke for any Po 1614
Rateicu Hist. World Il, v. iii. § 15. 442 To beat the
defendants from the Wall. 1731 J. Gray Gunnery Pref. 21
The defendants. .of-the city..were sorely gauled with all
sorts of missive weapons. «1787 Br. Lowtn Serve & Renz.
289 Had a potent enemy invaded Sodom..nothing could
have inspired the defendants with truer courage, than
virtue and the fear of God.
+b. One who defends (an opinion, etc.). Ods.
1665 Hooke ae: too Nor will it be enough for
a Defendant of that Hypothesis to say, etc.
+ 2. The party who denies the charge and accepts
the challenge of the acon in wager of battle.
1520 Caxton's Chron. Eng. vit. 143/2 Gloucestre..was the
appellaunt and Arthur was the defendaunt. 1593 SHAKs,
2 Hen. VI, tu. iii. 49 Ready are the Appellant and Defend-
ant, @1645 Hrywoop Jortune by Land u. Wks. 1874 VI.
85 Neither challenger nor defendant are yet in field, 1828
cott F, M. Perth xxiii, The Knight of Kinfauns, the
challenger, and. .the young Earl of Gawiord, as represent-
ing the defendant.
3. Law. A person sued in a court of law; the
party in a suit who defends; opposed to plaintiff:
* A “defendant” is originally. a st but the notion of
sis demcecting ee comes in early and prevails.’ Prof,
» W. Mait .
DEFENDER.
@ 1400 in Exg. Gilds (1870) 361 And pat commune law hym
be y-entred, pe axere and pe defendaunt. 1550 CrowLrey
Last Trump. 923 Retained of playntyfe, or of defendaunt.
1553 I. Witson Rhet. 47 The complainaunt commenseth
his action, and the defendaunt thereupon answereth. 1596
Suaxs. Merch, V, ww. i. 361. 1809 J. Marsuati Const.
Opin. (1839) 123 The state cannot be made a defendant in
a suit brought by an individual. 1859 Dickens 7. Two
ied 1. xii, The counsel for the defendant threw up his
riet,
+4. Phrase. Ju my, his (etc.) defendant: in one’s
defence. Ods.
[App. a corruption of se, him, defendant in A. 1.J
€ 1386. Cuaucer Pars. 7. rag Whan o man sleeth another
in his defendaunt. 1470-85 Matory Arthur u. vii, Balyn
that slewe this knyght in my defendaunt.
Defended (dife:ndéd), pA/. a. [f. DEFEND v.]
41. Forbidden. Oés.
€1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. ? 258 Pe beaute of pe fruyt
defendid. 1633 MassinGer Guardian iv. ii, How justly am
I punish'd .. For my defended wantonness ! 1667 Mitton
P. L. x1. 86 To know both Good and Evil, since his taste
Of that defended Fruit.
2. Guarded, protected, maintained against attack,
etc.: see DEFEND v.
1615 STEPHENS Satyr, Ess. (ed. 2) 426 A Fidler .. is
a defended night-walker : and under privilege of Musicke
takes occasion to disquiet men. 1694 Amadis of Greece
Title-p., His conquering of the defended mountain. 1891
Daily News 7 Dec. 6/1 ‘The defended action of Duplany v.
Duplany..was set down..for hearing on the following day.
Defendee’*. vare.—° [f.as prec. +-EE.] Once
who is defended.
1864 in WessTeR. (Described as rare.)
Defendens, -ent: see DEFENDANCE, -ANT.
Defender (d/fendaz). Forms: 3,6 defendor,
4-7 -our, (4 -owr, 5 deffendour), 5— defender.
[ME. and AFr. defendour = OF. defendeor (nom.
defendere), mod.¥. défendeur, £. defend-re to Dr-
FEND. See -ER2 3.
The OF. oblique case defendeor, -edor, comes from
a Romanic type défenditor-emt: cf. Pr., Sp., Pg. defendedor,
It. difenditore; the nom. defendere, -terre, Pr. defendaire,
was formed on the analogy of sbs. with -cor, -edor, in the
oblique case from L. -@¢67-e72.]
1. One who defends, or wards off an attack ; es/.
one who fights in defence of a fortress, city, etc.
1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 198 He may ys owe lese, 3yf be
defendor ab be my3te. a 1325 Prose Psalter xxxix. [xl.] 24
Pou art myn helper and my defendour. 1483 Cath. Ang?. 93
A defender, defensor. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 13
Our kynge and defender. 1594 Hooker Ecc?. Pod. 1. (1611) 26
Men always knew that when force and iniury was offered,
they might be defendours of themselues. 1607 SHAKS. Cor.
111. lil. 128 The power. .To banish your Defenders. c 1750 iu
‘Bat’ Crick. Man. (1850) 30 The oftener is the defender
able to run between the wicket and the stand. 1844 H. H.
Wiuson Brit. India 11. 474 After a severe struggle the de-
fenders were driven out. 1878 SreLey Steiz II. 128 All the
inhabitants of the State are born defenders of it.
+b. The person who accepts the challenge to
combat in wager of battle: = DEFENDANT sé. 2.
1586 Ferner Blas. Gentrie, If it be on the defendors side,
he may refuse the combat offered.
+e, A dog kept for purposes of defence; a
watch-dog. Obs.
1607 TorsELt Four Beasts (1658) 124 margin, The greater
sociable Dogs or defenders. 1688 R. Home Armoury 1.
184/1 The Defenders are Dogs that forsake not their Master
in Life nor Death. :
da. Zrish Hist. (with capital.) Originally, one
who defended his home against marauders ; later,
towards the end of the 18th c., the name assumed
by a society of Roman Catholics formed to resist
the Orangemen. (See Lecky, Aug. in Eighteenth
Cent. VII.)
1796 Hull Advertiser 13 Feb. 3/1 Defenders !!..a party of
these miscreants attacked a small public-house..on the
Trim road. 1798 Aux. Reg. 155 Irritated by this usage, the
Catholics also associated for their defence, whence they
were called Defenders. 1842 S. C. Hatt /reland II. 121
The Peep-of-day-boys originated in the north, about the
heer 1785..they were met by a counter association, ‘the
efenders’, x890 Lecky Eng. i 18th C. VII. 12 For six
or eight months Defender outrages continued in this county
almost uncontrolled. Papas
‘2. One who defends, upholds, or maintains by
argument; one who speaks or writes in defence of
a person, cause, or opinion.
1544 (¢it/e), A Supplycacion to our most soveraigne Lorde
Kynge Henry the Byzht, Kynge of England,..and moste
ernest defender of Christes gospell. 1594 Hooker Eccd. Pol.
1. iv. (1611) 134 Defenders of that which is Popish. 1685
Srituncri. Orig. Brit. i. 3 The Defenders of this Tradition.
1856 Emerson Zug. Traits, Char. Wks. (Bohn) II. 58 They
are headstrong believers and defenders of their opinion.
1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 377 The Sophists have found
an enthusiastic defender in the distinguished historian of
Greece.
b. Defender of the faith: a title borne by the
sovereigns of England since Henry VIII, on whom
it (i.e. /2ded defensor) was conferred by Pope Leo X
in 1521 asa reward for writing against Luther. Cf.
DEFENSOR.
(1530 Act 21 Hen. VIIT (title), Anno regni inuictissimi
principis Henrici octaui, Angliz et Francia regis, fidei de-
fensoris .. vicesimi pet 1528 TinpaLe Oded. Chr. Man
Wks, I, 186 One is called Most Christian King; another,
Defender of the faith. 1 Act 31 Hen. VIII, Henry
the eight by the grace of God, King of England and of
France, Defendor of faith. 1558 in Strype Ann. Ref. le
17*-2
DEFENDING.
App. i. 2 Elizabeth, by the grace of God. .defendour of the
fait 1623 Lv. Hersert fo Yas. / in Ellis Orig. Lett.
Ser. 1. III. 165 Your sacred Majestie .. beeinge Defender of
our Faithe.
3. The party sued in an action at law; =DeE-
FENDANT 5b. 3. (Now the term in Sc. Law;
opposed to pursuer; also used in Roman Law
treatises. )
¢ 1450 in Surtees Misc. (1890) 59 Als well pe pla: fe as
pe defender in all maner of playintes, 1752 5S. Toms
Form of Process (ed. 2) 146 All Prosecutors may com:
with four, and the Defenders with six of their Friends. 1861
W. Beit Dict. Law Scot., Defender is the party against
whom the conclusions of a process or action are directed.
1880 Murrneap Gaius 1v. § 102 In certain cases.. the de-
fender in an action in fersonam must give security even
when conducting his own defence.
4. In the game of Omébre: see DEFENCE sd. 2 ¢.
1878 H. H. Gisss Ombre 33 The Defender has to fight
out the game against the other two players.
Hence Defenderism (/rish Hist.), the principles
or policy of the Defenders. (Sense 1d —)
1795 Hull Advertiser 19 Sept. 1/4 He..avowed the
principles of Defenderism. ae Burke Corr. (1844) IV. 330
It is now plain that Catholic defenderism is the only restraint
upon Protestant ascendency. 1837 /vaser's Mag. XV. 54
Defenderism finds fuel in Connaught, Leinster, and Munster.
1890 Lecxy Eng. in 18th C. VII. 13-
Defenderesse, obs. form of DEFENDRESS.
Defendible: see DEFENDABLE.
Defending (d/fe'ndin), vi/. sb. [-1nc1.] The
action of the verb DEFEND: a. The warding off
of attack, etc.
¢ 1300 K’. A lis. 676 Now con Alisaundre. .of sweordis turn-
yng, Apon stede, apon justyng, And 'sailyng, of defendyng.
1382 Wycuir Pil. 1. 7 In defendyng and confermyng of the
gospel. 1483 Cath. Angl. 93 A Defendynge, brachium,
custodia, defensio. 1583 Stupes Anat. Abus. u. (1882) 97
Power of defending of life. 1675 tr. Machiavelli's Prince
(Rtldg. 1883) 273 The storming or defending of towns.
+b. Forbidding, prohibition. Ods.
c1400 Test. Love il. (1560) 295/1 Prohibicion, that is, de-
fendyng. 7
Defending, ///. «.
see the verb.
1881 Daily News 5 Nov. 5/8 Some of those discrepancies
which defending counsel delight in discovering.
+ Defe‘ndless, @. Os. rare. [See -LESS.]
Defenceless.
1737 Common Sense (1738) 1. 42 Pointing a Musket to
a defendless Man's Breast.
Defendor, -our, -owr, obs. ff. DEFENDER.
Defendress (d’fendrés). Nowvare. In6-7
-eresse, -resse. [a. F. défenderesse, fem. of deé-
Jfendeur ; see -ESS.
1. A female defender, protector, or maintainer.
1509 Fisuer Wks. (1876) 301 Good preestes and clerkes to
whome she was a true defenderesse [ed. 1708 defendresse}.
1581 Mutcaster Positions Ded., Elizabeth by the Grace of
God Queene of England, Fraunce, and Ireland, defendresse
ofthe faith, &c. 1627-47 FELTHAM Resolves 1. \xxv.(1677) 115
Virtue is a Defendress, and valiants the heart of man. 1749
H. Wacpoce Lett. H. Mann (1834) I. excix. 265 Gracious
pele .. would make an admirable defendress of the new
jaith,
+2. A female defendant in a suit. Ods.
1611 E. Grimstone //ist. France 1042 That which afflicts
the Defendresse much more, is that the Complainants obiect
against her, that she loued not her child.
+ Defendrix. 04s. rare. [f. DEFENDER, after L.
feminines in -(f)réx: the L. word was defenstrix.]
= prec. I.
1597 J. Payne Royal Exch. 35 You fight .. for your
Soveraigne Lady, defendrix vnder God of the same [gospell].
+Defenera‘tion. Ods. rave—° [n. of action
from L. défenerdre to involve in debt, exhaust by
usury, f. fenus, fenus interest, usury.]
1656 Buiount Glossogr., Defeneration, a taking mony
upon usury. ee
efenestration (défenéstrzi‘fon). [mod. f
L. Dr- I. 1, 2 +/enestra a window: so in mod.F.]
The action of throwing out of a window,
_ Defenestration of Prague the action of the Bohemian
insurgents who, on the 21st of May 1618, broke up a meetin;
of Imperial commissioners and deputies of the States, he
in the castle of the Hradshin, and threw two of the commis-
sioners and their secretary out of the window; this formed
the prelude to the Thirty Years’ War.
1620 Relig. Wotton. (1672) 7 A man saued at the time
of the defenestration. 1837 Sourney Lett. (1856) IV. 521,
e d ion
a)
[-1NG 2.] That defends :
|
182
1603 Houtanp Plutarch’s Mor, 19 As with a defensative
band about it. 161g Marxnam Eng. Housew. 1. i. (1668) 41
Lay it within the defensitive Plaist rehearsed.
Howe Bless. Righteous (1825) 240 The efficacy and defensa-
tive power of moral goodness.
b. = DEFENSIBLE I b.
1591 F. Sparry Geomancie 85 The Citie. .is not defensatiue
and [is] ill maintayned by men of force.
2. Made in defence or vindication of something.
@ 1703 Burkitt On N. 7. Mark ii. 22 Observe the defen-
sative plea which our blessed Saviour makes.
B. sb, =DEFENSIVE sé. 1. (Very common in
17th c.)
a Baker Yewell of Health 7 b, Defensatives .. for ex-
pelling the Plague. 1583 H. Howarpr (title, A Defen-
satiue against the Poyson of su Prophecies. 1612
ood defensative
Woopatt Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 28 A
against all venemous humours. i6e8 Sir T. Browne Gard.
Cyrus iii. 126 Houseleek, which ol superstition set on the
tops of houses, as a defensative against li tening. @1711
Ken Serm. Wks. (1838) 160 Abstinence, the best defensitive
a Christian can have. 1758 J. S. Le Dran's Observ. Surg.
(1771) 94 A Defensitive composed of Bole Armenia{c], The
White of an Egg, and Vinegar. 1783 Ainswortu Lat. Dict.
(Morell) 1, A defensative against poison.
+ Defensatrice. Oss. rare. [ad. late L. dz-
Jensatrix, -tricem, fem. of défensator, agent-n. from
défensdre: see prec.] Defendress.
61450 Mirour Saluacioun 3984 Virgine Marie..is oure
blissed deffensatrice.
Defense, -fenser, var. of DEFENCE, DEFENSOR.
Defensibility (d/fensibi'liti). [f next + -ITY.]
The quality of being defensible ; capacity of being
defended.
1846 Grote Greece u. ii. 11. 344 The extreme defensibility
of its frontier. 1859 j; Wurte /ist. France (1860) 5 The
perfect defencibility of the French territory.
Defensible (d/fe‘nsib’l), @. Forms: a. 3-6
defensable, (5 -abill, -abylle, deffensable, 6
Sc. defensabil, 6-7 defenceable) ; 8. 5— defen-
sible, (5 diffensyble, 5-6 defensyble, 7 defen-
cible). [Etymologically there are here two distinct
words: a. defensable, a. ¥. défensable (12th c. in
Hatzf.):—L. défensabil-em (St. Ambrose, ¢ 375), £.
défensare to ward off, freq. of défendére to defend.
In the latter part of the 15th c. this began to be
, displaced by B. defensible, ad. L. défensibil-em
| to libbe other to deie.
(Cassiodorus, ¢ 550), f. L. défens-, ppl. stem of
défendere. This expelled the former before 1700.
In French also défensidle appears in 17-18th c.,
but both forms are there archaic, the ordinary word
being défendable.]
+1. Affording, or capable of affording, defence ;
defensive. (Cf. FENCIBLE A. 1-3.) @. Of men-
at-arms: Fit or able to defend a fortress, etc. Obs.
1297 R. Giouc.(1724) 549 Hii hulde hom there defensables,
1481 Caxton Godfrey 306 Ther were
therin turkes many, hardy and defensable. 1502 ARNOLDE
Chron. (1811) 289 Wyth certayn nombre off defensible par-
sones. 1549 Compl. Scot. xix. 163 Sa mony of you that ar
defensabil men. 1 Suaxs. Hen. V, ut. iii. 50 We no
longer are defensible. 1636 Prynne Humb, Remonstr. 4
Great Navies of Ships an | ised ve defensible. 1828 Scotr
F. M. Perth xix, Every defensible man of you.. keep his
weapons in readiness.
+b. Of fortresses, fortified places, ete. Ods. (bat
| often not distinguishable from sense 3).
tae 4
Ps ard placis to withstonden.
Wycur JZudg. vi. 2 Thei maden to hem .. moost
c 1400 Rom. Rose 4168
A portecolys defensable. ¢ 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon
vi. 149 Barbacanes well defensable. 1585 T. Wasuincton
tr. Nicholay's Voy. Turkie 1. xvi. 17 This Bour is not
defensible agaynst any great siege. 1627 Sreep England,
Garnsey § 2 A Pale of Rockes .. uery defensible vnto the
Iland. 1 Damier Voy. Il. 1, vili. 161 What charges
stowed on it since to make it defenceable.
He maintained the
1818 Hatiam Mid. Ages
population and
py eager or defenceable Gee:
56
defensible.
+d. gen. Defensive, protective. Ods.
1545 Primer Hen, VIIT (1546) 156 Be thou unto me
oat
I much admire the manner in which th
is shown [in a picture]. 1863 NEALE
Which ing at the d
nated in the peace of Westphalia.
Defens, obs. form of DEFENCE.
Defensable, ME. form of DEFENSIBLE, ay
+ Defensal, 2. Ods. rare. [f. med.L. défen-
sal-is, f. defens-um DEFENCE: see -AL, (OF. had
deffensal sb. defence.)] Pertaining to defence.
1560 Rottanp Crt, Venus 1. 800 Charge him compeir
befoir my Maiestie..To heir him self accusit of crueltie..
With exceptionis, and causis defensall.
+ Defe'nsative, a. and sh. Ods. Also -itive.
[f. L. type *défensativ-us (prob. used in 15-16th c.
Latin), f..défensat-, ppl. stem of défensare to ward
off, defend, freq. of défendéve to DEFEND: see -IvE.]
A. adj. 1, Having the property of defending ;
defensive, protective.
Ess. Liturgiol. 238
of ue. . termi-
ible God. 1574 Hyit Planting 77 Covered with
clay, or some other defensable playster.
+ 2. In a state of defence against attack or injury;
safe. Ods.
1581 J. Bett. Haddon's Answ. Osor, 276 b, That such as
are buryed in the cowle and weede of a Franciscane
are forthwith defensible enough ynst all the les
and furies of hell. /did. 487 b, Yt her life might have
eskaped safe, and defensible from those stormes.
a gegen Edystone L. § 253 We could not leave the
work in a more di ible state.
3. Capable of being defended against attack or
injury.
1600 E. Biounr tr. Conestagyio 207 The rocke with such
t soldiers was not defensible. 170g Appison /tady
(1733) 304 Defensible by a very little y against a
numerous Enemy. 1816 KeatinGe 7'av. (1817) I. 259 His
fortress was defensible against all the power of man.
Burton Hist. Scot?, V1 fendi, 256 Dumbarton was
to be more defensible,
|
DEFENSIVE.
4. fig. Capable of being defended (in ar,
maintained, or vindicated ; justifiable. (
“ae her, Seo 850) 18 My cause
woogie aaa by aur ty that I pin ip Ysges Hanre-
FIELD Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 48 The marriage is defence-
»,
chief
able Owen Holy Spirit (1693) 153 This is
pore ae na mye Junius Lett. xvi. 71 The. .resolu-
tion..is ible on general principles of reason. 1863
Fawcett Pol. Econ, ut. vii. 387 A more defensible, or
ajuster claim. 1875 Wurrney Life Lang. ix. 154 Ina true
and defensible
sense.
Hence Defensibleness.
1689 Petry Pol. Arith. (1690) 14 The defensibleness of
the Country by reason of its Situation on the Sea. 1830
Gen. P. THompson E-xerc. (1842) 1. 229 The defensibleness
of icular branches of a system.
ensibly (d/fensibli), adv. Also 5-6
-sably, 6 -cibly. [f. prec. + -LY 7.]
+1. In a ‘ defensible’ manner; so as to afford
defence or protection : see prec. 1. Ods.
1464 in Rymer Fadera (1710) XI. 524 Every Man .. be
Well and Defensibly arrayed. a 1533 | Berners (won
cxliii. 530 Aboue .iii. M. horses dafenaliy eqergriys. 1599
R. Crompton Mansion of Magnan. Nivb, The houses
were all of stone, very strongly and defencibly builded.
2. In a manner defensible by argument ; justi-
fiably.
1880 Variorum Teachers’ Bible \sa. vii. 14 The Hebrew
prefixes the article, which A. V. defensibly regards as that
of species. |
ension (d/fe'nfon). Also 6 -syon, -cion.
[ad. L. défension-em, n. of action from défendére
to Derenp. Cf. OF. defension, -siun (11-16th c.
in Godef.).j
+1. =DeErence; protection, vindication, etc.
1382 Wycur Ecclus. xlviii. 7 Domes of defensioun [1388
defence]. Fe Balade, 1X Ladies Worthie (Chaucer's
Wks. 1561), Against the proud Grekes made defencion With
her victorious hand. 1514 R. Pace in Fiddes Wolsey 11.
G7) 203 In the defension of your gracis causis. a1
nitpot Exam. & Writ. (Parker Soc.) 325 The just defen-
sion against his unjust accusation.
2. In R.C. Colleges: The formal defence of a
thesis or proposition as an academic exercise.
1563 Foxe A. & Af. 862a, He withstandeth the Popes
Supremacie .. in his disputations and defensions. _16..W.
Biunpett in Cxosshy Records 175 My said brother did make
his public defension of Philosophy in the Roman college.
1862 F. C. HusensetHu a ¥. Milner 8 He never taught
in the Schools, nor made = ublic defensions.
J. Gutow Lit. Hist. Eng, Catholics 11, 458 This defension
took place in the palace of Cardinal Guise.
Hence + Defe-nsional a., pertaining to defence.
- tr. Busching’s Syst. Geog. 111. 682 The arsenal, the
defensional office [at Freiburg, Switzerland].
Defensitive: see DEFENSATIVE.
Defensive (difensiv), a. and sd. Also 4-5
-sif, 5 -syue, 6 -sife, deffensive, 7 defencive.
[a. F. défensif, -ive (14th c. in Hatzf.), ad. med.L.
défensiv-us, {. défens-, ppl. stem of L. défendére:
see -IVE.] A. adj.
1, Having the quality of defending against attack
or injury ; serving for defence ; protective.
c1400 Lanfranc's pains 13 Aboute pe wounde leie
a medicyn defensif. 1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 64 Preamb.,
Armours Defensives, as — Salettis, Brigandynes.
1 Hatt Chron. 169 b, Any weapon, either invasive or
defensive. 1593 Suaxs. Rich. //, u. i. 48 As a Moate de-
fensiue to a house. 1636 Six H. Biount Voy. Levant (1637)
roo A boorded Arche..defensive against sunne raine,
1634 Six T, Hersert 7rav. (16 8) 330 The Nut is cloathed
with a defensive husk. 1655 Futrer Ch. //ist. 1x. 11. § 21
1V. 357 A Castle (then much decayed, never much defensive
for iva City). ope colaee Nat. Hist. (1776) V1. 361 An
ic!
hard, firm shell, which furnishes. . both offensive and defensive
armour, 1874 Bouter. Arms § Arm.ii.g When mew fe
Gaul, the Romans.. wore defensive armour formed of iron.
+ b. Of fortified places: =DBYENSIBLE 1 b. Obs.
ingd. Commw., (1603) 259 To
immure themselves in di ive places. Six T.
Hersert 7rav. (1638) 81 The Citie is .. made d ive by
many helps of nature and industry. ’
+e. Of persons: Capable of making defence.
Obs, rare.
1667 Mitton P, L. vi. 393 The faint Satanic Host Defen-
sive scarse, or, with pale fear surpris’d.
+d. With of: Serving to ward off, or to protect
ee cabo, x: I rais'd a nuptial bow'r And
r ‘ope Odyss. xxiii. 196, I rais’d a nupti ‘r
rood i
defensive of the storm and show'r.
2. Made, formed, or carried on for the ar
of defence: op) to offensive (= ive).
1s80 Nortu Plutarch (1676) ass The Athenians made
offensive di sive them, 1631 Goucr
's Arrows i. § 60. 293 The bloud which in defensive
warre is shed, 1678 Lavy Cuawortn in 12th Rep. Hist.
MSS.Comm. App.v.44.A offencive and defencive with
Holland. atson Philip 17 (1839) #3. Able to wage
only a tedious defensive war. 1787 Map. ‘Arsiay Di
Mar., I was obliged to a defe 4
future, 1869 Rawxinson Anc. Hist. 180 Alliance, offensive
and defensive, between Sparta and Becotia.
3. Of or belonging a defence. > ae
1643 Stincssy Diary (1836) 102 .. lay at a defensive
School Recreation 67
shall now proceed (
ht. over-much (758) 16 Going to
aly s , even on the defensive side. 1845
S. Austin Ranke Hist. Ref. U1. 175 Their position was
DEFENSIVELY.
4. Spoken or written in defence of something ; of
the nature of a defence or vindication.
1604 Broucuton (¢it/e), Two little Workes defensive of our
Redemption. 1768 BLackstone Comm. III. 100 His de-
fensive allegation, to which he is entitled in his turn to the
plaintiff’s answer upon oath. 1893 Bookman June 85/2 An
appreciative essay, partly defensive of his memory.
280s
+1. Something that serves to defend or protect ;
esp. in Med. and Surg. a bandage, plaster, oint-
ment, or medicine, serving to guard against injury,
inflammation, corruption, infection, etc. Ods.
c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg, 214 Pou schalt algate aboute pe
sijknes leie a defensif of bole & terra sigillata. 1544 PHarr
Pestilence (1553) Pivb, Lay a defensiue about the sore. 1562
Turner Herbal u. 41b, If it be layd vnto woundes, it is
a good defensiue for them. 1610 Markuam Masterpiece u.
clxxiii. 485 It is also an excellent defensiue against fluxes
of blood. @1626 Bacon (J.), Wars preventive upon just
fears, are defensives, as well as on actual invasions. 1665
Evetyn Mem. (1857) III. 150 Wear this defensive for my
sake. 1725 Brapiey Fam. Dict. s.v. Wounds, lf a Nerve
happens to be cut, you must close it, and use a Defensive,
to prevent a concourse of Humours.
2. A position or attitude of defence: usually in
phr. Zo stand (act, etc.) on the defensive. [Absolute
use of A. 3.]
1601 R. Jounson Kingd. § Comm. (1603) 178 Onely to
stand upon the defensive. 1708 Swirr Predictions, The
French army acts now wholly on the defensive. 1797 Burke
Corr. IV. 431 In debate, as in war, we confine ourselves to
a poor, disgraceful, and ruinous defensive. 1828 Scorr /.
M. Perth xxxiv, The two brethren .. striking both at once,
compelled him to keep the defensive. 1869 FreeMAN Norv.
Cong. (1876) ILI. xii. 152 The plan of the Duke was to stand
wholly on the defensive. B ;
+3. One who defends himself against attack:
opposed to assailant or aggressor. Obs. rare.
1634 Sir T, Hersert 7vav.79 They. .retired home, leaving
the Georgians Victors, though defensives.
Defensively (difensivli), adv. [-ty2.] In
a defensive manner ; by way of defence.
1670 Mitton Hist. Eng. 1. Wks. (1851) 59 Camalodunum,
where the Romans had seated themselves to dwell pleasantly,
rather than defensively, was not fortifi'd. 1692 Lutrreci
Brief Rel. (1857) 11. 370 We shall, it’s beleived, act only de-
parte? 1884 Mrs. OuipHant in Blackw. Mag. Jan. 5/2
Lady Mary put up her hand defensively. 2
Defe'nsiveness. [-Nrss.] The quality of
being defensive.
1600 F. Waker Sf. Mandeville 131a, They want no
defensiuenes against the cold. 1828 Lxaminer 643/1 The
position of defensiveness. 1885 G. Merepitu Diana I. xv.
323 Arousing her instincts of defensiveness.
Defensor (difensa1, -71). Forms: 4-5 de-
fensour, (4-6 -oure, 5 -owre), 6 defencer, 6-
defensor. [ME. and AFr. defensour = OF, *de-
JSenseor, in 13th c. deffenceour, mod.F. défenseur :—
L. défensator-em (Jerome), agent-n. from adéfensare,
freq. of défendére to DEFEND. By later changes
in Eng. the word is completely assimilated to L,
défensor, agent-n. from défendére.]
+1. A defender. Odés.
Chief Defensor of the Christian Church, a title formerly
bestowed by the Pope upon individual kings, as upon
Henry VII of England.
1378 Barsour Bruce xvu. 745 Sum of the defensouris war
All dede, and othir woundit sare. ¢1430 Lypc. Bochas 1.
xvi. (1554) 33a, To holy churche he was chief defensour.
1509 FaBYAN VII. (3539) 6g0. 1530 Patscr. Introd. 10 Henry
by the grace of God, kynge of Englande and of France,
defensor of the faythe. 1596 Hove's A. §& M. 591/1 Any of
their fautors, comforters, counsellers, or defensers. 1611
Speen Hist. Gt. Brit, 1x. xx. 72 Chiefe Defensor of Christs
+ Church. 1670 Famous Conclave Clement VIII 29 The only
defensor and supportor of the Catholick Religion.
2. Rom. Hist. ‘In the later period of the empire
(after 365 A.D.), title of a magistrate in the pro-
vincial cities, whose chief duty was to afford
protection against oppression on the part of the
governor’ (Lewis & Short).
¢1370 Wycur Eng. Wks. (1880) 395 And saynte gregori
wrote to be defensoure of rome in bis maner. [1818 Hatta
Mid. Ages (1872) 1. 341 But the Defensores were also —
trates and preservers of order.] 184x W. Spacpinc Jtaly &
it. [st. 1, 112 The defensors differed in both respects. 1855,
Mitman Lat. Chr. (1864) I. m1. v. 45 What the defensor
had been in the old municipal system.
3. Roman Law. One who took up the defence
and assumed the liability of a defendant in an
action.
1875 Poste Gaius 1v. Comm, (ed. 2) 569 A defensor may
prevent a forfeiture of the stipulation. Lbid., A defensor
(unauthori: ‘ive) of the defendant gave security
judicatum solvi.
Hence Defe-nsorshiy, the office of defensor.
1855 Mitman Latin Chr. Il. The golden diadem,
7 of the Patriciate and Tsleaeorship of the city
of Rome,
Defensory (d?fe'nsori), a. and sb. Now rare
or Obs. [ad. L. défensori-us, £. défensor-em: see
DEFENSOR and -orY.] :
A. adj. That is intended, or serves, to defend ;
defensive.
1gss2 Hutort, Defensorye, Jraesidiarius. 1586 A. Day
Eng. Secretary i. (1625) 14 A Letter see answerin by
confutation all the objections. 1647 Royall § Royallist's
Plea 13 The warre on the Kings side is vindicatory and
defensorie. 1849 /raser’s Mag. XX XIX. 669 One of the de-
183
fensory provisions which the Creator has assigned to some
of His creatures. f
+ B. sb. Something defensive ; a defence. Ods.
1588 Greene Perimedes 6 As a defensorie against ensuing
griefes. 1592 (¢i¢/e), Martin Mar-Sixtus. A second Replie
against the Defensory and re of Sixtus the fifth, 1677
Gate Crt. Gentiles I. 11. 154 A Defensorie of the Scripture
and Church.
Defenst, obs. f. defenced: see DEFENCE 2.
+Defernsure. Obs. [f. L. défens- ppl. stem
of défendére+-uRE.| Something that defends;
= DEFENSIVE sd. I.
1586 W. Baitey Briefe Treat. (1633) 21 Wee must defend
the eye with some defensure to avoid the offence of a fluxe.
Defer (difs-1), v.! Forms: 4-7 differre, 5-7
deferre, (4 defere, 5-6 defar, -arre, dyfferre,
7 deferr), 5-7 differ, 5-6 differr, 6 differe, dy-
ferre, dyffer, dyffer(r-), diffar(r-), 6-7 differ(r-),
5- defer(r-). Inflexions deferred, deferring.
[ME. differre-n, a. OF. différer (21 différe), 14th c.
in Littré, ad. L. differ-re to carry apart, put off,
postpone, delay, protract; also, zv¢7., to bear in
different directions, have diverse bearings, differ.
Orig. the same word as Dirrer v. (q.v. for the
history of their differentiation), and often spelt
differ in 16-17th c.; but forms in de-, def-, are
found from the 15th, and have prevailed, against
the etymology, mainly from the stress being on the
final syllable; but partly, perhaps, by association
with delay.]
+1. ¢vans. To put on one side; to set aside. Ods.
1393 Gower Con/. I. 262 At mannes sighte Envie for to he
preferred Hath conscience so differred, ‘That no man loketh
to the vice Whiche is the moder of malice. ¢ 1430 Lync.
Hors, Shepe §& G. 96 The Syrcumstaunce me lyst nat to
defer. — Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 14 Grace withe her lycour
cristallyne and pure Defferrithe vengeaunce off ffuriose
woodnes. r
+b. To set or put ‘ beside oneself’; to bereave
of one’s wits. Ods. vave—}.
€ 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Mattheus 84 Quhame hat bai [two
sorcerers] had euir marryte Ine pare wittis or differryte.
+e. vefl. To withdraw or remove oneself, Os.
1375, Sc. Leg. Saints, Martha 171 Hely, defere pe nocht
fra me, Bot in myn helpe nov haste pu pe !
2. trans. To put off (action, procedure) to some
later time ; to delay, postpone.
1382 Wycuir Nes. xxx. 15 If the man .. into another day
deferre the sentence. 14.. Prose Legends in Anglia VIII.
132 [She] differred be questyone. 1483 Cath. Angi. 99 ‘To
Differ, differre, prolongare. 1489 Caxton aytes of A.u.
vii. 104 The Lacedemonyens with drewe them self and dif-
ferde the bataylle. 1526 TinpaLe JZa/z. xxiv. 48 My master
wyll differ his commynge. 1593 Suaks. 2 en. VJ, 1. vii. 141
Soldiers, Deferre the spoile of the Citie vntill night. 1651
Hosses Leviath. u. xxx. 183 Sometimes a Civill warre, may
be differred, by such wayes. 1711 Appison Sfect. No. 92
P2, I have deferred furnishing my Closet with Authors, ’till
I receive your Advice. 1795 SouTHEY Yoan of Arc iv. 499
O chosen by Heaven! defer one day thy march. 1863 Gro,
Euiot Romola u. iv, She deferred writing the irrevocable
words of parting from all her little world.
b. Const. with zf. ? Obs.
I H. Beaurort in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. I. 102 He
hath long differred to parfourme them. c 1450 S¢. Cuthbert
(Surtees) 7118 To wende hame pai no3t deferde. 1535 Cover-
DALE Yosh. x. 13 The Sonne .. dyfferred to go downe for the
space of a whole daye after. 1609 Biste (Douay) 2/’s. Ixxix.
Comm., How long wilt thou differre to heare our prayer?
@ 1656 UssHEeR Azz, (1658) 880 Neither did he long defer to
put those Jews to death. a@1732 Arrersury (J.), The longer
thou deferrest to be acquainted with them, the less every day
thou wilt find thyself disposed to them.
¢e. adsol, or intr, To delay, procrastinate: rarely
with off
1382 Wycur Dezt. vii. 10 So that he scater hem, and
ferther differre not [1388 differr [v.~. tarie] no lengere], ¢1450
St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 7523 He defard, and walde no3t trus.
1577 NortHBrookEe Dicing (1843) 180 Whyles he desired,
they deferred. a1592 GREENE & Lonce Looking Glass Wks.
(Rtldg.) 129/1 Defer not off, to-morrow is too late. 1614
Br. Hart Recoll, Treat. 935 God differ’s on purpose that
our trials may be perfect. 1635 R. Botton Com. Affi. Conse.
ix. 252 The longer thou putst off and defferest the more un-
fit shalt thou be to repent. 1742 Younc Nt. Th. i. 390 Be
wise to-day ; 'tis madness to defer. 1771 P. Parsons New-
market \. 21, 1 have waited (demurred, my gentle reader, if
you be a lawyer, deferred, if you be a divine) .. a full year,
3. trans. To put off (a person or matter) to a
future occasion: +a. a person. Ods.
1382 Wycuir Acts xxiv. 22 Sothli Felix deferride hem [1388
delayede, A7S, X, ether differride; Tinpa.e differde, 153
Great B, deferede, 1557 Genev. differed, 1582 K hewz. differred,
1611 and 1881 deferred]. 1545 Brinktow Comf/. 20 b, Men
be differyd from tyme to tyme, yea from yere to yere. 1642
Rocers Naaman 137 If it seem good to thy wisdome to
deferre me. 1709 Stryre Anz. Ref 1, xxxviil. 440 He was
deferred until Monday.
b. a time, matter, question.
1509 Barciay Shyp of Folys (1570) 49. Where they two
borowed, the; aa to Pc Their day of payment
longer to d 1536 ‘Echort. Jr. North 135 in Furniv,
Ballads 1. 309 Differ not matteres tyll a new 3ere. 1550
Morwyne Lvonynt. 95 ‘ich conserveth the healt
of man’s body, prolongeth a man’s youth, differeth age,
1559 WILLocK Lett. toC vosraguellin Keith Hist. Church Sc.
App. 198(Jam.), I wold aske quhilk of us differreth the Caus.
1611 Biste Pov. xiii. 12 Hopedeferred maketh the heart sicke.
ec. To relegate to a later part of a treatise.
1538 Starkey England 1. iv. 123 Let us not entur intothys
dysputatyon now, but .. dyffer hyt to hys place. 1558 Knox
DEFERENCE.
First Blast (Arb.) 37 The admonition I differe to the end.
1611 Coryat Crudities 480, I had differred it till the end of
the sermon. 1695 Woopwarp Nat. Hist. Earth 1. (1723) 41
Which I choose, rather than trouble the Reader with a
Detail .. here, to deferr to their proper Place. 1877 J. D.
Cuamsers Divine Worship 284 It has been found necessary
to defer them to the Appendix.
+4. To put off (time), waste in delay. Ods.
1382Wycuir ze, xii. 22 Dais shulen be differrid, or drawen,
in to loong [1388 differrid in to long tyme]. 1548 Hati
Chron. 184 Not mynding to differre the time any farther.
1579 Lyty Luphues (Arb.) 123 Idle to deferre y® time lyke
Saint George, who is euer on horsebacke yet neuer rydeth.
rsgr Suaks. 1 //ex. VJ, u. ii. 33 Deferre no tyme, delayes
haue dangerous ends. 1633 G. Hersert 7emple, Deniald
vi, O cheer and tune my heartlesse breast, Deferre no time.
+b. To protract; also 27. to linger. Obs.
1546 Lanctey Pol. Verg. De Invent. 1. xii. 24a, The
Warres were longe differred. 1561 Norton & Sackv. Gor-
boduc 1v. ii, Why to this houre Have kind and fortune thus
deferred my breath? 1561 Hottysusu How. Afpoth. 42),
If the disease woulde differre, and the jaundis woulde not
voyde.
Defer (difa-1), v.2 Also 5-6 differ, 6-7 de-
ferre, (8 defere). Inflexions deferred, deferring.
[a. F. déférer (al défere), 16th c. in Littré (defferer
14th c. in Godef. Suff/.), in same sense as Eng.,
ad. L. défer-re to bring or carry away, convey
down, to bring or carry with reference to destina-
tion, to confer, deliver, transfer, grant, give, to
report, to refer (a matter) to any one; f. Dr-I.1, 2
+ferre to bear, carry.]
+1. ¢vans. To carry down or away; to convey
(to some place); to bring away. Ods. rare.
1626 Bacon Sylva § 254, I do not think that if a Sound
should pass through divers mediums .. it would deliver the
Sound in a differing place, from that unto which it is
deferred. 1654 R.Coprincron tr. //ist. Justine 552 He was
so much amazed at it, that he conld not forbear to vomit or
defer the forced burthen of his belly.
+2. To offer, proffer, tender; in Law, to offer
for acceptance. Const. 40, rarcly ov. 70 defer an
oath = ¥. déférer un serment, L. deferre Jusjuran
dum. Obs.
1563 Foxe A. § AZ. 782b, Vpon a corporall othe to them
deferred by the iudges. 1565 Juewrt Wepd. //arding (1611)
379 That Godly worship which .. of the Diuines is called
Latria, is deferred only to the Blessed Trinity. 1651 Hozsrs
Leviath, nu. xxx. 177 Vo deferre to them any obedience, or
honour. 1677 Gate Crt, Gentiles i. 172 Apuleius .. does
in vain defer or bestow this honor on those Demons. 1764-7
Lp. G. Lytreiton //ist. Hen. L1, Il. 95 (Seager) How very
wonderful is it that all the princes .. when a king renowned
for his valour..was actually at their head, should defer the
command to a monk. 1832 Austin Yurispr. (1879) 11. Mii.
894 Until he accept the inheritance, he has a right deferred
or proffered by the law (jus dedatum) but he has not a right
fully acquired (jus acguisitum),
+3. To submit (a matter ¢o a person, etc.) for
determination or judgement; to refer. Ods.
1490 Acta Dom. Conc. 204 (Jam.) The lordis will differ the
hale mater to the said Robert spoussis aitht. 1541 BARNES
Was. (1573) 345/1 This matter was deferred of both partes
to the sentence of the kyng. 1660 R. Coxe Power §& Subj.
160 We teach, that among Priests there be no strifes and
wrangling, nor let them be deferred to the Secular power.
1691 Brain in W. S. Perry Hist. Coll. Amer. Cel. Ch. (1860)
I. 4 The council, he said, would defer it to the committee for
plantations.
+4. absol. To refer for information fo. Obs.
1563 Foxe A. §& M. 797 b, Concernynge the depositions of
this Lorde Paget, here producted, we differ to the xx. act,
where you shal fynde hym examined.
+5. dtr. (for ref.) To submit oneself zo. Sc. Obs.
1479 Acta Dom. Audit. go (Jam.) Decretis .. that Johne
Stewart .. sall.. pay to Archibald Forester of Corstorfin
xx L yerly of viii yeris bigain .. becauss the said Archibald
differit to his aith, and he refusit to suere in presens of the
lordis. 1490 Acta Dom. Conc. 194 (Jam.) The lordis aboue
writtin wald nocht defer to the said excepcioun.
6. zxtr. To submit in opinion or judgement /o ;
to pay deference /o.
It is probably with reference to this that Evelyn, 1667
(Mem. ILI. 161 ed. 1857), says, We have hardly any words
that de .. fully express the French emotion, defer, effort.
1686 F. Spence House of Medici 306 (L.) They not only
deferred to his counsels in publick assemblies, but he was
moreover the umpire of domestic matters. 1730 A. GorDoON
Mafjei’s Amphith.8 How far we must defere tohis Authority?
1792 Burke Let. to Sir H. Langrishe Wks. 1842 I. 543 If
you had not deferred to the judgment of others. 1855 Pres-
corr Philip I, 1. ix. (1857) 165 Philip.. had the good sense
to defer to the long experience and the wisdom of his father.
1870 Bryant //iad I. 1. 31 And let me warn my mother, Wise
as she is, that she defer to Jove.
Deference (de'férens). [a. F. déférence (16th
c.), f. déférer to DEFER ¥.2: see -ENCE. ]
+1. The action of offering or proffering ; tender-
ing, bestowing, yielding. Ods. rare—'.
1660 tr. Amyraldus’ Treat. conc. Relig. 1. iii. 35 Our de-
ference of all honor and glory to that which we venerate.
2. Submission to the acknowledged superior
claims, skill, judgement, or other qualities, of
another. Often in phr. Zo pay, show, yield defer-
ence,
1647 CLARENDON Hist. Red. 1. (1843) 9/2 He was.. negli-
gent .. to correspond with him with that deference he had
used to do, but had the courage to dispute his commands,
1706 Estcourt Fair Examp. i. i, Now, Sir, you shall stay
and see what a Deference they pay to m Skill and Autho-
rity. 17xx Appison Sect, No. 62 ® 7 With all the Deference
that is due to the Judgment of sogreata Man, 1798 FerRiar
DEFERENCY “
Tlustr. Sterne, Varieties of Man 196 Much of this evil has
certainl from undue deference to authorities.
1830 D’Israrui Chas. /, II. vii. 148 Charles often yielded
a Strange deference to minds inferior to his own. 1836 H.
Corertwcr North. Worthies (1852) 1. 6 That voice of autho-
rity to which he would have paid most willing deference.
3. Courteous regard such as is rendered to a
superior, or to one to whom respect is due; the
manifestation of a disposition to yield to the claims
or wishes of another. Const. 40, + for.
@ 1660 Hammonp Wes. II. 1. 137 (R.) Why was not John
who was a virgin chosen, or preferred before the rest ?.. his
answer is, because Peter was the Elder, the deference being
given tohisage. 1662 J. Davies tr. Olearius’ Voy. Ambass.
80 Nor have they any more complyance one for another,
than they have deference for strangers: for instead of being
civil one to another [etc.]. 1 Lively Orac. v- § 15. 296,
I shall consider to which God himself appears in Scripture
to give the deference. 1712 STEELE Sfect. No. 497 P 2 He
was conducted from room to room, with great deference, to
the minister. 1754 Cuatuam Lett, Nephew iv. 20 Their age
and learning..entitle them to all deference. 1855 H, Reep
Lect. Eng. Hist. iii. 411 That indescribable and instinctive
deference to the feelings of others, which constitutes the
gentlemanly spirit.
4. In deference to: in respectful acknowledge-
ment of the authority of, out of practical respect
or regard to.
1863 H. Cox /ustit. 1. x. 249 The resignation of a Prime |
Minister in deference to the will of the House of Commons.
1867 Smites Huguenots Eng. xi. (1880) 195 In deference to
public opinion, he granted some relief to the exiles from his
privy purse. 1879 M. Arnotp /rish Cathol. Mixed Ess.
ror It is in deference to the opinion..of such a class that
we shape our policy.
Deference, obs. form of DIFFERENCE.
+Deferency. 0¢s. rare—'. [f. as prec. with
ending -ENCY, q.v.] = DEFERENCE.
1678 Owen Mind of God v. 132 A due reverence and
deferency unto the Wisdom. .of God.
Deferent (de‘férént), a.1 and st. Also 5-7
different, 6 defferent. [a. F. déférent (Tare
16th c.), or immed. ad. L. déferent-em, pr. pple. of
défer-re to carry down or away.]
A. adj. Carrying or conveying down or to a
particular destination.
1626 Bacon Sylva Argt. to § 221, etc., The Figures of Pipes,
or Concaues, thorow which Sounds passe; or the other Bodies
different ; conduce to the Variety and Alteration of the
Sounds. 1686 Snare Anat. //orse 1. xxiii. 47 These deferent
Vessels are two, one on each side. 1877 Huxiry -iuat,
Jnv. Anim. vii. 378 The..testes end in a pair of deferent
ducts.
B. sé.
1. A carrying or conducting agent; sec. in
Phys., a canal or duct for conveying fluids.
1626 Bacon Sylva § 133 Vhough Aire be the most favour-
able Deferent of Sounds. /é/d. § 217 All of them are dull
and unapt Deferents except the Air. 1730-6 Battery (folio),
Deferents, those vessels of the body appointed for the con-
veyance of humours from one part to another.
2. In the Ptolemaic astronomical system: The
circular orbit of the centre of the epicycle in which
a planet was conceived to move: corresponding
(roughly) to the actual orbit of the planet. Cf.
EPICYCLE 1.
1413 Lypc. Pilgr. Sowle v. i. 70 Within eueryche of these
seuen speres, there was a Cercle embelyfyng som what..
whiche Cercle clepeth the different. 1594 BLuNDEviL Exerc.
un 1. xv. (ed. 7) 306 The Circle that carrieth the Moon,
called her Defferent. 1690 Leysourn Cursus Math. 757
‘The Semidiametre of the Deferent .. is equal to 564 Semi-
diametres of the Earth. 1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn. s. v.,
‘The two points where the Epicicle intersects the Deferent
are called the Points of the greatest Elongation. 1834 Nat.
Philos., Hist. Astron. vi. 31/2 (Useful Knowl. Soc.), He
[Ptolemy] himself considered his system of deferents and
epicycles merely as a means of determining mathematically
the positions of the heavenly bodies for any given time.
3. One who reports a matter; the communicator
of a notice.
1670 Evetyn in Phil. Trans. V. 1056, 1 communicate to
them, through your hands, not only the Instrument... but
the Description of the Use and Benefit of it from such
a Deferent, as I am sure they will very highly value. 1671
— Mem. (1857) 111.238 Unless you approve of what I write,
and assist the deferrent, for I am no more.
Deferent (de‘férént), a.2 [f. Deven v.2, and
DEFERENCE; see -ENT.] Showing deference, de-
ferential, ;
1822 Blackw. Mag. X1. 167 His opposition .. was always
modest, deferent. 1 Miss Mutock 3. Halifax (ed. 17)
413 Never in all his life had Guy been so deferent, so loving,
to his father. 1886 Mattock Old Order Changes 1. vil,
Easiness and want of defe di in his
Deferential (deférenfal), a1 [f. Dererence
(or its L, type *déferentia) + -aL; cf. essence,
essential, prudence, prudential, etc.] Characterized
by deference ; a deference ; respectful.
1822 Scotr ip ged xxii, If you seek deferential observance
and attendance, I tell you at once you will not find them
here, 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick. xvii, She was marvellous}
deferential to Madame Mantalini. 1870 Disrar.i Lothair
xxviii, The Duke. .could be soft and deferential to women.
Hence Deferentia‘lity sJ., deference; Deferen-
tially adv., in a deferential manner,
134
.. and conducted to seats of honour. 1865 Dickens M/ut,
Fr. u1. i, Deferentially observant of his master’s face.
Defere’ntial, 2.2 Phys. [a.F. déférentiel (e.g.
artere déférentielle), f. défévent, DEFERENT a.!: see
-AL.] Serving to convey or conduct; pertaining to
the deferent duct.
1877 Huxtey Anat. Juv. Anim. xi. 640 The deferential
end of the testicular tube s into a sac close to the anus.
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Deferential ai , a small branch
supplied to the vas deferens by one of the branches of the
superior vesical artery. e
erment (d/foumént). [f. Derer v.! +
-MENT. Possibly from F.: Godefroy Supf/. cites
an example of déferrement of 14th c.] A putting
off; postponement, delay.
1612 W. Parkes Curtaine Dr. (1876) 31 Mercers and
Taylors may their customes hire, With long deferment of
their tedious bils. 1832 Soutney Hist, Penins. War \11.
191 The cases which could bear no deferment of relief. 1884
M. Arnowp in Pall Mall G. 1 Dec. 6/2 The delays and the
deferments which they are certain to lead to.
Deferred (difa1d), pf/. a. [f. Derer v.1 +
-ED.] Postponed, put off for a time, delayed.
Deferred Annuity, an annuity that does not begin till
after a certain period or number of years, or till the occur-
rence of a future event, as the decease some person.
Deferred Bonds: see quot. 1882. st pita Pay, a part of
the pay of a soldier, etc., which is held
his discharge, or at death ; in the British Army the amount
of deferred pay for soldiers and non-commissioned officers is
two}
paid annually. Deferred Shares, Stock: see quot. 1882.
Deferred shoot: see quot. 1883.
1651 Hospes Leviath, ut. xxxii. 198 An immediate, or
a not long deferr'd event. oe Essex Papers (Camden) I.
215 That no surprise might put upon y* Excellency by
the defered hearing. 1 J. Poote Narr. Foreign Corps
63 My first knowledge of the deferred list. 1819 SHELLEY
Cenci v. ii. 23 "Tis my hate, and the deferred desire To
wreak it, which extinguishes their [the cheeks’] blood. 1855
Macautay //ist. Eng. 1V. 381 The effect .. of bitter regrets
and of deferred hopes. 1882 Bitnett Counting-house Dict.
s.v., Deferred Bonds are bonds issued by a Government or
by a company, entitling the holder to a gradually increasin,
rate of interest, till the interest amount to a certain specifie
rate, when they are classed as, or are converted into Active
Bonds. Deferred Shares are shares issued by a Trading
Company, but not entitling the holder to a full share of the
profits of the company, and sometimes to none at all, until
the expiration of a specified time, or the occurrence of some
event. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lexv., Deferred shoots, the shoots
produced from dormant buds in the axils of bud-scales.
1889 Whitaker's Alm. 645 Deferred pay is an additional
payment of £3 per annum made to all non-commissioned
officers and soldiers on discharge who have fulfilled certain
conditions.
Deferrer (d/fara1). [f. Derer v.1 + -EK!.]
One who defers ; a delayer, postponer.
1552 Hutoet, Deferrer, cunctator. 1 Wittock Let. to
Crossraguel in Keith Hist. Ch. Scotl. App. 198 Quhilk of
both is the Differrer of the Caus? a@1637 B. Jonson tr.
Horace’s Art Poetry 245 A great deferrer, long in hope,
grown numb With sloth, yet greedy still of what's to come.
1880 G. Merepitn 7'rag. Cort, xiv. (1892) 200 One of those
delicious girls in the New Comedy .. called ‘The Postponer,
‘The Deferrer, or, as we might say, ‘The To-Morrower.
Deferring (difarin), vd/. sb. [f. Dever v.!
+-InG1.] The action of the verb DeFrER!; de-
laying, postponement.
14.. Lypc. Temple of Glas 1206 Abide awhile .. Let no
sorow in pin herte bite For no differring. 1583 Stusses
Anat. Abus. 1, (1882) 9 This deferring of iustice is as
damnable before God. 162x Br. Hatt Heaven upon Earth
§ 6 After all these friuolous deferrings, it [sinne] will returne
vpon thee. 1633 Eart Mancu. Ad Mondo (1636) 112 By
deferring wee presume upon that we haue not, and neglect
that we haue.
Deferri (d?farin), Af/. a.. [f. Derer v.1
+-ING 2.] at defers ; putting off, delaying.
€ 1565 Linpgsay (Pitsc.) Chron, Scot. (1728) 105 Gave them
a differring answer which was little to effect.
Defe'rring, #//. 4." [f. Derer v.2 + -1NG 2,
Manifesting deference ; deferential.
x8ag S. ‘Turner //ist. Eng. 1V. 11. xxvii. 198 The language
of very deferring but of rather strong affection.
+ Defe'rve, v. Ols. rare. [ad. L. déferviére to
boil down, boil thoroughly, f. Dx- I. 3 b + fervere
to boil.] To boil down.
1420 Pallad. on Hush, xi. 485 Defrut, carene .. Of must
is made ; Defrut of defervyng Til thicke,
Defervesce (défaive's), v. [ad. L. défervésceve
to cease to boil, cool down, f. Dr- I. 6 +/ervéscere,
inceptive of fervére to be hot.] intr. To cool down.
Sat, Rev. Med fhe The pamphlet .. has experi-
= thé fate incidental to effervescent things—it has de-
Defervescence (difaive'séns). [f. L. défer-
véscent-em DEFERVESCENT: see -ENCE,
1. Cooling down; abatement of heat.
17ar Baitey, Defervescence, a growing cool, an abating.
1775 in Asn. Hence in mod. Dicts.
2. Path, The decrease of bodily temperature
which accompanies the abatement of fever or
feverish symptoms ; the period of this decrease.
(Introduced in German (de ore gm by Wunderlich.)
1866 Brarruwaite Retrospect of Med. LIM. 14 The height
of the fever was reached on mber 31st..after this defer-
1880 Cornh. Mag. Feb. 183 His he jises as
such with respectful deferentiality. 1846 Gentlem. Mag.
cited in Worcester for deferentially. 1848 C, Bronte
F. Eyre vii. (1873) 61 These ladies were deferentially received
went on gradually. x1 H. C. Woon Therap.
(1879) 145 It is evident hus, sone of these
Wanderlich's the drug was given about the time natural
defervescence would be expected to occur, 1877 Roberts
over to be paid at ©
DEFIANCE.
pars Med. (ed. 3) 1. 78 O 7
quite irregular in its progress.
+ serexve'scency. Obs. [f. as prec. + -ENCY.]
3 ER, wee. Exemp. v. § 20. 155 After a long
tine hey ae abated A a defervescency in holy actions.
1684 tr. t's Merc. Compit. vi. 160 A Loosness, which
follows in the defervescency of a Fever.
escent (difaive'sént), a. and sb. [f.
L. défervéscent-em, pr. pple. of dzfervéscére to Dz-
FERVESCE.] ‘That which can reduce fever and
high temperature, as cold and bloodletting’ (Syd.
Soc. Lex.).
Defesance, Defese, etc., obs. ff. DEFEASANCE,
DEFEASE, etc.
Defet, var. of Derrir a. Ods., wasted.
Defete, -fette, obs. forms of Drrzar sé. and v.
+ Defeu'd. nonce-wd. [f. DE-+FruD: on some
mistaken analogy, such as sfite, despite.] = Feud.
1648 Evetyn Mem. (1857) III. 22 If the commanders were
all at defeud one amongst the other.
: see De- II. 1.
Defeysance, obs. form of DEFEASANCE.
Deff(e, obs. forms of Dear.
D it, a. Her. Obs.-° [F. défait, in OF.
desfait, deffait, undone, deprived, etc.]
lw def .
y deter
| 1927 Batey vol. II, Deffait, is used to signify the Head
of 4 Bt af apite
nce a day; to men in the reserve force the amount is |
| anoder callenge hym k
day. ¢ Lyne.
| to Cin, te his mysgovernau!
t cut off smooth, the same as Decapité. 1
Cuamsers Cycl., Deffait or Decapité, a cae used ra
French heralds.
ffame, Deffawte, obs. ff. DeFame, DEFAULT.
Deffayt, deffete, obs. forms of DEFEAT.
Deffe, var. of Darr sé., fool, —
1482 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 315 Yf any her dysspysse
‘e or horson, or deffe.
Deffence, Defform, etc.: see DEFENCE, etc.
Deffer, var. of Dever Ods., duty.
Defference, obs. form of DIFFERENCE, ,
Defity, erron. form of DEFTLY,
ed: see DEAFHEAD.
Defiable (difaiib’l), 2.1 rare. [f. Dery v.! +
-ABLE.] Capable of being defied ; + defiant.
1874 M. & F. Cotuins Frances 1. 14 Oh! I think he’s
rather a defiable young gentleman, :
+ Defi‘able, a.2 Obs. rare—'. [f. Dery v.2 +
-ABLE.] Capable of being digested ; digestible.
a 1450 /ysshynge bs a an Angle (1883) 2 And ete norysch-
ing metes & defyabul.
Defial (a/pi-al). rare. [In ME., a. OF. defiaille
(13-14th c. in Godef.), f. defier to Dery: see
-AL 5. In modern use perh. directly from the Eng.
verb: cf. denial.) = DEFIANCE.
1470 Harvinc Chron. civ. iv, He helde the felde and
kyng ad warred, And letters sent hym, defyals and
vmbrayde, Of hys suraunce and othe. 1793 W. Taytor tr.
Goethe's Iph. in Tauris Note 119 This d is not a Gothic
and misplac’d idea. 1824 W. Taytor in Monthly Mag. LVI.
509 King Meliad, And Danayn .. took part In the defial.
1848 W. fh. Ketty tr. L. Blanc’s Hist. Ten Y. 11. 267 Abuse,
which he met with lofty defial or silent contempt.
Defiance (d/faiins). Forms: 4 defye-, 5
defy-, diffi-, diffye-, dyffy-, 5-6 defi-, deffy-
aunce, 6 diffyans, diffi-, defyance, 5— defiance.
[a. OF. defiance, deff-, desf-, the action of defying
= Pr, desfiansa, OSp. desfianza, It. disfidansa :—
Romanic *disfidantia, f. disfidare, med.L. diffidare :
see Devry v.Land-ance. Mod.F. défiance in sense
of ‘distrust’ appears to be influenced by L. difi-
dentia distrust : see DirFIDENCE.] ?
+1. Renunciation of faith, allegiance, or amity ;
declaration of hostilities. Ods.
cr K. Alis. 5545 Alisaunder the wryt behelde, And
saugh therinne thretyng belde, And defyeaunce, the thrid
in. Poems 92 (Mitz.) Arbachus .. sent
f Mekal de tier tars wade
layne defyaunce. ¢1 ‘elusine 350 lete ea
lettre of dciyeunce of wiktheh the tenour foloweth. 1
Lp. Berners /roiss. 1. xxxiv. 48 That who soeuer wolde
any hurte to other, shuld make his defyance thre dayes
before = Rago et tony ere (1847) 231
Spaine e the ith Eng! and t y
which of all kindes of defi is most rep tyres!
least reputation .. the most honourable is with trumpet and
herald to proclaime and denounce the warre by publicke
defiance. 1649 Miron cme of Kings a 2 The
whole — league rai open war agai arles
the Fifth .. sent him a defiance, vaneupcen all faith and
allegiance toward him. ; an
+b. At defiance: at enmity or hostility. Ods.
By ing! Foxe A. & M. (1684) IIT. 574 Cleave unto God,
at defiance with his enemies the P. . 1598
Grenewey 7 acitus’ Ann, m1. vii. (1622) 74 The jinces at
defiance with vs. 1634 Sir T. Hersert /7av. (1638 28 The
two kings .. live at d » ate Weaiba €S ponws a
pay deerely for eithers ambition. 1705 J. win Pa.
Hist. Soc. Mem. X. 58, 1 have been ever since the sending
of that letter .. at e with him. -
2. The act of defying or challenging to fight ;
a challenge or summons to a combat or contest;
a challenge to make good or maintain a cause,
assertion, etc. Cartel of defiance: see CARTEL and
quots,
Lyne. Bochas 11. Prol. (1554) 40a, Vertue on fortune
maketh a a eotaenes. 1 Alive Mag Browns a To
sou’ efiaunce, fyre sword ight. x, HAKS.
Rich. 7, us iii. 130 Shall we. .send Defiance to the Praytor?
DEFIANT.
1639 tr. Camus’ Moral Relat. 703 Saluted by a letter of
defiance, which marked out the houre and the place where
he should come with a second. 1755 Jonnson, Defiance ..
achallenge to make any impeachment good. 183 Brew-
ster Newton (1855) 11. xv. 64 He could not dispense with
answering .. Sir Isaac Newton ..who had given him a defi-
ance in express terms, 1856 Froupe //ist. Eng. (1858) II.
ix. 372 To the king, the pope’s conduct appeared a defiance ;
and as a defiance he accepted it. :
3. The act of setting at nought; open or daring
resistance offered to authority or any opposing
force.
1710 STEELE Tatler No. 98 P3 Remarkable for that Piece
of good Breeding peculiar to natural Britons, to wit Defiance,
a1714 Snare Wks. VI. Dis. vitt. (R.), This open and scan-
Sale violation and defiance of his most sacred fundamental
laws. 1883 FroupE Short Stud. 1V. 1. ix. 105 The open
disobedience of the order.. could be construed only as
defiance. F
4. Phr. a. To bid defiance to: to defy, declare
hostility to; to brave, set at nought; so /o se¢ at
defiance.
162x Burton Anat. Mel. 11. iii. 111. (1676) 210 He set her
[Fortune] at defiance ever after. 1667 Decay Chr. Piety (J.),
‘The Novatian heresy .. bade such express defiance to apos-
tacy. 1757 Centinel No. 34 The fire of youth... when
agitated by any violent passion. .sets everything at defiance.
1794 SULLIVAN View Nat. 11, The Alps. See how scornfully
they look down upon you, and bid defiance to the elements.
1842 Miss Mirrorp in L’Estrange Z7/e III. ix. 144 They
might have set the Tories at defiance.
b. Ln defiance of: with daring disregard of;
setting at nought.
I ounson Kambler No. 75 P15 He carries me the first
dish, in defiance of the frowns and whispers of the table.
1816 KeatINGE Trav. (1817) I. 15 Clung to .. in defiance of
reason and sensation, 1874 GREEN Short Hist. iv. § 5. 202
Gaveston .. was beheaded in defiance of the terms of his
capitulation.
+5. Declaration of aversion or contempt ; rejec-
tion. Obs. rare-},
.1603 Suaxs. Meas. for M. in. i. 143 Such a warped slip of
wildernesse Nere issu’d from his blood, Take my defiance,
Die, perish.
' +6. Distrust. Ods. rare—'. [=mod.F. défiance.]
1662 Pepys Diary 6 Jan., Major Holmes .. I perceive,
would fain get to be free and friends with my wife ; but I
shall prevent it, and she herself hath a defyance against him,
Defiant (d/feiant), 2. [a. F. défiant, OF. des-,
deff-, defiant, pr. pple. of desfier, défier : see DEFY
and -ant, App. quite of modern use.]
1. Showing a disposition to defy; manifesting a
spirit of defiance.
1837 Brypces cited in WorcesTER. 1840 CARLYLE //evoes
(1858) 289 The man’s heart that dare rise defiant .. against
Hell itself. 1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. 11. xi. 510 The defiant
attitude which she had assumed. 1863 Gro. Evior Romola
u. viii, She had started up with defiant words ready to burst
from her lips. i
|| 2. Feeling distrust. [=mod.F, défant.]
1872 Lever Ld. Kilgobbin xv. (1875) 98 He was less defiant,
or mistrustful.
Defiantly (défi-antli), adv. [f. prec. + -Ly 2.]
In a defiant manner; with defiance; daringly.
1859 Hatuiwett Lvid. Chr. 150 The early Christians ..
defiantly neglected the polytheistic worship. 1874 GREEN
Short Hist, viii. § 3. 487 Buckingham .. stood defiantly at
his master’s side as he was denounced.
Defi‘antness. vave. [-Ness.] The quality
of being defiant.
1872 Gro. Etior Middlem. \xi, He answered ., speaking
with quick defiantness,
+ Defi‘atory, «. Ods. rare—'. [f. Dery v.',
after words like commend-atory.] Bearing or
conveying defiance.
Suetrorp Learned Disc. 276(T.) The letters defiatory
of Achmet to Sigismund the Third.
Defibrinate (défei-brincit), v. . [f. Dx- IT. 1+
Fiprin + -ate5.] ¢vans, To deprive of fibrin.
Hence Defi-brinated Z//. a.; Defibrina‘tion,
the process of depriving of fibrin. So Defi‘brinize
v. [see -1ZE] = DEFIBRINATE.
1845 G. E. Day tr. Simon’s Anim. Chem. 1. 249 Density of
defibrinated blood. 1880 Nature XXI. 453 On diluting the
fresh blood. .and exposing it after rapid defibrination. 188
G. F. Dowpeswett in ¥rn/. Microsc. Sc. Jan. 160, I have
not found it necessary to defibrinate the blood. 1883 Syd,
Soc, Lex., Defibrinize, 1885 Oaitvir, Defibrinize.
+ Deficience (dtiifens), Obs. [ad. late L.
déficientia, f. déficient-em DEFICIENT; see -ENCE.]
The fact of being deficient ; failure, want, defi-
ciency.
1605 Bacon Adv, Learn, u1, ii. § 4,11 In these kindes of
vnperfect Histories I doe assign no deficience, 1641 Lp. J,
Dicey Sf, iz Ho, Com. 19 Jan. 20 The deficience of Parlia-
ment hath bin the Causa Causarum of all the Mischiefs.
1667 Mitton P. LZ. vit, 416 Thou in thy self art perfect, and
in thee Is no deficience found. 1762-71 Wisc Vertue's
Anecd. Paint, (1782) V. 2 Want of colouring is the capital
deficience of prints. 1784 Jounson Lett. to Mrs. Thrale
ro Mar., Imputing every defici to criminal] neglig:
Deficiency (difi-fénsi). [f. as prec. ; see-Ency.]
1. The quality or state of being deficient or want-
ing; failure; want, lack, absence ; insufficiency,
1634 E. Knott Charity maintained v. § 9 The Doctrine of
the total deficiency of the visible Church, which ,. is main-
tained by divers chief Protestants. 1646 Str T. Browne
Pseud. ¢. iv. v. 188 Scaliger finding a defect in the reason
of Aristotle, introduceth one of no lesse deficiency himselfe.
1767 BLacksToNE Comm. II, 246 Escheats ., arising merely
135
upon the deficiency of the blood, whereby the descent is
impeded, 1793 Beppors Math. Evid. 62 We may make up,
by continued attention, for their deficiency of original acute-
ness. 1797 M. Bai.tir A/ord. Anat. Pref., Patients often
explain very imperfectly their feelings, partly from the
natural deficiency of language. 1865 Grote Plato I. i. 83
‘These particles might be in excess as well as in deficiency.
b. with aand f/.; An instance of this condition ;
something wanting ; a defect, an imperfection,
1664 H. More A/yst. /nig. 116 That there is a deficiency in
the Merits of Christ. 1664 Power xf, Philos, 1. 53 They
discover the flaws and deficiencies of the latter. 1736 Burt-
LER Anal. 1. v. Wks. 1874 I. 92 Nature has endued us with
a power of supplying those deficiencies, by acquired know-
ledge. 1817 J. Scort Paris Revisit. (ed. 4) 184 The battle
.. proved the existence of a deficiency in the latter quarter.
1828 D'Israett Chas. J, I. vii. 168 This consciousness of
his own deficiencies is an interesting trait in his character.
1853 J. H. Newman /ést, Sh. (1876) I. 1. iii. 127 Where art
has to supply the deficiencies of nature.
e. Math. Defictency of a curve: the number by
which its double points fall short of the highest
number possible in a curve of the same order.
1865 CayLey Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. 1. No. iii, It will be
convenient to introduce the term ‘ Deficiency’, viz. a curve
of the order with 4(%—1)(#—2) — D double points, is said
to have a deficiency = D. 1893 Forsytu Vheory of Func-
Zions 356 The deficiency of a curve is the same as the class
of the Riemann surface associated with its equation.
d. The amount by which the revenue of a state,
company, etc. falls short of the expenditure; a de-
ficit ; hence deficiency act, bill, law (i.e. one to meet
such a deficiency) ; the amount by which the assets
of a debtor fall short of his liabilities ; hence de/-
ctency account, statement,
2. attrib.
1719 W. Woop Surv. Trade 168 A considerable Sum of
Money arising by the Deficiency Law. 1887 Daily News
26 Oct. 6/8 None of the debtors have as yet filed deficiency
accounts, 1887 Pal? Mall G. 30 Nov. g/t The bankrupt
was then questioned upon his deficiency statement.
Deficient (d/fi:fént), a. and sé. [ad. L. def-
cient-em, pr. pple. of déficere to fail, orig. to undo,
do away, take oneself away, leave, forsake; f. Dr-
I. 6 + facére to make, do. Cf. mod.F, déficient
(1754 in Hatzf.).] A. adj.
1, Wanting some part, element, constituent, or
characteristic which is necessary to completeness,
or having less than the proper amount of it ; want-
ing or falling short 7 something ; defective.
1604 Suaks. O¢h. 1, iii. 63 Being not deficient, blind, or
lame of sense. 1632 Lirncow 7vav. A iv, Howsoever the
Gift, and the Giver be deficient. 1651 ‘IT’. Rupp Euclide
A iv, The [Manuscript] Copie, in many places, was deficient.
1659 O. WALKER Oratory 32 Latine words (where our lan-
guage is deficient) Englished. 1663 CowLry Disc. Govt.
O. Cromwell (1669) 74 In the point of murder .. we have
little reason to think that our late Tyranny has been deficient
to the examples .. set it in other Countreys. 1713 STEELE
Englishman No. 19. 121 We find our selves deficient in any
thing else sooner than in our Understanding. 1758 JoHNSON
Idler No. 72 ® 1 Mencomplain .. of deficient memory. 1861
Fro. NicutincaLe Nursing 5 The best women are wofully
deficient in knowledge about health. 1891 Law Times
XCII. 94/1 Milk which on analysis proved to be deficient
in fatty matter to the extent of about 33 per cent.
+b. Gram. =DeEFEcTIVE a.5. Obs. ec. Arith.
Deficient number: a number the sum of whose
factors is less than the number itself. d. Geom.
Deficient hyperbola: a cubic curve having only one
asymptote. +e. J/ws. Applied to any interval di-
minished by a comma. Odés.
_ 1727-5 Campers Cyci., Defective, or Deficient Nouns,
in grammar. Lbid., Deficient Hyperbola, Lbid., Deficient
numbers .. Such, e.gr.is 8; whose quota parts are, 1, 2, and
4; which, together, only make 7. 1753 /d7d., Supp. s.v.
ers beat Limma of the Greek Scale, or deficient Semi-tone
ajor.
2. Present in less than the proper quantity ; not
of sufficient force; wholly or partly wanting or
lacking ; insufficient, inadequate.
1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biond:'s Eromena 14 Meere conjec-
tures were deficient because the meanes (whereby to con-
jecture) were wanting, 1663 CowLry Diésc. Govt. O. Crom-
well (1669) 70 If I should say, that personal kind of courage
had been deficient inthe man. 1748 Anson's Voy. 111. iv. 333
Apprehensions that our stock of water might prove deficient.
1856 Emerson Exg. Traits, Lit. Wks. (Bohn) II. 109 Hallam
is uniformly polite, but with deficient sympathy. 188 Max-
WELL Lkectr. §& Magn. 1. 40 The quantity of fluid which
would be required to saturate it is sometimes called the De-
ficient fluid.
+3. Deficient cause: that ‘deficience’, failure
to act, or absence of anything, which becomes the
cause or negative condition of some result. Ods.
The conception and the phrase (causa deficiens) appear
first in St. Augustine, in his discussion of the origin of
evil and of God’s relation to it, and are connected with his
doctrine that evil being nothing positive, but merely a defect,
could have no efficient, but only a deficient cause. It was
also used by Thomas Aquinas fab istinguished the phy-
sical sense of the phrase from the moral); in English it
came into vogue during the Calvinistic-Arminian contro-
versy in 16-17th c., in reference both to the origin of evil
and to the reprobation of the wicked. Cf. Derective a. 6,
(Sr. Aucust. De Civ. Dei xu. vii, Nemo igitur querat
efficientem caussam malz voluntatis, non enim est efficiens,
sed deficiens; quia nec illa effectio est, sed defectio; de-
ficere namque ab eo quod summum est, ad id quod minus
est, hoc est incipere hab: it 1
rs8r J. Bett Haddon’s Answ, Osor, 204 And hereof
DEFIGURE.
commeth the destruction of the reprobates. .y* efficient cause
wherof consisteth truely in every of their own corruption,
but the cause deficient in the will of God. 1598 BarcKLry
Felic. Man (1631) 666 It [the cause of evil and sin] is no
efficient but a deficient cause. 1658 Womock Z-ram. Tilenus
4o There are sins of omission .. and if the deficient cause in
things necessary be the efficient, you know to whom such sins
are to be imputed. 1677 Gar Crt. Gentiles 1. 11. vi. § 3. 380
As for moral evil he [God] is not the author or cause thereof
as it is evil: because moral evils as such have no efficient
cause but only deficient. 1678 /d7¢, 1v. 111. vi. 195 Gods con-
curse is neither the efficient nor deficient cause of sin.
+4. Failing, fainting; of or pertaining to swoon-
ing. Ods.
1605 Suaxs. Lear iv. vi. 23 Ile looke no more, Least my
braine turne, and the deficient sight Topple downe headlong.
1632 Lirucow 7rav. x. 438 A..giddy headed Foole, (full
of deficient Vapours).
+B. sb. Obs.
1, Something that is wanting, or absent where it
should be present. b. The want or absence of
something ; a deficiency.
1640 G. Watts tr. Bacon’s Adv. Learn. Pref. 23 To set
down more than the naked Titles, or brief Arguments of
Deficients. 1660 SuHarrock Vegetables 1 Lord Bacon ..
reckons it among the Deficients of Natural History. 1686
Witpine in Collect, (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) 1. 263 To y* mercer
for deficients to my new suit.
2. Gram. A defective noun.
1647 Warp Simp. Cobler 25 Like the Que Genus in the
Grammer, being Deficients, or Redundants, not to be
brought under any Rule. | :
3. A person who fails to do what is required ;
a defaulter,
1697 Col, Rec. Pennsylv. 1. 521 Y° Collectors had neither
brought in the Monies they had Received, nor y? names of
the deficients. 1719 Ayr Presbyt. Rec. in Ch. Life Scot.
(1885) I. i. 22 note, The deficients have all engadged to doit.
Defi‘ciently, ev. [f. prec. + -1y%.] In a
deficient manner; defectively, insufficiently.
1702 Ecuarp /ccd. Hist, (1710) 279 After she had sacrificed
many of her gallants who were too deficiently serviceable to
her. 1818 Toop, Deficiently, in a defective manner.
Deficile, obs. var. of DIFFICILE a,
+ Defi‘cious, a. Obs. rare. [irreg. f. L. aep-
cére to fail; cf. DEFIcIENT.] Deficient, lacking.
isgo-r Evyor /mage Gov. 6 Because they have been so
deficiouse of knowlage,
Deficit (defisit, dzfisit). [a. F. dficrt (1690 in
Hatzf.), a. L. déefictt ‘it is wanting, there is want-
ing’ (from déficére : see DEFICIENT), formerly used
in inventories, etc., to designate things wanting. ]
A falling short, a deficiency ; the amount by which
asum of money, or the like, falls short of what
is due or required; the excess of expenditure or
liabilities over income or assets.
1782 Gentl. Mag. LII. 122/1 The deficit in the accounts of
men entrusted with public employment, _1787'T’. JEFFERSON
Writ. (1859) II. 209 They see a great deficit in their revenues,
1817 Bentuam Parl. Ref. Catech. (1818) 75 In congress,
where, in the very last year, there was a surflus .. instead
of a deficit, as here. 1861 Muscrave Sy-roads 215 The
hardier sex was compelled to make good the deficit arising
from the withdrawal of female exertion. 1879 H. Fawcetr
in 19th Cent. Feb. 194 (Government of India) Deficits have
been repeatedly recurring, and debt has been steadily and
surely accumulated.
De fide: see Dr I. 4.
Defie, obs. form of Dery v. and sé.
Defied (d/foid), 2A/. a. [f. Dery v.1 + -Ep.]
Treated with defiance, challenged, braved.
1816 Byron Stanzas to Augusta (1.) vi, There’s more in
one soft word of thine Than in the world’s defied rebuke.
Defier (défeisar). [f. Dery v.1 + -Er!,] One
who defies, challenges, or braves.
1585 T. Wasuincton tr. Nicholay’s Voy, Turkie w. xiii.
126 Zatasnicis, which signifieth .. defyers of men, for that
every one of them are bounde to fight agaynst tenne. 1612
Two Noble K.v. i. 120,1am.. To those that boast, and have
not, a defyer. 1703 RowE Ulyss. v.i, This Defier of the
Gods. 1826 Miss Mitrorp V2d/age Ser. u. (1863) 372 The
girls,.more sturdy defiers of heat, and cold, and wet, than
boys themselves,
+ Defiguration (défigiiira'-fon). Obs, [n. of
action from med.L, défigiirare to disfigure, f. Dr-
I. 6 + figtrare to figure, fgiira figure; cf. F, dé
Jigurer.) The action of disfiguring; marring the
figure or appearance (of a thing); disfigurement.
1585 T, Wasuincton tr. Nicholay’s Voy. Turkie u. iii, 73 b,
By such defiguration they do shew very horrible. 1628
Bp. Hatt Rem. Wks. (1660) 30 These traditions are defigur-
ations and deformations of Christ exhibited. 1830 Lamn
Lett. (1837) 11, 263 A certain personal defiguration in the
man-part of this extraordinary centaur.
+ Defi: e, v.1 Obs. [a, OF. defigurer (12th
c.), var. of des-, deffigurer, mod.F, défigurer :—late
L. and Rom. disfigiirare to DisricuRe.] An early
synonym of DISFIGURE,
1340 Hampote Px. Consc, 2340 Horribely defygurd thurgh
syn. 14.. Eng. Misc. (Warton Club) 24 Thow art defygurt,
thi eyne beth depe hollowed.
+ Defigure (difigit), 0.2 Os. [f, Drs 1.3 +
Fiaure v. (cf. depict, delineate).]
1. trans. To represent by a figure or image; to
figure, delineate.
1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer’s Bk. Physicke 114/2 To be..
defigured or portraitede in woode, 1631 WEEVER Azc.
Fun, Mon, 844 Two stones as they are here defigured.
2. Ag. To represent symbolically, symbolize.
As. Seous Trav. or By this. they the
+ ov Obs. vere, To be or become stupid ;
= dialectal dale: see Darr v,
Boftinde (lek To défil, neutre, stupére,
(defla'd), sd, Fortif. [f, Deriur 2.3
+-apE, Deéfilade in ¥F, ap’ not to have this
sense, but only to be related to DeriLe v.2) = Dr-
PILEMENT %, :
mige 2: S, Macautay Piedad Portit 105 The object of de-
filade is so to regulate the relief of the parapets or covering
masses, that the defenders may be perfectly screened by
them from the view of the enemy, /ééd, 111 Tt often hap-
pens, .that a single plane of defilade would give too great a
relief, 1855 Porrtock in Aneyed. Brit, 1X, 8o1/2 It is len
ferable to excavate behind the parapet, whenever the defilade
requires so great an increase of height, 1879 Cassed/'s
Techn, Kadue. u. 106 The various practical operations that
are gone through to ascertain how much the parapets
should be raised to obtain cover, are called defilade.
Defilade (defila-d), v. Forté [f. Dermane
sé,; answering to mod.F, défiler, DeriLe v8) To
arrange the plan and profile of fortifications, so
that their lines shall be protected from enfilading
fire, and the interior of the works from plunging
or reverse fire (Stocqueler AU?. Encyc/.). Hence
Defila'ding w4/. sd.
1828 J. M. Sreanman Brit, Gunner ~ 2) 217 When
a work is commanded by a height in front, the interior
must be defiladed by elevating the parapet to such a height,
that a line of fire from. .the hill, .may be every where at least
eight feet above the terre-plein of the work, /4éd¢, 218 When
a work is commanded in reverse, the parapet or traverse
must be high enough to defilade the defenders of the ban-
aette opposite the height. 1830 E. S. N. Camrsent Dict.
Mil, Se. sv. Defilement, The operation .. called Defile-
ment, or Defilading, is of two kinds, in altitude and in
direction, 1851 J.S. Macautay Field Fertif, 297 Proof that
the detilading operations have been incorrectly executed,
Defile (df foil, d/fai-l), 56.1 Formerly 7-9 defilé,
8 defilee. [a. F. déf/é (17th c.), ppl. sb. from
défiler to Devries v2: the final -¢ was formerly
often made -e¢ in Eng., but being generally written
¢ without accent, has come to be treated as ¢ mute,
the word being identified in form with DEFILE et
1. AGI. A narrow way or rage along whic
troops can march only by files or with a narrow
tront; es. (and in ordinary use) a narrow pass or
gorge between mountains.
a. defild, defilee.
1685 Lond. Gaz. No. 2064/2 They repassed the Defilés on
the side of the Moras. 1698 T. Frocer } ey, 62 They are
surrounded with high Mountains; so that one cannot enter,
or go out, but thro’ a Deféé or narrow Passage. p01 Loma.
Gaz. No. 3723/2 In a Detilee between a great Moras and the
River Adige. 1720 Ozets Vertot’s Rom, Rep. UL. xiv. 340
He was seized in the Defilees of those Mountains. 1796-7
Instr. & Neg. Cavalry (1813) 259 The Regiment. passes
a defilé, and forms in line of divisions. 1830 E.S. N. Camr-
wece Dict, Mil, Sc, Defilé,
B. defile,
1686 Lond, Gaz. No, 2161/1 A Valley, to which there was
ho passage but by a very narrow Defile. 1719 De For
Crusoe 1. xx. 353 A long narrow Defile or Lane, which we
were to pass to get through the Wood. 1776 Ginson Deed.
& #1. xiv. 437 Constantine had taken post in a defile about
half a mile in breadth, between a steep hill and a deep
morass. 1818 Byron Ch. /far, tv. lxii, By Thrasimene’s
lake, in the defiles Fatal to Roman rashness. 1860 TyxpaLt
Glac. \. xx, 139 [The glacier] squeezes itself through the
narrow defile at the base of the Riffelhorn.
2. The act of defiling, a march by files. (Also
as Fr., aéfilé.)
1835 in H. Greville Diary 65 (Stanf.) In the Place Ven-
ddme, where the Kir placed hineatt os the aéflé of the
t 3880 C. E. Norton Chtercvdduild. Mid. Ages m1.
roo She watched the defile t h her narrow and em-
battled streets of band after band of the envoys.
Deficle, 8.2 Fort rare. [f. Derme v.35)
The act of defilading a fortress.
1864 in Weasrer.
Defile (dfirl), vt Also 5-6 defyle. [An
altered form of defoul, defotl, by association with
Fits v Derovt, orig. a. OF. defowder ‘to trample
down, oppress, outrage, violate’, had, by the 14th
©, come to be associated with the Eng. adj. fou,
and, in accordance with this, to be used in the
sense ‘ pollute’; in this sense Eng. had already the
native verbs defo and defile, also fow! and Ale (the
— a —— deriv, of OE, fiiZ, foul);
the example of these synonymous pairs appears
to have led to the similar use of defile beside afoul.
What share, if any, the variant dé/oé? had in the
process does not appear.)
+1. fans. To bruise, maul: ef. Derout v. Oéds.
© 1400 Kone. Rose (C) 7317 Men ne may... Tearen the wolfe
out of his hide, Till he be slaine backe and side, Though
men him beat and all defile [Fr. ¥a tant n° iert daius ne
torchies, Rime ‘beguile ").
2. To render (materially) foul, filthy, or dirty;
to pollute, dirty; to destroy the purity, cleanness,
er clearness of.
136
shuldest thou dyppe me in y® myre, & myne owne clothes
thulde dotsia me. wisp Lavan 0 Serm, bef. Edw, VI
Arb.) 16: evyll ie that defiles Sans
. in li 1
Pyer ig. Lett. Ser. 1 1
bottom, w troubles defiles them, 1887 STEVENSON
1, xxx, 63 While I defile the dinner plate.
Jig. 1885 Prescorr Philip //, 1. u. iii. 182 The stain of
sig longer defiled the hem of her garment.
8. To render morally foul or polluted ; to destroy
the ideal panty of; to ay taint, sully.
e13ag (see Deriten). cxqgo Pol. Kel. & L. Poents (1866) 104
lam. .defyled with syne. Carcrave Chron. 63 Domician
.. was. . in his last 3eres al defiled wit3 vices, 1526-34 TinpaLe
Mark vii.15 Thoo thinges which procede out of him are those
which defyle the man. 1585 7'ract in St Ecel. Mem. U1.
App. xliv. 126 Oh! miserable England, defiled with bloud
by the Pope’s sword! 16, . Srinuincrieet (J.), God requires
rather that we should die than defile ourselves with im-
nieties. 1747 Buren Serm, Wks. 1874 II, 302 Christianity,
ree from the superstitions with which it is defiled in other
countries. 1875 Jowrrr Plato (ed. 2) V. 167 The best things
in human life are liable to be defiled and perverted.
+4. To violate the chastity of, to deflower; to
debauch. O6s, Cf. DEFouL 4.
ay Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 5 She wold not be defy-
lyde With spot or wem of man. 1§30 Pasar, 509/2, I defyle,
ravysshe a mayden of her maydenheed, Ye wiole..God
defende that I sholde defyle her, and she a ma den, 1556
Aurelio & Isad. (1608) Hj, She that .. hathe lever to dey
than to be defilede, 1611 Bintx Gen. xxxiv. 2 Shechem the
son of Hamor .. tooke her, and lay with her, and defiled
her. 1718 Prior Sodomon in, 453 The husband murder'd,
and the wife defil’d. 1769 Buackstone Come, iv. 208 It
must. .appear, that she was afterwards married, or defiled.
5. To violate the sacredness or sanctity of; to
desecrate, profane.
ICf. ¢ 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 335 And pat bis haly
place be fyled.) ?axgoo Wycli/'s Wycket (1828) 2 The
armes of hyme shall stonde, and shall defyle the sanctuarye.
1535 CoveRDALE 2 Chrow. \xxvi. 14 (They) dyfyled the
house of the Lorde. — 1611 Dinix Ned, xiii. 29 The y have
defiled the priesthood. 1683 Burnet tr. More's Utopia
(1684) 144 Those that defile the Marriage-Bed.
b. To render ceremonially unclean.
1535 Coverpae Lev. xi. 44 Ye shal not defyle youre
selues on eny maner of crepynge beest. 1611 Bite Lev.
xxii. 8 That which dieth of it selfe..hee shall not eate to
defile himselfe therewith. — YoA xviii. 28 They themselves
went not into the ludgement hall, lest they should be defiled.
188a F. M. Crawrorp Mr, /saacs i, It is a criminal offence. .
for a non-Hindu person to defile the food of even the lowest
caste man,
+ 6. To sully the honour of, to dishonour. Ods.
18: J. Beut Madden's Answ. Oser. 29 b, This foule
mouthed Gentleman depraveth and defileth the death of
that godly man. 1g90 Suaks. Afids, NV. ui. ii, 410 Come,
recreant .. le whip thee with a rod. He is defil’d That
drawes a sword on thee. — Swirt Let. Sacram. Test,
However his character may be defiled by such mean and
dirty hands.
+7. adsol. To cause defilement or filth ; to drop
excrement. Oés.
1347 Boorne Aree. Health 4 Asses and moyles dyd defyle
within the ne ynet of the churche. 1 Suaxs.1 Hen. LV,
un. iv. 456 This Pitch (as ancient Writers doe report) doth
defile ; so doth the companie thou keepest.
+8. intr. To become foul or unclean. Oéds.
1673 J. Carvi. Nat. § Princ. Love 79 If you do not daily
sweep your houses they will defile.
Defile (fail), 7.2 AL. [a. F. défiler (1648 in
Hatzf.), f. De- 1. 6+ Ale sb., yt |
1. éntr. To march ina line or by files ; to file off.
Also trans/.
170s A. R. Accomp. Officer vii. go Lest the Army being too
long Defiling sh 7) be defe fy’ Sy it can
form its Lines. 73a Lepiarp Se? Il. x. 303 He began
by making the t defile, 1812 A.raminer ot Aug. 2
T a division .. dafied om the right. 1857 H. Mi t.
Rocks ii, 111 That long procession of being which. .is still
defiling across the stage.
2. trans. To traverse by files. ? Ods.
1761-2 Hume Hist, Exg. (1806) IV. lvi. 293 He briskly
attacked them, as they were defiling a lane.
Defile, v.38 Fortif. rare. [a. F. défiler (14th.
desfilher to unthread, in Hatzf.), f. dé, De- 1. 6 +
radical part of enfiler ( =désenfiler): see ENFILE,
Enritaps.] = DEFILADE 2,
1864 in Weuster, and in later Dicts.
Defiled (<itat‘d), pila. [f. Dertie v.14-Ep.]
Polluted, sullied.
Ma
Car. 154 To tear out the page of the past.
fiw Ww
tenon H'ks, I. i defilednesse
Ph yam ben aen ed -
Roasrs NV
obs. EFILE
Defilement ! (d/filmént). [f. Dare 2.1 +
ee act of defiling, the fact or state of
‘Audi slit, I11. cxxxii, 97. Those sources of ceremonial
.b, An instance of this; concer. anything that
w.
lements. Hr. Martineau Farrersii.
himself from neti of the counter. aye Ee P|
Jan., The defilements in water which are most fatal to man.
Defi‘lement ?. 7ortif. [a. mod.F. défilement
(1785 in Hatzf.), f. défiler: see DeFiLe v.83] The
act or operation of yng a
1816 in James Milit. Dict. J. M. Srrarman Brit.
Gunner (ed. 2) 218 The banquettes and terre-pleins of ram-
parts that are commanded, should be formed in planes
parallel to the of defilement of the crest of the parapet.
E. S. N. Campsete Dict. Mil. = 51 on cpeesion
Defilement, or Defilading, is of two s, in altit
and in direction..Defilement in Altitude is performed by
ising the inki leine, or constructing
a Ss Ls
Traverses, 8
Defiler (d/foi'lo1). [f. Derizev.1+-zr.] One
who defiles; also fig. of things.
1546 Bate Eng. Votaries u. (R.), As a defyler of relygion
polluter of their holye ceremonyes. 1580 HoLLysanp
Treas. Fr. Tong, Corrompeur de femmes ou de filles,
a defiler of women, a deflourer of maydes. 1607 Suaks.
Timon ww. iii, 383 Thou bright defiler Of Himens purest
bed. a@1719 Appison (J.), I Shall hold forth in my arms my
much wronged child, and call aloud for vengeance on her
defiler, 1882 SpuRGEON 77eas, Dav. Ps. cxix. 9 The world,
the flesh, and the devil, that trinity of defilers.
‘tion. nonce-wd. [f. De- I. 1 + L.
fili-us son, fili-a daughter + -aTION, after affilia-
tion.) Deprivation of a son.
1822 Lama Elia Ser. 1. Praise Chimney-Sw., The recovery
of the young Montagu [may] be but a soli instance
of g fortune out of many irreparabl hopel
defiliations, :
i (difailin), vd/. sb. [f. DEFILE vl +
-ING 1] e action of DEFILE v.!; defilement.
1585 Anr. Sanpys Serwe. (1841) 67 We need not their after-
cleansings, which in truth are defilings. 1586 J. Hooker
Girald. Irel. in Holinshed 1. 140/2 Indignation for this
defiling of his holie sanctuarie. 1846 Keste Lyra /nnoc.
(1873) 38 Washed from the world and sin’s defiling.
Defiling, #//. a. [-1xc2] That defiles.
Hence Defi‘lingly adv.
x Mona Cairn Wing of Asrael 1. ix. 149 It clung to
kar eaten, as some slimy sea-weed clings.
Definability (d/faienabi'liti), [f. next + -1Ty.]
The quality of being definable.
1865 Pusey Ziren. Many .. profound theologians. .
have impugned its Sper arden g J. Grote Zxam.
Utilit. Patios. vii. (1870) 131 legal definability of it.
Definable (d/fai-nab’l), a2. [f Dering v. +
| -ABLE.] Capable of being d
@ 1660 Hammonp Wes. I. 291 (R.) Great —
opportunities, not defineable 3 Drvpex
Relig. Laici Pref. (Globe) 186 As if infinite were definable,
or infinity a subject for our di ding.
Cartyte Heroes (1858) ed
form of Christianity.
apart from all the definable interests of her life.
F. Haut in Nation LVI. 45/2 Theordinary predicate,
5-6 diffine, dyffyne,
E., a. Anglo-F. and OF, define-r to
| end, terminate, determine = Pr. definar; a Romanic
> ,
lel form to L. agfinire to end,
und (f. Dr- I. 3 +/tire to end, Frxtsn), whence
It. definire, Sp. definir, Pr. and OF. defenir, de-
ir. Definer, the common form in OF., is the
Picard, but has superseded in F. by définir,
with of transferred Wath F L. dé
Sinire. mod. also define is in sense the
Pre
ite
;
ef
it
‘i
i
2
i
é
5
32
& Ff
or om
DEFINE.
2. To determine the boundary or spatial extent
of; to settle the limits of. Also fig.
b. To make definite in outline or form. (See
also DEFINED.)
grea te Btedlige 1 hel gb death worm -
restraining
4. To determine, lay down definitely; to fix,
decide ; +to decide upon, fix upon. *
3535 Stewart Cron. Scot. 11. 120 All the lordis for that
ive to be inthe king. x
Misc. Wks. (x814) IIL. s10 The situation, ie
of the estate cannot now be exactly
defined. e17nt Iid. L 18 Two or thece seuss were looncly
defined for term of my absence. 1867 E. Quixcy Life 7.
280 He ‘ defined his position’, to use a later political
very clearly. 5
+b. intr. To determine, decide. Obs.
©1374 Cuaucer Troylus wv. 362 Forthi I thus defyne age
truste no wight to in oso 3 properte
1g02 Hoccieve Letter of Cupid 46
Fee oe oan _see Hace : we yow ae
of conscience. 1612
The vniust Indge..when
Const. with 067. clause or simple 067.) Obs.
sa ed awe gle se
| perdition in you. 1867 Eng. Leadcr 15 J
To make (a thing)
give a character to, characterize ;
to constitute the definition of.
Sage Marton Teexre Kings (sts en Beg nwtady coer
su10m Tenure Kings (1650) ss Bei y i
ofall things that define aa i . 1875 & Drez
ao z
a magistrate,
ge besasimayl gad pool sos pegs singh
special marks or characteristics (from). rare.
-8 W. levinc Sal/mag. xii. (1860) 20 By this is defin'd
refinement and mind.
The from the man of Mvr-
cuison Silur. Syst. xxxiv. 456 It is dificult to the
subsoil of Silurian c that of the Old Red Sandstone.
Defined (d/fsind), gf/. a. [f. prec. + -Ep.]
Having a definite outline or form; clearly marked.
Also fig.
@ 1727 Newton (J.), When the rings appeared only black
and white, they were very distinct and well defined. 1849
Mus. Somervitte Connect. Phys. Sc. xxxvii 436 The central
matter is so vivid and so sharply defined that the nebula
might be taken for a bright star. 1852 H. Rocers Ecl. Faith
(1853) 125 His [man’s] animal nature is more defined than
his intellectual.
Hence Defi‘nedly adv.
w8ax Scorr Kenilw. xxiii, Definedly visible against the
pure azure blue of the summer sky.
mt (d/fsinmént). rare. [a. obs. F.
définement (1611 in Cotgr.),in OF. de-, def-, diffine-
ment (see Godef.) termination, end, f. OF. definer :
see DEFINE v.]
L Definition, description.
t602 Suaxs. Ham. v. ii. 117 Sir, his definement suffers no
ition i une 326 Define-
| ment is always by the contrary. Everything is defined Ly
for ought I kan espie Ther is no verray wele
its contrary: night by day, dark by light.
+2. Limitation, restriction. Oés.
| Hextom Treat. Monarchy 1. ii. 16 This Legall Alley
Pray bedalcoed of Power. 1644 — Vind. Treat. Monarchy
i
v. 27 A Civill and Legall definement of Authority.
Definer (difins:). [f. Derise v. + -ER1.]
One who or that which defines.
189 Putrennam Eng. Poesie mi. xix. (Arb.) 239 margin,
Orismus, or the Definer of difference. 1645 Mutox Colas’.
(1851) 347 Yee see already what a faithful! definer wee have
him. 1779-81 Jouwsox L. P., Pope Wks. IV. 127 To cir-
cumscribe poetry by a definition will only shew the narrow-
ness of the definer. 1847 Emenson Aefr. Men, Uses Gt. Men
Wks, (Bohn) I. 278 A definer and map-maker of the latitudes
and longitudes of our condition.
i (dffai-nin), vol. sb. [-1sc1.] The
action of the verb Derine; definition.
384 Emerson Regr.
Men, Plato Wks. (Bohn) I. 292 This dee is paacnehy.
A Eliz. Persons being Bankrupt P
ea ddies siecae Voy.m. prt ay op mos Defining, #//.c. [-1c*.] That defines.
such men define upon other regions. .whether were | _ 1773 J. Ross Fratricide 1. 17 (MS_) Defining ears, which
inhabited or idolize The dignifying climax of thy verse. 1885 Athenzum
6. To state exactly what (a thing) is; to set forth | 4Apr- 441/2 The various defining spheres.
or i essential nature of. (In early nde: | _tDefi-nish,v. Obs.rarc. In 4 diffinisse,-issh.
To state the nature or ies of, to describe.) [ad. OF. acfiniss-, diffiniss-, lengthened stem of
©3374 Cuavcer Troylus v.271 Swych awo my witkan not | définir: see Dertsze.] trans. To define.
ne. 1433 ilgr. Sowle v. i. (1859) 72 The beaute ©1374 Cuavcer Bocth. m. x. 82 pilke goode pat pou hast
the beter Kaowe tow the courte I wyl descryue snd mad orig sb.) Also 6 diffynite,
it to the. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 6b, | 7 definit. L. afinit-us defined, bounded,
it is, Saynt Bernarde a cor dis- | limited, distimct, precise, pa. pple. of dfinire:
cubynge it in this wyse. xg55 Epex Decades Pref.(Arb.)49 see DErINE. Cf. obs. F. définit, -ite (1504 in
Cicero defineth = 6 ae alee ak gee Godef.). sf =e
fective ne sand i gives imiteand bounds j Per rio igre phan limits ; clearly defined,
= intellect. Whig Exam. terminate, , certain; exact, ise. (Of
No. 4 Pr fadibras has defined nonsense (as Cowley docs material, or, more commonly, immaterial things.)
is God’s working. x69: T. H[ate] Acc. New [event. 122
Fe eg Qos many ae eaehM
solna :
ponte Git sangre pect -figpheeetnans spel ag
nite time. 1823 Lams Zita Ser. u. Confess. Drunkard,
Those uneasy sensations .. worse to bear than any definite
Painsoraches. 1859 Dickens Left. (1880) IL. 85,1 must give
some decided and defini 3860 Trxpait Glac. 1.
xxiv. 174 A definite in many places to be
traced. 1874 Gazen Short Hist. v. § 4. 238 Even this class
i
E
SE
ie
Uy
; = ee See oe
(2622) definite as was in set
DEFINITION.
3727-51 in Cuameers Cycl. 1765 W. Wann Grammar 1.
xxii 103 ‘ The’ is called the definite article. bid. 1v. ii. 152
The verb in this character [Le infinitive) may be ..
a nominative case, on which a definite verb depen
L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. =) 1.68 The is called t
nite article; because it ascertains what particular t
things are meant: as, ‘Give me the book’. 1855
Hindistant Gram. (12) 1% Arabic nc fi
the definite article .. of the language
R. Morzis Chaucer's Prol., etc. (Clar.
33 Adjectives, like the modern Germa
Definite and Indefinite. ‘J jefini
definite arti a demon
pronoun, terminates in ¥ in all
3. Bot. a. Said of inflorescence hay
tral axis terminated in a flower-bud w
first, those on the lateral branches fol
succession: also called centrifugal or rminate,
b. Of stamens or other parts of the flower: Of a
constant number not exceedi
_ 1845 Lixpiey . Bo I
is to say, ous. Tt
Gram.: ta. A definite tens
noting a definite thing or object.
p = :
S
<>
Definitely 4
In a definite manner ;
man Norm. Con:
Normandy and Eri
Definiteness —
quality of being def
1727 Bairey vol
1837-9 Haiism
tion, which numerical
Jowett Pilato ed. 2) V. From
in their language they do a great deal 3
Definition (defini-fen). F a. 4-6 diffi-
nicioun, etc. (with usual interchange of andy,
5-6 -tion, etc, 6 Sr. -tioun; &. =5 defi-, 6
defynicion‘e, 6- definition. [a. OF. a: é
aiffinicion (also definison), ad. L.
also in MSS. df-), n. of action ire:
see Derixe. Cf. Pr. diff-, definmicio, Sp. deyinicion,
It. difinizione.]
+1 The setting of bounds or limits ; limitation,
restriction. Ods. rare.
question at issue; determination, decision ;
c use.
1851) 268 Definition is that which
of things from the circumstance
WL iL § 10 Definition being nothing
d Words, what Idea the
r
DEFINITIONAL.
expounds all the marks implied in the notion, _ so
to us the nature or specific character of it.
— § 69. 111, 1885 W. i. Daventon Laat: f Detain
It is the object of Definiti to
ae wey body romeo er a thing; ps gt 3 definition
is the formal What is it?’
4. A precise datocant of the essential nature of
a thing; a statement or form of words by which
anything is defined.
1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. x1x. cxvi. (+495) 920 Some
thynges haue but one dyffynycyon. ¢ 1450 tr. Imitatione
1.i. 2, I desire more to knowe compunccion pen his diffinycion.
1551 "T, Witson Logike 14 A definition of the substaunce is
a speach which sheweth ~ very nature of the thing. 157%
Dicces Pantom.u. v. M ij oh arora he . there are fiue
sortes, as appeereth in t > Diffinitions. 1633 MaAssincer
Guardian vy. iv, His victories but royal robberies, And his
true definition—A Thief. 1710 Steete 7atler No. 62 P 14
de riety of Words and Thoughts, which is Mr. Dryden's
nition of Wit. 1758 Jonnson /dler No. 1? 4 It has been
Sant hard to i ostie 4 man by an adequate definition, 1842
Grove Corr. Phys. Forces 75, The old definition of force
was, that which caused change in motion. 1864 Bowen Logic
94 A Definition consists primarily of two parts, the Proximate
Genus and the Specific Difference of the Concept defined.
b. A declaration or formal explanation of the
signification of a word or phrase. [Not recognized
by Johnson. ]
2a1s00 Wyclif’s Wycket Sub-Title, A verye brefe diffinition
of these wordes, Hoc est corpus meum., 1551 T. WILSON
Logike 14 A definition of a word is any maner of declaration
ofa word. 1724 Watts Logic 1. vi. §2 A definition of the
name being only a declaration in what sense the word is |
used, or what idea or object we mean by it.
1755 JOHNSON ©
Pref. to Dict., As nothing can be proved but by supposing |
something intuitively known, and evident without proof, so
nothing can be goto but by the use of words too plain to
admit a definition. 1791 BoswELt Yohnson an. 1755 (1887)
I, 293 The definitions have always appeared to me such .
as indicate a genius of the highest rank. ..
definitions must be admitted to be erroneous. 1885 W. L.
Davipson Logic of Definition 87 No [dictionary] definition
of ‘Gold’ will be sufficient that does not contain a reference
to its colour, which supplies us with the distinct meaning
olden’.
‘&. The action of making definite ; the condition
of being made, or of being definite, in visual form
or outline; distinctness ; sfec. the defining power
of a lens or optical instrument, i.e. its capacity to
render an object or image distinct to the eye.
1859 Reeve Brittany 137 We were content ..
the artistic definition of the trees. 1860 TyNDALL Glac. 1.
xvili. 125 The stratification..was shown with great beauty
and definition. 1878 Newcoms oly 6 Astron, U. i. 138 The
definition of this telescope is very fine.
b. gen. Definiteness, precision, exactitude. rare.
1866 ArcyLt Reign Law i. (ed. 4) 8 A fallacy is getting
hold upon us from a want of definition in the use of terms.
6. Comd.
1856 R. A. VauGHan Mystics (1860) 1, 209 Alas, for our | the pronominal articles, such as //is, that, any, &c. ¥
poor definition-cutter, with his logical scissors !
Defini‘tional, ¢. rare. [f. prec.+-au.] Of,
pecan to, or of the nature of a definition.
Atheneum 11 Sept. 329 The definitional rule j be
ciously laid down by Mr. Hazlitt, that a proverb should
a figurative sense, an inner sense or an approximate pe
Definitive (d/f-nitiv),z.and sé. Forms: 4-6
diffinityf, -inytif, -ynytif(e, 5 defynytyfe, de-
fenytyffe, 6 dyffinatyue, definytiue, 6- -
nitive, 7 definative, 6- definitive. [a. OF. d-
Jjinitif, diffinitif, -ive (12th c.), ad. L. dé-, diffini-
tiv-us, f. ppl. stem of définire : see DEFINITE.]
A. adj. Having the function of defining, or of
being definite.
1. Having the function of finally deciding or
settling ; decisive, determinative, conclusive, final :
esp. in definitive sentence, and the like.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Doctor's T, 172 The aye answerd —
in his absence I may not 3iue diffinityf sentence.
Caxton Chesse m1. vi. Hvb, The theef was. .taken. aaa
sentence diffynytif was hanged. 1523 Lp. Berners Frets:
I. xxiv. “3 It was the acre = ay folowyng, or [=ere]
they had aunswere dyffinat atl Sruspes Anat, Abus.
11. (1882) 106 Maye at 2 a fadges, geue definytiue
sentence of lyfe and m malefactors, x60r R.
Jounson Kingd. § ree * 3) 57 Upon hearing of both
—_— judgment definative is given, and may not be
aled. 1688 Answ. Talon's Plea 3 Barely to say with
efinitive Gravity, Here’s a great abuse. 1748 RicHarpson
Clavisia (x811) I. 11 Expecting a definitive answer. x
— Corr. (1805) I, 84 The definitive treaty is now geet
1855 Macautay H7st. Eng. IV. 527 A jury had pronounced :
the verdict was definitive.
+b. ¢ransf. of persons. Obs.
Suaks. Meas. for M.v. i. 432 Neuer craue him, we are
definitiue..Away with him to deat! Futter Holy
War IV. Vv. (1647) 176 a rather to be icall then
einth 1741 RICHARDSON
Pamela (1824) 1. 104, t oan cake you .. my adviser in this
matter, though not, perhaps, my definitive ndge.
ce. That settles or determines bounds or limits.
1860 J. P. Kennepy IW. Wirt I. xiii, 164 [This] point of
bec should lead to a just and definitive limitation of the
. y Having the character of finali uct ;
determinate, definite, fixed and ot Biol.
opposed to formative or primitive, as definitive
organs, definitive aorta.
@ 1639 Worron (J.), [It] tit Meme the definitive sum of
this art, to distribute usefu! pipe gracefully a well chosen
plot. 1646 Sir T, Browne Psend, Ep. . vi, Other Authors
A few of his
to sacrifice |
: 138
write often dubiously, even in
a strict and definitive truth, 1821 J.Q. piece y oan
Metr. Syst. 1. (1871) S74 390) temporary system established
by the law of 1st August, 1 ee 1791866 Daily
established by the law of roth
Fs 2. 30 Oct. Some days will probal Day we
hail be able ase Be a defini lefinitive prota pe
ae
DEFLAGRATION.
“1648 Gace West Ind. iti. (1655) 7 vee Provinciall
Chapter ae , then .. is there one named by name of
inloos, who Is So Sata tee Remes-al she
whole Provin Chr it 1/t SF hay
Detnitor of hie Ord Order. M rac ai ea
Pop. Astron. m1. v. 399 A definitive orbit of the comet,
Rotieston & Jackson Forms aA Animal Life 803 The
primitive ovum divides; one of the cells thus produced
grows into the definitive ovum.
+8. Metaph. Having a definite position, but not
occupying space: opposed to civcumscriptive. Obs.
ii 1624 see DertNitIvELy 2.] 1657 Hosses Absurd
Geom, Wks. VII. 385 Definitive or circumscriptive, and
some other of your distinctions..are but snares. 1665
Gianvitt Sceps. Sci. xiii. 73 Who is it that retains not a
reat part of the imposture, by allowing them a definitive
Ui which is still but Imagination?
That makes or deals with definite statements.
a Bee Foruersy A theom. u. ix. § 2 (1622) 296 Plutarch is
more definitiue, and punctuall, in this point. 1862 Zi¢.
Churchman VII1. 6/1 We should be glad to see more de-
finitive teaching on the nature of Church Communion.
5. That serves to define or state exactly what a
thing is; that specifies the individual referred to;
esp. in Gram. (Formerly used of the DEFINITE
article, and of the Frn1tTE verb.)
1731 Baitey vol. II, sv. Article, Definitive Article, the
article (¢he) so called, as fixing the sense of the word it is put
before to one individual thing. 1765 W. Warp Gram, iv.
iv. 164 Of the verb definitive. 1800 W. Taytor in Monthly
Mag. VIII. 797, To preserve a name of sect, which ought to
be simply definitive, from slidin ng into a term of reproach.
1824 L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) I. 231 When a noun of
multitude is preceded by a definitive word, which clearly
limits the sense to an aggregate with an idea of unity, it
requires a verb... in the Singular number : as, ‘A company
of troops was detached’. 1854 Exticott Galat. 87 The
definitive force of the article. :
6. Concerned with the definition of form or out-
line. rare.
1815 W. Tayor in Monthly Rev. LXXVI. 115 The line-
less delicate contours of youth and bloom embarrass the
—* skill even ofa Correggio.
B. sé. (the adj. used e//27.)
+1. A definitive sentence, judgement, or pro-
nouncement. Oés.
Hussocke A fol. /nfants Unbapt. 11 Is there no par-
don from this general damnatorie sentence and cruell de-
finitiue? 1660 R. Coxe Power § Subj. 134 Judgment is
the definitive of him who by right commands, ‘_= or
forbids a thing. 1804 te oft Mag. in Spirit Pub. Frais.
(1805) VIII. 135 In spite of the Definitive, we shall have
another battle of the
2. Gram. A definitive ‘word.
1751 Harris Hermes (1841) 17 Definitives. .are commonly
called by grammarians, ‘articles,’ articuli, dp@pa. They
| are of two kinds, either those properly . . 80 called, or ae
H. Tooke Purley 1. 20 About the time of Aristotle, when
a fourth part of speech was added, Pit definitive, or article.
1824 L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) 1. 71 As articles are b
their nature definitives .. they cannot united with suc
words as are .. as definite as they may be; (the personal
pronouns for instance).
Definitively (d/frnitivli), adv. [f. prec. +
-LY 2.) In a definitive manner.
1. So as to decide or settle the matter ; decisively,
conclusively, finally, definitely.
1 3 Act 24 Hen. VIII, c. 12 § 2 All causes testamen-
tarie .. shall be .. finall Ryn and Lori mr el adiudged and
determined within the Kynges jurisdiction. 1639 GeNTILIs
Servita’s Inguis, xxxvi. (1676) 833 Contumacious Persons
shall be banished, either definitively, or for a - 1659
Mitton Civil Power in Eccl. Causes Wks. (1847) 415/1
man, no synod, no session. -can judge definitiv oe e sense
of Scripture to another man’s conscience. 1 Hanway
Trav, (1762) I, 11. xlii. 198, I desired he would tell me defi-
nitively what number of men he would eS - for a guard.
1856 Froupe /7ist, Eng. (1858) 1. ii. 132 ‘definitivel
breaking the Spanish alliance, formed a camace with Francis I.
1871 Biackie Four Phases i. 55 To settle definitively that
much-vexed question,
+2. Aetaph. So as to have a definite position,
but not take up space : see prec. 3. Obs.
1529 More Pala u. Wks. 188/1 Though thei be not
ibed in -yet are thei and angels also diffini-
tively so placed leer" thei be for the time. 1624 De Lawne
tr, Du Moulin's Logick27 The Philosophers. .say that Bodies
are in a place circumscriptively, and Soules definitively ;
because les are not limited or circumscribed by p!
and yet a man may say .. that they are here, or there,
not els-where. 1711 tr. Werenfels’ Dise. Logom. 96.
Defi-nitiveness. [-nxss.] The quality of
= definitive ; determinativeness, decisiveness.
Z ee yt i, ie outhey fn” “thoroughly En ich
however, Mi Fecizk of
= a convictions. | Poste Gain boy Comm, Fes} 2)
361 The
Derfinitize, v. rare. [f. 1 Dasma a. + -IZE.)
trans, To make definite.
1876 A. M. Farrsatrn in Pace phiny ao Sa Rev, June 8B Dlnck
Church. .definitized and
‘et then regia reer Be ad
sat, Se ; Nov. 632 The ‘
Definitor (definsitd:). Also 7 diffinitor
[a. L. définitor, agent-n. from dzfinire to DEFINE.)
1. An officer of the chapter in certain monastic
orders, ch with the F definition ” or decision
of points of discipline.
i. 194 The : saint ele a keneral
Narbonne, and in concert with the rene
form to the old Constitutions. 1867 R. PALMEn J ve ey P.
—- 15 co At gl wal oakiente is governed by
+ 2. A kind of surveying instrument: see quots.
1664 Evetyn tr. Freart’s Archit. 153 This whole Instru-
ment.. of Horizon, Ruler, and Plummet we shall
call our Definitor. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. $97 The
instrument will shew the situation, distance from the center,
and depression of any given point..below the plane of the
dial..which instrument Is a Definitor.
Definitude (difinitind). [f. L. définit-us,
DerinitE, after znfinttude, multitude; see -TUVE.]
The qua! “4 of being definite; definiteness, precision.
1836 Sir Hamitton Study’ Math. Discuss. (1852) 275
Destitute of the light and definitude of mathematical repre-
sentations. 1862 Laruam Channel /si. mi. xiv. (ed. 2) 332
Results of remarkable precision and definitude. 1875 Verrcu
ess ee 66 There would be no definitude of leaf or
“t “Defix (difrks), v. Ods. [f. L. défix-, ppl.
stem of défigére to fasten down, f. Dr- I. 1 + figere
to Frx, fasten, The early example of the pa. pple.
appears to have been formed immed. after L.
defix-us, with Eng. bse ra
trans. To fasten down; to fix firmly, definitely,
or earnestly (/i#, and fig.
1432-50 tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 243 The spere of the mes-
sengere defixede in to the erthe schewede a prenosticacion
and as a begynnenge of fizhte. x: Haxvoyr Voy, 1. 1.
= R.) They were constrained to defxe their princely seate
habitation in that extreme 2 acpoooreape yf the mee Tl 1605
in Dove Confut. Atheism 16 The eyes of the people will be
defixed vpon them. 1664 H. More Afyst. /niz. 264 Those
Ten Horns answerable to the Beast with ten Horns in
Daniel. .seem to defix and determinate the Prophecy to that
sense. m7 J. Goopman Penit. Pard. u. shy 13) 146 When
a man .. defixes his thoughts, and sus; is determina-
tion till he see plain reason to incline him this way or that.
Hence + Defi-xed, defixt Af/. a.
1652 GAULE Magastrom. 280 With defixed eyes and dis-
tracted countenance. 1681 GLanviLt Sadducismus 116 In
intent and defixed thoughts upon some. . object.
+ Defixion (défikfon). Ods. [ad. late L. dé-
fixion-em, n. a action f. défigére to fasten down,
etc. (see r ec.).] Fixing, fastening.
1660 H. More Myst. Godl.1. ix. 29 By the defixion of our
Phansy upon what is most gross and sensible.
De bility. rare. [f. next:
Deflagrable quality, readiness to deflagrate.
a 1691 Boy.e HWks. 1. 362 (R.) The opinion of the ready
deflagrability (if I may so speak) of salt-petre.
Deflagrable (de‘fligrib’l), a. rare. [f. L.
déflagra-re to DEFLAGRATE + -BLE.]
a@x69r Bovte Wks. I. 538 (R.) More inflammable and
deflagrable.
De: te (deflagreit), v. Physics. [f. L. dé-
Jlagrat-, ppl. stem of dé ere to burn away,
burn up, consume, f. Dr- I. 3 +flagrare to burn.
1. trans. To cause to burn away with sudden
evolution of flame and rapid, sharp combustion
(e.g. a mixture of charcoal and nitre thrown into
a — crucible),
Battey vol. II, Def. ‘¢, to inkindle and burn off
Pty a cible a Mixture of Salt or some mineral Body with
a Sulphureous one. 1794 J. Hutton Philos. Light, de, 208
When coal = defla, The wart with nitre, 1876 S. Aens. Mus.
Catal, No. from this battery deflagrates
see -ITY.]
latinum a foot Laoag
“2. intr. To burst into flame and burn away
wings Pi
‘hil. Rt? XLVI. pag ery oe nor those of
heme io he will deflagrate or flash in Touch- , nor on
as true Nitre will do. 1794 G. Sols
Nae v4 Chan Philos. V1. xx. 376 Such a of
would cause the nitre to yo co Edin. Rev. ll.
25 Let a drop of water be eae
instantly deflagrates with a sbeprens ‘explosion, ARLEY
Mat. Med. 161 When thrown on the fire it di >
Hence De-flagrated, De‘flagrating ss adjs,
Amory Buncle (1 IV. Th en nitre
umes the sulphur CF ~ antimon 1788 ma ie Phil.
Givin: eflagrating quality to
paper soaked in this Toe.
Farapay £2. Res. xvi.
78 A black residuum is left. .which. .when heated. .is found
to — a. 183 Be ky Jones Convers. Chem, xxii.
tion (deflagra ‘fn. [ad. L. ms
gration-em, n. of action from dé, to
FLAGRATE. Cf. mod.F, déflagration.
+1. The rapid buming away of rates bg a de-
structive fire ; saree bya po Obs.
By Kine Serm. type of the deflagration of
Solves and Gomorre. So age eg tr. Charron’s Wisd.
Fog iv. vit, § 1 (1670) knees that greet, Getagrasion
n Constantinople. by ane Creed (1839) cA y sup-
poling innumerable d and di
juges
Sophocles Pref. to C&dipus (R.), Ti The" mothtan de vdis-
charges its torrent erhich . carry with them di
tion, ruin, and horror. 1811 PINKERTON Petral. 1s
Fifeshire .. a coal-mine has continued in a state of
ion, at least since the time of Buchanan, 1560. 1836-7
six W. Hamitton Lect. Metaph. (1877) 11. xxxix. 381
DEFLAGRATOR.
see..the fall of a spark on gence: for example, fol-
lowed by the deflagration of the gunpowder.
+b. Of a volcano: A blazing out into flame.
x Ray Creation 1. v. (1732) 259 The great Deflagrations
or Eruptions of Vulcanos. | : E
2. Physics. The action of deflagrating; rapid,
sharp combustion with sudden evolution of flame ;
esp. the sudden combustion of a substance for the
purpose of peomncee some change in its com-
position by the joint action of heat and oxygen (cf.
quot. 1831); also, the sudden combustion and
oxidation of a metal by the electric spark.
1666 BoyLe Orig. Kormes & Qual., Nor were all its in-
flammable parts consum’d at one deflagration. 1674 Pil.
Trans. 1X. 102 The deflagration of Niter. 1706 Puituips
(ed. Kersey), Deflagration .. In Chymistry, the inkindling
and burning off in a Crucible a Mixture of a Salt or of some
Mineral Body with a Sulphureous one, in order to purify
the Salt, or to make a Regulus of the Mineral ; as in the
preparing of Sal Prunellz and Regulus of Antimony. 1754
Phil. Trans. XLVILL. 679 A violent deflagration arose, an
the platina was almost instantly dissolved. 1816 J. Smitu
Panorama Sc. & Art II. 282 Galvanic batteries .. the
larger the plates, the greater is their power of deflagration.
1831 T. P. Jones Convers. Chenz. xxii. 228 The metals are
sometimes oxidized by what is called deflagration. That
is, by mixing them with nitre, and projecting the mixture
into a red hot crucible.
Deflagrator (de'flagreito1), [agent-n. in L.
form, from déflagrare to DEFLAGRATE.] An in-
strument or apparatus for producing deflagration,
esp. a voltaic arrangement for the production of
intense heat.
1824 Loner. in Life (1891) I. v. 51 The galvanick heat
produced by Professor Hare’s deflagrator. 1827 WeEEKEs in
Mech. Mag. VII. 425 The Safety gas deflagrator, an oxyhy-
drogen omnes on an entirely new principle. 1876S. Aezs.
Mus. Catal. No. 1256 Hare’s Calorimotor, or Deflagrator.
Deflate (difizit), v. [f. L. dzfat-, ppl. stem
of déflare, to blow away, f. Dr- I. 2 + flare to
blow; but in mod. use the prefix is taken as Dx-
T. 1, down, or De- II. 1.] ¢vans. To release the
air from (anything inflated). Hence Defia‘tion.
“4 Strand Mag. 11. 498/1 Spencer proceeds to deflate
the balloon. 1892 Cycl. Tour. Club Gaz. Aug. 229 In case
of Wh ene the tyre is deflated. 1891 Pall Mall G. 6 Aug.
1/3 A new patent valve, possessing the long-desired means
for deflation as well as inflation.
Deflect (diflekt), v. [ad. L. dzflect-cre to bend
aside, or downwards; f. Dx- I. 1, 2 + flectére to
bend. I. trans.
1. To bend down. Cf. Der1EcreD 2.
1630 Lorp Banians 72 They pray with demissive eyelids. .
and with their knees deflected under them.
2. To bend or turn to one side or from a straight
line; to change the direction of; to cause to de-
viate from its course.
¢ 1630 Jackson Creed iv. v. Wks. III. 57 It would argue
no error sometimes to deflect our course. 1845 DarwIN
Voy. Nat. xxi. (1852) 491 The current seemed to be deflected
upward from the face of the cliff. 1860 TristrAM G2. Sahara
xvii, 287 The French .. will do all in their power to deflect
the stream of commerce to a more northerly channel. 1879
G. Prescorr Sp. Telephone 1 In 1820, Oersted discovered
that an electric current would deflect a magnetic needle.
b. Optics. To bend (a ray of light) from the
straight line ; esp. to bend away from a body.
1796 Broucuam in Phil. Trans, LXXXVI. 264 The
first knife deflected the images formed by the second, in
precisely the same degree that it inflected those images
which itself formed. 1811 A. T. THomson Lond. Disf.
(1818) p. xxxvii, When a ray of light moving in a straight
line s within a certain. distance of a body parallel to
its direction, it bends towards the body, or is iz/Zected 3 but
when the body parallel to its course is at a greater distance,
the ray is bent from it, or deflected. 1879 HaRLAN Eyesight
iii. 36 If we look at an object through a prism, the rays of
light coming from it are deflected.
3. fig. (in reference to a cotrse of action, conduct,
and the like).
1555 Harrsrietp Divorce Hen. VITI (1878) 66 To averte
and deflect him from this enterprise. 1620 SHELTON Quix.
1v. ix. II. 118 Let me cleave to the Supporter from whom
neither thy Importunity nor Threats. .could once deflect me.
1863 KincLake Crimea I, i. 7 The personal and family
motives which deflect the state policy of a prince who is his
own minister, 1878 Lecky Eng. in 18th C. II. ix. 540 The
evil of all attempts to deflect the judgment by hope or fear.
4. To turn or convert (a thing) /o something
different from its natural quality or use.
1613 Purcuas Pilgrimage vit. iii. (1614) 670 That Title of
Prestegian (easily deflected and altered to Priest John).
ax7ir Ken Hymns Evang, Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 109 How
God's All-wise Superintending Will To greatest Good de-
flected greatest ill.
II. zxtr.
5. To turn to one side or from a straight line; to
change its direction ; to deviate from its course.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. u. ii, At some parts of the
Azores it [the needle] deflecteth not, but lyeth in the true
meridian. 1696 Wuiston 71. Earth 1. (1722) 53 They seem
to deflect from that great Circle in which they before were
seen to move. 1726 tr. Gregory's Astron. 1. 155 The same
part of the Moon is turned towards the Earth, or at least
does not deflect much from it. 1879 R. H. Etrior Written
on Foreheads 11.6 Then deflecting a little to their right,
they got on a long ridge of grassy hill.
1612 i James Yesuits Downfall 59 Kings do deflect from
the Catholike Religion. 1646 Six ia Browne Pseud. Ep,
139
vi. x, Many creatures exposed to the ayre, deflect in ex-
tremity from their naturall colours, 1753-4 WARBURTON
Nat. & Rev. Relig, ii, The Mind .. can, every moment, de-
flect from the line of truth and reason. 1879 M. ArnoLp
Equality Mixed Ess. 81 The points where this type deflects
from the truly humane ideal.
Deflect (diflekt), p/.a. [f. as prec. after ppl.
forms in -ct, as evect.] | Deflected, bent aside.
1851 Mrs, Browninc Casa Guidi Windows 105 So swept
.. The marshalled thousands,—not an eye deflect To left or
right.
Deflected (déflektéd), ppl. a. [f. DErLxcr v.
+-ED.]
1. Tumed aside; bent to one side.
1860 Maury Phys. Geog. Sea xvi. 881 Monsoons are, for
the most part, trade-winds deflected. 1874 S. Cox Piler.
Ps. vi. 121 Walking in subtle and deflected paths,
2. Zool. and Bot. Bent or curved downwards ;
= DEFLEXED.
1828 WEBSTER, ps shesiese In botany, bending downward
archwise. 1854 Woopwarp Mollusca u. 165 Glandina..
eye-tentacles deflected at the tips, beyond the eyes. 1867
*, Francis Angling vi. (1880) 195 The wings..come up to
an angle. .as it is termed, they are deflected. fi
3. Philol. Used to translate F. fléchi, a term
proposed for the ‘strong’ grade in ablaut series.
1890 R. T. Exuiort tr. VY. Henry's Compar. Grant. § 41.47
We may distinguish three chief grades, the normal grade,
the weak or reduced grade, and the deflected grade (_//échi).
Tbid, 48 1.-E. types, *bhéydh (to trust), weak *bhidh, de-
flected “dhoydh. - Ec
Defle‘cting, v/. sb. [-1nc!.]_ The action of
the verb DEFLECT.
1623 CockERAm, Deftectings, turnings from good to bad.
Defle‘cting, f//. a. [-1nc2.] That deflects.
Deflecting magnet: a magnet used for deflecting a mag-
netic needle, as in a galvanometer.
1796 Broucuam in PAil. Trans. LXXXVI. ig Hed ray
moves in an ellipse by the inflecting, and an hyperbola
by the deflecting force. 1851-9 Sapine Man. Sci. Eng. 91
When the weather does not permit the manipulation of the
weights, deflecting magnets are substituted. 1857 WHEWELL
ine Jnduct. Sc. 11. 23 Gravity must act as a deflecting
force,
Deflection: see DrFLEXIon.
Deflective (diflektiv), a [f. Drriecr v. +
-IvE. (L, analogies would give deflexive.)] Hav-
ing the quality of deflecting.
1813 P. Bartow Math. Dict., eee Jorces. 1881
Lussock in Nature No. 618. 411 In 1819..Oersted had
discovered the deflective action of the current on the mag-
netic needle.
Deflectometer (d7flektymétar). [Sce -METER.]
(See quot.)
1874 Knicut Dict, Mech., Deflectometer, an instrument
for measuring the deflection of a rail by a weight in rapid
motion.
Deflector (diflektoz). [f. DEFLEect v. + -or
for -ER: the corresponding form on L. analogies is
deflexor.| An instrument or contrivance for de-
flecting ; e. g. (az) a deflecting magnet ; (4) a plate
or diaphragm for deflecting a current of air, gas,
etc.
1837 Brewster Magnet. 344 Dipping needle Deflector, for
measuring the Variation and Dip of the Needle. 1879
Tuomson & Tart Wat. Phil. I. 1. § 198 The ‘ Deflector’, an
adjustible magnet laid on the glass of the compass bowl
and used. .to discover the ‘semicircular’ error produced by
the ship’s iron, 1887 Pall Mall G. 4 June 12/1 These
sprinklers consist of a plate and a deflector .. The deflector
is for the purpose of breaking the column of water into
ated which falls in a dense shower over the flames.
t+ Defletion. Ots—° [ad. L. déflétion-em, n.
of action from déflére to weep over, bewail, f. DE-
I. 3 +/flere to weep.]
1656 Biount Glossogr., Defletion, a bewayling or be-
moaning.
Deflex (di‘fleks), a. [ad. L. deflex-us, pa. pple.
of déflectére to DEFLECT.] = DEFLEXED.
1794 Martyn Rousseau's Bot. xxvii. 420 In the common
Bee Orchis it [the lip of the nectary] consists of five lobes,
which are deflex or bent downwards.
Deflexed (diflekst), 4/. a. Zool.and Bot. [f.
prec.+-ED.] Bent downwards ; deflected.
1826 Kirsy & Sp. Entomol. xvii. (1828) 1V. 386 The
organs of flight are deflexed and do not lap over each other.
1845 Linpiey Sch. Bot. iv. (1858) 4x Stem rough with
deflexed bristles. 1871 Stavetey Brit. Jusects 127 Such
insects as have the wings, when at rest, deflexed—lying over
the body like a shelving roof. 1877-84 F. E. Hurme Wild
#1. p. vi, Pedicels bearing fruit deflexed. .
Deflexibi'lity. [f. next+-rry.] Capability
of being deflected.
1796 Broucuam in Phil. Trans. LXX XVI. 263 The in-
flexibilities of the rays are directly as their deflexibilities.
1805 Edin. Rev. V1. 25 He attempts to demonstrate some
connexion between the greater deflexibility and the less
reflexibility of the red rays,
flexible (difleksib’l), a. [f. L. déflex-us
(see DEFLEX) + -BLE.] Capable of being deflected.
+796 Broucuam in Phil, Trans. LXXXVI. 234 It is
ve that the most inflexible rays are also most de-
exible.
Deflexion, deflection (déflek{on). et a
déflexion-em, n. of action f. déflectére (ppl. stem
deflex-) to Dertxcr. Cf. mod.F; déflexion (Dict.
Acad. 1762, occurring also in 16th c. as déflection).
The non-etymological spelling deflection, now very
common, is taken from the present-stem deflect-,
DEFLEXURE.
associated with nouns of action from L. ppl. stem
in -ect-, as collection, dissection, etc.]
1. The action of bending down ; the condition of
being bent or curved ; also, a bend or curve (as a
result).
In Mech. The bending of any body under a transverse
strain; the amount of this. In £v¢o7. The state of being
bent downward, as the deflexion of the wings when folded ;
also, a deflected part or margin.
1665 Sir T. Hersert 7vav. (1677) 296 The Mahometans
signifie the same onely by a moderate deflexion of the head.
182 TREDGoLD Ess. Cast [von (1824) 73 When the weights
were removed, the piece retained a permanent deflexion.
1879 Cassell’s Techn, Educ. 1V. 276/2 The deflection of
m supporting a lateral weight.
2. The action of turning, or state of being turned,
away from a straight line or regular path; the
amount of such deviation; also, a turn or deviation
(as an effect or result).
1665 Phil. Trans. 1, 105 Of which deflection he ventures
to assign the cause. 1831 Brewster Newton (1855) I. xii.
292 In 1684.. Newton discovered that the moon’s deflexion
in a minute was sixteen feet, the same as that of bodies at
the earth’s surface. 1833 Herscurr, Astron. viii. 267 De-
flection from a straight line is only another word for cusva-
ture of path. 1862 MerivaLe Nom, Enzp. (1865) VII. Ixi.
329 They .. possibly noted the great deflection of the coast
southward from Cape Wrath.
b. Of things immaterial.
1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. i. § 3 Of the works of nature
which have a digression and deflexion from the ordinary
course of generations, productions, and motions. 1648 W.
Mountacue Devout Ess, 1. 112 (T.) King David found this
deflection and indirectness in our minds. 1649 JER. ‘TAYLOR
Gt. Exemp. 11. ix. 123 Deflexions in manners. 1840 Dr Quin-
cey Style iii. Wks. X. 190 We shall point out the deflexion,
the bias, which was impressed upon the Greek speculations
in this particular. 1851 CartyLe Sterling 1. xiv. (1872) 86
At this extreme point of spiritual deflexion and depression.
1876 Moztry Univ. Serm. iv. (1877) 84 The type of religion
it has produced is a deflection from simplicity.
3. The turning of a word or phrase aside from its
actual form, application, or grammatical use. arch.
1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 1311 By a little deflexion
of the name. .that Canicular or Dogge starre is called Kuvwr.
a 1619 Foturersy A theo, u. i. § 8 (1622) 191 That censure
of Catullus (with a little deflection) might very fitly bee
applied vnto him. 1659 O.WaLker Oratory 34 By a gentle
deflexion of the same word, in changing the substantive
with the adjective. 1807 G. Cuatmers Caledonia 1.1. iv.
119 Grynt signifies strength; and hence, by a little de-
flexion, Grynz came to signify any strength. 1830 Dr
Quincey Bentley Wks. 1890 IV. 131 note, A practice arose
of giving to Greek names in as their real Greek termination,
without any Roman deflexion.
4. Electr. and Magn. The turning of a magnetic
needle away from its zero; the measured amount
by which it is deflected.
1646 Sir T. Browne /’seud. Ef. 1. ii. 62 The variation of the
compasse is .. a deflexion and siding East and West from
the true meridian. 1863 Tyxpati //eat i. 4 A moment's
contact suffices to produce a prompt and energetic deflection
of the needle. 1865 Pad/ Mall G. 3 Aug. 1/2 The curious
electrical phenomenon known to electricians as ‘ deflection’,
has to-day been observed through the United Kingdom.
5. Optics. The bending of rays of light from the
straight line. By Hooke applied specifically to
the apparent bending or turning aside of the rays
passing near the edge of an opaque body, called by
Newton zxflexton, and now explained as a pheno-
menon of DIFFRACTION.
(Brougham tried to differentiate izflexion and deflexion :
see quot.)
1674-5 Hooke Lect. Light Wks. (1705) 188 The Light from
the Edge [of a card or razor] did strike downwards into the
Shadow very near to a Quadrant, though still I found, that
the greater the Deflection of this new Light was from the
direct Radiations of the Cone, the more faint they were.
1727-51 CHAMBERS Cycl., Deflection of the Rays of Light,
is a property which Dr. Hook observed 1674 .. He says, he
found it different both from reflexion, and refraction ..'This
is the same property which Sir Isaac Newton calls /ufrection.
1796 Broucuam in Phil, Trans. LXXXVI. 228 Def 1. If
a ray passes within a certain distance of any body, it is bent
inwards; this we shall call Inflection. 2. If it passes ata
still greater distance it is turned away; this may be termed
Deflection. 1808 J. Wesster Nat. Phil. 174 This deflection
is supposed to proceed from the attraction of the denser
medium, 1831 BrewstTER Newton viii. (1839) 99 In his paper
of 1674..he [Hooke]..described the leading phenomena of
the inflexion, or the deflexion of light, as he calls it.
6. Naut. The deviation of a ship from her true
course in sailing.
1706 Puituips(ed. Kersey), Deflection. .In Navigation, the
Tendency of a Ship from her true Course, by means of
Currents, &c. which divert or turn her out of her right Way.
Deflexionize, -ed, -ation: see Dr- Il. 1.
+ Deflexity. Ols. [f. L. déflex-us DEFLEX +
-1TY.] The quality of being deflected (said of rays
of light : see DEFLEcT 2b, DEFLEXION 5).
1797 Brovcuam in PAil. Trans. LXXXVII. 360 We
may ..say that the rays of light differ in degree of re-
frangity, reflexity, and flexity, comprehending inflexity and
deflexity. .these terms .. allude to the degree of distance to
which the rays are subject to the action of bodies.
Deflexure (difleksitiz, -flekfitz). rare. [f. L.
grt ppl. stem of déflectére to DEFLECT + -URE :
cf. flexure.] Deflexion, deviation ; the condition
of being bent (down or away).
_ 1656 Biounr Glossogr., Deflexure, a bowing or bend-
ing. 1675 OciLby Brit. Pref. 4 Deductions for the. .smaller
Deflexures of the Way. 1845 Florist’s Frni. 7 The lip..
18*-2
DEFLOCCATE.
instead of bald yt a by the usual deflexure of the
y
sides, is ect!
+ Deflo'ccate, v. Obs. rare—°. [f. L. défloc-
care, dé floccat- to pluck off, pluck, f. Dz- 1.6 +
Sfloce-us lock, flock.] (See quot.)
1623 Cockeram, Defloccate, to weare out a thing.
Deflorate (d/floe'rt, de'floret), a. [ad. L. dé-
florat-us, pa. pple. of déflorare: see next. Cf. L.
déflorere to shed its bloom.] :
. Bot. Past the flowering state: applied to
anthers that have shed their pollen, or to plants
when their flowers have fallen.
1828 Wesster, Deflorate, in botany, having cast its farin,
pollen, or fecundating dust. Martyn, 1858 Gray Struct.
Bot. Gloss., Deftérate, past the flowering age.
2. =DeEFLowERED; having lost virginity.
1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex.
Deflorate (de‘floreit), v. xave. In 5 defflorate.
[f. ppl. stem of late L. déflorare to deprive of its
flowers, ravish, f. Dr- I. 6 + fas, flor-em flower.]
+1. trans. To deflower (a woman). Ods.
¢1470 Harpinc Chron. cvu, vii, The women euer they
diuiciate In euery place, and fouly defflorate,
2. To strip (a plant) of its flowers.
1829 E. Jesse ¥rni. Nat. 165 They [the chaffinches] will
deflorate too the spikes or whorls of the little red archangel.
Defloration (defloré'fan). In 4-5 -acioun,
5-6 -acion, -acyon, 6 -atioun, deflouration.
[a. OF. defloracion (14th c. in Hatzf.), ad. L. dé-
floration-em plucking of flowers, of virginity, n. of
action from déflérare to DEFLOWER.] The action
of the verb DEFLOWER.
1. The action of deflowering a virgin.
c1400 MaunpEv.(Roxb.) reg i defloracioun ofmaydens.
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 196 b/2 Tellyng to hir the place &
tyme of hir defloracion. 1536 BELLENDEN Cron, Scot. (1821)
T. 199 He..complanit hevily the defloration of his dochteris.
1763 Cuesterr. Lett. IV. ccclxxvi. 198. 1803 Med. Frul.
1X. 71 Opinions generally entertained on the subject of
Defloration.
sexual connexion for the first time without violence, in
distinction from rape.
2. The culling or excerpting of the flowers or
finest parts of a book; a selection of choice pas-
sages.
BE ol Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 271 Pe whiche book pis
ce)
ert defloured solempneliche, and took out beste, so | :
i! : atvaganid | the despoiler and deflowerer.
at it semed pat pat defloracioun is now more worpy ban al
grete volume. 1613 SeLpeN in Drayton's Poly-olb. To
Rdr. Aiij, The common printed Chronicle, which is. . but an
Epitome or Defloration made by Robert of Lorraine. 1696
Ray in Lett, Lit. Men (Camden) 203 Your History, were it
reasonable for me to beg the defloration of it, would afford
the greatest ornaments to it. 1747 Carte Hist. Eng. 1.
Pref. 8 The Historia Britonum out of which he says, he made
those deflorations. 1 R. Exuis in Hermathena XVI. 184
The deflorations or MSS. containing excerpts.
De‘florator. vare. [agent-n. f. L. déflorire:
see prec.] One who excerpts the finest parts of a
book or author.
1647-8 G. Lancpaine in A dp. Ussher’s Lett. (1686) 524 This
is the same Robert, the deflorator of Marianus mentioned by
Malmesbury.
Defiore, deflour, obs. forms of DEFLOWER.
+ Deflowrish, v. Os. In 5 de-, diffloryssh,
6 deflorisch. [ad. OF. de(s) fouriss-, lengthened
stem of de(s) flourir, now aéfleurir, to DEFLOWER,
f. De- I. 6+ florir, fleurir to FLouRIsH.]
1. trans. To deflower; also fig. to spoil, ravage.
1494 Fasyan Chron. vit. 304 Y* he shuld .. also defloryssh
c emperours doughter. /did, vu. 410 The sayd bysshop..
ad difflorysshed a mayden and doughter of the sayde sir
Gautier. 1538 LeLanp /éin. V. 4 Montgomerike deflorisched
by Owen Glindour,
2. intr. To lose its flowers, to cease to flourish.
1656 Trarp Comm. Philip. iv. 10 It had deflourished then
for a season, and withered, as an oak in winter.
+ Deflowrished #//. a., having lost its flowers.
1616 Drumm. or Hawrtn. Sonn. xlix, Deflourisht mead,
where is your heavenly hue?
+ Deflow’, v. Obs. rare—". [f. De- I. 1 +
Frow, after L. d@fluéve to flow down or away: see
DEFLUENCE, etc.] zutr. To flow down.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 1. iv. 114 A collection of
some superfluous matter deflowing from the body.
Deflower (déflaue1), v. Forms: 4-7 deflore,
defloure, 5-7 deflowre, 4-9 deflour, 6- deflower.
ES OF. desflorer, desflourer (13th c. in Hatzf.),
ater defflorer, défleurer (Cotgr.), mod.F. déflorer =
Pr. deflorar, Sp. desflorar, \t. deflorare, repr. L.
déflorare to deprive of its flowers, to ravish, f.
De- I. 6 + flas, flor-em flower. With this prob. is
blended OF. desflorir, -flourir (14th c.), in 16the.
defforir, mod.¥. défleurir in same sense, and
intrans. The form is now assimilated to fower.]
1. trans. To deprive (a woman) of her virginity ;
to violate, ravish.
1382 Wycuir Zcclus.xx. 2 The lust of the gelding deflourede
the 3unge womman. 1393 Gower Conf. i 322 ich sigh
her suster pale and fade..Of that she hadde be defloured.
1494 Fasyan Chyon. vit. ccxxxviii. 278 The whiche .. he
deflowred of hyr ytie. 559 W. CUNNINGHAM
Cosmogr. Glasse 196 They have thys use that whan any
manne marieth, he must commit his wife to the priest to be
defloured. 16rx Biste Zcclus. xx. 4 As is the lust of an
Eunuch to defloure a virgine. 1775 Apain Amer. Ind. 164
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Defloration, a term for |
| ing the gardens.
140
The French Indians are said not to have deflowered any of
our young women they captivated.
2. fig. To violate, ravage, desecrate; to rob of
its bloom, chief beauty, or excellence; to spoil.
in Surtees Misc. (1890) 56 This citie.. Was never
deflorid be force ne violence. 1g00-20 Dunsar Poems Ixxii.
8 With blude and sweit was all deflorde His face. 1596
PENSER Hymne Hon. Beautie 39 That drous paterne
..layd up in secret store .. that no man may it see With
sinfull eyes, for feare it to deflore. tr. Martini’s
Cong. China Aiv, I will not .. deflower we of its
greatest beauty. 1660 GaupEN Antisacrilegus 7 It would
never recover its beauty..of late so much deflored. a@ —
Soutn Servm. I. i. (R.), Actual discovery (as it were) rifles
and deflowers the newness and freshness of the object.
1889 Lowe.t Walton Lit. moos et gay (To) find a sanctuary
which telegraph or telephone had not deflowered. .
+3. To cull or excerpt from (a book, etc.) its
choice or most valuable parts. Ods.
1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 39 Pe whiche book Robert
Bishop of Herforde deflorede. /dzd. VII. 271 [see Dertora-
TION 2). esd b T. Ditton Trav. Spain 229 After they had in
a manner deflowered the mine, and got as much ore as they
could oa extract. +
4. To deprive or strip of flowers.
c 1630 DrumM. or Hawtn. Poems 173 The freezing winds
our gardens do defloure. 1648 W. Mountacue Devout Ess.
1. xix. §6(R.), An earthquake. .rending the cedars, deflower-
1800 CamppeLL Ode to Winter 27 De-
flow’ring nature’s grassy robe, 1820 Keats Lamia 1. 216
Garlands. . From vales deflower'd, or forest trees branch-rent.
Deflowered (diflauesd), Af/. a. [-ED.] De-
prived of virginity, violated ; robbed of beauty or
bloom; marred, disfigured.
1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. x1. xvi, Of Cerebus the deflowred
pycture.. Lyke an horrible gyaunt fyrce and wonderly.
1603 SHaks. Meas. for M. w. iv. 24 A deflowred maid.
Cow try Mistress, Agst. Hope ii, The Joys which we entire
should wed, Come deflowr'd Virgins to our bed. 1887 T.
Harpy Woodlanders iii, She would not turn again to the
little looking-glass .. knowing what a deflowered visage
would look back at her.
Deflowerer (d/flaueraz). [-ER.] One who
deflowers.
1536 BELLENDEN Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 53 Hir freindis. .
commandit hir to schaw the deflorar of hir chastite. 1645
Mitton Yetrach, (1851) 189 The punishment of a deflowrer,
and a defamer. a1677 Barrow /W<ks. (1687) I. xviii. 256
A deflowrer and defiler of his reputation. 1713 Guardian
No. 123 These deflourers of innocence. 1824-9 Lannor /mag.
Conz. Wks. (1846) II. 7 Our Italy would rise up in arms against
Deflowering (d/flauerin), v/. sb. [-1NG 1]
The action of the verb DEFLOWER ; violation.
c¢1400 MAuNDEV. (1839) xxviii. 286 Of old tyme, men
hadden ben dede for dehodryige of Maydenes. 1561 T.
Norton Calvin's Inst. 1v. 138b, Y* rauishment and
deflouring of his daughter. 1609 RowLanps Anaue of
Clubbes 8 Villain .. Before the Lord
flowring of my wife. 1673 Lady's Call. I1. §1 7. 59 Every
indecent curiosity. .is a deflowring of the mind.
Deflow'ering, ///. a. That deflowers.
1642 Mitton Afol. Smect. (1851) 273 If unchastity in
a woman. .be such a scandall and dishonour, then certain]
inaman..it must, though commonly not so thought, be muc
more deflouring and dishonourable.
Defiuction, bad form of DEFLUXION.
Defluence (de‘flwéns). rare. [f. L. type *de-
fluentia, {. défluent-em, pr. pple. of défluére, f. DE-
I. 1 + fluéve to flow.] A flowing down or away.
1681-6 J. Scorr Chr. Life (1747) II. 281 They suffer
a continual Defluence of old, and Access of new Parts.
1803 Methodist Mag. XXVI. 36 There is a continual
defluence and access of parts.
+ De-fluency. Os. rare. [f. as prec. + -ENCY.]
The quality of flowing; fluidity.
1665 Boyie Hist. Cold xxi. 630 The cold having taken
away the defluency of the oyl.
Defiuent (de‘flwént) a. and sd. rave. [ad. L. aé-
Jiuent-em, pr. pple. of défiu-ere to flow down.]
A. adj. Flowing down, decurrent. B. sd. That
which flows down (from a main body).
1652 GauLe Magastrom. 87 Planets, in respect of motion,
siture, aspect; sc. combust, peregrine .. applicate, de-
uent. 1890 A thenaum 20 Dec. 845/3 This ice .. breaking
off into icebergs when its defluents wad § the sea in the fjords
which intersect Greenland. /éid. 846/1 The defluents of the
inland ice.
+ Defluous (de'flwas), a. Obs. rare. [f. L. dé-
flu-us (f. stem of déflu-ere to flow down) + -ous.]
Flowing down; also, falling off, shedding.
1727 Baitey vol. II, Deffuous, flowing down, falling,
shed . 1822 T. Tavtor Apuleius x1. 261 Her most
copious and long hairs..were softly defluous.
+ Deflux (d7flvks), sd. Obs. [ad. L. déflux-us
a flowing down, a running off, f. ppl. stem of dé-
Slutre: see above.]
1. A flowing or running down; defluxion.
1599 H. Buttes Dyet's Dry Din. peda R= o’reflowne
with brinie deluge of defluxes hot. Bacon Sylva
(1677) § 677 The Deflux of Humors. 1636 Featty Clavis
Myst. xxviii. 365 A t defluxe of penitent teares. 1710
T. Futter P: . Extemp. 172 A Frontal with Mastic ..
hinders the deflux of Humours.
2. transf. A falling off or shedding. rare.
1682 Norris Hierocles 130 Having suffered a deflux of her
wings.
.. concr. Aneffluence, emanation; =DxFLUXION
3b. rare. ;
1603 Hottanp Plutarch's Mor. 1336 But say there should
happly be some deflux or effluence that passeth from one
‘ou die, For this de- | and other Sensations were made by amoppoai oxnuartwr, the
1647 —
DEFORCE.
world toanother. 1682 Creecu Lucretius (1683) Notes 3 The
constant deflux of divine Images which strike the Mind.
+ Deflu'x, v. Obs. rare. [f. L. déflux-, ppl.
stem of défluére.] intr. a. To flow down. b.
To fall off in influence. Hence Deflu'xed £//. a.
Bh ss Me mee ps Levellers Levelled 9 If wee observe the
i time of this Eclipse or full Moone. .shee defluxeth
from the ition of the Sunne, to the Conjunction of
Saturne. Tomutnson Renou’s Disp. 520 It cohibits
all fluxions, and cocts the defluxed humours.
Defluxion (diflzkfan). Also 7-9 defluction.
[a. F. défluxion (16th c., Calvin, Paré), or ad. L.
défluxidn-em, n. of action from L. défluére to flow
down, also, to fall off (as hair).]
+1. A flowing or running down. Ods.
1549 prs be Scot. Prol. 14 The defluxione of blude hed
payntit ande cullourt all the feildis. 1616 Haywarp Sauct.
Troub. Soul t. ii. (1620) 38 The emptying of an Houre-glasse
consisteth, not onely in the falling of the last graine of sand,
but in the whole defluxion thereof from the beginning. 1677
Hate Prim. Ny Man, w. viii. kr By the defluxion
of Waters, 1832 Blackw. Mag. XXXII. 644 It would be
a needless defluxion of time to relate what took place.
+b. A falling off (of hair). Ods. ie
1 Row tanp Moufet's Theat. Ins. 945 y cure .. de-
Phe ok of hair, and the thi thereof contracted.
2. Path. a. A supposed flow of ‘humours’ to a
particular part of the body, in certain diseases. b.
The flow or discharge accompanying a cold or
inflammation; a running at the nose or eyes;
catarrh. Now rare, Obs., or dial.
1576 Lyte Dodoens v. xx. 576 [It] stoppeth all defluxions
and falling downe of humours. 1586 Sir A, Pautet in Ellis
Orig. Lett. 1. V1, No. 220: 7 Whome we found in her bed
troubled..with a defluxion which was fallen into the syde
of her neck. 1626 Bacon Sy/va (1651) 11 So doth Cold like-
wise cause Rheumes, and Deditixions from the Head. 1666
Lond. Gaz. No. 65/2 Monsieur Colbert is fallen very ill of
a defluction upon his throat. 1744 FRANKLIN Penusylv. Fire-
Places Wks. (1887) 1.496 Women. .get colds. .anddefluctions,
which fall into their jaws gums. 1781 Gipson Decl. §
F. IL. xli. 517 A defluxion had fallen on his eyes. 1842
Aspy Water Cure (1843) 221 A scorbutic ulcer in the leg...
| attended with a great defluction on the part. 1860 MotLry
Netherl. (1868) I. vii. 455 Owing to a bad cold with
a defluxion in the eyes, she was unable at once to read.
+8. concr. Something that flows or runs down.
1615 Crooke Body of Man 277 The Nature of Seede no
man that I know hath yet essentially defined .. Plato
— it] The defluxion of the spinall marrow. 1633
*. Apams £-xf. 2 Pet. iii. 18 (1865) 884 We know..that he
can..pour down putrid defluxions from above.
+b. fig. An effluence, emanation. [tr. Gr. dmop-
pon.| Obs.
1603 Hoitann Plutarch's Mor. 1307, The defluxion of
Osiris, and the very apparent image of him, 1678 Cup-
wortu Jutell. Syst. 15 According to Empedocles, Vision
Defluxions of Figures, or Effluvia of Atoms.
+ Defilu'xive, a. Obs. [f. L. deflux-, ppl.
stem (DEFLUX v.) + -IvE.] That is characterized
by flowing down. Hence Defiu-xively adv.
ne foe Stantey Hist. Philos. 111. 11. 133 Aliment, distri-
by the veines through the whole frame defluxively.
1
but
“Defcedation : see DEFEDATION.
+Defoi'l, v.! Ods. Also 7 deffoile, diff-.
[ad. F. défeuille-r, in 13th c. des-, deffuetller, f.
des-, dé- (Dx- I. 6) + feuille leaf. Cf. med.L. dé-
foliare.| trans. To strip of leaves ;= DEFOLIATE v.
1601 Houtanp Péiny xvi. xxii, In disburgening and
defoiling a vine. /éid., How much thereof must be
diffoiled. /dfd., It is not the manner to disburgen or deffoile
altogether such trees.
Defoil, v.2 To trample down, crush, oppress,
violate, defile: see DEFOUL v.
Defoil sé., var. form of DEFouL sd.
Defoliate (diféwlit), a. rarve—° [ad. med.L.
defoliat-us: see next.) ‘ Having cast, or being
deprived of, its leaves* (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883).
te (difow'lie't), v. [f. med.L. dgoliare,
f. De- 1. 6 +folium leaf. Cf.DErort.] érans. To
strip of leaves; also fig.
1793 W. Roserts Looker-on (1794) Il. ote 213 To
of a great and ornamen ..to
see it defoliated and withered. 1816 Kirsy & Sr. Entomol.
not only defoliated, but the stems. . have been split.
Hence Defo'liator,
insect that strips trees of their leaves. i
Defoliation (défoulizi-fan). [ad. L. type *dé-
foliation-em, n. of action f. défolidre: see prec.
So in mod.Fr.] Loss or shedding of leaves.
H. L’Estrance Alliance Div. Of. 222 At the time
of the defoliation, or fall of the leaf. x79 E. Darwin Bot.
Gard. 1. 38 wee, Sie See deciduous trees is
Bot., Defoliation, th se on leaves.
ites jation, the i
Bring of pants the folation and defoliation of trees
(difdeas), v. Also 5-6 deforse.
AF. deforcer (11th c.) = OF. (des-, de
f. des-, de- (Dx- 1. 6) + forcier, vy to ForcE (or
from the Romanic forms of these): in med.L. di/-,
déforctare (Du Senge, Cf. EFForce, ENForcE.]
Law, (trans.) To keep (something) by force
DEFORCE.
or violence (from the person who has a right to
it); to withhold wrongfully.
[1292 Britton 1. xix. §8 Nos eschetes defforcez (¢vransi.
Escheats deforced from us). /ééd. 1. xxi. § 1 Tiel qi la..
rente deforce tient (¢7. who holds the rent deforced).]
¢ 1470 Harpinc Chron. lxxx. i, Arthure..emperour of Rome
by title of right, [Whiche deforced] by Lucius Romain,
Pretendyng hym for emperour of might. 1609 Skene Reg.
May. 28 Command B, that..he..restore to M...her reason-
abill dowrie...And inquire him, for quhat cause he deforces
and deteins the samine fra her. 1765 Lond. Chron. 23 Nov.
The cutter is said to have deforced Capt. Duncan’s
at..off the island of May. 1865 Nicuots Britton 11. 6
It sometimes happens..that he who has no right deforces
the wardship from him who has a better right [de/orce la
garde a celi gi major dreit ad).
+b. gen. To take or keep away by force. Ods.
1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy u. xiv, For you my wyfe, for you
myne owne Heleine, That be deforced fro me, welaway.
1494 Fasyan Chron. I. 215 (R.) This Lowys..maryed the
doughter of Guy..the which after, for nerynesse of kynne,
was deforced from the sayd Lowys. ;
2. To eject (a person) by force from his property;
to keep (him) forcibly out of the possession o/; to
deprive wrongfully.
1531 Dial. on Laws Eng. u. xxv. (1638) 109 Where
a Parson of a Church is wrongfully deforced of his Dismes.
1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII, c. 7 § 7 Personnes .. dysseased,
deforsed, wronged, or otherwyse .. put from their lawfull
inheritance. 1586 Ferne Lacies Nobilitie 35 Stephen was
a wrongfull possessour of the Crowne, for he deforced Mawd
--of her right. 1602 Futpecke 2nd Pt, Parall. 57 A Nuper
obijt ought to be brought by that Coparcener, who is de-
forced from the tenements, against all the other Coparceners
which do deforce her. rg 7 - Rosinson Gavelkind vi. 105
[He] enters on the whole Land on the Death of the Ancestor
and deforces the other. 1865 Nicnots Britton II. 257 Peter
wrongfully deforces her of the third part of so much land.
3. Sc. Law. To prevent by force (an officer of
the law) from executing his official duty.
1461 Liber Pluscardensis x1. xi. (1877) I. 399 Deforsand
serrefis, masaris or sergeand. 1579 Sc. Acts Fas. VI (1597)
§ 75 In case the officiar. . beis violently deforced and stopped
in execution of his office. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj. Table 75
He quha deforces the kings officiars, and stops the taking
of poynds. 1816 Scorr Axtiz. xlii, If you interrupt me in
my duty, I will.. declare myself deforced. 1885 Manch.
Exam. 18 Mar. 4/7 Crofters charged with deforcing a
sheriff's officer while attempting to serve summonses for
arrears of rent. :
+4. To commit rape upon, to force. Sc. Obs.
1528 LynpEsay Dreme 1098 Tak tent, how prydful Tar-
ayes tynt his croun, For the deforsyng of Lucres. 1536
ELLENDEN Cro. Scot. (1821) I. 173 Mogallus .. deforsit
virginis and matronis.
+ Deforrce, 5. Sc. Obs.
FORCEMENT.
+479 Act. Dom. Conc. 33 (Jam.) That Johne Lindissay ..
sall restore to James lord Hammiltoune. .a kow of a deforce,
a salt mert, a mask fat. J/éid. 38 That he has made na
deforss.
Deforcement (difoe1smént). Zaw. [a. AF.
and OF, deforcement (12th c.), f. deforcer; in med.
L. (Scotch Stat.) deforctamentum : see prec. and
-MENT.
1. ‘The holding of any lands or tenements to
which another person has a right’ (Wharton, Law
Lex.) ; the action of forcibly keeping a person out
of possession of anything.
ls Skene Reg. May. cxxxv. 137 Gif any man complaines
.- that he is vnjustlie deforced be sic ane man, of sic lands,
or sic ane tenement..the maker of the deforcement sall be
summoned incontinent. 1 Biackstone Comm, U1. 172
The fifth and last apace of injuries by ouster or privation of
the freehold .. is that by deforcement. /éid. 174 Another
species of deforcement is, where two persons have the same
title to land, and one of them enters and keeps possession
against the other.
. Sc. Law. The forcible preventing of an officer
of the law from execution of his office ; such obstruc-
tion or resistance as is construed to amount to this.
1581 Sc. Acts Fas. VI (1597) § 117 In all actiones of de-
forcementes, and breaking of arreistmentes. 1609 SKENE
Reg. Maj. 2 Ane deforcement done to the kings officiar.
— J.. HAMBERLAYNE St, Gt, Brit, us ut. x. (1743) 434
he resisting him [the messenger at arms] is a crime in the
law of Scotland, called deforcement. a@ 1805 A. CARLYLE
Autobiog. 22 note, The thieves were collecting. .in order to
come to Dumfries on the day of the execution, and make
a deforcement as they were conducting Jock to the gallows.
1884 V. Brit. Daily Mail 5 Aug. 4/3 Two aged women,
tried at Stornoway for deforcement of a sheriff officer.
Deforcer (difoe1saz). Also 6-9 deforceor,
6 Sc. -forsare, 7 -forsour. [a. AF. deforceour,
-cor, f, deforcer to DeForcz.]
1, Zaw. One who wrongfully ejects or keeps
another out of possession ; = DEFORCIANT.
1628 Coxe On Litt. 331b, The Deforceor holdeth it so
fast, as the right owner is driuen to his reall Preecipe. 1641
Termes de la Ley, Deforceor is hee that overcommeth and
casteth out with force, and he differeth from a disseisor,
first in this, that a man may disseise another without force
..then because a man may deforce another that never was
in possession. 1656 Biount Glossogr., Deforsour. 1700
Tyrrett Hist. Eng. U1. 1106 The Deforceors withal to be
amerced. 1865 Nicnots Britton II. 25 Let the deforceor
be punished according to the tenor of our statutes.
2. Sc. Law. One who deforces an officer of the
law; see DEFORCE 3.
3587 Sc. Acts Fas. VI (1597) § 84 All deforcers of Offi-
ciares, in execution of their Office. ei 4 Skene Reg. Maz.
2 Gif the deforcer is convict. .of the said deforcement.
[f. the vb.] =Dr-
141
+38. One who commits a rape: see DEFORCE 4.
I Be.tenven Livy 1. (1822) 10x Gif me youre handis
and faith that the adulterare and deforsare of me [Lucretia]
sall nocht leif unpunist. ?
Deforciant (d/foe1siant). Law. Also 7 de-
forceant. [a. AF. deforceant, pr. pple. of de-
Sorcer. Cf, med. (Anglo)L. déforczans.] A person
who deforces another or keeps him wrongfully out
of possession of an estate.
(z292 Britton 11. xv. § 3 Si le deforceaunt ne puse averrer
la soute [unless the deforciant can aver payment].] 1585
in H. Hall Soc. Eliz. Age (1886) 239 Edward Essex levyed
a fyne of the premyses to Hughe Stukeley deforciant. 1613
Sir H. Fincu Law (1636) 279 A fine is the acknowledg-
ing of an hereditament ..to be his right that doth com-
plaine. He that complaineth is called plaintife, and the
other deforceant. 1767 Biacksrone Comm. II. 350 An
acknowlegement from the deforciants (or those who keep
the other out of possession). 1768 /dcd. III. 174 In levying
a fine of lands, the person, against whom the fictitious
action is brought upon a supposed breach of covenant, is
called the deforciant. 1885 L. O. Pixe Vear-bks. 12-13
Edw. I11 Introd. 60 Actions. .in which the deforciant could
not know the nature of the claim fer verdba brevis.
+ Deforcia‘tion. Os. [ad. med.L. déforcia-
zion-em (Leg. Quat. Burg.), disforciation-em (Leg.
Normann.), n. of action f. aé-, disforciare to DE-
FORCE.] = DEFORCEMENT.
nett Paroch. Antiq. 11. Gloss., Deforciatio,
seizure of goods for satisfaction of a lawful
debt.—-Hence in Law Dictionaries, and under the anglicized
form in BaiLey 1721 and modern Dicts. But the explana-
tion is incorrect, the meaning in Kennett’s Latin quot.
being ‘what is taken or held by force ’.] 2
1864 WensteR, Deforciation (Law), a withholding by
force or fraud from rightful possession ; deforcement. :
+ Deforcia‘tor. Oés. [a. med.L. déforciator
(Du Cange), agent-n. from déforcidre to DEFonrce.]
= DEFORCER I.
1549 Act 3-4 Edw. VI, c. 3 § 1 Their Ingress and Egress
were. .letted by the same Deforciators.
Deforest (difprést), v. [f. De- II. 2 + Forest:
cf. the synonyms DEAFFoREST, DISAFFOREST, D1s-
rorEst, OF. desforester, deforester, med.L. dea/-
Sorestare, disafforestare: see Dx- I. 6.]
1. Zaw. To reduce from the legal position of forest
to that of ordinary land; to make no longer a forest ;
= DISAFFOREST I, DISFOREST 1.
1538 Levanp /¢in. IV. 115 John Harman..B. of Excester
-. obteyned License to deforest the Chase there. 1759 B.
Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. 11. 105 One entire Forest, till
deforested by the Kings. ;
2. gen. To clear or strip of forests or trees.
1880 [see DerorestiNG]. 1887 Scribner's Mag. Il. 450
‘The region should be forest-clad; or even if now deforested,
[etc.]. 1891 Bret Harte /irst Kam. Tasajara x, [He]
deforested the cafion.
Hence Deforrested ///.a.; Defo'resting vi/. sd.
and ff/. a.; also Deforesta‘tion ; Defo-rester.
1538 Letanp /¢iz. VII. 101 At the Deforestinge of the old
Foreste of Kyngeswood. 1880 Scribner's Mag. Feb. 502
Most speculating deforesters go to the bad pecuniarily.
1880 Standard 10 Dec., By the deforesting of plains he has
turned once fertile fields into arid deserts. 1884 Chicago
Advance 25 Dec. 853 ‘The native newspapers fear the de-
forestation of Japan. 1887 Scribner's Mag. 1. 568 The
deforested surface.
Defo'rm, sé. xonce-wd. [f. DEroRM v.] The
action of deforming, deformation: opp. to reform.
1831 Fraser's Mag. 1V. 2 He..permitted the actual de-
form of his windows sooner than testify any sort of sym-
pathy with the sham reform of parliament.
Deform (difgim), a. arch. Forms: 4-6 de-
fourme, 6-7 deforme, 7- deform. [a. obs. F.
deforme (1604 in Godef.) =mod.F. difforme, or ad.
L. déform-is (in med.L. also difformis) deformed,
misshapen, ugly, disgraceful, f. D- I. 6 + forma
shape. Cf. also DirForM.] Deformed, misshapen,
shapeless, distorted ; ugly, hideous.
I Wycur Gen. xli, 19 Other seven oxen .. defourme
leene. 1508 Fisner Wks. (1876) 98 With many ..
spottes of synne we haue..made it defourme in the syght
of god. 1591 Sy_vesteR Dz Bartas 1. i. (1641) 3/2 A con-
fus'd heap, a Chaos most deform. 1 Mitton P, L. x1.
494 Sight so deform what heart of rock could long Drie-
ey'd behold? 2 1734 Nortu Examen 1, iii. P 16. 133 The
monstrous and deform Tales of Oates. 1872 BrowNinG
Fifine xliii, Every face, no matter how deform.
Deform (diff-1m), v.1_ Also 5-7 dif-, 5 dyf-.
[a. OF. deformer, also desformer, defformer, and
(15th c.) difformer, mod.F. déformer. The first is
ad. L. déformare, f. Dx- I. 6 + forma shape; the
second represents the Rom. var. désformare, and the
last its med,L. repr. difformare. Thence the Eng.
variants in ge-, dif-. Cf. also Pr. deformar, It. de-
Sormare, Sp. desformar.]
1. trans. To mar the appearance, beauty, or
excellence of ; to make ugly or unsightly; to dis-
figure, deface. a. Zit.
c1450 [see. DeForMED 1]. 1509 Barctay Shyp of Folys
(2570) 8 Thus by this deuising such counterfaited thinges,
ey diffourme that figure that God himselfe hath made.
1530 Rastett Bk. Purgat. Prol., Some spot..wherby he is
‘ssomwhat deformed. a@1627 Haywarp Edw. VJ (1630) 16
He .. wasted Tinedale and the marches, and deformed the
country with ruine and spoile. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 7vav.
(1638) 80 Never did poore wretch shed more teares ., de-
forming her sweet face.. 1702 Rowe Tamerlane v. is 2012
DEFORMATION,
‘To deform thy gentle Brow with Frowns. 1858 HAwTHORNE
Fr. & It. Fruls. (1872) 1. 37 The square..had mean little
huts, deforming its ample space. 1861 Gen. P. THompson
Audi Alt. 111. clxxv. 208 The blackest pirate that ever de-
formed his face with beard.
. fig.
1533 BELLENDEN Livy 11. (1822) 308 This honest victorie
..- wes deformit be ane schamefull jugement gevin be Ro-
mane pepil. 1756 C. Lucas “ss. Waters I. Ded., It is a
vice that deforms human nature. 1855 Macautay //ist.
Eng. 1V. 535 The earlier part of his discourse was deformed
by pedantic divisions and subdivisions.
+e. To put out of proper form, disarrange. Oés.
1725 Pore Odyss. xiv. 252 The fair ranks of battle to
deform. 1783 Hist. Europe in Ann. Reg. 66/2 Breaking
the British line, and totally deforming their order of battle.
+d. zuztr. To become deformed or disfigured ;
to lose its beauty. Ods. rare.
I Beattie Ode to Hope u. iii, To-morrow the gay scene
deforms ! :
2. ¢rans. To mar the form or shape of ; to mis-
shape. See also DEFORMED.
¢ 1400, 1483 [see DrFormED 2]. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems
Ixxxiv. 19 A crippill, or a creatour Deformit as ane oule be
dame Natour. 1590 SHaks. Com. Err. 1. ii. 100 Darke
working Sorcerers that change the mind: Soule-killing
Witches, that deforme the bodie. 1594... Rich. ///, 1. i. 20
Cheated of Feature by dissembling Nature, Deform’d, vn-
finish’d. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 94 Keep the Bitt
straight to the hole you pierce, lest you deform the hole.
3. To alter the form of; in Physics, to change
the normal shape of, put out of shape: cf. Dr-
FORMATION 3.
1joz_ Eng. Theophrast. 116 Nothing so deforms certain
Courtiers, as the Presence of the Prince ; it so alters their
Air and debases their Looks that a Man can scarce know
them, 1876 Giapstone Homeric Synchr. 222 This com-
pletely alters and deforms the idea of the earth as a plane
surface. 1883 Nature XXVII. 405 The hard steel.. breaks
up or deforms the projectiles.
"14. Obs. var. of DirrorM v.
+ Deform, v.? Ods. rare. In 4 defourme,
defforme. [ad. L. déformare to form, fashion,
describe, f. De- I. 1, 3 + formdre to ForM.] trans.
To form, fashion, delineate.
1382 Wycuir 2 Cor. iii. 7 The mynistracioun of deeth de-
fformyd [v.~. defourmyde, Vulg. deformata] by lettris [1388
write bi lettris] in stoones.
Deformable (4iffmab’l), a.
or a. (or their L. originals) + -ABLE.
FORMABLE. J
+1. Affected with, or of the nature of, a deformity ;
deformed; ugly. Odés.
©1450 Mirour Saluacioun 4296 Thaire bodyes than shalle
be moredefourmable. 1576 Baker Jewell of Health 99 The
hyghe rednesse of the face being deformable. 1677 Gate
Crt. Gentiles w.17 Splendor and Brightnesse is essential to
Beautie.. Shadows and Darknesses are deformed, and render
althings deformable.
2. Capable of being deformed or put out of shape.
Hence Deformabi'lity.
Deformalize: see Der- II. 1.
+ Deformate, a. Obs. rave. [ad. L. déformat-
us, pa. pple. of déformare.] Deformed, disfigured.
c14so0 Henryson Compl. Creseide (R.), Whan she sawe
her visage so deformate.
Deformation (difpiméi-fan). Also 5 diff-, 6
dyff-. [ad. L. déformation-em (in med.L. also
dtf-), n. of action from L. adéformare to DEFORM.
Cf. F. déformation (14th c. in Hatzf., and in
Cotgr.); admitted into Dict. Acad. 1835.]
1. The action (or result) of deforming or marring
the form or beauty of ; disfigurement, defacement.
1440 Lypc. Secrees 500 Difformacyons of Circes and
meede. 1623 CockERAM, Fra detest a spoiling. 1633
Br. Hari Hard Texts 86 If by these means of deformation
thy heart shall be set off from her. 1650 Butwer Anthro-
fonet. 96 Which deformation is so pleasing to their Eyes,
that men .. are commonly seen with their Eares so arrayed.
1734 Watts Relig. Fuv. (1789) 85 Could you .. recover them
from the deformations and disgraces of time. 1877 J. D.
Cuambers Div. Worship 13 ‘The deformations perpetrated
by Wyatt [in a building]. 2
2. Alteration of form for the worse; esf., in con-
troversial use, the opposite of reformation.
1546 Bae Eng. Votaries u. (1550) 48 b, Johan Capgraue
writeth y' a great reformacyon (a dyfformacyon he shulde
haue seyd) was than in the Scottish churche. 1581 Petrie
Guazzo's Civ. Conv, 11. (1586) 81 To seeme young. .[they] con-
vert their silver haires into golden ones. .this their transfor-
mation or rather deformation [etc.]. @ 1638 MEprE Disc. xii.
Wks. (1677) 236 These are the Serpents first-born .. begotten
.. by spiritual deformation, as they are Devils. 1651 N.
Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. Xxxv. (1739) 159 The great work
of Reformation, or rather Deformation in the Worship of
God. 1774 A. Gis Present Truth I. 246 The grievous de-
formation which has been taking place in the Church state.
1832 Wuate y in Zi/ (1866) I. 153 A most extensive ecclesi-
astical reformation (or deformation, as it may turn out).
1891 W. LockHart Chasuble 7 Before the Protestant De-
formation of religion in the sixteenth century.
b. Analtered form of a word in which its proper
form is for some purpose perverted :
e. g. the various deformations of the word God, as ‘od, cod,
dod, cot, cock, cop, etc., formerly so common in asseverations,
etc., to avoid overt profanity of language, and the breach
of the Third Commandment, or of statutes such as that of
3 James I, c. 21 ‘For the preventing and avoiding of the
great abuse of the holy name of God in stage-plays, inter-
Iudes’ [etc.].
[f Drerorm v.
Cf. Con-
DEFORMATIVE.
3. Physics. Alteration of form or shape; relative
displacement of the parts of a body or surface
without breach of continuity ; an altered form of.
1846 Caytey IWks. I. 234 Two skew surfaces are said to be
deformations of each other, when for convene eat
3 lines the torsion is always the same. 1857 WHEWELL
ist. Induct. Sc. 111. 54 The isogonal curves may be looked
upon as deformations of the curve. 1869 Purrson tr. Guille-
min’s The Sun (1870) 81 The deformation of the solar disc
by refraction. 1893 Forsyru Functions of a Complex Vari-
able 333 In the continuous Deformation of a surface there
may be stretching and there may be bending; but there
must be no joining.
rmative (difpimitiv), a. nonce-wd. [f.
L. déformat-, ppl. stem +-IvE.] Having the pro-
perty of deforming or altering for the worse.
1641 Prelat. Episc. 10 Whither their courts be reformative
or deformative.
Deformed (difp-imd), ff/. a. Also 5 dyf-
fourmed, difformed. [f. DEFoRM v. +-ED 1.]
+1. Marred in appearance ; disfigured, defaced.
c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 4115 His face was deformed
and bolnyd. 1535 CoverDALE /sa. lii. 13 Y° multitude shal
wondre vpon him, because his face shalbe so deformed & not
asamans face. 1§53 Even 7 reat. Newe /nd.(Arb.) 23 Theyr |
women are deformed by reason of theyr greate eyes, greate
mouthes and greate nosethrilles. 1631 WEEvER Anc. Fun,
Mon. 791 Beholding the deformed ruines, he could hardly
refraine from teares. 1632 Lirncow 7 av. v1. 253 Inall this
deformed Countrey, wee saw neyther house, nor Village.
2. Marred in shape, misshapen, distorted; un-
shapely, of an ill form. Now chiefly of persons :
Misshapen in body or limbs.
c¢ 1400 MaunpeEv. (1839) v. 47 A monster is a ping difformed
azen kynde. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 427/2 The most dys-
fourmed and most myserable he sat nyghe hym. 1574 tr.
Littleton’s Tenures 24a, One that hath but one foote, or
one hande, or is deformed. c1600 SHaks. Sonn. cxiii,
The most sweet fauor, or deformedst creature. 1665 Sik
T. Hersert 7rav. (1677) 338 Many deformed Pagotha’s are
here worshipped. 1675 TRAHERNE Chr. Ethics vi. 69 Lions
have an inclination to their grim mistresses, and deformed
bears a natural affection to their whelps. 1752 JoHNsoN
Rambler No. 196 ® 7 Of his children, some may be de-
formed, and others vicious. 1869 W. P. Mackay Grace
& Truth (1875) 247 A poor deformed fellow.
+3. Of irregular form; shapeless, formless. Ods.
1555 Even Decades 200 Branches full of large and de-
formed leaves. 1567 Satir. Poems Reform. iii. 7 Ane King
at euin .. At morne bot ane deformit lumpe of clay. 1655-60
Sranuey //ist. Philos. (1701) 186/1 Which .. he from a de-
formed confusion reduced to beautiful order. 1677 Hate
Prim. Orig. Man. ww. ii, 297 The great Moles Chaotica .. in
its first deformed exhibition of its appearance .. had the
shape of Water.
4. fig. Perverted, distorted ; morally ugly, offen-
sive, or hateful.
1555 EpEN Decades To Rdr. (Arb.) 53 The monstrous and
deformed myndes of the people mysshapened with phantasti-
cal opinions. 1604 Marston Madcontent w. iii, Sure thou
would’st make an excellent elder in a deformed Church.
1628 Paynne Love-lockes 49 What a deformed thing is it for
a man to doe any womanish thing! 1667 Mitton /. ZL. v1.
387 Deformed rout Enter'd, and foul disorder. 1860 Pusry
Min, Proph. 182 Deformed as is all oppression, yet to op-
press the poor, has an unnatural hideousness of its own.
Deformedly (d/fpimédli, difg-amdli), adv.
Now rare.
disfigured manner; misshapenly, ill-favouredly.
1593 NAsHE Christ's T. (1613) 21 You .. cast them to the
Foules of the ayre, to bee deformedly torne in peeces. 1611
Sreep Hist. Gt, Brit. 1x. viii. (1632) 588 His fingers de-
formedly growing together. 1634 Sir T. Herpert 7rav.
(1638) 349 A speckled Toad-fish .. not unlike a Tench, but...
more. .deformedly painted. 1667 H. More Div. Dial. v.v.
(1713) 411 He that keeps not to the right cloathing will be
found most deformedly naked. 1685 — Paralip. Prophet. 412.
+b. fig. With moral deformity. Ods.
1610 Heatey St, Aug. Citie of God 858 Erring more de-
formedly .. against the expresse word of God.
+ Defo'rrmedness. 0¢s. rare. [-Ness.] The
quality of being deformed ; deformity, ugliness.
1588 W. Averett Comb. Contrarieties Bij b, Howe doth
= gluttonie chaunge Natures comlines into foule de-
‘ormednes?
Deformer (diff-1mor). [f Derorm v.! + -ER 1,
One who or that which deforms; in controversia
use, the opposite of reformer.
(1962 Win3zet Cert. Tractates iii. Wks. 1888 1. 26 The prin-
cipall deformare of his allegeit reformatioun. 1g92 Nasne
P. Penilesse ¥, A mightie deformer of men's manners and
features is this vnnecessarie vice [drunkenness]. 1 ne
Goopwin On Revelation Wks. Il. u. 129 (R.) To reduce
our worship, etc. now into the pattern of the first four or
five hundred years (which is the plausible pretence of our
new deformers) is to bring Pi in in. 1689 T. Piun-
Ket Char. Gd. C ter 54 not Ref S,
[f. prec. + -Ly *.] In a deformed or |
142
1870 Daily News 19 Dec., Inc: ity is a deforming fea-
ture. 1892 Lp. Ke_vin in Pall Malt G, 1 Dec. 6/3 He
d now. .a..demonstration of elastic yielding in the
as a whole, under the influence of a deforming force. :
ro 3 (difg-aumiti). Also 5 dif-, 5-6
dyff-. [a. OF. deformité (defformeteit, defformité,
desformité), ad. L. déformitas, f. déformis: see
Derorm a. and -Iry. In mod.F. difformité.]
1. The quality or condition of being marred or
disfigured in appearance ; disfigurement; unsight-
liness, ugliness.
cue Crt. of Love clxvii, For other have their ful shape
and beaute, And we..ben in deformite. 1483 Caxton
Gold. Leg. 431/1 Wythout abhomynacion of d a de ne
of ordure or fylthe. 1514 Barctay Cyt. & Uplondyshm.
(Percy Soc.) 25 No fautes with Moryans is blacke dy-
fformyte, Because all the sorte lyke of theyr favour be. 1530
Raste.ty Bk. Purgat. m1. viii. 2 [The linen cloths] had no
such spottes or tokens of deformyte to the eye. 1658 Sir T’.
Browne //ydriot. iii. (1736) 31 Christians have handsomely
glossed the Deformity of Death by careful Consideration of
the Body, and civil Rites. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 7rav.
(1638) 261 Lastly, they cleanse themselves with purer water,
supposing contaminated deformitie washt off. 1762-71 H.
Watrote Vertue's Anecd. Paint, (1786) 1. 181 Beautifull
Gothic architecture was engrafted on Saxon deformity. 1805
Med. ¥rnl. X1V. 107 To prevent the propagation of disease
[small-pox], and its consequent effects, deformity.
2. The quality or condition of being deformed or
misshapen ; esf. bodily misshapenness or malform-
ation ; abnormal formation of the body or of some
bodily member.
©1440 Gesta Rom, \xxviii. 396 (Add. MS.), A dwerfe of a
litill stature, hauyng ..a in his back, ande crokide fete
..ande full of alle diformyte. 1494 Fasyan Chron. vit. 330
Edmunde.. surnamed Crowke backe, was the .. eldest;
albe it he was put by, by ye meane of his fadre, for his de-
formytye. 1587 Gotpinc De Mornay x. 138 But how can
mater be without forme, seeing that euen deformitie it selfe
is a kinde of forme? 1594 Suaks. Rich. ///, 1. i. 27 ‘To see
my Shadow in the Sunne, And descant on mine owne De-
formity. /did. 1. ii. 57 Blush, blush, thou lumpe of fowle
Deformitie. 1643 Six 1. Browne Relig. Med. 1. §16 The
Chaos: wherin .. to speak strictly, there was no deformity,
because no forme. 1717 Lapy M. W. MontaGu Let. to
C’tess of Mar 16 Jan., Their fondness for these pieces of
deformity [dwarfs]. 1801 Med. Yru/. V. 41 In cases of de-
formity of the pelvis. 1856 Kane Arct. Exfi. II. i. 22
Rightly clad, he is a lump of deformity waddling over the
ice.
3. (with @ and /.) An instance of deformity ;
a disfigurement or malformation; now usually
spec. a malformation of the body or of some bodily
member or organ.
1413 Lyne. Pilgr. Sowle u. xlv. (1859) 52 The fowle spottys,
and wonderful defourmytees, whiche he shold apperceyuen
in his owne persone, nine Lyte Dodoens tw. \ii. 518 Sonne
burning, and other suche deformities of the face. a 1662
Heytyn Laud 1. (1671) 204 Those deformities in it [St.
Paul's] which by long time had been contracted. 1
Suttivan View Nat, V. 382 Others .. carry.. maladies anc
deformities about them, from the cradle to the grave. 1807-26
S. Coorer First Lines Surg. (ed. 5) 411 The tumour some-
times creates no particular inconvenience; and is merely a
deformity. ; :
b. ¢ransf. A deformed being or thing.
1698 Fryer Acc. E. India 44 Their Gods .. were cut in
horrid Shapes .. to represent the Divinity .. yet I cannot
imagine such Deformities could ever be invented for that
end. 1817 Byron Manfred 1.i, A —_ deformity on high,
The monster of the upper sky! 1838 Dickens Nich, Nick.
viii, Children with the countenances of old men, deformities
with irons upon their limbs. ‘
4. fig. Moral disfigurement, ugliness, or crooked-
ness.
vice and alkyn deformitee. 1561 ‘Tl. Norton Calvin's Just.
1. xv. (1634) 74 The corruption and deformitie of our nature.
1696 STANHOPE Chr, Pattern (1711) 71 If the deformity of
his neighbour's actions happen to represent that of his own,
1741 Mippieton Cicero TL. vii. 109 The deformity of
ang ie conduct. 1860 Emerson Cond. of Life, Behaviour
Wks. (Bohn) II. 382 It held bad manners up, so that churls
could see the deformity.
b. (with a and Z/.) A moral disfigurement.
1571 Campion //ist. Jred. 11. v. (1633) 80 They declined now
to such intollerable deformities of life and other superstitious
errors. 1§76 Fieminc Panopl. Epist. 248, I avgpones ita
great deformitie, and disorder. 1705 Stannore Paraphr. 1.
22 Those Vicious Habits which are a Deformity to Chris-
tians. 1855 Macautay //ist. Eng. IV. 333 Cromwell
tried to correct the deformities of the representative system.
4| 5. Misused for Durrormry, difference or diver-
sity of form ; want of uniformity or conformity.
1531-2 Latimer in Foxe A. § AM. (1563) 1331/1 Better it
were to haue a deformitie in preaching .. then to haue suche
a vniformitie that the sely people shoulde .. continue still in
still excite Informers, Non-conformers, to indite. 1882
Atlantic Monthly XLIX. 336 These literary deformers.
+ Defo-rmidable, a. Obs. rare—'. [? A mix-
ture of deformable and formidable.] Tending to
deformation.
1631 Weever Anc. Fun. Mon, Ep. to Rdr. 1 Their brasen
Inscriptions erazed, torne away, and pilfered, by which in-
humane, deformidable act, the honourable memory of many
ae ns deceased, is extinguished,
(difpimin), v2. sb. [-1NG1.] The
action of the verb Drrory, q.v.
1552 Hutoet, Deform vitiatio,
Deforming, “Ppl. a. [-1xc*.] That deforms:
‘see the verb,
«ig a 1623 Pema.e Grace & faith (xbes) The
est deformity and disagreement .. betweene his know-
ledge .. and his application thereof to tice, 1658 Sir T.
Browne Garden of Cyrus ii. 45 The Funeral bed of King
Cheops. . which holds seven in begets and four foot in bredth,
had no great defrwnity Gon. this measure. @ 1708 BeverinGE
Priv. Th. 1, (1730) 12 This Deformity to the Will and Nature
ao r that wer we = Sin. Poe Kames lem. Crit.
ed. : remarkable uniformity creatures
e i edd. daft} no less
+ Deforrmly, adv. Obs. [f. DEFoRM a. + -LY 2]
In a ‘ deform’ manner, with distortion, deformedly.
a 1684 Leicuton Serm. Habak. iii. 17, 18 (R.) A limb out
¢ joint, py i oil both tefommely and Ley a < 1734
ORTH Lives (1 . . n laughed,
visage was Py cn pat deheeiy,
€ 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxi. 141 Purged and clene of all”
DEFOUL.
Deforse, etc., obs. forms of DeForce, etc.
Defortify: see Dr- Il. 1. on
Defossion (i!irfon).' [mod.L. defossion-em,
n. of action from L. défodéve to bury (in the earth).]
(See quot.: but the etymological meaning of the
word is simply ‘ burying, interment’. Pt
Cuamsers Cycl, Supp., Defossion, fossio, 3
Pec» of Merrie cles’ dices among Soemnee
vestal virgins guilty of incontinency. [Hence in mod. Dicts.]
+ Defow'l, defoi'l, v. Oss. Forms: a. 3-5
defoule-n, 4-6 defoul(e, defowl(e, (5 defoulle,
devoul, def(f)ule, diffowl, dyffowl, 5-6 dif-
foule). 8. 4-6 defoyle, (5 defuyl(e, diffoyle,
defoylle), 5-6 defoil. See also Derite. [ME.
a. OF. defoule-r (defoler, -fuler, fuller) to ee
down, oppress, outrage, violate, deflower, f. De-I. 1
+fouler ( foler, fuler) ‘to tread, stampe, or trample
on, to bruise or crush by stamping’ Cotgr. (= Pr.
Solar, Sp. hollar, It. follare):—late L. *fullare to
stamp with the feet, to full (cloth), connected with
L. fullo, -onem fuller, med.L. fullatorium a fulling-
mill, etc. Senses 1-5 existed already in OF. ; the
senses ‘trample in the mud’, and ‘violate poornce ed
thus coming with the word into English, naturally
suggested that it contained the native adjective
Foun, OE. fil, and gave rise to senses 6-8, which
derive from ‘ foul’, as well as (apparently) to the
collateral form DeFiLE (q.v.), on the analogy of
the equivalence of defoul, defile. The phonology
of the variant defuyle, defoyle (found nearly as
early as defoule), has not been satisfactorily made
out: see Forrv. It occurs in the earlier senses,
and does not appear to have been specially con-
nected with defile.]
1. ¢rans. To trample under foot ; tread down.
a, C1290 S. i a I. 375/297 Defoulede huy [be bones]
weren so. 1297 R. Grovc. (1724) 536 Hii..orne on him
= hors, Bd —— 1 — - I Hampo.e
if ia . ‘oul on on. 1,
peer a: Mochel is defouled mid pe uet of cohenen he
robe of scarlet, erpan pet be kuen his do an. 1382 Wycuir
Matt, vii. 6 Nethir sende 3e 30ure margaritis .. bifore
swyne, lest perauenture thei defoulen hem with theire feet
[Vulg. conculcent). c1g00o Three Kings Cologne
morwe pei sizen be weye gretlich defowled with hors fete
and opir beestys. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 181 b/1 Thenne
the knyghtes .. bete & defowleden — under theyr
feet. 1574 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 66b, Wasting and de-
fouling of their grasse.
B. 1330 Arth. & Merl. 9297 Ther was defoiled King
Rion Vnder stedes fet mani on. 1470-85 Matory Arthur
1. xiv, That were fowle defoyled vnder horsfeet. am i
3erNERS Froiss. 11. xv. 30 As they rode abrode, thay e
downe and defoyled their cornes .. and wolde nat kepe the
highe wayes. :
b. absol. or intr. see
B. aE K. Alis. 2463 Me myghte y-seo ther knyghtis
defoille, Heston blede, braynes boyle, Hedes tomblen.
To bruise, break, crush (materially).
¢ 1300 Beket 1100 The bond is undo And al defouled, and
we beoth delyvred so [cf. Psalm exxiv. 7]. a1 Prose
Psalter x\v[ij. 9 He shal de-foule bowe and breke armes.
1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. P 207 He was woundid for oure
mysdede, and defouled by oure felonyes. 14.. Voc. in Wr.-
tilcker 575/12 Contero, to breke or defoule. a Lo,
Berners Huon cxxi. 433 The Gryffon so sore defowlyd and
bet hym that he could not ryse vp. :
3. To trample down or crush (figuratively) ; to
oppress; to outrage, maltreat, abuse.
randan The develen ..
St. Bi nome thane
the fur him caste. c1325 Z. Z, Addit. P. B. 1129 If folk be
defowled by vnfre chaunce. 1 Lanct. P. Pi C. xvii.
195 How ryght holy men lyueden, How thei defouleden here
B. ¢1350 Will. Palerne 4614 Alle 30ur fon pat with fors
defoy’ long. 1494 Fapyan Chron. 4 Of Danes, whiche
Loth landes defoyled By their out
(1809) 486 Perkyn ..so many times
vanquished. .
4. To violate the chastity of, deflower, debauch.
Often, esp. in later use, with the sense of defile.
a. crag0 S. Eng. Leg. I. 181/24 Woldest bov defouli mi
bodi? ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) i, Philip .. De-
foules per wyues, ber douhtres ny. bi, Per lordes slouh with
knyues. ¢1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxxi. 141 After pe first
nyght pat pase wymmen er so defouled. ¢ Loneticu
Grail xliii. 163 And for Child beryng neuere defowlid was,
but Evere Clene virgine be G gras. Caxton
G. de la Tour Cvj, Their suster that so had be depuceled
or defowled. 1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. 1, xxxvii. 51 The
Spanyerdes..pilled the towne, and slewe dyuers, and de-
fowled maydens. 1596 Datrymrte Leslie's Hist. Scot. 1.
122 Gif quha defoulis a nothir manis wyfe.
B. 1430-40 Chaucer's Franki. T. 668 (Camb. MS.) Now
Dn eT ere eal wees tools daly, SRAM 3
oti SS. with manys ct3
Hen. VII, c. 2 Women. .been..married to Yh Miledows
. or defoiled, to the great Displeasure of God.
5. To violate (laws, holy peste etc.) ; to break
the sanctity of, profane, pollute.
a. 13.. Version of Ps. \xxviii. 1 (in Wyclif’s Bible Pref.
note), Thei def yn thin temple. 1382 Wyciir
‘att. xii. 5 In sabothis prestis in the temple defoulen the
sabothis. ¢1400 Maunpevy, (1839) xii. 137 Jewes..
DEFOUL.
defouled the'Lawe, 1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 4 He hath ..
deffuled ch: eS. x — Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) i
xxxv. 29a/1 The name of our blessyd sau: pes. doynal berybly
e
dis, defouled, 1513 Dovuctas A¢ne2s x, vil.
uhilk .. Defowlit his fadderis bed incestuusly. 1614 T.
Warre Martyrd. St. George Bijb, It moued not the Tyrant
to behold The Martirs goodly body so. defowld.
B. 13-. Prose Psalter \xxviii. 1 Hij filden [Dudlin MS.
defoilyd] byn holy temple. © 5490 St. Cuthbert (Surtees)
7373 My kirke pou hase defuyled. 148x Caxton Tulle on
friendsh. Ciij, That frendship were hurte or defoylled.
r, 2 STERNHOLD & H. Ps, Ixxix, Thy temple they defoile.
. To render (materially) foul, filthy, or dirty ;
to pollute, defile, dirty.
a, c1320 R. Brunne Medit, 506 With wete and eke dung
hey hym defoule. 1402 Hoccteve Letter of Cupid 186
hat bird .. ys dyshonest .. that vseth to defoule his ovne
neste. 1530 Rastetyt Bk. Purgat. ui. viii, Yf ony of those
table clothes or napkyns be defouled with dust fylth or
other foule mater. 1576 Turserv. Venerie 100 An Hart
defowlant the water.
B. 1483 Caxton Gold, Leg. 15b/1 Thy desyrous vysage
.. the Jewes with their spyttynges have defoylled. 1528
Roy Rede me (Arb.) 113, Henns and capons Defoylynge
theym with their durt. 1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par.
Luke xxiv. 191 Not stained or defoiled. 1600 FairFAx
Tasso vit. 1x, With dust and gore defoiled.
7. fig. & To defile or pollute morally ; to corrupt.
a, @1340 HampoLe Psalter 518 Defouland his elde in
syn. — Wyciir Wks, (1880) 129 To kepe hym self
unblekkid or defoulid fro pis world. ¢1440 Hytton Scala
Perf. (W. de W. 1494) 1. lxiti, Wyth thy pryde thou defowlest
all thy good dedes, 7484 Caxton Chivalry 45 Chyualrye
..is defouled by coward men and faynt of herte. 1540
Taverner Postils, Exhort. bef. Commun., Man, which is
so much defouled & corrupt in all kynde of unryghtuous-
nes. @1555 Puitpor Exam. §& Writ, (Parker Soc.) 373 He
defouleth the whole faith of his testimony, by the falsifying
of one part.
B. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. u. ii. (1495) 29 Angels
..ben not defoyled wyth none affeccyon. cr Hy ton
Scala Perf. « de W. 1494) 1. xliii, Yf thou be defoyled
wyth vaynglory. 1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 98 Yt was
defoyled and darkyd and mysshape by synne.
To render ceremonially or sentimentally un-
clean ; to defile, sully.
¢1449 Pecock Refr. 465 To ete with hondis not wayschen
defoulith not aman, 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 141 b/1 The
mouth whyche god had kyssed ought not to efouled in
touchyng. 1611 Speep Hist. Gt. Brit. vu. xlii. § 14. 352
Must I needs defoule my self, to be his only faire foule.
ce. To sully (fame, reputation, or the like) ; to
defame.
a, c1400 Destr. Troy 2475 Your suster..pat our fame so
defoules, & is in filth holdyn. c14g0 Golagros §& Gaw. 1038
Wes I neuer yit defoullit, nor fylit in fame.
8. 1470-85 Matory Arthur 1x. xxxii, I.. am defoiled
with falshede and treason.
8. To make unsightly or ugly [cf. Foun a.], to
disfigure.
a, 1387 TrevisA Higden (Rolls) I. 389 And se be faire of
schap, bey beep defouled and i-made vnseme! ich i-now wib
here owne clopinge. 1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy u. xi, The
soyle defouled with ruyne Of walles olde.
B. 1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. vu. 1x. (1495) 276
Blaynes defoylle the skynne and maketh it vnsemely.
+ Defou'l, defoi'l, s. Ovs. Also defoule,
-fowle ; defoile. [f. Drrour v.]
1. Trampling down; oppression, outrage.
1330 Arth. & Merl. 7 (Matzn.) Ther was fighting,
ther was toile, And vnder hors knightes defoile. zd. 9191
‘Ther was swiche cark and swiche defoil. 1400 Eart or
Dunpar Le?, in C. Innes Scot. Mid. Ages ix. (1860) 263 The
wrongs & the defowle that ys done me. os Wyntoun
Cron. vill, xxvi. 54 (Jam.) Lychtlynes and succwdry Drawys
in defowle comownaly. 1563-87 Foxe A. § J. (1684) 1.
460/1 If we take this defoule and this disease in patience,
2. Defilement, pollution.
c 1325 Z. £. Allit. P. C. 290 Per no de-foule of no fylpe
watz fest hym abute. 1387 TeetiaA Higden (Rolls) I. 10g
Pat pe water. .takep no defoul, but is clene i-now. 1398
Barth. De P. R. xvu. cxxiii. (Tollem. MS.), Picche de-
foulep..and suche defoule [1535 defoylynge] is unnepe taken
awey from clope.
+ Defouled, Z//.a. Obs. [f. Derout v, +-ED.]
Defiled, polluted, corrupt.
c144o P . Parv. 116 Defowlyd, deturpatus ..fecu-
lentus, (P. dehonestatus). 1460 W. Tuorre Test. in Arb.
Garner V1. 114 Covetous simoners and defouled adulterers.
1483 Cath. Angl. 94 Defowled, maculatus, pollutus, etc.
+Defowler. Os. [f. as prec. + -ER1.] One
who defouls.
14.. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 617/34, Tritor, a defoulere.
c Bate Ferra Well 62 Pise dyffoulerys & depryueres of holy
cherche.
+ Defowling, defoi‘ling, 77. si. Ods. [f.
DEFOUL v. + -ING “ The action of the verb
DerouL: a. Trampling down; b. Violation, de-
flowering; ¢. Defiling, pollution, defilement; d.
Disfigurement,
c 1380 Wycur Se. Wks. III. 200 No comelypae perof
may askape unpeyned. 1382 — 2 Sam. xxii. 5 There han
envyround me the defoulyngis of deeth. 1398 Trevisa
Defoyllyng of
Barth, De P. R. xvit. cxxni. £495) 68
pytche is vneth taken awaye from clothe. 14.. Prose
Legends in Anglia VIII. 158 Made dule for defoylinge of
chirches, pel y Suirtey Dethe K. Fames (1818) 5 Yn
dispusellyng an dekowiyes of yong madyns. a1450 Knt.
de la Tour 23 That defoulyng of her uisage. 1483 Cath.
Angl. 94 A Defowlynge, conculcacio, pollucio, etc. 1
Stewart Cron. Scot. U1. 124 For the defoulling of his
dochter deir. 1548 Hatt Chron. 247 b, The bytyng of her
tethe. .defoulynge of her tayle.
ound, var. of DerunD v. Obs.
143
Defourme, obs. form of DEFoRM.
+ Defrau'd, sd. Obs. [f. Derravup v., after
FRAuD sd.]_ = DEFRAUDATION.
01440 Yacol’s Weill iii. (E. E.T. S.) 21 po arn acursyd, bat
«.3yuen awey here good. .in defraude of here wyves & chyl-
deryn. 1493 Sc. Acts Fas. IV (1597) § 85 For the defraud
done to our Soveraine Lorde in his customes be strangers.
1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 22 Preamb., Their subtill ymagyn-
acion in defraude of the seid estatutes. 1581 Sc. Acts
Fas. VI (1597) § 117 Anent .. Alienationes maid in defraud
of Creditoures, 1800 7rans. Soc. Encourag. Arts XVIII.
216 Without. .being liable to the. .defrauds of the miller.
Defraud (difrg-d), v. [a. OF. defrauder (des-,
def-, dif-), 14th c. in Godef., ad. L. défraudare, f.
De- I. 3 + fraudare to cheat, f. fraus, fraud-em,
deceit, Fraup.]
1. To deprive (a person) by fraud of what is his
by right, either by fraudulently taking or by dis-
honestly withholding it from him ; to cheat, cozen,
beguile. Const. of (t/from).
1362 Lanai, P. Pl. A. vit. 71 He pat beggep.. bote he
habbe neode. .defraudep be neodi. 14.. Epzph. in Vundale's
Vis. (1843) 104 They. .thanked God with all her hartis furst
Whech hathe not defrawded hem of her lust. 1474 Caxton
Chesse 98 ‘Yo defraude the begiler is no fraude. 1555
Epen Decades 39 He had .. defrauded the kynge of his
portion. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 77av. 46 ‘This poore Citie,
was defrauded of her hopes. /é7d. 217, I will a little de-
fraude the Reader from concluding with a few lines touch-
ing the first Discoverer. 1752 JoHNsoN Rambler No. 199
? 7 To defraud any man of his due praise is unworthy of
a philosopher. 1838 Emerson Addr. Camd., Mass, Wks.
(Bohn) II. 198 Whenever the pulpit is usurped by a formalist,
then is the worshipper defrauded. 1880 E. Kirke Garfield
39 We who defraud four million citizens of their rights.
+b. with direct and indirect object. Ods.
1382 Wycur Luke xix. 8 If I haue ony thing defraudid
ony man I 3elde the fourefold. 1600 HoLtanp Livy iv. xii.
148 Defrauding servants a portion of their daily food. 1670
Mitton Hist. Brit. vi. Harold, Harold .. defrauded his
soldiers their due. .share of the spoils.
e. absol. To act with or employ fraud.
1382 Wycur 1 Cor. vi. 8 3e don wrong and defrauden
(1388 doen fraude] or bigilen and that to britheren. 16x41
Bisce Mark x. 19 Doe not beare false witnesse, Defraud
not. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 102 If he is the trustee
of an orphan, and has the power to defraud.
2. fig. To deprive or cheat (a thing) of what is
due to it; to withhold fraudulently. avch. or Obs.
1497 Br. Atcock Mons Perfect. Dj/3 Vhey selle Cryst
& defraudeth theyr relygyon. 1559 Br. Cox in Strype Azz.
Ref. 1, vi. 98 They defrauded the payment of tithes and
firstfruits, 1660 BoyLe Seraph. Love 26 Where a direct
and immediate expression of love to God defrauds not any
other Duty. 1764 Gotpsm. Trav. 277 Here beggar pride de-
frauds her daily cheer, To boast one splendid banquet once
a year. a1805 Patry (in Webster 1828), By the duties
deserted... by the claims defrauded.
Hence Defrau‘ding v/. sd,
1548 Unatt, etc. Erasm. Par. 1 Cor. vii. (R.\, To denye
this right yf eyther of bothe aske it, isa defraudyng. 1651
Hosses Leviath, u. xxvii. 160 The robbing, or defrauding
of a Private man. 1659 GaupEN Tears of Ch. 235 Few do
pay them without delayings, defalkings, and defraudings.
Defrauda‘tion. [a. OF. defraudation, -acion
(13-14th c. in Godef.), ad. L. défraudation-em, n.
of action from défraudaére to DEFRAUD.] The
action (or an act) of defrauding; fraudulent de-
privation of property or rights; cheating.
1502 ARNOLDE Chron. (1811) 286 The sayd cardynal. .por-
chased hymself in gret deffraudacion of your Hyghnes, a
charter of pardon. 1601-2 FuLBECKE 2d P?. Parall. 23b,
Here is no defraudation of the Law. 1646 Sir T. Browne
Pseud. Ep. 1. iii, 11 Deluding not onely unto pecuniary de-
fraudations, but the irreparable deceit of death. a1716
BLacKaLL Wks. (1723) I. 190 By such Defraudation we be-
come Accessaries, etc. 1886 H. D. Trai, Shaftesbury 19
This defraudation of personal and constitutional rights.
Defrau‘der. [f. Derraup v.+-ER1: perh.a.
OF. defraudeor, -eur, ad. L. défraudator-em.]
One who defrauds, one who fraudulently withholds
or takes what belongs to another.
1552 Asp. Hamitton Catech, (1884) 10 Defraudaris of
waigis fra servandis or labouraris. 1651 Relig. Wotton.
257 (R.) Decrees against defrauders of the
1754 RicHarpson Grandison (1766) V. 6 ho would not
rather be the sufferer than the defender? 1878 NV. Amer.
Rev, CXXVII. 287 A defrauder of the revenue.
Defrau‘dful, ¢. Ofs. vare—1. [f. Derraup
+ -FUL; cf. assistful, etc.) Full of fraud; cheat-
ing, cozening.
c1585 Faire Em u. 402 That with thy cunning and de-
fraudful tongue Seeks to delude the honest-meaning mind !
Defrau'dment. ? Ods. [f. Derraup v, +
“MENT: perh. a. OF. defraudement, ‘a defrauding,
deceiuing, beguiling’ (Cotgr.).] The action of
defrauding ; deprivation by fraud.
1645 Mitton Coast. Wks. (1851) 352 Perpetual defraud-
ments of truest conjugal society. 479" Bentuam Draught
of Code Wks. 1843 IV. 402 ote, Offences..comprised under
ename of felonies: theft, defraud robbery, homicid
+ Defray’, sd. Ols. rare—', [f. Derray v.!:
cf. OF. desfrot, deffray, defrat, f. desfrayer: see
next.]_Defrayal.
1615 CHarmaNn Odyss. xtv. 730 Thou..shalt not need, Or
coat, or other thing .. for defray Of this night’s need.
fray, error for desray, DERAY.
fray (dirt), v.1 Also 6 defraie, deffray,
7 defraye. [a. F. défraye-r, in 14th c. deffroter,
ublick chests.
DEFRAYMENT.
15th c. deffroyer, 16th c. desfrayer, f. des-, de- (DE-
I. 3, 6 + OF. fraier, freier, froyer to spend, incur
expense, f. /raz, in 14th c. frazt, pl. frazs, 13th c.
Sres, expenses, charges, cost.]
+1. To pay out, expend, spend, disburse (money).
1543-4 Act 35 Hen. VIII, c. 12 Inestimable summes of
treasure, to be employed and defrayed about the same.
c15s5 Harpsriecp Divorce Hen. VI/T (1878) 241 There is
emption and vendition contracted as soon as the parties be
condescended upon the price, though there be no money
presently defrayed. 1600 HoLtanp Livy xxx1x. v. 1026 The
Senate permitted Fulvius to deffray (éapenderet) what he
would himselfe, so as hee exceeded not the summe of 80000
[Asses]. _@ 1610 Hratey tr. Zfictetus’ Man, xxxii. (1636)
43 Nor hast thou defrayed the price that the banquet is
sold for: namely praise, and flatterie. 1613 R. C. Zable
a i (ed. 3), De/raye, lay out, pay, discharge.
. To discharge (the expense or cost of anything)
by payment ; to pay, meet, settle.
1570-6 LamBarDE Peramb. Kent (1826) 110 The King
shall defray the wages. 1587 in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1.
III. 130 The College cannot possibly defray its ordinary
expenses without some other help, over and beyond the
ordinary revenues. 1639 Futter //oly War tv. xiii. (1840)
202 Meladin. .offered the Christians. .a great sum of money
to defray their charges. 1745 in Col. Rec. Penn. V. 6 Yo
draw Bills for defraying the Expence. 1838 ‘THirLWALL
Greece Il. 208 The cost of the expedition to Naxos he
pledged himself to defray. 1868 Freeman Norv. Cong.
ae II. ix. oq The payment was defrayed out of the spoils.
”.
. Jig.
1580 Sipney Arcadia (1674) 328 With the death of some
one striving to defray every drop of his blood. 1590 SPENSER
i. Q. 1. v. 42 Can Night defray The wrath of thundring
Joue. 1596 /did. Iv. v. 31 Nought but dire revenge his
anger mote defray.
3. To mect the expense of ; to bear the charge of ;
pay for. Now rare or arch.
1581 LamparDe £7rex. iv. xxi. (1588) 623 To bestowe the
whole allowance upon the defraying of their common diet.
1587 FLeminc Contnu. Holinshed M11. 1371/2 The enterprise
..to be defraied by the pope and king of Spaine. c 1645,
Howe Le??. 1. 1. xi, It serv’d to defray the expenceful
Progress he made to Scotland the Summer following. 1830
De Quincey Bentley Wks. VII. 64 A poor exchequer for
defraying a war upon Bentley. 1859 C. Barker Assoc.
Princ. il. 51 The estate of the defunct member was not
sufficient to defray his funeral.
+4. To pay the charges or expenses of (a per-
son) ; to reimburse; to entertain free of charge.
1580 SipNEY Arcadia 1. (1590) 5 Defraying the mariners
with a ring bestowed upon them. 1607 Sir E. Hosy in Ellis
Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. 111.87 He..would not land at Dover till
he had indented with Sir Thomas Waller that he should be
defrayed during his aboad. @ 1626 Bacon New A?Z. (1650)
The State will defray you all the time you stay. 1686 I.
PENCE tr. Varillas’ Ho. Medict 44 ‘The Pitti’s were de-
fray’d at Venice at the public cost. 1724 Dre For Alem.
Cavalier (1860) 80 A warrant to defray me, my horses and
servants at the King’s charge. 1858 CarLyLe Freak. Ct.
I. tv. iv. 424 Such a man [Czar Peter] is to be royally
defrayed while with us; yet one would wish it done cheap.
Hence Defray'ing vd/. sb.
1587 R. Hovenpen in Hearne Cod/ect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I.
195 The defraieinge of our .. expences. _ 1632 Litucow
Trav. 1x. 387 Disbursed. .for. .high-wayes, Lords pensions,
and other defrayings. 1651 Hoppers Leviath. 1v. xliv. 336
The defraying ofall publique charges. 1783 A1InswortH Lat.
Dict. (Morell) 1, A defraying, pecuniz erogatio.
+ Defray’,v.2_ Obs. [app. a. OF. *des-, defrater,
f. des-, de- (DE- II. 3, 6) + freter, froter, frater to
tub, rub off, Fray:—L. fricadre to rub.) ¢rans.
? To rub off or away.
1532 R. Bowyer in Strype Eccl. Mem. I. xvii. 135 He
intendeth not to infringe, annul, derogate, defray or minish
anything of the popes authority.
efrayable (difréi-Ab’l), a. [f. DEFRay v.! +
-ABLE.] Liable to be defrayed, payable.
1886 Manch. Exam. 25 Mar. 5/2 Defrayable out of local
contributions.
Defrayal (difret-al). [f. Derray v.! + -ax.]
The action of defraying ; defrayment.
1820 Examiner No. 648. 577/2 [He] expects nothing but
the defrayal of his expenses. 1883 W. E. Norris Vo New
Thing U1, xiii. 3 Her share..was confined to the defrayal of
its cost.
Defray‘er. [f. Drrray v. +-ER1: cf. obs. F.
defrayeur in Cotgr. 1611.] One who defrays or
discharges a monetary obligation ; a payer of ex-
penses.
1580 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 273 The Registers and Records
kept of the defrayers of the charges of common Plays. 1755
Jounson, Defrayer, one that discharges expences.
Defrayment (dtfré'mént). [a. OF. deffraye-
ment (desfrotement), f. deffrayer to DEFRAY: see
-MENT.] The action or fact of defraying: +a.
Expenditure. Obs. b. Payment of expenses or
charges, discharge of pecuniary obligations.
1547 Privy Council Acts (1890) I1. 135 Mmm... .towardes
defrayment of the charges of his Majeste. 1579 FENTON
Guicciard. 1x. (1599) 388 To pay within a certaine time for
all defrayments, twentie thousand duckets, 1611 SpeeD
Hist. Great Brit, 1x. xiii. § 85 [To pay ..] toward the
defraiment of the Dukes huge charges. 1620 SHELTON
Quix. 1.7 (T.) Let the traitor pay, with his life’s defray-
ment, that which he attempted with so lascivious a desire.
1656 Eart Monm. Advt. fr. Parnass. 354 If we were not
fed by the free defrayment of our Cornucopia. 1762 tr.
Backing’ Syst. Geog. V. 541 Applied for the defrayment
of the electoral council colleges. ms Sen C.S. C, Bowen
in Law Reports 13 Q. Bench Div. 91 Part of the disburse-
ments consisted in the defrayment of these expenses.
DEFREIGHT.
+ Defrei'g
ht, v. Obs. rvare—'. [f. De- Il. 1
or 2 + Freiaut: cf. disload, disburden.] trans.
To relieve of freight or cargo ; to unload.
1555 Even Decades 212 The port or hauen is so commo-
dious to defraight or vnlade shyppes.
+ Defrenate, te, v. Obs. Surg.
Uf ppl. stem of L. défrénare to unbridle; f. Dr- I.
+frenum, frenum bridle, curb, ligament.) To
remove a frzenum or restraining ligament.
1758 J.S. Le Dran’s Observ. Surg. (1771) 92 To defrenate
the Aponeurosis. /did. 278, I had. .defraenated the Sinus’s
and scarified the Sides of the Fistula. pd
Defrica‘tion. vave. [ad. L. défrication-em,
n. of action f. L. défricdre to rub off, rub down.]
Rubbing, rubbing off.
1727 in Baitey vol. II; and in some mod. Dicts.
Defrock (difrp'k), v. [a. F. défroquer, in 15th
c. deffr-, f. des-, d& (De- I. 6) + frogue Frock.
Cf. DisFrocK.] ¢rans. To deprive of the priestly
garb; to unfrock. Hence Defrocked (d/frp'kt) Af/.a.
1581 J. Hamitton Facile Traict. (1600) 440 This defrokit
frere .. mariet a zoung las of xv zearis auld. 1891 Zadlet
21 Feb. 294 The eloquent defrocked have denounced .. the
vows which they failed to keep.
+ Defroy'sse, v. Obs. [a. OF. defroissier (des-,
def-), f. des-, dé- (DE- 1. 6) + froissier, frozsser to
rub violently, bruise, crush:—L. type */rictiare,
deriv. of frict-us rubbed, pa. pple. of /ricare.]
trans. To crush to pieces.
1480 Caxton Ovid's Met. x1. xix, The wawes defroyssed
and al [to] brake the sterne and other garnysshyng.
frut. Obs. rare— 1. [ad. L. defrutum must
boiled down.] Must boiled down.
c 1420 Pallad. on Hush. xi. 484 Defrut, carene, & sape in
oon manere Of must is made.
Deft (deft), z. Also 3-5 defte. [app. a doublet
of Dart, repr. OE. geda/te, for zedge fre, mild, gentle,
meek, from stem dad- in Gothic gadaban to be-
come, befit: cf. OE. gedwfen becoming, fit, suitable.]
+1. Gentle, meek, humble; =Darri. Ods. rare.
c1220 Bestiary 36 Dat defte meiden, Marie bi name De
him bar to manne frame.
2. Apt, skilful, dexterous, clever or neat in
action.
©1440 York Myst. i. 92, I sall be lyke vnto hym pat es
hyeste on heyhte ; Owe! what I am derworth and defte.
1sgz G. Harvey Jour Lett. 57 Whether the Deft writer
be as sure a workeman as the neat Taylor. 1598 CHAPMAN
/liad 1. 580 A laughter never left Shook all the blessed
deities, to see the lame so deft At that cup service. 1601
B. Jonson Poetaster vy. iii, Well said, my divine, deft
Horace. 1607 Lingua ut. v.in Hazl. Dodsley IX. 394 Their
knowledge is only of things present, quickly sublimed with
the deft file of time. 1855 Ropinson Wiitby Gloss., Deft,
neat, clever. ‘She is a deft hand with a needle.’ 1863 Geo.
Euiot Romo/la 1. ix, Smitten and buffeted because he was
not deft and active. 1864 CartyLe Fred. Gt. IV. xu. xi.
254 A cunning little wretch, they say, and of deft tongue.
. Of actions: Showing skill or dexterity in
execution.
1647 H. More Philos. Poems, Oracle 90 Break off this |
musick, and deft seemly Round. 1714 Gay Sheph. Week
i. 56 The wanton Calf may skip with many a Bound, And
my Cur Tray play deftest Feats around. 1853 C. Bronte
Villette i, The creature .. made a deft attempt to fold the
shawl. 1878 H. S. Witson A/p. Ascents iii. 97 With deft
blows of the untiring axe. ;
+. transf. Of a metal: Apt for working, easily
wrought. Ods.
1683 Phil. Trans. XIII. 193 How to make brittle gold
deft and fit to be wrought.
3. Neat, tidy, trim, spruce; handsome, pretty.
Still dal,
{The sense ‘neat in action’ (see 2) ba soo to have passed
into ‘neat in person’. Cf. similar developments, under
buxom, canny, clever, handsome, tidy, and other adjectives
expressing personal praise.
1579, 1589 [see Derry 2]. 1600 Heyvwoop 1 Edw. /V
Wks. 1874 I. 83 By the messe, a deft lass! Christs benison
light on her. 1600 Hottanp Livy tv. xliv. 168 In her raiment
. not so deft [sc’te] as devout..her garments rather sainctly
than sightly. 16x Cotcr., Gres/et .. little, ttie, deft,
smallish, 1622 Row.anps Good Newes 20 Shee came to
London very neat and deft, To seeke preferment. ie
Ray N.C. Words 20 De/?, little and pretty, or neat. A Deft
man or thing. It is a word of general use all England
over. 7g ¥. Hutton Jour Caves Gloss., Deft, pretty,
agreeable. 1788 W. Marsuatt £. Yorksh. Gl Deft,
neat, pretty, hand 1873 Swaledale Gloss., Det, neat,
pretty.
4. Quiet. Cf. Derriy 3. Still dad.
1763 Byrom Careless Content (R.), Or if ye ween, for
worldly stirs, That man does right to mar his rest, Let me
be deft, and debonair, I am content, I do not care. 1878
Cumbrid. Gloss. (Central), Deft, quiet, silent.
+5. Stupid; =Darr 2. Ods,-°
c 1440 Promp. Parv. 116 Defte [v. x. deft] or dulle, obtusus,
agrestis.
6. quasi adv. Deftly.
1805 Scorr Last Minstr.1. xv, Merry elves their morrice
pacing..Trip it deft and merrily.
7. Comb., as deftfingered, -handed.
1860 W. J. C. Muir Pagan or Christian ? 36 Being deft-
po ag A o m4 biol in eed. time bape oe She die in
their ee Own Pa, ug. e not
Smet
Deftly (de'ftli), adv. Also 6-8 defily, 7 defly,
deaftly. [f. Derr+-ty2,] Ina deft manner.
1. Aptly, skilfully, cleverly, dexterously, nimbly.
144.
1856 R.A. Vaucuan Mystics (1860) II. 97
threadwork of the tissues. é
2. Neatly, tidily, trimly; prettily, handsomely.
Still dial.
1579 G. Given tr. Marnix's Beehive Rom. Ch. Z5(N.)
Delily deck’d with all costly jewels, like puppets. 1589
Pasquil’s Ret. B iij b, Verie defflie set out, with Pompes,
Pagents, Motions..Impreases. 1847 J. Witson Chr. North
(1857) II. 4 Deftly arrayed in home-spun drapery. 1859
Hevps Friends in C. Ser. 1. I. i. 6 The grass which deftly
covers without hiding. A
3. Softly, gently, quietly. dza/.
1787 Grose Prov. Gloss., Deftly, softly, leisurely. 1802
Worpsw. Stanzas, ‘ Within our happy Castle’ 58 A pipe on
which the wind would deftly play. 1869 Lonsdale Gloss.,
Deftly, quietly, softly. 1873 Swaledale Gloss., Deftly,
neatly, gently, softly, orderly: see Cannily.
Deftness (de'ftnés). [-NESs.]
+1. Neatness, trimness. Ods. or dial.
1612 Drayton Poly-olb. ii. FR By her, two little Iles, her
handmaids (which compar'd ith those within the Poole
for deftness not out-dar'd). :
2. The quality of being deft, cleverness, dexterity,
neatness of action.
1853 Miss E. S. Suepparp C. Auchester 1. 316 He assisted
me .. with that assiduous deftness which pre-eminently dis-
tinguishes the instrumental artist. 1868 Sat. Rez. 13 June
777/1 They can neither tie a string nor fasten a button with
ordinary deftness. ee
+ Defude, v. Obs. rare. [perh. misprint for
defiide = defunde, £. L. defundére.]_ To pour off.
1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 29/2 Then defude
the wyne from the Spices, and distille the same.
Defule, obs. var. of DEFOUL v.
Defull: see DEEFUL.
+ Defulmina‘tion. Os. vare—'. [f. De- 1.
1 + FULMINATION.] The sending down of thunder-
bolts.
1615 T. Apams Sfir. Navig. 21 He is not only as manacles
to the hands of God to hold them from the defulmination
of judgement.
Defunct (difenkt), a. and sb. [ad. L. dfunct-
us discharged, deceased, dead, pa. pple. of dé/ungiz
to discharge, have done with, f. DE- I. 6 +/ungi to
perform, discharge (duty). Perh. immed. a. F. de-
deftly-woven
| funct (Cotgr. 1611), now défunt.]
A. adj, Having ceased to live; deceased, dead.
[1398 ‘T'revisa Barth. De P. R. v1. ii. (1495) 187 A deed
body is callyd Defunctus, for he hath lefte the offyce of lyfe.}
1599 Suaxs, /fex. V, tv. i. 21 The Organs, though defunct
and dead before, Breake vp their drowsie Graue. 160:
Jas. Lin Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. III. 65 To do that and a
other honnor that we may unto the Queene defunct. 1605
Bacon Adv. Learn. u. x. § 5. 42 The anatomy is of a defunct
patient. 1694 Lond. Gaz. No. 2981/3 Two defunct Knights
of the Order. 1828 Scotr /. M. Perth xx, Now, Simon
.. what was the purport of the defunct Oliver Proudfute's
discourse with you? 1872 Baker Nile Tribut. xx. 341 The
stock in trade of a defunct doctor. :
b. fig. No longer in existence ; having ceased
its functions ; dead, extinct.
1741 Love of Fame (ed. 2 74 Defunct by Phoebus’ laws,
beyond redress. 1809-10 Coteripce Friend (ed. 3) II. 20
This ghost of a defunct absurdity. 1834 Mepwin Angler in
Wales 1. 24 It appeared, some months ago, in a defunct
sage 1878 Stewart & Tarr Unseen Unit, iii. § 115
ue to the crashing together of defunct suns. -
B. sb. The defunct: the deceased; hence, with
pl. (rare), one who is dead, a dead
1548 Hatt Chron. Hen. VIII, an. 1 (R.) The
said defunct [the late kyng] was brought .. into the great
chamber, 1611 Suaks. Cymd. tv. ii. 358 Nature doth abbosre
to make his bed With the defunct, or a upon the dead,
1663 Woop Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 479 The . . hors-litter. .
where was the defunct, drawne bysix horses. 1715 M. Davies
Ath. Brit. 1. is Those two t a Defuncts.
1771 SmotLetr Humph. Cl. i 5) 217 Knavish priests, who
hem that the devil could have no power over the de-
unct, if he was interred in holy ground. 1828 Lanpor
Imag. Convers. 111. 392 Indifferent whether the with
= ~ —- — ier ae = the eres be quick or slow.
1839-40 W. Irvine Wolfert’s R. (1855) 251 Accosting a ser-
vant .. he demanded the name mH the defunct. 7888 I. om
Lear Poe isition 1. 391 A ing five
functs.
Defunction a rare.
of the
will be entirely .. dissipated before the body visibly decays.
1859 Puncha Jaly8/2 jbnoxious p ’s defunction
Defu'nctionalize, v. [Dr- Il. 1.] “vans. To
deprive of function or office.
aby Cours Fur Anim. i. 12 Back w lar defunc-
tionalized'as a ‘sectorial’ tooth. /#id. xi. 325 The sectorial
teeth are defunctionalized as such.
DEFY.
+ Defu'nctive, «2. Ods.rare—". [f. L. dafunct-
ppl. stem (see DEFUNCT) +-IVE.] Of or pertaining
poy ay alles "urtle 14 Let the
Phani - rot ;
white, That dehenrtive mesic can, Be the dendhdtreing
s. [-NESS.] The state of bei
defunct ; extinctness. heine
1883 Wricnt Dogmatic Scept. 7 This gave scepticism its
crowning emancipation, finally ientiog , miraculous into
everlasting defunctness.
+ Defu'nd, v. Obs. rare. Also 6 defound.
[ad. L. défundére (or its OF. repr. defondre, des-,
def-), £. Du- 1.1 +fundére to pour. See also Dir-
FUND.] ¢rans. To pour down.
3513 UGLAS Aineis 1x. viii. 4 The son scheyn Begouth
defund [v.7. defound] hys bemys on the greyn. /did. xu.
Prol. 41 Fvrth. .ischyt Phebus Deft dand [v.7. defoundand
from hys sege etheriall Glaid influent aspectis celicall.
Defuse, -ed, -edly, Defusion, -ive, obs. ff.
DIFFUSE, etc.
+ Defu'st, v. Obs. rare—°. [ad. med.L. dz
(1644
JSustare (Du Cange), f. Dr- + fustis cudgel.]
ot J Cocxeram, Defust, to cudgle, or beat one.
Vindex Anglicus 5 How ridiculous ..is the merchandise
they seeke to sell for currant. Let me afford you a few ex-
amples .. Read and censure. Adpfugne, Algate, Daffe ..
Defust, Depex .. Contrast, Catillate, etc.)
+ Defy’, 5. Obs. [a. F. défi, earlier defy
(15th c. in Littré), f. deffi-er, defi-er to Dery.]
Declaration of defiance ; challenge to fight.
1580 Sipney Arcadia (1622) 272 Hee .. because he found
Amphialus was inflexible, wrote his defie vnto him in this
maner. 1600 Fairrax Jasso vi. xx,Arme you, my Lord, he
said, your bold defies By your braue foes accepted boldly
beene. 1612 Bacon Charge touching Duels, en he had
himself given the lie and defy tothe Emperor. 1645 Evetyn
Diary (1827) 1. 279 There had been in the morning a tour-
nament of severall young gentlemen on a formal defy. 1700
Drvven Pal. & Arc. 1856 At this the challenger with fierce
defie His trumpet sounds: the challeng’d makes reply.
ar Nortn Exam. 1. ii. § 75 (1740) 69 at becomes of
his Grace's improper Defy to them?
Defy (dtfai’), v.1 Forms: 4-6 defye, 4-7 -fie,
5~- defy, (also 4 defyghe, 4-5 deffie, -fye, dify,
diffie, -fy(e, dyffy(e). ge a. OF. des-, def-,
defier (mod.¥. défier) = Pr. desfiar, desfizar, It.
disfidare, diffidare, med.L. diffidare (Du Cange) :—
Rom. *disfidare, f. Dis- privative + */7dare to trust,
give faith to (f. L. fidus faithful). The sense-
development appears to have been ‘to renounce
faith, alliance, or amity with, declare hostility
against, challenge to fight’; the later sense ‘ dis-
trust ’ found in modern F., and occasionally in Eng.,
is, according to Darmesteter, perh. taken over from
L. diffidére to distrust, of which the OF. repr. was
difier : see sense 7.]
+1. ¢rans. To renounce faith, allegiance, or
affiance to (any one); to declare hostilities or war
against ; to send a declaration of defiance to. Ods.
¢ 1300 K. Alis. 7201 Pors .. saide .. Yeldith him my feute
I no kepe with him have no lewte. Syggith him Y him de-
ith sweord and with chyvalrye | Of him more holde
nulle. cr, R. Brunne C . (810) 46 Edmunde bi
messengers erle he diffies. c1450 Merlin 70 He hym
diffied at the ende of xl dayes, he seide he sholde —
diffende yef he myght. 1568 Grarton Chron, IL. 228
King sent other Amb dors .. to him ; and that
if he would not be otherwise advised, then the king gave
them full authoritie to defye him. 1885 C. Piummer
Fortescue's Abs. & Lim. Mon, 258 oye Douglas .. defied
the king [of Scotland], and offered his homage to the King
of England. :
+b. To repudiate, disavow. Obs.
1386 Cuaucer An's, 7’. 746, 1 defye the seurete and the
bor Which that thou seist pat I haue maad to thee.
2. To challenge to combat or battle. arch.
¢ 1380 Sir Ferumd. 655 If pov art to fizte bold com on y
diffye! 1470-85 Matory Arthur xu. xv, Tho knyghtes in
fyghe,
the Castel defyen yow. 1595 Suaxs. Yohn ni. i. 406 Defie
each other, and pell-mell Mike worke our selues, for
heauen or hell. Mitton /. L. 1. 2 ’ infernal Serpent
+ Who durst defie th’ Omnipotent to Arms. x RicHarp-
son Grandison 1, xxxix. 291 A man who defies his fellow-
creature into the field, in a private quarrel, must first defy
his God. 1870 Bryant /Zfad I. 11. 102 Go now, Defy him to
the combat once again.
+b. intr. To utter defiance. Obs.
¢ 1400 Rowland § O. 449 Appon sir Rowlande he gan defy
With a full hawtayne steven.
3. trans. To challenge to a contest or trial of
skill ; esp. to challenge to do (what the challenger
is pig to maintain cannot be done). Const.
zo and inf.
1674 Brevint Saul at Endor 366, I defie all the Roman
Preachers to say anything to justifie what be: Se upon this
account. 1697 Drypen oe. Cay 1. 773 Groom his
Fellow-Groom at Buts de! 1770 Funius Lett. xxxvii.
181, I the most subtile lawyer in this country to point
i i exceeded the truth.
184 on Voy Nat eGtss pha phen at firs
WIN . . 1 art, one t
da Mi pt, bie het ng te i for Bport. 1887
Bowen Virg. Aineid v1. 171 In wild ing the Ocean
Gods to compete.
4. To challenge the power of ; to set at defiance ;
to resist boldly or openly ; to set at nought.
1 Lanet. P. Pi. he asta ly...
Deed {C. xxi. 66 Defieden] al falsenesse and folke pat hit
——
JSrane’s Cirurg, 222 If
DEFY.
vsed. ¢ sg Cuaucer Sompn. 7. 220 For hir lewednesse
I hem diftye. 1393 Gower Conf III. 311 Ha, thou fortune,
I the defie, Now hast thou do to me thy werst. 1530 Patscr.
515/2, I diffye, I set at naught. 1670 DryDeN Cong. Granada
1. i, From my walls I defie the Powr’s of Spain. 1717 ‘T. Tup-
way in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. u. IV. 313 Witha thousand other
insolent speeches defying the Vice-Chancellor and Heads.
1857 Maurice £f. St. Yohn xiv. 224 The Apostles could not
defy the witness of the conscience.
b. Said of things: To resist completely, be
beyond the power of.
171s tr. Pancirollus’ Rerum Mem. 1. u. xix. 116 It
[Naphtha]. .defies to be quench’d by any Moisture whatever.
1794 Mrs. Ravcurre Myst. Udolpho xv, Others seemed to
dete all description, 1838 Tuirtwat Greece ILI. xx. 125
The fortress defied their attacks. 1871 Mortey Voltaire
(1886) 242 Holiness, deepest of all the words that defy defi-
nition.
+5. To set at nought; to reject, renounce, de-
spise, disdain, revolt at. Ods.
c1320 R. Brunne Med. 743 Y haue be skurged, scorned
dyffyed, Wounded, angred, and crucyfyed. c 1440 Promp.
Parv. 115 Dyffyyn, or vtterly dyspysyn, vilipendo. 1484
Caxton Curiall g Certes, brother, thou demandest that
whyche thou oughtest todeffye. 1537 TurNERO/deLearnyng
To Rdr., Some ther be that do defye All that is newe, and
ever do crye The old is better, away with the newe. 1549
Otve Erasm. Par. Thess. 4, 1 defie all thinges in com-
arison of the gospel of Christ. 1600 SuHaxs, A. Y. L
pil. 2x If I were a Woman, I would kisse as many of you
as had.. breaths that I defi’de not. x60x Downf. Earl
Huntington v. in Hazl. Dodsley VIII. 199 No, Iohn, I
defy To stain my old hands in thy youthful blood. 1727-38
Gay Fadles 1. xxvi, 17 He next the mastiff’s honour try'd,
Whose honest jaws the bribe defy’d.
6. ? To reprobate; to curse. Ods.
©1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 95 Hise deedli synnis he gan
to ache: I Hau rap teted 2b, The faire damoselles
defied that daie [at Agincourt] in the whiche thei had lost
their paramors, ;
+7. intr. To have or manifest want of faith ; to
have distrust of. Ods. [OF. difier de, 12th c. in
Hatzf.]
¢ 1380 Wycuir lks. (1880) 479 He were a fool out of
bileue pat diffiede heere of Cristis help. r1g02 Ord. Crysten
Men (W. de W. 1506) 11. xviii. 136 We sholde defye aboue
all of our strength & our merytes. 1613 R. C. Zable Alph.
(ed. 3), Defie, distrust.
+ , v2 Obs. Forms: 4-6 defye, 4-5
defie, deffye, 5 dyffye, difye, defy, defyyn.
{The word has all the appearance of being of F. origin, but
no equivalent OF, defer has yet been recorded, nor is it
clear what the etymology of such a form would be. Phono-
logically, it might answer to L. défecdre, défécare (see Dr-
FECATE); but the sense offers difficulties. It has been sug-
gested, however, that if x b were the starting-point, it might
conceivably answer to a late L. défecdre stomachum (cf.
dissolveré stomachum Pliny). But the sense-development
remains uncertain, and the order here followed is provi-
sional, It may be that ‘dissolve’ was the primary sense.]
1. trans. To digest (food). Said of a person,
of the stomach or other organ, of nature, a sol-
vent, etc.
1362 Lanct. P. Pi. A. Prol. 108 Good wyn of Gaskoyne
And wyn of Oseye, Of Ruyn and of Rochel pe Rost to
defye. 1377 /did. B. xut. 404 More mete ete and dronke
pen kende mi3t defie. did. B. xv. 63 Hony is yuel to
bat an 1382 Wycuir 1 Samz. xxv. 37 Whanne Naabal hadde
defied the wyn [Vulg. digessisset]. 1393 Gower Con/. III.
25 My stomack may it nought defie. c1400 Lanfranc's
Cirurg. 240 If .. pe patient mai not wel defie his mete,
©1440 Promp. Parv, 115 Defyyn’mete or drynke, digero.
1542 Boorpe Dyetary ix. (1870) 250 The lyuer .. can not
truely decocte, defye ne dygest the superabundaunce of
meate & drynke the whiche is in the stomacke,
b. To defy the stomach, a person ; to digest the
stomach; see DicEst v.
1393 Gower Conf, III. 41 Nero than .. slough hem, for he
wolde se The whose stomack was best defied. And whan
he hath the sothe tried, He found that he, which goth the
pas, Defied best of alle was. ?c 1475 Sgr. lowe Degre 761
Ye shall have rumney and malmesyne..Rochell, The reed
your stomake to defye,
2. intr. Of food: To undergo digestion, to digest.
¢ 1315 SHOREHAM 28 Ac [hyt). .defith nau3t ase thy mete...
Nabyd hy3t nau3t ase other mete Hys tyme of defyynge.
1362 Lanai. P. P/. A. v. 219 For hungur as for Furst I
make myne A-you, Schal neuer fysch on Fridai defyen in
my mawe.
3. trans. To make ready by a process likened to
digestion, to ‘ concoct’.
€1380 Wyctir Serm. xxxiii. Sel. Wks. I. 88 Water .. is
drawen in to be vine tree and sip in to pe grapis, and by
tyme defyed til pat it be wyn. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De
P. R,1W, vii, (Tollem, MS.), It is seyde pat yf blood is wel
sode and defied, berof men makeb wel talow, cx400 Lan-
a drawist out pe matere pat is
neische pe matere pat is is yvel to defie,
b. To dissolve, waste by dissolution.
1393 Gower Conf. ae Pilke ymage Thei drowen out and
als so faste Fer into Tibre bei it caste, Wher be riuere it hab
defied. c 1490 Lypa. Bochas vi. xv. (1554) 162 b, The honde,
the head .. Were... Upon a stake set vp .. There to abyde
where it did shyne or reyne With wynde and wether til o-
wer defyed,
Cc. 2ntr,
©1420 Pallad. on Husb. 111. 1160 (Fitz. MS.) The mirtes
baies ee -hit is to take And honge hem in pat Ra wessell
ywrie cloos & long in hit let hem defie,
4. To defy out: to eject as excrement; to void.
I Wycur Deut, xxiii, 13 Whanne thow sittist, thow
shalt delue bi enuyrown, and the defied out thow shalt
couer with erthe, in the whych thow art releued,
Defyer, obs. form of DrFiEr,
VoL, III,
145
Defy‘ing, 2/. sb.' [f. Dery v1 + -1nG1.]
The action of Dery v.!; a defiance, a challenge.
¢1300 K. Adis. 7289 Alisaunder..hath afonge thy defiying.
c1440 Promp, Parv. 116 Defyynge, or dyspysynge, vidi-
pencio, floccipencio. 1483 Cath. Angl. 94 Defiynge, despec-
cto, etc.; vbi a disspysynge.
1 Detying vol. sb.2 [f. DEFY v.2 + -1NG1.]
The action of digesting ; digestion.
¢ 1315 [see Dery v.2 2]. c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 162 Pese
arterys goip to.. be lyvere & gevep him vertu ful myche
& makip defiynge. c1440 Promp. Parv. 116 Defyynge of
mete or drynke, digestio. 1483 Cath. Angl. 94 A Defiynge,
digestio. |
efy'ing, 7//. a. [f. Dery v.1+-ING1.] That
defies ; defiant.
1834 Macautay Pitt Ess. (1854) 309/1 His impetuous,
adventurous and defying character.
Hence Defy:ingly adv., defiantly, with de-
fiance.
_ 1831 L. E. L. in Examiner 821/1 The petticoat is defy-
ingly dragged through the mud. 1856 Mrs. BrowninG
Aur. Leigh. pt I looked into his face defyingly.
Defyne, Defynicion, etc., obs. ff. DErinr,
DEFINITION, etc.
Deg, v.1 dial. [var. of Dac v.4] a. trans.
To sprinkle with water; to damp. b. zz¢r. To
drizzle. Hence Degging vé/. sb.; in comb. deg-
ging-can, -cart, -machine (see quots.).
1674 in Ray NV. C. Words 14. 1854 W. GasKELL Lect.
Lance, Dial, 28 (Lanc. Gloss.) The word which a Lancashire
man employs for sprinkling with water is ‘to deg’, and
when he degs his garden he uses a deggin-can. 1865 Miss
Lanee Carter's Struggles vii. 53 (ibid.), Si’ tho’ what a
deggin’ hoo’s gin me. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Degging-
machine (Cotton), One for damping the fabric in the process
of calendering. 1885 Manch. Exam. 14 Aug. 2/6 It was
usual for the degging cart to go three times over the ground
..as twice going over would not deg across the road, 1892
Northumb. Wads., Deg, to drizzle=Dag.
| Dégageé (degaze), a.; fem.-6e. [F. pa. pple.
of dégager to disengage, put at ease.] Easy, un-
constrained (in manner or address).
xé VansruGH Relapse iv. vi. 218, I do use to appear
a little more dégagé. 1712 BupGett Sfect. No. 277 » 8 An
Air altogether galant and dégagé. 1762 Gotpsm. Cit. W.
xxxix, Mamma pretended to be as dégagée as I. 1855
Dickens Dorrit (Househ. ed.) 203/2 You ought to make
yourself fit for it [Society] by being more dégagé and less
preoccupied.
+ Degalant, a. Obs. rave. [f. De- Il. 3 +
galant, GALLANT a.] Ungallant, wanting in gal-
lantry.
1778 Hist. Eliza Warwick 11.6 The most insensible of
lovers, the most degalant bridegroom.
+ Dega‘mboy. Os. Short for viol-de-gamboy
(Shaks.) = vzo/a-da-gamba, a musical instrument :
see GAMBA and VIOLA.
1618 FLetcHeR Chances w. ii, Presuming To medle with
m cept fp
eganglionate, Degeneralize: see Dr-II. 1.
Degarnish (diga-mif), v. rave. By-form of
DISGARNISH : see De- I, 6.
+ Dega‘st. Ods. [a. OF. degast (14th c.), mod.
F. dégat, f. OF. degaster to devastate, f. DE- I. 3
+ gaster to waste.] Devastation, ruin, waste.
1592 WyrLey Armorie 116 Ech thing almost we turne
vnto degaste. 1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto's Trav. liv. 214
He lost in all these degasts eight Thousand of his men.
Degelation caplet). rare. [f. F, dégeler
to thaw, f. des-, dé- (Dx- I. 6) + geler to freeze.]
Melting from the frozen state; thawing.
In mod. Dict.
+ Degen (dégan). Old Cant.
dagen. [Ger.; =sword.]
a@1700 B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Degen, a Sword. 1785 in
Grose Dict. Vulg. T. 1827 Lytron Pelham (1864) 325
(Farmer) Tip him the degen.
+Dege'nder, v. Oés. [ad. L. dévenerare, F.
dégénérer (15th c.), after GENDER v.] intr. To
degenerate.
x Taverner Gard. Wysed. 1. 18b, He forgatte all
& nes and degendred quyte & cleane from the renowmed
excellent vertues of hys father. 1596 Spenser Hymne
Heav. Love 94 So that next off-spring of the Makers love
.. Degendering to hate, fell from above Through pride.
1597 Lowe Chirurg. (1634) 83 If it [Furuncle] .. much in-
flameth, oftentimes it degendereth into Anthrax.
Hence + Dege‘ndered £#/. a., degenerate.
1s6x T, Norton Cadvin's Jnst. u. ii, (1634) 117 The
perverted and degendred nature of man.
+ Degener, v. Ods. [a. F. dégénér-er, ad. L.
degenerare: see DEGENERATE] intr. = prec.
Hence Dege‘nered Z7/. a. ,
1545 Fee Exp. Dan. iv. Gijb, Y° churche .. Sepeeeens
much from her first beutye. x6rx ed. Spenser's F. v.
Prol. ii, They into that ere long will be degenered [1596
degendered]. 1614 Eart Stirtinc Doomes-day, Fifth Hour
(R.), Of religion a degener’d seed. ?
Degeneracy (d/dze‘nérasi). [f, DEGENERATE
@.: see -acy.] The condition or quality of being
degenerate.
1664 H. More Myst. Inig, 206 This grand Degeneracy of
the Church, 1711 Appison Sfect. No, 65 P 9 It is Nature
in its utmost Corruption and Degeneracy. 1862 GouLBURN
Pers, Relig. 117, A degeneracy from the scriptural theory
of Public Worship. Froupve Short Stud. IV. v. 336
The fall of a nobility may be a cause of degeneracy, or it
may only be a symptom,
Also degan,
DEGENERATE.
b. An instance of degeneracy; something that
is degenerate. rare.
1678 CupwortH /xtel/. Syst. 133 (R.) We incline .. to
account this form of atheism. .to be but a certain degeneracy
from the right Heraclitick and Zenonian cabala. 1862
Atrorp in Life (1873) 345 The cathedral of Sens is a sad
degeneracy from ours.
Degenerate (didzenért), a. Also 5-6 -at,
6 Sc. -it. [ad. L. dégenerat-us, pa. pple. of dé-
generare: see next.]
A. as pa. pple. =Degenerated. Ods. or arch.
[see B. 1]. 1500-20 Dunpar Poems xiv. 42 Sic bral-
laris and bosteris, degenerat fra thair naturis. 1552 App.
Hamitton Catech. (1884) 19 How matrimonye was degenerat
fra the first perfectioun. 1559 in Strype Aun. Ref. 1. viii. 23
‘To what abuses the state of that lyff was degenerate. es Bee
Bacon Ess. Great Place (Arb.) 284 Observe wherein and how
they have eae < 7a Swirt Ox Poetry 381 Degen’rate
from their ancient brood.
B. as adj.
1. Having lost the qualities proper to the race or
kind; having declined from a higher to a lower
type; hence, declined in character or qualities ;
debased, degraded. a. of persons.
1494 Fasyan Chron. vit. ccxxxv. 272 Thou art degenerat,
& growen out of kynde. 1605 SHaks. Lear 1. iv. 276 Lear.
Degenerate Bastard, Ile not trouble thee; Yet haue I lefta
daughter. 1794 S. Wittiams Vermont 196 The Laplanders
are only degenerate Tartars. 1848 Macautay Ast. Eng.
II. 139 T'yrconnel sprang .. from one of those degenerate
families of the pale which were popularly classed with the
aboriginal population of Ireland. 1856 FroupEe Hist. Exe.
(1858) I. iii. 242 The degenerate representatives of a once
noble institution.
b. of animals and plants: sfec. in Biol. (cf.
DEGENERATION I b).
1611 Biste Yer. ii. 2x How then art thou turned into the
degenerate plant of a strange vine? 1651 N. Bacon Disc.
Govt. u. i. (1739) 4 (As a Plant transplanted into a savage
soil) in degree and disposition wholly degenerate. 1665
T. Herpert 77av. (1677) 12 Penguins.. the wings or fins
hanging down like sleeves, covered with down instead of
Feathers ..a degenerate Duck. 1879 Ray LankrsTrR
Degeneration 52 The Ascidian Phallusia shows itself to be
a degenerate Vertebrate by beginning life as a tadpole.
1890 M. MarsHact in Nature 11 Sept., Animals .. which
have lost organs or systems which their progenitors pos-
sessed, are commonly called degenerate.
ec. fig. of things. (In Geom. applied to a locus
of any order when reduced to the condition of an
aggregate of loci of a lower order.)
1552 [see A]. 1669 GALE Crt. of Gentiles 1. 1. vii. 36 The
several names .. were al but corrupt degenerate derivations
from Iewish Traditions. 1763 J. Brown Poetry & Mus. xi.
193 The degenerate Arts sunk with the degenerate City.
1878 Morey Carlyle Crit. Misc. Ser. 1. 201 The cant and
formalism of any other degenerate form of active faith,
2. ¢ransf. Characterized by degeneracy.
1651 tr. Bacon’s Life & Death 8 In ‘Tame Creatures, their
Degenerate Life corrupteth them. 1715-20 Porr //iad x11.
540 Such men as live in these degenerate days. 1870 Swin-
BURNE Ess. & Stud.(1875) 101 There has never been an age
that was not degenerate in the eyes of its own fools.
Degenerate (didze'nére't), v. [f. dégenerat-,
ppl. stem of L. dégenerare to depart from its race
or kind, to fall from its ancestral quality, f. dégener
adj. that departs from its race, ignoble, f. DE- I. 1
+gener- (genus) race, kind. So F. adgéndrer
(15th c. in Hatzf.).]
1. intr. To lose, or become deficient in,” the
qualities proper to the race or kind; to fall away
from ancestral virtue or excellence ; hence (more
generally), to decline in character or qualities,
become of a lower type. a. of persons.
1553 Even 7 reat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 31 Degeneratinge from
al kind of honestie and faithfulnes. 16121. TayLor Comm.
Titus i. 12 When men degenerate, and by sinne put off the
nature of man, 1651 Hospes Leviath. 1. xiii. 63 The man-
ner of life, which men .. degenerate into in a civill Warre.
1718 Lapy M. W. Montacu Let. to C’tess of Mar 10 Mar.,
It is well if Ido not degenerate into a downright story-
teller. 1863 Gro. Etior Xomo/at. v, In this respect Floren-
tines have not degenerated from their ancestral customs.
b. of animals and plants.
1577 Butt Luther's Comm. Ps. Grad. (1615) 193 They de-
generate, and grow out of kind, and become evil plants.
1626 Bacon Sylva § 518 Plants for want of Culture, degene-
rate to be baser in the same kind ; and sometimes so far, as
to change into another kind. 175r Cuambers Cyc/. s.v. De-
generation, It is a great dispute among the naturalists,
whether or no animals, plants, etc. be capable of degenerat-
ing into other species? 1845 Forp Handbk. Spain 1. 53
They have from neglect degenerated into ponies.
¢e. transf. and fig. of things.
1545 RaynoLp Byrth of Mankynde 40 When they be en-
saved into the nauell, the ii. vaynes degenerat in one. 1605
Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. iii. § 2.12 After that the state of
Rome was not it selfe, but did degenerate. 1741 BUTLER
Serm. Wks. 1874 II. 263 Liberty ..is .. liable .. to degene-
rate i ibly into licentic 1841 D’Israett Amen.
Lit, (1867) 125 The Latin of the bar had degenerated into
the most ludicrous barbarism.
d. Geom. Of a curve or other locus: To become
reduced to a lower order, or altered into a locus of
a different or less complex form.
1763 W. Emerson Meth. Increments vii, If the parts of the
abscissa be taken infinitely small, then these parallelograms
degenerate into the curve.
+2. To show a falling-off or degeneration from
an anterior type; to be degenerate, Ods.
19*
DEGENERATED,
acter (without implying debasement) ; to change
in kind; to show an alteration from a normal type.
1548 Haut Chron. 176 b, The Scottes also not degenerat-
yng from their olde mutabilitie. 1576 FLreminc Panofi.
Epist. 149 It is now highe time for you to degenerate, and
to be unlike your selfe [i.e. less martial]. 1597 GerarpE
Herbal 1, xiii. 62 It is altered .. into Wheate it selfe, as de-
generating from bad to better. 1600 Haxtuyt Voy. (1810)
III. 186 Some .. followed Courses degenerating from the
Voyage before pretended.
+4. To fall away, revolt. Ods. rare.
1602 Carew Cornwall 98 a, The Cornish men .. marched
to .. Welles, where James Touchet, Lord Audely, degene-
rated to their party. 1622 Matynes Anc. Tondo + 431
His friends forsake him, his wife and children suffer with
him, or leaue him, or rebell, or degenerate against him.
+5. trans. To cause to degenerate; to reduce to
a lower or worse condition; to debase, degrade.
1645 Mitton 7etrach. 192 It degenerates and disorders the
best spirits. 1653 Cloria & Narcissus 1. 172 The least de-
jection of spirit .. would degenerate you from your birth |
and education. 1710 Brit. Apollo III. 2/1 They. . Degene-
rate themselves to Brutes.
Two Sticks in Eng. (1817) 1v. 16 Her theatric excellencies
.. are impaired by physical defects, or degenerated by the
adoption of bad habits.
+6. To generate (something of an inferior or
lower type). Obs. rare.
1649 G. Daniet Trinarch., Hen. V xciv, A bastard flye,
Corrupting where it breaths .. Degenerating Putrefaction.
1668 Cucreprer & Cote Barthol. Anat. 1. xxxii. 75 It is
backwards more deep and broad, that the lower and after-
end might degenerate as it were the Ditch or Trench.
Hence Dege-nerating v4/. sb. and pf/. a.
1611 SpeeD Hist. Gt. Brit, v1. xx. $ 1. 105 Young Com.
modus, his soone degenerating Son. 1693 Brancarp Phys.
Dict. 140/1 Metaptosis, the degenerating of one Disease into
another, as of a Quartane Ague intoa Tertian. 1746 W.
Horsey 7he Fool No. 5 ®6 A Degenerating from this Char-
acter is the Progress towards the Formation of a Beau.
Dege‘nerated, ///.a. [-ED!.] Fallen from
ancestral or original excellence ; degenerate.
1581 Pettie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. 1. (1586) 84 Unknowen |
and degenerated posteritie. 7 De For Hist. Appar. iv.
(1840) 31 The Devil is ..a degenerated, fallen, and evil
spirit, 1808 Witrorp Sacr. Jsles in Asiat. Res. VIII. 302
In the present wicked age and degenerated times.
Degenerately (didgenérétli), adv. [f. De-
GENERATE @.+-LY 2.] In a degenerate manner.
1645 Mitton Tefrach. (1851) 145 Nothing now adayes is
more degenerately forgott’n, than the true dignity of man.
a 1671 J. WorTHINGTON Misc. 29 (T.) A short view of Rome,
Christian, though apostatized and degenerately Christian.
Dege‘nerateness. 7a7e. [f. as prec. +-NESS.]
Degenerate quality or condition ; degeneracy.
1640 Witkins New Planet x. (1707) 272 A Degenerateness
and Poverty of Spirit. 1 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. vi.
156 This degenerateness, which frequently happens to the
bloud in Autumnal Fevers.
Degeneration d/dzenéréi-fon). [a. F. dé-
génération (15th c. in Hatzf.), n. of action from L.
dégenerare to DEGENERATE : see -ATION.]
1. The process of degenerating or becoming de-
generate; the falling off from ancestral or earlier
excellence ; declining to a lower or worse stage of
being ; degradation of nature.
1607 Torse.t Four-/. Beasts (1658) 460 That so he might
learn the difference betwixt his generation, and his degenera-
tion, and consider how great phy eat unto him was his fall in
Paradise. 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriot. i. 3 Others con-
ceived it most natural to end in fire .. whereby they also
declined a visible degeneration into worms. x CowLey
Prop. Adv. Exp. Philos. Concl., Capable (as many In-
stitutions) .. of Degeneration into any thing harmful, 1845
Maurice Mor, Philos. in Encycl. Metrop. 11. 598/1_ It is
possible in each case to trace the process of degeneration.
b. Biol. A change of structure by which an
organism, or some particular organ, becomes less
elaborately developed and assumes the form of a
lower type.
(1752 Cuampers Cyc?. s.v., Others hold, that degeneration
only obtains in vegetables ; and define it the change of a
plant of one kind, into that of another viler kind. Thus, say
they, wheat degenerates into darnel .. But our .. best natu-
ralists maintain the opinion of such adeg ion, or trans-
ion, to be errc ] 1848 CarrenTeR Anim, Phys,
33 Such a degeneration may take place simply from want
oO
use. 2879 Ray LANKESTER Degeneration (2880) 32 De-
generation may be defined as a g 1 ch ng of the struc-
ture in which the org: b d to less varied
and less complex conditions of life. Ibid. 32 Elaboration of
some one organ may be a a i of De-
generation in all the others, 1883 Syd. Soc, Lex. s.v., In
many flowers .. the formation of a nectary results from the
degeneration of the stamens.
c. Path, ‘A morbid change in the structure of
parts, consisting in a disintegration of tissue, or in
a substitution of a lower for a higher form of struc-
ture’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.).
1851-60 in Mayne Exfos. Lex. 1866 A. Fut Princ, Med.
(1880) 54. 1869 E. A, Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3).193 The
angrenous deg ion rapidly wiles SNe Soe,
Lex. $.Viy Fatty. deg ion. i in the substitution
1790-1811 Combe Devil upon |
146
str 4 P
pound,
2. The condition of being degenerate; degeneracy.
?148x Caxton Orat. G. Flamineus Fj, Rather .. with de-
generacion than nobleness. a 1652 J. Smit Sed. Disc. ix.
446 It speaks the degeneration of any soul .. that it should
sire to incorporate itself with any..sensual delights. 1865
Merivate Rom. Emp. VU. \xviti. 368 When the popular
notion of its was ly
has degenerated ; a degene-
degeneration
+3. Something that
rate form or product. Ods.
1645 Howe t Lett. (1892) Il. 475 What Lan; eS..are
pate Derivations, or Degeners cites from their Originals.
1646 Six I’. Browne Pseud. Ep. 11. xvii. 147 Cockle, Aracus,
of oil globules for the healthy protoplasm of cells, or other |
by fi ion .. of the pi lasmic com-
a and other degenerations which come up in unex- |
ted sh:
1748
Counterfeits of Benevolence.
apes.
legenerations a!
Hence Degenera‘tionist once-wd., one who ©
holds a theory of degeneration.
1871 Tytor Prim. Cult. 1. 48 The opinions of older
writers .. whether progressionists or deg ationists.
Degenerative (didzenérctiv), a. [f. L. dé
generat-, ppl. stem of dégenerdre to DEGENERATE
+-IVE.] Of the nature of, or tending to, degenera-
tion.
1846 WorceEsTER cites Month. Rev. 1879 Ray Lankes-
ter Adv. Science (1890) 46 Degenerative evolution. 1890
Humpenry Old Age 149 Other degenerative changes, such as
calcification of the costal cartilages.
Degeneratory (d/dgernératari), a. rare. [f.
as prec. +-oRY.] ‘Tending to degeneration.
1876 R. F. Burton Gorilla L.1, 28 Perhaps six years had
exercised a degeneratory effect upon Roi Denis.
Degenered: sce DEGENER.
Degenerescence (-e'séns). Azo/. [a. F. dé-
générescence (1799 in Hatzf.), f. dégénérescent,
deriv. of dégénérer to degenerate, after L. inchoative
vbs.: see -ESCENT.] Tendency to degenerate ; the
process of degeneration.
1882 (>. ALLEN in St. Yames's Gaz. 30 May 3 They have
all .. acquired the same parasitic habits, and .. exhibit dif-
ferent stages in the same process of degenerescence. 1884
H. Macmitian in Brit, & For. Evang. Rev. Apr. 315 The
degenerescence of Decandolle brings all the parts of the
flower back to the leaf.
+ Dege-nerize, 7. Obs. rvare—'. [f. L. dégener
see next) + -IZE.] intr. To become degenerate,
to degenerate.
1605 Syivester Du Bartas ui. ili. Vocation 104 Degeneriz'd,
decaid, and withered quight.
+ Degenerous, a. Obs. [f. L. dégener de-
generate, bastard, spurious (see DEGENERATE v.) +
-ous, after GENEROUS a@., of which it is, in some
senses, treated as a derivative: cf. wngenerous, de-
gallant.)
1. Fallen from ancestral virtue or excellence, un-
worthy of one’s ancestry or kindred, degenerate.
a. of persons.
1600 Dekker Gentle Craft Wks. 1873 I. 74 Your Grace to
do me honour Heapt on the head of this degenerous boy
Desertless favours. 1643 Payvnne Sov. Power Parl. ww. 35
Disclaiming them as degenerous Brats, and not their sonnes,
a og Nortn Lives I. 199 An upstart and degenerous race.
. of personal qualities, feelings, actions, etc.
1597 Daniet Civ. Wars 1. lii, The least felt touch of a
degenerous feare. a = Exam. ui. v. § 41 (2740)
338 That this Passive-Obedience or Non-Resistance of
theirs is a slavish and degenerous Principle. __
c. transf. Characterized by degeneration.
1611 Sreep //ist. Gt. Brit. 1x. x. (1632) 647 In our effemi-
nate and degenerous age. 1690 BoyLe Chr. Virtuoso 11. 39
Especially in such a Degenerous age.
d. Const. from. (rare.)
t Br. H. Kine Poems ut. ix. (1843) 91 He n'er had
shew'd Himself..So much degen’rous from reno’ ere,
x695 Dopwett Def. Vind. Deprived Bps. 36 The Ages he
deals in were very degenerous from the Piety and Skill of
their Primitive Ancestors. : :
2. transf. and fig. of things (esf. organisms or
set Soa pecans.
1635 F. Waite Sadéath Ep. Ded. 4 A good tree hath some
Univ. Mag. Aug. 65 That..a
degenerous branches. 1
| (see prec.) + -BLE,
ARTLEY Observ. Man. iv. 453 The |
DEGLUTITORY.
Degeroite (degérdwait). Afin.
f. Degeré in Finland.] A variety of
1868 in Dana Ain. 489.
obs. form of DicEsr.
: see Dec v.!
Degh, obs. pres. t. of Dow v. to be of use.
Degise, obs. form of Discutse.
+Degla‘brate, v. Oss. [f. L. déglabrat-,
ppl. stem of déglabrare to smooth down, make
smooth, f. Dr- i 3 + glabr- smooth, glabrare to
make smooth.] ¢rans. To make quite smooth.
Hence Degla‘brated f//. a.
1623 Cockxeram, De, , to pull off skin, ha: or
the like. 1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. xiv. 466 An Eye-
lid inverted..was amended by cutting the Circle of the
Deglabrated Eye-lid.
Degladiation, obs. form of DIGLADIATION.
Deglaze v.: see Dr- II. 2.
+ Doglozy; v. Obs. rare. [f. DE- II. 2 + GLoxy
sb.] trans. To deprive of its glory.
1610 G. Fietcner Christ's Vict. 1. xvii, To crowne his
head, That was before with thornes degloried. 1653 R.
Mason in Bulwer’s Anth: et. Let. to Author, Neither
amed 1850
isingerite.
| his soule nor body (both being sv degloried).
+ Deglu‘bate, v. Obs. rare. [irreg. f. L. re ii-
bére to peel, flay (f. De- I. 3 + glubére to peel, flay)
+ -ATE.] ¢vans. To flay, excoriate.
1623 CockeraM, Degludate, to fley athing. 1698 Fryer
Acc. F. Ind. & P.297 To prevent the sharp Winds deglu-
bating us, we es our selves Cap-a-pee under Felts.
+ Deglubing, #//. a. Obs. rare—'. [f. *de-
glube vb., ad. L. déglibére: see rg Flaying.
a16s8 Cieveranp Ci. Vind. (1677) 96 Now. enter his
Taxing and deglubing Face, a squeezing Look like that of
Vespasianus,
Deglu'tate, v. rare—'.
see next.) = DEGLUTE.
1867 Frul. R. Agric. Soc. Ser. ut. 111. 11. 639 The chance
of choking does not depend upon hair which ts deglutated.
Deglute (digit), v. Obs. exc. as nonce-wwd.
In 6 di-. [f. L. déglitire, f. De- I, 1 down +
glitire, gluttire to swallow.) trans. To swallow,
swallow down. Also aésol.
1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 101/2 Make
little Pilles, contayne them in thy mouth, and by little and
little diglute or swallowe them. 1820 L. Hunt /ndicator
No. 64 (1822) II. 95 They champ, they grind, they deglute.
+ Deglutible, a. Obs. rare. [f. L. dégliti-re
| Capable of being swallowed.
1661 Lovett Hist. Anim. & Min. 515 Some are prescribed
in a potable forme .. Others deglutible, as pills and
powders.
Deglu‘tinate, v. [f. L. déglitinat-, ppl. stem
of deglitinare to unglue (Pliny), f. De- I. 6 +
glitinare to glue.)
+1. trans. To unglue; to loosen or separate
(things glued together). Ods.
1609 J. Davies Holy Roode (1876) 16 (D.) The Hand of
Outrage that deglutinates His Vesture, glu’d with gore-
blood to His e. 1727 Bate vol. 11, Deglutinated.
2. To deprive of gluten, extract the gluten from.
1889 in Cent. Dict.
Hence a ping HAE
1623 in CocKERAM I. Ss. Vv. . 4gar in Baitey,
+ lution. Os. [a. obs. F. deglution
(Cotgr.).] =next.
1657 Tomirnson Renou's Disp. 115 Compressed with the
tongue or teeth before deglution,
lutition (digluti‘fon). Phys. (*. F. dé
glutition (Paré 16th c.), n. of action f. L. déglii-
tire: see DEGLUTE.] The action of swallowing.
1650 BuLwer Anthropomet. 118 The action of the Gullet,
[irreg. f. L. déglittire :
that is Deglutition. _1748 Hartiey » Man i, ii. 135
The Nerves of the Fauces, and Muscles of Deglutition.
1802 Patey Nat. Theol.
1804) 195 In a city feast .. what
deglutition, what anhelation ! 1804 Apernetuy Surg. Obs.
199 The difficulty of deglutition arose from the unnatural
state in which the muscles of the pharynx were placed,
1861 Lowe. Biglow P. Poems 1890 II. 216 Persons who
venture their lives in the deglutition of patent medicines.
new born child should. , be corrupted by the degenerous and b. In fig. senses 0 low.
adventitious milk of another, 1764 Reip /nguiry vi. § 19 As the stomach receives its
Hence } Dege‘nerously adv., +Dege'nerous- | food, so the soul receives her images by a kind of nervous
ness. deglutition. on Bronte ¥. Lyre (G87) 241 Judgment
3607 H. Burton Baiting of Pope's Bull 94 No true | untempered by nate too bee Foss — — ae
Englishman will be .. so v: lly and degenerously im- 0 oF Catholi 1858 pcb | iy . 187 Even
pious. 1734 Nortu Lives I. 371 Naming him so de- | such Catholics as the Irish : iefs a
genecnal wha Se, one Wasser 19 Sones | pagtatitions (iigint fa), es rag ft te
2 e Rubbi er isness oug! O #g ” , . i >
heavy on once Gehonnutaine Daves see -0US.] Pertaining or tending to deglutition,
Degentilize, : see De- II. 1. 1822 Heser in Ser. Taylor's Wks. (1828) I. Introd. p. xci,
Dege:omorphiza‘tion. nonce-wd. [f. D-II. | With the poor book which is beslavered with such degluti-
1, Gr. yf (comb. ‘yew-) earth + poppy form.] The
process of making unlike, or less like, o—_
1. Educ. e i
ai i Se et nae meee
Does it ta equally tend towards the de-geomorphization of
ven
e'rm,v. [De- II. 2.) ¢vans. To remoye
the germ from (e. g. wheat).
Dege‘rminator.
e- II. 1 + L. germen germ.]
A machine with iron discs for splitting the grains
of wheat and removing the germ,
In mod, Dicts. 7
tious phrases I have no acquaintance,
Deglutitive (diglititiv), a. rave. [fas next
+-IVE.] =next.
In some mod, Dicts.
lutitory (d/glititeri),.a. rare. fe 1.
déglitit-, ppl. stem of dégliitire to DEGLUTE + sag |
Pertaining to deglutition ; haying the function o}
rane Wee Cornh. Mag. Jan. 59 The little
bi . . jan.
unaitivohanens mecly aad -daghetliory powers were
now feebler,
lycerin(e v.: see Dr- Il. 2.
DEGORDER.
De:go'rder. Math. [Made up'of Drckun +
OrpeR.] The pair of numbers signifying the
degree and order of any mathematical form.
1880 SytvesteR in Amer. Frnl. Mathem, II.
n=2 we know that the degorder is (4 ; 4).
+ Degorge (digg1dz),v. Obs. [a. F. dégorger,
OF. desgorger: see Dx- I. 6.] = Discorcr.
1493 Festivall (W. de W. 1515) 142 These people .. made
dragons for to spytte & degorge flambes of fyre out of theyr
mouthes. 1586 B. YounG Guazzo’s Civ. Conv. wv. 181b, It
hoveth. .to chew it [a hastie sentence] well in our mindes
before, least it be thought to be degorged .. raw and un-
digested. 1622 Boys Wks. 2 We must degorge our malice
before we pray. 1635 Person Varieties 1. 24 Allother waters
doe degorge themselves into her [the sea’s] bosome. 1737
Bracken Farriery Impr. (1757) 11. 69 The Farrier’s Dic-
tionary .. 1726 ..says, that it proceeds from the degorging,
tho’ I suppose he means the disgorging, of the great Vein.
+ Degou'st,degout. Ods. rare. [a. OF. des-,
degoust, in mod.F. dégotit.| = Discus.
1716 M. Davies Athen. Brit. 1. 150 Brinish .. and of an
Unsavoury Degout. 1720 WELTON Suffer. Son of God I. viii.
154 From hence comes all that degoust and surfeit in Matters
of Religion.
+Degou't, v. Obs. [a. F. dégoutter, OF. de-
guter (12th c.), = Pr. degotar:—Rom. type *dégut-
tare, f.L. Dr- I. 1, down + gutta drop; cf. guttatus
goin spotted. ]
. trans. To spot, besprinkle with drops or spots.
1423 Jas. I Kingis Q. clxi, A mantill .. That furrit was
with ermyn full quhite, Degoutit with the self in spottis
blake. 1486 Bk, St, Albans A viijb, Ye shall say she is
Degouted to the vttermost brayle.
2. To shed in drops, distil.
1503 Hawes Exam. Virt. iv. 42 The chambre where she
held her consystory The dewe aromatyke dyde oft degoute
Of fragrant floures. 1509 — Past. Pleas. 198 Her redolente
wordes .. Degouted vapoure moost aromatyke.
Degradable (dégrzi‘dab’l), a. [f. Decrane
v.+-ABLE.] Capable of being degraded.
{867 H.. Kinestey Szlcote of S. xxxvii. (1876) 255 The
labourer. .is undegradable, being in a chronic state of bank-
ruptcy.]
e‘gradand. rare. [ad. L. dégradanid-us to
be degraded, gerundive of dégradare to DEGRADE. ]
One who is to be degraded from his rank or order.
, 189x R. W. Dixon Hist. Ch. Eng. IV. 494 The degradand
is to be brought in his daily or ordinary dress.
adation | (degradéi‘fan). [a. F. dégva-
dation (14th c. in Hatzf.), ad. med. L. dégradation-
em, n. of action f. dégradare, to DEGRADE: see
-ATIoN.] The action of degrading.
1. Deposition from some rank, office, or position
of honour as an act of punishment; esf. the de-
priving of an ecclesiastic of his orders, benefices,
and privileges, of a knight, military officer, etc., of
his rank, of a graduate of his academical degree.
In Eccl. Law, two kinds of degradation are recognized :
see quot. 1885.
@ 1538 More IVs. 624 (R.) Vpon .. hys degradacion, he
kneled downe before the byshoppes chauncellour. .& humbli
besought him of absolucion fro the sentence of excom-
municacion. x Exam. H. Barrowe in Harl. Mise.
(Malh.) II. 35 Since his excommunication and degradation
by the Romish church. 1647 CLarenpon Hist. Red. 1.
(1843) 22/2 He saw many removes and degradations in all
When
147
progression-theory recognizes degradation, and the degra-
dation-theory recognizes progression, as powerful influences
in the course of culture.
b. spec. Biol, Reduction of an organ or structure
to a less perfect or more rudimentary condition ;
degeneration.
1849 Batrour A/anual of Bot. § 649 There is thus traced
a degradation, as it is called, from a flower with three
stamens and three divisions of the calyx, to one with
a single bract and a single stamen or carpel. 1872 Mivart
Elem. Anat. 39 ‘Degradation’ is a constant character of
the last vertebra in all classes of Vertebrates. /did. ii. 59
‘The maximum of degradation and abortion of the coccyx
is in the Bats,
ce. Structural Bot. A change in the substance of
the organized structures of plants, resulting in the
formation of products (degradation-products) which
have no further use in the building up of new cell-
walls or protoplasmic structures.
1875 Bennett & Dyer Sachs’ Bot, 628 The substances
which cause lignification, suberisation, or cuticularisation
are also obese the result of a partial degradation of the
cellulose of the cell-walls. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Degrada-
tion products, a term applied to such compounds as gum
in plants. 1884 Bower & Scorr De Bary's Phaner. 511
The transformation or degradation of the alburnum into
duramen takes place in some [trees] gradually, in others
suddenly. x
d. Physics. The conversion of (energy) into a
lower form, 7. ¢. one which has a decreased capa-
bility of being transformed.
1871 B. Stewart Heat § 384 When mechanical energy is
transmuted into heat by friction or otherwise there is always
a degradation in the form of energy. 1876 Tarr Rec. Adv.
Pays. Sc. vi. 146 A certain amount of degradation (de-
graded energy meaning energy less capable of being trans-
formed than before). . ee
5. A lowering or reducing in strength, amount,
etc.
1769 STRANGE in Phil. Trans. LIX. 55 This plant was in
the first stage of putrefaction .. hence its degradation of
colour. 1776 ApAM Smitu W. MN. 1. v. (1869) I. 36 ‘The de-
gradation in the value of silver. /é/d. 1. xi. 1 243 This
degradation, both in the real and nominal value of wool.
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex. Senile degradation, the gradual
failure of the mental and bodily powers due to age. 1889
J. M. Duncan Lect. Dis. Women xvi. (ed. 4) 127 Producing
as its only great indication, degradation of the general
health, and a hydroperitoneal collection.
6. Geol. The disintegration and wearing down of
the surface of rocks, cliffs, strata, etc., by atmo-
spheric and aqueous action.
1799 Kirwan Geol. Ess. 327 Those of siliceous shistus are
most subject to this degradation and decomposition. 180z
Prayrair /élustr. Hutton, Th. 156 The great degradation of
mountains, involved in this hypothesis. 1853 Pxituirs
Rivers Yorksh. i. 11 Vhe chalk .. yields rather easily to
degradation. 1875 CroLi Climate & T. xvii. 268 Old sea-
bottoms formed out of the accumulated material derived
from the degradation of primeval land-surfaces.
b. transf. Wearing down of any surface.
1849 Ruskin Sev. Lamps vi. § 17.179 The materials to
be employed are liable to degradation, as brick, sandstone,
or Pm limestone. 1861 FLo. NIGHTINGALE Nursing 62
There is a constant degradation, as it is called, taking
place from everything except polished or glazed articles.
Degradation 2 (d#gradé'-fan). [In sense 1,
a. F. dégradation (Moliére, 17th c.), ad. It. digra-
the other offices of which he had been pc d. 1726
Ayurre Parergon 206 Degradation is commonly used to
denote a Deprivation or cincving of a Man from his
Office and Benefice. 1779-81 Jounson L. P., Halifax, An
. -active statesman. .exposed to the vicissitudes of advance-
ment and degradation, 1885 Catholic Dict. 253/2 Degra-
dation is of two kinds, verbal and real. By the first a
criminous cleric is declared to be perpetually deposed from
clerical orders, or from the execution thereof, so as to be
deprived of all order and function .. and of any benefice
which he might have previously enjoyed..Real or actual
degradation is that which, besides deposing a cleric from
the exercise of his ministry, actually strips him of his orders,
according to a prescri ceremonial, and delivers him to
the seci arm to be punished.
2. Lowering in honour, estimation, social posi-
tion, etc.; the state or condition of being so
lowered.
¢1752 Jounson in Boswell (1887) 1V. 382 ote, A Table of
the Spectators, Tatlers, and Guardians, distinguished by
figures into six degrees of value, with notes, giving the
reasons preference or degradation. 1 S. Wittrams
Vermont 152 This degradation of the female was carried to
its greatest extreme. 1833 Hr. Martineau Brooke Faru
v. 70 They would complain of the degradation of obtaining
their fod by age service. 1878 Jevons Prim, Pol.
Econ, 85 Enough ought to have been saved to avoid the
need of charity or the degradation of the poor-house.
3. Lowering in character or quality ; the state or
condition of being degraded morally or intellectu-
ally; moral debasement.
1697 Locke 2nd Vind. Christ. (R.), The lowest degrada-
tion that human nature could sink to. @17x6 Sourn (J Pi
So deplorable is the oS ee of our nature. 1856 Sir B.
Bropte Psychol. Ing, I. iii. 77 Nothing can tend more to
every kind of .. degradation than the vice of gin-drinking,
1866 G. Macponatp Aun. Q. Neighb. xxvii. (1878) 473 She
would not submit to the degradation of marrying a man she
did not love. — ;
4. Reduction to an inferior type or stage of de-
velopment. — Also aftrzd.
1850 H. Rocers £ss. II. iv. 169 The vocabulary would
be for the most part retained, and the grammatical forms
o. degradation, 1871 ‘Ll'yLor Prim. Cult. I, 34 The
ae , f. digradare to come down by degrees.
Sense 2 may also be from It.; but cf. GRaparion.]
1. Painting. The gradual lowering of colour or
light in a painting ; es. that which gives the effect
of distance; gradation of tint; gradual toning
down or shading off. ? Ods.
1706 Art of Painting (1744) 33 Perspective. .regulates..
the degradation of colours in all places of the Picture.
sl H. Watrote Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) 11. 231
ere is great truth and nature in his heads; but the
carnations are too bricky, and want a degradation and
variety of tints. 1817 CoLeripce Biog. Lit, 212 Colours ..
used as the means of that gentle degradation requisite in
order to produce the effect of a whole. 1881 C. A. Younc
Sun 250 Vogel’s observations show a much more rapid
degradation of the light.
+2. Diminution (in size or thickness) by degrees
or successive steps ; the part so reduced. Oés.
1730 A. Gorvon Maffei's Amphith. 285 The internal De-
gradation of the Wall. /éid. 406 The Retiring of the Wall
- proceeds by a Degradation above that Stone..and more
largely in the Degradation of the second Story} so that the
third is reduced to a small Thickness. /é/d. 407 There
being no Marks of Vaults on the Degradation of the Wall.
Degradational (degridéi-fonal), a. [f. Dr-
GRADATION | + -At.] Of or pertaining to (biological)
degradation ; manifesting structural degradation.
1863 Dana in Amer. Frni. Sc. §& Arts and Ser. XXXVI.
4 They [Entomostracans] are degradational forms as well
as the Myriapods., /did. 5 The distinction of the Ento-
mostracans .. consists rather in their degtadational cha-
racters than in any peculiarities of the mouth.
De: stor. vave. [Agent-n. in L. form, from
late L. dégradare to DEGRADE.] One who degrades
or deprives of rank.
x R. W. Dixon Hist. Ch. Eng. 1V.
and of archiepiscopal degree the deg:
remove the pall.
ge, gmages a. Obs. [f. dégradat-, ppl.
stem of late L. p Mie + -oRY.] Having the
quality of degrading ; tending to degrade.
From a de-
ator shall first
‘DEGRADE.
1783 W. F. Martyn Geog. Mag. I. 407 Other degradatory
circumstances. 1786 Francis the Philan. 111. 166 A species
of imposition so degradatory to the republic of letters.
Degrade (d/gréi-d), v. Also 5 degrate, -grayd,
6 -graid, 7 di-. [ME. a. OF. degrader (12th c.),
occasionally desg-, = Pr. de-, desgrader, Sp. de-
gradar, It. degradare :—late eccl. L. dégradare, f.
Dr- I. 1, down, from + gradus degree.]
1. trans. To reduce from a higher to a lower
rank, to depose from (+ of) a position of honour
or estimation.
1325 Soug of Yesterday 11 in E. E. P. (1862) 133 Hou
sone pat god hem may degrade. 1375 Barsour Bruce 1.
175 Schir Ihon the ballgoll .. was king bot a litill quhile ..
degradyt syne wes he honour and off dignite. @ 1400-50
Alexander 2670 Darye .. semblis his kny3tis.. And gessis
him wele .. to degrayd pe grekis muaistir. 1624 MAssINGER
Parl, Love v. i, Thou dost degrade thyself of all the
honours Thy ancestors left thee. 164x Sir E. Derinc in
Rushw. //ist. Coll. (1692) 11. I. 295 Neither you here, nor
Mr. Speaker in the House can degrade any one of us from
these Seats. 1662 STILLINGFL. Orig. Sacr. ul. iii. § 2 They
degraded him from the very title of a Philosopher. 1788
Rew Aristotle's Log. iv. § 3. 80 An affirmative may be
degraded into a negative. 1874 Ho. ano Mistry. Manse
xii. 56 Change That would degrade her to a thing Of
homely use and household care. 1876 J. H. Newman //ist.
S&. IL. ut. vii. 342 The man who made this boast was him-
self degraded from his high estate.
2. spec. To depose (a person) formally from his
degree, rank, or position of honour as an act of
punishment, as to degrade a knight, a military
officer, a graduate of a university.
Cf. DisGrape, which in 15-16th c. was the more usual
word to express legal and formal degradation.
¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 12576 The grekes.. Ordant hym Em-
perour by opon assent, And Agamynon degrated of his degre
pan. 1508 Kennepy Flyting w. Dunbar 397, | sall degraid
the, graceles, of thy greis. 1591 Suaxs. 1 Aen. V7, 1W. i. 43
He then .. Doth but vsurpe the Sacred name of Knight ..
And should... Be quite degraded, like a Hedge-borne Swaine.
1621 Exvsinc Debates Ho, Lords (Camden) 65 Whether St
Fra, Michell shalbe degraded of his knighthood for parte
of his punishment or noe? 1628 Mrave in Ellis Orig. Lett.
Ser. 1. III. 277 His censure was to be degraded both from
her ministry and degrees taken in the University. 17
Hearne Codlect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 206 The University
of Dublin having expell’d and degraded Mr. Forbes. 1875
Jowerr Plato (ed. 2) IIL. 351 The soldier who .. is guilty of
any other act of cowardice. should be degraded into the
rank of a husbandman or artisan.
b. To inflict ecclesiastical degradation upon ; to
deprive of his orders.
1395 Purvey Remonstr. (1851) 37 He that .. blasfemith
God in othere manere be deposid or degratid if he is a
clerk. 1480 Caxton Chron, Eng. ccxlvii. 313 The first day
of march after was sir william taillour preest degrated of
his preesthode. 1555 WatreMAN Fardle Factions 1. xii.
268 ‘To the Bisshoppe was giuen authoritie..to put Priestes
from the Priesthode: and to degrade theim, when thei
deserue it. 1681 Baxter Afol. Nouconf. Min. 39 Magis-
trates might degrade ministers. 1782 Priesttey Corrupt.
Chr. 11. x. 268 A priest could not be degraded but by eight
bishops. 1882 J. H. Brunt Ref Ch. Eng. II. 284 He was
formally degraded from the priesthood.
3. To lower in estimation; to bring into dis-
honour or contempt.
c1g00 Lancelot 749 Hyme thoght that it his worschip
wold degrade. 1560 Rottanp Crt. Venus wv. 470 Ladie
Venus 3e sall neuer degraid In word, nor deid, nor neuer
do hir deir =19771 Funius Lett. liv. 285, 1 will not insult
his misfortunes by a comparison that would degrade him.
1844 Emerson Lect. Yug. Amer. Wks. (Bohn) II. 306 The
aristocracy incorporated by law and education, degrades life
for the unprivileged classes.
4. To lower in character or quality ; to debase.
1650 FroysELt Gale of Opfport. (1652) Ep. Ded., At this
news the Ruffler is sodainly dismounted, and his courage
degraded. 1755 JoHNson, Degrade..to reduce from a
higher to a lower state, with respect to qualities. 1762
Gotpsm. Cit. W. cxviii, How low avarice can degrade
human nature. 1776 Apam Smitu WW, N. 1:v. viii. (1869) II.
235 English wool cannot be even so mixed with Spanish
wool as to enter into the composition. . without spoiling and
degrading in some degree the fabric of the cloth. 1857
Kincstey Zwo VY. Ago (1877) 432 So will an unhealthy
craving degrade a man. 1875 JoweTT Plato (ed. 2) V. 41
‘This custom has been the ruin of the poets, and has de-
graded the theatre. i 7 ’
b. To lower or reduce in price, strength, purity,
etc.; to reduce or tone down in colour (cf. DegRADA-
TION 2),
1844 Coppen Sfeeches (1878) 73 He proposed to degrade
prices instead of aiming to sustainthem. 1855 tr. Ladarte’s
Arts Mid. Ages ii. 72 How to degrade the tones with this
single enamel colour. 1873 E. Spon Workshop Receipts I,
320/r To prevent its greenish tint degrading the brilliancy
of dyed stuffs, or the purity of whites,
5. a. Biol. To reduce toa lower and less complex
organic type. b. Physics. To reduce (energy) to
a form less capable of transformation. ¢. Offices.
To lower in position in the spectrum ; to diminish
the refrangibility of (a ray of light) as by the action
of a fluorescent substance.
1862, 1876 [see DrGRApED Af/. a. 2]. 1870 ROLLESTON
Anim. Life 139 Annelids degraded by the special habit of
parasitism.
6. Geol. To wear down (rocks, strata, cliffs, etc.)
by surface abrasion or disintegration.
x812 Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos, 101 These agents [water
and air] gradually .. decompose and degrade the exterior of
strata. 1863 A.C, Ramsay Phys. Geog. i. (1878) 6 The
5 19*-2
DEGRADED.
uantity of material degraded and spread in the sea by
these united means is immense.
7. intr. To descend to a lower grade or type; to
exhibit a degradation of type or structure; to
degenerate.
1850 Tennyson Jx Mem, exxvii, No doubt vast eddies in
the flood Of onward time shall yet be made, And throned
races may degrade. 1863 Kincsiey Water Bab. 77 If he
says that things cannot degrade, that is my 3 downwards
into lower forms. a 1864 Wesster (citing Dana) s.v., A
family of plants or animals degrades through this or that
genus or group of genera. .
ize Univ. To postpone entering the
examination in honours for the degree of B.A. for
one year beyond the statutory dime.
1829 Camb. Univ, Cal. (1857) 24 tt no person who has
degraded be permitted, etc. a Daily News 13 Nov., To
grant permission to students who have degraded or who
wish to degrade to become candidates for University scholar-
ships or for any other academical honours during their
under, rechateahey 1880 Eagle Mag. (St. John's Coll.,
Camb) XI. 189 G. S., Scholar, has obtained permission to
‘degrade’ to the Tripos of 1881.
Degraded (digré'-déd), pp/. a. [f. Decrape
v.l+-ED1.]
1. Lowered in rank, position, reputation, char-
acter, etc. ; debased.
1483 Cath, Angl. 94 Degradid, degradatus, 1614 Sy.-
vesteR Bethulia’s Rescue v. 499 By long Swathes of their de-
graded Grasse, Well show the way their sweeping Scithes did
pass. 1643 Mitton Divorce 1. xv. (1851) 101 The restoring
of this degraded law, 1781 Gispon Decd. & F. III. 235 The
degraded emperor of the Romans. 1858 Max MULLER
Chips (1880) I. ii. 60 There is, perhaps, no race of men so
low and degraded. 1885 Catholic Dict. 253/2 The consecra-
tion of the Eucharist by a degraded priest is .. valid.
2. a. Biol. Showing structural or functional de-
gradation, b. Physics. Of energy: Changed into
a form less capable of transformation.
1862 Darwin Fertil. Orchids vi. 271 The pollen grains ..
in all other genera, excepting the degraded Cephalanthera.
1876 Tait Rec. Adv. Phys, Sc. vi. 146 Degraded energy
meaning energy less capable of being transformed than
before. 1883 ii. Drummonp Nat. Law in Spir. IW. iii.
(1884) 101 Degeneration. .by which the organism. . becomes
more and more adapted to a degraded form of life.
3. Geol. Having suffered degradation, worn down.
1869 Puitiirs Vesuv. viii. 229 Old broken and degraded
crateriform ridges,
4. Ofcolour: Reduced in brilliancy, toned down.
1877 A. B. Epwarps Up Nile i. 9 The outer robe, or
gibbeh, is generally of some beautiful degraded colour, such
as maize, mulberry, olive, peach.
Hence Degra‘dedly adv.; Degra‘dedness.
1791 Paine Rights of Man 1. (ed. 2) 38 A vast mass of
mankind are degradedly thrown into the back-ground.
31824 LANpor Jay. Conv.Wks. (1846) I. 185/2 A government
more systematically and more degradedly tyrannical. 1883
Pall Mall G. 19 Dec. 2/2 He sees..the misery and de-
gradedness of the poor, the callousness of many rich.
Degraded, a. //er. [f. De-1 + L. grad-us
step + -ED.] Of across: Set on steps, or having
step-like extensions at the ends connecting it with
the sides of the shield.
1562 LeicH Armorie (1597) 35 Hee beareth Geules, a
Crosse manye degraded fitche Argent. 1727-51 CHAMBERS
Cycl. s.v., A Cross degraded is a cross marked, or divided
into steps at each end, diminishing as they ascend towards
the middle, or centre ; by the French called perronnée. 1882
Cussans Handbk. Her. 64 A Cross set on Steps (usually
three) is Degraded, or On Degrees.
+ Degra'dement. Os. [a. obs. F. dégrade-
ment (1611 in Cotgr.) = degradation ; see -MENT.]
Degradation, abasement.
1641 Mitton Reform, 11. (1851) 61 So the words of Ridley
at his degradment..expressly shew. 1648 — 7enure Kings
34 By their holding him in prison .. which brought him to
the lowest degradement,
De: er (dégréi-dax). [f. DEGRADE v. +-ER1.]
1. One who or that which degrades or debases.
1746 W. Horstey Fool (1748) No. 51 » 3 The Degraders
were left to laugh at each other in due Order. 1754 Ricu-
ARDSON Grandison Ixiii, What a degrader even of high spirits
is vice. 1804-6 Syp. Smitu Sk, Mor. Phil. xviii. (e850) 255
As the degraders of human nature have said,
2. Cambridge Univ. See DEGRADE v. 8.
1860 G. Fercuson in Encycl, Brit, (ed, 8) XXI. 465 A
statute was enacted in 1829, by which degraders are not
lowed to p th es for university scholarships, or
any other academical h » without special permi .
(dégrét'din), vb/. sb. [f. DeGRADE
v.14+-1NG!.] The action of the verb Decrabr.
r Evance Nodle Ord. 2 — degrading, or Gods
revoking of his promise. 1853 Kincstey Hyfatia xxvii,
(1879) 341 It was a carnal degrading of the Supreme One.
pogun ting, ppl.a. [-1NG?.]
1. That Segrades or debases.
1684 Eart Roscom. Zss. Transl. Verse (1709) 43 De-
ading Prose explains his meaning ill. 1773 Mrs. Cuarone
mprov. Mind (1774) aE, A... generous kind of anger..
has nothing in it sinful or degrading. 1814 Scorr Wav. ix,
Engaged in this laborious and... degrading office. 2!
Macautay Hist, Eng. U1. 448 A superstition as stupi
and ss as the igyptian worship of cats and onions.
Mod. Boarding School Prospectus. ere are no degrading
punishments.
2. Geol. Wearing down a surface.
1842 H. Miter O. R, Sandst. x. (ed. 2) 228 The degrad-
ing process is the same as that to which sandstones .. are
exposed during severe frosts. 1880 Haucuton Phys. Geog,
ii. 45 The absence of degrading forces at the sea
148
Hence Degra'dingly adv.; Degra‘dingness.
1707 Norris Treat. Humility vi. 289 He that disparages,
oaks cueenes ot ae Fer bly be much
the prouder man of the two. 1803 Aun. “ 253 Two men
Ww i d,d ingly b Dickens
Mut. Fr. 1. iv, We are ingly poor, 1818 BentHam
Ch. Eng. 274 Degrading! of. .its inh y in the very
essence of a Sinecure, mention has been already made.
+ Degra‘duate, v. Ods. [f. Dz- Il. 1+ Gra-
DUATE | trans. To depose from rank or dignity ;
to d le from an office or position.
se: VELYN Mem. (1857) saat Since (after degraduatin;
the Lord Mayor) they have voted five more of the princi
aldermen out of the city government. 1814 G. Dyer Hist.
Univ, Cambridge 1. 414 By mistaking the character, and
degraduating him, we lose sight of the dignity of the poeta
laureatus, -
ua'tion!, Obs. rare—'. [n. of
action f. prec.: see -ATION.] Degradation, abase-
ment from rank or dignity.
1581 Ricn Farewell (1846) 85 Besides the degraduation of
her honour, she thrusteth her self into the pitte of per-
petualle infamie. -
+ De-gradua‘tion 2. Paint. Obs. [f. De-I.1
+graduation.] Gradual diminution to give the
effect of distance : cf. DEGRADATION ”.
1784 i. Barry Lect. Art v. ha 194 Perspective imita-
tions of the aerial as well as lineal Ff -graduations of the
object. /bid. 197 In the ancient bas-reliefs there certainly
is not much attention paid to any de-graduation of objects
and their effects.
+ Degrandinate, v. Obs. rare—°. [f. L. dé-
grandinare, f. De- 1, 1 or 3 + grandinare to hail,
f. grando, grandin-em hail.] (See quots.)
1623 Cockeram, Degrandinate, to haile downe right.
1656 BLount Glossogr., Degrandinate, to hail much.
+ De’ vate, v. Ods. [f. L. dégravare to
weigh down, f. DE- I. 1 +.gravare to load, burden :
see -ATE3.] ¢vans. To weigh down, burden, load.
1574 Newton Health Mag. 54 They degravate the tongue
and hinder the speech. 1727 Batey vol. II, Degravate,
to make heavy, to burden. 7
+ Degrava‘tion. 0s. [n. of action f. L. dé-
gravare: see prec.] The action of making heavy.
1755 in JOHNSON.
grease, v.: see De- II. 2.
Degree (digr7*), sé. Forms: 3-6 degre, (3
de-grece, 4-5 pegre, 5 decre, dygre), 6 degrie,
4- degree; also f/. 5 degrece, degreces. See
also Gree. [ME. degre, pl. -ez, a. OF. degre,
earlier nom. degrez, obl. degret (St. Alexis, 11th c.)
Pr. degrat, degra :—late pop. L. *dégrad-us, -um,
f. De- I. 1 down + grad-us step.]
1. A step in an ascent or descent ; one of a flight
of steps; a step or rung of a ladder. Ods, (exc. in
Heraldry) .
crago S. Eng. Leg. 1. 482/44 Huy brouzhten him up-on
an he de-grece bat muche folk him cha cxgas LE. E.
Allit. P, A. 1021 Pise twelue degres wern brode and stayre,
le cyte stod abof. c 3 Mavunpev. (1839) xxvii. 276 The
Jegrees to gon up to his Throne. a1400-s0 Alexander
5636 And xij degreces all of gold for gate vp of lordis. 1483
Caxton Cato Av, He sawea ladder whyche had ten degrees
or stappes. 1598 Hak.uyr Voy. I. 69 ‘There were certain
degrees or staires to ascend vnto it. 1601 SHaks. Ful. C.
11. 1. 26 He then vnto the Ladder turnes his Backe. .scorning
the base degrees By which he did ascend. 1682 WHELER
Journ. Greece v. 385 Raised upon half a dozen steps or
degrees, 1738 Near Hist. Purit, IV. 171 At the upper
end there was an ascent of two degrees covered with carpets.
1864 Bourret, Heraldry Hist. & ni, oh 28 When placed
upon steps. .a Cross is said to be on Degrees.
b. ¢ransf. Something resembling a step ; each
of a series of things placed one above another like
steps; row, tier, shelf, etc.
1611 Coryat Crudities 201 Goodly windowes, with three
degrees of glasse in them, each containing sixe rowes. 1611
Heywoop Gold. Age 11. Wks. 1874 IIL, 28 In chace we clime
the high degrees Of euerie steepie mountaine._ 1704 HEARNE
Duct. Hist. (1714) 1. 427 The Ship of excessive Magnitude
with 20 Oars built for King Hiero, 1726 Leoni
Alberti’s Archit. 11. 37 b, If the Cupola have a cover on the
outside made with degrees like steps. ae S. . WicLEY
Borromeo's Instr. Eccl. Building xv. 46 the wooden
degree on the after part of the altar,
. fig. A step or stage in a process, etc., esp, one
in an ascendin, ior descending scale.
c 1230 Hali Meid. 2 maht bi pe degrez of hare blisse
a. hwuch and wie caved gt an mat bs odre.
1sgo Pacer in Froude /7ist. Lng. (1881) IV. 502 ‘ich re-
cognizance is the first_ degree to amendment. 1600 Saks.
A. Y. L. viv. “ Can you nominate in order now the
degrees of the lye? 1600
. Biount tr. Conestaggio 246 The
greatest in Spain aspire .. to be Viceroy of N where-
unto they labour to come by many degrees. RYDEN
Marr. @ la Mode w. ii, To go unknown is the next degree
to going invisible. 1713 Sreece Sfect. No, 422 P 1 To say
_ thing which ., brings blushes into his Face, is a degree of
er.
b. esp. in phr. By degrees: by successive steps
or stages, by little and little, gradually. .
1563-7 BucHAnan Reform. St. Andros Wks. (1892) 12 Thyr
regentis sal pas be degreis the hail cours of dialectic, logic,
etc. 1604 Suaxs. O?A. 11. iii. 377 What wound did euer heale
but by degrees? 1684 R. H. School Recreat. 31 Fill it by
Degrees. 1700 S. L, tr. Fryke's Voy. 109 Several of our Com-
pany. foes in by degrees. 1711 Appison Sfect, No. 123
? s His Acquaintance with her by degrees grew into Love,
& Emma 4 fi Be epee | beau-
a@172at Prior
Wazs iii, The c of Colonel
tifully less. 1814
DEGREE.
Talbot dawned upon Edward by degrees. |
Novel w. iii, By d he my ey |
‘ovel Ww. iii, legrees he began to resign more
Sees ie Nominai’s ore and tation:
3. A ‘step’ in direct line of descent ; in f/. the
number of such steps, upward or downward, or
both upward to a common ancestor and downward
from him, determining the proximity of blood of
collateral descendants.
Prohibited or forbidden degrees : the number of such steps
within which iag' Spee d; deg of
aged and affinity within which marriage is not allowed.
n the Civil Law the degree of relationship between col-
1 Is is d by the ber of steps up from one of
them to the common ancestor and thence down to the other;
according to the Canon Law by the number of steps from
the common ancestor to the party more remote from him;
uncle and niece are ing to the former related in the
third, according to the latter in the second degree.
a i Cursor M. 5603 (Gott.) A man was of bis genealogy
Fra him bot po tober degre. _¢ 1340 ag (Fairf.) Qua-
sim wil se fra adam pe alde How many degrees to criste is
talde. c1450 Golagros & Gaw. 1044 Na nane of the nynt
degre haue noy of “y name, 1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII, c. 20
Preamb., Beyng of kyn and alied unto the said John..
within the second and third degree. 1540 Act 52 Hen. V//1,
c. 38 title, Concerning precontracts and degrees of Con-
sanguinite. c1gso CuEKeE Matt. i. 17 Therfoor from David
unto Abraham theer weer feorteen degrees. 1604 Canons
Ecclesiastical (1852) 48 No person shall within the
degrees prohibit Mg the laws of God. 1660 ft Tayior
Duct. Dubit. 237 The reasons why the Projectors of the
Canon law did forbid to the fourth or to the seventh degree.
1762 Univ. Mag. Mar. 119 She was the daughter of Margaret,
the eldest sister of Henry VIII .. and .. was one degree
nearer the royal blood of "England than — 1824 Scotr
St. —- xxxi, I ——_ ae eg — pied fighting,
as there is no marriage, within the forbidden degrees. 1848
Wuarton Law Lex. 406 Marriages between collaterals to the
| third degree inclusive, ree | to the mode of computation
in the civil law, are prohibit Cousins german or first
cousins, being in the fourth degree of collaterals, may marry.
b. Used, by extension, of ethnological relation-
ship through more or less remote common ancestry.
1799 W. Tooke Russian Emp. 11. 104 The nations that..
ead. in various degrees of affinity with the Samoyedes.
4. A stage or position in the scale of dignity or
rank ; relative social or official rank, grade, order,
estate, or station.
c1230 Hali Meid. 15 Se pu herre stondest, beo sarre
| offearet to fallen for se herre degre. ¢ 1385 EZ. E. Altit. P.
B. 92 Ful manerly with marchal mad for to sitte, As he
watz dere of de-gre, dressed his seete. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pro.
744 Al haue I folk nat set in here degre. — Clerk's T. 369
He saugh that vnder low degre Was ofte vertu y-hid. ¢ 1420
Sir Amadace (Camden) |, Kny3te, squiere, 3oman and knaue,
Iche mon in thayre degre. %c1475 Sgr. lowe Degre 1 It
was a squyer of lowe degré That loved the Kings doughter
of Hungré. ¢1510 More Picus Wks. 11/2 Holding myself
content with my bokes and rest, of a childe haue lerned to
liue within my degree. 1548 Hatt Chron. 186 Men of al
ages & of al degrees to him dayly repaired. ax Hey-
woop Fortune by Land 1, ii, Do you think I..would marry
under the degree of a Gentlewoman? 1746 W. Harris in
Priv. Lett. Ld. Malmesbu
unequal degrees,
b. A rank or class of persons, ? Ods.
cr Cursor M. 27715 (Cotton Galba) None .. may fle
enuy, Bot pouer caitefs.. None has enuy till bat degre.
1470-85 Matory Arthur 1x. xxxv, ne alle the estates
and degrees hyhe and lowe sayd of syr launcelot grete
worship, 1577 NorTHBROOKE Dicing (1849) 105 So much
— now a dayes amongst all sorts de; 1585
. Wasuincton tr. Nicholay's Voy. u. xiii. 48 b, Without
sparyng an’ ¢ or degree. 1622 Sparrow Bk. Com, Prayer
(1661) 249 ishop .. begins,.. all the degrees of Ecclesi-
asticks singing with him. a1754 Frecvinc es Lisbon
Wks. 1882 VII. 27 This barbarous custom is peculiar to the
English, and of them only to the lowest degree.
kerver or sewer most asserve every disshe Gegre, after
and course of servise as folowith. R. H. School
Recreat, 8 The is first a Rabbet, then an
Coney. ‘Thus much for their Names, Degrees, and
To speak briefly of the
Seasons of the several
5. Relative condition or state of being; manner,
way, wise ; relation,
¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 55 He stombled at a chance,
& felle on his kne, Porgh pe schank he ros, & serued in
¢ 1385 Cuaucer LZ. G. W. 1031 Dido, We .. Be
his de;
howd sclaundred, and in swiche degre, No lenger for to
lyven I ne kepe. Chron, Vilod. 963 Bot sone after-
ward he felle into suche d: pat gret sekenesse come his
need to. Two Cookery bt 36 tigen | on with
nderys, oper ine, on
a-nother degre, so pat pey ben d . €1ge0o Merchant
$ Son in Halliwell Nuga Poet. 38 ‘To see yow come in thys
legre,
one degtee in place of a Servant, so is he in another
in place of a frie!
6. A step or stage in intensity or amount; the
relative intensity, extent, measure, or amount of a
ansnitys attribute, or action.
closely related to sense 2.
¢1380 Wycuir Se/, Wks, 111. a Cristene men .. shulde
DEGREE.
have discerved most pauk of God in degre possible to hem.
1414 Bramrron Pexit, Ps. i. t How I had synned, and what
degre. 1538 Starkey Exgland 1. ii. 45 By the reson wherof
felycyte admyttyth .. degres ; and some haue more wele,
and som les. 1586 B. Younc Guasso's Civ. Conv. 1v. 192
Judge to what degree or stint he ought to delaie it [wine]
with water. 160x Suaxs. 7'wed. NV.1. v.61 Misprision in the
highest degree. 1652 J. Wricut tr. Camus’ Nat. Parad.,
Who knew themselves greater aud more beautifull many
degrees. 1667 Mitton P. Z. v. 490 The latter most is ours,
Differing but in degree, of kind the same. 1739 Hume Ham,
Nat, (1874) I. 1. v. 323 When any two objects possess the same
quality in common, the degrees, in which they possess it, form
a fifth species of relation. 1824 Loner. in Life (1891) I. v. 55,
I have the faculty of abstraction to a wonderful degree.
b. A degree; aconsiderable measure or amount
of. Toa degree (colloq.): to an undefined, but con-
siderable or serious, extent; extremely, seriously.
To the last degree: to the utmost measure.
1639 T. Brucis tr. Camus’ Moral Relat. 165 Whose fire
was come to the last degree of it’s violence. 1665 DrypEN
Indian Emp. u. iv, Thou mak’st me jealous to the last de-
gree. 172x D’Urrey New Ofera’s, etc. 251 The Cadiz,
raging to degree. 1737 Bracken Varriery [mpr. (1757) II.
249 Let any one walk in a cold Air, so that his Feet if cold
to a Degree. 1775 SHERIDAN Rivals u. i, Assuredly, sir,
your father is wrath to a degree. 1865 CartyLe Fredk.
Gt. VIL, xvu. ii. 18 A Czarina obstinate to a degree; would
not consent, 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) IV. 13 Few philoso-
phers will deny that a degree of pleasure attends eating and
drinking. 1888 Sectator 30 June 878 His argument .. is
far-fetched to the last degree.
+e. Applied in the natural philosophy of the
Middle Ages to the successive stages of intensity
of the elementary qualities of bodies (heat and cold,
moisture and dryness) ; see quots. Ods.
c 1400 Lanfranc’s Ci ged x1 pilke bing pat we seie is hoot
in pe firste degree pat is I-heet of kyndely heete pat is in
oure bodies. 1578 Lyte Dodoens u. Ixxxiii. 261 Rue is hoate
and dry in the thirde degree, 1727-51 Campers Cyc.
s.v,, The degrees usually allowed are four, answering to
the number of the peripatetic elements. In the school
philosophy, the same qualities are divided into eight .. Fire
was held hot in the eighth degree, and dry in the fourth
degree, ay
da. Crim. Law. Relative measure of criminality,
as in Principal in the first, or second, degree: see
quots. In U.S. Law, A distinctive grade of crime
(with different maximum punishments), as ‘murder
in the first degree’, or ‘ second degree ’.
a id Hate Pleas of Crown (1736) 1. 613 Those, who did
actually commit the very fact of treason, should be first tried
before those, that are principals in the second degree. /did.
615 By what hath been formerly deliverd, principals are in
two kinds, principals in the first degree, which actually com-
mit the offense, principals in the second degree, which are
present, aiding, and abetting of the fact to be done. 1797
Yacob's Law Dict. s.v. Accessary, A man may bea sips 1
in an offence in two degrees ., he must be certainly guilty,
either as principal or accessary. . and if principal, then in the
first degree, for there is no, .superior in the guilt, whom he
could aid, abet, or assist. 1821 JEFFERSON A fod. Writings
1892 I. 65 They introduced [1796] the new terms of murder
in the rst and 2d degree. 1877 J. F. Srernen Digest Crim.
Law art. 35 Whoever actually commits or takes part in the
actual commission of a crime is a principal in the first de-
gree, whether he is on the spot when the crime is committed
or not,
II. Specific and technical senses.
7. A stage of proficiency in an art, craft, or course
of study: a. esp. An academical rank or distinc-
tion conferred by a university or college as a mark
of proficiency in scholarship; also (honorary de-
gree) as a recognition of distinction, or a tribute of
honour. ‘ i
Originally used of the preliminary steps to the Mastership
or Doctorate, i.e. the Bachelorship and License 3 afterwards
of the Mastership also. (As to the origin, see quot. 1794.)
(1284 Chart, Univ. Paris. I. 1. No. 515 Determinatio [i.e.
the Disputation for B.A.] est unus honorabilis gradus attin-
gendi magisterium.] ¢ 1380 Wycuir Wks. (1880) 427 Degre
takun in scole makib dis word more acceptable, and
pe puple trowip betere perto whanne it is seyd of a maistir.
1481 ton Myrr.1. v.26 Without hauyng the degree and
name of maistre, 1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 42
That I shuld... go well enough forward in lerninge but
never take any high degree in schooles. 1606 Saks, 77.
& Cr... iii. 104, 1614 Be, Hatt Recoll, Treat. 772 You have
twice kneeled to our Vice-Chauncellour, when you were ad-
mitted to your degree. 1708 Hearne Collect. 17 June, This
day Mr. Carter .. accumulated y® Degrees of Bach, and
Doct, of Divinity. @1794 Ginson Axtobiog. 29 The use of
academical degrees, as old as the thirteenth century, is visibly
borrowed from the mechanic corporations: in which an ap-
prentice, after serving his time, obtains a testimonial of his
skill, and a licence to practice his trade and mystery. 1828
Scorr F. M. Perth xi, A medal .. which intimated, in the
name of some court or guild of minstrels, the degree she had
taken in the Gay or ‘Peyote Science. 1868 M. Pattison
Acadent. Org. v. 128:To pass through the whole of this
course. . whose successive steps were called degrees (gradus),
required at least twenty years.
‘omb. 1886 W. Hooper Sketches fr. Academic Life 51
It [an M.A. degree] had been obtained from one of these de-
factories. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commonw. ILI,v1, cii. 462
They complain of the multiplication of degree-giving bodies.
b. Freemasonry. Each of the steps of proficiency
in the order, conferring successively higher rank on
the initiated, as the first or ‘entered apprentice
degree’, the second or ‘fellow craft degree’, the
third or ‘degree of master mason’,
There are 33 degrees recognized by the Ancient and Ac-
cepted Scottish Rite, besides many others considered more
149
or less irregular. Some bodies recognize-only three de-
grees.
€1430 Freemasonry 727 To the nexte degre loke wysly, ‘To
do hem reverans by and by. 1878 Fort Early Hist. Free-
masonry, A society comprising three degrees of laborers,—
masters, fellows, and apprentices. 1881 Yext-bh, Free-
masonry 27 There are several degrees in Freemasonry with
peculiar secrets restricted to each.
8. Gram. Each of the three stages (Positive,
CoMPARATIVE, SUPERLATIVE) in the comparison of
an adjective or adverb.
{A technical application of sense 6.]
1460-70 Bk. Quintessence 22 Pe feuere agu is be posityue
degree, and in be superlatyue degree. 1530 Patscr. Introd.
28 Adjectyves have thre degrees of comparation, 1621
Burton Anat. Mel. ut. ii. vi. § 3 If..any were mala, pejor,
pessima, bad in the superlative degree, 'tisa whore. 1707
J. Stevens tr. Quevedo's Com. Wks. (1709) 145 He was the
Superlative Degree of Avarice. 1855 Renee Hindistint
Gram, bec 34 The adjectives in Hindtistani have no
regular degrees of comparison. 1888 Pall Madi G. 31 Oct.
4/1 There are three degrees of comparison in Empire, as in
grammar, The positive is the chartered company; the com-
parative is a protectorate ; the superlative, annexation.
9. Geom. (Astron., Geog., etc.) A unit of mea-
surement of angles or circular arcs, being an angle
equal to the goth part of a right angle, or an arc
equal to the 360th part of the circumference of a
circle (which subtends this angle at the centre).
The sign for degrees is °, thus 45° = forty-five degrees.
‘This division of the circle is very ancient, and appears to
have been originally applied to the circle of the Zodiac, a
degree being the stage or distance travelled by the sun each
day according to ancient Babylonian and Egyptian computa-
tion, just as a sigz represented the space passed through in
a month.
1386 Cuaucer Sgr.'s 7. 378 The yonge sonne That in the
Ram is foure degrees vp ronne. _ c 1391 — Astvol.1. §6 The
entring of the first degree in which the sonne arisith. /67d.
1. $22 I proue it thus by the latitude of Oxenford..the
heyhte of owre pool Artik fro owre north Orisonte is 51
degrees and 50 Minutes. 1413 Lyne. Pilgr. Sowde v. i. (1859)
70 In the hole compas of the spyere ben of such degrees |
thre honderd and syxty. 1527 in Arber 1s¢ 3 Eng. Bhs.
Amer. Pref. p. xiv, We ranne in our course to the North-
ward, till we came into 53 degrees..and then we cast about
to the Southward, and..came into 52 degrees. 1559 W.
Cunnincuam Cosmogr. Glasse 58 Cosmographers do place
the first degre of Longitude in the West fortunate Ilandes.
1590 Wesse 7rav. (1868) 25 Being thus in the land of prester
Tohn, I trauelled within Eighteene degrees of y® Sun, euery
degree being in distance three score miles. 1665 MANLEY
Grotius LowC. Warres 471 A Land full of grass. .pleasantly
een, where the Pole is elevated eighty degrees. 1719 Dv
‘or Crusoe (1840) II, ii. 26 In the latitude of 27 degrees
sminutes N. 1823 H. J. Brooke /ntrod. Crystallogr. 2 The
angle at which they meet is said to measure go”, and is
termed a right angle. 1867 J. Hocc Microsc. 1,1. 11 Trans-
mitting a pencil of eighteen degrees. ;
b. ¢ransf. A position on the earth’s surface or
the celestial sphere, as measured by degrees (chiefly
of latitude).
1647 Cow.ey Mistress, Parting iii, The men of Learning
comfort me; And say I’m in a warm Degree, 1663 BUTLER
Hud. 1.1. 174 He knew the Seat of Paradise, Could tell in
what Degree it lies. 1726 Adv. Caft. R. Boyle 175 The next
Day we discover'd the Magellan Clouds. . These Clouds are
always seen in the same Degree, and the same orbicular
Form, a
10. Thermometry. a. A unit of temperature,
varying according to the scaleemployed. b. Each
of the marks denoting degrees of temperature on
the scale of a thermometer, or the interval between
two successive marks.
The interval between the freezing and boiling points of
water is divided in Fahrenheit's scale into 180 degrees, in
the Centigrade into 100, in Réaumur’s into 80, The symbol
°is used in this sense as in prec. ; thus 32° Fahr. means
‘ thirty-two degrees of Fahrenheit’s scale’.
1727-51 CHAMBERS Cyci.s.v. Thermometer,Various methods
have been proposed .. for finding a fixed point, or degree of
heat and cold, from which to account the other degrees, and
adjust the scale. x Hutton Math. Dict. s.v. Thermo-
metey, The distance between these two points he divided
into 600 equal parts or degrees; and by trials he found at
the freezing point ., that the mercury stood at 32 of these
divisions. 1812 Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos. 70 Raised from
the degree of freezing to that of boiling water. 1877 Watts
Dict. Chem. V. 762 sx. Thermometer, Thermometers in-
tended to show the 4 of a degree (Fahr.), should have
degrees not less than + inch in length. Jd. 763 For
meteorological use, the degrees should still be etched on the
glass, but may be repeated on the metal scale.
ll. Aus. a, The interval between any note of a
scale (esp. the diatonic scale) and the next note.
b, Each of the successive notes forming the scale.
ce, Each of the successive lines and spaces on the
stave, which denote the position of the notes ; the
interval between two of these.
{1597 Mortey /utrod. Mus. 12 Those which we now call
Moodes, they tearmid degree of Musicke.] 1674 PLayrorp
Skill Mus. 1. 40'The asunder, the one Le ee,
theotherbyleap. 1684. R. H. School Recreat. 115 ive
Lines and Spaces .. are useful, as Steps or Gradations where-
on the of Sound are to be expressed. 1727-51
CuamBers Cycl. s.v., The musical d are three; the
greater tone, the lesser sone, aid the semi-tone. /éid.,
Conjoint degrees, two notes which immediately follow each
other in the order of the scale, 1880 Strainer Composition
iii, All the degrees of a scale can be harmonized by chords
formed by combining sounds of that scale, 1880 C. H. H.
Parry in Grove Dict. Mus. s. v., The interval of a second
is one degree, the interval of a third two degrees, and
sQ on,
DEGUM.
+12. Arith. A group of three figures taken
together in numeration. Odés,
Be: 5 Reese Arith, (1696) 15 These places are distinguished
into Degrees and Periods. Degrees are three ; Once, Ten
times, a Hundred times. a 1677 Cocker’s Arith. (1688) i.§9
A degree consists of three figures, viz. of three places com-
prehending Units, Tens, and Hundreds, so 365 is a degree.
{Hence in Jounson, etc.]
13. A/g. The rank of an equation or expression
as determined by the highest power of the unknown
or variable quantity, or the highest dimensions of
the terms, which it contains.
Thus 234.2%, x¢y+.2y, are both expressions of the third
degree; the terms x? and +*y being each of 3 dimensions.
In algebraic geometry, the degree of a curve or surface is
that of the equation expressing it. tParodic degree: see
quot. 1730.
_ 1730-6 Battery (folio), Parodic Degree (in Algebra) is the
index or exponent of any power; so in numbers, 1. is the
parodick degree, or exponent of the root or side; 2. of the
square, 3. of the cube, etc. 1796 Hutton Math. Dict. s.v.,
Equations .. are said to be of such a degree according to
the highest power of the unknown quantity. 1870 ‘Tov-
HUNTER A leedra ix. §166 An equation of the first degree
cannot have more than oneroot. 1872 B. WiLtiamson Diff.
Calc. xiv. § 204 When the lowest terms in the equation of a
curve are of the second degree, the origin is a double point.
Lbid. § 207 The curves considered in this Article are called
parabolas of the third degree.
Degree (digrz), v. [f. DEGREE 5é.]
+1. trans. To advance by degrees; to lead or
bring on step by step. Ods.
1614 T, Avams Devil's Banquet 168 Thus is the soules
death degreed up. Sin gathers strength by custom, and
creeps like some contagious disease..from joint to joint.
1627-77 FevtHam Resolves 1. iii. 4, 1 like that Love, which by
a soft ascension, does degree itselfin the soul. 1636 Heywoop
Challenge 1. Wks. 1874 V. 27, Degree thy tortures, like an
angry tempest, Rise calmely first, and keepe thy worst rage
last. a1670 Hacker Abp, Williams u. 189 (D.), I will
degree this noxious neutrality one peg higher.
+b. absol. Obs. rare.
1638 Heywoop London's Gate Wks. 1874 V. 273 There's
not a stone that’s Jaid in such foundation But is a step
degreeing to salvation.
. To confer a degree upon. nosce-wse.
[1s60: see DeGreep.] 1865 Mrs. Watney Gayzorthys ii.
(1879) 23 A divine. .degreed in due course as Doctor Divini-
tatis, 1891 Saz. Rev. 22 Aug, 208 The Demographers. .had
the good fortune to be welcomed and degreed at Cambridge.
Degreed (digr7d), a. [f. DeGREE sé, (and v.).]
1. Having an academical degree.
_ 1560 in Strype Aun. Ref. I. xvii. 215 Such as be degreed
in the Universities.
+2. Made or done by gradations, graduated.
1581 Mutcaster Positions xi. (1887) 50 Musick. .standeth
vpon an ordinate, and degreed motion of the voice,
+3. Having a (specified degree or rank. Ods.
1608 Heywoop Rafe of Lucire u. ili, We, that are degreed
above our people. 1656 S. H. Gold. Law 43 Are they not
both (though differently degree’d), servants to one and the
same Lord? ; ee
+4, Marked out in successive divisions. Ods.
1664 Power Exp. Philos. 23 Her two horns are all joynted
and degreed like the stops in the germination of some Plants.
Her, Of a cross: Placed upon ‘degrees’ or
steps; = DEGRADED. In mod. Dicts.
+ Degree‘ingly, adv. Obs. rare. [f. degreeing,
pres. pple. of DEGREE v. + -LY?.] By degrees,
gradually, step by step.
1627-77 Fevtuam Resolvest. xcvii. 151 Degreeingly to grow
to greatness, is the course that he hath left for Man.
Degree'less, ¢. rare. [-LEsS.]
1. Without degree or measurement ; measureless.
1839 Baitey Festus xix. (1848) 218 Deep in all dayless
time. degreeless space.
2. Without an academical degree or degrees.
1825 New Monthly Mag. X11. 414 Parliament could not
well refuse a degreeless university to..Londoners. 1892
Times (weekly ed.) 1 Jan. 21/4 The case of those who are..
left degreeless..is the hardest of all.
+ Degre'ss, v. Obs. rare—°. [f. L. dégress-,
ppl. stem of dégredz to descend, dismount ; f. DE-
I. 1+ gradi to step, go.]
168 CockeraM, Degresse, to vnlight from a Horse.
+Degre'ssion. Ods. [ad. L. dégression-em
going down, n. of action from dégredi (see prec.).]
Stepping down, descent. Also a textual variant of
DIGRESSION.
1486 Hen, VII at York in Surtees Misc. (1890) 55 For
your blode this citie made never degression. 1618 Lirucow
Pilgrim's Farewell, Thy stiffeneckt crew..misregarding
God, fall in degression.
Degrez, obs. pl. of DEGREE sd.
|| Degu (degz). Zool, [Native name in South
America.] A South American genus Octodon of
hystricomorphous or porcupine-like rodents ; esp,
the species O. Cumingii, abundant in Chili.
1843 List Mammalia Brit. Mus. 122 The cucurrito or the
Degus, Octodon Degus. 1883 Cassell’s Nat. Hist. Ul. 129
The Degu is a rat-like animal, rather smaller than the
Water Vole, the head and body measuring from seven and
a half to eight inches in length,
Deguise: see Discuisz.
+De-gulate, v. Obs. rare—°. [f. L. dégulare
to consume, devour, f. Dr- I. 1+ gu/a gullet.]
1623 Cockeram, Degu/ate, to consume in belly cheere.
Degum, v.; see De- II. 2,
me
° a
DEGUST.
(digw'st), v. rare. [ad. L. dégustare,
f. De- 1. 3 + gustare to taste. Cf. mod.F. déguster.]
trans. To taste ; es. to taste attentively, so as to
appreciate the savour. Also adso/.
13 CockeRAM, Degust, to taste. 1860 Reape Cloister &
H. ii. (D.), A soupe au vin, madam, I will degust, and
gratefully. 1883 Stevenson Silverado Sg. 17 Wine..a deity
to be invoked by two or three, all fervent, hushing their talk,
degusting tenderly.
Degustate (digo'steit), v. rave. [f. L. dé-
1. stem of dégustare : see prec.] =prec.
gustat-,
1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer’'s Bk. Physicke 85/2 When as we
can not digustate ether Meate, or Drincke. 1831 T. L.
Peacock Crotchet Castle iv. (1887) 56 Which gave the
divine an opportunity to degustate one or two side dishes.
Degustation (digzsté'fan). [ad. L. dégusta-
tion-em tasting, making trial of, n. of action from
dégustare: see Decust. Cf. F. dégustation.] The
action of degusting or tasting.
a 1656 Br. Hatt Souls Farew. Wks. 1837 VIL. 314 Carnal
delights ; the degustation whereof is wont to draw on the
heart to a more eager appetite. 1880 Daily Tel. 11 Oct.,
The ‘tasting bars’ devot
of alcoholic compounds. 2
Degustator (digu'stéta1). rare. [agent-n. in
L. form from L. dégustdre: see prec. Cf. mod.F,
dégustateur.| One who degusts, or tastes as a
connoisseur.
1833 New Monthly Mag. XX XVIII. 223 The numerous
degustators of oysters with which our capital abounds.
egustatory (digz'statari), a. [f. L. dégustat-,
ppl. stem of dégustare: see -onY.] Pertaining to
degustation ; tasty.
1824 New Monthly Mag. X1. 394 A constant ingurgitation
of degustatory morsels.
Deguyse, degyse: see DIsGulsE v.
Deh, obs. 3rd sing. pres. of Dow v.
|| Déhaché (deha‘fe), a. //er. [obs. F. déhaché
‘hacked, hewed, cut into small pieces’ (Cotgr.
1611), f. De- I. 1, 2+ Aacher to cut.] (See quots.)
1766 Porny //eraldry v. (1777) 158 If a Lion, or any other
Beast is represented with its limbs and body separated. .it
is then termed Déhaché or Couped in all its parts. [bid.
Gloss., Déhaché, this is an obsolete French word. .the term
Couped is now used in stead of it. 1880 G. T. Ciark in
Encycl; Brit. X1. 698/2 (Heraldry) In one or two well-
known instances on the Continent he [the lion] is ‘déhaché’,
that ts, his head and paws and the tuft of his tail are cut off.
+ Dehaw'st. Os. rare. [f. L. dehaust-um, pa.
pple. of déhaurire to draw or drain off, f. Dr- I. 2
+ haurire to draw, drain.] Drain, exhaustion.
1654 Coprincton tr. //ist, Justine 536 He being the cause
of the great Dehaust of moneys in the Exchequer. |.
Deheathenize, dehellenize, dehistoricize :
see De- II. 1.
Dehisce (dihis),v. [ad. L. dzhisc-bre to open
in chinks, gape, yawn, f. DE- I. 2 + Atscere, inceptive
of Adare to stand open, gape.] zur. To gape; in
Bot. to burst open, as the seed-vessels of plants.
1657 Tomiinson Renou's Disp. 259 Dehiscing with fre-
quent chinks. 1830 LinpLey Nat. Syst. Bot. 35 Ovarium
consisting of 5 carpella..dehiscing in various ways. 1859
Topp Cycl. Anat.V. 246/1 The organ. subsequently dehisces
in four valves. 1882 O’ Donovan Merv IIL. xliv. 241 The green
carpels..dehisce, separating and bending backwards.
Hence Dehi'scing ///. a.
1845 Linptey Sch. Bot. iv. (1858) 33 Valves ventricose..
scarcely dehiscing. : : :
Dehiscence (dthisséns). [ad. mod.L. dehi-
scentia ‘quum fructus maturus semina dispergat’
(Linneus), f. L. dzhescent-em, pr. pple. of déhiscére :
see -ENCE. So in mod.F.] Gaping, opening by
divergence of parts, esf, as a natural process: @.
Bot. The bursting open of capsules, fruits, anthers,
etc. in order to discharge their mature contents.
1828 WessteR cites Martyn. 1830 Linptey Nat. Ops
Bot. Introd. 29 In H lide dehi e is effected by
the falling off of the face of the anthers. 1870 Bentiey Sot,
243 The anthers. .open and discharge the contained pollen ;
this act is called the dehiscence of the anther.
b. Anim. Phys. Applied to the bursting open
of mucous follicles, and of the Graafian follicles, for
the a of their contents.
1859 Topp Cyc. Anat. V. 56/t The ova..drop by internal
dehiscence into the cavity of the ovary. 1870 RoLLeston
Anim. Life Introd, 38 The ova are set free by dehiscence
into the perivisceral cavity.
c. fig. an .
x axe Crhenalt Exp. xxxiii. (1856) 285 The dehiscence
. .of such tensely-compressed floes, must be the cause of the
loud explosions we have heard lately, 1860 O. W. Hotmes
Elsie V. 139 A house is a large pod with a human germ or
two in of its cells or chambers ; it opens by dehiscence
of the front Fann +. and projects one of its germs to Kansas,
to .
Dehiscent (dé hirsént), a. [ad. L. déhiscent-em,
pr. pple. of dzhiscére to Dentsce. So in mod.F.]
Gepieg open ; sfec., in Bot. opening as seed-vessels.
1649 Butwer Pathomyot. u. ii. 107 The Mouth. .is Dehis-
cent, P scarce Dehiscent into a " LinpLey
Sch. Bot. i. (1858) 17 If .. [the fruit] splits into when
ripe it is Z ne Grinnell Exp. xix.
it is called dehiscent. es Ex Gri Exp. xix
(1856) 145 The when the dehiscent edges and mountain
ravines... have worn down into rounded hill and gentle
valley. 1872 H. Macmitian True Vine iv. 162 The fruits
of many plants are dehiscent. .they open to scatter the seed.
b. Said of the elytra of insects when they do not
ey
to the ‘degustation’ of all kinds |
150
meet at the apices; also of antennz ‘divergent at
the tips. 1889 in Cent. Dict.
[n. of
+Dehominastion. sonce-wd. Obs.
action from med.L. dzhomindre to deprive of the
status of a man (Du Cange), f. De- I. 6 + homo,
homin-em man.] Deprival of the character or
attributes of humanity.
1647 Warp Simp. Cobler (1843) 51 He fears..as an Angell
dehominations ; as a Prince, dis-common-wealthings.
Deho'nestate, v. vare. [f. ppl. stem of L.
déhonestare to dishonour, disgrace (f. De- I. 6 +
honestus HONEST): see -ATE%.] trans. To dis-
honour, disgrace, disparage.
= Jer. Taytor Fun. Serm. Abp. Bramhall U1. 224
(L.) The excellent. .pains he took in this particular, no man
can dehonestate or reproach. 1825 Lams Vision of Horns,
Knaves who deh tate the intellects of married women.
Hence Dehonesta‘tion (ad. L. dzhonestation-em),
dishonouring, dishonour.
c1sss Harpsrietp Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 96 The de-
honestation and dishonouring of the brother. 1653 GAUDEN
Hierasp. 482 The infinite shame, deh ion, and infamy
which they bring. 1661 — Avti-Baal-B. 464 (L.) Sacrilege
. .is the unjust violation, alienation or dehonestation of things
truly sacred.
|| Dehors (daho'r), prep. and sb. [a. OF. dehors,
F, also defors,
prep., mod. F. dehors adv. and sb. ;
Pr. defors, Cat. defora, Sp. defuera, a late L. or
Romanic comb. of de prep. + L. /oras out of doors,
forth, also in sense of L. for7s out of doors, outside,
without. Cf. It. fuor, fuora, fuori.)
A. prep. (Law.) Outside of; not within the
scope of.
17or Law French Dict., Dehors, out, without. 1818
Cruse Digest (ed. 2) VI. 196 The Judge..was of opinion
that nothing dehors the will could be received to show the
intention of the devisor. 1885 Lp. Esner in Law Times
LXXIX. 445/1 The trustees were named in the deed, but
who they were was a fact dehors the deed.
+ B. sb. (Fortif.) See quot. Obs.
1706 Puituurs (ed. Kersey), Dehors..in Fortification, all
sorts of separate Out-works, as Crown-works, Horn-works,
Half-moons, Ravelins, etc., made for the better security of
the main place. 1721 in Baitey; and in mod. Dicts.
Dehort (dthg it), v. Now rare. [ad. L. dé-
horta-ri to dissuade, f. DE- I. 2 + hortari to exhort.]
1. ¢rans. To use exhortation to dissuade (a person)
from a course or purpose; to advise or counsel
against (an action, etc.). ta. with simple (or
double) obj. Now Oés.
1545 Jove Exf, Dan. i. (R.), Jermye wel dehorted and
disswaded the peple sayinge [etc.]. 1553 T. Witson Xhet.
(1580) 29 Wherby we doe perswade .. disswade .. exhorte,
or dehorte..any man. 1611 Brsie 1 J/acc. ix. 9 But they
dehorted him, saying, Wee shall neuer be able. a@1631
Donne Lett. xcvii. Wks. VI. 416, I am far from dehorting
those fixed Devotions. a“ Ussner Ann. iv. (1658) 24
Exhorting them to observe the law of God. .and dehorting
them the breach of that law. 1682 BurtHoccE Argument
(1684) 121 He doth Dehort the Baptizing of Infants. 1696
Ausrey Misc. (1721) 218, I dehort him who adviseth with
me, and suffer him not to proceed with what he is about.
b. Const. from.
ar Fritu Another Bk. agst. Rastell Prol. Wks, (1829)
207 To dehort thee from the vain and childish fear which our
forefathers have had. 1603 Sir C. Hrypon fre Astrol.
xili. 333 They dehorted him from going to Babylon. 1758
Jortin Evasm. 1. 343 No person had taken so much pains
as he to dehort all men from cruelty, 1825 Sourney Lett.
(1856) III. 462 Croker dehorts me from visiting Ireland. 1882
Cueyne /saiah xx. Introd., Isaiah had good reason. .to de-
hort the Jews from an Egyptian alliance.
+e. i's. Said of circumstances, etc. Ods.
1579 Lyty Euphues (Arb.) 106 If the wasting of our
money might not dehort vs, yet the wounding of our
mindes should deterre vs. 1697 Porter Antig. Greece u.
xvii. (1715) 339 It was unlucky, and dehorted them from
pri ing in what they had designed.
absol.
1574 Wuitairt Def. Aunsw. i, Wks. (1851) 1. 156 Christ
doth not here dehort from bearing rule.. but from seeking
rule. 1660 Jer. ‘Tavtor Duct. Dudit. 1. iv. rule xx, § 19
S. Paul does..dehort from marriage not as from an evil but
as from a burden, a@1703 Burwitt On N. 7. Heb. xiii. 6
‘The words are a strong reason to dehort from covetousness,
and to exhort to contentedness. 1801 F. Barretr 7he Magus
19 The Creator. .dehorting from the per of the apple.
Hence Deho'rting vé/. sd. and Afi. a.
1553 T. Witson Rhet. 34 b, The places of exhortyng and
dehortyng are the same Ghiche wee use in perswadyng and
damont . 1586 A. Day Eng: Secretary 1. (1625) 82 After
these Epistles Dehorting an Hog ion, 1652 GAULE
Magastrom. 29 Whan God desists from his gracious and
serious dehorting.
Dehortation (dihpité-(n), [ad."L. dahorta-
tion-em, n. of action from déhortari to DEHORT.]
1. The action of dehorting from a course ; earnest
dissuasion.
1529 More Dyaloge 1. Wks. 273/2 Al the dehortacions and
comm & threts in scripture. T. Starrorp
Pac. Hib, xiv, (1821) 164 His Count vsed loud and
rude dehortations to keepe him from 1737, WHISTON
Fosephus’ Hist. u. viii. § 11 Exhortations to virtue,
dehortations from wickedness. 1860 Pusey Min. Proph. 240
It is the voice of phatic deh , not to do
what would dis;
please God.
+ 2. Power or faculty of dehorting. Ods.vare—".
1655 R. Younce Agst. Drunkards 16° Oh that -T had
dehortation iemwerdble'ty my detestation of it! wow 3
DEHYPNOTIZE.
Dehortative (dthgstitiv), a. and sb. [ad L.
dchortativ-us, f. ppl. stem of déhortari: see -1VE.]
A. adj. Having the quality or purpose of de-
horting ; dehortatory.
1620 Woopwarp in Gutch Coél/. Cur. 1. 181 Wryting..a
dehortative letter inst the match with Spa: 1810
Coxertce in Lit. Rem. 111. 301 The words of the Apostle
are exhortative and dehortative.
B. sé. A dehortative address or argument.
1671 True Nonconf. 431 His words after the usual manner
of dehortatives, do seem some what tending to the contrary
extreme. Miss L. M. Hawkins Memoirs 11. 12 My
father suggested that the horse-pond might be the best de-
hortative. 1850 L. Hunt A utobiog. v. (1860) 102 The doctor
.-warned me against the perils of authorship; adding, as
a final dehortative, that ‘the shelves were full’.
atory (d/hg3tateri), a. and sd. [ad.
L. déhortatori-us, £, dzhortari: see -ORY.]
A. adj. Characterized by dehortation; dis-
suasory.
1576 Freminc Panopl. Epist. Epit. B, Those places which
are used..in an epistle Exhortatorie and Dehortatorie.
1644 Br. Hatt Rem. Wks. (1660) 103 A di char,
to avoid the offence of God. 1804 Souraxy Lett. (1856) 1.
251, I wrote to him in rather a dehortatory strain.
+ B. sb. A dehortatory address. Ods.
1648 Mitton Observ. Art. Peace (1851) 581 That fair
dehortatory from joyning with Malignants.
orter (dihgutez). [f. DeHorr v. + -ER.]
One who dehorts or advises inst an action, etc.
1611 Cotcr., Desenhorteur, a dehorter, dissuader, 1755
Jounson, Dehorter, a dissuader ; an adviser to the contrary:
1866 LoweLL —_ Prose Wks. 1890 II. g1 So long as he
was merely an exhorter or dehorter, we were thankful fot
such eloquence. .as only he could give.
1 Dehovrtment. Obs. rare—.
+-MENT.] Dehortation.
1656 S. HoLLAND Zara (1719) 118 Pantalone was too proud
to hearken to dehortments.
Dehu'man, a, nonce-wd. [De- II. 3.] Wanting
the attributes of humanity.
1889 L. Ansort in Chr. Union (N.Y.) 31 Jan., The demo-
niacs..were distinctively, if I may coin the word, dehuman,
Dehumanize (dzhi#manaiz), v. [Dxr- IIL. 1
+ Human, Humanize.] ¢rans. To deprive of
human character or attributes.
1818 Moore Diary 4 Dec., ‘Turner's face was a
de-humanised. 1889 Pad/ Mail G. 26 Nov. 1/2
towns de-humanize our children.
Hence Dehu‘manized #//. a.; Dehu'manizing
vol. sb. and ppl. a.; also Dehumaniza‘tion.
1844 N. Brit, Rev. 11. 109 These almost de-humanized
creatures. 1856 R. A. VauGuan Mystics w. ii. note, The
mystics ., representing regeneration almost as a of
dehumanization. _ 1 J. Putsrorv Quiet Hours 156 It
would seem as Pitan 6 the world’s method of Education
were dehumanizing. 1860 O. W. Hotmes Elste V. xxii.
(1891) 325 Centuries of de-humanizing celibacy. 1882 F.
Harrison Choice Bhs. (1886) 446 To rehumanise the de-
humanised members of society. 1889 G. Gissinc Nether
World 111. i. 19 The last step in that process of dehumanisa-
tion which threatens idealists of his t
+ Dehu'sk, 2. Obs. rare. [f. De- I. 2+ Hvsx.]
trans. To deprive of the husk.
1566 Drant /forace Aiij, An hundreth thousande mets of
corne dehuskde. 1567 — Zf/st. vi. Dj, That thy neighbour
should haue more Wheate . . dehuskd the flore.
Dehydrate (dijhai-dre't),v. Chem. [f. De- I.
2+ Gr. #5wp, in comb. bdp- water + -aTE 3,]
1. trans. To deprive of water, or of the elements
which compose water in a chemical combination.
1876 Foster Phys. 11. v. (1879) 388 The sugar becoming. .
dehydrated into starch. 1880 Ke cemnaw Peretndiee
Th. 279 When phosphoric acid is dehydrated. 1886 Fru/.
Microsc. Soc. Ser. u. VI. 350 These are then dehydrated
in per cent. alcohol.
. zntr, To lose water as a constituent.
1886 Prnl. Microsc. Soc. Ser. n. VI. 350 The celloidin
la’ are slow in dehydrating. } .
ence Dehy'drated ///. a.; Dehy drating p//.
a. and vbl. sb.; also, Dehy’drater, an agent that
dehydrates ; Dehydra‘tion, the removal of water,
or of its constituents, in a chemical combination.
1854 . Seorrern in Orr's Circ. Sc. Chem. 453 ‘The result
of differe and deh 1
[{f DeHorr z,
‘ood deal
r great
nce between hydrati dehy
Hartey Mat. Med. 1 59 The same complete dehydration is
effected more slowly by mere exposure to the air. 1884
Murr & Witson Thermal Chem. iv. § 175. 149 Those dehy-
drated salts which dissolve in water with evolution of heat.
1884 Pharm. Soc. Prospectus 6 Action of .. dehydrating
nts upon them.
_Dehydrogenate (déhaitdrodgéne't), v. Chem.
[De- x 1] = agp -ating A//. a. sad
Atom, Th. viii. ( te,
eetrenclnd ademas dattecembes
Dehyérogenine (déjhai-dro,dgénaiz), v. Chem.
[f. De- [I.1 + HyDROGEN + -128.] ¢rans. *e deprive
of its hydrogen; to remove hydrogen from (a com-
pound), Hence Dehy'drogenized ///. a. ; -izing
vbl. sb, and ppl. a.; also Dehy-drogeniza’tion ;
D :zer, a deh izing agent.
1878 Ure Dict. Arts IV. 77 cnidntons and the
isations play the important in th
production of colour Thid. 1V.932 The action of dehydro-
*“Dehypnotize (diihicpndtoiz), v. [Dz- Il. 1.]
To awaken out of the hypnotic state.
. Dei, obs. form of Day, Dis v.
.-
DEICAL.
+ Deical, a. Ods. rare.
f, L. de-us God) + -au.] Pertaining to God,
ivine.
[ad. med.L. dezc-us |
1662 J. Sparrow tr. Behme's Rem. Whs., Apol. Perfection |
52 The Triune Totally perfect Divine or Deicall substance.
Deicidal (d7issidal), a, [f. Deicipn + -aL.]
Of or pertaining to deicide; god-slaying.
AILEY Festus xix. (1848) 210 And thus the deicidal
tribes made quit, 1880 SwinsurNe in Fortn. Rev. June
762 A deicidal and theophagous Christianity.
Deicide! (dzissid). [ad. mod. or med.L. dez-
cida slayer of a god, f. de-us god +-cida: see -CIDE
1. Cf. F. déicide (1681).] The killer of a god.
1653 Gaupen Hierasf. 139 Uncharitable destroyers of
Christians, are rather Deicides, than Homicides. 1657
Pierce Div. Philanthr, 72 Our Saviour..did very heartily
ray, even for those very homicides, and parricides, and
eicides that kill’d him. 1731 Hist. Litteraria 11. 109 The
Deicide was immediately conveyed for Refuge to the French
Factory, and the dead God privately buried. 1882 Century
Mag. XXIV. 179 In the Middle Ages, the Jews were
believed to be an accursed race of deicides,
Deicide 2 (dzissid). [ad. mod. or med.L. type
*detcidium: see prec. and -CIDE 2.] The killing
of a god.
1611 SpeeD Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. ix. § 59 In. . killing a Prince,
the Traytor is guiltie of Homicide, of Parricide, of Christi-
cide, nay of Deicide. 1688 Prior Exod, iii. 14 viii, And
Earth prophan’d yet bless’d with Deicide. 1818 W. Taytor
in Monthly Rev. LXXXVI. 4 To slaughter a cow for food
being in their eyes, an act of deicide. 1860 Pusey J/in.
Proph. 317 Their first destruction was the punishment of |
their Deicide, the crucifixion of Jesus, the Christ.
Deictic (doiktik), a Also deiktic. [ad. Gr.
decxtix-ds able to show, showing directly, f. deuerus
vbl. adj. of d¢eix-vu-var to show.
‘The Greek word occurs in Latin medical and rhetorical
writers as dicticos, which would give dictic; but the term is
purely academic, and the form defctic or derktic is preferred
as more distinctly preserving both in spelling and pronuncia-
tion the Greek form. Cf. afodictic, -deictic.]
Directly pointing out, demonstrative; in Logic,
applied, after Aristotle, to reasoning which proves
directly, as opposed to the e/enctic, which proves
indirectly.
1828 Wuatety ‘het. 1. ii. § 1 Thirdly into ‘ Direct’ and
§Indirect’ (or veductio ad absurdum)— the Deictic and
Elenctic of Aristotle. 1876 Douse Grimm's L.§ 31. 66 In
meaning, the word originally covered all deiktic action
irrespective of direction.
+ Dei‘ctical, z. Ods. Also dict-. [f. Gr.
Secerex-ds (see prec.) + -AL.] =prec.
1638 Featiy Strict. Lyndom. 1, 89 Those Arguments
which the Logicians tearme Dicticall. A
Hence +} Dei-ctically adv., with direct indication
or pointing out.
1659 Hammonp Ox Ps. Ixviii. 8 Annot. 333 It may also be
set by it selfe, this is Sinai, to denote deictically, when that
shaking of the earth..was heard. a 1660— Wks. I, 703 (R.)
And he that dippeth, at that time when Christ HENS it
deictically, i.e. Toda is that person,
Deid, Sc. and north. f. DEap, Datu, DEED.
+ Deid-doar, Sc. Obs. [=death-doer, or dead-
doer.] Slayer, murderer.
31535 Stewart Cron, Scot. 11. 502 Thir deid-doaris..War
tane ilkone and hangit.
De-idealize, etc. : see Dr- IT. 1.
Deie, Deiect, obs. ff. Dre v., DEJECT.
Deierie, obs. form of Datry,
Deif(f, obs. Sc. form of Dear.
Deific (daifik), a. [a. F. déifigue (1372 in
Hatzf.), ad. L. detfic-us god-making, consecrated,
sacred, in med.L. ‘divine’, f. de-ws god + -ficus
making: see -FIc.} Deifying, making divine; also
(less properly), divine, godlike.
1490 Caxton Exeydos xvi. 64 The grete vysion deyfyque
that he had seen. 1627-77 Fer wiinis Rosoleatt 3301 225 Our
Saviour. .putting all the world in the scale, doth find it far
oo mans Deific soul. 1653 Urqunart Rabelais
I. i, tt _nectarian, delicious ..and deific liquor. 1706
Morrevx Radelais ww. liii. (1737) 219 O Deific Books! 1816
T. Taytor Zss. VIII. 54 According. to a deific energy.
1858 Faser oot of Cross a 145 What the hard style of
mystical theology calls deific transformation. 1878 J. Coox
Lect, Orthodoxy ii. 42 Our Lord displayed a degree of being
that was deific.
+ Deifical (dii'fikal), a. Obs. [f. L. detfic-us
(see prec.) +-AL.] =prec.
1563 Homilies . Sacrament 1. (1859) 443 The ancient catho-
lic fathers. . were not afraid to call this Sip r, some of them,
‘the salve of immortality’. .other, ‘a deifical communion’.
1582 NV. 7. (Rhem.) Acts viii. Annot., That he might signe
them ,, with the diuine and deifical ointment. 1627-77
Fe.tuam Resolves 1. xxvii, 215 Those abilities .. beget a
kind of Deifical Reverence in their future Readers.
+ Dei‘ficate, 4//. a. Obs.
pa. pple. of late L. detficdre to Detry.]
151
ified.
Douctas Aéneis x. v. 48 In this figour has ws all
translait, For euirmair to be deificat. Rottanp C7#.
Venus w. £3,Sche is deificait. 1628 GauLE Pract. Th.
(1629) 52 Of Man deificate, of God incarnate.
+ Dei‘ficate, v. Cds. [f. ppl. stem of L, deifi-
care to Driry.] To deify, to make divine.
1536 BELLENDEN Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 119 Claudius. .
was laitly deceissit, and deificat be the Romanis. r,
Repl. Harding (1611) 341 It is the Body it selfe
Deificated. -
uhilk
EWEL
our Lord
[ad. L. detficat-as,
151
Deification (diifikefon). [n. of action from
L. detficdre to Deiry: so in F. (1556 in Hatzf.).]
The action of deifying; the condition of being
deified or made a deity ; a deified embodiment.
1393 Gower Conf. II. 158 Lo now, through what creacion
He [Apollo] hath deificacion, And cleped is the god of wit.
1606 HoLtanp Swefon, 82 His deification after death.
1700 DryvENn Fadles Pythag. Philos, Argt. 1 The death and
deification of Romulus. 1878 Bosw. Smitu Carthage 29 The
Phoenician religion has been defined to be a deification of
the powers of Nature, . ;
b. The treating or regarding of anything as a
god or as divine.
1651 Nicholas Papers (Camden) 227 The other part of that
book. .is the deification of K. Charles. 1709 STEELE Tatler
No. 33 7 He had the Audaciousness to throw himself at
my ect. vandl then ran into Deifications of my Person.
1848 ee Sacr. & Leg. Art (1850) 11 The deifica-
tion of suffering. 1875 MANNING A/ission H. Ghost iii. 88
‘The deification of the human reason as the sole rule of life.
ce. The rendering of any one a partaker of the
divine nature ; absorption in the divine nature.
1856 R. A. VauGuan AZystics (1860) I. tv. ii. 93 All things
have emanated from God, and the end of all is return to God.
Such return—deification, he calls it—is the consummation of
the creature. 1857 Keste Enchar. Ador.1g An union of
condescension and power for the deification (so termed by
the fathers) of each one of us.
+ Devifica:tory, a. Ods. [f. deificat-, ppl. stem
of L. detficdre to DEIFY + -ony.] Of or pertaining
to deification ; having the function of deifying.
1624 Botton Nevo 249 Expressed by a deificatorie herse,
or throne. 1629 J. Maxwe tt tr. Herodian (1635) 227
margin, The Funerall Pile, or Deificatory Throne.
Deified (d7ifaid), ff/7. a. [f. Deiry v. + -ED.]
Made into a deity, raised to the rank of a god;
considered or treated as divine.
1603 FLorio Montaigne (1634) 296 That Eagle is represented
carrying..up towards heaven, those Deified soules. 1686
Horneck Crucif£, Fesus ix. 157 Deified vices had their
votaries. 1776 Gipson Dec/. & /. I. 373 The statues of the
deified kings. 1862 Stantey Few. Ch. (1877) I. iv. 76 Thrice
| a day before the deified beast the incense was offered.
Deifier (d7ifoier), [f. Deiry v. + -ER.] One
who or that which deifies.
1736 H. Coventry Phil. to Hyd. Conv. iii. (R.), The first
deifiers of men. 1874 Pusey Lent. Serm. 325 His Human
Nature, the Deifier of our nature. }
Deiform (d7iffim), a. [ad. med.L. dezform-zs
(Du Cange), f. de-ws god : see -FORM.]
1. Having the form of a god; godlike in form.
er H. More Song of Soud i. 1. 11. xlvii, Onely souls
Deiform intellective, Unto that height of happinesse can
get. «1667 Jer. TayLor Serm. for Year Suppl. (1678) 245
We can no otherwayes see God..but by becoming Deiform.
1825 New Monthly Mag. X1V. 280 Attempting to arrive at
the deiform nature. 1856 Faner Creator § Creature u1.
iv. sg) 383 By these [gifts of glory] we. . become. .deiform,
shining like the Divinity.
2. Conformable to the character or nature of God ;
godlike, divine, holy.
1654 GaTAKER Disc. Apol. 68 Admirable and most ravish-
ing Devotions, Deiform Intentions, Heroical acts of Vertu.
a1715 BuRNET Own Time (1766) I. 261 To consider religion
as a seed of a deiform nature. 1794 T. TayLor Pausanias
III. 330 Hence these souls..exhibit a deiform power. 1874
Pusey Lenten Serm. 20 Free-will..enfreed and Deiform
through grace, or enslaved and imbruted by sin.
+ Deiformed, 7//. 2. Obs. [f.as prec. +-ED.]
Formed in the image of God.
1652 BenLtowes Theoph. 1. Argt. 23 The deiform'd Soul
deform’d by Sin, repents.
Deiformity (d7,iff-miti). [f. DetrorM + -rry.]
The quality of being deiform; likeness to God ;
conformity to the divine nature or character.
1642 H. More Song of Soul iv. xxvii, The souls numerous
plurality I’ve prov’d, and shew’d she is not very God; But
yet a decent Deiformity Have given her. a1726 W. REEVES
Serm. (1729) 370 This immediate influx of the Deity, which
the Schoolmen call the Deiformity of the Soul. 1835 Sir A.
DE VerE in Graves Life Sir W. R. Hamilton 11. 163
Deiformity is the Ideal of regenerate Humanity.
Deify (d7ifsi), v. [a. F. défier (13th c. in
Hatzf.), ad. L. detficdre (Augustine and Cassio-
dorus), f. de-us god + ficdre: see-FY.] trans. To
make a god of ; to exalt to the position of a deity;
to enroll among the gods of the nation or tribe.
1393 Gower Conf. II. 165 Juno, Neptunus, Pluto, The
whch of nice fantasy The people wolde deify. 1430 Lypc.
Chron, Troy 1. iii, [They] were both ystellyfyed In_ the
heauen and there defyed. 1530 Pacscr. Ma A I deifye,
I make an erthly man a God, as the gentylles dyd. 1634
Hapincton Castara (Arb.) 123 The Superstition of those
Times Which deified Kings to warrant their owne crimes.
1728 Newton Chronol. Amended i. 134 The first instances
that I meet with in Greece of Deifying the dead. 1868
Giapstone Yuv, Mundi v. (1870) 123 Leukotheé, once
a mortal, now deified in the Sea-region. _
b. To render godlike or divine in nature, char-
acter, or spirit.
a@ 1340 Hampo.e Psalter Ixxxi. 1 4 gaderynge of halymen
deifide thorgh grace. 1613 R. C. 7adle Alph. (ed. Ri
Deifie, make like God. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 7rav.77 No
vertue more deified a Prince then Clemencie. 18
Detryinc]. 1874 [see Detrier}. :
ec. To treat asa god, in word or action; to regard
or adore as a deity.
1590 SPENSER Teares Ca 368 Now change the tenor
of your joyous layes, With which ye use your loves to
deife, 1600 SuHaks, 4. ¥. LZ, ut. ii. 38x Oades.. and
[see
DEIGNOUS,
Elegies. .all (forsooth) deifying the name of Rosalinde, 1622
Bacon Hen. VII 38 He did againe so extoll and deifie
the Pope. 1649 Br. Raynotps //osea iv. 49 Men of power
are apt to deifie their own strength..men of wisdome, to
deifie their owne reason. 1759 JounsoNn Rasselas xxvi, The
old man deifies prudence. 1859 Suites Se//Helf iii. (1860)
46 It is possible to over-estimate success to the extent of
almost deifying it.
Hence De‘ifying v/. sb. and pf/. a.
1553 BRENDE Q. Curtius 223(R.) The deifying of Hercules
1637 Nasses Havnniball & Sc. Hij (R.), A man that ..
merited A deifying by your gratitude. 1649 Mitton Evkon.
12 Bequeath'd among his deifying friends that stood about
him. 1701 Cottier J. Aurel. Life 21 The Deifying of his
Father, 1838 Emerson Addr. Cambr. Mass. Wks. (Bohn)
II. 192 This sentiment [religious] is divine and deifying.
Deign ((éin), v. Forms: 3-7 deine, 4-5
deyne, dayne, 5-7 daigne, 6 digne, 6-7 dain(e,
deigne, 7-8 daign, 6- deign. [a. OF. degn-ier
(3 sing. dezgne), later deignier, dedgner, from14the.
daigner, =Pr. denhar, deinar, \t. degnare:—L. dig-
nare, by-form of dignari to deem worthy, think fit,
f. dignus worthy.]
1. ¢ntr. To think it worthy of oneself (/0 do some-
thing) ; to think fit, vouchsafe, condescend.
¢1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 3464 Helman That deined fle for
no man,
Caxton Yason 114 He daigneth not to come. c1g90
Gr = Fx. Bacon vi, Would he daine to wed a Countrie
Lasse? 1593 Suaxs. 3 //en. I”/, 1v. vii. 39 And all those
fiiends, that deine to follow mee. 1667 Mitton P. L. vy.
221 Raphael, the sociable Spirit, that deign’d To travel
with Tobias. 1701 Rowe Amd. Step-Moth. 1. i. 349 Hardly
daigning To be controll’d by his Imperious Mother, 18
M. ArNnoLp Geo. Sand Mixed Ess. 328 [The] very dog will
hardly deign to bark at you.
tb. zmpers. Obs.
_ 1297 R. Grove. (1724) 557 Him ne deinede no3t to ligge
in be castel by nizte. 1340 Ayes. 76 Ham ne daynede na3t
todo zenne. ¢ 1374 Cuaucer vel. & Arc. 181 That on her
wo ne deyneth him not to thinke. @ 1400-50 4 /erander
830 Ne here to dwell with pi douce deynes me na langer
Te. ref. Obs.
1500-20 Dunsar Poems Ixxxvi. 36 Quhilk dein3eit him for
our trespass to de. 1563 Win3Er IVhs. (1890) II. 42 He
dein3eit Him aluterlie to do this in deid.
2. ¢rans. with simple ol7. a. 'To condescend to
bestow or grant, to vouchsafe. (Now chiefly with
reply, answer, in negative sentences.)
1589 GREENE Menaphon (Arb.) 36 Rather.. than haue
deigned her eyes on the face..of so lowe a peasant. 1605
Suaks. Macé.1. ii, 60 Nor would we deigne kim buriall of
his men. 1622 F. Markuam Bk. Warre iv. ix. § 6, I will
not here daigne a recapitulation of the same. 1634 W.Woop
New Eng. Prosp., Ded. Note, 1 am confident you will
daigne it your protection. 1825 Soutnry Tale of Paraguay
iu. xviii, A willing ear she well might deign. 1863 Mrs. C.
Crarke Shaks. Char. iii. 71 Vhe spirit stalks away, deign-
ing no reply.
+b. To condescend or vouchsafe to accept; to
take or accept graciously. (The opposite of /o
disdain.) Obs.
1576 FLEMING Panofpl. Epist. 50 Those .. who did not re-
ceive and intertaine my father. .nor yet digned other Gentle-
men of much worthinesse. 1579 SPENSER SAefh. Cal. Jan.
63 Shee deignes not my good will, but doth reproue. 1606
Suaks. Ant. § Cl.1. iv. 63 Thy pallat then did daine The
roughest Berry, on the rudest Hedge. 1637-50 Row //ist.
Kirk (1842) 255 The Lord dained him. 166r in Hickerin-
gill Yamaica A iij, This Welcome-home ..Thou wilt accept
from me, And deign it to attend thy smoother Line.
+ ¢. In same sense with of. (Cf. to accept of.)
Obs. rare.
1589 GREENE Menaphon (Arb.) 51 Whichif you shall vouch
to deigne of, I shall be. .glad of such accepted seruice.
+3. To treat (a person) as worthy of, to dignify
(him) wth. [=L. dignari.) Obs.
1579 Twyne Phisicke agst. Fort. 1. cxxxii. 341a, [They]
had lyen vnburied, had not their most deadly enimie dained
them of a graue. 1591 in De Foe Hist. Ch. Scot. Add. D
(1844) 51/2 ill ye not daigne his Majesty with an Answer?
1648 E. BouGHEN Geree’s Case of Consc. 76 He daines them
with this honour. :
4. Short for dedazz, DISDAIN : see DAIN v.
Deignfull, var, of DarNFUL, disdainful.
+ Deignous, a. Ols. Forms: 4 deignouse,
4-5 deynous, 5 deinous, 5-6 daynous, 6 dayn-
nous, 5-7 deignous. [app.a shortened form of
dedeignous, Dispatnovus, F. dédaigneux, OF. des-
detgnous (12th c. in Hatzf.): cf. Dain v.
(Earlier examples of dedeignous, dedainous, than of deig-
nous are not yet known; but the history of Dispain shows
that they may well have existed.)]
Disdainful, proud, haughty.
¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 289 Deignouse pride &
ille avisement. ¢1374 CHaucer Troylus 1. os Her chere,
Which sumdel deynous was. c¢ 1430 Lypc. Bochas v. xxiv.
¢ 554) 138.a, Nothing..more deynous, nor more yntreatable
han whan a begger hath dominacion. c1440 /pomydon
1122 A proude knyght and a daynous. a 1643 W. Cart-
wriGuT Ordinary u1.i, One Harlotha, Concubine To deign-
ous Wilhelme, hight the Conqueror.
Hence + Dei*gnoushede (deyn-), disdainfulness,
haughtiness ; + Dei‘gnously (deyn-, dayn-) adv.,
disdainfully.
¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 129 For deynoushede &
ride. ¢ 1440 Partonope 3434 Many one That loked vpon
ym full deynously. a 1529 SkeLton Bouge of Court Prol.
82 And gan on me to stare Ful daynously. | + - :
DEIL.
|| Dei gratia. [I.] By the grace of God: see
GRACE,
Deih, obs. sing. pres. of Dow v.
Deiktic, var. of Drtcric.
Deil (d71, dzl). [Scotch vernacular form of the
word Devi, corresponding to the ME. monosyl-
labic types de/, dele, dewle, dule, etc.]
1, The Devil; es. according to the popular con-
ception of his appearance and attributes.
(For the Biblical Satan, the usual form is deevi/.)
1500-20 Dunsar Turnament 54 Off all his dennar .. His
breist held deill a bitt. 1§70 Sempill Ballates (1872) 117
The mekle Deill. 1725 Ramsay Gent, Sheph. i. ii, Awa!
awa! the deil’s [z. . deel’s] ower grit wi’ you. 1785 Burns
Address to the Deil ii, I'm sure sma’ pleasure it can gie,
Evntoadeil. 1790— 7am o’ Shanter 78 That night a child
might understand, The Deil had business on his hand. 1816
Scott Old Mort, xxxiii, Being atween the deil und the deep
sea,
2. A mischievously wicked or troublesome fellow;
one who embodies the spirit of wickedness or mis-
chief.
1786 Burns 7wa Dogs 222 They're a’ run deils or jads |
thegither. 31802 Scort Bonnie Dundee ii, The Guid Toun
is well quit of that deil of Dundee. Mod. Sc. He’s an awfu’
laddie, a perfit deil.
3. For dez/ a dit, and other phrases, see DEVIL.
Deill, Deim, obs. forms of DEAL, DEEM.
Dein, obs. form of DEIGn.
Dein, deen, Sc. dial. forms of Done.
152
a dynos San ge ee fas ese
t art. '. '. ~ 1 Let
me.. luxuriate in the.. it of dei
it of deipno-
sophism. 1836 Fraser’s Mag. XLII. phy end .appended
to that istic dissertation.
Deir, obs. form of Dear, DEER, DERE.
Deirie, obs. form of Darry.
Deis(e, deische, deiss, obs. forms of Dats.
Deishal, -eal, deisul, var. of DEasiL.
Deism (d7iz’m). [mod. f. L. de-us god + -18M.
Cf. F. déisme (in Pascal a 1660).] The distinctive
doctrine or belief of a deist ; usually, belief in the
existence of a Supreme Being as the source of finite
existence,with rejection of revelation and the super-
natural doctrines of Christianity; ‘natural religion’.
1682 DrvpEN sip is Laici Pref. (Globe) 186 That Deism,
or the principles of natural worship, are only the faint
remnants or dying flames of revealed religion in the
terity of Noah. 1692 BentLey Boyle Lect. ix. 306 Modern
Deism being the very same with old Philosophical Pagan-
ism. 1759 Di.wortH Pofe 63 There breathes in this inscrip-
tion [ens entium miserere met] the genuine spirit of deism.
1774 Fietrcuer Doctr. Grace Wks. 1795 1V. 203 Deism is
the error of those who. .think that man. .needs no Redeemer
atall. 1861 Beresr. Hore Eng. Cathedr. 19th c. 260 That
decorous and philanthropic deism which is a growing peril
of the age. 1877 E. R. Conver Bas. Faith i. 25 Deism
should i basen. 4 have the same sense with 7heism,
but it is —— taken to carry with it the denial of what
is called revealed religion. Theism conveys no such im-
| plication.
+ De-incli-ne, v. Oés. [f.Dx- L.2+INcune v.) |
(See quot.) Hence Deincli*ned, Deincli*ning,
ppl. adjs.; Deincli-ner.
1727-51 CuamBers Cyc/. s. v. Dial, Secondary Dials, are
all those drawn on the planes of other circles beside the
horizon, prime vertical, equinoctial, and polar circles: or
those, which either decline, incline, recline, or deincline. .
Deinclined Dials, are such as both decline and incline, or re-
cline. /did., Deincliners or Deinclining Dials. .Suppose. .
a plane to cut the prime vertical circle at an angle of 30
degrees, and the horizontal plane under an angle of 24 de-
grees..a dial, drawn on this plane, is called a deincliner.
De-individualize, de-industrialize, etc.:
see De- II. 1.
Deine, obs. form of DENE, sand-hill.
Deing, obs. form of Dy1nc, DYEING.
+ Deingra:te, v. Obs. rare. [f. De- 1.3 +
L. ingratus disagreeable: see INGRATE.] frans. To
render unpopular, bring into disfavour.
1624 Brief Inform. Affairs Palatinate 34 To deingrate the
Prince Palatine, and to make him more odious. _.
Deinosaur, Deinothere, etc.: see D1No-.
Deinseyn, obs. form of DENIZEN.
De-insularize, -integrate, etc. : see Dr-II.1.
Deinte, -ee, -ie, -y, obs. forms of DaInty.
Deintrelle, var. of DainTREL Ods., a dainty.
Deip(e, obs. Sc. form of DEEP.
|| Deipara (d7,i:para). [late L. (Cod. Just. ii;
6) =mother of God, f. de-us God + -parus, -a, bear-
ing, farére to bear; a L. repr. of Gr. Oeordxos.] A
title of the Virgin Mary, ‘ Mother of God’.
1 H. More Myst. [nig., Synopsis Proph. 521 He..
would not allow the most holy Virgin, the Mother of Christ |
as to the flesh. .to be called Deipara or the Mother of God.
1860 Sopnoc.es Gloss. Later Greek 334/1 @cordxvov. .a mo-
dulus addressed or relating to the a arr
Deiparous (4/\i‘paras), a. [f.
—* or bringing forth a god.
1 . More Myst. Inig., Synopsis Proph, 520 Nor con-
fess that the holy. . Mary is properly and according to truth
Deiparous, that is to say, the mother of God, 1827 Sir
as prec.+-0US.] |
+2. The condition of being a ‘od or as God. Oés.
1726 De For Hist. Devil viii, He (the Devil] set her
(Eve’s] head a madding after deism, and to be made
a goddess.
Deist (dist). [a. F. déiste, f. L. de-us god:
see -I8T.] One who acknowledges the existence
of a God upon the testimony of reason, but rejects
revealed religion.
(The term was originally opposed to atheist, and was inter-
changeable with /eést even in the end of the 17th c. (Locke,
Second Vindication, 1695, W. Nichols Conference with
a Theist, 1696); but the negative aspect of deism, as opposed
to Christianity, became the accepted one, and desst and theist
were differentiated as in quots. 1878-80.)
(1563 Viret /ustruct. Chr.11. Ep. Ded., J'ai entendu qu'il
y en a de ceste bande, qui s’appellent istes, d’un mot
tout nouveau, — ils veulent oposer a Atheiste.) 16ar
Burton Anat. Mel. i. iv. u. i, Cosen-germans to these
men are many of our great Philosophers and Deists. 1670 R.
Tray Servi, vi. Sel. Writ.(1845) 107 We have a generation
among us..called Deists, which is nothing else but a new
court word for Atheist. 1692 Bentley Boyle Lect. 6 Some
infidels. .to avoid the odious name of atheists, would shelter
and screen themselves under a new one of deists, which is
not quite so obnoxious. 1712-37 Suarressury Charac. II.
209 Averse as I am to the cause of theism, or name of deist,
when taken in a sense exclusive of revelation. 1748 HarTLry
Observ. Manu. iii. 347 Unless he be a sincere Deist at least,
i.e. unless he believe in the Existence and Attributes of
God. 1788 Westey Iks. (1872) VII. 196 A Deist—I mean
one who believes there is a God distinct from matter; but
does not believe the Bible. 1878 D. Patrick in Encyc?.
Brit. VU. 33 The later distinction between theist and deist,
which stamped the latter word as excluding the belief in
rovidence or the immanence of God, was apparently formu-
ated in the end of the 18th century by those rationalists who
were aggrieved at being identified with the naturalists. 1880
Sat. Rev. 26 June 820 In speaking of a deist they fix their
attention on the negative, in speaking of a theist on the
positive aspect of his belief.
Deistic (diji'stik), a. [f. Deist+-1c.] Of the
nature of or pertaining to deists or deism.
1795 G. Waxertetp Reply Paine's Age of Reason i. 57
From the mouth of ‘Thomas Paine, the most tremendous of
| rake, Setegh
| opinion of loue, in honouring him for a Deitie.
| all possible deistic dunces ! 1880 L. Steruen Pope vii. 163 |
H. Taytor /saac Comnenus 1. iv, Deiparous Virgin! Holy
Mary mother !
Deipno- (dei:pno-), repr. Gr. demvo-, combining
form of defrvoy dinner, used in nonce-words and
combinations, as deipno-diplomatic of or per-
taining to dining and diplomacy, deipnophobia
dread of dinner-parties.
1827 Brit, Critic 1. 475 An interchange of deipno-diplo-
matic correspondence, 1891 Daily News 23 June 4/8 People
who heartily sym) thise with the ‘deipnophobia’ of Gordon.
Deipnoso (daipng’sdfist), [ad. Gr.
demvocoquot-ns ‘one learned in the mysteries of |
the kitchen’, f, 5efrvov the chief meal, dinner +
gogiorns a master of his craft, clever or wise man,
Soruist, The pl. demvocogiorai was the title of
a celebrated work of the Greek Athenzeus, written
after A.D, 228.]
A master of the art of dining: taken from the
title of the Greek work of Athenzeus, in which a
number of learned men are represented as dining
together and discussing subjects which range from
the dishes before them to literary criticism and mis-
cellaneous topics of every description.
F 1656 Biount Glossogr., Dei, ists, Athenzus his t
books carry that title. x Burney Hist. Mus.
I, 229 (Jod.) Je render credible the following assertion of a
in
iP P 1845 Forp Handbk, Spain 1.
1. 70 Spanish Cookery, a .. subject
which is well = 9 the
inquiry of 7 ip 1866 Lowe.
Swinburne’s Trag. Wks. 1890 II. 135 With about as
much nature in it as a dialogue of the Deipnosophi
_Hence Deipnosophi'stic a., Deipno*
1661 Lovett. Hist, Anim. & Min, 23 Diverse other things
Brought up as a Catholic, he had gradually swung into
vague deistic belief. 1882-3 Scuarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl.
I. 728 The deistic controversy .. beginning with Lord Her-
bert of Cherbury (1581-1648).
Deistical (d/ji'stikal), a, [f. as —~ +-AL.]
=prec. ; also, inclined or tending to deism.
1741 Watts /mprov. Mind 1, v. § 3 To support the deisti-
cal or antichristian scheme of our days. 1796 Morse Amer,
Geog. IL. 314 The i ious and eloq' , but deistical J. J.
Rousseau. 1809-10 COLERIDGE Friend (1865) 54 Concerning
the right of punishing by law the authors of heretical or
deistical writings. 1871 Tynpaut. Fragm. Sc. (1879) II. ix.
168 My object was to show my deistical friends, .that they
were in no better condition than we were. —
Hence Dei'stically adv., in a deistical way.
1882-3 Scuarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl. 11. 1608 Nature ..
may be conceived of deistically, as an accomplished fact ..
utterly external to God.
Deit, Sc. f. died, pa. t. of Dir v.
De-italianize ; see De- II. 1.
+ Devitate, 7//.a. Obs. [repr. an assumed L.
*deitat-us (tr. Gr. OeaOeis), f. deitas, deitat-em
Derty.] Made a deity, deified.
gsr Cranmer Answ, Bf. Gardiner u. Rem, (1833) III.
450 One person and one Christ, who is God incarnate and
man Deitate, as Gregory Nazianzene saith.
Deith, obs. Sc. form of Deatu.
Deity (d7iti). Also 4-6 deite, deyte, 4 deitee,
6-7 deitie, (5 deyite, -yte, dietie, 5-7 diety, 7
dyety). [a. F. dézté, in 1ath c. deitet, deite (=Pr.
deitat, Sp. deidad, It. deita), ad. L. deitas, deitat-
em, {. de-us god (formed by Augustine, De Civ.
Det vu. i., L, divinitas) : see -ITY.
1, The estatesor rank of a god; ood ; the
c13974 Cuaucer Troylus 11. 968 But o
DEJECT.
personality of a god; godship; es. with Joss.
honour to pi deite. Frankl. though Nep-
to € 1386 — . L319 ‘ep:
tunus haue deitee in the See. e seen Caneare, ife St.
Kath, w. Whi shulde appollo ony tages
MarLowe asue Dido u1. ii, That ugly imp ns
my deity with high dis . 1594 Suaks. Rich. 111,
1. i. 76 Lord ings..Hum Ty complaining 10 her Deltie,
Got my Lord laine his libertie, 1611 — Wint, 7.
Iv. iv. 26 Goddes themselues (Humbling their Deities
‘enus? Drayton Man in Moon (R.), Yet no
her deity could smother, So far in beauty she ex-
celled other. Mrs. Browninc Dead Pan xxviii, All
the false with a cry Rendered up their deity,
b. The divine quality, character, or nature of
God; Godhood, divinity; the divine nature and
attributes, the Godhead. ea
1362 Lanct. P. Pi. A. x1. 43 i drauelen on
Pe pe Deite to knowe. cx | sg gen 825 Freres wyln
for her pride Disputen of deyte as julden.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R.1. & 5) 3 The lyghte of the
heuenly dyuyne clarete, couerte, id in the or in
the post Ho ¢ 1489 Caxton Blanchardyn liv. 213 Whose
eternall dietie raigneth within the highest heauens. 1g02
Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) l. 2 The fader the
sone & the hol: Loa one essence of deite. 1514 Barclay
Cyt. & Talons m. (Percy Soc.) 17 To honour our Lorde,
& pease his deyte. mag =. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. u.
Seneca, The creator .. hath set such markes of his diety in
his workes. Bre. Hatt Hard Texts, N. T. 57 In my
.. infinite Deity I will be ever present with you.
Mitton P. L. x. 65. 1736 Cuanpier Hist. Persec. 47 The
same man opposed the Deity of the Son of God. Gentil.
/x Mr, Gurney’s work .. is chiefly c ned to
the Deity hrist. There is something open and decided
in saying Deity, rather than Divinity. : aa
+c. The condition or state in which the Divine
Being exists. Ods.
1400 Rom. Rose 5656 And leven alle humanite, And purely
lyve in deite. ¢ Digby Myst. (1882) 11. 1075, I ded natt
asend to my father In deyyte. | 3
2. concr. A divinity, a divine being, a god; one
of the gods worshipped by a peta or tribe.
1374 CHaucer Troylus tv. 1515, I swere it yow, and ek on
ech goddesse, On every nymphe, and —— infernal. 1589
Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 42 That I he de a pm meg
HAKS.
Cor. Ww. vi. 91 A thing Made by some other Deity then
Nature, That shapes man Better. 1641 Witxins Math.
Magick 1. xi. (1648) 69 ‘Temples or Tombes .. dedicated to
some of their Deities. 1794 Suttivan View Nagy tome
The chief deity, the sun. 1814 Cary Dante, P. iso
vul. 3 The fair AS (ese yeaa A enus}. 185: D. Witson
Preh, Ann, (2865) . 11. ii. 71 The Altar appears to be dedi-
cated to one of these obscure local deities.
b. fig. An object of worship; a thing or person
deified.
1588 Suaks. ZL. L. L. wW. iii. 74 This is the liuer veis
makes flesh a deity. eT: Taytor (Water P.)
"4! 1 Tobacco (England's nefull Diety).
. (with capital) A supreme being as creator of
the universe ; ‘he Deity, the Supreme Being, God.
Lo expe as a term of Natural Theology, and
without explicit predication of personality. )
1647 N. Bacon Disc. Laws Eng. 1. wv. (1739) 10 They wor-
ship an invisible and an infinite Deity. a Locke Hum.
Und. 1. iv. (1695) 30 A rational Creature, who will but
even, to
which
‘hs. Ue
seriously reflect on miss the y of a
Deity. 1774 GoLpsM. Nat. Hist. (1776) 1. 6 We see the
greatness and wisdom of the Deity in all the seeming worlds
that surround us. 1786 Han. More Let, in Mem. Ld.
Gambier (1861) 1. x. 157 Polite ears are foc gery to hear
their Maker called ‘the Lord’ in ¢ talk, while
ones think the fashionable appellation of ‘the Deity ’ sounds
extremely Pagan, 1812-6 J.Smrru Panorama Sc. § Arti.
27 Newton .. recourse, for one of forces, to the
immediate action of the Deity. 1860 Pusey J/in. .
193 Men spoke of * the Deity’, as a sort of first cause of all
things, and .. had lost sight of the Personal God.
Devityship. [f. prec. (sense 2) +-SHIP.] The
status or porenailis of a deity; godship ( = Derry
1).
Ec! Plautus 46 Why _shou'dn| deityship gi’
Cota sek hosaweon Ciertos Wie.
1883 VI. 503 With due re; to your deityship, 1834
Lytron Pompeii wv. xii, If his deityship were never better
served, he would do well to give up the godly profession,
Deive, obs. form of Dravs, to deafen.
+ Deivirile, 2. Os. rare. [ad, med.L. deivi-
ril-is (f. de-us god + virilis manly), transl. Gr.
Gcaydpuxds (f, O€-ds _ + dvdpuxds of a man, manly).]
‘A term in the school theology signifying some-
thing divine and human at the same time’ (Cham-
bers, Cyc/.).
¥ Cuamuers Cycl. s.v. Theandric,Qcavipueh tvepyeca,
esedric or dei virile operations, in the sense of Dionysius
(Bp. of Athens) and D is thus lified by
Athanasius .. In raisin he called as man, but
peer pep ey ep |
Dejansenize: see Dr- II. 1.
ect, p/. a. Obs. or arch. Also 6 -gecte.
[ad. L. déject-us, pa. pple. of déjicére (déictre) to
throw down, f. Dr- sy +jacére to throw. (In OF.
des-, degiet, -get, -git.
i. : 4 thro
As pa, pple. wn down, cast down ; + cast
away, rejected ; see Drsect v,
yoo. Chron, n, xvii, Thorowen and deiect in
a oat hoary. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 37/1 Lucifer
DEJECT.
whiche was dejecte and caste out of heven, 1560 RoLtanp
Crt. Venus mm. 510 He .. was deiect with schame fra all
honour. 1819 H. Busx Vestriad v. 513 Here on Patroclus’
corse deject he lies. Rt = .
2. As ppl. a. Downcast, dispirited, DEsEcTED.
1528 Roy Rede me (Arb.) 43 They were so abasshed and
deiecte That once to hisse they were nott able. 1555 J. Puit-
pot in Coverdale Lett. Mart. (1564) 228 Dearling. . Be not of
a deiect mind for these temptgtions. 1602 Suaks. Yam. 11,
i. 163 And I, of Ladies most deiect and wretched. 1639 G.
Daniet Ecclus. xi. 59 Be not deiect in Miserie, 1863 W.
Lancaster Preterita 87 Deject and ‘doubtful thus I forge
quaint fears. a“ ;
b. Cast down from one’s position, lowered in
fortunes ; lowered in character, abject, abased.
1510-20 Everyman in Hazl. Dodsley 1. ror Like traitors
deject. 1605 Play Stucley in Simpson Sch. Shaks. (1878) I.
234 Is’t possible that Stukly, so deject In England, lives in
Spain in such respect. a1625 Fretcuer Love's Cure u. i,
at can be a more deject spirit in man, than to lay his
hands under every one’s horse’s feet? 1820 T’, L. Peacock
Wks. (1875) III. 324 The beggar being, for the most part,
a king deject.
+e. Astrol. (See quot.) Obs.
1594 Biunpevit vere. iv. xxxvi. (ed. 7) 494 Such houses
as have no familiarity with the Horoscope or Ascendent..
are said to be slow and deject. ;
Deject (dédgekt), v. (In Sc., 6 deiekk, 6-
dejeck.) [f. L. dgect-, ppl. stem of daiccre to
throw or cast down: see prec.]
1. trans. To throw or cast down; to cause to
fall down, overthrow. arch. or Obs.
¢ 1420 Pallad, on Husb. 11, 423 Take of the laures bayes..
in sething water hem dejecte. 1536 BELLENDEN Crox. Scot.
(1821) I. 110 Scho hes dejeckit me at thy feit. 1550 Nicotts
Thucyd. 125 Their people. .whiche were deiected and dryuen
downe from the sayd rocke. 1627 Sprep England xli. $7
This Citie .. by the furious outrages of the Scots and Picts
was deiected. a ho Mepe Paraphr. 2 Pet.iii. Wks. (1672)
III. 615 To be exiled and dejected from those high mansions,
1881 [see Dejecrep 1].
b. To bend down.
1601 HoLvann Pliny xvi. xxii. I. 531 What part soeuer of
it [the vine] is dejected and driuen downward, or els bound
and tied fast, the same ordinarily beareth fruit. 1605 Hry-
woop [f/f you know not me Wks. 1874 I. 206 It becomes not
You being a Princess, to deiect your knee, 1625 JZode/Z
of Wit 62b, Deiecting her head into her bosome. 1809 [sec
EJECTED r b].
ce. To cast down (the eyes).
1612 Drayton Poly-olb. xii. (T.), One, having climb’d some
roof ., From thence upon the earth dejects his humble eye.
1727-46 THomson Summer 1066 Princely wisdom then D -
jects his watchful eye. 1768 Woman of Honor I11. 264
Fixing his eyes on Clara, who modestly dejected her's.
+2. To cast away, dismiss, reject. Ods.
1530 Parser. 510/1, I dejecte, I caste a waye, ze dejecte.
1549 Compl. Scot. Prol. 17 Gyf sic vordis suld be disusit or
deiekkit. 1579 Fenton Guicciard. mt. (1599) 118 These
perswasions .. he vtterly deiected. 1633 Br. Hatt Hard
Texts 544 Whether your humiliation may not yet .. cause
him to deject and take off his judgements ?
+3. fig. To cast down from high estate or dignity,
depose’; to lower in condition or character, to
abase, humble. Odés.
1515 Barcray Egloges iv. (1570) C v/2 The coyne auaun.
ceth, neede doth the name deject. 1549 CoverDALE Erasmz,
Par. 1 Pet. 11. 14 His delyght is in..suche as deiecte them
selues. 160r F. Gonwin fs. of Eng. 503 Being loath to
deiect them whom he had once aduanced. 1660 Bonn Scut.
Reg. 165 Where the Hn ad makes an Inferior officer, he
may deject him at his pleasure. 1691 E. Taytor Behmen's
Theos, Philos. 185 Faln Mans dejecting himself may be
called Humiliation,
+4. To reduce the force or strength of, to weaken,
lessen. Obs.
1580 Sipney Arcadia iii, Though in strength exceedingly
Pre ured 1599 SANDYS Europe Spec. ew ws One disad-
vantage .. impeacheth and dejecteth all other their forces.
1620 VENNER Via Recta ii. 22 It doth very greatly deiect
their appetite. 1684 tr. Bonez’s Merc. Compit. 1. 15 The
Appetite .. is often dejected in Consumptive Persons.
5. To depress in spirits; to cast down, dispirit,
dishearten. (The ordinary current sense.)
1581 [see Dejecrep 3]. 1603 Florio Montaigne (1634) 49%
Good Authours deject me_too-too much, and quaile my
courage. 1625 Meape in Ellis Orig. Let?. Ser. 1. III. 204
The king was much dejected by a Lettre received from
Denmark, 176 Sterne 77, Shandy m. xx, To deject and
contrist myself with so bad and melancholy an account.
1775 JOHNSON Tax, no Tyr. 8 Nothing dejects a trader like
interruption of his profits, 1862 Lyrron S/r. Story I. 68
The things which do not disturb her temper, may, perhaps,
deject her spirits.
+b. zur. (for ref.) To be dejected. Obs. rare.
r644 Quartes Barnabas § B. 226 Deject not, O my soul,
nor let thy thoughts despair.
6. intr. To bend downwards. 2once-use,
1825 Hone Every-day Bk. 1. 323 It stands, or rather dejects,
over..a pair of wooden gates,
Hence Deje‘cting A//. a.
1818 Mrs. ILirr Poems (ed. 2) 20 The mien assuming of
dejecting care.
| Dejecta (dédzerkta), sd. pl. [L., neut. pl.
of déject-us: see DEsECY.] Castings, excrements,
1887 Garnsey & Batrour tr. De Bary’s Fungi vii. 3 7
Fungi which grow on the dejecta of warm-blooded ani
dung, feathers, etc. «
Dejectant (di,dzektant), a. Her. [f, Deszcr
+-anTl.] Cast down, bending down,
1889 [see Deyrcrep 1 d]. =
Vou. III.
158
De ected (didzektéd), Ap/. a. [f. Desxcr v,]
1. Zt. Thrown or cast down, overthrown. arch.
1682 WHELER Yourn. Greece v1. 427 Buried in the Rubbish
of its dejected Roof and Walls. ° 1881 H. James Portr. Lady
xxvi, Looking at her dejected pillar.
b. Allowed to hang down.
1809 Heser Passage of Red Sea 12 The mute swain..
With arms enfolded, and dejected head.
ec. Of the eyes : Downcast.
1600 [see 3b]. 1663 CowLry Pindar. Odes, Brutus ii, If
with dejected Eye ts standing Pools we seek the Sky.
1715-20 Pore /éad 1x. 626 With humble mien and with
dejected eyes Constant they follow where Injustice flies.
d. Her. Cast down, bent downwards; as de-
jected enbowed, embowed with the head down-
wards.
1889 Ervin Dict. Her., Dejected, cast down, as a garb
dejected or dejectant. .
+2. Lowered in estate, condition, or character ;
abased, humbled, lowly. Oés.
1605 SHaxs. Lear iv. i. 3 The lowest and most deiected
thing of Fortune. 164r Mitton Reform. u. (1851) 71 The
basest, the | wermost, the most dejected... downe-trodden
Vassals of Perdition. a@x680 Burter Rem. (1759) Il. 14
Able to reach from the highest Arrogance to the meanest,
and most dejected Submissions, 1721 [see DryecrepNEss].
3. Depressed in spirits, downcast, disheartened,
low-spirited.
58x Margeck Bk. of Notes 115 So that he was deiected
and compelled to weepe for very many, which had fallen.
1608-11 Br. Hay edit. & Vows 1. § 39, I marvell not that
awicked man is. .so dejected, when hee feeles sicknes. 1667
Perrys Diary (1879) IV. 369 Never were people so dejected
as they are in the City. 1793 Cowrer Lett. 8 Sept., Iam
cheerful on paper sometimes, when I am absolutely the most
dejected of all creatures. 1835 Lytton Aéenzi x. viii, Thus
are we fools of Fortune ;—to-day glad—-to-morrow dejected !
b. ¢ransf. (Of the visage, behaviour, etc.)
(Often combining rc and 3.)
1600 Disc. Gowrie Conspir., With a very dejected counte-
naunce, his eies ever fixed upon the earth. 1602 SHAKs.
Ham. 1. ii, 81 The deiected hauiour of the Visage. 1710
STEELE Tatler No. 85 P2 The Goddess .. is to sit in a de-
jected Posture. Ropertson Chas. V, III. xt. 273 In
a timid dejected silence. 1822 Scotr Pirate xl, I could not
but move with & drooping head, and ‘dejected pace.
Dejectedly (didzektédli), adv. [-1ty?.] In
a dejected manner.
16x Cotcr., Bassement, basely, lowly, deiectedly. 1675
Brooks Gold. Key Wks. 1867 V. 189 As he stood bound
before the palace, leaning dejectedly upon a tree. 1805,
Scorr Last Minstr. 1. Concl., Dejectedly and low he
bowed, 188r Miss Brappon Asfh. II. 256 Those early
comers who roam about empty halls dejectedly.
Dejectedness (didzektédnés). [-NEss.]
+1. The state of being cast down or humbled (in
fortunes, condition, etc.); abasement. Ods.
1608 Br. Hatt Char. Virtues § V.1.27 No Man sets so
low a value of his worth as himselfe, not out of ignorance..
but of a voluntary and meeke deiectednesse. 1646 JENKYN
Remora 15 Lownes and dejectednes of estate. 1721 R.
Keita tr. 7. Kempis's Solil. Soul iv. 139 Behold, O Lord,
the Dejectedness of my State.
2. The state of being downcast or depressed in
spirits.
1633 Br. Hatt Hard Texts 88 An heart full of dejected.
ness and dismay. ¢1740 Mrs. Detany A nfodiog. (1861) I.
13 The dejectedness of my mother's spirits. 1884 Manch,
Exam. 29 Nov. 5/3 The same spirit of..dejectedness which
marks the long-suffering Cockney.
Dejecter (dijdzekto1). [f. DEvect v, + -ER.
Cf. Drsecror.] One who dejects.
1611 CotcR., Abbaisseur, an abaser, debaser, deiecter.
ees yt chomp (déjdzerktil). [f. L. type *deectil-zs,
f, ppl. stem of L, déjécére to DEsxcr 3 cf. projectile,
and L, miss-ilis, plect-ilis; see -1Lx.] A body
thrown or impelled down upon an enemy.
1886 Mrs. Ranpotrn Mostly Fools II. x. 297 Harassing
the foe by casting dejectiles into their works.
Dejection (didze-kfon). Also 5 deieccion.
[a. OF. deyection (14th c. in Godef.), ad. L. déjec-
Zion-em, n. of action from déeyicére (détcére) to cast
down: see Desxct Af/. a.]
1. Zt. The action of casting down; the fact of
being cast down. .
168r Hattywett Melamfpr. 13 (T.) Their [the angels’]
dejection and detrusion into the caliginous regions. 1851
Ruskin Stones Ven. I, xiy. § 10 A hole between each bracket
for the convenient dejection of hot sand and lead.
+b. The throwing down or precipitation of a
sediment. Ods.
1594 Prat Yewell-ho. 1. 40 A means how to make deiection
of the Lee or faeces of y* best sallet oyle.
+2. fig. A casting down, deposing or lowering
(in fortunes, condition, quality, etc.) ; humiliation,
abasement. Oés.
cx4so tr. De Imitatione 11. xxii, Se perfore, lorde, my
deieccion and my frailte. 1545 Jove £2. Dan. iv. (R.),
This deiection and humiliacion might not the kynge knowe.
160r B. Jonson Poetaster Prol., Such full-blown vanity he
more doth loth Than base dejection. 164: Prynne 4 ah
35 The Pope writ Letters to all Nobles..to assist Philip fo:
the dejection of Iohn. | 1659 Pearson Creed i. (2848)
rr
8
- Adoration implies submission and dejection ; so that, while
we worship, we cast down ourselves.
+b. Astrol. (See quot. 1727.) Obs.
1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 1. xxxiv, But in the Bull is thy
kingdom lorne, For therein is thy deiection. r
Cc Cycl., Dejection, in astrology, is applied to the
planets, when in their detriment, 7, ¢. when they have lost
DEJEUNE.
their force, or influence. .by reason of their being in opposi-
tion to some others. .Or, it is used when a planet is in a sign
opposite to that wherein it has its greatest effect, or influ-
ence, which is called its exaltation, Thus, the sign Aries
being the exaltation of the sun. .Liéra is its dejection.
8. Depression of spirits ; downcast or dejected
condition.
¢ 1450 tr. De Jmzttatione 11. xi, If ihesu hide him ande a litel
forsake hem, pei falle into a compleynyng or into ouer gret
deieccion. a 1631 Donne in Sedect, (1840) 120 To sink into
a sordid melancholy, or irreligious dejection of spirit. 1667
Mitton P, ZL. x1. 301 What besides Of sorrow and dejection
and despair Our frailtie can sustain. 1791 BosweLt Yohu-
son an. 1755 (1831) I. 283 That miserable dejection of spirits
to which he was constitutionally subject. 1865 PARKMAN
Huguenots vi. (1875) 72 A deep dejection fell upon them,
4. Lowering of force or strength ; diminution
or weakening (of the bodily strength or appetite).
1652 Frencu Vorksh, Spa viii. 78 A manifest dejection of
the appetite. 1659 Hammonp Ox Ps. cvi. 15 Annot. 537
A suddain and almost incredible dejection of strength. 1732
Arsutunot Rides of Diet 294 Dejection of Appetite. 1883
Syd. Soc. Lex., Dejection.. applied also to depression,
exhaustion, or prostration. ;
5. Med. Evacuation of the bowels, fcecal dis-
charge.
1605 Timmer QOversit, 1. xvi. 82 Purgations which work. . by
deiections, by vomit, by sweates, and by urines, 1691 Ray
Creation (J.', Where there is good use for it [the choler]..to
provoke dejection. 1805 Med. Frnl. XIV. 430 She.. had
frequent vomitings and dejections,
6. concr. That which is dejected: a. Fecal dis-
charge, excrement.
1727-51 Cuampers Cycl. s.v., Deyection is also, and that
more ordinarily, applied to the excrements themselves, thus
evacuated. 1849 Yrnl. KR. Agric. Soc. X. u. 522 Fecal
dejections, 1861 Hutme tr. Moguin-Tandon 1. vu.
Dr. Hassall also found the Vibrios in the dejections of
cholera.
b. Geol. Matter thrown out from a volcano.
1839 Murcuison Silur. Syst. 1, xxiii. 291 A greenish grey
sandstone, evidently formed of volcanic submarine dejec-
tions. 1849 — Siluria iv.77 By the action of submarine
volcanoes, such igneous dejections are supposed to have
accumulated. |
+ Deje'ctive, ¢. Ods.
(see DEJECT PPI. a.) + -1VE.]
1. Characterized by, or betokening, dejection,
submission, or abasement.
159 Horsey Trav. (Hakluyt Soc.) 160 They yeld [the
city] with a dejective flag of truce. 1611 Speen //ist. Gt, Brit.
1x. iv. §18 Humbling himselfe in a more dejectiue manner,
then either his birth, or owne nature could well brooke.
2. Med. Causing evacuation, purgative.
1605 TimME Oversit.1. vi. 23 It will be made both deiective
and vomitive. 1657 ‘Tomtinson Renon’s Disp. 45 ‘Two purg-
ing medicaments, one a vomiting or ejective, the other
dejective.
+ Dejectly, adv. Ods. [f. Desect Apl. a. +
-LY2.] Ina ‘deject’ manner, dejectedly.
161r Cotcr., Penensement, deiectly, heartlesly. 1653
Cloria § Narcissus 1. 50 It doth not become a Prince of
your birth. .to entertaine dejectly these passages. 1767 H.
Brooke Fool of Qual. (1859) II. 237 (D.), I rose dejectly,
curtsied, and withdrew without reply.
+ Deje‘ctment. Ods. [a. obs. F. dejectement
‘a deiecting, bringing low, also contumelious re-
pulse’ (Cotgr.), in earlier F, degiere-, deget(t)ement,
dejet(t)ement, £. degieter, déjeter, f. DE- 1, 1 + jeter
:-L. jactare freq. of jacére to throw. Cf. med. or
mod.L. déjectamentum.] A bringing low, abase-
ment, dejection.
1656 S. Hot.anp Zara (1719) 53 To Soto’s extream deject-
ment..the Inchantress .. demanded of him [etc.]. 1660 H.
More Myst. Godl. vi. vi. 229 He... who in his dejectment
could raise to life not only a faithless but senseless corps.
Dejector (didze‘kto1), Med. rave. [agent-n.
in L. form from L, déjicere to DEsECT.] A dejectory
agent or medicine; an aperient.
1831 TRELAWNY Adv. Younger Son 1, 239 An emetocath-
articus, an enema, or simple dejectors,
Dejectory (didze'ktari), @. [f. as prec. : see
-ory.] Capable of promoting evacuation of the
bowels ; aperient.
1640 E, Cuitmeap Ferrand’s Love Mel. 346 (T.) Easily
wrought upon and evacuated by the dejectory medicines.
Dejecture (d/dge'ktitiz). [f. L. type *aezec-
tira (cf. jactiira a throwing away), f. déjicére to
throw down: see -URE.] Matter discharged from
the bowels ; excrement.
1731 ArsutunoT A diments vi. (R.), Excess of animal secre-
tions, as of perspiration, sweat, liquid dejectures, &c.
+ De‘jerate, v. Ods. [f. L. dzerare to take an
oath, f. DE- I. 3 + jaérare to swear.] utr. and
trans. To swear solemnly. Hence + De‘jerated
ppl. a. So + Dejera'tion, + Dejerator.
1607 J. Kine Serm, Nov. 32 Their vowed and deierated
secresie. a@164x Br. MountaGu Acts § Mon. (1642) 302
Antipater..dejerated deeply, and called God to witnesse of
hisinnocency, 1612-15 Bp. Hatt Contempi., O. T. xxi. viii,
Doubtlesse with many vowes and teares, and dejerations, he
labours to clear his intentions, 1 Biount Glossogr.,
Deieration, a solemn swearing. 1623 KERAM, Deierator,
a great swearer.
Dejeune, dejune. Oés. or arch. [For earlier
desjeune, DISJUNE, a. OF. desjeun (Froissart), mod.
F. dial. déjun, f. desjeuner, mod.F. déjeuner to break
fast, to breakfast, f. des-, dé- (De- I. 6) + F tial
. 20 :
[f. L. deect- ppl. stem
DEJEUNER.
L, jejiin-us fasting. Su ed in mod.F, (hence
also in Eng.) by déjeuné, déjeuner.] =next.
[1589 Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 35 He had ended his des-
june.) 1630 B. Jonson New /nn mn. i, Take a dejeune of
muskadel and eggs. 1788 Disinterested Love 1. 39 He
arrived yesterday about twelve, and, shameful to relate, the
dejeune was not removed. 1810 Sforting Mag. XXXV.
201 To treat them with an elegant dejune. 1837 Dickens
Pickw. xviii, For two days after the dejeune at Mrs. Hunter's,
the Pickwickians remained at Eatanswill.
|| Déjeuner, + déjeuné (dezine). [mod.F.
déjeuner, formerly often déjeund (cf. CoUCHEE),
res. inf. =to breakfast, used subst. = breaking fast,
Srenicheat,] The morning meal ; breakfast.
In France, it often corresponds in time more to the English
luncheon, for which déjeuner is consequently used as a
onym. Déjeuner a la fourchette (lit. breakfast with the
fork], a late déjeuner of a substantial character, with meat,
wine, etc.; a luncheon. i
1787 Mary tr. Riesbech's Trav. Germ. xxxi. II. 47 Every
body now gives dinés, soupes, and dejunés. 1818 Moore
Fudge Fam. Paris i. 8 This exceeding long letter You owe
to a déjeuner a la fourchette. 1826 J. R. Best Four Years
in France 289 We took our déjuné at which we had deli-
cious grapes and execrable wine. 1849 THACKERAY Pen-
dennis vii, At her déjeuner-di ¢ after the Bohemian Ball.
1864 Daily Tel. 31 May, At the tables on which that descrip-
tion of banquet usually called a déjetiner is spread.
Dejudicate, variant of DiJuDICATE.
1623 CocKERAM II, To Censure. . Determine, Deiudicate.
Dejunkerize: see Dr- II. 1.
De jure: see De- I. 5.
+ Dejury. Ods..rare—". [ad. L. déjitri-um
an oath, f. déjirare (earlier déjerdre) to take an
oath, make oath, f. De- I. 3 + jwrare to swear.]
A solemn oath. 7
1683 E. Hooxer Pref. Ep. Pordage's Mystic Div. 15 Com-
mon Oaths, cursed epee, monstrous Perjuries.
Dekadarchy, -drachm, Dekarch, etc. : see
DeEca-.
Dekay, dekey, obs. forms of Decay.
Deken, -in, -on, -un, -yn(e, obs. ff. Deacon.
+Deking, v. Ols. [f. Dz- Il. 2 + Kine.]
trans. To depose (a king) ; to dethrone.
1611 Spee Hist. Gt, Brit. 1x. xi. id eeotbte being thus
de-kinged, the Embassie rode joyfully backe to London.
Dekle, variant of DECKLE.
Del, obs. f. DEAL sé.1, and of DoLE, mourning.
+ Dela‘be, v. Ols. rare. [ad. L. délabi to slip
down, f. De- I. 1 + /a07 to slide, fall.] intr, To
glide down.
1657 Tomiinson Renon's Disp. Pref., There is no Jurgia
154
Delai, -ance, -ment, etc.: see DELAY, etc.
Delaine (dilz'n). [Short for muslin delaine,
F. mousseline de laine \it. ‘woollen muslin’, so
called as being a woollen tissue of great thinness
or fineness. ] sig | called‘in full mousseline-
or muslin-de-laine: A kind of light textile fabric,
chiefly used for women’s dresses ; — made
of wool, now more commonly of wool and cotton,
and generally printed.
a. 1840 THackeray Shabby Genteel Story iii. Dressed in
a sweet yellow mousseline de laine. 1862 Lond. Rev. 26 Jul
87 These were muslin-de-laines .. made with a cotton welt
and a woollen warp.
B. 1849 Glasgow Exam. 2. 3/1 A lot of beautiful
De Laine dresses. 1860 O. W. Hotmes Elsie V. (1887) 78
The poor old green de-laine. 1891 Leeds Mercury 25 May
5/2 Pretty gowns of black delaine figured with col
flower sprays.
Delait(e, obs. ff. DrLatE, DitaTE; obs. Sc. pa.
pple. of DELETE.
elaminate (dilemineit), v. Azo/. [f. Dr-
I.1,2+L. /amina thin plate, leaf, layer: see -aTE 3,
(Cf. L. délaminare, to split in two.)] ¢vans, and
intr. To split into separate layers.
1877 Huxtry Anat. Inv. Anim. iii. 157 note, In other
species of Actinia and in Alcyonium, the planula seems to
delaminate. | 7 B P
Delamination (d/leminé'-fan). Biol. [n. of
action from prec.] The process of splitting into
separate layers: sfec. applied to the formation of
the layers of the BLasToDERM (q.v.).
1877 Huxtey Anat, Inv. Anim. iii. 115 note, The forma-
tion of the gastrula by delamination, or splitting of the
walls of an oval shut mage into two layers. 1886 H.
Spencer in 19/4 Cent. May 764 The next stage of develop-
ment..is reached in two ways—by invagination and by de-
lamination.
Delapidate, etc., obs. form of DILAPIDATE, etc.
[Delapsation : a spurious word in Webster,
copied in subsequent Dicts. : see DELASSATION.]
+ Dela‘pse, s/. Ods. rare. [ad. L. délaps-us
downfall, descent, f. dé/abi (see next).] Falling
down, downfall, descent.
¢ 1630 Jackson Creed. v. xi. Wks. IV. 85 By their delapse
into these bodily sinks of corruption. a ‘TOMLINSON
Renou's Disp. 548 They [comfrey roots] .. cohibit the de-
lapse of humours.
Delapse (dfle'ps), v. Obs. or arch. [f. L.
| délaps-, ppl. stem of dé/abi to slip or fall down, f.
Mentis to pertarr your Cogitations from delabing through |
the Golden Chanels of Experience.
Dela‘bialize, v. [f. De- II. 1+ Lasrana. +
-IZE.] ¢vans. To deprive of its labial character.
1875-6 Sweet in 7rans. Philol. Soc. 568 When the o of
hano became delabialized into a in Frisian.
+ Dela‘biate, v. Obs. rare. [Incorrectly f. L.
délabi (see DELABE) + -ATE3.] = DELABE.
1632 W. Litucow 77av. vu. 318 The abundant Snow ..
dissolving in streames, to the Lake Zembria, it ingorgeth
Nylus so long as the matter delabiates.
+Dela‘brate, v. rare. [f. F. délabrer, to
shatter, dilapidate, délabré dilapidated, tattered ;
of unknown origin: see Littré and Hatzfeld.]
To dilapidate, ruin. Hence Dela-brated A//. a.
1813 ForsytH Remarks Excurs. Italy 292 You can dis-
tinguish at once the three delabrated craters upon which
the city forms a loose amphitheatre, :
+Dela‘ce, v. Obs. rare—'. [a. F. délacer, in
OF. des- (DE- I. 6) + /acer to Lace.) ¢rans. To
untie, undo.
1581 T. Howett Deuises (1879) 259 My onely ioy regarde
you this my wofull case, Sith none but your disdaine, my
sorrow can delace.
Delacerate, -ation, obs. ff. DILACERATE, etc.
+ Delacrimate, v. Ols—° In 7 delachry-.
[f. L. dé/acrimare to shed tears, weep, f. Dr- I. 1,
3 + /acrimare to weep, /acrima tear.] ‘To weepe’
(Cockeram 1623).
Delacrima‘tion. Also 7 delachry-, 7-9
delacry-. [ad. L. délacrimdation-em, n. of action
from délacrimare (see prec.).] Weeping or shedding
of tears (ods.) ; a superabundant flow of an aqueous
or serous humour from the eyes; epiphora.
1623 Cockeram, Delachrymation, a ping. 1640 Park-
ssson Theat. Bot, 223 It procureth frequent and strong
neesing, often times even unto mene samegee g 1727 BaiLry
vol. Il, Delacrymation, the falling down of Humours, the
Waterishness of the Eyes, or a weeping much, 1883 Syd.
Soc, Lex., Delacrymation, a synonym of Epiphora.
Dela‘crimative,. Alsodelacry-. [f. ppl.
stem of L. délacrimare (see prec.) +-IVE.] (a)
‘ Having power to stop the flow of-tears; also, po
ow
applied to substances which produce a great
of tears’ (Syd: Soc, Lex.).
181r Hoorrr Med. Dict., Delachrymativa, medi
which dry the eyes, first purging them of tears.]
Delacta‘tion. [f. Dr- I. 6 + Lacration.]
a. The act of weaning; b. ‘artificial arrest of the
secretion of milk’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.).
1727 Battery vol. II, Delactation, a weaning from the
Sera 1730-6 —- (folio). Hence ‘in Jounson and mod,
| voyce delapsed
De- I. 1 + (a7 to slip, fall.] z#tr. To fall or slip
down, descend, sink. /#¢. and fig.
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W.de W. 1531) 203 The diuyne fatherly
commynge downe from his magnifycent
glory. 165: Biccs New Disf. 243 Nature is delapsed into
that dotage and folly. 1848 Wornum in Lect. Painting by
R. A.'s 79 note, Greece. .delapsed into a Roman province.
Hence Dela‘psed f/f/. a.
1622 Drayton Poly-olb. xxviii. (1748) 379 Which Anne
deriv’d alone, the right, before all other, Of the ——
crown, from Philip her fair mother. 1631 J. Done Poly-
doron 183 Those Delapsed Angells. 1730-6 Battery (folio),
Delapsed (with Physicians], a bearing or falling down of the
womb, of the fundament, etc. [An error for DELapsion of
ed. 17213 reproduced in Johnson and some mod. Dicts.]
1819 i Busk Vestriad 1, 423 Am I debas'd, delaps'd, de-
funct, forsooth, My orb eclips’d, or day-star set, in truth?
+Dela‘psion. Oés. [f. L. type délapsion-em,
n. of action f. dé/abi, délaps-: see prec.] A falling
down ; in /ath, = prolapsus.
1603 Hottann Plutarch’s Mor. 954 (R.) That the same
rays being carried so great a way, should have their fric-
tions, fluxions, and delapsions. 1706 Puttwirs (ed. eg fn
Delapsion, a slipping, sliding or falling down: In the
of Physick, a falling or bearing down of the Womb, Funda-
ment, Guts, etc. 1721 in Baitey (cf. Prec}
+ Dela‘sh, v. Sc. Obs. [a. OF. delacher ‘to
discharge’ (Cotgr.), in OF. deslachier, £. des-, dé-
(De- I. 2, 6) + lacher:—L. laxare to loosen.)
trans. To discharge, let fly.
1582-8 //ist. Yames VI (1804) 247 A number of English
bowmen delashet some arrowes againes the Scotish com-
pany. 1 R. Bruce Serm. Sacrament Giijb (Jam.),
Against this ground they delash their artillerie siclike. 1606
Binnie Airk-Buriadl (1838) 11 To stand out against the
thunder-bolts of death delashed by God.
‘ssable, a. Ols.—° erron. -ible. [ad.
L. délassabilis.) Capable of being wearied out.
1727 Baiey vol. II, Dedassible, that may be tired. 1730-6
— (folio). Hence 1775 in Asx. i
+ Delassa‘tion. Os. rare—'. [n. of action
f. L. délassare to weary or tire out, f. de-, DE- I. 3
+/assdre to weary.] Fatigue, weariness.
1692 Ray Dissol, World 11. ii. (1732) 102 [The birds] are
able to continue longer on the Wing without Delassation.
1727 Baiey vol. II, Dedassation, a tiring or i
a‘ssitude, v. once-wd. [Dx- IL. 2 trans.
To deliver or recover from lassitude.
ne Pa Irvine in Life §& Lett. (1862) I. 163 The..method
by which you delassitude yourself after the fatigues of an
evening’s campaign.
Delate (dilét), v. Also 6 Sc. delait, 6-7 di-
late, 7 Sc. deleat. [f. L. dé/at-, ppl. stem of
défer-re to bear or bring away or down, convey,
deliver, , indict, accuse, etc.; with 4, cf.
med.L. délatére to bring before a judge, indict,
accuse, freq. of déferre: see DEFER v.2,
DELATION.
(The stem Z4t- (*-t/at-) belongs to a different root (*7
Gr. rAd-ew ee ee ete
+1. trans. To carry down or away, convey to a
particular point; = DeErer v.2 1. Ods.
1578 Banister Hist. Man 1. 15 The bone of the cheeke ..
hath a round hole. . through which is transmitted a of
= thyrd —— = ree pee to the Muscles of
nose. 1626 N a 'o try exactly the time
oa |
° or offer for acceptance or adop-
tion; =Derer v.2 2. Obs.
3555 Harpsriecp Divorce Hen. VIIT piri ” This
B B did. .refuse the oath delated to him for the con-
rmation of the said divorce. 1875 Poste Gaius 1. Comm.
(ed. 2) 224 On the incapacitation of the first heres institutus
the inheritance would be instantaneously delated (offered
for acceptance) to the heres substi or to
ab intestato. -
+38. To hand down or over, transfer; to refer (a
matter fo any one). Obs.
1651 Howe t Venice 201 Which charge and singular trust
was delated unto them for their extraordinary prudence.
a ~ Osporn Characters, &c. Wks. (1673) 617 The Abstract
of all Delated Dignities. @ 1734 Nortu Exam. u. v. § 2.
(1740) 330 In a Nation that hath Established Laws, ail
—- of Right and Wrong are delated to executive
‘ower. 1858 Masson Milton 1. 342 The King delates them
{Instructions] to the two Archbishops; each Archbishop is to
see to their execution by the bishops of his own province.
4. To accuse, bring a charge against, impeach ;
to inform against ; to denounce to a judicial tri-
bunal, esf. that of the Scotch ecclesiastical courts.
1515 in Douglas's Wks. (1874) I. p: lxi, Comperit Master
Gavin Douglas .. and schew how .. he was delatit to be ane
evile man in diuers poyntis. 1536 BELLENDEN Cron. Scot.
(1821) Il. 414 Ane wikit limmare. ,quhilk was oftimes dilatit
of adultry. 1609 Skene Reg. May., Treat. 132 Gif he quha
is suspect, or d d to haue itted , is fugitiue.
1637-50 Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 53 He wes delated to the
Presbyterie. 1776 Jounson in Boswell, Case Fas. Thomson,
If a minister be thus left at liberty to delate sinners from the
pulpit .. he may often blast the innocent. 1834 H. Miter
Scenes & Leg. xix. (1857) 280 They deliberated together ..
on delating her as a witch before the 7 of Tain.
rey eons Capt. Dangerous 11. iii. 119 oper 1 delate me to
the English Resident at Brussels for a Jacobite spy.
b. To report, inform of (an offence, crime, fault).
1582-8 Hist. James VI (1804) 107 He imediatlie come to
Edinburgh, and thair delaitit his turpitude to the judge
criminall. 1605 G. Powe. Refut. mom Puritan-Papist
28 To punish the crimes delated vnto him. 1605 B. Jonson
Volpone 1. vi, They may delate My slacknesse to my patron.
1848 J. H. Newman Loss § Gain u. ix. 208 Facts like these
were, in most cases, delated to the Head of the house to
which a young man belonged.
5. To relate, report.
a 1639 Sportiswoop //ist. Ch. Scot. 1. (1677) 185 He .. de-
lated the matter to the Queen. 1798 T. Jerrerson Writ.
(1859) IV. 246 This party division is necessary to induce
each to watch and delate to the le the proceedings
the other. 1862 Sir H. Taytor S¢. Clement's Eve. iii, Still
of the art itself I spare to speak, a ten eee in quality of
witness, The art's practitioners as I have known them,
Hence Dela‘ted //. a., Dela'ting vl. sd,
x i* I Bao.A. Awpov (1603) 100 The nature and by-
past life of the dilated person. 1708 J. CHAMBERLAYNE
St. Gt. Brit. u. . iii. (1743) 366 When the delated father,
i.e. the man whom the eth, appears, he is
examined. 1820 Ess, Witchcraft 9 Their delating of one
another, as it is called.
Delate, obs. form of Dinatr, DELETE.
Delatinize, -ed, -ation: see Dr- IL. 1.
Delation (di12'fan). Also 6-7 dilation. [ad.
L. délation-em information, accusation, denuncia-
tion, n. of action from dé/at-, ppl. stem of déferre :
Dilation of the
hearing. did. § 209 It is certain that the Delation of Light
is in an Instant.
2. Handing down (to a new r), handing
over, transference. Ods. (exc. in Rom. Law).
1681 WHARTON ieee @ Are Wis. (2009) 64 The sole de-
lation of the E) ugustus Caesar, became of happy
consequence to Spani s. 1875 Poste Gaius u. a
or de-
fs 190 The only title required .. was the
ion of the inheritance and vacancy of possession,
8. An accusing or bringing a chem against, esp.
on the part of an informer; informing against ;
accusation, denouncement, criminal information,
1578 Sc. Poems 16th C. 11. 183 Priests, burne na ma, Of
wrang delation ye may hyre .. And let abjuring - 1604
Suaks. O¢h. 11. iii, 123 Such things .. in a man 's —
They're close dilations [so F. 1, Q. 2, 3; Q. 1 denotements,
working from the heart, That Passion cannot rule, 16a
Relig. Wotton. (1672) 307 Three Gentl «» who
all secret Delations on matter of practice against the Re-
Srortiswoop /ist, Ch. Scot. 11. pops
ublick. @
pon some envious delations the King
him. _1790 Burke Fr, Rev. Wks. V. 372 That court is to
try criminals sent to it by the national assembly, or brought
before it by other courses of delation, 1862 MertvaLe Kom,
Emp.(1865) VII. Ixii. 386 In criminal cases. .the interference
of a mere stranger was unaul delation. 1893 Dudlin
Rev. July 6 is [Abbé Dupin’s] delation to the Archbishop
of Paris by Bossuet.
Delation, obs. var. of Diuation, delay.
Delative, obs. form of Dinative.
: ' DELATOR.
Delator (d/lzitax). Also 6 delatour, 7 -later,
-laiter ; 6-7 di-. [a. L. dé/ator informer, accuser,
denouncer, agent-n. of déferre (ppl. stem délat-) :
see DeLaTE v.] An informer, a secret or profes-
sional accuser. f
1572 Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. (1846) I. 81 Whosoevir wald
delaite any of heresye, he was heard: no respect nor con-
sideratioun had what mynd the delatour bayre to the persone
delated. 1598 Srow Swrv. xliii. (1603) 472 In this Court he
heard those that are delators or informers in popular and
enalactions. 1649 Br. Hatt Cases Conse. u. vil. 134 Hence
it is that Delators, and Informers, have in all happy and
well-governed States, been ever held an infamous and odious
kind of Cattell. 1776 Gispon Decl. § F. I. xiv. 311 A for-
midable army of sycophants and delators. 1874 Farrar
Christ 1. 1x. 387 There might be secret delators in that
very mob.
Delator, -our, obs. forms of Dinaror, a delay.
Delatorrian, a. nonce-wd. [f. DELATOR after
pretorian.| Of informers or spies.
1818 Moore Fudge Fam. Paris Pref., That Delatorian
Cohort which Lord S—dm—th .. has organized.
+ Delatory, 2. Ods. [ad. L. délatori-us, f.
déelator: see prec. and -ory.] Of the nature of
criminative information or accusation.
1608 Br. Hatt Char. Virtues §& V. 1. 83 (Busie-Bodie)
There can no Act passe without his Comment, which is ever
far-fetch’t, rash, suspicious, delatorie. 1609 Br. W. Bartow
Answ, Nameless Cath. 107 Which delight in such Calum-
niations, and vse those Delatory accusations.
Delatory, obs. form of Dinarory.
Delature, obs. var. of DitaturE, delay.
+ Dela'vy, des-, di-, dis-, 2. Obs. Also
-lavee, lavé. [a. OF. des/avé washed away, over-
flowed, like a flood or inundation, f. des- :—L. dis-
+ /avé washed.
The OF. word had also the sense ‘washed (De- I. 6),
befouled, dirty’, retained in Swiss Romance ; and perhaps
this was present in some of the English examples under
sense 2.]
1. Of floods: Overflowing, abundant.
@ 1400-50 A lexander 1351 (MS. D.) Par flowe owt of fresh
wynne flodez enowe, So largly & so delavy [MS. A. delauyly].
. Of speech or behaviour: Going beyond
bounds, immoderate, unbridled, dissolute.
¢ 1380 Wyciir Wes. (1880) 306 Pise freris ben doumbe ..
when pei shulde speke .. but pei ben dilauy in heere tungis,
in gabbyngis & other iapis. — Sed. Wés. III. 388 [Freris]
ben moste dislavy of hor veyn speche and worldly. ¢ 1386
Cuaucer Pars. 7. 555 As seith Salamon, The amyable
tonge is the tree of lyf .. and soothly a deslauee [v.”. deslaue,
dislave, disselaue ; Vulg. Prov. xv. 4, immoderata] tonge
sleeth oe of hym that repreueth and eek of hym that.
is repreued. /d/d. 760 Mesure also, that restreyneth by
reson the deslauee [v.7. dislave, delaue, delavy] appetit of
on e. ¢1422 Hoccteve Fereslaus’ Wife 90x A shipman
which was a foul lecchour .. to his contree iin shoop lede
hire this man delauee.
Hence + Dela‘vily adv. [see above, sense 1];
+ Dela‘viness.
¢1380 Wycir Serm. Sel. Wks. II, 298 Dilavynesse of tunge
in spekinge wordis oper ban Goddis is passynge fro good re-
ligioun. 1447 BokeNnam Seynfys (Roxb.) 156 Mary Maw-
delyn .. hir youthe in dislavynesse Of hir body so unshame- |
fastly She dispendyd. a 1g00 Prose Legends in Anglia VILL.
168, I shent myselfe wip so grete delauynesse, turnynge to
my-selfe after be sermon.
Delay (d?lé-), sd. Forms: 3-6 delaie, 3-7
delaye, 4 delai, (4-6 dilaye, 5 deley, delee),
3- delay. [ME. a. F. déaz (12th c. in Littré),
also in OF, de/ed, delo’, Cotgr. (1611) delay, f. OF.
delaier, in mod.F. dilayer: see DeLay v. (Not
immediately cognate with It. dé/ata.)]
1, The action of delaying; the putting off or de-
ferring of action, etc. ; procrastination, loitering ;
waiting, lingering.
1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 42 Somme tango adelay, & somme
al out wyp seyde. ¢ 1380 Wycuir Wks. (1880) 305 Pei seken
:-fals dilayes to lette knowyng of treupe. — 1413 Lypa.
Pilgr. Sowle 1, xviii. (1859) 18 Thou shalt nought with such
delayes and excepcyons escape. 1548 Hatt Chron. 241 b,
Sent Ambassadors..with faire woordes, and frivolous de-
laies. 1583 Hottypanp Campo di Fior 47 To do so great
an enterprise, Imake nodelay. 1600 Suaxs. A. ¥. ZL. ut.
ii. 207 One inch of delay more, is a South-sea of discouerie ;
I pre’thee tell me, who is it quickely. 1602 — Ham. ut. i. 72
For who would beare .. the Lawes delay, The insolence of
Office. | @ 1628 Preston New Covt. (1634) 435 Delay in all
things is d » but p ination in takeing the offer
of Grace, is the most dangerous thing in the World, 1678
Orway Friendship ix F, 39 Come, come, delayes are dan-
gerous, 1887 Bowen Virg. Aineid v1. 846
whose timely delays gave strength to the state.
comb, 8x0 Bentuam Packing (1821) 264 Observing the
House of Lords to have .. become, in respect of its appellate
jurisdiction, converted into a sort of delay-shop,
b. The fact of being delayed or kept waiting for
a time; hindrance to progress.
1748 F. Surri Voy. Disc. N.-W. Pass. I. 79 These Delays
from the Wind .. were a great Check to [our] Hopes. 1875
Jowerr Plato (ed. 2) I. 384 There will be a delay of a day.
2. Phrases. a. Without delay; without waiting,
immediately, at once.
¢ 1275 Lay. 17480 Pat hii come to Ambres-buri wib houte
delaie. 1375 Barsour Bruce i. 388 He thocht, but mar
delay, In-to be manland till arywe. 1382 Wycuir Acts xxv.
17 Withoute ony delay.. I .. comaundide the man for to be
id to. cx420 Avow. Arth. (Camden) xxii, He wold pay
,— aetege wp With-owtyn delees. 1548 Hatt Chron. 214
ithout delay they armed them selfe, and came to defende
‘abius thou,
155
the gates, 1747 West.ey Prim. Physic (1762) p.xxvi, Without
Delay to apply to a Physician that fears God. Zod. I must
return without delay.
+b. Zo put or set in delay: to delay, defer, put
off. Ods.
1393 Gower Conf. I. 274 The sentence of that ilke day
May none appele sette in delay. c1470 Henry Wadlace
vir. 704 And thus thai put the battail on delay. 1490
Caxton Eneydos xxi. 77, I requyre only that he putte this
thyng in delaye for a certayn space of tyme.
Delay (diléi-), vt Forms: 3 delaizen, 3-6
delaie(n, (4 deley, dylaye), 4-6 delaye, 3-
delay. [ME. a. OF. delaier, delayer (also deleer,
deleier, deloter, desl-, dell-, dil-, dal-, dol-, to put off
(an event, or person), to retard, to defer; in mod.
¥. dilayer (16th c. in Littré and Hatzf.), but delayer
in Cotgr. 1611.
The derivation of the F. word is difficult. The sense is
that of late L. dz/atdre (Du Cange), freq. of difzrre to defer,
delay, put off; but this does not account for the actual form,
since it could only give an OF, dleer or (with Rom. prefix)
desleer.J
1. trans. To put off to a later time; to defer,
postpone. + Zo delay time: to put off time.
c 1290 S. Eng. Leg. 1.87/30 And bide pat he it delaize Ane
preo 3er. 1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 513 Me nolde nou3t, that is
crouninge leng delaied were. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 290
For to make him afered, The kinge his time hath so delaied.
1489 Caxton Faytes of A. 1, xxii. 68 To delaye the bataylle
vnto another day. 1586 B. Younc Guazzo's Civ. Conv. i.
181 b, Delaie the sentence no longer. 1594 West 2nd Pt.
Symbol. Chancerie § 140 Who .. with faire promises delaied
time, and kept the said C. D. in hope from yeare to yeare.
1611 Biste Jatt. xxiv. 48 My Lord delayeth his comming.
1737 Pore Hor. Efist.1. i. 41 Th’ unprofitable moments ..
‘That .. still delay Life’s instant business to a future day.
1821 SHELLEY Prometh, Und. 11. iii. 6 Freedom long desired
And long delayed. 1847 Grote Greece 1. xl. (1862) III. 433
He delayed the attack for four days.
b. with zzf. To defer, put off.
@1340 Hampote Psalter vi. 3 How lange dylayes pou to
gif grace. 1611 Biste 4x. xxxii. 1 When the people saw
that Moses delayed to come downe. 1799 Cowrer Cast-
away v, Some succour. .[they] Delayed not to bestow. 1847
‘Tennyson Princ. iv. 88 Delaying as the tender ash delays
To clothe herself, when all the woods are green.
+c. With personal object: To put (any one)
off, to keep him waiting. Oés.
1388 WycuF Acts xxiv. 22 Felix delayede hem. 1512 Act
4 Hen. VITI, c. 6 § 2 If..the same Collectours .. unreason-
ably delay or tary the said Marchauntes. 1530 Patscr.
510/1, I delaye one, or deferre hym, or put hym backe of his
purpose. 1639 Du VerGer tr. Camus’ Admir. Events 88
It was not fit shee should delay him with faire wordes.
1768 Biackstone Coma. III, 109 Where judges of any
court do delay the parties.
2. To impede the progress of, cause to linger or
stand still ; to retard, hinder.
1393 Gower Conf. III. 261 Her wo to telle thanne as-
saieth, But tendre shame her word delaieth. 1634 Mitton
Comus 494 Thyrsis! whose artful strains have oft delayed
The huddling brook to hear his madrigal. 1709 STEELE
Tatler No. 39 ® 4 Joy and Grief can hasten and delay
Time, 1813 SHELLEY Q. Aad 11. 197 The unwilling sojourner,
whose steps Chance in that desert has delayed. 1856 KANE
Arct. Expl. 1. xv. 161 To delay the animal until the hunters
come up. ; . .
3. intr. To put off action ; to linger, loiter, tarry.
1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. xvi. |xix, A womans guyse is
evermore to delaye. 1596 SHaks. 1 Hen. JV, 1. ii. 180
Aduantage feedes him fat, while men delay. 1667 MiLTon
P. L.v. 247 So spake th’ Eternal Father -. nor delaid the
winged Saint After his charge receivd. 1850 TENNyson /2
Mem. \xxxiii, O sweet new-year delaying long.. Delaying
Ma delay no more.
. To tarry ina place. (Now only oetic.)
1654 H. L’Estrance Chas. J (1655) 3 Paris being .. in
his way to ‘Spain, he delaid there one day. a 1878 Bryant
Poems, October, Wind of the sunny south ! oh still delay,
In the gay woods and in the golden air.
ec. To be tardy in one’s progress, to loiter.
1690 Locke Hum. Und. 11. xiv. § 9 There seem to be cer-
tain bounds to the quickness and slowness of the succession
of those ideas .. beyond which they can neither delay nor
hasten,
+ Delay’, v.2 Ods. Forms: (6 delaye, deley),
6-7 delaie, delay, (dilay). [a. F. délayer (13th
c. in Hatzf.), in Cotgr. deslayer ‘to supple, soften,
allay, soake, steepe’, delayer ‘to macerate, alla
or soften by steeping, &c.; also to make thin’,
in OF. desleier, desloter, app. = Pr. deslegar, It.
dileguare, Sp. desleir :—Rom. *dis-ligare, to un-
bind, disunite, f. L. Dis- with separative force +
ligare to bind. Cf. Atuay v.1 III, and ALLY v.2.]
1. trans. To weaken by admixture (as wine with
water); to dilute, temper, qualify; =AuLay v.1
14, 15.
1543 Traneron Vigo's Chirurg. 35 b/t His wyne must be
claret delaied. pe Butteyn Bh, Simples 24b, The same
water is wholsome to delaie wine. 1616 Surri. & Marxku.
Country Farme 419 Dilay it with sufficient quantitie of
Fountaine water. 1624 R. Davenrort City Nightcap 1. in
Hazl. Dodsley XIII. 114 She can drink a cup ofwine not
Seared sat water. Sf j ) ‘ b 7
+ 1565 Jewer Def Afol. (1611) 248 Allowing the words,
he thought it best..to delay, and qualify the same with some
Construction.
b. To debase (coin) by admixture of alloy ;
ALLAY 2. I,
1586 Sir E. Hosy Pol. Disc. Truth xlix. 239 They..which
clippe, waste and delaye coyne.
DELAYOUS.
2. To mitigate, assuage, quench; =ALLAyY v.!
Oy Ite
1530 Patscr. 510/2 This is a soverayne medycine for it hath
delayed my payne in lesse than halfe an hour. 1578 Lyre
Dodoens w. \vii. 518 It delayeth the swelling of them that
have the Dropsie. 1590 Spenser /. Q. ut. xii. 42 ‘Lhose
dreadtull flames she also found delayd And quenched. 1603
Hoiiann Plutarch’s Mor. 19 Vhe mingling of water with
wine, delaieth and taketh away the hurtfull force thereof.
3. To soak, steep, macerate. rare.
1578 Lyte Dodoens v1. xxx. 697 Of the same beries [of
Buckthorn] .. soked or delayed in Allom water, they make
a fayre yellowe colour. 1580 HotLyBanp 7 7veas. Fr. Tong,
Desléer, and destremper, to soake, to deley.
Belay-able, «. vare. [f. DeLay v.! or sb, +
-ABLE.] ‘hat may be delayed ; subject to delay.
1760-72 H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1792) I. 118 Law thus
divisible, debateable, and delayable.
Delay-al. rave. [f. Drtay v.1+ -an: cf. de-
trayal.) The action of delaying; retardation.
1890 J. Hutcuinson Archives Surg. 228 The delayal of
venous circulation.
+ Delay‘ance. O/s. Also 4 delaiance. [a.
OF. delaiance, delayance (Godef.), f. delayer to
DELAY: see -ANCE.] Delaying, delay.
@ 1300 Cursor AL, 26135 (Cott.) Him reu his sinnes sare,
and for-think his lang delaiance. 162g tr. Boccaccio's De-
cameron 11. 134 How little delayance..ought to be in such
as would not have an enchantment to be hindered.
Delayed (diléi-d), af?. al [f. Detay v.1 +
-ED 1.) Deferred, retarded, etc. : see the verb.
1552 Hucoet, Delayed, comperendinatus, procrastinatus,
tardatus. 1879 B. ‘Vaytor Stud. Germ. Lit. 170 It was
only a delayed, not a prevented growth, 1880 JerrEeRIES
Gt. Estate 195 Nothing was said about the delayed visit.
+ Delay'ed, #//. a.2 Obs. [f. DeLay v.2 +
-ED!.]_ Diluted, weakened by admixture; also
transf. of colours.
1543 Traneron Vigo's Chirurg. 1. xix. 29 Ye may gyve
hym also delayed wine of small strength. 1597 GerarDE
Herbal. xcvii. § 2. 155 A fine delaied purple colour. 1610
Hottanp Camden's Brit. (1637) 476 Somewhat yellowish
like delayed gold. 1688 R. Hotme Avmoury u. 295 Of a
delayed chestnut-colour.
Delayer (d/lé'a1). Now rare. [f. Detay v.!
+-ER]. Cf. OF. delayeur, dilayeur.} One who
(or that which) delays.
1. One who lingers or tarries ; one who puts off
®
‘doing something, a procrastinator,
1531 Eryor Gov. 1. xxiv, Called. . Fabius Cunctator, that is
to saye the tariar or delayer. 1653 Hotcrorr Procopius iu.
81 Being no Souldier, a coward, and an extream delayer.
1748 Ricuarvson Clarissa (1811) IV. g2 ‘To quicken the
delayer in his resolutions. 1890 blackw. Mag. CXLVII. 267
‘The dear delayers Whose part is over, but they do not go.
+b. with zz/. One who delays ¢o do something.
Obs. rare.
1640-1 Airkcudbr. War-Commnt Min. Bk. (1855) 93 Re-
fuisers or delayers to mak peyment. 1653 Baxter Cir. Con-
cord xix. Bij b, Delayers or deniers to consent to the matter.
2. (With obj. genitive.) One who (or that which)
retards or hinders ; one who puts off or defers.
1514 Barcray Cyt. § Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) 32 Cratchers
of coyne, delayers of processe. 1642 Rocrers Naaman 26
The furtherer or delayer of his owne grace. @1745 Swirr
Char. Hen. IT, Wks. 1824 X. 391 A delayer of justice.
1888 Pall Mall G. 16 Jan. 6/1 He was a Yankee inventor.
He had patented early-rising machines, burglar delayers..
and. .other curious appliances.
+ Delay‘ful, a. Obs. rare. [f. DeLay sd. +
-FUL.] Full of orcharacterized by delay; dilatory.
1600 Hottanp Livy xxvil. xxi. 644 By whose cold and
delayfull proceedings..Anniball now these ten yeares had
remained in Italie. 1615 CHAPMAN Oc’yss. Iv. 1041 Now
the..queen Will surely satiate her delayful spleen.
Delaying (d/lé'in), v42. sb.1 The action of
Dexay v.!, q.v.; putting off, tarrying, etc. ; delay.
@1340 HampoLe Psalter xii. 1 Haly men .. plenand baim
of delaiynge. c1440 Hytton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494)
1. vii, And thenne .. wythoute ony delayenge he forgeuyth
the synne. c1500 Melusine 144 Goo we thenne.. without
dylayeng. 1583 Stuspes Anat. Adus, u. (1882) 9 This
deferring and delaieng of poore mens causes. 1659 GAUDEN
Tears of Ch. 235 Few do pay them without delayings, de-
falkings, and defraudings. J/od. By delaying he has lost
his chance.
+ Delaying, v2/. sd.2 Ods.
ing ; alloying: see DELAY v.? -
1473 Warkw. Chron. 4 The same ryolle was put viij. d. of
aley, and so weyed viij.d. more by delaynge. 1549 Latimer’s
3rd Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 86 margin, Scrupulous ..
in delayinge of hys wyne wyth water.
Delaying, #//.a. Thatdelays: see DeLay v1
1649 Br. GurHrie Jem. (1702) 74 Yet did his be oe give
it a fair and delaying answer, until the meeting of the Peers.
Hence Delay‘ingly adv.
1864 Tennyson En. Ard. 465 And yet she held him on
delayingly With many a scarce-believable excuse.
+De ay'ment. Obs. Also 4 delaiement.
[ME. a. OF. delate-, delayement (also delee-, delie-,
deloie-), f. delayer to Drtay v.! + -MENT.] The
action of delaying; delay.
1393 Gower Con/. 11.9 He made non delaiement, But goth
him Rome: 1 Caxton Gold. Leg. 237/2 He..blamed
hym greuously of his delayment and necligence. =
+ Delay-ous, @. Ods. rare. [a. OF. delaieus,
f. delat sb., DELAY: see -ous.] Given to, or char-
acterized by, delay; dilatory.
1469 Sir J. Paston in Le#t, Il. No. 619. aa delt wythe
=2
Allaying, temper-
DEL CREDERE.
ght delayous peple. 1494 Fasyan Chron. vi. cliii. 140
‘The parlyament of Fraunce ..is lyke vnto the Court of
requestys..in Englonde. How be it that is of moche gretter
resorte of people, and therwith veray delayous.
|| Del credere (del krédére), attrib. and adv.
phr. Comm. [It. = ‘of belief, of trust,’ f. ded of the,
credere to believe, believing, belief, trust.] A phrase
expressing the obligation undertaken by a factor,
broker, or commission merchant, when he guaran-
tees and becomes responsible for the solvency of
the persons to whom he sells. Hence del credere
agent, account, etc.
Ondel credere terms is a very common heading to invoices
‘of goods sent to agents in foreign or colonial places. Del
credere commission ; see quot. 1849. 7
Bs Yacob's Law Dict., Del Credere, a commission del
credere is an undertaking by an insurance-broker, for an
additional —— to insure his principal against the con-
tingency of the failure of the under-writer. 1849 Freese
Comm. Class-bk. 48 Under the item Charges, must be in-
cluded a charge for guaranteeing the debt, called Delcredere
or guarantee commission, when the consignee makes him-
self responsible for the prompt payment of the debt. 1891
Law Times XC. 224/1 Nor is there any general presump-
tion of law which fixes the broker with liability as a ded
credere agent.
|| Dele (dzlz). [L. dé/é, 2nd sing. pres. imper.
act. of délére to DELETE; but perh. sometimes an
abbreviation of de/eatur.] =DELEATUR, or imper-
atively, ‘ Delete (the letter, etc. marked) ’.
Commonly indicated by a d with a twisted and crossed
head (4).
1841 in SavaceE Dict. Printing.
Dele, obs. form of DEAL.
+ Delea‘gue, dele'gue, v. Ovs. [a. F. dé-
léguer (3rd sing. pres. délégue), 15th c. in Hatzf.,
ad. L. délégare to DELEGATE.) = DELEGATE v.
I TuroGmorton Let. in Robertson Hist. Scotd. (1759)
II. App. 43 A number of persons deleagued, and author-
ized by her. 1623 Favine Theat. Hon. 1. iv. 26 ‘They
delegued Great Pompey, to goe and make Warre. /did.
ut, vii, 394 The Gentlemen deleagued by the said Com-
miussaries,
Deleat(e, obs. form of DELATE v., DELETE v.
|| Deleatur (dZli\2'ti1). [L. =‘let it be de-
leted’; 3rd sing. pres. subj. passive of dé/ére to
blot out, delete.) A written direction or mark on
a printed proof-sheet directing something to be
struck out or omitted ; hence fig.
1602 Parsons Warn-Word, &¢. u. ix. 7ob (Stanf.), We
pervert..the ancient Fathers with the censure of dedeatur
when any sentence lyketh us not. 1640 Six E. Derine Sf.
on Relig. 23 Nov. iii. 7 ‘The most learned labours of our ..
Divines, must bee. defaced with a Deleatur. 1696 EveELYN
Let. to W. Wotton 28 Oct., Deleatur, therefore, wherever
you meet it.
+ Deleasve, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [f. De- Il. 2+
Lear, pl. /eaves.] trans. To strip off (leaves) 5 to
defoliate.
1s9t Harincton Ori. Fur. xxxvu, xxxi, Thrise haue the
leaues with winter been deleaued.
Deleble, var. of DELIBLE.
+ Dele‘ct, v. Os. [ad. L. délectare to DE-
LIGHT.) = DELIGHT v. (¢vans. and infr.)
1530 R. Wuytrorp Werke for Householders H ij, Yf you
.. begyn somwhat to delecte in theyr maters, I advyse you
dissymule. 1588 A. Kina tr. Canisius’ Catech, 211 ‘The
thing in this lyf that delects indures bot a moment.
Delectability (dilektabiliti). [ad. OF. de-
lectableté, {. delectable: see next and -1ry. The
earlier OF. was delitableté, whence DELITABILITY.]
The quality of being delectable; delectableness ;
concr, (in pl.) delectable things ; delights,
c1440 Gesta Rom, li, 232 (Harl. MS.) Pe worlde, that
bihotithe to thé swetnesse & dilectabilites. 1834 Beckrorp
Italy 11. 336, I have heard of this court and its delecta-
bilities. 1856 Lamps of Temple (ed. 3) 119 We will look ..
at the delectabilities of these three volumes. 1886 Holman
Hunt in Contemp. Rev. June 827 Looking at the picture as
a picture should always be regarded—for its delectability to
the eye.
Delectable (d/le‘ktéb’l), 2. [ME. a. OF. de-
lectable, ad. L. délectabilis, {. délectare to DELIGHT :
see -ABLE. ‘The earlier popular form in OF. was
delitable, DELITABLE.
In Shaks. and P. Fletcher still stressed de‘lectadle.]
Affording delight ; delightful, pleasant.
Now little used in ordinary speech, except ironically or
humorously ; seriously in poetry and elevated prose.
¢ 1400 Maunvev. (1839) xiv. 138 A gret contree and a fulle
delectable. - Ti le's , = Musyk clere That
full delectabull was to here. 1529 More Com/. agst. 7 rib.
i. Wks. 1216/2 Delectable allectiues to moue a manne to
synne. 1 pEN Decades 75 Suche newes and presentes as
_ 1526 Pilger. Per?.(W. de W. 1531) 2'
Ba a
156
had told him that he had a delectable voice. Mod. Advt.
Delectable Lozenges, for clearing the throat.
Dele'ctableness. [f. prec. + -nuss.] The
quality of being delectable ; delightfulness.
b, The swetnes &
blenes of this gyfte aboue all y* moost swete thynges.
1556 Even Decades 132 Pleasauntnesse of hylles, and delec-
tablenes of playnes. 1652-62 Heviin Cosmogr. 1. (1673)
151/2 The delectabl of the G adjoynin;
AWTHORNE Bilithedale Rom. \. xiii. 252 A terrible draw-
back on the delectableness of a kiss. 1879 J. Burroucus
Locusts §& W; Honey 16 Half the delectableness is in break-
ing down these frail walls yourself.
Delectably (dilektabli), adv. [f. as prec. +
-Ly2,] Ina delectable manner, delightfully.
¢ 1400 Maunpev. (1839) xxvii. 278 Bryddes songen full
delectabely. 155 Bae Sed. Wks. (1849) 388 Of myrrh, balm,
and aloes, they delectably smell. 1652-62 HEYLIN Cosmogr.
11, (1682) 51 A neat Town, and very delectably seated. 1754
Suespeare Matrimony (1766) I. 157 No ife could pass
more delectably than his.
+ De‘lectary, a. Ods. [f. L. type *délectari-us,
whence also OF. delitaire delectable, f. délecta-re
to delight: see -arY1.] Delectable, pleasant.
1485 Digby Myst. (1882) 11.751 He hathe made me clene
and delectary, the wyche was to synne a subiectary.
Delectate (d/le‘kte't, d7lekte't), v. rare. [f.
ppl. stem of L. délectare to DELIGHT : see -ATE 3, 5.]
trans. To delight. (Affected or humorous.)
1802 Lams Curious Fragm. ir Burton, The silly man ..
thinketh only how best to delectate and refresh his mind.
1841 Fraser's Mag. XXIII. 220, I also delectated myself
greatly in the library. 1871 B. Taytor Faust (1875) 11. 1.
ni. 136 His art and favour delectate you [ime create
you). age ; ;
Delectation (dilektéi-fan). Also 4 -aciun,
4-5 -acioun, 5-6 -acion, -acyon(e, etc.; also
dilect-. [a. OF. delectation (12th c. in Hatzf.),
also delitacion (Godef.), ad. L. délectation-em, n.
of action from dé/ectdre to DELIGHT.] The action
of delighting ; delight, enjoyment, great pleasure.
Formerly in general use, and denoting all kinds of pleasure
from sensual to spiritual ; now (since ¢ 1709) rarer, more or
less affected or humorous, and restricted to the lighter kinds
of pleasure.
13.. 5. Augustin 730 in Horstmann A ltengl. Leg. 74 pat
luttel delectaciun Pat he feled in his etyng. 1382 Wyctir
2 Macc. ii. 26 Sothely we curiden, .that it were delectacioun,
or lykyng, of ynwitt to men willynge for to reede. 1435
Misyn /ive of Love v. 9 Wyckyd treuly pis warld lufe, set-
tand pere-in pe lust of pere delectacyone. 1526 TinpaLe
2 Cor. xii. 10 Therefore have I delectacion in infirmities.
1570 Der Math. Pref. 32 To the glory of God, and to our
honest delectation in earth. 1620 Venner Via Recta iv. 75
It is pleasant to the pallat, and induceth ..a smoothing
delectation to the gullet. a@1g1r Ken Edmund Poet. Wks.
1721 Il. 96 Liking shoots up unheeded to Delight, And
Delectations soon Consent excite. 1779-81 Jounson L. P.,
Garth, ‘The Dispensary ’.. appears .. to want something of
poetical ardour and something of general delectation. 1846
Dickens Cricket on Hearthi, Reproducing scraps of conver-
sation for the delectation of the baby. 1892 7ztes 27 Dec.
7/1 A great many other entertainments were provided for
ihe public delectation. — ;
b. ¢ransf. Something that delights; a delight.
1432-50 tr. //igden (Rolls) I. 249 That the citesynnes
scholde dispute of the commune profette yn tylle none ; and
not attende to eny other delectacion. 1§36 Primer Hen.
V1, 149 Of mind Thou art the delectation, Of pure love
the insuation. 1576 FLeminc Panopl. Epist. 63 If solitari-
nesse and living alone be your delectation.
Delectible, Delection, obs. var. DELECTABLE,
DILECTION.
|| Delectus (d/le*ktis). [a. L. délectus selec-
tion, choice, f. déligére to choose out, select; f.
De- I. 2 + /egérve to gather, cull, choose.] A selec-
tion of passages from various authors, esf. Latin or
Greek, for translation.
[1814 R, Vacry (¢i¢/e), Delectus Sententiarum Gracarum.)
1828 F. E. J. Vavry (yee), Second Greek Delectus, or New
Analecta Minora. 36 — Second Latin Delectus, with
English notes. py ge Life of Watt 512 His first school-
exercises, down to his college themes, his delectuses. 1888
Bernarp World to Cloister y. 114 Such a caning as a small
boy gets at school for not knowing his Delectus, ;
|| Delectus persone. Law. [Lat.=‘choice of
a person’.] The choice or right of selection of a
person to occupy any specific position or relation ;
e.g. of one to be admitted as partner in any firm,
or as tenant in a lease; the right which each exist-
ing partner or party to a contract has of being
satisfied with the person whom it is proposed sub-
sequently to admit into the firm or lease.
1848 WHARTON Law Dict, s.v., The delectus persone, which
is essential to the constitution of partnership. 186x W. Bet
Dict, Law Scot?., Although the delectus persone does not
they brought weredelectabletothekinge. 1578 Lyre Z
1v. Ixxvi. 540 Woodrowe flowreth in May, and then is the
smell most delectable, mae Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep.
1. viii, Athenzeus, a delectable Author. 1667 Mitton ?. Z.
vil. 539, Trees of God, Delectable both to behold and taste.
5 unyan Pilgr. uu. 165 The Shepherds there, who
welcomed them..unto the delectable Mountains. 1759
Srerne Trist, Shandy 1. xi, Of which ortginal journey..
a most delectable narrative will be given in the progress of
this work. 18: Hatiam Hist, Lit. Il. v. 1, 230 note,
For the beautiful lines in the second eclogue of Virgil we have
this delectable h ric versi 1871 R, Extis Catullus
Ixiv. 31 When the delectable hour those days did fully
determine, 1880 H, James Benvolio 1, 372 The old man
now exclude the tenant’s heirs, yet without the landlord's
, either express or implied. .a lease be vol:
tarily assigned or sublet. ‘
lee, obs. form of DELAY.
/,a. Sc. [pa. pple. of deleer =
Delee'rit, A/,
Deine v., F. délirer.] Crazed, out of one’s wits.
: DELEGATE.
Delegacy (del/gisi). [f. DenxcatE sb.: see
1. action or system of delegating ; appoint-
ment of a person as a delegate ; commission or
authority given to act as a ve
sBaan4 Act 05 Hex, VIII, c. 21 § Great summes of money
- ; -taken by the Pope. .for ies, & rescrij
in of and appel 1614 RaLeicu Hist.
World v. ii. §8 Understanding the majesty of Rome to be
otherwise i
indeed wholly in the people and no in the senate
than by way of delegacy or — commission. 1626 State
Trials, Dk. Buckhm.(R.), 7
y are great judges, a court of
the last resort .. and this not by delegacy pnt pone mh
but by birth and inheritance. 1882 Froutkes in Macm. Mag.
XLV. 204 So much for delegacies and appeals in the ab
1888 Bryce Amer. Commw. 11, m. Ixiii. 459 He is. forbidden
to hope for a delegacy to a con i
2. A body or committee of delegates ; + formerly
also, a meeting of such a body.
In the University of Oxford, a permanent committee, or
board of delegates, entrusted with special business; as, the
ad of the Non-Collegiate Students: see DeLecatTe
2b.
162x Burton Anat. Mel. Democr. to Rdr. (1657) 64 The
plaintiff shall have his complaint approved by a set delegacy
to that purpose. 1631 Laup Wés. (1853) V. 49 Their pro-
fessed aim was to dissolve the delegacy a for the
ordering and settling of the statutes [of Oxford]. 1669
Woop Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I]. 172 The Delegacy for
FIG b of books met between 8 in the morn. 1671
J
Jbid. 11. 216 A conference or bo ger fi eld in the lodgings
of D*. Jo. Lamphire, principal of Hart hall. 1852 [see
DELEGATE 2b]. 1867 Jimes 13 Dec. 8/6 Youths residing
entirely..out of College would require special attention, and
therefore it was pro’ to create a delegacy—that is, an
Academic Board—for that purpose. . Pattison
Casaubon 90 The town-council of Montpellier proceeded to
appoint a laucy of eight persons to prepare a scheme for
the college of Arts.
Delegant (del’gint). [ad. L. délégant-em,
pr. pple. of délégare to DELEGATE: so mod.F. délé-
gant.) One who delegates ; in Civi/ Law, one who,
to discharge his debt to a creditor, assigns his own
debtor to the latter, in his place.
1627 W. Sciater Exp. 2 Thess. (1629) 128 The lurisdiction
of the delegant and delegate is one. 1 Br. MAxwett
Prerog. Chr. Kings iv. 44 Samuel was onely the delegate,
God was the principall and delegant. 1818 CoLEBROOKE
Oblig. §& Contracts 1. 214 The most frequent case of dele-
gation is that of a debtor of the delegant, who, for his own
discharge of a debt due by him, delegates that debtor to his
own creditor,
Delegate (de'l’get), sd. Also 5 Sc. diligat(e,
7 delegat. [a. OF. delegdt (= mod.F. déléguéd,
Sp. delegado, It. delegato), ad. L. délégat-us, pa.
pple. of délégére to DELEGATE, used as sb. in Ro-
manic, like L. /égatus.]
1. A person sent or deputed to act’ for or repre-
sent another or others ; one entrusted with authority
or power to be exercised on behalf of those by
whom he is appointed ; a deputy, commissioner.
c Be ge Antecrist in Todd 3 Treat. Wyclif 124 Take we
heede to be popes & cardinals. .delegates & commyssaries.
1461 Liber Pluscardensis X1. viii. (1877) 1. 385 His [God's]
diligatis dois na thyng heire in vayn. 1614 SELDEN Titles
Hon, 252 The del of Bishops in temporall iurisd
_.were stil'd Vicedomini. a 1631 Donne in Select. (1840) 47
Taught .. by the Holy Ghost speaking in his del in
his ministers. 1725 Pore Odyss. 1. sor Elect by Jove his
delegate of sway. 1876 E. Metuor Priesth. vii. 324 He {the
priest] claims simply to stand as delegate of heaven.
b. Now chiefly applied to one or more persons
elected and sent by an association or body of men
to act in their name, and in accordance with their
instructions, at some conference or meeting at which
the whole body cannot be present.
1600 HoLLAND a: xxiv. 838 There were appointed
ten Committees or Delegates [éeats. 1775 Jounson Tax.
no Tyr. 7% The delegates of the several towns and parishes
in Cornwal. . Cox /nstit, 1. viii. 107 Where there
was a district of burghs, each Town Council elected a dele-
gate, and the four or five del lected the b
1878 Jevons Prim, Pol. Econ, 78 Sometimes three or more
delegates of the workmen meet an equal number of delegates
from the masters, “et
¢. A layman appointed to attend an ecclesiastical
council (of which the clergy or ministers are ex
officio members).
1828 in Wessrer; and in later Dicts.
2. spec. @ A commissioner appointed by the
crown under the great seal to hear determine
appeals from the ecclesiastical courts. These
commissioners constituted the Court of Delegates,
or great court of appeal in ecclesiastical and Ad-
miralty causes.
Pe Act 1-2 Phil. & M.
é before any Ordinaries. . legates u
any Appeals. 159x Harincron Ord. Fur, xiv. Lxxiii, In
courts OL Delegates and of Requests. 1726 Ayuirre Parergon
191 The Court of Delegates... wherein all Causes
by way of Devolution from either of the Archbishops are
decided. 1768 Br Comm, I11, 66 The great court
ical vis, the of
1785 Burns Halloween xiv, For monie a ane has
fright, An’ liv’d an’ did deleerit, On sic a night,
Deicet, obs. form of DELETE.
Delegable (de‘l’gib’l), a. _[f. L. déléga-re to
DELEGATE + -BLE. apable of bei ted.
1660 R. chbtorcn | Ki i Suprem, vie hemi The
Legislative power is le, ; ;
t of appeal in all ecclesi : court f dele-
gates, judices delegati, appointed by the king’s commission
under his great anal, nad i g out of 'y, to repr
is roy!
al person.
b. In the University of Oxford: A member of a
t committee entrusted with some special
branch of University business; as, the Delegates of
DELEGATE.
Appeals in Congregation and in Convocation, of
the University Press, of University Police, etc.
1604 Sir T. Boptey in Relig. Bodd. (1703) 196 As the
Delegates have resolved, there shall be a Porter for the
Library. 1660 Woop Lif (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 316 In the
same convocation, the Delegates’ decree was confirmed by
the regents and non-regents, scil. that the overplus of the
money .. should be employed in printing Gregorius Abul-
haragus. 1668 Clarendon Press MSS., Ata Meeting of the
elegats for Printing. 1671 /did., Ata Meeting of y* Delegats
for the Physick Garden. 1700 /did., At a Meeting of y
Delegates for Acct of y* University of Oxford. 1723 /did.,
At a Meeting of the Heads of Houses in ye Delegates Room
of the Printing House. 1852 Rep. Ocford Univ. Commission
15 The Standing Delegacies or Committees, which are
appointed for the purpose of managing various branches of
niversity business.. There are Delegates of Accounts, of
Estates, of Privileges, of the Press, and of Appeals.
3. U.S. a. The representative of a Territory in
Congress, having a seat and the right of speech in
the House of Representatives, but no vote. Before
1789 it was the title of the representatives of the
various States in the Congress of the Confederation.
1825 T. ato ic Autobiog. Wks. 1859 I. 52, I was
#Picinted y the legislature a delegate to Couerene.
. House of Delegates: (a) the lower house of
the General Assembly in Virginia, West Virginia,
and Maryland; (4) the lower house of the General
Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church.
1843 Penny Cycl. XXVI. 368/2 The legislature consists of
a Senate and.a House of Delegates, which are together
called the General Assembly of Virginia. /é¢d., All laws
must originate in the House of Delegates.
Delegate (deligét), pp/. a. Also 6-7 Sc. de-
legat. [ad. L. délégat-us, pa. pple. of délégare to
DELEGATE.]
+1. As pa. pple, Delegated, deputed, commis-
sioned.
1530 Patscr. 510/2 The bysshop hath delegate the deane
in this mater. Compl. Scot. xiv, 115, I vald god that
fuluius flaccus var diligat iuge to puneis them. 1660 R. Coxe
Power & Subj. 54 Supreme power is delegate from God to
every Prince,
2. As adj, Delegated.
. 1613 Mittes Treas. Aunc. §& Mod. Times 713/2 The King
and the Queen with all their Servants and delegate
Apostles. @1667 Jer. Taytor (J.), Princes in judgement,
and their delegate judges. 1828 GunninG Cerem. Cambr,
420 ‘The Party Appellant. .doth desire the Judges Delegate
[Fudices Delegati) that they would decree [etc.].
Delegate (delige't), v. [f. ppl. stem of L.
délégare to send, dispatch, assign, commit, f. Dr-
I. 2b + dégare to send with a commission, depute,
commit, etc.]
1. ‘vans. To send or commission (a person) as a
deputy or representative, with power to transact
business for another; to depute or appoint to act.
1623 CockeraM, Delegate, to assigne, to send in commis-
sion. 1641 R. Brooke Lug. Episc. u. ii. 71 Will any man..
think it reasonable my Lord Keeper should, ad Alacitum,
delegate whom hee will to keep the Seale? 1646 H.
Lawrence Comm. Angells 20 Every one from his nativity
hath an Angell delegated for his keeper. 1876 Grant
Burgh Sch, Scott, 1. i. 19 Commissioners of the Abbot of
Dunfermline who had been delegated judge by the pope.
2. To entrust, commit or deliver (authority, a
function, etc.) to another as an agent or deputy.
1530 Patser. 510/2, I delegate myne auctorite, ze deleg‘ue,
1641 R. Brooke Lng. Efisc. u. ii. 72 Can any man think it
fit, to Delegate the Tuition or Education of a tender Prince,
. committed to his Coerges 1774 T. Jerrerson Axtobiog.
App. Wks. 1859 I. 138 Those bodies..to whom the not
have delegated the powers of legislation. 18 ELPS
Anim. § Mast. v. (1875) 117, I wish we could delegate to
women some of this work, 1883 A. L. Sarrn in Law
Reports 12 Q. Bench Diy. 95 The defendant delegated to
another to utter the slanderous words.
* +8. Ina looser sense: To assign, deliver. Obs.
1633 J. Done Hist. Septuagint 74 For this was Published. .
a Law, and the reason thereof delegated to the Judges...
that the Peasants should not sojourne [etc.]. 1774 J. Bryant
Mythol, 1. 310 A number of strange attributes, which by
some of ‘the poets were delegated to different personages.
4. Civil Law. To assign (one who is debtor to
oneself) to a creditor as debtor in one’s place.
1818 [see Detecant]. 1880 Muirueap Gaius m1. § 130
When, for example, I enter to your debit what is due me
by Titius, provided always he delegated you to me in
his stead. 1887 Jura Burge's Comm, Law of Holland 246
It is necessary that there should be the concurrence of the
person delegating, that is, the original debtor, and of the
person delegatedgor the person whom he appoints,
Delegated (de'ligeitéd), api. a. [f. prec. vb.]
1, Appointed to act as a deputy or representative
for another; deputed.
“oe Crasnaw Poems 164 The delegated eye of day.
E,. Darwin Bot, Gard.1. 109 The delegated throng res
179r
er the
wide plains delighted rush along. 1818 CoteBrookeE Od/ig. |
& Contracts 1. 214 If nothing were due by the delegant, the .
157
deputy. 1 Freeman Norn. Cong. (1876) I. iv. 247 An
English Ealdorman ruled only with a delegated authority.
Delegatee’. [f. Detzucate v. + -EE.] Civil
Law. The party to whom a debtor is delegated by
the delegant. «
1875 Poste Gadus (ed. 2) 670 When the Delegator is in-
debted to the Delegatee.
De'legateship.
position of a delegate.
1892 Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch 23 Mar., That federal
office holders in the South are put forward for delegateships.
Delegation (deligéi-fon). [ad. L. delegation-
emt, n. of action from déegare to DELEGATE. So
¥. délégation (13th c. in Hatzf.).]
1. The action of delegating or fact of being dele-
gated ; appointment or commission of a person as
a delegate or representative; the entrusting of
authority to a delegate.
1612 SELDEN Drayton's Poly-olb. xi, Notes 193 Government
upon delegation from the King. 1641 R. Brooke Eng. Episc.
u. ii. 72 To countenance such Delegation of an entrusted
Office, to Deputies. 1775 Jounson Zax. xo Tyr. 33 ‘The
business of the Publick must be done by delegation. 1867
Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) I. iii. 77 He is a sovereign,
inasmuch as he does not rule by delegation from any personal
superior. : i
b. The action of sending on a commission.
164 Smectymnuus Vind, Ausw. § 13. 130 If the greatest
part of Titus his travels had beene before his delegation to
Creet.
+e. The action of delivering or assigning a thing
to a person or to a purpose. Ods.
1681 EF. Scrater Serm. Putney 7 There are two parts of
Moses his power intimated fairly enough in the delegation
of these siluer trumpets. : :
2. A charge or commission given to a delegate.
61x Sreep fist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xil. § 66 Lewis .. re-called
his Vicar-ship or delegation, which hee had made to Edward.
1690 Locke Civ. Gov. 11. xix. (R.), When .. others usurp the
place, who have no such authority or delegation.
3. A delegated body ; a number of persons sent
or commissioned to act as representatives.
1818 Jas. Mitt Brit, Jndia LI. wv. vii. 261 The government
of India. . by a delegation of servants. 1841 Catiin WV, Amer.
Ind. (1844) I. i. 2 A delegation of some ten or fifteen noble and
dignified-looking Indians .. suddenly arrived.
b. U.S. The body of delegates appointed torepre-
sent a State or district in a representative assembly.
1828 WessteR s.v., ‘hus, the representatives of Massa-
chusetts in Congress are called the delegation, or whole dele-
gation, 1865 H. Puitiirs Amer. Paper Curr, 11. 43 The
Jersey delegation..presented to congress a number of the
counterfeits. ;
4. Crvil Law. The assignment of a debtor by his
creditor to a creditor of the delegant, to act as
debtor in his plaee and discharge his debt.
1721 Bawey, Delegation [in Civil Law] is when a Debtor
appoints one who is Debtor to him, to answer a Creditor, in
his Place, 1818 CoLesrooke Obdig. § Contracts 1. 208. 1860
J. Paterson Compend. Eng. & Sc. Law 314. 1880 MurrHEaD
Gaius Digest 552 A transaction .. called delegation of his
debtor by the creditor to the third party.
5. A letter or other instrument, unstamped and
not negotiable, used by bankers and merchants in
the place of a cheque, bill of exchange or other
instrument, for the transfer of a debt or credit.
1882 Birney Counting-ho. Dict. 92 Letters of Credit are
mostly simple Delegations. :
|| b. A share-certificate: used esf. in reference
to Suez Canal shares. [F. délégation.]
_ 1882 Daily Tel. x0 Oct. (Cassell), The English government
intended purchasing 200,000 Suez Canal delegations.
+ De'legative, z. Ods. [f. ppl. stem of L.
delégare to DELEGATE + -IVE.] Having the attri-
bute of delegating ; of delegated nature.
1641 R. Brooke Eng. Episc.1.i. 3 Hither also wee may
referre his pee lees or Legislative in Parliament ..
And.. his power Delegative. 1690 Locke Govt. 11. xi. § 141
It [the Power of making Laws] being but a delegative Power
from the People.
Delegator (delégeitez). [ad. L. délégator,
agent-n, f. délégdre to DELEGATE.] One who de-*
legates, a delegant. 4
1875 [see DELEGATEE]. :
Delegatory (deligitori), a. [ad. L. délégatori-
us, £. delegdtor: see prec. and -ory.] Of or re-
lating to delegation; of the nature of delegation
or delegated power ; + of a person, holding dele-
gated authority.
1599 Nasue Lenten Stuf in Harl. Misc. (1808-13) VI..170
(D.) Some politique delegatory Scipio .. whom they might
depose when they list. 16r5 Crooxe Body of Man 42 No
where doth he attribute any delegatory power of Sensation
vnto it. 1762 tr, Busching’s Syst. Geog. I11. 547 This juris-
diction was conferred on him by the see of Utrecht, which
the Emperor .. had invested with a delegatory authority.
1787 Ann Hitpircu Rosa de Mont. I. 62 The decrees of an
ble provid and its delegatory laws on earth.
[See -su1p.] The office or
delegated party need not — that engag' x
Tennyson Znid 1741 By having .. wrought too long wit!
delegated hands, Not used mine own,
2. Entrusted or committed (to a deputy).
1654 H. L’Esrrance Chas. J (1655) 150 Neither. .his Own,
nor his delegated Authority to his Council. 1735-8 Bouinc-
BROKE Ox Parties 209 The Peers have an inherent, the
Commons a delegated Right. 186r W. Bett Dict. Law
Scot., Delegated jurisdiction, as distinguished from
’ jurisdiction, is that which is communicated by a
Judge to another, who acts in his name, called a depute or
Delegue, yar. DELEAGUE v. Ods., to delegate.
Deleit, obs. Sc. form of DELETE.
|| Delenda (délenda), sd. f/. [L., pl. of dé
Zendum (a thing) to be blotted out, gerundive of
. delére to DutxrE.] Things to be deleted,
(In early quot. with additional plural -s.)
Mra. Worcester in Bibl. Regia (1659) 71, I beseech
= ajesty to consider the streiks that are drawn over the
vine writ as so many delendies [quoted in C. Cartwright
| jestie deletted that clause.
DELETERY.
Cert. Relig. 1. 6 (1651) as delenda’s] by such bold hands as
these.
~Delendung, var. of DeLuNDUNG.
+ Deleniate, v. Ods. rare. Also erron. deli-
neate. [irreg. f. L. délénire to soften or soothe
down.] ‘To soothe, mitigate.
1623 CockErAM, 11, To Pacifie, Deleniate. 1657 Tomuin-
son Kenou's Disp. 29 That is called Anodynum which de-
lineates and mitigates any paine.
+ Leleni-fical, a. Ods. rare-°. [f. L. déleni-
Jfic-us soothing, f. délénire to soothe down + </icts
making.] Soothing, pacifying.
1656 Blount Glossogr., Delentfical, that mitigates or makes
gentle. xrg7azin Baitey. 1755 in Jounson (‘having virtue
to assuage or ease pain’).
Delerious, erron. form of DELIRIOUS. .
Delessite (déle‘ssit). A/c. [Named 1850
after the French mineralogist Delesse: see -1TE.]
A dark-green mineral, allied to CHLORITE, but
containing much more iron,
1854 in Dana Ain, 296. 1879 Ruttey Stud. Rocks xii. 219
Augite, which is often altered into pseudomorphs of chlorite
or delessite.
Delete (d/lit), v. Also 5-6 delyte, 6-7 Sc.
deleit, dilate, 7 deleet(e, deleate, 7 Sc. fa. ¢.
and fa. pple. deletted, delait: see next. [f. L.
délet-, ppl. stem of délére to blot out, efface.]
+1. “rans. To destroy, annihilate, abolish, eradi-
cate, do away with. Ods.
(The first quot. is on various grounds uncertain.)
1495 Barth. De P. R.\W. de W.) 1. iii. 82 Drinesse dy-
stroyeth bodyes that haue soules, so he dyssoluyth and de-
lyteth the kynde naturall spyrytes that ben of mayst smoke.
1534 St. Papers Hen. V/11, I, 218 Stryke thaym.. till
they be consumed, and ther generation clene radycat and
delytit of this worlde. 1545 «lect 37 //en. VIII, c. 17 § 1
‘The Bishop of Rome .. minding .. to abolish, obscure and
delete such Power. 1565 Satix. Poems Reform. i. 344 Where
no redresse in tyme cold dilate The extreme wrong that Rigor
had tought. 1656 Prynne Demurrer to Fews 69 Confede-
rating ..to murder and delete them. 1657 ‘ToMLINSON
Renou’'s Disp. 215 It doth perfectly deleate the ulcers which
infest the throat. 1851 Sir F. Parcrave Norm, §& Eng. 1.
43 Though Carthage was deleted. —
2. To strike or blot out, obliterate, erase, expunge
(written or printed characters).
21605 Montcomerte Afisc. Poems 1.6 Sic tytillis in 30ur
sanges deleit. 1637-50 Row //ist. Air (1842) 522 His Ma-
a16s7 Barrour Aun, Scot.
(1824-5) II. 76 Her proces [was] ordained to be delait out of
the recordes. 1667 Cotiins in Rigaud Corn Scé. Alen (1841)
I. 127 Here the corrector took out more than I deleted. 1862
Beverince //ist, Juda IL. v1. iii. 641 The peerage would be
granted if the censure were deleted. 1875 F. Hatiin Vatiou
XXI. 360/2 Here, to make either sense or metre, the and
must be deleted. :
b. jig. To erase, expunge, ‘wipe out’.
16s0 Futter Pisgah ut. x. 340 Studiously deleting the
character of that Sacrament out of their bodies, 1785 Rrip
Int, Powers ut. vii, So imprinted as not to be deleted by
time. 1864 Morn. Star 12 Jan., Kagosima has been deleted
from the list of cities, and there is an end of it,
Hence Dele‘ting vé/. sb., deletion.
1711 Countrey-Man's Lett, to Curat 6 Vhey had the popish
missal and breviary with some few Deletings.
+ Dele‘te, fa. pple. Obs. Also 7 deleete, delate.
[ad. L. wélét-us blotted out, effaced, pa. pple. of
délére to DELETE.) Deleted, abolished, destroyed.
css HarpsFietp Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 87 His
brother’s memory was delete and abolished among the Jews.
1642 Declar. Lords & Com. to Gen, Ass. Ch. Scot. 13 An Ob-
ligation that cannot be delete. 1682 Lond. Gaz. No, 1682/1
His Arms to be. .delate out of the Books of Arms.
+ Deleterial, a. Ovs. [f. as next + -aL.] =
next,
1621 VENNER Via Recta, Treat. Tobacco (1650) 397 It hath
a deleteriall or venemous quality, 1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc.
Compit. xix. 7or In his Epistle concerning Paracelsus’s
Medicines and their deleterial vertues.
Deleterious (deléti-rias), a. [f. mod.L. dé-
léteri-us, a. Gr. SnAntypi-os noxious, hurtful, f. 6y-
Anrnp destroyer, f. dyAé-e8ar to hurt: sce -ous.]
Hurtful or injurious to life or health; noxious.
1643 Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. 1. § 10 They were not
deleterious to others onely, but to themselves also, 1646 -
Pseud. Ep. 1. vii. 119 Deleterious it may bee at some dis-
tance and destructive without a corporall contaction. 1762
Gotpsm. Cit. W. xci, In some places, those plants which
are entirely poisonous at home lose their deleterious quality
by being carried abroad. 1821 Byron ¥vax Vv. lii, Tis pity
wine should be so deleterious, For tea and coffee leave us
much more serious. 1869 Puitiirs Vesuv. viii. 213 This gas
was well known to be deleterious.
b. Mentally or morally injurious or harmful.
1823 Byron ¥vax xut. i, A jest at vice by virtue’s called a
crime, And critically held as deleterious. 1860 Emerson
Cond. Life, Power Wks. (Bohn) II. 335 Politics is a dele-
terious profession, like some poisonous handicrafts.
Hence Delete‘riously adv., Deleteriousness.
1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. 1V. 359/t The solution should
not be deleteriously affected. 1892 W. B. Scorr A xfobiog.
I. i. 15 David was .. deleteriously influenced by studying
these able but imperfect artists.
+ Dele (delétéri), @ Obs. Also erron,
-ory, -ary. [a. med.L. délétért-us (Du Cange), a.
Gr, dnAnrnpios DELETERIOUS. In F. délétere (mé-
dicament délétere, Joubert, 16thc.). In the17the,
often erroneously viewed as a derivative of L. délére, .
délétum, to blot out, efface,destroy, and consequently
DELETION.
both spelt -ovy, and used in the sense ‘effacing,
blotting out’: cf. DELETory.
By Butler stressed de‘letery; but generally perhaps dee
le-tery.
A. adj. Deleterious, noxious, poisonous.
1576 Newton Lemnie's Complex. E633) ror [Venemous
hearbes] which by reason of their deletory coldnesse bring
destruction unto Creatures, as Henbane, Mandrake, Na-
pellus, 1638 A, Reap Chirurg. xii. 89 The subjects wherein
this deletery propertie is lodged. 1657 Tomiinson Renon's
Disp. 10 A certain deletary and poysonous quality. 1663
Butter Hud. 1. u. 317 Though stor'd with Deletery Med’-
cines | Which whosoever took is Dead since). 1684 tr. Bonet's
Merc. Compit. v1. 196 A Patient .. died frantick, as if he had
taken a deletery Medicine. : -
B. 1. A deleterious or noxious drug ; a poison.
Also fig.
1638 A. Reap Chirurg. xii.88 You may aske by what meanes
these poisons and deleteries doe kill. 1649 Jer. TayLor Gt.
Exemp. (1703) 407 Health and pleasure, deletery and cor-
dial. — 1651-3 — Serm. for Year 1. xvii. 223 [To] destroy
Charity .. with the same general venom and deletery as
apostacy destroyes faith
2. A drug that destroys or counteracts the effect
of anything noxious, as a poison; an antidote.
b. fig. Anything that destroys, or counteracts the
poison of, sin or evil; an antidote Zo or for evil.
4] In this sense evidently associated with L. dédére, délétum,
and so used as=‘ destroyer, effacer, wiper out’ (of evil) : cf.
Detertory sé.
1642 Jer. Taytor Efpisc. (1647) 5 Episcopacy is the best
deletery in the world for Schisme. 1649 — Afol. Liturgy
Pref. § 34 Inserted as Antidotes, and deleteries to the worst
of Heresies. 1649 — Gt. Exemf, u. xii. xi. 1. §9 A proper
_ deletery of his disgrace, and purgative of the calumny. 1660
— Duct. Dubit.1. i. rule ii. § 23 Intended to be deleteries
of the sin and instruments of repentance. — /did.1. iii, My
thinking that mercury is not poison, nor hellebore purgative,
cannot make an antidote or deletery against them.
Deletion (d/lZfon). [ad. L. délétion-em, n. of
action from délére to blot out, efface.
1. The action of effacing or destroying ; destruc-
tion, annihilation, abolition, extinction. Now arch.
1606 Coke in 7rne & Perf. Rel. D iij b, Tending not onely
tothe hurt .. but euen the deletion of our whole name and
Nation. 1651-3 Jer. Taytor Serm. for Year 1. v.58 Unlesse
this proceed so far as to a total deletion of the sin. 1677
HAte Pomp. Atticus 36 The taking of Alexandria by Au-
gustus, which was the fatal and funeral deletion of Antony.
1845 Davison Disc. Prophecy v. (1861) 162 Rome remains,
though Carthage is gone: the similar fate of deletion has
notcome. 1881 STEVENSON Virg. Pucrisque, Ordered South
162 The more will he be tempted to regret the extinction
of his powers and the deletion of his personality.
2. The action of striking out, erasing or obliter-
ating written or printed matter; the fact of being
deleted ; a deleted passage, an erasure.
1590 Swinsurne Testaments 271 Although the deletion
were in the chiefe part of the testament. 1852 Sir W.
Hamitton Discuss. 38 note, Some deletions, found necessary
in consequence of the unexpected length to which the
Article extended .. have been restored. 1880 MuirHeap
Gaius 1. § 31 note, With a dot—equivalent to deletion—over
some if not all of the letters. 1884 Kay in Law Times Kep.
LI. 315/1 The deletion was initialed in the margin with the
initials of the persons who signed the agreement.
Deleti-tious, a. vare—°. [f. L. délétici-us,
-ilius characterized by blotting out or erasure +
-ous.] Characterized by erasure; said of paper
from which writing has been, or may be, erased.
1823 Crass, Deletitious (Ant.), an epithet for paper on
which one may write things and blot them out again; to
make room for new matter. Hence 1846 in WorcESTER }
and in later Dicts.
Deletive (d/litiv), a. rare. [f. L. délét-, ppl.
stem of dé/ére to efface +-1vE.] Having the pro-
perty of deleting, adapted for erasing.
1662 Evetyn Chalcogr. 9 Save where the obtuser end [of
the s/ilus] was made more deletive, apt to put out, and
obliterate.
+ Deletovrious, a. Obs. rare—°. =DELETORY.
1656 Biount Glossogr., Deletorious (deletorius), that blot-
teth or raceth out,
Deletory (d/Irtari), a. si. [f. L. délét- (see
above) +-oryY. ]
A. adj. That is used to delete or efface, effacing.
Also used in 17th c. in sense of Deverery a. : see that
word and cf. quot. 1679 here.
x61a ‘I’. James Corrupt. Script. u. 41 That also must be
thrust away with a deletorie sponge. 1679 PULLER A/oder.
Ch. Eng. (1843) 202 The Penances in the Church of Rome,
which .. are counted deletory of sin. -
B. sb. That which destroys or effaces.
(Cf. Deterery sé. 2b, with which this ran together.)
1647 Jer. Taytor Dissuas. Popery ii. (1686) 112 The
severity of Confession, which. .was most certainly intended
as a deletory of sin. 1649 — Gt. Exemp, vi. i. § 23 The
Spirit of Sanctification .. the deletory of Concupiscence.
3699 Misaunus" Honour of Gout (1720) 35 It is a perfect
Deletory of Folly.
Dele-wine: see Duat si.4
Deley, obs. form of Detay.
Delf! (delf). Now only doca/. Forms: 5-7
delfe, 6 delff, 7-9 delft, 5- delf, 6- delph ; Fa
4- delves, 6-7 delfes, 7— delfs, 8- delphs. [ME.
delf, late OE. dzif for delf, trench, ditch, quarry,
occurring in a 12th c. copy of a charter, inserted in
the Peter gh OE. Chron. (Land MS.) anno 963 ;
app. aphetic f. OE. gede/f digging, a digging, ditch,
158
trench, quarry, mine (stdngedelf, Madgedelf), f.
delfan to DELVE, di 4
1. That which is delved or dug: a. A hole or
cavity dug in the earth, e.g. for irrigation or drain-
age; a pit #a trench, ditch; sfec. applied to the
drainage canals in the fen districts of the eastern
counties.
c1420 Pallad. on Tush, w. 40 In forowe, in delf, in
pastyne, ArRNoLDE Chron. 168 Make a delf ther
aboute..til thou com to the gret rote. 1557 7oftel/’s Misc.
(Arb.) 179 Daungerous delph, depe dungeon of disdaine.
1633 P. f LETCHER Purple Isl. 11. xiii, a lesser delfs
[later ed. delfts] the f ins b ding. 166
Morcan SPA. Gentry u. vii. 78 Extracting him out of that
Delf or Pit which Reuben put him in. 1675 Evetyn Terra
(1776) 3 In marshes and fenny Delves. 1713 Lond. Gaz.
No. 5143/4, 44 Acres of Pasture Ground in the Delphs in. .
Haddenhans in the County of Cambridge. 1851 Frul. R.
Agric. Soc. X11. u. The fens are divided by embanked
upland rivulets or deine ", 1877 N.W. Linc. Gloss., Delf,
Delft, a drain that has been delved ..a pond, a clay-pit.
a railway cutting, or any other large hole that has been
delved out. ee
b. An excavation in or under the earth, where
stone, coal, or other mineral is dug; a quarry; a
mine. The ordinary name for a quarry in the
northern counties.
1388 Wycuir 2 Chron, xxxiv. 11 To bie stoonys hewid out
of the delues, ether guarreris. 14.. Vocab. Harl. MS.
1002 in Promp. Parv. 118 note 1, Aurifedella, a gold delfe.
1588-9 Act 31 Eliz. c. 7 § 4 Quarries or Delfes of Stone or
Slnte. 1598 Manwoop Lawes Forest xxiv. § 5 (1615) 242/1
Any Mine, Delph of Coale, Stone, Clay, Marle, Turfe, Iron,
or any other Mine. 1 Ray Dissol. World 78 In Coal
Delfs and other Mines. .the Miners are many times drowned
out. 1732 in L’fool Munic, Rec. (1886) II. 156 The quarr
or delf att Brownlow Hill sho’d be cut thorow., 1878 F. Rf
Wits Midl. Railw. 390 Limestone. .isdug froma quarry,
or ‘delph’, some 30 to 50 ft. beneath the surface. 1
Sheffield Gloss., Delf, a stone quarry, x891 Labour Com-
mission Gloss., Delphs, terms used to denote the working
places in Yorkshire ironstone quarries,
+c. A grave. Obs.
¢ 1425 WynToun Cron. vi. iv. 39 The Grafe, quhare pis dede
Pypyne lay, Dai rypyd..Dat Delf pai stoppyd hastyly And
away sped pame rycht spedyly. 1460 Jowneley Myst.
(Surtees) 230 He rasyd Lazare out of his delfe. a1548 7hrie
Priests Peblis 37 Geer) first freind, quhil he was laid
in delf, He lufit ay far better than himself. :
+2. A bed or stratum of any earth or mineral
that is or may be dug into.
1601 Hottanp Pliny 11. 409 Obserue the change of euery
coat..of the earth as they dig, to wit from the black delfe,
vntil they meet. .the veins aforesaid. /é/d. 11. 415 Under
the delfe of sand they met with salt. 1706 Puitiis (ed.
Kersey), Del/ of Coal, Coal lying in Veins under ground,
before it is digged up.
3. Sc. A sod or cut turf. ;
1812 Souter Agric. Surv. Banffs. AD, . 42 If a delph be
cast up in a field that hath lien for the space of five or
six years, wild oats will spring up of their own accord,
1825 80 Jamirson, De//, a sod. In this sense the term de//is
used, Lanarks. and Banffs. .
+b. Her. A square bearing supposed to represent
a square-cut sod of turf, used as an abatement. Oés.
c 1500 Sc. Poem Heraldry 165 in Q. Eliz. Acad. (1869) 100
3it in armes, and delphes espy. 1562 Leicu A rmorie
(1597) 73 He beareth Argent, a delff Geules. To him that
revoketh his own challeng, as commonly we cal it eating
his worde, this is giuen in token thereof. 1610 Guitiim
Heraldry 1. viii. (1660) 43 A Delfe for revocation of Chal-
lenge. 1688 R. Hotme Armoury ut. 343/2 Some term..
a Tile a Delfe because of its squareness, but ina Delfe there
is nothing of a thickness,
+4. An act of delving; a thrust of the spade.
1616 Surrt & Markn. Country Farme 501 You must cut
the vpper face and crust of the earth in Aprill, with a shallow
delfe. 1688 R. Home Armoury u. 115/1 Delfe, or Spade+
graft..a digging into the earth as deep as a spade can go at
once.
5. attrib. and Comb.
1792 Trans, Soc. Encourag. Arts X. 105 Making a delf-
ditch, twelve feet wide. 1885 Law Times Rep. LI. 589/1
Certain land called delph land, beyond which were sand-
hills, protecting the property from the sea.
< Delf, delft (delf, delft), Also delph. [a.
Du. Delf, now Delft, a town of Holland, named
from the de/f, delve ‘ditch’, by which name the
chief canal of the town is still known : see prec.
Since the paragogic ¢ was added to the name of
the town in mod. Du., it has been extended also to
the English word, probably with the notion that
delf was a corruption.]
1. A kind of glazed earthenware made at Delf or
Delft in Holland ; originally called Delf ware.
1714 /'r. Bk. of Rates 121 Certain Goods, called Delph-
Ware, and counterfeit China, coming olland and
other Parts. 1743. Lond. § Country Brew. u. Advt.,
Potters-Work or Delft-Ware. 1859 Smites Sel/-Help 40
Large quantities of the commoner sort of ware were im-
nt: -from Delft in Holland, whence it was usually known
y the name of Delft ware.
.
1723 Swirt Poems, Stella at Woodpark, A sw worthy
of Rerself Five nothings in five plates of delf. Dickens
Old C. Shop xv, A corner cupboard with their little stock of
II. 166
DELIBERATE.
1884 May Crommetin Brown-Eyes iv. 33 Rows of blue
china and coarser but valuable old delf pottery.
Delf, obs. form of DELVE v., to dig.
-fyn, var. of DePuy Oés.
-fully, obs. var. of DoLEFUL, -FULLY.
Delian (dilian),a. [f. L. Déli-us (Gr. AfAt-os)
of or ing to Delos, AjAos) + -an.] Of or
belonging to Delos, an island in the Grecian archi-
pelago, the reputed birthplace of Apollo and Ar-
temis (Diana). Delian problem, the problem of
finding the side of a cube having double the volume
of a given cube (i.e. of finding the cube root of 2) ;
so ca from the answer of the oracle of Delos,
that a om raging at Athens should cease when
Apollo’s altar, which was cubical, should be doubled.
Also + Deliacal a.
1623 Cockeram, Delian twins, the Sunne and Moone.
1727-51 Cuampers Cycé. s.v. Duplication, They applied
themselves .. to seek the Duplicature of the cube, which
henceforward was called the Delian Problem. Ibid., Deli-
acal Problem, a fi bl ng the i con-
cerning the duplication of the cube. 1879 Gro. Eutor Col.
img ea 679 "Tis our lot To pass more swiftly than the
chan .
+ Deli‘bate, v. Os. [f. ppl. stem of L. dé/i-
ba-re to take a little of, taste, f, De- I. 2 + Hibare
to take a little of, taste, etc.]
1. “rans. To take a little of, taste, sip; also fig.
1623 CockeraM, Delibate, to sippe, or the cup.
@ 1639 Marmion Axtig. 1. 1i, When he has travell’d, and
delibated the French and the Spanish.
2. To take away asa small part, to pluck, cull.
1655-60 Stantey Hist. Philos. 111. u. 104 ‘Vhe mind is
induced into the soul from without by divine participation,
delibated of the universall Divine mind.
Hence Delibated ff/. a. ;
1655 Futter Serm., Gift for God 13 A soule.. unac-
quainted with virgin, delibated, and clarified joy.
+ Deliba‘tion. Ods. [ad. L. délibation-em, n.
of action f. délibare : see prec.]
1. A ‘taste’ or slight knowledge of something.
@ 1638 Meve Disc. Acts xvii. 4 Wks. (1672) 1. 19 Nor can
it be understood without some delibation of Jewish Antiquity,
2. A portion taken away, culled, or extracted.
1678 Cupwortu /ntell. Syst. 216 Either .. the substance
of God Himself together with that of the Evil Demon, or else
certain delibations from both .. blended and copuadad to-
ether. 1794 G. Apams Nat. ) Exp. Philos, 11. xxi. 420
‘hey considered the principle of motion and vegetation as
delibations from the invisible fire of the universe.
+ Deli‘ber, v. Ods. Forms: 4-6 deliber, 5
delibere, 5-6 delyber, 6 delybre: see also Dr-
LIVER 7.2 [ME. a. F. délidérer (15th c. in Littré),
or ad. L. déliberare to weigh well, consider ma-
turely, take counsel, etc., f. Dg- I. 3 + Jibrare to
balance, weigh, f. /ibra a balance, pair of scales.
In 15-16th c. it varied with deliver: cf. thé ordi-
nary Romanic v from Latin 4. :
1. a. intr. To deliberate, take counsel, consider.
¢ 1374 Cnaucer 7roylus v. 169 He deliberyn for the
best. ¢ 1386 — Melib. 760 She .. delibered and took auys
in hir self. 1481 Caxton A/yrr.1. v.21 They deliberid emong
them and concluded. i
b. ¢rans. To deliberate upon, consider.
1545 Jove co Dan, viii. (R.), In delibering, in decerning
things delyb: :
2. ¢rans. To determine, resolve.
a. with simple obj. or infin,
1484 Caxton /olycron. Prohemye A iij, I haue oa
too wryte twoo bookes notable. — Faytes of A.1. vi.
13 It is not to be delibered ne lightly to be concluded.
¢ 1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camd.) 1. 204 But hee ..
deli to withstande the adventure, Stow Hen,
A
an. 1417 (R.) He delibered to goe vnto in his owne
aos pcos aye
b. ref. (with z#/-) ? ‘ - an
Sonnes . t
ye oo delibere Kf for to as any ook Het
1s.. /felyas in Prose Rom, (1858) 111. 25 On a day
he delibered him for to go to hunt.
ec. pass. To be determined or resolved.
1470-85 Matory Arthur v. ii, 1 am delybered and fully
concluded to @1529 Ske.ton Bk. Three Fooles 1. 203
oseph .. adoek Ioetboen .. the which were delybered of a
longe time to haue destroyed him.
Deliberalize: see Dr- Il. 1.
Deliberant (d/li‘bérint), rave. [a. F. déli-
bérant, or ad. L. déliberdnt-em, pr. pple. of F. dé-
libérer, L. déliberare to DELIBERATE.] One who
deliberates.
the De-
1673 O. Wacker Educ. 202 ea which M
ftw pareowee not to have. wor Boe op ject
er noion to two separate bodies of deliberants.
Deliberate (d/li-béret), a. [ad. L. déliberat-
* pa. pple. of déliberare 5 ot DELIBER,] 4
. Well weighed or considered ; thoug!
out ; formed, carried out, ete. Lem consi-
deration and full intention ; done of set purpose ;
studied ; not hasty or rash.
1548 Haut Chron. 182 After .. deliberate consultacion had
among the and commons. 1602 SHAKS,
Ham. w, iii. 9 This sodaine
1761 Hume Hist.
any deliberate
DELIBERATE.
plan in all these alterations, 1848 Ruskin Mod. Paint. I.
Ul, 1. ii. § 4. 13 The act is deliberate, and determined on be-
forehand, in direct defiance of reason, 1856 Froupe His¢.
Eng. (1858) I. viii. 244 An impatience of control, a deliberate
preference for disorder. f : 4
b. Of persons; Characterized by deliberation ;
considering carefully ; careful and slow in decid-
ing ; not hasty or rash.
1596 Suaxs. Merch. V, u. ix. 80 O these deliberate fooles
when they doe choose, They haue the wisdome by their wit
to loose. 1802 Mar. Epcewortn Moral 7. (1816) I. xix. 165
‘I will tell you, sir’, replied the deliberate, unfeeling magis-
trate; ‘you are suspected of having’, etc. 1874 GREEN
Short Hist. viii. § 1. 450 Striving to be deliberate in speech.
2. Leisurely, slow, not hurried; of movement or
moving agents.
az1600 Hooker (J.), It is for virtuous considerations, that
wisdom so far prevaileth with men as to make them desirous
of slow and deliberate death. 1608-11 Bp. HALu Med it. &
Vows 1. § 18 There are three messengers of death: Casualty,
Sickness, Age. . The two first are suddaine, the last leasurely
and deliberate. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 252 Eccho’s are some
more sudden. . Others are more deliberate, that is, giue more
Space betweene the Voice and the Eccho. 1790 J. Bruce
Source of Nile Il. m1. 232 Sertza Denghel .. drew up his
army in the same deliberate manner in which he had crossed
the Mareb. AZod. He is very deliberate in his movements.
Deliberate (d/li béreit), v. [f. L. deliberat-,
pple stem of déliberdre: see DELIBER and -ATE.
he pa. pple. was in early times de/éberat, -ate,
from L.: cf. prec.]
+1. trans. To weigh in the mind; to consider
carefully with a view to decision; to think over.
Obs. (Now usually fo deliberate upon: see 2.)
@ 1610 Heacey Theophrastus, Unseasonableness (1636) 49
An unseasonable fellow .. obtrudes his owne affaires to be
deliberated and debated. 61x TourneurR Ath. 7vag. ut. i.
WRs. 1878 I. 83 Leaue a little roome.. For understanding
to deliberate The cause or author of this accident. 1681
J. Satcavo Symébiosis 14 A thing not to be deliberated.
b. with 047. clause.
1 Even Decades 83 Deliberatinge therefore with my
selfe, from whense these mountaynes.. haue such great
holowe caues or dennes, x9 Pearson Creed (1839) 28 The
stone doth not deliberate whether it shall descend. 1759
Rosertson Hist, Scot?. 1. v. 371 She deliberated... how she
might overcome the regent’s scruples, 1829 W. Irvinc
Cong. Granada I. x. 81 A council of war .. where it was de-
liberated what was to be done with Alhama.
. 2. intr. To use consideration with a view to de-
cision ; to think carefully ; to pause or take time
for consideration. Const. + of (obs.), om, uporz, etc.
156 T. Norton Calvin's Inst, Table Scripture Quot., The
heart of man doth deliberate ofhis way. _ 1591 SHaks, 77wo
Gent. 1. iii. 73 Please you deliberate a day or two, 1624
Cart, Smitu Virginia i. 153 Two daies the King deliber-
ated vpon an answer. 1697 STILLINGFL. Sevw. II. xi. (R.),
If he had time to deliberate about it. 1713 App1son Cato
Iv. i, In spight of all the virtue we can boast The woman
that deliberates is lost. x Mrs. Rancurre /talian
i, Vivaldi shut himself up in his apartment to deliberate.
1894 Daily News 4 May 4/7 They [women] deliberate a
great deal, now-a-days; we draw no unfriendly conclusion.
b. Of a body of persons: To take counsel to-
gether, considering and examining the reasons for
and against a proposal or course of action.
1552, Hutoet, Deliberate or take aduice or counsayle, con-
sulto, 1665 Mantey Grotius’ Low C. Warres 191 When
therefore the Common-Council of any Town hath deliberated
at home, concerning matters there proposed. 1745 Col. Rec.
Pennsylu. V.11 To carry it home to their Council to de-
liberate upon. 7843 Prescott Mexico (1850) I. 145 The three
crowned heads of the empire .. deliberated with the other
members on the respective merits of the pieces. 1858 Froupe
Hist. Eng. VV. xviii. 28 The future relations of the two coun-
tries could now be deliberated on with a hope of settlement.
+3. To resolve, determine, conclude ; Zass. to be
resolved or determined. Ods. .
1gso Nicotts Thucyd. 187 (R.) They deliberated to con-
strayne theym to fighte by sea ymmediatly. 1582-8 Hisé.
Fames VI (1804) 260 He was deliberat to resigne his office.
a BP Wasuineton tr. Nicholay’s Voy. w. vi. 117, 1 am
pie aa eee soa ve TD auncient, famous, and
erne Geographers. 1633 J. Done Hist. Septuagint 12,
T have deliberated to frame unto you by Writing, a thing..
well deserving to be knowne.
Hence Deli‘berating v6/. sd. and f//. a.
1643 Mitton Divorce u1. ix, The all-wise purpose of a de-
liberating God. 1885 Atheneum 2 May 572/3 The deliberat-
ing expression of the student’s countenance.
Deli-berated, #//. a. [f. prec.+-ED1.] Care-
fully weighed in the mind: see the verb.
1597 J. Kinc_ Fonas (1618) 311 A wise & deliberated
speech. a 1644 Laup Serm, 226(T.) If you shall not be firm
to deliberated counsels. 1704 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. 11. 191
After Deliberated and mature Debate thereon.
Deliberately (dflivbéretli), adv. [f. Dent-
BERATE @. +-LY *.] In a deliberate manner.
1. With careful consideration; not hastily or
rashly ; of set purpose.
1532 More coufue Tindale Wks. 575/2 He ..dooeth de-
liberatelyé with long deuice and studye bestowed about it,
doe this - ape willingly. 165x Baxter /nf. Baft. 243, 1..
€
deliberately compared one with the other. 1748 HartLey
Observ. Man iu. ii. § 43. 188 To deceive the world know-
ingly and deliberately. 1892 Law Times’ Rep. LXVII.
232/t Omitted. .through inadvertence and not deliberately
on purpose,
2. Without haste, leisurely, slowly.
1711 STEELE Sfect. No. 147 P 2 Those that Read so fast..
may learn to k deliberately. 1774 Pennant Tour Scot?.
im 1772, 169 They swim very deliberately with their two
159
dorsal fins above water. 1871 B, Taytor Faus¢ (1873) II.
1v. i, 228, I tread deliberately this summit’s lonely edge.
Deli‘berateness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.] The
quality of being deliberate, or of showing careful
consideration ; absence of haste in decision.
1602 Carew Cornwall 100 Deliberatenes of vndertaking,
& sufficiency of effecting. 1649 Zikon Bas. (1824) 2t ‘The
order, gravity, and deliberatenesse befitting a Parliament.
1881 W.C. Russeut Ocean Free-Lance 11. 142 The. .chilling
deliberateness of Shelvocke’s manner and voice.
Deliberater, var. of DELIBERATOR,
Deliberation ! (d/libérzi-fan). Also 4-6 de-
lyberacioun, -acion, etc. [a. F. délibération, in
13th c. deliberacton, ad. L. déliberation-em, n. of
action from dé/iberdre to DELIBERATE. ]
1. The action of deliberating, or weighing a thing
in the mind; careful consideration with a view to
decision.
¢ 1374 Cuaucer Tvoylus 11. 470 For he, with grete delibera-
cion Had every thing .. Forcast, and put in execucion.
1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 133 A man ought to do
his Werkis by deliberacion ., and not sodaynly. 1548 Hatt
Chron. 194 b, Without any farther deliberacion, he deter-
mined with himselfe. 1618 Botton Florus ut. x. 198 Asking
time for deliberation. 165 Hoses Govt. §& Soc. xiii. § 16,
207 Deliberation is nothing else but a weighing, as it were
in scales, the conveniencies, and inconveniencies of the fact
we are attempting. 1751 Jounson Aamdbler No. 184 ? 4 ‘To
close tedious deliberations with hasty resolves. 1875 JoweTT
Plato (ed. 2) I. 386 Make up your mind then..for the time
of deliberation is over.
2. The consideration and discussion of the reasons
for and against a measure by a number of council-
lors (e. g. in a legislative assembly).
1489 Caxton Faytes of A. iv. x. 256 Grete bataylles are
entreprysed by delyberacyon of a grete counseyl. 1555
Even Decades 57 After deliberation they iudged that Nicuesa
could no more lacke [etc.]. 1688 in Somers 77acfs II. 290
‘Their Lordships assembled together .. and prepared, upon
the most mature Deliberation, such Matters as they judged
necessary. 1771 Funius Lett. xlviii. 252 The resolutions..
were made... after long deliberation upon a constitutional
question, 1855 Macautay Hist. Eng. ILI. xiii, 280 To
protect the deliberations of the Royalist Convention. 186x
Geo. Evior Si/as M. 9 On their return to the vestry there
was further deliberation, 1871 J. Lewes Digest of Census
204 The legislative body [of Guernsey], called the ‘States
of Deliberation’.
+b. A consultation, conference. Ods.
1632 Litucow 7rav. 1. 80 A long deliberation being
ended, they restored backe againe my Pilgrimes clothes, and
Letters. 1648 NETHERSOLE Prodlems 11. title, Advice..very
applyable to the present Deliberation.
+ 3. A resolution or determination. Ods.
1579 Fenton Guicciard. 1, (1599) 18 The timerous man car-
ried by despaire into deliberations headlong and hurtfull.
1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena ro If the doubt of |
shewing himselfe too credulous .. had not confirm’d him in
his former deliberation. 1653 Urquuart Radelais 1. xxix.
My deliberation is not to provoke, but to appease: not to
assault but to defend.
+b. The written record of a resolution (of a
deliberating body). Ods.
1715 Leont Padladio's Archit. (1742) I. 98 Places .. where
were reposited the deliberations and resolutions of the
Senate. ;
4. Asa quality: Deliberateness of action.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Jelib. » 376 Yow oghte purueyen and
apparaillen yow .. with greet diligence and greet delibera-
cioun, 1413 Lypc. Pylgr. Sowle 1, xxix. (1859) 62 Al that
they sayde or dyde shold be of suche delyberacion, that it
myght be taken for autoryte of lawe. 1526 Pilger. Perf.
(W. de W. 1531) 92 b, And this enuy is mortall synne,
whan it is with delyberacyon of reason and wyll. ” 154
R. Copcanp Guydon's Quest. 2 C iij b/2 Nowe we wyll dys-
pose vs with delyberacyon to speake of the curacyon of in-
ueterate vicers, 1628 EarLe Microcosim., Alderman (Arb.)
27 Hee is one that will not hastily runne into error, for
hee treds with great deliberation. 1732 Law Serious C.
xxiii. (ed. 2) 47 You must enter upon it with deliberation.
1794 S. Wituiams Hist. Vermont 166 The chiefs consulted
with great deliberation. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Wealth
Wks. (Bohn) II, 73 Every whim .. is put into stone and iron,
into silver and gold, with costly deliberation and detail,
b. Absence of hurry; slowness in action or moye-
ment ; leisureliness,
1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (1872) I. ix. 495 Psychical
changes which .. take place with some deliberation. 1860
TYNDALL Glace, 1. xvii. 119 We saw it [an ice-berg] roll over
with the utmost deliberation.
[ad. med.L.
+ Delibera‘tion 2, Obs. rare.
déliberation-em, n. of action from déliberare to DE-
LIVER.] Liberation, setting free.
1502 ARNOLDE Chron. 160 That we shulde treat with thy
holynesse for his delyberacion.
Deliberative (dili:bérétiv), a and sd. [ad.
L. déliberativ-us, f. ppl. stem of déliberare: see
-IvE. Cf. F, délibératyf, -ive (14th c. in Hatzf.).]
1. Pertaining to deliberation ; having the function
of deliberating. :
1553 T. Witson Khe? (1580) 29 An Oracion deliberative.
1586 A. Day Zug. Secretary 11. (1625) 88 In a deliberative
sort we propound divers things, and refute them all one after
another, 164 Sir E. Derine in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1692)
mt. I, 393 We neither had a Decisive Voice to determine with
them, nor a Deliberative Voice to Consult with them. 1678
Trans, Crt. Spain 143 All the Towns which have a delibera-
tive Vote in the State. 1x Burke /r, Rev. Wks. V.
377 Erecting itself into a deliberative body.
‘ompromise (1886) 105 The growth of self-government, or
government by deliberative bodies, representing opposed
principles and conflicting interests,
1874 Mortey ,
ae |
DELICACY,
2. Characterized by deliberation, or careful con-
sideration in order to decision,
1659 D. Pett /mpr. Sea 361 Aserious meditation, and de-
liberative ponderating upon the Power and terrible Majesty
of God. 1762 Kames £lem., Crit. I. ii. 100 The slower opera-
tions of deliberative reason. 1836 Random Recoll. Ho.
Lords xiv. 326 Vhings to which, in his cooler and more
deliberative moments, he would not on any account give
expression. ?
+b. Habitually deliberate; not hasty. Ods.
1734 Nortu Lives I. 431 He was naturally very quick
of apprehension but withal very deliberative, :
+ B. 56. A discussion of some question with a
view to settlement; a deliberative discourse;
a matter for deliberation. Ods.
1597 Bacon Coulers Good & Evill (Arb.) 138 In deliber-
atiues the point is what is good and what is euill. 1620 E,
Biount Hore Subsec. 77 A man so conceited of himselfe
can bee no companion in deliberatiues. 1650 R. Hottinc-
wort Ererc. Usurped Powers 52 A person .. should begin
this section of his with a generall deliberative.
Deli‘beratively, a/v. [f. prec.+-1y?.] In
a deliberative manner ; with deliberation, deliber-
ately (ods.) ; in the way of deliberation or discus-
sion, as a deliberative body.
1654 H. L’Estrance Chas, / (1655) 208 An omission stu-
diously and deliberatively resolved upon. 1757 Burke
Abridem, Eng. Hist. Wks. X. 347 Constituent parts of this
assembly .. whilst it acted deliberatively. 1864 CarLyLe
Fredk. Gt. 1V. 548 Consulted of and deliberatively touched
upon,
Deli‘berativeness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.]
The quality of being deliberative.
1653-4 WuHiTELOcKE ¥rul, Swed. Emb. (1772) 1. 376
Through the slowness, or rather deliberativeness, of the
old chancellor. 1880 Scribner's Mag. May 94 The prayerful
deliberativeness with which New England made war.
LTeliberator d/li-béré'ta1). [ad. L. deliberator,
agent-n, from déliberdre: see -oR.] One who de-
liberates ; one who takes part in a deliberation.
1782 V. Knox £ss. 133 (R.) The dull and unfeeling de-
liberators of questions on which a good heart and under-
standing can intuitively decide. 1813 Sir R. Witson Diary
II. 265 ‘They pretend that this multiplicity of supervisors
and conflicting deliberators is fatal to the common interest.
Delible (delib’l),a. Also 7-8 deleble, [ad.
I. delebil-7s that may be blotted out, f. deere (see
DELETE and -BLE): ef. zvde/7ble.] Capable of being
deleted or effaced (Zt. and /iy.).
1610 W. Fo.ktncHaM Art of Survey u. Vv. 55 Base lines
«for Boundaries or deleble Plant-lines. @ 1661 FULLER
Worthies 1, 215 An impression easily deleble. 1683 tr.
Erasmus’ Moriz Enc.g5 Distinguishing between a Delible
and an Indelible character. 1715 BentLey Seve. x. 357
‘The deleble stains of departed souls. 1793 SMEATON £ dystone
L. § 235 ‘lo render the marks not easily delible.
+ De'librate, v. Ods.rare—°. [f. L. délibrare to
take off the bark, f. DE- I. 6 + Ziler, Hbr-, bark.]
1623 CockERAM, Dedibrate, to pull off the rinde of a Tree.
Delicacy (de'likisi). Also 5 -asie, -asye,
5-6 -acie, [f. DELICATE @.: see -acy, and cf.
obstinacy, secrecy.] I. The quality of being DELI-
CATE (in various senses of the adj.). II. A thing
in which this quality is displayed or embodied.
I. +1. The quality of being addicted to pleasure
or sensuous delights; voluptuousness, luxurious-
ness, daintiness. Ods.
1680
C. Biount tr: Philostratus 229 (Trench) Cephisodorus, the
disciple of Isocrates, charged him with delicacy, intemper-
now more particularly of his first branch, gluttony.
ance, and gluttony. 174z MippLEToN Cicero II. xu. 503 In
his [Cicero's] cloaths and dress .. avoiding the extremes of
a rustic negligence and foppish delicacy.
. Luxury; pampering indulgence. Obs.
1393 Gower Conf. I. 14 Delicacie his swete top Hab fostred
so he it fordop Of abstinence al pat ber is. ¢ 1450 LONELICH
Grait xiii. 554 The Cristene men .. weren Alle ful Richely..
Ifed with alle delicasy. 1577 B. Goocr Heresbach's Husé.
1, (1586) 7 The common sort preferreth shamefull and beastly
delicasie, before honest and vertuous labour. 1629 MAxweELL
tr. Herodian (1635) 127 The glory of a Souldier consists in
labour, not in lazinesse or delicacie. 1665 G. Havers Sir 7.
Roe’s Voy. E. Ind. 477 A life that was full of pomp, and
pleasure, and delicacy, 1725 Pore Odyss. xx. 82 Venus in
tender delicacy rears With honey, milk, and wine, their
infant years. ‘
+b. Gratification, pleasure, delectation. Obs.
€1386 Cuaucer Monk's T. 401 He Rome brende for his
delicasie. 1667 Mitton P. LZ. v. 333 She turns, on hospitable
thoughts intent What choice to chuse for delicacie best.
+3. The quality of being delightful to the palate ;
delicateness or daintiness (of food). Ods.
1393 Gower Con/. II. 83 Berconius of cokerie First made
the delicacie. 1650 Jer. Tavtor Holy Living ii. §1 Be not
troublesome to thyself or others in the choice of thy meats
or the delicacy of thy sauces. =
+4. The quality of being delightful, esp. to the
intellectual senses; beauty, daintiness, pleasant-
ness. Obs.
1509 Hawes Past. Pleas, x1. xxii, O redolent well of famous
try .. Reflerynge out the dulcet delicacy Of iiii. ryvers
in mervaylous wyd 1589 G Menaphon (Arb.)
48 Feeding on the delicacie of their features, 1612 DrayToN
DELICACY...
Poly-olb, i. 5 Even in the agedst face, where beautie once
did dwell .. something wil re To showe some little
* tract of delicacie there, /d/d. vii, 106 The aire with such
delights and delicacie fils, As makes it loth to stirre, or
thence those smels to beare. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 7rav.
61 Some peculiar Houses .. may be competitors for delicacie
with most in Europe.
5. Exquisite fineness of texture, substance, finish,
etc.; graceful slightness, slenderness, or softness ;
soft or tender beauty. 3
1586 Sipney (J.), A man .. in whom strong making took
not away delicacy, nor beauty fierceness. 1615 CrooKke
Body of Man (1616) 730 Anaxagoras .. marking diligent]
.. the postures of the | thoes .. and the soft delicacy thereof.
1744 Harris Three Treat. ui. 11. (1765) 217 No Woman ever
equalled the Delicacy of the Medicean Venus. 1756 Burke
Subl. & B. iv. xvi, An air of robustness and strength is very
prejudicial to beauty. An appearance of delicacy and even
of fragility, is almost essential to it. 1874 Green Short
Hist. vii. § 3. 363 She [Elizabeth] would Lage f with her rings
that her courtiers might note the delicacy of her hands.
6. Tenderness or weakliness of constitution or
health ; want of strength or robustness ; suscepti-
bility to injury or disease.
1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 93 Cause to con-
jecture, that the delicacie of her sex kept disproportioned
companie with..her courage. 1711 Appison Sect. No. 3 P 3
Whether it was from the Delicacy of her Constitution, or
that she was troubled with the Vapours. 1759 DitwortH
Pope 136 From the delicacy of his body, his life had been a
continual scene of suffering to him. 1816 Keatince 7rav.
(1817) II. 181 The silk-cultivation has been on the decline in
this part of the world, from the extreme delicacy of the
insect. 1872 B. Crayton Dogs 20 The great drawback [to the
Italian Greyhound] is its delicacy; it requires the utmost care.
7. The quality or condition of requiring nice and
skilful handling.
1785 Burke Sp. Nabob Arcot Wks. 1842 I. 318 That our
concerns in India were matters of delicacy. 1796 Morse
Amer, Geog. 11. 679 The extreme difficulty and delicacy of
drawing the line of limitation [in a list of eminent men].
1857 WHeEweELL //ist. Induct. Sc. 1. Pref. 7, | was aware .. of
the difficulty and delicacy of the office which I had under-
taken. 1885 L'fool Daily Post 1 June 5/3 Absorbed in nego-
tiations of the utmost delicacy,
8. Exquisite fineness of feeling, observation, etc. ;
nicety of perception ; sensitiveness of appreciation.
1702 Rowe 7amert. Ded., Poetry. .will still be the Enter-
tainment of all wise Men, that have any Delicacy in their
Knowledge. a1704 T. Brown Sat, Antients Wks. 1730 I.
23 To make the delicacy of his sentiments perceived. 1855
Macautay //ist. Eng. 111. 60 His principles would be re-
laxed, and the delicacy of his sense of right and wrong
impaired. 1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygtene (ed. 3) 29
Warming the water is said to increase the delicacy of taste.
1884 Cuurcu Bacon ix. 216 Their truth and piercingness
and delicacy of observation.
b. ¢ransf, Of instruments, etc. ; Responsiveness
to the slightest influence or change ; sensitiveness.
1871 B. Stewart //eat § 29 Such an instrument willtherefore
indicate any difference of temperature with great delicacy.
9. Exquisite fineness or nicety of skill, expression,
touch, ete.
1678 tr. Machiavelli's Prince (Rtldg. 1883) 198 This double
intelligence was managed with. .slyness and delicacy. 1683
D. A. Art Converse 103 With modest Apologies and deli-
cacy of expression, a1700 Drypen (J.), Van Dyck has even
excelled him in the delicacy of his colouring. 1759 Roperrt-
son //ist, Scott. 1. 1. 69 Henry VIII of England held the
balance with less delicacy, but with a stronger hand. 1848
Macautay //7st. Eng. 1. 66 Scotsmen .. wrote Latin verse
with more than the delicacy of Vida. 1885 Truth 28 May
848/2 The spray is rendered with muc
delicacy. F ‘
10. A refined sense of what is becoming, modest
or proper ; sensitiveness to the feelings of modesty,
shame, etc.; delicate regard for the feelings of
others.
1712 STEELE Sect. No. 286 P 1 A false Delicacy is Affec-
tation, not Politeness. 1732 Macet in Swift's Lett. (1766)
II, 269, I am sure you will dg it with all the delicacy
natural to your own disposition, 1749 Fiepinc Tom Jones
xvi, xiii, This .. somewhat vasouciles the delicacy of Sophia
to the public entertainment, which.. she was obliged to
go to, 1832 Lytron Eugene A.1. x, It would be a false
delicacy in me to deny that I have observed it, 1843 Miss
Mirtrorp in L’Estrange ///e III. x. 171 Nothing can ex-
ceed their cordiality and delicacy, so that their benefactions
lightness and
160
Drayton Legends iii. 118 Me with Ambrosiall Delicacies
fed. pa Poe ape Rambler No. 172 ® 10 Untasted deli-
cacies solicit his appetite. 1879 Farrar St. Paul (1883) 1
pig .. was .. the chief delicacy at Gentile b
G. Aten Philistia 111. 156 Oysters, sweetbreads,
mullet, any little delicacy of that sort.
+c. A luxury; a sensual pleasure. Ods.
1581 Petrie Guaszo's Civ. Conv. 1. (1586) 19 These lurke
loyteringlie plunged in delicacies..as Swine in the mire,
DELICATE.
igaginh Causocen Slovch, Tden:T dal Sake one ae eile
BAe oo a shal haue
myn heuene in erthe heere.
Diues for hus delicat lyf to pe wente. ct 34-5
Hen, VIII, c. 4 Sundrie persons .. consume substance
i credite .. for their o delicate
1605 Verstecan Dec. Jntell. vi. (1628) 165 A people very
strong and hardy, and the rather for not beeing weakned
with delicacies, . i
13. A delicate trait, observance, or attention.
1712 STEELE Sfect. No. aor ?2 The Decencies, Honours
and Delicacies that attend the Passion towards them[women]
in elegant Minds. 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 98 P 5
Those little civilities and ceremonious delicacies. 1779
J. Moore View Soc. Fr, 11. xciv. 418 A woman, and ac-
quainted with all the weakness and delicacies of the sex.
14. A nicety, a refinement.
1789 Stokes Let. in Pettigrew Mem. Lettsom (1817) II.
402 In these delicacies we wish to be confirmed or corrected
by those who are real s in the professi 1876
Freeman Norm, Cong. V. xxiv. 524 To disregard the gram-
matical delicacies of the written language.
Delicate (delikt), a. and sb. Forms: 4-6
delicat, 5 -caat, 5-6 de-, dylycate, 6 Sv. diligat,
4- delicate. [ad. L. dé/icat-us, -a, -um alluring,
charming, voluptuous, soft, tender, dainty, effemi-
nate, etc. ; reinforced by later F. dé/icat (15th c. in
Hatzfeld), ‘daintie, pleasing, prettie, delicious,
tender, nice, effeminate, of a weake complexion’
(Cotgr.); inmod.F. ‘of exquisite fineness’ (Hatzf.):
cf. Pr. and Cat. delicat, Sp. delicado, It. delicato.
The native repr. of L. dé/icatus in OF. was delié
‘fine, slender, delicate’: see DELIE.
(The etymology of L. dé/icd¢us appears to be quite un-
certain: several distinct suggestions are current. Even the
primary sense is doubtful; but, if not originally connected
with délicig (DELIce), it seems to have been subsequently
assdciated therewith. The word had undergone consider-
able development of meaning already in ancient Latin; in
Romanic it received further extension in the line of meaning
‘dainty, tenderly fine, slender, slight, easily affected or
hurt’; these Latin and Romanic senses have at various
times been adopted in English, often as literal adaptations
of the Latin word in the Vulgate, etc.; and the history of
the word here is involved and difficult to trace. The follow-
ing arrangement is more or less provisional.)]
I. Senses more or less = various uses of DaINtTy a,
1. Delightful, charming, pleasant, nice. ‘+a,
gen. Obs.
1382 Wycuir /sa. lviii. 13 If thou. .clepist a delicat sabot
{1388 clepist the sabat delicat, Vulg. wocaveris sabbatum
delicatum, 1611 call the sabbath a delight]. ¢ 1400 MAUNDEV,.
(1839) v. 39 Anoynted with delicat thinges of swete smelle.
1513 Brapsuaw St. Werburge 1. 2560 The Worde of god
was moost delycate seruyse. 1553 Even 7 reat. Newe nd,
(Arb.) 15 Delicate thinges. .that may encrease the pleasures
of this lyfe. 1665 Sim T. Hersert Trav. (1677) 175
A spacious Garden, which was curious tothe eye and delicate
to the smell. 1683 THorrssy Diary 4 Apr., To Biggles-
worth where is nothing haps pet a delicate new Inn.
1 Dameter Voy, 1. xvi. 458 Which our Carpenters after-
ae altered, and made a delicate Boat fit for any
service. 1712 tr. Pomet's Hist, Drugs 1, 152 A ravishing
Smell..as strong as that of the Quince, but much more
delicate. 1791 Cowrer Retired Cat 60 Cried Puss ‘..Oh
what a delicate retreat! I will resign myself to rest’,
b. Of food, ete. : Pleasing to the palate, dainty,
€ 1380 Wyciir JVs. (1880) 13 Delicat metis and drynkis.
1514 Barctay Cyt. § Uplondyshm, (Percy Soc.) p. xlvi,
‘Then cometh dishes moste swete & delicate. 1535 CoverDALE
Ecclus, xxix. 22 Better is it to haue a poore ynge ina
mans owne house, then delicate fayre amonge the straunge.
1624 Be, Hart Lem, Wks. (1660) 18 Let the drink be never
so delicate and well-spiced. 17005. L. tr. /ryke's Voy. E. 1nd.
21 A very good Dinner of Meat .. and Cheese, and delicate
Beer. 1760-72 tr. Yuan § Ulloa's Voy. (ed. 3) 1. 79 Some of
them [dishes] are so delicate, that foreigners are no less
pleased with them, than the gentlemen of the country.
1845 M. Pattison “ss, (1889) I. 22 Not to take delight in
delicate meats. 1853 J. H. Newman //ist, Sh. (1876) IL.
1. i. 40 Horseflesh was the most delicate of all the Tartar
viands in the times we are now considering.
+e. Said of the air, climate, or natural features,
are given as a compliment.
+11. Fastidiousness; squeamishness. Ods.
1 Pore Odyss. x1x. 397 The delicacy of your court!
train To wash a wretched wand'rer wou'd disdain, past
Mrs. Grirritn tr, Viaud's Shipwreck 104 It was almost
come to a state of putrefaction, but hunger no delicacy ;
so having broiled it [etc.]. 1793 Beppors Math. Evid. 118
The common old thin 4to. is not adapted to modern deli-
cacy in books, : haa
I, 12. A thing which gives delight ; something
delightful. arch.
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 24 [To] beleeve that
.. Our very senses are partakers of every delicacie in them
contained. 1594 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1. 197 These
delicacies and spirituall delights, 1609 Bint (Douay) /sa.
li. 3 He wil make her desert as delicacies [Wyctir delices].
a 1 TayLor Holy Living(1727) 242 God .. encourages
our duty with .. ible pl and delicacies in prayer.
1667 Mitton P. L. vit. 526 These delicacies of Taste, Sight,
Smell, Herbs, Fruits, & Flours, Walks, and the melodie of
Birds. 1882 Srevenson New Avad. Nts, (1884) 22 The
President's compan is a delicacy in itself.
b. esp. Something that gratifies the palate, a
choice or dainty item of food ; a dainty.
¢ 1450 Loneticn Grail ly. 270 The — .. weren Repleyn-
delecasyes. 1596
+. with alle Maner Metes
is d to be a verye delicate water. . Day Eng.
Secretary 1. (1625) 26 A soile delicate .. for the aire, and
leasant for the situation. 1605 Suaxs., AZacé, 1. vi. 10
here they much breed, and haunt: I have obseru’d The
ayre is delicate, 1622 Dravton Poly-olb, xxi, (1748) 339
Apurer stream, a delicater brook, Bright Phebus in his course
_ 1853 Brenve Q. Curtius Liv, The agi A is which
doth scarcely overlook. 1 AMPIER Vay, (1729) I. 485
Talnee veal fen wear (Chorah o dclieuts raelet Meat
1700 Concreve in Lett. Lit, Men (
Camden’ 298 We had
a lon but delicate weather. uGENT Gr.
Tour p 141 There is a small arm of the sea, and another
delicate country joining to it. 1789 G. Wurre Sedéorne xxiii,
(1853) 94 The sun broke out into a warm delicate day,
+d, Delightful from its beauty; dainty to be-
hold; lovely, graceful, elegant. Ods.
1583 Semrite Leg. BP. St. Andrews 1023 Ane diligat
[v. ~. deligat] gowne..he send him. 1604 Suaxs. OFA.
i. iii, 20 She’s a most exquisite Lady .. Indeed she’s a
most fresh and delicate creature. 1632 Lrrucow 7rav. vi.
appell under the ground. x Everyn Mem. (1857) 1.
28 Waetinen isa vety Galette town, and hath one f the
fairest churches of the Gothic design I had ever seen,
1759 B. Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. 1. 367 Oxford .. is a most
delicate and beautiful City.
+2. Characterized by pleasure or sensuous de-
light; luxurious, voluptuous, effeminate. Ods.
a
s, All prompting mee how faire Hero
is. 1737 Wuiston Fosephus’ “Antiq. xvil. xii. § 7 Selene of
body. .derived from his deli and education.
+b. Of persons: Given to pleasure or luxury ;
luxurious; sumptuous. Ods,
1386 Cuaucer Monk's T. 393 Moore delicaat, moore
aga of array, Moore was neuere Em; than
e. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 34 He was eke so Of his
clothing, that every day Of purpure and bisse he made him
gay. ¢ #i . Parv. 117 Del or lycorowse,
Selicatus te Pitre c Mirour Saluacioun 1538 Now
glutterie is y* vice y* the feend first temptis man inne, ffor
rathere a man delicat than abstynent in synne. 1535
CoverDALe Amos vi. (headii He reproueth the welthy,
ydyll and delicate people. 3 R. C. Table Alph. (ed. 3),
Delicate, daintie, giuen to pleasure. 1640 Hapincton //ist.
Edw, IV 196 (Trench) The most delicate voluptuous
princes have ever been the heaviest oppressors of the people.
+3. Self-indulgent, loving ease, indolent. Ods.
¢ 1374 Cuaucer Loeth. tv. vii. 149 O 3¢ slowe and delicat
men, whi fley 3e aduersites and ne fy3ten nat a3eins hem by
vertue. 1413 Lyne. Pilgr. Sowle m. ix. (1483) 56 Suche folke
haue ben soo delycate and lothe to good werkes. 1533
More Dedell, Salem Pref. Wks. 931/1 Many men are now
~ so delicate in reading, and so lothe to laboure.
‘omson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 102/2 They which will be
delicate, & persuade themselues y* they shal not suffer much
trouble in doing their dutie faithfully. 1601 CornwALLyes
Ess. xii, He made choyse rather of a slow delicate people,
then of spirits of more excellency.
+4. Tenderly or softly reared, not robust;
dainty; effeminate. Ods. or arch.
_ Wycur Deut. xxviii. 56 A tendre womman and a
delicate, the which the erthe my3te not go, ne fitch
a da
1579
the stap of the foot, for softnes and moost tendrenes. 1526
Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) b, The delycate persone
Aurelio & /sab,
that can suffre no payne in ys
(1608) E viij, And well that [=d7en gue] the grete colde -
trethe youre delicat fleshes. [Of women). 1602 Suaxs. Ham,
1v, iv. 48 Witness this army..Led by a delicate and tender
prince. 161z Binte Yer. vi. 2, I haue likened the daughter
of Zion to a comely and delicate [Coverp. fayre and tendre}
woman. 1688 S. Penton Guardian's Instr. 56 This was
the unhappi of a deli Youth, whose great misfor-
tune it was to be worth Two Thousand a Year before he
was One and Twenty, ; .
+5. Fastidious, particular, nice, dainty. Ods,
1568 Grarton Chron. II. 88 He was more delicate and
deyntie than became a person being so homel
1649 Br. Reynoips Serm. Hosea Epist. 1, 1
pl ss, as might cc d the matter delivered rather to
the Conscience of a Penitent, then to the fancy of a delicate
hearer. 1673 Rules of Civility 109 people being so
delicate, they will not eat after a man has eat with his
Spoon and not. wi it. 1712 SteeLe Sfect. No. 493 P
You, who are delicate in the choice of your friends ne
domestics. 1 ounson Lett. Mrs. Thrale 21 , The
only things of which we, or travellers yet more delicate,
could find any —— tocomplain. 1796 Morse Amer.
Geog. 11. 561 ‘They are delicate in no part of their dress
but in their hair. F
II. Fine: not coarse, not robust, not rough,
not gross.
6. Exquisitely or beautifully fine in texture, make,
or finish ; onset aay slender, or slight.
1577 B. Goocr Heresbach's Hus. ut, (1586) 140 Cham
Feeldes and Downes, are for the delicatest and
with such
woolled S! . 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's A/rica us. 237 Their
women are white, having blacke haires and a most delicate
skin, 1634 Sir T. Hersert 7yav. 190 The +. Weare
little clothing, save what is thin and delicate. — 1756 Burke
vine,
Sudl. & Bw. xvi, It is the delicate myrtle .. it
hic! . beauti 1800 tr
cate needles. . Neat Bro. han (11.175 The
delicate ph hed saps Lowett Study
bosom
Wind, (1 38 Delicatest sea-ferns.
b, Fine or exquisite in quality or nature.
@1533 Lo, Berners Gold. Bk. M, Aurel. (1546) M vij b,
Such as are of a delicate bloudde, haue not soo much sol-
licitude as the rustical 1610 Suaks. Temp. 1. ii. 272
Thou wast a Spirit too To act her earthy, and
abhord commands, _@ 1631 Donne: Paradoxes (1652) 47 Nor
is it because the delicatest blood hath the best spirits. 1794
S. Wittiams Vermont 119 Like most of our delicate pleasures
it is not to be enj ut in the cultivated state, 1858
Hawrtnorne Fr. & /t. Yrnis. (1872) 1. 9 All the dishes were
very 1863 Gro. Exvtor Romola u. vi, The meats
were likely to be delicate, the wines choice. 1886 Ruskin
Preterita I. vi. 186 My father liked delicate cookery, just
because he was one of the smallest and rarest eaters.
¢. Fine in workmanship; finely or exquisitely
constructed.
1756 J. Warton Ess. Pope (1782) I. vi. 301 My chief reason
for quoting these delicate lines. 1870 Emerson Soc, 4 Sodit.
Clubs Wks. (Bohn) III. 9t We are delicate i and
require nice treatment to get from us the im of
power and pleasure. s
d. Of colour: Of a shade which is not strong or
glaring ; soft, tender, or subdued.
1822 , es Poems, Lillian 1, 12 And wings of a warm and
delicate hue, Like rail oe of a deep carnation. 1860
Tynvatt Glac, 1. xi. 83 hole .. fin] the snow was filled
witha
7. So fine or as to be little noticeable or
difficult to appreciate ; subtle in its fineness.
DELICATE.
Drvyven St. Evremont's Ess. 120 He leaves to be
discerned a delicate inclination for the Conspirators.
Dryven Fadles Pref. (Globe) 498 The French have a high
value for them [turns of words] .. they are often what they
call delicate, when they are introduc’d with judgment. 1848
Macautay Hist. Eng. Il. 71 Catharine often told the king
plainly what the Protestant lords of the council only dared
to hint in the most delicate phrases. 1855 Bain Senses
§ Int. u. i. § 23 Discrimination of the most delicate differ-
ences is an indispensable qualification.
8. So fine or tender as to be easily damaged ;
tender, fragile ; easily injured or spoiled.
7 Titney Disc. Mariage E ij b, A good name.. is so
delicate a thing ina woman, that she must not onely be
good, but likewise must apeere so. 1604 SHAKs. O¢/. 1. ii.
Thou hast .. Abus’d her delicate Youth, with Drugs or
Minerals. 1664 Evetyn Kad. Hort. (1729) 192 The Nectarine
and like delicate mural-Fruit. 1834 Mrepwin Angler in
Wadles 1. 75 But they [trout] are so delicate that they will
not keep, and must be eaten the day they are killed. 1893
H. Dauziet Dis. Dags (ed. 3) 104 It [cropping] is cruel .. in
exposing one of the most delicate organs to the effects of
cela, wet, sand, and dirt. ; .
b. Tender or feeble in constitution; very sus-
ceptible to injury; liable to sickness or disease ;
weakly, not strong or robust.
c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 291 If he be a delicat man or a
feble drie hem with fumygaciouns maad of pulpa coloquin-
tada. 1574 HeELLowrs Gueuara’s Kam. Ep. (1577) 184 The
old man is delicate and of small strength. 1665 Sir T.
Hersert hig ey A 164 The excess [in bathing] doubtless
weakens the gee A making it soft and delicate, and sub-
ject tocolds. 1789 W. Bucuan Dom. Med. (1790) 93 Robust
persons are able to endure either cold or heat better than
the delicate. 1855 Macautay Ast. Eng. IV. 532 The
Pringess..was then in very delicate health. 1893 H. Dat-
ziEL Dis. Dogs (ed. 3) 73 Dogs of a delicate constitution and
unused to rough it, 3
9. fig. Presenting points which require nice and
skilful handling; critical; ticklish.
1742 Hume Ess, Parties Gt. Brit. init., The just balance be-
tween the republican and monarchical part of our constitu-
tion is really, in itself, so extremely delicate and uncertain,
that [etc.], 1777 Burke Let. Sheriffs Bristol Wks. 1842 1.
215 These delicate points ought to be wholly left to the
crown, 1 Forrest Voy. N. Guinea 215, I informed him
it was a delicate affair, advising him to say nothing about
it. 1803 WELLINGTON in Gurw. Desf. II. 8, I saw clearly
that Amrut Rao’s situation was delicate. 1860 Moriry
Netherl. (1868) I. vii. 443 His mission was a delicate one.
III. Endowed with fineness of appreciation or
execution.
10. Exquisitely fine in power of perception, feel-
ing, sppecetion, etc. ; finely sensitive.
ay. D. Berners Gold. Bk. Me Aurel. (1546) E iij, He
was but of tender age, and not of great delycate vnderstand-
ynge, 1581 Petrie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. 11. (1586) 94 b, To
their delicate eares to heare what men saie, they Tlacke [etc.].
‘¢1680 Bevertnce Serm. (1729) I. 338 Then our minds ..
would be always kept in so fine, so delicate a temper. 1711
STEELE Sect. No, 2 2 A very delicate Observer of what
occurs to him in the present World, 1856 Ruskin JZod.
Paint. IV. v. v.§ 5 A delicate ear rejoices in the slighter and
more modulated passages of sound. 1875 Manninc A/ission
H. Ghost i. 26 Let us learn then to have a delicate conscience.
b. Of instruments: So finely made or adjusted
as to be responsive to very slight influences; finely
sensitive.
1822 Imison Sc. § Art I. 34 Very delicate balances are not
only useful in nice experiments [etc.]. 1849 Mrs. Somer-
VILLE Connect, Phys. Sc. xxxvi. 386 A structure so delicate
that it would have made the hundredth part of a degree
evident. 187r B. Srewart //eat § 193 Our instruments are
doubtless very delicate, but .. the most refined apparatus
is far less sensitive for dark heat than the eye is for light.
11. Endowed with exquisitely fine powers of ex-
pression or execution ; finely skilful.
1589 Putrennam Eng. Poesie i. viii. (Arb.) 33 Horace the
most delicate of all the Romain Lyrickes. 1604 Suaks. O¢h.
Iv. i. 199, I do but say what she is: so delicate with her
needle : an admirable Musitian. 1611 TourNeur A th, Trag.
u, i. Wks. 1878 I. 42 O thou’rt a most delicate, sweete,
eloquent villaine, 1780 Cowrer Tad/e T. 653 Pope .. (So
nice his ear, so delicate his touch) Made poetry a mere me-
chanic art. 1884 Public Opinion 11 July 52/1 The artist is at
his best, at his elicatest and subtlest, in his water-colours.
+b. Characterized by skilful action; finely in-
genious. Obs,
1577 B. Gooce Heresbach’s Husb. 1. (1586) 76 An other
more delicater way he speaketh of, which is .. laying the
braunches in baskettes of earth .. obtaining Rootes hetwixte
the very fruite and the toppes. 1605 Suaxks. Lear iv. vi.
188 It were a delicate ——. to shoo A aavere of Horse
with Felt, 1673 R. Heap Canting Acad. 11 The Budge it
is a delicate trade.
12. Finely sensitive to what is becoming, proper,
or modest, or to the feelings of others.
1634 Sir ‘I, Hersert 7vav, 103 Her .. admirable beautie,
a delicate spirit, sweet behaviour and charitable acts surpass-
ing child-hood, 172 Tickett Life of Addison in Whs., Mr.
Addison. .was..too delicate to take any part of that [praise]
which belonged to others, 1768 SteRNE Sent. Yourn. (1778)
IL. 201 (Case of Delicacy) We were both too delicate to com-
municate what we felt to each other upon the occasion. 1836
J. Gitpert Chr, A tonem. ix. (1852) 260 Aj ces of a
just ground for the imputation are so unambiguous that it
were treason to truth to be delicate.
b. Of actions, etc.: Showing or characterized
by feelings of delicacy or modesty.
1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. Jndia II. ww. vii. 242 All parties re-
commended .a delicate and liberal treatment. 1832 Hr.
Martineau Ela of Gar. viii. 102 It would not have been
delicate, I warrant, Mr. Angus, 1887 F. M. Crawrorp
P. Patoff 11. 83 It was evident from her few words and from
Vo, III,
161
the blush which accompanied them that this was a delicate
subject.
V. Comb., as delicate-footed, -handed, -looking
adjs.
1855 Tennyson Mazd 1. viii. 11 The snowy banded, dilet-
tante Delicate-handed priest. 1870 Bryant //ad I. 1x. 293
A delicate-footed dame.
B. sb.
+1. a. One addicted to a life of luxury. b. One
who is dainty or fastidious in his tastes. Ods.
1382 Wyctir /sa. xlvii. 8 Now here thou these thingus,
thou delicat, and dwellende trosteli. 1382 — Baruch iv. 26
My delicatis [Vulg. delicati mei] or nurshid in delicis,
walkiden sharp weies. 1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 361
(R.) If Lucullus were not a waster and a delicate given to
belly-cheare. 1709 Appison 7atler No. 148 ? 4 The Rules
among these falee Delicates are to be as Contradictory as
they can be to Nature.
2. A thing that gives pleasure (usually in f/.):
+a. gen. A luxury, delight. Ods.
¢1450 tr. De /iitatione 1, xxiv, Than shal pe flesshe pat
hap ben in affliccion, ioy much more ban he pat hab be
norisshed in delicats. 1489 Caxton /aytes of A, U1. xix.
211 For to knowe and acquyre connyng scolers haue lefte
and layde asyde ryhesses, delicates and al eases of body.
1539 Cranmer in Strype L/fé 11. (1694) 247 Such as. .repute
for their chief delicates the disputation of high questions.
1593 SHaks. 3 //ex. VJ, uv. 51. 1598 Barckiey Felic. Many.
(1603) 345 ‘The pompe and delicates used by the great estates
of other ages. 1637 Rutnerrorp Le?t, (1862) I. 247 There
is no reason that His comforts be too cheap, seeing they are
delicates. 1742 Younc Nt. 7’. viii. 819 Her nectareous cup,
Mixt up of delicates for ev'ry sense.
b. A choice viand; a dainty, delicacy.
1480 Merlin 6 Yef we hadde but a mossell brede, we
haue more ioye and delyte than ye haue with alle the
delicatys of the worlde. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531)
70b, To be admytted to the kynges owne table, and to taste
of his deyntyue delycates. 1650 W. BrovGcu Sacr. Princ.
(1659) 226 Hunger cooks all meats to delicates. 1676 SHap-
WELL Virtuoso 11, Cheshire-cheese..seems to be a great
delicate to the palate of this animal. 1710 STEELE 7atler
No. 251 P 4 Reflections..which add Delicates to the Feast
of a good Conscience. 31820 Keats Eve St. Agues xxxi,
These delicates he heap’d with glowing hand On golden
dishes. 1870 Morris Zarthly Par. 1.1. 204 And many such
a delicate As goddesses in old time ate.
+e. Of a person: The delight, joy, darling. Obs.
rare—*.
153 Eryor Gov. 1. xxiv, The Emperour Titus..for his
lernynge and vertue, was named the delicate of the wi rlde
[amor et delicie humani generis).
+ Delicate, v. rare. Ods.
To render delicate.
1614 W. B. Philosopher's Banguet (ed. 2) 69 They doe
dillicate and mollifie the flesh.
Hence De'licated ff/. a.
18st Mrs. Browninc Casa Guidi Windows 125 These
delicated muslins rather seem Than be, you think?
Delicately (delikétli), adv. [f. DenicarE a. +
-LY 2.) In a delicate manner. -
+1. In a way that gratifies the senses, esp. the
palate; sumptuously, luxuriously; daintily, fasti-
diously. Ods.
1377 Lanat. P. P2. B. v. 184 Drynke nou3te ouer delicatly
ne to depe noyther, /d7d. B. xiv. 250 He .. doth hym nou3te
dyne delycatly ne drynke wyn oft. 1435 Misyn Fire of Lowe
26 pat I wald not abyde bot wher I myght be delicately
fed. 1555 Even Decades 117 Bores fleshe wherwith they
fedde them selues dilycately. 1576 Freminc Panofl. Epist.
292 You have received mee honorably, sumptuously and
delicatly, 16rx Bipte x 7%. v. 6 She that liueth in plea-
sure [sargin, delicately]is dead while she liueth. 1650 Jer,
‘Taytor Holy Living ii. § 1.57 Eat not delicately or nicely.
b. With enervating or weakening luxury or in-
dulgence ; effeminately, tenderly.
1382 Wycuir Prov, xxix. 21 Who delicatli [delicate] fro
childhed nurshith his seruaunt, afterward shal feelen hym
vnobeisaunt. 1852 Hutoet, Delicately, Zaute, olliler,
muliebriter. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Char. Wks.
(Bohn) II. 58 The young coxcombs of the Life Guards deli-
cately brought up. 1893 H. Dauziet Dis. Dogs (ed. 3) 28 Not
so liable to attacks of cold as the more delicately reared.
2. +a. Ina way that gives pleasure or delight ;
delightfully, beautifully (0ds.). b. ‘With soft
elegance’ (J.) ; with exquisite or graceful fineness,
softness, etc. Opposed to coarsely.
15) Howtnsuep Jredand an. 1535 (R.) He was .. deli-
catelie in each limb featured. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. [ndia
&P. 199 The Moors build with Stone and Mortar .. making
small shew without, but delicately contrived within. 1735
Pore Zp. Lady 43 Ladies .. ’Tis to their Changes half their
charms we owe; Fine by defect, and delicately weak.
1760-72 tr. Fuan § Ulloa’s Voy. (ed. 3) 1. 54 The fox here
is not much big er than a large cat; but delicately shaped.
x82x Crare Vill. Minstr. 11. 61 Ye cowslips, delicately pale.
1848 Macautay //ist. Eng. II. 407 The more delicately or-
ganised mind of Halifax. 1876 Gro. Exior Dan. Der. III,
xxxv. 39 The delicately-wrought foliage of the capitals.
3. Softly, lightly; with light or delicate touch,
gently; with delicacy of feeling. Opposed to
roughly.
16x Biste x Sam. xv. 32 And Agag came vnto him deli-
cately [Coverp. tenderly, Gezev. pleasantly]. 1677 S. Lee
Triumph of Mercy in Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. cv. 19-21
Joseph’s feet were hurt in irons, to fit him to tread more
delicately in the King’s Palace. 1825 J. Neat Bro. Yona-
than III, 318 Death in his great mercy. .had breathed upon
it very delivaratye 1845, M Parrison Ess. (1889) I. 19 ‘The
thorny subject which they were delicately shunning in their
conversation. 1855 Macautay Hist. Eng. IV. 411 Blame
which, though delicately expressed, was perfectly- intel-
[f. DELICATE a.]
' ligible.
DELICIATE,
4. In a way that is sensitive or responsive to the
slightest influences; sensitively; with nice exactness.
t Mrs. Rapcuirre Rom. Forest i, Whose mind was
delicately sensible to the beauties of nature. 1793 BEppors
Calculus 195 The least degree of heat then produces the
most violent effects upon the fibres thus delicately irritable.
1842 S. Lover Handy Andy xx. 179 A very delicately-
balanced scale of etiquette. 1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. 1.
187 How delicately the adjustment of the pressure can be
made with this apparatus.
Delicateness (de‘likctnés). [f. as prec. +
-NESS.] The quality of being delicate, delicacy.
The opposite of voughness, coarseness, grossness.
1530 PALsGr. 212/2 Delycatenesse, /friandise. 1552 HuLort,
Delicatenes, sollicia, mollicies, muliebritas. 1555 EDEN
Decades 49 Vhey fynde the lyke softenes or delicatenes to
bee in herbes. — 1898 Stow S77v. x. (1603) 80 They which
delight in delicatenesse may be satisfied with as delicate
dishes there as may be found elsewhere. 1611 Bist Deut.
xxviii. 56 The tender and delicate woman .. which would
not aduenture to set the sole of her foote vpon the ground,
for delicatenesse and tendernesse. 1670-98 Lassets Joy.
Italy Pref. 19 Any young traveller should leave behind him
.. all delicateness and effeminateness. 1678 7rans. Crt.
Spain 21 The delicateness of our Young Prince suffered him
not to bear the Fatigue. 1727 Braptey Fam. Dict. s.v.
Epilepsy, Young Children are more subject to the Falling-
Sickness .. by Reason of the Delicateness of the Nerves.
1873 Daily News 21 Aug., To borrow the delicateness of
{this] French idiom.
|| Delicatesse (delikate's). [mod.F. dicatesse
(1564 in Hatzf.\, f. déicat DELICATE: cf. It. ded7-
catezza, and older pop. F. words like justesse,
vilesse, etc.] Delicacy.
1698 VansrucH Prov. Wife 1. ii, 150 But I have too much
délicatesse to make a practice on’t. 1704 Swirt 7. Tud ii.
40 All which required abundance of fizesse and delicatesse
to manage with advantage. 1706 Farquuar Aecruit. OF:
Epil., The French found it a little too rough for their de/7-
catesse. 1854 Syp. Donett Balder xxv. 186 Let delicatesse
Weave his thin cuticle, and mesh him in.
+ De‘licative, ¢. Ods. In 5 delycatyf. [a.
OF. delicatif, -2ve, dainty, exquisite.] Of the nature
of delicacies; dainty.
1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) V. iii. 337 b/2
Seche no metes ouer delycyous ne delycatyf.
+ De-licatude. Obs. rare. ICATENESS.
1727 BaiLey II, Dedicatude, deliciousness. 1775 in AsH.
+ Delice. O/s. Forms: 3-7 delice, 3-6 -yce,
4 -ijss, 5 -is, -ys, -yse ; 7/. 3-7 delices, 4-5 -icis,
4 -icys, 5 -yeys, 5-6 -yces. [a. OF. delice masc.
iL. délictum, and OF. delices fem. pl. :—L. déliciv,
-as, delight, pleasure, charm; f. délicére to allure,
entice, delight. (The L. words have the form of
the neuter sing. and fem. pl. of an adj. *deicius
charming, alluring. .L. had also the fem. sing.
délicta, whence It. delizta, Sp., Pg. delicda delight. ]
1. Delight, pleasure, joy, enjoyment.
ax2z5 Ancr. R. 340 Vor his delices, he seid, beod forto
wunien per. ‘Et delicie mee cum filiis hominum.’ 138z
Wycurr Gen. ii. 8 The Lord God had plawntid paradise of
delice fro bigynnyng. 1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 11. xxviii,
Causinge the ayre enuyron be delyse To resemble a very
paradyse. 1435 Misyn Fire of Love 96 Pe delis of endles
lufe. 1450-1530 M/yrr. our Ladye 174 In thy delyces holy
mother of God. 1614 T. Avams Devil's Banguct 3 If she
discouers the greene and gay flowers of delice. 1656 JER.
Taytor in Four C. Eng. Lett. 104 My delices were really
in seeing you severe and unconcerned. 1685 E . Mrs.
Godolphin 47 The love of God and delices of Religion.
b. spec. Sensual or worldly pleasure; voluptu-
ousness,
a1225 Ancr. R. 368 pet heo gleowede & gomede .. &
liuede in delices? 1340 Ayend. 24 Pe guodes of hap byeb
he3nesses, richesses, delices, and prosperites. ¢ 1386 CHAUCER
Pars, T, ® 133 For certis delices ben be appetites of by fyue
wittes. 1401 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 50 Take 3e Cristes crosse,
he saith, and counte we delices claye. 1532 More Con/i?.
Tindale Wks. 535/2 Paule sayde of wanton wiedowes, that
the wiedow which liueth in delyces, is dead euen whyle she
liueth. 1669 GALE Crt. Gentiles 1. 11. x. 106 No smooth and
effeminate delices for itching ears.
2. Something that affords pleasure ; a delight.
14.. Pol. Rel. §& L. Poents (1866) 248 To don hym sorwe
was here delys [vie prys]. 1564 Hawarp Eutropius vit.
Hee was called the love and delices of mankynde. oe
vELYN tr. Freart’s Archit. Ep. Ded. 15 S. Germain’s an
Versailles, which were then the ordinary residence and de-
lices of the King. 1779 Swinpurne 77av. Spain xxxiv. (1),
Zehra, with all its delices, is erased from the face of the earth.
b. A dainty, delicacy.
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 195b/1 She had no thynge but
barly brede and sometyme benes, the whiche. .she ete for alle
delyces, 1 Buttes Dyets drie Dinner Aaviij, There
with Cates, Delices, Tabacco, Mell. 1652 C. B. Stapy.ton
Herodian 91 Whence..many Fragrant Spices Are brought
to us, as rare and choise Delices.
{| Spenser stresses de‘/ices, perhaps by confusion
with DELICTEs.
1590-6 SPENSER F. Q. 11. v. 28 And now he has pourd out
his ydle mynd In daintie delices, and lavish joyes. /bid.
1v. x. 6 An island strong, Abounding all with delices most
rare. bid. v. iii. 40.
+ Deli-ciate, v. Ods. rare. [Formed after OF.
délicter (12-16th c.), “rans. to rejoice, vefl, to enjoy
gneself, feast, med.L. ad@licéar to feast, f. L. délicia,
-w: see DELICE, and -aTE3,] :
1. intr. To take one’s pleasure, enjoy oneself,
revel, luxuriate.
1633 A. H. Partheneia Sacra 18 (R.) When ro is dis-
= DE
DELICIES.
— to deliciate with her minions, 1678 Cupwortn Jnte//.
st, 811 These Evil Demons therefore did as it were Deli-
and Epicurize inthem.
2. trans. To fill with delight, render delightful,
delight.
: R. Franck North. Mem. (1821) 77, 1 perceive you dis-
ordered, but not much deliciated. /é/d. 122 Whilst the
. birds harmoniously deliciat the air.
+ De'licies, sd. 77. Obs.rare. [ad. L. délicix,
-as: cf, Dewicr.] = Detices, delights; joys;
dainties.
1597 1st Pt. Return fr. Parnass. ut. mi. iv. 1355 Inspire
me streight with some rare delicies, Or Ile d thee
from thy radiant coach. 1 Wackincton Oft. Glass 9
Charon and Atropos are com'd to call me away from my
delicies.
+ Deliciosity. O/s. rare. In § -iosite,
siousite, diliciousite. [f. Drxicious or its L.
or Fr. equivalent. A med.L. *aé/icidsitas and OF.
*deliciouseté were prob. used, though not yet re-
gistered.] The quality of being delicious, or of
affording delight; concr. something in which this
quality is embodied; a delicacy, a luxury.
c 1440 Gesta Rom. \xiii. 274 (Harl. MS.) To abide still
with pe deliciousites. /é7d., As ofte as the flessh is overcome
with diliciousites, ¢ 1449 Pecock Refr. 255 To speke and
write tho wordis in sum gaynes and bewte or in sum deli-
ciosite. | z Lodi’
Delicious (dili-fos), z. Also 4-6 -yci-, -icy-,
-ycy-, -ous, -owse, dilicious(e, 5 dylycy-, 6 de-
licius, di-, 6-7 delitious, 7 delishous, [a. OF.
and Anglo-Fr. de/ictous (later F. delicteus, -eux) =
Pr. delicios, Sp. delicioso, It. delizioso, ad. late L.
délicios-us delicious, delicate (Augustine), f. L. dé-
dicta, -e: see DELICE and -ous.]
1. Highly pleasing or delightful ; affording great
pleasure or enjoyment.
In mod. use, usually less dignified than ‘delightful’, and
expressing an intenser degree and lower quality of pleasure.
¢ 1300 K. Adis. 38 Theo wondres, of worm and best, Deli-
ciouse hit is to lest. ¢1374 Cuaucer Soeth, 1, iii. 36 Pise
ben faire binges .. and only while pei ben herd®.bei ben de-
liciouse. ¢ 1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. /1ist, (Camden) I. 20
Plenti of delicius rivers, pleasauntlie wateringe there feldes.
1632 Litncow 7'rav. v. 222 A Delicious incircling Harbour,
inclos'd within the middle of the Towne. a@1661 FULLER
Worthies (1840) 111, 283 [Guy’s Cliff] a most delicious place,
so that a man in many miles riding cannot meet so much
variety, as there one furlong doth afford. 1742 Cot.ins
Fclog. i. 24 Each gentler ray, delicious to your eyes. 1824
Disp Libr. Comp. 611 A delicious array of Miltonic trea-
sures, 31861 O'Curry JS. Materials Anc. Irish Hist. 263
‘The delicious strains of the harp. 1879 Farrar St. Pan/
(1883) 349 A green delicious plain,
. Intensely amusing or entertaining.
1642 Mitton Afol. Smect. viii. Wks. (1847) 92/1 Deli-
cious! he had that whole Bevie at command whether in
Morrice or at May-pole; whilst I... left so impoverish’d
of what to say, as to turn my Liturgy into my Lady’s
Psalter. 185r Ruskin Stones Ven. (1874) I. App. 362 The
strut of the foremost cock, lifting one leg at right angles to
the other, is delicious. 1853 KincsLey //yfatia vi. (1879) 71
A delicious joke it would have been.
2. Highly pleasing or enjoyable to the bodily
senses, ésp. to the taste or smell ; affording exquisite
sensuous or bodily pleasure.
1340 Hampote Pr. Conse. aside savour sal be ful plen-
teuouse, And swa swete and swa delicious. ¢ 1400 MAuNDEV.
(Roxb.) xv. 71 Ane ober maner of drinke gude and delicious.
c1440 York Myst. xxix. 76 Itt is licoure full delicious.
¢ 1532 Dewes /xtrod, Fr. in Palsgr. 921 A quyete slepe is
right necessary and delycious. 1548 Hai Chron. 230b,
In the same delicious climate. 1634 Sir'‘T. Hersert 7rav.
183 Bananas or Plantanes. .the fruite. . gives a most delicious
taste and rellish. 1667 Mitton 7. L. 11. 400 The soft deli-
cious Air, 1732 BerkeLey A/ciphr.1. §1 We walked under
the delicious shade of these trees. 1847 Emerson XRefr.
Men, Uses Gt. Men Wks. (Bohn) I. 274 In Valencia the
climate is delicious, 1850 L. Hunt Autodjog, 1. x. 31 There
is something in the word deZicious which may be said to
comprize a reference to every species of pleasant taste.
+3. Characterized by or tending to sensuous in-
dulgence ; voluptuous, luxurious. Oés.
ar Hampote Psalter ix. 6 Deliciouse affecciouns of
flescly lust. a1450 Kut. de la Tour (1868) 54 The flesshe
is tempted by delicious metes and drinkes, the whiche bene
leteres and kindelers of the brondes of lecherye, 1563
Homilies u, Fasting 1.(1859) 280 An abstinence. . from all de-
licious pleasures and delectations worldly. 1632 Lirucow
Trav. 1. 22 Forsaking the delicious lives of the effeminate
Affricans. 1651-3 Jer. Tavior Serm. for Year (1678) 339
‘The habitual Intemperance which is too ly
162
the places ryght de-
Caxton Chas. Gt. 19 He .. payed
lycyously. 1747 Canre Hist. Eng. 1. 577 No cost being
d h the g rarities, or to dress
either to pi
them deliciously. 1792 A. Younc 7rav. France 259 There
was something so deliciously amiable in her character.
E. C. Cayton Queens of pane II. 322 Her voice was in-
variably pure, true, and deliciously sweet. 1865 Livinc-
STONE Zambesi vy. 106 The air was deliciously cool,
Manch, Exam. 19 Dec. 5/3 The explanation is deliciously
grotesque.
b. With intense delight or enjoyment,
1696 Stannope Chr. Pattern (1711) 290 Yet does He. .im-
portune us to sit and eat deliciously with him. ——
upon Ridicule 239 He deliciously imbibes the Elogies that
are given him. 1799 Soutrney Love Elegies iv, O'er the page
of Love’s despair, My Delia bent deliciously to grieve. —_
Sxeat Uhlana's Poems 294 Beneath its shade he oft wou
sit And dream deliciously.
+ 2. Luxuriously, voluptuously, sumptuously.
1303 R. Brunne Hand. Synne 207 |. 6617 Anoper spyce
ys yn glotonye, To ete ouer delycyusly. ¢ 1349 HampoLe
Prose Tr. iii. 6 A 3onge man..vn-chastely and delycyousel
lyfande and full of many synnys. c¢ 1400 Rom. Rose A Sg f
he have peraventure .. Lyved over deliciously. 1557 ie
(Genev.) Luke xvi. 19 A certayne ryche man, which .. fared
deliciously euery day. 1634 Sir T. Herpert 7rav. 102 The
King .. deliciously tooke his pleasure. 1690 J. PALMER in
Andros Tracts 1. 54 Did his Excellency lye upon Beds of
Down, and fare Delishously every day? a 1800 Cowrer //iad
(ed, 2) xxiv. 56 The lion .. Makes inroad on the flocks, that
he may fare Deliciously at cost of mortal man.
+ 3. With fondness, fondly. Ods.
c1400 Test. Love 1. (1560) 275 b/2 She [Love] gan delici-
ously mee comfort with sugred words. a 1440 ound. St.
Barthol. 61 His hors, that so deliciously he louyd, and so
negligently hadde lost. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 143 b/1
An heremyte .. reteyned nothyng but a catte wyth whyche
he playde ofte and helde it in his lappe delyciously.
Deliciousness (d/li-Jasnés).
-NESS.]
1. The quality of being delicious, or highly
pleasing (now es/. to the senses): see the adj.
1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. vi. xxiii. (1495) 213 Delycy-
ousnes of all that is sette on the borde. c 1400 Zest. Love
Prol. (1560) 271 b/2 Many men there been, that with eeres
openly sprad, so moch swalowen the deliciousnesse of jestes
and of ryme. 1592 Suaxs. Rom. & Fud. u. vi. 12 The sweet-
est honey Is loathsome in its owne deliciousnesse. a 1652
J. Smitn Sed. Disc. i. 12 There is an inward sweetness and
deliciousness in divine truth, which no sensual mind can
taste or relish. 1751 Jounson Namdbler No. 127 ? 4 The delici-
ousness of ease commonly makes us unwilling to return to
labour. 1860 HAwTHoRNE Marble Faun xxiv, There was a
deliciousness in it that eluded analysis.
+b. (with f/.) A delight. Ods.
1749 Br. Lavincton Enthus. Meth. & Papists (1754) 1. 57
A Woman quite deserted, and the Vein of her Spiritual
Deliciousnesses dried up in her Aridities.
+2. Voluptuousness, luxuriousness, luxury. Oés.
c 1440 Gesta Rom, 1. xxvi. 101 (Harl. MS.) He folowithe
deliciousnes of the fleshe. 1579 Lyty Exphues (Arb.) 179
Philautys, hath giuen ouer himselfe to all deliciousnesse,
desiring. .to be dandled in the laps of Ladyes. 1580 Nortu
Plutarch (1676) 37 He thought..to banish out of the
City all insolency, envy, coveto , and delicio
1650 Jer. Tavior Holy Living (1727) 242 Do not seek for
deliciousness and sensible consolations in the actions of
religion.
+ 3. Fondness for what gives pleasure. Ods.
1548 UDALL, etc. Evasm. Par. Luke xvi. 25 So great was
the deliciousnes of thy mouth. :
+ Beli‘city. Os. rare. In 5 -yeyte. [A non-
etymological formation from DELICE: see -ITY.]
Deliciousness, delightfulness.
c 1485 Digby Myst. (1882) 11.72 Martha, ful [of] bewte and
of delycyte. did. 111. 2039 And have fed me with fode of
most delycyte.
Delict (d/likt). [ad. L. dé/ict-um fault, offence,
crime, prop. subst. use of neuter sing. of pa. pple. of
délinguére to fail, commit a fault: see DEnin-
QuENT.] A violation of law or right ; an offence,
a delinquency.
1§23 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 43 Their delicts
offenses. 1594 Parsons Confer. Success, 11. ix. 209 In
al criminal affayres and punishing of delictes. 1613 R. C.
Table Alph, (ed. 3), Delicte, fault, small offence. 1649 Jer.
Taytor Gt, Exemp. u. ix. 117 When the Supreme Power
either hath not power to punish the delinquent, or may
misse to have notice of the delict. a1734 Nortu Exam. u.
v. § 43 (1740) 340 Whereby the pro) Officer may be
leomght to answer for the Delict. B32 Austin Furispr.
(1879) I, 44 Acts, forb and omi: which are viola-
tions of rights or duties are styled delicts, injuries or offences.
1871 Marxsy Zlem. Law § 157 i French code .. is no
le!
[f. as prec. +
to festival and delicious Tables.
+b. Of persons: Addicted to sensuous indul-
gence; voluptuous, luxurious, dainty. Ods.
1393 Gower Conf. III, 33 If that thou understode, What
is to ben delicious, Thou woldest nought ben curious. ¢ 1450
Mirour Saluacioun 914 Of mete nor drinke was sho neure
yhit diliciouse. 7483. Caxton Gold. Leg. 116/2 Thyse
monckes ben ouer de! pies 1530 PALsGr. 309/2 Delyciouse,
daynty mouthed or delycate. 1598 Syitvester Du Barias
u. 1. Eden (1641) 84/t Idleness .. Defiles our body, Yea |
sobrest men it makes dilicious. 1680 Morven Geog. Rect.
(1685) 71 ‘The Gentry are. .Costly in their A 1, Delicious
in their Diet. 1681 W, Rosertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 448
A delicious mouth or pete.
; ly (drlifasli), adv. [f. prec. + -L¥ 2.]
In a delicious manner,
1. So as to afford intense prem delightfully.
ead Cuaucer Sgr.’s 7. 71 Herknyn: dase ysetiete
hir thynges pleye Beforn hym at the deliciously, 1485
more exp on the subject icts than Blackstone on
the subject of civil injuries to which i
. in Fe te delict; transl. Lat. in e
delicto, Fr.en flagrant délit, in the very act of com-
mitting the offence.
{x nius Lett. \xviii. (1875) 327/1 A person. .taken i
£ Le delicto, with the atdlen anode upon him, is not
ailable.] 1820 Scorr /vanhoe xxxvi, Taken in the flagrant
delict by the avowal of a crime contrary to thine oath. 1837
Sir F. Parcrave Merch. §& Friar (1844) 121 Cases of nt
delict .. required no other trial than the publicity .. of the
fact. 1892 G. S, Layvarp Life C. Keene 1. 4 [She] resorted
to all the time- means of catching scholars in
flagrant delict.
Delictual (d/liktival), a. rare. [f. Deior
or L, délictum, after effectual, etc.] Of or belong-
ing to a delict.
1875 Poste Gaius 11. Comm, (ed. ?)
4 { po Re eens
Mala fide p have a del
character,
be Pn _
DELIGHT.
+ Delie, e, a. Obs. rare. [a. F. délié
(rth c. 2 Hatzt.), ee? cs L cee on the
analogy of popular formations like plicatus, plié.
(As a living word délicatus Tineke
de? cato, Sp. delgado, Cat. and Pr. delgat, OF. delgiét,
delgié, deljé, mod.¥. dial. deugé, dougé. A third
and still later adaptation is dé/icat: see DeicaTE.)]
Delicate, fine.
c 1374 Cuaucer Boeth.1. i. 5 Her clopes weren maked of
ry3t delye predes, c1425 Govt. Lordschipes 88 Ffor delye
inge ys more worth greet, and bynne more worth
ycke. [1692 Cotes, Dely, little. Old word.—Hence in Ker-
sey, Bailey, Ash, etc.]
eligated (de'ligeitéd), gy/.a. Surg. [f. L.
déligat-us bound fast (see next)+-ED.] Tied with
a ligature, as an artery.
1840 R. Liston Elem. Surg. (ed, 2) 204 The immediate
effect of a tightly-drawn ligature is to divide the internal
and middle coats at the deligated point. 1859 Topp Cyc/.
Anat. V. 330/1 With deligated salivary ducts.
Deligation (deligé'-fon). [ad. L. *déligation-
em, n. cf action from déligdre to bind fast, bind up,
f. De- I. 3+/igdre to bind. Cf. mod.F. déligation
in Surgery. In sense 2, taken in sense of med.L.
disligare, OF. deslier, mod.F. délier to untie: see
De- I. 6.)
I. 1. Surg. +a. Bandaging ; a bandage. Obs.
1661 Lovett Hist. Anim. § Min. 340 By reason of tumours
or deligation. 1676 Wiseman Surg. (J.), The third intention
is deligation, or retaining the parts so joined together. 1798
W. Brair Soldier's Friend 33 Useful for the temporary de-
ligation of wounds. 1857 Sumcason Dict. Med, 2% s.v.
Deligation, The deligation of wounds formerly embraced
the application of dressings, &c. ..Deligation is hardly ever
used now as an English word.
b. The tying of an artery, etc. with a ligature.
1840 R. Liston Elem. Surg. u. (ed. 2) 477 For aneurism at
the angle of the jaw, the point of deligation must in a great
measure depend on the size of the tumour. 1884 Brarru-
waite Retrospect Med. LXXXVIII. 22 Deligation of large
Arteries by application of two ligatures, and division of t!
Vessel between them.
II. +2. An unbinding, loosening. Ods.
1650 AsHMOLE Chym. Collect. 73 In such a Dissolution
and naturall Sublimation, there is made a deligation of the
Elements, A
+ Deligature. Ods. [f. L. déligare (see prec.),
after /igature: see -URE.] A bandage.
1610 BarrouGu Meth, Physick ui. lii. (1639) 183 He must
use apt and convenient deligatures and trusses.
Deligent, obs. form of DinicEnt.
Delight (d/leit), s+. Forms: 3-6 delit, (3
delijt), 4-6 delyt(e, -lite, (5 delytte, 6 dellyte},
6- delight. [ME. de/it, a. OF. delit (-eit), (=Pr.
deliet, Sp. delette, It. diletto), f. stem of deliter vb. -
The etymological de/ite is found as late as 1590,
but earlier in 16th c. it had generally been —
planted by de/ight, an erroneous spelling after Zight,
fight, *)
1. The fact or condition of being delighted ;
pleasure, joy, or gratification felt in a high degree.
a1225 Ancr. R. 272 So sone so me .. let pene lust gon in-
ward & delit waxen, axz2g0 Ureisun in Cott. Hom, 201 Pe
muchele delit of pine swetnesse. ¢1340 Cursor M. 8164
(Fairf.) Pai_hailsed him wip grete delite, ¢1386 Cuaucer
Prol. 335 To lyuen in delit was euere his wone, For he
was Epicurus owene sone. 1559 Mirr. Mag., Dk, Clar-
ence xxxix, In study set his hole delite. 1610 Suaxs. Temp.
m1. ii. 145 Sounds, and sweet aires, that five delight and
hurt not. 1736 Butter Anad. 1. iii, 72 The gr ion
itself of every natural passion must be attended with <_ ht,
1793 CoLeripce Poems, The Rose, He gazed! he t!
with deep delight! 1860 Tyxpatt Giac, 1. v. 38, T had read
with delight Coleridge's poem.
b. Phr. Zo take or have delight (in a thing, in
doing, to do).
+ To have delight was used as = to desire, Fr,
avoir envie (see
quots. 1470, 14% a P
c1230 Hali Meid, 7 And habbed mare felt fae pen
anie odre habbed i likinge of pe worlde. a 1300 Cursor M.
23339 (Cott.) Bot suld pai haf a gret delite, To se setlid
in Ny site. ¢14 enry Wadlace vin. 1626 The nobill
king .. Had gret Selyte this Wallace for to se. Eart
— (Caxton) Dictes 1, aaa Pt r- Oo The some
ag istorye. Caxton G, de ‘our R delite
that men take Pa
Kincesmytt C 4
in that that he doeth. ¢ 1600 Suaxs. Sonn. xxxvii. 1 As a
decrepit father takes delight To see his active child do deeds
of youth, 1652 J. Wricur tr. Camus’ Nature's Paradox
12 [He] took more delight in Arms than at his Book.
1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 28 Gardening was what I
took es in. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 184
branch knowledge .. in which he takes the greatest
delight.
+ Boies delight-taking.
1619 W. ScratTer £.xfos. 1 Thess. (1630) 468 Pleasure or
delight-taking in the partie loued.
2. Anything in which one takes delight, or which
affords delight; an object of delight; a source of
great pleasure or joy.
a 1225 Ancr. R, 102 Pes cos .. is a swetnesse & a delit of
heorte. 1340 Hampote Pr. Conse. Bot in his
le our
the Fields
Homer's works your 1848 MacauLay
DELIGHT.
Hist. Eng. 1. 396 The poetry and eloquence of Greece had
been the delight of Raleigh and Falkland.
3. The quality (in objects) which causes delight ;
quality or faculty of delighting ; charm, delightful-
ness. Now only Aoet.
¢ 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 1199 Dido, With sadyl red en-
broudit with delyt. Dunsar Thistle & Rose 145 No
flour is so perfyt, So full of vertew, plesans and delyt. c 1600
Suaks. Sonn. cii. 12 Sweets grown common lose their dear
delight. 1662 Gerpigr Princ. 38'The Louver at Paris..with
the delight of the annexed Tuilleries. 1804 Worpsw. Poev,
She was a Phantom of delight When first she gleamed upon
my si, ht.
Delight (d7lait), v. Forms: 3-7 delite, 4-6
delyte, (4 delytte, 4-5 dilyte, 6 delyt), 6 de-
lyght, 6- delight. [ME. de/tte-z, a. OF. delitier
(-lettier, -leter, -liter) = Pr., Sp. delectar, Sp., Pg.
deleitar, It. delettare, dilettare:-L. délectare to
allure, attract, delight, charm, please, freq. of dé/7-
cére to entice away, allure: cf. Deticious. The
current erroneous spelling after /igh¢, etc. arose in
the 16th c., and prevailed about 1575: the Bible
of 1611 occasionally retained de/zte.]
1. trans. To give great pleasure or enjoyment to ;
to please highly. Frequently in pass. (const. zw7th,
at, + in, or with infin.). Also adsol.
c1300 K, Adis, 5802 So hy ben delited in that art That
wery ne ben hy neuere cert. ¢1374 Cuaucer Anel. & Arc.
266 But for I.. was so besy you to delyte. 1535 FisHer
Wks. (1876) 366 The loue of this game deliteth him so muche.
1576 Freminc Panopl. Epist. 151, 1 am mervelously de-
lighted with merrie conceites. 1594 Hooker Eecé. Pol...
(1676) 70 The stateliness of Houses. .delighteth the eye. 167
Ray Yourn, Low C. 395 The Italians are greatly delighte
in Pictures. 1704 Pore Spring 67 1f Windsor-shades delight
the matchless maid. 1855 Macautay /ist. Eng. ILI. 496
Charles. .was delighted with an adviser who had a hundred
pleasant .. things to say. 1873 Brack Pr. Thule xxii. 371
df the money belonged to me, I should be delighted to keep
it. 1875 Jowerr P/ato (ed. 2) 1. 476, I was quite delighted
at this notion.
b. ref. =2.
1303 R. Brunne Handi. Synne 3086 3yf pou delyte pe
oftyn stoundes, Yn horsys, haukys, or yn houndes. cx
Cursor M. 1560 (Fairf.) A-mong caymys kyn, pat delitet
ham alto syn. 1362 Lane. P. PZ. A. 1. 29 Lot .. Dilytede
him in drinke. 1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 1
A ete -whiche gretly delited hym in alle vertuouse
..thynges, 1611 Biste Ps. cxix. 16, I will delight my selfe in
thy statutes. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 7rav.199 He has many
Elephants with whose Majestie he greatly delights him-
selfe. 1742 Cottins £clog. iii. 36 Fair happy maid !..With
love delight thee. 1828 D’Israri Chas. J, I. v.95 A life of
pleasure—to delight himself and to be the delight of others.
2. intr. (for refl.) To be highly pleased, take
great pleasure, rejoice: @. 7 or ¢o do (anything).
_ @1225 Ancr. R. 52 Eue..iseih hine ueir, & ueng to deliten
ibe biholdunge. «1325 Prose Psalter \[i). 17 Pou ne shalt
nou3t deliten in sacrifices. ¢1385 CHaucer L.G. W. 415
Yet hath he made lewde folke delyte To serue yow. a@ 1450
Le Morte Arth, 3717 Suche we haue delyted in. 1535 JouNn
ap Rice in Four C. Eng. Lett. 33 He delited moche in
playing at dice and cardes. 1548 Hatt Chrox, 201b, An
Inne,wherein he delighted muche to be. 1605 Suaxs. A/acd.
u. iii. 55 The labour we delight in physicks paine, 161z BisLe
Ps. \xviii. 30 Scatter thou the people that delite in warre.
1634 Sir T. Hersert 7rav. 16 They delight to dawbe and
make their skin glister with grease. 1710 SreELE & ADDISON
Tatler No. 254 ? 1 There are no Books which I more de-
light in than Travels. 1869 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876)
III. xii. 145 The obsolete titles delighted in by the Latin
writers. 1874 Mortey Compromise (1886) 39 We know the
kind of man whom this system delights to honour.
b. absol. (without const.).
1393 Gower Conf. III. 243 And she .. So ferforth made
him to delite Through lust. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. x. ii,
Divers persons in sundry wyse delyght.
ce. transf. of things.
877 B. Goocr Heresbach’s Husd. 1. (1586) 33 b, The Beane
delighteth in riche and wel dounged ground. 1697 Dampier
Voy. 1. iii. 34 The Manatee delights to live in brackish
Water. 1849 Jounston Exp. Agric. 116 The hop delights
in woollen rags.
+ 3. trans. To enjoy greatly: =¢o delight in,
a 1450 Kut. dela Tour (1868) 63 The whiche makithe hym
to desire and delite foule plesaunce of the synne of lechery.
1591 SyLvesteR Du Bartas t. iv. (1641) 34/2 Brave-minded
Mars.. Delighting nought but Battails, blood, and murder.
1602 Basse £/eg.i. 3 Who lou'd no riot, tho delighted sport.
1618 I. Suyru Lives Berkeleys (1883) 11. 285 Shee often went
with her husband part of those hunting journeys, delighting
her crosbowe. ;
Delightable (déleitab’l), 2. rare. [f. Dz-
LIGHT v. or sb,+-ABLE: containing the same ele-
ments as the ME, Detrrasix.] Affording delight
1871 R. Extis Catullus xxxiv. 10 Queen of mountainous
heights, of all Forests leafy, delightable.
Delighted (déloitéd), pp/. a.
and sé. +-ED.]
1. Filled with delight, highly pleased or gratified.
a 1687 WaLLER Ox His Majesty's Escape (R.), About the
keel delighted dolphins play. 1857 Lowe.t Above § Below
1, What health there is In the Gane Dawn’s delighted eyes.
2. [Endowed or attended with delight; affording
delight, delightful. Ods.
With the first quot. cf. DELIGHTFUL 2, quot. 1600,
1603 Suaxs. Meas. for Mut. i, 121 This sensible warme
motion to become A kneaded clod ; and the delighted spirit
To bath in fierie floods, or to recide In thrilling region of
thicke-ribbed ice. 1604 — Oth, 1. iii, 290 If Vertue no de-
lighted Beautie lacke. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 77av. 104 By
supping a delighted cup of extreame poyson. 1667 PrimatT
[f. Dericur z.
163
City § C. Build. Ded., Your quick and delighted equitable
dispatch of such Differences as have come before you. 1747
Cotuins Passions 3° But thou, O Hope.. What was thy
delighted measure
Delightedly, adv. [-ty?.] In a delighted
manner.
1800 CoLeripce Piccolom. u. iv, Delightedly dwells he
’mong fays and talismans. 1879 Gro. ELior Theo. Such ix.
16x A man delightedly conscious of his wealth.
Delighter (dflsi-to1). [-rr.] One who de-
lights ; one who takes delight 2 (anything).
@1677 Barrow Serum. Wks. 1687 I. xvii, 250 A delighter
in teling bad stories. 1715 Loud. Gaz. No. 5360/9 All
Persons that are delighters in Plants and Flowers. 1705
Srannore Parafhr. 11. 366 To draw a greater Guilt, upon
the Delighter in, than upon the Commiter of, them.
Delightful (d/loitful), a Also 6 delyte-,
delite-. [f. Deticur (delite) sb. + -FUL.]
1, Affording delight; delighting; highly pleas-
ing, charming.
1530 Parscr. 309/2 Delytefull, that moche delyteth, de-
liteux. 1853 T. Witson Rhet. (1580) 3 marg., Oratours
muste use delitefull wordes and saiges. 1590 SPENSER /*, Q.
1. iv. 4 Goodly galleries .. Full of faire windowes and de-
lightful bowres. 1659 D. Pett /pr. Sea Yo Rar. A vij,
What delightfuller thing canst thou read than a Theam or
Subject of the Sea. 1667 Mitton /. Z. 1. 467 Rimmon,
whose delightful Seat Was fair Damascus. 1779 Cowrer
Lett. 31 Oct., Was there ever anything so delightful as the
music of the Paradise Lost? 1848 Dickens Domdbey xxxv,
That delightfullest of cities, Paris. 1870 Lowrny Study
Wind. (1871) 1 One of the most delightful books in my
father’s library. , c Nee
+2, Full of or experiencing delight ; delighting
72, delighted w7th. Obs.
a@ 1869 [see DELIGHTFULLY 2]. 1576 FLeminG Panopl. Lpist.
392 Shake off that delightfull desire whiche you have to be
conversaunt in the Citie. 1600 C. Sutton Learn to Die
(1634) 16 ‘Too chilling a doctrine for our delightful dispo-
sitions. 1602 Danie, Hymen's 77i, v.i, We are glad to see
you thus Delightful. 1687 A. Loven. Bergerac's Com, Hist.
24 The Nymph Eccho is so delightful with their Airs.
Delightfully (d/leitfuli), adv. [f prec. +
-LY 2.
1, In a delightful manner ; in a way that affords
delight ; charmingly.
1580 Sipney Arcadia 1. (R.), The flock of unspeakable
virtues, held up delightfully in that best builded fold. 1625
Bacon Ess. Gardens (Arb.) 558 Those which Perfume. the
Aire most delightfully. 1788 Map. D’Arstay Diary 2 Jan.,
My dear father was delightfully well and gay. 1848 C.
Bronte %. Eyre xvi. (1873) 160 She sang delightfully: it was
atreat to listen to her. 1865 Mrs. Cartyte Lett. II. 281
The air to-day is delightfully fresh. ;
+2. With experience of delight, delightedly.
a1569 KincesmyLt Conf. Satan (1578) 7 It must shutte
up thine eyes from delightfully seeing sin. 1678 WANLEY
Wond. Lit. World Ded. Aij, These things I have many
times delightfully considered of. 1749 C. Westey //yn,
‘ Forth in Thy Name’, For Vhee delightfully [to] employ
Whate’er Thy bounteous grace hath given.
Delightfulness (d/loi'tfulnes).
+-NESS.]
1. The state or quality of being delightful.
1579 Lyty Euphues (Arb.) 49, I hope the delightfulnesse
of the one wil attenuate the tediousnesse of the other. 1674
Prayrorp Skill Mus. 1. 59 Which Musick, by its Variety
and Delightfulness, allayeth the Passions. 1777 Sir W.
Jones Ess. i. 163 The delightfulness of their climate. 1831
Grevitte Mem. Geo. 1V G73) Il. xv. 182, Admiration of
the beauty and delightfulness of the place.
+2. Of persons: The state of being delighted or
of feeling delight. Ods.
1580 Sipney Arcadia (1613) 148-9 But our desires’ tyran-
nicall extortion Doth force vs there to set our chiefe delight
fuinesse Where but a baiting-place is all our portion. 1608
Macuin Duméd Kut. wv. i, The Queen is all for revels; her
high heart .. Bestows itself upon delightfulness.
Delighting (déloitin), 207. 5d. [-1nc1.] The
action of the verb DELIGHT ; delectation.
@ 1328 Prose Psalter xv. 11 Delitynges ben in by ri3t honde
ynto be ende. 1g00-20 DunBAR Poems (1893) 311/34 Bettir
war leif my paper quhyte, And tak me to vthir delyting.
1581 Sipney Afol, Poetrie (Arb.) 37 Beautifying it both for
further teaching, and more delighting. 1640 Sir R, Baker
in Spurgeon 77eas. Dav. Ps. Ixxxiv. 2 His Tabernacles ..
must needs work in me an infinite delighting.
Deli-ghting, f//.a. [-1nc2.] That delights
(in the different senses of the verb).
1563 Form of Megit. in Liturg. Serv. Q. Elis. (1847) 504
With wines, spices, silks, and other vain costly delighting
things. 1599 T. M[ourer] Sidkwormes 20 Full of delighting
change, and learning greate. 1814 Forgery Lv. ii. Let me
.-praise Heaven for the delighting pledge,
Hence Deli‘ghtingly adv.
160z Carew Cornwall 132 b, A walk which .. my selfe
haue oftentimes delightingly seene. 1660 Jer. Taytor Duct,
Dubit. w. i. (R.), Though 5 did not consent clearly and
delightingly to Seguiri’s death. 1836 New Monthly Mag.
XLVI. 425 Readers who delightingly believe, that [etc.].
Delightless (dilsitlés), a [-1ess.] Void
of delight ; affording no delight. (The opposite
of delightful.)
1580 Sipney Arcadia ut. (1622) 287 Turning away her
feeble sight, as froma delightlesse obiect. ¢ 1750 SHENSTONE
Elegies xi. 8 And we, delightless, left to wander home !
1850 Brackie Zschylus 11. 16 For this thou shalt keep
watch On this delightless rock.
Delightsome (dileitsim), a. Also 6 delyt-,
delite-. [f. DELicHT sd. +-SoME.] = DELIGHTFUL.
(In 17th c. in frequent use : now only literary.)
[f. as prec.
DELINEATE.
1g00-20 Dunbar Poems Ixiv. 2 Delytsum lyllie of everie
lustynes. 1576 Freminc Panopl. E:pist. 409 Up and about
the pleasaunt and delightsome hilles. 1601 Wrever J/irr.
Mart. Ej b, Daie is delightsome in respect of night. 1611
Biste Mad. iii. 12 Ye shall be a delightsome land. 1697
Dampier Voy. I. xvi. 454 ‘The whole Town was very clean
and delightsome. 1760 STERNE Serm. x. (1773) 64 When he
reflected upon this gay delightsome structure. 1844 Mrs.
BrowninG Vision of Poets, A mild delightsome melancholy.
1878 SHairp in Contemp. Rev. 685 All who care to visit. .
that delightsome land [the Scottish Border]. 1892 Field 19
Nov. 770/1 This delightsome, if quick-fleeting, season.
Delightsomely, av. [f. prec.+-Ly*.] In
a delightsome manner ; delightfully, joyously.
1576 FLeminc Panofpl. Epist. 227 The grassehopper .. was
delightsomly disposed. 1600 SurFLET Countrie Farme Vil.
Ixi. 892 The misken .. singeth sweetly and delightsomely.
«1603 T. CartwRIGHT hae be Rhem, N. 7. (1618) 84 A man
is willingly, desirously, and delightsomly holden vnder sinne.
1885 Tennyson Balin & Balan, 1 have not lived my life
delightsomely.
Deli‘ghtsomeness.
= DELIGHTFULNESS.
1576 FLeminc Panopl. Epist. 439 The delightsomnesse of
his behaviours. 1679 I’. Sipen //7st. Sevarites 11. i, A little
‘Town called by the Inhabitants Co/a, from the delightsom-
ness of the place. 1866 Ruskin Crown Wild Olive i. 72'Yo
repent into delight and delightsomeness. 1883 J. Parker
Tyne Ch. 334 ‘Vell a stone-deaf man what music 1s ; dwell on
its delightsomeness. :
+ De'ligible, a. Ols. [f. L. délig-cre to choose
+-BLE.] Worthy to be chosen, desirable.
1680 Hotiincwortnu Penit. ¥. Marketiman 11 Those joys
and pleasures which render humane life any ways deligible.
+ Delignate, v. vonce-wd. [f. Du- IL +
L. lign-um wood.) trans. 'To deprive of wood.
1655 FuLLER CA. //ist. 1x. ill. § 34 Dilapidating (or rather
delignating his Bishoprick, cutting down the woods thereof).
+ Deli-mate, v. Ols.—° [f. stem of L. délimat-
ws filed off, f. Dr- 1. 2 + dimare to file.)
1623 CockeraM, Delineate, to file or shaue from off a
thing. 1656 in Brount Glossagr.
Delimit (d/limit), v. [a. F. délémit-er (1773
in Hatzf.), ad. L. delimitare to mark out as a
boundary, f. De- I. 3 + /imztare to bound, /imes,
Jimit-em boundary, limit.) ¢ravs. ‘To mark or de-
termine the limits of; to define, as a limit or
boundary.
1852 GLapstoni Glean. IV. v. 144 Other nations are to
delimit for themselves the possessions and status of the
clergy. 1885 77wes 10 Apr. g The question of delimiting
the Russo-Afghan frontier,
Delimitate (d/li-miteit), v.
L. délimitare: see prec.] =prec.
1884 Wanch, Exant. 3 Dec. 5/5 The territory of the Asso-
ciation as delimitated on an appended map. 1891 7 Vas 18
Alay, The Commjssion to delimitate the frontier between
3urmah and Siam. ane ,
Delimitation (d/limité-fan. [a. F. dedimi-
tation (1773 in Hatzf.), n. of action from dédimzter
to Detimir.] The action of delimiting ; the fact
of being delimited; determination of a limit or
boundary ; esf. of the frontier of a territory.
1836 Sir H. ‘Vaytor Statesman xvi. 116 The delimitation of
those bounds within which a statesman’s dispensation should
be confined. 1868 Giapstone Fuv. Mundi iv. (1869) 110
They [territorial names] came to signify districts of fixed and
known delimitation, 1884 Leeds Alercury 13 Mar., The de-
limitation of the frontier of ‘Turkestan and Kashgar.
Delimitative (d/li'miteitiv), a. [f. délimitat.,
ppl. stem of dé/imétare to DELIMIT + -IVE.] Hay-
ing the function of delimitation.
1887 Sfectator 3 Sept. 1171 A Delimitative Commission is
to mark out the frontier.
Delimitize: see De- II. 1.
+Deline, v. Os. Also 6 delyne. [ad. L.
délinea-re : see DELINEATE. Cf. ALINE v., and mod.
F. délinéer (Littré).] trans. To mark out by lines ;
to outline, sketch; = DELINEATE v. 1, 2.
1589 Ive Fortif. 36 Proceede as in the delyning of a bul-
warke. a1734 Nortu Exam. (1740) 523 A certain Plan
had been delined out for a farther Proceeding.
Delineable (délinzab’l), a. rare. [f. L. de-
linea-re to DELINEATE: see -BLE.] Capable of
being delineated.
1661 Fertuam Resolves, Lusoria, etc. Lett. xvii. 85 In
either Vision there is something not delineable,
i.
+ Delineament (d/litnzjamént). Ods.
déelined-re: see -MENT ; cf. /ineament.] ‘The action
of delineating, or an instance of this; delinea-
tion.
1593 Nasne Christ’s T. (1613) 57 The delineament of
wretchednesse. 1612 SELDEN Drayton's Poly-olb. xi. Notes
181 For similitude of delineaments and composture. 16:
H. More Antid, Ath, 1. v. (1712) 52 The more rude an
careless strokes and delineaments of Divine Providence.
Delineate, f//. a. arch. or poetic. [ad. L.
délineat-us, pa. pple. of délinedre: see next.] De-
lineated; traced out, portrayed, described, etc.
(Also used as a participle.)
1596 Edw. //J, 1. ii. 27 Still do I see in him delineate His
mother’s visage. TorseLt Four, Beasts (1658) 247
Such an even and delineate proportion. 1619 BainsripGE
Descr. late Comet 11 That forme which. .is delineate in the
planispheare. 1773 J. Ross Fratricide v. 508 (MS.) But
where’s the Muse can give delineate life To heavenly Thyrsa.
1848 Baitey Festus Proem (ed. 3) 7/1 And for the soul of
man delineate here. f %
21* -2
[f as prec. + -NESS.]
[f. ppl. stem of
DELINEATE.
Delineate (délinz,e't), v. Also 6 delineat,
6-7 deliniat(e. [f. ppl. stem of L. dé/inedre to
outline, sketch out, f. De- I. 3 + dimeare to draw
lines, Zimea line: cf. depict, describe.)
1. trans. To trace out by lines, trace the outline
of, as on a chart or map.
1 W. Cunnincuam Cosmogr. Glasse 6 Geographie does
deliniat, and set out the universal earth. 1612 YTON
Poly-olb. Ab, The Map, lively delineating to thee every
mountaine, forrest, river and valley. 1710 BerKELEY Princ,
Hum. Knowl. § 127 When therefore I delineate a triangle
on paper. 1860 Maury Phys. Geog. Sea viii. § Other
currents .. delineated on [the] Plates. 1 R. Witsox
Ch. Lindisf. 6x The exact position is delineated on the
plan. .
2. To trace in outline, sketch out (something to
be constructed) ; to outline; ‘to make the first
draught of? (J.).
1613 R. C. Table Alph. (ed. 3), Delineate, to draw the pro-
portion of any thing. rg iaron Ch. Gout. ii. (1851) 103
..-never intended to leave the government thereof de-
lineated here in such curious architecture to be patch’t after-
wards. 1670 Marvett Corr. cliv. Wks. 1872-5 IL. 338 Not
willing nor prepared to deliniate his whole pro ih 1764
Rew /nguiry vi. § 15. 172, I have eaduavoarel to delineate
such a process. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 394 Our laws
and the whole constitution of our state having been thus
delineated.
3. To represent by a drawing; to draw, por-
tray.
1610 Guittim Heraldry 1. vii. (1660) 130 Plants. .de-
lineated with lims, sprigs, or branches. 1646 Sir‘. Browne
Pseud, Ep. v. xi. 251 With the same reason they may de-
lineate old Nestor like Adonis. 1794 Sutiivan View Nat.
II, They were accused of being Anthropomorphites ; deline-
ating the Almighty as they did with hands, with eyes, and
with feet. 1865 Grote //afo I. i.17 If horses or lions could
paint, they would delineate their gods in form like them-
selves.
4. fig. To portray in words; to describe.
a 1618 RaceiGu (J.), It followeth, to delineate the region
in which God first planted his delightful garden. 1680 J.
Cuambercayne (¢/t/e), Sacred Poem, Wherein the Birth,
Miracles, &c. of the Most Holy Jesus are Delineated.
1791 BosweEtt Fohnson Introd., When I delineate him with-
out reserve. 1868 Netriesuie Browning Introd. 3 Great
as is his power in delineating all human passion.
Hence Deli‘neating v0/. sb.; also attrib.
1603 Drayton Bar. Wars v1. 1x, The Land-skip, Mixture,
and Delineatings. 1823 J. Bancock Dom. Amusemt.142 The
Delineating Ink..for delineating upon stone.
Delineation (d/linz)é'fan). Also 6-7 deli-
niation. [ad. L. déinedtion-em, n. of action f.
délinedre, to DELINEATE. So in F, (Pare, 16th c.).]
The action or product of delineating.
1. The action of tracing out something by lines;
the drawing of a diagram, geometrical figure, cte. ;
concr. a drawing, diagram, or figure.
1570 Bittincstey Euclid 1. ii. 11 Whereupon follow diuers
delineations and constructions. 1589 Putrennam Lug.
Poesie ut. iv. (Arb.) 159 Declination, delineation, dimention.
are scholasticall termes in deede, and yet very proper. 1646
Sik T. Browne Pseud. /:f. v1, viii. 314 In the deliniations of |
many Maps of Africa, the River Niger exceedeth it about
ten degrees in length. 1774 J. Bryant M/ythol. 11. 234 The
delineations of the sphere fave by the Greeks. .been greatly
abused. 1811 Pinkerton Petrad. I. 335 There are generally
several colours together, and these are arranged in striped,
dotted, and clouded delineations.
2. The action of tracing in outline something to
be constructed ; a sketch, outline, plan, rough draft.
Usually fig.
158 Marsrcx Bk. of Notes 939 Painters..when they in-
tend to paint a King, first draw out the proportion upon a
table..a man may by that deliniation. .easel rceiue that
the Image of a King is there painted. 1 Cupwogtu
Intell, Syst. 132 In the Seed is conteined the Whole De-
lineation of the Future man. 1722 Wottaston Relig. Nat.
6, I call it only a Delineation, or rude draught. 1853
Marspen Early Purit. 92 Cartwright’'s bold assertion, that
the New Testament contains the exact delineation of a
Christian church.
3. The action or manner of representing an object
by a drawing or design; pictorial representation,
portraiture ; concr. a portrait, likeness, picture.
1594 Carew Huarte's Exam, Wits (1616) 90 If with a bad
pensill he draw ill fauoured shapes, and of delineation.
1615 Crookes Body of Man 17 If Galen would not haue
Plants and Hearbes painted. .how would hee haue endured
the delineation of the parts of our body? 1801 Srrurr
Sports & Past. 1. i. 12 This delineation ..taken from a
manuscript and illuminated early in the fourteenth century.
1831 Brewster Nat. Magic iv. (1833) 86 We shall have
phantasms of the most perfect delineation,
4. The action of portraying in words.
164
Delineator (d/li'néjeito1). [agent-n. in L. form
from délineare to DELINEATE.
1. One who delineates, sketches, or depicts.
1782 V. Knox £ss. 52 (R.) We are d to exclai:
DELIQUESCE.
straight In pious , the two delinquents teare?
Baker tr. Sadnets tt. (1654) IL. u. 61 When the pie
i the judge. 1709 Sreete &
= concurs in opinion wit!
wirt Tatler No. 74 ? 10 Where Crimes are enormous, the
Deli deserves little Pity. 1836 H, CoLeripGEe North.
with a modern delineator of characters, ‘ Alas, poor human
nature’, 1815 W. H. Irevann Scribdleomania 202 An un-
biassed delineator of facts. 1865 Wricut Hist. Caricature
vi. (1875) 100 The mediaeval artists in general were not very
good delineators of form. .
2. An instrument for kracing outing
1774 Specif. W. Storer’s Patent No, 1183 An optical In-
strument or accurate delineator. 1844 Civ. Eng. & Archit.
Frul. VU. 237 A profile delineator .. Impro in ap-
paratus for phtaiioe the profile of various forms or figures.
Delineatory (d/linzjatari), a. [f. as prec.:
see -oRY.] Belonging to delineation; descriptive.
1834 H. O'Brien Round Towers Ireland 129, 1 have
traced from the Irish. .its delineatory name.
Delineatress (déli:nizi‘trés). rare. [f. De-
LINEATOR: see -ESS.] A female delineator.
1876 Daily News 22 Aug. 3 Madame Materna, the de-
lineatress of Briinnhilda.
+Delineature. 0s. [f. ppl. stem of L. dé-
Jinedre +-UkE.] Delineation ; description.
1611 Cotcr., Delineature, the same [as Delineation]; or,
a delineature. 1635 Bratuwait Arcad. Pr. 1. 93 In the
delineature of those features. 1659 A. Lovepay in X. Love-
day’s Lett, (1663) A vj a, Without any other additional de-
lineature,
+ Deliniment. Ods.
f. délin-, délénire.]
3727 Baitey vol. I], Deliniment, a mitigating or asswaging.
+ Delini‘tion. Ods. rare—'. [irreg. f. L. dé-
linére to besmear (ppl. stem délit-): see -TION.]
The action of smearing.
1664 H. More J/yst. /nig. xviii. 68 The Delinition also of
the Infant’s Ears and Nostrils with the Spittle of the Priest.
+ Delinque, v. Oés. rare—2, [ad. L. délin-
gu-ére to fail, be lacking, be at fault, offend, f. De-
I. 3+dingucre to leave: so F. délingue-r (15th c.
in Littré).] (See quot.)
1623 CockERAM 11., To Leaue, delingue.
+ Delinquence. Oés. [ad. L. délinguentia
(Tertullian), f. délinguent-em, DELINQUENT a.:
see -ENCE.] The fact of being a delinquent; cul-
pable failure in duty.
1682 Address fr. Hereford in Lond.Gaz. No.1695/1 Prayers
..and.. Vows of Allegiance. .are the best Offerings we have
to attone Heaven for our Delinqnence. 1779-81 Jonson
L. P., Pope Wks. 1V. 103 All his delinquences observed and
aggravated. 1832 Blackw. Mag. XXXI. 390 Rights .. are
to be sacrificed without either proved delinquence or tendered
compensation, ;
Delinquency ((/linkwensi). [f. as prec. : see
-ENCY.
1. The condition or quality of being a delinquent ;
failure in or neglect of duty; more generally, vio-
lation of duty or right; the condition of being
guilty, guilt.
1648 Articles of Peace xxvii. in Milton's Wks. (1851) IL.,
In case of Refractorics or Delinquency, [they] may distrain
and imprison, and cause such Delinquents to be distrained
and imprisoned, «1661 Futter Worthies (1840) III. 80
Such as compounded for their reputed delinquency in our
late civil wars. 1751 Smotterr Per. Pic. (1779) II. 1. 112
‘They were old offenders in the same degree of delinquency.
1754 RicHarpson Grandison (1781) IL. xxviii. 256, | know
not any act of delinquency she has committed, 1892 Sir
H.H. Lores in Law Times Rep. UXVII. 142/1 There must
be moral delinquency on the part of the person proceeded
against. —
b. (with A/.) An act of delinquency; a fault, sin
of omission ; an offence, misdeed.
1636 G. Sanvys Paraphr. Fob (J.), Can Thy years deter-
mine like the age of man That thou should'st my delin-
uencies exquire? 1651 G. W. tr. Cowel’s /nst. 209 From
these Delinquencies proceed greater crimes. 1854 EMERSON
Lett. § Soc. Aims, Comic Wks. (Bohn) III. 205 The yawnin
delinquencies of practice. 1876 Grant Burgh Sch. Scotl.
u. Vv. 175 If delinquencies be committed in the playground,
they may be reported to the masters.
Delinquent gk Jaaprse” a. and sb. [ad. L.
délinguent-em, pr. pple. of délinguére: see DE-
LINQUE and -ENT. Caxton used a form in -aunt, a.
F. délinguant, pr. pple. of délinguer.]
A. adj. Failing in, or neglectful of, a duty or
obligation; defaulting; faulty; “more generally,
guilty of ¢ misdeed or offence.
1603 Hottann Plutarch's Mor. 93 Having offended or
being delinquent in =r duetie. 1611 Speep Hist. Gt. Brit.
1x. viii. (1632) 562 Whensoeuer one Prince is delinquent
against another. a 1640 J. Batt. Answ. to Cas 1. (1642) 26
[ad. L. déliniment-um,
1603 Danie. Def. Rhime (1717) 19 In these Deli
of Men. — - More Myst. nig. v. 11 Let us begin
then with the delineation of the first member of this hideous
Mystery. 1781 Cowrer Lett, 10 Oct., My delineations of
the heart are from my own experience. 1870 Emerson Soc.
§ Solit., Bks. Wks. (Bohn) III, 82 Xenophon's delineation
of Athenian manners.
+5. Lineal descent or derivation. Ods. rare. _
1606 G. W[oovcocke] tr. //ist, Justine 69b From = by
order of delineation and rightfull succession, the kingdom
discended to Arimba,
Delineative (d/li-nz,-tiv), a.
L., délinedre to DELINEATE + -IVE.]
delineation ; tending to delineate.
1892 CLerxe Fam. Studies Homer x. 276 The delineative
inlaying of the Shield of Achilles.
[f. ppl. stem of
Pertaining to
The M ie may be lawfull, though in many particu!
delinquent and deficient. 1709 Sacneverett Serm. 15 Aug.
4 He stands delinquent. 1824 W. Irvinc 7. 7'rav. 1. 276
A delinguent school-boy, 1891 Daily News 5 Feb. 5/4 What
are ‘ delinquent parishes’?..parishes that have a provoking
habit of neglecting to hand over the sums that are due from
them on account of the relief of the poor.
b. ¢ransf. Of or pertaining to a delinquent.
1657 Burton's Diary (1828) 11. 129 A purchaser of this or
= other delinquent lands. 1889 Bruce Plant. Negro 218
Sold out by the public auctioneer for delinquent taxes.
B. sb, 1, One who fails in duty or obligation, a
defaulter ; more generally, one guilty of an offence
against the law, an offender.
1484 Caxton Chit 34 To punysshe the t and
delynquaunts. 1605 Suaks. J/acb, 1. vi. 12 Dit he not
Worthies (1852) I. 50 Severe p tion of 7!
1865 Livincstone Zambesi xx. 410 This deliberation how-
ever gave the deling’ ach of escap
2. Eng. Hist. A name applied by the Parlia-
mentary to those who assisted Charles I or
Charles II, by arms, money, or personal service,
in levying war, 1642-1660.
The term was exhaustively defined by an Order of 27
March, 1643. As it practically included all Royalists, it
became in common parlance almost synonymous with
Cavalier.
1643 Ordinance of Parit. April 1 Preamb., That the estates
of such notorious Delinquents, as have been the causes or
Instruments of the publick calamiti should be converted
and aj yed towards the su: ion of the great charges
of the Commonwealth. c1643 Ballad‘ A Mad World’ in
The — 1. (1662) 48 A Monster now Delinquent term'd
He is dec to be, And that his lands, as well as goods,
Sequestered ought to be. 1647 Crarenvon //ist. Red. m1.
(1702) I, 212 Hereupon, they [the Ci ] call’d whom
they pleased, Delinquents. 1648 D. Jenkins Wks. 7 A De-
ling is he who adhears to the Kings Enemies; Com.
Sur. Litil. 261. This shewes who are delinquents.
Moral State Eng. 21 The bleeding estates of unhappy de-
linquents. 1761-2 Hume “ist. Eng. (1806) IV. liv. 169.
Delinquently, adv. rare-°. ee prec. + -LY2,]
In a delinquent manner ; so as to fail in duty.
1864 in WeBsTER. : -
+ Delinquish, v. Obs. [f. L. délinguére (see
Devinque), after reHinguish. (OF. had a rare dé-
linguir = délinguer: so Pr. and Sp. delinguir.)}
intr. To fail in duty or obligation ; to be guilty of
a delinquency.
1606 J. Kine 4th Serm. Hampton Crt. 13 Must all be re-
moued.. because some had delinquished ? ‘
+ Delinquishment. (és. [f. prec. +-mENnT.]
1. Failure in duty ; a fault, offence, delinquency.
1593 Nasne Christ's T. 23a, Thou shalt be my, vninno-
cence, and whole of delinquish Fi . ADAMS
Exp. 2 Peter ii, 1 Suffering for our delinquishments.
2. =RELINQUISHMENT. (bombastic nonce-tse.)
1603 Diexxer Grissil (Shaks. Soc.) 21 Though to my discon-
solation, I will oblivionize my love to the Welsh widow, and
do here proclaim my delinquishment.
+ De'liquate, v. Chem. Obs. [f. ppl. stem of
L. déligua-re trans. to clear off, clarify (a liquid),
f. Dr- I. 3 + igudre to liquefy, melt, dissolve.]
1. ¢rvans. To dissolve (in a liquid), melt down.
1673 Ray Yourn. Low C. 273 It seemed. .to have a mixture
of Sulphur and fixt salt deliquated in it.
2. intr. To deliquesce.
es Bove Contn. New Exp. 1. (1682) 37, 1 caused an un-
usual Brine to be made, by suffering Sea-salt to deliquate in
the moist air. 1680 — £.2f. Chem. Princ... 5 Salt of Tartar
left in moist Cellars to deliquate. 1800 Med. rnd. 1V. 373
A salt crystallized in small needles, easily deliquating.
Hence De‘liquated ///. a. ~
1675 Evetyn Jerra (1729) 9 Precipitat iquated
out Tartar. 1691 Ray Creation 1. (1704) ao Oil of Vasl
and deliquated Salt of Tartar. “
+ ua‘tion. Oés. [n. of action f. prec. :
see -ATION.] The process of deliquating; deli-
quescence.
1612 WoopaL Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 264 Sometimes
digestion iful is, and deliquation too, did. 270 Deli-
quation is the liquation of a concrete (as salt, powder cal-
cined, &c.) set in an humid and frigid .. that it flow,
having a watery form. 1657 in Phys. Dict,
+ Deli‘que. Oés. rare. [ad. L. déliguium: see
below; cf. ve/igue.] = Deviquium! 1; failure.
1645 Rutnerrorp 7ryal & Tri. Faith (1845) 71 It cometh
from a delique in the affections .. that is a swooning
and delique of words, thay
uesce (delikwe's), v. [ad. L. déliguésc-
ére to melt away, dissolve, disappear, f. Dr- I. 3 +
liquéscére to become liquid, melt, inceptive of
— to be liquid, clear, etc.] intr.
. Chem. To melt or become liquid by absorbing
moisture from the air, as certain salts,
1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters 1. 14 They attract the humidity
of the air, and deliquesce, or run liquid. 1780 PAil. Trans.
LXX. 349 This pot-ash .. deliquesces a little in moist air.
1876 Pace Add. Text-bk. Geol. xvi. 299 Pure chi
ium is not liable to deliquesce.
b. Biol. To liquefy or melt away, as some parts
of fungi or other plants of low organization, in the
process of growth or of decay. ;
836-9 Topp Cycl. Anat. II. (The brain's] disposition
tod liq: mt a posed to the air, 1872 Oxiver Elem.
Bot. u. 292 [Fungi] often deliq when 1882
Vines Sachs’ Bot. 272 Zoogonidia which are set free
by the wall of the mother-cell becoming gelatinous and
deliquescing. é
2. gen. To melt away (/it. and fig.). (Mostly
humorous Es affected.) seh pre
oO. W. Aut. hot. xi. 2 ve
ine several Sar emnanh eubas bi. vocabulary
had deliquesced into some half dozen ——- 1860 —
Elsie V. 107 Undue appreh - y to de-
liquesce and resolve itself .. into of creamy fluid.
me Jowerr Plato I. 436 If while the man is alive the body
deliquesces and Lys.
Hence Delique'scing vé/. sd. a a.
1791 Phil. Trans. LXXXI. 330 Some of the deliquescing
part of the mass. ’
DELIQUESCENCE.
Deliquescence (delikwe'séns). [f, Detiques-
CENT: see *ENCE. (So mod.F. 1792 in Hatzf.)]
The process of deliquescing or melting away; es.
the melting or liquefying of a salt by absorption of
moisture from the air.
1800 Henry Zit. Chem. (1808) 118 This change is termed
deliquescence. 1839-47 Topp Cyc/. Anat. III. 503/2 The
nucleated cells .. gradually disappear by a kind of solution
or deliquescence, 1863 Hawtuorne Our Old Hone (1883)
I. 259 The English .. hurry to the seaside with red, per-
spiring faces, in a state of combustion and deliquescence.
Jig. 1881 Spectator 19 Mar. 373 ‘The deliquescence .. of
beliefs. Are
b. concr. The liquid or solution resulting from
this process.
1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters 1, 148 This deliquescence or
solution always has an acrid taste. 1860 O. W. Ho_mes
Poems, De Sauty, Drops of deliquescence glistened on his
forehead. :
Deliquescency (delikwe'sénsi). rare. [f. as
prec. +-ENCy.] The quality of being deliquescent ;
tendency to deliquesce.
1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters 11. 42 Some attribute this de-
liquescency of salt to the redundance of an alcali, 1860
Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. v1. vii. § 3. 53+
Deliquescent (delikwe'sént), a. [mod.ad. L,
deliquéscent-em, pr. pple. of déliguéscére to DELI-
QuEscE. So in mod.F, (1783 in Hatzf.).]
1. Chem. That deliquesces; having the property
of melting or becoming liquid by absorption of
moisture from the air.
179% Edin. New Disp. 381 Mild fixed alkali is. .consider-
ably deliquescent. 1812-6 J. Smitu Panorama Sc. § Art
II. 482 A salt is deliquescent, when it has a greater attrac-
tion for water than the air, as it will in that case take water
from the air. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. iv. (1873) 66 Those
salts answer best for preserving cheese which contain most
of the deliquescent chlorides.
2. a. Biol. Melting away in the process of growth
or of decay : see DELIQUESCE I b.
1874 Cooke Fungi 28 It is very difficult to observe the
structure of the hymenium, on account of its deliquescent
nature,
b. ot. Branching in such a way that the main
stem or axis is, as it were, dissolved in ramifications.
1866 7reas. Bot., Deliquescent ..as the head of an oak
tree. 1880 Gray Struct. Bot. iii. § 3. 49 Thus the trunk is
on into branches, or is deliquescent, as in the White
im.
3. humorously. Dissolving (in perspiration),
, 1837 Syp. Smitu Let, Singleton Wks. 185911. 294/1 Strid-
ing over the stiles to Church, with a second-rate wife—dusty
and deliquescent—and four parochial children, full of cate-
chism and bread and butter. @1876 M. Coruns Pen
Sketches 1. 180 The dusty and deliquescent pedestrian.
+ Deli‘quiate, v. Chem. Obs. [irreg. f. L.
déliquaére (DELIQUATE), or f. DELIQUIUM?.] intr.
= DELIQUATE 2, DELIQUESCEs
1782 WevGwoop in Phil. Trans. LXX. 323 No crystal-
lization was formed: the dry salt..deliquiated in the air.
1810 Henry Elem. Chem. (1840) II. 397 Urea. .deliquiates,
when exposed to the air, into a thick brown liquid. 1854 J.
ScorFern in Orr’s Circ. Sc..Chem. 14 Other salts .. become
liquid, or deliguiate.
+ Deliquiation. 0ds.
prec.] = DELIQUESCENCE.
1782 Wepcwoop in PA7l. Trans. LXX. 324 A salt..which
--would have crystallized long before the alkali became dry,
orr ined after its deliquiation -
+ Deliquity. Os. [f. L. déligu-us lacking,
wanting + -11¥: cf. ob/iguzty.] Delinquency, guilt.
1692 Christ Exalted § 158 Christ..hath infinitely more
ae than our sins have of Deliquity or Malignity in
them.
Daan 1 (dflikwidm). arch. [L. aéli-
quium failure, want, f. délingudre (déligu-): sce
Dexingut, Dexicr, and cf. DELique.]
1. Failure of the vital powers ; a swoon, fainting
fit. Also fig.
(1s97 J. Kine Ox Yonas (1864) 180(Stanf.) His soul forsook
him, as it were, and there was deliguium animez.] .1621
Burton Anat. Mel. 1. iii.t. ii, He. .carries Bisket, Aquavit,
or some strong waters about him, for fear of deliquiums.
1681 GLANVILL Sadducismus 14 Strange things men report
to have seen during those Deliquiums. 1746 Brit. Mag.
1oz2 He..was seiz’d with a sudden Deliquium. 1867 Car-
LYLE RKemin, (1881) II, 10 Jeffrey. . bewildered the poor jury
into temporary deliquium or loss of wits.
+2. A failure of light, as in an eclipse. Ods.
1647 CrasHaw Poems 160 Forcing his sometimes eclipsed
face to be A long deliquium to the light of thee. 1663 J.
Srencer Prodigies (1665) 5 The strange deliquium of Light
in the Sun about the death of Cesar. 1671 SHADWELL
Fe ange mt. 33, I have suffer’d a Deliguium, viz. an
clipse. « ;
3. Confused with DeLiquium 2, as if = melting
away, or state of having melted away: usually SE
az1711 Ken Psyche Poet. Wks. 1721 IV. 281 Her Pow'rs in
Liquefaction soft exhal’d, She into amorous Deliquium falls.
1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev, (1857) I. 1. vu. viii. 212 The As-
sembly melts, under such pressure, into deliquium ; or, as it
is officially called, adjourns. 1858 — /’redk. Gt. (1865) I.1v.
vy. 312 Stalwart sentries were found melted into actual de-
liquium of swooning. J
+Deli-quium 2, Ods. [L. déliguium flowing
down, dropping down, f. déligudre; see DELI-
QUATE.] = DELIQUESCENCE,
1641 Frencu Distil/. i. (1651) 9 Delifuium, is the dissolv-
ing of a hard body into a liquor,as salt .. in a moist, cold
[n. of action from
165
place. 1654 Wutttock Zootomia 407 Death is a pre-
paring Deliquium, or melting us down into a Menstruum,
fit for the Chymistry of the Resurrection to work on. se
51 Cuampers Cyc/. s. v., Salt of tartar, or any fixed alcali,
set in a cellar..runs, into a kind of liquor, called by the
chymists, oil of tartar Jer deliguinm, 1823 J. Bavcock
Dom, Amusem. 46 As much hot oil of tartar, per deliquium,
as will saturate the acid.
Deliracy (d/litrasi). rare. [f. DeLiRATE: cf.
accuracy, piracy, and sce -Acy.] Subjection to de-
lirium: cf, DELIRANCY.
a Soutney Bh. of Ch. (1841) 543 By lunacy, deliracy, or
apathy.
Delirament (délitramént). Now sare. [ad.
L. délirdment-um, f. délirdre: see DELIRE v., and
-MENT.] Raving, frenzy, insanity ; a craze.
c1440 CarGrave Life St. Kath. wv. 1421 Vhat thei calle
feith, we calle delirament. 1560 Rotiann Crt. Venus ui.
593 He was deiect be daft delyrament. 1605 Bett Motives
conc. Romish Faith Pref. 12 ‘These and like popish delira-
ments. 1856 Ferrier /vst. Metaph, vu. v. 229 Some of the
fashionable deliraments of the day, suchas clairvoyance and
- Spirit-rapping.
+ Delitrancy. 0ds. [f. Deviant or L. devi-
rant-em, corresponding to L. type *délirdntia: see
-Ancy.] Raving, frenzy, madness.
1659 GAuDEN Tears 208 A Manichean dotage and deli-
rancy seiseth upon them. 1678 Cupwortn /utel/. Syst. 1.
v. 69t This attempt of his was no other than a plain, Deli-
rancy, or Atheistick Phrenzy in him, @1734 Nort Lives
(1890) III. 144 This was a sort of delirancy.
Delirant (déloivrant), a. and sd. [ad. L. a.
lirant-em, pr. pple. of délirare (see DELIRE v.), or
a corresponding F, dédérant (18th c. in Hatzf.), pr.
pple. of délirer.] 7
+ A. adj. Raving, mad, insane. Ods.
1600 Lonce in Englands Helicon Db, Age makes silly
swaines delirant, 1681 GLANVILL Sadducismus 1. (1726) 66
What can be imagined more delirant and more remote from
common sense? /éid. 71 This Man .. is either delirant and
crazed, or else plays Tricks.
B. sb. Aled, = DELIRIFACIENT.
1872 Tanner's Mem. Poison Pref. (ed. 3) 8 Neurotics : sub-
divided into Narcotics, Anzsthetics, Inebriants, Delirants
[etc.].
+ Delirate, v. Obs. rare —'.
L. délirdre: see DELIRE v. and -ATE 3,]
=DELIRIATE. Db. tty. = DELIRE 2.
lirrating Af/. a.
1603 HotLanp Plutarch's Mor. i. 393 (L.) They say it
[ivy] hath an infatuating and delirating spirit in it. 1623
CockEram, Delirate, to dote. :
Deliration (deliréi‘fon). [ad. L. déliration-em,
n. of action from délirare: see DELIRE v.]
1. Delirium, aberration of mind; frenzy, madness.
1600 /Losp. Inc. Fooles 9 Deliration is oftentimes a Symp-
tome..of an feuer. /déd. 10 Frensie being a far more violent
infirmitie than deliration or dotage. 1668 H. More Div.
Dial, u. xiv. (1713) 132 As idely as those that pill Straws or
tie knots on Rushes in a fit of Deliration or Lunacy. 1840
Cartyte Heroes v. (1858) 323 An earnestness. Punitite .drove
him into the strangest incoherences, almost delirations.
1855 Miss A. Mannina O. Chelsea Bun-house iii.*45 Her
Deliration incessantly finding Vent in an incoherent Babble.
+b. A rendering delirious or temporarily insane.
1656 H. More Enthus. Tri, (1712) 19 The Effect is the
deliration of the party after he awakes, for he takes his
Dreams for. .real ‘Transactions.
2. fig. Wildly absurd behaviour or speech, as if
arising from aberration of mind.
_ 1603 Harsnet Pop. Imfpost. 27 What a Deliration is this
in our graue, learned and famous College of.. Physicians !
1678 Cupwortn /xfed/, Syst. 848 The many atheistick hal-
lucinations or delirations concerning it [cogitation]. 182
a. tras.
Hence De-
[f. ppl. stem of |
New Monthly Mag. IU. 123 'The bombastic deliration of |
Lee’s tragedy. 1860 Emerson Cond. Life, Worship 122 In
creeds never was such levity: witness..the periodic ‘re-
vivals’..the deliration of rappings.
+ Delire, v. Obs. [ad. L. délirare to be de-
ranged, crazy, out of one’s wits, orig. to go out of
the furrow, to deviate from the straight, go off; f.
De- I. 2 + diva ridge, furrow, in ploughing ; with
sense 2 cf. F. délirer (in Rabelais, 16th c.) ‘to
doat, rave, do things against reason’ (Cotgr.).]
1. intr. To go astray, go wrong, err.
a@ 1400 Cov. Myst. (1841) 204 God wyl be vengyd on man..
That wyl nevyr be schrevyn, but evyrmore doth delyre.
1560 Rotianp Crt. Venus 11. 339 Sa peirt for to delyre Fra
Venus Court, or thairfra for to gyre? 1633 ‘I’. Apams Exp.
2 Peter ii. 5 He repents not as man does, for he cannot de-
lire and err as man does. :
2. To go astray from reason ; to wander in mind,
be delirious or mad, to rave.
Hence Deliring A//. a.
1600 Hosp. Inc. Fooles 10 Franticke and deliring Fooles..
who .. swarue from all sense. x632 Quartes Div. Fancies
1v. xv, How fresh bloud dotes ! O how green Youth delires !
etn Burtnocce Causa Dei 196 He delires, and is out of
his Wits, that would preferr it [moonlight] before the Sun
by Day.
+Delirement. Oés. [a. obs. F. délirement,
‘a raving or doating’ (Cotgr.), ad. L. delirament-
unt.) = DELIRAMENT.
1613 Heywoop Silver Age 1. i, Thus—thou art here, and
there,—With me, at home, and at one instant both! In vain
are these delirements, and to me Most deeply incredible.
1637 — Dial. iv. Wks. 1874 VI. 179 With fond delirements
let him others charme, 1633 T. Apams Exp, 2 Peter i. 4
This delirement never came into the holy apostles’ minds.
DELIRIUM.
Deliria, occas. pl. of DELIniUM.
Deliriant ((/lrriant), a. and sé. Med. [f. Dr-
LIRIUM: cf. next, and anwsthesiant, etc.]
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Deliriant, having power to produce
delirium. Applied to such drugs as henbane, Indian hemp,
and such like. :
+ Deliriate, v. Ods. [f. L. déliri-um Deui-
RIUM +-ATE3,] ¢rans. To make delirious.
1658 R. Franck North. Alem. (1821) p.iii, Now so gener-
ally and epidemically the kingdom was diseased, that de-
liriated and distracted, they let one another blood. @1g11r
Ken Christophil Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 478 Their Love mis-
plac'd deliriates their Wit.
Delirifacient (déliriféi-fiént), a. and sb. Aled.
[f. L. delirium, DeviniuM, délirdre to be crazy +
Sactent-em making.]
A. adj. Causing or producing delirium,
B. sb. An agent or substance that produces
delirium.
1875 H.C. Woop Therap. (1879) 219 In some ..
acts as a delirifacient.
Delirious (d/li‘rias), a.
-ous.]
1. Affected with delirium, ¢sf. as a result or
symptom of disease ; wandering in mind, light-
headed, temporarily insane.
1706 Swit Death of Partridge, Vhe people. .said, he had
been for some time delirious; but when I saw him, he had
his understanding as well as ever I knew. 1751 Jounson
Rambler No. 153 #11 He caught a fever..of which he died
delirious on the third day. 1804 ABERNETHY Sarg. Obs. 175
He had gradually become delirious, and. .could rcely be
kept in bed, 1871 Str ‘T. Watson Princ. Physic (ed. 5) I,
xviii, 350 ‘The patient, complaining probably of his head,
becomes all at once and furiously delirious. .
b. Belonging to or characteristic of delirium.
1703 J. Locan in 7a. /ist. Soc. Mem. 1X.188 In what he
has wrote to-day one paragraph may appear almost de-
lirious. 1809 Aled. Frnd. XXII. 435 March 25th. .‘The whole
of this day he has talked quite incoherently. .March 26th.
‘The same delirious manner has continued all this day. 1874
Carrenter A/ent. Phys. 1. i. § 7 (1879) 8 The delirious
ravings of Intoxication or of Fever, /.
2. dransf. and fig. a. Characterized by wild ex-
citement or symptoms resembling those of delirium ;
frantic, crazed, ‘mad’,
1791 Cowper /7iad xv. 156 Frantic, delirious ! thou art
lost for ever! 1829 I. Taytor Exthus. iv. (1867) 77 ‘The
delirious bigot who burns with ambition to render himself
the enemy ..ofthe Church, 1855 Brimiey “ss., 7ennyson
76 Snatches of song that make the world delirious with
delight. : ;
b. Of things, actions, etc.
1599 Broughton’s Lett. iti, 13 You. .charge the High com-
mission of Atheisme, for calling you to account for your
delirious doctrine. 1818 Byron CA. //ar. iv. Ixx, How the
giant element From rock to rock leaps with delirious bound,
1858 CarLyLe /redh. Gt. (1865) I. 1. vi. 87 ‘The delirious
screech. .of a railway train,
Deliriously, a/v. [f. prec. + -1y¥2.] Ina
delirious manner ; madly, frantically.
1820 Byron War. Fal... i.240 The plague Which sweeps
the soul deliriously from life! 1863 E. C. Clayton Quevus
of Song I. 380 They were deliriously dancing, shouting,
singing..with the most hilarious gaiety.
Deli-riousness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.] The
state of being delirious; delirium.
1779-81 Jounson L. P., Pope Wks. IV. 86 Pope, at the
intermission of his deliriousness, was always saying some-
thing kind. .of his..friends, 1782 HeBerDEN Comment. xii,
Giddiness, forgetfulness, slight deliriousness. 1855 SINGLE-
ton Virgil I. 268 What such intense deliriousness ?
Delirium (délitrijm). Pl. deliriums, -ia.
[a. L. delirium (Celsus), madness, derangement,
deriv. of délirdre to be deranged : see DELIRE v.]
1. A disordered state of the mental faculties re-
sulting from disturbance of the functions of the
brain, and characterized by incoherent speech, hal-
lucinations, restlessness, and frenzied or maniacal
excitement.
1599 Broughton’s Lett. xii. 42 It is but the franticke de-
dirium of one, whose pride hath made him ¢pevanarav.
1656 Rinctey Pract. Physick 143 ‘The signs are a weak
Pulse..delirium. 1670 Corton Esfernon ut, xi. 648 His
Deliriums had far longer intervals than before. 1707 FLoyer
Physic. Pulse-Watch 357 The Delisia and Melancholic
Fevers are indicated by this Pulse. 1756 Burke Sud. §& B.
Introd. Wks. I. 103 Opium is pleasing to Turks, on account
of the agreeable delirium it produces. 1840 Dickens O/d
C. Shop xi, In a raging fever accompanied with delirium.
1871 Sir T. Watson Princ. Physic ag 5) I. xviii. 360 ‘The
delirium you will generally find to be not a fierce or mis-
chievous delirium, but a busy delirium. :
2. fig. Uncontrollable excitement or emotion, as
of a delirious person; frenzied rapture ; wildly
absurd thought or speech,
1650 Howe Lt Masanielio 1. 126 He had broken out into
a thousand delirium’s and fooleries. 1709 STEELE 7atler
No. 125 P 10 Any Free-thinker whom they shall find publish-
ing his Deliriums. 1791-1823 D’Israeti Cur, Lit. (1866) 2/1
Testimonies of men of letters of the pleasurable delirium
of their researches. 1836 W. Irvinc Astoria II. 225 He
jumped up, sh d, clapped his hands, and danced in a de-
Jirium of joy, until he upset the canoe. 1879 Gro. Exior
Theo. Such xiv. 254 The gorgeous delirium of gladiatorial
shows.
Delirium tremens (d/li‘rim tri*menz). [mod.
Medical Lat. =trembling or quaking delirium.] A
species of delirium induced by excessive indulgence
morphia
[fh L. delirt-um +
DELIROUS,
in alcoholic liquors, and characterized by tremblings
and various delusions of the senses.
‘The term was introduced by Dr. Sutton, in 1813, for that
form of delirium which is rendered worse by bleeding, but
-
166
1684 T. Hockin God's Decrees 212 The yertue of those
means..may be long delitescent, and lye hid. 1836-7 Six
W. Hamitton Metaph, xxx. (1870) I. 213 The immense
proportion of our intel i of our
uent writers it
has been almost exclusively applied to delirium resulting
from the abuse of alcohol.’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.)
1813 T. Sutton (¢/t/e), Tracts on Delirium Tremens, etc.,
etc, 1865 Tytor Early Hist. Man. i. 6 The fiends which
torment the victim of delirium tremens.
Jig. 1832 Blackw. ate: Jan. 123/2 The delirium tremens
of radicalism, in which the unhappy patient. .imagines him-
self haunted by a thousand devils, who are not only men
but ‘Tories. ~
+ Delirous, a. Ods. [f. L. délir-us doting,
crazy (f. De- I. 2 + diva ridge, furrow : cf. DELIRE)
+-0US.] =DELIRi00s; crazy, raving. ,
1656 H. More Enthus. Tri. (1712) 33 The rampant and
delirous Fancies of..Paracelsus. @ 1687 /did. 54 ‘They that
deny this true Enthusiasm, do confirm those wild delirous
Fanaticks in their false Enthusiasm. 1673 Ray Yourn. Low
C. 144 We observed in these Countries more Idiots\and de-
lirous persons than anywhere else. 1722 Phil. Trans.
XXXII. 25 He became delirous with Convulsions.
Hence + Deli‘rousness.
1687 H. More Antid. Ath. ut. ix. Schol. (1712) 174
Many other circumstances have been told me by them ..
without the least species or shadow of delirougness.
+ Deliry. Ods. Pl. -ies, [ad. L. déliri-um
Devirium: cf. ministry.] =DELIRIUM.
improved by opium, By Rayer and su te
1669 Gace Crt. Gentiles 1, 1. ii. 18 The deliries, or dreams |
of the Mythologists, touching their Gods. 1677 /bid. 1. 1
The Deliries or sick Dreams of Origen. 7 =
Delisk, var. of DULSE, a sea-weed.
Delit, earlier form of DELIGHT.
+ Delitability. 0s. In 4 dglitabilite,
dilat-, diletabilte. [ME. a. OF. delitableté, f.
delitable: see next.] Delightfulness, delight.
a1340 Hamrote Psalter Prol., dilatabilte of pis gyft.
Ibid. \xvii. 36 In diletabilte of luf. ¢ 1340 — Prose Tr. 43
Gastely joye and delitabilite.
T Delitable, a. Obs. Also 4 delitabill, -byl 1,
dilitable, diletabile, 4-6 delyt-, 5 delet-, de-
lite-, deleitable, dylitabile. [ME. a. OF. de/zt-
able (delett-, delet-, deliet-), f. delitier to DELIGHT :
cf. DELECTABLE, DELIGHTABLE.] Affording de-
light ; delightful, pleasant, delectable.
¢ 1290 S. Eng. Leg. 1. 220/26 An yle.. pat delitable was
inou. @1340 Hampo.e /sa/ter Cant. 523 Pe notis of luf er
delitabylest in the melody bat sho shewys. 1362 Lanct.
P. Pl. Avi. 32 Dreede dilitable drinke. ¢1386 Cuaucer
Clerk's T.6 Wher many a tour and toun thou maist by-
holde .. And many anothir delitable [v. 7”. de-, dilectable]
sight. c1g00 MaAunvev. (Roxb.) xil. 51 Appels faire of
coloure and delitable to behald. ¢ 1450 Mirour Saluacioun
660 A delitable floure. c 1g00 Lancelot 1738 Thar giftis mot
be fair and delitable. 1500-20 Dunbar Goldyn Varge 120
Ianus, god of entree delytable.
+ Delitably, adv. Ods. [f. prec. + -Ly *.]
In a ‘delitable’ manner; delightfully, pleasantly.
¢1340 Hamro.e Prose Tr. 18 Pe name sowunes in his herte
delitably as it were a saunge. c¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth, w. i.
108 Whanne philosophie hadde songen softly and delitably
pe forseide binges. ¢ 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vt. v. 56 He wes
. festyd oft delytably. 1450-1530 M/y77. our Ladye 210 He
abydeth, ,delytablely with desyre.
+ Delite, sd. Ods. [A derivative, or expansion,
of Lire sé., in same sense.] Delay.
1300 Cursor M. 5790 (Gott.) Par-to sal be na lang dilite
[Coft. lite, Zrin. delay]. ¢ 1340 /bid. 6679 (Fairf.) Dey pai
salle wip-out delite (Cott. lite, xée quite, quitte].
+ Delite, a. Ols.rare. In 5 delyte. [a.OF.
delit delicious.] Delightful.
¢1430 LypG. Hors, Shepe § G. 3 This pascalle Lambe
with-owte spott. .pis lambe moste delyte.
Delite, the earlier form of DELIGHT.
Delitescence (delite-séns). [f. DELITEScENT:
see -ENCE. (In the medical sense used in F. by
Paré in 16th c.)]
1. The condition of lying hid; latent state, con-
cealment, seclusion.
1776 Jounson Lett. to Mrs. Thrale 22 May, 'To sooth
him into inactivity or delitescence. 1836-7 Sir W. Hamitron
Metaph. xxx. (1870) Il. 213 The obscuration, the delites-
cence of mental activities.
2. Med. a. ‘Term applied to the sudden disap-
arance of inflammation, or of its events, by reso-
ution, no other part of the body being affected.’
b. ‘ The = during which poisons, as those of
rabies and smallpox, remain in the system before
they produce visible symptoms’ (=INcUBATION).
Syd. Soc. Lex.
1835-6 Topp Cyc?. Anat. 1. 513/2 This speedy termination
of the disease has been called by the French writers dedites-
cence. 1877 Ronerts Handbk. Aled. (ed. 3) 1. 46 Resolution
ma take place very quickly, this being termed delitescence.
Delitese . i as prec. : see-ENCY.] a.
The quality of being delitescent. b. =prec. 1.
1696 Aubrey AZisc. Introd. (1857) p. xiii, From 1670 to this
very day..I have enjoyed a happy delitescency. 1805 Pre/-
to Brathwait's Drunken Barnaby (ed. 5), Republishing this
facetious little book after a delitescency of near a hundred
years. 1821 J. L. Avotruus Let. to Heber 8 An extra-
dinary develop of the passion for deli i. ‘i
Delitescent (<elite'sént, d7-), a. [ad. L. dé/i-
téscent-em, pr. pple. of dévitéscére to hide away, f.
De- I. 2 + datascére, inceptive of datére to lie hid.]
Lying hid, latent, concealed,
it cognitions. ‘
+ Delitigate, v. Obs. rare—°. [f. L. déliti-
gare: see -ATE3.]
1623 CockEram, Deditigate, to skold or chide vehemently.
Hence Delitiga‘tion.
1727 Batey vol. II, Deditigation, a striving, a chiding, a
contending.
+ Delitous, a. Ods. Also 5 delytous. [a.
OF. delitous (Bozon), -eus, f. delit DELIGHT: see
-ous.] Delightful.
c 1400 Rom. Rose go In this sesoun delytous, Whan love
affraieth al thing. /did. 489 Swich solace, swich ioie, and
play..As was in that place delytous.
Deliver, ¢. Ods. or arch. Also 4-7 dely-
uer(e, (4 delyure, 5 deliuuer, -liuere, -lyvyr, 6
-liure). [a. OF. delivre, deslivre (cf. It. dilibero),
vbl. adj. from delivrer to DELIVER.
+1. Free, at liberty. Ods.
1305 Edmund Cad in Z. E. P. (1862) 78 He ne
mi3te him wawe fot ne hond: his poer him was binome ; Ac
delyure he hadde al his bo3t.
2. Free from all encumbrance or impediments ;
active, nimble, agile, quick in action.
1380 Will, Palerne 3596 Dou3thi man and deliuer in dedes
of armes. 1375 Baksour Bruce 11. 737 Bot the Kingis folk,
that war Deliuer off fute. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VI.
289 Delyvere men strong an — c 1430 Lypc. Bochas
ut. i. (1554) 70b, Light and deliuer, voyde of al fatness.
1472 /’aston Lett. No. 696 III. 47 He is one the lyghtest,
delyverst, best spokyn, fayrest archer. 1530 PatscGr. 309/2
Delyver of ones lymmes as they that prove mastryes, soufle,
Delyver, redy, quicke to do any thyng, agz/e, deliuré. a 1562
G. CAvENDISH Weney (1827) 141 A number of the most de-
liverest soldiers. 1580 Stpney Arcadia (1622) 326 Pyrocles,
of a more fine and deliuer strength. 1600 HotLanp Liz
Xxvil, xx,683b, Being men light and deliver of bodie. [avch.
1814 Scotr Wav. xlii, Mr. Waverley looks clean-made and
deliver. 1887 Eng. /llust. Mag. Nov. 72 He is the most
deliver at that exercise I have ever set eyes on.)
+3. Delivered (of a child). Obs.
01325 E. E. Allit. P.B. 1084 Alle hende pat honestly mo3t
an hert glade, Aboutte my lady watz lent, quen ho delyuer
were, ¢ 1335 Metr. Hom. 168 That this abbas suld paynes
dveght, And be delyuer of hir chylde. ¢1400 Maunpev.
(Roxb.) xv. 67 Mary was delyuer of hir childe vnder a palme
tree. ¢1460 Vowneley Myst., Purif. Mary 117 Ffourty
dayes syn that thou was Delyuer of thy son.
Deliver (déli:va1),v.1 Also 3-5 deliure, 3-6
delyuer(e, 4 deliuyr, delyuyr, dilyuer(e, 4-5
delyuir(e, 4-6 delyure, diliuer(e, 6 Sc. delywer.
[a. F. délivrer, in OF. also deslivrer, =Pr. de-,
deslivrar, Cat. desliurar, OSp. delibrar, It. dilibe-
rare:—late pop. L. déliberare, in Romanic partly
refashioned as *deslibrare (DE- I. 6), used in sense
of L. dilerdre to set free, liberate (see Du Cange).
In cl. Lat. déiderare had a different sense: see
DELIBERATE. )]
I. 1. ¢rans. To set free, liberate, release, rescue,
save. Const. from, out of, tof. ‘ta. To release
froma place. Ods. (exc. as merged in b, and as a
traditional phrase in reference to gaol-delivery).
¢1328 Covr de L. 1140 Whenne I am servyd off that fee,
Thenne schal Richard delyveryd bee. ¢ 1400 MaunpbEv.
(Roxb.) xi. 45 Scho delyuerd pe lordes oute of pe toure:
1513 More in Grafton Chron. Il. 798 The Lorde Stanley
was delivered out of ward. 1725 DE For Voy. round World
(1840) 277 ‘The way turned short east..and delivered us
entirely from the mountains. 1768 BLackstone Comm, III.
134 That they could not uponan Aadeas corpus either bail or
deliver a prisoner. 1863 H. Cox /mstit. u. x. 534 A com-
mission of general gaol delivery,
b. Now esf. To set free from restraint, immi-
nent danger, annoyance, trouble, or evil generally.
ax22ag Ancr. R. 234 Nolde heo neuer enes bisechen ure
Louerd pet he allunge deliurede hire berof. c1ago Old
Kent, Serm.in O. E. Misc. 33 pet he us deliuri of alle eueles.
1382 Wycuir Matt. vi. 13 And leede vs nat in to tempta-
cioun, but delyuere vs fro yuel. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Moder of
God 34 Fro temptacioun deliure me. 1549 Bk. Com, Prayer,
Litany, From al euill and mischiefe, from synne, from the
craftes and assaultes of the deuyll; from thy wrathe, and from
euerlastyng damnacion ; Good lorde deliuer us. 1611 Biste
1 Sam. xvii, 37 The Lord that delivered me out of the paw
of the lion. .he will deliver me out of the hand of this Philis-
tine. 1651 Kelig. Wotton. 199, | fell into these thoughts, of
which there were two wayes to be delivered. 1719 De For
Crusoe (1840) I. xii. 205 God. .had. .delivered me from blood-
=. 1845 M. Parrison ss. (1889) I. 26 Chilperic was
lelivered from the necessity of inventing any new expedient.
1 R. Extis Catullus lxiv. 396 Stood in body before them,
a fainting host to deliver.
+ ¢. spec. To release or free (any one) from his
vow, by putting him in a position to discharge it ;
to accept combat offered by. [So in OF.] Ods.
2a 1400 Morte Arth, 1688 3if thow hufe alle the daye, thou
bees noghte reeds 1470-85 Maory Arthur vu. xiv, I
care not..what knyghte soo euer he be, for I shal soone de-
lyuer hym. 1475 Bk. Noblesse 77 For to take entreprises, to
answere or deliver a gentilman that desire in worship to doo
armes in liestis to the utteraunce, or to certein pointis. 152
Lp. Berners /roiss. 1, ccclxxiii. 617 Then it was sayd to al
the knightes there about, Sirs, is there any of you that will
delyuer this knight ?..Sir Wylliam of Fermyton. .sayd. .if
it pleases him a lytell to rest hym, he shall anone be
delyuered, for I shall arme me agaynst hym,
+2. To free, rid, divest, clear (a) of, (0) from.
1314 Guy Warw, (A.) 3248 Deliuer pi lond. .Of alle bine
DELIVER.
dedeliche fon. c 1374 Cuaucer Boeth, 1. i. 64 Who so
sowe a felde plentiuous lat hym first it
1540-1 Exyor /mage Gov. (1549) 32 At last
livered the. .of him. pe Homies. Gaot Pradey
411 It pleased him [Christ] to deliver himself of
ogg 1868 B: L Serm. on living Subj. 2
7 peer an aie — deli d of its harsh
st etc.
c1400 Lanfranc’s Ci: - 193 Anoynte be i
wole delyvere him fro i Ae. 1627 Donne Serm. v.
Yet we doe not deliver Moses from all infirmi
1632 Litucow 77rav, vu. 323 A stone. .which hath
to deliuer a woman from her paine in child-birth.
Prim. Orig. Man. To Rar., If the Expressions .. be .. de-
livered from Amphibologies. .
+b. vefl. To free oneself, get clear or rid of. Ods.
¢ 1300 A’. Adis. 1319 Anon they deliverid heom of Mace-
doyne. ¢ 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon ix. 208, I counseyll
you that ye .. delyver yourselfe of Reynawde assone as
maye. 1530 ParsGr. 511/1, I can nat delyver me of hym
no meanes. [1709 BerKetey /ss. Vision § 51 [He] may be
able to deliver If from that prejudice. } 4
c. To deliver a gaol: to clear it of prisoners in
order to bring them to trial at the assizes.
1523 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 34 To deliver
any gayole wttin the towne, 1535 Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 24
§ 16 All suche iustices .. shal haue auctoritee.. to deliuer
the same gaoles from time to time. 1890 Spectator 26 Apr.
584/2 The gaol must be delivered before the Judge leaves
the assize town, J
+d. transf. To make riddance of, get rid of,
dispel (pain, disease, etc.) ; to relieve. Obs.
1483 Caxton Gold, Leg. 405 b/x A lytel medecyne ofte
delyuereth a grete languor and payne. 1576 Baker Yewedl
of Health 53», ‘Vhis water. .delyvereth the griefe of the
stone. 1610 Guituim Heraldry iv. v. (1660) 282 That so his
momentany passion .. might by some like intermission of
time be delivered, and so vanish away. .
3. To disburden (a woman) of the foetus, to brin
to childbirth ; in fasséve, to give birth to a chil
or offspring. Rarely said of beasts. (The active
is late and chiefly in obstetrical use.)
1325 Metr. Hom. 63 For than com tim Mari mild Suld
be deliuerd of hir child. ¢ 1340 Cursor M. 5562 (Fairf.)
Per wimmen. .ar deliuered be baire awen slizt. 1480 Caxton
Chron. Eng. \xxi. 53 Tyme come that she shold be de-
lyuered an rea child. 1484 — Fables of AEZsop 1. ix
bytche which wold lyttre and be delyured of her lytyl
dogges. 1568 Tuney Disc. Mariage Cviij, To have th
wyfe with childe safely delyvered. 1611 Suaxs. Wnt. 7.
1. ii. 25 She is, something before her time, deliuer'd. x
Cooke Marrow of Chirurg. i. 1. i. (ed. 4) 168 The thi
time they sent and begged I would deliver her. 1754-64
SMELLIE haba I. Introd. 70 A better method bee sT
in laborious and preternatural cases. 1805 A/ed. Frnl. X1V.
521 By making an incision in the urethra. .the eens might
be delivered. cx Arab. Nts. @tidg.) 448 The queen..
was in due time safely delivered of a prince.
fig. 1634 Hevwoon Mayden-head well Lost 1. Wks. 1874
IV. 108 My brain’s in labour, and must be deliuered Of some
new mischeife. a 1640 PeAcnam (J.), Tully was long ere he
owett Plato
speeches about virtue before now, and to many
persons,
+b. pass. Of the offspring: To be brought forth
deliver’d from thy brain. 1 1
many Euents in the Wombe of Time, which
4. To disburden, unload. ? Ods.
1793 SMEATON Edystone L. $289 The Weston was delivered
of her cargo. po in A. Duncan Ne/son 231, 26th. Delivered
the Spaniard, and sunk her. 1851 Mayne Rew Scalp Hunt.
xxxiv. 267 The brace of revellers went staggering over the
azotea, delivering their stoma :
5. refl. To disburden oneself of what is in one’s
mind ; to express one’s opinion or thought; to utter
words or sounds; to speak, discourse. (Cf. 10.)
¢ 1340 Cursor M, 20391 (Trin.), I delyuered me of my ser-
moun. 1654 tr. Martini's Cong. China 217 He delivere
himself thus unto them, ‘I -_ by your valour to obtain
the Empire of the world’. 1660 7¥#ad Regic. 42, 1 now de-
sire to know, whether it be now to deliver my self,
before you proceed to the calling of Witnesses. 1713 STEELE
Englishman No. rf 1g Some Merchants .. delivered them-
selves against the ill before our Houses of Lords and Com-
mons. 1782 Fie.pinc Amedia vi. vii, Amelia delivered her-
self on the subject of second marriages with much eloquence.
1869 Goutnurn urs. Holiness x. 91 Delivering Himself ..
in sentiments the very tones of which are unearthly.
II. +6. trans. pe a rid of or dispose of —
quickly, to dispatch ; v¢/. to make haste, be quick.
©1340 Gaw. §& Gr. Kut. 1434 Se ad Daler We
metely delyuered. ¢1475 Rauf Coilzear f= Deliuer the ..
and mak na delay. 1523 Lp, Berners /7viss. 1. cccxxvi.
nd The Romayns.. sayd, Harke, ye sir cardynalles, de-
yuer you atones, and make a pope; Ye tary to longe.
1530 Patscr. ee ‘2, I delyver, Tipdde ot dispatche thynges
shortly out of handes, Ye desPeche. i
+b. ? To dispatch, make awa dare =~ eee,
@ 1400-50 Alexander is breme . Ajt and tuen'
men of armes onone er, 3030 pis. be c Guy Warw.(C.)
1o1go And wyth the grace of god almyght To delyuyr
enmyes wyth ryght.
III. 7. To give up entirely, give over, surrender,
yield; formerly often sfec. to give up to an evil
fate, devote to destruction, ruin, or the like. Also
with over (obs. or — - ne t
C M. t.) Him eliuer your yon:
Caen ee rene cei isE) Hie delivercd his master
vp. cx300 Beket 724 Kynges baillyf delivri him to
anhonge other to drawe, 1483 Caxton G. de da Tour
ee
DELIVER,
E vij b, The moders of them shall be delyuered to the dolor-
ous deth of helle. 1513 More in Grafton Chron. II. 771
That the goods of a sanctuary man, shoulde be delivered
in payment of his debtes, _ 1593 Suaks. Rich. //, 111. i. 29
See them deliuered ouer To execution, and the hand of
death. 1600 E. Biounr tr. Conestaggio 321 The French
came from the mountaine, and..delivered up their armes.
1638 Sik T. Hersert 7'rav. go Hee also assaults Tzinner,
which tho a while well kept..is in the end delivered, 1771
Mrs. Grireitu tr. Viand's Shipwreck 97 To take our chance,
and deliver ourselves over into the hands of Providence.
1777 Watson Philip [I (1839) 133 ‘Count Egmont,’ said
Kew ‘deliv your sword ; it is the will of the King that
‘ou give it up, and go to prison.’ 1845 M, Pattison Zss.
Gea89 I. 2 When premiers deliver up their portfolios.
+b. ref. To give oneself up, surrender, devote
oneself, Ods.
@ 1533 Lo. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) B vj, I de-
lyuered myselfe with greatte desyre to knowe thynges.
8. To hand over, transfer, commit to another’s
possession or keeping; sfec. to give or distribute
to the proper person or quarter (letters or goods
brought by post, carrier, or messenger) ; to present
(an account, etc.). Const. 40, or with simple dative.
1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 430 Alle = byssopryches, pat de-
lyuered were Of Normandye & Engelond, he 3ef al clene
pere. c1300 K. Adis. 1011 In a castel heo was y-set, And
was deliverid liversoon, Skarschliche and nought foisoun.
¢ 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxv. 119 He delyuers pis currour
pe lettres. c1440 /fomydon 1282 Delyuere my mayde to
me this day. 1530 Patscr. ay I delyver, I gyve a thyng
in to ones handes to kepe. Ye iure. 1535 WRIOTHESLEY
Chron. (1875) I. 28 Who had his pardon delyvered him on
the Tower Hill. 165 Hosses Lev/ath. u. xxii, 122 To joyn
in a Petition to be delivered to a Iudge, etc. 1745 Col. Rec.
Pennsylv. V.9 He delivered back the String of Wampum
sent him, 1843 Prescotr Mexico (1850) I. 255 A message
which he must deliver in person, 1881 Gotpw. Smitu Lect.
& Ess. 260 The postmaster had written the letter as well as
delivered it, 1892 Law Times’ Rep. LXVII. 52/2 No bill
of costs was ever delivered. Mod. Get the address from the
postman who delivers in that part of the town. How often
are letters delivered here ?
ras 1526-34 TINDALE 1 Cor. xi. 2 That ye .. kepe the or-
inaunces even as I delyvered them to you. 1598 SuHaxs.
Me W, w. iv. 37 The superstitious idle-headed-Eld Re-
ceiu'd and did deliuer to our age This tale of Herne the
Hunter, 1794 Suttivan View Nat. 11, Seven persons only
were necessary to deliver the history of the creation and fall
from Adam to Moses.
b. Zaw. To give or hand over formally (esp. a
deed to the grantee, or to a third party): see Dr-
LIVERY 4b (4). So ‘to deliver’ seisin of heredita-
ments, or a corporeal chattel.
1574 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 15a, If aman make a deede
of feoffemente unto another .. and delyvereth to him the
deed but no livery of seisin. c1rg90 MarLtowk aust. v. 110
Speak, Faustus, do you deliver this as your deed? 1623 in
New Shaks, Soc. Trans. (1885) 505 We» said Indent® was
sealled and deliuered by all the parties thervnto. 1767
Biackstone Comm, II. 306 A seventh requisite to a good
deed is that it be delivered, by the party himself or his cer-
tain attorney. 1844 Witiiams Real Prof. vii, (1877) 148
‘The words ‘I deliver this as my act and deed’, which are
spoken at the same time, are held to be equivalent to de-
livery, even if the party keep the deed himself.
+c. poetic, with weakened sense of ‘To hand
over, present’. Ods.
r6or Suaxs. T'wel. N. 1. ii. 43 O that I.. might not be
deliuered to the world Till I had made mine owne occasion
mellow. 1607 — Cor. v. iii. 39 The sorrow that deliuers vs
thus chang’d Makes you think so.
IV. 9, To give forth, send forth, emit; to dis-
charge, launch ; to cast, throw, project: a. things
material.
1597 T. J. Serm. Paules C. 37 The bow, being ready bent
to deliuer the arrowe. 1613 Suaxs. Hen. VII, v. iv. 59
A File of Boyes, .deliuer’d such a showre of Pibbles. 1633 ®
James Voy. 71 (The pump] did deliuer water very sufficiently.
1702 Luttrett Brief Rel. (1857) V. 207 The earl of Kent,
as he was delivering his bowl upon the green at Tunbridge
Wells last Wensday, fell down and immediately died.
1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales 1. 291 In delivering his
hee he lost his balance. 1850 ‘Bat’ Crick. Man. 39
Before a ball is delivered, the umpires station themselves at
their respective wickets, 1885 Manch. Exam. 15 May 5/2
The enemy .. waited till Middleton's volunteers had ap-
proached very close before they delivered their fire.
b. a blow, assault, attack, etc. Zo deliver battle :
to give battle, make or begin an attack.
1842 ALIson Hist. Europe XI. xxv. § 36.349 The Emperor
was. oie to deliver a defensive battle. 1864 Daily Tel.
9 Nov., The assaults were badly delivered. 187. take
hort Hist. vii. §6. 405 When Philip at last was forced to
deliver his blow.
+e. To put forth freely (bodily action, etc.) :
cf. DELivery 6. Obs.
@ 1586 Sipvry (J.), Musidorus could not perform any action
..more strongly, or deliv er that strength more nimbly. 184g
Frail. R. Agric. Soc. V. 11. 530 He [a horse] must... be taught
to raise his knee and deliver his leg with freedom.
+d. fig. To give out*as produce, to produce,
yield, Ods. ,
1605 VERSTEGAN Dec. [ntell, ii. (1628) 5x The mynes .. do
. deliuer gold, siluer, copper. ;
10. To give forth in words, utter, enunciate,
pronounce openly or formally. (Cf. 5.)
Here the object is usually either something in the speaker's
mind, as a judgement or opinion, or (now very commonly)
the speech or utterance itself, with reference to its mode of
ey.
I LEMING Panop/. E fist. 56 To a question by him pro-
pounded, this answere was delivered. 1589 Putrennam
167
Eng. Poesie . xiii. [xiv.] (Arb.) 134 The vowell is alwayes
more easily deliuered then the consonant, 1615 Crookr
Body of Man v. xxxi. (1616) 341 Galen deliuering the pre-
cepts of health. 1667 Perys Diary (1879) IV. 435 Heis..
bold to deliver what he thinks on every occasion. 1771
Junius Lett. liv. 286, 1am calledgypon to deliver my opinion.
1804 Med. Frni. X11. 384 Dr. John Reid ..intends to de-
liver..a Course of Lectures on the Theory and Practice of
Medicine. 1873 Hamerton /nfed/, Life 150 Like an orator
who knows that he can deliver a passage, and compose at
the same time the one which is to follow. 1882 77mes 25
Noy. 4 The Master of the Rolls, in delivering judgment,
said [etc.].
b. absol. or intr. To ‘deliver oneself’, dis-
course; to pronounce an opinion or verdict; to
‘make deliverance ’.
1807 Ropinson Archwvol. Greca Vv. xxi. 525 They first de-
livered on civil affars: afterwards the discourse turned on
war, 1859 Saca 7w. round Clock (1861) 97 Poor jurymen..
understanding a great deal more about the case on which
they have to deliver at its commencement than at its ter-
mination, ,
+e. adsol. or intr. To utter notes in singing.
1530 Patscr. 510/2, I delyver quickly, as one dothe in
syngynge..I never herde boye in my lyfe delyver more
quyckely,
+11. ¢vans. To declare, communicate, report, re-
late, narrate, tell, make known; to state, affirm,
assert ; to express in words, set forth, describe. Ods.
1557 Order of Hospitalls Hvj, Goe to the Lord Maior,
and deliuer unto him the disobedience of the said Constable.
1600 E. Biount tr. Conestaggio 219 ‘The Duke. .himselfe
unto the king, delivered what hee had seene. 1611 Suaks.
Wint. T. v. it. 4, 1..heard the old Shepheard deliuer the
manner how he found it. 1655-60 Stantey //ist. Philos.
(1701) 114/1 The time of his birth is no where expresly de-
livered. 1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1, 80, I will here deliver
one or two Optical Experiments, 1768 STERNE Sent. Journ.
(1778) II. 1 (Fedde de Chambre) What the old French officer
had delivered upon travelling. 1790 Patey Hore Paul. i. 5
Particulars so plainly delivered. .in the Acts of the Apostles.
1800 Vince /ydrostat. (1806) 5 Like his general principles
of motion before delivered.
tb. with obj. clause. Ods.
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 44 It was delivered
hee hung himselfe for aoe 1658 Browne //ydriot. i,
That they held that Practice in Gallia, Caesar expressly de-
livereth. 1698 Fryer Acc. £, India §& P 161 Who founded
these, their Annals nor their Sanscript deliver not
te. with obj. and complement. (és.
1636 MassincErG?. Dk, Florence 1. ii, She is deliver’d. . For
a masterpiece in nature. 1649 Mitton “ikon. 11 History
delivers him a deep dissembler. @ 1687 Petty Pol. Avith.
iv. (1691) 64 The Author .. delivers the Proportion ..to be
as Thirty to Eighty two.
V. 12. Pottery and Founding. To set free from
the mould; ref. and zz¢r. To free itself from the
mould ; to leave the mould easily.
1782 Wepcwoon in Phil. Trans. LXXII. 310 To make
the clay deliver easily, it will be necessary to oil the mould.
1832 Porter Porcelain & Gl, 50 The ware..dries in a suffi-
cient degree to deliver itself (according to the workman's
phrase) easily from the mould. 1880 C. T, Newton Z'ss,
Art § Archeol. vi. 272 That oil or grease had been applied
..to make the mould deliver.
+ Deli-ver, v.2 Obs. [A variant of DELIBER v.,
with Romanic change of L, 4 to v, as in prec.] =
DELIBER, to deliberate, determine.
1382 Wycuir 2 Sam. xxiv. 13 Now thanne delyver, and
see, what word I shal answere to hym. ¢1440 CarGRAVE
Life St. Kath, 1. 966 Deliuer bis mater, so god 3o0ur soulys
saue, 1535 Stewart Cro. Scot, II. 520 Oft in his mynd
revoluand to and fro, Syne at the last deliuerit hes rycht
sone, To tak his tyme sen it wes oportune.
Hence + Deli:vered /. a., deiermined, resolved.
1536 BELLENDEN Cron, Scot. (1821) I. 259 With deliverit
mind to assailye thame in the brek of the day. 1552 Apr.
Hamitton Catech, (1884) 12 We consent nocht with ane de-
liverit mynd.
Deliverable (d/li'vorib’l), a. [f. Driver v.!
+-ABLE; cf, OF. deliverable, delivrable (15-17th
c. in Godef.).] That can or may be delivered ; to
be delivered (according to agreement): cf. payad/e.
1755 Macens J/usurances I, 401 Ten thousand Pounds of
good and deliverable Dutch made Starch. 1877 Act 40-1
Vict. c. 39 § 5 Where the document .. makes the goods
deliverable to the bearer. 1889 Macm. Mag. Mar. 270/2
So wild and shrill a cry of human anguish, that the like of
it I could never imagine deliverable by human lips.
Deliverance (d/li-vorins). [a. OF. delivrance,
desi--(t2th c. in Littré) = Pr. delivransa, desl-, f.
délivrer, delivrar to DELIVER : see -ANCE.]
1. The action of delivering or setting free, or fact
of being set free (+ of, from confinement, danger,
evil, etc.) ; liberation, release, rescue.
c1290 S, Eng. Leg. I. 197/118 A-serued heo hath to alle
pe contreie deliueraunce of langour, cx R. Brunne
Chron. (1810) 121 William Marschalle .. gaf for his delyuer-
ance pe castelle of Schirburne. 1340 Hampote Pr. Conse,
3585 For pair deliverance fra payn. 13.. Poems . Vernon
AS, 226/200 Of alle peos Merueylous chaunces Vr lord hab
sent vs diliueraunces. ¢ 1400 Maunpev, (1839) xxiii. 247 It
hath a round wyndowe abouen that. .seruethe for delyuer-
ance of smoke, ¢1450 Mirour Saluacioun 4074 Sho,. lete
hym out at a wyndowe so making his daly vonnest 1483
Caxton Gold. Leg. 275/2 That he shold praye to god for the
delyueraunce of his sekenesse. 1568 Grarton Chron, II. 408
On the behalfe of king Ric! for his delyveraunce out
of prison. 165r Hoppes Leviath, m1. xxxv. 221 Our deliver-
ance from the bondage of sin. 1719 De For Crusoe (1858)
139 The greatest deliverances I enjoyed, such as m escape
from Sallee, 1871 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) IV. xviii.
144 At no moment. .had hopes of deliverance been higher.
DELIVERANCE.
+b. ‘ Delivery’ of a gaol: see DELIVER v.1 2c.
¢ 1400 Gamelynx 745 Pat pou graunte him me Til pe nexte
sittyng of delyueraunce. 1464 Nottingham Rec. II. 377
Paied to the Justices of Deliuerance for the Gaole Delyuere.
1487 Act 3 Hen. VII, c. 3 The next generall gaoles de-
liveraunce of eny suche gaole. :
ec. In the ritual observed at a criminal trial.
1565 Sir T, Smitu Comsmonw. Eng. xxv.99 No man that
is once indicted can be deliuered without arraignment.
/bid. [Form of proclamation in court when no indictment is
produced], A. B. prisoner standeth here at the barre, if any
man can say any thing against him, let him now speake, for
the prisoner standeth at his deliuerance ; If no man do then
come, he is deliuered without anie further processe or
trouble. [In Budden’s Latin transl. 1601: mam vinctus
liberationem expectat: si nemo enum tum incusaverit, in
libertatem pristinam asseritur.| Ibid, 102 (Form of procl.
on trial by Jury] If any man can giue evidence, or can
say any thing against the prisoner, let him come now, for he
standeth vpon his deliuerance [Budden: nam de captivi
liberatione agitur). 1660 Trial Regic. 21, Col. Harrison.
‘I do offer myself to be tried in your own way, by God and
my Countrey.’ Clerk, ‘God send you a good deliverance,’
/bid, 35 For now the Prisoner [Col. Harrison] stands at the
Bar upon his Deliverance. 1781 Trial Ld. Geo, Gordon 7
Clerk, ‘How will you be tried 1’ Gordon. ‘ By God and my
country.’ Clerk. ‘God send you a good deliverance.’
(It is possible that this has been in later times associated
with the ‘true deliverance’ of the Jury : see 8b.)
+ 2. The being delivered of offspring, the bringing
forth of offspring ; delivery. Ods.
¢ 1325 Metr. Hom, 72 'Vhis womane yode wit chylde full
lange .. myght scho haue na delyueraunce. ¢1350 /V7//.
Palerne 4080 Mi wif .. Deied at pe deliueraunce of mi dere
sone, ¢1450 M/erdin 13 ‘lwo women flor to helpe hir at hir
delyueraunce when tyme is. 1548-9 ( Mar.) bh. Com. Prayer,
Churching of Women, Vo geue you safe deliuerance. 1611
Suaks, Cyd. v. v. 370 Nere Mother Reioyc’d deliuexance
more. 1625 Gonsalvio's Sp. /nquis, 122 Within foure dayes
after her deliuerance, they tooke the childe away from her.
Jig. 1660 WiLtsForD Scales Comm. 190 Sulphurious Me-
teors fir’d in the wombs of clouds, break forth in their de-
liverance with amazement to mortals.
+3. The action of giving up or yielding; sur-
render. Oés,
¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 158, I am not bonden to
mak deliuerance. 1404 in Ellis Orzg. Lett, Ser. 1. I. 38
Awyn..is accordit with all the men that arne therinne save
vij, for to have dilyverance of the Castell ata certayn day.
1548 Hatt Chron, 19 b, The kyng openly saied that if they
wolde not deliver them, he woulde take them without de-
liverance. 1568 GRAFTON Chvon. II. 227 Vo make deliver-
ance of the towne of Barwike.
+4. The action of handing over, transferring, or
delivering a thing to another ; delivery. Ods.
1340 Cursor M. 5045 (Fairf.) He made delf[iJueraunce
per of corne. ¢ 1449 Pecock Ref. 404 Eer than the receyuer
make Execucioun or Delyuerance of the thing or deede bi
him 3ouun, 1528 Tysatt in Strype Zcc/. AZem. 1. App. xvii.
38 After the delyverance of the sayd New Testament to
them. 1631 Stax Chamb. Cases (Camden) 35 The Sheriffe
did not make deliverance of 400 sheepe.
b. Law. Writ of second deliverance: a writ for
re-delivery to the owner of goods distrained or un-
lawfully taken, after they have been returned to the
distrainer in consequence of a judgement being given
against the owner in an action of replevin.
a 1565 Rastect tr. Fitsherbert's Nat. Brevium (1652) 174
The plaintiff may sue a Writ of second Deliverance. 1618
Putton Stat, (1632) 47 marg., A Writ of Second deliuerance.
1708 Termes de la Ley 508b, Second Deliverance is a Writ
made by the Filacer, to deliver Cattel distreined, after the
Plaintiff is Non-suit in Replevin. 1845 SrerHen Laws Eng.
(1874) IIT. v. xi. 616 The Statute of Westminster 2 (13 Edw. I
c, 2)..allowed him a judicial writ issuing out of the original
record (called a writ of second deliverance).
+ 5. Sending forth, emission, issue, discharge.
1626 Bacon Sylva §g9 This Motion worketh .. by way of
Proofe and Search, which way to deliuer itself; And then
worketh in progresse, where it findeth the Deliuerance
easiest.
+6. The action or manner of uttering words in
speaking ; utterance, enunciation, delivery. Ods.
1553 T. Witson RhezZ, (1580) 222 Singyng plaine song, and
counterfeictyng those that doespeake distinctly, helpe muche
to have a good deliveraunce. 1593 SHaks. 3 Hen. VJ, u. i.
97 At each words deliuerance. 1609 HoLtanp As.
Marcell, xxx. ix. 397 For his speech, readie he was ynough
in quicke deliverance.
+ 7. The action of reporting or stating something ;
that which is stated; statement, narration, declara-
tion; = DELIvEry 8. Oés.
1431 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 276 To make a trewe delyuer-
aunce of swiche goodys as thei receyue. 1509 Hawes Past.
Pleas. xxix, (Percy Soc.) 143 And to Venus he made deliver-
aunce Of his complaint. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1.
(1625) 7 What confused deliverance is this? /déd. 1. 44 Doth
not the very deliverance of your own fact condemne you?
r62x ‘T. Apams White Devil? (1635) 11, If there wanted no-
thing in the deliverance.
b. An utterance ; esp. of a formal character.
1859 Mitt Liberty ii. (1865) 29 Things which are not pro-
vided for .. in the recorded deliverances of the Founder of
Christianity. 1879 M. Arno.p Jr. Critic on Milton Mixed
Ess. 241 Maraaieg's writing .. often .. is really obscure, if.
one takes his deliverances seriously. 1883 Manch. Guardian
29 Sept. 7/3 We can complain of no ambiguity in his present
~deliverance.
8. Sc. Law. Judgement delivered; a judicial or ad-
ministrative order in an action or other proceeding.
In its most general sense applicable to any order pro-
nounced by any body exercising quasi-judicial functions.
In the Bankruptcy Act of 1856 (19 & 20 Vict. c. 79 § 4) ‘de-
liverance’ is defined as including ‘any order, warrant, judge-
ment, decision, inter] or d *, Hence the word
quired a i-technical application to orders in
bankruptcy proceedings.
1425 Wyntoun Cron. vu. vi. 90 Of pat [he] Stablysyd,
and mad ordynance. .and full delyverance. — Dunpar
Poems ix. 133 Of fals solisting ffor wrang deliuerance At
Counsale, Sessioun, and at Parliament. 1535 Stewart Cron.
Scot. 11. 562 In this mater .. Rycht sone I wald heir 3our
deliuerance. c 1565 Linpesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (1728)
14 (Jam.) Both parties were compromit by their oaths to
stand at the deliverance of the arbitrators chosen by them
both. a1649 Drumm. or Hawrn. Skiamachia Wks, (1711)
194 We hope your lordships will give us leave. .to remember
‘our lordships of your deliverance, June the first,1642. 1752
. Lournian Form of Process (ed. 2) 35 The Deliverance on
the Bill is, Fiat ut petitur, to the — Day of — next to come.
1833 Act 3-4 Will. IV, c. 46 § 25 The said sheriff shall ..
afte a deliverance thereon finding and ceclaring. .that this
Act has not been adopted. 1868 Act 31-2 Vict. c. 101 § 75
The judgment or deliverance so pronounced shall form a
valid and sufficient warrant for the preparation in Chancery
of the writ.” : ;
b. In the (English) Jurors’ oath, in a trial for
treason or felony, used app, in the sense: Deter-
mination of the question at issue, verdict.
1660 Trial Regic. 11 Oct. 32 His Oath was then read to
him [Sir T, Allen, juror]: You shall well and truly try and
true deliverance make between our Sovereign rd the
King, and the prisoners at the Bar, whom you shall have in |
Charge, according to your Evidence. So help you God!
1892 S. F. Harris Princ. Crim. Law (ed. 6) xiv. 412. [The
current formula: the same words with the last clause
expanded to ‘and a true verdict give, according to the
evidence ’.]
(The meaning here has been matter of discussion : cf. 1¢
above, and Tomiins Law Dict. s.v. Fury.)
ce. Formal judgement pronounced, expression of
opinion, verdict.
(1847 De Quincey Wks. XII. 184 Milton v. Southey &
Lander: Wordsworth never said the thing ascribed to him
here as any formal judgment, or what the Scottish law
would call deliverance.) 1856 Dove Logic Chr. Faith vy. i.
§ 2. 298 We cannot but attach great value to the deliberate
deliverance of so impartial..a man, 1871 SaraH ‘TyTLER
Sisters & Wives 154 Dr. Harris's deliverance was..that Mr.
Duke was not looking very well.
+d. Used (in Sc.) to render L. senatus consultum.
1533 BeLttenpEN Livy ge 212 (Jam.) Thir novellis
maid the Faderis sa astonist, that thay usit the samen de-
liverance that thay usit in extreme necessite.
+9. °=DELIVERNESS ; DELIVERY 6. Ods,
14.. Cuaucer Pars. T. ? 378 (Harl. 7334) Pe goodes of
body ben hele of body, strong be, deliuerance [szx texts de-
liuerness], beaute [etc.]. 1500-20 Dunpar Thistle § Rose 95
Lusty of schaip, lycht of deliuerance.
Deli-verancy. are—'. [See prec. and -ancy.]
= DELIVERANCE 7 b.
1853 Zait’s Mag. XX. 365 Being the accredited organ of
the Government on Scotch topics, his deliverancy neces-
sarily carries more weight than those of any ordinary
member. .
+ Delivera‘tion. 00s. rare—'. [a. OF. de-
livration in earlier and more popular form de-
livraison, -otson, -tson), ad. late pop. L. délibera- |
tion-em (Du Cange), n. of action from déliberare
to liberate.] Deliverance, liberation, release.
1sog Hawes Past, Pleas. 148 Who is fettered in chaynes
He thinketh long after delyveracion Of his great wo.
Delivered (d/li:void), pf/.a.) [f. Detiverz.!
+ -ED1.] Set free; disburdened .of offspring ;
handed over; surrendered; formally uttered or
stated, etc.: see the verb.
c1440 Promp. Parv. 117 Delyueryd, liberatus, erutus.
1588 Suaxs. 77. A. Iv. ii. 142 Cornelia, the midwife, and
my selfe, And none else but the deliuered Empresse. 1665
Maney Grotius’ Low C. Warres 123 Prince of the de-
livered City. 1893 Pa// Mal G. 13 Jan. 2/1 The additional
cost. .for delivered bread.
+ Delivered, f//. a.2: see DELIVER v.2
Deliveree (d/li:varz*). [f. Detiver v.1 + -EE.]
The person to whom something is delivered,
1887 V. Sampson in Cafe Law Yrui. 37 The putting of a
deliveree in possession. /d7d. 43 ‘The deliveror should point
out the subject of delivery to the deliveree.
Deliveree, obs. form of DELIVERY.
Deliverer (d/li-vare1), Also 4-6 dely-, 4 -ere,
6 -our; see also Detiveror. fa. OF. delivrere
(12th c, in Hatzf.), in obl. case delivreor, -our, -eur
:—late pop. L. dé/iberator, -orem, agent-n. from dé-
liberare, ¥. délivrer to DELIVER : see -ER1,] One
who delivers.
1. One who sets free or releases; a liberator,
rescuer, saviour.
a1340 Hamrote Psalter xix. 7 M ne & my de-
lyuerere ert ou. 1382 Wycuir Ps, xviii]. 2 My refut, and my
elyuerere. c 1440 Promp. Parv. 117 Delyuerer, liberator.
1555 Even Decades Pref. to Rdr. (Arb.) 53 Thou oughteste
to..bee thankefull to thy delyuerer, 1667 Mitton ?. L.
xu. 149 Thy great deliverer, who shall bruise The Serpents
head, ag Gipson Decl. & F. III. Ixv. 622 He stood
forth as the deliverer of his country. 1855 Macautay //is¢.
Eng. 11. 404 Though he had been a deliverer by accident,
he was a despot by nature,
2. One who hands over, commits, surrenders,
etc. ; esp. one who delivers letters or goods,
1531-2 Act 23 Hen. VIII, c. 16 The seller, exchaunger or
deliuerer. 1534 Act 26 Hen. V/I/, c.6§ 8 by indenture to
be made betwene the deliuerour .. and the receiuour. 1622
MisseLpen Yee Trade 104 The Stranger .. would be a de-
liuerer heere of money at a high rate. 1766 Entick London
IV. 295 There is..a deliverer of letters to the House of
168
Commons, at 6s. 8d. day. 1888 Daily News 25 Aug.
Each deliverer of mil <a peace a py she: s/s
3. One who utters, enunciates, sets forth, etc.
(rare.) y
1597 Hooker Zcc/. Pol. yun. vi. § 12 Thereof God himself
was..the deviser, the dischsser, the deliverer. 1651 Kedig.
Wotton, 202 Among the Deliverers of this Art. 1822 New
Monthly Mag. \V. 195 The public deliverers of song at the
Grecian festivals. :
Deliveress (d/li-varés). rare, [Short for de-
livreress, {. DELIVERER + -ES8S, in F. délivreresse:
see -ESS.] A female deliverer.
1644 Evetyn Mem. (1857) I. 72 At one side of the cross,
kneels Charles VII armed, and at the other Joan d’Arc. .as
the deliveress of the town. 1839 Q. Rev. June 98 Nancy
comes like the deliveress of the pious /Eneas.
+ Deli-verhede. Os. [f. Detiver a. + -hede,
-HEAD.] Nimbleness, agility.
1496 Dives § Paup. (W. de W.) m. xiii. 148/2 They shal
haue delyuerhede of body and lightnesse.
Deliveri (dfli-varin), vd/. sb. [f. DELIVER
v.1+-1ne!,] The action of the verb DELIVER, q.v.;
deliverance, delivery (in various senses).
c1320 Senyn Sag. 1536 (W.) The maister .. hadde mania
blessing, For his disciple deliuering. c 14g0 St. Cuthbert
(Surtees) 5800 Of his delyueryng gled and blithe. 1571
Gotpinc Calvin on Ps. \xv. 6 By thy wonderfull deliver-
inges, thy power may be shewed abr: 1642 Jer.Taytor
Episc. § 36 (R.) Excommunications .. were deliverings over
to Satan. 1889 J. M. Duncan Dis. Women vi. (ed. 4) 26
Judgement of the method to be pursued in delivering.
attrib. 1881 Daily News 19 Jan. 5/5 A few heavy railway
collecting or delivering vans.
Delivering, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -ING 2.]
That delivers: see the verb.
1887 Pall Mall G. 29 Nov. 11/1 There was no evidence
that the delivering company..were not willing to supply
the coal at 8s, a ton,
+ Deli-verly, adv. Ods. or arch. For forms
see DeLiver a. [f. DELIVER a. + -Ly 2.]
1. Lightly, actively, nimbly, quickly.
¢ 1340 Gaw. § Gr. Knt. 2009 Deliuerly he dressed vp, er
pe day sprenged. _¢1374 Cuaucer Jroylus u. 1088 He..
sette [his signet] Upon the wex deliverliche and rathe.
© 1440 Partonope 7051 His Swerd he pulleth oute delyuerly.
1549 CHALONER Erasmus on Folly Rija, The nemblier and
more deliverly to goe about theyr charge. sind S. Purcuas
Pol. Flying-/ns. x. 50 The claw-tailed Humble Bee .. flyes
as deliverly when great with young as when she is barren.
2. Deftly, cleverly.
1530 Pacscr. 550, I fynger, I handell an instrument of
musyke delyverly. 1612 7wo Nodle K. mu. v, Carry it
sweetly and deliverly, 1870 Emerson Soc. & Solit., Cluds
Wks. (Bohn) III. 93 We get a mechanical advantage in de-
taching it well and deliverly.
“| As adj. (erroneous archaism).
1820 Scotr Monast. xvii, A deliverly fellow was Hughie—
could read and write like a priest, and could wield brand
and buckler with the best of the riders.
Deli-verment. rare. [f. DeLiver v.! +-MENT.
(Cf. OF. delivrement in Godef.)] = DELIVERANCE
7 b; open statement, pronouncement.
1893 Nat. Observer 13 May 640/1 Because the Emperor
has heretofore spoken unadvisedly, it by no means follows
that .. Tuesday's deliverment makes for complete inepti-
tude.
+ Deli-verness. Oés. [f. DELIVER a.+-NESS.]
Lightness, activity, nimbleness, agility, quickness.
1 Hamroce Pr. Conse. 5) Delyvernes and bewte of
body. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Melid. ® 199 Grn thinges ben not
ay accompliced by strengthe, ne by delyvernes of body. 1489
Caxton Faytes of A.1. xi. 30 To voyde the strokis by de-
lyuernes of body. 4 River Image Gov. (1556) 69 b,
Fewe men surmounted hym in strength and delivernesse.
a1607 BrichtMan Revelation (1615) 700 Certainly this ..
deserueth to be called properly by the Latin name, /e-
dition, for the deliuernes thereof.
Deliveror (d/li:vorf1). [f. Deviver v1: see
-or.] A technical variant of DELIVERER, used as
correlative to de/iveree: one who makes a legal
delivery of goods, etc.
1887 [see Detiverre}. ;
Delivery (d/livori), Forms: 5 deliveree,
5-6 delyuery(e, 6 -ere, 6-7 deliverie, 6- -ery.
‘ Anglo-Fr. de/ivrée, fem. sb, f. pa. pple. of dé-
ivrer to DELIVER: cf, divery, and see -Y.]
+1. The action of setting free; release, rescue,
deliverance. Ods.
Fasyan Chron. vu. ccxxxiii. 266 The quene made
assyduat laboure for the delyuerye of the kynge her hus-
bonde. 1558 Even Decades 103 Thankes geuynge to al-
myghty god for his a preseruation from so many
imminent perels. 1638 Sir 'T. Hersert 7vav. 90 A servant
of his..by force attempting his Lords delivery. 1671
Mitton Samson 1505 Thy hopes are not ill founded, nor
seem vain, Of his delivery. 1766 Gotosm. Vic. W. xxx,
Here is the brave man to whom I owe my delivery. 1784
R. Bace Barham Downs 11. 58 Some that called upon the
Lord for delivery before there was need.
b. The action of delivering a gaol: see DELIVER
v1 2c, and GAOL-DELIVERY.
2. The fact of being delivered of, or act of bring-
ing forth, offspring ; childbirth,
sually of the mother; formerly sometimes of the child;
cf. DELIVER v. 3.
1577 B. Goocre Heresbach's Husb, m. (1586) 139 For this
poore creature..is as much tormented in her deliverie, as
a shrew. 161x Brece /sa. xxvi. 17 Like as a woman ..
that draweth neere the time of her deliueri¢. 1648 W.
Mounracur Devoute Ess, 1. xii, § 1 (R.) As they are
DELIVERY,
twins .. their is after such a
as that of Pharez Page oy Fog Booby on
Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 29 M
ladies deli we brave
your
Encycl. V1. 446/1 Midwife. -&@ woman wi
rition or delivery. ;
attrib, 1876 tr. Ziemssen's Cycl. Med. X1. 562 That form
of paralysis. .in newly-born children.. which we should call
delivery-paralysis. —
b. As the action of the accoucheur or midwife.
[1660 Suirtey Andromana m1. i. 8, 1 am with child to hear
the news: Pr’ythee Be quick in the delivery. 1767 Goocn
Treat. Wounds 1. 323 Injury in a laborious, hasty or in-
judicious delivery. 1800 Med. Frul. III. 483, I t!
did not conceive myself justified . .in proceeding to immediate
delivery. 1889 W. S. Prayrair Treat. Midwifery 11. ww. ii.
163 a means of effecting artificial delivery was known.
C. fig.
@ 1639 Marmion Antiguary mi. ii, My head labours with
the pangs of delivery. 1823 Scott /everil xlvi, Out started
the dwarf..and the poor German, on seeing the portentous
dover of his fiddlecase, tumbled on the floor.
3. The act of giving up possession of; surrender.
1513 More in Grafton Chron. II. 72? The whole counsaile
had sente him to require of her the deliverie of him [her
child). 1548 Hatt Chron. 245 b, The delivery of the Castell
of Barwyke. 1600 E. Biounr tr. Conestaggio 181 ‘The
deliverie of the rocke of Saint Julian and of the fort. 1780
Impartial Hist. War Amer. 147 Marching directly to
Boston, there to demand a delivery of the powder and
stores, and in case of refusal to attack the,trcops. 1
H. H. Witson Brit. Jndia 11. 158 The arrest of Trimbak,
and his delivery to the British Government.
The action of handing over, or conveying into
the hands of another; es. the action of a carrier in
delivering letters or goods entrusted to him for
conveyance to a person at a distance.
1480 Wardr. Acc. Edw. IV (1830) 140 For the deliveree
of the said stuff and bedding. 1§56 in Hakluyt ne
III. 113 Hauing receiued any priuie letters..you shal. .let
the deliuerie of them at your arriuing in Russia. Sire T.
Herpert 7vav. 124 He might forge other Letters. .e
kept he them two dayes without delivery. Burnet
Hist. Ref. 1. 1. (R),, The investitures of bi: and
abbots..had been originally given by the delivery of the
toral ring and staff. 1 . Tooke View Russian Emp.
II. 652 Extraordinary ps «dad for the ey ot goods,
1838 Dickens Nich. Nick. ii, It [a letter] will here by
the two o'clock delivery. 185: Ht. Martineau Hist. Peace
(1877) III. 1v. xiv. 139 The convenience of two or three
deliveries of letters per day. 1879 R. M. Bactantyne Post
Haste vii. (1880) 74 The delivery of a telegram.
Jig. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. v. §9 Another error is
in the manner of the tradition and delivery of knowledge.
attrib. 1720 De For Capt. Singleton xviii. (1840) 316
Our proper delivery port..was at Madagascar. 1889 Daily
News 11 Dec. 3/2 Carmen's wages :—Delivery men: Driv-
ing, 1s. per day and 7d. = ton. ;
b. Law. (a) The ormal or legal handing over of
anything to another ; esp. the putting of property
into the legal possession of another person.
1577 tr. Bullinger’s Decades (1592) 264 Goods are gotten..
by Oe aicaia. 1625 Gut Sacr. Philos. 1. 87 Whereof we
have already assurance, yea deliverie, and seisure, 1818
Cruise Digest (ed. 2) IV. 47 Acts which have been held to
be a part performance of an agreement. .such as delivery of
possession; and payment of the whole, or a considerable
part of the consideration. 1887 V. Sampson in Cafe Law
3rni. 38 We now come to the several species of constructive
delivery, of which delivery 4reris manus, or short-hand is
the first. x89x Law Vimes XC. 473/1 After delivery of
defence the plaintiff discontinued his action.
(4) The formal transfer of a deed by the grantor
or his attorney to the grantee or to a third party,
either by act or by word : formerly essential to the
validity of the deed.
1660 R. Coxe Power §& Subj. 25 Absolute estates of in-
heritance which ..do not by li and seisin, but by
delivery of the deed or feoffment. 1809 Tomiins Law Dict.
s.v. Deed, If I have sealed my deed, and after I deliver it
to him to whom it is made, or to some other by his appoint-
ment, and say nothing, this is a good delivery. 1853
Wuarton Pennsylv. Digest 261 Delivery is necessary to
give effect to a bond, peal 4
5. The act of sending forth or delivering (a mis-
sile, a blow, etc.) ; emission, discharge; throwing
or bowling of a ball (at cricket, base-ball, etc.).
1702 Savery Miner's Friend 46 The delivery of your Water
into a convenient Trough. 1787 Speci, Bryant's Patent
No. 1631 Useful..by its muc poe delivery of water.
1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales I. 109 The peril. . from the
delivery of the spear, 1837 W. Martin Bh. nel
If the hand be above the shoulder in the delivery, the
umpire must call ‘no ball’, 1882 Daily Tel. 19 May
(Cricket), Crossland at 68 came on with his fast deliveries.
b. Founding. See quot. (Cf. Deiver v.! 12.
Knicut Dict. Mech., Delivery Resa set) the
or allowance by which a pattern is to free itself from
close lateral contact with the sand of the mold as it is
lifted, Also called on : ’
+6. Free putting forth of bodily action, ‘ use of
the limbs, activity’ (J.) ; action, bearing, deport-
ment. Obs.
1586 Sipney (J.), Musidorus could not .. deliver that
strength more nim! ly, or become the delivery more grace-
fully, 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 11. (1625) 127 Men... for
their Il callings question] of very good delivery.
1634 Six T. Hersert 7vav, 223 Observing simplicitie in
the Messingers delivery and lookes. 1639 Worron (J.),
The duke had the neater limbs, and freer delivery. 174
Ricuarpson Pamela (1824) 1. xxxii. 319 There is.a great
deal in a delivery, as it is , in a way, a manner, a de-
poner, to engage people's attention and Hiking. 1818
opp, Deliverness, agility .. What we now term rye
Jig. 1762-71 H. WAvrout Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (17
assists in partu-
DELL.
II. 177 It has the greatest freedom of pencil, the happiest
delivery of nature, :
7. The utterance or enunciation (of words), the
delivering (of a speech, etc.).
1s81 Petrie Guazso's Civ. Conv. 1. (1586) 58 All their
force and vertue lyeth in the sweete deliverie of their
wordes. 1586 A. Day Zug. Secretary 1. (1625) 37 His skill
and delivery of forraigne languages [was] so wonderfull.
1665 Liovp State Worthies (1670) 22 One thing he ad-
vised young men to take care of in their publick deliveries.
1818 Jas. Mut Arit, /ndia III. ii, 68 Four days were
occupied in the hye? | of the speech, 1879 M«Cartuy
Own Times 11. xix.'57 The speech occupied some five hours
in delivery. oe ;
b. Manner of utterance or enunciation in public
speaking or singing.
"867 Prrys Diary 19 May, Meriton.. hath a strange
knack of a grave, serious delivery. 1769 JoHNson in Bos-
well Life an. 1781 (1848) 679/2 His delivery, though uncon-
strained, was not negligent. 1853 Hotyoakr Rudin. Public
Speaking 13 The power of distinct and forcible pronuncia-
tion is Ae is of delivery. 1892 Sat. Rev. 15 Oct. 443/1
Few men of his generation had a greater fund of talk or
a more telling delivery. ~ 4
+ 8. The action of setting forth in words, or that
which is set forth ; communication, narration, state-
ment; = DELIVERANCE 7. Ods.
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. {s6e5) 22 The order here-
after to be observed in delivery of examples. 16x11 SHAks.
Wint. T. v. ii. 10, 1 make a broken deliuerie of the Businesse.
5 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. iv, Which enigmatical
deliveries comprehended usefull verities. 1653 H. Cocan tr.
Pinto's Trav. xxxvii. 145, I will forbear the delivery of many
matters, that possibly might bring much contentment.
Dell! (del). [ME. delle, corresp. to MDu. and
MLG. delle, mod.Du. del, MHG. and mod.G, ¢ed/e
:—WGer. *daljd- or *daljén- fem., deriv. of *da/lo-,
OLG, dal, Date; root meaning ‘deep or low
place.’ Cf. also Goth. *édalja, and OE. afdz,
descent. (De// bears nearly the same etymological
telation to dale, that den does to dean.) |
+1. A deep hole, a pit. Ols. __
1531 Exyor Gov. 1. ix, Curtius. .enforsed his horse to lepe
in to the dell or pitte. 1579 Spenser Sheph. Cal, Mar. 51
Thilke same. .Ewe.. Fell headlong into a dell [g/oss, a hole
in the ground]. 1770 LanGuorne Plutarch (1879) I. 889/1
He met withdells or other deep holes. 1783 Ainswortu Lat,
Dict. (Morell) 1, A dell, fossa.
2. A deep natural hollow or vale of no great ex-
tent, the sides usually clothed with trees or foliage.
c 1220 Bestiary 5 Bi wilc weie so he [de leun] wile To dele
nidér wenden. c1420 Anturs of Arth. i, On a day thay
hom dy3t into the depe dellus. ¢1475 Rauf Coiljear 17
The deip durandlie draif in mony deip dell. 1610 FLETCHER
Faithf. Shepherdess 11. ii, Yon same dell, O'ertopp’d with
mourning cypress and sad yew Shall be my cabin. 1634
Mitton Comus 312 Every alley green, Dingle, or bushy
dell. 1794 Mrs. Rapcurre A/yst. Udolpho xxviii, Disput-
ing..on the situation of a dell where they meant to form an
ambuscade. 1798 CoLertncE Fear in Solitude, A green and
silent spot, amid the hills, A small and silent dell! 1845
B’ness Bunsen in Hare Zi II. iii. 86 Miss Gurney’s
cottage is in a sheltered dell, with woods on each side.
transf. 1812 Soutury in Omniana 1. 54 Young. ladies
would do well to remember, that if laughter displays dimples,
it creates dells.
Bell? (del). Rogues’ Cant. arch.
girl (of the vagrant class) ; a wench.
1567 Harman Caveat 75 A Dell is a yonge wenche, able
for generation, and not yet knowen..by the vpright man.
162x B, Jonson ha tg Metamorph. Wks. (Rtldg.) 624/x
Sweet doxies and dells, My Roses and Nells, Scarce out of
your shells, 1630 ‘Tavor (Water P.) Ws. 11. 112/1 She’s
a Priests Lemman, and a Tinkers Pad, Or Dell, or Doxy,
(though the names be bad). 1688 R. Hotmes Armoury i,
iii. $68 Ded?s, trulls, dirty Drabs, 1834 H. Ainswortu
Roo, ut. v, ‘Sharp as needles’, said a dark-eyed dell,
Dell(e, obs, form of DEAL.
|| Della Crusca (de:l\la kreska). [It. Acca-
demia della Crusca, lit. Academy of the bran or
chaff.] The name of an Academy established at
Florence in 1582, mainly with the object of sifting
and purifying the Italian language; whence its
name, and its emblem, a sieve,
The first edition of its Dictionary, the Vocabolario degli
Accademici della Crusca, appe in 1612, and the fourth,
1729-38, has long been considered as the standard authority
for the Italian language. A new edition on more historical
lines was begun in 1881.
Hence Della-Cru'scan a., of, rtaining to, or
after the style of the Academy della Crusca, or its
methods; also, applied to a school of English
poetry, affecting an artificial style, started towards
the end of the 18th c.; sd. a member of this
Academy, or English school of poetry. Hence
Della-Cru‘scanism.
One of the noted writers of this school was Mr. Robert
Merry, who ( —* been elected a member of the Florentine
Academy) adopted the signature of Ded/a Crusca, whence
the name was extended to the school as a whole.
[1796 Girrorp A/eviad Introd. While the epidemic
malady was spreading from fool to fool, Della Crusca [i. e.
Merry] came over [from Italy], and immediately announced
himself by a sonnet to Love. .and from one end of the king-
dom to the other, all was nonsense and Della Crusca.] 1815
H. Irevanp Scribbleomania 48 Mr. Pratt has certain!y
indulged too much in the flimsy Della Cruscan style, 1021
Suetrey Boat on Serchio 67 In such transalpine ‘Tuscan As
would have killed a Della-Cruscan. 1857 TRENCH Defic.
ing. Dicts. 7 It is for those who use a language to sift the
from the flour, to reject that and retain this, They are
Vou. III,
A young
169
to be the true Della Cruscans. 1881 Athenxum 20 Aug.
230/t ‘he detestable Della Cruscanism which makes many
new volumes of verse a positive offence.
Delly (deli), a vare. [f. Det sd.1 + -y.]
Abounding in dells.
1861 G. Catvert Univ. Restoration, Delly woods remote.
Delocalize (d/lovkaloiz), v. [f. De- II. 1 +
Locanize v.] ¢rans, To detach or remove from its
place or locality, or from local limitations.
I De Morean in Graves Life Sir W.R. Hamilton
(1889) III. 505 The Morning Register I could not use;
you had better not delocalize it. 1867 Lowe. Study Wind.,
Gt. Public Character, We can have no St. Simons or
Pepyses till we have a Paris or London to delocalize our
gossip and give it historic breadth. 1870 R. B. D. Morter
Rep. Land Tenure (Parl. Papers) 208 It was necessary to
find some means of effecting the transfers..without delocal-
izing the Land Register.
Hence Delo‘calized Z//. a., Delocaliza‘tion.
1887 Daily News 13 Jan. 5/2 A reform in the direction of
what may be called dockyard de-localisation.
|| Deloo (d/l). [Native name in Dor language
(in Soudan) for the gazelle.] A species of antelope,
Cephalolophus grimmta, found in northern Africa,
akin to the duykerbok of South Africa.
1861 J. Perurrick Leys, etc. 482 (Vocab. Dor language)
Gazelle = diloo. 1874 G. Scuwernrurtu //eart of Africa
I. 244 The Deloo has only one pair of these glands. ;
+ Deloy-alty. 00s. rare—'. [ad. F. déloyauté
formerly desloyaulté; see Dr- I. 6.] = DISLOYALTY.
1571 Admon. Regent 112 in Sempill Ballads (1872) 132
Sum hes... Lyfes losit for thair deloyaltie.
Delph, var. of DELF.
Delphian (delfian). [f. De/phz place name +
-AN.] Of or relating to Delphi, a town of ancient
Greece on the slope of Mount Parnassus, and to the
sanctuary and oracle of Apollo there ; hence, of or
relating to the Delphic Apollo; and ¢,ansf. oracu-
lar, of the obscure and ambiguous nature of the re-
sponses of the Delphic oracle.
1625 Hart Anat. Ur. 1.ii. 25 [They] are nothing at all
ashamed, by the vrine alone to deliyer their Delphian oracles
concerning all diseases, 1631 Werver Anc. “un. Mon. 48
This treasure..was a part of the Delphian riches. 1873
Lowe. Among my Bs, Ser.11. 322 His eyes had an inward
Delphian look. 1887 Bowen Virg. Aineid u. 113 We send,
perplexed, to the Delphian fane, Counsel to ask of the god.
So De'lphic, + De‘lphical a.
1599 Marston Sco. Villante 169 Some of his new-minted
Epithets(as Reall, Intrinsecate, Delphicke). a 1661 Hotypay
Fuvenal 174 The mathematical table was by the ancients
called the Delphick table. 1742 Younc Né. Th. vii. 595
Pride, like the Delphic priestess, with a swell, Rav'd non-
sense, destin'd to be future sense. 1830 Fraser's Mag. 1.60
This delphic fury—this preternatural possession. 1879
Daily News 22 Nov. 5/5 This reads rather like a Delphic
response. _@1603 ‘I’, Cartwricut Confut. Rhem. N. 7.
(1618) 174 No riddles or Delphicall answers.
Delphin (de'lfin), s?. anda. Forms: 4 delfyn,
5 -fyne, 5-6 delphyn, 6-7 -phine, 6- delphin.
[a. L. delphin, delphin-us, a. Gr. dedpiv : cf. also It.
delfino, Sp. delfin, Pg. delfim, Pr. dalfin, dalphin,
OF. dalphin, daulphin, mod.¥. dauphin, whence
DowpHin, DAvupuHIy.]
+A.sb. 1. =Do.puiy. Obs.
¢1300 K. A/is.6576 A water. . Tiger. . Heo noriceth delfyns,
and cokadrill. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 41 Thar buth
oft ytake delphyns, & se-calues. cxqgo Promp. Parv. 54
Brunswyne or delfyne. .de/phinus. 1555 Even Decades 131
Of a maruelous sence or memorie as are the elephant and the
delphyn. 1633 P. Frercner Pisce. Ecl. vu. xiii. 47 ‘The lively
Delphins dance, and brisly Seales give eare.
+b. A drinking vessel of the shape of a dolphin.
Obs. rare—"*,
1638 Junius Painting of Ancients 162 Some artificiall
drinking vessels made after the manner‘of a dolphin, were
called delphines.
2. Chem, Short for delphinin (see -IN): A neutral
fat found in the oil of several species of dolphin ;
called also dolphin-fat and phocenin.
1863-72 Watts Dict, Chem. 11. 309 Delphin is an oil very
mobile at 17°C.
B. adj.
1. [attrib. use of L. de/phini in phrase ad usum
Delphini ‘for the use of the Dauphin’.] Of or
pertaining to the Dauphin of France, and to the
edition of Latin classics, prepared ‘for the use of
the dauphin’, son of Louis XIV.
[z712 Steete Sfect. No, 330. P 4 All the Boys in the
School, but I, have the Classick Authors ix usu Delphini,
gilt‘and letter'd on the Back.) 17753 E. Harwoop Gr. §
Rom, Classics (1778) 222 Delphin Classics, quarto. 1802
Dispin /ntrod. Classics 10 note, One of the rarest of the
Delphin editions. 1818 Advt. in Valpy’s Grk. Gram. (ed. 6)
215 The best text will be used, and not the Delphin. 1877
Globe Encycl. 11. 36x Valpy’s Variorum Latin Classics ..
contain the Delphin notes and Juterpretatio.
2. Chem. A bad form of DELPHINE, DELPHININE.
Delphina, Delphinate, Chem.: see DELPHIN-
INE, DELPHINIC.
+ De'lphinate, obs. variant of DAUPHINATE.
1619 Brenr tr. lag ak Counc. Trent (1676) 474 Some new
Stirs, raised by the Hugonots in the Delphinate.
De‘lphine, a. and sé. [See DEtputn.]
1. A variant of DeLpui a. (Webster, 1828).
2. Zool, =DELPHININE a. (Webster, 1828).
3. Chem, = DELPHININE, 5d,
DELTA.
Delphinestrian. xonce-wd. [f. L. delphin-us
dolphin, after eguestrtan.] A rider on a dolphin.
1820 L. Hunt /udicator No. 17 (1822) I. 134 ‘To the great
terror of the young delphinestrian,
Delphinic (delfinik), a. [f. L. delphin-us
dolphin; see DELPHIN 2.] In delphinic acid, an
acid discovered by Cheyreuil in dolphin-oil, and
afterwards in the ripe berries of the Guelder-rose ;
it is identical with inactive valeric acid. A salt of
it is A De*lphinate.
Delphinine (delfinain), 54. Chem. [f. Bot.
L. Delphinium the genus Larkspur.] A highly
poisonous alkaloid obtained from the seeds: of
Delphinium Staphesagria or Stavesacre. Called
also Delphi‘nia, and formerly De‘lphia, Del-
phi:na, Delphine.
1830 Linptey Nat. Syst. Bot. 7 The chemical principle
called Delphine. 1838 ‘I. ‘Tomson Chem. Org. Bodies 246
Delphina was discovered, in 1819, by MM. Lassaigne and
Feneulle in the seeds of the..stavesacre. 1840 Henry Elem.
Chem. II. 304 Of Delphia. 1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem.
II. 310 Delphinine produces nausea when taken internally.
It is said to act on the nervous system, and is used as a
remedy in chronic swellings of the glands. 1876 Harvey
Mat, Med, 769 The active properties are due to delphinia or
delphinine.
De‘lphinine, 2. Of the nature of a dolphin:
in Zool., of or pertaining to the Delphinine or
sub-family of Cetacca, containing the Dolphins and
Porpoises.
+De'lphinite. 0/5. A/in. [f. L. Delphinatus,
Dauphine (f. de/phinus, Dauphin), where found.]
An obsolete name of yellowish green Epidote.
1804 /ourcroy’s Chem, IL. 426 This is the .. delphinite of
Saussure. pttin
Delphinity. A humorous nonce-wd. after
humanity: Dolphin-kind, the nature of dolphins.
1860 Lever Day's Ride x, History has never told that
the dolphins .. charmed by Orpheus were peculiar dolphins
«they were..fish..taken ‘ex medio acervo’ of delphinity.
|| Delphinium delfinidm). Zot, [Bot. Lat.
Delphinium, a. Gr.dedpinov larkspur (Dioscorides),
dim. of deApiv dolphin (so named from the form of
the nectary).] A genus of plants, N.O. Raveuncu-
Jacew, with handsome flowers of irregular form,
comprising the common Larkspur and many other
species. The name is in ordinary horticultural use
for the cultivated species and varieties.
1664 Evetyn Aad, Hort, (1729: 200 Sow divers Annuals ..
as double marigold, Digitalis, Delphinium. 1882 Zhe Car-
den 3 June 384/1 Another fine group is formed by a row of
tall-growing Delphiniums .. in front of Clematises and
Roses. . z
De‘lphinoid, a. and 5b. Zool. [ad. Gr. BeAgu-
voedys like a dolphin, f. deApiv dolphin.]
A. adj. Like or related toa dolphin ; belonging
to the Delphinoidea, a division of the Cetacea,
which includes the dolphins and seals.
In mod. Dicts.
B. sb, A member of the De/phinoidea.
Delphinoidine (delfinoidain). Chem. [f. as
DELPHININE + -01D.] An amorphous alkaloid ob-
tained from the same source as delphinine,
1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex.
|| Delphinus (delfain#s). The Latin word for
‘dolphin’: in Zoo/., the name of the cetaccan genus
containing the Dolphin and its co-species; in
Astron., one of the ancient constellations of the
northern hemisphere, figured as a dolphin.
a 1672 WitLucHBy Jchthyogr. (1686) Tab. Aj, Delphinus.
1835-6 Topp Cyc/. Anat. I. 566/2 ‘The Delphini. .have also
a narrow rostrum.
De'lphisine. Chem. [f. de/phine, DELPHININE,
by insertion of -2s- repr. Gr. to-os equal.] An alka-
loid akin to delphinoidine, obtained from the same
source, in warty crystals. Also called Delphisia.
1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex?
Delta (delta). [Gr. 5€d7a (ad. Pheenician
no daleth), name of the fourth letter of the
Greek alphabet ; also the land at the mouth of the
Nile (Herod.), the Indus (Strabo), etc.]
1. The name of the fourth letter of the Greek
alphabet, having the form of a triangle (A), and the
power of D.
¢ 1400 Maunpev. (1839) iii. 20 3if 3ee wil wite of here A, B,
C..thei clepen hem. .a Alpha..6 Deltha..w Omega. 1601
Hotvanp Pliny 1.96 Many haue called Egypt by the name
of the Greeke letter Delta, 1860 ‘I’. A. G. Batrour 7y.
Char, Nature 118 In Botany the symbol of a perennial
plant is a Delta.
2. Hist. (The Delta.) The tract of alluvial land
enclosed and traversed by the diverging mouths of
the Nile; so called from the triangular figure of
the tract enclosed between the two main branches
and the coast-line.
1555 Even Decades 250 The goulfe of Arabie. . from whense
they determyned to brynge a nauigable trench vnto the
ryuer of Nilus, where as is the fyrst Delta. 1601 HoLtanp
Pliny 1.67 As in ae Nilus maketh that which they call
Delta, 1636 Sir H. Brounr Voy. Levant (1637) 57, 1 en-
uired of the Delta, and the Niles seven streames, 1732
EDIARD Sethos II. 1x. 354 The most convenient port of the
22*
DELTAIC.
Delta, 1875 Jowett //ato (ed, 2) III, 529, At the head of
the Egyptian Delta, where the river Nile divides.
b. Coog. The more or less triangular tract of
alluvial land formed at the mouth of a river, and
enclosed or traversed by its diverging branches.
_ 1790 Ginwon Misc. Wks. (1814) IL. 453 The triangular
island or delta of Mesola, at the mouth of the Po. 1794
Sutuivan View Nat. 1. 94 The earthy matter, borne down
by the floods, is..thrown back upon the shores,-into bays
and creeks, and into the mouths of rivers, wheré it forms
deltas. 1830 Lyett Princ. Geol. I. 13 Islands have become
connected with the main land by the growth of deltas and
new deposits. 1836 Marrvar Olla Podr. xxvi, The two
rivers..enclose a large delta of land. 1 Nation 16 Feb.
125/1 The villages are situated on small deltas, built by tor-
rential streams that descend from the neighboring hills.
3. Any triangular space or figure ; + the constel-
lation of the ‘Triangle.
ig C. Ateyn Hist. //en. V1, 134 But if the nobler souls,
as they maintein’d, Were fixed in the y of some starre,
Then Edwards murder’d sonnes and Warwickes are In those
call’d Delta, of Triangle fashion.
4. attrib. and Comb., as delta-formation, -land;
delta-metal, an alloy of copper, zinc, and iron in-
troduced about 1882, and named in allusion to its
three constituents.
1806 Forsytu Beauties Scot/. 1V. 225 The Carse..con-
sidered as the finest sort of alluvial or delta land. 1858
Geixie Hist. Boulderix.172 The process of delta-formation
remains essentially the same, both in lakes and at the sea.
1862 Dana Alan. Geol. 1. 647 Stratification of delta deposits.
1883 Engineer 23 Feb. 140 Mr. Alexander Dick [has] suc-
ceeded in producing an alloy which he calls ‘ Delta metal’.
1884 Vimes 14 June 8 ‘ Delta metal’. .is an alloy of copper,
zinc, and iron..A steam launch. .has,.been built entirely of
this metal [by Mr. A. Dick].
Deltafica'tion. [f. Detta+-Fication.] ‘The
formation of a delta at the mouth of a river.
1864 in WEBSTER.
Deltaic (delté-ik), a. [mod. f. Gr. 5éAra + -10:
cf. algebraic.] Of, pertaining to, or forming a delta;
of the nature of a delta.
1846 Worcester cites Edin. Rev. 1878 C. J. ANDERSON
in Macm, Mag. Jan. 251/2 A deltaic tract of country tra-
versed by a number of arms of the Cauvery. 1882 Sir R.
‘Tempe in Standard 26 Aug. 3/3 The deltatc population of
the Lower Ganges.
+ Deltan, a. Ols.rare—'. [f. DELTA + -an:
cf. Homan.) Of the Delta of Egypt.
1600 ‘l’ourNEUR Trans. Metamorph. \xv. Wks. 1878 11. 211
‘Throughout the Deltan soile.
Deltation (deltéfon). [mod. f. Derra.]
Formation of a delta at the mouth of a river.
1886 tr. Pellesch’s Argentine Rep. 185 Effects produced
by the deltation or deposition. .of sediment from the rivers
of the Gran Chaco,
Deltic ‘de‘ltik’, a. rare.
Indic.] =DEvTAIc,
1865 Pace Geol. Terms 171 Deltic, of or belonging to
adelta. 1876 — Adv. Text-bk. Geol. xiv. 240 Their plants
seem to have grown in marshes and deltic jungles.
|| Deltidium (deltiditm). Conch. [mod. L.
dim. of Gr, &€Ara Dera, in reference to its shape.
(Cf. Gr, xuvié&soy little dog, from xuv-.)] The trian-
[f. Detta +-1c: cf.
| a little dilated either side.
170
group between the Noctua and the true Pyralide .. Any
one who has seen that insect in repose will recognize the
resemblance in the form of the wings to the Greek Delta,
4, whence the name. 1869 E. Newman Brit, Moths Pref. 3
intended to include the Deltoids, Pyrales, Veneers,
_ and Plumes.
2. Of the nature of the delta of a river.
1837 Penny Cyel. VIII. /t The whole of Holland is
ti Sortantion of deltoid jah = d by the t ing
branches of the Rhine, the Meuse, and the Scheldt. The
deltoid form of the mouths of the Petchora is no longer
recognizable in the group of islands at itsembouchure. 1861
Darwin in — 1887) I1. 364 The French superficial
P are an n ‘ine.
B. sb. 1. The deltoid muscle.. Also in L, form
deltoides, deltoideus.
(1681 tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Deltoides, a
muscle in the top of the arm, having the figure of a Delta,
the Greek D.] 1758 J. S. Le Drax's Observ. Surg. (1771)
149 The Deltoid was elevated by it and much tumi
1860 O. W. Hotes Lisie V. iii. (1891) 32 The deltoid, which
caps the shoulder like an epaulette.
attrib, 1881 Mivart Cat gt External to this is a slightly
roughened and elevated tract called the deltoid ridge.
See quot.)
1879 Rossiter Dict. Sci. Terms, Deltoid, a four-sided
figure formed of two unequal isosceles triangles on opposite
sides of a common base.
3. A Deltoid moth: see A. 1c.
Deltoidal (deltoi-dal), a. [f. prec. +-aL.J] a.
Pertaining to the delta of a river. b. = DELTOID
a.1. ¢. Of the shape of a De.torn (sé. 2).
1837 /enny Cycl VILL. 375/2 Thealluvial tract is fr menily
intersected by a great many deltoidal branches. in W.
K. Stuttivan O'Curry's Anc, Irish 1. Introd. 505 Square,
rectangular or deltoidal instruments of the harp kind.
Deltoideo-, combining form of mod.L. de/toi-
deus adj., used to express ‘ with deltoid tendency’,
‘deltoid and —’, as deltotdeo-lunate.
1850 Lana Geol. App. i. 707 Aperture deltoideo-lunate,
[L., f. dé/u-cre to
|| Delubrum (d/1'7brim).
wash off, cleanse, with instrumental suffix -BRUM.]
gular space, usually covered in by a horny shell or |
operculum, between the beak and the hinge of
brachiopod shells.
1851 RicHarpson Geol. viii. (1855) 232 The form and struc- |
ture of the area and deltidium afford good generic charac-
ters. 1888 Rotteston & Jackson Anim. Life 693 ‘The
groove is usually converted into a foramen by a ‘ deltidium’
which consists of two calcareous pieces.
Deltohedron (deltohidrgn). Crystall. [f.
SeA70-, taken as combining form of next + -HEDRON. ]
1879 Rossiter Dict. Sci. Terms, Deltohedron, a solid
figure the surface of which is formed by twenty-four deltoids.
Deltoid (deltoid), a. (sé.) [mod. a. Gr, 5eA-
roadns delta-shaped, triangular: see -o1p. So F.
deltoide (in Paré, 16th c.) ; mod.L. de/toides (Lin-
neeus), and de/toideus.]
1. Resembling the Greek letter A in shape; trian-
gular; esf.in Zot., of a leaf; also triangular in
section, as the leaf of Mesembryanthemum deltoi-
deum ; also in comb., as deltoid-ovate, of an ovate
outline but somewhat deltoid; so de/totd-hastate,
etc,
1753 Cuamners Cycl. Supf.s.v. Leaf, Deltoide Leaf, 1
Minton Lang Bans 9. A aul Of ise conminns Back Por
lar .. is given as an instance of a deltoid leaf in Linnzus’s
specific characters. 184§ Linptey Sch. Bot, vii. (1858) 122
Leaves ovate, acute, somewhat deltoid, 1870 Hooker Stud,
Flora 240 Cicendia .. calyx panulate, teeth deltoid
b. Deltoid muscle (Anat.): the large muscle of
triangular shape which forms the prominence of the
shoulder ; it serves to raise the arm and draw it
from the body. Dedtoid ligament: see quot. 1835.
1741 Monro Anat, (ed. 9) 237 Some Part of the deltoid
Muscle, 1835-6 ‘Topp Cycl. Anat. 1. 152 The internal tibio-
tarsal ligament, is also called the internal lateral, and by
Weithecht, the de/toid ligament. 1877 RosentuHat Musels
& Nerves 92 The elevator of the upper arm, which on ac-
count of its triangular shape is called the deltoid muscle.
e. Entom. Deltoid moth: a moth which in re-
= spreads its wings over the back in a triangular
orm; also adsol.
1859 H. IT. Stainton Manual Brit. Butterflies & Moths
Il. 125 Deltoides, these insects form a sort of connecting
1. A temple, shrine, or sanctuary.
2. Lecl. Arch. a. A church furnished with a font.
b. A font.
1665 Sin T. Hersert 77vaz, (1677) 164 The Ethnique Ro-
mans. -at the entrance into their Temples had tanks or like
places to wash in: Deluéra they called them. 1698 Fryer
ale
Fire, maintaining it always alive in the Delubriums, or
Places set apart for their Worship.
+ Delu‘ce, dely’s. (és. A shortening of
flower deluce, a former anglicized form of F. fleur
“de lis (OF. dys), i.e. lily-flower, the ensign of the |
jourbons. Also deluce flower.
©1450 Loneticn Grail xliti, 253 Owt of the delys, A rose
Owt sprang Of Riht gret pris. 1586 W. Wesne Eng. Joe! rie
(Arb.) 84 Kyngcuppe and Lillies..and the deluce flowre.
DELUGE.
world may be blinded. 1687 T. Brown Saints in Uproar
Wks. 1730 I. 81 They are seven as arrant imposters as ever
deluded the credulous world. De Foe's Eng. Trades-
man I, xxii. 211 The world en in, deluded, and im-
a ye by outside and tinsel. 1853 Bricur Sf. /ndia 3
une, y which ob d responsibility and deluded
public 5
b. with extension (on, 40, into).
a 1643 W. Cartwricut Lady-Errant w. i, Go, and delude
them on, Fa De For Crusoe (1840) 1. xv. 259 The many
"on fore made use of, to delude mankind to their ruin,
1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 512 Let no one be deluded by
poets. .into a mistaken belief of such things.
+4. To frustrate the aim or purpose of; to elude,
evade. Obs,
1536 Act 28 Hen. VIII, c.5 Diuers .. haue .. practised to
defraude and delude the sayd..statutes. 1600 Hosp. Inc.
Fooles 58 Thus did he delude the last blow of this despiteful
Foole. r160r Hottann Pliny x. 1, There was a starting hole
found to delude and pe the ing thereof. IR
T. Hersert 7 ray, (ed. 2) 11 The 7. of June she ine de-
luded us, after two houres chase. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt.
Eng. 1. xii. (1739) 66 The entailing of Estates..was very
ancient, although by corrupt custom it was deluded. 1680
Dryven Ovid's Ff. vii. (R.), Tyber now thou seek’st .. Yet
it deludes thy searc
5. To beguile (time). Ods.
1615 Val. Welshm. (1663) Bij b, I need not here delude The
precious time. 1660 R. Coxe Power & Subj. Pref. 1 In
entertaining worldly pleasures, thereby to delude, and spend
their time.
Deluded (diliz-déd), pp/: a. [f. prec. + -ED.]
Deceived by mocking prospects, beguiled, misled :
see the verb.
@ 1628 Sir J. Beaumont Trenihe Our Lord in Farr S. P.
James J (1848) 145 To weane deluded mindes From fond
delight. 1710 Norris Chr. Prud. iv. 153 With disappoint-
ment and a deluded expectation. 1781 tone Decl. & F.
III. 237 Their deluded votaries.
Hence Deludedly adv.
1830 Blackw. Mag. XXVIII. 364 So deludedly stupid as
to believe himself Apollo.
Deluder (</1'z-daz).
[f£ Derupe v. + -ER.]
One who deludes.
*. India & P. 265 Attributing Divine Honour to the |
1594 Par Fewell-ho. 111. 44 ‘The purple part of the leafe of |
the flower deluce.
Delucidate, -itate, obs. ff. DitucipaTe.
Deludable (d/l'7-dab'l), a. [f. DeLuDE v. +
-ABLE.] Capable of being deluded.
1646 Six T. Brownr /seud. £f.1. ii, He is not so ready to
deceive himself, as to falsifie unto him whose Cognition is
no way deludatle.
Delude (d/li#d), v. [ad. L. délitd-tre to play
false, mock, deceive, f. Dk- I. 4 + /adere to play.
(Cf. rare obs. F. deluder, 1402 in Godef.)]
+1. ¢rans. To play with (any one) to his injury
or frustration, under pretence of acting seriously ;
to mock, esf. in hopes, expectations, or purposes ;
to cheat or disappoint the hopes of. Ods.
1494 Fanyan Chron, vit. ccxxxiv, 270 The Cristen prynces
seinge that they were thus deluded. 1543 i . H. Turner
Select, Rec. Oxford 170 A man that,.hadde deluded wyth
delayes the..commissioners, 1596 Nasne Saffron Walden
35 There isno Husbandman but tills and sowes in hope of
a good crop, though manie times he is deluded with a bad
Haruest. 1630 Dekker and Pt. Honest Wh. Wks. 1873
II, 138 Yet sure i’th end he ‘ll delude all my hopes, 1671
MiLton Samson 396 Thrice I deluded her, and turned to
ap Her importunity. Dryven Virg. Past. vit. 30
‘or by the fraudful God deluded long, They now resolve to
ve hele promis'd Song.
b. To disappoint or deprive of by fraud or de-
ceit; to defraud of. alan nail
Petronilla 99 Of his was deludyd.
A + Faire Em. 904 Whess venbonn? -T am “ dolnaya
this escape. 1586 A. Day rs Secretary us. (1625) 88
‘ong men .. cautelously..deluded of that, whereunto
their parents and birth do commend them. 1594 MarLowe
& Nasune Dido v. Wks. (Rtldg.) 272/2 Thou for some petty
gift hast let him go, And I am thus deluded of my boy.
+2. To deride, mock, laugh at. Ods. rare.
1526 Pilgr. Per/.(W. de W. 1531) 300 b, Thus beaten and
deluded Annas sent the bounde to Coyphas. 1586 [cf. De-
LUDER].
3. To befool the mind or judgement of, so as to
cause what is false to be accepted as true ; to bring
by deceit into a false opinion or belief; to cheat,
deceive, beguile; to impose upon with false im-
pressions or notions.
¢1450 Henryson Comp/. Creseide(R.), The idol of a thing
in case may be So depe emprinted in the fantasie That it
deludeth the wittes outwardly. 1§26 ‘Tinpate Acts viii. 11
With he had deluded their wittes, 1532 Frira
Mirre: (182) 272 God..cannot be deluded, although the
(In quot. 1586, one who mocks or derides.)
— A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 122 That he be no
ordinary scoffer, or frivolous deluder of other mens speeches,
gestures, reasons, or conditions. 1629 Prynne (tit/e), God
no Impostor nor Deluder. 1713 Rowe Yane Shore v, Thou
soft deluder, Thou beauteous witch. 1725 Pore Odyss. xu.
221 Thus the sweet deluders tune the song. Barham
Ingol. Leg., Look at Clock, Gin's but a snare of Old Nick
the deluder.
Deluding (dil'i#diy), vd/. sb. [-1nG1.] The
action of the verb DELUDE: cheating.
1645 Mitton Jetrach. (1851) 184 No Covnant .. intended
to the good of both parties, can hold to the deluding or
making miserable of them both. a 16g0 Br. Parpeaux Ench.
ias and Sapphira’s dainty deludings with a
228 (T.) A pp
smooth lie.
Ppl.a. [-InNG2,] That deludes,
Deluw di
1596 Suaks. Zam. Shr. 1. iii. 31 Thou false deluding
slaue, That feed’st me with the uerie name of meate. 1649
Mitron Zikon, xxviii, Not as a deluding ceremony, but as
areal condition. 1727 Dyer Grongar Hill 120 Ey'd thro’
hope’s deluding glass.
Hence Delu'dingly adv.
1641 ‘Smectymnuus’ Vind. Answ. § 5. 63 To performe
the contrary to what hee hath deludingly promised,
Deluge (devlivdz), sb. Also 4-5 (7) diluge,
6 diludge, (7 dyluge). [a. F. dé/uge (12th c. in
Hatzf.), early ad. L. di/uvium (see Dituvium),
modified after the example of words of popular
formation (Hatzf.). OF. forms nearer to the L.
were deluve, delouve, diluve; cf. Pr. diluvi, Sp. and
It. diluvio. An earlier ME. form was Dituvy, In
the 15th c. it rimed with Auge.
1. A great flood or overflowing of water, a de-
hyperbolically,
structive inundation. (Often
e.g. of a heavy fall of rain.)
1374 Cuaucer Boeth. u. vi. 51 Ne no deluge ne so
es. € 1393 — Scogan 14 Thow cawsest this diluge
v.r, deluuye) of pestilence. Shox Houtann Pili 1. 39
"here es with earthquakes, deluges
inundations of the sea. 1634 Sir T. Hersert Jar. 54
A viol raine .. d such a sudden Deluge...
that a Car of two th d Is perisht, 1720 Gay
Poems (1745) 1. 139 When the bursting clouds a deluge pour.
1748 F. Sarre Voy. Disc. NW, Pass, 1. 121 A Hi Foe
where tl might go free from the Ice and the Sprin
Deluge, which sometimes happens .. by the Sudd
the ‘Thaw. 1855 Moriey Dutch Rep. (1861) II, 79 The
memorable deluge of the thirteenth century out of which
the Zuyder Zee was born. Houxtey Physiogr. 131
Where the rain comes down as a
2. sfec. The great Flood in the time of Noah
(also called the general or universal deluge).
tr og Cuaucer Pars. 7. ? 765 God dreynte al the world
at the diluge [w.. diluve]. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour
D viij, The deluge or gaderyng of waters in the dayes of
Noe. 1559 W. Cunnincuam Cosmogr. Glasse 1 on a
port whiche was builded before the diludge. Car.
renter Geog. Ded. u1.i. 8 In the g Il deluge al!
suffered for their sinnes a ue of waters. 1725 De For
Voy. round World (1840) rom odin shad the general
adie. 1880 Ourna Moths 1. 46 It must have been worn
at the deluge.
DELUGE.
of the Gothes, Hunnes and Vandales. 1667 Micron ?. LZ.
1, 68 A fiery Deluge, fed With ever-burning Sulphur uncon-
sum’d. | 1760-72 tr. Fuan § Ulioa’s Voy. (ed. I. 252 The
whole city and. .country were often, as it fees Wane under
adeluge ofashes. 1872 Brack Adv. Phaeton xxvi. 359 When
the waters of this deluge of rhetoric had abated.
+4. The inundation (of). Also fig. Obs.
160r Hottanp Pliny I. 65 In the generall deluge of the
countrey by raine they only veniainied aliue, 163t WrEveR
Anc, Fun. Mon, 768 Demolished long before the violent
deluge of such buildings, which happened in the raigne of
King Henry the eight.
Deluge (de'lizdz), v. [f. the sb.: cf. to flood.)
1. trans. To flow or pour over (a surface) in a
deluge; to flood, inundate; also adso/.. (Often
used hyperbolically.)
1649 Montrose fit. Chas. Jin Bp. Guthrie's Mem. (1702)
255, I1’de weep the World in such a Strain, As it should
deluge once again. 1715-20 Pore //iad xx1. 383 At every
_ step, before Achilles stood The crimson surge, and delug’d
him with blood. 1727 Dr For Syst. AZagic 1. iv. (1840) 104
Sufficient to deluge the World, and drown Mankind. 1787
Generous Attachment 111. 82'The Heavens now denieed an
good earnest. 1790 Map. D’Arsiay Diary Aug., He left
me neither more nor less than deluged in tears. 1869 Puit-
ties Vesuveiii. 48 Hot water from the mountain deluged the
neighbourhood.
2, fig. and transf.
1654 E. Coxe Logick (1657) Avij b, Truths that before
deluged you, will take you now but up to the Ancles. 1732
Pore Ep. Bathurst 137 At length Corruption, like a gen’ral
flood .. Shall deluge all, 1833 Hr. Martineau Loom §
Lugger i. i. 2 The market was deluged with smuggled silks.
1850 W. IrvinG Goldsmith xxi, 227 The kingdom was
deluged with pamphlets.
Hence De'luged £/. a. ; De‘luger, one who de-
luges (nonce-wd.) ; De‘luging vd/. sb. and ffl. a.
1712 Biackmore (J.), The delug’d earth. 1824 Miss Mrr-
rorp Village Ser. 1. (1863) 177 The sky promised a series
of deluging showers. 1834 Georgian Era 1V. 463/2 He
vented his reproaches upon the deluger. 1887 Bowen Vig.
Aeneid mu. 625 The deluged threshold in gore Ran. 1890
W. C. Russet Ocean Trag. IL. xxi. 183 These darkening,
glimmering, green delugings.
+ Delu‘mbate, v. Ods. rare. [f. ppl. stem of
L. délumbére to lame in the loin, f. Dr- I. 6 +
Zumbus loin, flank.] ¢rans, To lame, maim, emas-
culate. :
1609 Be. W. Bartow Answ. Nameless Cath. 316 His cut-
ting of Fathers when hee cites them for his aduantage ; de-
lumbating the positions of Protestants to make their doctrine
odious. 1623 Cockreram, Delumbate, to beate, weaken, to
breake. 1624 Br. Mountacu Gagg Pref. 18 Vertullian, Basil,
Chrysostome .. we neither geld nor delumbate for speaking
too plaine nor use them like you.
| Delundung (de‘londyn), Also delendung.
[Native Javanese name.] - The weasel-cat of Java
and Malacca, belonging to the civet family.
1840 tr. Cuvier’'s Anim. Kingd. 92 Delundung. A rare
Javanese animal, of slender form, very handsomely streaked
and spotted. Allied to the Genets.
+Delu:sible, a. Ols. rare. [f. L. déliis-, ppl.
stem of déliidére to DELUDE: see -BLE.] Capable
of being deluded ; deludable.
1665 BoyLe Occas. Refi. 1. viii. (1845) 93 After they have
been admitted by the more delusible faculty we call Fancy,
I make them pass the severer scrutiny of Reason.
Delusion (d/lizzon). Also 5 delucion [ad.
L. déliision-em, n. of action from délidére to Dr-
LUDE: see -I0N. (Cf. rare obs. F. delusion, 16th c.
in Godef.)] The action of deluding ; the condition
of being deluded.
+1. The action of befooling, mocking, or cheating
a person in his expectations; the fact of being so
cheated or mocked. Oés.
1494 Fanyan Chron. vu. 498 Whan kyng Charlys was as-
sertaynyd of this delusyon, he was greuouslye dyscontentyd
agayne the Gascoynes, 1542 Hen. VIII Declar. Scots 197
We haue paciently suffred many delusions, and notably the
laste yere, when we made preparation at Yorke for his re-
paire to vs. 1624 Carr. Smit Virginia i. 158 They saw
all those promises were but delusions. 1656 Blount Glossogr.,
Delusion, a mocking, abusing or deceiving.
2. The action of befooling with false impressions
or beliefs ; the fact or condition of being cheated
and led to believe what is false.
© 1420 Lype. Story of Thebes 1.(R.), But he her put in
delusion As he had done it for the nones. TINDALE
2 Thess. ii. 11 God shall sende them stronge delusion, that
they shuld beleve lyes. 1329 More Dyadoge 1. Wks. 177/2
‘Thinges ., done gs deuill for our delusion. 167 Mitton
P. R, 1. 443 God hath justly giv’n the nations up To thy
delusions. 1762 Foore Liay 1. Wks. 1799 I. 319, ¥. W. By
all that’s sacred, Sir—. O. W.1 am now deaf to your delu-
sions. 1853 Bricur Sf. /udia 3 une, This concealment ..
this delusion practised upon public opinion, 1876 Freeman
Norm. Cong. V. xxiii, 331 In all this there was something
= ~ willing delusion of a people that takes its memories
‘or hopes. : = as
3. Anything that deceives the mind with a false
impression ; a deception; a fixed false opinion or
belief with regard to objective things, esf. as a
form of mental derangement.
1852 Hutorr, Delusion wroughte by enchauntmente, Jrv-
stigium, 1888 Fraunce Lawiers Log. t. ii. 5 For that there-
by men .. fell headlong into divers delusions and erronious
conceiptes. 1638 Junius Painting of Anc. 117 It shall re-
semble a juglers delusion. 1720 Gay Poems (1745) II. 163
Some dark delusion swims before thy sight. 1874 C. Gerke
Life in Woods xvi. 275 The poor fellow was only labouring
under a delusion.
171
+4. Elusion, evasion. (Cf. DELUDE v. 4.) Ods.
1606 HoLtanp Swefon. 10 That none ever after should by
such delusion of the law seeke evasion.
Delusional (d/liz zonal), a. [-at.] Of the
nature of, or characterized by, delusion.
1871 J. R. Reynotps Syst, Med. (1878) II. 29 Delusional
Insanity. 1884 American IX. 88 They regarded Taylor
as a ‘delusional monomaniac’. 1891 Dazly News 7 July
7/t She suffers from delusional insanity; that is, her actions
depend upon false judgments of existing facts.
Delusionist (d/lizzonist). [-1sv.] a. One
wno is addicted to deluding. b. One given up to
delusions.
1841 A. W. Fonntangue in Life §& Labours (1874) 151 The
great delusionist is to make believe that he is pledged to the
one [ete.]. 1845 CartyLe Cromwell (1871) 1V. 25 Day-dream-
ing Delusionists.
Delusive (dilivsiv), a. [f. délis-, ppl. stem
of L. délidére to DELUDE : see -1VE.]
1. Having the attribute of deluding, characterized
by delusion, tending to delude, deceptive.
1605 B. Jonson Volfone 1. i, A fox Stretch’d on the earth,
with fine delusive sleights, Mocking a gaping crow. 1638
Sir T. Hersert 77vav. (ed. 2) 110 In it [Arabia] was hatcht
the delusive Alcaron. 1736 Butter Anal. Relig. 1. i. 16
Imagination. .that forward delusive Faculty. 1759 JouNnson
Rasselas xx, Appearances are delusive. 1855 PrescoTr
Philip 11, 1. Ww. iv. 440 Holding out delusive promises o
succour, 1869 Prinuirs Mesvz, iii. 88 The lava had a de-
lusive aspect of yielding to any impression.
2. Of the nature of a delusion.
1645 Mitton 7vfrvach. (1851) 156 The breed of Centaures
..the fruits of a delusive mariage. 1833 Loner. Coflas de
Manrique xiii, Behold of what delusive worth ‘The bubbles
we pursue on earth.
Delusively (déli#sivli), adv. [-1y2.] Ina
delusive manner.
1646 GauLE Cases Cousc. 46 God utterly deserting, the
Devill delusively invading. 1648 A. Burret Cord. Calen-
ture 5 Uhe Officers of the Navie did delusively cause Seaven
great Frigots to be built. 1818 Mav. D'Arpiay Diary 17
ov., How sweet to me were those words, which I thought
—alas, how delusively !—would soothe and invigorate re-
covery. 1885 Manch. Exam, 6 June 5/3 The senses act
delusively and uncertainly.
Delusiveness (délidsivnés). [-ness.] De-
lusive or deceptive quality.
ax6s2 J. Smitu Sed. Disc. vi. 208 The wiser sort of the
heathen have happily found out the lameness and delusive-
nessofit, 1811 Lama 7 vag. Shaks., ‘Vhis exposure of super-
natural agents upon the stage is truly bringing ina candle
to expose their own delusiveness. 1873 M. Arnotp Lit. &
Dogunta (1876) 183 It is needful to show the line of growth
of this Aberglaube, and its delusiveness.
+ Deluso‘rious, @. Ods. rare. [f. med. or mod.
L. déliisori-us DELUSORY + -OUS.] =next.
1625 Jackson Creed vy. xliii, Delusorious imaginations of
brotherly love’s inherence in hearts wherein [etc.].
Delusory (d/lizsori), a. [ad. med. or mod.L.
delisori-us, f. ppl. stem @éliis- (see DELUSIVE): cf.
obs. F. delusotre (15th c.\.] Having the character
of deluding ; of deluding quality; delusive.
1588 J. Harvey Déscours. Probl. 41 Practises deuised onely
. -as delusorie experiments, and wilie sleights to make fooles,
r61x Speep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. ix. §85 His errand was in
shew glorious, but in truth both delusory and unprofitable.
1686 Goan Celest. Bodies 1. iii. 10 Are all Pretences toa Pre-
science. .delusory and impossible? 1753 Hervey 7heron &
Aspasio Ded.(1786) 4 Beguiled by delusory pleasures. 1814
Map. D’Arsiay Wanderer 11. 430, I had some hope. .but
I had already given it up as delusory.
+ Delute, v. Obs. rare—°. [ad. L. délutare, f.
De- I. 3 + /utare to daub with /etam moist clay.]
1623 Cockeram, Delute, to cover with clay.
Deluvian, -ate, Deluvy: see DI-,
+ Delvage (delvédz). Obs. [f. Detve v. +
-AGE.] Delving; the digging, ploughing, or turn-
ing up of the soil in process of tillage.
1610 W. FotkincuaM A7rt of Survey 1. vii. 14 Deluage is
applyed about preparing, and putrifying of the Earth by
stirring, tossing and turning of the same. 1688 R. Hotme
Armoury U1. 333/2 Delvage. .is.. Vertillage.
Delve (delv), 54. [Partly a variant of DeLr sd.
(cf. staff, stave), partly n. of action from DELVE v.]
1. A cavity in or under the ground ; excavation,
pit, den; =Dexr sd, 1, (The pl. delves is found
with either sing.)
1590-6 Spenser /’. Q. u1. vii. Argt., Guyon findes Mammon
in a delve Sunning his threasure hore. /6i, 1v. i, 20 It is
a darksome delue farre vnder ground. 1729 SAvacEe
Wanderer 111. 303 The delve obscene, where no suspicion
pries. 1748 ‘THomson Cast. Jidol. 1. 682 There left thro’
delves and deserts dire to yell. 18153 Moore Lad/a R. tv.
(1850) 226 The very tigers from their delves Look out. 1820
Suetiey Hymn to Mercury xix, And fine dry logs and roots
innumerous He gathered in a delve upon the ground.
2. A hollow or depression in a surface ; a wrinkle.
1811 in Pall Mall G. 4 Oct. 1892, 3/1 If it be the same
bottle I found under his bed, there is a ‘delve’ in it into
which Ican put my thumb. (1869 Daily News 8 July, The
pursed up mouths, the artificial lines and delves, the half-
closed eyes of those [marksman] to be seen sighting, and
‘cocking’, and aiming for the Queen’s to-day.
3. An act of delving; the plunging (of a spade)
into the ground,
1869 Daily News 1 Mar., He quickly learns that every
delve of his spade in the earth means money.
4. (See quot.) Obs.—°
1706 Puituirs (ed. Kersey), Delve, asa Delve of Coals, i.e.
DELVE.
a certain quantity of Coals digged in the Mine or Pit. r7axr
in BarLey; hence in Johnson, etc.
Delve (delv), v. Forms : 1 delf-an, 2- deluen,
(3 delfen, Or. dellfenn), 3-7 delue, 4 deluyn,
5 delvyn, 4— delve, (5-6 Sc. delf, delfe). Ju. 4.
and pa. pple. 4- delved : earlier forms see below.
[A Common WGer. vb. originally strong: OE,
delfan; dealf, dulfon; dolven; corresp. to OF ris.
delva, OS. (6i-)\deloan, MDu. and Du. delven, LG.
dolben, OHG. (b2-)telban, MUG, felben:—OTeut.
ablaut series de/6-, dalb-, dulb-; not known in Norse,
nor in Gothic; but having cognates in Slavonic.
The original strong inflexions were retained more
or less throughout the ME. period, though with
various levellings of the singular and plural
forms, dalf, du/ven, in the pa. t., and replace-
nent of the plural form by that of the pa. pple.
dolven; they are rare in the 16th c.; the weak
inflexions are found already in the 14th c., and
are now alone in use. ‘The verb has itself been
largely displaced by Dic, but is still in common use
dialectally.]
A. Forms of past tense and pa. pple.
l. Past tense. Strong; a. sing. 1 dealf, 2-5
dalf, 4-5 dalfe, dalue; 4 delf, delue; 6 (g
arch.) dolve.
c1000 /ELrric Gen. xxi. 30 Ic dealf pisne pytt. ¢ 1250 Ger.
§ Ex, 2718 Stille he dalf him [in] de sond. @ 1300 Cursor
ATL, 21530 (Cott.) Lang he delf(z. 77. delue, dalue} but noght
he fand. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 48/3 He dalfe a pit be-
hynde the cyte. 1489 — /aytes of 1.1, xvii. 50 He..dalue
the erth. 1598 Barckiry /edic. Alan 1. (1603) 66 Wo worth
the wight that first dolve the mould.
Di eho, 5 dulfon ; 2-3 dulfen, 3 duluen; 3-4
dolfen, 3-5 dolue(n, dolve n.
axo00 Martyrol. 138 Pa dulfon hi in pre ylean stowe.
c 1205 Lay. 21998 Alfene hine dulfen [¢ 1275 dolue]. @ 1225
Ancr. RK. 292 Heo duluen mine vet. cxzgo Gen. §& La.
3189 Dor he doluen .. and hauen up-bro3t de bones. ¢ 1290
S. Eng. Leg. 1. 427/239 Huy doluen and beoten faste. a 1400
Prymer (1891) 107 ‘Vhey dolfen myn handes and my feet.
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 57/1 Vhegypciens wente and doluen
pittes for water. 1865S. Evans Bro. Fabian 59 Vhey dolve
a grave beneath the arrow.
B. 4 dalfe, dalue, dalf, 5 dalff; 4 delf.
@ 1300 Cursor M. 7786 (Gitt.) Pai dalf [v7.7 dalue] it in a
wodis side. /é7d. 21146 Cott.) Pe cristen men par delf [v. 7
dalue, Gott, delued, 77%. buryed] him pan. 1489 Caxton
Faytes of Ao, xxxv, 153 They dalff the erthe.
IVeak sing. and pl. 4-5 delued ( f/. -eden),
4 -id, delfd, 5 deluyde, 4— delved.
@ 1300 Cursor M. 16877 Cott.) Pai delued him. .in a yerd be
petun. /é7d. 18562 (Gitt.) Pai him hanged. . And deluid him,
Jdid. 19256 \Cott.) pai.. pat right nu delfd pi ded husband.
1382 Wycuir Gev, xxi. 30, I deluyde this pit. 1388 — /’s,
Ivi. 7 Thei delueden [1382 doluen] a diche bifore my face.
1605 Rowtanps //ell’s Broke Loose 15 For when old Adam
delu’d, and Euah span, Where was my silken veluet Gentle-
man?
2. Pa. pple. Strong. 1-4 dolfen, 2-6 doluen,
3-4 duluen, dolfe, 3-6 dolue, 4 dollin, -yn,
delluin, 4-6 dolven, (-yn, dolve, (5 doluyn,
-wyn); 6 delfe. /JVeak. 6-7 delued, (6 Sc.
deluet), 6- delved.
c1000 les. Ps. xciii. 12 Deop adolfen, deore and Systre.
¢ 1250 Gen. & 2. 1895 Starf ysaac.. was doluen on Sat stede.
a 1300 Cursor AL. 5428 (Cott.', I be noght duluen in pis land.
Tbid. 5494 (Gott.) Dede and doluie [C. duluen, 7. dolue, 7’.
doluen] par war pai. 1340 /d¢d. 3214 (Fairf.) In ebron
dalue hir sir abraham, per formast was dollyn alde adam.
¢1325 Leg. Rood (1871) 113 Quen he ri3t depe had dellui[n]
sare. a@1400 Prymer (1891) 77, He hat[{h] opened the lake
and dolfe hym. c¢ 1430 Lypc. Bochas tw. ii. (1554) 102 a, She
was ydolue lowe. a1450 Le Morte Arth. 3604 Dolwyn
dede. 1587 Goipinc De Mornay xi. 159 To seeke Death
where it seemeth to be doluen most deepe. ?a 1600 A/erline
733 in Percy Folio 1. 445 Her one sister quick was delfe.
1582 [see B 1, quot. 1398]. 1596 Datrymrce tr. Lesdie’s
Hist. Scot. (1885) 7 In sum places of Ingland. .is deluet upe
na small quantitie of Leid. 1756 [see B 7].
B. Signification.
1. rans, To dig; to turn up with the spade ; es/.
to dig (ground) in preparation for a crop. Now
chiefly orth. and Sc., where it is the regular word
for ‘digging’ a garden. In Shropshire, according
to Miss Jackson, ¢o delve is sfec. to dig two spades
deep. :
c 888 K. ZEtrrep Boeth. xl. § 6 Swelce hwa nu delfe eorban
& finde par Sonne goldhord. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R.
xiv. i. (Tollem. MS.) Pe more londe is doluen [1g82 delved]
and erid and ouerturnid, pe virtu pat is berin is be more
medljd with all pe parties age c1420 Pallad. on Husb.
u. 74 Thi lande unclene alle doluen uppe mot be. cx
Hytton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) 1. xlii, Vntyll this
grounde be well ransaken & depe doluyn. 1576 GascoiGNe
Steele Gl. (Arb.) 58 To delue the ground for mines of glister-
ing gold. 1577-95 Descr. [sles Scot. in Skene Celtic Scotd.
Til. App. 431, Thay use na pleuchis, but delvis thair corn
land with spaiddis. @16r0 Banincton Wks, (1622) 269 We
ouer and ouer.. plow our land, and delue our gardens.
1799 J. Roserrson Agric. Perth 247 He directs the moss to
be delved or dug up with spades, and the manure to be
chiefly lime. 1845 R. W. Hamicron Pop. Educ. iii. (ed. 2)
37 Time was when our countrymen united every employ-
ment; they delved the soil, they wove the fleece.
fig. 61x SuHaxs. Cyd. 1. i. 28 What's his name, and
Birth?..I cannot delve him to the roote: His Father Was
call’d Sicillius.
. 22* - 2
DELVE.
b. ¢ransf. of burrowing animals.
1484 Caxton Fables of AZsop u. v, Of a hylle whiche be-
anne to tremble and shake by cause of the molle whiche
lued hit. RB, Suaks. Ven. & Ad. 687 Sometime he runs..
where earth-delving conies k 1661 Lytton & Fane
Tannhduser 49 The blind mole that delves the earth. _
2. To make (a hole, pit, ditch, etc.) by digging ;
to excavate. arch.
¢8as Vesp. Psalter vii. 16 Sead ontynde & dalf. c 1000
#Ecruic Deut. vi. 11 Wxterpyttas pa be ge ne dulfon. ¢ 1205
Lay. be 3 Pe king lette deluen anne dich [c 1275 dealue
one dic’ ; @ 1300 Cursor AM. 21063 Cott.) First he did his
graf to deluen. 1393 Lanot. P. Pl. C. xxu. 365 To delue
and dike a deop diche. 1513 DoucLas neis x1. ix. 68 Sum
.. Befor the portis delvis — deip. 1549-62 STeRnu.
& H. Ps. vii. 13 He digs a ditch and delues it deepe. 1659
D. Pewt Jmpr. of Sea 338 Sextons to delve the graves of
the greatest part of his Army. 1795 Sourney Yoan of Arc
vu. 477 Underneath the tree.. They delved the narrow
house. 18ax Crare /id/. Minstr. 1. 65 Delving the ditch
a livelihood to earn. 1872 AusTIN Bson Bookworm,
Vignettes (1873) 209 To delve, in folios’ rust and must The
tomb he lived in, dry as dust.
b. ¢ransf. and fig.
¢ 1600 SHaks. Sonn. lx, Time .. delues the paralels in
beauties brow. 1855 SINGLETON | /rg//1. 81 The moles have
delved Their chambers. 1872 Geo. Evior Middlem. xi. 169
Mrs. Vincy's face, in which forty-five years had delved
neither angles nor parallels.
+8. To put or hide in the ground by digging ;
esp. to bury (a corpse). Ods.
c1200 OrMIN 6484 Patt lic patt smeredd iss berwib) Biforr
pers mann itt dellfepp. 1387 Trevisa //igden (Rolls) VII. 77
oseph dalf wip his fader meche tresour in be er’ c 1450
Mirour Saluacioun 4888 Bespitted, scourgid, and corovned,
dede, dolven, and ascendid. 1481 Caxton Neynard (Arb.) 36
My fader had founden kyng ermeryks tresour doluen in a
pytte. 1§87 GoLpinc De Mornay xi. 159 Consider how often
men go to seeke Death where it seemeth to be doluen most
deepe, and yet finde it not.
Chase 1. 38 In the dry crumbling Bank Their Forms they
delve, and cautiously avoid The dripping Covert.
4. To obtain by digging ; to dig zp or out of (the |
ground); to exhume. arch. or dial.
c1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. vi. 19 Per Seofas hit delfad &
forstelap. ¢1374 Cuavucer Bocth. 1. v. 51 He pat first dalf
vp pe gobets or be wey3tys of gold, couered vndir erbe.
©1385 — Sgr.’s 7.630 Now can nought Canace bot herbes
delve Out of the grounde. c 1440 Promp, Parv.118 Delvyn’
vp owte of.the erthe, efodio. 1587 Turperv. Trag. 7.(18 37)
255 Do delve it up, and burne it (Bass 1596 DaLRyMrLe tr.
Leslie's Hist. Scot. w. (1887) 207 Delfeing vpe his fatheris
reliques. 1777 Barmby Inclos. Act 26 Yo cut, dig, delve,
gather and carry away any turves or sods. 1866 Nrace
Sequences & //ymns 35 In the valleys where they delve it,
how the gold is good indeed. 1870 Hawtnorne ee Note-
Bhs, (1879) I. 226 Minerals, delved, doubtless, out of the
hearts of the mountains.
+ 5. To pierce or penetrate as by digging. Ods.
a1225 Ancr. R. 292 Heo duluen mine vet & mine honden.
He ne seide nout bet heo purleden mine vet & mine honden,
auh duluen. Vor efter pisse lettre .. pe neiles weren so dulte
pet heo duluen his flesch. c1340 Ayend. 263 Yef pe uader
of be house wyste huyche time pe byef were comynde,
uor-zobe he wolde waky and nolde na3t polye pet me dolue
his hous. 1382 Wyctir /’s. xxifi]. 17 Thei dolue (v7
delueden] myn hondis and my feet. ¢ 1450 Bk. Curtasye
327 in Babees Bk. 308 Ne delf thou never nose thyrle With
thombe ne fyngur.
6. To dint or indent. dal.
1788 W. MarsHatt East )orks. Gloss., Delve, to dint or
bruise, as a pewter or a tin vessel, 1876 Whitby Gloss.,
Delve..to indent, as by a blow upon pewter; which is then
said to be delved. 1877 //oliferness Gloss., Delve, to indent
or bruise a table, or metal surface, by a blow.
7. absol. or intr. To labour with a spade in hus-
bandry, excavating, etc.; to dig. arch. or foet.,
and dia/, (In most dialect glossaries from Lin-
colnsh. and Shropsh. northward.)
c1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke xvi. 3 Ne m:ez ic delfan, me sceamad
so ic wedlize. axzaag Aucr. XR. 384 jif eax ne kurue, ne
spade ne dulue .. hwo kepte ham uorte holden? ¢ 1340
Hamrote in Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS.79 When Adam
dalfe and Eue spane..Whare was pan be pride of man?
1430 Pilger. Lyf Manhode ut. viii. (1869) 140 Folk how-
en and doluen aboute pe cherche. 1512 Act 4 Hen.V//1,
c. 1 § 4 To digge and to delve. .for arth, stoman and turfes.
1535 Srewart Cron. Scot. 111. 41 [He] saw ane ald man ..
Delfand full fast with ane spaid in his hand. 1602 Suaks.
Ham. 1. iv. 208, I will delve one yard below their mines.
1786 C. Lucas Ess. Waters 111. 113 Men have. .delved into
the bowels of the earth. x Loncr. M1. Standish viii,
When he delved in the soil of his garden.
b. transf. of animals.
1727-38 Gay Fades 1. xlviii. 31 With delving snout he
turns the soil. 1855 Loner. //iaw. xiii. 130 Crows and black-
birds .. jays and ravens. . Delving deep with beak and talon
For the body of Mondamin.
ce. Zo delve about: to excavate round, (With
indirect passive.)
ists Scot. Field 19 in Chetham Misc. (1856) 11., Yt was so
deepe dolven with ditches aboute. -
8. fig. To make laborious search for facts, infor-
mation, etc., as one who digs deep for treasure.
1649 G. Dantet Trinarch., Rich. 1] ccxliv, Gloucester. .
Delves for himselfe, pretending publick right. 1650 Feattey
Pref. in S. Newman's Concord. 1 Why delve they con-
tinually in humane arts and secular sciences, full of dregs and
drosse? 1836 O. W. Hotmes Poems, Poetry w.iv, Not in the
cells where frigid learning delves In Aldine folios moulder-
ing on their shelves. 1864 Sir F. Parcrave Norm, & Eng.
III. 32 The Norman Antiquary delves for the of
his country anterior to the reign of Philip pro,
9. To work hard, slave, drudge. dial. or slang.
1869 Miss L. M. Atcorr Lit. Women 1. ii. 171 Delve like
| dulfe.
transf. 1735 SOMERVILLE |
fordenman: see Dam sb.1}
172
slaves. Whitby Closs, s.v., ‘They're delving at it’,
going with the work. 1879 Miss Jackson Shropsh.
Word-bk., Delve. .to slave, to drudge. Farmer Slang,
Delve it (tailors’', to hurry with one’s work, head down and
sewing fast.
+10. To dip with violence, plunge down into
water. Obs. rare—}.
1697 Dampier Voy. I. xiii. 367 He was bound..on a Bam-
bon... which was so near the Water, that by the Vessels
per ty it frequently delved under water, and the man along
with it.
ll. Of the slope of a hill, road, etc. : To make
a sudden dip or deep descent. ‘
1848 Lytton Arthur v1. Ixxxi, The bird beckoned down a
delving lane. 1855 Cham. F¥rud. 111. 329 The combs delve
down precipitously. 1862 Lyrron Str. Story Il. 115 ‘The
path was rugged .. sometimes skirting the very brink of
perilous cliffs ; sometimes delving down to the h
DEMAIM.
Demagogical, f. as .+-AL.] =
pant ortH Lives Lose eacaiel of tl Rae
lemagogical, could not allow much favour to one who
rose a monarchist declared. 1853 Lytrox My Aoved x1. ii.
(D.), A set of demagogical fellows who keep calling out,
* Farmer this isan oppressor, and Squire that 1s a vampyre *.
1867 J. GarrieLp in Century Mag. Jan. cae nals Where
ee ae ot te lemagogical spirit as in our
gress,
x, (dem: iz’m).
[f Demacocvr + -1sM.] ‘The practice prin-
ciples of a demagogne. :
1824 Blackw. Mag. XV1. 480 In a government depending
on popular support, vices of demagogism (let us take a
‘Trans-Atlantic privilege of coining a word) will be found.
1831 Fraser's Mag. iil. 478 His dissolute and detestable
demagoguism. p Lowe. Study 1h ge (1886) 181 The
Hence: Delved ff/. a., Delving vé/. sb. and
ppl. a.
1377 Lanot. P. P2. B. v1. 250 In dykynge or in deluynge.
Fieminc Panopl. Epist. 356 Let us..fall to delving.
Mitton Death Fair Inf. v, Hid from the world ina
low-delvtd tomb. a@ 1659 CLEVELAND Count. Com. Man
Poems (1677) 98 One that hates the King because he is a
Gentleman, transgressing the Magna Charta of Delving
Adam. 1883 J. Sutetps in Trans. Highland Soc. Agric.
Ser. iv. XV. 38 The delved and ploughed portion, about
2s acres. 1888 Athenwum 25 Aug. 249/1 Weary delvings
among a heterogeneous mass of documents.
Delver (delva:. [f. prec. + -ER.] One who
delves, as a tiller of the ground, or excavator.
¢ 888 K. AELrrep Boeth. x1. § 6 zif se delfere Sa eorpan none
1362 Lanai. /?. P72. A. Prol. 102 Dykers, and Deluers
pat don heore dedes ille. 1413 Lype. Pilgr. Sowle wv. xxxvii.
(1483) 84 More necessary to the land is a diker and a deluer
than a goldsmyth. 1602 SHaks. //amt. v. i. 15 Nay but
heare you Goodman deluer. @ 1619 Fornersy A theom. u.
xii. § 2 (1622) 338 The Delver bound and clogd in clowted
buskin. 1787 Burns 72a Dogs go. 1859 TeNNyson Enid
774 As careful robins eye the delver’s toil. ~
Jig. 1859 HoLtanp Gold. F. v. 75 The delver in the
stratified history of the race.
Dely-, obs. form of words in DELI-.
Delyte, obs.f. DELETE, DELIGHT; var. DELITE a.
Dem, v.' Obs. exc. dial. [OE. -dgmman in
trans. or absol. To
dam, obstruct the course of water, etc.
[c 1000 4 vs. /’s.(Spelm., Trin. MS.) lvii. 4 (Bosw.) Swa swa
nedran deafe, and fordemmende earan heora.] ¢ 1325 £. £.
Allit. P. B. 384 Vche a dale so depe pat demmed at pe
brynkez. 1513 Doucias nets x1. vil. 9 Riuerys..Brystand
on skelleis ourthirdemmyt lynnis. Mod. Sc.(Rovburghshire)
‘Trying to dem the stream.
Hence De-mming v/. sb. and ffi. a.
a 1300 Cursor M. 1908 \Cott.) [Noe] baid seven dais in
rest, for doute if ani demmyng brest. c1340 /bid. 11934
(Fairf.) Ihesu and othir childryn .. went hem by the rever
to gamyn..And demmynges [Co/?. lakes) vij made of clay.
Dem, v.*; formerly demn. Minced form of
Damn ; so demd for damned.
+1. To damn, condemn. QOés.
1377 Lanct. /’. P/. . v. 144 (MS. C.) Pise possessioneres
preche and dempne freres. 1650 BAxter Saints’ R. 1. viii.
(1662) 132 He is dead and demned in point of Law.
2. In profane use. (So dem-me, demmy =
Damme, damn me!; dem, for demd adv. =
Damnep 4b.)
1695 Concreve Love for L.u. ii, Oh, demn you, toad!
1720 /Humourist 50 A Peau cries Dem me. 1 Scots
Mag. Oct. 491/1, i now advanced to By Jove, Tere Ged,
Geds curse it, and Demme. 1758 Gentl. Mag. XXV. 374
Give me your person, dem your gold! 1801 Sforting A/ag.
XVII. 23 Swear in a commanding military dem-me, 1838
Dickens Nich. Nick. xvii, Two demd fine women: real
Countesses. 1849 Tnackeray Pendennis iii, What a dem
fine woman Mrs, Jones was. /d/d. liii, Miss Bell's a déttle
—— But the smell of the hawthorn is pleasant,
jemmy.
Dem, obs. form of DEEM v.
etize (déme-gnétaiz), v. [Dx- IL. 1.]
1. trans. To deprive of magnetic quality.
1842-3 Grove Corr. Phys. Forces (1887) 56 We must
magnetise and demagnetise in order to uce a continuous
mechanical effect, 1887 7¥mes 9 Sept. 14/5 Hot air travers-
ing the discs and rolls demagnetizes the discs,
fg. 1875 Sears Serm. Chr. Life 43 People whose wills
have been demagnetized.
+2. To free from ‘magnetic’ or mesmeric in-
fluence ; to demesmerize. Ods.
W. Grecory Lett. Anim. Magnetism 106 This she
ascribed to her not having been demagnetised, and it con-
tinued next morning.
Hence Dema‘gnetizing w//. s/.; Dema‘gnet-
iza‘tion, the action or process of demagnetizing.
1843 Rep. Brit. Assoc. 27 The de-magnetizi duced
operations which serve also to magnetize. 1864 WrBsTER,
lemagnetization, 1872 F. L. Pore Electr. Tel. ii- Ge) re |
The act of demagnetization requires time, but is effect
i rapidly than pe eel dzik) AL
lemagogic (de:migp'gik, -ge'dgik), @. so
-goguic. [mod. ad. Gr. dnyayaryinds, f. dnparyaryd
DemacocuE. So mod.F. démagogi
Sy
ique (in Dict.
Acad. 1835).] Of, pertaining to, or of the nature
of a demagogue; characteristic of a demagogue.
1831 Fraser's Mag. 1V. 374 That Spirit which is as far
superior to the democratic or demagoguic, as the heavens
are to the earth. a 1834 CoLeripce Shaks, Notes (1875) 126
‘Thersites..is the Caliban of life. 1866 Fetron
Anc. & Mod. Gr. U1. v. 78 He [ UF con tee ng voaad
need of demagogic arts, the affections of the people.
gogism which Aristop
Demagogue (emigrg), sb. [mod. ad. Gr.
dnpuaryery-ds a popular leader, a leader of the mob,
f. 5ju0s people, populace, the commons + dyaryds
leading, leader.
In French, demagoge was used by Oresme in 14th c. ; but
in the 17th Bossuet wished that it were issible to em-
ploy the word. Démagogue was not admitted by the
Academy till 1762.)
1. In ancient times, a leader of the people; a
| popular leader or orator who espoused the cause of
| the people against any other party in the state.
1651 Hones Govt. & Soc. x. § 6. 153 Ina Democraty,
| how many Demagoges (that is) how many powerfull Oratours
there are with the people. 1683 Drypen Life Plutarch 99
‘Their warriours, and 's,and d 1g 1719 Swirt
70 Vng. Clergyman, Demosthenes and Cicero, though each
of them a leader (or as the Greeks called it, a demagogue in
a popular state, yet seem to differ. 1832 tr. Siswondi's /tal.
Rep. x. 224 He was descended from one of the demagogues
who, in 1378. had undertaken the defence of the minor arts
against the aristocracy. 1874 Green Short Hist. viii. § 6. 520
He [Pym] proved himself. .the grandest of demag ;
In bad sense: A leader of a popular faction,
or of the mob; a political agitator who appeals to
the passions and prejudices of the mob in order to
obtain power or further his own interests; an un-
principled or factious popular orator.
1648 Eikon Bas. iv, Who were the chief demagogues and
patrons of tumults, to send for them, to flatter and embolden
them. 1649 Mitton £ekon, iv. (1851) 365 Setting aside the
affrightment of this Goblin word [demagogne)}; for the King
by his leave cannot coine English as he could mony, to be
current .. those Demagogues. .saving his Greek, were good
triots. @1716 Soutn Serm. 11. 333 (T.) A plausible, in-
significant word, in the mouth of an ex; demagogue, isa
N
ue.
dangerous and a dreadful weapon. Lytton Aienzi 1.
viii, I do not play the of a mere « 1848
Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. ™43 He despised mean arts
and unreasonable clamours of demagogues,
8. attrib. and Comb,
1812 Soutuey in Q. Kev. VIII. 349 The venom and viru-
lence of the cosaprene journalists. 1878 Lecky Eng. in
1844 C. (1883) I11. 61 He stooped to no demagogue art. 1887
Brit. Mercantile Gaz. 15 June 29/1 The overheated dema-
gogue-fired imagination of the masses.
Demag e,v. nonce-wd, [f. prec.] intr.
To play the demagogue.
165 * pple Oceana 143 When that same ranting
fellow Alcibiades fell a demagoging for the Sicilian War.
Demagoguery (demagegri,-gegéri). Chiefly
U.S. [f. DEMAGOGUE sé, + -RY, -ERY.] Demagogic
practices and arts ; ——,
1866 NV. Y. Nation 4 Oct. 271/2 At this period the House
wholly abandoned itself to ‘demagoguery’. 1888 Bettamy
Looking Backward 84 The demagoguery ption of
our public men, tf
Demagoguish, a. rare. . as prec.
+ -18H.) Like or of the nature of a demagogue.
Hence De* guishness.
mago:
_ 1860 Cham, Fh XIV. 218 Its most prevalent feature is
its unblushi emagogish
v. nonce-wd. [f. DEMAGOGUE
‘hat) intr. To pay the demagogue,
voaee (Arvahergi. -evig)):. (mobos
(de"m i, -gedzi). fs tr
Snpa rship of the people, abstr. sb. f.
ae oe DEMAGOGUE.]
. The action or wally of oe ‘hee
A J 5 . (16: t
onan y of ancient Rhetori x Orit not insist upon
ee iently, t c
1835 lake. Mag. XXXVIT Den ths insane demagogy.
ie Grote Cree, ivsiel pyieelgacieal Rese
ti
1680 Daily Teh. se Cee cea heart suspected of dema-
y, the least %
*o The rule of demagogues.
1860 Huxiey in Darwin's Life & Lett. (1
Despotism and demagogy are not the necessary
of government.
. A bod rire Sod
1878 N. gy as Rev. VI. 156 The defeat .. of the
back demagogy. Century Mag. 570 The economy
) TI. 284
green
of an ignorant demagogy.
+Demaim, v. Oés. [f. De- I. 1, 3+ Mam v.]
trans. To maim, mutilate. a
Son ene hon egies omens
mere yal, his y de
quartered, set up on i
obs. form of vi
Demain(e, an early form of Douay, DEMESNE.
DEMAND.
Demand (déma'nd), sé.1 Also 3-6 demaunde,
4-5 demande. [a. F. demande (12th c. in Littré),
f. demander to DEMAND. ]
1. An act of demanding or asking by virtue of
right or authority ; an authoritative or peremptory
request or claim; also” ¢rvansf., the substance or
matter of the claim, that which is demanded.
c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 130/823 Alle pat heorden peos de-
maunde In grete wonder stoden bere. x in Colding-
ham Corr. (Surtees 1841) 67 The quylk bischop mad hym
richt resonable demaundes as we thoucht. 1393 Gower Conf.
I. 259 But he..Withstood the wrong of that demaunde.
1 pee Fables of Aésop v. xiii, A fayrer demaunde or
request than thyn is I shalle now make. a@ 1533 Lp. Berners
Huon\xvi. 229 Graunt to Gerard your brother his demaunde.
1593 Suaks. Aech. //, i. iii. 123 All the number of his faire
demands Shall be accomplish’d without contradiction. 1654
Wurtevocke Fral, Swed. Enh. (1772) 1. 41 A desire, that
Whitelocke would putt down his demands in writing. 1769
Rosertson Chas. V, V. 1v. 377 Henry’s extravagant de-
mands had been received at Madrid with that neglect which
they deserved. 1883 Froupe Short Stud. 1V. i. vii. 81 The
AP ai seemed just and moderate to all present.
. Jig.
1729 Burver Serm. Wks. 1874 II. 71 Compassion is a call,
a demand of nature, to relieve the unhappy. 1816 L. Hunr
Rimini wu. 83 He made..A sort of fierce demand on your
respect. 1885 F. TempLe Relat. Relig. § Sc. viii. 228 The
sense of responsibility is a rock which no demand for com-
pleteness in Science can crush. |
2. The action of demanding; claiming ; peremp-
tory asking.
1602 SHaks. Ham, ut. i. 178 He shall with speed to
England For the demand of our neglected Tribute. 1606
— Tr. & Cr. 11. iii, 17 What would’st thou of vs Troian ?
make demand? 1642-3 Ear. or Newcastte Declar. in
Rushw. Hist. Cold. (1751) V. 134 So a Thief may term a true
Man a Malignant, because he doth refuse to deliver his
Purse upon demand. 1781 Cowrer 77uth 93 High in de-
mand, songs lowly in pretence. 1874 Green Short Hist.
iv. § 1. 161 The accession of a new sovereign .. was at once
followed by the demand of his homage.
b. On (tat) demand: (payable) on being re-
quested, claimed, or presented: said of promissory
notes, drafts, etc.
1691 Lond. Gaz. No. 2636/4 A Note, signed Samuel Lock
to Isaac Stackhouse on Demand, for 1584. 7s. 3¢. 1715 /bid.
No. 5299/4 They may have their Mony..at Demand. 1880
J. W.Smitn Manual Com. Law i, vi.ed. 9) 287 If a bill or
note is payable on demand, the Statute of Limitations runs
from the date of the instrument, without waiting for a de-
mand. 1892 J. Apam Commercial Corr. 24 A Bank Note is
a Promissory Note payable to Bearer on Demand.
3. Law. The action or fact of demanding or
claiming in legal form ; a legal claim; es. a claim
made by legal process to real property.
[@148t Litteton Tenures 39 Si homme relessa a un
auter toutz maners demandes.] 1485 Act 1 Hen. VII, c.1
As if his ancestor had dyed seised of the said lands and
ter so in d d. 1568 Grarton Chron. Il. 351
Aucthoritie to enquire, intreate, defyne and determine of all
maner of causes, querels, debtes and demaundes. 1628
Coxe On Litt. 291b, There bee two kinde of demands or
claimes, viz. a demand or claime in Deed, and a Demand or
claime in Law. 1875 Poste Gaius iv. Comm. (ed. 2) 564 In
a demand of a heritage, security must be given.
4. ‘The calling for a thing in order to purchase
it’ (J.); a call for a commodity on the part of
consumers. 7
1711 STEELE Sfect. No. 262 P 3 The Demand for my Papers
has increased every Month. 1780 Jpartial Hist. War
Amer. 35 The English, finding a great demand for tobacco
in Europe. 1882 7 Zmes 27 Nov. 11 The demand for tonnage
at the Rice Ports has decidedly increased.
b. Pol. Econ, The manifestation of a desire on
the part of consumers to purchase some commodity
or service, combined with the power to purchase ;
called also effectual demand (cf. EFFECTUAL I c).
Correlative to supply.
ant Avam Situ JI’, N, 1, xi. (1868) I. 197 The average
produce of every sort of industry is always suited, more
or less exactly, to the aserage consumption; the average
supply to the average demand. _ 1776-1868 [see ErrecruaL
rch. Mut Pol, Econ, 1. iii, $2 Demand and supply
govern the value of all things which cannot be indefinitely
increased, vos Evons Prim. Pol, Econ. The Laws
of Supply an emand may be thus stated: a rise of
price tends to produce a greater supply and a less demand ;
a fall of price tends to produce a less supply and a greater
demand,
ce. Jn demand: sought after, in request.
1825 MeCuttocu Pod. Econ, u. iv. 178 Labourers would
be in as great demand as before. 1828 WessTeER s. v.,. We
say, the company of a gentleman is in great demand ; the
lady is in great demand or request. 1868 Rocrrs Po/. Econ.
iii, (1876) 2 It-is necessary in order to give value to any
object, that it should be, as is technically said, in demand.
5. An urgent or pressing claim or requirement ;
need actively expressing itself.
¢1790 Wittock Voy, 259 We found the garrison had very
urgent demands for provisions. 1856 Sir B. Bropiz Psychol.
ing. 1.1. 3 He had sufficient fortune to meet the reasonable
demands of himself and his family. 1875 Jowrrr Plato
(ed. 2) III. 184 The demands of a profession destroy the
elasticity of the mind.
6. A request; a question. arch.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Man of Law's T.374 Men myghten asken
why she was nat slayn.. I answere to that demande agayn
Who saued danyel in the horrible Caue. ¢ 1477 Caxton
Fason 6x b, I wolde faynaxe yow a demande if it were your
playsir. 1553 ‘I. Witson Rhet, 1 Every question or de-
maunde in thynges is of two sortes. 1634 Canne Necess.
173
Sefar. (1849) 15 ‘There follows an exhortation
other demands and answers. 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. W.
‘Task pardon, sir..is not your name Ephraim Jenkinson ?’
At this demand he only sighed. /béd. xxxi, ‘Pray your
honour. .can the Squire have this lady's fortune if he be
married to another?’ ‘How can you make such a simple
demand?’ replied the Baronet: ‘undoubtedly he cannot.’
182r SHELLEY Prometh. Und, 1. iv. 124 One more demand ;
and do thou answer me As my own soul would answer, did
it know That which I ask.
7. attrib., as demand note, a note payable on de-
mand (2b); also, a formal request for payment.
1866 Crump Banking v. 129 On a ‘demand’ note the
statute [of Limitation] would run from the date of the instru-
ment. 1892 J. ApAM Commerc. Corr. 22 The most common
form is the Demand Promissory Note. 1892 /aily News
19 Dec. 6/3 Demand money was valued at 10 to 25 per
cent.
+ Dema‘nd, 56.2 Sc. Obs. [a. OF. *déesmande
(not in Godef.), f. OF. desmander, mod.F¥. dial. aé-
mander to countermand, f. des-, dé- (D18-) + mander
:—L. mandare, to order.]_Countermand ; opposi-
tion to a command, desire, or wish ; demur.
c1soo Lancelot 191, I that dar makine no demande To
quhat I wot It lykith loue commande. /6zd. 3052, I fal at
hir command Do at I may, withouten more demand. 1535
Stewart Cron. Scot. 11, 598 In the passage with drawin
sword in hand, Still thair he stude, and maid thame sic
demand, Neuir ane of thame he wald lat furth by.
Demand (d/ma'nd), v. Also 5-7 demaund e.
[a. F. demander (= Pr., Sp., Pg. demandar, It. di-
mandare):—L.démandare to give in charge, entrust,
commit (f. Dr- I. 3 + mandare to commission,
order), in med.L. =foscere to demand, request Du
Cange).
The transition from the Latin sense ‘give in charge, entrust,
commit, commend’ to the Romanic sense ‘request, ask’,
was probably made through the notion of etrusting or
committing to any one a duty to be performed, of charging
a servant, or officer, with the performance of something,
whence of veguiring its performance of him, or authorita-
tively requesting him to do it. Hence the notion of asking
in a way that commands obedience or compliance, which the
word retains in English, and of simple asking, as in French.
An indirect personal object (repr. the L. dative) would
thus be a necessary part of the original construction, but it
had ceased to be so before the word was adopted in England,
where the earliest use, both in Anglo-Fr. and English, is
to demand a thing simply. The verb probably passed into
the vernacular from its legal use in Anglo-French. ]
I. To ask (authoritatively or peremptorily) for:
*a thing.
1. ¢rans. To ask for (a thing) with legal right or
authority ; to claim as something one is legally or
rightfully entitled to.
{1292 Britton vi. iv. § 16 Si..le pleintif se profre et de-
maunde jugement de la defaute, le pleintif recovera seisine
de sa demaunde, et le tenaunt remeindra en la merci.] 1489
Caxton Faytes of A.11. xiv. 199 Hys heyre myght haue an
actyon for to demande the hole payement of hys wages.
1568 Grarton Chron. II. 114 He was compelled to demaund
an ayde and taske of all England for the quieting of Ire-
lande. 1 R. Crompton L’A uthoritie des Courts 8 The
Serjeant of the Parliament should. .demaund deliuery of the
prisoner. 1628 Coke Ox Lift. 127a, He 'sha!l defend but
the wrong and the force, & demand the iudgement if he
shall be answered. 1634 Sir ‘I’. Herperr 77vav. 182 And
for every tun of fresh water, they demanded and was payed
.-foure shillings and foure pence. 1670 Tryal of Penn
Mead in Phenix (1721) 321, 1 demand my Liberty, being
reed by the Jury. 1763 Gentl. Mag. Sept. 463 The peace
officer..demanding entrance, the door was opened a little
way. 1894 Mivart in £eclectic Mag. Jan. 10 To all men
a doctrine was preached, and assent to its teaching was
categorically demanded.
b. with inf phrase or subord. clause.
1588 Suaks. L. L. L. 1. i. 143 He doth demand to haue
repaid A hundred thousand Crownes. 1751 Jounson Ram-
bler No. 161 Pg ‘The constable .. demanded to search the
garrets. 1834 L. Ritcnie Wand. by Seine 40 The diocese
of Paris .. had the cruelty and injustice to demand that the
bones. .should be returned to their care.
2. spec. in Law. To make formal claim to (real
property) as the rightful owner. Cf. DEMAND sd. 3
and DEMANDANT I.
1485 Act x Hex. VI/,c.1 That the demandant in euery
such case haue his action against the Pernour or Pernours
of the profits of the lands or tenements demanded. 1531
Dial. Laws Eng. ix. 18b, If the demandaunt or plaintyffe
hangyng his writ wyll entre in to the thyng demaunded his
wryt shal abate. 1628 Coke Ox Litt. 127b, Demandant,
peteur, is hee which is actor in a reall action because he
demandeth lands, etc. 1 BiackstonE Comm. (ed. 9)
Il. App. xviii, Francis Golding Clerk in his proper per-
son demandeth against David Edwards, Esq., two mes-
suages. ;
3. To ask for (a thing) peremptorily, imperiously,
urgently, or in such a way as to command attention.
+ But formerly often weakened into a simple equi-
valent of ‘to ask’ (esf. in transl. from French, etc.).
Const. of or from a person.
1484 Caxton Curiad/ 1b, But whatdemaundest thou? Thou
sechest the way to lese thy self by thexample of me.
HAL Chron, 236 When Piers Cleret had paied the pencion
to the lorde Hastynges, he gently demaunded of hym an
acquitaunce, for his discharge. 1600 E. BLounr tr. Cones-
taggio 273 By his letter, hee had demaunded pardon of the
Catholiqne King. 1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biouds's Eromena
108 He was to intreate his father to demand for him a wife.
165: Hosses Leviaté. 1, xl. 255 They demanded a King,
DEMAND.
Virg. Aeneid ut. 71 Trojans eye me in wrath, and demand.
my life as a foe!
. with object expressed by if. phrase or subord. clause.
1534 Lp. Berners tr. Godden Bk. AM. Aurel. (1546) 56,
I demaunded then to haue a compte of the people.
1600 EK. Biounr tr. Conestaggio 242 Fhey demaunded
secretly..to borrow beds of silke, silver vessels, and other
things fit fora kings service. 1754 Hume //ist. Eng. I. v.
304 Anselm .. demanded positively, that all the revenues of
is see should be restored to him. 1769 Go.tpsm. //ist.
Rome (1786) I. 39 ‘wo ruffians..demanded to speak with
the king. 1798 /uvasion Il. 232 He .. demanded to speak
with Sherland.
ec. absol.
1sog Hawes ast. /’leas. xxxin. xxii, Whan I had so
obteyned the victory, Unto me than my verlet well sayd:
You have demaunded well and worthely. 1597 SHAKs.
Lover's Compl. 149 Yet did I not, as some my equals did,
Demand of him, nor being desired, yielded. 1601 — 4//'s
Well u. i. 21 Those girles of Italy, take heed of them, They
say our French lacke language to deny If they demand,
+4. To make a demand for (a thing) fo (a per-
son). [=Fr. demander a.\ Obs.
1483 Caxton G. de la Tour D vj, Of whiche god shalle
aske and demaunde to them acompte the day of his grete
Jugement. c1g00 A/elnsine 134 The kinge receyued hym
moche benyngly and demanded to hym som tydynges.
5. Toask for (a person) to come or be produced ;
to ask to see ; to require to appear; to summon.
1650 Futter Pisgah i. xii. 257 And first in a fair way the
offenders are demanded to justice. 1848 C. Bronte J. Lyre
xxxiv, While the driver and Hannah brought in the boxes,
they demanded St. John. f
6. fg. Said of things: a. To call for of right or
justice; to require.
[rz92 Britton 1. ix. $1 Et poet estre treysoun graunt et
petit ; dunt acun demaund jugement de mort, et acun amis-
sioun de membre [etc.].] 1703 Pore Thedaés 3 ‘Th’ alternate
reign destroy’d by impious arms Demands our song. 1779
Cowrer Left. 2 Oct., Two pair of soles, with shrimps which
arrived last night demand my acknowledgments. 1836 J.
Gitpert Chr. «1 tonem. vi. (1852) 168 Holiness may demand,
but not desire the punishment of transgressors. 1871 FREE-
MAN Nore. Cong. (1876) 1V. xvii. 93 The piety of the Duke
demanded that the ceremony should be no longer de-
layed.
b. To call for or require as neecssary; to have
need of.
1748 F. Smirn Voy. Disc. NAW. Pass. 1.145 Keep the
Water .. from going down faster, than the [Beaver] Dams
which are below the House demand it. 1855 Bain Sevses &
Int. ii. §6 Sensibility everywhere demands a distribution
of nerve fibres. 1878 Moriry Cardy/e Crit. Misc. Ser. 1. 199
Government .. more than anything else in this world de-
mands skill, patience, energy, long and tenacious grip.
** a person for or to do a thing.
+7. To ask (a person) authoritatively, peremp-
torily, urgently, etc. for (a thing); to require (a
person) fo do a thing. Ods.
1632 Litncow 7 av. x. 482, I intreated Sir Richard Hal-
kins to goe a shoare to the Governour, and demand him
for my Gold. 1652 J. Wapswortn tr. Sandoval’s Civ.
Wars Spain 22 Hee demanded the Catalanes to receiv,
and acknowledg him their King. 1726-7 Swirt Guddiver 1.
iii. 49 After they were read, 1 was demanded to swear to
the performance of them. 1795 Cicely 1. 37 He demanded
the traitor to give up his lovely prize.
*** tatrans.
+ 8. To make a demand; to ask for or after ; to
call urgently for. Obs.
@ 18533 Lp. Berners //202 |x. 208 Huon approchyd to the
shyppe and demaundyd for the patrone and for the mayster
of them that were in the shyppe. 1605 SHaxs, Lear ut. ii.
65 Which euen but now, demanding after you, Deny'd me
to come in. 1654 R. Coprincron tr. ¥us‘ine 200 ‘lo free
himself of it, he demanded for a sword.
II. To ask (authoritatively) to know or be told :
* a thing.
9. To ask to know, authoritatively or formally ;
to request to be told.
[1292 Britton 1. v. § 9 Qe il verite dirrount de ceo ge hom
les demaundera de par nous.) 1 (Mar.) BA. Com.
Prayer, Baptism, Vhen the prieste shall demaunde the name
of the childe. 1893 SHaxs. Lucy. Argt., They .. finding
Lucrece attired in mourning habit, demanded the cause of
her sorrow. 1600 E. Biounr tr. Conestaggio 262 The Por-
tugals demaunded the state of the realme. 1634 Sir T. HEr-
Bert 7rav.77 In bravery and shew of insolence, demanding
her businesse. 1818 SHELLEY Aev. /s/anze m1. vii, Ere with
rapid lips and gathered brow I could demand the cause.
1859 TENNYSON Lid 193 And Guinevere. .desired his name
and sent Her maiden to demand it of the dwarf.
b. with the object expressed by a clause.
1494 Fanyan Chron. 1. xiv. 14 Y° fader .. demaunded of
Ragan, the seconde doughter, how wel she loued hym. 1526
Pilger. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 200b, Demaundyng & en-
quiryng, where is he yt is borne the kyng of y" iewes. 1568
Grarton Chroxz. II, 226 She demaunded howe her Uncle
the French king did. 161g Sir E. Hopy Curry-combe 80 You
should rather demand from him What likenesse there is
between 34 and 42. 1766 Goipsm. Vic, W. xiv, The old
gentleman. .most respectfully demanded if I was in any way
related to the great Primrose. 1845 M. Pattison £ss. (1889)
I, 23 All the members demanded with one voice who it was
who was charged with the crime of theft. :
+10. With cognate object : To ask (a question,
etc.). Obs.
1go2 Ord, Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1. iii. 16 Which de-
maundeth a questyon. 1577 Nortuprooke Déicing (1843) 62
Saye on .. what you haue to demande, and I will answere
you. 1602 Futsecke 1st Pt. Parall. 50 Then I know your
after the manner of the nations. 18zz Mar. E ORTH
Vivian xi, The physician qualified the assent which his
lordship’s p' y tone dtod 1887 BowEN
P as hing this question, now let me demaund
another. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn, u. Ded, § 15 It asketh
some knowledge to demand a question, not impertinent.
DEMANDABLE.
** a person (as to a thing).
+11. To ask (a person) authoritatively or formally
to inform one (0/, how, etc.). Obs.
€ 1450 Crt. of Love (R.), And me demaunded how and in
what wise I thither come, and what my errand was. ¢ 14
Caxton Fason 18 She. .demanded him how he felte him self
and how he ferde. a 1536 Cadisto §& Me/. in Hazl. Dodséey 1.
a demand thee not thereof. 1611 Suaks. Cyd, ui. vi. 92
hen we haue supp'’d Wee'l mannerly demand thee of thy
Story. 1632 Lirucow 7rav. 1. 38, I demanded our depen-
dant, what was to pay?
b. without extension.
1490 Caxton //ow to Die 11 Yf there be none to demaunde
hym, he oughte to demaunde hymselfe. 1555 Even Decades
5 They declared the same to me when I demanded them.
Cc. in passive.
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W.1531)16 Demaunded by Pharao
of what age he was, Jacob answered. 1568 Grarron Chron.
Il. 277 They were demaunded why they departed. 1635
Sippes Soul's Confl. Pref. (1638)9 Philip... being a long time
prisoner .. was demanded what upheld him all that time.
1643 Prynne Sov. Power Parl. 1. (ed. 2) 91 Had our Ances-
tors..been demanded these few questions. 1722 SeEweL
Hist. Quakers (1795) 11. vu. 11 Being demanded in the
Court why he did not tell his name.
*** intyans. 12. To ask, inquire, make inquiry.
Poa of, tat the person asked; tb. of the object asked
about.
1382 Wycur Bible, Pref. Ep. iv. 65 The Saueour. .askynge
of questiouns of the lawe, more techeth, whil he prudentli
demaundeth [1388 while he askith wisely questiouns]. 1526
Tinvace Luke iii. 14 The soudyoures lyke wyse demaunded
of hym sayinge: and what shall we do? 1568 GrAFTon
Chron. Il. 205 The king .. helde her still by the right
hande, demaundyng right gently of her estate and businesse.
1588 Kine tr. Canisius’ Catech. 208 Quhen God sal rise to
iudge, and quhen he sal demand at me quhat sal I answer?
1611 Binte Fob xiii. 4 Heare .. I will demand of thee, and
declare thou vnto me. 1821 SHetiey /’remeth. Und. it. iv.
141 The immortal Hours, Of whom thou didst demand.
Ilence Demanded ///. a.
15s2in Hutoet. 1769 Oxford Mag. 11. 143/2 The demanded
qualification is a merciful soul, if we would experience
mercy. 1815 Mary Pitkincton Celebrity III. 152 ‘The
demanded drugs were sold without exciting the smallest
suspicion.
Demandable (d/ma'ndab'l), a. [f. prec. +
-ABLE.] That may be demanded or claimed.
1576 Freminc Panopl. /pist. 62 We did no lesse..in the
hehalfe of our countrie, then of dutie was demaundable. 1602
Fursecke /’andectes 43 Certaine ministeries or dutifull re-
spectes were by reason of such Leagues due and demaund-
able. 1666 Pervs Diary(1879 111. 416, £ 2000. .demaundable
at two days’ warning. 1720 Lond. Gaz. No. 5894/3 The..
Interest, .shall be demandable by the Bearers. 1818 Cruise
Digest (ed, 2) V. 328 Any writ by which lands are demand-
able. 1884 Sir R. Baccatray in Law Ref, 28 Ch. Div. 472
A rate due and demandable at the time it was made.
Demandant (d/ma‘ndant). [a. Anglo-Fr. (and
Fr.) demandant (15th c.), sb. use of pr. pple. of |
demander 10 EMAND.] One who demands.
1. Law. a. spec. The plaintiff in a real action ;
b. gen. a plaintiff or claimant in any civil action.
[1344 Act 18 Edw. /1/, c. 7 Pour quoi tieux dismes a les
demandauntz ne deivent estre restitutes—frans/, wherefore
such dismes ought not to be restored to the said demand-
ants.) 1485 -Ict.1 //en, V//,c. 1 The Demaundants shuld
not knowe ayenst whom they shall take their accion. 1495
Act 11 Hen. VII c. 24 § 1 The demaundaunt or playntif in
the same Atteynt hath afore be nonsute. 1614 SetpEN 7itles
Hon. 234 The Earle excepted also to the Jurisdiction. .and
the Demandants replie. 1641 Termes de la Ley 107 b, De-
maundant is he that sueth or complaineth in an action Reall
for title of land, and he is called plaintife in an Assise, and
in an action personal. 1767 Biackstone Com. 11. 271 In
such cases a jury shall try the true right of the demandants
or plaintiffs to ihe land. "1832 Austin Yurispr. (1879) 1. vi.
295 A sovereign government .. may appear in the character
of defendant, or may appear in the character of demandant
before a tribunal of its own appointment.
2. One who makes a demand or claim; a de-
mander,
1590 SwinbuRNE 7 estaments 62 It is to bee presumed that
the testator’ did answer, yea, rather to deliuer himselfe of
the importunitie of the demaundant, then vpon deuotion or
intente to make his will. 1603 Hottanp /’/ularch's Mor,
204 ‘lo reproch the demandant, as though hee had little
skill and discretion, to aske a thing of him who could not
ive the same. 1780 Burke Leon, Reform Wks. 1842 1.2
hich will give preference to services, not according to the
importunity of the demandant, but the rank and order of their
utility or their ae 1888 Co-operative News 26 May 486
Rights equitably claimed by the d dant for h f.
3. One who —— or interrogates.
1656 J. Bourne Def. Scriptures 52 Read Mr. John Deacon,
a solid and sharp Questionist, Replyant Demandant.
1826 Disrarit Viv. Grey vi. vi, 1t was evident the demand-
ant had questioned rather from systems than by way of
security, 1854 Syp. Dosett Balder Pref. 6 Perhaps it would
be consi too general a reference if I were to remit my
demandants to the whole history of intellect.
+Dema‘ndate, v. Obs. [f. ppl. stem of L.
démandare to give in charge, entrust, commit ; see
DeEMAND v. and -aTE.] /vans. To commit, dele-
gate, entrust. Hence“ Demandated f//. a.
31641 ‘Smectymnuus’ Vind. Answ. xiv. 174 The Church,
which did first d date this Episcopall authority to one
particular . 1640 Br. Hart Zfise. ut. i, go Out of his
owne peculiarly demandated Authority.
Dema‘ndative, a. rare. [f. ppl. stem of L.
démandare to DEMAND + -ATIVE.] Of the nature
of a demand or legal claim ; made by or on behalf
of the demandant.
174
1820-27 Bentuam Yudicial Proc. xiii. §1 Wks. Ul. 74
Statements, demandative or defensive.
ndee’, demandé. Ols. nonce-wi.
[Sce -rE.] One of whom a question is demanded.
1603 Hoitanp Piutarch's Mor. 205 oe ac
ai
DEMATERIALIZE.
course to the westward of the line of demarkation, drawn
by the Pope. 1804 Sourney in Aun, Rev, 11.6 Ruy Falero
wanted to bring the Moluccas on the ish side of the line
of demarcation. 1849 tr. Humboldt’s Cosmos 11. 655 As early
as the 4th of a 1493) the celebrated bull was signed by
Al der VI, which blished ‘to all ity’ the
space of time betweene the d : during
which sil , both the d der may have while to bethinke
himselfe and adde somewhat thereto, if he list, and also the
demandé time to think of an answere,
Demander (d/ma‘nda:). [f. Demanpv. + -ER.
Cf. F. demandeur (13th c.).] One who demands.
1. One who asks with authority, urgency, ete. ;
one who claims, requests, calls for.
1533 Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) D vij, The
requeste was pitifull..and he to whom it was made, was the
father, and the demaunder was the mother. 1556 Aurelio
& sab, (1608) Aij, Unto none of the foresayde demaunders
wold he never geve her in mariage. 1638 Cumtiinew. Xelig.
H’rot. 1. iv. $19. 201 He hath intreated his Demander to
accept of thus much in part of paiment. 1754 Jouxson Life
of Cave, A tenacious maintainer, though not a clamorous
emander of his right.
+ 2. One who asks or inquires; one who puts a
question. Obs.
1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke xviii. 146 The de-
maunder of the question. Hoitysanp Campo di Fior
157 O what an importunate asker of questions is here..O
what a troublesome demander. 1692 Locke Joleration 1.
i. Wks. 1727 11. 304 The Majority .. shall give any forward
}emander Occasion to ask, What other Means is there left?
3. One from whom there is a demand for an
article of commerce ; a buyer, consumer.
a 1620 Carew (J.), And delivereth them to the demanders’
ready use at all seasons. 1776 Apam Sautu I’, N. 1. vii.
(1868) I. 58 Those who are willing to pay the natural price
of the commodity..may be called the effectual demanders.
1821 New Monthly Mag. 1,96 Demanders and not suppliers.
1885 J. Bonar Malthus 11.1. 233 ‘The power of buying the
food that feeds new demanders. :
+ Dema‘nderess. V/s. [a. F. demanderesse,
fem. of demandeur: see prec.) A female demandant.
1611 Corcr., Demanderesse, a demaunderesse, a woman
that is a Plaintife or Petitioner. 1828 Wesster, Deman-
dress.
Demanding ((/ma‘ndiy), vé/. 56. [-1nG 1.]
The action of the verb DEMAND.
1530 PausGr. 212/2 Demaundyng of counsayle, consulta-
tion, 1§56 -luredio & Isab, (1608: C, Moderate demaund-
inges and accustomed requestes. 1642 /'rolests of Lords I.
13 The demanding by this House of some to be left to justice.
Dema:nding, ///. a. [-1NG *.] That demands,
Hence Dema‘ndingly adv., in a demanding man-
ner, as a demandant.
1873 L. WaAvtace air God vy. v. 289 And what if the Fate
had come demandingly?
Demane, obs. Sc. f. DEMEAN v.!, to treat, etc.
Demarcate (d/'marke't), v. [Back-formation
on DEMARCATION ; See -ATE3: cf. Sp. and Pg. de-
marcar.) trans. To mark out or determine the
boundary or limits of; to mark off, separate, or
distinguish from; to mark or determine, as a
boundary or limit; to define. a. /¢. in reference
to spatial limits, as of territory.
1816 KeatinGe 7 rev. (1817) I. 214 The marine deposits ..
appear to demarcate its extreme undulation here, 1882 S¢,
James's Gaz. Apr., The region thus demarcated is. .the onl
part ef Wales described..in Domesday. | 1884 /’al/ Mall G.
g June 11/1 An Anglo-Russian Commission will proceed
..to demarcate the northern frontier of Afghanistan.
b. fig. in reference to other than spatial limits.
1858 Lewes Sea-Side Stud. 314 How shall we demarcate
Reproduction from Growth? 1883 Athenaeum 20 Jan. 79
Sharp distinctions of national flavour which demarcate one
European literature from another. A
Hence De‘marcated, De‘marcating ///. adjs.
1840 GLapstone Ch. Princ. 34 For the preservation of the
demarcating lines. 1862 H. Srencer First Princ. u. xxi.
§ 169 The demarcated grouping which we everywhere see.
Demarcation (dimaské'fon). Also demark-
ation. [ad. Sp. demarcacion (Pg. demarcagio),
n. of action from demarcar to lay down the limits
of, mark out the bounds of, f. de- = Dr I. 3 + marcar
to Mark. So F, démarcation (1752 in Hatzf.), from
Spanish. First used of the dinea de demarcacton
(Pg. linha de demarcagao) laid down by the Pope
in dividing the New World between the Spanish
and Portuguese.]
‘The action of marking the boundary or limits of
something, or of marking it off from something
else; delimitation; separation. Usually in phr.
line of demarcation. 3
a. lit. (a) originally in reference to the meridian
age. the Spanish from the Portuguese Indies.
Y l of 4 ay 1493, ‘sobre la particion del oceano’
fixed the Line of Demarcation at 100 leagues west of the Cape
Verde Isles; the ‘ Capitulacion de la ion del Mar
Oceano entre los Reyes Catolicos y _Juan Rey de
Portugal’, of 7 June 1494, definitely established it at 370
leagues (174 to an equatorial degree) west of these isles, or
about 47° long. W. of Greenwich in the Atlantic, and at the
anti-meridian of 133° E. long. in the East Indies. ‘The word
occurs in the latter document ‘ dentro de la dicha limitacion
y demarcacion’, Navarrete Viages II. 121.)
ae Fs Cuamorrs Cyel., Line of Demarcatie
di Line. tr. Juan & Ulloa's ook: Fa 142
Eastward it ext to Brasil, being terminat meri-
dian of demarcation. 1777 Rowerrsox Hist. Amer. (1778)
J. m1, 206 The communication with the East Indies, by a
or Alexan-
Pope
line of demarcation between the Spanish and Portuguese
P ‘ions at a di of one h d leagues to the west
of the Azores, z
(4) of other lines dividing regions.
1801 W. Tayior in Afonthly Mag. x1. 646 As if the whole
North of Germany, within the line of demarcation might
very © ientl asep pire. 1809 W. Irvine
Kuickerd. (1861) 25 Nothing but precise demarcation of
limits, and the intention of cultivation, can establish the
possession. 1856 Srantey Sinai § Pal. vi. (1858) 267 So
completely was the line of demarcation observed. . between
Pheenicia and Palestine, that their histories hardly touch.
. Jig.
1776 Bentuam Fragm, Govt. iv. § 36 Wks. I. 290 These
bounds the supreme body. .has marked out to its authority :
of such a demarcation, then, what is the effect? 1790 Burke
Fr. Rev. 43 The speculative line of demarcation, where
obedience ought to end, and resistance must begin, is. .not
easily definable. Lyewt Princ. Geol. IL. ut. xxxvii. 327
Where the lines of demarcation between ies ought
to be drawn. 1883 Century Mag. Dec. 1 A strange
demarkation between the sexes was enforced in these cere-
monies.
Demarch (di'maik). [ad. L. démarchus, a. Gr.
Shuapxos governor of the people, president of a
deme, f. djuos district, deme, common people +
épxés leader, chicf.] In ancient Greece : The pre-
sident or chief magistrate of ademe. In modern
Greece: The mayor of a town or commune.
1642 Coll. Rights & Priv. Parl. 10 At Lacedemonia, the
Ephors: at Athens, the Demarches. ¢ 1643 Alaximes Un-
JSelded 38 Demarchs, or popular Magistrates, to moderate
their supposed Monarchy. 1838 ‘I'nirtwatt Greece IL. xi.
74 The newly inc ated townships, each of which was
governed by its local magistrate, the demarch. 1884 J. T.
Bent in Macm. Mag. Oct. 431/2 These eparchs again look
after the demarchs or mayors of the various towns.
|| Démarche (dema‘rf). (In mod. Dicts. de-
march.) fa. F. démarche (15-16th c, in Hatzf.),
vbl. sb. f. démarcher (12th c.) to march, f. dé- = L.
De- I. 3 + marcher to Marcu. In the 18th c.
nearly anglicized ; now treated as a French loan-
word.] Walk, step ; proceeding, manner of action.
1658 tr. Bergerac's Satyr. Char. p. v, As much deceived as
those are that. .expect to learne Comportment from a Come-
dians Demarche. 1678 Tremrie Let. Ld. 7'reas. Wks. 1731
11. 479 By the French Demarches here and at Nimeguen..
I concluded all Confidence irreparably broken between Us
and France. 1741 Collect. Lett. in Lond. Frunl. x. (T.),
Imagination enlivens reason in its most solemn demarc!
1885 L. Marer Col. Enderby's Wife u. viii. 139 (Stanf.)
‘Tired out, past caring whether her démare a wise
or a foolish one. : ;
Demarchy (dfmaski), [ad. L. démarchia, a.
Gr. 8npuapxia the office of a Demarcn: see -Y.]
The office of a demarch; a popular ———
The municipal body of a modern Gree! comniie.
1642 Brivce Wounded Consc. Cured § 1.9 Such..were
Eptod that were set aque the Kings of Lacedemonia. -or
the Demarchy against the Senate at Athens. a
Unfolded 38 If the people in Parliament may c their
Lawes, the y will prove a Demarchy, and that
spoiles and destroyes Monarchie.
+ Dema'rk, dema‘rque, 2.! Os. [a. F. dé-
margue-r to deprive of its mark or marks, f. dé-,
des- \Dx- I. 6) + marguer to mark. Cf. DisMark.]
trans. To remove the marks of, obliterate, efface.
1654 H. L'Estrance Chas. 1 (1655) 168 To form their de-
portment in so ovale a posture, as might de-marque and
le so
imputation [as rebellion].
[Deduced from Dr-
MARCATION after mark vb.: cf. Sp. and Pg. demar-
car and DEMARCATE.] = DEMARCATE.
1834 H. O'Brien & Towers Ireland 242 Nor are their
[myriads of ages’) limits demarked by the vague and in-
definite exordium of even the talented. .legislator, Moses
himself. 1883 F. Haut in (WV. ¥”.) Nation XXVIT 44/3
Distinguishing traits .. such as everywhere demark
denizens of a colony from those of its mother country.
Demartialize, v. once-wd. [f. Du- Il. 1+
MARTIAL a. + ‘wee trans. To deprive of warlike
deface all tokens horrid an
Demark (d/miuk), v.*
characfer or organization.
1882 W. E, Baxter Winter in India xiv. 133 The whole
population being di and demartialized
Dematerialize (dfmativrialoiz), v. [f Dr-
II. 1+ MATERIAL @. +-128.] a. ¢rans. To deprive
of material character or ities; to render im-
material. b. intr, To dematerialized.
Hence Demate‘rialized ///. a., -izing ///. a. and
ta econ ape cg
. ER in 1 + jan.
ee ee
. ec
to culstnate tn the completely dematerialised God of Chris.
tianity, 1891 Cosmopolitan X11. 114/1 He has
29 Jan. 4 She
everything into a memory, .
wil geataaiie dematerialise, and fade away like a vapour
before the eyes.
Demath, dial. var. of Day-MaTH.
1559 Lanc. Wills U1. 125 One demathe of hey.
ss Gloss. Been Cc egy ge —
a statute acre, erroneously so, ‘4
half of a Cheshire acre. .the Demath bears [the proportion]
of 32 to 30 to the statute acre. 1887 Daruincron South
1820
DEME.
Chesh. Gloss. 8. v., We speak ofa ‘ five-demath’ or a ‘ seven-
demath field’,
Demaund(e, obs. form of DEMAND.
Demay, obs. var. of Dismay v.
+Demay'n, short for PaIn-DEMAINE (fants do-
minicus), bread of the finest quality : see YEMETNE.
_Demayn(e, obs. f. DEMEAN v.!, DEMESNE.
Demd, -on, obs. f. deemed, from DEEM v.
+ Deme, 52. O¢s. Forms: 1 doama, 1-2
déma, 2-3 deme. [OEF. ad'ma, déma = OLIG.
tudmo, Gothic type démja:—OTeut. dimyon-, f.
dém- judgement, doom.] A judge, arbiter, ruler,
c82s Vesp. Psalter xiix. [1.]6 Fordon god doema is. ¢1175
Lamb, Hom. 95 pe helend is alles moncunnesdema. ¢ 1205
Lay. 9634 Perof he wes deme & duc feole 3ere. a1250 Ove
§ Night. 1783 Wa schal unker speche rede And telle tovore
unker deme? is ye
Deme (dim), 5d.2. [ad. Gr. 59 pos district, town-
» ship.]
1, A township or division of ancient Attica.
modern Greece: A commune.
(1628 Hospses 7hucyd. (1822) 86 Acharnas, which is the
greatest town in all Attica of those that are called Demo?.]
1833 Tietwatt in PAzlod. Alus. 11. 290 ‘The procession ..
is supposed to take place in the deme of Dicaopolis. 1838
— Greece 11.73 The ten tribes were subdivided into districts
of various extent, called demes, each containing a town or
village, as its chief place, 1874 Manarry Soc. Life Greece
xii. 383 He was made a citizen and enrolled in the respect-
able Acharnian deme. 1881 Blackw. Mag. Apr. 542 (Greece
§ her Clainis) Elementary schools in most of the demes.
2. Biol. Any undifferentiated aggregate of cells,
plastids, or monads, (Applied by Perrier to the
tertiary or higher individual resulting from the
aggregate integration of merides or permanent
colonies of cells.)
1883 P. Geppes in Excycl. Brit. XVI. 843/1 The term
colony, corm, or deme may indifferently be applied to these
aggregates of primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary
order which are not, however, integrated into a whole, and
do not reach the full individuality of the next higher order.
Ibid, 843/2 Starting from the unit cf the first order, the
plastid or mona, and terming any undifferentiated aggre-
gate a deme, we have a monad-deme integrating into a
secondary unit or dyad, this rising through dyad-demes into
a triad, these forming triad-demes, etc.
Deme, obs. form of DEEM v., DIME.
+ Demean, si. Ods. Also 5 demene, 6 de-
mayne. [f. DeMEAN v.!]
1. Bearing, behaviour, demeanour.
¢ 1450 Crt. of Love 734 But somewhat strange and sad of
her demene She is. 1534 More Ox the Passion Wks. 1292/2
For which demeane, besyde y’ sentence of deth condicion-
ally pronounced .. god .. declared after certeyne other pun-
ishmentes. 1590 SPENSER /. Q. 11. ix. 40 Another Damsell
-- That was right fayre and modest of demayne. 1607
Beaum. & Fi. Woman Hater ut. iv, You sewers, carvers,
ushers of the court, Sirnamed gentle for your fair demean.
1692 J. SALTER Triumphs Fesus 2 She was a Virgin of severe
demean, on Est Ox Travelling (R.), ‘These she. .
would shew, With grave demean and solemn vanity.
2. Treatment (of others),
1596 Spenser /. Q. vi. vi, 18 All the vile demeane and
usage bad, With which he had those two so ill bestad.
Demean (dimin),v.1 Forms: 4-5 demeyn(e,
_ demein(e, 4-6 demene, (5 demeene, dymene’,
4-6 (chiefly Sc.) demane, 4-7 (chiefly Sc.) de-
mayn(e, demain(e, 5 demesne, 5~7 demeane,
6 demean. [a. OF. demene-r (in Ch, de Roland
11th c.), also deminer, -mianer, -moner (pres, t. 7/
demeine, demaine) to lead, exercise, practise, em-
ploy, treat, direct, etc., se demener to carry or con-
duct oneself, = Pr. demenar, It. dimenare, a Romanic
deriv. of DE- pref. + menare, F. mener to lead, con-
duct, ete. :—L, mzndre, orig. (= mindr7) to threaten,
in post-cl. L. ‘to drive or conduct’ cattle, and,.by
transference, ships, men, etc. The demaine, demane
forms, found chiefly in Sc., are perhaps derived from
the OF. tonic form demeine, demaine. Demesne is
taken over from the sb. so spelt.]
+1. trans. To conduct, carry on (a business,
action, etc.) ; to manage, deal with, employ. Ods.
¢1315 SHoreEHAM 167 Tha3 hy[t] be thor; senne demeyned.
¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 2196 Scheo .- well
coupe demeyne richeyse. c¢ 1440 LypG. Secrees 4 Alle his
Empryses demenyd wern and lad By thavys. . Of Arystotiles
witt and providence. ¢1449 Pecock Ref”. ul. vi. 312 Cristis
.. abstenyng fro temporal ynmovable possessiouns lettith
not preestis for to hem take .. and weel demene into gode
vsis. 1490 Caxton Exeydos iv. 19 For to demeane this to
effecte. 1523 Lp. Berners /roiss. I. clxxxv. 219 So often
they went bytwene the parties, and so sagely demeaned
their busynesse, 1529 More Com/. agst. Trib. u. Wks.
1207/2 Euen for hys riches alone, though he demened it
neuer so wel. 1613 Sir H. Fincu Law (1636) 21 ‘These vses
being turned into estates shall be demeaned in all respects
as estates in possession. 1644 Mitton Aveof. (Arb.) 68
As our obdurat Clergy have with violence demean’d the
matter,
+b. To lead (one’s life, days).
1413 Lypa. Pilgr. Sozw/le wv. ii. (1483) 59 How they demenen
the dayes of theyr lyues, Rae 7 é
+c. To express, exhibit (sorrow, joy, mirth,
etc.). Obs. ( = ME. ead in same sense.)
[Cf. Cotgr. demener le dueil de, to lament, or mourne for ;
demener ioye, to rejoyce, make merrie, be glad.)
¢ 1400 Rom. Rose 5238 For hert fulfilled of gentilnesse, Can
In
175
ba demene his distresse. c1477 Caxton Yasou 69 The
gan to crye and demene the gretteste sorowe of the world.
c1489 — Blanchardyn iv. 21 Suffryng theym to demayne
theire rewthis and complayntes. 1564 Hawarp £utropius
ut. 31 There was great myrth demeaned at Rome after theese
newes. 1565 GotpING Ov/a's Met. vin. (1593) 195 ‘Then all
the hunters shouting out demeaned joie ynough. 1607 Hry-
woop Woman Killed v. iv, With what strange vertue he
demeanes his greefe.
+d. To produce, or keep up (a sound). Ods,
[So in OF .]
1483 Caxton Gold, Leg. 407/2 The leuys of the trees de-
a a swete sounde whiche came by a wynde agre-
able.
+2. To handle, manipulate, manage (instruments,
tools, weapons, etc.). Obs.
c1300 K. Adis. 663 ‘The fyve him taught to skyrme and
ride, And to demayne an horsis bride [=bridle]. c 1325
Coer de L. 456 What knyght .. coude best his crafte For to
demene well his shafte. ¢ 1384 Cuaucer /1. Famte 959 Lo,
is it not a grete myschaunce 1l’o lat a fool han gouernaunce
Of thing that he can not demeyne?
+3. To manage (a person, country, etc.); to
direct, rule, govern, control, Ods.
1375 Barsour Bruce xx. 356 The kyng .. Wes enterit in
the land of span3e, All hajll the cuntre till [de]man3e. ?a 1400
Morte Arth, 1988 Vhe kynge .. Demenys the medylwarde
menskfully hyme selfene. ¢ 1440 Genxerydes 4622, 1am your
child, demeane mi ye list.
ii, {He gave] Ieru m to Henry..
to haue and to demain. 1513 Moke in Grafton (Avon. 11,
766 ‘To the ende that themselves would alone demeane and
governe the king at their pleasure.
+4. To deal with or treat (any one) in a specified
way. b. es. (chiefly in Sc. writers) To treat badly,
illtreat, maltreat. Ods.
1393 Gower Conf. I. 196 And thought he wolde upon the
night Demene her at his owne wille. c1485 Digdy A/yst.
(1882) ut. 1582 Lord, demene me with mesuer ! 1509-10 Act
t /fen, VIII, c. 20 § 1 Merchauntz denysyns .. [shall] be
well and honestely intreated and demeaned. 1595 SrENSER
Col, Clout 681 Cause have I none .. To quite them ill, that
me demeand so well. 1682 Lond. Gaz, No, 1682/1 ‘The
Lords Commissioners of Justiciary.. Decerne and Adjudge
the said Archibald Earl of Ate to be Execute to the
Death, Demained as a Traitor, and to underly the pains of
‘Treason, 1685 Argydl's Declar. in Crookshank Hist. Ch.
Scotd. (1751) 11. 316 (Jam.) Demeaning and executing them..
as the most desperate traitors.
b. 1375 Barsour Bruce x1. 609 Full dyspitfully Thair fais
demanit thaim rycht stratly. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 238/2
In the fornais of fyre of fayth he was destrayned, smeton,
demened and beten [L, feriedatur and perducchatur], 1513
Doucias Afnets 1x, viii. 52 Sall I the se demanyt on sik wys?
1596 Spenser /*, Q. vt. vii. 39 That mighty man did her de-
meane With all the evill termes, and cruell meane, That he
could make. @1651 Catperwoop //ist. Aire (1842-6) IIL.
69 Putt a barrell of powder under me, rather than I would
be demained after this manner.
+5. To deal, distribute, hand over. Ods.
1439 /. E. Wills (1882) 114 The thirde parte to be de-
menyd and yoven..to pore peple. @1656 UssHer laa.
(1658) 461 In lieu of Cyprus, to demeane unto him certain
Cities with a yearly allowance of corn.
6. refl. [from 1] To behave, conduct or comport
oneself (in a specified way). The only existing
sense: cf. DEMEANOUR,
¢ 1320 Sir Benes 3651 So Beues demeinede him bat dai.
¢ 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Egipciane 557 Bot I lefit nocht pane
myne syned, Bot me demaynyt as I dyd are. 1413 Lypc.
Pilgr. Sowle 1. xv. (1859) 12, I haue none experyence of
wysedom, how myselue to demene. c 1450 Crt. of Love 731
Demene you lich a maid With shamefast drede. 1530
Parser. 511/1, I demeane, or behave my selfe .. Ye me forte
«je me demayne. 1568 Grarron Chron, II. 349 Your sub-
jectes have lovyngly demeaned themselves unto you. 1590
Suaks, Com. Err. iv. iii. 83 Now out of doubt Antipholus
is mad, Else would he neuer so demeane himselfe. 1624
Caer. Smitu Virginia ut. i. 43 So well he demeaned him-
selfe in this businesse, 1682 Norris //zerocles 31 We should
..demean ourselves soberly and justly towards all. x7xx
Suartess, Charac. (1737) I. 1. iii. 191 To demean himself
like a Gentleman. 1821 Soutney in Q. Rev. XXV. 305
No man who engaged in the rebellion demeaned himself
throughout its course so honourably and so humanely. 1858
Hawtnorne Fr, & /t. ¥rnuls. 1. 109 The Prince Borghese
certainly demeans himself like-a kind and liberal gentleman.
b. fig. of things.
1581 J. Bett Haddon’s Answ. Osor. 150 b margin, How
will demeaneth itselfe passivelyand actively. 1644 MiLton
A reop.(Arb.) 35 To have a vigilant eye how Bookes demeane
themselves as well as men, 1854 J. ScorrerNin O77's Circ.
Sc. Chem, 287 In many of its relations it [pydrogen] demeans
itself so much like a metal, that [etc.].
te. with an object equivalent to the refl. pronoun. Ods.
¢ 1375 Sc. Leg, Saints Prol. 81 Hou scho demanyt hir flesche,
Til [=while] saule & body to-gydir ves. cx1q400 Destr.
Trey 3925 Troilus .. demenyt wall bis maners & be mesure
wreght. 1633 Foro Broken H.1. ii, How doth the youth-
ful general demean His actions in these fortunes? 1649 Jer.
Taytor Gt. Exemp. Pref. § 12 That man demean and use
his own body in that decorum which [etc.].
td. adsol. (Cf. Benave 3.) Obs. .
1703 Penn in Pa. Hist. Soc. Ment. 1X. 206 How to demean
towards them, least there should be any alterations in their
tempers. 1703 Rwles of Civility ix, How we are to demean
at our Entrance into a Noblemans House.
+7. pass. To be behaved, to behave or conduct
oneself; = prec. sense. Ods, Cf. DEMEANED.
1375 Barsour Bruce v. 229, I wald ga se .. how my men
demanit are. ¢1450 Merlin 79 We pray yow to yeve us
counseile .. how we myght beste be demened in this matere.
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 60 It was affirmed (that
being with loyalty demeaned) you should at length receive
the reward of .. glory.
\
DEMEANING.
§ 8. app. To bear or have in mind; to re-
member. Ods. (? Associated or confused with
MEAN v.)
¢1460 J. Russert Bk. Nurture 1163 [A mershall] When-
soeuer youre sovereyn a feest make shall, demeene what
estates shalle sitte in the hall. 1494 Fanyan Chrov, vit. 625
But it is to demeane and presuppose that the entent of hym
was nat good. ¢ 1530 ht. Ruoves LA Nureure 3.6 in
Labees Bh, (1868) 81 ‘Vhen gine good eare to heare some
grace, to washe your selfe deimeane.
Demean (dim7n), v2 [f. Dr- I. 1+ MEAN a,
prob. after debase: cf. also BEMFAN v3
It has been suggested that this originated in a miscon-
ception of Demran v.! in certain constructions, such as that
of quot. 1596 in 4 b, and r5go in sense 6 of that vb, (Johnson
actually puts the latter quot. under the sense ‘debase’.) It
is rare before 1700, and the only 17th c. quots. (1601, 1659
below) are somewhat doubtful, Quot. 1751 in sense 2 shows
how in certain contexts ¢esean may be taken in either sense.
See monograph on the word by Dr. Fitzedward Hall in (Vez
York) Nation, May 7, 1891.] ;
1. frans. ‘To lower in condition, status, reputation
or character.
y
(1827) Lu. iii. 366 Without any way demeaning
ing poverty. 1862 Hawrnokne Our Old //ome (a
‘There is an elbow-chair by the fireside which it would not
demean his dignity to fill.
2. esp. ref. ‘Vo lower or humble oncself.
1659 Lurton’s Diary (1828) IV. 373, I incline rather to
have Masters of Chancery attend you, and go on errands
on both sides. It will cut off all debates about ceremonies,
of your members going up and demeaning themselves, or of
their demeaning themselves here. 1720 Lett. fr. Alist’s
Fru. (1722) 1. 306 That Men of Honour and Estate should
demean themselves by base condescension, a@17§1 Dop-
prince Fam, Lapos. § 169 (T.) It is a thousand times fitter
that I should wash thine [feet}; nor can I bear to see thee
demean thyself thus. 1754 Rich rpson Grandison LV. xviil.
140 A woman is looked upen as demeaning herself, if she
gains a maintenance by her needle. 1848 ‘THackrray Han.
fair vi. (1856) 40 It was, of course, Mrs. Sedley’s opinion
that her son would demean himself by a marriage with an
artist’s daughter, 1876 Brack J/adcap V. xxix. 260 Could
a girl so far demean herself as to ask for love?
b. Const. fo or fo do (what is beneath one).
1764 Foorr J/ayor of G. u. ii, Have I, sirrah, demean'd
myself to wed such a thing, such a reptile as thee! 1767
S. Paterson Another Trav. 1. 427 Vhis lesser philosophy
engagingly demeans itself to all characters and situations,
1859 Gro. Evior A. Bede 15 Vhis woman's kin wouldn't like
her to demean herself to a common carpenter. 1861 Sat,
Rev, 30 Nov. 551 Vhey would not demean themselves to
submit to this sort of paltry tutelage.
+Demea‘n, a. Ods. [app. an extended form of
mean adj.; perh. from confusion of mesne, demesne.]
Of middle position, middle-class, middling.
1380 Sir /erumb, 382 Yam her bote a demeyne kni3t
of be realme of fraunce [orig. dva/t Y am her a meyne
kny3t].
Demean, Demeane, earlier forms of DEMESNE.
+Demea‘nance. 0s. Also 5-6demenaunce,
[f. Demean v. + -ANCE. Prob, formed in Anglo-
Fr.] | Demeanour, behaviour.
1486 Surtees Misc. (1890) 48 A graduate of the Universitie
of Cambridge, with record under the seal of the same Uni-
versitie testifying his demenaunce there. a@1529 SKELTON
Balettes Wks. 1. 25 Demure demeanaunce, womanly of porte.
1532 W. Watter Guiscard & S. (1597) Bij, Your vertuous
ae and carefull demeanance. 1647 H. Morr Song of Soul
1... Ixxxvii, Fair replying with demeanance mild.
+Demea‘nant, a. Olds. In 5 demenaunt.
[ad. OF. demenant, pres. pple. of demener: see
DEMEAN v.l and-ant!. Cf. F. demener marchan-
dise, to trade or traffique. Cotgr.] Dealing,
trading.
1467 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 404 None other citezen withyn
the seid cite demenaunt. /é/d. 393 No citezen resident
withyn the cite and demenaunt.
Demeaned (dimind), ff/. a. [f. DemEAN 2.1
+ -ED.] Conducted, behaved, -mannered (in a
specified way). Cf. DEMEAN v.! 7.
14.. Lync. Temple of Glas 1051 For so demeyned she
was in honeste, That vnavised nobing hir astert. ¢1450
Alerlin 106 Whan thei sawgh hym thus demened. 1586
A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 142 Vilde, lewd, and ill
demeaned. 1634 Massincer Very Woman 1. v, A very
handsome fellow, And well demeaned !
Demeaning (dim/nin), vd/. sb. [f. as prec. +
-1nG !,]
+1. Managing, ordering, governing, directing, etc.
1429 in Rymer Fadera (1710) X. 426 In a aE, of
the which Tretie. 1432 Paston Lett. No. 18 I. 32 The
reule, demesnyng, and governance .. of the Kinges persone.
¢ 1440 Generydes 2052 ‘Thre thowsand knyghtes att his de-
mening. 1450-1530 M/yrr. our Ladye 177 Vhey se clerely,
after the demenyng of goddes sufferaunce, al thynghes that
were to come. .
2. Conduct, behaviour, demeanour. Oés. exc. in
demeaning of oneself, comporting oneself,
14.. Lypc. Temple of Glas 750 Hir sad demening, of wil
not variable. 1461 Paston Lett. No. 405 {1. 31 For cause
of his lyght demeanyng towards them. 1580 Nortu P/u-
tarch Yo Rdr., The particular affairs of men .. and their
demeaning of themselves when [etc.]. c 1640 J. Smytu Lives
Berkeleys (1883) “I. 66 Other misgovernances, and unruly
demeanings. .
DEMEANING.
_Demea , PPl. a. [f. Dewean v2 +-1NG 2]
That demeans ; lowering in character, repute, ete.
_ 1880 Dervthy 70 That is ly odd, very di
ing to Aime! 1889 moyen | | May 2/3 Where are the
men to memory it would be demeaning to place
their bones. . beside those of Nelson and Collingwood ?
Demeanour ((/mfpo:). Forms: 5-7 de-
meanure, 6 -er, (-ewr, 7 -eure), 6-9 -our, -or,
(6 oure) ; also 6 demen-, demeinour, demain-,
demaner, 6-7 demanour, (6 demesner, de-
measnure, 7 demesnour). [A derivative of
Demean v.', app. of English or Anglo-Fr. forma-
tion: the corresponding OF. words are demene-
ment, demené, demenée. Tt is not,certain from the
evidence whether the suffix was originally -xre,
OF. -etére :—L. -atiira, as in armour, or the Fr. -er
of the infinitive, taken substantively, as in demurrer,
disclaimer, dinner, supper, user, etc. In either case
the ending is assimilated to the -owr of Anglo-Fr.
words like honour, favour, etc., and -er (favoured
in U.S) a further alteration of this after honor,
Savor, Ct. Benavrour.]
1. Conduct, way of acting, mode of proceeding
(in an afiair); conduct of life, manner of living ;
practice, behaviour. Formerly often with @ and f/.
1494 Fasvan Chron. ut. xiviii. 32 The kynge disdeynynge
this demeanure of Andragius. 153g Fisner Ji &s. (1876) 419
His shameful demainer. 1543-4 dct 35 Hen. V// 1,0. 6 $1
Mayntenaunce, imbracery, sinister labour and corrupt de-
meanours, rgs0 Crowtey Way te Wealth 185 If you be
found abhominable in thy behavioure towardes thy neigh-
boure, what shalt thou be founde .. in thy demaners to God
ward? 1634-5 Brereton 77a. (1844) 157 The lunior ludge
told me Hy a very wise demeanour of the now mayor of
Ross, 1662 BramMare Just | ined. iv. 53 Unlesse they would
give caution by oath for their good demesnour. 1677 E.
Saurn in rath Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 40 A com-
mission is appointed to examine Lord Shaftsb{ury’s] de-
meanours. 1783 W. F. Martyn Geog. Mag. 1. 34 Rewards
or —- due to its [the soul's) demeanor oa
earth. rf :
+b. Wrong conduct, misdemeanour. Obs. rare.
168: Trial S. Codledge 20 You cannot think we can give
a priviledge toany Friend of yours to commit any Demeanor
to offer Bribes to any person.
2. Manner of comporting oneself outwardly or
towards others; bearing, (outward) behaviour.
(The usual current sense.)
1509 Fisher Fux. Serm. C tess Richmond Wks. (1876) 202
In favour, in wordes, in gesture, in euery demeanour of her-
self so grete noblenes dyde appere. 1577-87 Hotinsurn
CAron, ILL, 1188 2 Nine Frenchmen apparelled like women
and counterfeiting some like demeanor to the apparel!
wherein they were disguised. 26g0 G. Warts tr. Bacon's
Adv. Learn. 384 Pliant demeanure pacifies great offences.
rn Mirron ?. Z. vi. edie Goddess-like demeanour
forth she went. ¢ 1820 S. Rocers /faly, Gt. St. Bernard 9
Iwo dogs of grave demeanour welcomed me. 1876 J. H.
Newnan fist, S&. 11. ii. 71 The Turks .. are .. remark-
able for gravity and almost apathy of demeanour.
+3. Treatment of any one. Oéds.
54 Haut Cérva. ooo b, Thei were sore beaten, wounded,
Good men lamented this ungodly
and very evil intreated.
demeanure.
+4. Management, direction. Oés.
16.. Mitton (Webster), God commits the managing so
great a trust .. to the demeanour of every grown man.
Demeasne, obs. form of DEMESNE.
Demegoric (dimiggtik), a. [ad. Gr. dyun-
yyopex-ds, f. Sypryyopos popular orator, f. tnpos
common people + dycpevew to harangue.) Of or
pertaining to public speaking.
1892 J. B. Bury in Forte. Rev. 651 The controversy .. is,
like most other controversies of the day. .carried on in such
a demegoric atmosphere, that [etc.].
Demeigne, demeine, obs. ff. DEMEsNr.
+ Demeine. (és. Also demayn, -demaine.
[Short for Parn-pemaine, AF. pain demeine, L.
— dominicus, i.e. ‘ Lord's *; see DEMESNE.]
d of the finest quality.
1288 1 ther Albus (Rolls) 1. 353 Panis dominicus qui dicitur
demeine ponderabit wastellum quadrantis, ¢ 1420 Axturs
of Arth. xxxvii, Thre ye of weap . For to cumford
859 Rivey Li (Rolls)
his brayne. ther Albus I. p. lxvii, The
very finest white bread, it would seem, was that known as
Demeine or lords’ bread.
Demein(e, obs. form of Demgan 2.1
Demelaunce, obs. form of DEMI-LANCE.
i Démélé (cemé le). [Fr.; =quarrel, contest,
debate ; cf. déméler to disembroil, disengage, f. des-,
de- (Ds- I. 6) + mesier, méler to mix.] Discussion
between parties having opposite interests ; debate,
contention, quarrel.
1661 Evevyx Land. Swed. Amd. Diary (1892) 11. 487
Bong tlle el erp pn ml cut the
peg ape J of 2ofthem, 1818 Scorr Ar. Lamm. xxii, At
the risk of a démelé with a cook. 1834 Grevitie Alen,
Gee TF tee IIL. xxiii, 69 (Stanf.) There is a fresh aéneédé
wr
USSIA.
+ Demerlle, v. Oss. [A derivative of MELL v.,
or OF. mesiler, meller to mix; OF. desmeller, -meller
Sylak hase, wtach bed a cure Genie teen.
was to disperse, f. des-, dé = L, dis- + mesler, | 3664 H. More AI/yst. Tnig. $66 7 ee * de
méler to mix.] trans, To mix, mingle. mentate you to your own ruine. Wowtaston Xelig.
wgx6 Will of R. Peke of Wakefield 4 June, A veste | Nat. v. 107, 1 not here of men with wine.
ment .. with myn armes and my wyffes demellede | 18a9 Soutuey Sir 7. More (1831) I, 86 Those whom the
: Prince of this World. .dementates.
176
+Deme'mber, v. és. [ad. F. démembrer
(OF. desm-), or med.L. démembrdare, var, of dis-
membrare to DisMEMBER, f. L. de-, dis- (see De- I.
6) + membrum limb. —_ of DismEMBER,
ce. IV, A .
hegluhs to ba clewe or desteit uihia ies Seaclonr fae
Bavrour /"racticks (1754) 47 Be ressoun of the pane of dente
or demembring.
Hence Demembrer ; Deme-m) vb. sb,
x Se. dets Jas. JV, $Q (1814) 11. 225/1 He sall pass
persew the slaaris or Demem! is, 1566 ed. Sc. Acts,
Fas. 11, c. 50. gt b heading, Anent ter or demem-
Demembration (dimembré-fon). [ad. med.
L. démembration-em, n. of action ft. dimembrére to
Dismember: see prec. Cf. OF, demanbration
(Godef.).] The cutting off of a limb ; mutilation ;
dismemberment. (Chiefly in Sc. Law.)
1597 ed. Se. Acts, Jas. 1", § 28 heading, Anent man-slayers
taken, or fugitive: and of Demembration. 1609 Skene
Reg. Maj. Treat. 134 Mutilation and demembration is
punished as slauchter, gt gh Ged 20 Gee. //, Any juris-
diction inferring the loss of life or demembration is abro-
gated. 1857 Jerrrevs Rexdurghshire 11. iv. The
| slaughter and demembration of a number of Turnbulls. 1861
W. Beit Dict, Lave Scotl., Demembration .. is applied to
the offence of maliciously cutting off, or otherwise separating
| any limb, or member, from the body of another.
| deprive of mind, drive ma
fig. 18a8-go Tytcer //ist. Scot. (1864) 1. 221 Demembra-
tion of the kingdom could not for a moment be entertained.
| Demembré, Her. [Fr.] = DisMEMBERED.
1727-51 in CHamsers Cyc/.
Demenaunt, obs. form of DrMEANANT.
+Demency. és. Also -cie, -sy. [ad. L.
ee ee a a er nn
DEMERGE. :
Hence Deme-ntated f//. a. = DEMENTATE a,
nay { Dene nae a.
F F
Giteesion aya BL Devens, ctthens Bee Like Deen
Physick 38 | ing Disaster of those
inking the
Ladies ‘d.. by their being drunk.
De For Hist. Devil uxt (@ o,f Mag Fpl
world, 1813 Q. Aer. IX. 419 ..seem to have been per-
tion (dimentéfan). [ad. med.L.
démentation-em (Du C. , n. of action from @&
mentare to Dewant.] ‘The action of dementing ;
the fact or condition of being demented ; madness,
infatuation.
1617 Donne Serm. exxxviii. Wks. 1839. V. 469 And then
lastly. .they come to that infy ii that D jon, as
that they lose [etc.]. 1680 Baxter Cath, Comenenn, (1
Dementation gure bates Pentiien. iyo Famen 2 aa?
1. 610 note, ‘strong — of the English version
5 ft is... judicial i . :
fectly
is a happy fi
mentation before doom. Guanstoxe in Contemp. Rev.
Oct. 486 This policy pod ees one of dementation.
+ Deme‘ntative, 2. Oés. [f. ppl. stem of
| démentare + -1V¥.) Characterized by madness.
1685 H. Mort aralif. Prophet. 398 ir dementative
| lunatic tricks. 1828 Scorr F. Af.
dementia madness, f. démens, -ment-em out of one’s |
mind, f. De- I. 6 + mens mind. Cf. F. a@émence
(sth c. in Hatzf.).]
1. Madness ; infatuation.
tsza Sketton Why not te Court 679 The kynge his
clemency Despenseth with his demensy. 1559 W. Cunninc-
uAM Cosmogr. Glasse 71 That were a poynt of demency or
madnes. 3687 W. Sciater Fx. 2 Thess. (1629) 225 Saint
Paul .. imputes to them no lesse than franticke demency.
2. Med.= Dementia. [tr. F. démence (Pinel).]
1858 Corcann Dict. Med. 11. 441 M. Pinel arranged mental
diseases into 1*t Mania .. 2 Melancholia .. 34 Demency, or
a particular debility of the operations of the understanding,
and of the acts of the will.
+ De-mend. 0s. [OE. amend, f. pr. pple. of
déman to Derm.) A judge.
Beownlf 364 Metod hie ne cupon, dada demend. ¢ 1200
Trin, Coll. fom. 171 For pat hie shulen cnowen ure de-
mendes wradde.
Demene, obs. form of DEMEAN v., DEMESNE.
Dement (d/ment), a. and 56. [a. F. dément
adj. and sb., ad. L. d@mens, d@ment-em out of one’s
mind, f. De- I, 6 + mens, mentem mind.]
A. adj. Out of one’s mind, insane, demented.
Obs. or arch.
1560 RouLann Crt. }enns 11.290 With mind dement vneis
scho micht sustene The words. 1856 J. H. Newman Cadlis/a
(1890! a48 Speak, man, speak! Are you dumb as well as
dement ? a ;
B. sé, A person affected with dementia ; one out
of his mind.
3888 H. A. S(arrn) Dartwie 43 A dement was known to
the writer who could repeat the whole of the New Testa-
ment verbatim. pe cs Mercier Sanity 4 Ins. xv. 379 An old
dement begins to whimper because his posset is not ready.
Dement (diment), v7! [ad. L. aémentire to
(cf. OF. démenter,
Godef.), f. démens, démentem, DEMENT a.) trans.
To put out of one’s mind, drive mad, craze.
1545 = Exp. Dan. v.(R.), He was thus demented and
bewite with these pestilent purswasions. Bae
Aped. 80 Minysters of Sathan, whych thus seke to ente
the symple hartes of the @ 1662 Banu Left. 11,
255 (Jam.) If the finger of God in their spirits should so far
dement them as to disagree. 1703 D. Witttamson Ser,
bef. Gen. Assembly 50 The Heathens used to say, whom the
is would destroy these they demented. 1890 W. C.
usset. Ocean Trag. 1. viii, It would not require more than
two or Tockdents of thin aort to waterty Gemant hen.
Hence Demecnting /#/. a.
1877 Miss Yonor Cameos Ser. 11. xxxi. 315 The dementing
demon of the Stewarts.
Dement, 2.2 rare—'. [a. F. démentir, in
OF. desmentir, {. des-, dé- (De- 3. 6) + mentir:—
L. mentiri to lie.) trans. To give the lie to ; to
assert or prove to be false. Ep
31884 H. Wasen Std, Bt, 539 WO firmness, she de-
+Dementate, « Obs. [ad. L. d&mentit-us,
pa. pple. of d@mentére to Dement.) Driven mad,
1640 2 The plots of de-
Intentions of Armie Scott. our
mentat Pranic Bt J. Surru Lar. Relig. Appeal u. 1
Raving and dementate
Dementate (d/mente't), v. [f. ppl. stem of
L. démentére to DeMeNT.] = DeEMENT 2.1 ? Obs.
| démens, démentem > see
Anger and Rage.
Demented (d/merntéd), sp’. a. [f. Dement v.
+ -ED!; corresp. to L. d@mentatus DEMENTATE.]
Out of one’s mind, crazed, mad ; infatuated.
1644 J. Maxwewt Sacr. & Maj. 105 Who can be so
Paver ab ypoge nage san abana 2 i
Dr For Mist, Devil u. x. (1840)
mented? 1885 J. Pavn 7alké of Town Il. 248 He threw
himself out of the room like one demented.
b. Affected with dementia.
1858 Cortann Dict, Med. M1. 462 Maniacs and mono-
1 carried away .. by illusions and hallucinations
A seh: * agi nor P any-
J.R. Reynoups Syst, Med. 11. 33 There is a
tients, in wl
the mind is almost
extingui 4 vain Dict. Med. s.v. Dementia, Fewer
are left to reach the ented stage.
Hence Deme‘ntedly acv., Deme-ntedness.
x Melbourne Punch ¢ June 365/4 Those behind ..
harted h Ives di Si inst those in front. 1876
amounting to
G, Merenrtn Beanchk, Career 228 A delusion
dementedness.
Dementholize, -ed: see Dr- II. 1.
| Dementia (dimenfid). [L. n. of state from
EMENT a. First used to
render the term démence of Pinel. Formerly Eng-
lished as DEMENCcY. :
1. Med. A species of insanity characterized by
failure or loss of the mental powers; usually con-
sequent on other forms of insanity, mental shock,
various diseases, etc.
1806 D. Davis tr. Pinel’s Treat,
English writers have translated this term
into dementia. 1851 Hoorer ade Mecxm (1858) 131 The
sine tinery. eine Bd eae pet lng yt Dis. iii.
to . A nm .
(tetigenceeneeied or ewan e is said tc be suffering
from tia.
2. gen. Infatuation under the influence of which
t is as it were paralysed.
++ Sue
in ——— them—such the dementia of the night
agent.
+Dementie, 54. Obs. - obs. F. dementie
(1387 in Godef.) = mod.F. f gi of the
lic, £ démentir = Demext v.2] The giving any
one the lie. (Now only as French, démenti (de-
mf&at7).) Hence +Dementie v. frans., to give
the lie to, belie; = Dement v.2
SavioLo Practice u. Vja, To come to the ende of
= en ft See eeee Se Sy Jbid. V ij a,
come direct!
a
sux of havi démenti. Times Dec. \, That
ing a di ~ 3 1883 7 ine (Stanf.
official dénments.
Dementify, v. rare. [f. L. dément-em DEMENT
a, + -FY.] =Dement 2.1
1856 OtusteD Slave States 420 Dementifying bigotry or
self-important
-
DEMERIT.
mergier (14-15th c.).]
merse. ,
¢ 1610 Donne Whs. 1859 VI. 347 Our Soules demerged into
those bodies are allowed to partake Earthly pleasures. an 4
Boyie Contn, New, Exp, u. (1682) 23 Air breaking fort
through the Water, in which it was demerged.
Demerit (dime'rit , st. [a. F. démérite, or ad.
L. démeritum, f. ppl. stem of L. démeréri to merit,
deserve, f, De- I. 3 + meréri to deserve, meritum
desert, merit, In Romanic the prefix appears to
have been taken in a privative sense (De- I. 6),
hence med.L. démeritum fault, It. demerito, ¥.
démérite (14th c. in Littré) ‘desert, merite, deseru-
ing ; also (the contraric) a disseruice, demerite,
misdeed .. (in which sence it is most commonly
used at this day) ’, Cotgr.]
+1. Merit, desert, deserving (in a good or in-
different sense). Freq. in p/. Obs.
1399 Rolls of Parit, 111. 424/1 Your owne Wordes .. that
+ seats not worthy..ne able, for to governe gt ptt owne
merites. 1447 Will of Hen, VI in Carter King’s Coll.
Chapeli. 13 His most fereful and last dome when every man
shal .. be examined and demed after his demeritees. 1490
Caxton Eneydos, xxiv. 91 A mercyfull god and pyteous
wylle retrybue hym iustely alle after his demeryte. 1548
Hatt Chron, 151 b, For his demerites, called the good duke
of Gloucester, 1548 Upatt Erasm. Paraphr. Luke 3a,
Your demerites are so ferre aboue all prayses of man. 160
Howtanp Plutarch's Mor, 233 Worldly happines beyond al
reason and demerit. 1607 Suaxs. Cor. 1. i.276 Opinion that
so stickes on Marcius, shall Of his demerits rob Cominius.
1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi's Eromena Ep. Ded. A iij b,
Considering Pe known noble demerits, and princely cour-
tesie. 1731 Gay in Swift's Lett. Wks. 1841 11. 665 Envy not
the demerits of those who are most conspicuously distin-
guished,
+b. That by which one obtains merit ; a meri-
torious or deserving act. Ods.
1548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. Pref., What thanks then. .
for these his notable demerits ought our Protector to receive
of his? 160x Hottann Pliny 1. 456 It is reputed a singular
demerit and ious act, not to kill a citizen of Rome. 1655
M. Carter Hon. Rediv. (1660) 8 The first atchiever in any
Stock whatever, was a new man ennobled for some demerit.
2. Desert ina bad sense: quality deserving blame
or punishment; ill-desert; censurable conduct:
opposed to merit, In later use, sometimes, defi-
ciency or want of merit.
1509 Barctay Shyp of Folys (1570) PP ij, To assemble these
fooles in one bande, And their demerites worthily to note.
1643 Sir T'. Browne Relig. Med. (1656) 1. § 53 The one
being so far beyond our deserts, the other so infinitely below
our demerits. 1675 Tranerne Chr. Ethics xiv. 193 The
least sin is of infinite demerit; because it breaketh the
union between God and the soul. 1 Dryven Fables,
pebieg. an & Atal. 327 Mine is the merit, the demerit thine.
1741 Ricnarpson Pamela (1824) 1. 155 God teach me hu-
mility, and to know my own demerit ! 1851 Dixon W, Penn
xxxii. (1872) 308 It is no demerit in Penn that he did not see
at once the evil. 1865 Lecxy Ratio. (1878) I. 357 The
rationalistic doctrine of personal merit and demerit.
+b. A blameworthy act, sin, offence. (Almost
always in f/.) Ods.
1485 Act 1 Hen. VII, c. 4 Priests .. culpable, or by their
Demerits openly reported of incontinent living in their
Bodies. 1494 Fanyan vil. 507 Some there were that for
theyr demerytys were adiugyd to perpetuall a 1549
Compl. Scot, iti. 27 That samyn boreau is stikkit or hangit
eftiruart for his cruel demeritis. wy Suaks. Mac, 1. iii.
226 Not for their owne demerits, but for mine Fell slaughter
on their soules. a 1637 B. Jonson Underwoods, Misc. Poems
lvi, There is no father that for one demerit, Or two, or three,
a son will disinherit. ‘ H
ec. transf. Asa quality of things: Fault, defect.
1832 Lewis Use & Ab. Pol. Terms vi. 62 The merits or
demerits of hereditary royalty. 1 Sincteton Virgil
I. Pref. 2 Which has, it may be, the demerit of being new.
+3. That which is merited (esf. for ill doing) ;
desert ; punishment deserved. Ods. é
1621 Cape Serm. 12 But Ahab..had quickly his demerits,
being destroyed, and al his seed. 1728 Wodrow Corr. (1843)
ILI. 393 Many members of the Assembly thought deposition
the demerit of what was already found.
Demerit (dimerrit), v. Ods. or arch. [f. L.
démerit-, ppl. stem of démeréri to deserve (see
rec.); partly after F. démériter (16th c. in
atzf.), to merit disapproval, fail to merit.] ~
+1. trans. To merit, deserve, be worthy of (good
or evil ; sometimes sec. the latter, and opposed to
merit). Obs. .
1538 J. Husee Let. Visct, Lisle 12 Jan. in Lisle P.
V. 19 The caitiff .. shall suffer such pains as he hath de-
merited, 1548 Uva Erasm. Par, Pref 5 If I have de-
merited any love or thanke. 1612 T. Tavtor Comm. Titus
iii. 7 Any matter or meanes demeriting the fauour of God.
1619 H. Hutton Follies Anat. (1842) 26 These are the sub-
jects which demerit blame. 1657 Tomtinson Renou’s Disp.
570 Those that barns ng -Antidotaries..think they demerit
much praise, 1711 Br. Witson in Keble Life ix. (1863) 283
Such sentence. .as the nature of your crime demerit.
+b. To obtain by merit, to earn (favour, love,
etc.). Obs.
1555 Even Decades 25 They browght with them .. to de-
merite the fauour of owre men great plentie of vytayles, 16xz
Sreep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xv. § 110 His Princely desire to
aduance their weale, and demerit their loue. 1613 T. Gopwin
Rom, Antiq. (1674) 96 Noblemen .. sometimes, to demerit
the Emperour his love oe their lives in this fight.
+e. To earn favour of (a person). Ods.
we, magi Fonas (1618) 389 A Priest of Baal will cut
OL. .
trans. To plunge, im-
ir
and launce his owne flesh to demerite his idoll. 1612 T.
‘Tavior Comm. Titus iii. 5 The likeliest things to demerit
God: as workes of righteousnesse. ax Haves Gold.
Rem. (1688) 37 Vo demerit by all courtesie the men of meaner
ank.
+2, To deprive of merit, to take away the merit
of, disparage. Obs,
1576 Wootton Chr. Manual C iv. (L.), Faith by her own
dignity and worthiness doth not demerit justice and righteous-
ness, a 1643 W. Cantwricut Siege 1. i, My lofty widdow,
Who, if that Thad dignity, hath promis’d ‘I’ accept my per-
son, will be hence demerited.
3. To failto merit ; to deserve to lose or be with-
out. Obs. or arch.
1654 Coxaine Dianea 11. 217 Wherein hath the unfor-
tunate Doricia demerited thy affections? 1754 Rictaxpson
Grandison (1781) V. xxxii, 208 A blessing that once was de-
signed for him, and which he is not accused of demeriting
by misbehaviour, 1865 ‘T'rexcu Synon. NV. 7. § 47 (1876) 163
It is unearned and unmerited, or indeed demerited, as the
faithful man will most freely acknowledge.
+4, intr. To incur demerit or guilt; to merit
disapproval or blame, deserve ill. Ods.
1604 Parsons 37d Pt. Three Convers. Eng. 122 The soules
in Purgatory may meritt and demeritt ; nor are sure yet of
their saluation, 1605 Ii. Jonson Volpone wv. ii, I will be
tender to his reputation, How euer he demerit. a1677
Barnow Serm, (1687) I. 478 For us, who deserved nothing
from him, who had demerited so much against him. a1734
Noxru Lives (1826) 1. 96 For he was... the kings servant
already, and had not demerited,
+ b. ¢vans. To earn or incur in the way of demerit.
1635 Suecrorp Learned Disc. 140 (T.) Adam demerited
but one sin to his posterity, viz. original, which cannot be
augmented,
Demeritorious (dime:ritderias), a. [f. Dz-
MERIT after meritorious: cf. ¥.déméritoire (15th c.
in Hatzf.).]
1. Bringing demerit, ill-deserving, blameworthy ;
opp. to merttortous.
1605 T. Bett Motives conc. Romish Faith 92 Good works
are meritorious to such as be viatores and liue in this world ;
and likewise euill workes demeritorious. a1670 HackeT
Cent, Serm. (1675) 229 The ill use of it..in those that perish
is demeritorious. 1871 ALanaster Wheel of Law 46 The
demeritorious kind is illustrated by a wilful breach of the
law. 1882 L.Srernen Science Ethics 279, | deserve blame,
and my conduct is de-meritorious, oc
+2. Failing to deserve, undeserving. Obs. rare.
a 1640 Jackson Creed x. xli, Some kind of endeavours are
. as effectual, as others are idle and impertinent or demeri-
torious of God’s grace to convert us.
Hence Demerito'riously adv., according to ill-
desert.
1703 Burkitt On N. 7. Rom. viii. 6 The end and con-
dition of all carnally-minded persons. .is death ; always de-
meritoriously, that which deserves death.
+ Demerlayk. 0s. Forms: 3 dweomerlak,
-lac, 4 demorlayk, 4-5 demerlayk(e. [f. ME.
dweomer:—OE, dwimer in zedwimor, -er, illusion,
phantasm, gedwimere juggler, sorcerer + ME. /ayh,
Lat play, a. ON. ikr (=OE. ldo). Cf. Dweo-
MERCREFT.] Magic, practice of occult art, jugglery.
¢ 1205 Lay. 270 pa sende Asscanius .. After heom 3end bat
lond, Pe cupen dweomerlakes song. Jd. 11326 Tuhten to
dade mid drenche r mid dweomerlace oder mid steles
bite. c1325 EZ. £. Allit. P. B. 1578 Deuinores of demor-
rie pat dremes cowbe rede. a1400-50 Alexander 414
All pis demerlayke he did bot be pe deuyllis craftis.
+ Demerse (dims1s), v. Obs. [f. L. démers-,
ppl. stem of démergére: see DEMERGE.] ¢rans.
To plunge down, immerse, submerge.
1662 J. Sparrow tr. Behme’s Rem. Whs., 1st Apol. to B.
Tylchen 73 When it demersed it self into the Center, to hide
it self from the Light of God. 1669 Bovie Contnu. New. Exp.
11, (1682) 22 The Reciever was demersed under the water all
this night. 1691 E. Taytor tr. Behme's Theos. Philos. 369
And demerse itself solely into the single Love of God.
+ Deme‘rse, 2. Bot. Obs. [ad. L. démersus,
pa. pple. of démergére.] =next.
I Martyn Lang. Bot., Demersum folium, a demerse
leak “treteant in aquatic plants.
Demersed (d/miv1st), Af/. a. [f. prec. vb. +
-ED.] Plunged down, immersed. In Zot. (repr. L.
démersus): Growing beneath the water,submerged.
1866 Treas. Bot., Demersed, buried beneath water.
Demersion (dims:1fan). Obs. or rare. [ad. L.
démersion-em, n. of action from démergétre: see
Demerce. (Occurs also in 15-16th c. French.)]
Plunging in, immersion ; submergence, drowning.
1692 Ray Dissol. World u1.v. (1732) 360 This Sinking and
Demersion of buildings. 1727 Baitey vol. II, Demersion,
with Chymists) the pasting any Medicine into a dissolving
iquor. 1807 Ropinson Archeol. Greca i. xx. cg oe eed
t.ses, demersion, or drowning in the sea. 1820 W. Tayitor
in Robberds Mem. II. 507 He was .. muddled with mathe-
matics, to whom they were always a sentence of intellectual
demersion.
Deme‘smerize, v. [f. De-II.1.+ Mesmerizz.]
To bring out of the mesmeric state. Hence De-
me‘smerizing vé/. sb. and ffl. a.; also Demes-
meriza‘tion.
1855 SmepLey Occult Sciences 232 note, The eyelids .. re-
quired to be set at liberty by the demesmerizing process.
1866 Guide Elgin Cathet i 158 The d isi:
nce of the sheriff released the Party from their
1870 Eng. Mech. 4 Feb. 508/1 He will find it very
to demesmerise his subjects,
DEMESNE.
Demesne (diméZin,d/mrn). Forms: 4-7 de-
meyn, -e, 4-8 demayn, -e, 5 demene, -eigne,
5-6 demeine, 6- demain(e, 6-8 demean/e, 7-8
demeasne, demesn, 7- demesne. [a. Anglo-F.
demeyne, -eine, -cigne, -ene, later demesne = OF.
demetine, -aine, -oineé, originally a subst. use of the
adj. demenié, demeigne, demeine, -aine, -oine, etc.,
belonging to a lord, seigneurial, domanial, of
the nature of private property, own, proper :—
L. dominic-us, -um of or belonging to a lord or
master, f. dominus lord ; sce in Du Cange domint-
cus ‘ proprius’, dominicum * proprietas, domanium,
quod ad dominum spectat’. Lemesne is thus a
differentiated spelling of the word Domain, q.v.
Though the correct Latin equivalent was domint-
cum, in med.L, it was often represented by domi-
nium, or by domanium, a latinized form of the ver-
nacular word,
The Anglo-French spelling demesne of the law-books, and
17th c. legal antiquaries, was partly merely graphic (the
quiescence of original s before a consonant leading to the
insertion of a non-etymological s to indicate a long vowel),
as in mesne =OF, meien, meen, mean, mod.F., Moyen;
partly perhaps influenced by association with mesne itself,
in ‘mesne lord’, or with mesuie :-mansionadta house, house-
hold establishment. Demesne land was app. viewed by some
as terra manstonatica, land attached to the mansion or sup-
porting the owner and his household. Perhaps also Bracton’s
words (see sense 3) gave the notion that the word had some
connexion with menxsa. ‘Vhe prevailing pronunciation in the
dictionaries and in the modern poets is dimin; but dimé'n
is also in good legal and general use, and is historically
preferable: cf. the variant form domain.)
I. Possession.
(In Germanic, including English, law, the primary idea in
relation to property is fossession, not ownership (= Roman
dominium), as we now understand it. Hence, d atives
of L. domininm and proprietas became in me al law
chiefly or even exclusively associated with p (Sir
F. Pollock.)]
1. Law. Possession ‘of real estate, as one’s own.
Chiefly in the phrase ¢o hold in demesne (tenere in
dominico), i.e. in one’s own hands as possessor by
free tenure. (Forinerly sometimes in f/. by con-
fusion with senses in IT.)
Applied either to the absolute
to the tenure of the person who
mediately or immediately from the k Opposed to ‘to
hold in service’ (tenere tu serviti if A held lands, i
mediately or mediately of the king, part of which he ret
in his own hands, and part of which were in turn held of
by B, he was said to hold the former ‘in demesne’,
latter ‘in service’. B, in his turn, might hold his por
wholly ‘in demesne’, or partly also ‘in service’ by admittir
a tenant under him. In every case, the ultimate (free)
holder, ‘the person who stands at the bottom of the sc
who seems most like an owner of the land, and who has
a general right of doing what he pleases with it, is said to
hold the land in demesne’. Prof. F. W. Maitland.
[x2g2 Buitton m1. xv. § 1 Car en demeyne porrount estre
tenuz terres et rentes, en fee, et a terme de vie. Mes demeyne
proprement est tenement qe chescun tient severalment en
fee..Et demeyne si est dit a la difference de ceo qe est tenu
en seignurie ou en service, ou en commun ovekes autres,
transl, For in demeyne may be held lands and rents, in fee
and for term of life. But demeyne is properly a tenement
which is held severally in fee. . The word demeyne is also used
in distinction from that which is holden in seignory or service,
or incommon with others.] ¢ 1330 R. Brunxe Chron, (1810)7
Romeyns, That wan it [Britain] of Casbalan in to ber
demeyns. ¢ 1449 Pecock Kepr. ul. iii. 2g0 Tho whiche thei
helden in her owne demenys. 1523 Lp. Berners F7oiss. I.
cexii. 257 All other thynges comprised in this present
article of Merle and of Calais we..hold them in demayn.
1570-6 Lamparpe Peramb. kent (1826) 466 The Manor of
Hethe..which the King now hath indemeane. 1612 Davies
Why Ireland, etc. (1787) 120 When the Duke of Normandy
had conquered England..he..gave not away whole shires
ion,
ownership of the king, or
Id land to his own use,
and counties in demesne to any of his servitors. 1655
Futrer Ch. Hist. 1. xiv. § 32 Had not some Laws of Pro-
vision now been made, England had long since been turned
art of St Peters Patgimony in demeans. 1672 LeycesteR
in Ormerod Cheshire (1880) I. 11 The names of such towns..
as Earl Hugh held in demaine at that time. 1876 FREEMAN
Norm. Cong. V. xxii. 8 A terrier of a gigantic manor, setting
out the lands held in demesne by the lord.
b. Ln his demesne as of fee (in dominico suo ut
de feodo): in possession as an estate of inheritance.
Not applied to things incapable of physical possession,
such as an advowson, for which the phrase is ut bee ty
or ut de feodo et jure. (Elphinstone, etc. /nterpr. of Deeds,
1885, 571-2.) ¢ phrase is quite erroneously explained by
Cowell, /nterp. s.v. Demaine. é :
[1292 Britton 1. xxi. § 4 Terres..ge il ne avoint en lour
demeyne cum de fee. fvans/. Which they held in their
demesne as of fee.] 1491 Act 7 Hen. VII, c. 12 § 5 As
ode .. as if the King were seised of the premises in his
lemesne as of fee. 1512 Act 4 Hen. V///, c. 13 Preamb.,
[They] enteryd into the sayd Maners..& thereof wer
seased in ther demean as of Fee in Cooparcenery. | 1574
tr. Littleton’s Tenures 4b, Suche one was seised in his
demeane as of fee. 1628 Coxe Ox Litt. 17 a, In his
demesne as of fee, in dominico suo ut in pi} 1642
Perkins Prof. Bh. ix. § 612. 265 Hee.. died seised of the
Land in his demeasne as of fee.
ce. Jn ancient demesne: see 4.
+2. trans. and fig. Possession ; dominion, power.
c1300 K, Alis. 7561 That soffred theo duyk Hirkan To have
yn demayn othir woman. ¢1386 Cuaucer Monk's T. 675
Alisandre. . That all the world weelded in his demeyne [v.7
demeigne, dem bc Rom. Rose 3310 To bidde me
my thought Which Love hath ongkt his
DEMESNE.
demeyne. 14.. Zpiph. in Tundale's Vis. 113 Sche that hath
heven in 34 Cewng 1508 Will of Payne (Somerset Ho.)
Goods that me th suffred me to haue in my demayn
im this axs4t Wyatt Poet. Wks. (1851) 56 Since
the hen lee My in thy demain, For service true.
1747 Carte Hist. Eng. 1. 32 Such was the place the Druids
‘ for their habitation, and they seem to have enjoyed it
in .
II. A possession ; an estate possessed.
3. An estate held in demesne: Jand
or occupied by the owner himself, and not held of
him by any subordinate tenant. a. In the wider
sense, applied to all land not held of the owner by
freehold tenants, i.e. including lands held of him
by villein or copyhold tenure. b. In a more re-
stricted sense, excluding the land held by the vil-
leins or copyholders, and applied only to that
actually occupied or held ‘in hand’ by the owner.
(Cf. Vinogradoff, Villainage in Engl. 223-4.)
Hence, ¢. in modern use, The land immediately
attached to a mansion, and held along with it for
use or pleasure; the park, chase, home-farm, etc.
[c 1250 Bracton wv. iii. ix. § 5 Est autem Dominicum, quod
quis habet ad mensam suam & proprie, sicut sunt Bordlands
Anglice. Item dicitur Dominicum Villenagium, quod traditur
villanis, quod quis tempestivé & intempestivé sumere possit
pro voluntate sua & revocare. 1292 Barron 1, xix. §1 Queus
demeynes nous tenoms en nostre meyn en cel counté. f¢rans/.
What demeynes in the same county we hold in our hands. ]
31398 Tkevisa Barth. De P. R. xiv. 1, (Tollem. MS.), ‘ Prae-
dium’ is a felde oper demayn, pat an husbonde ordeynep for
him selfe, and chesep tofore all oper. 1523 FitzHers. Surv. 2 |
It is to be inquered how many feldes are of the demeyns and |
howe many acres are in euery felde. 1541 Act 33 Hen. V///,
c. 32 The tenauntes..vpon the demeanes of the saide late
monasteri. 1562 Act 5 Eliz. c. 21 § 1 Noblemen..have im-
rked, invironed and inclosed many Parcels of their said
means. 1613 Sir H. Fincn Law (1636) 145 Land in the
Lords hands (whereof seuerall men hold by suite of Court)
is termed a Mannor: the land considered apart from the
seruice, is termed demesnes. 1641 7ermres de la Ley 107 b,
Demaines, or Demesnes, generally speaking according to
the Law, be all the parts of any Manor which be not in
the hands of freeholders of estate of inheritance, though they |
be occupied by Copiholders, Lessees for yeeres or for life,
as well as tenant at will .. Yet in common h that is
ordinarily called Demesnes, which is neither free nor copy.
1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) 1. 47 Two material causes of a
— are demesnes and services.
, Cc.
Eldest House is of the Coniers, with the Demains about
of it, a Mile Cumpace of exceding plesaunt Ground. 1623
Cockeram, Demaynes, the Lords Manor house. 1670
Cotton Espfernon 1. ut. 128 This Castle with the demean
and territory belonging to it, 1732 Swirt Proposal for Act
of Parl. Wks. 1841 11. 123 Applying 100 acres of. .land that
lies nearest his palace as a demesne for the convenience of
his family. 1844 Disrartt Coningsby mi. iv, A grassy de-
mesne, which was called the Lower Park. 1866 Gro. Exiot
F, Holt viii, Except on the demesne par ager sn; fate the
house, the timber had been mismanaged. 1875 Maine ///st.
Just. vii. 194 Reserving to himself only the mansion and the
demesne in its vicinity.
d. Demesne of the Crown, Royal demesne: the
private property of the Crown, Crown-lands, De-
1538 Letanp /tin. 1. 71 Sokbourne where as the |
mesne of the State, State demesne: \and held by |
the state or nation, and of which the revenues are
appropriated to national purposes.
1292 [see 4]. c1460 Fortescue Ads. & Lim. Mon. x,
The Kyng off Ffraunce myght not sumtyme dyspende off
his demaynes, as in lordeshippes, and o trimonie
peculier, so mich as myght tho the K England.
1577 Sir T. Smitn Commw, Eng. (1609 6 The revenues
of the crowne, as well that which came of patrimonie,
which we call the demeasnes. 1580 Norta Plutarch
(1676) 684 Part also they [tle Romans] reserved to their
State as a demean. a Fuirer Pisgah 1. 57 Converting
them into demeans his Crown. — yoney Disc.
Govt. iti. § 29 (1704) 360 According to the known maxim
of the State, that the demeasnes of the Crown .. cannot
be alienated. x Ropertson Hist, Scotl. 1. mt. 226
‘These were part of the royal desmesnes. 1832 W. IrvinG
Athambra 1. 40 The Alhambra continued a royal demesne,
and was occasionally inhabited by the Castilian monarchs.
1838 Arnotp //ist. Rome (1846) I. xiv. 271 The mass of
the conquered age was left as the demesne of the State.
1874 Green Short Hist. ii. § 6. 89 The bulk of the cities
were situated in the royal demesne.
4. Ancient demesne: a demesne from
ancient times; sfec. the ancient demesne of the
crown, i.e. that property which belonged to the
king at the Norman Conquest, as recorded in
Domesday-book, called in 1 Edw. VI. c. 4 ‘his
ancient possessions’, The tenants of such lands
had various privileges, hence the phrase came to
be applied elliptically to their tenure, as in senants
in or by ancient demesne, to plead ancient demesne.
(1a92 Brrrron im. ii. § 12 Auncienes demeynes sount terres
de nos veuz maners annex a nostre Coroune, en les queles
demeynes demurent gentz fi h par chartre
feffez, et ceux sount nos frauncs tenauntz. /rans/. Ancient
demeynes are lands which were part of the ancient manors
annexed to our Crown, in which demeynes dwell some who
have been freely enfeoffed by charter,—and these are free
tenants.) 3rg2aa Act 13 //en. VIII, Stat. hve t 23
Any person. .seised ob ienta. .in fee simple, fee , or for
terme of life, copyholde, and auncient demeane. 1577 Hanmer
Anc, Eccl. Hist, (1619) 177 The sundry and ancient demaines
of husbandmen were quite done away. 1651 G. W. tr.
Cowell's Inst. 94 The service of ancient Demesn is that
which the of the ancient Di of the
performed. Now ancient Demesne is all that which was
178
1817 W. Secwyn Law Nisi Prius\ed. 4) U1. 693 A tion
was made for leave to plead ancient demesne. Cruise
Digest (ed. 2) V. 116 ts in jent di could not
sue or be sued for their lands in the King’s courts.
Jig. T. Wiuson Xhet, 18b, Custome encreaseth
natures will, and maketh by auncient demeane th to
bee justly observed whiche nature hath appoyncted.
5. By extension: a. The land or territory subject
to a king or prince; the territory or dominion of a
sovereign or state; a DomAIN.
1387 Trevisa Higden Ace I. 201 A lond in pe myddel
bitwene pe demeynnes of Rome and Apulia. 1659 B. Harris
Parival's Iron Age53 The Low-countries, which had formerly
been of the Demaynes of France. 1670 Corron Esfernon 1.
1. 3 Jane Albret Queen of Navarre, a great Fautress to
those of the Reformed Religion. .desirous to draw all places
within her demean into the same perswasion. 1871 Brown-
inc Balaust. 1464 And I was son to thee, recipient due Of
sceptre and demesne.
b Landed property, an estate; usually fv.
estates, lands.
1584 Powe Lloya’s Cambria 123 Borough townes with
the Demeanes of the same. 1592 Suaxs. Nom. & Ful. iu.
vy. 182 A Gentleman of Noble Parentage, Of faire demeanes.
1598 Barcktey Felic. Man (1631) 359 Whose house should
contain no greater circuit than Cincinnatus’ demaines. 1
* of the demi class there is a good
G. Witxins Mis. Enforced Marriage in Hazl. Dodsley IX. |
473 Our demesnes lay near together. 1735 Somervitte Chase
1. 104 By smiling Fortune blest With large Demesnes, here-
ditary Wealth. 1844 Disraett Coningsdy u. ii, The noble
proprietor of this demesne had many of the virtues of his
class. Emerson Eng. Traits, Manners Wks. (Bohn)
11. 48 If he is rich, he buys a demesne, and builds a hall.
6. fig. A district, region, territory ; Domain.
1592 Suaks. Rom. & Ful. u. i. 20 By her Fine foote,
Straight leg, and Quiuering thigh, And the Demeanes, that
there Adiacent lie. 1659 HamMonp On Ps. Ixxxiii. 12 Annot.
416 These pastures and fat demeans of God. a1821 Keats
Sonn., Chapman's Homer, One wide expanse .. That deep-
browed Homer ruled as his demesne [rime serene]. 1851
Nicnot Archit, Heav. gg Alas! that the demesne of know-
ledge is so uncleared. p
+7. pl. Estate, means. [Probably associated with
the latter word.] Odés.
1627-77 Fecruam Resolves 1. liii. 84 In this fall of their
melted demeans, they grow ashamed to be publicly seen
come short of their wonted reuelling. 1629 Massincrr
Picture 1. i, You know How narrow our demeans are. 1650
W. Broucn Sacr. Princ. (1659) 323 Cafl he want demeanes
that is such a Prince?
III. attrib. or as adj.
(The original OF. adjective use, =‘own’', does not a) r
to have come into English; it was common in Anglo-Fr.
(e.g. 1292 Britton 11. xx. § 3 Ne tint mie les tenementz en
soen noun demeyne—/raxs/. Did not hold the holdings in
his own name), and it persisted down to modern times, also,
in a few technical phrases, e.g. son assault demesne, ‘[it
was] his [the plaintiff's] own assault’, the common plea in
justification on the ground of self-defence to an action for
attery.
1809 T'omiins Law Dict. 11. 3 H.b/1 s.v. Pleading, In an
action of assault and battery [a man with leave of Court
may plead] these three [pleas]: Not guilty, Son assault
demesne, and the Statute of Limitations. ] B
8. Of or pertaining to a demesne (3): demesnial.
1533 St. Pagers Hen. VIII, 1V. 634 We brynt theis
townes..with many oder by steadinges, and demayn places.
1801 Strutt Sports § Past. 1.i. 14 Excepting only the king's
own desmean park. 1839 T. Stapceton Plumpton Corr.
(Camden) p. xviii, Allowed to assart the demesne woods. 1861
Times 10 Oct., Extensive demesne farms are occupied... by
the larger proprietors.
b. esp. in demesne lands, lands of a demesne.
14.. Tretyce in W. of Hentley's Husb. (890) 44 Corne is
sowen upon your demayn londis. 1558-9 Act 1 Eliz. c.2
§ 2 Any the Demean Landes commonly used or occup’
with any suche Mansion or Dwelling House. Futver
Two Serm. 49 King William..caused a Survey- e to
be made of all the Demesne Lands in En
Priveaux Orig. Tithes iv. 193 The Grant
not only for the King’s demain lands, bu!
lands of the whole Kingdom.
Rome II, x. 275 The State never lost its right of re-en'
intothe possession of its demesne lands, if the tenants. .
to occupy them. 1861 7¥mes 16 Oct., Most of the lai
lands fi d by the ri
not di » are
under lease,
Demesnial (d/mé"nial, -m7-nial), a. [f. De-
MESNE, after manorial, etc. : see-1AL.] Of or per-
ising to a demesne ; domanial.
1857 Six F. Parcrave Norm. & Eng. U1. 442 Austrasia con-
tained the chief demesnial towns and cities .. of the Carlo-
“fDeme-ss,
+ e'ss, v. Obs. rare. [f. L. démess-, ppl.
stem of démetére to mow down, reap.) To cut
down oo), to reap. Laake <7
‘OMLINSON Renon’, >
whatihe Seontieas che Golscieed. vie ai tag
Demester, obs. f. DEEMSTER, DEMPSTER.
‘Demetallize, demetricize : see Dx- II. 1.
Demeuer, -meure, -mewre, etc., obs. ff, Dr-
MURE, etc.
Demeyn(e, obs. f. DEMEAN v.1, DEMESNE.
prep
Demi (de'mi), s2., a. ad Also 5-6 dimi.
F. demi:—L. dimidium : see DmmpiaTe.
Fr. word is a sb. and adj., and much used in
combination. It began to be used in English in
' DEMI-.—
.
the rsth c. attrib. in Heraldry, and in thé 16th c.
in names of cannon, soon to other uses.
At first it was often written separately; hence it
was also treated as a simple adj., and occasionally
asasb. (In certain uses the separate word survives
as Demy, q.v.) But demi- is now almost always
hyphened to the word which it qualifies, and it has
become to a large extent a living element, capable
of being prefixed to almost any sb. (often to
adjs., and sometimes to verte). f°
A. As separate word. (Formerly also demy.)
I. adj. (or adv.) Half; half-sized, diminutive.
Now rare.
lii, Co
(1611) 202 Upon these few words,
build up his Dimi Communion, his Priuate Masse. 1587
M. Grove Felts & Hipp. (1878) 43 Ere that demi the way
The course ouerpast. /éid. 48 Ere that The day was
demi jenl 1594 TB. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. u. 377
From spring demy and double tertians and quartanes.
1603 Knoiies Hist. 7 wrks (1621) 688 The complaints of this
barking demie man. 1722 De For Plague (1884) 218 This
demy Quarantine, 1891 Daily News 29 = 2/7, For wools
-- In single
wefts there is an average turnover.
+ II. as sd. A half. Chiefly e//ipt. Obs. See
also Demy.
+ Bill of Fare in Pennant London (1813) 562, 1 Grand
'yramid of Demies i a
B. Demi- in combination.
Among the chief groups of compounds are the
following :
1. In Heraldry, etc., indicating the half-length
figure of a man or animal, or the half of a charge
or bearing: e.g. demi-angel, -figure, forester,
-horse, -lion, -man, -monk, -moor, -ram, -virgin,
-wyvern ; demi-belt, + -pheon, -ship, etc.; demi-
vol, a single wing of a bird used as a bearing.
Bk. St. Albans, Her. Bv a, Demy is calde in armys
halfe a best inthe felde. 1882 Academy No. 513. 161 [Conse-
cration] crosses . . consisting of *demi-angels holding shields.
1864 Boutew, Heraldry Hist. & Pop. xxviii. § 1 (ed. 3) 4:
Two *demi-belts pale-wise. /déd. x. 55 In the Arms of the
See of Oxford are three *demi-figures. 1856 Farmer's Mag.
an. 68 A pair of.. flower vases, with *demi-horses as
andles, standing on square plinths, 1610 Guitiim Herald:
ut. xv, (1660) ag He beareth .. a “Demy Lyon
Lond. Gaz. } ve.
, cou below the shoulders. 1857 H. Ar
worth 1. Clitheroe 1.277 A *demi-wyvern carved in stone,
2. In Costume, indicating an article of half the
full size or | ; hence a definitely shorter or
curtailed form of the article, as +dem#-cap, t-collar,
+-coronal, + -gown, -robe, t-shirt, -train; + demi-
crown, acoronet. Sce also DEMI-CEINT, -GIRDLE,
1568 Nortu Guenara's Diall Pr. w.(1679)627/1 To see
a foolish Courtier weare a *demy the
crowne of his 1613 Suaxs. Hen, V/1/, w.i. (Order
cone Marquesse Dorset..on his head, a * my
ronall of Gold, 1698 Baxen tr. Balsac's Lett. 1.09 A
if you doe i cloath of for a
5
ee
afeS
a7
y
F
Ll
mn
os
9
LANGE, IQUE, | rd
Bovrtett rm. 14
corned of nue. plecmn stele exciooed
body, front and back, above the waist, and as low down
DEMI-.
the hips; this may be called a *demi-cuirass.. 1883 J.
Harton in Harper's Mag. Nov. 849/1 ‘The armor .. is a
*demi-suit worn in the days of Henry VIII.
4. In Artillery, distinguishing a piece of defi-
nitely smaller size than the full-sized piece so
named, as demz-bombard: see also DEMI-CANNON,
-CULVERIN, -HAKE.
5. In Fortification, as demi-caponier, -distance,
-parallel: see quots. Also DEMI-BASTION, -GORGE,
-LUNE, -REVETMENT,
1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., * Demi-caponniere, a construc-
tion across the ditch, having but one parapet and glacis.
1706 Puiwirs (ed. Kersey), *Demzi-distance of Polygons ..
is the distance between the outward Polygons and the
Flank. 1851 J.S. Macautay Field Fortif. 233 When arrived
at about 150 yards from the enemy's covered way, he forms
other places of arms, called *demt-farallels. 1874 Knicur
Dict. Mech., Demi-parallel, shorter entrenchments thrown
bj between the main parallels of attack, for the protection
of guards of the trenches.
6. In Military tactics, the Manége, etc., as
+ demt-hearse, -pesade, -pommada; demi-brigade,
the name given, under the first Frengh Republic, to
a regiment of infantry and artillery (Littré) ; see
also DEMI-BATEAU, -SAP, -VOLTE.
ea Europe in Ann. Reg. 7/t The sons of the Mam-
malukes .. he brought into the *demi-brigades to supply
the place of the French drummers, | 1635 Barrirrr 1/72.
Discip. \xxvi. (1643) 210 The next firing in /vont which I
present unto you, is the *Demie-hearse, 1884 E.L. ANDERSON
Mod. Horsemanship i. xvii. 154 The Greeks. . practised their
horses in leaping, in the career .. and even in the *demi-
pesade. 1762 Sterne 7. Shandy V. xxix, Springing into
the air, he turned him about like a wind-mill, and made
above a hundred frisks, turns, and *demi-pommadas.
7. In Weights, Measures, Coins, etc., as + demi-
barrel, + -galonier, + -groat, -mark, -second, + -sex-
tier, + -sovereign ; demi-ame, halfan AAM; demi-
farthing, a copper coin of Ceylon, of the value of
half a farthing.
1494 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 23 No such Merchant .. should
put any Herring to Sale by Barrel, *Demy-Barrel, or Firkin.
¢1740 SHENSTONE Economy 1. 44 Ev'n for a *demi-groat,
this open’d soul .. Revibrates quick. 1863 A. J. Horwoop
Year-bks. 30-1 Edw. J, Pref. 26 note, Mr. Booth’s quere ..
as to the reason for the tender of the *demy-mark in a
writ of right. 1816 Kirsy & Spr. Entomol, (1843) II. 248
Mr. Delisle observed a fly .. which ran nearly three inches
in a *demi-second, and in that space made 540 steps. 1817
Cosperr Wks. XXXII, 142 Under the old-fashioned names
of guineas and half-guineas, and not, as the newspapers told
us... under the name of sovereigns and “demi-sovereigns.
8. With names of fabrics, stuffs, etc., usually in-
dicating that they are half of inferior material ; as
+ demi-buckram, -lustre, + -worsted. Also DEMI-
CASTOR.
@1568 Ascuam Scholem. (Arb.) 100 Clothe him selfe with
nothing els, but a *demie bukramcassok. 1880 Daily News
8 Novy. 2/7 *Demi-lustres and Irish wools being relatively
higher in price. 1536 A. Basser in Mrs. Green Left. R. &
Lilust. Ladies W1. 295 Send me some *demi worsted for a
robe and a collar.
9. Music. +demi-cadence,an imperfect cadence,
ahalf-close ; +,demi-crotchet, a quaver; +demi-
ditone, a minor third (see Dironr); + demi-
quaver, a semi-quaver. (All ods. and rare.) See
also DEMISEMIQUAVER, -SEMITONE, -TONE.
1828 Buspy Aus. Manual,* Demi-Cadence, an expression
used in contradistinction to Fudl-Cadence..so a demi-
cadence is always on some other than the key-note. 1659
Leak Waterwks. 28 If you will you may put on *Demi
Crochets, or Quavers. 1706 Puitiirs (ed Kersey), *Demi-
ditone ..the same with Tierce Minor. 1753 CHAmBers
Cycl. Supp., Demiditone, in music, is used by some for a
third minor. 1669 Coxaine Death T. Pilkington Poems 79
Whose Loss our trembling Heart such wise lament As the
like Semi- and *Demi-quavers went. 1706 Puituirs (ed.
Kersey), Demi-quaver, a Musical Note; see Semi-guaver.
10. With names of material or geometrical
figures : Half, semi-; as demt-canal, -column,
-cylinder (hence demé-cylindrical adj.), demi-
dome, * -hill, -metope, -orbit, -pillar, -plate, -tube ;
+}demi-globe, -sphere = hemisphere; demi-
octagonal, -octangular, of the shape of half of
an octagon. See also DEMI-cIRCLE.
z 1870 Rotieston Anim, Life 20 The place .. taken by the
demi-canal. 1879 Sir G.G, Scorr Lect, Archit. Il. 38 An
entire pillar of this form must have suggested the *demi-
column. 1781 Gipson Deec?. § F. (1846) III. xl. 621 The altar
+. Was bagi in the eastern recess, artificially built in the
form of a *demicylinder. 1879 Sir G. G. Scorr Lect. Archit.
I, 5r The most normal and readily invented vault is. .of the
continuous barrel or “demi-cylindrical form. 1862 R. H.
Parrerson Ess, Hist. § Art 410 Beneath an apex or *demi-
dome, stands the relic-shrine. 1794 G. Avams Nat. § Exp.
Philos, U1. xxxii. App. 327 The flat side of this *demi-
globe. 1665 J. Wess Stone-Heng (1725) 131 A mighty Heap
in Form of a *Demi-hill. 1774 T. West Antig. Furness
(1805) 362 The ruins of the chapter-house, with four *demi-
octangular buttresses in front. 1875 Cro. Climate & T.
App. 537 The *demi-orbit, or .. the 180° comprehended be-
twixt the two equinoxes. 1776 Lond. § Westm. Guide 13
Four Gothic *Demi Pillars painted with blue Veins, and
gilt Capitals. 1885 A¢henvum 28 Feb. 284/1 A *demiplate
..is never the second plate [of the ambulacra]. 1826 oat
& Spr, Entomol. (1828) IL]. xxxv. 571 A deep channel or
*demitube. : oot
11. With ordinary class-nouns, indicating a person
or thing which has half the characteristics connoted
by the name; or is half this and half not, half-
179
and-half; hence sometimes with the sense ‘ of equi-
vocal quality or character’; as demz-atheist, -Allas,
-beast, -beau, -bisque (BISK sb.), -brule, -cwsura,
-canon, crack (CRACK sb, 11-15), -Christian, -crttic,
-dandiprat, -detty, -devil, -doctor,-gentleman, -king,
-lawyer, -millionatre, -Mohammedan, -Moor, -owt,
-pagan, -Pelagian (so -Pelagianism), -priest, -pro-
phetess, -savage, -urchin, -votary, -wolf, + demi-
damsel, -lady, -lass (rendering Sp. semddoncella) ;
+demi-male, a eunuch. See also DeEmi-cop,
-ISLAND, -ISLE, -MONDE.
1856 Boker Calaynos 1.i, Why talk you thus, you *demi-
atheist? 1606 Suaks. Ant. & Cl. 1. v. 23 The *demy Atlas
of this Earth. 1849 J. W. DonaLpson Vheatre Greeks 252
The composition of demigods with *demibeasts formed a
diverting contrast. a1700 B.E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Sub-bean,
or *Demibeau, a wou'd-be-fine. 1799 W. Tooke View
Russian Emp. Il, 606 Destitute of the finer feelings of our
nature, and a *demi-brute. 1824 L. Murray Aug. Gram.
(ed. 5) I. 382 ‘This semi-pause may be called a *demi-cesura.
1712 Cooke Voy, to S. Sea 396 Vo the Cathedral belong ten
Canons. .six * Demi-Canons, and six half Demi-Canons [etc.]
1622 MassinGer Virg. A/art. u. i, Herein thou shewed’st
thyself a perfect *demi-Christian too. 1674 S. Vincent
Yung. Gallant's Acad. Yo Rdr. A vijb, Nay the Stationers
themselves are turned *Demi-Criticks. 1756 Gray’s-/nn True.
I. 167 We the .. Demi-critics of the City of London, in
Coffee-houses assembled. 1620 SHELTON Quix. 1v. xvi. IT,
201 To this Hole came the two *demi-Damsels. 1622
MassinGer Virg. Mart. u. iii, Adieu, *demi-dandiprat,
adieu! 1640 T. Rawtins Redellion in Hazl. Dodsley X1V.
4 A religious sacrifice of praise Unto thy *demi-deity. 1820
Byron Alar. Fal. u. i. 390 The demy-deity Alcides. 1604
Suaks. O/A, v. ii. 301 Demand that *demy-Diuell, Why he
hath thus ensnar’d my Soule and Body. 1823 W. Irvine in
Life & Lett, (1864) IV. 399 What demi-devils we are to mar
such scenes of quiet and loveliness with our passions! 1737
BRACKEN /arrtery Inipr. (1757) I. go *Demi-Doctors, who
do more Mischief than all the right-knowing of the Pro-
fession do good. 1611 Speep //ist. Gt. Brit. 1x. vi. § 14
But a *Demi-King, depriued of all Soueraignty ouer one half-
deale of his Kingdome. 1742 Jarvis Quix, 1. 1v. xvi. (D.),
At this hole then this pair of *demilasses [rendered by
Morreux and OzEtL, 1757, *demy-ladies] planted them-
selves. 1825 T, JerFERSON Axtobiog, Wks. 1859 I. 45
Chicaneries .. and delays of lawyers and *demi-lawyers.
1601 R. Jounson Kingd. & Comainw., (1603) 235 Being a *demi
Mahumetan. 1728 Morcan Algiers Il. v. 294 He was
always called Aga, as are generally those *Demi-Males:
every Eunuch is an Aga. 1614 SytvestER Du Bartas,
Parl. Vertues Royall 108 Those daring *Demi-Moores.
1622 Massincer Ji7g. Mart. u. i, As 1 am a *demi-pagan,
I sold the victuals. 1626 tr. Parallel Aiij, What kindred
-. hath Arminius .. with the *Demipelagians? — /did.
Dij, *Demipelagianisme is Pelagianisme. 1590 L. Lioyp
Diall Daies 18 So inspired by god Phoebus, that she was
accompted and taken for a *demie Prophetesse. 1800
Hevena WE tts C. Neville 11. 318 The little *demi-savage
gained so many friends. 1627 Drayton Agincourt, etc. 173
Other like Beasts yet had the feete of Fowles, That *Demy-
Vrchins weare, and Demy-Owles. 1663 CowLey Complaint
vii, My gross Mistake, My self a “demy-Votary to make.
1605 SHaks. Macé. 11. i.94 As.. Mungrels, Spaniels, Curres..
and *Demy-Wolues are clipt All by the Name of Dogges.
12. With nouns of action, condition, state; as
demt-assignation, -atheism, -bob, -flexton, -incog-
nito, -nudity, -premtsses, pronation, -relief, -result,
-sacrilege, -translucence ; demi-metamorphosis
(Zntom.), partial metamorphosis, hemi-metabol-
ism; demi-toilet, half evening (or dinner) dress,
not full dress. ‘
1667 G. Dicsy Elvira in Hazl. Dodsley XV. 6x Such
words imply Little less than a *demi-assignation. 1710
Berkevey Princ. Hum. Knowl. § 155 Sunk into a sort of
*Demy-atheism, 1842 Baruam /ngol. Leg., Auto-da-fé,
Returning his bow with a slight *demi-bob. 1808 Jed.
Frnl. XIX. 81 *Demi-flexion becomes at length as painful as
the extension at full length. 1836-9 Topp Cyc/. Anat. II.
76/2 The fore-arm was in a state of demi-flexion. 1891 Pad/
Mall G, $ Mar, 1/2 When a Royal personage comes to
Paris in *demi-incognito. 1816 Gentl. Mag. LXXXVI. 1.
227 Loosely attired in the *demi-nudity of the Grecian
costume. 1 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. xxx. (1611) 400 They
iudge conclusions by *demipremises and halfe principles.
1836-9 Topp Cycl. Anat. I]. 76/2 The fore-arm was in
a state of *demi-pronation. 1874 Knicut Dict. A/ech.,
*Demi-relief .. half raised, as if cut in two, and half only
fixed to the plane. 1612 W. ScLater Ministers Portion 29
Popish *Demi-sacrilege had made seisure of tithes. 1828
Scorr Diary 17 May in Lockhart, 1 contrived to make a
*demi toilette at Holland House. 1880 Disraru Endy,
xxii, The sisters were in demi-toilet, which seemed artless,
though in fact it was profoundly devised. 1849 C. Bronte
Shirley v. 47 Dawn was just beginning to.. give a *demi-
translucence to its opaque shadows.
18. With adjectives: as demi-heavenly, -high,
-human, -Norman, -official, -pagan, ~pectinate,
-savage, -simple, -unenfranchised; demi-equitant
(Bot.) = OBvoLuTE. (With most of these sevz-
is now the usual prefix.)
1616 Syitvester Du Bartas, Tobacco Battered 536 *Demi-
heav’nly, and most free by Birth. 1871 Figure Training
120 We may go far before we meet with anything superior
to the plain *demi-high buttgn-boot now so much worn.
1822 O’Connor Chron. Eri . Ixvii, These wretched
mortals .. considered but *demi-human, the link between
man and monkey. 1876 Tennyson //arold m. i, Our dear
England Is *demi-Norman. 1804 W. Taytor in Ann. Rev.
IIL. 275 These. .are surely inferior to the *demi-official letters
of the second volume, 1818 Conssetr Pol. Reg. XXXIII.
201 The publications in the demi-official newspaper of this
country. 1833 CHALMERS Const. Man (1835) I. 1. 104 The
rf age or *demisavage nations. 159 F. Sparry
tr, Cattan's Geomancie 168 The one is simple, the yther
DEMICEINT.
*demy simple. 1893 Jiest. Gaz. 25 Feb, 2/2 Extracting
verdicts from semi-disfranchised and *demi-unenfranchised
constituencies. 3
14. With verbs and verbal derivatives : as +demi-
corpsed, * -detfy, + -digested, + -natured, + -turned.
1828 J. Witson in Blackw. Alag. XXIV. 286 He [the rider]
becomes *demicorpsed with the noble animal. 1784 Cowrer
Task v. 266 They *demi-deify and fume him so. 1660 Fisuer
Rusticks Alarm Wks. (1679) 229 In thy meer *demi-digested
demications against them. 1602 Suaxs. //amz. ww. vii. 88
And to such wondrous doing brought his horse, As had he
beene encorps’d and *demy-Natur’d With the braue Beast.
1793 J. WiLuiaMs Calm Exam. 74 Has the sphere of recti-
tude been *demi-turned, and what was yesterday upright-
ness, now antipodic?
Demi-Atlas: see Demi- 11.
|| Demi-bain (de‘mibéin). [Fr.; =half bath.]
= DEMI-BATH. 1847 in Craic.
+ De‘mi-bar. Ods. [Bar sé.! 21.] Name for
a kind of false dice.
1592 Nobody §& Somceb. (1878) 337 Those are called high
Fulloms..low Fulloms .. ‘Those Demi-bars. .bar Sizeaces.
Demi-bastion (de'mi,bz'stion). /or7¢f. [DEmt-
5.] A work of the form of half a bastion, having
one face and one flank. Hence Demi-ba‘stioned
a., having demi-bastions.
1695 Lond. Gaz, No. 3100/4 The Dutch were not able to
maintain themselves in the Demi-Bastion. 1813 C/roz, in
«lnn, Reg. 198/2 Against the demy-bastion on the scuth-
eastern angle and the termination of the curtain of the
southern face. 1832 Soutnry //ist. Penins. War IL. 235
Their efforts had been misdirected against the face of a
demibastion, 1851 J. S. Macaucay /iedd Fortif. 22 Of
Demi-bastioned Forts. : :
|| Demi-bateau (de'mijba'to). [IF r.; = half-
boat: see BarEau.] A half-bateau used in con-
structing pontoons.
1853 Sir H. Doucras ALilit. Bridges (ed. 3) 98 Those
[pontoons] of greater breadth are formed by uniting two
demi-bateaux at the broader ends so as to constitute an
entire bateau, P
DBemi-bath (de-mibap). [trans]. Fr. demt-bain.]
A bath in which the body can be immersed only
up to the loins. 1847 in Craic.
Demi-bombard, -brassard, -brigade: sce
DewI- 4, 3, 6.
Demiec (de‘mik), a. nonce-wd.
district, country, people + -1¢.]
characteristic of the people.
1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales 11. 263 Perhaps beauty is
demic or epidemic here.
Demi-cadence: see Drml- 9.
+De:mi-ca‘nnon, O/s. Also -canon. [a.
F. demz-canon (16th c. in Littré) : see Drenmi- 4]
A kind of large gun formerly used, of about 63
inches bore: see CANNON sé.! 2.
1556 [see Demi a.].
1577-87 Hotixsurp Chron. III. 1188/2 They were answered
againe with foure or five canons, and demi canons, 1587
Harrison England 1. xvi. (1877) 1. 281 The names of our
greatest ordinance. . Demie Canon six thousand pounds, and
six inches and an halfe within the mouth. Cannon, seauen
thousand pounds, and eight inches within the mouth, 1673
Phil. Trans. VU. 6040 In the Year 1672. July 9, there was
cast a Demy-canon; weighing 34 hundreds of weight. 1707
Farquyar Beaux Strat. ut. i, Her eyes..Are demi-canons
to be sure; so I won't stand their battery. 1735-6 CarTE
Ormonde 1. 341 There were three demi-canon, two sakers,
and one minion. : ; 2
b. attrib., as in demt-cannon cut, drake. (See
Cur 5.2 30a, DRAKE.)
1634-5 Brereton 7vav. (1844) 165 She carries 16 pieces of
ordinance. .four whole culverin drakes, and four iron demi-
cannon drakes. 1642 in Rushw. //ist. Cod?. 11, (1692) I. The
Walls .. are singularly well fortified with Brass and Iron
Guns, both Culverins and Demi-Cannon-Cuts.
Demi-caponier: see DEMI- 5.
+ De:mica‘stor. Ods. Also -caster. [a. F.
demt-castor ‘chapeau de poil de castor mélangé’
(Racine 17th c.): see Demr- 8, Casror1.] a. An
inferior quality of beaver’s fur, or a mixture of
beaver’s and other fur: usually a¢érib., as in demt-
castor hat. wb. A hat made of this.
1637 Lanc. Wills 11. 142 To W™ Nickson one demicastor
hatt. cx64s Howett Ze?t. III. xi, In that more subtill air
of yours tinsell sometimes passes for tissue, Venice Beads
for Perl, and Demicastors for Bevers. 1721 C. Kine Brit.
Merch. I1. 236 Beaver, Demicastor, and Felt Hats, made
in.. Paris.
. @1658 CLevetanp Sir J. Presbyter 58 Pray for the
Mitred Authors, and defie Those Demicastors of Divinity.
Demication : see Dimr-.
+ De-miceint. Oés. Forms: 5-6 demycent,
-sent, dymyceynt, -sent, dymisent, dymysen,
‘son. [a. F. demi-ceint, demd-ceinct, ‘a halfe-
girdle; a woman’s girdle, whose forepart is of
gold or siluer, and hinder of silke, &c.’ (Cotgr.) ;
. demi- half + OF. ceint:—L. cinctum girdle.] A
girdle having ornamental work only in the front.
1483 in Arnolde Chron. (1811) 116 A dymysen with a red
crosse harnossid with siluer wrought with golde, 1503 WZ
of Tymperley (Somerset Ho.), A dymysent gyrdell of siluer
gilt. /déd., A dymycent withoute any corse of siluer &
gilt. c1524 Churchw. Acc. St. Maryhill, London (Nichols
1797) 128 A demysent with a cheyne and a pommander and
a pendent. 1538 Bury Wills (1850) 136 best pores
yll of gold callyd a dymysent. 1543 Nottingham Recs
I, 397 My dymyson gyrdylle and my coralle beydes.
23
[f. Gr. d7p-0s
3elonging to or
e— 3
DEMI-CIRCLE.
Demi-chamfron: see DEMi- 3.
Demi-circle (de'misd:k'l). [Demi 10.]
1. A semicircle. Now rare.
1654 Evetyn Mem. (1857) I. 308 Mathematical and magical
curiosities ..a balance on a demi-circle. 1662 Gersier
Princ. 2 How a Point, Line, Angle, Demi-circle .. must be
made. 1726 Cavatuer Mem. m. 185 The Hill Lay} in
the form of a Demi-Circle. 1864 Bourett Heraldry Hist.
&§ Pop. xxi. § 11. 370A demi-circle of glory edged with clouds.
2. Surveying. An instrument of semicircular form
used for measuring angles.
1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Demi-circle..a modest substitute
for the theodolite.
Hence Demi-ci'reular a., semicircular.
1821 Locknart Vaderino I. ix. 146 ba se might consist
of about twenty, who reclined along one demi-circular couch.
Demi-coronal: see Demi- 2.
+ De‘mi-cro:ss. Oés. [DEmI- 1, 10.]
1. The title of one of the degrees among the
Knights of Malta.
1788 Pict. Tour thro’ Part of Europe 19 There are also some
Demi-crosses, who, by express permission, are authorized
to wear the golden cross with three points.
2. An instrument for taking altitudes: see quot.
1753 Cuampers Cycl. Supp., Demi-cross, an instrument
u by the Dutch to take the sun's altitude, or that of
a star at sea.. The Demi-cross is of this figure: 1.
Demi-crotchet, -cuirass: see DEmi- 9, 3.
Demi-culverin de:mijkylvérin). Ods. exc.
Hist. [ad. F. demt-coulevrine: see DEMI- 4 and
Cutverin.] A kind of cannon formerly in use, of
about 4} inches bore.
1987 Harrison England u. xvi. (1877) 1. 281 Demie Cul-
uerijn weigheth three thousand pounds. 1598 B. Jonson
180
side of the re-entering angle of the counterscarp for their
+ Demigraine. Obs. [a. OF. demigraine
pomegranate: cf. F. g egranate, also
name of a stuff.] Name of some textile fabric.
1s40 Ld. Treas. Accts. Scot. in Pitcairn Crim. Triads 1.
*302 To be ane cote to the Fwle, vi quarteris
and vi quarteris Frenche jallow. _—
+ Demigra‘ne. ° Os. a. F. demigraine
(Cotgr.), var. of migraine, -L. demigranta, for
L. hémicrania, a. Gr. jyuxpdviov pain on one side
of the head.] = HEMICRANIA, ra
€ Lanfranc's Cirurg. 301 And for demigrania
wchak lots blood in Fe templis of his heed .. I hadde a jong
man .. bat hadde demigrayn of hoot cause.
+ Demigrate, v. Ols. [f. ppl. stem of L.
démigrare to migrate from, depart, f. De- I. 2 +
migrare to MIGRATE.] intr. To remove to another
place or dwelling; to migrate.
1623 CocxeraM, Demigrate, tochange houses. 1651 Biccs
New Disp. ? 288 Hath it demigrated to another place?
Hence + Demigra'tion.
1623 CockeramM, Demigration, a changing of places, or
houses. 1628 Br. Haut Quo Vadis ? § 22 Are wee so foolish
that .. wee will needs bring upon our selues .. the curse
of Cain .. that is, of demigration ? +759 Sterne Tr. Shandy
II. v, The reason .. of this sudden demigration.
Demi-groat: see Demi- 7.
+ De‘mi-ha:ke, -haque. 0és. exc. //ist. Also
9 demy-hag. Ke 4.) A fire-arm used in the
16th c.; a smaller kind of Haqve or Hacxsvut,
| Also called half-hague, half-hagg.
Ev. Manx in Hum. m. i, They had planted mee three demi- |
culuerings, just in the mouth of the breach. 1611 Coryat
Crudities 104 One .. was exceeding great .. about sixteene
foote long, made of brasse, a demy culverin. x6a7 Cart.
Situ Seaman's Gram. xiv. 70. ¥ Lutrrett Brief Rel.
(1857) II. 372 The feild train of artillery in the Tower for
Flanders .. are to consist of 23 pounders, 10 sakers, and
8 demiculverins. 1772 Simes Jftl. Guide, Demi-culverin.
It is a very g field piece. 1855 Macautay //ist. Eng.
III. xvi. 685 Demiculverins from a ship of war were ranged
along the parapets.
attrib, 1634-5 BRERETON Trav. (1844) 165 She carries...
six iron demiculverin drakes. 1647 CLARENDON //ist. Red.
vu. (1703) II. 219 Retiring about Demy Culvering shot behind
a Stone Wall.
Demi-damsel,-deify, -devil: see Demi- 11, 14.
Demidiate: see Diur-.
Demi-distance, -ditone, -farthing, -galo-
nier, -gardebras: see Deml- 5, 9, 7, 3.
Demi-equitant: see Demi- 13.
+Demi-galliot, -galleyot. [Drma.: ef.
F. demi-galére, It. mezza galea (Jal).] A small-
sized galliot or brigantine formerly used in the
Mediterranean.
1632 W. Litucow 7rav. B. v. 180 This Tartaneta, or Demi
galleyot, belonged to the Ile of Stagiro, aunciently Thasia.
+ De:mi-gau'ntlet. Surz., Ods.
1706 Puiturs Demi-gantlet, a sort of Bandage us'd in the
setting of disjoynted Fingers. 1823 in Crapse 7echn, Dict.
* +Demi-girdle. 0s. = Dewicrint, q.v.
1sor [see Demi A. II.). 1
155 A dymye gyrdell. 1535 /did. 170 A demye gyrdell.
Demigod (demiged). [Demi- 11: rendering
L. semideus.] In ancient mythology, etc.: A being
partly of divine nature, as one sprung from the
Intercourse of a deity and a mortal, or a man
raised to divine rank ; a minor or inferior deity.
1530 Patscr. 366 What so ever goddes or demye goddes
that they be. 158 Nortn ?/utarch (1676) 278 They did
sacrifice. .unto the demy-gods, Androcrates. . Polyidus.
1596 Suaks. Merch. V. ui. ii. 115 What demie God Hath
come so neere creation? 1667 Mitton P, L. 1. The
oe Seraphic Lords and Cherubim .. A thousand Demy-
on golden seats, Frequent and full. 1712 Pore Ver-
tumnus 75 A thousand sylvans, demigods, and gods That
haunt our mountains. 1874 Sayce Compar. Philol. viii. 307
The gods and demi-gods of pagan antiquity. E
Misc. Papers, Fort. of Repub. Wks. (Bohn) 111. 388 Ark-
wright and Whitney were the demi-gods of cotton.
De:migoddess. vare. [Dxmi- 11+ :
rendering L. semidea.] A female demigod.
1603 Hottann Plutarch's Mor. 498 The most anti
demi-goddesses that ever were, 1788 Mrs. Hucnes Hen.
&§ /sab. 1. 74 Her whole seameees -reminded the beholder
ess.
in Weaver Wells Wills (1890) |
1541 Act 33 Hen. V//1, c. 6 No person .. shall shote in
anie crossebowe, handgunne, hagbut or demy hake. 1549
Compl. Scott. vi. 41 Hagbutes of croche, half haggis, cul-
verenis.) 58x LamBarve Fiven. ww. iv. (1588) 477 If any
person have... used or kept..any hagbut or demyhake.
1801 Srautt Sports & Past. u. i. 52 In addition to the hand-
guns, I meet with other instruments of like kind .. namely
demy hags, or hag butts. 1834 Penny Cycé. 11. 7¥t The
demthague was a kind of long pistol, the attend ci which
was made to curve so as almost to become a semicircle.
Demi-hearse: see Dem- 6.
De:mi-hunter. //atchmaking. [Demi 11.]
1884 F. J. Britten Hatch & Clockm, 8 [A] Demi Hunter
.. [is] a Watch case in which a glass of about half the
diameter of the hunting cover is let into it.
+ Demi-island. 0¢s. Also -iland. [Demi-
11.) A peninsula.
1600 HotLanp Livy xxxu. xxi. 822 Peloponnesus is a demie
island [feninsuda). 1614 Raveicn Hist. World 11. w. vi.
§ 8. 245 He was kept vnder sure guard in a demie-Iland.
1652-62 Hevuin Cosmogr. 11. (1673) 2/2 It is a demy-Island,
or Peninsula, environed on all sides with waters.
Hence + Demi-i‘slander, an inhabitant of a
peninsula.
DEMI-MONDE.
gallons, and usually cased in wicker- or rush-work,
Wilidanor toc beatlacatikiaumnadanaemaen
f transport.
“As ordinary oie is 5 gallons Demijohns
pig.
Indies, are in common household use in
The name is sometimes also given to vessels of
or stoneware le
1769 Fatconer Dict. Marine (1
bottle, containing al
ang Cates Puutiwan tn Neca! Chron Xa I perceived
. in Naw von. X. 183,
pe bela Mo ny a demijean .. containing five
men (Not in Topp 1818, nor in Pantologia 1819.] 1828
/EBSTER, ise a glass vessel or bottle in
wicker-work. Dickens A mer. Notes (1850) 122/2 Two
pec) rte ohn beggar ge! pratexbe -
ns. eisure Hour No.
round the table with a huge d Ae mf
brick-earth. Times 7 May 3 price paid for them
was said to bea ‘demijohn’ of rum. 1894 Letter fr. Messrs.
the islands.
ware
| Serutton, Sons, §& Co., We have at present 500
_— with vinegar going by one of our steamers to the West
1es.
Comb. 1884 L. Ouirnant Haifa (1887) 134 Cisterns..some
of them demijohn-
i ce (de-mijlans). Forms: 5 demye
launce, 6 demy-, deme-, demi-, dimilaunce,
dimilance, 6-7 demy-, 6-8 demilance, 7 demi-
| launce, 6-9 demi-lance. [a. F. demie dance (15th
c. in Littré): cf. Demi- 3.]
1. A lance with short shaft, used in the 15th and
16th centuries.
¢ 1489 Caxton Sonnes ; iy mon xxii. 487 Charlemagn . .
helde a demye launce in hys ¥ 1563 87 Foxe 4.4 M.
(1596) 307/1 Who inthe waie stroke the Gilbert Hum-
sard ome a blow with his demilance, that he feld both him
and his horsse to the ground. 1598 DeLoney Facke News.
ii. 43 Fiftie tall men .. demilances in their hands. 1697
Dryben J irgil vu. 1010 Light demi-lances from afar they
throw, Fasten'd with leathern thongs, to gall the foe. 1877
Miss Yonce Cameos 111. xxx. 301 He struck him such a
blow with his demi-lance as to unhorse him.
attrib, 1658 J. Bursury Hist. Christina Alessandra 358
His Holinesse likewise ordered that five of his demy-lance
men should every day wait by turns on her Majesty.
2. A light ‘horseman armed with a demilance.
| In the literal sense, obs. by 1600, exc. as historical ;
| and dimilances. 1611 Sprep //ist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xxi. § 48 Nine-
i-Lances.
a 1649 Deumo. or Hawtn. Fam, Epist. Wks. (1711) 146 |
We can hardly repair unto you demi-islanders, ae) 46
dancing and tossing on your arm of the sea.
+ Demi-isle. O/s. =prec.
1609 Hottann A mem. Marcell. xxu. viii. 200 That Biland,
or demy Isle which the Sindi inhabit. 1620 — Camden's
Brit. 1. 189 From S. Michaels mount southward .. there is
thrust forth a bi-land or demi-Isle. 1776 Mickte tr. Camoen's
Lusiad 284 Southward sea-girt she forms a demi-isle.
Demi-jambe: see DEmI- 3.
Demijohn (de‘mi,dzgn). Forms: 8 demijan,
9 demijean, demi-john, demijohn. [In F. dame-
| jeanne (1694 Th. Corneille dame-yane, 1701 Fure-
titre Dame Jeanne, lit. ‘Dame Jane’) ; so Sp. dama-
Juana (as if Dama Juana); mod.Pr., in different
dialects, dama-jana, damajano, damojano, dame-
jano, dabajano, debajano; Cat. damajana; It.
damigiana ; mod, Arabic il<*s, il<l> dama-
Janah, dimajanahk, etc. in 1gth c. lexicons.
The current Eng. form is the result of popular perversion
as in ‘sparrow-grass’; the earlier demiyan, demijean, ap-
proach more closely to the F. and Romanic, whence the
word was adopted. The original rye = etymology
of the word are disputed : see Rev. A. L. Mayhewin Academy
age 1893. Some have assumed the Arabic to be the source
of the Romanic forms, and have sought to explain this as of
Persian origin, and derived from the name of the town
Damghin or Damaghan, pitas, a commercial em-
and the unfixedness of its form aoe apes damajanan,
ofa or dem B.D. Watsn Arai damajanan, damanjanah) points, in the opinion of Arabic
saphs Clouds ste, Os am Teo ths the musical maids s, to its recent adoption from some foreign language,
cm divi . ly from Levantine use of It. damigiana.
Are certain divine demigoddesses? : re
Hence Demigo-ddess-ship Se een te be Rommnic, some berg token Oo 2
: fe a forms as the starting-point
1858 —Crmet: tl — (1882) IIL. pa, pen | these either a L. type *dimidiane rom dimidinm half (Alart
inde .. emigodd Pp -- 3S -- Charged. | in Rev. Lang. Rout. Jan. 1877), or the phrase dé medidna
Demi-gorge (demi,gg:1dz). Fortif, [Demi- | middle or mean (size) (in illustration of which Darmesteter
§.] That part of the internal pol from the
angle of the curtain to the centre of the bastion
(or point where the lines of the two adjacent cur-
tains intersect) ; forming half of the gorge or en-
trance - the bastion. -
i ‘ed. K T.F in C. Gist’
Prd (a9) 9901 m hangin of ae Curialos lnghowt 39 fots
J. S. Macavtay #etd Forttf. 29 Vauban stren:
of demi and 44 yards of capital. >
mirritus A til. Non (able) sty Hat Ol 46 yunde an ans
cites from a 13th c. tariff of Narbonne the phrase ‘ampolas
de mieja megeira’=L. ampullas d? media mensira), But
these suggestions fail to explain the initial da- ent in
all the Jangs.; on account of which M. Paul Meyer (like
Littré) thinks that all the Romanic forms are simply -
tions or transliterations of the French, this being si
Dame Feanne ‘Dame Jane’, as a popular appellation th
Bellarmine, greybeard, etc.), This is also most in accord-
ance with the historical evid at pr k ,» Since
the word occurs in French in the 17thc., while no trace of it
Ss ye early has been found elsewhere.
large bottle with bulging body and narrow neck.
holding from 3 to 10 (or, in extreme cases, 2 to 15)
s
in 17th c. often used humorously like ‘ cavalier ’.
1544 CRANMER in M. Burrows Worthies All Souls v. (1874)
65 To send up one demy-launce well furnished. 1560 Diurn.
Occurrents (1833) 56 V™ fute men and xviije lycht horsemen
teene Knights, sixe hundred demi- RLEY
Love's Cruelty mm. ii, Be not ed iv apiece 1755 CARTE
Hist. Eng. 1V. 55 The forces u his command consisting
of 600 demilances, 200 archers on horsebacke, 3000 on
1849 J. Grant Kirkaldy of Gr. ix. 82 oe his troop
of demi-lances d this col of the army.
Hence Demi-la‘ncer = DEMI-LANCE 2.
1552 Hvutoet, Dimilauncer or bearer of a dimilaunce,
lancearius. ae Souldiers Accid, 40 The
second Troope of Horse were called Launciers or Demi-
launciers. 1% Entick London 1. 452 A large Body of
demi- rs in bright armour.
mi-lass: see DeMi- 11.
Demi'litarize, v. [f. Dx- II. 1 + Mirary
+-IZE.] trans. To take away the military organ-
ization from. (In quot. referring to the np
of the Austrian ‘ military frontier’). Hence De-
mi:litariza‘tion.
1883 A. J. Parrerson in Pad? Mail G. 2 Oct. 1/2 Two out
of the Croatian frontier regiments were demilitarized. But
..the Hungarians. .delayed the of demilitarization.
Demilune (de-mil'zn), sb.(a.) [a. F.demilune,
| in 16-17th c. demée June half moon: cf. Demt- 10.]
+1. gen. A ‘half-moon’, a crescent. Ods.
1734 Nortu Lives (1808) 1. 228 (D.) An immense mass of
stone of the shape of a demilune. 1734 — Exam. m1. vii.
95 (1740) 578 These stately Figures were planted in a
ilune al an huge Fire. ‘
2. Fortif. An outwork resembling a bastion with
a crescent-shaped gorge, constructed to protect a
eae Coe Beit: eit Half-Moon, in for
s in for-
tification an otek. Senclating OF tata fates, cunt two
little flanks. Daily News 26 Sept janes have
ones Seabed bere ten gates of Paris.
3. Physiol. Demilunes (crescents) of Giannussi
or Heidenhain: certain crescent-shaped proto-
plasmic bodies found in the salivary glands.
Syd. Soc. Lex., Demilune of Giannussi, a granular
eet oeninn tiene which forms part of
the cell-contents of the sali cells.
B. adj. Crescent-shaped, semilunar.
1885 Proc. KX. Soc. 19 Mar. 215 The demilune cells and the
—— which are present .. in the sub-maxillary gland
the cat.
Demi-lustre, -mentonniére, -metamor-
phosis, -metope: see Demi- 8, 3, 12, 10.
Demi-man: see Demi a.
|| Demi-monde (damé,mdid, demijmgnd). [Fr. ;
lit. ‘ half-world’, ‘ half-and-half eT
invented by Dumas the younger. Cf. Demt-rep.)
The class of women of doubtful reputation and
social the outskirts of ‘society.’
( mes, c aa extended to in-
DEMI-OSTADE.
1855 Fraser's Mag. U1. 579 His [Dumas’] Demi-Monde is
the link between good and bad society. .the world of com-
promised women, a social limbo, the inmates of which. .are
perpetually struggling to emerge into the paradise of honest
and respectable ladies. 1884 Mrs. C. Prarep Zero xiv, The
demi-Monde overflowed the Hotel de Paris. 1893 V. Y.
Nation 27 Apr. 320/t His province is the demi-monde, the
Bohéme of the modern Miirger, the Paris of Zola and the
Naturalists.
b. attrib. or as adj, 1864 SALA Quite Alone 1. i. 10 ‘Is she
demi-monde ?’..‘ Nobody knows’.
Demi-natured : see Dremi- 14.
Deminish, etc. : see Drurnisn, etc.
+ Demi-o'stade, -ostage. Os. Also 6 Sv.
damyostage. [a. OF. deme ostade, hostade, estade,
f. demi, -e half + ostade, hostade, austade, ‘ the stuffe
worsted or woosted’ (Cotgr. 1611).] A stuff:
apparently half-worsted half-linen, linsey-woolsey.
1537 Ld. Treas. Accts. Scot. in Pitcairn Crim. Trials 1.
290 l'wa steikis of double Damyostage to hing about the
Quein [at her funeral]. 1538 Aderd. Reg. V. 16 (Jam.), A
hogtone of demyostage begareit with veluot. [1593 tr.
Guicciardini’s Descr. Low Countreys 33 b, Sarges or Sayes,
Wosteds, Demi-wosteds [It. ostate, #2e22e ostate] or Russels.
1764 ANDERSON Ovig. Commerce (1787) II. 112 To England,
Antwerp sent .. linen both fine and coarse, serges, demy
ostades (quzre if not worsteds 7), tapestry. 1882 CAULFEILD
& Sawarp Dict. Needlework, Demyostage, a description of
Taminy, or woollen cloth, formerly used in Scotland.]
Demi-parallel: see DEmI- 5.
+Demi-parcel. 0¢s. [Dem-7.] The half.
@ 1592 GREENE A /phonsus (1861) 232 My tongue denies for
to set forth ‘The demi-parcel of your valiant deeds,
Demi-pauldron, -pectinate, -pesade,
-pike: see DEmI- 3, 13, 6.
Demi-pique (de'mi,p7k), a. (sd.) Also 7 -pick.
[Demr- 1o.]
A. adj. Of a saddle: ‘ Half-peaked’ ; having a
peak of about half the height of that of the older
war-saddle.
B. as sb. A demi-pique saddle.
1695 Loud. Gaz. No. 3104/4 He had on a Demy-Pick
Crimson Velvet Saddle. 1761 Ear: Pemproke Milit. Equit.
(1778) 9 To be as firm, to work as well, and be quite as much
at his ease [on the bare back] as on any demipique saddle.
1771 SMotiett Humph. Cé. (1815) 3 Send Williams thither,
with my saddle-horse and the demi pique. 1819 Scotr
Legend Montrose ii, His rider occupied his demipique, or
war-saddle, with an air that shewed it was his familiar seat.
-4833 M. Scorr Tom Cringle xvii. (1859) 450 Two stout ponies
..ready saddled with old fashioned demipiques and large
holsters at each of the saddle bows.
De-mi-piqued (-p7kt), a. Also 8 -peak’d.
[f. prec. +-ED.] =prec. A.
1759 SterNE 77. Shandy I. x, He was master of a very
handsome demi-peak’d saddle, quilted on the seat with green
plush. 1761 Eart Pemproxe Milit. Eguit. (1778) 17 Nobody
can be truly said to have a seat, who is not equally firm on
flat, or demipiqued saddles.
Demi-placard, -placate, -pommada, -pre-
misses: see Denmi- 3, 6, 12.
+ De:mi-puppet. Os. [Demi-10.] A half
sized or dwarf puppet.
6x0 Suaxs. 7emp. v. i. 36 You demy-Puppets, that By
Moone-shine doe the greene sowre Ringlets make.
Demi-quaver, -relief: see Drmi- 9, 12.
Demi-rep (de'mi,rep). Also -rip. [f. Demi- 11
+ ‘rep, for reputation, mentioned by Swift Polzte
Conversation, Introd. Ns li, among ‘some abbre-
viations exquisitely refined,’ then in current use.
Cf. also reputable, in common use in 18th c. in
sense ‘honourable, respectable, decent’, and dés-
veputable.| A woman whose character is only
half reputable; a woman of doubtful reputation
or suspected chastity.
1749 Firtpinc Tom Yones xv. ix, He had yet no knowledge
of that character which is vulgarly called a demirep, that is
to say, a woman that intrigues with every man she likes,
under the name and appearance of virtue. .in short, whom
every body knows to be what no body calls her. 1754 Con-
noisseur No. 4, An order of females lately sprung up ..
usually distinguished by the denomination of Demi-Reps;
a word not to be found in any of our dictionaries, a 1764
Lioyp Poems, A Tale, Venus. . The greatest demirep above.
1831 Lytron Godolph. 57 A coaxing note from some titled
demirep affecting the De Stael. 1887 A thenzum 12 Nov.
631 His heroine appears .. more of the demirep than has
been commonly known.
attrib. 1784 New Spectator XX. 4/1 Adepts in the demi-
rip language. 1841 Edin. Rev: LX XIII. 382 Women of the
Lge, daa _transf. 1863 A. Gitcurist Life IV. Blake
I. 99 The now dingy demi-rep street.
Hence Demire’pdom, the domain or world of
demi-reps ; the demi-monde.
1839 CarLyLe in Froude Life in London I. vi. 158, I do not
see well what good I can get by meeting him much, or Lady
B. and demirepdom.
De:mi-reve'tment. Jortif. [a. F. demi-re-
vétement : see DEMI- 5.] A revetment or retaining
wall for the face of a rampart, which is carried not
to the top, but only as high as the cover in front
of it, leaving the rest as an earthen rampart at the
natural -slope. So Demi-reve'tted Z//. a. (see
quot.).
1857 Birch Axc, Pottery (1858) I. 106 At Mespila and
Larissa, the walls were demi-revetted, or faced with stone ~
only half way up; namely about 50 feet from the bottom of
the ditch. 1874 Knicur Dict, Mech., Demi-revetment.
181
Demisable (démai‘zab’l), a. [f. Demisx v. +
-ABLE.] Capable of being demised.
1657 Sir H. Grimsrone in Croke Reforts I. 499 The land
..Was..copyhold land, and demisable in fee. 1767 Biack-
stone Comm. 11.97 That they have been demised, or de-
misable, by copy of court roll immemorially, 1818 Cruise
Digest (ed. 2) 1V. 206 It was contended that the manor and
fishery were not demisable under the power, as no rent was
then paid for them.
+ Demi'sal. Oés. [f. Demise v.] What is
demised : = DEMISE 1 b.
1709 Brit. Apollo 11. No. 53 3/2 He only got a Broken
Pate, Turn’d out to Grass from all Demisals. /é/d¢. No.
56 3/1 Or on the Sex spent your Demisals, And therefore
seek to make Reprizals.
| De‘mi-sang. Zaw. [Fr.] Half-blood.
(1575-1708 7ermes de la Ley (as Anglo-French) Halfe
bloode. Demy sancke ou sangue.] 1797-1820 ‘TomLins
Laws Dict. Demy-sangue, half-blood [as in] brothers of the
half-blood, because they had not both one father and mother.
31823 Crappe Techn. Dict.
Demi-sap. /ortif [Demi- 5.) A Sap, or
trench of approach, with a single parapet.
1706 Lond. Gaz. No. 4251/2 We began the Demi-Saps on
the Right and Left. 1708 /é/d. No. 4467/3 A_Demy-Sap
was begun from the Right of the Attack on the Right.
Demise (dimai:z), 56. [app. of Anglo-Fr.
origin: démise or desmise is not recorded in OF.,
but is regularly formed as the fem. sb, from pa. pple.
of desmettre, démettre, to'send away, dismiss, ve/l.
to resign, abdicate: cf. F. mise, remise. In Ing-
lish, the prefix being identical with L. de-, there
is a manifest tendency to treat it as Dr- I. 1, as if
to ‘hand down’ or ‘ lay down’ were the notion.]
1. Law. Conveyance or transfer of an estate by
will or lease.
1sog-10 Act 1 Hen. VIII, c. 18 § 2 All Dymyses, Leses,
releses..made..by her or to her. 1587 Lapy Srarrorp in
Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 210 Nor [shall] any hinderaunce
growe to theim by this demize. 1638 Sanverson Sev. I.
94 In a demise a man parteth with more of his interest ; he
transmitteth together with the possession, the use also or
fruit of the thing letten or demised. 1817 W. Setwyn Law
Nisi Prius (ed. 4) 11. 1120 Plaintiff held by virtue of a de-
mise. 1876 Dicsy Heal Prof. v. § 1. 206 ‘The proper mode
of granting an estate for years at common law is by words
of demise followed by the entry of the lessee,
+b. The estate demised. Obs. rare.
a 1660 Hammonp Wks. I. 725 (R.), I conceive it ridiculous
to make the condition of an indenture something that is
necessarily annext to the possession of the demise.
Transference or devolution of sovereignty, as
by the death or deposition of the sovereign; usually
in phr. demise of the crown.
{1547 Act 1 Edw. VJ, c.7 Preamb., Which Actions..by the
“Death or Demise of the Kings of this Realm have been dis-
continued. 1660 Bonn Scut. Reg. 58 The King hath a per-
petual succession, and never dyeth ; For in Law it is called
the demise of the King, and there is no Inter-regnum.] 1689
Evetyn Mem, (1857) Il. 299 That King James .. had by
demise abdicated himself and wholly vacated his right.
1714 Swirt Present State of Affairs, The regents appointed
by parliament upon the demise of the crown. 1765 BLack-
STONE Comm. I. 249 When Edward the Fourth .. was
driven from his throne for a few months .. this temporary
transfer of his dignity was denominated his demise. 1848
Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 534 The unexpected demise of the
crown changed the whole aspect of affairs. 1857 Sir J. F.
W. Herscuer £ssays 615 Demise of the chair.
3. Transferred to the death or decease which
occasions the demise of an estate, etc.; hence,
popularly, = Decease, death.
1754 RicHARDSON Grandison (1781) I. ii. 7 Her father's con-
siderable estate, on his demise..went with the name. 1799
Med. Frul.1. 206 We lament the early demise of this favourite
friend of science. 1846 M°Cutocu Acc. Brit. Empire (1854)
I. 417 To trace their lives from the moment of their birth,
marking the exact period of the demise of each individual.
1878 GLapstone Prim. Homer 43 The Odyssey does not
bring us to the demise of Odusseus.
Jig. 1839 Times 13 May, After the ostensible demise of
the outward cabinet. 1860 T. L. Peacock IVs. (1875) III.
473 The demise of that periodical prevented the publication.
emise (dimoi'z), v. [f. Demise sd.]
1. Law. (trans.) To give, grant, convey, or trans-
fer (an estate) by will or by lease. ;
1480 Bury Wills (1850) 64 By oure chartre beryng the date
of thees presentes have dimised, assigned, deliuered ..to
Henri Hardman clerk, William Duffeld..the forseid maner.
1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 61 § 1 To lette and demyse fermes
ther for the terme of vij yere and undir. 1587 Lapy Star-
ForD in Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 208 Woods ..to be
demized to a yong man. 166x J. SrerpHENS Procurations 38
Afterwards Q. Eliz. ..did demise the said Commandery
and Rectory to Dr. Forth. 1733 Neat Hist. Purit, 11.7
For demising away the Impropriations annexed to Bishop-
ricks and Colleges. 1844 Wittiams Real Prop. (1877) 445
This word demise operates as an absolute covenant for the
quiet enjoyment of the lands by the lessee. :
b. To convey or transfer (a title or dignity) ; ys
said of the transmission of sovereignty, as by the
abdication or death of the sovereign.
1670 Cotron Esfernon 1. 1. 37 His Majesty would have
iven them in Sovereignty, and have demis’d to him the
itle of the Crown. 1765 Biackstone Comm. I. 249 When
we say the demise of the crown, we mean only that .. the
kingdom is transferred or demised to his successor. 1892
G. B. Smitn Hist. Eng. Parit. Il. ix. ii. 20 He therefore
recommended the Convention to declare that James II had
voluntarily demised the crown. ; x
¢e. intr. To pass by bequest or inheritance.
1823 GrevitLe Afem, (1874) 1. 64 Now arose a difficulty—
DEMISSION,
whether the property of the late King demised to the King
or to the Crown.
+2. gen. To convey, transmit; to ‘ lease’. Os.
1594 Suaks. Rich. L//, ww. iv. 247 What Honour, Canst
thou demise to any childe of mine? @1660 Hammonp IWis.
IV. xiv.(R.), Upon which condition his reasonable soul is at
his own conception demised to him.
+3. To let go; to dismiss. Ods.
ars4x Wyatr Defence Wks. (1861) p. xxxiv, [What] the
King and his Council thought in this matter when they de-
mised Mason at his firstexamination, and for the small weight
there was either against him or me. 1542 Upatt Avasm.
Afoph. 191a, Vhe Thebanes he demised and let go at their
libertee. ¢ 1610-15, Lives Women Saints 141 Vhat wearie
bones may be refreshed, And wasted mindes redressed, And
griefe demisd that it oppressed.
4. intr. To resign the crown; to die, decease. vare.
1727 A. Hamitton New Acc. E, Ind.1. x. 103 When Shaw
Abbas demised, his Son Shaw Tomas succeeded him. 1783
Cowrer Lett, 31 May, The Kings. .must go on demising to
the end of the chapter.
Hence Demi'sed ///. a., Demi'sing 70/. sb.
1547 in Vicary’s Anat, (1888) App. iii. 131 The orderinge,
bestowinge, sellinge, dymysyng .. of the late parishe
churches. 1587 R. HovenvEN in Codlect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.)
I. 211 The demising of Alsolne Colledg Woodes. 1682 Enq.
Llect. Sheriffs 33 (tis plainly implyed in the Demised and
Confirmed things and customs. 1876 Dicny Neal Prop. § 1.
380 To pay the rent or to repair the demised premises.
De'mi-sea‘son, a. [ad. F. demz-saison \also
in Eng. use), as in vole de demt-saison, a dress in-
termediate between a winter and a summer dress. ]
Of costume: Of a style intermediate between that
of the past and that of the coming season.
[1769 in Jesse G. Selwyn § Contemps. IT, (1882) 380
(Stanf.), 1.. wish to know .. if it is to be a dew? saison or
a winter velvet. 1883 Daily Zed, 18 Jan. 2 (ibid.), The
demt-saison costume.] 1890 Daily News 24 Mar. 6/t The
demi-season cape that is most largely worn. 1892 /é/d. 15
Oct. 7/¥ Bonnets, .are still demi-season in style.
Demi-semi (de'mi)se'mi), a. [f. Demi- 13 +
Semi- half: prob. taken from demdsemiquaver :
see next.] Zt, Half-half, i.e. quarter ; but usually
a contemptuous diminutive.
1805 W. ‘Tavior in Ann. Rev. IIL. 312 The demi-semi
statesmen of the present a; 1842 Miatzt in Nonconf. 11.
409 Demi-semi-sacramentarianism. 1874 Heirs Soc. Press.
vii, (1875) 98 Half men, ‘demi-semi’ men, were. .of no use,
Demisemiquaver = ((le"mi,se*mijkwé!:vo1).
Music. [Demi-9.] A note of half the value of
a semiquaver ; the symbol for this note, resembling
a quaver, but with three hooks instead of one. Also
attvib., as in denttsemiquaver rest.
1706 Pritts (ed. Kersey, Demti-semi-quaver, the least
Note in Musick. 1822‘I’. L. Peacock Alatd Marian (1837)
176 The song of the choristers died away in a shake of
demisemiquavers, 1848 Rimpautt First Bk. Piano 55 The
Demisemiquaver Rest has three crooks turning to the left.
Demi-se‘mitone. Music. rare. [Demt- 9.]
Half a semitone ; a quarter-tone.
1866 Excer Nat, A/us. ii. 27 Councillor Tilesius informs
us that the natives of Nukahiva .. distinctly intone demi-
semitones (quarter-tones) in their vocal performances.
Demi-sheath (demi,{7p). Atom. [Cf Dem-
3.] A half-sheath; i.e. one of the two channelled
organs of which the tubular sheaths, covering the
ovipositors or stings of insects, are composed.
Demi-sphere, a hemisphere : see DEMI- 10.
Demiss (dimi's), a. [ad. L. démtss-us let
down, lowered, sunken, downcast, lowly, pa. pple.
of démittére to Demit. Cf. It. demtsso ‘ demisse,
base, submisse, faint’ Florio, F. dvz7s out of joint,
OF. desmis, also ‘submitted, humble, submissiue’
(Cotgr.).]
+1. Submissive, humble, lowly; also in bad sense,
Abject, base. Ods. or arch.
1572 J. Jones Bathes of Bath u. 10a, So demisse of
nature. 1581 Savite Zacitus’ Hist. 1. li. (1591) 30 Among
the seuerer sort Vitellius was thought base and demisse.
1596 Spenser Hymne Heavenly Love 136 He downe de-
scended, like a most demisse And abiect thrall. 1612 R.
Suetvon Serm. St. Martin's 9 Spoken vnder correction of
faith, and with demisse reuerence. 1649 Jer. Taytor Gé.
Exemp. Ad Sec. xv. § 6 Sullen gestures or demiss be-
haviour. , [1888 cf. Demissness.]
42. dt, Hanging down. Oés.
@ 1693 Urqunart Rabelais ui. xxviii. 237. ;
+3. Of the head or countenance : Hanging down,
cast down, downcast. Oés. ;
1586 Bricut Melanch, xx. 121 Countenance demisse, and
hanging downe. | 1634 PracHam Gent. Exerc. 1. Vii. 23
Giving him a demisse and lowly countenance.
+4. Of sound: Subdued, low. Obs. rare.
1646 GauLE Cases Consc. 129 A demisse hollow muttering.
5. Bot. Depressed, flattened.
Demission ! (démi‘fon). [ad. L. démission-em,
n. of action from démittére : see DeMIss, DEmit!.]
1. Abasement, lowering, degradation. Now rare.
@ 1638 Meve Disc. Matt. xi. 29 Wks. (1672) 1. 158 Adored
with the lowest demission of mind. _ 1691-8 Norris Pract.
Disc. 171 This Demission of the Soul. [1883 American VI.
214 Their omission or their de ion to a lower rank.]
+2. Dejection, depression, lowering of spirits or
vitality. Ods.
1656 Blount ne be Demission, an abasement, faint-
ness, abating. 1 orris Coll. Misc. (1699) 141 Heaviness
and demission of Spirit. 1719 Woprow Cor7, (1843) IL. 45
‘Temptations to demission, FY -
DEMISSION.
3 raga Dintssion, Dis-
MISSION. From the identity of the prefix with L.
de-, there is a tendency in English to take the literal
sense as ‘ laying down’ (De- 1).]
1. The action of putting away or letting go from
oneself, giving up, or laying down (esp. a dignity
or office) ; resignation, relinquishment, abdication.
1577-87 Hotinsurp Chron. 11. 391/1 Concerning the
queenes demission of hir crowne, and resignation thereof
made to hir sonne king James the sixt. /d/d. 111. 504/2,
I shall never repugne to this resignation, demission or
yeelding vp. 16.. R. L'Esrrance (J.), Inexorable rigour is
worse than a lasche demission of sovereign authority. 1
Carre Ormonde II. 539 Ais to his Majesty for a demis-
sion of his charge. 1855 Mitman Lat. Chr. (1864) VI. xt.
vi. 466 That the Cardinals were at liberty to receive that
voluntary demission of the popedom. ‘
+b. fig. Relinquishment of life; death. Ods.
1738 THomson Liberty 1. 458 And on the bed of peace
his ashes laid ; A grace which I to his demission gave.
+2. “it. Letting down. Obs.
1664 F. Hicks in Jasper Mayne tr. Lucan 11. 305 Being
King of the Gods, and able, by the demission of a coard, to
draw up earth, and sea. ;
3. Sending away, dismission. rare. :
1811 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 428 No particular ‘period is
fixed for a demission. 1824 Lapy Granvitte Letters (1894)
I. 296 Chateaubriand’s demission was .. sudden and un-
expected.
+4. ¥ Order for release. Ods.
1554 Churchw. Acc. Vatton (Somerset Rec. Soc.) 166 The
demyssyons of y’ corte for y’ men that where putt in there.
Demi'ssionary, @.! rave—°. [See Demis-
s10N1 and -ary.] ‘ Tending to lower, depress, or
degrade’ (Webster 1864).
Demi'ssionary, 2.2 rxare—°. [See Demts-
sion and -any, Ct. F. démisstonnatre.] Pertaining
to the transfer or conveyance of an estate.
3864 in WensTER.
Demicssionize, v. [De- II. 1.] “rans. To
deprive of its character as a mission.
1883 S¢. Yames's Gaz. 19 Apr. 3 To prevent them from fall-
ing into foreign hands and becoming de-missionized.
+Demi‘ssive, a. Ods. [f. L. démiss-, ppl.
stem of démittére (Demi v.1) + -IvE.] Downeast ;
humble, submissive; = Demiss 1, 3. Hence
Demi'ssively adv.
1622 Relat. Mogul's Kingd. in Harl, Misc, (1808) 1. 259
But Sir Thomas Roe. .would not so much derogate from his
place, to abase himself sodemissively. 1630 Lorv Banians
72 They pray with demissive eyelids. a@1763 SHENSTONE
Essays, A Viston, Wks. 1764 11. 121 The subjects, very
orderly, repentant, and demissive.
+ Demi'ssly, adv. Os. [f. Demtss a. + -L¥ 2]
Submissively, humbly ; abjectly, basely.
1598 Frorio, Remissamente, demislie, remislie, basely,
cowardly. 1617 Hirron Wes. 11. 390 To thinke so s Wire!
and vnworthily of it selfe. 16r0 Hottann Camden's Brit.
ut. 139 He most demisely beseecheth .. he might now haue
experience of her merciful lenity.
+Demi‘ssness. Os. or arch. [f. as prec.
+-NESS.] Dejectedness, submissiveness, humility,
abased manner.
1603 FLorio Montaigne 147 Cato .. blained them for their
demissnesse. 1649 BuLwer Pathomyot. 11. v. 168 Exhibiting
an humble reverence, with a sweet demisseness. 1888 Bryce
Amer. Comm, I11. \xxxvii. 161 A kind of independence
of manner .. very different from the demissness of the hum-
bler classes of the Old World.
+ Demi'ssory, @. Ods. Variant of Daussory :
cf. Demir v.*
a 1631 Donne Jgnat. Conci. (1635) 115 Accompany them
with Certificates, and Demissory letters. 1708 J. CHAMBER-
rayne St, Gt. Brit, 1. 11. i.(1743) 143 He must have Letters
Demissory from the Bishop.
Demi-suit: see Demi- 3. ;
Demit (dimi't), v.l [ad. L. démittére to send,
ut, or let down, to cast down, lower, sink, f. Dr-
. 1+ mittére to send, etc. Cf. OF. demetre in same
sense. ]
1. “rans. To send, put, or let down ; to cause to
descend ; to lower.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. xxv, If they decline
their necke to the ground, they presently demit and let fall
the same [their train]. 1762 Fatconer Shipwr’. 1. 226 These
soon demitted stay-sails next ascend, 1885 R. W. Dixon
‘Hist. Ch. Eng. U1. 442 This bill seems not to have been
demitted by the peers.
+2. fig. To bring down, lower; to let down,
humble, abase. Oés.
1611 W. Scrater Acy (1629) 64 To whose capacitie though
it haue pleased the to demit himself [etc.]. a 1619
Fornersy Atheom, Pref. (1622) 18 The highest points,
which I haue carefully indeauoured to stoop and demitte,
euen to the capacitie of the very lowest. 1656 JANES
Mixt. Schol. Div. 103 ed taking on him the nature of man
+. he demitted, or humbled himselfe. 1688 Norris 7)
Love 173 When she, being Heaven-born, demits her nob!
self to such earthly drudgery.
182
+ 8. ? To lay down as a supposition ; to suppose.
1556 J. pen Spider & F. aA 29 Let vs here =
one spider and ten flise All lyke honest: who seeing two
sew at law, [etc.].
Demi't, v.* [ad. F. démett-re, in OF. desmet-re,
desmett-re, {. des-, :—L. dis- + mettre to send,
put, etc.: taking the place of L. dimittére to send
away, dismiss, release, put away, let go, lay down
(office), renounce, forsake, etc.; cf. Dismiss and
Dintr, Chiefly used by Scottish writers.]
1. trans. To let go, send away, dismiss. arch.
1529 Faitn Lp. Chr. Rdr. Wks. (1829) 473 That they..be
compelled (as Pharaoh was) to demit thy chosen children.
1 Hist. ames VI (1804) 168 Thairefter he demittit
thame frielie to pas quhair they list. 1649 Br. Gururir
Mem, (1702) 11 Mr. John was demitted, and Balmiranoch
DEMOBILIZE.
Stud. ‘The Hinds suprume Goll is;_mearatal a whole
cetes ol dems es from all care of paid 1882
Farrar Early Chr. 11. 356 The Manichees subsequently
2 that there were two.Gods—one the supreme and
illimii Deity .. the other a limited and imperfect De-
miurge.
2. Gr. Hist. The title of a magistrate in certain ”
ancient Greek states, and in the Achzan
[1600 Hottann Livy xxxu. 823 (Stanf.), He was a de-
mit J Trirtwa Greece VIII. so2 The num-
ber of x fo lan seems..to have been limited to ten.
transf. Six H. Taytor A utobiog. 11.
sures % as work .. had Snot Renae aunts
retirement of the Demiurge, James Stephen.
Hence (nonce-wds.) Demiu-rgeous a., of the
nature of a demiurge ; Demiu‘rgism, the doctrine
of a demiurge ; Demiu :
‘rgus-ship.
sent Prisoner to the Castle of Edinburgh. 1690 J. Mac- 1882 Stevenson Familiar Studies Pref. 15 Our demiurge-
KENZIE Siege London Derry 47/1 Walker [was] demitted, ous Mrs. Grundy smiles apologetically on its victi "880
and Hamil reduced. 1x ARLYLE Misc. (1857) II. 33 Poor | A. Gray Lett, (1893) 695, 1 am amused at Professor . ..’s
Longchamp, demitted, or rather dismissed from Voltaire’ bstitution of demiu: for evolution. 1886 in Century
service. Mag. XXXII. 116 * prowling ies and demiur-
+b. fg. To send away, remit, refer. Ods. ms that swarm in from the limbo of unreason. 1843
1646 S. Botton Arraigum, Err, 123 To the Scriptures
ARLYLE Past & Pr. iv. viii. (1872) 253 Unheard-of De-
doth God demit and send us for the tryall of op
+2. To put away, part with, let go. Ods.
1563 Winzet Four Scoir Thre Quest. Wks, 1888 1. 109
He geuis ane expres command to the innocent woman de-
mittand hir husband, to remain vnmariit or to be reconcilit
to hir husband [marg. 1 Cor. 7]. 1678 R. Barcray A fol.
Quakers ii. § 10. 45 These, though they cease not to call
upon God, do nevertheless demit the Spirit.
3. To let go, resign, give up, lay down (an office
or dignity) ; to abdicate.
1567 in Balfour Practicks (1754)6 We [Mary Stewart] ..
haue renuncit and demittit .. the gyding and gouerning of
this our realme of Scotland. cx610 Sir J. Mecvi. Mem.
(1735) 185 The Queen's Majesty had demitted the Govern-
ment. 1 Trans, Crt. Spain 26 (He) willingly demits
his charge of President of Castile. 1798 Dattas Amer. Law
Rep. 1. 107 We will. .not demit any part of her sovereignty.
1855 Neit Boyd's Zion's Flowers Introd. 36 His cousin. .had
demitted the Principalship of the University. 1876 Grant
Burgh Sch. Scotl, 361 An Office which ie demitted in
1606.
b. adsol. To give up office; to nba
1719 Woprow Corr. (1843) II. 451 Greatly tempted to
demit. 1818 Scott Kod Roy ix, Ll advise him to get another
clerk, that’s all, for I shall certainly demit. CARLYLE
Fredk. Gt. V1. xvi. ix. 238 La Mettrie had to demit; to get
out of France rather ina hurry. 1880 Daily Tel. 30 Nov.,
But the Ritualists will neither submit nor demit.
4. To convey by lease, demise. Ods.
1774 Petit. in A. McKay Hist. Kilmarnock App. iii.
ta bolerm let and demitted. i
+ 5. To send out. Ods.
[Perhaps belongs to Demnrrt v1, from De. I. 2.)
1672 Sik T. Browne Pseud, Ep, 111. xvi. (ed. 6 161), This. .
is rather generated in the head, and perhaps demitted and
sent from thence by salival conducts and passages. 1756
P. Browne Yamaica 191 The rib .. tapers from the base to
the top .. demitting its connected ribs or foliage equally on
both sides.
De'mi-tint. Painting. ? Obs. [Demi- 11.]
A half tint; a tint intermediate between the ex-
treme lights and strong shades of a painting ;
applied also to broken tints or tertiary colour-
shades.
x $3 Cra "s-Inn Frnl. No. 59 The Touch, which so skil-
fully nlends different Colours. .is called by the Painters the
Demi-tint. 1798 7raus. Soc. Encourag. Arts XVI. 287
Those demi-tints which conduce so much to the brilliancy
of a picture. ¢181rx Fuseu Lect. Art v. (1848) 467 He
does not sufficiently connect with breadth of demi-tint the
two extremes of his masses. 1824 Blackw, Mag. XV. 146
They have none of the demi-tints to study.
Hence De‘mi-tinted a.
1828 /.xaminer 357/1 Cream-coloured and demi-tinted city
and mid-distance.
Demi-toilet : see Demt- 12.
Demi-tone. ? 0és. [Demi- 9, 11: cf. Fr. demi-
ton.) &. Painting, =Demt-tint. b. Music, =
SEMITONE. ea cmaai
1812 ao i
Roncbeter pee scape ty hone po: it the ‘niddle of the
canvass. 1828 in WeesTer.
_ + Demitune. 0/s. =Dem-rone b.
1598 Fiorio Semitono, a demitune, or halfe note in
musicke.
Demiurge (de'mid:dz, dimi-). [mod. ad. Gr.
Snpuoupy-ds (Latinized démitirgus), lit. public or
illo! wollen, f, 8j~u0s of the people, public +
~Epyos, Pee 4 worker: cf. F. demiurge. The
Gr, and Lat. forms demiurgos, -urgus (dimi-,
demi,d 1g#s), were in earlier use, (So in 16th, F,
demiourgon, Rabelais.)
1. A name for the Maker or Creator of the world,
in the Platonic philosophy; in certain later systems,
as the Gnostic, conceived as a being subordinate
to the Supreme Being, and sometimes as the author
of evil,
1678 Cupwortu /nted?. Syst, 259 Zeus ..in Plato .. some-
times .. is taken for the Demiurgus or Opificer of the World,
asin Cratylus. 1793 T. Tavtor Plato, Introd. to Timaus
402 By the demiurgus and father of the world we must
understand Jupiter. 1840 Browninc Sordellov. 400 4 Better,’
say re ‘merge At once all workmen iri demiurge.’ 1867
. H, Srirwine tr. Schwegler’s Hist. Philos, (ed, 8) 83
model of the eternal has
perfection
Plato) Demiurgus,
i . 1873 Wurrney Orient.
fashioned it [the world]
gus-ships, Priesthoods, aristocracies,
Demi (demi,d-1dzik, dz-),@. [ad. Gr.
Snproupy-os, f. Snysoupyés : see -1c.] Of or per-
taining to the Demiurge or his work ; creative.
1678 Cupwortu /ntell. Syst. Amelius .. supposeth
these three- Minds and Dentegit Punagin of his to be
both the same with Plato's ‘ Three Kings’ and with
his ‘Trinity’. 1793 T. Taytor Plato, Introd. to Timwxus
370 He places over the universe a demiurgic intellect and
an intelligible cause. 1819 G. S. Faser mage ph ae 1
63 Adam will have been created in the course of sixth
demiurgicday. 1869 Farrar Fam, Speech i. (1873) 11 That
the creation was the result of a fiat articu' y spoken by
the demiurgic voice. 1879 J. J. Younc Ceram. Art 86 The
scarabaus was the emblem of the demiurgic god Phtha.
+ Demiu‘rgical, 2. Ods. = prec.
1601 Br, W. Bartow Defence g2 The demiurgical or in-
strumentall meanes, the word of God read or 4
H. More Conject. Cabbal. (1713) 172 These. two Principles
«. the one Active or iurgical, the other Passive or
Material. 1678 Cupwortu /xedl. Syst. 306 It is one and
the same demiurgical Jupiter that is praised both by Orpheus
and Plato, 1792 T. Taytor tr. Comment. Proclus I. 58
Demiurgical medicine.
Hence Demiu'r adv.
1816 G. S. Fawer Orig. Pagan Idol. 111. 67 He demiurgi-
cally renews the whole apy of nature. 1851— Many
Mansions (1862) 102 God acted demiurgically t! the
intervention of a Material Body.
Demiurgos, -us: sce DemiurcE.
Demi-vambrace: see DEMI- 3.
Demi-vill. Constit. Hist. rare. [AF. demie
vile half town or vill.] A half-vill or ‘town’;
the half of a vill (when this was divided between
two lords) as a political unit.
‘The Anglo-French word occurs frequently in the Statute
cited, but in the Record ed. is translated 4a
cr200 Stat. Exeter (2 14 Edw. 1) Stat. 1. 210 Les nuns de
totes les viles, demie viles, e hamelez, ke sunt en son Wap’,
Hundred e Franchise [¢vans/. The names of all the Towns,
Half-towns, and Hamlets, within his Wapentake, etc.]. 1765
Biackstone Comm. 1. Introd. iv. 111 The statute of
which makes frequent mention of entire vills, demi-vills, and
mlets.
Demi-vol: see Demi- 1.
Demi-volte (demi,vdult). Aandge. (sat 6.]
One of the seven artificial motions of a horse :
a half-turn made with the fore legs a ce
ax Lp. Hersert Life (1886) 74 Having a t
was poh in performing the Semivolte. Scorr
Marm., iy. xxx, And making demi-volte in air,
Anpverson Mod. Horsemanship uy, xii, 121
be made to traverse in lines demi-voltes to the left.
+ De‘mi-vow:el. Os. rare. A semi-vowel.
3611 FLonio, Seminocale, a ie vowell.
Demi-wolf: see Demi- 11.
De-mi-wo:rld. xonce-wd. = DEMiI-MonpE,
1862 Times 3 Sept. 5/5 The bye-world .. which the French
call the demi-monde .. demi-world or bye-world is an
alluring theme.
Demi- : see DEMI-OSTADE.
+Demi‘xture. Ods. [f. De- I 5 + Mix-
TURE] Mixture of things which are themselves
fo by mixture ; cf. Decomposition I, Decom-
POUND,
a) nt Solid Philos, The Intermediate
Gitex cose by the Mixuwe aed Dembeture of those
Demme, obs. form of Dim v.
Dem-me, demmy, demn: see Dem v.”
Demmyt, obs. f. dammed: see ee 239
Demobilize (diméwbilsiz), v. E- 1.
trans. To reduce from a mobilized condition ; to
disband (forces) so as to make them not liable to
gee see iaie ay a
demotil son ch che bvcelliaanen, 1885 Manch. Exam,
26 Aug. 5/4 An order .. for the demobilisation of the.
ting A Reserve. © ;
DEMOCRACY.
Democracy (d/mgkrasi). Forms: 6-7 de-
mocracie, 6-7 (9) -cratie, 7 (9) -craty, 7--cracy.
[a. F. démocratze (-st), (Oresme 14th c.), a. med.
L. démocratia (in 13th c. L. transl. of Aristotle,
attrib, to William of Moerbeke), a. Gr. 5npoxpatia
popular government, f. 5740s the commons, the
people + -«paria in comb. = xpdros rule, sway,
authority. The latinized form is frequent in early
writers, and democratie, -craly, in 16-17th c.]
1, Government by the people; that form of go-
vernment in which the sovereign power resides in
the people as a whole, and is exercised either
directly by them (as in the small republics of anti-
quity) or by officers elected by them. In mod. use
often more vaguely denoting a social state in which
all have equal rights, without hereditary or arbitrary
differences of rank or privilege.
{153% Exyot Gov. 1.ii, An other publique weale was amonge
the Atheniensis, where equalitie was of astate amonge the
people... This maner of gouernaunce was called in greke
Democratia, in \atine, Popularis potentia, in englisshe the
rule of the comminaltie.] 1576 Freminc Panofl. E fist. 198
Democracie, when the multitude have governement. 1586
T. B. La Primaua. Fr. Acad. 549 Democratie, where free
and poore men being the greater number, are lords of the
estate. 1628 Witner Brit. Rememd. 267 Were | in Switzer-
land I would maintaine Democrity. 1664 H. More AZyst.
Inig. 514 Presbytery verges nearer toward Populacy or De-
mocracy. 1821 Byron Diary May (Ravenna), What is ..
democracy ?—an aristocracy of blackguards. 1836 Gen. P.
Tuomeson E-verc. (1842) 1V. 191 Democracy means the
community’s governing through its representatives for its
own benefit. 1890 Pall Mall G. 25 Nov. 3/1 ‘ Progress of all
through all, under the leading of the best and wisest’, was
his [Mazzini’s] definition of democracy.
b. A state or community in which the govern-
ment is vested in the people as a whole.
1574 Wuitairt Def Aunsw, iii, Wks. (1851) I. 390 In re-
spect that the people are not secluded, but have their interest
in church-matters, it is a democraty, or a popular estate.
1607 Toprse.t Four-f Beasts (1658) 97 Democraties do not
nourish game and pleasures like unto Monarchies. 1614
Br, Haut Recoll, Treat. 732 Nothing .. can bee more dis-
orderlie, then the confusion of your Democracie, or popular
state. 167 Mitton P. R, 1v. 269 Those ancient whose re-
sistless eloquence Wielded at will that fierce democraty.
x794 S. Wittiams Vermont 342 In the ancient democracies
the public business was transacted in the assemblies of the
people. 1804 Syp. Situ Aor. Philos. xvi. (1850) 237 In the
fierce and eventful democraties of Greece and Rome. 1881
Jowetr Thucyd. 1. 117 We are called a democracy, for
the adniinistration is in the hands of the many and not of
the few.
ec. fig. ie .
1607 WALKINGTON Oft. Glass 82 Tyrannizing as it were
over the Democratie of base and vulgar actions. a 1652
J. Smiru Sed. Disc. 1x. xi. (1821) 410 In wicked men there is
a democracy of wild lusts and passions. 1885 J. MARTINEAU
Types Eth. Th. 1. 27 All these eiéy .. are not left side by
side as a democracy of real being.
2. That class of the people which has no here-
ditary or special rank or privilege; the common
people (in reference to their political power).
1827 Hattam Const. Hist, (1876) II. xii. 453 The power of
the democracy in that age resided chiefly in the corporations.
oa84x Gen. P. Toompson Exerc. (1842) VI. 151 The portion
of the people whose injury is the most manifest, have got or
taken the title of the ‘democracy’. For nobody that has
taken care of himself, is ever, in these days, of the demo-
cracy..The political life of the English democracy, may be
said to date from the 21st of January 1841, 1868 Mittin
Eng. & Ireland Feb., When the democracy of one country
will join hands with the democracy of another.
3. Democratism. are.
1856 Miss Mutock ¥. Halifax 244 It seems that demo-
cracy is rife in your neighbourhood, —
4. U.S. politics. a. The principles of the Demo-
cratic party; b. The members of the Democratic
party collectively.
1825 H. Cray Priv. Corr. 112, I am [alleged to be] a de-
serter from democracy, 1848 V. Y. Herald 13 June (Bart-
lett), The election of 1840..was carried by. .false charges
against the American democracy. 1868 in G, Rose Gt.
Country 354 That resolution adopted by the Maine Demo-
ci in State Convention at Augusta. 1891 Lowed/’s Poems,
Bigiow P., Note 301 One of the leaders of the Northern
Democracy during the war, and the presidential nominee
inst Lincoln in 1864,
mocrasian, var. of DEMOCRATIAN Ods,
Democrat (de‘mokret). Also 8 -crate. [a.
F. démocrate (1790 in Hatzf.), formed from démo-
cratie Democracy, on the model of aristocrate.]
1. An adherent or advocate of democracy ; orig.
one of the republicans of the French Revolution of
1790 (opposed to aristocrat).
1790 Hist. Europe in Ann. Reg. 119/2 The democrates
had already stripped the nobility of all power. 1791 Gispon
Misc. Works (x814) 1. 340 Even our democrats are more
re: bl more di a1794 — Autobiog. Wks. 1796
I, 181 The cl. of the triump democrates, 1840
Cartyte Heroes vi, Napoleon, in his first period, was a true
Democrat, 1851 Hers Comp. Solit. ii. (1874) 15 Too affec-
tionate a regard for the people to be a democrat.
2. U.S. politics. A member of the Democratic
party : see DEMOCRATIC 2. 2
1798 WasuincTon Le?, Writ. 1893 XIV. 105 You could as
soon scrub the blackamore white as change the principle of
aprofest Democrat. 1809 Kenpaut 7av, III, Ix. 5 Ademo-
crat is an anti-federalist. x! ALS Cray Priv. Corr. 544
He must say whether he is
hig or Democrat,. 1888 -
183
Bryce Amer. Comm. I. m. liii. 333 One of these two
parties carried on, under the name of Democrats, the dogmas
and traditions of the Jeffersonian Republicans.
3. U.S. A light four-wheeled cart with several
seats one behind the other, and usually drawn by
two horses. ‘ Originally called democratic wagon
(Western and Middle U.S.)’. Cent. Dict.
1890 S. J. Duncan Soc. Departure 26 'Vhe vehicle was, in the
language of the country, a ‘democrat’, a high four-wheeled
cart, painted and varnished, with double seats, one behind
the other. 1894 Axctioneer’s Catal. (New York), Demo-
crat Wagon in good order,
4. attrib. =Democratic. rare.
1817 Cotertnce Biog. Lit. I. x. 186 He .. talked of pur-
pose in a democrat way in order to draw me out. 1890
Spectator 15 Nov. 676 Whether a little farmer..is going to
rule the Democrat Party in America,
+ Democra‘tian, a. and sé. Obs, Also 7 -sian,
[f. med.1.. democratia DEMOCRACY + -AN.]
’
A. adj, = Democratic,
1574 J. towed Nat. Beginning Grow. Things 33 The Demo-
cratian commen wealth .. is the gouernment of the people;
where all their counsell and aduise is had together in one.
1803 Sussex Chron. in Spirit Public Fruls, (1804) VIL. 248
Under the Democratian flag.
B. sé. = Democrat.
1658 R. Franck North, Mem. (1821) 36 When Democra-
sians dagger the Crown.
Bemocratic (demokretik), @. (sé) [a I.
démocratique, ad. med.L. aémocratic-us, a, Gr.
Snuoxpatix-ds, f. Sypoxparia DEMOCRACY: see
-Ic.]
1. Of the nature of, or characterized by, demo-
cracy; advocating or upholding democracy.
1602 Warner Ald, Eng. x. \vii. (1612) 250 Aristocratick
gouernment nor Democratick pleas'd. 1790 Mannin Lett, Lit.
Men (Camden) 433 All is ina flame between the Aristocratic
and Democratic parties [in France]. 1837 Hr. Martineau
Soc. Amer. III, 255 The most democratic of nations is
religious at heart. 1874 GREEN Short //ist. viii. § 5. 508
No Church constitution has proved in practice so demo-
cratic as that of Scotland.
2. U.S. politics. (With capital D.) Name of the
political party originally called Anét?-/ederal and
afterwards Democratic-Republican, which favours
strict interpretation of the Constitution with regard
to the powers of the gencral government and of
individual States, and the least possible interference
with local and individual liberty ; in opposition to
the party now (since 1854) called Republican
(formerly called Federals and IVhigs). b. Pertain-
ing to the Democratic party, as ‘a Democratic
measure’,
¢1800 T. Twintnc 7rav. America in 1796 (1894) 51 One
of the principal members of the opposition, or of the anti-
federal or democratic party. 1812 in Niles’ Register 96
Harford, Baltimore, Washington and Queen-Anns have re-
turned 4 Democratic members. . Federal majority [in Mary-
land House] 32. 1839 W. L. Garrison in L7/e II, 312 Both
the Whigand Democratic parties have consulted the wishes
of abolitionists. 1860 Barttett Dict. Amer.507 What was
Whig doctrine in 1830 may be Democratic doctrine in 1850.
Ibid. 508 The three Democratic presidents, Jackson, Van
Buren, and Polk. 1888 Bryce Amer. Comm. IL. ut. liii.
340 The autonomy of communities .. has been the watch-
word of the Democratic party.
+B. 5d. =Democrat 1. Ods,
1658-9 Burton's Diary (1828) 1V. 232 The democratics of
our age went upon another principle. 1681 G, Vernon Pref,
to Heylin's De Fure Paritatis Episc., This argument is
known too well by our Anti-Episcopal Democraticks.
Democratical (demokretikal), a. (sd.) [f.
as prec. +-AL.] = DEMOCRATIC 1.
1589 Hay any Work 26 It is Monarchicall, in regarde of
our head Christ, Aristocraticall in the Eldership, and
Democraticall in the people. 1608 D. T. Hss. Pol. & Mor.
4b, Ostracismes practiced in those Democraticall and
Popular states of elder times. 1686 in Somers 7'racts I. 111
The Democratical Man, that is never quiet under any
Government. 1791 BosweLt Yohnson 21 Mar. an. 1775
L abhor his Whiggish democratical notions and propensities,
1849 Grote Greece 11. Ixiv. (1862) V. 50r The levy was in fact
as democratical and as equalising as..on that memorable
occasion,
+ B. sb. =DeEmocrat 1. Obs.
165r Hospes Leviath, 1. xxii. 122 Aristocraticalls and
Democraticalls of old time in Greece. 1679 -— Behemoth 1.
Wks. VI. 199 The thing which those democraticals chiefly
then aimed at, was to force the King to call a parliament.
1714 E. Lewis Letter to Swift 6 July, He is in with the
democraticals.
seer ony (demokreetikali), adv. [f.
prec. +-LY2.] Inademocratic manner; according
to the principles of democracy.
1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 647 They were not sum-
moned aristocratically.. but invited democratically and after
a popular manner to Supper. 1791 R. Burke in B.'s Corr.
(1844) III. 300 He is supposed to be very democratically in-
clined. 1839 Fraser's Mag. XIX. 149 He talked demo-
cratically with Lord Stanhope, conservatively with Mr, Pitt.
1888 Bryce Amer. Commw. 1. 36 Persons so democratically-
minded as Madison and Edmund Randolph.
Democratifiable, a. nonce-wd. [f. *democra-
tify (f. DEMOCRAT + -FY) + -ABLE.] Capable of
being converted into a democrat. ;
1812 SHetiey Let. in Dowden Lif I. 245, [have met with
no determined Republicans, but I have found some who are
- democratifiable.
DEMOGORGON.
Democratism (dimg:kret,i:z’m). [f. Demo-
CRAT + -I18M.] Democracy as a principle or system.
1793 Burke Policy, of Allies Wks. VII. 138 Between the
rabble of systems, Fayetteism, Condorcetism, Monarchism,
or Democratism or Federalism, on the one side, and the
fundamental laws of France on the other. 1834 7 a/t's
Mag. 1. 655 The red cap of democratism.
+Demorcratist. Cts. [f. as prec. + -187.]
A partisan of democracy; =DEmocratT 1,
1790 Burke /'r. Rev. 83 You will smile here at the con-
sistency of those democratists. 1791 ///st. in Ann. Reg. 213
3y the arts of the democratists they were plunged into
a civil war of the most horrid kind. ‘
Democratization (d/mp:krataizzi-fon). — [f.
next +-ATION.] The action of rendering, or pro-
cess of becoming, democratic.
1865 Pall Mall (7. 24 Apr. 10 The art has not improved
under this democratization, 1888 Bryce Amer. Commu.
II. 11. xxxviii. 53 It is a period of the democratization of all
institutions, a democratization due .. to the influence. .of
French republican ideas. ; '
Democratize (dimp‘kritaiz), v. [a. F. démo-
cratiser, f. démocrate, -cratte: sce -12E.]
1. trans. To render democratic; to give a Ce-
mocratic character to.
1798 W. Tayior in Monthly Rev. XXVIII. 583 Not to
democratize any one of the great continental powers. 1831
Blackw, Mag. XXX. 398 The tendency of the measure was
todemocratize. .theconstitution, 1888 Bryce Amer. Comm,
II. 1. xl. 85 The State Government, which is nothing but
the colonial government developed and somewhat democra-
tized.
2. intr. To become democratic. (vare.)
(1840 7ait’s Mag. VII. 506 ‘The fact that we are democra-
tising must be evident.
Hence Demo-cratized ///. a.; Democratizing
vol, sh, and ppl. a.; Demorcratizer, one who de-
mocratizes,
1859 Sat. Rev. 326/2 The democratizing of the House of
Commons, 1882 Paid A/all G. 6 Oct. 3 A new and democra-
tized Reform Club. 1888 Bryce Amer. Comma. 11.1. xiii.
113 The democratizing constitution of 1846. 1893 Nation
21 Sept. 207/3 Nothing more democratic and democratizing
.. has ever emanated even from the ‘Vories in the days of
their greatest distress, :
Democraty, early variant of Demccracy.
Democritean (d/mg:krit7an), a [f. L. Dé-
mocrité-us (or -ius, Gr. Anpoxpite-os) of or per-
taining to Democritus +-AN.] Of, pertaining to, or
after the style of Democritus, a Greek philosopher
of the 5th century B.c. (known as ‘the laughing
philosopher’), or of his atomistic or other theories.
So + Demo‘crital a., Democri'tic a. [L. Déno-
critic-us|, ~Democritish a., in same sense;
+ Democri ‘tical a., after the style or theories of De-
mocritus; J. stories ( fabule Democritice, incredi-
ble stories of Natural History; +Demo‘critism,
the practice of Democritus in laughing at every-
thing.
a1617 Payneé Diocesans Tryall (1621) 80 As all but
Morelius and such Democritall spirits doe affirme. 1650
3ULWER Anthropomet, Ep. Ded., To summon Democritical
Atomes to conglobate into an intellectual Form, 1656
3LouNT Glossogr., Democritick, mocking, jeering, laughing
at every thing. 1668 H. More Div. Dial. 1. xxvi. (1713) 53
The Existence of the ancient Democritish Vacuum. 1672
Sir T. Browne Left, Friend xxiv. (1881) 143 His sober con-
tempt of the world wrought no Democritism or Cynicism,
no laughing or snarling at it. 1678 Cupwortu /vtedl. Syst.
Pref., ‘he Democritick Fate, is nothing but The Material
Necessity of all things without aGod. 1725 Baitey Eras.
Collog. (1877) 394 (D.) Not to mention democritical stories,
do we not find. .that there is a mighty disagreement between
an oak and an olive-tree? 1845 Maurice Jor. & Met. Philos.
in Excycl. Metrop. 11. 627/1 Vhe Democritic concourse of
atoms. 1855 Mirman Lat, Chr. (1864) IX. x1Vv, iii. 137 The
Democritean notions of actual images which. .pass from the
- object to the sense, 1888 J. Martineau Study Relig. Iu.
i. 214 A physiologist so Democritean as Hacckel.
Demo-ded, ///. a. [f. F. démodé, pa. pple. of
démoder to put out of fashion (f. De- 1. 6 + mode
fashion) +-ED,] That has gone out of fashion.
1887 Temple Bar Mag. Mar. 436 Despite its demoded
raging Romanticism, 1891 Sa‘, Rev. 17 Oct. 457/2 Any-
thing so demoded as bustifying.
ll Demodex (dizmodeks). Zool. [mod.L.; f.
Gr. dnyuds fat + 57€ wood-worm.] <A genus of
parasitic mites, of which one species, D. follicu-
lorum, infests the hair follicles and sebaceous _ .
follicles of man and domestic animals.
1876 Beneden's Anim. Parasites 134 The dog harbours
a demodex which causes it to lose its hair, 1876 Dunrinc
Dis. Skin 585.
Demoere, obs. form of DEMuUR. -
Demogorgon (d?:mog/‘1gon). Myth. [late L.
Démogorgin, having the form of a derivative of
Gr. djpos people + yopyés grim, terrible, whence
yopy# Gorgon ; but of uncertain origin: see below.]
Name of a mysterious and terrible infernal deity.
First mentioned (so far as known) by the Scholiast (Lac-
tantius or Lutatius Placidus, ? ¢ 450) on Statius 7d. 1v. 516,
as the name of the great nether deity invoked in magic rites.
Mentioned also by a scholiast on Lucan Pharsalia vi. 742.
Described in the Refertorium of Conrad de Mure (1273) as
the primordial God of ancient mythology; so in the Genea-
logia Deorum of Boccaccio. The latter appears to be the
source of the word in modern literature (Ariosto, Spenser,
Milton, Shelley, etc.)
DEMOGRAPHER. :
[By some supposed to be a corruption of és Demi-
urgus; but this is very doubtful. medizval writers con-
nect it with a: (‘D ), and lain it as i
either demonibus terror (terror to demons), or terribilis
demon terrible demon). From its connexion with magic,
it may be a disguised form of some Oriental name.)
1590 Spenser /, Q. 1. v. 22 Othou [Night] most auncient
Grandmother of all.. Which wast begot in Damogorgon's
hall. 1667 Mitton P. ZL. u. 965 And ome stood Orcus
and Ades, and the dreaded name Of Demogorgon. 1681
184
altar of Hercules, much demolished. Ibid. 1.
\ Cap aha aopecmnne tema ben DS pp
siege.
+c. intr. with passive sense. Ods. rare.
Biwte (Douay) Foe/ ii. 8 Through the windowes t
erhal and Ae Doe [Vulg. e¢ nom prtn Sor hed
P Archaic const. : demolishing=a-demolishing, in demoli-
tion=being demolished: cf. building in Buitn v. 7.
1686 Lond. Gaz. No. 2118/2 The House Gulicke lived in
Drvypen Sf. Friar v. 11 He's the first begotten of Beel
with a face as terrible as Demogorgon. 1705 PursHaLt
Mech. Macrocosm %5 The Saline, and Sulphurious Vapours,
I take to be the True a of the Phil hers, or
Grandfather of all the Heathen Gods, i.e. Mettals. 1821
Suetitey Prometh. Unb. 1. 207 All the powers of nameless
worlds... And Demogorgon, a tremendous gloom. 1850
Keicutiey Fairy Mythol. 452 oe to Ariosto, Demo-
gorgon has a splendid temple palace in the Himalaya moun-
tains, whither every fifth year the Fates are all summoned
to appear before him, and give an account of their actions.
Demographer (‘imp‘grafo1). [f. Deno-
GRAPHY: see -GRAPHER.] One versed in demo-
graphy. ee
1881 P. Gegpes in Nature No. 622. 524 The economic
labours of the geographer. -and the demographer,
Demographic (demogrefik), a. [f. next:
see -GRAPHIC.] Of or pertaining to demography.
1882 Lond. Med. Record No. 86. 311 This proportion. .has
no demographic interest. 1891 Scott. Leader 11 Aug. 4 In
the demographic section there are to be investigated some
social problems of more than usual intricacy.
Demography (dimp'grafi). [mod. f. Gr. 5jp0s
people + -ypagua writing, description (see -GRAPHY) :
cf. F. démographie, Journal des Economistes, April
1878.] That branch of anthropology which deals
with the life-conditions of communities of people,
as shown by statistics of births, deaths, diseases, etc.
1880 Libr. Univ. Knowl. V. 560 ‘Two sections of general
anthropology, viz. : 1, anthropology proper. .2, demography,
which. .treats of the statistics of health and disease. 1882
Atheneum 16 Gem 374/r The fourth International Congress
for Hygiene and Demography was held last week at Geneva.
Demoid (di'moid), a. [ad. Gr. dnuoadys vulgar,
f. jos the commons, the people: see -o1D.) Used
of a type of animal or plant which by its common-
ness or abundance characterizes a geographical
region or a period of time; especially of the
characteristic fossil type of a geological formation.
1884 H. G. Seecey Philip's Man. of Geol. 1. 437 The
abundant demoid types, which are termed characteristic
fossils, for their abundance is such that strata are easily
recognised by them, Every formation has its demoid types 5
which in the Primary rocks are generally brachiopods.
1885 W. H. Hupteston in Geol. Mag. 128 The relations of |
a thoroughly demoid type are pretty wide.
|| Demoise‘lle. [mod.F. (damwazgl), from
earlier damoiselle : see DAMSEL.]
1. A young lady, a maid, a girl.
Occurs in 16th c, for earlier damoiselle, damisell (see
DamseEL); in modern writers, in reference to France or
other foreign country.
Caxton's Chron. Eng. 1. 8b/1 A gentyl denoysell
I
{ed. 1480 damisell] that was wonder fayre. 1762 STERNE
Lett. Wks. (1839) 750/2 (Stanf.), A month’s play with a |
French Demoiselle. 1824 Byron ¥uan xv. xlii, A dashing
demoiselle of good estate. 188% Hunter & Wuyte Ay
Ducats iii. (1885) 38 One student, skating along with his
demoiselle, has cannoned against another,
2. Zool. a. The Numidian Crane (Anthropoides
virgo); so called from its elegance of form,
1687 Phil. Trans. XVI. 374 Six Demoiselles of Numidia,
a Kind of Crane. 1766 /éid. LVI, 210 The next I shall
mention is the Grus Numidica, Numidian crane, or De-
moiselle. 1862 Chambers’ Encycl. 484 The Numidian
demoiselle is remarkable..for elegance and symmetry of
form, and grace of deportment.
b. A dragon-fly.
[1816 Kirsy & Sp. Entomol, (1818) 1. 276 The name given
to them in England, ‘ Dragon flies’, seems much more ap-
plicable than ‘ Bemciselles by which the French distinguish
them.] 1844 Gosse in Zoologist 11. 709 Thus I contracted
an acquaintance with these demoised/es,
Demolater (dimg'lata1). nonce-wd. [f. djpo-s
people + -LATER: cf. idolater.] A worshipper of
the common people. So Demoma‘niac, one madly
attached to the common people.
1886 Sat. Rev. 22 May wae? riendly portrait of a demo-
cracy by democrats, by demagog by jacs even,
and demolaters.
Demolish (démplif), v [a. F. démoliss-,
lengthened stem of démolir (1383 in Littré), ad,
L. démolivi to throw down, demolish, destroy, f.
De- I. 6 + moliri to build, construct, erect, f. mdles
mass, massive structure. ]
1. trans, To destroy (a building or other struc-
py by violent disintegration of its fabric; to pull
or throw down, pull to pieces, reduce to ruin.
1570-6 LaMBARDE Peramb. Kent (1826) 285 The Chapell of
Hakington. . was quite and cleane demolished. 1606 WARNER
Alb, Eng, xw, \xxxv. (1612) 353 Both twaine made hauock
of their foes, demolishing their Ports. 1641 J. Jackson True
Evang, T, 11. 181 Christ did..demolish and breake downe
that partition wall. a Grnnon Decl. § F. I. xvi. 422 They
completely demolished the remainder of the edifice, 1825
Macautay Milton Ess. 1854 1. su. The men who de-
lished the i in drals have not always been
able to demolish those which were enshrined in their minds,
+b. To break down or ruin partially. Ods.
is demolishing. 1706 /did. No. 4199/3 The Castle of Nice
is demolishi
2. fig. To destroy, make an end of.
1620 Venner Via Recta viii. 193 They lesse resist extrinse-
call and intrinsecall causes that damotah their health. 1651
Baxter /nf, Baft. 201 Demolishing the Church by division
and contempt. 1735 BerkeLey Def Free-think. Math. § 32
It is directly demolishing the very doctrine you would
defend. 1878 Stewart & Tarr Unseen Univ. vil. § 214. 211
To demolish any so-called scientific objection that might be
raised. 1882 A thenwum 23 Dec. 844 The author demolishes
most of those fanciful etymologies.
b. humorously. To consume, finish up?
[1639 Massincer Unnat. Combat m1. i, As tall a trencher-
man.. As e’er demolished | {dash sigan 1756 Footr
Eng. fr. Paris. Wks. 1799 1. 106 They proceed to demolish
the substantials. 1879 Beernoum Patagonéa iii. 41 It is
on record that he demolished ghe whole side of a young
guanacho at one sitting.
Hence Demo'lished ///. a.
1623 Donne Encania 34 That demolished Temple. 1742
Younc N+. Th. vii. 833 Beneath the lumber of demolish d
worlds. 1840 THirLwatt Greece VII. 347 On the site of the
demolished theatre.
Demorlishable, ¢. [f. prec.+-aBLE.] That
can be demolished.
1856 Ruskin Mod. Paint. III. 1. x. § 10 Only a glass
house, frail, hollow, contemptible, demolishable.
Demolisher (démg'lifo1)._ [f. as prec. +-ER!:
cf. F. démolisseur (1547 in Hatzf.).] One who
demolishes.
1615 Crooxe Body of Man 247 Melancholy that enemy
of the light and demolisher of the principles of life it selfe.
1732 Berkecey Alciphr. v. § 25 Whatever merit this writer
may have as a demolisher, I always thought he had very
little as a builder. 1798 W. Taytor in Monthly Mag. V. 354
The demolishers of the Bastille. 1827 Scorr Nafoleon
Introd., Collot d'Herbois, the demolisher of Lyons.
Demolishing (dimplifin), v4/. sd. [-1NG 1]
The action of the verb DEMOLISH: demolition.
1632 Litucow Trav. v1. 260, I saw many ruinous lumpes
of the Wals, and demolishings of the old Towne. 1684
Bunyan Piler. 1. 159, I will therefore attempt .. the de-
molishing of Doubting Castle. 1691 T. H[ace] Acc. New
Jnvent. p. \xxxi, The immediate demolishing of Nusances.
ltid. p. fexsii, The demolishing some particular New En-
croachments.
Demo'lishing, ///. a. [-1Nc*.] That de-
molishes.
1726 AMuerst Terre Fil. 253 The same unrelenting, de-
molishing spirit reigns in all monkish societies.
Demo'lishment. Now rare. [f. Demoisu
wv. + -MeNT: cf. F, démolissement (1373 desm- in
Godef.).] The act of demolishing ; the state or
fact of being demolished.
1602 Fuurcke and Pt. Parall. 51 Waste may bee com-
mitted in the decay or demolishment of an house. ¥
Ecuarn Eccé. Hist. (1710) 465 The .. demolishment of fift
of their strongest cities. 1884 Bookseller 6 Nov. bate ¥ 4
‘The author has succeeded in the complete demolishment of
Messrs. Darwin, Huxley and Co. F
+b. pl. Demolished parts or remains, ruins. Ods.
1627-77 Feiruam Resolves. c. 155 1fnoman should repair
the breaches, how soon would ali lye flatted in demolish-
ments? Crarenvon Contempl. Psalms Tracts (1727)
372 To repair those breaches and demolishments.
Demolition (demfli-fon, di-). [a. F. démolition
Y 4th c. in Littré), ad, L. démdlition-em, n. of action
rom démoliri to ao)
1. The action of demolishing (buildings or other
*structures) ; the fact or state of being demolished.
1610 Heatey St. Ang. Citie of God 125 Before this demo-
lition the people of Alba were all transported unto Rome.
1780 Jounson Let. to Mrs. Thrale g June, The outrages
began by the demolition of the mass-house b Lincoln's Inn.
1852 Conypeare & H, St, Paul (1862) 1. v. seh ies demolition
was completed by an earthquake. y A
b. #/. The remains of a demolished building ;
demolished portions, ruins. Also fig.
1638 Baxer tr. Balsac’s Lett. (1654) TV. 56 Out of their
demolitions, Trophies might be erected. 1641 Evetyn Mem.
(1857) I. 20 Being taken four or five days before, we had
only a sight of the demoli ions [of the castle 1668 CLAREN-
pon Contemp. Psalms Tracts (1727) 734 All the breaches and
demolitions they had made in his Church,
2. fig. Destruction, overthrow.
1549 Compl. Scot. xx. 184 There querellis tendit to the de-
molitione of the antiant public veil. 1775 Gouv. Morris in
Sparks Life §& Writ. (1832) I. 49 Such controversies
quently end in the demolition of t rights and sts oy
which they were instituted to defend. 1 Mortey Vol-
taire (1886) 243 The demolition of that Infamous in belief
and in practice.
Demolitionary (demfli‘fonari), a, rare. [f.
prec. +-ARY.] Of or pertaining to demolition ;
ruining.
1865, W. G. Patcrave Arabia I. 454 Too solid for the de-
moliti process of hypercritical writers.
Demolitionist (demjli'fonist). [See -18r.]
One who aims at or advocates demolition. .
1837 Cartyte /r. Rev. ut. ut. v, Layee i marching
h 1s with some dozen of arrested litionists. 1852
1645 Evetyn Mem. (1857) I. 170 Behind this stands the
DEMON.
Fraser's Mag. XLVI. 28 The Ultra-democratic
yet = only Demolitionists). pest Get
: see DEMOLATER.
used by the LXX, N. Test., and Christian writers,
for ‘ evil spirit’, Cf. F. démon (in Oresme 14th c.
démones) ; also 13th c. demoygne=Pr. demont, It.,
sf demonio, repr. L. demonium, Gr. dapénov.]
Inancient Greek mythology (= Salyer): A super-
natural being of a nature intermediate between that
of gods and men; an inferior divinity, spirit, genius
(including the souls or ghosts of deceased
esp. deified heroes). Often written demon for dis-
tinction from sense 2.
1569 J. Sanrorp tr. Agri Van, Artes 2 Grammarians
2 pH expounde this aac ty that is a Spirite, as if it
were Sapiens, that is, Wise. 1587 Go.pinc De Mornay xix.
303 And vnto Cratylus again [Plato] saith, when the good
man departeth this world. .hee becommeth a Damon.
Mene Gt. Afost. iii. Wks. (1672) 11. 627 et seq. 1680 H.
More Afocal. Apoc. 252 Demons according to the Greek
idiom, signify either Angels, or the Souls of men, any Spirits
out of Terrestrial bodies, the Souls of Saints, and Spirits of
Angels. 1774 J. Bryant J/ythol. 1. 52 Subordinate daemons,
which they supposed to be ions and derivatives from
their chief Deity. 1846 Grote Greece 1.ii (1862) 1.58 In Homer,
there is scarcely any distinction between gods and daemons,
b. Sometimes, particularly, An attendant, minis-
tering, or indwelling spirit ; a genius.
(Chiefly in references to the so-called ‘damon of Socrates’.
Socrates himself claimed to be guided, not by a Saiuwy or
dziton, but by a bauonov, divinum quiddam (Cicero),
acertain divine principle or agency, an inward monitor or
oracle. It was his accusers who represented this as a per-
sonal demon, and the same was done by the Christian
Fathers (under the influence of sense 2), whence the English
use of the word, as in the quotations. See tr. Zedler’s
Socrates iv.73; Riddell, Apology of Plato Appendix A.)
1387 Tsevisa Higden M11. 279 We haveb i-lerned of
Socrates, pat was alway tendaunt to a spirit pat was saieget
demon. 1603 Hottanp Plutarch's Mor, 1222 The Ws.
that obeieth not nor hearkeneth to her owne familiar and
proper demon. 1606 SHaks. Ant. & Clu. iti. 1g O ——:
.- Thy Damon, that thy spirit which keepes thee, is Noble,
Couragious, high vnmatchable. 1 ome Agis 1, In-
spiration, The guardian god, the demon of the mind, Thus
often presses on the human breast. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat.
(1852) I. 222 If the moral sense does not check, if the demon
does not warn. 1865 Lecky Ration, (1878) 1. 378 mote, Minu-
cius Felix thought the damon of Socrates was a devil.
2. An evil spirit.
a. (Representing dapéniov of the LXX and N.T.
(rarely Saiyav); in Vulgate demonium, demon). °
Applied to the idols or gods of the heathen, and
to the ‘evil’ or ‘unclean spirits’ by which demoniacs
were possessed or actuated.
A Jewish application of the Greek word, anterior to Chris-
tianity, Aamova is used several times by LXX to
render DY shédim ‘lords, idols’, and DY Wye séeirim
‘hairy ones’ (satyrs or he-goats), the latter also rendered
paraa ‘vain things’. It is also uent in the ——_
(esp. in Tobit), and in the N..T., where in one instance (Matt.
viil. 31) daiuoves occurs in same sense. In the Vulgate
lly rendered di ium, pl. -ia, but once in O. T.
(Lev. xvii. 7), and Lo 10 places in N.T. (8 in St. Matthew)
retain devil, -s, in the text, with the literal translation de.
mon, -s, in the in. Quite distinct from this is the word
properly translat
the plural. It is owing to this substitution of devi in the
Bible versions, that demon is not found. 0 ea 1 this, as
in the sense b, which arose out of this tification.
1706 Scripture,
possessed Hurtcuinson
Hist, Mass. 11. i. 16 A you women -ongpiaed 80 Be pes.
sessed with demons. 1865 Moz.ey A/irac. 201 note,
stood to d and evil
relation in which these p
spirits, 188 N.T. (R.V.) ¥ohn x. 20 He hath adevil (mang
Cr. demon) and is sad why hear ye him? 1885 O. T.(R. 4)
Deut. xxxii. 17 They sacrificed unto demons, which were
no God.—Ps. evi. 37. ,
b. In general current use: An evil spirit; a
malignant being of superhuman nature; a devil.
[1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. 11. xix. (1495) 45 For Demon
is to vnderstonde knowynge And the deuyll hyghte soo for
e.] a1400 Cov. ALyst. (Shaks.
brenne, Mak
Eis mt re ie ec
medieval demons wee hors ee
c. A to a person or
sonified of malignant, cruel, terrible, or cakrelin
nature, or of hideous appearance. (Cf. devil.) Y ott
DEMONACHIZE.
1614 B. Jonson Barth. Fair in. v. Wks. (Rtldg.) 322/2
‘ A caveat against cut-purses !’.. I’ faith, I would fain see
that demon, your cut-purse you talk of. 1821 T’. G. WaINE-
wricut in £ss. § Crit, (1880) 127 The grim demon of a
bull-dog who interrupts the cat. 1822 Scorr Pirate xl, The
Boatswain used to be staunch enough, and so is Goffe,
though an incarnate demon, 1829 Carty.e A/isc. (1857) 11. 4
The Tartar Khan, with his shaggy demons of the wilderness.
d, fig. An evil passion or agency pervonitien.
1712 Appison Sfect. No. 387 ® 11 Melancholy is a kind of
Demon that haunts our Island. 1754Cuatnam Lett. Nephew
v. 39 Reware..of Anger, that damon, that destroyer of our
peace. 1809 Pinkney 7rav. France 86 ‘The demon of
anarchy has here raised a superb trophy on a monument of
ruins. Jed. Led astray by the demon of intemperance.
8. attrib. and Comb. a. appositive (=that is a
demon), as demon-companion, -god, -hag, -king,
-lover, -mole, -snake; spec. applied collog. to one
who seems more than human in the rapidity, cer-
tainty, destructiveness, etc. of his play or perform-
ance, as a demon bowler at cricket. b. simple
attrib. and attrib. comb. (of, belonging, or relating
to a demon or demons), as demon altar, -doctrine,
herd, -land, life, -trap, -ship, -worship; demon-
bird = DeviL-Birp; demon-kind (after mav-
kind), the nature of demons; the race of demons;
also @. demon-like adj.
1863 W. Puiitirs Speeches iv. 57 The “demon altar of our
land. 1840 J. Forwes 11 Years iu Ceylon (1841) 353, | first
heard the wild and wailing cry of the gaulawa, or *demon-
bird. 1883 Harfer's Mag. Nov. goo/t We do not want our
boys..*demon bowlers. 1814 Byron Corsair 1. iv, Some
Afrit sprite, Whose “demon death-blow left no hope for fight.
1677 Gave Crt, Gentiles 1. 177 Al those *demon-doctrines
--introduced by Antichrist and his Sectators. 1638 Mepre
Gt. Apost. vi. Wks. (1672) 11. 635 A worshipper of *Dzemon-
gods. 1814 Prophetess m. iv, Like the *demon-hags of
Tartarus. 1774 J. Bryanr MJythol. 1. 141 Among all the
*dzemon herd what one is there of a form .. so odious .. as
Priapus. 1890 E. H. Barker Wayfaring in Fr. 13 That
small *demon-insect, the mosquito. 1857 Tait's Mag.
XXIV. 378 The sentences, on all mankind and *demonkind.
1859 G.Witson Life E. Forbes i, 29 Grim or gentle visitants
from *Demonland or Fairyland. 18gr Mayne Reto Sca/f.
Hunt. xi, 82 They seem endowed with *demon life. 1822
E. Natuan Langreath III. 416 *Demon-like horrors. 1767
Cocerioce Axbla Khan 16 Woman wailing for her *demon-
lover. 18a Keats /sadel xlv, And let Ais spirit, like a
*demon-mole, Work through the clayey soil and gravel hard.
1677 GALE Crt. Gentiles 111. 56 The *Demon-theology..was
brought into the Christian Church first by the ‘Gnostics.
Lbid., By this their *demon-worship.
Demo: e (démgnakoiz), v. [f. Dz- II.
1+ L. monach-us monk + -128.] trans. To deprive
of monks.
1820 D. Turner Tour in Normandy 11. 24 So thoroughly
- had the Normans demonachised Neustria.
Demonargerie. xonce-wd. [f. Demon, after
menagerie.| An assemblage of demons.
1848 /ait's Mag. XV. 433 Slavery ..unless it had been
now and then checked, would have transformed the earth
ere now into a demonagerie,
+Demonagogue. Os. [i. as next + dywyds
drawing forth.] A means of expelling a demon.
1786 Ferriar in Mem. Lit. §& Philos. Soc. Manchester
(1790) III. 74 Dr. Thoner extols mercurius vite, as remark-
ably useful in expelling preternatural substances from the
body Almost every man had his favourite demonagogue.
+ Demonarch. Obs. [f. as next + Gr. dpxds
chief.] A ruler of demons; a chief demon.
1778 H. Farmer Lett, Worthington ii. (R.), The false sup-
position, that the Jews held only one prince of demons ; and
that demonarch was a term never applied by them to any
but to the Devil. ;
-+Demonarchy. Ods. [f. Gr. daipov, Sarpov-
(see Demon) + -apxia, dpx7 sovereignty, rule.] The
tule or dominion of a demon.
¢ 1643 Maximes Unfolded 8, Demonarchie, or the Domi-
nion of the Divell. 1677 GaLe Crt. Gentiles ut, 231 Al that
pretended Hierarchie or Demonarchie which the Emperor,
as supreme Head in al maters Civil and Ecclesiastical,
assumed.
Demoness (dz‘ménés). ;
A female demon ; a she-devil.
a Mepe A fost. Later Times (1641) 31 The Sichemites
ow a Godd or D; under the name of
Jephta’s daughter. 1856 Titan Mag. Aug. 190/2 That
smiling demoness, his mother. 1879 M. D. Conway De-
monol. I. u. iv. 117 A demoness who sometimes appears just
before the floods.
Demonetization (démpnttoizz'-fon). [f. next
+ -ATION, The action of demonetizing, or condi-
tion of being demonetized.
1852 T. Hankey (¢it/e), Faucher's Remarks ..on the
Production of the Precious Metals, and on the Demonetiza-
tion of Gold in several Countries in Europe. 1852 A.
Jounson Observ. Supplies of Gold 3 The demonetization of
the Dutch Gold coin was effected at that time. 1863 Fawcetr
Pol. Econ. 11. xv.(1876) 488 Partial demonetization of silver,
Demonetize (dtmp'nétaiz), v, [ad. mod.F. dé.
monetise-r (Dict. Acad. 1835), f. De- I. 6 + L.
monéta money: see -1ZK.] trans. To deprive of
standard monetary value; to withdraw from use as
money. Hence Demo:netized Af/.a., -izing vd/.sb.
1852 T. Hanxey tr. Faucher’s Product. Precious Metals
31 On August 6, 1849, the Government laid before the As-
sembly the scheme of a law to ‘demonitise’ the pieces of
five and ten florins. 1853 T. Witson Fottings on Money
83 Merchants not understanding the demonetising of gold
by ~ _ 1850, 1876 Fawcetr Pol, Econ. 11. xv.
OL, .
[f. Demon + -zss.]
185
487 Germany has, within the last few years, demonetised
silver, 1879 Daily News 21 May 3/1 To keep up the price
of the demonetised metal.
Demonette (dimone't). once-wil.
Demon: see -ETTE.] A little demon.
1854 Carouine Fox Mem. Old Friends (1882) 298 Baby
tortoises, most exquisite black demonettes, an inch and a
half long, with long tails.
Demoniac (d/médwni&k), a. and sd. Forms;
4-5 demoniak (-yak), 5-7 -acke, 5-8 -ack, 6-7
-ake, 7 -aque, (de-), 7-demoniac. [ad. late L.
demoniac-us ie Tertullian ¢ 200), a. Gr. type
*Saporiax-ds, f, Satpdviov : see DEMON. ]
A. aj. 1. Possessed by a demon or evil spirit.
€ 1386 Cuaucer Sompn. T. 532, 1 hold him certeinly de-
moniak, 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour C vij, The lady wente
oute of her wytte and was al demonyak a long tyme. 1542
Boorve Dyetary xxxvii. (1870) 298 Lunatycke, or frantycke,
or demonyacke. a@ 1612 DonNE Bradavaros (1644) 217 That
the Kings of Spaine should dispossess Damoniaque persons.
1647 H. More Song of Soul 1, u. xxix, Magick can onely
quell natures Damoniake. ¢ x81x Fusevt Lect. Art v. (1848)
471 The demoniac boy among the series of frescoes at Grotta
Ferrata. 1813 Examiner 15 Mar. 165/1 This... idea ..
operated upon the demoniag spirit of the wretch.
b. Pertaining to demoniacal possession.
1674 Mitton ?. LZ. (ed. 2) x1. 485 Demoniac phrenzy,
moping melancholy, And moon-struck madness. a 1814
Prophetess u. vii, As with demoniac energy possess'd !
2. Of or pertaining to demons.
1642 Mitton A fod. Smect. (1851) 275 This is the Demoniack
legion indeed. 1671 — P. RX. 1v. 628 He .. Shall chase thee
.. From thy demoniack holds, possession foul. 1669 Gate
Crt. Gentiles 1. u. vi. 71 The mourning of the Demoniac
Spirits, for the death of their great God Pan. 1882 Farrar
Early Chr. Il. 266, | agree with those who see in this
vision a purely demoniac host. 4
8. Characteristic of or befitting a demon; devilish.
1820 Hazuiit Lect. Dram. Lit. 179 Wrought up to a pitch
of demoniac scorn and phrensy. 1854 Mrs. GaskeELt North
§ S. xxii, It was as the dwmoniac desire of some terrible
wild beast for the food that is withheld from his ravening.
1862 ‘Tynpatt Mountaincer, i. 3 The spirit of life .. is ren-
dered demoniac or angelic. 4
4. Of the nature of a demon or in-dwelling spirit ;
= DEMonIc 2.
1844 Masson Ess., Three Devils (1856) 171 Goethe and
Niebuhr generalised in the phrase ‘the demoniac [ed. 1874
p. 288 demonic] element’ that mystic something which they
seemed to detect in all men of unusual potency among their
fellows. /éid., The demoniac element ina man .. may in
one case be the demoniac of the etherial and celestial, in
another the demoniac of the Tartarean and infernal. 1856
W.E. Forster in T. W. Reid £7 (1888) I. viii. 306 Denying
. .that demoniac element in man which is the very fire of God.
[dim. of
1. One possessed by a demon or evil spirit.
¢1386 Cuaucer Sompx. T. 584 He nas no fool, ne no
demoniak, 1483 Caxton Cato E viij b, And helyth the
demonyackes or madde folke. 1546 Lanciey Pol. Vere. De
Invent, 1. xviii. 33a, To banish the Spirit out of y* De-
moniake. 1665 Boye Occas. Refi. 1. x. (1845) 226 Possessed
by it as Deemoniacks are possessed by the Divel. 1717 BERKE-
Ley in Fraser Life (1871) 580 The demoniacs of S. Andrea
della Valle. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. x. (1879) 221 They
looked like so many demoniacs who had been fighting.
+2. Eccl. Hist, (See quot.) Ods.
1727-5 CHambers Cycl., Demoniacs, are also a party or
branch of the Anabaptists, whose distinguishing tenet it is,
that the devils shall be saved at the end of the world. 1847
in Craic, and later Dicts.
Demoniacal (dzménoi-akal), a. (sd.)_ [f. as
prec. +-AL,] a. Of or pertaining to demons. b.
= Demoniac, rb. e. Befitting or of the nature
of a demon; devilish, fiendish.
Demoniacal possession: the possession of a man by an
indwelling demon or evil spirit, formerly held to be the
cause of some species of insanity, epilepsy, etc.
1614 Br, Hatt Recoll. Treat, 883 In the Popish Churches
-, their ridiculous, or demoniacall service, who can endure ?
1621-51 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. i. ut. 35 Extaticall and demo-
niacall persons. /6/d. 1. ii. 1. vii, Imaginary dreams are of
divers kinds, natural, divine, demoniacal, etc. 168r Hat-
LYWELL Melampr, 78 (T.) A notable instance of demoniacal
Possession. 1741 WaArBuRTON Div. Legat. 1x. Notes Wks.
1811 VI. 391 The Possessions recorded in the Gospel. .called
demoniacal, 1856 Kane Arct, Exfl. I. xxviii. 367 Menacing
and demoniacal expressions, 1858 Lyrron What will He
dou. xi, His bere with a demoniacal usher. 1877 Back
Green Past. x\, (1878) 323 The temper of the mistress of the
house. .of such a demoniacal complexion.
Hence Demoni-acally adv. :
1819 G. S. Faper Diésfens. (1823) I. 345 Demoniacally
ossessed. 1865 L, OripHanr Piccadilly (1870) 102 She
looked at me. .demoniacally. 2
Demoniacism (dimonoi‘asiz’m). rave.-° ‘The
state of being a demoniac; the practice of de-
moniacs’ (Craig 1847).
1848 WensTer cites MiLMAN.
+ Demoniacle, z. Ods. Also -yakyl. [a.
OF. demoniacle, the usual representative of L.
demoniac-us : cf. OF. triacle, TREACLE, L. ¢hériaca.]
= Demoniac.
¢ 1500 Melusine 314 Whiche, thrugh arte demonyacle, hath
myserably suffred deth. 1503 Kalender of Sheph., Of Yre,
The man yrews ys lyk to oon demonyaky! ‘
Demornial, a. rare. [a. OF. demonial, prob.
med.L. *demonial-is, f. demonium: see DEMON
and -AL.] Of or relating to a demon or demons ;
also, of the nature of a demon, demoniacal.
1675 R. BurtHoccEe Causa Dei 310 To hear Diotima de-
DEMONISM.
scribing the Demonial Nature. 1678 Cupwortn Jutel?. Syst,
1. iv. $14. 264 No one who acknowledges Demonial things,
can deny Demons. 1849 Sédonia 11. 287 Because of the
spell which the demonial sorceress laid on them,
Demoniality (démounijzeliti). rare. [f. prec.
+ -ITy.] The nature of demons; the realm of
demons, demons collectively. (Cf. spirituality.)
1879 (¢/¢/c), Demoniality ; or Incubi and Succubi.. by the
Rev, Father Sinistrari, of Ameno .. now first translated into
English. 1891 Sat. Rev. 2 May 543/2 The old wives’ fables
- are those of demoniality, black masses, etc, ,
Demonian (diméwnian), a. [f. L. demont-um
(see DEMON) + -AN.] Of, relating to, or of the
nature of, a demon or demons.
1671 Mitton P. 2. 1. 122 Princes, Heaven’s ancient sons,
ethereal thrones, Demonian spirits now. 1790 H. Boyp
Sheph. Lebanon in Poet. Reg. (1808) 146 Demonian visions.
1833 THirtwate in Philod. Museum 11.582 So far as we can
find our way in this truly dzmonian twilight. o Zait's
Mag. VII. 410 Against such dzmonian manifestations.
Hence + Demo‘nianism, the doctrine of demo-
niacal possession.
174r WarsurTON Div, Legat, 1x. Wks. 1788 III. 775 An
error, which so dreadfully affected the ialipien they were
entrusted to propagate, as Demonianism did, if it were an
error. 1762 — Doctrine of Grace i. vii. (1763) II. 161 To
ascribe both to Enthusiasm or Demonianism.
[Here some modern edd. have Demoniasmt, which has
thence passed into Latham and later Dicts.]
+Demorniast. Obs. rave-'. [f. after Gr.
agent-nouns in -agrns, f. -dew, -4¢ev.] One who
has dealings with demons, or with the devil.
1726 De For /fist, Devil. x. (1840) 339 His disciples and
emissaries, as witches and wizards, demoniasts, and the like.
+Demorniat, 2. Obs. [corresp. to Pr. de-
moniat, OCat. dimoniat, from L. demoniac-us :
see DEMonIACc.] Demoniacal, devilish.
1623 Litncow. Trav. x. 201 This grim demoniat spight.
Demoniartic, a. rarve—'. = prec.
1880 P. GittmorE Ox Duty 10 Tragedies as cola-blooded
and demoniatic as ever occurred,
Demonic (d/tnynik), @ Also dem-, [ad.
L. demonic-us, a. Gr. Baipovix-ds of or pertaining
to a demon, possessed by a demon, f. daipay,
Saipov-: see DEMON and -1¢.]
1, Of, belonging to, or of the nature of, a demon
or evil spirit ; demoniacal, devilish.
1662 Evetyn Chalcogr. 68 Convulsive and even Demonic
postures. 1738G. Smirn Curious Relat. 1. iv. 518 Somany
Demonick Delusions. 1840 CartyLe Heroes (1858) 197
‘Fotuns,’ Giants, huge shaggy beings of a demonic character.
1886 2. Rev. Oct. 53 The traditional demonic proposal, ‘1
will be your servant here, and you shall be mine hereafter’.
2. Of, relating to, or of the nature of, superna-
tural power or genius=Ger. démonisch (Gothe) :
cf. Demon 1, (In this sense usually spelt desonic
for distinction.)
1798 W. Taytor in Monthly Rev. XXVI. 491 In his im-
mature youth he had detected within himself a something
demonic. 1854 LowELt Cambridge 30 Yrs. Ago Pr. Wks.
1890 I. 87 Shall I take Brahmin Alcott's favorite word, and
call hima Demonic man? [1874 see Demoniac 4.] 1879
Firzceratp Lett. (1889) I. 447 There is enough to show
the Demonic Dickens: as pure an instance of Genius as
ever lived. 1887 Saintspury Hist, Elizab, Lit. vii. (1890)
258 If they have not the demonic virtue of a few great
dramatic poets, they have .. plentiful substitutes for it.
Demonical (démg'nikal), a. Now rare or Obs.
[f as prec. +-AL.]
- =prec, I.
1588 J. Harvey Discours. Probl. 79 Without any..mix-
ture of demonicall, or supernaturall Magique. 1603 Hot-
LAND Plutarch’s Mor. 1299 That Typhon was some fiend
or dzmonicall power. 1607 Torsety Hour. Beasts (1658)
127 Falsly imputing this demonical illusion to divine revela-
tion. 1652 GauLE Magastrom. 334 Examples of demonicall
familiars. 1820 Examiner No. 621. 148/1 To attribute de-
monical propertiestoGod. 1836 J. H. Newman Par. Sern.
(ed. 2) II. iil. 38 This divine inspiration was so far parallel
to demonical possession.
+2. =Demoniac 1. Obs.
1626 L. Owen Sec. Fesuit. (1629) 43 The people .. made
no more account of her words than of a Demonical creature.
+ Demoni'craty. Olds. rare-°.
1656 BLount Glossogr., Demonicratie, the Government of
divels.
Demorniculture. wonce-wd. [See Currurn.]
Demon-worship, demonolatry.
1879 M. D. Conway Demonol. I. 1. x. 239 Much ..is but
elaborate demoniculture.
Demonifuge (dimp'nifizdz). nonce-wd. ff.
L. demon (DEMON) + -FUGE, L. -fugus chasing
away.] Something used to drive away demons;
a charm against demons.
1790 Pennant London (1813) 271 Isabella .. I hope was
wrapped in the friar’s garment, for few stood more in need
ofadzmonifuge, 1848 Soutney Comm.-pl. Bk. 111.771 Salt
a demonifuge.
Demonish (dzmonif), a. rare. [f. Demon +
*ISH.] Of the nature of a demon; demonic.
1863 Drarer Jutell. Devel. Europe vii. (1865) 159 He
evoked two visible demonish imps. .
b. as adv. (humorous.) ‘ Devilish’.
1867 O. W. Hotmes Guard. Angel iv. (1891) 49 ‘It was a
demonish hard case’, he said.
Demonism (dimdniz’m). Also de-. ff.
Demon +-18M.] Belief in, or doctrine of, demons.
1699 Suarress, Eng. conc. Virtue 1. i. (1709) 2 Theism
24
DEMONIST.
stands in opposition to d ism, and d good in
a sngenes Deity. 1789 T. Jerrexson Writ. (1859) II. 553
P merits of ath an
Spectator 4 Feb. rge/2 The ridicule of the devil and his imps
eo aeons phen ge ay prs ey ya ge
upon the masses. 1 Antidote ay1 ief in
denen and 9 a
Demonist (di minist). Also de-. [f. Demon
+-18t.] A believer in, or worshipper of, demons.
1641 Dialogue Answered 6 One Marke a great D: i
186
so far as its demonolatriacal part is concerned. did, I11.
The first authors of the demonolatric ere
~~ Recapit, Apostasy 106 ‘The later or iy
Christian Roman Empire. 1846 — Lett. Tractar, Secess.
Popery 240 The predicted i Ap y
E. Wurre Life in Christ w. xxvi. (2878) 434 Jerome ai
Augusti >, those intol i the i
‘apostasy’, as Mr, Isaac ‘Taylor has truly described them.
1876 Br, Carpwett in Contemp. Rev. Feb. 370 Certain de-
lators in the pi day .. display as plain signs of
x699 Suarress. Eng. conc, Virtue 1. i. (1709) 2 To believe
the governing Mind, or Minds, not absolutely and neces-
sarily good .. but capable of acting according to mere will
or fancy, is to be a demonist.
Demonization (diménoizé'fon). [f. next:
see -ATION.] The action of turning into, or repre-
senting as, a demon.
1799 W. T'ayLor in Robberds Mem. I. 204 I hope to atone
to them for my demonizations. | 1879 M. D. Conway De-
monol. I, uu. ve a ie demonisation’ of the forces and
dangers of nature belongs to the structural action of the
human mind.
Demonize (diménaiz), v. [f. med.L. demo-
nizare: cf. Gr. dapovit-ecOa passive, to be pos-
sessed by a demon: see -1ZE.]
1. “rans. To make into, or like, a demon; to
render demoniacal; to represent as a demon.
1821 Examiner 579/1 That subdued superstition, espion-
age, and persecution .. more adequately demonises active
hypocrisy and oppression. 1879 M. D. Conway Demonol.
I. 1. iv. 26 In Persia the aswras—demonised in India—re-
tained their divinity. 1888 Morning Post 12 Sept., Where
men are brutalized, women are demonized, and children
are brought into the world only to be inoculated with cor-
ruption.
2. To subject to demoniacal influence.
1864 in Weester. 1888 Sat. Rev. 2 June 674 An alligator
becomes ‘demonized’ and works the wicked will of a witch.
Hence De‘monized, De‘monizing ///. a.
1837 CartyLe Fr. Rev. u. v. iv, Black demonised squad-
rons, 1857-8 Sears Athan. xi. 90 Demonizing passions.
1883 Monier WitiiaMs Relig. Th. in [ndia ix. 234 Tenanted
by .. demonized spirits of dead men, superhuman beings.
Demono-, before a vowel demon-, repr. Gr.
Baipovo-, combining form of Saipwv DEMON; oc-
curring in various modern formations, as Demono:-
cracy, the rule of demons; a ruling body of demons
(quot. 1827), + Demono'machy, fighting with a
demon, ‘+ Demono‘magy, magical art relating to
demons. +De‘monoma:ncy, divination by the
help of demons. Demono‘pathy, a mental disease
in which the patient fancies himself, or acts as if,
possessed by a demon, De:monopho'bia, fear of
demons. Demono‘sopher (vovce-zwd.), one in-
spired by a demon or by the devil (controversially
opposed to ¢heosopher). Also DemonoGRarPHy,
etc.: see below.
1730-6 Baiey (folio), Demonocracy, the government of
devils. 1815 W. H. [reLann Scribbleomania 282 A spirit
.. By foul demonocracy wholly subdu'd. 1827 Sir H. Tayior
Isaac Comnenus u. iii, A demonocracy of unclean spirits
Hath govern'd long these synods of your Church. 1718
D. Camppect (¢it/e), Daemonomachie or War with the Devil,
in a short Treatise. a1808 Br. Hurp (L.), The author had
rifled all the stores of demonomagy to furnish out an enter-
tainment. 1652 GauLe J/agastrom. 165 Damonomancy,
divining by the suggestions of evill damons or devils. 1865
Cornh. Mag. Apr. 475 But what is demonopathy the Mor-
zinois might reasonably have asked? What'was it that had
come to their valley? 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Demonopathy,
dzmonomania. 1888 J. Murpocn |W omen of India 16 This
demonophobia was learned from their mothers. 1780 WESLEY
Wks. (1872) IX. 518 [Behmen] .. ought to be styled a de-
monosopher rather than a theosopher. 1881 Overton
W. Law 198 Behmen was no ‘Demonosopher’ (to adopt
Wesley’s happy phrase).
Pea =oe (dimong’grafar). _[f. mod.
L. demonograph-us, F. démonographe (17th c.),
answering to a Gr. type *5ayovoypapos: see
-GRAPH.] A writer on demons.
1736 Battery (folio) Appendix (9 N 2) Demo her.
1877 tr. Lacroix’ Sc. § Lit. Mid. Ages (1878) 201 Plotinus
.. and his disciple Porphyrus .. who may be looked upon as
the first demonographers of the Middle Ages. 1883 Muss
R. H. Buskin NY. 40. 24 Nov. 4o1/2 Italian demonograj
do not make any distinction between..a fairy and a witch.
So Demo’nograph (= onal Demono'graphy.
Cornh, Mag. X1. 485 Both these celebrated demono-
gra concurring in the opinion. 1889 Cent. Dict., De-
| ila the descriptive stage of demonology. O. 7.
ason.
Demonolatry (d/minp'litri). [f. Gr. type
*Saipovo-Adrpaa (see -LATRY); in mod.F. démon-
oldtrie (Littré).] _Demon-worship.
1668 M. Casauson Credudity 38(T.) Nicholaus Remigius
.. in his books of di latrie, doth profess [etc.}. -_
Cuvworrn Jntell. Syst. 593 Creature-worship, now vulgarly
called idolatry—that is, for their cosmo-latry, astro-latry,
and demono- . 1850 Rosertson Sermt, Ser, 11. ii. (1864)
24 Somewhat like what we might now call demonolatry.
1 M. Conway Demonol. 1. 1. xi. 258 The number
seven holds an equally high degree of potency in Singhalese
demonolatry.
So Demono‘later, a demon-worshipper ; Demo-
nolatri‘acal a., -la‘tric a., Demono'latrous 4.,
of, pertaining to, or of the nature of demon-wor-
ship; Demono‘latrously adv.
lp as ever were displayed eighteen hun-
dred years ago.
Demonology (diméng'lédzi). Also 7 -gie,
7-9 de-. [mod. f. Gr. dalpor + -Aoya -LOGY : cf.
F. démonologie (16th c. in Littré).] That branch
of knowledge which treats of demons, or of beliefs
about demons; a treatise on demons.
1597 James I (¢it/e), Daemonologie, in Forme of a Dia-
logue, diuided into three Bookes. c1645 Howett Lett.
(1650) III. 37, I return you the Manuscript you lent me of
Damonologie. 1651 Hoses Leviath, m1. xl. 256 The Greeks
(from whose C arid D: logy .. their Religi
became .. corrupted), 1775 H. Farmer Demoniacs N. 7.
1. vii. 135 Di logy composed a very emi part of the
Pythagorean and Platonic philosophy. 1857 WHEwett //ist.
Induct. Sc. 1. 215 An imaginary mythology or di i]
DEMONSTRATE.
Le (d/mp'nstrab’l, de‘mfnstrab’!),
a. [ad, L. démonstrabil-is, {.demonstrare: see Dx-
MONSTRATE and -BLE.] Capable of demonstration.
1. Capable of being shown or made evident.
+b. occas. = Evident, ape t (obs.).
c1q00 Rom, Rose 4691 1 w ..Shewe thee withouten
— A thyng that is not prague se 1530 PALSGR. 3009/2
Jemonst demonstrable. 1604 Oth, m1. iv. 142
Some vn ‘d ise, Made demonstrable heere in
Cyprus to him, Hath pudled his cleare Spirit. 1647
Ciarenvon //ist, Red, vi. (:843) 292/t That it should be
more demonstrable to the kingdom, than yet it was, that
the war was, on his majesty’s part, purely dcuaubes.
Crpper A fol. (1756) I. 46 In what shape they wou'd severally
come out..was not then demonstrable to t deepest fore-
sight. 1867 J. Hoce Microsc. u. i. 263 This body without
d ble inf of a nucleus is ble of sub-
any P
dividing. 1875 H. C. Woop Therap. (1879) 158 Upon the
yaso-motor nerves. .[it) has no demonstrable influence.
2. Capable of being
sively,
1st Recorpe Pathw. Knowl. 1. xxiv, This is a certaine
waye to fynde any touche line, and a demonstrable forme.
1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. \xiii. (x61) 334 All points of
Cc ristian doctrine are either demonstrable conclusions or
proved clearly and conclu-
sy:
1875 E. Waite Life in Christ 1. xxi. (1878) 310 The apos-
tolic demonology alone explains that paradox.
So Demono‘loger, Demono‘logist, one who
studies or is versed in demonology ; Demonolo‘gic
a., of or pertaining to demonology ; Demonolo:-
gical a., concerned with demonology ; Demono-
lo'gically adv.
a173% Nortu Exam. im. ix. § 7 (1740) 652 If the Devil
himself .. could... have supplied more livid Defamation ..
I am no Damonologer. 1749 Br. G. Lavincton Enthus.
Meth. & Papists (1754) 11. 36 The former suffer purely (as
Damonologists write) from the ration of Satan himself,
or his Imps. 1801 W. Taytor in Monthly Mag. X1. 44
A metrical romance, of which his damonological studies
were to supply the machinery, 1833 CaRLyLe Misc. (1857)
III. 194 Working quite demonologically. 1834 H. Mitter
Scenes & Leg. xx. tite) 291 He replied in the prescribed
formula of thedemonologist. 1844 V. Brit. Rev. 1.153 The
demonologic contest, in which the Evil One is .. driven
off by the mystical artillery of the priest. 1886 Rocrrs
Soc. Life Scotl. V1. xx. 269 Engaged in demonological
inquiries.
Demonomachy, -magy, -mancy: see Dr-
MONO-.
Demonomania (d7ménoméinia), [a. med.
L. demonomania, {. Gr. daipwv, Sapovo- + MANTA,
Aaipovoyavia was used in eccles. Gr. in a some-
what different sense: see. next.) (See quot.
1883.)
1880 Sat. Rev. No. 1295. 249 Outbreaks of the epidemical
demonomania to which every age is liable. 1883 Syd. Soc.
Lex., Damonomania, a kind of madness in which the
patient fancies himself possessed by devils ; it isa variety
of melancholia, originating in mistaken views on religious
subjects.
+ Demono'manie. 0és. [a. F. démonomanie
(1580 in Hatzf.), ad. med.L. demonomania, a.
eccles. Gr. da:povopavia foolish belief in demons,
f. pavia MANIA.] Foolish belief in demons ; de-
yotion to the subject of demonology.
1623 Favine Theat. Hon. u. xiii. 208 Excelled in Demon-
omanie all them that had gone before them, 1638 Sir T.
Herpert 7'rav. (ed. 2) 231 They .. abolisht their celestial
worship, and (as Strabo relates) received Demonomanie,
continued till Mahomet.
+Demonomist. Oés. [f. as Demonomy +
-1sT.] A believer in or worshipper of demons.
1638 Sir I. Hervert 7rav. (ed. 2) 302 The idolaters be-
yond all e grosse D [bid. 329 Celebes
.. well peopled, but with bad people ; no place ingendring
greater Demonomists.
+ Demonomy (d/mp'ndmi). Obs. [app. short-
ened from demononomy, f. Gr. daipov Demon, with
ending of astronomy, ctc.] Belief in demons,
demon-worship.
1638 Sir T. Herwerr Trav. (ed. 2) 8 Howbeit the divell..
has infused demonomy and igious idolatry into their
hearts. /id. 306 Drunk with abominable demonom
superstition. 1665 /did. (1677) 365 ‘These Javans are nk
in Demonomy.
Demonopathy, -phobia: see DEMono-.
De-monopolize (dimfng'pileiz), v. [f Dr-
Il. 1 + Monopouize.] ¢rans. To destroy the
monopoly of, withdraw from monopoly.
x . A. Wensrer in Encyel. Brit. VI. 154/1 Since the
expiry of the contract the mines [of Colombia] have been
demonopolized.
Demonosopher: see DEMono-.
Demo: (dimonri), [f. Demon + -Ry: cf.
devilry. moniacal influence or practices.
@ 1851 Joanna Bartz (O.), What demonry, thinkest thou,
possesses Varus?
Demonship (dimonfip). rare. [f. as prec. +
-SHIP.] The rank or condition of a demon,
1638 Meve Afost. Later Times (1641) — They com-
b stoa h
menced Heroes, who were as Pre
Demonstrabi'lity. [f. next + -1y.] The
quality or condition of being demonstrable.
18a5 CoLertpce Aids Ref. 87) 161 note, The Demonstra-
bility required would countervene all the purposes of the
Truth, 1870 M. Wittiams Fuel of Sun § 17% 115 Their
1016 G. S. Faser Orig. Pagan Idol, 1. 394 A religion ..
rability,
e ‘i
ative Pp H. More PAilos. Writ. Pref.
Gen, (1712) 13 Ie being so math ically d ble that
there is that which is properly called Spirit. 1745 Fre-pinc
True Patriot Wks. 1775 1X. 334 With numberless other
propositions equally plain and demonstrable. 1864 Bowen
L 7 id xi. 374 Propositions are also said to be demonstrable,
if they require or admit of proof.
Hence Demo‘nstrableness = DEMONSTRABILITY.
1675 J. Smitn Chr. Relig. Appeal 1. 30 The irrefragable
ereof. 1706 S. Crarke Evid. Nat. &
rableness both of
demonstrableness th
Rev. Relig. 282 (L.) The natural demonst:
the gbligations and motives of morality.
mo‘nstrably, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly2.]
1. In a way which admits of demonstration; so
as to be demonstrable.
1642 Cuas. I Declar, at York 11 June 6 Orders Evidently
and Demonstrably contrary to all known Law Reason,
1659 Hammonp On Ps. xxxiii. 7 Annot. 180 Demonstrably
ofa gibbous, circular form. 1738 Berxecey A /ciphr. vu. § 1
A thing demonstrably and palpably false. 1873 M, Arnotp
Lit. & Dogma (1876) 143 They were also demonstrably liable
to commit mistakes in argument.
2. In the way of demonstration; by demonstra-
tion.
1649 Jep. Tavior Gt. E.vemp. ui.
what 2 lemonstrably proved, is forced
tion of his choice. 1754 Epwarps Freed.
vi. 11. He who beleeves
the demonstra-
1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy ww. xxxv, A fynall demon-
Pina Sothfast shewing, and signifyaunce —
Caxton Fason 27b, :
straunces that he..toke upon him the charge,
| Godfrey 246 For demonstraunce that oure lord and his dere
moder oure lady shold gyue to them vyctorye, [they] toke
the baner of Tasers: ant patte it on ba Ypon ihe chirche
of oure lady. 1894 Carew 7asso (1881) 12 He plaine de-
monstrance gaue, Th’ allowance longs to le t' adde
Ihaue. 1627 Br. M. Wren Serm, 11 What Semonstrance
withall he must make of the same. ee tees Royal
Converts 252 Blessings sublunary prove kind demon-
strances of Gracious Love.
2. Demonstration ; prot, eis is
x Caxton Afyrr. mt xviii, 175 In prew
ie rary denmemmnenen aed csias thiel the Sonne
is gretter than alle therthe is, 1603 Hottanp Pinos
Mor. 303 (R.) Good and d
many Calamities peevish obstipacy is the cause, R.
Junius Cure Misprision (L.), If one or a few sinfull acts
were a sufficient of an hypocrite, what would
of all the elect? het
8. Setting forth of a plaintiff's case; =DEMmon-
STRATION 4.
Demo [f. L. démonstrant-em, pr.
pple. of démonstrare: see -Ant.) One who de-
monstrates or takes in a public demonstration,
1868 Pall Mall G. 18 Aug. 3 The demonstrants would, in
any case, have been obliged to seek shelter. 1887 Scott.
Leader 14 Nov. 5 Mingling with the more part
of the demonstrants are a great many roughs.
De-monstratable, a. rare. [f. DEMONSTRATE
v. +-ABLE.] = DEMONSTRABLE,
1865 Herscuet in Fortin, Rev. July 440 (Origin of Force)
It is a fact dynamically
+Demonstrate, a. and sb. Obs. [ad. L.
démonstrat-us, pa. pple. of démonstrare ; see prec.)
Demonstrated. a@. as fa.
1571 Dicces Pantom. iv. xxv. Ggb, Manyfolde mo. .pro-
than may. .(I will not saye demonstrate, but
be declared. Bacon Adv, Learn, 1, V. $2
propositions of Euclyde. .till they bee demonstrate, they
DEMONSTRATE.
seeme strange to our assent, 1671 True Nonconf. 305, I have
already demonstrat, in the second Dialogue, that [etc.].
1707 EK. Warv Hudibras Rediv, 1. xv, Human knowledge
first commences From Things demonstrate to our Senses.
b. as adj.
1s0o9 Hawes Past. Pleas. vin. viii, And by scripture wyll
make demonstrate Outwardly accordynge to the thought.
1632 Lirucow 7rav. 1. 7 O! a plaine demonstrate cause,
and a good resolution.
sb. A demonstrated proposition or truth.
1655-60 Srantey //ist. Philos. (1701) 181/2 Of Analysis
there are three kinds, one..whereby we ascend by demon-
strates and subdemonstrates, to indemonstrable immediate
propositions.
Demonstrate (dimp‘nstre't, de-mfnstreit), v.
[f& L. démonstrat-, ppl. stem of démonstrare to
point out, show, prove, f. De- I. 3 + monstrare to
show, point out. For the shifting of the stress sce
ConTEMPLATE. Both pronunciations appear in
Shaks.]
+1. ¢rans. To point out, indicate; to exhibit,
set forth. Obs. Const. szmple obj. or obj. clause.
(So in the other trans. senses.)
1552 Hutoet, Demonstrate, indico, monstro. 1863 SHUTE,
Archit. Dijb, In the which bodye of the pedestall is demon-
strated Ichnographia. 1599 Suaks. //en. V’, 1v. ii. 54 Descrip-
tion cannot sute it selfe in words, To demonstrate the Life
of such a Battaile. @ 1633 Austin A/edit, (1635) 90 That the
Starre stooped downe to Earth and sent forth greater and
clearer Beames then before to demonstrate not onely the Place,
but the very Child. 1650 Cromwe tt Leé. 4 Sept., Coming to
our quarters at night, and demonstrating our apprehensions
to some of the colonels, they also cheerfully concurred. 1684
R. H. School Recreat. 148 We come next to demonstrate the
‘Time not proper, i.e. Unseasonable Angling. .is when [etc.].
+ 2. To make known or exhibit by outward indi-
cations ; to manifest, show, display. Ods.
1s99 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 312/1 If..it be
the Canker, it will after the third time demonstrate it selfe
with a little knobbe or tumor. 1600 Saks. A. ¥. Z. i.
ii. goo Euerie thing about you, demonstrating a carelesse
desolation. 1634 Sir T. Herpert 7yav. 157 They be very
apt on prompt occasions, to demonstrate valour and resolu-
tion. 1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto's Trav, xxviii, 111 By this
Figure these Idolaters would demonstrate that she was the |
Queen of the fiery sphear. 1734 tr. Rodlin's Anc. Hist. (1827)
I. 99 No people ever demonstrated such extent of genius.
1803 WELLINGTON in Owen Desf. 224 His Highness has de-
monstrated the most implicit confidence in the protection of |
the British power, .
b. To express (one’s feelings) demonstratively.
1855 THackeray Newcomes 11. 339 Paul was a personage
who demonstrated all his sentiments, and performed his
various parts in life with the greatest vigour. |
3. ‘To describe and explain by help of a specimen |
or specimens, or by experiment, as a method of
teaching a science, e.g. anatomy, chemistry ; also
absol. to teach as a demonstrator. |
1683 Rosinson in Ray's Corr. (1848) 133 Monsieur Tourne- |
fort, a Languedoc man .. demonstrates now the plants in
the King’s Garden here. 1856 Dove Logic Chr. Faith Introd.
§ 2. 2 note, The anatomist demonstrates, when he points out
matters of fact cognisable by the senses, @ 1859 Dr Quincey
in H. A. Page Life (1877) II. xx. 307 They will do me too
much honour by *demonstrating’ on such a crazy body as
mune,
4. To show or make evident by reasoning ; to
establish the truth of (a proposition, etc.) by a
process of argument or deduction ; to prove beyond
the possibility of doubt.
1571 Diccres Pantom, 1. xx. Fiijb, This Lemma... or
proposition I minde to demonstrate. 1646 Sir T’. Browne
Pseud. Ep. 1. ix, Archimedes demonstrates. .that the pro-
portion of the Diameter unto the Circumference is as 7
almost unto 22. 1691 Ray Creation (1701) 43 The best
medium we have to demonstrate the Being of a Deity.
1754 Suertock Dise, (1759) I. iv. 153 Few Workmen can de-
monstrate the mechanic Powers of the Instruments they
use. 1814 D’Israeit Quarrels Auth. (1867) 355 What others
conjectured, and some discovered, Harvey demonstrated.
1860 TyNpALt Glac. 11. xxx. 404 The existence of this state
of strain may be demonstrated.
b. absol.
1604 SHAKs. Oh. 11. iii, 431 This may helpe to thicken
other proofes, ‘hat do demonstrate thinly. 1669 Gate Crt.
Gentiles 1. Introd. 4 A Mathematician, whose office it is
to demonstrate. J. Martineau &ss. Il. 46 Euclid
had to demonstrate before there could be a philosophy of
geometry. id
e. Of things: To prove.
r6ox Suaxs. Ad/’s Weil. ii. 47 A copie to these yonger
times ; Which followed well, would demonstrate them now
But goers backward. 1802 Parry Nat. Theol. iii. (1819) 18
It is a matter which experience and observation demonstrate.
1860 ‘I'yNDALL Glac. 11. xvii. 324 The crevassing of the eastern
side of the glacier. .does not. .demonstrate its slower motion.
5. intr. To make a military demonstration ; to
make or take part in a public demonstration.
1827 £. iner 297/1 ‘The Spanish army has been so long
allowed to demonstrate on the Portuguese frontier. 1882
Blackw. Mag. July 13 There is not water enough for us to
go and demonstrate inside the bay. 1888 Bryce Amer.
Comme. U1. 111. 1xxiii. 604 The habit of demonstrating with
ds and banners and emblems.
tb. trans. (causal.) Obs. rare—".
i Netson in Nicolas Desf. V. 71, I have demonstrated
the Victory off Brest, and am now going to seek the
in the ocean.
Hence Demonstrated ///.a., Demonstratedly
adv., Demonstrating vb/. sb. and ffi. a.
1650 B. Discolliminium 20 There are demonstratin and
determining Providences. 1676 Newton in Phil. Trans.
187
XI. 703 To examine a demonstrated proposition. 1678 Cup-
wortu /xtell, Syst. 145 (R.) A clear foundation for the de-
monstrating of a Deity distinct from the corporeal world.
1881 Froupe High Ch. Revival, Short Stud, Ser. ww. (1883)
213 A holy life, it was demonstratedly plain to me, was no
monopoly of the sacramental system. 1888 Daily News
4 June 3/1 Demonstrating bodies from all parts of London
. assembled on the Embankment.
Demonstration (demfnstréifon). [ad. L.
démonstration-em, n. of action from démonstrare
to DEMONSTRATE : perh. immed. a. F. démonstra-
tion (14th c. in Oresme), a refashioning of OF.
demustretson, -aison, intermediate form demon-
strotson.]
+1. The action of showing forth or exhibiting ;
making known, pointing ‘out ; exhibition, mani-
festation ; also an instance of this, Ods.
1393 Gower Conf. II. 368 By demonstracion The man was
founde with the good. 14.. £piph. in Tundale's Vis. 117
Of a schynyng by demonstracyon Is fanos seyd. — 1530
Patscr. 146 Of adverbes..Some betoken demonstration &
serve to shewe or poynt to a dede. 1568 Grarron Chron.
II. 172 For the open apparaunce, and demonstracion of this
godly concorde. @ 1633 W. Austin Jledit. (1635) 177 Christ
preaching to save him [St. Thomas]. .shewes himselfe (by
demonstration) unto him, 1668 R. Wa tis (¢7¢/e!, Room
for the Cobler of Gloucester and his Wife, with Several
Cartloads of Abominable, Irregular, Pitiful, Stinking Priests,
also a Demonstration of their Calling.
b. Outward exhibition of feeling.
1873 H. Spencer Stud. Sociol. xv. 358 Demonstration, be
it in movements that rise finally to spasms and contortions,
or be it in sounds that end in laughter and shrieks and
groans.
+e, That by which something is shown or made
known ; an illustration ; a sign, indication. Oés.
1559 W. Cunnincuam Cosmogr. Glasse Pref. Avjb, Divisinge
sundry newe Tables, Pictures. demonstrations and pra-
ceptes. 1963 Suute Archit, Bija, Makynge demonstra-
tions to a Latine worke with Greke letters. 1684 R. H.
School Recreat. 130 Cock Fighting..A Scarlet Head is a
Demonstration of Courage, but a Pale and Wan of Faint-
ness. .[These qualities] are Demonstrations of Excellency
and Courage.
2. A display, show, manifestation, exhibition, ex-
pression. a. adsol. (obs.); b. with of
a. 1556 Aurelio § sab. (1608) C, With my tormented
demonstrations and great boldnes..I overcame hir. 1632
J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 136 Beleeving those
affectionate-seeming demonstrations to be really true. 1653
H. Cocan tr. Pinto’s Trav. iv. 11 We gave them a great
peal of Ordnance..beating our Drums, and sounding our
‘Trumpets, to the end that by these exterior demonstrations
they might conclude we regarded not the Turks awhit.
b. 1605 SHaks. Lear iv. iii. 12 Did your letters pierce
the queen to any demonstratiorf of grief? 1769 Robertson
Chas. 1’, I. 1v. 252 Great were the outward demonstrations
of love and confidence between the two Monarchs. 1855
Prescott Philip 7, I. ii. 14 She seemed to think any de-
monstration of suffering a weakness.
3. The action or process of demonstrating or
making evident by reasoning; the action of prov-
ing beyond the possibility of doubt bya process of
argument or logical deduction or by practical
proof; clear or indubitable proof; also (with f/.)
an argument or series of propositions proving an
asserted conclusion.
To demonstration : to the certainty of a demonstrated and
indisputable fact ; conclusively.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Sompx. 7.516 In ars metrik schal ber no
man fynde..of such a questioun Who schulde make a de-
monstracioun. 1553 Epen 7reat. New /nd. To Rar. (Arb.)
10 Most certayne and apparente demonstracions of Geome-
trye. & Man Musculus’ Commonfpl, 141 a, Not meete for
any wise body to beleue the word of matters vnknowen, set
forth without any Syllogisticall demonstration. 1650 ‘I’.
Rupp Pract. Geom. Biv, A Hundred Questions with their
Solutions and Demonstrations. 1690 Locke Hm. Und.
Iv. ii. (1695) 305 Those intervening Ideas, which serve to
shew the agreement of any two others, are called Proofs ;
and where the agreement, or disagreement is by this means
lainly and clearly perceived, it is called Demonstration, it
ing shewn to the Understanding, and the Mind made see
that it is so. 1730 SourHatt Bugs 25 "Tis apparent to a
Demonstration, that from every Pair..about two hundred
Eggs..are produced. 1876 Jevons Elem. Logic (1880) 33
A demonstration is either Direct or /udirect. In the latter
case we prove the conclusion by disproving the contra-
dictory, or shewing that the conclusicn cannot be supposed
untrue, 1878 Bosw. Smitu Carthage 236 He proved to
demonstration the soundness of the Fodgonat he had formed.
b. That which serves as proof or evidence; an
indubitable proof.
©3374 Cuaucer Boeth.u. iv. 44 1t hap ben shewid and proued
by ful manye demonstraciouns as I woot wel bat pe soules of
men ne mowen nat dien in no wise. apg le et Errors
Cens, 31 The Circulation of the Blood is a Demonstration of
an Eternall Being. 1 tr, Du Mont’s Voy. Levant 18
Found nothing..but a Book of Psalms, which was a suffi-
cient Demonstration .. that I had been a Hugonot. 1726
Adv, Capt. R. Ad 269 Told me.. I should have Demon-
stration of her Infidelity. 1804 WELLINGTON in Owen Desf.
630 Additional demonstrations of those views have appeared
since the renewal of the war.
4. Kom. Law. The statement of the cause of
action by the plaintiff in presenting his case.
1864 J. N. Pomeroy /utrod. Munic. Law 1. ii. 107 The
formula commenced with a part called .. Demonstration
(de tratio) which contained a short statement of the
laintiff’'s cause of action, 1880 Murirneap Gaius iv. § 40
he demonstration is that part of the formula which is
inserted at the outset on purpose to show what is the matter
in dispute.
DEMONSTRATIVE. :
5. The exhibition and explanation of specimens
and practical operations, as a method of instruction
in a science or art, esp. in anatomy. Also attrdd.
1807 Med. Frnt. XVII. 95 Mr. Taunton will resume his
Winter Course of Lectures and Demonstrations on Anatomy,
Physiology, Pathology, and Surgery. 1832 Examiner 395/1
On Monday there was a demonstration on the viscera by
Mr. Grainger. 1883 Lougman’s Notes on Bhs. vi. 204
(Buckton's Food & Home Cookery), The course consists of
fifteen lessons, twelve to be given by demonstration followed
by practice .. Every girl who attends the whole course will
have twelve Demonstration and fourteen Practice lessons.
Mod, Miss H. will give a Cookery Demonstration.
6. Ad?. A show of military force or of offensive
movement; esp. in the course of active hostilities
to engage the enemy’s attention while other opera-
tions are going on elsewhere, or in ¢ime of peace
to indicate readiness for active hostilities.
1835 Burnes 7xav. Bokhara (ed. 2) 111. 265 He made last
year a demonstration against Julalabad, a district between
Cabool and Peshawur. 1853 Sir H. Dovuctas AZitit.
Bridges (ed. 3) 205 Prince Eugene .. made demonstrations
to attack the post of M and to cross the Adige to
Badia .. [He] continued demonstrations at Masi, until
he heard that Colonel Batté had succeeded in throwing 500
men across the river. 1862 Lp. BrouGuam Brit. Const. xiii.
178 The Barons having, by an armed demonstration, com-
pelled the King to allow the appointment.
7. A public manifestation, by a number of persons,
of interest in some public question, or sympathy
with some political or other cause; usually taking
the form of a procession and mass-meeting.
1839 Britannia i ‘rit Metropol. Conserv. Press (1840)
I. 421 Whig emis s have been employed to get up what,
in their own conventional cant, they call a demonstration,
to mark the national joy [etc.]. 1861 Sa/. Nev. 22 June 630
Then, besides ‘ovations’, there are ‘demonstrations’, the
Q. E. D. of which is not always very easy to see. We read
how the students of such an University ‘made a demonstra-
tion’, This we believe means, in plain English, that the
students kicked up a row. 1884 Civ. World 16 Oct. 781/r
The demonstration of demonstrations took place on Saturday
at Chatsworth, when. .about 80,000 people came together.
Demonstrational (-éi:fanal), a. [f. prec. +
-AL.] Of or pertaining to demonstration.
1866 Pall Mall G. 1 Dec. 13 A leaning to the demonstra-
tional view both of literature and oratory. 1886 GuRNEY
Phantasms of Living 11. 3 [It] connects the sleeping and
the waking phenomena in their theoretic and psychological
aspects, it. separates them in their demonstrational aspect.
+ Demonstra‘tioner. Ods. rave’. [f. as
prec. +-ER.] One who favours or practises demon-
stration.
1589 Almond for Parrat 15 Your olde soaking Demon-
strationer, that hath scrapte vp such a deale of Scripture to
so lyttle purpose.
Demonstrationist (-éJonist). [fas prec.
+-Ist.] One who takes part in a demonstration.
1871 Echo 15 Aug., A riot between the Orangemen and the
demonstrationists Is considered likely. 1890 77ses 28 Jan.
5/3 Demonstrationists nowadays dislike wet weather.
Demonstra‘tionize, v. [See -1z.]
To make a public demonstration.
Hence Demonstra‘tionizing v/. sb.
1882 S¢. Fames’s Gaz. 28 June, The history of our recent
demonstrationizings. | uot
Demonstrative (dimp'nstrativ’, a. and sé.
In 5 -if. [a. F. aémonstratif, -tve (14th c. in
Hatzf.), ad. L. démonstrativ-us, f. ppl. stem of L.
demonstrire: see -1VE.]
1. Having the function or quality of clearly
showing, exhibiting, or indicating; making evi-
dent; illustrative.
Demonstrative legacy: see quot. 1892.
1530 PatsGr. 309/2 Demonstratyfe, demonstratifi 155%
T. Witson Logike (1580) 27 b, A demonstrative, or shewyng
reduction. 1616 R. Watier in Lismore Papers (1887) Ser.
u. II. 19 Some demonstrative token proportionable to the
large favor wherwithall you haue vouchsafed to giue me.
1700 DryveN (J.), Painting is necessary to all other arts,
because of the need which they have of demonstrative
figures, which often give more light to the understanding
than the clearest discourses. 1892 Gooprve A/od. Lazw of
Real Prop. 394 A demonstrative legacy is one which is in
its nature a general legacy, but is directed by the testator to
be paid out of a particular fund. ave . :
2. Rhet. Setting forth or describing with praise
or censure. i
1553 T. Witson Rhet. 6b, The oracion demonstrative
standeth either in praise or dispraise of some one man, or of
some one thyng. 1576 FLeminc Panofl. Epist, Epit. A, An
epistle demonstrative consisteth in these two points, namely,
commendation and dispraise. a 1677 Barrow Pope's Suprent.
(1687) 72 Eloquent men do never more exceed in their indul-
gence to fancy, than in the demonstrative kind .. in their
commendations of persons. _1783 H. Biair Xhetoric xxvii.
11. 46 The chief subjects of Demonstrative Eloquence, were
Panegyrics, Invectives, Gratulatory and Funeral Orations.
3. Gram. Serving to point out or indicate the
particular thing referred to: applied es. to certain
adjectives (often used pronominally) having this
function.
Demonstrative root: a linguistic root which appears to
have had no other signification than that of pointing to
a near or remote object, as the ¢- in Sanskrit tat, tada, Gr.
16, t67€, L. tam, tunc, or its Teutonic representative J, th,
in the, then, there.
15z0 WuiITINTON Vlg. (1 2 5b, Whan a nowne demon-
intr.
strative is referred to y* hole sentence folowynge. 1530
Patscr. Introd. 29 P: d yves they have
24*-2
. DEMONSTRATIVELY.
but thre 7/, Ze and ox or Zen. 1668 Witxins Keal Char. ut.
ii. § 3. 305 As this or that man or book..in these cases the
Pronouns are commonly called Demonstrative. 1835 Mrs.
Marcer Mary's Gram. 1. ix. 250 When we use the demon-
strative pronoun, it seems as if we were pointing our finger
to show the things we were speaking of. 1865 ‘I'yLor Early
a Max. iv. 61 The demonstrative roots, a small class
81 The letter #, having demonstrative force, is inserted.
4. That shows or makes manifest the truth or exist-
ence of anything ; serving as conclusive evidence.
1386 CuaucerSompn. 7.564 Yeshulseen.. By preeue which
that is demonstratif, That equally the soun of it wol wende
..vn-to the spokes ende. 1570-6 Lamparve Peramb. Kent
(1826) 301 The vertue of holy water (in putting the Divell to
flight) was confirmed at Motindene by a demonstrative
argument. pa! N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. iii. (1739) 5
The first of which is cried down by many demonstrative
instances. 1691 Ray Creation (1714) 18 A demonstrative proof
..of the fecundity of His wisdom and Power. 1807 G.
Cuacmers Caledonia 1.1. iv. 117 These military works. .are
equally demonstrative of their skill, and creditable to their
perseverance. 1855 Ess. [ntuit. Mor. ii. 43 Another point
. demonstrative of God's providence.
5. That serves to demonstrate logically ; belong-
ing to logical demonstration.
1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 124 Galyen.. in hys
youth he desired greetly to knowe the science demonstratiue.
1s8t Muccaster Positions xli. (1887) 244 Logicke, for her
demonstratiue part, plaieth the Grammer to the Mathe-
maticalles. 1 De Lawne tr. Du Moulin's Logick 163
A demonstrative Syllogisme as that which prooveth that the
attribute of the conclusion is truely attributed unto the
subject. 1 Butter Anal. Introd. Wks. (1874) I. 1
Probable evidence is essentially distinguished from demon-
lent radicals. 1892 Davipson Heb, Gram. (ed. 10):
| of plants, if need be, without a guide or demonstrator. 1758
| J. S. Le Dran's Observ. Surg. Introd. (1771) 5 Six Demon-
strative by this, that it admits of degrees. 1864 BowEn
Logic ii. 34 Logic, as it proceeds from axiomatic principles,
.-is a purely demonstrative science.
6. Characterized or produced by demonstration ;
evident or provable by demonstration.
1612 I, Witson Chr. Dict., To bee infallibly assured of a
thing, by demonstratiue certainety. 1665 Sir T. Hersert
Trav. (1677) 188 'Tis demonstrative that salt waters have
much more heat than fresh waters have. 1798 Mactivus
Popul.(1878) 295 It is a demonstrative truth. 1863 Mrs. C.
Crarke Shaks. Char. iv. 1066 We have passed into an age
of practicality and demonstrative knowledge.
. Given to, or characterized by, outward exhibi-
tion or expression (of the feelings, etc.).
1819 Metropolis 111. 252 No fulsomeness of public and
demonstrative tenderness, on his part, ever puts me to the
blush. 1832 Examiner 241/2 The middle party in the
House have been sufficiently demonstrative of their purposes.
1863 Mrs. C. Ciarke Shaks, Char. v. 124 The demonstra-
tive gratitude of his heart. 1872 Darwin Emotions xi. 265
Englishmen are much less demonstrative than the men of
most other European nations,
8. That teaches a science by the exhibition and
description of examples or experiments. rare. Cf.
DEMONSTRATOR 2.
1814 Philos. Mag. XLIV. 305 (tite) Demonstrative Course
of Lectures on Drs. Gall and Spurzheim's Physiognomonical
System.
B. sé. Gram. A demonstrative adjective or pro-
noun.
1530 Patscr. 75 Demonstratives simple is only ce. 1591
Percivaut Sf. Dict. Biva, Of pronounes..some are called
demonstratiues, because they shew a thing not spoken of
before. 1833 McHenry Span. Gram. 42 Possessives and
demonstratives are used in Spanish both as adjectives and
as pronouns. 1 R. Morris Eng. Gram, (1877) 114 The
Demonstratives are the, that, this, such, so, same, yon.
Demo'nstratively, adv. [f. prec. + -L¥ *.]
In a demonstrative manner.
+1. In a manner that points out, shows, or ex-
hibits ; so as to indicate clearly or plainly. Ods.
1571 Gotpinc Calvin on Ps. li. g The adverb behold is
taken here demonstratively as if David shuld bring forth
upon a stage the miserable end that remayneth for the
roud despysers of God.
tters .. are ..demonstratively laid down on the Plain.
Moxon Print Lett. 52 The |
1677 Hace Prim. Orig. Man. u. iv. 152 The new discoveries _
of Stars and Asterisms .. by the help of the Telescope,
demonstratively and to the sense, :
2. In a way that makes manifest, establishes, or
bts the truth or existence of anything ; spec. by
ogical demonstration.
1584 Fenner Def Ministers (1587) 63 What soeuer bee
demonstratiuelie concluded out of the Scriptures. 1678
Cuvwortn /nfell. Syst. 234 Able to discourse onstra-
tively concerning the same. 1772 Swinton in PAil. Trans,
LXIII. 214 As I have elsewhere demonstratively proved.
1885 Manch. Exam. 22 June 5/4 The thing can be done ..
as .. Pel has demonstratively shown. :
+3. With clear or convincing evidence, conclu-
sively. Obs.
Sir T. Browxe Pseud. Ep. 39 Plato and Aristotle ..
demonstrativel d ding the simplicity of perfection,
and the indivisible condition of the first causator. 1764
Wansurton Lef?.(1809) 353, | was as demonstratively certain
of the Author, as if I had stood behind him. :
4. With strong outward exhibition of feeling. —
1871 Hoime Lee Miss Barrington 1. x. 149 Met them with
a emtaientarety agreeable air, and tried to engage them
in tal
Demo'nstrativeness. [f.as prec. + -NESS.]
The quality of being demonstrative.
@1660 Hammonp Wes. 11. 1v. 178 (R.) [It] supersedes all
demonstrativeness of proof from this text for the criminous-
ness of will-worship. 1664 H. More Afyst. op xii. 40 Nor
can the demonstrativeness of this Reason be eluded. 1863
J. C. Morison S¢. Bernard ui. i. cg oy ni was no..weak,
undisciplined d eness in their joy.
188
Demonstrator (demfnstré'tar). [ad. L. dé-
monstrator, t-n. from démonstrare to DEMON-
STRAE ; partly after F. démonstrateur, 14th c. in
Hatzf. (So pronounced by Smart 1836; Walker
gave demonstrator in the general sense, demon-
sira‘tor in the technical.)
1. One who or that which demonstrates, points
out, or proves.
1611 Cotcr., Demonstrateur, a demonstrator; one that
DEMOUNT.
ae aA
2. To lower or destroy the power of bearing
against dangers, fatigue, or difficulties (F. Ze :
see MoRALE): applied esf. to an army or a people
under arms ; also yes ge take from anything its
firmness, staying power, etc.
1848 Gatienca /tady 11. ii. 39 Foscolo was intended for
a man of action and strife : ease and fortune unnerved and
demoralised him. Green Short Hist. vi. § 1. ‘The
long series of Englsy tories had. pee the French
euidently shewes, plainely declares, perspicuously deliuers
eel seashore
things. 1666 J. Smirn Age 66 (T.) instr
them both are the of h he
find,
trying to make
1775 Jounson Jax. no Tyr. 2 The demonstrator will
after an operose deduction, that he has i
that seen which can be only felt. 1825 Coterince A fds
Refl, (1848) I. 140 In all these d ratic di
strators presuppose the idea or conception of a God.
2. One who exhibits and describes specimens, or
performs experiments, as a method of teaching a
science; an assistant to a professor of science, who
does the practical work with the students.
1684 Ray Cor. (1848! 139 [A book] to facilitate the learning
ms t
Strators in Surgery, at the Amphitheatre of St. Cosme. 1792 |
A. Younc Trav. France 137 Mr. Willemet, who is demon-
strator of botany, shewed me the botanical garden. 1887
Men of the Time 234 He [Sir Andrew Clark] was demonstra-
tor of anatomy to Dr. Robert Knox.
3. One who takes part in a public demonstration.
1870 Daily News 9 Oct., Another demonstration took
place to urge the Government not to make peace .. An
evasive answer was given to these demonstrators.
Times 13 Feb. 5/2 The demonstrators. .assembled in front of
the statue of Henry IV, in order to place a wreath on it.
4. ‘The index-finger’. Syd. Soc. Lex.
Hence De‘monstra:torship, the office or position
of a scientific demonstrator.
1870 A thenxum 14 May 642 A Syndicate .. recommended
the establishment of a Professorship and Demonstratorship
of Experimental Physics.
Demo-nstratory, 2. [ad. L. démonstratori-
us (Isidore), f. démonstrator: see -onY.] That
has the property of demonstrating.
1727 Baiey vol. 11, Demonstratory, belonging to demon-
stration. 1817 Co-esrooke 4 /gebra xxvi, The gloss of Ran.
gandtha on the VAsana, or demonstratory annotations of
Bhascara. 1880 Mutrneap Ga/sus iv. § 60 The matter in
dispute is first set forth in a demonstratory manner.
emont, obs. form of Demount, q.v.
Demonurgist. are. [f. Gr. type *5apor-
ovpyés demon-working + -1st. Cf. metallurgist,
etc.] One who practises magic by the help of
demons. So De‘monurgy, the practice of magic
by the help of demons.
1797 W. Tavior in Monthly Rev. XXIV. 509 Agrippa and
his friends had a taste for the occult sciences, for alchemy,
divination, damonurgy, and astrology. 1798 /é/d. XXV. 502
Damonurgists and other professors of occult science. |
Demonymic (dimoni‘mik), a. and sd. [f. Gr.
370s people, DEME + -wrupuxds adj. formative, f.
évopa name: cf. paper adj. Named from
the deme. sd. The name (of an Athenian citizen)
according to the deme to which he belonged.
1893 J. E. Sanpys A ristotle’s "A@nvaiwy Modcreia 110 The
demonymic of the former would be "Oa@ev; of the latter
Oinber.
Demoore, obs. form of DemurR v.
Demophil (de'mofil). [mod. f. Gr. dip-os
people + pidos friend.] A friend of the people.
1884 Hunter & Wayre Aly Ducats xxvii. (1885) 426
A man may be a democrat without being a demophile.
Hence Demophilism.
1871 Lp. Hovcuton in Life (1890) IL. xvii. 353 A demon
not of demagoguism, but of demophilism. 1893 P. Miryouxov
in Atheneum 1 July 27/2 A vague interest in the lives and
habits of the masses, a sort of archxological demophilism.
Demor‘e, Demorage, etc., obs. ff. Demur, Dr-
MURRAGE, etc.
Demoralization (d/mp:riloizéi'fon). [f. next
+-ATION: so mod.F. aémoralisation, admitted by
the Acad. 1878.] The action of demoralizing ; the
state or fact of being demoralized.
1809 Sourury in Q. Kev. Il. 115 It would be easy to
shew..that the religion of the Koran ly produces
this demoralization. 1877 Daily News 5 Nov. 5/5 His army
is in a state of utter demoralisation and disorganization.
Demoralize (dimp'rilaiz), v. [a. F. démoral-
ise-r (f. De- IL. 1 + Monat a. + -12E), a word of
the French Revolution, condemned by Laharpe,
admitted by the Acad, 1798.]
1. trans. To corrupt the morals or moral prin-
ciples of ; to deprave or pervert morally.
¢ 793 Westin in Lyell 7rav. N. Amer. 1. 65 When ..
N ‘ebster .. was asked how many new words he had
coined, he replied only ‘to demoralize’, and that not in his
dictionary, but long before in —— published in
the last century [about 1793}. Sourney Lets. (3856)
II. x05 One of the worst princi men who ever lent his
aid to debase, d debilitateé human nature.
demoralised
874 M C seer 1886) 102 P
1 ORLEY Cov, mnIsE (1 1 *
by tne habit of Teoting os society comesively from the
juridical point of view.
b. To deprive (a thing) of its moral influence or
effectiveness.
1869 Spectator 24 July 863 In a case where this sort of —
| the ‘Drapier Letters’ and the ‘Conduct of
y. 1894 Daily News 2 June 3/7 The market became
demoral ea oe Sorsign advices, heavy liquidations,
foreign selling, better crop news. 3
Hence Demo‘ralized, Demorralizing f//. adjs.
1808 Crit. Rev. Aug. (T.), The pernicious influence of
their demoralizing creed. 1817 J. Scorr Paris Revisit.
(ed. 4) 401 The demoralized state of the public character.
1871 Mortey Voltaire (1886) 133 Miracles .. have neces-
sarily a very de: ig effect.
i (dimg'ralaizaz). [f. prec. + -ER.]
A person or thing that demoralizes,
1881 Voice (N.Y.) 25 Aug. 1 It (rum traffic] is the general
| demoralizer. 1892 Catholic News 8 Oct. p. vi/6 Licenced ~
a 1 dad Anat. pat
Demorance, -aunce, Demore: see Demur-
RANCE, DemuR. .
Demorlayk: see DeMERLAYK Ods., magic.
|| Demos (di'mgs). Occas. demus, //. -i. [a. Gr.
dijpos district, people.]
1. One of the divisions of ancient Attica; =
DemMeE? 1.
1776 R. Cuanpter Trav. Greece 19 (Stanford) A demos or
borough-town. /éid. 36 Hipparchus erected them in the
demi or borough-towns.
2. The people or commons of an ancient Greek
state, esp. of a democratic state, such as Athens ;
hence, the populace, the common people: often
personified.
1831 Westm. Rev. Jan. 245 The aristocracy have had
| their long and disastrous day; it is now the time of the
Demos. 1847 Grote Greece 1. xxxvi, The self-acting Démos
assembled in the Pnyx. 1886 Tennyson Locksley Hall Sixty
Yrs. After go Celtic Demos rose a Demon, shriek’d and
slaked the light with blood.
Demosthenic (demgspenik), @. [ad. Gr.
Anpooberx-ds.] Of or pertaining to Demosthenes,
the great Athenian orator; resembling Demosthenes
or his style of oratory. So also Demosthene‘an
(ef, Gr. AnpooGéveos}, Demosthe’nian adjs.
1846 Worcester cites Blackw, Mag. for ic.
u Manarry Soc. Life Greece xi. 34} The Demosthenic
public, 1880 MrCartuy Own Times 111. xlvi. 406 Some
critics found fault with Palmerston for having spoken
of Cobden’s as ‘ Demosthenic eloquence’. 1882 Athenzum
19 Aug. 244/3 The reviewer consi that pam such as
Allies’ are
‘ Demosthenian in style and method’,
Demot (dzmft). [a. Gr. dnpudér-ns one of the
(same) deme, f. 5ju0s DEME ®, people, etc.] A mem-
ber of a Greek deme.
1847 Grote Hist, Greece 1. xxxi. 1V. 180 The inscription
of new citizens took place at the assembly of the demots.
Demotic (dimp'tik), a [ad. Gr. dnyorix-ds
popular, plebeian, common, democratic, f. dyuérns
one of the people (the deme).]
1. Of or belonging to the people: sfec. the dis-
tinctive epithet of the popular form of the ancient
Egyptian written character (as distinguished from
the Aderatic, of which it was a simplification) :
called also enchorial. Also absol. = demotic
character or script.
1822 0. Rev. XXVIII. 189To prove, that neither the hieratic
or sacerdotal ,nor the demotic or vulgar, writing is alphabetic.
1880 Sayce in Nature XX1. 380 The only change undergone
by E i he in ion of a running
OE ee Tne wrdiswles fore ie called bieratic and
in its later form demotic, :
2. In general sense: Of, ining or —- to,
the common people; popular, vulgar. Somewhat
rare.
S Wks. (1859) I. Demotic habits will
Papo mee a —— Sey ah aes forced to
court the for politicak power, O. W. Hoimes
Poet hot. fr reas.) 18 The annie what in de-
motic is call
he‘ ing’. 1881 7 ames 26 Apr.
There is nothing in the position that the demotic ae oh
Demow nt, v. Also 6 Sc. demont. [ad. F.
démonter : cf. DismouNT.]
+1. intr. To dismount. Ods.
1533 Bettennen Livy 361 (Jam.) All horsmen .. demont
haisti!
ie fra thare hors.
2. nonce-wd. [f. De- + Mount v.] my _——
. Rev. . vi, Beau' H
morsxing heavenward, 20° beautifully .. Well #f.it do not,
Pilatre- ; and demount all the more tragically!
Demour, -oyre, Demourage, -ance sce
"iDemiple: app. scribal_ error for Aemple
ple: app. seri ¢=
CAMPLE v. to wrangle, sd. wordy conflict, wrangling.
peat R. Pr Ces. 196 a be tia. J >
demple, tak ches. h MS.
pis to Gain Slee cai tak pat pat 3e first ches.)
Dempne, obs. AMN.
DEMPSTER.
Dempster (dem?sto1). Forms: 4 demstere,
demestre, -ter(e, demister(e, (demmepster,
demaistre), 4, 7 demster, 6 demstar, 4, 8-9
dempster. See also Dremsrer. [ME. démestre,
in form fem. of démere, DEEMER, judge: see -STER.
The root-vowel was originally long ; cf. the modern
form DrEmsrER, used in the Isle of Man; but in
general use it was shortened at an early date in
consequence of the elision of the short vowel of the
second syllable, and the collocation of consonants
in demstre; whence the forms demster, dempster.
Dempster is also a surname.]
+1. A judge. Obs.
@ 1300 Cursor M. 5585 (Cott.) Prist and demmepster sai i
id rr, demestre, demister, domesman]. /é/d. 7005 Aioth was
an be dempster [v. 7r. demester, demister]. /d¢d. 22920
(He] sal cum befor be demstere [v. 77. demestere, demistere,
demester] ?¢1320 A nticrist 550 F for drednes o pat demster.
b. for Deemsrer 2. (/. of Alan.)
3 Scorr Peveril xv, One of the dempsters at the time.
+2. In Scotland, formerly: ‘The officer of a
court who pronounced doom or sentence definitively
as directed by the clerk or judge’ (Jamieson).
“1513-75 Diurn. Occurrents (1833) 117 [They] creatit_bail-
lies, serjantis, clerkis, and demstaris. 1752 Lournian Forme
4 Process 57 The sentence is read by the clerk to the
emster, and the Demster repeats the same to the pannel.
1753 Stewart's Trial 283 ‘The court proceeded to give judg-
ment ; which, being written down in the book, and signed
by the whole judges, was read by the clerk, and, in the
usual manner, repeated pronounced by the dempster to the
pannel as follows. 1825 Jamieson Dict. s.v., As the repeti-
tion of the sentence after the judge has been of late years
discontinued, the office of Dempster in the Court [Edin-
burgh] is also laid aside.
Hence +Dempstery, demstary, the office of
dempster. *
1551 Aberdeen Reg. V. 21 (Jam.) The office of demstary. .
Dempt, obs. pa. t. and pa. pple. of DeEm v.
+Demption. 06s. rare—'. [ad. L. demption-
em, n. of action f. démére to take away.] The action
of taking away or suppressing. e
1552 Huxoet, Colysion, abiection, contraction, or demption
of a vowel. .syphonesis.
+Demulce (d/mu'ls), v. Obs. [ad. L. démulce-
re to stroke down, to soothe caressingly, f. Dr- I. 1
+ mulcére to soothe.] ¢vans. 'To soothe or mollify
(a person); to soften or make gentle. Formerly
said also of soothing medicines: cf. DEMULCENT.
1530 Exyor Gow. 1, xx. (éxit.), Wherwith Saturne was
eftsones demulced and appaysed. 1656 Baxter Ref Pastor
3o1 As Seneca saith to demulce the angry. 1684 tr. Bonet’s
Merc. Compit. xix. 690 Nervine Medicines .. demulce the
Part, and take away the preternatural acrimony. 1831
'T. L. Peacock Crotchet Castle viii, Before I was demulced
by the Muses, I was ferocis ingenii puer.
Hence Demu'leing A//. a.
1619 H. Hutron Follies Anat. (1842) 22 His belly is a
cistern of receit, A grand confounder of demulcing meate.
a 1670 Hacker Abp, Williams 1. (1692) 70 The Earl’s de-
mulcing and well-languaged phrases.
+Demu-lceate, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [irreg. f.
L. démulcére (see prec.) + -ATE3.] =prec, So
+ Demulcea‘tion, Ods.
1627-77 Frrruam Resolves ut. 1xxvi.
smooth demulceations that insensibly do stroke us in our
gliding life. 1817 Blackw, Mag. I. 470 Gallantry .. or the
exalted science of demulceating the amiable reservedness. .
of the gentler sex.
Demulcent (d/mm'lsént), a. and sb. Chiefly
Med. [f. L. démulcént-em, pr. pple. of démulcére
to DEMULCE.]
A. adj. Soothing, lenitive, mollifying, allaying
irritation.
1732 Arsutunot Xudles of Diet 264 All insipid inodorous
Vegetables are demulcent. 1854 S. Tuomson W7/d FZ. 101.
(ed. 4) 302 The linseed and the mallows, both valuable
for their demulcent properties.
B. sd. A demulcent medicine.
1732 Arsutunot Rules of Diet 418 Demulcents, or what
abates Acrimony. | 1875 H. C. Woop Thera. (1879) 576.
+Demuleetive, a. Obs. [irreg. f. Demutcr
v.) =DeEMuLcent.
1756 P. Browne Yamaica 115 The oil is opening and de-
mulcetive, ‘
+Demulsion. 0s. rare—3. [f. L. *démuls-,
ppl. stem of démulcére : see DEMULCE.] The action
of soothing ; a means of soothing,
1627-77 Fe.tuam Resolves u. lvii. 276 Vice garlanded with
all the soft demulsions of a present contentment,
Demur (di‘mi-1), 56. Forms: 3-7 demure,
4 demere, demoere, 6 demoure, demourre, de-
moyre, demor(e, 6-7 demurr(e, 7~ demur. [a.
F. demeure, vbl. sb. from demeurer: see next.]
+1. Delay, lingering, waiting. Obs.
1300 Floriz §& Bl. 591 Blauncheflur heo atwist Pat he
makede so longe demure [v.”. demoere: rime ifere]. ¢ x
Sir Beues 125 Theder wardes he f n gon Withouten a.
mere, 1529 in Burnet Hist, Ref Il. 97 His Highness had
cause... to marvel of your long demor, and lack of expe-
dition,- 1660 HickerinciLL Yamaica (1661) 51 Timely
alarum'd by Jacksons Demurres, at the Harbours mouth,
for four days Space. 1675 Lssex Papers (Camden) I. 311
Causing a most unnecessary demurre.
+b. Stay, abode, residence. Ods.
1444 in Coll. Hist. Staf7. (1891) X11. 318 During the tyme
21 Those soft and
189
of his demure in the presence of the seid Erle. 1g24 in
Househ. Ord. (1790) 159 In his demurre or passing from place
to place. 1532-3 Act 24 Hen. VIII, c. 13 Comynge into the
Kynges realme..and not minded to make longe or continual
demoyre in the same. 1673 Ray Yourn. Low C. 378 We
saw this ‘own only in transitu, but it merited a littledemurr.
+e. Continuance, duration. Ods.
1533 in Strype ccd. Mem. I, xx. 148 Neither unjust matry-
mony shall have his unjust and incestuous demoure and
continuance, as by delayes to Rome it is wont to have.
+2. Hesitation; pause; state of irresolution or
doubt. Ods.
1581 I. Howett Dewises (1879) 234 No doubtfull drift
whereon demurre dependes. 1677 W. Hupparp Narrative u.
49 ‘They were upon some demurre, whether to march directly
toward Ossapy. 1683 TempLe Aen. Wks. 1731 I. 379 He
did not expect any Demurr upon such an Offer. 1824 Lama
Elia Ser. 1. Capt. Fackson, You were positively at a demur
what you did or did not see.
3. The act of demurring ; an objection raised or
exception taken to a proposed course of action, etc.
1639 Mayne City Match wv. ii, Sister, ’tis so projected,
therefore make No more demurs. 1770 LANGHORNE Plutarch
(1879) I. 154/2 Camillus. invented demurs and pretences of
delay. 1791 Map. D’Arsiay Diary 4 June, He then said
it was necessary to drink the Queen’s health. he gentle-
men here made no demur. 1838 Dickens Nich, Nick. xxii,
After a little demur, he accepted the offer.
+4. Law. =Demurrer!. Obs.
1555 Harrsrietp Divorce Hen, WITT (1878) 36 The ad-
versaries..made thereupon. .a special demurre. @ 1577 Sir
T. Smiru Comm. Eng. (1609) 51 If they cannot agree, then
is the matter referred to a demurre in the Exchequer cham-
ber. 1660 Wittsrorp Scales Comm. Avjb, Vo procras-
tinate with Demurs, or Fines and Recoveries without end.
1713 Swirt Cadenus & V. 120 But with rejoinders and replies
..Demur, imparlance, and essoign, ‘The parties ne'er could
issue join.
DBemur (dimi-1), v. Forms: 3 demeore, 4
demere, 6 demore, demoore, demour(e, 6-7
demurre, 7-8 demurr, 7~ demur. [a. F. de-
meurer, in OF. demorer, -mourer (=Pr. and Sp.
demorare, It. dimorare):—pop. L. démorare =cl.L.
demorari to tarry, delay, f. De- I. 3 + morari to
delay. The OF. demor-, demour-, proper to the
forms with atonic radical vowel, was at length
assimilated to the tonic form demeur-; the latter
gave the ME. forms demeore, demere: cf. PEOPLE,
and the forms meve, preve (F. meuve, preuve) of
Move, Prover.]
+1. zxtr. To linger, tarry, wait; fig. to dwell
upon something. Ods.
ax225 Ancr. R. 242 Auh 3if ich hie swude uordward,
demeore 3e pe lengre. c1300 A. Adis. 7295 He n’ul nought
that ye demere [v7e dere]. 1550 Nicotts 7hucyd. 73 (R.)
Yet durst they not demoure nor abyde vpon the campe.
1559 BaLpwin in J/irr, A/ag. (1563) 39 b, ‘Take hede ye de-
murre not vpon them, 1595 SouTHWELL S¢, Peter's Compl.
19 But 6, how long demurre I on his eyes. 16041. Wricut
Passions v. 213, I demurre too long in these speculative dis-
courses. 1653 Urqunart Radelais 1, ii, If that our looks on
it demurre. ;
+b. To stay, remain, abide. Ods.
1523 St. Papers Hen. VII, 1V. 34 She cannot demore there
without extreme daunjur and peril. 1536 Act 28 Hen. V///,
c. ro Any person..dwellyng, demurryng, inhabitinge or re-
siant within this realme. 1550 Nicotts 7hucyd. 72 (R.) The
sayde Peloponesyans demoured in the land.
+e. To last, endure, continue. Ods.
1547 Hoorer Declar. Christ iii. Wks. (Parker Soc.) 21 This
defence. .shall demour for ever till this church be glorified.
+2. trans. To cause to tarry; to put off, delay.
1613 Purcuas Pilgrimage uU. xviil. 174 Whose judgement
is demurred until the day of Reconciliation. 1635 QuarLes
Embl. w. x. (1818) 239 The lawyer .. then demurs me with
a vain delay. 1682 D’Urrey Butler's Ghost 60, I swear..
Henceforth to take a rougher course, And, what you would
demur to force.
+3. zztr. To hesitate; to delay or suspend action;
to pause in uncertainty. Ods.
164x Mitton CA. Govt. vii. (1851) 135 This is all we get by
demurring in Gods service. 1654 Coprincton tr. Hist.
Justine 418 He found the King to demur upon it. 1655
Futter CA. Hist. 11. ii. § 40 King Edwine demurred to em-
brace Christianity. 1699 BentLey Phad. 516 ‘The Delphians
demurring, arhetves they should accept it or no. 1743 J.
Davinson A2ne7d vii. 261 You need not demur to challenge.
1778 Miss Burney £vedina li, You are the first lady who
ever made me even demur upon this subject. 1818 W. TayLor
in Monthly Rev. UXXXVII. 534 All the Yorkists could
thus co-operate, without demurring between their rightful
sovereigns. % :
+b. To be of doubtful mind ; to remain doubt-
ful. Ods. rare.
1612 T. Taytor Comm.. Titus i. 3 And demurre with the
Philistines, whether God or Fortune smite vs. @ 1628
F, Grevitte Sidney (1652) 237 ‘To have demurred more
seriously upon the sudden change in his Sonne.
+c. trans. To hesitate about. Ods. rare.
1667 Mitton P. LZ. 1x. 558 What may this mean? Lan-
guage of Man pronounc’t By Tongue of Brute, and human
sense exprest ? The first. .I thought deni’d To Beasts. . The
latter I demurre, for in thir looks Much reason, and in thir
actions oft appeers. a@1730 E, Fenron Hom. Odyss, xt.
Jmit, (Seager), Let none demur Obedience to her will,
4. intr. To make scruples or difficulties ; to raise
objection, take exception 0 (occas. at,o7). (The cur-
rent sense; often with allusion to the legal sense, 5.)
1639 Futter Holy War u. xxxvi. (1840) 98 The caliph de-
murred hereat, as counting such a gesture a diminution to
his state. 1752 Lasetye West. Br. 93, 1 .. gave my Direc
DEMURELY.
tions .. which being in some Measure demurred to, the
Matter was brought before the Board. 1775 SHERIDAN
Rivads u. ii, My process was always very simple—in their
younger days, ‘twas ‘ Jack, do this’—if he demurred, I
knocked him down, 1807 Soutney Esfriella’s Letters 111.
29 They are so unreasonable as to demur at finding corn for
them. 1855 Browninc Let, to Ruskin, | cannot begin writing
poetry till my imaginary reader has conceded licences to
me which you demur at altogether. 1860 ‘TYNDALL Glac.
1. v. 40 My host at first demurred .. but I insisted. 1875
McLaren Sev. Ser. 11.ix. 150 We can afford to recognise
the fact, though we demur to the inference.
b. ¢rans. To object or take exception to. rare.
1827 H. H. Witson Burmese War (1852) 25 As the de-
mand was unprecedented, the Mugs, who were British
subjects, demurred payment. 1876 GLapstone //omeric
Syuchr. 59, 1 demur the inference from these facts.
5. Law. (¢ntr.) To put ina Demurrer,
(a 1481 LitrLeton Vennres § 96 Et fuist demurre en iudge-
ment en mesme le plee, le quel les x1. iours serront accompts
de le primer iour del muster de host le Roy.] 1620 J.
WILKINSON Coroners & Sherifes 60 It was demurred on
in Law. 1628 Coxe Ox Lit?, 70a, And it was demured
in iudgement in the same plea, whither the 4o dayes should
bee accounted from the first day of the muster of the kings
host. /érd. 72a, He that demurreth in Law confesseth all
such matters of fact as are well and sufficiently pleaded.
1641 in Rushw., //7st. Codd. 11. (1692) 1. 334 ‘Vo which Plea
Mr. Attorney-General demurred in Law, and the said
Samuel Vassall joyned in Demurrer with him. 1660 777aZ
of Regic. 107, 1 must demur to your Jurisdiction. 1681
Trial S. Colledge 10 And if so be matter of Law arises upon
any evidence that is given against you..you may demurr
upon that Evidence, and pray Counsel of the Court to argue
that demurrer, 1848 Macautay //ist. Eng. Il. 84 The
plaintiff demurred, that is to say, admitted Sir Edward’s
plea to be true in fact, but denied that it was a sufficient
answer,
Demurante, obs. form of DeEMURRANT.
Demure (dimiiivr, a. (sb.) Also 4-5 dimuuir,
5 demeuer, -uere, -ewre, 6-eure. [A derived or
extended form of meuve, mewrye, MURE a@., used in
same sense, a. OF. meus, now mir, ‘ripe, mature,
mellow; also, discreet, considerate, aduised, setled,
stayed’ (Cotgr. 1611). The nature and history of
the prefixed de- are obscure.
(Palsgrave, 1530, has p. 841/1 ‘Sadly, wysly, demeurement’,
— p.841/2 ‘ Soberly, sadly, weurement’; but demeurement
is not otherwise known as French. )]
A. adj. +1. Calm, settled, still. Ods.
1377 Death Edw, 11 in Pol. Poems (Rolls) b. 216 Thou3
the see were rou3, or elles dimuuir, Gode havenes that schip
wold geete.
2. Of persons (and their bearing, speech, ete.) :
Sober, grave, serious; reserved or composed in
demeanour. (Cf. history of Sap.)
14.. Epiph. in Tundale’s Vis. 133 Vhis Anna come de-
mure and sad of chere. .1470-85 Matory 4 rthur xin. i,
The yonge squyer..semely and demure as a douue. 1523
Sxetron Gard, Laurel goz Demure Diana, womanly and
sad. 1538 Bate 7h7e Lawes 238 A face demure and sage.
a1568 Ascuam Scholem. (Arb.) If a yong ientleman be
demeure and still of nature, they say, he is simple and lacketh
witte. 1632 Mitton Pensevoso 32 Come, pensive Nun,
devout and pure, Sober, steadfast, and demure. 1653 H.
More Antid, Ath, ut. i. (1712) 87 Notwithstanding he Bred
no worse than the most demure and innocent. 1728-46
‘THomson Spring 485 Come with those downcast eyes, sedate
and sweet, Those looks demure. 1835 Marryat Jac. Matth/.
xxiv, Her conduct was much more staid and demure. 1875
M. Pattison £ss. (1889) I. 320 ‘ Like an angel, but half-
dressed’, thought the demure dons.
3. Affectedly or constrainedly grave or decorous ;
serious, reserved, or coy in a way that is not natural
to the person or to one of his years or condition.
1693 SHADWELL Volusteers 1. i, This Gentleman, and his
demure Psalm-singing Fellows. 1705 Srannore Laraphr.
Il. 166 Can they pursue the demure and secret Sinners,
through all the intricate mazes of their Hypocrisy. 17.
‘Tuomson Liberty wv. 69 Hell's fiercest Fiend! of Saintly
Brow demure. @1771 Gray Death Favourite Cat 4 De-
murest of the tabby kind, The pensive Selima. ‘Tuirt-
wat Greece VIII. Ixvi. 417 The threadbare mantle of its
demure hypocrisy. 1876 Back A/adcap V. xix.176,‘I thought
he was a friend of yours’, she said, with demure sarcasm.
+B. As sb. Demure look or expression. Ods.
rare.
1766 J. Avams Diary 4 Nov. Wks. 1850 II. 200 He has
an hypocritical demure on his face.
+Demure, v. Obs. rare. [f. prec. adj.]
1. iztr. ? To look demurely, ‘to look with an
affected modesty’ (J.). But cf. DemuR z. 3 b.
1606 Suaks. Ant. §& CZ iv. xv. 29 Your Wife Octauia, with
her modest eyes..shall acquire no Honour Demuring vpon
me.
2. trans. To make demure.
1651 Hensuaw Daily Thoughts 187 (L.) Zeal mad, and
voice demur’d with godly paint.
Hence Demu:red /f/. a.
1613 Uncasing of Machivils Instr. 11 With demured looke
wish them g speede.
Demure, obs. form of DemuR.
Demurely (démiiivsli), adv. [f. Demure a.
+-LY 2.] In a demure manner ; gravely, modestly,
meekly, quietly; with a gravity, meekness, or
modesty that is affected or unnatural.
c1400 Rom. Rose 4627 She, demurely sad of chere. ¢ 14;
Stans Puer 18 in Babees Bk, (1868) 27 Walke demurely bi
streetis in be toun. 1489 Caxton /aytes of A. 1V, xiii. 268
The. prynce or his lieutenant oughte to aduyse demewrely
herupon. cr, Consecration of Nuns in Maskell Mon.
Rit. Il. 314 The virgyns shall demeurely arryse
DEMURENESS.
a re to the bisshop. 1596 Snaxs. Merch. V.u. ii.
gor If I doe not put on a sober habite. . Weare prayer bookes
in my pocket, looke demurely. 1600 Dekker Gentle Craft
Wks. 1873 I. 43 I'le looke as demurely as a Saint.
Septey Sedlamira w. i, He look'd so demurely, I thought
butter would not haue melted in his mouth, 1768 Beatriz
Minstr. 1. xvi, And now his look was most demurely sad.
re C. Bronte ¥. Eyre xi, Folding her little hands demurely
before her. 1886 Manch. Exam. 27 Feb. 5/3 They sat down
demurely in opposite corners of the carriage an
a dignified silence. ;
+b. Of things: In a subdued manner. Ods.
1606 Suaxs. Ant. & CZ. 1v. ix, 30 Hearke the drummes de-
murely wake the sleepers.
Demureness (dimiiivmés). [f. as prec. +
-nESS.] The state or quality of being demure.
c1g10 Barctay Mirr. Gd. Manners (1570) G iij, With all
demurenes behaue thee in the same, As not led by malice
but rather of good loue. 1582 N. ‘IT. (Rhem.) 1 77m. ii. 9
In like maner women also in comely attire: with demure-
nesse and sobrietie adorning themselvés. 1659 GAUDEN
Tears of Ch. 349 A most supercilious demurenesse and
affected zelotry. 1821 Scorr Kenifw. vii, The prim de-
mureness of her looks.
Demurity. *ave. In 5 demeurte. [Answers
to OF. meurté, as DEMURE does to OF. meur: cf.
quot. 1483.]
1. Demure quality, demureness.
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 34/1 Joyne ..demeurte to thy
zladnes, and humylyte to thy demeurte [Fr. ef menurte a
leessement et humilite a la meurte). a 1704 T. Brown Wks.
(1760) IL. 182 (D.) They pretend to such demurity as to form
a society for the Regulation of Manners. 1889 Besant Bel?
of St. Panl’s U1, 271 The demurity went out of her face.
2. An embodiment of demureness; a demure
character or person. (Cf. oddity.)
18.. Lams Let. to Southey (L.), She will act after the fashion
of Richardson’s demurities.
+ Demu‘rmurate, v. Ols. [f. ppl. stem of
L. démurmurare to mutter over, f. Dre- I. 1 +
murmurare to Murmur, mutter.) ¢vans. To
murmur, mutter.
1641 R. Battie Parall. Liturgy w. Mass-bk, 43 Yo de-
murmurate a number of words on the elements.
Hence + Demu‘rmuratory a.
1617 Coins Def. Bf. Ely 1. x. 417 The demurmuratorie
words, which they vse in Poperie, and call Consecration.
Demurrable (d/mz'rab'!), a. [f. Demur v, or
sb, +-ABLE, For form, cf. OF. demorable durable.]
That may be demurred to; to which exception may
be taken (esf. in an action at law).
1827 Hattam Constitutional Hist. 1. i. 54 note, It was
demurrable for a bill to pray process against the defendant,
to appear before the king and his privy council. 1885 Law
Reports Weekly Notes 219/2 The petition was demurrable,
as it did not. .allege that the petitioner had a complete title
as executrix. 1893 J. Kekewren in Law Times kM
LXVIII. 439/1 The statement of claim would be demurrable.
Demurrage dimovrédz). Also 7 demourage,
7-8 demorage. [a. OF. demorage, demourage, f.
demorer, -mourer ; see DEMUR 2.
+1. Stay; delay; hesitation; pause. Ods.
a1656 Ussner Ann. (1658) 20 That long demourage of
theirs in Kadesh. 1702 C. Matner Magn. Chr. u. App. (1852)
171 Powerful enemies clogged his affairs with such demur-
rages and such disappointments as would have wholly dis-
couraged his designs. 1711 Appison Sfect. No. 89 Pa
I shall endeavour to shew the folly of Demurrage..I would
have them seriously think on the Shortness of their ‘Time,
1823 New Monthly Mag. V11. 231 A demurrage, for a second,
succeeded the shock, and then on we went again.
+b. Constrained delay, detention, Ods. rare.
1810 Bentuam Packing (1821) 226 In the allowance to jury-
men distinguish two parts: one for demurrage, viz. at the
place of trial ; the other for journeys, viz. thither and back.
1817 — Plan Parl. Reform \ntrod. cxlvii, The expense of |
journeys to and from, and demurrage at, the Election town.
2. Comm. a. Detention of a vessel by the freighter _
beyond the time agreed upon; the payment made |
in compensation for such detention.
1641 Rebels’ Remonstr. in Rushw. Hist. Coll. m. (1692) 1.
389 Acertain Summ, for the doing thereof within such a time;
and if they stay'd longer, to have so much fer diem for
demurrage. tr, Milton's Lett, State ‘ey an, 165)
A considerable Sum of Money owing from certain Portuga’
Merchants. .to several English Merchants, upon the account
of Freightage and Demorage. ne De For Crusoe 1. 153
If I stay more, I must pay 3¢...Aer Diem Demorage, nor can
1 stay np Demorage above eight Days more, 1785
Macens /nsurances I. 116 If the Delay was occasioned by
the Merchant, he shall be obliged to pay for the Days of
Demurrage, to the Captain. Marrvat Yac. Faiths.
viii, There had already been considerable loss from demur-
rage. Mod. The Ship ‘ Flora’ is on demurrage.
. A charge for detention of railway trucks.
1858 Revriecp Law Railw. ge a 191 Demurrage is
a claim by way of comp ion for the d ion of property
which is aneeeny restored. 1892 Labour Commission
loss., Demurrage, charges on overdue railway trucks.
ec. A charge of 13d. per ounce made by the Bank
of England in exchanging gold or notes for bullion.
es Vercind Money x. 116 Including the above charge of
14d. per ounce for demurrage. 1882 Brrnec. Counting-//ouse
Dict., The metallic value of standard gold is £3 175. 10}d.
per oz. At the Bank of England £3 175. 94. is given for it
without any delay... The difference of 14d. per. oz., by which
this delay is avoided, is called demurrage. ace
3. The act of demurring, or raising objection to
something. rare.
1822 Cotton Lacon II. 147 Without the slightest dissent
or demurrage of the judgment. . f
| kept him in along demurrer.
190
Demurral (d/miril). rare. [f. Demur v. +
-AL: cf. OF. demorail, demoral, retardation, delay.]
The action of demurring ; demur.
1810 Sourney in Ldin, Ann. Reg. 1.1. 413 This was a need-
less demurral. 1814 — Lett. (1856) 11. cond thought in
matters of feeling, usually brings with it hesitation, and de-
murral. 1890 Spectator 22 Mar., I crave a small portion of
your to express my demurral as well to the reasoning
as to the accuracy of ‘A Churchman’, who writes to you.
+Demu'rrance. 0s. In 4 demorrance, 6
demoraunce, 7 demourance. [a. OF. demorance
retardation, delay, f. demorer, -mourer : see DEMUR
v.and-ancE.] @. Delay, lingering. b. Abiding,
abode, dwelling.
¢1300 A. Adis. 4123 He wolde wende, swithe snel .. saun
demorrance. a 1§29 SkELToN Bk. 3 Foles Wks. 1. 201 The
man is a very fole to make his demoraunce _ such an olde
wyfe. 1625 Modell Wit 76b, Here is my demourance, and
from hence I purpose not to part.
Demurrant ((/mp‘rant), a. and sb. Also 6
demurante, 9 (evvon.) demurrent. [a. OF. de-
mourant, pr. pple. of demorer, -mourer, now de-
meurer see DEMUR ¥.] A. adj.
+1. Abiding, staying, dwelling, resident. Ods.
1529 Sufplic. to King 32 To compell the same [ministers]
to be demurante, abydinge, and resydent vpon their cures.
1577-87 Houinsuep Chron. 11. 24/3 A friend of mine, being
of late demurrant in London,
+ 2. Delaying, putting off. Ods.
1633 T. Avams E-xf. 2 Peter iii.12 God is no judge dormant,
nor demurrant, nor rampant.
3. Demurring, hesitating. rare.
1836 F. Manoney Relig. Father Prout (1859) 390 Why
hangs he back demurrent To breast the Tiber’s current ?
B. sb. One who demurs, or puts in a demurrer,
in an action at law.
1809 ‘Tomuns Law Dict. s.v. Demurrer, A demurrer is
to be signed, and argued on both sides by counsel. .The
demurrant argues first. 1885 L. O. Pike Veardks. 12-13
“dw, 111, Introd, 85 There was no complete demurrer un-
less the demurrant did abide judgment on the point of law.
Demurrer! (dimv'ra1). Also 6 (erron.) de-
murrour, 7 demourer. [a. Anglo-Fr. demurrer
= OF. demourer, pres. inf, (see DEMUR v.) used as
>]
sb.: cf. refresher, user.]
1. Law. A pleading which, admitting for the
moment the facts as stated in the opponent’s plead-
ing, denies that he is legally entitled to relief, and
thus stops the action until this point be determined
by the court.
1547 Act 1 Edw. VJ, c. 7 §1 The Process, Pleas, Demur-
rers and Continuances in every Action. 1565 Sir T. Smitu
Commw. Eng. (1609) 67 If the question be of the law, that
is, if both the parties doe agree vpon the fact, and each doe
claime that by law hee ought to haue it. .then it was called
ademurrer inlaw. 1660 7'ria/ Kegic. 107 If you demur to the
Jurisdiction of this Court, I must fe you know that the Court
doth over-rule your demurrer. 1794 Gopwin Cad. Williams
| 43 By affidavits, motions, shooay demurrers, flaws, and appeals,
to protract the question from term to term and from court
to court. 1809 Tomuns Law Dict. s. v., Demurrers are
general, without shewing any particular causes; or sfecia/,
where the causes of demurrer are particularly set: down.
1861 May Const. Hist. (1863) II. x. 230 He pleaded Not
Guilty to the first fourteen counts, and put in demurrers to
the others. 1864 Bowen Logic ix. 299 A Demurrer has been
happily explained to be equivalent to the remark ‘ Well,
what of that?’ ‘ 3
b. ¢ransf. An objection raised or exception taken
to anything; = Demur sé. 3.
1599 Marston Sco. Villanie u. vii. 205 Slowe-pac't dilatory
pleas, Demure demurrers, stil striving to appease Hote
zealous loue, 1873 H. Srencer Stud, Sociol. ii. (ed. 6) 45 This
reply, is met by the demurrer that it is beside the question.
+2. A pause, stand-still; a state of hesitation or
irresolution ; = Demur sd, 2. Ods.
1533 More Dedell. Salem Wks. 945/1 The matter is at
a demurrour in this nt, and we at youriudgement. 1627
F. E. ist, Edw. 11 (1680) 42 The greenness of the Disgrace
Wirner Vox Pact/. 93
Not well discerning whether Griefe, Shame, or Anger, that
demurrer caus'd,
+3. =DeMvurracE 2a. Obs. rare.
1622 Matynes Anc, Law-Merch, 117 If the Master doe
not stay out all his daies of demourer agreed vpon by the
charterpartie of fraightment.
urrer * (d/md'ra1). [f. Demur v. +-ER !.]
One who demurs.
1711 Avpison Sfect. No. 89 ®1, I shall distinguish this
Sect of Women by the Title of Demurrers. ‘ounc Nt.
Th. 1x. 1364 And is Lorenzo a demurrer still? 1812 A.xr-
— 7 Sept. 565/1 It is..customary..to hear the de-
murrer’s reasons.
Demurring (d/m@rin), v4/. sd. [f. Demur a.
+-1nG1,.] The action of the verb Demour, q.v.
1593 Nasne Christ's 7. 90b, There is no dem , or
exceptioning against histestimony. 1682 D'Urrey Butler's
Ghost 110 Famous was he for Procuration, Dem and
Continuation. Miss Broveuton Nancy 11. 23 But, say
demurring, you have been away often
I — discontent
ore:
Devawvaing, ppl.a, [-1nc?.] That demurs:
see the ver
1607 WALKINGTON Oft. Glass 118 His demurring judge-
ment. 1742 Younc N/, 7%, 11, 35 Are there demurring wits,
who dare dispute This revolution in the world inapird ?
Hence Demw'rringly adv.
1890 I. D. Harvy New Othello 1. viii. 187 ‘But ..' she
observed demurringly. .
DEN.
Demy (d/mai-), sd. (and a.) Pl.demies. Also
5-6 demye, 6 demie, deamy, dymye. [An
vag Ae pomp | of Demi- half, retained when this
is as a separate word. The uses are all
bs ing and quite independent of each other.]
+1. A gold coin current in Scotland in the 15th
century : apparently, originally, the half-mark
(Demi-mark: see DemMi- 7), but rising in value
with the depreciation of the sleoreaks Yous 6s. 8d.
to 12s. (Scotch). Ods.
1440. J. Suirtey Dethe K. Yames (1818) 9 That whoso
myght slee or tak hyme..shuld have iii nd demyes of
gold, every pece worth half an Englissh Noble. 1451 Sc.
Acts 8 Fas. 11, § 33 (1597) The Demy that now runnis for
nine shillen; — 13 Fas. 11, § 59 It is thocht ex
dient that the I Dem: be cryed to ten shillinges. 1489 Ld.
Treas. Acc. Scotl., Item to a pypari
ing xij) demyss. 1497 /did.,
+2. ‘A short close vest’ (Fairholt): cf. Dem1-
2. Obs.
a 1529 SkeLton Bowge of Courte 359 Of Kirkby Kendall
at <4 shorte demye. 1540 Lage Wills I. ~4 To my
doughter oe my best demye. 1 Nasue Lentew
Stuffe in Hart, Misc. (1808-12) V1 166 .) He. .stript him
out of his golden demy or mandillion, and him.
3. Paper Manuf. Name of a certain size of paper.
(Properly adj.; also e//ipt. as sb. =demy paper.)
Demy printing pwd measures 17}X22} inches ; demy
—_ paper is in Great Britain ikon in United States
16X21.
1546 Lanciey Pol. Verg. De Invent. 1. vi. 45b, There be
diuerse maner of papers, as paper royal, paper demy, -
ting paper, marchauntes paper. 1589 A/arprel. Epit. B, An
hundred threescore and twelue sheets, of good Demie oe:
1712 Act 10 Anne in Lond. Gas. No. 5018/3 For all Paper
called. . | fine, 4s. Demy second, 2s. 6d. Demy printing,
15. 8d, 1790 WoLcoTT nf P. Pindar) Benev. ao oa Urban
‘Wks. 1812 I], 251 His nice-discerning Knowledge none
deny On Crown, Imperial, Foolscap, and Demy. 1878
Print. Trades Frnl. xxv. 9 A demy 8"°. pamphlet of about
a dozen pages.
4. A foundation scholar at Magdalen College,
Oxford.
So called because their allowance or ‘commons’ was
originally half that of a Fellow: the Latin term is sem-
Communarius,
a 1486 Stat. Magdalen Coll. (MS.) 6 De electione schola-
rium voc’ Dymyes. /éid., Pro communis cujuslibet tri-
ginta pauperum scholarium, qui Demyes vulgariter nuncu-
pantur dimidium summae illius quam ye quolibet alio socio,
1536 Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 42 $1 in Oxf & Camb, Enactm.
12 Felawes, Scolers, Dymyes. 1615 Heyiin Memoranda 22
july in Mem. Waynflete (1851), 1 was chosen Demie of
lagdalen College. 1691 Woop Ath. O-ron. 1, 14 William
Lilye was..elected one of the Demies or Semi-commoners
of St. Mary Magd. Coll. 1769 De Foe's Tour Gt, Brit. 11.
246 Magdalen-College .. has a President, 40 Fellows, a
School-master, 30 Scholars called Demies. 1880 Green //ist.
Eng. People 10. vin. iii. co The expulsion of the Fellows
was followed..by that of the Demies.
5. Short for Demi-Bar, q.v.: A kind of false dice
used in cheating.
1591 Greene Disc. Coosnage (1859) 38 The name of their
Cheates, Bard-dice, Flattes, ers, Langrets, Gourds,
Demies, and many others. 1801 ‘Sporting Mag. XVIII. 100
A bale of demies.
+ 6. A half-grown lad, a youth, Oés.
1589 Warner Alb, Eng. v. xxvii, Next but demies, nor
es, nor men, our dangerous times succeede.
my-: see Demi-.
Demycent, -sent: sce Demi-crrnt Ods.
Demyd, obs. pa. t. of Deem v., Dim v.
Demyse @: see DEMI-GIRDLE Ods.
2 demi-.
A scholarship at Magdalen
1536 Act 27 Hen. VIII, c, 42§ rin oy, & Camb, Enactm,
i
Scolersh D i
itandate a8 uly in Maga, Coll. (Oxf, Hist Soe io ay
, obs. form of Dimitry.
Den (den), sd.! Forms: 1-4 denn, 4-7 denne,
(45 deen), 3- den. [OE. denn habitation of a
wild beast :—OTeut. type *danjo™, corresp. in form
to OHG. éenni neut., MHG, éenne neut. fem., Ger.
tenne f. floor, thrashing-floor, OLG. *denni, early
mod. Du. denne ‘floor, pavement, ing of a ship,
also cave, cavern, den’ Bs cf. also MDu.
dann m. forest, abode of wild beasts, waste place,
open country. The same root dan- appears in
dean, OE. (:—dani-) vale: the root-meaning
is uncertain.
1. The lair or habitation of a wild beast.
Beowulf 5512 Geseah [he] .. wundur on and pas
An cx000 Voc, in Wr.-Wiilcker 187/1 Lus(ra,
Pang Bestiary 13 De leun ..
DEN.
Bre od xxxvii. 8 Then the beastes goe into dennes; and
remaine in their places. 1808 Scorr Marm. vi. xiv, And
darest thou then To beard the lion in his den, The Douglas
in his hall?
2. A place hollowed out of the ground, a cavern
(‘+ occas. a pit). Ods. or blended with 1 or 3.
@ 1300 Cursor M, 4185 (Cott.) Tac we him out of yon den
(Joseph in the pit]. 1382 Wyciir Hed. xi. 38 Thei erringe
in..dennys and cauys of the erthe, 1387 Trevisa Higden
(Rolls) I. 315 Pe lond of Sicilia is holow and ful of dennes
LL. cavernosa). 1530 Patscr. 212/2 Den, a hole in the
grounde, canerne. 1548 Hatt Chron. 191 [They] lurked in
dennes and wholes secretly. 1588 SHaks. 77. A. 1. iii, 215
Aaron and thou looke downe into this den. 1678 Bunyan
Pilgr. 1. 1, lighted on a certain place, Where was a Denn;
And I laid me down in that place to sleep, 1726 CAVALLIER
“Mem. 1, 101, 1. .had already search’d into several Denns and
Caverns of the Mountains. 1847 Emerson Poems, Saadi
Wks. (Bohn) I. 473 No churl, immured in cave or den.
3. transf. and fig. A place of retreat or abode
(likened to the lair of a beast); a secret lurking-
place of thieves or the like (cf. Matt. xxi. 13).
e1275 Pains of Hell 176 in O.E. Misc. 152 Vvrper per beop
olde men Pat among neddren habbeb heore den. ¢ 1340
Cursor M. 14745 (Trin.) Je hit make..A den to reset -inne
peues. c1430 How wise Man taught Son 132 in Babees
Bk, 52 How litil her good doop hem availe Whanne pei be
doluen in her den. 1588 Srenser /’/re7l's Guat 96 No such
sad cares..Do ever creepe into the shepheards den, 1719
De For Crusoe (1840) II. viii. 186 [They would have] made
the island a den of thieves. 1810 Scorr Lady of L. 1. iv, The
Cavern, where, ’tis told, A giant made his den of old. 1860
Tynpat G/ac. 1. xxiii. 167 The very type of a robber den.
b. A small confined room or abode; esf, one
unfit for human habitation.
1837 Dickens Pickw. ii, The musicians were securely
confined in an elevated den. 1840 T. A. TRoLLope Sv.
Brittany 1. 315 The frightful dens of some of the Manchester
operatives, 189r E. Peacock NV, Brendon II. 100 The filthy
den where her mother lived.
e. collog. A small room or lodging in which a
man can seclude himself for work or leisure ; as,
‘a bachelor’s den’.
1771 Smottetr Humph, Cl. 5 June P 3 So saying, he
retreated into his den, 1816 Scorr Le/é. (1894) I. 372
A little boudoir .. a good eating-room, and a small den for
me in particular, 1882 Blackw, Mag. Dec. 709 [He] went
off in the direction of his own den, a little room in which he
smoked and kept his treasures.
4. The name given in the Lowlands of Scotland,
and north of England, to the conventional enclosure
or place of safety in boys’ out-of-door games, called
elsewhere the home, bay, or base.
5. ‘A deep hollow between hills; a dingle’
(Jam.). Se. local.
{‘Often applied to a wooded hollow’ (Jam.), and then
nearly synonymous with Dean2; but not the same word.]
1552 Asp. Hamitton Catech, (1884) 23 In the vail or den
quharin thow usit to commit ydolatrie. 1785 Burns 70 WW.
Simpson x, We'll sing auld Coila’s..banks an’ braes, her
dens an’ dells. a 1800 Ballad, ‘The dowie dens of Yarrow.’
1806 Sir W. Forses Beattie II. 51 (Jam.), I have made
several visits of late to the Den of Rubislaw. Note. A Den,
in the vernacular language of Scotland. .is synonymous with
what in England is called a Dingle.
(In many place names, as Dura Dex near Cupar Fife, The
Den near Kirkcaldy, Hawthornden in Mid Lothian; but as
a termination often representing earlier dene, dean.)
+6. Anat. A cavity or hollow. Obs,
1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R.1t. xxii. (1495) 70 Oute of a
denne of the lyfte syde of the herte comyth a veyne. 1615
Crooxe Body of Man 609 The implanted Ayre concluded
within the dennes or cauities of the Eares. 1683 Snare
Anat. Horse 11. xiv. (1686) 140 The Caverns or Cavities, by
some called Dens. ; .
7. Comb., as + den-dreadful adj. (= dreadful with
dens of wild beasts).
162r G, Sanpys Ovid's Met. 1. (1626) 6 Now past den-
dreadfull Mznalus confines [M/anala .. latebris horrenda
Serarum),
+ Den, sd.2 Also dene, deyn. Obs. Sc. variant
of Dan |, sir, master.
©1378 Sc. Leg. Saints, Egipciane 1110 To 30ur abbot,
dene Iohne, say. c1425 WyNtoun Cron. vu. x. 92 (Jam.)
The Abbot of Abbyrbrothok than, Den Howry. € 1450
Hottanp How/at 199 Gret Ganeris.. That war demyt, but
dowt, denyss douchty. 1552 LynpEesay Monarche 4670-2
All Monkrye..Ar callit Denis, for dignite; Quhowbeit his
mother mylk the kow, He man be callit Dene Androw.
Den °, in the salutation good den; see GOODEN.
Den (den), v1 [f. Den 50.1]
1. refl. (or passive). To ensconce or hide oneself
in (or as in) a den.
¢ 1220 Sairers 36 Wu he dennede him in Sat defte
meiden, Marie bi name. 1613 Heywoop Silver Age i.
Wks. 1874 III, 129 If he be den’d, Il’e rouze the monstrous
beast. 1632 Lirucow 7yav. vil. 315 A pit digged to hide
the Gunner. .the Gunner lay denned, and durst not stirre,
1823 Gat Zntail II. xvii. 157 ‘ Hae ye ony ark or amrie..
where a body might den himsel till they’re out o’ the gate
and away?’ ,
2. intr. To live or dwell ina den ; to escape into,
or hide oneself in, a den.
To den up: to retire into a den for the winter, as a hiber-
nating animal. (U.S. collog.)
1610 G. Fietcuer Christ's Vict. xiv, The sluggish
saluages, that den belowe. 1722 Duptey in Phil. Trans.
XXXII. 295 They generally den among the Rocks in
at aes, Sa together. cx1860 Tom Taytor in Thorn-
ry Two Cent. of Song (1867) 261 In a dingier set of
chambers no man need wish to stow, Than those, old
friend, wherein we denned, at Ten, Crown Office Row.
191
1894 Home Miss. (N.Y.) Jan. 463 Our people. .are inclined
to ‘den up’ in the hot weather, as certain animals..do in
the cold season. : ;
+38. Toden out: to drive (a beast) out of its den ;
to unearth. Ods.
ss Hanmer Chron. Tred, (1633) 203 [They] burned their
Cabbans and Cottages, and such as dwelt in caves and
rockes underground (as the manner is to denne out Foxes)
they fired and smothered to death.
Hence Denned (dend) Af/. a., Denning v0/. sé.
1622 S. Warp Woe to Drunkards (1627) 45 Insuch townes
this Serpent hath no nestling, no stabling, or denning.
1854 Zazt’s Mag. XXI1. 165 Arousing a denned lion.
+ Den, v.2 Ods.rare—'. [Etymol. doubtful : cf.
Dem v.1] ¢rans. To dam up.
1375 Barnour Bruce xiv. 354 This fals tratour his men had
maid..'lhe ysche of a louch to den [77#e men].
Den, obs. form of Dean! (decanus), DENE 2
Den and Strand: see DENE 2.
Denaer: see Dinar,
Denalagu (OE.): see DANELAW.
+Dena'me, v. (ds. [f. Dr- I. 3 + Name v.,
after OF. denomer, denommer, VL. dénominare.}
trans. To denominate.
1555 Apr. Parker /’s. cxix. 365 These fiftene Psalmes next
followyng Be songs denamd of steps or stayers. « 1640
Jackson Creed x. notes, Wks. IX. 268 The exorbitance of
a diseased appetite in man is therefore denamed ‘ caninus
appetitus ’.
Denar, denare (d/naz, d7na:1,-@'1), Forms:
6 denaire, 6-8 denare, 6-denar. [Modification
of ME. dener, denere (from OF. dener), DENIER,
assimilated to L. dénarius, It. denaro, danaro, and
the adaptations of these in other languages.]
A coin: the Roman DEenartus; the Italian denaro
or Spanish azvero of the 16-17th c.; the Persian
and East Indian Dinar, q.v.
1547 Boorve /utrod, Anowdl. 179 In Italy ..in bras they
haue kateryns & byokes & denares. 1597 1s¢ Pt. Return
Jr. Parnass. 1. i. 196 Vhe villaine would not part with a
denaire. 1699 BentLey Phad. xiv. 438 Vhe Sicilian Talent
was anciently Six, and afterwards Three Denares. 1701
W. Wotton //ist. Rome Notes 154 Antony..promises 5000
Denares to every private Soldier. 1872 Yeats Growth Comm.
367 The solidi .. were reckoned as equal to twelve silver
denars. /éid. 368 Smaller gold pieces were also coined..
under the name of gold pennies, gold denars or oboluses.
Denarcotize: see Dr- II. 1.
+ Dena‘riate, sd. Ods. or Hist. [ad. med.L.
denariat-us (in Laws of Edw. Confessor, Du
Cange), f. L. dénarius penny: sce below.] A
portion of land worth a penny a year.
1610 W. Fotkincuam Art of Survey u. vii. 58 There be
also other quantities of Land taking their denominations
from our vsual Coine; as Fardingdeales, Obolates, Dena-
riates, Solidates, Librates, 1670 in BLount Law Dict. s.v.
Fardingdeal, |
+ Dena‘riate, a. Ods. [f. L. dindri-us (see
below), in med. sense ‘money’: see -ATE?.] Of
or pertaining to money; monetary.
1632 Lirucow Trav. x. 441 The Host perceiving their
denariat charge, he entered their chamber, when they were
asleepe. |
Denarie, obs. form of Denary.
|| Denarius (dénérits), Pl, denarii (-ij2i).
[L., for déndrius niimus denary coin, coin con-
taining ten (asses), f. dénz every ten, ten by ten:
see -ARY !.]
1. An ancient Roman silver coin, originally of
the value of ten asses (about eightpence of modern
English money).
1579, Nortu Plutarch (1612) 862 (Stanf.) Eleuen Myriades
of their Denarij. 1645 Evetyn Diary (1850) I. 182 (ibid.,
Ten asses make the Roman denarius. 1788 Priesttey Lec?,
fist, ut. xv. (R.), In the early times of Rome, the price of a
sheep was a denarius, or eight pence. 1840 ArnoLp //is/.
Rome Il. 534 The silver coinage [of Rome] was first intro-
duced in the year 485; and the coins struck were denarii,
quinarii, and sestertii, 1877 C. Gerkir Christ liv. (1879) 650
When they came .. who were hired at the eleventh hour,
they received each a denarius. .
2. A gold coin (denarius aureus) of the ancient
Roman empire, worth 25 silver denarii.
1661 Lovett Hist. Anim. §& Min. 8 Vhe fourth part of a
golden denarius, 1817 Cotesrooxe A/gebra Ixxxiv, We
read in Roman authors of golden as well as silver denarii.
3. The weight of the silver denarius used as a
measure of weight, nearly equivalent to the Greek
drachma.
31398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xix. cxxxi. (1495) 940
Scrupulus that is the eyghtenthe Huolus is callyd Denarius
and is acountyd for ten pans. 1771 Raper in PAi?. Trans.
LXI. 492 The Romans did not use the Denarius for a weight
-. till the- Greek physicians .. prescribed by it, as they
had been accustomed to do by the Drachm in their own
country, :
4] In English monetary reckoning used for ‘ penny’,
and abbreviated @.; see D III. 1.
+Denarrrable, a. Obs.—° [f. L. dénarra-re to
narrate +-BLE.] ‘ Proper to be related, capable of
being declared ’.
1727 Baiey vol. II, 1730-6 — (folio). .
So + Denarra‘tion, ‘a narration’ (Bailey, 1727).
‘> Denney, denarie, s/.1 Os. [ad. L. dé-
na?ius.| = DENARIUS, the Roman penny.
©1449 Pecock Xefr. u. ii. 140 Thei offriden to him a de-
DENATURE.
narie, 1548 UpALt, etc. Evasm. Par. Matt. xviii. 93 An
hundreth denaries. 1550 Latimer Sev, Stamford Wie KE
279 ‘ Shew me .. a penny of the tribute money’.. and they
brought him a denari. 1615 BricutmMan Revelation 213 Let
thre such measures of barly bee sold for a denary. "1674
Jeake Arith, (1696) 105 ‘This is sometime called Drachinat
Denary for distinction sake.
Denary (d/nari), a. and 50.2
containing ten.]
A. adj. Relating to the number ten; having ten
as the basis of reckoning ; decimal.
1848 C. WorpswortH //1nlscan Lect. Apocalypse 524 Being
toes they must be ten..in other successive prophecies this
denary number is retained, 1875 Aucycl. Brit. 11. 463 Vo
convert 8735 of the denary into the duodenary scale, 1891
Pall Mall G, 4 Aug. 6/1 Vhe ten denary symbols,
+B. sb. Obs.
1. The number ten; a group of ten, a decad.
1615 CrookeE Body of Man 337 Three Denaries or Decades
of weekes. a@1648 Sir K. Dicsy in Suppl. to Cabala 248
(T.) Centenaries, that are composed of denaries, and they of
units. 1682 H. More Annot. Glanvill’s Lux O. 180 Sup-
pose..Denary, is such a setled number and no other.
2. A tithing or tenth part.
1577 Harrison “England u. iv. (1877) 1. 91 He diuided..
lathes into hundreds, and hundreds into tithings, or denaries.
Denationalization (dina fonaloizéifon). [f.
next +-aTIon, Also in mod.F, (-7sa/ion), Littré.]
The action of denationalizing, or condition of being
denationalized.
1814 Sir R. Witson Déary II. 363 Is not the advantage
. counterbalanced by the extinction of Poland and Italy, by
the denationalisation of two such interesting portions of
Europe? 1868 Ditke Greater Brit. 1.1. iv. 45 Americans
are never slow to ridicule the denationalization of New York,
Denationalize (dine fonaloiz), v. [a. F. dé-
nationaliser (a word of the French Revolution), f.
De- Il. 1+ ational, nationaliser.]
1. “rans. To deprive of nationality; to take his
proper nationality from (a person, a ship, etc.) ; to
destroy the independent or distinct nationality of
(a country).
1807 Aun. Reg. 779 By these acts the British government
denationalizes ships of every country in Europe. 1841
Blackw, Mag. L. 773 Vo denationalize themselves, and to
endeavour to forget that they have a country. 1880
MeCartuy Own Vimes 111. 365 New steps were taken for
denationalising the country and effecting its. .subjugation.
2. ‘lo make (an institution, etc.) no longer na-
tional ; to divest of its character as belonging to
the whole nation, or to a particular nation,
1839 Zies 29 June in Spirit Metropol. Consera'. Press
(1840) II. 122 The attempt to..denationalise the education
of the infant poor. 1878. V. Aimer. Rev. CXXVI. 266 Vhat
this crime against humanity [slavery]..should be denation-
alized.
Hence Dena'tionalized f//.a.,Dena‘tionalizer,
Dena‘tionalizing v4/. sb. and pf/. a.
1812 QO. Rev, VIII. 205 ‘Those denationalised neutrals have
no right to resist. 1848 Zart's A/ag. XV. 826 A horrid
system of denationalizing has roused in them terrible pas-
sions. 1860 Sa¢. Rev. X. 471/2 ‘The cosmopolitan and de-
nationalizing character of the Church. 1882 J. H. Buunt
Ref, Ch. Eng. 11, 206 A long train of foreigners or denation-
alized Englishmen.
Denaturalization (dinz:tiitraloizé'fon). [f.
next + -ATION, Soin mod.F.] The action of de-
naturalizing, or condition of being denaturalized.
1811 Chron, in Ann, Reg. 347 Every person, a subject of
this kingdom, who leaves it without a passport. .shall incur
the punishment of denaturalisation. 1881 Scribner's Mag.
XXII. 94 He must submit to letters of denaturalization, if
he is to be passed,
b. = DENATURATION.
1882 Chentist §& Druggist XXIV. 51/2 A Commission in
Germany has reported on the processes of denaturalisation
of Alcohol for manufacturing purposes.
Denaturalize (dénetitiralaiz), v. [f. Dn- II.
1+natural, naturalize; so in mod.F, (Littré).
1. ¢vans. To deprive of its original nature; to
alter or pervert the nature of; to make unnatural.
1812 Soutney Omniana 1. 34 All creatures are, more or
less, denaturalized by confinement. 1853 H. Rocers Zc.
Faith 140 This ‘spiritual’ faculty..denaturalised and dis-
abled, 188x Patcrave Visions Eng. Pref. 13 The lyrical
ballad .. like certain wild flowers, is almost always de-
naturalized by culture. ‘
2. To deprive of the status and rights of a natural
subject or citizen; the opposite of watiralize.
1816 KeatincE 7vav. (1817) II. 119 The Duque d’ Aveiro,
having been degraded and denaturalized previous to con-
demnation, 1838 Prescotr Ferd. § Js. (1846) I, Introd. 30
They also claimed the privilege, when aggrieved, of de-
naturalizing themselves, or, in other words, of publicly re-
nouncing their allegiance to their Sovereign.
Hence Dena‘turalized, -izing f/. adjs.
1800 Soutney Zz/ (1850) II. 45 By residing in that huge
denaturalised city, 31812 Edin. Rev. XIX. 375 Cast off
without ceremony as denaturalized beings. 1820 Lond.
Mag. May 549/2 The practice of such denaturalizing de.
pravities. 1847 De Quincey Schlosser’s Lit. Hist. Wks.
1862 VII. 54 In their own denaturalised hearts they read
only a degraded nature.
Denature (dinéttiitr), v. [a. F. dénaturer,
OF. desnaturer, f, des-, dé- (DE- I, 6) + nature ;
a doublet of DisNaTuRE.]
+1. trans. To render unnatural. Ods.
1685 Corton tr. Montaigne III. 158 Fanatick people, who
think to honour their nature by denaturing themselves,
[ad. L. déndrt-as
DENDRAL.
2. To alter (anything) so as to change its nature ;
e.g. to render alcohol or tea unfit for consumption.
ence Dena‘tured ///. a.; also Denatura‘tion.
1878 J. THomson Plenip. Key 7 If your liquor be..not of
the denatured nature of milk. .chicory coffee. 1882
Athenxum 25 Mar, 385/1 A paper ‘On the Denaturation of
Alcohol by the Action of Wood-Spirit’, 1888 Manch. Exam.
3 July 6/5 Regulations authorising the removal from bond
of what was termed denatured tea.
Denaur, var. of Dinar, an eastern coin.
Denay, obs. variant of Deny v. and sd,
Dendelion, obs. form of DaNDELION.
Dendrachate, etc. : see under DenDRo-.
Dendral, a. rare. [f. Gr. 5év5p-ov tree+-AL.]
Pertaining to or of the nature of a tree ; arboreal.
1874 H. W. Beecuer in Christian Union 28 Jan. 72 Such
trees as that dendral child of God, the elm.
Dendranatomy, -anthropology : see under
Denpro-.
+Dendrical, a. Os. [f.2s prec. +-Ic + -aL.]
Of the nature of or resembling a tree; dendritic.
1758 Menves pA Costa in Monthly Rev. 454 The said
author took a dendrites fresh dug .. scraped all the black or
dendrical substance from it.
Dendriform (de‘ndriffim), a. [f. as prec. +
-rorM, L. -form-ts ; after cruciform, etc.] Of the
form of a tree ; branching, arborescent.
1847 in CraiG. 1869 Nicnotson Zool. 89 A dendriform
mass. 1888 Rotieston & Jackson Anim. Life 791 A sponge
may be. . leaf or fan-like, branched or dendriform.
Dendrite (de‘ndrait). Also in Lat. form den-
drites (dendrai't7z), pl. dendrite (-t7). [ad. Gr.
Bevdpirns of or pertaining to a tree, f. dévdpor tree:
see -ITE, In F. dendrite (1732 in Trévoux).]
| Circ. Sc. (c. 1865) 11. 96/2
| La Saussaye's Man. Sc. Relig. xii. 89
| fleshy, fenestrated leaves.
1. A natural marking or figure of a branching |
form, like a tree or moss, found on or in some
stones or minerals ; a stone or mineral so marked.
1727-51 Cuampers Cyc. s.v., In some dendrites, the figures,
or signatures, penetrate quite through. 1774 STRANGE
in Phil. Trans. LXV. 35 It is also variegated by frequent
dendrites. 1825 Coteripce Aids Refi. (1848) 1. 27 As den-
drites derive the outlines. .from the casual neighbourhood
and pressure of the plants. 1863 Lye.t Antig. Man vii.
(ed, 3) 116 Those ramifying crystallizations called dendrites
usually consisting of the mixed oxyds of iron and man-
ganese, forming extremely delicate brownish sprigs, resem- |
bling the smaller kinds of sea-weeds.
Comb, 1856 Stancey Sinai § Pal. i. (1858) 45 The older
travellers. .all notice what they call Dendrite-stones,—i. e.
stones with fossil trees marked upon them,
2. A crystalline growth of branching or arbor-
escent form, as of some metals under electrolysis.
1882 A. S. Herscuer in Nature No. 642. 363 After a few
hours of charging, the rough dendrites of humus-coloured
substance acquired frond-like form.
Hence Dendri‘tiform a., having the form or ap-
pearance of a dendrite.
18g0 in Cent. Dict.
Dendritic (dendri tik), a.
(in F. dendritique): see -1c.] Resembling or of
the nature of dendrite: said of various structures or
formations, chiefly mineral and animal.
1. Of a branching form; arborescent, tree-like.
1816 P. Creaverann Mineral. 445 This variety. .is reni-
form, dendritic, in membranes, &c. 1841 ‘Trimmer /’ract.
Geol. 74 Dendritic native silver and copper. 1870 Rot-
LESTON Anim. Life Introd. 102 This structure .. may be
either dendritic or foliaceous.
2. Waving arborescent markings.
dendritic calcedony.
110 Imitations of ferns and foliage..in moss-agates, or in
what are called dendritic pebbles.
Dendritical (dendritikal), a.
-AL.] = prec.
1822 G. Younc Geol. Surv. Yorksh. Coast (1828) 183 The
dendritical impressions. .observed in the parting of sand-
stone. 1823 Farapay £-xf, Res. xviii. 82 The Hydrate is
produced in a crust or in dendritical crystals. B
Hence Dendri‘tically adv., like a dendrite.
1884 E. Kuein Micro-Organisms § Disease xiii. 60 In some
species [of Bacteria] the zooglwa is dendritically ramified.
Dendro-, before a vowel dendr-, combining
form of Gr. 5évépoy tree, as in De'ndrachate
(-kéit) [see AcHATE sd.'], a variety of agate with
tree-like markings. +Dendrana‘tomy, the ana-
tomy of trees (ods.). Dendranthropo'logy (so0vce-
wd.), ‘study based on the theory that man had
sprung from trees’ (Davies). Dendrocla‘stic a.,
breaking or destroying trees, sb, a destroyer of
trees. Dendrode’ntine, ‘the form of branched
dentine seen in compound teeth, produced by the
interblending of the dentine, enamel, and cement’
(Syd. Soc, Lex. 1883); cf. Dexpropoxt below.
Dendro'graphy, description of trees (Syd. Soc.
Lex.). Dendroheliopha‘llic a., said of a sym-
bolic figure combining a tree, a sun, and a phallus.
Dendro‘latry, worship of trees. De'ndrolite, a
petrified or fossil tree or part of a tree, Dendro'-
meter, an instrument for measuring trees. De'n-
drophil, a lover of trees, Dendro‘philous ¢.,
tree-loving; in Bot. growing on or twining round
trees. De‘ndrostyle (Zoo/.), one of the four pillars
[f. as prec. +
[mod. f. DenpDRITE
192
by which the syndendrium is suspended from the
umbrella in the A’Aézostomide.
{1706 Puiturs (ed. Kersey), Dendrachates (Gr.), a kind of
Agate-stone, the Veins and Spots of which ble the
|
|
DENE-HOLE.
.. since the time of Evelyn .. should have taken up .. the
Dep of the Jbid. Introd. 10
This .. work .. mcludes about 100 Trees and Shrubs for the
Dendrologist, indigenous to the British Isles. 1869 W.
Figures of Trees and Shrubs.] 1865 Pace Handbk. Geol.
Terms, Dendrachate .. moss-agate ; agate exhibiting in its
sections the forms or figures of vegetable growths. 1697
Phil. Trans. X1X. 558 Dendranatome may, tho’ more
remotely, advance even the Practice of Physick, by the Dis-
covery of the Oeconomy of Plants. 1753 Cuampers Cycé.
Supp., Dendranatomy, aterm used by Malpighi and others
to express the dissection of the ligneous parts of trees and
shrubs, in order to the examining their structure and uses.
@ 1843 Soutney Doctor ccxv. VII. 168 He formed, therefore,
no system of dendranthropology. 1856 Cham). Frni. V1.
352 Are we not afflicted by dendroclastics? 1854 Owen in
e find not fewer than six leading
modifications in fishes. 1. Hard or true dentine. .5. Dendro-
dentine. 1891 T. J. Jeaxes in NV. & Q. 7th Ser. XII. 395 The
dendroheliophallic ‘Tree of Life’, probably. 18gx tr. De
i he impressions
which have given rise to dendrolatry. 1828 Wesster, Den-
drolite, a petrified or fossil shrub, plant, or part of a plant.
Dict. of Nat. Hist. 1865 Pace Handbk. Geol. Terms, Den-
drolite..a general term for any fossil stem, branch, or other
fragment of a tree, 1 Gentl, Mag. 552 An account of
the new invented Dendrometer. 1874 Knicut Dict, Mech.,
Dendrometer, an instrument for measuring the height and
diameter of trees, to estimate the cubic feet of timber therein.
It has means for taking vertical and horizontal angles, and
is mounted ona tripod stand. 1888 Pad/ Mall G. 21 Dec.
3/1 This is the statement of a wild dendrophil. 1886 Guit-
LemARD Cruise ‘Marchesa’ 11. 188 Dendrophilous plants , u
swarmed up the tree-trunks and shrouded them with their
1841-71 T. R. Jones Anim.
Kingd. (ed. 4) 88 The main trunks of the dependent polypi-
ferous root or stem unite above into a thick quadrate disk
(syndendrium), which is suspended by four stout pillars
(dendrostyles), one springing from each angle.
Dendrabe (dencr&eb). fad. wodl. Dendre-
dium, {. Gr. bévBpov tree + Bios life.] Anglicized
form of Dendrobium, name of a genus of iy alo
orchids, of which many species are cultivated for the
beauty of their flowers.
1882 Zhe Garden 7 Jan. 9/3 One word in praise of this old
and dear Dendrobe. 1891 /’al/ Mail G. 2 Nov. 3/2 The
discovery of what the Anglo-German importers call the
‘Elephant Moth Dendrobe’..the Dendrobium Phalenop-
sis Schréderianum,
Dendroclastic: see under DeNDRo-.
Dendroceel, -cele (de‘ndrosil), a. Zool. [f.
Denpro- + Gr, xoiAia the body-cavity, abdomen.]
Having a branched or arborescent intestine ; be-
longing to the division Dendrocala of Turbellarian
Worms. Also Dendroce‘lan, Dendroce ‘lous,
in same sense.
1869 Nicnotson Zool, xxiv. (1880) 242 The Nemerteans ..
make a near approach to the dendrocelous Planarians.
1877 Huxtey Anat. Inv, Anim. iv. 194 Sometimes a simple
sac..and occasionally branched, like that of the dendro-
coele ‘Turbellaria,
Dendrocolaptine (de:ndrokole-ptain, -in),
a. Ornith. [f. DENDRO- + oAdm7-ev to peck, etc.]
Belonging or allied to the genus of birds Dendro-
colaptes, or South American tree-creepers.
1892 W. H. Hupson La Plata 147 There is in La Plata
a small very common Dendrocolaptine bird —Anumdbius
acuticaudatus
Dendrodentine: see under DENDRO-,
Dendrodic (dendrg‘dik), a.
tree-like + -1c. Cf. also mod.L. Dendrodus.] Hav-
ing a branching or arborescent structure, as the teeth
vieg-1y R. Jaunson Char. Min. (ed. 3) 77. Steative and | of the agtheg Dendrodus of fossil fishes : see next.
Hi MACMILSAM) Trae Vane iiss | or tree-like tooth was, in at least the Old
1854 H. Miter Footpr. Creat. v. (187478 The dendrodic
ed Sandstone, a
characteristic of all the Celacanth family.
Dendrodont (de‘ndrodgnt), sb. anda. Palwont,
and Zool. [f. Denpro- + Gr, d5ovr- em
A. sb. A fish of the extinct fossil genus Dendro-
dus, characterized by teeth of dendritic structure,
(Cf. dendrodentine wnder DENDRO-.)
1849-52 Owen in Todd Cyc?. Anat. 1V. 1. 869 The seem-
ingly simple conical teeth of the extinct family of fishes
which I have called ‘Dendrodonts’. 1865 Pack Handbk,
Geol. Terms. z
B. adj. Having, or consisting of, teeth of den-
dritic internal structure,
1872 Nicnotson Palvont. 326 Dentition dendrodont. 1880
Guntuer Fishes 365 Dentition jont.
Dendrography, etc. : see under DENDRO-.
Dendroid (de'ndroid), a. [f. Gr. 5é5p-ov +
_R Parks & Gardens Paris (1878)
school of Dend here. 1875 lowten ties Che Te
137 The Acar sp fee ible of a high polish : ener
ear the woods of certain trees. 1884 Science
4 July 10 1 science has met with a great .. loss
in the death of Alphonse Lavallée.
Dendrometer, -phil, -style: see Denpro-.
Dene (din), sd.! Another spelling of Dean sé.2,
a (wooded) vale.
Dene (din), st.2 Also den, deine, deane. [Of
| uncertain derivation.
The sense seems to make it distinct from dene, Dean 2*
and suggests affinity to LG. dine (now also mod. Ger.),
E.Fris. and N.Fris. dine, diin, Du. duin, sand-hill on the
coast : F. dune in same sense. But its relationship to
these words is phonetically uncertain, and rendered more
so by the existence of the form den, Relationship to Ger.
tenne floor, perh. orig. ‘a flat’, has also been suggested; but
the history of the word does not go back far enough to admit
of any certain conclusion.)
1. A bare sandy tract by the sea ; a low sand-hill ;
as in the Denes north and south of Yarmouth, Dene-
side there, the Den at Exmouth, Teignmouth, etc.
a. in form den. $
1278 [see 2]. 1599 Nasne Lenten Stuffe (1871) 26 There
being aboue fiue thousand pounds worth of them at a time
nm her dens a sunning. 1776 Witnertnc Brit. Plants
(1796) IIT. 563 On the sandy den at ‘Teignmouth, plentiful.
1847 Hatuiwett, Den, a sandy tract near the sea, as at
Exmouth, and other places.
B. in form dene.
1816 Kreatince Trav. (181 es 7 Quitting Calais for St.
Omars,—the deines or cand ills .. in. Blackw.
Mag. Apr. 424/2 A ‘broad’.. separated from the sea by a
narrow strip of low sand-banks, and sandy downs or deanes
as they are there termed. 1855 Kincstey Westww. Ho ! xvi,
Mrs. Leigh. .watched the ship glide out between the yellow
denes. 1857 — 7wo Y. Ago 50 Great banks and denes of
shifting sand.
+2. Den and strand:
* Den .. is The Liberty the Ports Fishermen shall have to
beet or mend, and to dry their Nets at Great Yarmouth,
upon Marsh Lands there, yet called The Dennes, during ..
all the Herring Season. trond .. the Liberty the Fisher-
men have to come to the Key at Great Yarmouth, and
deliver their Herrings freely’ (Jeake). Ods.
1278 Charter Edw. I in Jeake Charters Cingue Ports
1728) 12 Et quod habeant Den & Strond, apu nam
ernemouth [frans/, in epee g Vay. (1598) 1. 117 that
they shall haue Denne and Strande at Great Yarmouth].
1331 Charter Edw. 11, ibid. 13 Nous .. voillouns qu'ils
ayount lour eysementz en Strande & Den saunz approprie-
ment del soil. — in Putiurps.
+ Dene, 54.8 Obs. A fictitious sb. made by
separating the adv. BEpENE, dydene ‘together,
straight on, straightway’ into de dene, by dene;
| whence, by =~ the preposition, with dene.
od
[f. Gr, Ber5pw5-ns —
¢1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Vincentius 328 As pai had sene It
pat el downe wes done with dene. ¢ St. Cuthbert
(Surtees) 7804 Nine 3ere .. And twa moneths, all’ be dene,
?¢1475 Sgr. lowe Degre 272 Take thy leue of kinge and
quene, And so to all the courte by dene. $
+ Dene, a. Obs. rare—'. [ad. L. dén-i.] Ten.
¢1420 Pallad. on Hush, 1. 587 Whenne the moone is daies
dene Of age is good, and til she be fiftene.
Dene, var. Dain sé., Den sé.2; obs. f. Dean},
and Diy.
+ Denegate, v. Obs. [f. ppl. stem of L. déne-
gare to deny.) To deny.
1623 in Cockeram. 1652 F. Kirkman Clerio & L. 124,
I cannot denegate any thing unto thee,
_ Denega’ (denfgét'fan), [a. F. dénégation
| (desn-), 1 c. in Hatzf., ad. L. dénegition-em, n.
of action from dénegire to pape
+1. Refusal to grant, denial of what is asked.
1489 [Vill of F. Welbeke (Somerset Ho.), Withouten an’
delay fraude denegacion or troble. 148 Haut Chron, (1809)
849 Denegacion of Tustice. ad 1Gcs New Disp. ? 273
A denegation of that, to which hath had a strong op-
tation.
2. Denial, contradiction.
1831 Soutuey in Q. Rev. XLV. 199 The base and beaten
h of denegation. Srevenson Master of B. vi.
rt ht to interrupt him with some eet tery ieee
-o: cf. Gr. Ser3ph5ns, contr. from derdpoedys.] ee ane i conte Mend oes Dele i io tensle
Of the form of a tree; dendritic, t. gatory assertion 25g A tory deaaradine: a:
1846 Dana Zoofh. (1848) 544 A dendroid imen in the laration denying the fact charged in the accusation.
i collections Of Peale's iidseum. 1869 Nicnotson Zool. | + Deneger. Obs. = DENIER.
10) roid, or t ike, corals, i +
ndroi-dal, a. [f. as prec. + -Au.] =prec. Bsa pe abe Sa nr » but perch. intentionally. £
1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII. 372/2 (Corals) Polyparium den- 1583 Sruppes Anat, Abus. 1, (1879) 115 An infidell, and a
droidal, dichotomous, 1592 — abe Wks. (1593) 117
Dendrolatry, -lite: sce under DenpRo-.
Dendrology (dendrplédzi). [f. Denpro- +
Gr. -Aoya discourse, -LoGy.] The study of trees ;
the department of botany which treats of trees. So
Dendrolo'gic, Dendrolo‘gical, Dendro‘logous
adjs.,/belonging to dendrology; Dendrologist, one
versed in dendrology, a professed student of tregs.
1708 Kersey, ogy, a Treatise, or Discourse of Trees,
1825 P.W. Watson Dendrot. Brit. Introd, 1 That no person
See ae i Is, denegers of the faith,
eat in! ’
Dene- Dane-hole (din-, dén,hdul).
name pete Gee In
various parts of the country, Sg ape Ae D oon
DENEREL.
where ; but if so, it may possibly represent a ME, Dene-
hole :—-OE. Dena-hol, Danes’ hole (cf. OE. Dena-lagu,
ME. Dene-lawe, mod. Danes’ law, Dane-law), or it may
be merely a local pronunciation. But it has suggested to
recent writers connexion with Dene sé.!, or with other of
the sbs. so spelt, or with Den (which is phonetically im-
possible) ; and either on this account, or because it does not
countenance any theory about the Danes, it has been gener-
ally adopted by the archeologists who have investigated
these holes since ¢ 1850. Some have very reprehensibly
shortened the name dene-hole into dene, conformably to their
erroneous conjectures as to its connexion with dene and den.]
The name applied to a class of ancient excava-
tions, found chiefly in Essex and Kent in England,
and in the Valley of the Somme in France, consist-
ing of a narrow cylindrical shaft sunk through the
superincumbent strata to the chalk, often at a depth
of 60 or 80 feet, and there widening out horizontally
into one or more chambers, ‘Theirage and purpose
have been the theme of much discussion.
They are mentioned (but not named) by Lambarde 1570,
by Camden 1605 as puter, in Plot’s Oxfordshire, 1705, as
‘the Gold-mine of Cunobeline, in Essex’, and described in
a letter from Derham to Ray 17 Feb. 1706. For later history
see Mr. Spurrell’s paper cited below, and vans. Essex
Field Club, 1883 111. 48, Fournad xxviii, lvi.
1768 Morant //is¢, Essex I, 228 [he Dane-holes at Grays]
The Danes are vulgarly reported to have used them as
receptacles or hiding-places for the plunder and booty
which they took from the adjoining inhabitants during
their frequent piracies and descents upon this island,
and hence they have been styled Dane or Dene holes.
1818 Cambrian Reg. II. 31 The controversy relative to
the original intention of the Deneholes. 1863 A/aray's
Handbk. Kent & Sussex (ed. 2) 16 Vhey are here called
* Daneholes’ or ‘Cunobeline’s Gold Mines’, /d/d. 20 Ina
chalk-pit near the village of E, Tilbury are numerous exca-
vations called Danes’ Holes .. Similar excavations .. exist
in the chalk and tufa on either bank of the Somme... The
tradition still asserts that these caverns were used for retreat
and concealment in time of war, whence their ordinary name
Les souterrains des guerres. xt R. Megson in Palin
Stifford & its Neighbourhood 4: The Dane-holes as they
are called by the country people. 1881 F.C. J. SpurreLL
in Archevol. Frail. (title), On Deneholesand Artificial Caves
with Vertical Entrances. 1883 Trans. Essex Field Cinb
IIL. Jrnl. 17 June 1882, An account of the Club's first visit
to the ‘Denes’ in Hangman’s Wood. 1887 T’. V. Hoimes
in Essex Naturalist 1. 225 (title) Report on the Denehole
Exploration at Hangman’s Wood, Grays, 1884-1887. 1891
Proc. Soc, Antig. 5 Feb. 245 On the discovery of a dene-hole
containing Roman remains at Plumstead.
Denelage, -lawe: sce DANE-Law.
Dener, -e, obs. form of INNER, DENIER.
|| Denerel. [OF. (13th c. in Godef.) ; in form
dim, of dener, denter.} A measure of capacity in
Guernsey : see quot.
1862 AnsteD Channel Isl. 1. App. A (ed. 2) 567 In
Guernsey the denered or dundrel is the common small unit
of dry measure. Three denerels..make one cabot; two
cabots or six denerels, one bushel. :
+ Denerva‘tion. 00s. rare. [f. Dr- I. 1 +
L. nervus string, etc., as if f. a verb *dénervare
to tie down with a string.] A marking or groove,
such as is produced by a string tied round.
1657 Tomiinson Rexou's Disp. 469 Worms .. are like ob-
long fibres whose parts are not discriminated, save by some
.. denervations.
Dengerous, obs. form of DANGEROUS.
Dengue (den‘ge). Also dengue-fever, denga,
[Immediately, a, West Indian Spanish dengue ;
ultimately, according to Dr. Christie, in Glasgow
Med. Jrni. Sept. 1881, a Swahili word, the full
name of the disease in Zanzibar being ka dinga
pepo (ka partitive article, ‘a,a kind of’, dinga,
dyenga, denga, ‘sudden cramp-like seizure’, pepo
“evil spirit, plague’). On its introduction to the
West Indies from Africa in 1827, the name was, in
Cuba, popularly identified with the Spanish word
dengue ‘fastidiousness, prudery’. In this form it
was subsequently adopted in the United States, and
eventually in general English use.
In the British West Indies, called by the Negroes dandy.
Both names appear to be popular adaptations, of the
oy w-grass ’ type, of the Swahili name, with a mockin
reference to the stiffness of the neck and shoulders, an
dread of motion, exhibited by the patients; whence also
another name of ridicule, the ‘Giraffe ’—See Danpy 2]
An infectious eruptive fever, commencing sud-
denly, and characterized by excruciating pains,
especially in the joints, with great prostration and
debility, but seldom proving fatal; it is epidemic
and sporadic in East Africa and the countries sur-
rounding the Indian Ocean, and (since 1827) in the
West Indies and adjacent parts of America, Also
called Dandy, and Break-bone fever.
(The name has apparently been sometimes given in error
to other epidemic fevers.)
1847 in Craic. 1854-60 Mayne Expos. Lex., Dengue,
name for a fever which prevailed in leston, summer
of 1850.. Also called .. the Break-bone fever. 1866 Har.
vard Mem. Biog. 1. 37 Having had a severe attack of
dengue or break-bone fever. 188x Dr, Curistie Dengue
Fever in Glasgow Med. Frni. Sept. 165 Three epidemics of
dengue are oa as having occurred within the eastern
hemisphere, the first during the years 1779-84, the second
from 1823 to 1829, and the third from 1870 to 1875. Jdid.
165 In 1870 the older inhabitants [of Zanzibar] recognized
the disease us one which had been epidemic about 48.. years
Vot, III,
193
before, and they gave to it the former designation ka-dinga-
pepo, the name under which I described it in my first com-
munication. /déd. 169 Denga was prevalent in Zanzibar in
1823. 1885 7%ses 4 Dec. 13 What connexion there may be
between the troncasa or dengue fever and the recent invasion
of cholera [at Gibraltar]. :
Deniable (d/naiab'l’, a. [f. Deny v. + -aBLr.]
That can be denied.
1548 Gest Py. Masse 98 This is denyable. 1672 PENN
Spirit Truth Vind. 27 Vhe first Proposition is purely Scrip-
tural, and therefore the consequent not deniable. 1760
Law Spirit of Prayer ut. 49 A maxim that is not deniable.
1865 E. Lucas in Manning /ss. Relig. §& Lit. 354 It is not
deniable that even the inferior officers in an army .. have
certain rights.
Denial (dinai-al). [f. Deny v.+-an ID. 5.]
1. The act of saying ‘no’ to a request or to a
person who makes a request; refusal of anything
asked for or desired.
1528 Garpiner in Pocock Rec. Ref I. li. 122 To colour the
denial of the king's purpose. 1548 Upatt, etc. “rasm. ar.
Matt, xv.(R.), The woman was not weryed with so many
repulses and denyals. 1596 Suaks. Zia. Shou. i. 28t
Neuer make deniall ; I must and will haue Katherine to my
wife. 1631 GouGr God's Arrows iv, § 8, 385 Torture .. De-
niall of buriall, and other externall crosses. 1736 BuTLeR
Anal, 1. Vv. 136 Resolution, and the denial of our passions.
1806-7 J. Beresrorp Aliseries Hum, Life (1826) u. xl, Pe-
remptory orders of denial to all comers whomsoever. 1847
Tennyson Princess v, 324 Vo learn if Ida yet would cede
our claim, Or by denial flush her babbling wells With her
own peoples life.
= SELF-DENIAL.
1828 Wesster s.v., A denial of one's sed, is a declining of
some gratification ; restraint of one’s appetites or propen-
sities. 1873 Miss J. E. A. Brown Vhoughts thro’ Year 78
‘Lhe denials of obedience,
2. The asserting (of anything) to be untrue or
untenable; contradiction of a statement or allega-
tion as untrue or invalid; also, the denying of the
existence or reality of a thing.
1576 Fieminc Panopl. fist. 107 Cicero laboureth in his
owne purgation, and.that any such thing was of him com-
mitted, maketh flat denyall.
1841 Myrrs Cath,
: Ms Rds RRA
ficulties, or the ignoring of them.
1845 WHATELY Logic in Eucycl. Metrop. 197/1 The denial
of the suppressed premiss .. will at once invalidate the argu-
ment. 1875 Jowett /’Zato (ed. 2) IV. 134 ‘Vhe denial of
abstract ideas is the destruction of the mind.
3. Refusal to acknowledge a person or thing as
having a certain character or certain claims; a dis-
owning, disavowal.
1590 N.T.(L. Tomson) AZa/t. xxvi. heading, Peters deniall.
165t Hospes Leviath. u. xxvii. 158 All Crimes that contain
not in them adenyall of the Soveraign Power, a 1716 Sourn
(J.', Those are the proper scenes, in which we act our
confessions or denials of him.
Law, +a. =DENIER?: see quot.; b. The
opposing by the defendant or accused party of a
plea, claim, or charge advanced against him.
1628 Coke Ox Litt, 161 b, Deniall is a disseisin of a Rent
Charge, as well as ofa Rent secke. 1728 Youn Love Fame
vii, Ev’n denials cost us dear at court. 1828 Scort /*. A/,
Perth xx, Of course the charge will be rebutted bya denial.
1861 W. Bece Dict, Law Scot, s.y., Denial in law imports
no more than not confessing. It does not amount to a posi-
tive assertion of the falsehood of that which is denied.
5. dial. A drawback, disadvantage, detriment,
hindrance.
1736 Peccr Henticisms, A denial toa farm; i.e. a pre-
judice, a drawback, hindrance, or detriment. 1876 .S.
Warwicksh, Gloss., Denial, hindrance, drawback. ‘It's
a great denial to him to be shut up in the house so long.’
1883 Hawipshire Gloss., Denial, an encumbrance. ‘ His
children be a great denial to ‘un.’ Also in Glossaries of
Worcestersh., Gloucestersh., Surrey, Sussex, L
Shropshire, Cheshire.
Deni‘ance. Ovs. [f. Deny v..+ -ance: cf.
OF. denotance, {. denoier, var. of denter to DENY.]
Denial.
1548 Hatt Chron, 244 Either for the affirmaunce or de-
niance of the same, 1568 Grarron Chron. II. 749.
Denied (dinai-d), ppl. a. [f. Deny v. +,-ED.]
Said not to be true or not to exist ; refused.
1859 SaLa Tw. vound Clock (1861) 281 Dying of that com-
mon, but denied disease, a broken heart.
Hence Denie-dness, the quality of being denied ;
+ self-denial (ods.). .
1671 True Non-conf. 357 Their deniedness unto all things,
their absolute resignation unto. .God.
Denier ! (d/noi-a1). [f. Deny v.+-ER1.] One
who denies (in various senses of the verb).
¢ 1400 Afol. Loll. 99 And 3et pey deny to men pe under-
stonding of pe gospel .. bei wel bi deniers [A7inted deneris].
153° PatsGr. 212/2 Denyer of a thynge, escondisseur. 1558
nox First Blast (Arb.) 46 Deniers of Christ Iesus. 1660
Jer. Taytor Duct, Dubdit. 1. ii. rule iii. § 12 He must be
a despiser of the world, a t denier of himself. 1741
Warsurton Div, Legat. 11. Ded. 23 The Deniers of a
sens State, 1876 Bancrorr Hist. U. S. VI. xxvi. 33 One
~state disfranchised Jews. .another deniers of the Trinity.
+ Denier?. Law. Obs. [a. F. dénier pres. inf.,
taken subst.: cf. dzsclaimer, and see -ER4.] The
act of denying or refusing.
By Act 24 Hen. VIII, c. 6 ny Sa the kynges subiectes,
to whom an danyee of sale..shall be made, 1628 Coke Ox
Litt. 153 b, Without a demand there be no denier of the rent
in law. 1642 J. M. Argt. conc. Militia 24 This in effect
was a denier of justice,
etcester,
DENIGRATION.
Denier® (d/nies, ||\danye"). Obs. or arch. Forms:
5-7 denere, 6 Sc. deneir, 6-7 deneere, 7 deneer,
-eare, -ire, -iere, dinneere, 6- denier. See also
Denar. [a. OF. dener, later denier (=Pr. dener,
denier, dinier, Cat. diner, Sp. dinero, Pg. dinhetro,
It. denaro, danaro) :—L, déndrium : see DENARIUS.
The form deneer(e (cf. musketeer, etc.) prevailed
about 1600. ]
1. A French coin, the twelfth of the sou; origin-
ally, like the Roman denarius and English penny,
of silver; but from 16th c. a small copper coin.
Hence (esp. in negative phrases) used as the type
of a very small sum.
Originally, from reign of Charlemagne till 12th c., a silver
coin of about 22 ‘Troy grains or rather less than a penny-
weight ; from the 13th c, to the reign of Chas. IX (d. 1574,
usually of Lillon or base silver (dente fourno/s', and weigh-
ing at different times from 10 to 14 gr.; under Henry III
(1574-89) it became a copper coin of about 22 gr. (less than §
of the current bronze farthing), and so continued till the
death of Louis XIV. (B.V. Head.)
¢1425 Wyntoun Cron. vi. v. 60 ‘To be kyrk ilka yhere Of
Rome he heycht a denere ‘To pay (a penny pat is to say).
1580 H. Girrorp Gilloffowers (1875) 132 And in his purse,
to serue his neede, Not one deneere he had. 1594 Snaks.
Rich. 111, 1. ii. 252 My Dukedome toa Beggerly denier!
Ido mistake my person all this while, 1607 WaLkINGTON
Opt. Glass 45 Vhen liue in wealth and giue not a dinneere.
161r Corcr., Denier a penny, a deneere ; a small copper
coin valued at the tenth part of an English pennie 3; also,
a pennie-weight, or 24 grains. a 1670 Hacker 4 bf. Widdians
1, (1692) 104 The Lord ‘lreasurer, I know well, had. .not
drawn a denier out of the King's purse. 1706 Puitcirs (ed.
Kersey), Vener, a French Brass-Coin, worth three ‘lenths
of an English Farthing, of which ‘'welve make a Sols. Also
a Penny-weight in Silver; thus an Ounce of Silver. .is of
24 Deniers. 1873 Hate /x His Name vi. 55 A slave whom
I have bought with my deniers. 1876 Brown Pacchia-
rotto 79 Let the blind mole mine Digging out deniers !
+2. Used to translate Lat. déndrtus: sce Dr-
NARIUS I. Ods. :
1598 GRENEWEY Zacitus’ Ana. 1. Vv. (1622) 9 The Pretorian
bands, which receiued two deniers a 1606 Hoiianp
Sueton. 66 Gallus his scribe, had receiued 500 deniers.
+3. A pennyweight; =DeENaRiUs 3. Obs.
1601 Hoitanp Pliny WL. 79 ‘Vake of wild running Thyme
the weight of two deniers..Ervil floure twelue deniers or
drams. @ 1656 Ussher Avs, (16 zg Counting here, as
his manner everywhere is, a deneere, for a drachma. 1706
[see 1].
Denigrate (denigre't ,v. Nowvarve. -[f. ppl.
stem of L. denigrare to blacken, f. Dr- I. 3 +
nigrare to blacken, f. 2@ger, nigr-, black ; cf. F.
dénigrer (14th c. in Hatzf.). Apparently disused
in 18th c., and revived in 19th c.]
1. trans. To blacken, make black or dark. /¢.
1623 CockErAM, Denigrate, to make blacke. 1646 Sir T.
Browne send, EP, vi.xii. 336 The fuliginous and denigrating
humor. 1657 ‘Tomiinson Nenon's Disp. 191 ‘Vhis Lotion will
denigrate the hairs of hoary heads. 1726 Ayiirrr /’arerxgon
231 Drunkenness. .denigrates the Colour of the Body. 1849
Cor, WiskMan . (1853) IT. 603 How the north wind
should alw drive a down-draught, with its denigrating
consequences, into the drawing-room. 1857 J. Raine A/em.
F. Hodgson 1. 89 note, ‘Vhe..smoke of pits and manu-
factories, with. .a..dash of denigrated fog from the river.
2. fig. ‘To blacken, sully, or stain (character or
reputation) ; to blacken the reputation of (a person,
etc.) ; to defame.
1526 Pilger. Perf. \W. de W. 1531) 93 To mynysshe, deny-
grate, or derke his good name or fame. 1656 T'rRare Com,
Mark i. 24 This he spake, not to honour Christ, but to deni-
grate him, 1665 Boyie Occas. Nef. mi. v. (1845) 41 [They]
do. .so denigrate the Reputation of them that oppose them.
1871 Mortey Voltaire (1886) 352 Napoleon. . paying writers
for years to denigrate the memory of Voltaire, whose very
name he abhorred. 1889 PLumprre in Antiguary Apr.
146/2 The character he is at such pains to denigrate.
+b. To darken mentally, obscure. Ods. rare.
1583 Sruspes Anat, Adus, (1877) 78 These. .smells..do
rather denigrate, darken, and obscure the spirit and
sences.
Hence De‘nigrated ///.a., De‘nigrating ///. a.
1646, 1849, 1857 [see 1].
Deni q Nowvare. [ad.
enigration (denigréi-{an).
L. denigration-em, n, of action from dénigrare : so
in OF, (14-16th c.). As to use, see prec.]
1. The action of blackening, or process of becom-
ing black (literally).
1646 Sir T. Browne Psexud. Ef. vi. xii. 336 These are the
advenient and artificiall wayes of denigration .. These are
the waies wherby culinary and common fires doe operate.
a x691 Boye Wks, I. 714 (R.) In these several instances of
denigration, the metals are worn off. i
2. fig. Blackening of character, defamation.
1868 He_rs Realmah xvii, I should not care so much about
this denigration, if there were not always people ready to
repeat to the person blackened all the dark and unpleasant
things which others have said about him or her. 1884 C. E.
Prumptre G. Bruno 11. 135 The denigration of those right-
fully held in esteem for their learning and virtue.
+b. A stain, a dark spot. Ods. rare.
164 J. Jackson 7yue Evang. T. 1. 149, Let [this] be the
denigration, and such a spot in the. .Turkish religion, as no
Fullers sope can wash out,
4] In the following (with a hyphen) app. used for
‘ unblackening, whitewashing’, [See Dr- II. 1.]
1868 J. H. Biunr Ref Ch. Eng. 1. 290 A fallen angel
whose de-nigration is beyond the power of an impartial
historian,
25*
DENIGRATOR.
Denigra
tor (denigre'tar). [agent-n. in L.
form from dénigradre to DENIGRATE : see -OR.]
1 Spegae that blackens.
Sir T. Browne Psend. Ef. v1. xii. 13 Iron
au itriol are the powerful he linet eh es
2. One who blackens another’s character or re-
putation,
He crs Soc. Press. xii. 156 The denigrator had in
view the abundant malice and envy of mankind. 1882
Remin. old Bohemian (1883) 40 Most of his denigrators and
assailers.
Denigrature. rave—°. = DENIGRATION,
1727 Baiey vol. Il, Denigrature, a making black.
Denim (dini‘m, denim). [Shortened from serge
de Nim, ¥. serge de Nimes or Nismes, serge of
Nismes (a manufacturing town of Southern France).
See Savary des Bruslons, Dict. gén. de Commerce
(Geneva 1742), ‘serges et cadis de Nimes’. Cf.
DeLainE.] A name originally given to a kind of |
serge ; now in U.S. to a coloured twilled cotton
material used largely for overalls, hangings, etc.
1695 E. Hatron Merchant's Mag. 159, 18 Serge Denims |
that cost 6/7. each. 1703 Lond. Gas. No. 3885/4 A pair of
Flower’d Serge de Nim Breeches. 1864 Wesster, Denii,
a coarse cotton drilling used for overalls, etc. 1868 M/odcle
Daily Tribune 4 Nov. 4/6 Dry Goods .. Blue Denims ..
Brown Denims. 1875 Miss Biro Savdwich /s/. (1880) 79 She
wears. .a scanty, loose frock of blue denim down to her knees.
Denitrate (d/noaitre't), v. [De- II. 1.) trans.
To free from nitric or nitrous acid.
1863 Ricnarpson & Watts Chem. Technol. 1. ut. i. 94
A limited quantity of sulphurous acid passed upwards to
denitrate the acid. 1893 Brit, Frnt. Photog. XL. 797 Gun-
cotton. .loses its solubility as it becomes Menicatel:
Hence Deni'trated ///. a., Denitrating ///. a.
and vé/. sb.; also, Denitra‘tion, the process of
denitrating ; Deni‘trator, an apparatus for deni-
tration.
1863 Ricnarpson & Watts Chem. Technol. 1. ui. i. 89
A close reservoir..placed..above the denitrating column.
/bid. 93 The denitration was then attempted, 1873 Chemical
News XXVIII. 135 There are two methods..on the Tyne
for the denitration of the nitro-sulphurie acid: the Glover
towers and denitration by steam. 1880 Lomas Alkad
Trade 73 The framework of the denitrator is formed of 10 in.
square timber, ee
enitrify ((/nai'trifai), 7. [De- 11. 1.) rans.
To deprive of nitrous or hyponitric acid. Tence
Deni‘trified #//. a., Deni-trifying v//. sb. and
ppl.a.; Deni'trifier,a denitrifying agent; Deni:-
trifica'tor, an apparatus used in sulphuric acid
works to remove the nitrous vapours (nitrous or
hyponitric acids) from the sulphuric acid previously
‘nitrated’ in the Gay Lussac tower.
1891 G. Luncr Manuf. Sulphuric Acid 1. 562 Another
apparatus, constructed on the same -principle .. is the
‘ Denitrificateur’ proposed by Gay-Lussac himself. 1892 W.
Crookes Wagner's Chem. Technol. 266 Gay-Lussac’s
denitrificator consists of a tower of sheet lead. /é7d. 272 The
excess of sulphuric acid acts here at the wrong place as
adenitrifier. /4/. 266 [This] conveys it into the denitrify-
ing apparatus.
enitrize (d/nai‘traiz), 7. [Dr- II. 1.) =pree.
Hence Deni‘trizing 7//. s/. and ff/. a.
1892 W. Crookes Wirencr's Chem. Technol. 267 Passing
out denitrised at the bottom of the tower. /é/d., The deni-
trising apparatus devised by J. Glover of Wallsend. .used
under the name of the Glover tower.
+ Denizate, v7. Law. Obs. [f. ppl. stem of
med. (Anglo-)L. denisdre: see DENIZE v.] frans.
To constitute a denizen.
1604 in Spottiswood //ist. Ch. Scot. vu. (1677) 485 His
Majesties Prerogative Royal to denizate, enable and prefer
to such offices.
enfranchised or denizated by letters patent.
Denization (denizé'fan). Law. [a. Anglo-F.
denization (Littleton /ns¢.), n. of action from Der-
NIZE v.: in 16-17th c. = denizatio (Du
Cange).] The action of making a person a deni-
zen, or condition of being made a denizen.
1601 Act 43 Eliz. c. iii, An Act for the Denization of
William Myllet. 1697 Evetyn Namism. vi. 203 What
famous Cities had Privilege of Roman denization. 1755
Carte Hist. Eng. 1V. 327 He..gave all the Scots in Ulster,
born before the death of Q. Elizabeth, the privilege of
denization. 1868 E, Epwarps ae L. i. 13 A merchant
- Genoa, who had Letters Patent of denization from King
enry.
+ Denize, v. Ods. [f. Deniz-en, by dropping
the termination: probably representing an AFr.
denizer; in med.(Anglo-)L, denizére.]
1. “rans. To make (a person) a denizen.
1577 Hanmer Anc. Lect. Hist. (1619) 240 Which things
when this free denized Cubricus had gotten. 1579 J. Srcnpes
Gaping Gulf Cj, If he be not denized, the laws can not
abide him to be mayster of one foot of 1602
Carew Cornwall 65a, Sundry of those now inhabiting are
lately denized Cornish. — J. Cuampertayne St. Gs.
Brit. ut. v. (1743) 181 a foreign Lady .. marry an
English man and she herself be not denized, she is barred
all privileges and Titles due to her husband.
2. fig. To admit into recognized use (as a word,
a custom, etc.); to naturalize.
1877-87 Hounsuev Chron. v. 11. 10/2 The Irish lan e
was free dennized in the English pale. 1594 PLat Jewedl-ho.,
Diverse New bar, te 6 This secrete is as yet merely
French, but it had beene long since either denized or made
English if, etc.
1628 Coxe On Litt. 129 a, An alien that is
194
Denizen (de‘nizén), sb. and a. Forms: 3
deynseyn, -seen, deinseyn, deynesin, 5
denesyn, -zen, denysen, -zen, 6 denezan, deni-
sine, denysyn, -cen, 6-7 denisen, -zin, 6-8
denison, -zon, 7 -zan, denizen. [a. AF.
deinzein, denzein, denszein = OF. deinzein, f. AF.
deinz, denz, dens, mod.F. dans (:—L. dé intus)
within + -e77:—L. -dneus: cf. foreign, forein, L.
Soraneus.}
1. A person who dwells within a country, as op-
posed to foreigners who Gwell outside its limits.
(In this, the original sense, including and mainly
consisting of cztzzens.) Now rare in Ut. sense.
14.. Chalmerlain Ayr iii. (Sc. Stat. 1), Alswel forreyns as
deynseens [tam inhabitantes quam forinseci).. 1488-9 Act
4 Hen. V/I, c. 23 Coin. .conveied into Flaundres..as well
by merchauntes straungers as by deynesins. 1628 Coxe
On Litt, 129 a, He that is born within the king’s liegeance
is called sometime a denizen, quasi deins nee, born within.
..But many times dexzen is taken for an alien born that is
infranchised or denizated by letters patent. 1655 GURNALL
Chr. in Arm. 1. 53 The Charter of London..is the birth-
right of its own Denisions, not Strangers. 1664 Pennsyle.
Archives 1. 25 All people shall continue free denizens and
enjoy their lands. tr. Rollin’s Anc. Hist. 1. x. 388 To
be a natural denizen of Athens it was necessary to be born
of a father and mother both free and Athenians. 1841 JAMES
Brigand i, The towns of that age and their laborious
denizens, 1847 Lyrron Lucretia 374 The squalid, ill-
favoured denizens, lounging before the doors.
b. ¢ransf. and fig. An inhabitant, indweller, oc-
cupant (ofa place, region, etc.). Used of persons,
animals, and plants: chiefly poelic or rhetorical,
1474 Caxton Chesse u. iii. Ciij, We be not deynseyns in
the world but straungers, nor we ben not born in the
world for to dwelle and abyde alwey therin, but for to
goo and passe thrugh hit. a1grr Ken Hymns Evang.
Poet. Wks. 1721 1. 11 Bless’d Denizon of Light {an angel].
1712-4 Pork Rape Lock u. 55 He summons strait his
Denizens of air. 1816 Scorr Antig. viii, Winged denizens
of the crag. 1860 Maury Phys. Geog. Sea xix. § 806 As if
the old denizens of the forest had been felled with an axe.
2. By restriction: One who lives habitually in a
country but is not a native-born citizen ; a foreigner
admitted to residence and certain rights in a coun-
try; in the law of Great Britain, an alien admitted
to citizenship by royal letters patent, but incapable
of inheriting, or holding any public office.
(1467 in ng. Gilds (1870) 391 Eny citizen or denysen, /¢id.
303 Yf eny citezen denesyn or foreyn departe out of the seid
cite.) 1576 FLeminG Panopl, Epist.151 Cassar had made many
that came from Gallia transalpina, free denizens in Rome.
1667 I. CuAmpertayne St. Gt, Brit. 1. (1684) 81 The King
by his Prerogative hath Power to Enfranchise an Alien,
and make him a Denison. 1719 W. Woov Surv. Trade 135
In our Colonies. .all Foreigners may be made Denizons for
an inconsiderable Charge. 1765 BLackstone Comm. 1. 374
A Denizen is an alien born, but who has obtained ex
donatione regis \etters patent to make him an English
subject. 1830 D'Isrartt Chas. /, ILL. vi. 94 Charles seemed
ambitious of making English denizens of every man of
genius in Europe, 1873 Dixon 7700 Queens 1. ut, iii. 133
Carmeliano, who had become a denizen, was his Latin
secretary.
b. fg. One admitted to, or made free of, the
privileges of a particular society or fellowship ; one
who, though not a native, is at home in any region.
1548 Upatt, ete, Erasm. Par, Matt. v. 36 For they be
made denisens in heauen. a 1653 Gouce Comm, Heb, xi. 21
ut. (1655) 88 Naturalized by Ilacob, and made free Denisons
of the Church. 1857 H. Reso Lect. Eng. Poets IL. xiv, 185
He was a denizen of ocean and of lake, of Alpine regions,
and of Greek and Italian plains. ;
¢. Used of things: e.g. of foreign words natural-
ized ina language, etc. In Wat. Hist., A plant or
animal believed to have been originally introduced
by human agency into a country or district, but
which now maintains itself there as if native, with-
out the direct aid of man; cf. CoLONIst 2.
5 Lyte Dodoens vy. Wiii. 623 Tarragon..was allowed
a nizon in England long before the time of Ruelius
writing. a1626 Br. Anprewes Serm. vi. (1661) 148 The
word Si ypociies is neither — nor Latin, but as a
Denison. 1878 Hooxer Stud. Flora Pref. 7 To the doubt-
fully indigenous species I have added Watson's opinion as
to whether they are ‘colonists’ or ‘denizens’. Mod. Meli-
lotus officinalis is widely diffused in Great Britain, but is
probably only a denizen,
. B. adj. or attrib.
Acti Rich. 111,¢.9§1 All h of the naci
of Italie..not made deinseyn. 1§09-10 Act 1 Hen, VII
c. 20 § 1 Merchaundises of every merchaunt denyseyn
and alien. 1580 Hottysann 7reas. Fr. Tong, Hobeine..
the right which the prince hath vpon the goods of a
stranger, not Denizen, 1613 Sir H. Fixcu ion 41
The wife is of the same condition with her hv
Franck if he be free, Denison if he be an Englishman,
though she were a nief before, or an alien borne, 1766
Enricx London IV, 377 This house was. .accounted a priory
alien till the year 1380, when Richard II. .made it denizen.
Denizen (de‘nizén), v. [f. prec. sb.] ,
1. “rans. To make a denizen ; to admit (an alien)
to residence and rights of citizenship ; to naturalize.
— Sig.
1577 3. Goocr Heresbach's Husb. Ep, to Rdr. (xs86) 3
They [trees, etc.] may in short time be so al
made acquainted with our soile, as they will prosper [etc. }.
@163t Donne Serm, xxxviii. 364 Can in an instant denizen
and naturalize that Soule that was an alien to the Covenant.
1636 Heywoop Chadlenge 11. Wks. 1874 V. 21 To have you
DENOMINATE.
denison'd in Spaine. @1711 Ken Hymmar. Poet. Wks. 1
IL. 132 These wnight bee Somnad<; Deskata'd hw Seas
good Days to see. 1832 Sourney Leff. (1856) IV. 298 The
cholera whet denny It is denizened among us.
1868 Lowe. Dryden Pr. Wks. (1890) I11. 130 note, So few
has long been denizened.
2. To furnish with denizens; to “people with
settlers from another country or district. rare.
Hence De‘nizened f//. a.
1556 Sik J. Cueke Let. to T. Hoby in Ascham's Scholem.
Introd. (Arb.) 5 If the old deni d des could
and ease this neede we wold not boldly venture of ynknown
wordes, 1607 Cuarman Bussy D’ Amébois Plays 1873 11. 19
Some new denizond Lord.
Denizenship. [f. Denizen sé. + -snp.]
The position or status of a denizen.
1603 Fiorio Montaigne mi. ix. (1632) 564 An authenticke
Bull, charter or patent of Gedeubip or borg ip of
Rome. 1807 W. Taytor in Ann, Rev. V. 568 The conces-
sion of denizenship. 1871 Ath 4 Feb. 137 Denizenship
is a mongrel state, not worth preserving when the process
of obtaining lization is so simpl
Dennar, -er, obs. forms of DINNER.
Denne, obs. form of Din vz.
Dennet (de'nét). [Supposed to be from the
Eng. surname Dennet.] A light open two-wheeled
carriage akin to a gig; fashionable in England
¢ 1818-1830.
1818 Sforting Mag. 11. 193 The Dandies of our days. . Are
wont to bask in fashion's blaze, In Tilbury or Dennet. 1826
Hull Advertiser 9 June 1/2 To be sold, a handsome light
Dennet, calculated for a horse or poney. 3 Lever
93. Hinton xvi, A certain gig and horse, popularly known
in this city as the discount dennet.
Denning : see Den v.!
Denny (de‘ni), 2. Obs. or rare. [f. DEN 5.1 +
-Y.] a. Having or abounding in dens, cavities, or
hollows. b. Of the nature of a den.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R.v. xxxvi. (1495) 148 The herte
is denny and holowe. 1656 W. D, tr. Comenius’ Gate Lat.
Un. » 164 Hiding themselves in denny places and holes, as
wilde beasts.
Denominable (dingminab'l), a. [f. L. dénd-
mina-re to denominate + -BLE.] That may be de-
nominated or named.
1658 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ff. (ed. 4) tv. iii. 182 Inflam-
mation .. denominable from other humours, according to
the predominancy of melancholy, flegme, or choler. 1818
JentTHam Ch, Eng. Introd. 165 The so often mentioned,
and no otherwise denominable, T. ‘Il. Walmsley, Sec.
Deno'minant, s). rare. [ad. L. déndminant-
em, pr. pple. of dendminare: see next.) = DENO-
MINATOR 3. 1889 in Cent. Dict.
Denominate (d/ngmin¢t), pf/. a. and sé, [ad.
L. denominat-us, pa. pple. of déndminare.]
A. pa. pple. Named, called, denominated. Os.
or arch.
1579 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 63 By what name or
names, title or titles .. they .. may be , termid .. or
denominate. 1665 Sir T. Hersert 7vav. (1677) 43 Whether
Gusurat. . be denominate from Gezurat, which in the Arabick
signifies an Isle. 1689 tr. Buchanan's De Fure Regni wo it
is no great matter how it be denominate. 1814 SoutHey
Roderick xviii, The walls of Salduba .. by Rome Czesarian
and August di inate, Now 2
+ B. adj. Arith. Said of a number when used
adjectivally with the name of the kind of unit
treated of (= CONCRETE a. 4); be a to abstract,
1579 Dicces Stratiot, 33 These kinds of concrete or De-
nominate numbers. Jeaxe Arith, (1696) 207 Abstract
and. .denominate Num
C. sb.
+1. That which something is called; a name,
denomination, appellation. Oés.
1638 Six T. Hersert 7rav. (ed. 2)
into other denominats, as Roderigo ;
the Hollanders, Mauritius.
+2. Gram. A word derived from another word,
esp. from a noun; a denominative. Obs.
1628 T. Srencer Logick 142 Aristotle .. thus .. writeth;
Those [words] are called denominates, which haue the ap-
pellation of a name from some other..as from Grammar,
man is called a Grammarian. 1654 Hammonp Answ.
Animado, Ignat, ii. § 1. 34 The nature of the word being
a i a yong man, i ’
3 After that it varied
ygnexa; and now, by
denominate from vewrepexy from vewrepor.
Denominate (di/ngmine't), v. [f. L. déndmi-
nat-, ppl. stem of déndmindre to name, specify by
name, f. De- I. 3 + #dmindre to name (see Nomi-
NATE).]
1. “rans. To give a name or appellation to; to
call bya name, to name (orig. from or after some-
thing). Now usually with complement: To give
(a thing) the name of . ., to _- - al,
fie ag pif ua Gelntesia ino. 1597 MORLEY ome
pla, v ee
the number of blacke minimes set for a note of the plainsong.
Bs Six T. Hersert 7rav. 209 The Port
thin te i ine : Ibid. i say <n
things) gave it the name. . 223 Americus vs
dentenisates that vast and spacious Continent from owne
name, America. oe Futter Holy War u. ix. (1840) 60
chine nek cto nego een L oy Pas tn aioe
nated Guelphes. 1774 Bryant 1. 89 Phi is also
used for any opening..whence..the head of a fountain is
often denominated Hesketh
writing.
1805 Fosrer £ss. it. iii, 51. Who have hardly words to de-
nominate even their sensat!
DENOMINATION.
i. 16 They [the apostles] do not denominate him [the
Christian minister] a priest.
+b. intr. (for ref.) Yo give oneself a name,
take one’s name (from). Obs. rare.
1652 Sparke Prim. Devot. (1663) 336 Thou that leavest
the master, and denominatest from the servant.
+e. To express in some arithmetical denomina-
tion. Ods. rare.
1788 Priestiey Lect. Hist, ut. xiv. 120 These methods of
denominating time. :
+2. Of things: To give a name to, as a quality
or attribute; to give (a thing) its name or char-
acter, to characterize ; to make what it is, consti-
tute; (with complement) to constitute, give the
right to be called. Ods.
1616 S. Warv Coale fr. Altar (1627) 36 The same vertue
denominated Iacob a Prince with God. 1628 Donne Serv.
xxiii. 225 The Divine, the Physitian, the Lawyer are not
qualified nor Denominated by the same Kinde of Learning.
1664 Power £xf. Philos. ut. 184 The numerous Rabble...
have nothing of the nobler part that should denominate their
Essences. 1698 W. Cuiccor Evid Thoughts vi. (1851) 74
This will denominate us of the number of Christ’s true dis-
ciples. 1783 Jounson Let, to Susanna Thrale (1788) 11.
290 Our general course of life must denominate us wise or
foolish; happy or miserable. 1816-17 Bentnam Chresto-
mathia Wks. VU. 19 That sort of acquaintance with the
Greek and Latin classics which denominates a man a good
scholar.
tb. adsol.
1614 SeLpEN 7itles Hon. 126 The Abstract tastes if it
were more honorable. For that quality denominats. 1621
Burton Anat, Mel. u, iii. 11. (1676) 197/2 It is wealth alone
that denominates, money which maintains it, gives esse to
it [‘gentry’]. 1691 Baxter Nat. CA. xii. 51 ‘The Form de-
nominateth ; and is Essential.
e. Logic. Of an attribute: To give a name to ©
(a subject).
1599 [see DENoMINATOR 3]. @ 1626 Bacon Wav. § Uses
Com. Lav xxiii, (1636) 84 One-yname and appellation doth
denominate divers things. 1843 Mitt Logic 1. ii. § 5 The
attribute, or attributes, may therefore be said to denominate
those objects, or to give them a common name.
+3. To point out, indicate, denote. Ods.
1710 in Somers 7'racts III. 5 Our Credit in this Case. .is
rightly called by some of our Writers, National Credit; the
Word denominates its Original. 1756 C. Lucas ss,
Waters 1.88 The portion of salt which. .suffered the greatest
change, denominates the most impure water. 1792 J. B
IELK-
nap Hist, New Hampshire 11, 130 There is a difference
sufficient to denominate the soil from the growth.
Hence Deno'minated, Deno'minating ///. adjs.
1614 SeLpEN Titles Hon, 235 At this day..in the denomi-
nating Countie the Earle hath but only his Name. 1750
Carte Hist, Eng. 11. 469 They were forced to take Flemish
florins at a denominated rate much higher than the intrinsick
value. 1825 Bentuam /udic, Ld. Eldon 83 The business
of all denominated Offices.
Denomination (déngmiréi-fon). [fe OF. de-
nominacton (13th c. in Godef. Suppl.), ad. L.
dénémination-em, n, of action from déndminire
(in cl. Lat. in the sense of ‘calling by another than
the proper name, metonymy ’).]
1. The action of naming from or after some-
thing ; giving a name to, calling by a name.
ec 1400 Test. Love u. (R.), Of whiche worchings and pos-
session’ of hours, y® daies of the week haue take her names,
after denominacion in these seven planets. 1593 Norven
Spec. Brit., M'sex 1.18 To controul mine obseruations. .in
regarde of the vneertaine distances, vntrue denominations
of places .. which (I confesse) are faultes. a 1626 BAcon
Max. §& Uses Com. Law xxv. (1636) 89 A farther sort of
denomination is to name land by the attendancy they have
to other lands more notorious. 1739 Hume Hum. Nat. 1.1.
vii, The reference of the idea to an object being an ex-
traneols denomination. 1860 Asp. THomson Laws 7h. § 48.
76 Denomination is the imposition of a name that shall
serve to recall equally the Genus or Class, and the Common
Nature. f _
+b. A mentioning or specifying by name. Oés.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. u. iit. (1495) 30 By de-
nomynacion of lymmes that ben seen, ynseen werkinges of
heuenly inwyttes ben understonde. | Haktiuyr Voy.
(1810) III. 538 Vpon whose denomination I was apprehended
for the same words here rehearsed.
2. A characteristic or qualifying name given to
a thing or class of things; that which anything is
called ; an appellation, designation, title.
1432-50 tr. //igden (Rolls) I, 267 Storyes expresse that
Gallia or Fraunce hathe denominacion of the whitenesse of
“peple. 1563 Homilies u. Fasting \. (1859) 284 Works ..
which. .are. .neither good nor evil, but take their denomin-
ation of the use or end whereunto they serve. 1659 PEARSON
Creed (1830) 1 The first word Credo. .giveth a denomination
to the whole confession of faith, from thence commonly
called the Creed. 1778 Burke Corr, (1844) II. 217, I most
heartily disélaim that, or any other, denomination, incom-
patible with such sentiments. 1815 Scort Guy M/. vii, The
tribes of gypsies, jockies, or cairds—for by all these de-
nominations such banditti were known. @ 1871 Grote Eth.
Fragm. i. (1876) 17 ‘Vhe virtuous man or vicious man of our
own age or country, will no longer receive the same de-
nominations if transferred to a remote climate or a different
people.
+b. (See quot.) Ods.
1737 Ase. Boutter Ze¢/. II. 234 Five, six, or seven
parishes (denominations we commonly call them) bestowed
on one incumbent. f 3
3. Arith, A class of one kind of unit in any
system of numbers, measures, weights, money, etc.,
distinguished by a specific name,
©1430 Art of Nombrynge (E. FE, T. S) 8 And so oft with-
195
draw the digit multiplying, vnder the article of his denomin-
acioun, 1 Recorpe G7. Artes (1575) 52, Of the first
ternarye, the denomination is vnities, and of the seconde
ternarye, the denomination is thousandes. 1557 — Whetst.
Rjb, I will, for ease, turne the other into a fraction of the
same denomination. 1594 BLunpEvit /verc. 1. vi. (ed. 7) 19.
1660 WILLsFoRD Scales Comm. 9g The price by which 'twas
bought, and likewise the rate at which 'twas sold must be
reduced into one denomination. 1725 Braptry Ham. Dict.,
Troy Weight, a Weight in which the smallest Denomination
is aGrain. 1868 Rocers Pol. Econ. iv. (1876) 47 When ..
the paper money is of small denominations. J/od. Reduce
the two quantities to the same denomination.
4. A class, sort, or kind (of things or persons)
distinguished or distinguishable by a specific name,
1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1. 187 Civil dissention . .’twixt
men of the same denomination and principles. 1727 A.
Hamitton New Ace. E. Jud. 1, xxviii. 350 The Country ..
produceth good Cetton Cloth of several Qualities and De-
nominations. 1814 D. H. O’Brien Caftiv. §& Escape 154
A punishment equal to six years, with all denominations
of malefactors, in the galleys.
5. A collection of individuals classed together
under the same name; now almost always sfec.
a religious sect or body having a common faith
and organization, and designated by a distinctive
name.
a1716 Sout (J.), Philosophy.. has divided it into manysects
and denominations; as Stoicks, Peripateticks, Epicureans,
and the like, 1746-7 Hervey J/ed?t. (1818) 195 Who,when he
had overcome the sharpness of death. opened the kingdom
of heaven to all generations, and to every denomination of
the faithful. 1788 Frankuin A utodiog, Wks. 1887 I. 206
The multitudes of all sects and denominations that attended
his sermons. 1888 Bryce Amer. Comma, 111. v1. civ. 496
All denominations are more prone to emotionalism in religion
..than in England or Scotland.
Denominational (dénp'miné'fonal), a. [f.
prec. + -AL.]
1. Belonging to, or of the nature of, a denomina-
tion or ecclesiastical sect; sectarian, as @ denomina-
tional school ox college; hence denominational system
of education, one providing or recognizing such
schools, etc.
1838 GLavstonr State tn Rel. w. Ch. (1839) 274, We have
no fear for the Church of England in her competition with
the denominational bodies around her. 1861 M. ARrNoLp
Pop. Educ. France 71 Under the dominion of the new law
denominational schools are the rule 1882 Standard 10 Oct.
5/t Denominational Colleges in Universities which are now
undenominational need no apology or excuse.
2. Pertaining to a denomination or name. rare.
1892 Daily News 25 Oct. 5/4 Not counters, like our silver
and bronze coins, but pieces intrinsically worth their de-
nominational value.
Hence Denomina‘tionalism, adherence to or
advocacy of deriominational principles or a deno-
minational system (e.g. of education) ; Denomi-
nationalist, an adherent. or advocate of these ;
Denominationa‘lity, the state or condition of
being denominational ; Denomina‘tionalize v., to
make denominational ; Denomina‘tionally adv.,
according to a denominational method.
1855 Trencu Eng. Past & Pres. iv. (1870) 129 We have
‘inflexional’, ‘seasonal’, ‘denominational *, and on this..
the monstrous birth, ‘denominationalism’. 1870. Sa/, Nev.
2 Apr. 431 This plan. .concedes the whole principle of De-
nominationalism. 1870 Dazly News 7 Oct., In the country
districts. .the Denominational are evidently preparing to
occupy the ground. 1892 E. L. Santry /déd. 16 Nov. 5/6
‘Denominationality would not he believed suffer from a
sudden exodus of the masses of their scholars to the Board
Schools. 1869 Nation \N. Y.) 11 Mar. 190 (Cent.) The
religious sentiment somewhat. .denominationalized_— to coin
anew word. 1893 Daily News 22 June 4/7 Yo denationalise
Trinity [College] would be, if possible, a greater calamity
than to denominationalise it. 1845 Acdectic Rev. Dec. 622
Religious education is taken up denominationally.
Denominative (ding'minctiv), a. and sd. [ad.
L. dénomindtiv-us, f. ppl. stem of déndmindre: see
-IvE. Cf. F. dénominatif (Catholicon, 15th c.).]
A. adj.
1. Having the quality or function of naming ;
characterized by giving a name to something.
1614 T. Jackson Comment. Apost. Creede 1. 62 The
same name [Cepha] giuen vnto Simon. .must imply no more
thena denominatiue reference vnto the rocke. 1658 W.
Burton /tin. Anton. 151 ‘The petty stream that runs thereby
was denominative of the place. 1826 Mrs. Bray De Fotx
xviii. (1884) 209 High-spiced wines, that the medical monk
thus fenced with the denominative armour of physic.
b. Of a word or term: Having the function of
naming, denominating, or describing, as an attri-
bute ; characterized by denomination.
@ 1638 Meve Disc. ii. Wks. (1672) 1.6 The first we may call
his Personal, the other his Denominative or Participated
Name. 1674 Owen //oly Spirit (1693) 9 A Name. .not dis-
tinctive with respect unto His Personality, but denominative
with respect unto His Work. 1843 Mitt Logic 1. ii. § 5 Con-
notative names have hence been also called denominative,
because the subject which they denote is denominated by,
or receives a name from, the attribute which they connote.
+2. Having or called by a distinctive name;
constituting a DeENoMINATION (sense 3). Ods. rare.
@ 1677 Cocker Arith, (1678) 29 The least denominative
part of time is a minute, the greatest integer being a year.
3. Gram. Formed or derived from a noun.
(Cf, Prisctan Just. iv. i. ‘Denominativa sunt, id est, a
nominibus derivantur’, The L. word was used by earl:
translators of Aristotle to render Gr. mapmvupos derivative.
DENOTATE.
1783 Ainswortu Lat. Dict. (Morell) v, Denominativus,
adj. Denominative, that is, derived of a noun, as from dens
comes dentatus, 1839 tr. Gesenius’ Hebr. Gram. § 85 De-
nominative nouns, 1. Such are all nouns which are formed
immediately from another noun. 1875 WuitNey Life Lang.
vii. 131 Such denominative verbs, as they are called, abound
in every member of our family.
+b. Derivative. Obs. rare.
1624 F, Wiite Repl. Fisher 236 This holinesse being only
relatiue, transitorie, and denominatiue, and not inherent or
durable.
B. sb. +1. A ‘denominative’ or attributive
term: see A. 1b. Obs.
1589 Purtennam Eng. Poesie ui. xvii. (Arb.), He that said
thus of a faire Lady: ‘O rare beautie, 6 grace, and cur-
tesie!’ Whereas if he had said thus, O gratious, courteous
and beautifull woman: .. it had bene all to one effect, yet
not with such force .. to speake by the denominatiue, as by
the thing it selfe. 1599 [see Denominator 3].
2. Gram. A word formed or derived froma noun.
21638 Merve I As.1. ii. (R.\, For sanctity and to sanctifie
being conjugates or denominatives, as logicians call them:
the one openeth the way to the knowledge of the other.
1839 tr. Gesenius’ Hebr, Gram, 45 A peculiar kind of second-
ary verbs .. are those denominatives, one of whose conso-
nants, originally a servile, has become a radical. 1885 tr.
Socin’s Arabic Gram, 26 Denominatives with a concealed
transitive meaning.
Denominatively (ing-minctivli), adv. [f
prec. +-LY2.] In adenominative manner ; by way
of denomination; + attributively, derivatively.
1563-87 Fox A. § JL, (1596) 1303/2 Substantia may be
predicated denominatiuely. or ir uratiue locution, 1656
Jeanes Fudan. Christ 118 Vhere is only an extrinsecall, and
accidentall union betwixt a man and his garment: and the
garment is predicated of the man, only denominatively.
Homo dicitur vestitus, non vestis. 1660 VT. Govce Chr.
Directions xx. (1831) 108 Whatsoever in holy writ is said to
be the Lord’s denominatively, of that Christ is the author
and institutor, as, for instance, the Lord's Supper.
Denominator dingy mincite1). [a. med.L.
denominator, agent-n. from dénomindre to IENO-
MINATE. In F. dénominateur occurs 1484 (Hatzf.)
in the arithmetical sense. ]
1. One who or that which denominates or gives
a name to something. Now rave.
1577 Harrison Lugland ww. xiv. (1878) II. 91 The Latins
and Aegyptians accompted their daies after the seauen
planets, choosing the same for the denominator of the daie,
that [etc]. 164x Heviin //e/p to fist, (1671) 332 In this
part stands the City of Lincoln, the chief denominator of
the County. 1878 .V. der. Nev. 352 ‘Vhat inconvertible
paper may serve as an accurate denominator of values.
2. Arith. and Aly. The number written below
the line in a vulgar fraction, which gives the de-
nomination or value of the parts into which the
integer is divided; the corresponding expression in
an algebraical fraction, denoting the divisor. (Cor-
relative to semeratos.)
1542 Recorpe Gr. Artes (1575) 322 The Denominator doth
declare the number of partes into whiche the vnit is diuided.
1557 — Mhetst. F iv b, Here haue I sette the lesser side as
the numerator and the greatere side as the denominator.
1674 Juake Avith. (1696) 211 If the Numerator be given to
find a Denominator, 1763 W. Emerson Jeth. /ucrements
29 Reducing them to a common denominator. 1864 BowrN
Logic xii. 406 The resulting fractions fall into a series, any
one of which has for .. its denominator the sum of the two
preceding denominators.
Sig, 1831 Carr Sart, Res. u.ix, The fraction of life
can be increased in value not so much by increasing your
Numerator as by lessening your Denominator. 1893 H. H.
Gisss Codlog. Currency 62 How is that capital. .measured 7
What is the Denominator of which price is the Numerator ?
+3. An abstract noun denoting an attribute. Obs.
(Cf. DENoMINATIVE A, 1 b, B. 1.)
1599 Biunpevit. Art of Logick vii. 14 Peter is said to be
valiant; here valiantnes is the Denominator, valiant the
Denominatiue, Peter the Denominated; for Peter is the
subject whereunto the Denominator doth cleaue.
Denotable (dénow'tab’l), a. [ff DENOTE v. +
-ABLE.] That can be denoted or marked.
a 1682 Sir 'T. Browne 7'racts (1684) 25 In hot Regions, and
more spread and digested Flowers, a sweet savour may be
allowed, denotable from several humane expressions. 1882
Macm. Mag. Feb. 327 His painter's habit of presenting
every motive as translated into form denotable by lines and
colours.
+Denotate (d7noteit), v. Oés. [f. ppl. stem
of L. déndtare to Denove: cf. connotate vb.]
1. To note down, particularize, describe; to mark
out, indicate; = DENOTE 1, 2.
1899 A. M. tr. Gabethouer's Bk. Physicke Contents, In the
fifth.. Parte, are sett downe, and denotated vnto us certaine
kindes of precious Medicamentes. 1627 SysTHoRPE A fost.
Obed. 7 Those duties .. are .. denotated in this word, ‘give’,
or ‘render’, 1634 Sir ‘T. Herpert 7rav. 79 And Temeriske,
to denotate himselfe a thankfull person, requites with many
favours such Persians as accompanied him, 1638 /4/d. (ed. 2)
214 More I have not to denotate, save that many severall
conjectures .. have passed, whence the Magi or wise men
came. 1653 R, Battie Disswasive Vind. 11 If it fitly de-
notated their principal position.
2. Of things: To serve as a mark, sign, or indi-
cation of ; to indicate, signify; = DENOTE 3, 4.
1597 Mortey /nf/rod. Mus. 179 Short notes and quicke
motions, which denotate a kind of wantonnes. 1610 W.
Foixincuam Art of Survey 1, iii. 6 The high timbring Oake
.. denotates a rich and battle soile. 1618 Botton Florus
To Rdr., The yeeres ‘from Rome built ’— which these letters,
A.U.C., do denotate. 1650 Huppert Pill bdo A All
od.
-2
which denotate and set forth the Almighty apd
DENOTATION.
Denotation (dinoté-fan). [ad. L. déndtation-
em, n. of action from déndtare to Denote. Cf. F.
@énotation (15th c. in Hatzf.).]
1. The action of denoting ; marking, noting ; ex-
pression by marks, signs, or bols; indication.
1532 Dewes /ntrod. Fr. in 2 » Dyaee worden,
whiche for denotation or si; ifycation of ph ite doth ende
with an s. 1623 Cockeram, Denotation, a marking, a noting.
1631 Br. Wesse Qwuietn, (1657) 12 A short denotation of
that method which we will observe in the unfolding. 1659
Pearson Creed (1839) 275 One who was called "Ermrvpos,
because his name was used for the denotation of that year.
1803 Lp. Exvon in Vesey's Rep. V1. 27 By that denotation
of intention the Creditor has a double Fund. 1825 Fosproxe
Encycl. Antig. (1843) 1. 7
building round towers out of vanity, in denotation of con-
quest, certainly prevailed in the middle ages.
|
111 The idea of Julius Czsar’s —
2. (with a and f/.) A mark by which a thing is |
made known or indicated ; a sign, indication.
Re. Haut //ard Texts, N. T. 97, [had no knowledge
of him by any outward denotations. 1638 Sir T. Hersert
Trav. (ed. 2) 47 The thred tripartite hung about their neck
asa mysterious denotation of the Trinity. a 1650 May Safir.
Puppy (1657) 39 After many denotations of a troubled spirit,
he charmed attention with this speech. 1837 Wurrrock
Bk. Trades (1842) 302 An assertion we are willing to credit
as a denotation of effeminacy.
3. A term employed to denote or describe a thing ;
a designation.
1631 Weever dnc. Fun. Mon. 595 The Germans called an
Esquire .. knaue, a denotation of no ill qualitie in those
dayes. 1644 HamMonp Of Conscience (T.), Mind and con-
science are distinguished .. that former being properly the
denotation of the faculty merely speculative, or intellectual ;
this latter, of the practical judgement. 1 — On Ps.
Ixxxix. 12 Annot. 446 Being here a denotation of a particular
quarter of the world. 1742 Fiepinc ¥. Andrews 1. xi, To
indicate our idea of a simple fellow we say he is easily to be
seen through ; nor do I believe it a more improper ode
tion of a simple book.
4. The meaning or signification of a term.
1614 Seven /Vtles Hon. 341 Time hath brought the word
knane to a denotation of ill qualities. 1692 I; Epwarps
Further Eng. Texts O. & NT. 35 But after all that Ihave
said, concerning this so remarkable etymology and denota-
tion of the word, I leave every one to his liberty. 1882 /'a//
Mail G. 21 June 2 Can we limit the denotation of the term
coffee to the produce of a certain berry? 1893 F. Hatt in
Nation LVIL. 4501 The term arya .. may have a wider
denotation than that which was long attached to it.
5. Logic. That which a word denotes, as distin-
guished from its connotation; the aggregate of
objects of which a word may be predicated ; exten-
sion. Cf. DENOTE v. 5, CONNOTATION 2 b,
1843 Mitt Logic 1. viii. § 7 Stripping it of some part of its
multifarious denotation, and confining it to objects possessed
of some attributes-in common, which it may be made to
connote. 1866 Fowrer Deduct. Logic (1887) 22 The larger
the denotation or extensive capacity, the smaller is the con-
notation or intensive capacity. 1870 Rotteston A min. Life
Introd. 20 The quantitative relations which the correspond-
ing divisions in almost any two of the animal sub-kingdoms
hold to each other as wholes of ‘ extension ' or of ‘ denotation’.
Denotative dinowtativ), a. [f. L. déndtit-,
ppl. stem of déndtare + -1VE: cf. connotative.]
Having the quality of denoting ; designative, indi-
cative.
1611 Corcr., Designatif, designatiue, denotatiue. 1751
Lett. Physiognomy 121 (T.), What are the effects of sick-
ness? the alteration it produces is so denotative, that a
person is known to be sick by those who never saw him in
health. 1862 F. Hay //indu Philos. Syst. 225 Non-differ-
ence from the subject of right notion is not here denotative
of oneness with it. 1871 Narneys Prev. & Cure Dis. u. i.
363 The half-opened eye during sleep is not necessarily de-
notative of any trouble.
b. Logic. Of a word: Having the quality of
designating, as distinguished from comnotative.
1864 Latnam Dict. s.v. Denotation, Proper names are
preeminently denotative ; telling us that such an object has
such a term to denote it, but telling us nothing as to any
single attribute. 1869 J. Martineau £ss. IL. 327 He must
have resorted to .. names more purely denotative still.
Hence Deno'tatively adv., in a denotative
manner.
1864 Bowen Logic iv. 65 If used connotatively, it is called
a Mark; if used denotatively, it is called a Concept. 1881
Vexn Symbolic Logic ii. 36 ‘Yhe classes, whether plural or
individual, are all alike represented denotatively
symbols, w, 7, ¥, 2 :
Denote (d/ndu't), v. [a. F. dénote-r (Oresme,
14th c.), ad. L. déndtare to mark out, f. De- 1.3 +
notare to mark, Nore.]
+1. ¢rans. To note down; to put into or state
in writing; to describe. Obs.
1612 W. Parkes Curtaine-Dr. (1876) 40 A most copious
Regester, wherein are denoted and set downe the liues and
actions of all the inhabitants of the earth. 1632 Lirncow
Trav. vi. 255 Which particulars, by my owne experience,
I could denote. 1638 H. River Borat, Odes 11. vi, Who
worthily can with his pen denote Mars? 1697 C'fess
D'Aunoy's Trav. (2706) 32, I cannot find Words to denote
to you the Horror of this Spectacle.
. To mark; to mark out (from among others) ;
to distinguish by a mark or sign.
1598 SHAks. Merry IW, 1. vi. 39 Her Mother hath in-
tended (The better to dendte her to the Doctor) .. That
uaint in greene, she shall be loose en-roab'd.
'. Browne Pend. Ef. v. xviii, Sun Dialls, by the jow
of a stile or lw denoting the hours of the day.
Moxon Mech. Exerc. 343 This line shall be the Equi-
noctial line, and serve to denote the Hour Distances, as the
196
Conti Lines does on other
latin verse,
DENOUNCE.
denuntier) :—L. dénuntiare (-cidre) to give official
intimation (by a messenger, etc.), f, De- I. 3+
tidre (nuncidre) to make known, report.]
Ttaly, Luigi oo Graven in the stone that
denotes door Of Ariosto. 1885 Act 48 Vict. c. 15
Xthed. m. 6 Such entry shall in the g' be d d by
+b. To point out as by a mark, to indicate, to
designate. Oés. pu
Lirucow Trav. x. The Priests as fearefull of the | informa
emt hood wd i - ryor tr. Le mon,
pr r them.
Clere's Prim. Fathers (1702) 131 [Athanasius] had been de-
noted several times by this Bi for his Successor.
3. To be the outward or visible mark or sign of,
Furie of a
Bionai's a bla PP yal - ; -
greatnesse. erys Dia uly, We the sea,
which denotes a victory. 1766 A Cn
1660 WiiisrorD Scales Comm. 13 In this ‘tis Moneths, as
the Letter M denotes. ar Barrow MWes, (1687) 1. 423
He hath given to the poor. These words denote the freeness
of his bounty. 1703 Maunprett Journ. Ferus. (1732) 139
All which serve only to denote the resort which the Romans
had to this place. 1749 Smoutetr Aegicide w. vii, Thou
hast enough Denoted thy concern. 1812-16 J. Smit /’ano-
rama Sc. & Art ML. 524 Horizontally [in a table] opposite
the sulphuric acid = pee magnesia, to denote that it is
presented to that acid.
4. To signify; to stand for as a symbol, or as a
name or expression ; also, b. (of a person) to ex-
press by a symbol.
1668 Witkins Aeal Char. 405 The two strokes denoting
an args By Cuowortn /nfedl, Syst. 262 (R.) Deus
Ipse, God himself, denotes the Supreme God only. 171%
Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) nie 227 The Sun is some-
times put upon Coyns to denote Providence. 1782 Prirst-
Lev Corrupt. Chr. 1, x. 262 The word clerk .. came to
denote an officer in the law. a@ 180g W. Gitrin Serm. 1.
xviii. (R.), The filthiness of flesh and spirit, is a general
expression to denote wickedness of every kind. 1871 Bb.
Srewart //eat § 63 Then D V P (according to Boyle's law)
will denote the mass. 1873 Act 36-7 Vict. c. 85 § 3 The
number denoting her registered tonnage shall be cut in on
her main beam,
b. 1871 B. Stewart //eat § 24 Let us denote by unity the
whole volume of [etc.]. 1882 Mincuin Unipl. Kinemat. g2
lenote by (-V) the area of the path of /,
5. Logic. To designate or be a name of; to be
predicated of. (Used by Mill, in distinction from
connote.)
1843 Mitt Logic 1. ii. § 5 The word white denotes all white
things, as snow, paper, the foam of the sea, etc. and .. con-
notes the attribute whiteness. /#d., A connotative name
ought to be considered a name of all the various individuals
which it is predicable of, or in other words denotes, and not
of what it connotes. 1862 H. Srencer First Princ. u. ii.
§ 42 We can do no more than ignore the connotation of the
words, and attend only to the things they avowedly denote.
Hence Denoting f//. a.
1887 Atheneum 29 Jan. 157/3 The denoting difference
between class 1 and class 3 is the same as the denoting
difference between class 2 and class 4.
Denotement (d/néu'tmént). [f. Deore v. +
-MENT.] The fact of denoting or mee known ;
indication ; conucr. a means or mode of denoting ;
a token, sign.
1622 Suaks. Oth. Qo. 1 [see DELATION 3).
HALE Cath. Hist. 128 To adde to their tem styles, some
denotement of their ecclesiasticall power. 189 Blackw,
Mag. XXVI. 192 These outward denotements of a perturbed
spirit. 1875 M. A. Lower Eng. Surnames (ed. 4) 1. v. 69
note, Bush was formerly the common denotement, some-
times the sign, of an inn.
Denotive (d/no« tiv), a. [f. Denore v. + -1VE.]
Having the quality of denoting ; serving to denote ;
denotative ; icative,
1830 W. Prius A/f. Sinai 1. 460 Not so aught else Of
Him denotive. 1830 Herscus Stud. Nat, Phil. u. v, (1851)
140 [Names] denotive of species too definite to admit of
mistake, 1881 A, M. Farmsairn in Brit, 0. Rev. Oct. 404
‘The term Church He uses .. once .. as denotive of a single
assembly.
|| Denouement (denmanh). [F. dénonement,
dénotiment, formerly de. t, f. dé , des-
nouer, in OF. desnoer to untie = Pr. denosar, It.
disnodare, 2 Romanie formation from L, dés- +
nodére to knot, nodus knot.)
Unravelling ; ~~ the final unravelling of the
complications of a plot in a drama, novel, etc. ;
the catastrophe ; éransf. the final solution or issue
of a complication, difficulty, or mystery.
1752 Cuesrenr. Lett, eclxx. (1792) ILL. 237 Had the truth
been extorted from Varon .. by the rack, it would have been
a true ical dénonement, 177% Smoriert Humph. Cl.
(1815) mp particulars of the ‘d * you shall
know in due season, 1851 Mayne Retw Scalp //untfers xxii.
163 Up to the present time we stood the
dénouement in silence. 1871 B. Tavtor Faust (1875) I. 228
These lines suggest. .the moral déxonement of the lot.
Denoumbre : see DENUMBER.
Denounce (d/nawns),v. Also 4-5 denounse,
E. Cutsen-
73 4-6 denunce, 5 denouns, Sc. denwns, 6 de-
nonce. [a. OF. denoncier, -noncer (in 1ath.c.
|. Freethinker No. 16 ? 6 An appr
1. To give formal, authoritative, or official in-
formation of; to proclaim, announce, declare ; to
blish, a +a. a matter of fact, tidings,
etc. Obs.
moder,
ry cd Foxe A. & MV.
—, ly de-
1609 Bree (Douay)
and buried, I can
not denounce thy praises as now I can to mortal men.
ee ee (1686) ge td this — remission a4
sins is unto you. 1 yurre Parergon 70
Beadles and Apparitors .. are forbidden .. to denounce or
hich <
P any
b. an event about to take place: usually of a
calamitous nature, as war or death, and thus passing
into 3. Obs. or arch.
1536 BeLLenpeNn Cron. Scot. (1821) 1. 53 That the king sall
nothir denonce weir, nor treit peace, but advise the
capitanis of tribis. 1597 Dantet Civ. Wars (1609) 1v. Ixxxiv
Whose Herald, Sickenes, being employd before With full
commission to denounce his rod Y Bisse (Douay) /’s.
exviii. comm., Geving thanks..at the Cocke-crowing, be-
cause at that time the coming of the day is denounced. 163
Weever Anc. Fun, Mon. 683 An Officer at Armes, whose
function is to d warre, to laime peace. @
Dicsy Priv. Ment. (1827) 199 To. .denounte them war. 1
hrough by th aos ae
through every Street, by the noisy Hawkers.
Lat. Chr. (1864) IL. tv. i. 197 Mohammed himself. .had not
ay vaguely denounced war against mankind in the Koran
t 1. lh = A
te. Const. with subord, clause. Obs.
1388 Wycur Nu. xviii. 26 C de thou, and d
to the dekenes, Whanne bad han take tithis of the sones of
Israel. .offre 3¢ the firste fruytis of tho to the Lord. _¢1g00
Melusine 19 A forester cam to denounce to the Erle Emery
how there was within the fforest of Coulombyers the moost
meruayllous wildbore that euer was sen byfore. 1581 J.
Beit Haddon's Answ. Osor.111 First of all I suppose no
man will deny, but that Paule doth denounce men to
Justified by fayth. 1611 Bist Dent. xxx. 18, 1 denounce
unto you this day, that ye shall surely perish. 1660 tr.
Amyraldus’ Treat. conc. Relig. mw. v. 396 God denounced
that he would cause the Deluge to come upon the Earth.
1793 Objections to War Examined 27 Scarcely a sitting
sses..but some Department..or Town is nced to
in a state of insurrection, 1818 Jas. Mut Brit. /ndia
II. v. vii. 596 ‘Io denounce to him that a failure in this respect
would be treated as equivalent to an absolute refusal.
+2. ¢ransf. Of things: To make known or an-
nounce, ¢sf. in the manner of a sign or portent ; to
portend. Odés.
1581 J. Beit. Haddon’s Answ. Osor. 5 Then should your
three Invectives have vomited lesse slaunders and reproches,
and denounced you a more charitable man &
ee 1 —— John wu. iv. 159 Meteors, sao,
and signes, jues, presages and tongues uen,
Plainly denouncing lohn. 1667 Mitron
vengeance vpon
P. LM. 106 His look d ‘dD re ,and Battel
dangerous Toless than Gods. 1706 Estcourt Fair Examp.
i. i, A yellow or dark Spot upon the middle Finger, with
me denounces Trouble, and a white one promises Joy. 175%
Jounson Kambler No. 155 ?6 They would readily .. catch
the first alarm by which destruction or infamy is de-
now!
3. To announce or proclaim in the manner of a
threat or warning (punishment, vengeance, a curses@
etc.).
1632 J. Havwarp tr. Biondi's E v
the into his charge, as a speciall steed of the Kings:
denouncing him his Majesties indig if he d
any one [ete.}. 1687 T. N Saints in Uproar Wks. 1730
1. 73 There's nothing but fire and desolation denounc'd on
bork sides. 1721 Berxecey Prevent. Kuin Gt. Brit. Wks.
IIL, 201 leolch denounced a severe judgment against the
ladies of his time. i AY Invinc Capt. Bonneville 111.
rat Captain Wyeth... heard the Crows denounce ven-
geance on them, for having murdered two of their warriors.
1875 E. Warts Life in Christ u. xiv. (1878) 158 The Curses
were to be denounced from Mount Ebal.
4. To proclaim, declare, or pronounce (a person)
to be (something): a. usually cursed, outlawed,
or something bad. 70 denounce to the horn (Sc.
Law): mate to im a rebel with the cere-
mony of horning. Oés. or arch. 3
@ 1300 Cursor M. 29251 (Cott.) Pe [man] pat brekes kirkes
Fan ane eae Wilcmes Basak pert Ph Hive chapelans
vit, ix. -
ef Deawan cand wath Buk and Bell All pei, pat had part
Of pat bon or ony art. c1ggs Harrsrieto Divorce
Hea. VU 1878) 182 She. .was denounced . .contumas, and
a citation decerned for herappearance. 1579 Sc. Acts. Fas.
V1 (sa) 69s, Tee Cee processe of hornii
is sa great..that t
feare theirof. /did., The ie swa denunced to the Horne,
1581 J. Bett. Haddon's Answ. Osor, 466 He accurseth and
He deli }
denouw for a damned creature. 1709 Strvre
Ann, Ref. 1, xxv. 281 He was denounced ex-
i by the Presid Exiza Parsons A/yst. .
Visit IV. 50 Her .. dislike to the late Mrs. Clifford led
denounce her a base, false woman. 1861 W. Bett Dict. Law
Scott. 274/2 A messenger-at-arms. .t -r denounced the
and put him to the as it is termed, by
coon bieae ot cherie 1879 Dixon indsor 11. vii. 76
A safer plan was to denounce him as a public enemy.
DENOUNCE.
+b, To proclaim king, emperor, etc. Obs.
1494 Fasyan Chron. v1. clxiv. 159 The sayde pope. .crownyd
hym with y* imperyall dyademe and denounced hym as
emperoure. c 1534 tr. Pol, Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden) I.
102 Constantine was denounced emperowre of the Romaine
soldiars, 1610 Hottann Camden's Brit. (1637) 85 (D.) His
sonne Constans, whom..he had denounced Augustus or
mperor.
5. To declare or make known (an offender) to the
authorities; to inform against, delate, accuse.
1485 Bull Innoc. VIII in Camden Misc. (1847), To de-
nunce, and declare or cause to be denunced and declared alle
suche poner doers and rebelles. 1533 More Afol. Wks.
886/1 Those therfore that speake heresies, euery good man
that hereth them is bounden to denounce or accuse them,
and the bishoppes are bounden vpon theire wordes proued to
putte them to penaunce and reforme theym., 1726 AyLirre
Parergon 99 Archdeacons..shall..denounce such of them
as are negligent .. to the Bishop. 1883 7ies 3 Apr. 4 She
had half a mind to denounce him that she might save the
lives or the liberty of the tools who might be compromised.
1887 Bowen Virg. Aineid uu. 83 Palamedes..Valsely de-
nounced, and to death unjust by the Danaans done.
6. To declare (a person or thing) publicly to be
wicked or evil, usually implying the expression of
righteous indignation ; to bring a public accusation
against; to inveigh against openly; to utter denun-
ciations against.
1664, 1821 [see Denouncerc]. 1825 J. Near Bro. Jonathan
TIL. 443 Humanity! I forswear it—I denounce it! what
have | to do with humanity? 1863 Gro. Evior Romola (1880)
I. Introd. 8 Savonarola .. denounced with a rare boldness
the worldliness and vicious habits of the clergy. 1875 Bryce
Holy Rom. Emp, xvi. (e1, 5) 280 Others scorned and
denounced him as an ager a demagogue, and a rebel.
7. To give formal notice of the termination of
(an armistice, treaty, etc.). [So F. dénoncer.)
1842 Atison //ist, Europe (1850) XII. Ixxx. §7. 90 The
armistice was denounced on the 11th, but, by its conditions,
six days more were to elapse before hostilities could be
resumed. 1879 Yimes 16 June, The French Government
has ‘denounced’ the existing commercial treaties. 1885
Manch. Exam. 20 May 5/2 Either party would be at liberty
--to denounce the arrangement upon giving a year’s notice.
8. Mining. (In Mexico and Spanish America.)
To give formal notice to the authorities of the
discovery of (a new mine) or of the abandonment
or forfeiture of (an old one); hence, to claim the
right to work (a mine) on the ground of such
information or discovery. [=Sp. denzzciar.)
1881 FE. G. Squier in Encycl. Brit. X11. 132/1 (//onduras)
oo are frequent, principally in the vicinity of Erandique,
where as many as sixteen mines have been ‘ denounced’ in
a single year. 1886 Mining Circular, One mining claim
denounced and occupied in conformity with the mining laws
of Mexico.
1 9. ? To renounce. Ods. rare.
c 1325 £. E. Allit. P. B. 106 Certez pyse ilk renkez pat me
renayed habbe & denounced..Schul neuer sitte in my sale
my soper to fele.
Hence Denownced /#/. a.
1552 Hutort, Denounced, denunciatus, indictus. 1592
Se, Acts Fas. VI (1597) § 443 The denunced persones landes,
gudes or geir. 1754 Erskine Princ. Sc. Laz (1809) 38 He
had also right .. to the single escheat of all denounced per-
sons residing within his jurisdiction. 1845 ‘I’. W. Corr
Puritanism 521 Vhis poor denounced Virginia.
+ Denownce, sd. Obs. rare. [f. DENOUNCE v.
Cf. obs. F. dénonce in Godef.] = DENoUNCEMENT.
1705 J. Rosins //ero of Age t.vi.7 But Haughty Louis hop’d
og Fate to Mock, Seems to deride her brave Denounce of
War.
Denow'nceable, ¢. rare. [f. Denounce v. +
-ABLE.] Capable of being denounced.
1837 Cartyie Fr. Rev. ui. 1, ii, It is embodied ; made
tangible, made denounceable,
Denouncement (d/nawnsmént). [a. obs. F.
denoncement ‘a denouncing’ (Cotgr.), f. dénoncer:
see -MENT.]
1. The action of denouncing; denunciation ;
+ declaration; + announcement (of evil); public
accusation or expression of condemnation. i
1544 BaLe Chron. Sir ¥. Oldcastell in Hart. Misc.(Malh.)
I. 272 At the laufull denouncement and request of our vni-
uersall clergye. .we proceeded against him [Oldcastell]. 1641
Mitton Ch, Govt. 11. iii. 51 This terrible denouncement, 1646
Sir T. Browne send. Ef. 1. ii. 6 Upon the denouncement
of his curse. 1836 New Monthly Mag. XLVIL. 94 Of the
vengeance that overtook criminals of this sort, and of dread-
ful Uxipnacerents against their posterity. 1879 G. Mac-
ponatp P, Faber 11. xii. 236 She sat listening to the curate’s
denouncement of hypocrisy.
2. The fact of denouncing a mine or land: cf.
Denounce v. 8. (Mexico and Spanish America.)
1864 Mowry Arizona vi. 112 The title to these deposits
is a ‘denouncement’ as discoverer, of four fertenencias.
1884 American VII. 296 Under the law of denouncement,
a species of pre-emption by which unoccupied lands are
uired [in Mexico].
mouncer (d/nau'nsa1). [f. Denounce v. +
-ER1; =OF, denonceor, -eur.] One who denounces,
in various senses of the verb. a. One’ who an-
nounces, proclaims, declares, threatens.
1490 Caxton. Exeydos xxii. 82 The owle is a byrde mortalle
or otherwyse denouncer of mortalite. 161x Cortcr., Pre-
dicateur. .denouncer of things to come. 1690 Drypen Don
Sebastian v. Wks. (1883) VII. 466 Here comes the sad de-
nouncer of my fate. 1748 Richarpson Clarissa(1811) VIIL.
xli. 164, I undertook to be the denouncer of her doom, 1824-9
Lanpor /mag. Conv. (1846) IL. 39 Denouncer of just
vengeance, recall the sentence !
197
b. One who informs against, accuses, delates.
1533 Morr Dedell. Salem Wks. 1013/1 So dooeth euery
denouncer, euerye accuser, and in a maner euerye witnesse
too. 1648 Mitton Observ. Art. Peace (1851) 576 ‘These
illiterate denouncers. 1867 Smices //ugnenots Eng. x. 159
Detected fugitives were..condemned to the galleys. . while
their denouncers were. .rewarded with half their goods.
e. One who publicly inveighs against, or ex-
presses condemnation of (a person, practice, etc. ).
1664 EveLyn Sylva (1776) 568, I am no advocate for iron-
works, but a Declared Denouncer, 1821 /2xaminer 1 Apr.
193/t Not to be lost sight of... by the denouncers of corrup-
tion. 1878 Mortry Carlyle Crit. Misc. Ser. 1.185 The chief
denouncer of phantasms and exploded formulas.
d. One who denounces a mine in order to obtain
possession of it. (Mexico and Spanish America.)
Denounciation, obs. form of DENUNCIATION.
Denouncing (dénawnsiy), vid. sb. [-1NG 1]
The action of the verb DENOUNCE in various senses.
1552 Hutort, Denouncyng, denunciatio, 1562 J. Siure
Cambine’s Turk. Wars 15, Without any other denouncing
of warres..he presented his armie, 1647 May //ist. /'ard.
i. vi. to9 When the first apparent denouncing of War began.
1862 CariyLe Fredk. Gt. xin. i.(1873) V. 5 Oh the pamphilet-
eerings, the denouncings, the complainings.
Denowncing, ///. 2. [-1NG*.] That de-
nounces.
1661 CowLey Disc. Govt. O. Cromwel Verses & ¥ss.\ 1669)
60 Let some denouncing Jonas first be sent ‘To try if kng-
land can repent. 1746 Cotiins Odes, Passions 43 ‘The War-
denouncing trumpet.
De novo: see DEI. 6.
+ Densate, v. Obs. [f. ppl. stem of L. densire
to make dense, thicken, f. devsus DrENse.] “rans.
To thicken, condense.
1604 R. Cawprry Zable Alph., Densated, made thicke.
1657 Tomuinson Kenou's Disp. 651 Oyl of Roses. .densates,
tempers the hot ventricle.
+Densa‘tion. és. °[ad. L. densdtion-em, n.
of action from densire: see prec.] Thickening,
condensation.
1615 Crookr Body of Man 263 The Densation, Rarefaction,
and Contraction of the matter of the parts. 1655-60 STANLEY
Hist. Philos. (1701) 7/1 Densation, or rarefaction. 1729
Suecvocke Artillery 1. 261 This Densation. . being a Priva-
tion of the natural property of Fire, which is Ra ion.
|| Dens canis, the Doa’s roorH VIOLET, q.v™
Dense (dens), a. [ad. L. dens-us thick, dense,
crowded. Cf. F. dense (Paré, 16th c., in 13th c.
dempse), perh. the immediate source of the Eng.]
1. Having its constituent particles closely com-
pacted together; thick, compact. a. Of close
molecular structure. Opp. to rare.
1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer’s Bh. Physiche. 56/1 When as
the Cataracte is so dense and of such a crassitude that heer-
with they will not be soackede. 1671 R. Bonun Il’ind 192
The Earth, being a dense body, retaines the Calorifique
impressions. 1794 Suttivan View Vat. 1, 145 It pervades
all bodies, dense as well as rare. 1860 T'yNpALt Glac. 1. x.
66 Dense fog settled upon the cascade, 1878 Huxiry
Physiogr. 227 The dense bones resist decay longer.
Having its (perceptibly separate) parts or
constituents closely crowded together ; in Lo/, and
Zool. closely set.
1776 Witnerinc Brit, Plauts (1796) U1. 366 Grows in
dense tufts. 1793 Martyn Lang. Bot., Dense panicle. 1825
Soutney Tale of Paraguay i. 7 Marshes wide and wood-
lands dense. 1836 Marryar Midsh. Easy xxv, Vhe crowd
..was so dense that it was hardly possible to move. 1846
MeCuttocu Ace. Brit. Empire (1854) 1. 393 Their popula-
tion, which in most instances is very dense, amounts to
about 45,000. ; ;
e. Crowded, ‘thick’ (with). rare.
1842 Tennyson Morte d’Arthur 196 All the decks were
dense with stately forms.
2. fig. & gen.
1932 Hist. Litteraria 111. 249 Sometimes the Author is not
so properly concise, as dense, if I may use the Word.
When the Subject is limpid of it self, he frequently inspis
sates it. 1760 Frankuin Lett, Wks. (1887) ILI. 42 Six weeks
of the densest happiness I have met with. 1858 Hawruorne
Fr. & It. Frnis. (1872) U1. 156 If his character were suffi-
ciently sound and dense to be capable of steadfast principle.
b. esp. Of ignorance, stupidity, etc. : Profound,
intense, impenetrable, crass.
1877 Biack Greex Past. vii. (1878) 55 The dense ignorance
in which they have been allowed to grow up.
e. transf. Of persons: Stupid, ‘thick-headed ’,
1822 Lams Edia Ser. 1. Artif. Comedy Last Cent., More
virtuous than myself, or more dense. 1887 Poor Nellie
(1888) 114 He will. .put notions into her dense head.
3. Photography. Of a negative: Opaque in the
developed film, so as to yield prints in which the
lights and shades are well contrasted.
. Comb.
1861 Miss Pratt Flower. Pl, V. 298 Dense-headed Rush.
1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 73 Heads dense-flowered. 1874
Liste Carr Fud. Gwynne I. iv. 123 How quicksighted do
the most dense-minded men become when in love !
Hence (sonce-wd.) Dense v, to make dense;
Densing v0/. si.
1888 F, H. Sropparp in Andover Rev. Oct., It is the
densing of the slight, the fleshing of the spiritual.
Densely (densli), adv. [f. DENSE a. +-LY 2]
1. Inadense manner; thickly, closely, crowdedly.
1836 Maccitiivray tr. Humboldt's Trav. xxiv. 333
Countries that have long been densely pled. x
Tynpvatt ‘Glac. 1. xxv. 184 Clouds .. densely black. 1875
DENSITY.
Jowett Plato (ed, 2) III. 683 ‘The citadel .. was densely
crowded with dwellings.
fi. Intensely, grossly.
1883 J. Fiske in Harper's Mag. Feb. 420'2 The people
were densely ignorant.
De-nsen, v. vare. [f. DENSE a. +-EN 5.] frans.
‘To make dense, or 7x/v. To become dense. Hence
Densening v#/. sb., thickening, condensation.
1884 //arper's Mag. June 123/2 In 1800 there is some
densening of population within the old lines.
Denseness (de‘nsnés,. [f. DENSE a. + -NESS.]
The quality of being dense ; density.
1669 W. Simpson //ydrol. Chym. 325 The denseness of
some interposing globe. A/od. ‘The denseness of the fog.
The fellow’s denseness tries my patience sorely.
Denshire (de‘nfa1), v. Also 7 devonshire,
-sher, densher, densure, g denshare. [A syn-
copated form of Devonshire used as a vb.; the
method having been originally practised there.
¢ 1630 Rispon S277, Devon (1810) 2 Devonshire; now, by
a vulgar speech, Denshire. /bid. § 96 (1810) 92 In our
Denshire speech called /’oAil2. 1654 Vitvain /pit. Ess. v-
x, lwo Denshire Rivers neer contermining.]
trans. To clear or improve (land) by paring
off turf, stubble, weeds, ete., burning them, and
spreading the ashes on the land; = Burn-bear.
Ifence De‘nshiring wé/. sé.
1607 Norpen Surv. Dial. 228 Vhey..call it in the West
parts, Burning of beate, and in the South-East parts, Devon-
shiring. ¢ 1630 Rispon Surv. Devon (1810) 11 Which kind
of beating and burning..seems to be originally peculiar to
this county, being known by the name of Menshering in
other countries. 1669 Worwpcr Syst. Agric. (1681) 6
About three Acres, Denshired, or Burnt-beaten. 1671 St.
hotne Inprowd 8 The good husbandry of Densuring or
Devonshering of Land. 1799 7raus. Soc. Enconurag. Arts
XVII. 160 ‘The land..was denshi and one crop of oats
taken from it. 1887 Rocrrs Agric. & I’rices V. 62 Vhe
system of densharing or devonshiring old and poor pasture
had made considerable | 4
[By R. Child, 1651 :in Ha Legacy, 1655, 37' erroneously
guessed to be from Dendighshire: thence in some Dicts.]
Densify (densifoi), v. rare. [f. 1. dens-us
DensE+-FyY.] ¢vans. To make dense, condense.
1820 Blachw. Mag. VIII. ‘Yo densify the Lunar
atmosphere. 1874 Contemp. Rev. XXIV. 421 To ‘densify’
into substantial existence the misty conceptions.
Densimeter (densi'm/ta1 . Also denso‘meter.
[f. L. dens-s dense +-METER.] An apparatus for
measuring the density or specific gravity of a solid
or liquid.
_ 1863 tr. Canot's Physics (1886) 112 Rousseau’s densimeter..
is of great use. .in determining the specific gravity of a small
quantity of a liquid. 1883 /7sheries Laxhib. Catal, 210
Ocean salinometer and optical densometer.
Density (de‘nsiti). [a. F. denseté (Pare, 16th
c., in 13th c. dempsité), ad. L. densttas, -tatem
thickness, f. derses DENSE
1. The quality or condition of being dense; thick-
ness; closeness of texture or consistence.
1603 Hoitann Plutarch’s Aor. 1187 The densitie and
thicknesse of the aire. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 592 As for the
Leaves, their density appeareth in that, either they are
smooth and shining..or in that they are hard and spiry.
1755 Mem. Capt. P. Drake 1. xvii. 185 A Fogg ot the
greatest Density I ever remember to have seen. 1796
Morse Amer, Geog. IL. 311 It was. .necessary to supply the
defect of density by more frequent inspirations. 1864 Bowrn
Logic xi. (1870) 361 ‘The additional qualities of weight,
attraction, impenetrability, elasticity, density.
2. Physics. The degree of consistence of a body
or substance, measured by the ratio of the mass to
the volume, or by the quantity of matter in a unit
of bulk.
1665 Phil. Trans. 1. 31 There is in the Air. .such a variety
..both as to their density and rarity. 1696 Wiiston 7%.
More than four times the density of
y 1831
TER Oftics iil, 25 The bodies contained in these
tables have all different densities, 1881 WiLiiAmson in
Nature No. 618. 415 Vo determine the vapour densities and
rates of diffusion of those which could be obtained in the
gaseous state,
b. Llectr. The quantity of electricity per unit
of volume or area.
1873 CLERK Maxwext Electr. § Magn. (1881 $64 The electric
density at a given point on a surface is the limiting ratio of
the quantity of electricity within a sphere whose centre is
the given point to the area of the surface contained within
the sphere, when its radius is diminished without limit.
1885 Watson & Bursury Math. Th. Electr. & Magn. I.
139 A uniform ring of electricity of density —1.
3. Crowded state; degree of aggregation.
1851 Nicnon Archit. Heav. 154 Not..te sound depths by
ordinary rules founded on the numbers of the stars, but
rather to unfold densities. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commi, II.
xxxvi. 5 Not only these differences in size, but the differences
in density of population. ;
b. concr. A dense mass or aggregation. rare.
1858 Hawtuorne Fr. & /t. Frnis. 1. 144 Stems, support-
ing a cloud-like density of boughs.
4. Photogr. Opaqueness of the developed actin-
ized film in a negative.
1879 Cassell’s Techn, Educ. WN. 143 (Photogr.) A rapid
— of density will be the result,
. fig. Stupidity, crassitude.
1894 A. Birrevt in Westminst, Budget 27 July 48/2 The
density which is sometimes. .attributed to your party.
Denso'meter, another form of DENSIMETER.
DENT.
Densure, obs. form of DensHiRE v.
Dent (dent), 56.1 [A phonetic variant or col-
lateral form of Dint, OE. dynt; in sense 4 app.
influenced by ¢adent and its family, and thus con-
nected with Dent sé.-]
+1. A stroke or blow, esf. with a weapon or sharp
instrument: usually a blow dealt in fighting (=
Dint sé. 1). Ods. -
¢1325 Coer de L, 291 With a dente amyd the schelde.
1350 IVill. Palerne 1215 Ac he wip dou;ti dentes defended
him long. «435 Torr. Portugalgts Vher schalle no knyght
come nere hond, Fore dred of denttes ylle. c1485 Digby
Myst. (1882) 11. 272 The dent of deth is hevyar than
1570 Preston Camrbyses in Hazl. Dodsley IV, 215 He
shall die by dent of sword. 1596 Srenser /. Q. 1. vi. 15
Plates yrent, Shew'd all his bodie bare unto the cruell dent.
1603 Drayton Odes xvii. 95 And many a cruell Dent Bruised
his Helmet.
+b. A ‘stroke’ or clap of thunder ; a thunder-
bolt. Oés.
a 1300 Fragm. Pop. Sc. (Wright) 147 The lizting, That..
cometh after the dente. ¢ 1320 Sir Benes 2738 A made a cri
and a wonder, Ase hit were a dent of ponder. c 1386 CHAUCER
Miller's T, 621 As gret as it had ben a thundir dent. ¢ 1430
Lyne. Bochas vin. i. (1554) 177 b, By stroke of thundre dent
And fyry lightning. : ;
+ 2. Striking, dealing of blows ; vigorous wield-
ing of the sword or other weapon (= D1nT sé, 2).
a 1400 Octonian 1555; Here son was doughty knyght of
dente. 1548 Hatt Chron. 41 b, With mortal warre and dent
of sworde. 1§56 J. Hevwoon Spider & F. lix. 32 Tosubdew
the flies by the swoords dent. a 1600 Tourn. Tottenham 48
For to wynne my do3ter wyth dughtynesse of dent.
+b. Striking distance, range or reach of stroke
(=Dint sé, 2d’. Obs.
1567 Martet Gr. Forest 78 There is no birde that escapeth
him that commeth in his dent, but she is his owne.
+3. =Dint. Obs.
1 J. Payne Royal Exch. 3, 1 am sturred by dent of
Christian dutie.
4. A hollow or impression in a surface, such as
is made by a blow with a sharp or edged instru-
ment ; an indentation, Dnt.
1565 Jewet Nepl. Harding Wks. (1611) 425 We haue
thrust our fingers into the dents of his nailes. 1612 Brinsity
Lud. Lit. 16 Mark it with a dent with the nayle, or a
pricke with a pen. 1620 SHELTON Quix. iv. xix. IT. 233
O the most noble and obedient Squire that ever had Sword
at a Girdle..or Dent ina Nose. r6gt ‘I’. H[ave]) Acc. Ver
Invent. p. viii, Taking his Hammer, he again beat out the
dent. 1722 CHAMBERLAYNE in PAI, Trans. XX X11. 98 The
fat Particles had such a Pinch, or Dent, in them, as I have
shewn, that there were in the Globules of Flower of Wheat.
1848 ‘Fuoreau Maine IW. i. (1867) 51 The rocks .. were
covered with the dents made by the spikes in the lumberers’
hoots. 1857 Gro. Evior Scenes Cler. Life, Janet's Repent.
ii, Dents and disfigurements in an old family tankard.
Dent, s/.- [a. F. dent tooth; but sense 1
perh. originated as an extension of sense 4 of prec.
sb., under the influence of the Fr. word, or of zd/en¢
and its family.]
+1. An indentation in the edge of anything; in
fl. applied both to the incisions and the projections
or teeth between them. Odés. ‘
1552 Hutorr, Dentes about a leafe lyke a saw, crenr.
1660 Broome Archit. Aa, Denticudi, a broad plinth in the
cornish cut with dents. 1700 Drvven Fables, Cock & box
so High was his comb, and coral-red withal, In dents em-
battl'd like a castle-wall.
2. A tooth, in various technical uses :
a. A burnishing tool used by gilders: sometimes an actual
tooth. 706s. b. Weaving. One of the sflits or parallel
strips of metal, cane, etc. forming the reed of a loom.
¢e. Carding. The wire staple that forms the tooth of a card.
d. A tooth in a gear-wheel, or in the works of a lock.
1703 1.8. Art's Luprow. 51 This is commonly practised upon
Black and Coloured Wood, Polishing them witha Dent, 1831
G. R. Porter Silk Manuf. 221 This saves the labour of pass-
ing the new threads through the mails and dents of the reed.
1846 G. Wutre Treat. Weaving 53 The reed is made to con-
tain acertain number of devts or sfdits in a given space.
1894 Textile Manuf. 15 May 196 The satin may be reeded
four in a dent if desired.
Dent, 5%. /ocal. A tough clay or soft claystone ;
esp. that found in the joints and fissures of sandstone
or other strata.
1864 A. Jervrey Hist. Roxburghshire IV. iii. 162 The walls
of these houses .. were cemented with pounded dent.
Dent, f//. a. [short for dented.]
+1. Embossed [see DEnr v. 3]. Obs.
1450 Golagros 4 Gaw. 66 The sylour deir of the deise
dayntely wes dent With the doughtyest in thair dais dyntis
couth dele.
+2. Her. =IxpEntED. Obs.
1610 Guitiim Heraldry 1. v. (1660) 27 Wrapt with dent
bordure silver shining. : ;
3. Dent corn: a variety of Indian corn having a
dent or depression in each kernel. U.S.
Dent, v. [A variant of Dint v.: see Dent s6."]
1. trans. To make a dent in, as with a blow upon
a surface ; to mark with a dent or dents ; to indent.
1388, 1 [see DentinG vid. sd. 2, 1). ¢14go Promp.
Parv. 118 Dentyw or yndentyn, indento. 1530 Paiscr.
11/2, I dente, Fenfondre .. se howe it hath dented in his
arnesse, 1§§9 SACKVILLE /nduct. xii. 7 So dented were her
cheekes with fall of teares, 1691 T. H[ace] Acc. New /nvent.
A viii, With which blow it was not broken but dented. 1703
. N. City & C. Purchaser 161 Jumping upon it with the
Heals of ones Shooes will dent it. Darwin Voy. Nat.
iii. (1879) 62 The fragments had been blown off with force
198
sufficient to dent the wall. 188: Miss Brappon Asfh. 1.
y Armour that had been battered and dented at Cressy.
. To imprint, impress, implant with a stroke or
impact.
1450 Golagros § Gaw. 824 Suppose his dyntis be deip
dentit in your scheild. 1533 Bettenpen / fvy mt. (1822) 246
‘This yoik wes maid of thre speris, of quhilkis twa war dentit
in the erde. 1820 W. Irvine Sketch Bk. 11. 407 The tracks
of horses’ hoofs deeply dented in the road.
+3. To emboss, set, ene Obs. ;
c Bone Flor. 326 The pyllers that stonde in the halle,
Are dentyd wyth golde clere crystalle. c1475 Rauf
Coitzear 667 Dyamountes full dantely dentit betwene.
4. intr. a. Yo enter or sink z#, so as to make
a dent or indentation. b. To become indented, as
a plastic surface when pressed with something
pointed or edged.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vu. lix. (1495) 274 Yf thou
thrystest thy fyngere vpon the postume it denteth in. did.
xvit. xxiv. 648 Yf the fynger dynteth in therto and finde it
nesshe. 1611 Starrorp Niote 40 His cheekes, denting-in,
as if he were still sucking at a bottle. 1869 Eng. Mech.
3 Dec. 271/1 You will see it dent, for it is elastic.
+5. To aim a penetrating blow (a). Oés.
1580 Lyty Euphues(Arb.)373 So my heart. .dented at with
y’ arrowes of thy burning affections.
Dental (dental), a. and sé. [ad. mod. or ? med.
L. dental-is, f. dens, dent-em tooth; cf. F. dental
(1611 in Cotgr.). Ancient L. had denté/e (in form
the neuter of dentalis) =‘ share-beam of a plough’).
A. adj. 1. Of or pertaining to the teeth ; of the
nature of a tooth.
Dental arch, the arched or curved line of the teeth in the
mouth 3 dental cavity, the natural hollow of a tooth, which
is filled by the dentad pulp. Dental formula, a formula or
concise tabular statement of the number and kinds of teeth
possessed by a mammal; the numbers in the upper and the
lower row are written above and below a horizontal line, like
the numerator and denominator of a fraction : see Denti-
TION 2.
1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 77/2 To vse this,
and the other dentalle poulders. 1650 BuLwer Anthro-
pomet. Pref., To sway It downwards, and the Dental root
display. 1658 Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus iii. 53 Dentall
sockets. 1860 Hartwic Seca & Wond. vi. 72 The cetaceans
are either without a dental apparatus, or provided with
teeth. 1894 /vvies (Weekly ed.) 16 Feb. 133/4 Dental disease
.. became reduced to a minimum.
P Dealing with the teeth; of or pertaining to
dentistry. Dental apparatus, chisel, drill, file,
Sorceps, hammer, etc., apparatus and instruments
used in dentistry.
1870 | (/t/e\, Dental Diploma Question. 1874 Knicur Dict.
Mech., Dental chisel. drill. filelerc.). lbid., Dental pump,
an apparatus for withdrawing the saliva from the mouth
during dental operations. 1878 L. P. Merevitn Teeth
p. viii, Opening the doors of dental knowledge to the people.
1890 /imes 20 Aug. 11/2 A Dental School is Cc anched to the
Hospital.
2. Phonology. Pronounced by applying the tip
of the tongue to the front upper teeth, as the con-
sonants t, d, p, ¥, n.
In some languages, as in English, ¢, d, are not strictly
dental, but alveolar; ice, the contact is with the gum close
behind the teeth.
1594 1. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1. 87 The Hebrewes
name their letters, some gutturall, because they are pro-
nounced more in the throat : others, dentall, because a man
cannot wel pronounce them without the teeth. 1626 Bacon
Sylva $198. 21794 Sin W. Jones in Asiat, Res. (1799)
I-12 Each of the dental sounds is hard or soft, sharp or
obtuse. 1855 Fornes Hindistdnt Gram. (1868) 5, 9 is much
softer and more dental than the English ¢. 1877 Sweer
Handbk. Phonetics 31-2 This class is commonly called
‘dental’, but the point of the tongue is not necessarily
brought against the teeth.
B. sé. 1. Phonology. A dental consonant.
21794 Sir W. Jones in Asiat. Res. (1799) 1. 11 Next came
different classes of dentals. 1884 American 1X. 105 Such
a phonetic law does not account for the word under dis-
cussion, no dental being present.
2. humorously. A tooth.
1837 Lanvor Pentameron Wks. 1846 I. 344, T would not
voluntarily be under his manifold rows of dentals,
3. Arch. =DENTIL.
1761 Kirxsy Perspect. Architect. 39 From the dentals
already drawn the others are to be taken, and also the den-
ticles. 1857 Bircn Anc. Pottery (1858) IL. 195 The abacus
red, the dentals yellow, with a red boss
Se
4. Zool."A mollusc of the genus Dentalium or
family Dentaliide ; a tooth-shell.
1678 Puittirs, Dental, a small Shelfish .. hollow like a
little tube, and acuminated. a 1728 Woopwarp (J.), The
shell of a dental, 3 ‘
~ 5. A sea fish of the Mediterranean, belonging
to the genus Denlex,
1753 Cuamners Cyed. pe ry Dentale is a name given by
some to a fish caught in the Medi and in
the markets of Italy. a18g0 Rosserm Dante & Cire. U.
Months Mar., Salmon, eel and trout, Dental and dolphin.
Dentalite (dentaloit). Padwont. [f. Dentatium
(see prec. 4) + -1TE.] A fossil tooth-shell.
1828 in Wenster. 1847 Craic, Dentadlite, Dentalithe, a
fossil dentalium.
Dentality (dente liti).
ef. nasality.) Dental quality.
Mod. In Irish, the dentality of ¢ and @ is very marked.
Dentalize (dentiloiz), v. [f Dewran + -128.]
trans. To make dental, change into a dental sound.
Hence Dentaliza'tion. ;
[f. Dentab + -Iry:
DENTED.
1861 F. Hatvi
a Asiatic Sec. Bengal 336 The element
Srt... was proba ee ye ae —in
N. ¥. Nation XX. 116/2 The letters d, x, and ¢, where
lingual, » ise, first dentalized. Dovust
Crmsn's L$ Pag Fer pe ofde izati —_
+ Dentar (de'nta:), a. Obs. rare. [irreg. ad.
F. dentaire, ad. L. dentari-us : see DENTARY.] =
DENTAL I. ; ;
1831 R. Knox Cloguet’s Anat. 39 The superior and anterior
dentar canal. ee 461 The it dent and superior dentar
+ Dentarie. 0¢s. rare. Anglicized form of
Bot. L. Dentaria (Toothwort), a genus of cruci-
ferous plants.
x xte Dodoens u. v. 153 The other kind [of Dames
Violets or Gilofloures] is known by the name of Dentarie,
and is not otherwise known to us. :
Den (de‘ntari), a. and sé. Zool. and Anat.
[ad. L. dentari-us (4th c.), f. dens, dent-em tooth:
see -ARnY. (In F. dentaire, 1700 in Hatzf.)]
A. adj. Of, pertaining to, or connected with the
teeth ; dental. Dentary bone: = Dentany sd.
1830 R. Knox Béclard’s Anat. 136 As far as the dentary
papilla or pulp. Rotteston Anim, Life Introd. 44
The dentary bone of the Crocodile.
B. sé. A bone forming part of the lower jaw in
the classes of Vertebrates below M/ammalia, and
bearing the teeth when these are present.
1854 Owen in Cire. Sc. (¢ 1865) II. 67/1 The anterior
piece .. which supports the teeth, is called the ‘dentary’.
1880 GunTHER Fishes 54 The largest piece is tooth-bearing,
and hence termed dentary.
|| Dentata (dentata). Anat. [L. fem. of den-
tatus adj. ‘toothed’ (sc. vertebra).] The second
cervical vertebra, also called ax7s: see AXIS ! 2.
1727-52 Cuampers Cycé. sv, Vertebre, The vertebra: of
the neck .. The second is called .. also vertebra dentata.
1811 Hoorer Dict. 852/1 ‘The second vertebra is called
dentata. 1847 Youatt /forse ix. 211 The second bone of the
neck is the dentata, having a process like a tooth, by which
it forms a joint with the first bone. 1881 Mivart Cat 43.
Dentate (de'nteit), a. [ad. L. dentat-us, f. dens,
dent-em tooth: see -ATE? 2.] Having ‘ teeth’ or
tooth-like projections along the edge; toothed.
Chiefly in Zool. and Bot.; in Bot. spec. of leaves
having sharp teeth directed outwards.
1810 W. Roxsurcu in Asiat, Res. X1. 350 With the
margin elegantly laciniate-dentate. 1828 Stark Elem. Nat.
Hist. 11. 34 Shell gibbous .. outer lip Seger if dentate.
1835 Lixpiey /ntrod. Bot. (1848) 1. 271 The leaf is merely
toothed (dentate. 1 Dana Zooph., (1848) 157 Lamella
of the cells dentate or denticulate. .
b. In comb., as dentate-crenate, etc. : see DEN-
Tato-. Hence Dentately adv.
1847 in Craic. * p
Dentated (de'nte'tid), fi. a.
-ED.] =prec.
1753 CHampersCycl. Suppl, Dentated Leaf. 1761 GAERTNER
in Phil. Trans. L11.78 Nor has it a dentated margin. 1835
ntat
1865
[f. as prec. +
Kinsey Had. & lust. Anim. 1. vi. 204 A beautifully de:
suture, resembling the dog's tooth of a Gothic arch.
Lusnock Preh. 7imes 133 Saws... with their edges somewhat
rudely dentated. .
Dentation (dentéfon). [n. of condition, f.
stem of L. denfat-us: see prec. and -aTion. Cf.
L. /abulatio, f. tabulat-us.] The condition or fact
of being dentate ; toothing.
1802 Patey Vat. Theod. xiii, How in particular did it (the
woodpecker’s bill] get its barb, its dentation ? 1852 Dana
Crust. \. 253 The same species varies much in the dentation
of the arm. 1880 Gray Struct. Bot. iii. § 4. 97 Dentation
relates to mere marginal incision.
Denta‘to-, combining adverbial form of L.
dentatus, prefixed to other adjs. in the sense ‘den-
tately —’, ‘dentate and —’, as dentato-angulate,
having dentate angles 5 dentato-ciliate, having the
margin dentate with cilia; den/ato-costate, having
dentate or toothed ribs; dentato-crenate, crenate
but approaching dentate ; den/ato-serrate, having
serrations approaching the character of teeth ;
| dentato-setaceous, having the margin dentate, with
sete or bristles; dentato-sinuale, ‘having points
like teeth on excavated borders’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.).
“In these combinations dentate is often used, as dentate-
crenate, «serrate, -sinuate, ec.
1828 Wenster, Dentato-sinuate. 1846 Dana Zooph, (1848)
594 Margin .. with d licles. Treas.
Bot., Dentato-laciniate, when toothings are irregularly ex-
tended into long points.
Dent de lion, dentdelyon: see DANDELION.
Dente, obs. form of Dainty.
Dented (dentid), Ap’. a. v. +
-ED ; but afterwards t entified with, and assimi-
lated in sense to, L. dentatus, F. denté toothed.).
+1. Bent inward ; ——_ ang — <4
TT Barth. De P. R. xvi, xcv. (1495)
teat [of r pened ben dentyd Inwarde cad tom crokyd
[‘ransfigit aculeo ¢ dente flectitur in se). 1583 STany-
HURST Aneis 1. (Arb.) 28 His ships hee kenneld .. vnder an
angle bgt oe’ dee Agee sub ru, yma yal ae
Four, Beasts (1658) vul yena ..
fe ridte of his tacks te a little crooked or dented.
+2. Hollow, nal, Obs,
Surrey Poems, How no age
wit ‘skin How it ‘doth shew my dented
was worn so thin,
orig. f. DENT v. +
és content 16, 1 saw =|
chews, the fles'
DENTEL.
3. Having dents or indentations, indented, toothed ;
+ in Her, =INDENTED (0bs.),
1552 Hutoet, Dented, crenatus. 1572 BossewEt Armorie
ut, 30 Ermyne on a ehiefe dented, Giles. 1578 Lyte Lo-
doens Ul. Vi. 153 His leaves be.. dented or tothed. 1692
Banister in PAi?, Trans. XVII. 672 There is a small [shell]
of the Land-kind, with a dented Aperture. 1776 WITHERING
Brit. Plants (1796) 11. 371 Leaves .. slightly dented at the
end, 1822 J. Fuint Lett. Amer. 87 The ragged, and dented
edges of the strata. "
entel. 47ch. [ad. F. dentelle (formerly -e/e),
now used in sense of 16th c. dentil/e.] =DENTIL.
1850 Leircu tr. Miller's Anc, Art § 189. 170 Blending of the
Ionic dentels with the Doric triglyphs. 1876 Gwitt Aucycl.
Archit. Gloss., Dentils or Dentels, the small square blocks
or projections in the bed mouldings of cornices in the Ionic,
Corinthian, Composite, and occasionally Doric orders.
Dentelated, dentellated (dentéleitéd),
ppl. a. [Formed after F. dente/é ‘ toothed, toothic ;
full of iags resembling little teeth’, Cotgr. (in
Thierry 1564), f. OF. dentele, mod.F. dentelle,
dim. of dent tooth.] Having small teeth, inden-
tations, or notches; finely indented.
19797 W. Tooke Cath. IT (1798) IIL. xiv. 409 note, Ankar-
stroem was armed with a dentelated poignard. 1824 Hener
Frul. (ed. 2) I. xxi. 398 The wall is high, with dentellated
battlements and lofty towers. 1885 AGNrs M.CLERKE /’o/.
Hist. Astron. 90 A very fine red band, irregularly dente-
lated, or as it were crevassed.
Dentelle (dente, Fr. dantgl). [a. F. dente//e,
orig. little tooth, hence lace, a triangular facet,
etc., in OF. dentele (14th c.), dim. of dent tooth.]
|| 1. Lace [Fr.].
1859 Sata 7'w. round Clock (1861) 40 That delicate border
of dentelle.
2. Bookbinding. ‘An ornamental tooling resem-
bling notching or lace’ (Knight Dict. A/ech.).
3. attrib.
J.T. Bent Ruined Cities of Mashonaland iv. 116 ,
I
Tee ten below begins the dentelle pattern.
Dentelure (de:ntéliiiex), Zool. rare. [a. I.
dentelure denticulated border, toothing, f. dentelé
denticulated: see -uRE. In quot. app. associated
with chaussure, cotffure, etc.] Set or provision
of teeth.
1 Covers Fur Anim, xi. 325 The whole dentelure is
modified in adaptation to a piscivorous regimen.
Denter : see Denture.
Denteuous, var. of DaintEous a. Ods.
Denti-, combining form of L. dens, dent-em,
tooth, dent-és teeth. Dentifactor, a machine for
making artificial teeth. Dentila*bial a., having
relation to both teeth and lips. Dentilingual c.,
of or formed by teeth and tongue ; also used as sb.
(sc. consonant, sound, etc.). + Denti-loquent a.,
speaking through the teeth (Blount, 1656); so
+ Denti‘loquist, ‘one that speaks through the
teeth’; Dentiloquy, ‘the act or habit of
speaking through the teeth’ (Ash). + Dentimo--
lary a., belonging to the molar teeth or grinders.
Denti‘parous a., producing teeth. De’ntiphone,
an instrument for conveying sound to the inner ear
through the teeth, an AUDIPHONE.
1875 Wuitney Life Lang, iv. 64 A dentilabial instead of
a purely labial sound. /é/d. 65 Real dentilinguals pro-
duced between the tongue and teeth. 1651 Biccs New
Disp. ® 284 Dentimolary operations. 1849-52 Topp Cyc/.
Anat. 1V.897/1 The vascular dentiparous membrane which
lines the alveolar cavities.
+ Dentiate, v. Ods. [irreg. f. L. dentire.]
1623 CockeraM, Dentiate, to breed teeth.
+Dentical, a. Obs. rare. [f. dens, dent- tooth
4-10 +-AL.] = DENTAL a. 1b.
1776 ‘Courtney Metmorn’ Pupilof Pleas. 11. 216 A Trea-
tise on Toothpicking, wherein I show the precise method of
holding, handling..and replacing the dentical instruments.
Dernticate, v. rare. [f. late L. denticare to
move the teeth (Papias) ; cf. It. denticdre to pinch,
to nible, or brouse with one’s teeth.] To bite or
crush with the teeth.
1999 Sporting Mag. XIII. 37 Masticate, denticate, chump,
grind and swallow.
Denticete (dentist), a [f. L. dent-em tooth
+ cét-us whale.] Toothed (as a whale).
1885 Woop Whale in Longm. Mag. V. 550 The two halves
of the lower jaw, instead of on closely against
each other, as in the Denticete whale, are strongly bowed
outwards, much in the form of a parenthesis ().
Denticle (de‘ntik’l), st. (a.) [ad. L. denti-
culus, dim. of dent-em tooth. Cf. DENTICULE.]
1. A small tooth or tooth-like projection. (In
quot. 1391, a pointer on the ‘rete’ of the astro-
¢ 1391 Cuaucer Asfvol. 1. § 23 Thin Almury is cleped the
denticle of capricorne or elles the kalkuler. 1578 Lyte
Dodoens 1. xcix. 140 Leaves dented round aboute with small
denticles. 1761 Gaertner in Phil. Trans. LIL, 81, 5 small
denticles, that surround a cavity placed in their middle.
1877 Huxtey Anat. Jnv. Anim. v. 237 hag nap teeth
.. besides minute accessory denticles. 188z Mivarr in
Nature No. 615. 337 A sharp tooth, or denticle, at the inner
side of the base of each claw.
2. Arch. = DENTIL. ’
1674 Biount Glossogr., Denticle..also that part of the
Chapiter of a Pillar, which is cut and graven like teeth.
i
199
1723 Cuampers tr. Le Clerc's Treat. Archit. 1, 40 The
distances of the Columns. .are adjusted by a certain number
of Denticles .. the first Denticle A, and the last B, being
each cut .. by the.. Axes of the Columns. /é7d. 43 The
Denticle is that large square Moulding underneath the
Ovolo. 176x Kirsy Perspect. Architect. 39 From the
dentals already drawn the others are to be taken, and also
the denticles.
+ B. adj. Toothed, denticulated. Ods.
1574 Even tr. Varsuer’s de Natura. Magnetis Ded.,
Turned or moued with certayne litle denticle wheeles.
Denticular (dentikis/la1), a. [f. L. denticul-
us (see prec.) + -AR. Cf. mod.F. denticulaire.]
1. Resembling, or of the nature of, a small tooth.
1878 Bett Gegenbauer’s Comp, Anat. 160 Converted into
a gizzard by the development of denticular processes,
3. Arch, Characterized by having dentils.
1842-76 Gwitt Eucycl, Archit. 1. i. 817 The difference
between the mutular and denticular Doric lies entirely in
the entablature. my :
Denticulate (denti-kis/lct), a. [ad. L. denticu-
lat-us, f. denticul-us; see DENTICLE and -ATR? 2.]
1, Having small teeth or tooth-like projections ;
finely toothed.
1661 Lovett //ist. Anim. § Min. Introd., Of a denticulate
asperity. 1826 Goon Bk. Nat. (1834) IL. 41 ‘The bill... den-
ticulate or toothed. 1870 Hooker Strat. / ora 18 Sepals
denticulate.
2. Arch. =Denvicutar 2. 8. In coms,
1856-8 W. CLark Van der Hoeven's Zool. MW. 383 Bill
subulate..with margins denticulate-serrate. 1872 OLIvEeR
Elem. Bot. App. 308 Leaves. .denticulate-serrate.
Hence Denti‘culately a/v., in a denticulate
manner, with denticulation. 1847 in Craic.
Often in Bot. and Zool., as denticulately serrated, cilt-
ated, etc,
Denticulated (denti‘kisleitéd), Af/. a. [fas
prec. +-ED.] 1. =prec. 1.
1665 GLANVILL Scepsis Sc? 48 Supposing both wheels to
be denticulated, the little wheel will with its teeth describe
lines, 1826 Kirey & Se. Avtomol. (1828) 1V. xxxviii. 49
With a denticulated margin. 1869 Puirson tr. Gu‘lemin's
The Sun (1870) 244 The passage of the Sun's rays along the
denticulated edge of the moon,
2. Arch. =prec. 2.
1823 P. Nichotson Pract. Build. 447 They are called
Dentils ; and the cornices are said to be denticulated.
Denticulation (denti-kislélfon). [f. L. denti-
cul-us (see DENTICLE) + -ATION: cf. denfation.]
The condition of being denticulate or finely toothed;
usually conc. an instance of this; a series of small
teeth or tooth-like projections (mostly in /2.).
1681 Grew Museum (J.), The denticulation of the edges of
the bill, or those small oblique incisions made for the better
without denticulations. 1874 Moccripce Ants & Spiders
Supp. 259 ‘The denticulation of the tarsal claws. .is similar.
Denticule (dentikivl). Arch. [a. F. denticule
(1545 in transl. of Vitruvius), ad. L. denticel-as
little tooth, dim. of dens, dent-em tooth: see -CULE,
Also used in Latin form.] = Deni b.
1563 Suute Archit, Cjb, In Corona, ye shal make Denti-
culos. /éid. Civa, They haue added Echinus, and Den-
ticuli. 1846 Worcester, Denticule (Arch.), the flat pro-
jecting part of a cornice, on which dentils are cut. /rancés.
Dentie, obs. form of Dainty ; esf.in phrase Ay
Gods dentie, by God’s dignity or honour.
1564-78 Butteyn Dial. agst. Pest. (1888) 62 V. Gods
dentie, Jacke sauce, whence came you? A, How pretely
you can call verlet and sweare by Gods dentie !
+ Dentient (denfiént), a Obs. rare. [ad. L.
dentient-em ‘ teething’, pr. pple. of dentire to cut
the teeth.] Teething.
1651 Biccs New Disf. P 248 An Infant of a year old, who
is dentient and febrient.
Dentifactor : see under DENTI-.
Dentification (dentifike'fon). [f. L. dens,
dent-em tooth + -FICATION. The cognate verb
would be dentify. So in mod.F. (Littré.)] Con-
version into the substance of a tooth, formation of
dentine, (Cf. oss¢fication.)
1878 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. I. 564 A change in form of
the dental pulp prior to its dentification.
Dentiform (dentiffim), a. [f. L. type *dent7-
Jorm-is (used in mod.L.), f. dent-em tooth: see
-FoRM. So F. dentiforme (Littré).] Of the form
of a tooth, tooth-shaped, odontoid.
1708 Motteux Rabelais v. xxi. (1737) 93 Their Dentiform
Vertebra. 1843 PortLock Geo/. 213 Carbonate of lime .. in
prismatic, rhomboidal, and dentiform crystals.
+ Dentiformed, a. Ods. =prec.
1578 Banister Hist. Man 1. 19 The cause of the second
Vertebres mouyng, and of the dentiformed Processe.
+ Denti‘fric, a. Ods. rare. =next.
1760 Lond. Mag. *KXIX. 204 The Dentifrick Elaboratory
of the celebrated Professor Webb,
+ Denti‘frical, a. Obs. rare. [f. L. type
*dentifric-us (cf. DENTIFRICE) +-AL.] Of or per-
taining to a dentifrice, edi ao ctig %
1806 R. WinstanLey in Monthly Mag. XXI. 389 As to
its dentifrical properties.
+ Dentifricator (dentifrike':toz). Ods. [f. L.
dent-em tooth + fricator one who tubs, after L.
dentifricium.| A professional cleanser of teeth.
DENTINOID,
c1700 D. G. Harangues of Quack Doctors 13 Doctor,
Chymist, and Dentrificator. 1752 A. Muxruy Gray’ s-/u2
Frul. No. 12 The Profession I have taken up..is that of a
Dentifricator, or what the Vulgar call a Cleaner of ‘I'ceth.
Dentifrice (de‘ntifris). [a. F. dentifrice (15th
c. in Hatzf.), ad. L. dentifrictum, f. dent-em tooth
+fricare to rub.]_ A powder or other preparation
for rubbing or cleansing the teeth ; a tooth-powder
or tooth-paste ; also applied to liquid preparations.
1558 Warpve tr. Alexis Secr. 1. fol. 53 a, Dentifrices or rub-
bers for the teeth of great perfection, for to make them cleane.
1594 Prat Fewedll-ho., Dinerse New Exper. 74 Sweet and
delicate dentifrices or rubbers for the teeth. 1601 HoLtanp
Pliny Il. 591 Vhe best dentifrices for to cleanse or whiten
the teeth, be made of the pumish. 1694 Lond. Gaz. No.
2985/4 An excellent Dentrifice, or Powder, for cleansing
Teeth, — 1718 Quincy Compl. Disp, 92 Myrrh is also an ex-
cellent Dentrifice. 1876 Bartuotow Mat. Med. (1879) 323
Camphor enters into the composition of many dentifrices.
Dentigerous (dentisdzéras), a. Zool. and
Anat. f. L. type *dentt-ger tooth-bearing +
-ous: in mod.F. dentigere.] Bearing teeth.
1839-47 Topp Cyd. Anat, IIT. 97y/2 ‘Vhe..membrane lining
the dentigerous cavity. 1847-9 /d7d. IV. 288/1 The teeth
of the dentigerous Saurian. .reptiles are..simple. 1870 Row-
LEsStON Anim. Life 6 Vhe jaws are generally dentigerous.
Dentil (dentil). Arch. Also 7 dentile. [a.
obs. I, dentille (16th c. in Littré) ; a fem. deriv. of
dent; cf. Pr. dentilh masce. :—L. denticulus, dim. of
dens, dent-em tooth. See also DENTICULE, DENTEL.]
Kach of the small rectangular blocks, resembling
a row of tecth, under the bed-moulding of the
cornice in the Ionic, Corinthian, Composite, and
sometimes Doric, orders.
1663 Grernier Counsed 71 The Dentiles at three pence per
foot. 1783 Ainswortu Lat. Dict. (Morell) 1, Dentles [in
architecture], dentud?. 1849 Freeman elochit. 113 The
dentils introduced just under the cornic are a great source
of richness. — 1 C, ‘Tl. Newton 7 xa vant XXxViil, 307
A stone forming the angle of a small pediment, with dentils
coarsely executed,
+b. “ransf. That member of the entablature in
which the dentils (when present) are cut. Obs.
1726 Leoni ellberti’s Archit, HW. gob, An upright cyma-
tium; and over that’ a plain dentil. 1789 P. Smyist tr.
Aldrich's Archit. (181%) &y A reglet divided, its parts alter-
nately omitted, is called a dentil.
e. altri.
1754 in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) 1. 38 Vhat..a
Parapet Wall be erected, adorned with a Dentil Cornice.
1812-6 J. Smitn Panorama Sc. & Art 1,180 Under the
modillions is placed an ovolo, and then a fillet and the dentil
face, which is often left uncut in exterior work. 1823 P.
Nicuotson Pract. Build. 474 Vhe dentil-bands should re-
main uncut. 1865 J. G. Nicnots in //eradd § Geneal. July
254 The classical dentil moulding.
Dentilabial: sce under DENTI-.
Dentilated, ///. a. [Variant of DenTELATED,
after DentIL.] ‘ Formed like teeth; having tecth.’
So Dentilation, ‘the formation of teeth, denti-
tion’ (Worcester, 1846); denticulation (of a mar-
gin), perforation of postage stamps.
1867 Philatelist L, 29 Vhe regulation and perfection of the
dentilation,
Dentile (dentil). Conchol
obs. F. dentil/e.] (See quots.)
1864 Wesster, Ventile (Conch.), a small tooth like that of
asaw, 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex.., Dentite, aterm applied to a
small sharp tooth-like projection on the border of a shell.
Dentilingual,-loquent, etc.: seceunder DrENTI-.
Dentinal (dentinal), @. [f. DENTINE + -AL.]
Pertaining to or of the nature of dentine.
1847-9 Topp Cyc?. Anat. 1V. 382/2 The calcification of the
dentinal pulp. 1870 Rotieston Anim, Life Introd. 45 The
dentinal tissue is free from anchylosis with the alveolus.
Dentine, dentin (dentin). Anat. [f. L.
dent-em tooth + -INE.] The hard tissue, resem-
bling bone but usually denser, which forms the
chief constituent of the teeth.
1840-5 OwEN Odontography I. Introd. 3, I propose to call
the substance which forms the main part ofall teeth ‘dentine’
..‘Dentine’ consists of an organized animal basis disposed
in the form of extremely minute tubes and cells, and of
earthy particles. 1878 I’. Bryant Pract. Surg. I. 565 Well-
formed dentine is uniformly dense and ivory-like.
De'nting, 2//. sé. [f. Denv v.+-1NG1.]
1. The action of the verb DENT, q.v.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvu. clxii. (1495) 709 After
many manere castynge, hewynge, dentynge, and planynge.
1sgt Percivatt Sf. Dict., Abolladura, denting in with
blowes, beating in, con/usio. : : :
+2. The result of this action ; an indentation.
1388 Wycuir Ex. xxvi. 17 Twei dentyngis [1382 rabitis]
schulen be in the sidis of a table, bi which a table schal
be ioyned to another table.
+3. Arch, =DENTIL. Obs.
1730 A. Gorvon Maffei's Amphith. 367 The great Cornish,
with Modilions and Dentings.
De-nting, #//. a. [f. as prec.+-1ne *.]_ That
dents; +that strikes a blow.
1575 Appius & Virginia Epil. in Hazl. Dodsley IV. 155
But denting death will cause them all to grant this world
as vain.
Dentinoid, z. [f. Dentine+-o1.] Like or
of the character of dentine.
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dentinoid tumour, a dental osteoma
arising from the crown of the tooth ; socalled from its struc-
ture being like dentine covered with enamel.
[var. of Dentin,
DENTIROSTER.
Dentiparous, -phone: see under Dentt-.
Dentiroster. Ornith. rare. [a. F. denti-
rostre, ad, mod.L. dentirostr-is, f. L. denti- tooth
+ rostrum beak, of which the pl. Dentirostrés was
introduced by Cuvier as the name of a family of
birds.] A member of the Demtivostres or Passerine
birds having a tooth or notch on each side of the
upper mandible. By Cuvier applied to an immense
assemblage of birds having no natural relations ;
by more recent naturalists restricted to the Turdoid
or thrush-like Passeres or Jnsessores.
[1839 Jarpine Brit. Birds II, — first ‘of the great
tribes into which the insessorial birds are separated, the
Dentirostres.] 1847 Craic, Dentirosters, Dentirostres.
Hence Dentiro'stral, Dentiro'strate ad/s., be-
longing to the Dentirostres ; having a toothed beak.
1841 Proc. Berw. Nat. Club 1. 251 The Dentirostral tribe.
1847 Craic, Dentirostrate. 1876 Amer. Cycl. XV. 727
A very large family of dentirostral birds. 1883 Syd. Soc.
Lex., Dentirostrate, having the characters of the Denti-
rostres. |
Dentiscalp. [ad. L. dentiscalpium toothpick,
f. Denti- + sca/p-ére to scrape, scratch.]
1656 Biount Glossogr., Dentiscalp, an instrument to scrape
the teeth, a tooth-picker. 1708 W. Kin Cookery iii, Re-
marks from the ancients concerning dentiscalps, vulgarly
called tooth-picks. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Dentiscalp,
an instrument for scaling teeth.
Dentise, -ize,v.: sce 7st of Spurious Words.]
Dentist (dentist). [ad. F. dentiste, f. L. dent-
em, ¥, dent, tooth: see -Ist.] One whose pro-
fession it is to treat diseases of the teeth, extract
them, insert artificial ones, ete. ; a dental surgeon.
1759 Edin. Chron.15 Sept. 4 Dentist figures it now in our
newspapers, and may do well enough for a French puffer ;
but we fancy Rutter is content with being called a tooth-
drawer, 1760 Lond. Mag. XXI1X. 204 This distinguished
Dentist and Dentologist. 1808 Med. Frul. XIX. 192 Mr.
Moor, Surgeon Dentist to Her Royal Highness the Duchess
of York. 1855 O. W. Hotmes Poems 149 No! Pay the
dentist when he leaves A fracture in your jaw.
Denti'stic, a. [f. prec. + -1¢.] =next.
In mod. Dicts.
Denti'stical, @. rare. [f. as prec. +-at.]
Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of a dentist.
1851 H. Mecvitte Whale xlvii. 303 Little boxes of den-
tistical-looking instruments. 1853 Ly1ron A/y Novel(Rtldg.)
164 The crocodile .. opens his jaws inoffensively to a faith-
ful dentistical bird, who volunteers his beak for a toothpick.
Dentistry (dentistri). [f. as prec. + -ky.]
The profession or practice of a dentist.
1838 /ait’s Mag. V. 197 Dentistry, as we find it called, is
growing into a profession. 1886 Act 49-50 Vict. c. 48 § 26
Rights .. to practise dentistry or dental surgery in any
part of Her Majesty's dominions.
Dentition ((lentijon.
teething, n. of action from denfire to teeth.
in mod.F, in Dict. Zrev. 18th c.)]
1. The production or ‘cutting’
teething.
1615 Crooke Body of Man 969 Dentition or the breeding
of the ‘Teeth begins about the seauenth yeare, sometimes
sooner, 1666 J. SmitH O/d Age (ed. 2) 140 Dentition and
Locution are for the most part Contemporaries. 1801 Jed.
Frnt. V. 567 Latest Theories of difficult Dentition, 1870
Lowrie Among my Bks. Ser. 1. (1873) 365 With many con-
stitutions it is as purely natural a crisis as dentition, A/od.
‘The second dentition is to some children as critical a period
as the first.
2. The arrangement of the teeth, with regard to
kind, number, and order, proper to a particular
animal, or to an animal at a particular age.
[ad. L. dentition-em
of the teeth;
1849 Sk. Nat. /1ist., Mammalia \V. 25 The dentition is |
as follow :—Incisors, $; molars, q 1855 OweEN Teeth
285 The dentition of the genus Elephas includes two long
tusks. 1880 Haucuton P/y’s. Geog. vi. 273 Of all distin-
guishing characters, the dentition of an animal is one of the
most important,
+ Dentity. O¢s. nonce-wd. {f L. dens, dent-
em tooth +-1Ty.] The age of teething.
1638 ‘I. Wiitaker Blood of Grape 43 Infancy, Dentity
and another .. age, and then puberity itselfe.
Dento-, an incorrect combining form of L.
dent-em tooth, as in Dento-lingual, etc.: see
Denti-. Also in Dento'logist, Dento‘logy.
1760 [see Dentist]. 1835 7'ait's Mag. II. 538 The purely
ornamental branch of dentology.
De-ntoid, a. rare. [Bad formation, from L.
dent-em tooth + Gr. -o«dns, -o1p.] Tooth-like,
dentiform, ODoNnToID. 1828 Wessrer cites BARTON.
Dentor, dentour: see Denture !, indenture.
+ Dentulated, p/. a. Obs. = DENTICULATED.
1796 STRDMAN Surinam (1813) II, xxiv. 220 Its leaves ..
dentulated with hard prickles.
+Denture'. Ods. Also dentor, dentour.
Aphetic form of INDENTURE. ;
e400 Beryn 2 3 An entre [pat] as a dentour wriythe.
1481-90 Homewd ‘ouseh, Bks. (Roxb.) 348 As it perith be
dentor .. lix. bales of Gene wode. 1 Schole-ho,. Women
837 in Hazl. #. P. P. 1V. 137 Of you I haue no denture.
Denture’. vare. Also 7 denter. [f. Dent
v.+-URE.] Indentation, indent.
1685 Act 1 Fas. /1, c. 22 (Parish St. James's, Westm.).
Crossing from the south-west corner of the wall of the said
house in the said Portugal Street to the middle denter
thereof. . Proceeding from the said middle denter westwards.
So >
200
1822 Blackw. Mag. X11. 532 Those clear atmospheres ..
allow every denture of the chisel to be conspicuous.
Denture * (dentitiz). [a. F. denture (14-15th
c. dentetire in Hatzf.), f. dent tooth: see -URE.}
A set of teeth ; esf. of artificial teeth.
‘ Kwicut Dict. Alech. 1. 685/2 An instrument for match-
ing the dentures of upper and lower jaw. 1882 Worcester
Exhib. Catal. iii. 58 Specimens of dentures in wax, before
vulcanizing, 1891 Pall Mall G. 21 Aug.s/2 Method of pre-
venting anterior and lateral movements in artificial dentures
in edentulous cases.
Denty, obs. form of Dainty.
Dentyuous, var. of Darnrgors a. Obs.
Denucleate, -ed: see Dr- Il. 1.
Denudate (dini# dt, denivdt), a. [ad. L.
deniidat-us, pa. pple. of déntidave to DENUDE.]
Denuded ; naked, bare.
1866 7 reas. Bot., Denudate, when a surface which has
once been hairy, downy, etc., becomes naked. 1883 Syd.
Soc. Lex., Denudate, stripped; naked. Applied to plants
whose flowers have no flower-cup.
Denudate (de'nisde't, diniide't), v. [f. ppl.
stem of L. déniiddre, to DENUDE. All the dicts.
down to Smart 1849, stress denu-date: see note to
CoNnTEMPLATE.] (vans. To strip naked or bare; =
DENUDE.
1627-77 Fectuam Resolves u. xi. 182 Dionysia, a Noble
Matron, was denudated and barbarously scourged. 16%
Sik 1. Hersert /rav. 147 Painted .. as be their feet an
legs, both which are denudated in their dances. 1657 ‘Tom-
Linson Aenou's Disp, 261 The elder .. is last denudated of
its leaves. 1 Decay Chr. Piety xix. § 2. 363 Till he have
thus denudated himself of all these encumbrances, 1816
Kirsy & Sp. Entomol. (1843) I. 218 note, A perfect skeleton
denudated of every fibril of muscle.
Hence Denudated f//. a., Denudating vd/. sb.
and pf/. a.
1672 Phil. Trans. V11. 5032 In the denudated parts of the
lobe. 1849 Dana Geol. vil. (1850) 355 The denudating agents
that could scoop out valleys. 1876 Davis Polaris Exp.
App. 661 Glacial scratches .. upon denudated surfaces.
enudation (denivdéifan). [a. F. dénuda-
tion, in 14th c. -acton (Hatzf.), ad. L. dénidation-
em, n, of action from densidare: see prec.]
1. The action of making naked or bare; a strip-
ping off of clothing or covering; denuded con-
dition.
1584 R. Scor Discov. Witcher. xv. xxiv. 371 Denudation
and unction with holie oil. 1714 Manpevitte Kad, Bees
(1725) I®s59 To be modest, we ought .. to avoid all unfashion-
able denudations. 1816 Keatince 7vav. (1817) 1. 44 The
inns .. ina state of denudation of furniture. 1884 A/anch,
Exam. 10 July 5/3 Ireland, once a land of forests, has suffered
enormously from the process of denudation,
+b. fig. The action of laying bare; exposure.
1593 Nasne Foure Lett. Confut. 62 All this he barely re-
peates without any disprouement or denudation. 16ar
Donne Serm, cxviil. V. 74 The Denudation of your Souls
and your Sins by a humble confession. ae
e. The action of divesting or depriving.
1633 ‘I. Avams E.xf. 2 Peter iit. 10 Such a destitution of |
succour, and denudation ofall refuge. 1644 Br. Haut Devout |
Sond § 10(U.) Uhere must be a denudation of the mind from
all those images of our phantasy... that may carry our
thoughts aside. 1871 Earte PAilol. Eng. Tongue § 579 The
subjunctive is distinguished from the indicative merely by |
the denudation of flexion. :
2. Geol. The laying bare of an underlying rock
or formation through the wearing away or erosion
of that which lies above it, by the action of water,
ice, or other natural agency.
1811 Farey in PAtl. Trans. 242 (title), Account of the
great Derbyshire Denudation, 1823 W. BuckxLanp Reéig.
Diluv, 118 note, This gorge is simply a valley of denudation.
1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. xviii. (1852) Far Sonsidering the
enormous power of denudation which the sea possesses.
1878 Huxtey Physiogr. 149 At the present rate of denuda-
tion, it would require about 5} million years to reduce the
British Isles to a flat plane at the level of the sea.
Denudative (d/nivdétiv), a. [f. déniidat-,
ppl. stem of L. dénidiére to DENUDE: see -1VE.]
aving the quality of denuding ; causing denuda-
tion (e.g. of strata). ag
Mod. The denudative action of water; denudative agencies.
Denu‘datory, @. rare. [f. ppl. stem dénidat-
of L. déniidare: see -ORY.]) = DENUDATIVE.
1845 Newnotn in Yrud. Asiatic Soc, Bengal XIV. 293 This
continuity .. violated by .. denudatory aq causes,
Denude (diniid), v. [ad. L. déniida-re to
make naked, lay bare, f. Dr- I. 3 + s#/dére to make
naked, nidus naked. (Cf. mod.F. dénuder 1790 in
Hatzf. The earlier F. verb is dénuer, OF. denuer,
desnuer.)}
1. “rans. To make naked or bare; to strip of
clothing or covering; spec. in Geol. of natural
agencies: To lay bare (a rock or formation) by
the removal of that which lies above it.
1658 Evetyn Fr. Gard. (1675) 88 Some when they alter
their cases, denude them of all the earth. 169 Ray Crea-
tton 1. (1704) 120 If you denude a Vine-Branch of its Leaves.
1845 Darwin Moy. Nat. (1852) 12 That any power... could
have denuded the granite over so many thousand square
leagues? 1866 Livincstone ¥rnd. (1873) I. v. 124 The long
— are nearly denuded of trees. A. R, WALLACE
Isl. Life vii. 111 Rapidly denuded by rain and rivers.
2. Le. To strip, divest, deprive (of any possession,
attribute, etc.),
DENUNCIANT.
Doveias 42 neis vin. ix. 65 Nor this burgh of sa mony
_ lesolat and it. Bevienven Cron.
citesanis Left d 1
Scott. (1821) I. 95 To denude him of Romane
e lady, and
to adhere to his a oe ee ee a
Cerem, m1. i. 6 He denudes hi df all right and title,
which .. he might claime vnto it. 1862 Maurice Mor. &
Met. Philos. VV. viii. § 53. 492 Denuded of much of his wit
and cleverness. 1874 J. 5 x Church of Revol. xvii.
395, Denuding them of political rights, they denied them
duties. s
b. intr. (for ref.) To divest oneself.
1880 Muimneap Gaius Digwst a¢ An heir .. fraudulently
giving a secret promise to in favour of one to whom
tru: ift was 2. 28.2 A A, A hi If liable to +4
bid. 497 The heir denuding did not thereby cease to be heir.
+3. To lay bare to the mind, disclose, make
clear. Obs. rare.
1572 Forrest Theophilus 128 in Anglia VII, Then appro,
bation the case fae ys hy sf y :
Hence Denu‘ded, Denu‘ding ///. ad/s.
1639 in Maidment Sc. Pasguil (1868) 85 Denuding motions
wer not entertained, 1823 J. Tuomson Lect. /nflam. 467 The
denuded les were ingly en Murcuison
Siluria vii. 125 From the denuded valley of Wigmore.
1878 Huxtey Physiogr. 131 Its power [tropical rain] as a
denuding agent is almost incredible.
+ Denu de, //. a. Sc. le for denuded,
denudit ; cf. devoid.) Denuded, deprived, bereft,
devoid (of).
1552 Lynpesay Monarche 5430 Sonne and Mone ar, boith,
denude Off lycht. 1560 RotLanp Crt. Venus mi. 512 He..
was Cenude of his Kingdome. 1570 Satir. Poems Reform.
xvi. 75 Gylouris of godlynes denude !
Denu:dement. rare. [-mMENT.] = Denudation,
denuded condition.
1831 Soutney in Q. Rev. XLV. 424 He continued to live
in privations and denudement.
+Denwll, v. Oss. [f. De- I. 3 + L. null-us
none, null: cf. DisNuLL, DisanNnuL.] ¢rvans. To
reduce to nullity; to annul, make void.
1494 Fasyan Chron. vu. 402 After the deth of Kynge
Edwarde that banysshement was soone denulled. 1552
Bury Wills (Camden) 141, I denull, disalow, and sett att
nothing all former wills and testaments,
+Denumber, v. O/s. In 4-5 denoumbre.
[a. F. dénombrer (in Littré and Hatzf. only of 16th
c.), f. De- 1. 3 + nombrer to number, after dénu-
merare, erroneous scribal variant of L. dinumerare
to count out, enumerate, f. di-, Dis- + numerare
to count.] ¢vans. To number, count, reckon up.
1382 Wycur /s. Ixxxix. [xc.] 11 Who knew3 the power of
thi wrathe; and for thi drede thi wrathe denoumbren ?
+Denu‘mberment. (ls. [a. F. dénombre-
ment (1376 in Hatzf.), f. dénombrer to DENUMBER:
see -MENT.] The act of numbering or reckoning
up; a reckoning, enumeration.
1455 Paston Lett. 1. No. 263. 360 For the value and de-
ment of iiij m! saluz of yerly rent. 1633 J. Done
Hist. Septuagint 29 He commanded Demetrius. .to deliver
him the denomberment of the Hebrew Volumes. 1657 North's
Plutarch, Addit. Lives (1676) 47 By the denumberment of
the Roman Consuls, we find that he lived long before.
Denu'merant. Math, [a. L. dénumerant-em
pr. pple. : see next.] The number expressing how
many solutions a given system of equations admits
of. Hence Denumerantive, a.
1859 SvivesteR Outl. Lect. on Partitions of Numbers 1.2
I ion and L defined. /é/d. 11. 4 To find
the denumerant of r+2y+42 = %. Jéid. LIL. 4 Denumer-
antive function distinguished from d
+Denu'merate, v. Ols. rare~°. _[f. ppl.
stem of L. dénumerare: see DENUMBER.]
1656 Biount Glossogr., Denumerate, to pay ready money,
to pay money down, . ‘.
umeration (d/nis:méré'-fan). [ad. L.
de-, dinumeration-em, n. of action from dé-, dinu-
merare: see prec.)
+1. A reckoning up, enumeration, Ods.
1623 Favine Theat. Hon. v1. ix. 152 As it is written in the
it ion of the C bles. 1651 Lp. Dicny Left. conc,
Relig. iv. 48 A in their di ion of H :
b. Reckoning by numbers, arithmetical calcu-
lation. rare.
1851 Manse. Prolegom. Logica (1860) 11 smote, Subtraction
may be demonstrated from Addition .. though it is simpler
to regard Sut jon as an independent pr of denu-
meration. 2
e. Math. The determination of the denumerant
of an equation, 1859 [see DenumeRanr.]
+2. (See quots.) Ods. -
1727 Baiey vol. II, Pomel oa paying down
of money. 1848 in Wuarton Law Lex.
|| Denuncia (denwnpia, -sii). [Sp.; =denun-
ciation; f. denunciar to denounce.) In Mexico
and Spanish America; The judicial proceedings
by which a mine, lands, etc., are denounced, and
the rights issuing from this action are secured ; see
Denounce v. 8.
Dens hp [f. L. dénuntiare ( xt)
Denu'ncia a, [f. e (see ne
+ -BLE.] That can be denounced, proper to be
denounced ; see DENOUNCE 2. 8.
In mod. Dicts.
_Denunciant (dénensiant, -fiint), @. [ad. L.
denuntiant-em, pr. pple. of dénuntiare (see next)
to Denounce.] Denouncing.
DENUNCIATE,
3837 CartyLe 7, Rev. (1857) II. 1. v. v. 66 Of all which
things .. Patriot France is informed: by denunciant friend,
by triumphant foe.
[f. ppl.
Denunciate (d/n nsijc't, -fiel't), v.
stem of L. dénuntiare, -nunciare to give official
information, Denounce, f. De- I. 3 + sntiare
(nunctare) to make known, narrate, report.] ¢rans.
and zzév. To denounce; to utter denunciation
against.
1593 Nasue Christ's 7. (1613) 46 Should I not so haue
r and d ed against thee, thy blood would
haue bene required at my hands. 1656 BLount Glosscgr.,
Denunciate,to denounce or give warning, to proclaim. 1796
Bure Regic. Peace i, Wks. VIII. x89 An exigent interest,
to denunciate this new work. 1865 De Morcan in A thenvum
No. 1987. 729/1 He only enunciated and denunciated. x
ure g Rev. XXX. 183 Some rabid Irish Protestant
lecturer denunciating the Church of Rome.
Hence Denu'nciating ///. a.
1847 Lv. G. Bentinck in Croker Papers (1884) III. xxv.
161 An altar -denunciating priest [in Ireland]. 1893
Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch 15 Sept., Other denunciating ex-
pressions are employed against the special pension examiners.
Denunciation (d/nz:nsi,Z!-fan). Also 6 de-
nunti-, 8 denounci-. [ad. L. déunti-, dénuncia-
tidn-em, n. of action from adénuntidre to denounce,
ete. Cf. F. dénonciation (13th c. in Littré), which
may be the immediate source.]
+L Official, formal, or public announcement;
declaration, proclamation. Oés. (exc. in senses in-
fluenced by 2).
1548 Act 2-3 Edw. VJ, c. 13 $13 Upon Denunciation and
Publication thereof [sentence of excommunication] in the ..
Parish where the Party so excommunicate is dwelling. 1583
Exec. for Treason (1675) 37 Vinding this kind of denunci-
tion of War as adefiance. 1603 Suaxs. A/eas. for M7. 1. ii.
152 She is fast my wife, Saue that we doe the denunciation
lacke Of oitward: Order. 1649 Br. Hat Cases, Conse. 1v.
ix. (1654) 366 This publique and reiterated denunciation of
Bannes before matrimony. 1765 BLACKSTONE Comm. I. 258
Why .. a denunciation of war ought always to precede the
actual commencement of hostilities. 1803 Jane PorTer
Thaddeus i. (1831) 8 Anxious to read in the countenance of
7, husband the denunciation of our fate. 1859 Sat. Rev.
VII. 29/1 A denunciation of coming hostilities. :
2. Announcement of evil, punishment, etc., in the
manner of a warning or threat.
1563 Homilies u. Rebellion (1859) 550 With denunciation
of death if he did transgress and break the said law. 1612
Brinstey Lud. Lit. xxix. (1627) 292 That severe denunci-
ation of our Saviour for this undiscreet anger..may humble
us continually. 1737 Wuiston Yosephus’ Antig. x. vii. § 4
The prophet .. by the denunciation of miseries, weakened
the alacrity of the multitude. 1752 Jounson Rambler No.
195 6 Full of malignity and denunciations against a man
whose name they had never heard. 1856 FroupE //7st,
Eng. I. 379 But if he still delayed his marriage, it was
probably neither because he was frightened by her denun-
ciations nor from alarm at the usual occurrence of an equi-
noctial storm.
+3. Sc. Law. The action of denouncing (a person)
as a rebel, or to the horn. See DENOUNCE z. 4 a.
1579 Sc. Acts ¥as. VI (1597) § 75 After their denuntiation
of ony persones to the horne. 1592 /d/d. §- 138 In case onie
denunciationes of Horninges, sall happen to be made at the
said mercat Croce of Edinburgh. 1752 J. LoutHian Forn
of Process (ed. 2) 141 That..ye..relax the said —,
and —-——— from the Process of Denounciation led against
them. 186x W. Bett Dict. Law Scotl. 274/2 The conse-
quences of denunciation, whether on account of civil or
criminal matters, were formerly highly penal.
4. Accusation before a public prosecutor; dela-
tion.
308 Fraunce Lawiers Log. t. xii. 53, take a presentment
to bee a meere denuntiation of the jurors themselves, or of
some other officer without any other information. 1726
Ayuirre Parergon 210 There are three ways of Proceeding
in Criminal Causes, viz., by Accusation, Denunciation, and
Inquisition, ‘ r
. The action or an act of denouncing as evil;
public condemnation or inveighing against.
1842 Mech. Mag. XXXVI. 6 Denunciation on denuncia-
tion has been fulminated from the press—and yet the com-
panies have adhered. .to their life-and-limb-destroying prac-
tices. 1874 Green Short Hist. vii. § 5. 395 A hot denun-
ciation of the Scottish claim. |
6. The action of denouncing (z. 7) a treaty, etc.
1885 Act 48-9 Vict. c. 49 Sched. Art. xvi, If one of the
Signatory Powers denounce the Convention, such denunci-
ation shall have effect only as regards that Power.
Denunciative (d/nvns-, dénwnfijetiv), a. [f.
L. denuntiat- (see DENUNCIATE) + -IVE.] Given
to or characterized by denunciation ; denunciatory.
Hence Denw-nciatively adv.
@ 1626 W. Sciarer Three Sermons (1629) 21 It’s spoken. .
Denunciatiuely. 1860 Sat. Rev. X. ea They must be of
a denunciative turn of mind. 1860 Farrar Language iv.
(L.), The clamorous, the idle, and the ignorantly denunci-
ative. .
Denunciator (dinvns-, dénmnfijelter). In 5
denonciatour, 6 denounciator, [a. F. dénon-
ciateur (1408 in Hatzf.), ad. L. dénuntiator-em,
agent-n. from dénuntidre to denounce.] One who
denounces or utters denunciations ; a denouncer ;
in Czv. Law: One who lays an information against
another, 3a
1474 Caxton Chessé un. i. (1860) E iij b, His accusers or
denonciatours. 1563 Foxe A. § M/. 700 a, Concerning
Wylliam Lattymer and John Hooper, the pretenced de-
— tl hi matter. 1694 HALLE ¥ersey iv. 104 Two
OL, .
201
Denunciators, or-Under-Sheriffs, 1726 Ayuirre Pareryon
210 The Denunciator does not inscribe himself, nor make
himself a Party in Judgment as the Accuser does, 1833
Lams Elia (1860) 402 The denunciators have been fain to
per the prophecy. 1885 Sfec/ator 29 Aug. 1125/1 Mr.
Parnell, the denunciator of evicting landlords.
Denunciatory (dtnwns-, dénvnfiatori), a.
[f. L. type *denuntiatori-us, {. dénuntidtor: see
prec. and -ory.]
+1. Of or pertaining to official announcement.
Letter denunciatory: a letter or mandate authorizing
publication or announcement. Ods.
1726 AyiirrE Parergon 70 All Beadles and Apparitors ..
are forbidden .. to denounce or publish any such sentence
pronounced by Deans and Archdeacons, without the special
Mandate or Letters Denunciatory of their Masters.
2. Of or pertaining to denunciation; characterized
by denouncing, accusing, arraigning, condemning.
1837 CartyLe #7. Kev. u. v1. viii, Breathless messengers,
fugitive Swiss, denunciatory Patriots. 1866 Gro. Exior /*.
Holt 11. xxii. 112 His talk had been pungent and denunci-
atory. 1866 Mrs. Stowe Lit. /o.ves 81 Housekeepers are
intolerant, virulently denunciatory concerning any depar-
tures from. their particular domestic creed.
Denow'rishment. rave. [Dr- II. 1.] =next.
1850 Cham, Frnl. XIV. 76 On this hypothesis coffee
would not nourish, but it would prevent denourishment.
Denutrition (dsnisstri:fan). [See Dr- I. 6, or
II. 3.] The opposite to nutrition ; reversal of the
nutritive process ; in A/ed. treatment by deprivation
of nourishment. Also attrib.
1876 BartHotow Jat. Aled. (1879) 31 From these data we
are enabled to form an estimate of the amount and kind of
food necessary to maintain life in those cases of disease in
which it is desirable to apply the method of denutrition.
Ibid. 45 The hunger or denutrition cure.
Deny (dinoi-, v. Forms: 4-6 denye, 6-7
denie, 4- deny ; also 4—5 denoy(e, 4-7 denay(e.
[a. F. dénter (OF. also deneter, -noter, -neer)=Pr.
deneyar, denegar, Sp. denegar, It. dinegare:-L.
déenegare, {. Dre- 1. 3 + negire to say no, refuse,
deny. In OF. the atonic stem-form was denet-er,
denot-er (:—denega@'re), the tonic dent-e (:—deniete
:—dénegat); by carrying each of these through,
there arose two forms dene?-e7 (denot-er), dent-er,
whence ME. deney, denay (denoy), and deny. By
16th c. writers, to whom dexay was more or less of
an archaism, it was apparently associated with
nay: cf. the following :
1802 ARNOLDE Chron. (1811) 279 Y" state of cardynal, whiche
was naied and denayed hym by y® Kyng.]
I. Tosay ‘no’ toa statement, assertion, doctrine.
1. To contradict or gainsay (anything stated or
alleged); to declare to be untrue or untenable, or
not what it is stated to be.
a. Const. with séple object (formerly sometimes a ferson).
c1300 A’. Adis. 3999 Antiochus saide .. ‘Thow hast denied
thyself here. c1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 249 Pis was
certified, & sikere on ilk side. It myght not be denied. ¢ 1374
Cuaucer Boeth. m1. xii. 81 (Camb. MS.) That may nat he
denoyed, quod I. ¢1400 Afol. Loll. 40 He liz, pat. .denaip
pat, & affermib be contrari. 31509 Barctay Shkyp of Folys
(1570) 27 And woorthy they were, what man_can it denay?
[x?me betray]. 1548 Hatt Chron. Introd. 2 b, Deniyng fiersly
al the other new invencions alleged and proponed to his
charge. ¢1600 Suaks. Sonn. xlvi. 7 But the defendant doth
that plea deny. 1749 Fietpinc Yom Yones vi. xi, Jones
could not deny the Mace. 1846 TRENCH MZirac. Introd.
(1362) 71 Hume does not. .absolutely deny the possibility of
amiracle. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 207 You may have
to deny your words,
Jig. 1634 SiR T. Hersert Trav. 63 The Duke was set at the
very end crosse-legged like a Taylour, but his fierce aspect
and bravery denied that title.
b. Const. with shat and clause, or 0b7. and infin. (after
Lat.); formerly also with simple infin. Formerly some-
times with zegative or ut in the clause.
1340 Hampo.e Pr. Consc. 3572 Men shuld not denye. .Pat
pe saules of pam pat er dede here Of payn may relesed be.
€1374 Cuaucer Boeth. u. v.49, I denye pat pilke ping be
good pat anoyeb hym pat hap it. /é/d. 11. x. 88 It may nat
ben denoyed pat pilke goode ne is. c1g00 Afol. Loll. 44,
I denoy me not to have seid pis. 1436 Pol. Poems (Rolls)
II. 180 The chefare..noman may denyene, Is not made
in Braban. 1513 More in Grafton Chron. Il. 772 No man
denieth..but that your grace..were most necessary about
your children. 1542 Upat tr. Zrasm. Apophth. 157 b Deny-
ing the arte of geometrie .. to bee to veraye litle use or
purpose. 1581 Pertie Guazzo’s Civ. Conv. 11. (1586) 49,
I denie not but that there have bene amongst us .. manie
corrupt customes. 1 Puttennam Eng. Poesie ut. xix.
(Arb.) 218 Then is a picture not denaid, To bea muet Poesie.
1624 Carr. Smitu Virginia v. 157 Taxing the poore king
of treason, who denied to the death not to know of any
such matter. 1665 Sir T. Hersert 7¥%av. (1677) 310, I
cannot deny but it [rice] is a solid grain. 1791 Mrs. Rap-
curre Rom, Forest x, You can’t deny that your father is
cruel. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) I. 414, I beg leave to
deny this to be law. 1871 Mortey Voltaire 14 It is hard
to deny that St. Bernard was a good man,
ce. absol.
1382 Wycur Gen. xviii. 15 Sara denyede, seiynge, I low3
not. ¢1440 Promp, Parv. 118 Denyyn or naytyn, 7ego,
denego. c1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 5644 Ilk man for him
self denyed. 15.. ?Dunsar Freiris of Berwik 383 Scho
saw it wes no bute for to deny.
2. Logic. The opposite of affirm; to assert the
contradictory of (a proposition).
¢ 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vi. iii. 68 And [I] grantis, he sayd,
be antecedens; Bot I deny be consequens, 159 SHaks,
Two Gent, 1. i. 84 Sp. Nay, that I can deny by a circum.
stance, Pro. It shall goe hard but ile proue it by another.
DENY.
1596 — 1 Hen, JV, u. iv. 544, I deny your Maior. 1660
3arrow Luclid wu. i. Schol., Let +A be to be multiplied
into B—C; then because +A is not affirmed of all B, but
only of a part of it, whereby it exceeds C, therefore AC
must remain denied. 1725 Watts Logic i. ii. $2 If the
middle term be denied of either part of the conclusion, it
may shew that the terms of the conclusion disagree, but it
can never shew that they agree. 1866 ‘IT’. FowLer Deduct.
Logic (1869) 110 If we affirm the antecedent, we must affirm
the consequent, or, if we deny the consequent, we must deny
the antecedent ; but, if we deny the antecedent or affirm the
consequent, no conclusion can be drawn.
3. To refuse to admit the truth of (a doctrine or
tenet); to reject as untrue or unfounded ; the oppo-
site of assert or maintain.
1630 Prynne Axnti-Armin. 137 This were to deny either
the vniuersality or the equality of originall corruption. 1643
Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. 1. § 20 That doctrine of Epicurus,
that denied the Providence of God, was no Atheism. . Those
that heretofore denied the Divinity of the Holy Ghost.
1681-6 J. Scorr Chr. Life (1747) III. 494 To deny the
Resurrection of Christ. 1733 Berketey 7h. |iston Vind,
§6 ‘They who deny the Freedom and Immortality of the
soul in effect deny its being. 1838Srr W. Hamitron Logic
xxvi. (1866) II. 58 ‘hose who still denied the apparition of
ghosts.
b. To refuse to admit the existence of; to reject
as non-existent or unreal.
1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. ii. § 1, iii. (1676) 33/1, Many
deny Witches at all, or (say] if there be any, they can do
noharm. 1879 Standard 29 Nov. 5'4 ‘The Albanian League,
so often denied, has again been proved to havea real ex-
istence,
II. To say ‘no’ to the claims of.
4. To refuse to recognize or acknowledge (a
person or thing) as having a certain character or
certain claims; to disown, disavow, repudiate,
renounce.
©1340 Cursor AL, 20871 (Trin.) Denyinge he [Petur] feh
wepynge he ros. 1382 Wycuir Lwke xii. 9 Forsoth he that
schal denye me bifor men, schal be denyed bifore the aungelis
of God. c1400 Maunpey.( Roxb.) xi. 45 Pare denyed Petre
oure Lord. 1533 Gau Nicht lay 16 Vhay that de thair
dettis and wil noth pay thair crediturs. 1583 STANyHURST
nets u. (Arb.) 46, I wyl not deny my Greecian ofspring.
1604 Jas. I Counterdl. (Arb.) 100 Why do we not denie God
and adore the Deuill, asthey doe? 1622 Witner St. Peter's
Day, For if thy great apostle said He would not thee denie,
Whom he that very night denayd, On what shall we relie?
1726 Suetvocke oy. round World (1757) 232 Some of his
men..happening to be taken separately, he denied them,
and suffered eight of them to be hanged as pyrates. 1848
Macautay //ist. Eng. 1.176 He could not deny his own
hand and seal, 1867 Freeman Nore. Cong. (1876) I. v. 289
Swegen, the godson of Casar, had denied his faith.
b. with complemental obj. or phrase. (Often blending
with 1 b.)
1888 Suaxs, Z. Z. LZ. iv, iii. 119 Thou for whom Ioue
would sweare.. And denie himselfe for Ioue. 1595 — John
1. ii. 251 Hast thou denied thy selfe a Faulconbridge? 1634
Sir T. Herpert 77az. 123 Letters of Credence signed by
the King..who..denied them for true.
III. To say ‘no’ to a request or proposal, or
to him who makes it; to refuse.
5. To refuse or withhold (anything asked for,
claimed or desired) ; to refuse to give or grant.
€1374 Cuaucer 77oylus 1. 1489 Deiphebus..Come hire to
preye..To holde hym on }e morwe companye At dyner,
which she wolde not denye. 1494 Fasyan Chron. 1. cc. (R.),
He asked a great summe of money of Seynt Edmundes
landes, whiche the rulers denayed. ¢ 1590 Martowe /aust.
(Rtldg.) 98/1 Not to deny The just requests of those that
wish him well. 1628 Wither Brit. Remembd. 268, 1 will
denay No more obedience then by law I may. 1697 Drypen
Virg. Georg. 1. 222 Trees their Forrest-fruit deny’d. 1725
Pore Odyss. 1. 331 ‘The royal dame his lawless suit deny’d.
a 1839 Prarp Joes (1864) 11. 161 ‘Thou art very bold to
take What we must still deny.
b. Const. (a.) To deny a thing /o a person, or (d.) a per-
sonathing. ‘The latter connects this with sense 6; but the
personal object was here originally dative, while there it
appears to be accusative. In the passive either object may
be made subject.
(a.) 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. v1. xii. (1495) 196
Auctoryte of techynge and soueraynte is graunted to men
and denyed to wymmen. 1809 Barctay Sif of Folys (1874)
I. 3 To vs may no hauen in Englonde be denayd. 1509
Fisuer Fun. Serm. Ctess Richmond Wks. (1876) 297 Mete
and drynke was denyed to none of them. 1610 SHAKs.
Timon Ww. iii. 537 Giue to dogges What thou denyest to men.
1712 STEELE Sfect. No. 278 P2 You will not deny your
Advice to a distressed Damsel. 1875 Jowett Pato (ed. 2)
V. 73 Experience will not allow us to deny a place to art.
(3) cx Cursor M. 1586 (Fairf.) He wende pat god of
mi3t walde deny ham heyuen bri3t. 1576 GascoiGNne Philo-
mene (Arb.) 95 ‘I’o denay His own deare child and sonne in
lawe ‘The thing that both did pray. 1593 Suaks. 2 ex. V’/,
1. ili, 107 Then let him be denay'’d the Regent-ship. 1649
H. Lawrence Some Considerat. 36 No man that considers
the premises will deny me this, That [etc.]. 1652 NEEDHAM
tr. Sedden’s Mare Cl. 3 It is unjust to denie Merchants or
Strangers the benefit of Port, Provisions, Commerce, and
Navigation. 1814 D’Israrii Quarrels Auth, (1867) 424 All
the consolations of fame were denied him during his life.
1863 H. Cox /ustit. 11. vii. 701 Parliament was denied its
proper control over an important branch of public expendi-
ture.
c. fig. (predicated of things.) :
1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Evomena 78 Finding no
armour that..denied entrance to the fine edge of his damask
blade. 1667 Mitton P. L.1v. 137 A steep wilderness, whose
hairie sides. .Access deni’d. 1736 Butter Anad. 1. iii. Wks.
_ 1874 I. 66 The known course of human things. .denies to
virtue its full scope. 1874 GreEN Short Hist. iii. § 6. 146
‘Their [the Friars'] vow of poverty..would have denied them
the possession of books. 96%
DENY.
6. To say ‘no’ to, to refuse (a person who makes
a request or demand); + to reject (a candidate).
cx1340 Gaw. § Gr. Kut. 1493 For pat durst I not do, lest
I denayed were. /bid, 1497 3if any were so vilanous bat
mie denaye wolde. c1g00 Destr. Troy 7097 He denyet
m anon with a nait wille. ¢ 1440 Gesta Rom. |\xxxv. 405
(Add. MS.), L may not denye you of that ye aske, 1591
Greene Maiden’s Dream, The poor were never at their need
denaid. a1sg2 H. Smirn Serm. (1637) 508 A number that
will denie a poore body of a pennie. 1676 Woop Li/e (Oxf.
Hist. Soc.) II. 338 Richard Healy .. stood for Bachelor of
Arts and was denied. 1697 Drypen Virg. Past. v. 141 In
his Beauty’s Pride; When Youth and Love are hard to be
deny'd. 1773 Gotnsm. Stoops to Nag pee This is but
a shallow pretence to deny me. 1851 NGF. Gold. Leg.,
Village Church, Firmly to deny The tempter, though his
power is strong. 1858 Hawtuorne Fr. & /t. Fruis. 1. 256
here everybody begs, everybody, as a general rule, must
be denied. .
1. To deny oneself: to withhold from oneself, or
refrain from, the gratification of desire ; to practise
self-denial, self-renunciation, or self-abnegation.
1382 Wycur Matt. xvi. 24 3if eny man wole cume after
me, denye he hym self, and take his crosse, and sue me.
c14go tr. De Imitatione 11. xxxvii, 107 Sonne, pou maist
not haue parfit liberte, but pou denye fiself utterly. 1827
Keste Chr. ¥., Morning xiv, Room to deny ourselves.
+ 8. To refuse 40 do (be, or suffer) anything. Obs.
(Formerly sometimes with negative clause, and elliptically
with pronominal substitute (7t, which, etc.) for infin).
ar4goo Pistill of Susan 140 3if pou fis neodes deny.
c1400 Vivaine & Gaw. 80 Ne for us denyd noght for to
rise. a145s0 Aut. de la Tour (1868) 85 The king sent vnto
her onis, tuyes, thries, and she denied not to come. 15§77-
87 HotinsHep Chron. I. 103/1 They flatlie denied to
anie of those things. 1596 Suaks 7am. Shr. u. i. 180 If
she denie to wed. paid May Hist. Parl. 11. iii. 34 The King
denied to give any other Answer. 1725 BuTLeR Serm, vil.
(1726) 125 He absolutely denyed to curse Israel. 1781 Craspe
Poems, Library, Why then denies the studious man to share
Man's common good.
absol. 1805 Scotr Last Minstr. u. xxix, And how she
blushed, an
denied, And said that she would die a maid.
+ 9. To refuse permission to, not to allow ; to for-
bid (¢o do anything, the doing of it). Obs. or arch.
a 1533 Lo. Berners Huon |xxxiv. 264 [He] herde how
Gerarde offred to goo. .how he had denyed hym to go. 1588
Suaks. 7it. A. u. iii. 174 One thing more, ‘That woman-
hood denies my tongue to tell. 1593 — Xéch. //, 1. ili. 129,
I am denyde to sue my Liuerie here. 1614 RaveiGu //ist.
World 1, 176 This place denieth dispute. 1642 Cuas. I Answ.
Declar. Both Houses 1 July 55 Inforced..to deny a good
Law, for an ill Preamble. a 1687 Petty Pol. A rith. x. (1691)
116 The Laws denying Strangers to Purchase. 1715-20 Pore
Jliad xvi. 463 Patroclus shakes his lance, but fate denies.
1759 Jounson Rasselas xiv, You may deny me to accompany
you, but cannot hinder me from following.
+ 10. To refuse to take or accept. Ods.
I Spenser F. Q. ut. vii. 57 What were those three, The
which thy proffred curtesie denayd? 1593 Suaks. Rich. //,
11. i. 204 If you. .denie his offer’'d homage. 1691 Woop Life
(Oxf. Hist. Soc.) III. 362 Dr. Beveridge did lately denie the
bishoprick of Bath and Wells. 1725 Pope Odyss. xvu. 78
‘Their false addresses gen’rous he deny'd. :
1l. +a. To refuse admittance to (a visitor) ; to
be ‘not at home’ to. (Akin to 6.) Ods.
1596 Suaks. 1 //en. /V, 1. iv. 544 If you_will deny the
Sherife, so: if not, let him enter. 1709 Steere 7atler
No. 89 Pg When he is too well to deny coeeeny and too
ill to receive them. 1736 Swirt Profosal, etc. Wks, 1824
VII. 373 At doors where they expect to be denied.
b. To refuse access to (a person visited) ;
announce as ‘not at home’. (Akin to 5.)
1665 Woop Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 44, I was at Gasington
to speake with Mrs. H... but she denied her selfe. =
Ibid. U1. 317, I inquir'd after him; he denied himself.
171 STEELE Sfect. Ni 96 ® 8 Denying my Lord to im-
pertinent suitors and my Lady to unwelcome visitants.
1777 Sueripan Sch. Scand. v. ii, He is now in the house,
though the servants are ordered to deny him, 1869 Trottorr
Ph, Finn (Tauchn. ed.) IIL. 76, 1 had told the servant to
deny me. 1885 Law Times Kep. LIL. 614/2 When a debtor
keeps house and denies himself to a creditor. ;
+ Deny’, 52.1 Ods. Also denay(e. [a. F. dénz,
OF. desnt ; also denoi, desnoy: from stem of denier
to Deny, orig. denei-er, denoi-er.] Act of denying.
1. Denial, contradiction of a statement; negation.
1535 Jove A fol. Tindale (Arb.) 6 The Saduceis in denying
the lyfe aftir this, denied by the same denye but only those
to
two.
2. Refusal (of what is asked, offered, etc.).
1530 Proper Dyaloge (1863) 6 Their chefe lordshippes &
londes principall .. Unto the clergye they gaue.. Which to
receiue without excepcion The courteous clergy made no
denay. 1600 Fatrrax 7asso xvi. xxv.(R.), Of mild denaies,
of tender scornes, of sweet Repulses. 1601 Suaxs. 7wei. N.
m1. iv. 127 My loue can giue no place, bide no denay. 6x1
Syivester Du Bartas u. iv. Schisme (1641) 218/1 Yet use
no Threats, nor give them flat Denies. _ 1622 RowLanps
Good Newes 35 ‘The second widow gaue him the denie.
+ Deny, denye, 50.2 Obs. rare—*. [a. OF.
deiené, deené, dené, mod.F. doyenné, orig. OF.
detenet :—L. decdnat-us.] = DEANERY.
{x292 Britton u. xvii. § 6 Sicum dené ou thresorie ou
chaunterie.]_ 1340 4 eee. 42 ithe om of holi cherche, ase
byep bissopric’ es, abbayes, ober denyes [F. deenez].
(dinairin), 762. sb. [f. Deny v. +-1NG!,]
The action of the verb Deny; denial, refusal,
abnegation.
c14g0 tr. De Imitatione u. ix, No better remedie pan
pacience & denyeng of myself in pe wille of god. 1483 Cath.
Angi. 95 A Deniynge, abdicacio. .abnegacio. .negacio, ¥
Lo. Berners /roiss. 1. cci. (cxcvii.] 613 There demaundes
how she sighed, And, half consenting, half |
and were ines a debatyng. 1598 Wvrtey
Armorie 90 He sent me the denaying. 1785 Patey Aor.
Philos. (1818) 1. 184 There are false is which are not lies. .
as..a servant's a his master. 1847 Emerson Repr.
Men, Montaigne Wks. (Bohn) I. 340 Not at all of universal
aes nor of universal re ing, } Th
eny ing, ///.a. [-1NG*. at denies.
1600 I. Biouwr tr. Conestaggio 117 He was accounted
sparing, giving rather than denying. 4 Morey Com-
promise (1886) 190 The controversial and denying humour,
Hence Deny‘ingly adv., in a way that denies or
refuses.
1824 Miss Mrtrorp Village Ser. 1. (1863) 51 May shakes
her graceful head denyingly. Tennyson Vivien 336
How hard you look and how denyingly !
+ Deny'te, v. Os. rare. [app. associated with
Deny, and Nayre, Nyt, to deny.] = Deny v.
©1420 Sir Amadace (Camden) 56 Say we haue togethir
bene, I hope fulle wele he haue me sene, He wille hitte
neuyr denyte [vimes tite, quite].
Deobstru‘ct, v. [f. ppl. stem deodstruct-, of
mod.L. type *deobstruécre: see DEOBSTRUENT, OB-
struct. Cf. mod.F. désobstruer (Tissot 1778).]
trans. To clear of obstruction.
1653 H. More Antid. Ath. u. vi. (1712) 57 Hypericon. .is
a singular good Wound-herb, as useful also for de-obstruct-
ing the pores of the Body. 1647 Jer. Taytor Dissuas.
Popery Pref., To de-obstruct the passages of necessary truth.
1732 Axsutunor Rules of Diet 274 Such as carry off the
Feces and Mucus, deobstruct the Mouths of the Lacteals.
Hence Deobstru‘cted, Deobstructing ///.
adjs.; also Deobstru‘ction sb. [F. désobstruction),
the action of deobstructing ; Deobstru'ctive a.
lin F. désobstructif), having the quality of deob-
structing ; deobstruent.
1664 Evetyn tr. Freart’s Archit. Ep. Ded.
obstruction of Encounters. 1698 PAi/. Trans. XX. 432 For
rendering it more de-obstructive. 1702 Sir J. Fover ibid.
XXIII. 1169 Both in its discussing quality and deobstruct-
ing. 1757 Jounstone iéid. L. 548 From the de-obstructed
duct. 1782 Evruinston Martial ut. xlvii. 153 But, above
all, the deobstructive beet.
Deobstruent (dz\g'bstrwént), a. and sé. Med.
[ad. mod.L. type deobstruent-em (pr. pple. of *de-
obstrucre), modern f. Deg- I. 6 + obstruére to ob-
struct. Cf. mod.F. désobstruant (Tissot 1778).]
2 The de-
out sepeal ra
_ Mag. XX1X. 368 The jury Le | a
A. adj. That removes obstructions by opening
the natural passages or pores of the body.
1718 Quincy Compl. Disp. 81 A subtile detergent Oil,
which makes them universally deobstruent and opening.
1830 Linptey Nat. Syst. Bot. 65 Valuable on account of its
aperient, deobstruent, and cooling properties.
B. sb. A deobstruent medicine or substance.
a16gt Boyte Wks. V. 118 (R.) A diaphoretic, a deob-
struent, a diuretic. 1697 Phil. Trans. xIk. 403 They gave
her also Vomitives and Deobstruents. 1844 T. J. Grauam
Dom. Med. 14 Asan alterative and deobstruent. .it [calomel]
is employed. .in indolent inflammation of the liver.
+ Deobturated, fa. pple. Obs. [De- I. 6.]
1656 Biount Glossogr., Deobturated, shut or stopped
from. Dr, Charl[eton) in his PAysiologia.
+ Deo‘ccate. Olds. rare—°. [f. L. deoccare to
harrow in, f. De- I. 1 + occdre to harrow.]
1623 Cockeram, Deoccate, to harrow, or clod the Land,
+ Deorcular, a. Obs, [f. L. de- privative (cf.
De- I. 6, II. 3) + oculus eye, oculdris of the eyes:
cf. L. déformis shapeless, deprandis without dinner,
fasting.) Not using the eyes; blind.
7 Litucow 7rav. 1. 22 It is a deocular error. did. x.
506 Zetland, and the adjacent Iles there; have found such
a sting of deoccular government within these few yeares.
Deo:culate, v. nonce-wd. [f. De- Il. 1 +L.
ocul-us eye + -ATE3.] trans. To deprive of eyes,
or of eyesight.
1816 Lams Let. to Wordsworth, Final Mem, 1, 188
Dorothy, I hear, has mounted spectacles; so you have de-
oculated two of your dearest relations in life.
Deodand (d7odend). [a. AFr. deodande, ad.
med.(Anglo-)L. deddandum, i.e. Ded dandum that
is to be given to God.] A thing forfeited or
to be given to God; sfec. in Eng. Law, a per-
sonal chattel which, having been the immediate
occasion of the death of a human being, was given
to God as an expiatory offering, i.e. forfeited to
the Crown to be applied to pious uses, e.g. to be
distributed in alms. (Abolished in 1846.)
[1292 Brrrron 1, ii. § 14 Volums ausi qe le vessel et quant 4
leynz serra trové soit prisé cum deodande et enroule par
Corouner.] 1523 in W. H. Turner Select, Rec. O. 34
The. .Chauncelor. .shall have deodands. 1529 More —
ut. Wks. 235/2 The kynges almoygners, to whome
‘oodes of such men as kyll themselfe be appoynted by the
awe .. as deodandes to be geuen in 1613 Six H,
Fincn Law (1636) 214 If a man being a Cart carrying
Faggots. . fall pa, be the moouing of one of the horses in
the Cart, and die of it; both that and all the other horses
in the Cart, and the Cart it selfe, are forfeit. And these are
called Deodands. 1627 Six R. Bovte Diary (1886) 11. 222
[A] boat .. being forfeicted to me for a deodant. 1708
Hickerincitt Priest-cr. 1. (1721) 42 The Sinners did be-
queath these Estates..to Ecclesiastical Locusts and Cater-
a calling them Deodands, or given to God, that’s the
riest-craft Word. 1755 Gentl, Mag. XXV. 232 The
inquest. . brought in their verdict accidental death by an ox,
and found the ox a deodand. 1765 Bia Comm. 1.
302 If a man falls from a boat or ship in. fresh water, and is
rowned, it hath been said, that the vessel and are in
strictness of law a deodand. 1827 Gent?. Mag. XCVIL. 1.
13 Apprehensive that the di ds, if they d
DEONTOLOGY.
: ight geen asa ge to — altar.
TEPHEN IL. gsr. imes Deo-
denis ote sloo-Gameeals “pei rim 114
b. /oosely. The amount to be forfeited as the
value of a deodand.
1831 ‘TRELAWNY age wy 28 ion I. 58 The ey meer
ling to me, adeodand ont 7 Mech.
in thee ted
the boiler or steam engine the Victoria.
imposed b:
honest and indigna’ J
XXXVI. 6 Deodand after deodand has been
nt juries.
|| Deodar (dodau). Also in mod.L, form deo-
dara (dijoda‘ra). [a. Hindi dé’odar, déwdar:—
Skr. deva-dara divine tree, tree or timber of the
gods. (The name occurs already in Avicenna
¢ 1030 as yy diidér. Wt is given in various
parts of India to other trees besides this with which
it has come into Europe.)]
A sub-species of cedar (Cedrus Libani, var. Deo-
dara), a large tree closely allied to the cedar of
Lebanon, found native in the Western Himalayas
from Nepal to Afghanistan, and now largely grown
as an ornamental tree in England. The wood is of
extreme durability.
[1804 Gotr in Roxb, Flora Indica 111. 652 The only
account I can give you of the Devdar pine is from. .enquiries
..made of the natives. 1814 W. Roxsurcu Hort. Bengal
69 Pinus Deodara. Hindoostani, Deva-daroo. Penny
Se 1. 34/1 Abies Deodara, the Sacred Indian Fir. The
indoos call it the Devadara or God-tree, and hold it in
a sort of veneration.) 1842 P. J. Secsy Brit. Forest Trees
539 The timber of the deodar employed in buildings. 1871
Sat. Rev. 29 Apr. 53 A ton of deodar seeds was ordered
from India, and twelve hundred pounds’ worth of deodar
plants stuck into a heathy bank. 1 Q. Victoria More
Leaves 370, | afterwards planted a d on the lawn.
+ Deodate (diode't), sb. and a. Obs. [ad. L.
ded datum given to God: in sense 2, taken as =
a ded datum given by God.]
A. sb. 1. A thing given to God.
ax6oo Hooker Eccl. Pol. vu. xxii. § 4 Their Corban ..
wherein that blessed widows deodate was laid w
2. A thing given by God, a gift from God.
a 1633 G. Hersert in Walton Zi/e(1670) 65 All my Tythes
and Church-dues are a deodate from Thee, O my Cod
B. adj. Given by God. :
1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes 1. 248, I gather'd up the Deo-
date good Gold.
dorant (dz,ouddrant), sb. [Formed as if
from a L. *deoddrant-em, pr. pple. of *deodorare,
f. oddr-em smell, Opour, on analogy of décolérare :
see Dr- I. 6. (The long @ is taken over from
odour: cf. next.)] A substance or preparation that
destroys the odour of fetid effluvia, etc. ; a deodorizer.
1 oscor Elem, Chem. 106 Employed as a disinfe
and deodorant.
Deodorize (di, déraiz), v. [f. De- I. 1+L.
odor ODOUR +-1ZE.] trans. To deprive of odour,
esp. of offensive or noisome odour; to take away
the (bad) smell of. Also fig.
1858 Sat. Rev. V. 632/1 To defecate and deodorize the
sewage of London. 1870 Odserver 13 Nov., Liquid portions
of the sewage. .when deodorised being allowed to flow away.
Jig. Pix: 0 Sat. Rev. 203 Sin and wickedness are carefully
deodorised now-a-days before they can get into print.
Hence Deo-dorized, Deodorizing ffl. adjs.;
also Deodoriza‘tion, removal of (bad) smell.
1856 Engineer 1. 671/3 (Sewage of towns) The deodoris-
ing system has..achieved a perfect success at Leicester.
/bid. 672/1 Deodorisation, in its practical sense, does not
simply mean the emevar at offensive smell, but the purifica-
tion of the water by the ab ion of all
¢ 1865 Letuesy in Cire. Sc. 1. 97/1 A bleaching and deodor-
ising agent. 1875 H. C. Woop Therap. (x879) 226 The de-
odori tincture of opium, 1876 Haxcey . Med. x
The essential ies of chlori d P are
ing and deodorising.
‘dorizer. [f. Droponize + -ER.] Some-
thing that deodorizes; a ee
1849 J. F. Jounston Exper. Agric. 265 asa fixer of
ammonia, as a deodoriser or remover of smells. 1892
Pall Mall G. 7 Sept. 2/1 The deodorizer is run through a
six, pipe to the great sewer.
Deol, -ful, obs. forms of DoLz, DoLEruL.
+ Deonerate, v. Ods. [f. L. deonerare to
disburden, f. Dr- : 6 + onerare to load, onus, oner-
load.] dans, To disburden,
1623 Cocxeram, Deonerate, to unload. fg le ht
Ghost 80 To @ and disburden the body of the
excrementall part of meat and food.
(dipntolp'dzikal), a. [f. as
DEONTOLOGY + -IC + -AL.] Of, pertaining to, or
according to deontology. d
a 1832 Bentuam Deontology (1834) I. i. 20 Let,the moralist
re; the great Deontologi Ww, as as the
Turnsole looks upon the Sun. 1867 J. H. Srietine tr,
Schwegler’s Hist. Philos. (ed. 8) 129 ‘The special theory of
ethical action was completely elaborated by the later Stoics,
who were thus the 's of all ,
(dzgntglédgist). [f. Dxonro-
A
im
LoG-Y +-1st.] One an ieee : * promolegy. i
\1. ii. t tes t
Caaae arn eeiaot fom those of the Deontologist:
Deon drpntg'lédgi). [f. Gr. déov, Seovr-
that which is ing, duty (neuter of pr. pple. of
de? it is binding, it behoves) + -Aoya discourse]
DEOPERCULATE.
The science of duty; that branch of knowledge
which deals with moral obligations; ethics.
1826 BentHam in West. Rev. VI. 448 Ethics has received
the more expressive name of Deontology. @ 1832 — Deon-
tology (1834) I. ii, 28 Deontology or Private Ethics, may be
considered the science by which happiness is created out of
motives extra-legislatorial. 1868 GLavstone Juv. Mundi
vii. (1870) 214 A system which may be called one of deonto-
logy, or that which ought to be, and to be done. 1883 Syd.
Soc. Lex. s.v., Medical deontology, the duties and rights of
medical practitioners. 5
Deoperculate (dips tkielet), a. Bot. [f.
De- 1.6 + L. oferculatus, pa. pple. of operculare
to cover with a lid: see OprrcuLate.] Having
lost the operculum : see also quots.
1866 7 reas. Bot., Deoperculate, a term used in describing
mosses, when the operculum will not separate spontaneously
from the spore-cases. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Deoperculate..
Also, without an operculum.
Deope'rculate, v. Zot. [See prec. and
-ATE3,| zutv. To shed the operculum.
Mod. Liverworts with deoperculating capsules.
+ Deoppilate (d7\p'pileit), v. Aled. Obs. [f.
De- Il. 1 + Oppmare: in mod. medical L. deoppi-
lire, {. L. oppilire to stop up.] trans. To free
from obstruction ; adso/. to remove obstructions.
1620 VENNER Via Recta vii. 134 It .. deoppilateth or vn-
stoppeth the veines. 1710 T. FULLER Pharm. Extemp. 214
For Raisins of the Sun ..deoppilate more than Malaga.
bid, 421 Aperitives ought to. .deoppilate the Interstices.
So Deo‘ppilant a., that removes obstructions ;
Deoppila‘tion, the removal of obstructions ; De-
o'ppilative a., tending to remove obstructions, de-
obstruent; sd. a medicine or drug haying this
quality.
1625 Hart Anat. Ur. 1. ii, 31 Cordiall and deoppilatiue
medicines. 1646 Sir ‘I. Browne Pseud. Ef. 1. xxii. 165
It becomes effectuall in deopilations. 1684 tr. Bonet's Merc.
Compit. vin. 313 An excellent deoppilative. 1712 tr. Pomed’s
Hist. Drugs I, 162 It is an universal Digestive and Deop-
pilative. 1854 Mayne Exfos. Lex. 264 Aperient, deob-
struent, deoppilant; applied to medicines. 1862 Marsu
Eng. Lang. 89 To produce that salutary deopilation of the
spleen which the French hold to be so serviceable to the
health of sedentary gentlemen,
Deor, obs. form of DEAR, DEER.
+Deo'rdinate, ¢c. Ods. [ad. med.L. deordi-
nat-us, f. DE- 1, 6 + ordindtus ordered. A doublet
of disordinate.] Perverted from the natural order ;
inordinate.
1623 T. Aitespury Serz, (1624) 13 The Idolatry consisted
«in the deordinate intent of the Sacrificers. 1720 WrLToN
Suffer, Son of God 11. xxiv. 641 The Principles of a Deordin-
ate and Excessive Self-Love.
+ Deo'rdinate, v. Ods. [f. med.L. verbal type
*deordindre: see prec. and -aTE3 5.] trans. To
pervert from the natural order.
1688 Norris Theory Love u. ii. 107 A sensual pleasure
deordinated from the end. .for which it was designed.
Deordination (d¢)frdinzi-fan). Now vare or
Obs. [ad. med.L. deordindtion-em (Du Cange),
n, of action f. verbal type *deordinare (It. disordi-
nare, OF. desordener) to disorder, f. De- I. 6 +
ordinare to order, ordin-em order. A doublet of
disordination.]
1. Departure from or violation of order, esp. of
moral order; disorder.
1596 Bett Surv. Popery ut. ix. 378 The guilte and the
deordination. 1635 Sispes Soules Conff. xii. § 3. 166 This
sheweth us what a wonderfull deordination and disorder is
brought upon mans nature. 1647 Jer. TayLor Déssvas.
Popery i. (1686) 99 She refuses to run into the same excess
of riot and de-ordination. 1688 Norris Vheory Love u. ii
ror A deordination from the end of Nature. 1891 MaNninc
in Dublin Rev. _ 157 It denotes an abuse, an excess, a
de-ordination in human society, ie
2. Departure from ordinary or normal condition,
as in physical deformity, decomposition, etc.
1686 Goap Celest. Bodies ut. iti. 472 A Token of the Dis-
solution, and as it were the Deordination of the Compound.
{bid. 11. iv. 505 Under these years, the same Deordination
is found in Animals, Lambs, Hares, Calves.
Deore, obs. form of DEar a. and adv.
De-organize, de-orientalize: see Dr- II. 1.
Deorling, deoreling, early ff. Dar.inc.
|| Deo-rsum, adv. nonce-use. [L.=downwards.]
Downward.
1770 J. CLusse Phy'stognomzy 19 There is the same stupidity
+ the same deorsum tendency in the one as in the other.
Deo » Var. DEARWORTH a. Ods. precious.
t+ Deorsculate, v. Obs. rare—°. [f. L. de-
osculari to kiss warmly or affectionately, f. Dr- I. 3
+ osculiré to kiss.] To kiss affectionately. Hence
‘++ Deoscula‘tion, kissing.
1623 CockeRrAm, Deosculate, to kiss sweetly. 1658 Puituirs,
Deosculation, a kissing with eagernesse. a 1699 STILLINGFL.
(J.), Acts of worship required to be performed to images,
viz. processions, genuflections, thurifications, and deoscula-
tions. 1755 Amory Memoirs 440 note. 1783 AINSWORTH
Lat, Dict. (Morell) 1, Deosculation, osculatio.
De-ossify, -fication: see Dr- II. 1.
Deoxidate (dipkside't), v. Chem. Also 8-9
deoxy-, [f. De- II. 1+Oxipate v.] “vans. To
reduce from the state of an oxide, to remove the
oxygen from (an oxide or other compound) ; 277.
to undergo -deoxidation. Hence Deo-xidated
203
ppl. a.; Deo’xidating Af/. a., causing or suffering
deoxidation.
1799 Str H. Davy in Beddoes Contrib. Phys. § Med. Know?.
73 Phosoxygen is produced, and the metals deoxydated.
1808 — in Phil. Trans. XCIX. 90 Dark brown matter was
separated at the deoxydating surface. 180x Hatcuett in
Phil. Trans. XC1I1. 66 ‘The white oxide..may be deoxidated
to a certain degree. 1837 R. Bepe Pract. Chem. 10 ‘The
latter [flame of a blow-pipe] is called oxidating, the former
deoxidating.
Deoxidation (dzjpksidéi-fon). [n. of action f.
prec. vb.] The removal of oxygen from an oxide
or other compound.
1799 Sir H. Davy in Beddoes Confrid. Phys. § Med.
Knowl. 7o It is necessary that the temperature of de-,
oxydation be greater than that of oxydation, 1801 Wo1-
Laston in Phil. Trans. XCI. 430 The pile of Volta decom-
poses water, and produces other effects of oxidation and
de-oxidation. 1883 G. ALLEN in Nature 8 Mar. 439 ‘The
function of a leaf is the absorption of carbonic acid from
the air, and its deoxidation under the influence of sunlight.
Deo:xidator. [agent-n. f. DEoxipatE v.: see
-or.] A deoxidating agent or apparatus.
c 1865 J. Wytpe in Circ. Sc. I. 396/2 he charcoal is em-
ployed as a deoxidator,
Deoxidize (dipksidaiz), v. Chem. Also 9
deoxyd-. [f. Dg- II. 1+ Oxipize.] = Droxipare.
1794 [see Deoxipizinc below]. 1800 Henry pit. Chen.
(1808) 50 Its action is. .exerted in de-oxidizing bodies. 1810
— Elem. Chem, (1826) 1. 533 The silica, also .. is partly de-
oxidized, 1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 357
Whether disinfectants act by oxidising, or ie deoxidising.
Hence Deo-xidized ///. a., Deoxidizing f//. a.
and vé/. sb.; also Deoxidiza‘tion, Deo‘xidize-
ment, Deo‘xidizer.
1794 G. Apams Nat. § Exp. Philos. 1. App. 527 The de-
oxidizing power of the solar rays. 1805 Lane in PAz2.
Trans, XCV. 282 The deoxic property of light, 1847
Craic, Deoxrydization, deoxydation. Cc. FarApay
forces Nat, vi. 200 note, A colourless deoxidised indigo.
1862 H. Spencer /irst Princ. 1. Vili. $70 Animals, in some
of their minor processes, are probably de-oxidizers. 1877
W. ‘Tuomson Voy. Challenger 1. iv. 279 Due to some de-
oxidizing process. ; ;
Deoxygenate (dép'ksidgéneit), v. Chem. [f.
Dr- Il. 1 + OxyGENATE v.] ¢rans. 'To deprive
of (free) oxygen ; also= DEoXIDATE, D£OXIDIZE.
1799 Kirwan Geol. Ess. 150 By deoxygenating the vitriolic
contained in the Epsom salt. 1804 ‘I’. TRorrer Drunkenness
iii, 58 Alkohol certainly deoxygenates the blood in some
degree. 1808 Sir H. Davy in Phil. 7rans. XCVIII. 336
Potassium may partially de-oxygenate the earths.
Ilence Deoxygenated f//. a., Deo xygenating
vbl. sb. and ppl. a.; also Deoxygena‘tion.
1799 Sir H. Davy in Beddoes Contrib. Phys. §& Med.
Kuowdl. 86 A deoxygenated atmosphere. 1803 — in Phil.
Trans. XCIII. 271 ‘The deoxygenation of skin, 1832 Bas-
BAGE Econ. Manuf, xxiii. (ed. 3) 239 An oxygenating or a
deoxygenating flame. 1834 Mrs. SomERVILLE Connect.
Phys. Sc. xxiv. (1849) 224 The most refrangible extremity of
the spectrum has an oxygenizing power and the other that
of deoxygenating. 1878 Foster Phys. 1. i, § 2. 210 The
ordinary deoxygenation of the blood. —
Deoxygenize (dip'ksidgénaiz), v. Chem. [f.
1881 Giintuer in Excycl. Brit. X11. 687/r Until the air is
so much deoxygenized as to render a renewal of it neces-
sary. . ¥
Deozonize, to deprive of ozone: see De- II. 1.
Dep, obs. f. Deep; (dep.) abbrev. of DEpury.
+Deparct, f//. a. Obs. [ad. L. dépact-us, pa.
pple. of dépangére to drive down, fix into the
ground, etc.] Fixed down, fastened. -
1634 T. Jounson Parey’s Chirurg. x1. xx. (1678) 293 If
the Weapon be so depact and fastned in a Bone that you
cannot drive it forth on the other side.
Depaganize, depantheonize: see Dr- II. 1.
+ Depai'nt, 5. Obs. rare-). [f. Deparnr v.]
Painting, pictorial representation.
1594 Zepheria xvii. in Arb. Garner V. 73 How shall I deck
my Love in love's habiliment And her embellish in a right
depaint? |
+ Depai'nt, //. a. Obs. Forms: 3-4 depeint,
4-5 -peynt, 4-6 -paynt, 6 depaint. [ME. d-
peint, a. F. depeint, pa. ppl& of depeindre (13th c.
in Hatzf.), ad. L. dépingére to depict, after F.
peindre to paint. After the formation of the verb
(see next) gradually superseded by the normal de-
painted.| Depicted, painted, delineated; orna-
mented; coloured: see the verb. Chiefly as
pa. pple. PRR ene
a@ 1225 Aucr. R. 96 ‘In manibus meis descripsi te’ [Isa.
xlix. 16]. Ich habbe, he seid, depeint be in mine honden.
1303 R. Brunne Handi. Synne 8739 Ppey shul be leyde yn
toumbe of stone And hys ymage ful feyre depeynte Ry3t as
he were a cors seynt. c1za5 £. £. Adit. P. A. 1101, & co-
ronde wern alle of be same fasoun, Depaynt in perlez & wedez
qwyte. 1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 1. v, Vuder flowers de-
peynt of stablenesse. c1g00 Lancelot 1703 Bot cherice
them with wordis fair depaynt. 1557 Tottedl’s Misc, (Arb.)
215 Her handes depaint with veines all blew and white.
+ Depaint (dipént),v. Obs. or arch. Forms:
4-5 depeint(e, -peynt(e, -paynt(e, 6-7 depaynt
(6 depant, 7-8 depeint), 6- depaint. [ME.
depeint-en, f. depeint pa. pple. ; taken as Eng. repr.
of F. depetndre (3rd sing. pres. 2/ depetnt) : see prec.
Depeint was connected with Dericr by the transi-
tional forms DEpriner, depinct.]
‘De- IL. 1+ OxYGENIZE v.] = DEOXYGENATE.
DEPANCE.
1. trans. To represent or portray in colours, to
paint ; to depict ; to delineate.
@ 1225, 1303 [see Depaint AP/. a.]. 1325 Coer de L. 2963
Off red sendel were her baneres, With three gryffouns de-
payntyd wel. 1340 Gaw. §& Gr. Ant. 649 Pe kny3t com-
lyche hade In be more half of his schelde hir ymage de-
paynted, ¢1350 W7ll. Palerne 3573, & bereth in his blasoun
of a brit hewe A wel huge werwolf wonderli depeinted.
1440 Gesta Rom, xxxix. 362 (Add. MS.) He did make a
walle white, and with rede Coloure he depeynted the Image
of the woman. 1570 B. GoocEe Pop. Aingd. 1. (1880) 10 With
crosse depainted braue upon his backe and eke his brest.
1604 T. Wricnt Passions v1. 294 The Geographers. .depaint
in theyr Cardes..the Countries and Cities adioyning. 1659
T. Pecke Parnassi Puerp. 77 Apelles could not depaint
Motion. 1748 ‘I'nomson Cast, Zrdol. 1. 326 ‘Those pleased
the most, where, by a cunning hand, Depeinten [Aseado-
archaic pa. pple.| was the patriarchal age.
Jig. 1595 Danii Soxunets 4 No colours can depaint my
sorrows. 1848 J. A. CaryLe tr. Dante's [ferno (1849) 37
‘The anguish of the people who are here below, on my face
depaints that pity, which thou takest for fear.
2. To depict or portray in words; to describe
graphically, or by comparison.
1382 Wycuiir 2ible Pref. Ep. iit. 63 A bishop, whom in
short sermoun he depeynted. 1555 Abr. Parker 2’s. exlii.
406 My troublouse state I did depaynt. 1664 Marvet
Corr, Wks. 1872-5 I. 167 ‘There are no words sufficient to
depaint so real an affection. 1714 Gay Sheph. Week Prol.
61 Such Ladies fair wou'd I depaint In Roundelay or Son-
net quaint. 1771-2 Batchelor (1773) II. 13 Her lips you
may in sort depaint By cherries ripe. 1808 J. Mayne S7dder
Gun it. 129 Amid the scenes, depainted here, O’ love, and
war, and social cheer.
b. Const. out, forth.
1553 Short Catech. in Liturg. & Doc. Edw. VI (1844) 513
Canst thou yet further depaint me out that congregation,
which thou callest a kingdom or commonweal of Christians?
1578 ‘Timmer Caluine on Gen. 333 ‘Vhe state of the Church
could not be more lively depainted forth. 1622 J. ReyNoLps
God's Re vé i. Vi. 42 In their speeches depainting forth
the ioyes of heaven. . R. tr, Boyatuau's Theat.
IVordd 11, 147 Depainting them out in lively colours.
3. To set forth or represent, as a painting or
picture does.
1598 Yonc Diana 87 This sumptuous Palace .. that this
table doth depaint vnto vs. 1607 WALKINGTON Of¢. Glass
xv. (1664) 152 Vhis temperature must be depainted forth of
us..according to a kind of exigency. ¢1660 WHARTON Ii 4s.
(1683) 357 If then success be it which best depaints A glorious
Cause, ‘Turks are the only Saints.
4. To paint or decorate with colours or painted
figures ; sometimes, to paint, colour (a surface).
¢ 1320 Cast. Love 704 pis Castel is siker and feir abouten,
And is al depeynted wt-outen Wip preo heowes p* wel bep
sene. c1q400 Maunpev. (1839) xxvii. 277 Faire chambres
depeynted all with gold and azure. 14.. Prose Legends in
Anglia VIII. 151 A cote..depeynted wip alle maner of ver-
tues & floryshed wip alle the floures of goddes gardens.
1513 Brapsuaw St. Werburge 1. 1577 Clothes of golde and
arras were hanged in the hall Depaynted with pyctures.
1530 PausGr. 512/2, I depaynte, I coloure a thynge with
colours .. This terme as yet is nat admytted in comen
spetche. 1605 CAMbDEN Nem. (1637) 129 ‘They were wont to
depaint themselues with sundry colours. 1706 [see Dr-
PAINTED]. ; ;
b. transf. and fig. ‘Vo adorn as with painted
figures.
¢ 1325 [see Depaint AAZ. a]. 61374 CHaucer Boeth. i. i.
111 Pecercle of pe sterres in alle pe places bere as pe shynyng
ny3t is depeynted. 1382 Wyciir Lez. xi. 30 A stellioun,
that is a werme depeyntid as with sterris. c1450 Crt. of
Love xv Depeinted wonderly, With many a thousand daisies,
rede as rose And white also. 1509 Hawes ast. Pleas.
(Percy Soc.) 4 A medowe both gaye and glorious, Whiche
Flora depainted with many a colour, 1598 Yonc Diana
468 Let now each meade with flowers be depainted, Of
sundrie colours sweetest odours glowing.
5. To stain, distain.
1374 Cuaucer 7'voylus v.1611, I have eke seyn with teris
al depeynted, Your lettre. 1600 Fairrax 7 asso. xliii. 28
Few siluer drops her vermile cheekes depaint.
Hence Depai‘nted ///. a., painted, depicted.
1413 Lyne. Pilgr. Sozv/e 11, xlvi. (1859) 53 Al this erdely
fyre is but thyng depeynted in regard of that other. 1706
Maute “ist, Picts in Misc. Scot. 1. 18 By reason of their
de-painted bodies.
+Depainter. Ols. [f. Depaint v. + -ER.]
One who or that which depaints, or paints.
1513 Douctas Zneis xu. Prol. 261 Welcum depayntar of
the blomyt medis. ;
+Depai'r, v. Os. Also depeyre, depeire.
[a. OF. des-, depeire-r, to despoil, f. des-, dé- (Dz- I.
6) + -petrer:—L. petordre: cf. APPAIR, Imparr,
and DispayrE s6.] trans. To impair, injure,
dilapidate.
a 1460 Lypcate Lyfe of our Ladye (Caxton) E, 5, c. 1 (R.)
As the tryed syluer is depeired. xg0r Douctas Pal. Hon.
u. xxii, Na wretchis word may depair 3our hie name. 1513
Brapsuaw St. Werburge 1. 338 The corps hole and sounde
was funde, verely..Nothyng depaired that ther coude be
seen. 1568 T. Howett Ard. Amitie (1879) 63 Depaire no
Church, nor auncient acte, in building be not sloe.
+ Depa‘lmate, v. Obs. rare—°. [f. ppl. stem
of L. dépalmare, f. De-+ palma palm of the hand.]
‘To giue one a box on the eare’ (Cockeram 1623).
+Depa'nce. Obs. rare—'. [a. F. dépens (in
12th c. despans), ad. L. dispens-um, or F. dépense
(in 13th c. despanse), ad. L. dispensa: see DISPENSE
5b.] Payment, disbursement.
G Paper Roll po ad Rep. Hist, MSS. Commiss. 2ra/t
Which he complessh 1 withoute other payements of Fy-
or depance
‘J
26* — 2
DEPARAYLL.
+Deparay'll, a. 00s. rare. [a. OF. despareil
different, dissimilar, f. des-=L. Dis- + parez/ like,
of the same kind =Pr. pare/h, Sp. parejo, It. parec-
chio:—Rom, *fariculo- dim. of L. par equal.]
Unlike, dissimilar, diverse.
1413 Lypc. Pilgr, Sowle 1, x. (1859)
many dyuerse pilgrymes deparayll of fishes;
+De iew’, interj.“Obs. [a. OF. phrase de
x Dieu, by the authority, or in the name, of God.]
n God’s name ; by God: used as an asseveration.
c12a90 Beket 1352 in S. Eng. Leg. 1. 145 Nov de pardeus
(MS. Harl. 2277 deperdeus) quath pe pope, doth ase 3e
habbeth i-pou3t. ¢ 1374 Cuaucer 7roylus u. 1058 Quod
Troylus, depardeu, y assente. ¢ 1380 Sir Ferumb. 1452‘ Wel
depardieux’ quab pe kyng ‘ne schal he no3t gon al-one.’
1634 W. Cartwricut Ordinary u.ii. in Hazl. Dodsley X11.
240 [arch.] Depardieu, You snyb mine old years, sans fail,
1 wene you bin A jangler and a golierdis.
+ Depa‘rdon, v. Ols. [f. Dz- + Parpon v.:
peth. after part, depart.) trans. To excuse, forgive.
sot Bury Wills (1850) 90, I will that my tenaynts..
be depardond of y® half of all ther rents that xall be due on
to me to the Mychelmesse next after my decesse.
Deparo‘chialize, v. vonce-wd. [f. Dx- II. 1
+ PAROCHIALIZE v.] ¢vans. To deprive of paro-
chial character. Hence Deparo‘chializing wv//.
sb. and ppl. a.; also Deparochializa‘tion.
1862 Sat. Rev. XIII. 211/1 We must not think of turning
an impassable ditch into a passable road, for fear England
should thereby be ‘deparochialized’. /4id. 211/2 The new
formula of deparochialization. /did., The ‘deparochializing ’
cry will..do equally well for both.
+ Deparo'chiate, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [f. De-
1. 2+. parochia parish + -aTE3; after depatriate.]
intr. To depart from one’s own parish,
1762 Foote Orators 1. Wks. 1799 I. 196 The culture of our |
lands will sustain an infinite injury, if such a number of
peasants were to deparochiate.
Depart ((/pa-it), v. Also 3-6 departe, 5-6
deperte, 6-7 Sc. depairt. (a. pple. 4-5 depart’e,
6 Sc. depairt. [a. OF. defart-ir (depp-, desp-,
dip-) = Pr. departir, Sp., Pg. departer, desparter,
It. di-, dis-partire, spartire, Rom. compound of
de- or dis- (des-) +partire, for 1. dispfertire to divide,
f. Dis-+fartire to part, divide. See De- I. 6.)
I. To divide or part, with its derived senses.
+1. trans. To divide into parts, dispart. Ods.
, 1297 R. Grovc. (1724) 394 Hii departede vorst her ost as
in foure partye. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 27 Pis
werke I departe and dele in seuene bookes. c 1400 MAUNDEV.
Roxb.) xi. 43 Pe 3erde of Moyses, with be whilk he departid
Reed See. c1430 Lypc. J/in. Poems (Percy Soc.) 219
Departe thy tyme prudently on thre. 1551 Turner Herbal |
1. (1568) Hiva, Leues .. very deply indentyd, euen to the
very synewes whiche depart the myde leues.
+b. zutr. To divide, become divided. Oéds.
1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) 1.63 pe Rede see [#. e. Arabian
Sea] strecchep forp, and departep in tweie mouthes and sees.
Pat oon is i-cleped Persicus .. bat oper is i-cleped Arabicus.
1548-77 Vicary Anat. v. (1888) 37 [The sinews] depart
agayne into two, and eche goeth into one eye.
+e. Her. See DEPARTED 2. Obs.
+ 2. trans. To divide or part among persons,
etc.; to distribute, partition, deal out; to divide
with others, or among themselves, to share ; some-
times (with the notion of division more or less
lost, as in DEAL v.) to bestow, impart. Ods.
1340 Hampote /’saéter xxi. 18 Pai departid to baim my
clathes, 1388 Wycuir Prov. xi. 24 Sum men departen her
own thingis, and ben maad richere. ¢ 1430 Lyvc. Bochas 1.
x. (1544) 21a, This Kingdom .. Should haue be departed of
right betwene us twein. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 76 b/2 Yf
thou haue but lytyl, yet studye to gyue and to departe therof
aa ¢ 1530 H. Ruoves BA. Nurture in Babees Bk, (1868)
103 Be content to departe to a man wylling to learne suche
thinges as thou knowest. 1557 N. T. (Genev.) Yohn xix. 24
They departed my rayment among them. 1582 N. Licne-
FIELD tr. Castanheda’s Cong. E. /nd. 55 a, He departed with
him both money and other rewards. x Relig. Wotton.
22 He could depart his affection between two extremes.
+b. To deal (blows). Ods. rare,
©1477 Caxton ¥ason 16b, Whan the k apperceyued
that Jason departed suche strokes. ie wien
+e. absol. To share, partake (with a person in
a thing). Ods,
¢ 1440 Generydes 3418, I shall..in wurchippe the avaunce,
And largely departe with the also. 1499 Plumpton Corr.
137, Lam willing to depart with him in lands & in goods.
1549 CoverDALE Erasm. Par. 2 Cor. viii. 14 Whyles eche of
you departeth with other, so that neyther of you lacke
anye thyng.
+3. trans. To put asunder, sunder, separate,
part. Odés.
1297 R. ome Pes) 466 King Lowis .. And Elianore is
quene, vor kunrede departed were. 1393 Gower Conf. II.
Ae? That deth shuld us departe attwo. Mavunpev.
1839) iii. 16 A gret Hille, that men clepen Olympus, that
leparteth Macedonye and Trac 's
hye. cxg00 L
Cirurg. 265 rte liztli pe toop and pe fleisch of be gomis.
1483 ye cart la Tour Dj, That ee hath hed man
may not departe. c1g3o Lp. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt.
(1814) 67 There began 1. peat and a sore batayle betwene
these two knightes. Arthur dyd his payne. .to d
them. 1 (Mar.) Bk. Com, Prayer, Wiatrs » Till
death vs departe [adtd. 1662 to do part]. 1601 Downy. Earl
Huntington u. ii. in Hazl. Dodsley VILL. 134 The world
shall nat depart us till we die. a Barrow Serm. (1810)
eee ee eee
us
204
+b. To sever or separate (a thing) from
(another). i PEE te
1340 Hampote Pr. Consc. 3710 Pai er ..
fratbe body of Criste. cue Lanfrane's Cirurg. 10 It rd
unpossible to departe po qualitees from bodies. /é6id. 142
WwW a membre is depertid from pe bodi. 1526 Tinpace
Rom. viii. 39 To departe [so Cranmer and 1§57 Geneva ;
Rhem., and 1611 separate) us from Goddes love. 1574 Hy.
Planting 78 You must translate them, and depart them
farther from other. 1590 Srenser 7. Q. u. x. 14 Which
Seuerne now from Logris doth depart.
+e. To separate in ee agg or thought ; to
. Obs.
discern apart, distinguis|
1380 Wycur Sel. Wks, 11, As pes bree persones of
GodbenoGod. .so alle dedes and werkes of be Trinite mai not
be departid from oper. 1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 248 We. .had
egally departed his good dedes and his euyl. c¢1510 More
Picus Wks. 2/2 Straunge tokens .. departing (as it wer) and
..seuering the cradles of such speciall chyldren fro the com-
pany of other of the common sorte. ae
+d. intr. To separate, make separation. Ods,
1388 Wycur /sa. lix. 2 3oure wickednesses han departid
bitwixe 30u and 3oure God. 1480 Caxton Deser. Brit. 8
The Seuarn departed somtyme bitwene Englond and Wales.
te. Old Chem. To separate a metal from an
alloy or a solution.
1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn. s.v., Depart farther, and get
your Silver out of the Aqua Fortis. 1751 Cuampers Cyc?.
s.v., The water of the first recipient serves for the first opera-
tion of departing, and the rest for the subsequent ones.
+4. trans. To sever, break off, dissolve (a con-
nexion or the like). Ods.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Frankl. T. 804, I have wel lever ever to
suffre woo, Than I departe the love bytwix yow tuo. ¢ 1400
Apol. Loll. 70 Mariage mad in prid & ferd degre .. is so
confermid pat it mai not be’departid. 1470-85 MALory
Arthur vi. xxxviii, Ye departed the loue bitwene me and
my wyf. 15.. Hacker 77eas. of Amadis 274 So sweete and
so faithfull a conjunction can not be departed without a great
heart breaking. 1579 Twyne /’hisicke agst. Fortune u. Wii.
233 b, With staues to depart their nightly conflictes.
+b. intr. (for ref.) Of a connexion, etc.: To
be severed, dissolved, or broken off. Ods.
1375 Barsour Bruce u. 169 Thusgat maid thai thar aquen-
tance That neuir syne..Departyt quhill thai lyffand war.
1377 Lanci. P. 72. B. xx. 138 Thanne cam coueityse .. For
a mantel of menyuere, he made lele matrimonye Departen ar
deth cam, and deuors shupte. 1523 Lp. Berners ro/ss. 1.
Ixxxi. 103 Than the bysshoppe sayd, Sirs, than our company
shall depart. . p
II. To go apart or away, with its derived senses.
The perfect tenses (/ntrans.) were formerly formed with
be: cf. is gone.
¢ + 5. zutr. To go asunder; to part or separate
from each other, to take leave of each other. Ods.
c1ago S. Eng. Leg. 1. 121/327 So departede pe court po,
and euerech to is In drou3. cz R. Brunne Chron, (1810)
52 In luf pei departed, Hardknout home went. ¢ 1500
Nut-Brown Maid 33.1 here you saye farwel: nay, nay, we
departe not soo sone. 1601 Hottann Pliny II. 208 The
putrifaction of the flesh ready to depart from the bone.
a 1605 Montcomerte Misc. Poems xxxix. 12 Adeu nou; be
treu nou, Sen that we must depairt. 1641 Hinve ¥. Bruen
xlii. 133 So loth wee were to depart asunder,
6. intr. To go away (from a person or place) ;
to take one’s leave. (The current sense, but chiefly
in literary use ; fo depart from =to leave.)
a 1225 [see Derartinc vb. sb. 4). ©1340 Cursor M, 1189
(Fairf.) Be pat we fra pe depart [earlier texts aL
ar Hamvore /salter vi. 8 Departis fra _me all pat
wirkes wickednes. ¢1477 Caxton Yason 68 He departed
out of temple and also from Athenes. 1526 TinpALE
Yohn xvi. 7 Yf 1 departe, 1 will sende him vnto you.
1547-8 Ordre of Communion 16 Then shall the Prieste..
let the people depart. 1697 Dryvven Virg. Georg. m1. 818
‘The Learned Leaches in Despair i 1841 Lane Arad.
ve I, 113 She then said to him, Depart, and return not
ither. :
b. To set out (on a journey), set forth, start.
Opp. to arrive. (Now commonly to /eave.)
c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon i. 52 n the ari bo |
came, departed well erly from Parys the sayd Guenelon an
his felawes. 1548 Hatt Chron. 208 b, He entered the ship
with the other, which were redy to bag. on 1625-6 Purcuas
Pilgrimes 11. 1081 The Negui was departed. And every
man hastened to follow after. 1792 Mrs. C. Smrru Desmond,
III. 61 In case the Duke shoul i apne he directs her
instantly to set out for Paris. 1817 W. Secwyn Law Nisi
Prius (ed. 4) 11. 969 If the ship did not from
Lia peat with convoy, 7Y¥me-table. The train departs
at 6.30. P
+c. To go away éo or into (a place); to go
forth, pass, proceed, make one’s way. Ods.
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. (MS. A) 305 To defende pat
mater schal not departe into al be lyme. 1586 B, Younc
Guaszo's Civ. Conv. 1.227 He had a desire to depart home
to his lodging. 1611 Bisve Afatt, ii. 12 They departed into
their owne countrey another way.
+d. Zodepart one's way; to go one’s way. Obs.
1535 CoverDaLe 1 Esdras ix. 51 youre waye then,
& eate the best, & drynke the swetest.
7. intr. To leave this world, decease, die, pass
1gor Bury Wills (1850) 85 My body, if it me to de-
parte wtin vij. myle of gret Berkehamstede, to ther,
1526 TinpaLe Luke ii. 29 Lorde, now lettest 0d
39
1702 J. Locan in Pa. Hist. Soc.
Mem. X. 94, I went co visit kim the day before be ed.
1862 Buckie Civilis. Sa Riga iv. 227 When a
departed from this
minister
DEPARTABLE.
vs t. 1536 in W. H. Turner Sedect. Rec. O.
138 Nicholas Peg 1
company. 1548 Ha. Chron. 114 All the W
commaut ..to depart the toune. 1597 Hooker Ecc/. ol.
Sere Die Cove Sac: . esgeeon amr aliens
fe isc. Govt, Eng. 1. lix.(1739) 112 No
or other may the Realm, without the King’s Licence.
1712 Appison Sfect. No. 517 § 1 Sir Roger de Coverley
is dead. He departed this life at his house in the country.
17% tr. Rollin’s Anc. Hist. (1827) U1. 1. 126 Jugurtha was
commanded to depart Italy. rep Keicutiey Hist. Eng.
IL. op ee pe gh ew ordered to depart the kingdom.
1861 Dickens Gt. Expect. xxxiv, Mrs. J. Gargery had de-
parted this life on Monday last.
+9. To send away, dismiss, Ods.
1484 Caxton Chivalry 73 Charite. a euery vyce.
c 1500 Chron. Gr. Friers Camden 28 Kynge .. made
them grete chere and so yd them home agayne. 1614
Rareicu Hist, World Pref. 17 The abolished parts are
departed by small degrees.
+10. intr. To start, spring, come forth, or issue
Srom; to come of. Obs.
©1477 Caxton JYason 56b, By theyr countenaunce and
habylements .. they ben departed from noble and goode
hous, ¢ — Blanchardyn xiiv. 173 Of churles, Pothe
man and wyff, can departe noo goode fruyte. yi
ll: intr. (transf. and fig. from 6.) To withdraw,
turn aside, diverge, deviate; to desist (/rom a course
of action, etc.). Zo depart from : to leave, abandon;
to cease to follow, observe or practise.
1393 Gower Conf. III. 103 The. . Nile. .Departeth fro his
cours and falleth Into the see Alexandrine. 1535 CoverDALe
Prov. iii. 7 Feare y’ Lorde and departe from euell. 1590
Srenser F. Q. m1. ii. 41 Shamefull lustes.. which depart
From course of nature. 1 Hoses Leviath, ui. xl. 25
It was not with a design to depart from the worship of fi
1732 Berketey Alciphr. vu. § 24 They depart from received
opinions. 1857 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) 1. App. 673
The fourth narrative departs in sev impertant points
from the Chronicles. 1893 Law Jimes XCV. 27/1 Dis-
inclination. .to depart from the long-establi practice.
III. +12. Depart with. a. To take leave
of; to go away from. (Cf. 5, 6.) Obs. rare.
1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1. iii. 22 Cursed
& dampned spyrite, departe than forth with this creature.
1563 Foxe A. & 4. 763 b, And so departed I with them.
+b. To part with; to give up, surrender; to
give away, bestow. (Cf. 2.) Obs.
¢ 1485 Digby Mys?. (1882) 111. 102 O ye good fathyr of grete
degre, thus to departe with your ryches. 1595 Suaks. Soin
u. i. 563 Iohn.. Hath willingly departed with a part. 1642
Perkins Prof. Bk. i. § 47. 21 Shee hath departed with her
right by the feoffment. 1792 Cuirman Amer. Law Ref.
(1871) 41 The officer had a lien on the cattle. On receipt
= not consider that the officer wholly departs with that
1en.
+18. So Depart from, in the same sense (12 b).
1548 Cranmer Catech. 81 b, Neyther by threatnyng. .cause
him to depart from any portion of his goodes, 1612 T.
Taytor Comm. Titus i. 5 With what difficultie depart they
[stones] from their naturall roughnesse? 1681 Burnet
Hist. Ref. 11, 88 The inferior clergy departed from their right
of being in the House of Commons. .
. Obs. [a. F. départ (13th c. in
+ De sb.
artly treated as
20 That lewd lover di t
1591 Suaxs. Two Gent. v. iv. 96 At my depart I gaue this
[ring] vnto Iulia. 1593 — 3 Hen. V1, 1. i. 110, When your
braue Father breath’d his latest , Tydings .. Were
brought me of your Losse, and his 1642 H. More,
Song of Soud u. nu. ut. xxxviii, The depart.
1724 Ramsay 7a-t. Misc. (1733) 1 For her my
heart was sair. 1840 Sportsman in Irel. § Scot. Ul. iv. 715
The salmon having long since made his depart.
2. Old Chem. The separation of one metal from
another with which it is eneyne.
= Bacon.) ome chymists have a liquor called water
(ed. 2) 79 The Depart, or ing of Metals, is when a Di
solvent quits the Metal it dissolved to betake itself unto
another. 1704 J. Harnis Lex. Techn. s.v., A certain Opera-
tion in Chymistry is called ‘he Depart, because the
of Silver are mate by it to degun Ren Career zee
before melted together, 1751 Cuampers Cycel., De,
rs
a of or
of aqua fortis.. .if you again filtrate this water, and pour on
it the liquor of fixed nitre, you will have another depart, the
calamine precipitating to the bottom.
om eae Grace, tear oo
rhe 13-1 c. in 9 “ar vb.
4 ers The — in on follows L, analogy :
ef, L. 7ilis from iri.
L “that ma ee ; separable.
be
Lai D. PL xvit. 26 rinite, Thre
Stn bt te te And ais Pes
Ladye 104 Yf eny of them were e from ot er.
2. That may be, or is to be, divided or distri-
buted ; divisible.
soit departable
(1292 Britton m1. viii. § 4 Qe le ae
entre les enfauntz. Cath. Angi.
dinisibilis. 1535 Act — ‘en. VI, apy rare
DEPARTANCE.
be departed and departable amonges issues and heires males.
1574 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 139 b, The whiche tenementes be
departable among the brethren. 1741 T. Robinson Gaved-
kind ii, 26 They ulways been departible.
+Deparrtal. Ods. rare. [f. Derart v. + -AL,
after avriva/.] Departure.
1823 Gat Entail I. xi. 82 When my father took his
departal to a better world. 1836 —in 7azz’s Mag. III.
3935 ing of my departal from Glasgow.
epa‘rtance. Obs. [a. OF. departance, f.
depart-tr : see -ANCE.] Departure.
1579 Wills & Inv. N. C. (Surtees) 15, I will, that after the
departence of this mortal liff..my bodie be buried. 1g92
Wyriry Armorie 61, I license craue for this departaunce.
+Deparrte. In phrase /ay a departe (? error)
for Jay aparte, lay aside.
¢1489 Caxton Blanchardyn iii. 17 All rewthis layde a
departe, as well for his fader as for his modre.
Departed (dépa-stéd), fol. a. [f. Depart v.
+-ED 1,
+1. Divided into parts, etc. : see DEPanrt v. 1, 2.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pars, 7. 898 (H.) Eyther thay forletin her
confessours al utterly, or ellis thay departen here schrifte
in divers places; but sothely such departed schrifte hath no
mercy of God. 1463 Bury Wills (1850) 36, I beqwethe ..
a doubyl ryng departyd of gold, with a ruby and a turkeys.
+2. Separated, parted; severed from the main
body, schismatic, apostate; in //er, separated by
a dividing line (cf. Party a.). Obs.
1439 C’ress Warwick in £. EZ. Wills(1883) 117 A Skochen
of myn Armes departyd with my lordys. cxgrr 1st Eng.
Bk. Amer. (Arb.) Introd. 31/1 These ketters..is departed of
the holy Romes chyrche. 1633 Eart Mancu. A/ Mondo
(1636) 14 If wee consider Death aright, It is but a departed
breath from dead earth.
3. That has departed or gone away; past, bygone.
1552 Hutoet, Departed, dissitus, preteritus. 1845 J.
Saunpers Cabinet Pictures 20 Antiquity and departed
greatness.
A. spec. That has departed this life; deceased.
1§03-4 Act 19 Hen. V//, c. 25 Pream., Lyfe [is] as un-
certayne to such as survyve as to them now departed. 1599
B. Jonson Ev. Man out of Hum. v. iv, Shedding funereal
tears over his departed dog. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 419
Px Magicians, Demons, and departed Spirits, 1863 Faw-
cetr Pot. Econ. m1. ii. 311 The works of a departed artist.
b. In this sense often used absolutely, the departed
(sing. and pi.) ; cf. deceased.
1722 WotLaston Relig. Nat. ix. 208 The seats and circum:
stances of the departed. 1794 Mrs. Rapcurre J/yst.
Udolpho ii, A prayer for the soul of the departed. 1875
Mannie Misston H. Ghost ix. 249 ‘The Catholic Church. .
cherishes with loving memory all her departed. 1887 Bowen
Aineid v1, 220 The departed is placed on the funeral bed.
Departer ! (d/pa-itor). [f Derarr v.+-ER!:
probably a. OF. departeur (nom. case orig. de-
partere, obj. departeor), f. départir to DEPART.]
+1. A divider, distributor ; discerner. Ods.
1382 Wyciir Luke xii. 14 A! man, who ordeynede me
domesman, ether departer, on 30u? — Hedy. iv. 12 The
word of God is..departer or demer of thou3tis and inten-
ciouns of hertis. c1q00 Afol. Loll. 61 He is not ordeind
juge ne departar vp on men.
2. Old Chem, One who separates a metal from
an alloy; a refiner of gold or silver. Cf. Parver.
1656 Biount Glossogr. s.v. Finour, Finours of Gold and
Silver .. A[ct] 4 Hfen.] 7. ca. 2. hey be also called
Parters in the same place ; sometimies Departers.
3. One who separates or secedes from a body or
cause ; a seceder. (Now merged in sense 4.)
1586 Ferne Blas. Gentrie 311 A departer from his Cap-
taynes Banner, 1820 Examiner No. 652. 644/1 Lady
Charlotte Lindsay, another of the departers, 1860 Pusey
Min. Proph. 6x They are all departers, i.e. .. before the
were cast out visibly in the y, they departed in mind.
4. One who departs or goes away.
1673 O. Waker Lducation 223 The Patron leaveth the
rest and accompanieth the departer. 1705 Col. Rec. Penn-
sylv. 11. 23 An Act about Departers out of this Province.
1747 Franxin Ess. Wks. 1840 III. 13 The hurry and dis-
order of departers, carrying away their effects.
+ Depa‘rter?. Zaw. Obs. [subst. use of AF.
departer (Britton ut. iv. 25) = OF. departir pres.
inf. to depart, ee tg | = DEPARTURE 6,
1628 Coxe On Litt. 139 a, A departer in despight of the
Court .. when the Tenant or Defendant after appearance. .
makes departure in despight of the Court .. It is called
avetraxit, 1751 CHAMBERS Cycl., Departure or Departer,
in law, a term properly applied to a person, who first plead-
ing one thing in bar of an action, and that being replied to,
he waves it, and insists on something different.
Departible, var. form of DEPARTABLE a. Ods.
Departing, vé/. sd. [f. Depart v. + -ING!.]
The action of the verb Depart, in various senses.
+1. Division (in various senses); distribution,
sharing. Obs.
@1340 Hampote Psalter cxxxv. 13 He departyd pe redd
see in departynges. ¢1380 Wyctir Wks. (1880) 81 In de-
partyng of meritis to whom pat hem likib. 1382 — 1 Cor.
xii. 6 Departingis of worchingis. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De
P. R. xv. xlvi. (1495) Dalmacia is a prouynce of Grece
by olde departynge of londe. ¢1449 Pecock KRepr. 407
In summe cuntreis the di ing was mad other wise and
into iij parties. c1450 Merlin 236 Ech man toke at his
wille of that hym liked, and made noon other departynge.
ees Eneis vi. Prol, go The sted of fell turmentis,
ith seir departingis. 1399 Haxtuyr Voy. II. 1. 93 In de-
parting of the bootie.
+ 2. Separation. Ods. or arch.
¢ 1300 K. Adis. 912 And makith mony departyng Bytweone ;
knyght and his swetyng. ¢ 1340 Cursor M. 895 (Fairf.) Fra
}
|
|
|
|
205
pis day sal departynge be for-sop betwix wommon and be.
¢x400 Afol. Loll. 72 Be ware of making of mariagis, & of
diuorsis or departingis. _ 1530 Patscr. 213/1 Departynge
of man and wyfe, repudiation, diuorse. 1593 SHAKS. 3
Hen, VI, 1. vi. 43 A deadly grone like life and deaths de-
parting. 1832-5 M. Arnotp Poems, Kaded Leaves, At this
bitter departing.
+b. concr. Place of separation ; division, boun-
dary. Obs.
1460-70 Bk. Quintessence 5 And pat erpely watir wole first
come out pat is in pe necke, and so til it be come out ynto
pe departinge bitwixe it and be quinte essence.
3. The action of leaving, taking one’s leave or
going away; departure. (In early use ‘leaving
cach other, separation’, as in 2. Now vare or
Obs.; replaced by DEPARTURE.)
1228 Ancr. R. 250 Pis was his driwerie pet he bileauede
and 3ef ham in his departunge. 1340 Hampote Pr. Covsc.
6113 Pe day of departyng fra God away. ¢ 1386 CHAUCER
Man of Law’s T. 162 The day is come of hire departyng.
1481-90 //oward Househ. Bhs. (Roxb.) 186 At my Lordes
departynge from London. ¢ 1500 7hree Aings Sons 73 Athis,
my frende, the tyme is come now of oure departyng. 1644
Mitton Yudgm. Bucer (1851) 335 Not .. the mis-beleeving
of him who departs, but the departing of him who mis-
beleevs.
+b. =DeEpartuRE 2b; decease, death. Ods.
1388 Wyciir 2 7’. iv. 6 The tyme of my departyng is
ny3. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. 11. 486 How King Donald
was crownit .. and of his worthie Deidis .. and his Depart-
ing. 1633 Br. Haut Jledit. §& Vows, Passing Bel (1851) 87
It calls us .. to our preparation, for our own departing.
attrib. a 1618 Ravin Rem, (1664) 114 If you were laid
upon your departing bed.
+e. fix. Departure from a given state or course ;
falling away; secession, desertion, apostasy.
1526 TInDALE 2 7/ess. ii. 3 Except there come a depart-
ynge fyrst. 1594 1. B. La Primand. Fr, Acad. 11. 563 The
departing and declining of the soule.
+4. Departing with: parting with, giving up.
1529 Worsey in Ellis Oty. Lett. Ser. 1. Il. 11 Of the
frankke departyng with of all that I had in thys world.
Departing, ///. a. [f. Devarr v. + -ING”.]
That departs, goes away, or takes leave ; parting ;
Jig. vanishing (often with reference to sense b).
1751 Jounson Rambler No. 187 ® 3 She stood awhile to
gaze upon the departing vessel. 1855 Macautay Hist, Eng.
III. 57 The opposite streams of entering and departing
courtiers. 1875 Jowetr Péafo (ed, 2) III. 155 Reflecting
the departing glory of Hellas. 18.. THrinc Hymn ‘The
Radiant morn’, Vhe shadows of departing day.
b. Dying.
1603 Knottes /fist, Turks (1638) 331 It is the only sacrifice
that my old departing ghost desireth of thee, 1633 Br, Hatt
Meait. §& Vows, Passing-bell (1851) 87 It calls us .. to our
prayers, for the departing soul. 1848 Macautay /ist. Eng.
II. 183 While the prayer for the departing was read at his
bedside. :
+ Departingly, adv. Obs. rare. [f. prec. +
-LY 2.) Ina divided manner ; separately.
1388 Wyciir Na. x. 7 Symple cry of trumpis schal be,
and thei schulen not soune departyngli [1382 not stownd-
meel; Vulg. zon concise ululabunt).
it het petat | vol. sb. Sc. Obs. [? from a
vb. departise (cf. OF. departissement, departisseur),
or ? corruption of departison.] Partition.
1478 Act. Audit, 86 (Jam.)'The said breve of depertising of
the said half landis of Blith. 1480 Act. Dom. Conc. 66 (ibid.)
The divisioune & departising made. .the xx day of Julij.
+ Depa‘rtison. Ods. In 5 -ysoun, -own, -on,
-isonne ; also 5-6 departson. [a. OF. defartison,
f. départer, after partison :—L. partition-em, n. of
action from Zartire to divide.] Earlier form of
DEPARTITION.
1. Division into parts; distribution, partition.
1444 Pol. Poenrs (Rolls) II. 217 Make a departysoun Of
ther tresours to folk in indigence. ¢ 1450 Mirour Saluacioun
4176, And taken hire half his kyngdome be twypart de-
partisonne,
2. Separation.
c1440 Lypc. Secrees 29 Thou must first Conceyven .. un-
kouth divysion, Watir from Eyr by a dysseuerance, And
ffyr from Eyr by a departyson.
. Departure ; ¢ransf. decease.
¢ 1450 Loneticu Grail xliii. 423 Aftyr here deth and de-
partysown. ¢1475 Partenay 104 At ther departson had
thay gret dolour.
+ Departition (dépaiti‘fon). Oss. Also 5
-ycyon, -isyon, 6 -ysion, -icion, [n. of action
f. Depart v., on L. analogies: cf. L. fartitio,
dispertitio, f. partire, dispertire. ‘The earlier form,
from OF.,-was Departison, of which this may be
considered an adaptation to the Latin type.]
1. Distribution, partition ; = prec. 1.
2cexg30 in Pol. Red. & L. Poems (1866) 33 Peraventure thei
seke departysion of ther heritage,
2. Separation ; severance.
€1400 Test. Love mt. (1560) 294/1 The same law that
joyneth by wedlocke .. yeveth libel of departicion bycause
of devorse. 1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy ut. xxv, Now, hast thou
made a departisyon Of vs that were by hole affection Yknyt
in one. 1470-85 MaLory Arthur xu. vii, Hit shall greue
me ryghte sore the departycyon of this felauship.
3. Departure.
14 Matory Arthur 1x. xxxvi, Ye putte vpon me that
I shold ben cause of his departycyon.
Departitor (dipaitoi'tg1). rare. [Agent-n.
from Depart v. with L. suffix: cf. L. partitor,
dispertitor.] One who divides or distributes.
DEPARTMENTAL.
ame J. Payne toor Nights 1X. 138, I called in a depar-
titor from the Cadi's Court and he divided amongst us the
money.
Departizanize: see Dr- II. 1.
Department (d/paitmént), sd. Also 5 de-
partement. [ME. a. F. département (12th ec. in
Hatzf.) = Pr. departe-, departiment, lt. diparte-
mento, a Romanic deriv. of departire, ¥. départir:
see DEPART v, and -MENT.
The senses in I from OF. were apparently obsolete before
those in II were introduced from modern French.)
+I. The action of departing. Ods.
+1. = DEPARTURE, in various senses: @. separa-
tion; b. going away, leave-taking, withdrawal ;
ec. decease.
c1450 A/irour Saluacioun 1890 Yt we come to thi joys
with out departement. c1477 Caxton Fasox 65 Alas Jason
.. prolonge ye and tarye your departement. ¢ 1500 J/elusine
97 UVhanne he toke leue of them and they were sorowfull of
theire departement. 1572 Lament. Lady Scotland in Se.
Poems 16th C. IL. 250 Befoir her last department. 1586
A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 87 By meanes whereof grew
this..unkinde department betweene us. 1624 Wotton
Archit, (1672) 61 Our Sight is not well contented with those
sudden departments from one extream to another. a 1677
Barrow Is, (1686) II. 382 The seperation, department and
absence of the soul from the body.
+ 2. Division, partition, distribution. Ods.
1677 Gate Crt. Gentiles v.18 Making the distributions
and departments of his rayes,
II. 3. ‘Separate allotment; province or busi-
ness assigned to a particular person’ (J.); hence in
wider application: A separate division or part of a
complex whole or organized system, esf. of activi-
ties or studies ; a branch, province.
{Johnson, 1755, calls it ‘a French term’.] .
@1738 ArpuTunot (J.), ‘The Roman fleets... had their
several stations and departments. 1764 Footr Pa/ronu u.
Wks. 1799 I. 349 The highest pitch of perfection in every
department of writing but one—the dramatic. 1832 G.
Downes Lett, Cont. Countries 1, 528 Among the professors
.. Messrs. Gautier and Picot, whose departments are severally
astronomy and history. 1856 Six B. Broptr /’sychod. [ng.
I. v. 173 Hitherto .. little progress has been made in this
department of knowledge. 1883 Nature 17 May 56 To judge
.. Whether the co-operation of scientific men would have ren-
dered the English department more instructive than it is.
b. spec. One of the separate divisions or branches
of state or municipal administration.
In the U.S. the word is used in the titles of the great
branches of administration, of which there are eight, the
Departments (Depts.) of State (orig. Foreign Affairs),
War, Treasury, Navy, Post-office, Fustice, Interior, and
Agriculture. Vhe Deft. of Labour is subordinate to that
of the Interior.
In Great Britain, the great departments of State are not so
named titularly, but the word is used in naming subdivisions
or branches of these, e.g. the Factory Deft., and Prisons
Deft. of the Home Office, and for certain other branches of
administration as the Paymaster General's Dept., Sctence
and Art Dept., Exchequer and Audit Deft., etc.; also in
the Gas, Water, Electric Lighting, Tramways, and other
Departments of a municipal Corporation, .
1769 Funius Lett. i. 3 Only mark how the principal de-
partments of the State are bestowed, 1791 WasHINGTON
Writ. (1892) XII. 81 Statements from the proper depart-
ment [of the United States] will .. apprize you of the exact
result. - 1863 H. Cox /nstit. Pref. 7 A general account of
the British Government, of the powers and practice of its
several departments. /6¢d. 1. vii. 696 The regulation of
other departments subordinate to the Treasury. 1890 M.
Townsenn U. S. 274 The Department of State was esta-
blished by Act of Congress July 27, 1789, which act deno-
minated it as the Department of Foreign Affairs. 1892 A.
B. Hart For. of Union 144 In establishing the Treasury
Department a strong effort was made to create a Secretary
of the Treasury as an agent of Congress.
4. One of the districts into which France is divided
for administrative purposes, and which were sub-
stituted for the old provinces in 1790. Also ap-
plied to administrative divisions in some other
countries.
1792 Explan. New Terms in Ann. Reg. p. xv, Depart.
ments, the general divisions of France. 1793 Odyections to
War Examined 15 Its States broken up and converted into
French Departments. 1841 W. SratpinG /taly § It, Is.
III. 383 Corsica ..is still a province of that kingdom
[France]. It forms a department, called by its own name.
tine Jeruson Brittany xvi. 253 Situated on the confluence
of the Ile and the Vilaine, from whence the modern depart-
ment derives its name. :
b. A part, portion, section, region. rare.
1832 Hr. Martineau Demerara i. 2 In the richest regions
of this department of the globe.
Department, v. xonce-wd. ([f. prec. sb.]
trans. To divide into departments, or branches.
1885 Miss Brapvon Wyllard’s Weird II. 261 Everything
was to be classified, departmented. Organisation was to be
the leading note.
fas. mod.
artmental (dzpaitme'ntal), a.
F. départemental : see prec. sb. and -AL.
1. Of or pertaining to a French Department.
179t Macxintosu Vind. Gallice Wks. 1846 III. 111 The
series of three elections was still preserved for the choice of
Departmental Administrators. 1862 Fraser’s Mag. July
128 The municipal and departmental archives and public
libraries in France. .
b. gen. Of or pertaining to a particular district
or region.
1883 E. Copp in Knowledge 15 June 352/2 Indra .. god
of the bright sky .. a departmental or tribal deity.
DEPARTURE.
2. Of or pertaining to a department or branch of
government, or of any organized system.
1832 Sourney in Q. Rev. XLVIILI. 256 It has found an
active auxiliary in the departmental process. 1854 77mes,
Let. War Correspt. 31 Mar., Needless departmental eti-
— 1883 American V\1. 65 The new Commissioner of
nternal Revenue in his first departmental report to the
Secretary of the Treasury.
Hence Departme:ntally adv.; also “n-
talism, attachment to departmental methods ;
Departme‘ntalize v., to divide into departments ;
Departme:ntaliza'tion.
1846 R. Forp Gatherings /r. Spain 31 It was found to be
no anry eater to carry departmentalization. 1878 /raser’s
Mag. XVIII. 636 We have.. been, ences speaking,
in the Jura, though departmentally in the Doubs. 1886
Pall Mall G. 1 Jan, 4/1 The .. crippling diseases of official
red tape and departmentalism.
Departson, var. Derartison, Ods., departure.
Departure (d/pautitiz). [a. OF. *departeiire,
despartetire:—late L. type *dispartitiira, t. dispar-
tire, F. départ-ir to DEPART : see -URE.]
+1. Separation, severance, parting. Ods.
@ 1533 Lv. Berners //von clxii. 631, I shall make a depar-
ture of your two loues. 1§§9 Scot in Strype dun, Ref. IL.
App. vii. 17 The departure of Gascoygne. 1581 LamBarDE
Etren, 1. vii. (1588) 201 Controversies, betweene masters and
servants, touching their departure. 1643 Mitton Divorce
viii. (1851) 40 Much more can no other remedie or retire-
ment be found but absolute departure.
+b. concr. A boundary separating two regions ;
a separation, division. Ods.
1523 Lp. Berners /'7o/ss. I. cccxxiv. 505 By the ryuer of
Aude, the whiche was the departure of bothe realmes.
te. Old Chem, Separation of a metal from an
alloy or a solution. Ods.
1727-51 CHAMBERS Cycl. s.v. Depart, If the aqua fortis,
having quitted the silver, and being united with the copper,
be then filtrated, it is called agua secunda; in which if you
steep an iron plate some hours, you will have another de-
parture ; for the menstruum will let go the copper, and prey
on the iron,
+d. Departure with; parting with, giving up.
(Cf. DEPARTING vb/. sb. 4.)
1563 G. Cavenvisu IH o/sey (1893) 177 A bare and symple
a with another’s right.
. The action of departing or going away.
@ 1833 Lv. Berners //von |xxxv. 268 After his departure
Kynge Charlemayn made redy his company. 16rz Suaks.
Wint. T. 1. ii. 78 You knew of his departure, as you know
What you haue vnderta’ne to doe in’s psa 1667 Mitton
P. L. x1. 303 Departure from this happy place. 1875 Jowettr
Plato \ed, 2) 1. 375 The hour of departure has arrived.
b. The action of departing this life; decease,
death. Ods, or arch.
I Bury Wills (1850) 150 All theise .. things to him
before bequeathed to be delyvered to him... wtin a quarter
of one yeare after my departure. 1611 Bist 2 Zim. iv. 6
‘The time of my departure is at hand. 1752 Jonson
Rambler No. 203 ? 7 Vhe loss of our friends. .impresses..
upon us the necessity of our own departure. 1821 Map.
D'’Arsiay Lett. Nov., 1 had thought him dead, having
heard. .a report that asserted his departure.
3. transf. and fig. Withdrawal, divergence, de-
viation (from a path, course, standard, ete. ).
@ 1694 TitLotson (J.), The fear of the Lord, and departure
from evil. 1705 C. Pursnaci Mech. Macrocosm 122 Their
asa Departure North, and South, are sometimes Greater, and
sometimes Less, than that of the Sun. 1782 Priestiey
Corgupt. Chr 1. Pref. 15, | have not..taken notice, of every
departure from the original standard. 1832 Examiner 261/2
Every departure from truth is a blemish. 1875 Maine ///st.
Inst. ii. 52 Partial and local departures from the Brehon
Law were common all over Ancient Ireland.
_4. The action of setting out or starting on a
journey ; sfec. the starting of a railway train from
a station. Also a/trib, (Opposed to arrival.)
1540 Stat. 32 Hen. VIII, c. 14 [They] intende to make ..
their departur from the said porte ..as soone as wynde and
wether wyl serue. Haktuyt Voy, 1. 421 (R.) At their
departure was shot off all the ordinance of the ship. 1776
Gispon Decé. & F. i. (1838) I. 17 Whenever the trumpet gave
the signal of departure, 1871 Mortey lo/taire (1886) 101
The period of twenty years between Voltaire’s departure
from England and his departure for Berlin. 1887 W. E.
Norris Major § Minor 11,138 Miss Huntley was standin
on the departure side of the little Kingscliff station. A/od.
The Booking Office is open 15 minutes before the departure
of each train.
5. fig. The starting or setting out on a course of
action or thought. Mew departure: a fresh start ;
the beginning of a new course of procedure ; cf. 7 b.
1839 CaLnoun Ws. (1874) IIL. 399 My aim is fixed, to
take a fresh start, a new departure on the States Rights
Republican tack. 1876 Giapstone //omeric Synchr. 9 To
begin by stating my point of copes, 1883 Cuacmers &
Hovcu Bankruptcy Act Introd.g The present Act makes a
fresh departure in bankruptcy legislation.
6. Law. a. A deviation in pleading from the
ground taken by the same Wess in an antecedent
plea. +b. Departure in despite of the court: see
quot. 1641 (obs.).
1548 Act 2-3 Edw. VJ, c. 2 § 6 The Justices .. shall .. de-
termine. .the said Offences concerning every such Departure.
1628 Coke On Litt. b, A departure in pleading is said
to be when the second Plea ineth matter not p
to his former. 1641 Termes de la Ley 110b, Departure
from a plee or matter. /d/d., Departure in despight of the
Court, is when the Tenant or Defendant appeareth to the
action brought against him, &. .is called after. .in the same
term, if he do not appeare, but make default, it is a depar-
206
pono of the Court, and therefore he shall be con-
demned,
7. Navigation, a. The distance (reckoned in
nautical miles) by which a ship in sailing oa
or moves east or west from a given meridian ;
change of longitude. (Abbreviated dep.) b. The
bearing of an object on the coast, taken at the
commencement of a voyage, from which the dead
reckoning begins.
1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. bk. 1. 158 Retain the ob-
served Difference of Latitude .. and thereby find the
Departure from the Meridian. 1699 Hacxe Coll. Voy.
I. 42 Next day we took a new Departure from thence
[Isle of Ascension], 1820 J. H. Moore Pract. Navigator
52 Easting or westing, in Plane Sailing, is called ture
or Meridian Distance. /did. 66 Suppose a 3 takes her
departure from the Lizard. 1837 Penny Cycl. VIII. 414 The
number of miles in the course multiplied by the sine of the
angle which it makes with the meridian gives the departure
in miles. 1884 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 270 When clear of the
harbor. .a bearing is taken of one known object and the dis-
tance estimated. .the result..is entered in the log-book with
ned reas time. This is called the departure (i, e. from the
land).
Hence (once-wds.) Depa'rturism, Depa‘rturist,
in the expressions new departurism, new depar-
turtst, the principle, or the advocate, of a ‘new
departure’ in any movement or course of action.
1887 J. E. Dwinett Side Lights 10/2 The argument for
the presence of New Departurism, 1887 G. W. Vepitz in
Amer, Annals of Deaf July 163, I did not mean him, but
only the new departurists, Osler, Arnold,
Depascent (d/px'sént), a. rare. [ad. L.
dépascéent-em, pr. pple. of dépascére, dépasct, to eat
down, consume, waste.] Consuming.
1651 Biccs New Disp. P 295 By the vigour of the di-
gestible, esurine, and depascent ferment. 1727 Baivey vol.
II, Depascent, feeding greedily. 1755 in Tomwnon. 1822
Goon Stud. Med. (1834) 11. pay ee int Yaws—Depascent;
and destroying progressively both muscle and bone.
Depass (d/pa's), v. rare. [a. F. défasser, in
OF. desp-, f. dé-, des- (see Dis-) + passer to Pass.]
+a. zur. To go, pass away, depart. Ods. b. trans.
To pass beyond.
1559 in Burgh Rec. Peebles 5 May (Jam. Supp.), The
sojarris..to depas incontinent of the toune. 1886 Blackw.
Mag. CXL. 505 Having depassed the height of 1800 metres
.-above which fir-trees do not thrive. :
+ Depa‘stion. Os. rare. [ad. L. dépastion-em
eating down, feeding of cattle, n. of action from L.
dépascére : see DEPASCENT.] Consumption.
1658 Br. Reynotps Lord's Supper xvii, A wasting Wepas-
tion and decay of Nature. /6/d. xviii, That continual
depastion of his radical moysture by vital heat.
+ Depa:stor. Ods. nonce-wd. [agent-noun from
L. dépascére (see DEPASCENT), after pastor.) One
who feeds upon, eats away, or consumes.
1583 Stuppes Anat. Abus, 1. (1882) 91 The wicked liues
of their pastors (or rather depastors). bid. 95 No more is
he a good pastor or minister, but rather a depastor and
minisher.
Depasturage (d/pa'stiiirédz). [f. DepasTurE
v. + -AGE.] a. The eating down of pasture by
grazing animals. b. Right of pasture.
1765 Projects in Aun. Reg. 144/1 The plants were all ina
condition for depasturage. 1 Burn Eccl. Law (ed. 6)
IIL. 477 The value or usual price of the depasturage of such
beasts per week upon such eddish or after-grass. 1807 VAN-
couver Agric. Devon (1813) 218 The inhabitants .. have the
right of a free depasturage for their sheep upon the moor.
1875 J. Fisher Landholding in Eng., The profit which arose
from sheep-farming led to the depasturage of the land.
Depasture (d/pa'stiiiz), v. [f. De- I. 1 +
Pasture v.; cf., for sense, OF. depaistre (Cotgr.
desp-), ad. L. dépascére to eat down, consume.]
1. ¢rans. Of cattle: To consume the produce of
(land) by grazing upon it; to use for pasturage.
1596 Srenser State /re/. Wks. (Globe ed.) 630/1 To keepe
theyr cattell. .pasturing upon the mountayn. .and removing
still to fresh land, as a A have depastured the former.
«1796 Vancouver in A. Young £ss, Agric. (1813) 11. 284
‘The sheep and cow cattle, with which the primest of the
grass lands through the county are generally depastured.
1799 J. Ronertson Agric, Perth 303 cows are fed in
summer on cut clover, without allowing them to depasture
it. nage maabe —_ Ge 06s) 47 vu. viet Clayey
country, dirty-greenish, as if depastu rt geese.
transf, § fig. r6r0 G. FLercuer Christ's Vien, Nor
Hibla, though his thyme depastured, As fast againe with
honie blossomed. 1864 Sat, Rev. XVIII. 381/1 If Austria
is forced to depasture the land with hordes of soldiery.
2. intr. To graze.
1586 Wills §& Inv. N. C. 1. Surtees (1860) 131. My cattell
shall remayne and depasture, uppon wy es. .as they
are at this instante. 1628 Coxe On Litt, 96a, ‘To sheere
all the sheep depasturing within the manor. 1785 PaLey
Mor. Philos, (1818) 1. 114 Whilst his flocks depastured upon
a neigh ing hill. x rn. R. Agric, Soc. 1, m1. 263
Over this vast open field..no cattle can yy
Wie 1600 Fairrax 7asso xu. Ixxix. 250 The bait and food,
hereon his strange disease depastred long.
3. trans. To
feed (cattle). a a
1713 Dernam Phys. Theol. v. i. uring their
Cattel in the Desarts and sncunbeaied World. 1809 Vert.
Hist. in Ann, Reg. 799/2 The country on which the sheep
are a . «1s set out into divisions, 1844 WILLIAMS
rojo pene (18:
at
put (cattle) to graze ; to pasture or
77) 324 A right of depasturing cattle on the
Sig. 1859 I. Tavtor Logic in Theol. 240 The human spirit
DEPAUPERIZE.,
. -depasturing itself in the fat levels of the Greek literature.
3g Atex. Stra Stony. Skye Ll 147 We could pleasantly
the
“T Of land: To furnish pasturege to
ge to sagt
1805 Luccock Nat. Wool 196 This part of county ..
now... depastures flocks in whose frame and fleece are visible
some mptoms of a more fashionable breed. 1844
Port Phillip CAustral.) Patriot 22 July 3/6 The run will de-
pasture about 4000
Hence Depa‘stured ///. a.; Depa'sturing 70/.
sb. and ppl. a.; also Depa‘sturable a., capable of
= ; Depastura‘tion, Depasture s/.,
uring. :
Phe. bear prec Walks Forest v. (1796) 85 The bare worn
, and °C age plain. 1807 Vancouver Agric.
Devon (1813) 282 The depasturable parts of the forest. 1823
Surtees Durham L111. 239 note, were of so much im-
portance that..the depasturing of bees was one article of a
solemn concordat between two religious houses. 1841 Frnd/.
R. Agric. Soc. 11, u. 216 It [the winter tare] is sometimes
resorted to for depasturation in the spring. 1846 J. Baxter
Libr, Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) 1. 380 Mowing and depasturing
are modes of cropping, comprehended in the term manage-
ment of meadows. 1856 Frnl. R. Agric. Soc. XVUI1. 1. 282
If you watch cows on depasture, you observe them select
their own food. 1858 Cartyte Fredk. Gt. 11, vu. iii. 183
This is memorable ground. . little as the idle tourists think,
or the depasturing geese, who happen to be there. 2
+ Depa‘triate, v. Ods. [f. De- 1. 2+L. patria
fatherland: cf. med.L. dispatriare in same sense.]
intr. To leave or renounce one’s native country ;
to expatriate oneself.
a 1688 Vittiers (Dk. Buckhm.) Chances Wks. (1714) 154
If they should hear so odious a thing of us, as that we
should depatriate. a@1797 Mason Dean § Squire (R.),
A subject born in any state May, if he please, depatriate.
- Depau'per, v. Obs. [a. OF .depauferer, ad.
L. dépauperare: see next.] = DEPAUPERATE 2.
1562 Win3eE1 Cert. Tractates Wks. 1888 I. 8 The depau-
pering the tennentis be 3our fewis, augmentationis and
utheris exactionis. 1571 Sc. Acts Fas. V/ (1814) 69 Jam.)
Ye haue..dep eit the inhabitantis of the toun.
P
Depau'perate, //. a. Also 5-6 -at. [ad.
L. déepauperat-us, pa. pple. of dé see
st ag :
next.] Made poor; impoverished (ods. in general
use); b. Bot., etc. = DEPAUPERATED.
| — Carcrave Chron. 103 Alle tho that were depauperat
and spoiled be his predecessoure. @1§72 Knox Hist. Ref.
Wks. 1846 I. 404 The depauperat saullis that this day dwell
thairin. 1670 Lex Valionis 26 \t loses much of its vivacity,
and becomes depauperate and affect. 1863 A. Gray Let?.
(1893) 508 Inclosed are depauperate specimens [of the seeds].
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Depauperate, impoveri 3 as if
starved ; diminished in size for want of favourable condi-
tions of nourishment, and such like. Also. .having no, or
poverish ; to reduce in quality, vigour, or ca} y-
1623 Cockeram, Defauferate, to impouerish. im
Taytor Dissuas. Popery u. u. § 7 To represent a
carved stone, or a painted Table, does depau our
understanding of God. 1668 Phil. Trans. L11. 891 The
blood is now .. depauperated of the tuous: finer
particles. 1708 Motyneux id. XXVI. 59 Liming .. doth
not so much Depauperate the Ground. Carte Hist,
Eng. 11. 728 Bishops..had made shameful depredations
on She carck and on uperated many of the sees, 1886
Ch. Times 5 Nov. 173/2 By dep ing t! ional creed.
Hence Depau‘perating vé/. sd. and ffl. a.
1770 Noe 2A, 20 In this depauperating and attenu-
ating course jek aa f =]
u'perated, ale prec. + -ED,
Rendered poor, impoverished ; reduced or deterio-
rated in quality, vigour, capacity, etc.
1666 J. Smrru Old Age (1752)95 The best blood itself. . be-
comes weak much depauperated. 1756 C. Lucas Zss.
be feeg IL, 261 A .: _ — — rs
the juices, 1870 LARKE in Macm. » Nov. 4
; ble, sickly, and the dasmpuitel be
weeded out in the stru; for existence. 188: Huxtey in
Nature XXII, 611 fish is left in that lean and de-
pauperated state.
b. Zot., etc. Stunted or degenerate from want
ofnutriment; starved; imperfectly developed from
any cause that produces results analogous to in-
nutrition.
1830 Linptey Vat. Syst. Bot. 275 Flowers hermaphrodi
surrounded by bractex, the outer of which are pe
phn I a me The rocks of Sivecs present only
a pm ear edi ea | fauna,
Depa tion (dipp:peré - . [ad.med.L.
dépauperation-em, n. of action f. iperare to
impoverish : see DEPAUPERATE, or
condition of bres J depay ; im ishment.
1664 Baxter in Life § Times 1. (1696) 106, I fell into
another fit of Bleeding, which .. after my former
ation, did en me much. Carte Hist. ate
320 Getting the great seal put to Linask chanterh, $0 the Go-
—— of the Crown. LinpLEY ag Syst. 4
owers , or in racemes, ;,
p Pedant d pe of the upper leaves. bid.
233 A singular depauperation of the calyx .. in which that
organ is reduced sometimes to a a2), 7 of ie ::
Depauperize wpéraiz), v. . De- Lt
+ pauperize, after t : See prec.] =
DEPAUPERATE, PAUPERIZE.
DE-PAUPERIZE.
1873 Huxtey Crit. § Addr. 206 This immense fauna of
— Arctogza is shrunk and depauperized in North
sia. y
Hence Depauperiza‘tion, depauperation, pau-
perization. .
1844 Lincarp Anglo-Sax. Ch, (1858) 1. vi. 218 heading,
Depauperization of thé Church. 1877 H. Woopwarp in
Encycl, Brit. V1. 656/1 After such extreme retrogression,
the depauperization of certain parts and organs... in the
Anomoura is easily to be understood and admitted.
De-pauperize (d/po'pérsiz), v2 [f. De- II. 1
+ pauperize.| trans. To raise or free from pauper-
ism; to DISPAUPERIZE.
1863 W. B. Jerrotp Signals of Distress 303 The boys in
this union will never be depauperized ; they have to mix
with the men, most of whom are gaol-birds. 1883 19// Cent.
May The neglected children..must be depauperised
before they can received into good and respectable
homes.
+ Depe,?. Ovs. [OE. (Anglian) défan = OF ris.
dépa, OS. déipian (MDu. dépen, Du. doopen, LG.
dopen, whence Sc. dépa, Da. dobe), OHG. toufen,
touffan (:—toufjan, MHG. toufen, toufen, Ger.
taufen), Goth. daupjan, ‘to baptize’; in MHG.,
MDnu. (and Goth. z/idaupjan) with the wider sense
‘to immerse, to dip’; OTeut. *dawfjan causal of
*deupan, daup, dupan- to be deep, *derfoz, Goth.
diups, deep. But in ME. this verb ran together
with the cognate defe, Deep, OE. d/epan, dypan,
to make deep, to submerge. ]
1. To immerse as a religious rite, to baptize.
c960 Rushw. Gosp. Matt. iii. 11 Ic eowic depu ved dyppe
weettre. /did. 13 paette he were depid. /did. 14 Ic sceal
fram pe beon ved wesa deped ved fullwihted. c 1315 Suore-
HAM 11 Olepi me mot hym depe ine the water. 1340 A yend.
x07 Vor depe and cristni is al on. :
. To immerse, submerge, plunge deeply, dip.
See also DEEP v. 4.
c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxvi. 23 Se Se deped mec mid
hond in disc. 1340 Ayend, 83 Efterward he depp ine blod.
1395 Purvey Remonstr. (1851) 69 Othere bisshopis that ben
not so depid in errour. 1565 I’. StapLeton Forty. Faith 34
Protestants are now a days so deped in darcknes. [a 1608
Sir F. Vere Comment. (1657) 34 The measure and time ..
which they were to observe in the deeping of their oares. ]
Depe, obs. form of DEEP a. and v.
+ Depea‘ch, s?. Ovs. Also 6 depesche,
depech, peache, 6-7 -peche. [a. F. dééche, in
OF. despeche, -esche (1495 in Godef.), f. dépécher :
see next.] Dispatch: a. of messengers, messages ;
b. of business. ¢. A message or messengers sent off.
@. 1528 Garpiner in Pocock Rec. Ref 1. 1. 116 We
differred the depech of this post. 1547 Privy Council Acts
(1890) II, 83 At their late depeache over the sees. 1577-87
Howtnsuep Chron. II. 918/1 Hauing his depeach, he tooke
his leaue of the king at Richmond about noone. 1624 Brief
Inform, Affairs Palatinate 34 The depeach and the instruc-
tion of the said Embassade.
b. 1568 Nortu Guevara's Diall Pr.w. 158 b, Shee onely
did confirme al the prouisions & depeches of the affaires
of the weale publike. @1563 CavenpisH Wolsey (1893)
190 Resort to hyme for the depeche of the noblemens and
others patents.
@. 1552 in Strype Eccl. Mem. 11. 1. xi. 337 We send this
De o not by thorow Post from hence. 1568 Dk. Surro.k
in H. Campbell Love Lett. Mary Q. Scots App. (1824) 28
Till. .they heard from the Quene thelr mistress by their next
depeche.
+Depea‘ch, v. Os. Forms: 5 depesshe, 6
-peche, -peech, -peache, 6-7 -pesche, -peach ;
also DESPECHE q.v. [a. F. dépécher, in OF. ae-,
des-, peechier, -pechier, -peeschier, -peschier, etc.
(1225 in Godef.), repr. alate L. type dzs-(or de-ex-)
pedicére, with the same radical as Impeacu, F.
empicher, L, tmpedicare.
The OF. forms of dépécher are entirely parallel to those of
empéicher, OF. empeechier, which goes back through the re-
corded early OF. emfedecer, Pr. empedegar, to L. impedi-
care to catch, entangle (f. gedica fetter, snare for the feet’,
used in late L. and Romanic for L. ivepedire (Du Cange).
Parallel to this is *(de-expedicire, for L. expedire, to free
the feet, disengage, send away, dispatch. But though Dis-
PATCH (q.v.) is synonymous, it is not etymologically con-
nected with depécher, depeach. .
(In 16-17th c. the form depeche, -peach, was mostly English,
depesche (rime flesche) Scotch.)] F
trans. To send away, get rid of, dispose of,
finish off expeditiously ; to dispatch.
1474 Caxton Chesse (1860) A ij, I dyde doo sette in en-
prynte a certeyn nombre of theym, whiche anone were
depesshed and solde. 1523 St. Papers Hen. VIII, lV. 12,
1. .haue this daye by noone depeched hym with other letters.
1527 in Strype Ecc/. Mem. I. App. xiv. 32 She said that our
demand was reasonable and that we shold reasort unto the
Chancellor therfore who shold depeache it out off hand.
1540-1 Exyor /mage Gov. (1549) 160 He depeached those
deponentes for that time. 1 Lauper Jractate 290 All
sic 3e suld frome 30w depesche. 1566 Painter Pad. Pleas,
1. 36 The Senators depeached ambassadours to the King
commaunding them to say nothing of Simocharis. _@ 1651
Catperwoop Hist. Kirk (1842-6) I11. 706 That the French
Ambassador..may be depesched. 1655 DicGes Com:fd.
Ambass. 301 This I do depeach, without knowledge of the
Queens Majestic.
b. reff. To rid or disembarrass oneself of (any
one), Also, to make haste, to use dispatch.
1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 53 Depesshe the, or by the god on
whome I byleue, I shalle smyte the there as thou lyest. 1513
Dovctas 4neis 1. v. 28 Comment. Wks. 1874 Il. 289 For
his sone Glaucus followit Paris, he depechit him of him.
207
Hence + Depea*ching 74/. sb.
rsgo-1 Eryor /mag. Gov. (1549) 56 Where one man hath
the depeachyng of many matters. 1552 Hutort, Depeach-
yng, absolutio. 2
[Depectible, mispr. for DEPERTIBLE, in Johnson,
copied by subseq. Dicts: see L2s¢ of Sperious Was.]
+Depe‘culate, v. Ols. [f. ppl. stem of L.
depeculart to despoil, pillage, plunder, f. Dr- 1. 1
+ peculart to embezzle, peculate.] “vans. ‘To
plunder by peculation ; said of public officials.
a164t Br. Mountacu Acts & Alon. (1642) 319 He..left
Syria in his short Lieutenancy miserably exhausted and
depeculated. 1648 C. WALKER //ist, [ndepend. 1. 155 ‘The
Prator of Sardinia being sentenced for depeculating and
Robbing that Province. :
+ Depecula‘tion. 02s. [n. of action f. prec. :
see -ATION.] Plunder by peculation (esf. by an
official).
1623 CockeraM, Defecudation, robbing of the common-
wealth, 265 Hoses Leviath, u. xxvii, 160 Robbery and
Depeculation of the Publique treasure, or Revenues. 1656
in BLount Glossog7. :
Depeditate, v. nonce-wa. [f. L. pes, pedis
foot, after decapitate.] trans. To deprive of one’s
feet (or the use of them).
1808 Satirist in Spir. Publ. Fruls, (1809) X11. 328 Almost
depeditated by the amicable contest with ‘Vhrale, in which
we overleaped a Roman sellula.
So Depeditation. [after decapitation.] Ampu-
tation of a foot.
@ 1773 JOHNSON in Tour Hebrides 29 Aug., Dr. Johnson..
said, ‘ George will rejoice at the depeditation of Foote’; and
when I challenged that word, laughed, and owned he had
made it.
+ Depei‘nct, depinct, v. [Intermediate forms
between Deparnt, depernt, and Depicr: cf. OF.
depeinct, var. dépeint, and It. depinto.] = Dericr,
1579 SPENSER Sheph. Cal. Apr. 69 The Redde rose medled
with the White yfere, In either cheeke depeincten liuely
chere. 1590 — /. Q. 11. xi. 7 ‘The winged boy in colours
cleare Depeincted was. 1690 Lrypourn Cvs. Math. 356
Upon the Celestial Globe is depincted the several Constella-
tions of the fixed Stars.
Depeint, obs. form of DEPAINT v,
Depeinten, pseudo-arch. f. depaznted, pa. pple.
of DEPAINT.
+Depe'l, depell, v. ds.
to drive out, cast down, f. Dr-I.1, 2 + pelicre to
drive.] trans. To drive away, dispel, expel.
1533 CoverpaLe 7veat, Lord's Supper Wks. 1844 1. 449
Who ought to be admitted, and who to be depelled. 1568 EF.
Tytney lower of Friendship, Allevill suspicions depelled,
angers avoided. 1664 Power Exf. Philos. 1. 114 Water by
its weight onely, and no innate Elatery, did depel the
Succumbent Quicksilver in the ‘lube. 1788 77i//er No. 24.
324 The application .. will infallibly depell all his ills.
Hence Depe‘lling 7v//. sd.; also Depe‘ller, one
who or that which drives away; a dispeller.
1597 MippLteton Wisd. Solomon Par, vi. Hija, The
very thought of her is mischiefes barre, Depeller of misdeeds.
1657 ‘Tomiinson Renon's Disp. 51 To the depelling of our
distempers.
+ Depe'ncil, v. O%s. Also 7 depensil. [f.
De- + Pencin v.: cf. depict, describe.) trans. To
inscribe with a pencil or brush ; also fg. to depict.
163 WEEVER Anc. Fun. Mon. 137 Vpon the forefront or
some other places within these Abbeyes, this sentence is
most commonly depensild, grauen, or painted. 1658 J.
Cotes Cleopatra, 7th Pt. 39 If mine [my astonishment] was
easie to be observed in my countenance, Adallas’s was no
lesse depencilled out in his. 1708 E. Harron New View
Lond. Il. 496/1 But the Decalogue, etc. are not there de-
pencil’d. 1766 Entick London IV. 287 The names .. are
depencilled in gold letters.
Depend (dipe'nd), v.! [a. OF. depend-re (12th
c. in Hatzf.), f. De- I. 1 + pendre to hang, after L.
dépendére, f. De- I. 1 + pendére (intr.) to hang.
(The F. pendre in form represents L. pendére
trans., to hang, suspend.)]
1. intr. To hang down, be suspended.
chiefly in literary use.)
exsro Barctay Mirr, Gd. Manners (1570) Aij, An olde
man..with bearde like bristles depending on his chin. 1579
Spenser Sheph. Cal. Jan. 42 As on your boughes the ysicles
depend. 2695 Brackmore Pr. Arth, 1x. 373 Whence a deep
Fring depends of Silk and Gold. r71x Pore 7'emp, Fame
328
[ad. L. dépell-cre
(Now
144 And ever-living be 4 depend in rows. 1753 Hocarty
Anal. Beauty xi. The drapery. .that depends from his
shoulders. 1784 Cowrer Yash 11, 450 With handkerchief
in hand depending low. 1880 Jerreries Gt. Estate 146 The
branches of the damsons depended so low.
b. trans: To hang down. rare.
1793 Soutnry Lef??. (1856) I. 15 The mountain-ash..De-
pends its branches to the stream below.
2. intr. fig. To hang upon or from, as a result
or consequence is contingently attached to its
condition or cause; to be contingent on or con-
ditioned by. Const. 0, wpon (formerly of, rarely
Srom, to,in). Also aédsol. (elliptically) in colloquial
use in ‘hat depends, i.e. on circumstances, or on
some circumstance not expressed.
1413 Lyne. Pilgr. Sozwle v, xiv. (1483) 108 The werk that
he werketh dependeth of fortune and not of — 1509
Hawes Past. Pleas. xvi. xiv, The vii. Scyences.. che upon
other do full well depende. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W.
1531) 164 b, For in the loue of God & of our ing ramet
dependeth all y° lawe & prophecyes, 1547-64 BauLpwin
DEPEND.
Mor. Philos, (Palfr.) m. ii, If rulers be negligent, & looke
not to small things whereunto greater doe depend. 1632
J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 153 Hee waited onely to
receive her commands, whereon depended both his stay
and departure. @1645 Featty in /udler’'s Abel Redizv.,
Reinolds 1, 482 Howsoever the spirituall power be more
excellent and noble than the temporall, yet they both are
from God, and neither dependeth of the other. 1730 A.
Gorpon Maffei's Amphith, 2 From a right understanding
of this, depends the Knowledge of many Places in both
sacred and profane Writers. 1754 Suertock Disc. (1759) 1.
iv. 141 ‘This is a Matter depending on the Evidence of
History. 1763 C. Jounston Aeverie I. 236 Forming a reso-
lution on his steadiness, in which depends the crisis of his
fate, 1847 Firzcerarp Lett. (1889) I. 181, 1 may then
go to Naseby for three days: but this depends. 1848
Macautay //ist. Eng, IL. 252 Whether the bond should be
enforced or not would depend on his subsequent conduct.
1869 J. Martineau “ss. II. 46 ‘Vhe psychological laws on
which moral phenomena depend, 1886 J. R. Rees Pleas.
Bk,-Worm i. 33 The value of a book be it intrinsic or
adventitious. .does not depend on its size.
+b. Formerly sometimes meaning little more
than: ‘To hang together with, to be connected
with, to pertain or be pertinent to. Ods.
1525 Lp. Berners /ro7ss. IL. ccii. [cxeviii.] 623 Vhat..ye
may write it in your Cronicle, with many other hystorics
that depende tothe same mater. 1581 SipNey A fol. Povtria
(Arb.) 21 The... beautie depended most of Poetrie. 1601
Hotrann /’diny IL. 293 And therefore this my present dis-
course. .howsoeuer it is in nature different, yet it dependeth
of the other,
+e. ‘To follow or flow from, result from. Ods.
1655 Cucrerrer Riverius x. vi. 295 A Dysentery .. with
pain and torment depending upon the ulceration of the
Intestines.
3. With 07, wfon (+ of, etc.: see 2): To be con-
nected with in a relation of subordination; to belong
to as something subordinate ; to be a dependant of.
e1g00 Aelusine 333 Partenay, Merment, Vouant & al
theire appurtenaunces .. with the Castel Eglon with al that
therof dependeth. 1578 Banister //ist. J/an 1. 19 ‘Whose
[Vertebres] that are appertinent, or depend upon Os Sacrum.
1639 GentiLis Servta’s Juguis. (1676) 840 ‘The Office of the
Inquisition within these Dominions, doth not depend from
the Court of Rome. @1661 Futter HM orthies (1840) I. 419
Hereupona story depends. 1710 WuitwortH <lcc. of Russia
(1758) 48 ‘They have no more freehold left, and their peasants
or subjects, now immediately depend upon the Czar’s officers,
1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) V. 11 An estate tail, and all the
remainders over, and the reversion depending on it.
+b. absol. ‘To be dependent ; to have or take a
position of dependence. Obs. rare.
1673 Ess. Educ. Gentlewom, 26 Maids thagcannot subsist
without depending, as Servants, may chuse their places.
4. To rest entirely ov, 2fon (+ 0f) for mainten-
ance, support, supply, or what is needed ; to have
to rely wfon; to be a burden zfox, to be sustained
by; to be dependent ov.
1548 Hatt Chron. 151 b, The whole waight and burden of
the realme, rested and depended upon him, 1632 J. Hay-
warp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 151 The house not being any
whit fortified, but depending altogether on the fortune of
the walls below. 1691 ‘IT. H{aLe] Acc. New /nvent.131 The
effect of depending upon forraign Countries for Hemps.
1802 Mar. Epcewortu Moral 7, (1816) I. 202 A father and
mother .. who depended on me for their support. 1832 Hr.
Martineau Life in Wilds viii. 103 Well directed labour is
all we have had to depend on, 1865 Trottorre Belton Est.
xxii, 257 Clara must..depend entirely on the generosity of
some one till she was married.
5. To rely in mind, count, or reckon confidently
on, upon (+ of, etc.). (Now chiefly in colloq. phr.
depend upon it, used parenthetically. )
1500-20 Dunsar Poens |xxxi, 107 And on the prince de-
pend with heuinely feir. 1563 Homilies 1. Faith un. (1859)
40 Depending (or hanging) only of the help and trust that
they had in God. 1638 Sir ‘I’. Hersert 77av. (ed. 2) 275
‘The superstitious, who depended upon some supernaturall
helps, 1693 Mem. Ct. Teckely wv. 60 If so be they had
heen defeated, one might have depended upon seeing the
Affairs of the Ottaman Empire restored. 1738 Swirr Pod.
Conversat. 53 Faith Miss, depend upon it, I’ll give you as
good as you toes 1745 Eviza Heywoop Fem. Spect. (1748)
319 It may be depended on that. .we shall advertise. 1748
F. Situ Voy. Disc. N.-W. Pass. 1. 30 If they can eat Seal,
there is such a Plenty of them, .that they may depend upon
Food be their Voyage ever so long. 1855 Macautay //ist.
Eng. U1. 496 He could no longer depend on the protection
of his master. 1885 G. ALLEN Bady/on vy, Depend upon it,
Churchill, over-education’s a great error.
b, ellipt. with following clause: To be sure or
confident; =‘ to depend upon it’ (see 5). collog.
bg AscILt Argument 95, 1..do as much depend that
1 shall not go hence by returning to the Dust. 1747 FRANKLIN
Plain Truth Wks. 1887 11. 49 No man can with certainty
depend that another will stand by him. 1789 7riumphs of
Fortitude 11. 150 Depend, it will not be ill conducted by one
of such skill. 179r Mrs. IncuBatp Siszp, Story II. x. 187
From the constancy of his disposition, she depended much,
that sentiments like these were not totally eradicated. 187
ji C. Morison Grbdon 128 We may depend that a swift
light would have shrivelled his labours.
+6. To wait in suspense or expectation 072, wfon.
(Cf. to hang upon any one’s lips.) Obs.
c 1430 Lypa. Bochas vi. i. (1554) 178 a, The heartes of men,
depending in a traunce. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems 1xxi. 38
Ott § gyd and gouirnance we ar all solitair, Dependand ay
vpoun thy stait and grace. 1612 Proc. Virginia 41 in Capi.
Smith's Wks. (Arb.) 385 Captaine Bartholomew Gosnoll..at
last prevailed with some Gentlemen. . who depended a yeare
vpon his proiects, but nothing could be effected. “1697 _
Dryven Virg. dineid 4 (T.) The hearer on the speaker's
mouth depends. 1 STEELE Lying Lover u. i. 20 Have
not I, Madam, two long Years. .depended on your Smiles?
DEPEND.
7. To be in suspense or undetermined, be waiting
for settlement (as an action at law, a bill in parlia-
ment, an appointment, etc.), (Usually in pres.
pple. = pending: see also Derenpine J//. a. 5.)
¢ 1430 Lyne. Story of Thebes ut. (R.), The fatall chance
Of life and death dependeth in balance. 1532-3 Act 24
Hen, VII, c. 12 $8 Euery matter, cause, and contention
nowe dependynge..before any of the sayde archebishops.
e1575 Leg. Bp. St. Androis 131 (Satir. Poems Reform.)
Becaus St. Androis then dependit, ‘To heich promotione he
pretendit. 1632 Star Cham. Cases (Camden) 123 The same
demurrer hath been on both sides often aoguel, and now
depends readie for the Judgement of x Court. 1765 T.
Horcuinson //ist. Mass. 1. 185 Whilst these disputes. .were
depending, the.. Indians made attacks. a1859 Macautay
Hist, Eng.V. 480 Bills of supply were still depending.
Law Reports 11 Q. Bench Div. 559 The resolution was fil
in the court in which the bankruptcy was depending.
+ 8. To be ready or preparing to come on; to
impend, to be imminent. QOdés.
1712 Swirt City Shower 3 While rain depends, the pensive
cat gives o'er Her frolicks. 1719 DE Fox crxass 1. xil. (1858)
184, [had not the least notion of any such thing depending,
or the least supposition of it being possible.
+9. Tohavea leaning. (Cf. penchant.) Obs. rare.
1586 Let. Earle Leycester 15 \t might then be suspected,
in respect of the disposition of such as depend that way.
+ Depend, v.2 rare. [ad. L. dpendére to pay
down or away, spend, expend, f. De- J. 1, 2+
pendere to weigh, pay. Cf. DisPENp.] trans. To
expend, spend.
1607 Barley-Breake (1877) 12 To whom Dame Nature lent
so rich a port, That all her glory on her wasedepended.
Dependable (dipendab’l), a. Also -ible.
[f. Depenn v. + -ABLE.] That may be depended
on; trustworthy, reliable.
1735 Pore Let. to Gay xxi. Wks. (1737) VI, 186 That desire
was, to fix and preserve a few lasting, dependable friendships.
1840 Herscuet “ss. (1857) 92 Calculations, with more
dependable data, 1842 Murray's Handbk. N. Italy gt Le
Juattro Nazioni, good and reasonable, and kept by very
ependable people. 1864 Sir F, Parcrave Norm. & Eng.
IV. 642 Flambard was thoroughly dependable. 30YD
Carpenter Permanent Elem. Relig. Introd. 30 We have
dependable material on which to base our study.
I[ence Depe‘ndableness ; Depe'ndably ai/v.
1860 Pusey Min. Profh. 554 Alexander saw and impressed
upon his successors the dependibleness of the Jewish people.
1862 Mrs. Cartyte “ett. II]. 111 The accounts I get of
Mr. C. from himself, and (still more dependably) from my
housemaid.
of his charact
ableness.
Dependant, -dent (d/pendént), sd. [a. F.
dépenidant adj. and sb., properly pr. pple. of dé-
pendre to Depend, From the 18th c. often (like
stics was exceeding punctuality and depend-
the adj.) spelt dependent, after L. (both forms being |
entered by Johnson); but the spelling -av? still
predominates in the sb. : cf. defendant, assistant.
1755 Jounson Pref to Dict., Some words, such as de-
pendant, dependent; dependance, dependence, vary their
final syllable, as one or another language is present to the
writer.]
+1. Something subordinately attached or belong-
ing to something else; a subordinate part, appur-
tenance, dependency. Oés.
1523 Lp. Berners /vo/ss. 1. clxxvii. (R.), The Frenchemen
..demaunded..to haue the sygnorie of Guysnes..and all
the landes of Froyten, and the dependantes of Guysnes vnto
the lymyttes of the water of Grauelyng. 1548 Hatt Chron.
98 With all incidentes, circumstaunces, dependentes, or
connexes, 1643 Prynne Treachery of Papists 1. 32(R.) The
parliament. .repealed this parliament of a1 R. II. with all
+ its circumstances and dependents. 1716 Lond. Gas, No.
5425/9 The Lease for the, .Ci Works. with its Depend-
ants, 1721 Brap.ey I/ks. Nature 32 Monsieur de Reaumur
.. discover'd certain Parts which might reasonably be
esteem'd Dependants of Flowers. 1837 F. Coorer Kecoll.
+ Europe \. 174 [Versailles] was a mere dependant of the
crown.
2. A person who depends on another for support,
position, etc. ; a retainer, attendant, subordinate,
servant.
1588 Suaxs. Z. ZL. L. ut. i. 134 The best ward of mine
honours is rewarding my dependants. 1632 Lirucow 7rav,
1. 38, Id ded our dependant, what was to pay? 1647
Crarenvon //ist, Reb. 1. (1843) 5/1 Almost all of his own
numerous family and dependants, 1750 Jounson Rambler
No. 28 P 8 An error almost universal among those that con-
verse much with dependents. 1 Ibid. No. 190 7
Convinced that a dependant couM not easily be made a
friend. 1786 Burke W’. Hastings Wks. 1842 11. 105 Her
female dependants, friends, and servants. 1830 D'Israe.i
1874 Miss Mutock Aly Mother & J xi, One
208
2. The relation of having existence hanging
upon, or conditioned by, the existence of some-
= else ; the fact of depending «fon something
else.
1605 VerstecAn Dec. Jntell. ii. (1628) 27 Words. .that seeme
to haue deper on the Latin. 1613 J. SarkeLp 77eat.
Angels 5 Without b ing or depend of any other
cause. 1646 Sin T. Browne /’sexd. “A. 1. xi. 45 There was no
naturall dependance of the event upon the
Ox/fordsh, 196, 1 dare not sw t was any dependence
between the medicin and disease. 1754 Epwarps Freed.
Vill 1. iv. 23 The Dependence and nection between
Acts of Volition or Choice, and their Causes. 1860 TynDaLL
Glac. 1. xxvii. 199 The chain of dependence which runs
throughout creation. 1864 Bowen Logic x. 348 That which
comes next it in the order of dependence.
+b. Connexion of successively dependent parts ;
logical sequence. Ods. (or merged in ampaty
@ 1535 More Is, 611 (R.) Hys woordes. . be so dark and
so intriked of purpose withoute any dependence or order.
1638 Sir ‘I. Hersert 77av. (ed. 2) 236 The Father next,
and as they are in blood the other follow in a just depend-
ance; the rest promiscuously. 1681-6 J. Scorr Chr. Life
(1747) ILL. 252 The Discourse..from Verse to Verse runs all
along in a close and continued Dependance.
+e. In wider sense: Relation, connexion (cf.
DEPEND 2b). Obs.
@ 1633 Austin Medit. (1635) 226 As their [St. Philip and
St. Bartholomew] being of that Society of the Twelve
hindred them not from being of the great Societie the
Church; so their other Dependances, as being of the Church,
or being of the seventy, or being married men .. hindred
them not from being of the Twelve.
3. The relation of anything subordinate to that
from which it holds, or derives support, etc.; the
condition of a dependant; subjection, subordina-
tion, (Opp. to zadependence.)
1614 Raceicu //ist, World 11. 72 Those two great Cities,
Athens and Sparta, upon which all the rest had most
dependance. 1660 R. Coke Power & Subj. 147 How far the
Britanick Churches were from any dependence upon the
Church of Rome. 1699 Benttey Pha/. 488 A dependance
upon the most Brutal of Tyrants. 1751 Jounson Rambler
No. ror P 4, I lived in all the luxury of affluence without
expence or dependence. 1765 Biackstone Comm. Introd.
§ 4. 101 Dependence being very little else, but an obligation to
conform to the will or law of that superior person or state,
upon which the inferior depends. 1874 Green Short //ist.
viii. § 2. 469 To free the Crown from its dependence on the
Parliament. 1886 Stevenson Aidnaffed xviii. 172 The
other four were equally in the Duke's dependance.
+ 4. concr. That which is subordinate to, con-
nected with, or belonging to, something else ; an
appurtenance, connexion, dependency. Odés.
1540 Act 32 Hen. 1/1/, c. 25 To committe the state of his
said mariage, with all the circumstances and dependaunce
thereof vnto the prelates. 1582 Savite Zacitus’ Hist. 1.
xiii. (1591) 122 As though eight Legions were to be the de-
pendance of one nauy. 1601 Houtanp /’/iny 1. 127 The
great riuer Indus .. issueth out of a part or dependance of
the hill Caucasus, 1 Hist. in Ann, Reg. 54 Coblentz,
a dependence of the electorate of Mentz.
+b. A body of dependants or subordinates ; a
retinue. (Usually -asce.) Obs.
1606 Forp //onor Tri. 10 Deseruing to be beloued; of
whome ? Of popular opinion or unstable vulgar dependances?
1631 Weever Anc. un, Mon. 273 He feasted. .two kings,
two Queenes, with their dependances, 700, messe of meate
scarce seruing for the first dinner. 1638 Raw.ey tr. Bacon's
Life & Death (1650) 19 Anumerous Family, a great Retinue,
and Dependance, 1692 Sourn Serm. (1697) 1. 33 Encumbred
with Dependances, throng’d and parmecided with Peti-
toners, F F “ F
5. The condition of resting in faith or expectation
(upon something); reliance; assured confidence
or trust.
1627 SANDERSON 12 Sermt. (1632) 530 Faithful dependance
vpon the providence .. of God. 1754 /ist, Yung. Lady
Distinction 1. 10 Thoroughly sensible what little de-
pendence I ought to make on my own ey go 1763 Exiz.
Carter Mem. etc. (1816) 1. 295 The waters, I shall continue
drinking, without much dependance of getting better. 1801
Gasriettt Myst. usb. 11. 205 There was no dependance
to be placed in the word of a woman ee eee 1841 Lane
Arab, Nts. 1, 68 It is the only branch of divination worthy
of dependance. 1875 Jowett //ato (ed, 2) V. 19 Living ..
in dependence on the will of God. ~
b. ¢ransf. ‘That on which one relies or may rely;
object of reliance or trust ; resource. ? Ods.
1754 Rictarpson Grandison IV. v. 44 Your meg ap een
iety, are 4 just dependence. 1803 WELLINGTON in n
esp. 784 The seamen from the East India fleet were the
yer ipal dependence for ing the navy. 1827
J. F. Coorer Prairie IL. iv. 59 Take the Lord for your de-
signe. 1677 PLor
Chas, I, 111. v. 76 Such a personage as Laud is d d to
have de Boag and not iends. Macautay //ist.
Eng. 1V. 55 Other people could ghee or their dependants,
Froupe //ist. Eng. UL. xiii, 118 The gentry were sur-
rounded by dependents. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) 1. 309
A poor dependant of the family.
Dependence (</pendéns). Forms: 6 -aunce,
6-9 ar 7- -ence. [a. F. dépendance (15th c.
in Littré, in 14th c, despendence, Oresme), f. depen-
dant ; see prec. and -ANcE. Like DEPENDENT a.,
subseq. assimilated to the L. type, the form in
-ance being rare after 1800.]
+1. The action of hanging down; concr. some-
thing that down. Obs. rare.
af Dryven Virg, Georg. 1v. 806 Like a large Cluster of
preg — they show, And make a large dependance from
t gh.
.
+c. Reliableness, trustworthiness. Ods, rare.
1752 Hume Ess. & 7'reat. (1777) 1. 22 So little dependance
har ithis affair. A Bbw Ww omBE Devil on Two Sticks
(1817) VI. 44 The philosophy of poets .. is not of very
sterling dependence. eC
6. The condition of waiting for settlement ;
pending, suspense. (Now only in legal use.)
1605 Burgh Kec. Aberdeen 4 Dec. o-~ Suppl.), That anes
the actioune may be put under dependance befoir onie
parliament, 1679-1714 Burner Hist. Ref, After a lon
lependance it might end as the ad done. 181
Suecrey Let. in Dowden Life Il, 8 Engagements con-
a soiee - di Re - of the me <f 5 1861
: Bett Dict, Law Scot., Depending Ac an action is
held to be in depend from the mi it of the "
until the final decision of the House of Lords, Act
37-8 Vict. c. 94 § 68 Nothing herein ined affect
any action now in dependence.
| drowned in this conceit.
ae) a)
DEPENDENT.
4b. A quarrel or affair of honour ‘depending’
or awaiting settlement. Ods.
1598 B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. 1. v, The bastinado!
a most , and sufficient warranted by the
za. 1616 —- Devil an Ass ww. vij, H’ is friend to
im, with whom I ha’ the dependance. 1820 Scorr Monast.
xxi, Let us pause for the space of one venue, until I give you
my opinion on this depend {Note. Dependence,a
among the brethren of the sword for an existing quarrel.)
(d?pe‘ndénsi}, Also 6-7 -encie ;
6 -ancye, 7 -ancie, 7-9 -ancy. [f. as prec.: see
-ANCY, -ENCY.]
1. The condition of being dependent ; the relation
of a thing to that by which it is conditioned ; con-
tingent logical or causal connexion; = prec. 2.
1597 Hooker Eccl. Fol. v. (1632) 376 That dependencie
order, whereby the lower poe alwayes the more
excellent [etc.]. 1603 SHaxs. Meas. for M. v. i. 62 Such ade-
pendancy of thing, on thing, As ere I heard in madnesse.
1647 Spricce Anglia Rediv. 1. vii. (1854) 286 All threaded
upon one string of de; ncy. 1748 Hartvey Odserv. Man
1. iii. aye Tee of Evi makes the Iting
Probability weak. 1864 Bowen Logic viii. 245 In this Un-
figured Syllogism..the d dency of Extension and
1 sion does not subsi
2. The relation of a thing (or person) to that
by which it is supported+ state of subjection or
subordination ; = prec. 3.
1594 Hooxer Ecc?. Pol.1.x.(1611)26 Hauing no such depen-
dency upon any one. 1634 W. Tirwnyr tr. Balzac's Lett. 251,
I have no servile dependancy upon their conceptions. 1724
Swirt Drapier’s Lett. Wks. 1755 V. u. 64 Ready to shake
off the dependency of Ireland upon the crown of England.
1848 C, Bronte ¥ Lyre xiv. (1873) 133 That you care
whether or not a dependent is comfortable in his d ency.
1856 Froupe //ist. Eng.(1858) 11. x. 456 They found England
in dependency upon a foreign power; they left it a free
nation.
+3. Reliance; =prec. 5. Ods. rare.
ax600 Hooxer (J.), Their dependancies on him were
1627-77 Fevtuam Resolves 1. Ix.
98 As if God. .would lead us to a dependency on Him.
4. Something dependent or subordinate; a sub-
ordinate part; an appurtenance. &. gen.
1611 Sreep //ist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xxi. (1632) 1004 Many de-
pendancies of Story had their euents in the Acts of this man.
1690 Locke Hum. Und. u. xii. § 4 Modes I call such com-
plex ideas, which .. are idered dependancies on, or
affections of substances, sma Sassieee Div. Legat. I.
4 The Knowledge of human Nature and its De lencies.
1852 S. R. Martiann Ess. Various Subj. 155 A thorough
sifting of this subject, and its dependencies.
+ b. A body of dependants; a household estab-
lishment. Ods.
1615 G. Sanpys Trav. 61 This mans Serraglio. «answerable
to his small dependancie. 1670 G. H. Hist, Cardinais u.
1. 112 The Dependencies and Relati of the Popes and
Cardinals, do not suffer the Prelats to act according to
the Dictates of Equity. = wit Contests of Nobles § Com.,
Men, who have acquired large p and q ly
dependancies, E
c. A dependent or subordinate place or territory;
esp. a country or province subject to the control of
another of which it does not form an integral part.
1684 Scanderbeg Rediv. iii. 49 The Kingdom of Poland
and great Dutchy of Lyfland, together with all their
Dependencies. '. Burner 7h. Zarth (J.), This
earth, and its de 1848 Macautay //ist, Eng. 1,
342 This is that Sheffield which now, with its dependencies,
contains a hundred and twenty thousand souls. 1864 R. A.
Arnotp Cotton Fam, 464 There is a wide difference between
a dependency and a y. The, cop SE ee
other in absolute fee-simp!
d. An appurtenance (to a dwelling-house, etc.).
1822 W. jer poe Hail ii. 12 To visit the stables,
dog-kennel other dependencies, D
+5. A quarrel ‘ ree or awaiting settle-
ment; =prec. 6b. Obs.
a 162g Fiercner Lider Bro. v.
dencies, That poundi "tween
, by
i M Maid
Pi oe to Sopesdctes tok op A kn
+ b. gen. An affair pending or awaiting settle-
gop W. Taxon in Robberds Mem, 11,2791
Pp be Taytor in b ann 079 Ta consequence
si in liquidating.
+ (d?pendént), a. Also 5-6 -aunt,
6-9 -ant. [Originally dependant, a. F. dépendant
a c. in
9°,
lencies.
i, The masters of -
di
atzf.), pr. pple. of to han
own, depend: from the 16th c. often assimilat
to L. dépendént-em, and now usually so spelt, the
form in -ant being almost obs. in the adj., though
retained in the sb., q.v.]
a Hanging down, ent.
¢ 1420 Pallad on Husb, 1. 1060 So thai be wombed wel,
dependannt, syde, That likely is for greet and mighty stoore.
r Barciay Cyt. 4 f geen pe (Percy Soe.) p. lxxii,
With glistering side dependaunt heard.
Greene Maidens xxviii, Mourning locks
pee 1796 pope figs Geog 1. 378 by regular rock,-from
ent many excrescences.
i880 Cs & FDanwx ‘Movem. 2.128 [1 even] partially
t
2. That depends oz something else ; having its
existence eaatingest on, or conditioned by, the
existence of something Sa
OOKER Pr . Vili. (16 On these two
general figeade «- all otber epecial i es ae ee 1623
DEPENDENTIAL.
Cockeram, Defendant, which hangeth vpon another thing.
1664 Power £xf. Philos. 1. 192 Effects dependent on the
same..Causes. 1 Norris 7veat. Humility iii. 77 A crea-
ture is a dependent being, that is, it is essential to a creature
to depend upon the author of its being. 1850 MeCosn Div,
Govt. 1. i. (1874) 11 Animal life, again, is dependent on
vegetable life, and vegetable life is dependent on the soil
and atmosphere. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) I. 265 All
things in nature are dependent on one another.
+b. Annexed, appertaining. Ods.
1574 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 62b, The reversion that is de-
ndaunt unto the same franketenement is severed from the
jointure. :
8. That depends or has to rely o7 something else
for support, supply, or what is needed.
a@ 1643 W. Cartwricut Commend. Verses in. Fletcher's
Wks., Whose wretched genius, and dependent fires But to
their benefactors’ dole aspires. 1742 Youn N+. 7h. iii. 448
Life makes the soul dependent on the dust. 1791 Mrs.
Rapciirre Rom. Forest ii, She found herself wholly depen-
dent upon strangers. 1865 TRotLore Belton Est. xxvii. 332
It was her destiny to be dependent on charity. 1874 Green
Short Hist. ii. § 6. 93 The vast estates..were granted out to
new men dependent on royal favour.
4. Attached in a relation of subordination ; sub-
ordinate, subject ; opp. to zzdependent.
1616 Brent tr. Sarpi’s Counc. Trent (1676) 574 One
Bishop instituted by Christ, and the others not to have any
authority but dependant from him. 1624 Fisner in F. White
Repl. Fisher 337 Mediators subordinate vnto, and dependent
of Christ. 1654 tr, Scudery’s Curia Polit. 93 Soveraignes
are not subordinate and dependant to them [the Law
1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 364 The Assembly meet here,
which is in the nature of a p panes Parliament. 1829 I.
‘Taytor Exthus. vii. 178 The temper of mind which is proper
to a dependant and subordinate agent. 1863 Bricur S/.
Amer. 26 Mar., They ceased to be dependent colonies of
England.
b. Math. Dependent variable: one whose varia-
tion depends on that of another variable (the 77/e-
pendent variable).
1832 Topnunter Diff. Calc. i, A dependent variable is a
quantity the value of which is determined as soon as that
of some independent variable is known.
+5. Impending. Obs. rare.
1606 Suaks. 77. § Cr. u. iii. 21 That me thinkes is the
curse dependant on those that warre for a placket.
+ Depende‘ntial, 2. Os. [f. med.L. aipen-
déntia dependence + -AL: cf. confidential.) Relating
to, or of the nature of, dependence.
1646 S. Botton Arraigum. Err. 14 God doth it to exercise
a dependentiall faith upon God.
Dependently (d/pendéntli), adv. [f. Depry-
DENT @. + -LY2.] In a dependent manner; in a
way depending oz something.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud, Ep. t.xxv. 178 These. .act but
dependantly on their formes. 1677 Hate Prin. Orig. Man,
1. lii. 73 Whether there be an utter impossibility of any
material Being to be either independently or dependently
eternal. 1793 Beartiz Morad Sc. 1. i. § 3 (R.) If we affirm
.. relatively, conditionally, or dependently on something
else, it is the subjunctive.
Depender (d/pendo1). Also 6-7 Sc.-ar. [f.
DepenD v.! +-rR !.]
+1. A dependant. Chiefly Sc. Ods.
¢ 1865 Linpesay (Pitscottie) Cis 0”. Scot. (1728) 8 Through
the vain flattery of his dependers. 1577-95 Descr. [sles
Scot?, in Skene Celtic Scotd. iii. App. 438 Ane dependar on
the Clan Donald. #1639 Srorriswoop /7ist. Ch. Scot. 1.
1677) 186 Being all vassals and dependers of Huntley. 7744.
I:
wirt Poems, A Riddle, Ym but a meer Depender sti
An humble Hanger-on at best. 1726-31 ‘Tinpat Rafin's
Hist. Eng. (2743) II. xvi. 78 He drew together a number
of Lords of his Dependers.
2. One who depends or relies 07 something. rare.
161r Saks. Cymd, 1. v. 58 To be depender on a thing
that leanes. 1617 Hieron /V%s. II. 306 Art thou a con-
tinuall depender vpon teaching? 1827 L.vamiiner 470/2
A set of puny dependers upon a British soldiery.
Dependible, var. of DEPENDABLE.
Depending, 2/. sb. rare. [f. DEPEND v.1+
-1nc t, In sense 2, perh. a subst. use of the A/. a.]
1. The action of the verb DEPEND ; dependence ;
in quot. + waiting, suspense (see DEPEND v.1 6, 7).
1616 B. Jonson Efigr., To William Roe, Delay is bad,
doubt worse, depending worst. [
2. Something depending on or belonging to
something else; an appurtenance ; = DEPENDENCE
4, DEPENDENCY 4a. Obs.
1436 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 181 Conclusion of this dep-
pendinge of kepinge of the see. 1642 in Rushw. /Vist. Codd.
1, (1692) I. 665 ‘he said Commissions or Writs, with all
their Dependings and Circumstances.
Depending (d’pe'ndin), pf/. a. (prep.) [f. Dx-
PEND v.1 + -1NG 2,
A. adj, That depends: see the verb.
1. Hanging or inclining downwards; pendent.
1735 SOMERVILLE Chase 1. 441 To raise the slope Depend-
ing Road. et f- S. Le Dran’s Observ. See 71) 52 To
prevent the Pus from lodging in the most depending Part.
1819 WirFEN Aonian Hours (1820) 39 Locked in the twilight
of dopendicg boughs. 1860 Gosse om. Nat. Hist. 176 One
or two depending vines. § 3
2. That depends on something else ; contingent,
conditioned, etc. ; dependent. :
1824 L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) 1. 446 A number of
depending circumstances distinctly and advantageously ar-
ranged. 5
+3. Subordinate, dependent, subject. Ods.
- 2705 STANHOPE nsin, “oa I. 37 [Persons] of a mean ba rac
ing epiition. 1735 BERKELEY Querist § 419 Either king-
ou. III,
209
dom or republic, depending or independent, free or en-
slaved, .
+ 4. Relying, trusting. ? Ods.
17. Hervey Medit. (1818) 113 A lesson of heaven-
depending faith. 1829 EK. Barner Ser. 11. 372 A praying,
waiting, depending frame of mind.
5. Awaiting settlement, pending.
1679 Hist. Fetzer 34 To hear and determine the depending
cause. 1754 Erskine Princ. Sc. Law (1809) 35 Letters of
diligence. .granted in a depending process. i
B. grep. | Originally the pres. pple. agreeing with
the sb. in absolute construction, as in L. pendente
lite; cf. during, notwithstanding.| During the
continuance or dependence of ; pending.
1503-4 dct 19 Hen. V//, c. 31 Pream., Knyghthode .. re-
ceyved, eny tyme dependyng the seid accions or suetys, shall
abate the writtes, 1602 Futpecke rst Pt. Paral. 61 ‘The
plaintife is put out of seruice depending the plea.
Dependingly, adv. rare. [f. DerENDING a,
+ -LY *.] In a depending or dependent manner ;
with dependence on some person or thing.
1655 GURNALL Chr, in Ari. xi. § 5 (1669) 100/1 Walk de-
pendingly on God. 1676-7 Hate Contemp. 1. On Lord's
Prayer (R.), I will use it thankfully, and nevertheless de-
pendingly. -
+ Depension. Ols.rare—°. [ad. L. dipen-
sion-em expenditure, f. dpendére to spend, expend.]
1656 Biount Glossogr., Depension (depensio), a weighing,
a paying of money. : ae.
Depeople (d/prp'l), v7. arch. [ad. F. dipenple-r
(1364 in Hatzf.), despeupler (1611 Cotgr.) ; after
people. See Dr- I. 6, and cf. DispropLe, DEPoPv-
LATE.) ¢rans. To deprive of people, destroy the
people of, depopulate.
¢1611 Cuarman /éiad xix. 146 Achilles in first fight de-
peopling enemies. 1615 — Odyss. 1x. 75, I depeopled it,
Slew all the men, and did their wives remit, 1848 Lyrron
//arold (1862) 297 Vhe town, awed and depeopled, sub-
mitted to flame and to sword,
+ Deperdit, -ite, a. and sb. Now rave or Ods.
[ad. L. déperdit-us, -um, corrupt, abandoned, pa.
pple. of déperdére to destroy, ruin, lose, f. Dr- 1. 3
+ perdcre to destroy, lose.]
A. adj. Lost, abandoned, involved in ruin or
perdition.
1641 J. Jackson 77-e Evang. Tt. 198 Such miscreants,
and deperdite wretches as they proved. 1642 —- AA. Con-
science 7 Some notable deperdite wretch.
B. sé. Something lost or perished.
1802 Patey Nat. Theol. v. § 4 (x6r9) 58 No reason..why,
if these deperdits ever existed, they have now disappeared,
Hence Depe'rditely adv.
1608 J. Kixc Serm. 5 Nov. 17 The most .. deperditely
wicked of all others. '
Deperdition (dipasdifon). Now rare. [a.
F. déperdition (Paré 16th c.), n. of action from L.
déperdcre see prec.] Loss, waste, destruction by
wasting away.
1607 J. Kinc Sev. Nov. 31 Wherin was prodition, per-
dition, deperdition, al congested and heaped vp inon. c1645
Howe wt Lef?. I. 1. xxxi, The old [flesh] by continual de-
perdition. evaporating still out of us. 1646 Sir ‘Tl. Browne
Pseud. Ep. 1. Vv. 86 It may be unjust to deny all efficacie of
gold, in the non-omission of weight, or deperdition of any
ponderous particles. 1795 tr. A/ercier’s Fragments 11. 63
At its horrid deperdition every citizenis alarmed. 1881 A »-
nihilation 6 Alas ! who will henceforth be afraid of sin, if it
only. .end in painless deperdition ? ,
Deperition (dzpéri-fon). vazve. [n. of action
f. L. dépertre to perish, be lost utterly, f. Dr- I. 5
+ perireto perish.] Perishing, total wasting away.
1793 Eart or Bucnan Anon. Ess. (1812) 363 That all
nature was in a constant state of deperition and renovation.
1808 BentHam Sc. Reform 76 Deperition of necessary evi-
dence, deperition of the matter of wealth, in the hands of
the adverse party .. deperition viz. with reference to the
party in the right—by dissipation, by concealment.
+ Deperpeyl, v. Ods. [a. OF. deparpeillier,
desp-, to disperse.] |= DISPARPLE, to scatter.
13.- Hamprote Psadter [xliv. 11] xliii. 13 In genge pou
scatird [MS. S. deperpeyld] vs.
Depe‘rsonalize, v. [f. Dx- II. 1 + Prrsoy-
ALIZE.] trans. 'To deprive of personality; to make,
or regard as, no longer personal.
1866 LowELt Biglow P. Introd., He would have enabled
me. .to depersonalize myself into a vicarious egotism. 1889
W. S. Litty ee 170 An artificial mechanism,
which destroys individuality and depersonalises man.
+Depe'rsonate, v. Oés. [f. De- IL 1 +
Person +-ATE3, Cf. med.L. dépersdnare = disper-
sonare.| trans. To deprive of the status of a person
or of personal rights. :
1676 R. Dixon Two Test. 336 A Bond-man, a Slave. . being
wholly decapitated and dep d from the common con-
dition of a humane person.
Depe‘rsonize, v. [Dz- II. 1 + Person + -178.]
= DEPERSONALIZE.
1888 F. H. Sropparp in Andover Rev. Oct., The one
aims to visualize the ideal, the other to depersonize the God
conception itself.
Deperte, obs. form of DEPART.
+ Depe'rtible, 2. Ods. [f. as if from L. vb.
*dépertire = dispertire to divide, distribute + -BLE.
The prefix follows F. départir, Eng. Depart.]
Capable of being divided into parts; divisible.
1626 Bacon Sylva § 857 Some Bodies have a... more
Depertible Nature than others; As we see it evident in
DEPHLOGISTICATE.
Colouration; For a small Quantity of Saffron will Tinct
more then a very great Quantity of Brasil or Wine.
Depesche, var. of DErEAcH, Obs.
+ Depe'ster, v. Obs. [a. OF. depestrer,
despestrer (13-14th c. in Hatzf.), mod. dépétrer,
in same sense, f. dé-, dés- (DIS-) + -festrer in em-
pestrer: see EMPESTER, PrEstER.] ref. To dis-
entangle or rid oneself (fron).
1685 Corton tr. A/ontaignue I. 449 One vice .. so deeply
rooted in us, that I dare not determine whether any one
ever clearly depestred himself from it or no.
Depeter ((dep/to1). Budding. Also depreter.
[Derivation obscure.
It looks like a formation of L. de and fetva stone; possibly
from a med. L, dépetrare to dress with stone. In that case
depreter is an erroneous form.] (See quots.)
1852 Brees Gloss., Depreter or Defeter, plastering done
to represent tooled stone. It is first pricked up and floated
the same as for set or stucco, and small stones are then
forced on dry froma board. 1876 Notes on Building Constr.
(Rivington) II. 409 Depeter consists of a pricked up coat
[of plaster] with small stones pressed in while it is soft, so as
to produce a rough surface. 1886 Seppon Builder's Work
248 Defeter, is somewhat similar to rough casting, except
that small stones are pressed dry into the soft plaster by
means ofa board. /é/d., Depreter, is a term sometimes used
to denote plaster finished in imitation of tooled stone.
+ Depe’x, v. Obs.vare—°. [f. L. dépfex-, ppl.
stem of Wépectéve to comb down.] To comb down.
1623 Cockreram, Defer, to kemb. [1644 Ridiculed in
Vindex Anglicus : see quot. s. v. DeFust.]
Depheazance, dephezaunce, obs. ff. Dr-
FEASANCE.
1558 in Vicary's Anat. (1888) App. v. 183 Withoute eny
maner of vse, condicion or dephezaunce,
Dephilosophize: see Dr- II. 1.
+Dephlegm (d‘flem), v. O/d Chem. [ad.
mod.L. dphlegmare, ¥. déflegmer (1698 in Matzt.>:
see DEPHLEGMATE.] = DEPHLEGMATE.
1660 Hoy aw, Exp. Phys. Alech, xxiv. 191 We took
also some Spirit of Urine, carelesly enough deflegmed.
1668 — /'ss. § 7 racts (1669) 48 We have sometimes taken
of the better sort of Spirit of Salt, and having carefully de-
phlegm’d it[etc.], 1683 PA/2. 7 vans. X1IL. 298 Very strong
Vinegar, dephlegm’d by freezing.
Ilence Dephle' gmed, dephlegm'd ///. a.; De-
phle‘gmedness.
1660 Bove New Exp. Phys. Mech, xxx. (1682) 115 Well
dephlegm’d Spirit of Wine is much lighter than Water. 1669
— Hist. Firmness, Ess. & Tracts 291 Vhe proportion ..
depends .. upon the strength of the former Liquor, and the
dephlegmedness of the latter. 1676 — New xfer. 1. in
Phil. Trans. X1. 777 We gently poured on it some highly
dephlegm’d Spirit of Wine. :
+ Dephlegmate (déflegme't), v. Ofd Chem.
[f. ppl. stem of med. or mod.L. déphlegmare, f.
Dr- I. 6 + phlegma, a. Gr. préypa (pAéypar-)
clammy humour: see PHLEGcM.] ‘rans. To free
(a spirit or acid) from ‘ phlegm’ or watery matter ;
to rectify.
1668 Boyir “ss, § Tracts (1669) 65 We dephlegmated some
[spirits] by more frequent, and indeed tedious Rectifications.
1686 W. Haraistr. Lemery’s Chymz. (ed. 2) 186 You may use
either a little more, ora little less, according to the strength
of the spirit, or according as it is more or less dephlegmated.
1757 A. Coorer Distiller 1. xxiii. (1760) 95 ‘This Ingredient
cleanses and dephlegmates the Spirit considerably. 1789
J. Keir Dict. Chem. 96/2'Vhe contained matter must be de-
phlegmated.
b. fg. To rid of admixture, purify, refine.
1796 Burke Let. Nodle Ld. Wks. VII. 56 The principle
of evil himself, incorporeal, pure, unmixed, dephlegmated,
defecated evil.
Ilence Dephle*gmated ///. a., Dephle*gmating
vbl. sb. and pfu. a.
1641 Frencu Distil?, v.(1651)115 The pure dephlegmated
Spirit. 17z2 tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs 1. 162,To know
whether it is truely deflegmated, or Proof-Spirit. 1807
Orie Lect, Art i. (1848) 253 The ancients .. produced those
concentrated, dephlegmated, and highly rectified personifi-
cations of strength, activity, beauty.
+Dephlegmation (diflegmé'fan). O/d Chem.
[n. of action irom prec. vb. ; in mod.F. déflegmation
(Trevoux 1732).] The process of dephlegmating
a spirit or acid.
1668 Boye Ess, & Tracts (1669) 48 To separate the aqueous
parts by Dephlegmation. 1718 Quincy Compl. Dispens. 40
‘The same thing is constantly observ’d in the Dephlegmation
of acid Spirit. 1758 / laboratory laid Open Introd. 46 Re-
torts must be provided for the dephlegmation, ;
Dephlegmator (diflegmé‘to1). [Agent-n. in
L, form f. mod.L. déphlegmare to DEPHLEGMATE.]
An apparatus for dephlegmation ; a form of con-
densing oy agai in a still. ‘
1828 S. F. Gray Operative Chemist 767 This dephlegmator
is formed of two broad sheets of tinned copper, soldered
together so as to leave only 4th of an inch between them.
1876 S. Kens. Mus. Catal. No. 4376.
+ Dephlogistic (d7flodgi'stik), a. Old Chem.
[f. De- I. 6 + Puiocisr-on + -Ic: cf. PHLOGISTIC.]
= DEPHLOGISTICATED.
1787 Darwin in PAil. Trans, LXXVIII. 52 Combination
of dephlogistic and inflammable gases.
ogi'sticate, v. [f. De- II.1 + Paiocis-
TICATE.
+1. trans. Old Chem. To deprive of phlogiston
(the supposed principle of inflammability in
bodies). ae
DEPHOSPHORIZE.
1779 Phil. Trans, UXIX. 441 The power .. of dephlogisti-
one common air. 1 Treat bid, Uxxi 212 The
nitrous acid .. is well known to dephlogi
rfectly as possible, 2788 Cavenpisn zbid, LX XVIII. 270
e suppose that the air .. was intirely dephlogisticated.
2. To relieve of inflammation. (Cf. ANTIPHLO-
GISTIC 2.)
1842 Fraser's Mag. XXVI1. 452 The sheriffs .. were fun-
a lly phieb ised and dephlogisticated by the frag-
ments of their own swords. 1875 Grikie Life Sir R. Mur-
chison 1. 142 Given to water-drinking and dephlogisticating.
Hence Dephlogi‘sticated #//. a. (esp. in dephlo-
gisticated air, the name given to oxygen by Priest-
ley, who, on its first discovery, supposed it to be
ordinary air deprived of phlogiston); Dephlogis-
ticating, ///. a.; Dephlogi:stica‘tion.
19775 Priestiey in Phil. Trans. LXV. 387 This species may
not inp coy d be called, dephlogisticated air. This species
of air I first — from mercurius calcinatus per se.
1989 -— ibid. LXXIX. 146 The dephlogisticating principle.
smn Cavennias ibid, LXX1V. 141 There is the utmost reason
to think, that dephlogisticated and phlogisticated air (as M.
Lavoisier and Scheele suppose) are quite distinct substances,
and not differing only in their degree of phlogistication ;
and that common air isa mixture of the two. 1791 HAMILTON
Berthollet’s Dyeing 1.1.1.1. 7 Oxygenated (dephlogisticated)
muriatic acid. 1794 Suttivan Hew Nat. 11. 86 From the
greater, or less dephlogistication of the ores, or the stones
in which it is contained. 1807 Vancouver Agric. Devon
(1813) 459 Vegetables .. again in turn, and during the day-
time, exhale and breathe forth that pure dephlogisticated
air, so essential to the support of animal existence.
Dephosphorize ((¢p'sforaiz), v. [Dxr- IT. 1.]
trans. To deprive of or free from phosphorus.
1878 Ure Dict. Arts 1V. 451 Without attempting to de-
phosphorize the ore more completely, 1 Daily News
1 Dec. 5/4 (This) so effectually dephosphorises the Cleve-
and ore as to allow it to be manufactured into steel.
Hence Depho'sphorized ///. a., Depho’sphoriz-
ing vd/. sb. ; also Dephosphoriza‘tion, the process
of freeing from phosphorus.
1878 Rep. Annual Meeting of Iron § Steel Inst., The dephos-
phorization of iron. 1883 4 thenenum 24 Feb. 253/1 The slag
obtained in the basic dephosphorizing process. 1885 //arfer's
Mag. Apr. 819/1 The dephosphorization process, by which
phosphoric pig-iron can be converted into steel.
Dephysicalize: see Dr- II. 1.
+Depi'ct, p//. a. Obs. ie L. dépict-us, pa.
pple. of dépingére: see next.) Depicted.
1430 Lypc. Min. Poems 177, 1 fond a lyknesse depict
upon a wal. 14.. Circumcision in Tundale's Vis. 94 And
letturs new depicte in every payn. 1598 Stow Surv. xl.
(1603) 416 Embrodered, or otherwise depict upon them.
Depict (dipikt), v. [f. L. dépict-, ppl. stem of
L. dépingére to represent by painting, portray, de-
pict, f. De- I. 3 + pzugére to paint: cf. DEPAINT
and prec.
(Godefroy has a single example of OF. deficter of 1426:
but the word is not recorded later, and cannot be sapposed
to have influenced the formation of the Eng. vb.)]
1. trans. To draw, figure, or represent in colours;
to paint; also, in wider sense, to portray, delineate,
figure anyhow.
1631 Weever Anc, Fun. Mon. 136 This old Distich, some-
times depicted vpon the wall at the entrance into the said
Abbey. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 7¥a7. 10 Which Bird I have
here simply depicted as you see [here is fig.]. 1639 Futter
Holy War w. xii. (1840) 199 ‘The history of the Bille as
richly as curiously depicted in needle work. a 1667 Jer.
Taycor (J.), [They] depicted upon their shields the most
terrible beasts they could imagine. 1794 Suttivan View
Nat. II, The solar progress is depicted by the Hindoos, by
a circle of intertwining serpents. 1867 Lapy Hersert
Cradle L. iv. 121 The accuracy with which the painter has,
perhaps unconsciously, depicted the room, 1872 YEATS
Growth Comm. 33 Victims of the slavedealer as depicted
on the earliest Egyptian monuments.
b. ¢ransf. To image, figure, or represent as if
by painting or drawing. Also fig.
1817 Br. R. Watson Anecd. II. 401 (R.) Why the man has
..an idea of figure depicted on the choroides or retina of
the eye. 1834 Mrs. Somervitte Connect. Phys. Sc. xviii.
(1849) 176 He .. saw .. a windmill, his own figure, and that
of a friend, depicted .. on the sea. 1839 G. Biro Nat.
Philos, 3 membrane, on which the images of objects
become depicted. a 1870 Loncrettow Birds of Passage 1,
Discov. North Cape xxi, With doubt and strange surmise
Depicted in their look.
2. To represent or portray in words; to describe
graphically.
a et Fetrton (J.), When the distractions of a tumult are
sensibly depicted .. while you read, you seem indeed to see
them. 1856 Kane Arc. /-xfi. I. xiv. 159 No language can
depict the chaos at its base. 1873 Symonps Grk. Poets ix.
294 Sophocles aims at depicting the destinies, and Shakspere
the characters of men. ~ ged ;
3. To represent, as a painting or picture does.
1871 Macpurr Alem. Patmos iv. 45 Cartoons .. in bold
outline depicting the rev and diversified features
in church life and character. eats Techn. Hist.Comm,
45 Their oldest depict pinni
ence Depicted i a., Depi'cting vb/. sb.
a176a in H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) 1. 93
A depicted table of Colonia. 1 Atheneum 14 Mar.
532/ His .. gay and luminous coloration, and sparkling de-
picting of light are not obtainable with ink.
‘cter,-or. [f. Depicr v.+-ER ; the form
in -or is after Latin.] One who depicts, portrays,
or sets forth in words,
oy 4 Locknart Scott, Depicter (F. Hall).
to Aug., The mournful depicters of Calcutta life.
Daily Tel.
1892 A.
isticate metals as »
| or garden was depictured on the
210
Hamtyn in Atalanta Dec. 165/1 So brilliant a depictor of
animal life. |
Depiction (d/pikfan). [ad. L. dépiction-em,
n. of action from dépingére: see Depict v. (Cf.
OF. depiction, 1426 in Godef., but not known
later.)] The action of depicting; painted repre-
sentation, picture ; graphic description.
1688 R. Hotme Armoury 1. 176/2 The true shape and
depiction of a Bishop in his Pontificals. 1882 A. W. Warp
Dickens vy. 130 Dickens’ comic genius was never so much at
its ease .. as in the depiction of such groups as this. |
E. Foster in Elocutionist Dec. 7/2 Mr. Denbigh ha
hitherto restricted his art to depictions of the fleshly school.
Lepictive (d/pi-ktiv), a. [f. L. dépict- ppl.
stem (see Derricrv.) +-IVE.] Having the function
or quality of depicting.
1821 Nezww Monthly Mag. Il. 392 The depictive art and
power with which it is written. 1892 Watney Max Miller
40 The signs lost their pictorial or depictive character.
Depi‘ctment. rare. [f. Dericr v. + -MENT.]
Pictorial representation ; a painting, a picture.
1816 Keatince 7 raz. (1817) I. 136 Hung with gay depict-
ments, in glowing colouring .. of those who have suffered.
/bid. V1. 76 'Trajan’s Pillar and various depictments give the
representation.
Depi‘cture, 5). Ins Sc.-our. [f. L. depict-
ppl. stem of depfingére see DEPICT v.) + -URE.]
DepIcTION ; depicting ; painting.
1500-20 Dunpar ToQueyne of Scottis 14 Ma{i)stres of nurtur
and of nobilnes, Of ieach depictour princes{s] and patroun.
1834 Fraser's Mag. X. 118 He is lost in amazement .. to see
genius employed upon the depicture of such a rascaille
rabllement! 1882 Nature XXV1.534 The depicture of the
.. revolution which Darwin has accomplished in the minds
of men.
Depicture (d/piktiiu), v. [f. Dr- prefix +
PicrureE v. (in use from 14th c.); formed under
the influence of Drprcr fa. pple., and of L. dépin-
gore, dépictum.)
1. trans. To represent by a picture ; to portray
in colours, to paint; also, more widely, to draw,
figure, or portray; = Dkepict v. 1.
1593 Rites & Mon. Ch. Durh. (Surtees) 40 The starre ..
underneth depictured. 1631 WEEVER Anc. Fun. Mon, 50
The glasse-windowes wherein the effigies of .. Saints was
depictured. 1781 Gippon Decd. & FILL. li. 183 A paradise
ground, a1847 Mrs.
Suerwoop Lady of Manor III. xviii. 9 A course of little
lectures .. on the subjects depictured upon the tiles. ;
b. To image or figure as ina painting; = Depict
v. Ub,
1742 tr. Algarotti on Newton's Theory 1, 106 The Images
..are depictured upon the Membrane of the Eye. 1849
Tait's Mag. XVI. 219 The .. tableau depictured itself in-
delibly upon the mind.
2. To set forth or portray in words; =DeEpicr
U2.
1798 Coteripce Satyrane'’s Lett. iii. in Biog, Lit. (1882)
268 It tends to make their language more picturesque; it de-
ictures images better. 1844 Disraett Coningsby i1.v, You
foes but described my feelings when you depictured your
own. 1868 Browninc Ring & Bh. vit. 752 Oh! language
fails, Shrinks from depicturing his punishment.
To represent, as a picture, figure, image, or
symbol does; =Depict v. 3.
1650 Brief Disc. Fut. Hist. Europe 30 The Iron Leggs and
the Clay ‘Toes depictured the Roman Empire. 1834 Lytton
eg pat) 133 Features which but one image in the world can
yet depicture and recall. 1852 J. Witson in Blackw. Mag.
iXxl I. 151 The Outward expresses, depictures the Inward.
4. fig. To represent or picture to one’s own mind
or imagination ; to imagine.
1775 Apair Amer. Ind. 209 They speedily dress a woman
with the apparel of either the god, or goddess... as they
depicture them according to their own dispositions, 1800
Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Fam, 11. 213 Chowles was, in his
eyes, a contemptible object; and, as such, he depictured
him. 1876 Miss Brappon 7. fe, bind Dau, 1.1. 5 Any
idea about the Greeks, whom they depictured to themselves
wey and variously.
Hence Depi*ctured ///. a., Depi'cturing v/. s/.;
also Depi‘cturement.
1850 Mrs. BrowninG Seraphinr, | have beheld the ruined
things Only in depicturings Of angels sent on earthward
mission. 1886 J. Payne tr. Boccaccio's Decam. m. vii. 1. 321
Terrifying the mind of the foolish with clamours and de-
picturements.
Le pgmenta tion. [f Dr- II. 1 + Pramenra-
t10n.} The condition of being deficient or wanting
in pigment (in the tissues).
_— I, Taytor Origin of Aryans 42 Here depigmentation
or albinism is very prevalent.
De te (depilett), v [f. L. dépilat-, ppl.
stem of dépilare to pull out the hair, f. De- I. 2 +
pilus hair, pilare to deprive of hair, Cf. F. dé-
filer (Paré, 16th c.). (Pa. t. in Se. depilat for
depilatit.))
. To remove the hair from; to make bare of hair.
1560 Rottanp Crt. Venus m, 29 The hair .. Frahir Father
throw slicht scho depilat. Tomutnson Nenon's Disp.
205 Which places they much desire to depilate and glabrify.
1853 Hickte tr. Aristoph. (1872) 11. 427, 1 aman old woman,
but depillated with the lamp. - :
+2. To deprive ofits skin, decorticate, peel. [So
in Lat.] Obs. rare.
1620 Venner Via Recta v. go Made of Rice accurately de-
pilated and boyled in milke. E
Hence De'pilated, De:pilating f//. adjs.
DEPLENISH.
1876 Dunrinc Skin Dis , The ion of the diseased
hairs [in ¢ixea sycosis], for which purpose a pair of depil
ing forceps should be used.
ilation (depilé'-fon). ‘[ad. med. or mod.
L. déepilation-em, n. of action from dépilare to Dr-
PILATE. So in F.; in 13th c. defilacton (Hatzf.).]
1. The action of depriving or stripping of hair ;
the condition of being void of hair.
1547 Boorpe Brev. Health cci. 69 b, ilacion of a mannes
heare. 1650 Butwer Anthrofomet. iv. 67 [They] pluck off
all the haire of their Eye-brows, taking great pride .. in that
unnaturall depilation. 1861 Wricut Ess. Archeol. I. vii.
131 The practice of depilation prevailed generally among
the Anglo-Saxon ladies. 1877 Covie & Aten ny Amer.
Rod. 616 The depilati t bers is not always com.
plete ; younger specimens .. show .. hairy tail and
+ 2. The action of meine or pillage. Ods.
161r Speen Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. x. (1632) 661 Orders for
brideling their excessive depilations [i.e. of the Pi and
his agents]. 1687 T. K. Veritas Evang. 37 Yhe Dephations
of Promoters, and other Under Officers.
+ Depilative (de'pile'tiv), a. Ods. [f. L. d¥
7lat- ppl. stem (see DEPILATE v.) + -IVE. Cf.
mod.F, dépilatif, -ive (1732 in Hatzf.).] = Dr-
PILATORY.
1562 Turner Herbal 11. 168 a, All herbes that are depilatiue
or burners of hare. 1567 MartetGr. /orest 10 They say it
is vsed to Oyntments ilatiue.
i r (de-pilettan\.
f. L. dépilare to DEPILATE.]
1. One who deprives of hair; a shaver.
1836 E. Howarp 2. Reefer lvi, The hungry depilator
seized the razors.
2. An instrument for pulling out hairs.
1889 in Cent. Dict.
i (d#pi-latari), a. and sb. [f. L. type
dépilatorius, f. depilat-: see DEPILATE v. and -ORY.
In F. dépilatoire (Paré 16th c.).]
A. adj. Having the property of removing hair.
1601 Hotranp //iny II, Bats bloud hath a depilatorie
facultie to fetch off haire. 1766 Pennant Zool. (1776) IV.
59 (Jod.) Elian says that they were depilatory, and. . would
take cide | the beard. 1835 Kemws Hab. & Inst. Anim. 11.
xxii. 424 It emits a milky saliva, which is depilatory.
B. sb. A depilatory agent or substance ; a pre-
paration to remove (growing) hair.
1606 HoLtanp Sueton. Annot. 12 A Depilatorie, to k
haire from growing. 1650 BuLwer Anthropfomet. 129 W
because he would never have a Beard, used depilatories.
1830 Linp.ey Nat. Syst. Bot. 76 The juice of its leaves is
a powerful depilatory ; it destroys hair .. without pain,
+ Depi'led, #//. a. Ods. [Formed after L. dé-
pilat-us, ¥. depilé: see DEPILATE v.] Depilated.
1650 Buwer Anthrofomet. 1. 48 [Shaving is] uncomely,
because allied unto depiled baldnesse.
De us (de'pilos), a. [f. assumed L. type
*dépilos-us: cf. L, dépilts without hair, and pilosus
hairy.) Deprived or void of hair.
[agent-n., on L. type,
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. m1. xiv, A quadruped cor-
ticated and depilous. _/é/d. v1. x, How t dogs] of some
Countries became depilous and without any hair at all. 1822
T. Taytor Apuleius vit. 156 Striking me with a very thick
stick, he left me [the ass] entirely depilous.
Depinct v. Ods.: see Depriner, Dericr.
+ Depinge (d/pindz), v. Ods. rare. [ad. L.
dépingére to Devict.] trans. To depict, portray,
represent by a picture or image. ,
Tomiinson Renou's Disp. 263 That same that Garcias
depinges in other lineaments.
ppl. a. Obs. (app.) Stripped of
and le;
R. Franck North, Mem, (1821) 112 To bait for trout. .
I commend the canker .. or, if with a depinged locust, you
will not lose your labour ; nor will you starve your cause, if
to strip off the legs of a grasshopper. — 307 Let the Angler
in,
then have recourse to. .the depin per.
Depla‘ce, ~. vare. [a. mod.b. , in OF.
desp-.| = DISPLACE v.
. Rocers A ntipopop. xii. § 5 Purgatory deplaces hell.
(déplane't), a. rare. [ad. L. dé-
planat-us levelled down, made plain.]
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Deplanate, flattened, smoothened.
+ v. Se. Obs. [f. De- I. 3 + Le
plan-us plain: cf. de-clare.] To make plain, show
plainly, declare (to).
1572 Satir. Poems Reform. xxx. 136 The day is neir; as
I weill deplane 3ow.
+ Deplant (d7pla‘nt), v. Ods. f . F, déplant-er
(16th c. in Littré) to transplant, L. déplantare to
take off a shoot, also to plant, f. De- I. 1, 2 + plan-
tére to plant, A/anfa plant.] ‘To transplant’
Bailey 1721. (Thence in mod. Dicts.)
Hence +Deplanta‘tion. [So in mod.F. ¢Littré).]
1656 Biount Glossogr., Deplantation, a taking up Plants,
(Hence in Battey, Jounson, etc.).
i ‘Siplenif), v. ff. De- Il. 1 +
PLENISH (Sc,) to furnish a house, to stock a farm ;
cf. DISPLENISH, REPLENISH.]
1. “vans. To deprive (a house) of furniture, or (a
farm) of stock ; to DISPLENISH.
1887 Pall Mail G. 9 Mar. 1/t The tenants have sold their
stock, deplenished their farms.
2. gen. To empty of its contents: the opposite of
lenish.
Sara Tw. round Clock(1861)144 Theirown deplenished
DEPLETANT.
Depletant (diplztant), a. and.sb, Med. [E.
DEPLETE v.: see -ANw!.]
A. adj. Having the property of depleting (see
Deprvete v, 2). B. sb. A drug which has this pro-
perty. ‘
1880 Libr. Univ. Know/. VIL. 13 Tonics are often of more
service [in inflammation] than depletants.
Deplete (dipl7t), a. [ad. L. dzplét-us emptied
out, exhausted, pa. pple. of déplere: see next.]
Depleted, emptied out, exhausted.
1880 R. Dow.ine Sfort of F. ILI. 205 The brain was
remarkably deplete of blood. 1885 L. Oxirnanr Ze?. in
Life (1891) II. xi. 277 Creating openings in the deplete
organism for access of spirits.
Leplete (diplit), v. [f L. déplet-, ppl. stem
of déplére to bring down or undo the fullness of,
empty out, let blood, f. De- I. 6 + -plére to fill.]
1. trans. To reduce the fullness of; to deprive of
contents or supplies ; to empty out, exhaust.
1859 Saxe Poems, Progress 36 Deplete your pocket and
relieve your purse. 1880 7 ves 13 Oct. 5/5 ‘he garrison is
somewhat depleted of troops at the present time. 1884
Jbid, 8 July 1x The demand for coin..will..help to deplete
the Bank’s stock of gold.
2. Med. To empty or relieve the system or
vessels when overcharged, as by blood-letting or
purgatives.
1807 [see DerietinG below]. 1858 Cortanp Dict. Pract.
Med. 1. 105/2 To deplete the vascular system. 1875 H. C.
Woop 7herap. (1879) 465 Whenever, in inflammation, it is
desired to deplete through the bowels.
Hence Deple‘ted A//. a., Depleting vd/. sd. and
2. a.
1807 Med. ¥rul. XVII. 501 Depleting and antiphlogistic
remedies were continued. 1870 Darly News 29 Nov., ‘To
fill her depleted magazines. 1885 J/anch. Exam, 29 June
5/2 The overcrowded village might be even worse to live in
than the depleted town.
Deplethoric (d¢,ple‘porik, -pl7pp-rik), a. [f.
De- II. 3 + Pieruoric.] Characterized by the
absence of plethora.
1837 T. Doustepay in Blackw. Mag. X LI. 365 In order to
remedy this [plethoric state of plants], gardeners and florists
are accustomed to produce the opposite, or ‘deplethoric
state’, by artificial means. ‘This they denominate ‘giving
acheck’. 1882 Pop. Sc. Monthly Nov. 39 Doubleday at-
tempted to demonstrate that .. the deplethoric state is
favorable to fertility.
Depletion (dipl7fan). [ad. L. type *epletion-
em (perh, used in med, or mod.L.), n. of action
from déplére, deplét- to DepLern. Cf. mod.F. dé-
plétion (term of medicine) in Littré. (The cl.L.
equivalent was déplétiira.)] :
1. The action of depleting, or condition of being
depleted; emptying of contents or supplies ; ex-
haustion.
1656 Biount Glossogr., Depletion, an emptying. 1852 D.
G. Mircuett Batte Summer 214 With coffers in the last
stages of depletion. 1889 Spectator 14 Sept., The depletion
of London to the benefit of other English cities.
2. Med. The emptying or relieving of over-
charged vessels of the body ; reduction of plethora
or congestion by medicinal agency ; bleeding.
@ 1735 ArsuTunor (J.), Depletion of the vessels gives room
to the fluid to expand itself. 1803 Med. Frnl. X. 471 The
mode of treatment .. was depletion, followed by a mercurial
salivation. 1874 Van Buren’s Dis. Genit. Org. 83 The
acute symptoms .. yield rapidly to local depletion and seda-
tives. 1890 7 Yes 1 Sept. 7/2 Some blood letting was neces-
sary and natural; but apparently it has gone on so long
that a period of depletion has set in.
Hence Deple‘tionist, an advocate of depletion.
1883 Sat. Kev. 14 Apr. 464 Two general views on that
question [Scotch crofters] .. may be summarized by the two
words ‘ impletionist ’ and ‘ depletionist ’.
Depletive (d’piz tiv), a. and sb. Med. [mod. f.
L. déplét- ppl. stem of déplére to DEPLETE + -IVE.
Cf. mod.¥F. déplétif (medical term) in Littré.]
A. adj. Characterized by depletion. B. sd. A
drug having the property of producing depletion.
1835 Warpror Bleeding (L.), Depletive treatment is contra-
indicated .. She had been exhausted by depletives, 1885
W. Rozerts 7 reat. Urin. Diseases 1. 1. (ed. 4) 410 Active
depletive measures are indicated.
' Depletory (</plftari), a. Aved. [f. as prec. +
-ory.] Producing depletion, depletive.
1849 CLaripGe Cold Water Cure 110 Leeching and severe
depletory measures are decidedly wrong. 1875 H. C. Woop
Therap. (1879) 535 In the one case depletory medicines are
indicated, in the other case tonics are no less essential.
+ Deplication. O0és. rare.
med.L, déplicare to unfold, f. Du- I. 6 + plicdre
to fold.] Unfolding, display.
1 W. Mountacue Devout Ess. 1. xvi §3 (R.) An un-
folding and deplication of the inside of this order. 1656
Biount Glossogr., Deplication, an unfolding.
Deplorability (d‘ploerabi'liti). vave. [f. next :
see -Ity.] The quality of being deplorable ; an
instance of this, a deplorable matter.
1854 Tait’s Mag. XX1. 167 It does not prevent occasional
obscurities and deplorabilities. 1856 7¥es 18 Jan. (L.), The
deplorability of war in general.
Deplorable (d‘plo-rib’l), a. [mod. f. L. d=
plorare to DEPLORE: see -BLE. Cf. F. déplorable
(¢1600 in Hatzf., not in Cotgr. 1611).]
[n. of action f. ©
211
1. To be deplored or lamented ; lamentable, very
sad, grievous, miserable, wretched. Now chiefly
used of events, conditions, circumstances.
‘It is sometimes, in a more lax and jocular sense, used for
contemptible ; br hoon as, deplorable nonsense; deplor-
adle stupidity’ (Johnson’.
1612 E. Grimstone (title), Mathieu’s Heroyk Life and
Deplorable Death of The most Christian King Henry the
Fourth. 163: Massincer Beleeve as you list w. ii, The
storie of Your most deplorable fortune. a@1687 Corton
Pindar. Ode, Beauty (R.)\, He .. does betray A deplorable
want of sense. 1710 Swirr Zatler No, 230 2 ‘he deplor-
able Ignorance that... hath reigned among our English
Writers. 1759 Ropertson //ist, Scotd. 1. 1v. 330 The people
beheld the deplorable situation of their sovereign with in-
sensibility. 1860 Tynpa.t Glac. 1. xxii. 160 If climbing
without guides were to become habitual, deplorable con-
sequences would. .ensue. ;
b. Formerly said of persons or things of which
the state is lamentable or wretched. Ods.
1642 J. M. Argt.conc. Militia 13 Our deplorable brethren
and neighbours. 1646 Sir ‘I’. Browne Psend. £/. V1. Vv. 291
A deplorable and comfortlesse Winter. 1682 Bunyan //oly
Var 112 ‘Thou pretendest a right to the deplorable town of
Mansoul.
+ 2. Given up as hopeless; = DEPLORATE. rare.
1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Conrpit. vit. 300 That not deplorable
persons, but such as have strength, be tapped.
B. as 56. pl. Deplorable ills.
1830 Scorr Fru, 11. 157 An old fellow, mauled with rheu-
matism and other deplorables.
Beplorableness. [f. prec. + -Ness.] The
state or condition of being deplorable; misery,
wretchedness.
1648 Hammonp Sev. x. Wks. 1684 IV. 536 The sadness
and deplorableness of this estate. 1679 ]. Goopman /’ex/t.
Pardoned ut, iv, (1713) 321 He..hath known by sad ex-
perience the deplorableness of that condition.
Deplorably, adv. [f. as pree.+-Ly2.] Ina
deplorable manner, or to a deplorable degree;
lamentably, miserably, wretchedly.
1653 H. More Alitid. Ath. ui. xiv. (1712) 130 If he be not
desperately wicked or deplorably miserable. 1782 V. Knox
“ss. 134(R.) Editions of Greek and Latin classics. .deplorably
incorrect. 1878 Lecky Lug. i 18/7 C. IL. viii, 452 The
defences had been so deplorably neglected.
+ Deplo'rate, a. Obs. [ad. L. deplordat-us be-
wept, given up as hopeless, pa. pple. of déplorare
to Deptorr.] Given up as hopeless ; desperate.
1529 Supplic. to King 46 This deplorate & miserable sorte
of blynde shepherdes. 1615 Crooxe Body of J/an g2 In
a deplorate or desperate dropsie. 1691 Baxter Vat.Ch. xiii.
54 Those that..are not deplorate in Diabolism. 1695 74/7,
Trans. XIX. 73 Many other Mysteries in Mathematicks,
which were before held as deplorate.
Deploration (diploeréi-fon). Now vave. In
5 -acyon, 6 -atioun. [Ultimately ad. L. déplora-
ti6n-em, n. of action f. déplorare to DEPLORE; but
in Caxton and early Sc.’ perh. from French.]
1. The action of deploring ; lamentation.
1533 BettenDeEN Livy 1. (1822) 3 The deploratioun of sic
miseryis. 1582 BentLey Jon, Matrones il. 151 ‘Vhe bitter
deploration of mine offences. 1627 Br, Hatt Gt. /inpostor
507 The meditation and deploration of our owne danger and
misery. 1831 /vaminer 482/2 We cannot run over a tenth
part of the deplorations that occur, |
+b. Formerly, a title for elegiac poems or other
compositions ; a lament. [Soin French. |
1537 Lynvesay (¢7¢/e), ‘The Deploratioun of the Deith of
Quene Magdalene. : :
+2. Deplorable condition, misery. Ods. rare.
1490 Caxton Lxcydos ii. 16 It sholde be an harde thynge
..to putte in forgetynge her swete firste lyf and now her
deploracyon.
+ Deplorative, «. Ovs. [f. déplorat-, ppl.
stem of L. déplorare to DEPLOKE +-1VE.] Charac-
terized by or expressing deploration.
1610 Hearey St, Aug. Citie of God vii. xxvi. (1620) 315
Hermes himself in his deploratiue passage .. doth plainly
auerre that the Egyptian gods were all déad men.
Deplore (dipl61), v. Also 6 Sc. deploir.
[Ultimately ad. L. déplorare to weep bitterly, wail,
bewail, deplore, give up as lost, f. Dr- I. 3 + plorare
to weep, bewail. Cf. F. déplorer, in OF. desplorer,
deplourer, depleurer, It. deplorare,to deplore, bewail
(Florio). The Eng. was possibly from F. or It.]
1. trans. To weep for, bewail, lament ; to grieve
over, regret deeply.
1567 Satir. Poems is he vii. 75 Quhat duilfull mynde
mycht dewlie this deploir? rg91 Spenser Raines of Time
658 He. . left me here his losse for todeplore. 1659 B. Harris
Parival’s Iron Age 77 He was killed by a Musket bullet.
He..was much deplored, by the whole Party, 1814 Cary
Dante's Inf. x1. 44 He..must aye deplore With unavailing
penitence his crime, 1852 Tennyson Ode Dk. of Wellington
ii, Where shall we lay the man whom we deplore?
+b. To tell with grief or lamentation. Ods.
r6or Suaxs. 7wed, N. ut. i. 174 Neuer more Will I my
Masters teares to you deplore.
+e. To shed like tears, ‘weep’. Ods. rave.
x60r Cuester Love's Mart., Dial.\xv, The Turpentine that
sweet iuyce doth deplore.
. intr. To lament, mourn. Now rave or Ods.
1632 Lirucow 7rav. x. 485 My Muse left to mourne for
my Liberty, deplored thus: [verses follow]. 1638 Sir T.
Herpertr 7vav. (ed. 2) 45 Bid him fulfill the ceremoniall law
of deploring for ten dayes. 1776 Mickie tr. Camoens’
Lusiad 262 Along the shore The Halcyons, mindful of their
fate deplore.
DEPLUMATED.
+3. ‘vans. To give up as hopeless, to despair of.
Obs. rare.
1559 [see DerLokED 2]. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. x. §7
‘The physicians .. do make a kind of scruple and religion to
stay with the patient after the disease is deplored. a1729
Concreve Poems, 70 Ld. Halifax 29 A true Poetick State
we had deplor’d.
Hence Deploring 74/. sd.
Deplo'ringly adv.
1s9t Suaxs. 720 Gent. m. ii. 85 To their Instruments
Tune a deploring dumpe. 1847 Craic, Defloringly. 186:
Dickens Mut. Fr. ut. xiii, Mr. Fledgeby shook his head de-
ploringly. x x. Merepity 7rag. Com. xix. (1892) 256
As little was he the vanished God whom his working people
hailed deploringly.
Deplored (d‘ploe-id, -réd), Ap. a. [f. prec. +
-ED!; rendering L. déflordt-as DEPLORATE.]
1. Lamented, mourned for.
+2. Given up as hopeless; desperate; =DE-
PLORATE. Ods.
1559 Kennepy Lett. to Willockin Wodr. Soc. Misc.(1844)276
‘The maist deplorit heretykis quhilk euer wes. 1620 VENNER
Via Recta Introd. 12 Who with deplored diseases. .resort to
our Baths, 1655 GuRNALL Cho. in Ariz. xiv. (1669) 300/1 His
affairs were in such a desperate and deplored condition.
Hence Deplo'redly a/z., Deplo redness.
1656 Artif, Handsom. 72 Yo be deploredly old, and
affectedly young, is not only a great folly, but a grosse
deformity, 1608-11 Br. Haut A/edit., Love of Christ § 2
‘The deploredness of our condition did but heighten that
holy flame. 1675 Brooks Godd. Avy Wks. 1867 V. 201.
+ Deplo‘rement. Oés. rare. [f. DEPLoRE v.
+-MENT.] The act of deploring ; lamentation.
1593 NasHE Chris?’s 7. (1613) 9 O that I did weepe in
vaine, that your defilements & pollutions gaue mee no true
cause of deplorement. 1623 Cockeram, Deplorement, weep-
ing, lamenting.
Deplorer (iplora.).
One who deplores.
1687 Boye JJartyrd. Theodora xi. (1703) 167 All the
other spectators of her sufferings, were deplorers of them too.
Deploy’, 5. J/7. [f. Dertoy v. Cf. OF.
desplot, -floy, Diseuay.] ‘The action or evolution
of deploying.
1796 /ustr. & Reg. Cavalry (1813) 126 From this situation
of the flank march, it is that every regiment is required to
begin the deploy, when forming in line with others. 1870
tr. Arckmann-Chatrian's Waterloo 245 When they began
to talk of the distance of the deploys.
Deploy (diploi), v. [a. F. dployer, in OF.
desployer, orig. despleter :—L. displicire (in late and
med...) to unfold. In its AFr. form regularly
adopted in ME. as desplay, DisvLay. Caxton used
the forms defloye, dysploye after Parisian Fr., but
the actual adoption of def/oy in a specific sense
took place in the end of the 18th c.]
+1. (in Caxton) trans. To unfold, display. Ods.
€1477 CAxToNn Yason 112 Anon they deployed their saylle.
1490 — Lncydos xxvii. 96'l'o sprede and dysploye the sayles.
2. Mil. a. trans. To spread out (troops) so as
to form a more extended line of small depth.
1786 Progress of Warin Lurop. Mag. 1X. 184 His columns
.. are with ease and order-soon deploy’d. 1818 Topp, De-
ploy, a military word of modern times, hardly wanted in our
language ; for it is, literally, to d#sf/ay. A column of troops
is deployed, when the divisions spread wide, or open out.
1863 Life in the South II. i, 11 Other companies were de-
ployed along the stream.
fig. ¢ 1829 LANpor Ils. (1868) II. 206/2 But now deploy
your throats, and cry, rascals, cry ‘Vive la Reine’. 1865
M. Arnoip Ess. Crit. ii. (1875) 97 An English poet deploying
all the forces of his genius.
b. intr. Of a body of troops: To open out so
as to form a more extended front or line. Also fg.
1796 lustr. & Reg. Cavalry (1813) 117 Before the close
column deploys, its head division must be on the line into
which it is to extend. 1799 WeL.incron in Gurw. Desf.
I. 22 The right wing, having deployed into line, began to
advance. 1870 DisraEti Lothair lviil. 309 The main columns
of the infantry began to deploy from the heights.
Jig. 1848 Dickens Dombey v, Mrs. Chick was constantly
deploying into the centre aisle to send out messages by the
pew-opener. 1873 Geikie Gt. /ce Age xix. 249 None of these
[glaciers] ever got out from the mountain valleys to deploy
upon the low-grounds.
Hence Deployed Af/. a., Deploying vé/. sé.
and ff/. a.
1851 Mayne Reiw Scalp Hunt. xxxviii. 292 They behold
the deploying of the line. 1863 Kinciakr Crimea I. 216
Able to show a deployed front to the enemy.
Deploy‘ment. 4/7. [ad. F. dploiement (1798
in Dect. Acad.), f. déployer: see DEPLOY v., and
-MENT.] The action of deploying; = DEpLoy sé.
1796 lustr. § Reg. Cavalry (1813) 117 The close column of
the regiment forms in line, on its front, on its rear, or on any
central division, by the deployment or flank march by three’s,
and by which it successively uncovers and extends its several
divisions, 1868 Kinciakxe Crimea (ed. 6) III. i. 38 Those divi-
sions were halted, and their deployment immediately began.
Deplumate (déplidm¢t), a. [ad. med.L. dé-
plimat-us, pa. pple. of dépliimare to DEPLUME.]
Stripped of feathers, deplumed.
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Deplumate, without, or having lost,
its feathers.
Deplu'mated, #//. a. [-ED1!.] =prec.
1727 Baiwey vol. Il, Deplumated, having the Feathers
taken off. 1819 G, S. Faber Déspens. (1823) I. 424 Shut
up in the prison of gross flesh, with deplumated wings and
scanty opportunities. .the soul is compelled re toil.
27*-2
and ffl. a.; also
[f. as prec, + -ER!.]
DEPLUMATION.
Deplumation (diplivméfon). [a. F. déplum- _ De
ation (Cotgr. 1611), n. of action from dép/umer to
Dertums.}] The action of depluming, or condition
of being deplumed : loss of feathers, plumes, or fig.
of honours, etc.°
(In quot. 1834 humorously for ‘ plucking’ in examination.)
1611 Cotcr., Deplumation, a B mann Mh pluming, vn-
feathering. 1662 R. W[avpeEn] (¢é¢/e), The Deplumation of
Mrs. Anne Gibbs, of those furtivous perfections whereof.she
was supposed a Proprietary. 1662 StituincrL. Orig. Sacr.
ul. iii, § 15 (ed. 3) 512 Through the violence of her moulting
ordeplumation. 1827 G.S. Faser Sacred Cal. Le hast
II. 34 Notwithstanding the downfall produced by this de-
plumation, it (the first Wild-Beast] afterward became erect
upon its feet, like a man. 1834 Oc, Univ. Mag. 1. 289 Lest
..we recall to painful remembrance the forgotten miseries
of deplumation.
| Lath. (See quots.)
1706 Puituips (ed. Kersey), Deplumation ..in Surgery, a
swelling of the Eyelids, accompany’d with the fall of the
Hairs from the Eye-brows. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Depluma-
tion. .old term for a disease of the eyelids which causes the
eyelashes to fall off (Gr. rréAwors).
Deplume (d/pli#m), v. [ad. F. déplumer (in
OF. desplumer), or med.L. deplimare, f. De- 1. 6
+L. plima feather.]
1. trans. To strip of feathers; to pluck the feathers
off.
c1420 Pallad. on /1usb. 1.698 Twies a yere deplumed may
thai be. 1575 Tursery. Maulconrie 310 Ye must cast your
hawke handsomly, and deplume hir head behinde .. and
anoynt it with butter and swynes bloud. 1651 N. Bacon
Disc. Govt. Eng. WW. Xxx. (1739) 141 Thus was the Roman
Eagle deplumed, every Bird had its own Feather. 1651-3
Jer. TayLor Serm. for Year 1. xv. 188 Such a person is like
Homers bird, deplumes himselfe to feather all the naked
callows that he sees. 1774 PENNANT Tour Scot. in 1772, 237
From the circumstance of its depluming its breast. 1847
Gosse Birds of Famaica 293 [The pigeons] are. .deplumed
and drawn. .before they are sent to market.
b. To strip off (feathers . vare.
1599 Broughton's Lett, viii. 28 There are that will .. de-
plume your borrowed feathers.
e. transf. ‘To pluck or cut off hair from. rare.
1775 Avair Amer. /nd. 6 Holding this Indian razor be-
tween their fore-finger and thumb, they deplume themselves,
after the manner of the Jewish novitiate priests.
2. fy. To strip or deprive of honour, ornament,
wealth, or the like.
[1567 Drant Horace E/fist. u. ii. H ij, Thence lighted I in
Thessalie of fethers then deplumde.] 1651 /'udler’s Abel
Rediv., Andrewes (1867) II. 174 (The bishopric] of Ely
(before it was so much deplumed). a 1661 Futter Worthies i.
(1662) 168 This Scotish Demster is an arrant rook, depluming
England, Ireland and Wales, of famous Writers, meerly to
feather his own Country therewith. 1779 Gipson A/isc. IWhks.
(1814) IV. 588 His favourite amusement of depluming me.
1883 L. Wincrietp A. Rowe I. xi. 258 [They] kept gaming-
tables.. where the unwary were speedily deplumed.
Hence Deplu'med ///. a., Deplu'ming vé/. 56.
1638 Suirtey Mart. Soldier un. iv. in Bullen O. P?/. 1. 219
The live taile of a deplum[e]d Henne. 1655 Futter Ch.
Hist. v. iii. § 63 Vhus on the depluming of the Pope every
bird had his own feather. 1793 Nesidence in France (1797)
I. 170 A fowl .. dressed without any other preparation than
that of depluming. 1890 H. A. Hazen in Scéence 23 May
313/2 The most singular fact is that the fowl lives under the
depluming process [in a tornado].
Depnes, obs. form of DEEPNEss.
Depoeticize dipojetisaiz, v. [Dr- II. 1.]
trans. To deprive of what is poetic; to render
prosaic.
1813 Examiner 10 May 300/1 Pope’s villa. .still survives...
though much depoeticized with improvements. 1887 7emple
Bar Mag. Sept. 73 Depressing and stale reflections upon the
depoeticising influence of humanity.
De tize (d/pou étaiz), v. [De- II. 1.] trans.
To deprive of the character of a poet; also, to
deprive of poetic character; =prec.
1865 Pall Mall G. No. 192. 4/2 The presence of cottages. .
depoetizes the scene. 1886 Atheneum 24 July 117 Such
writing is a relief after reading the men of the decadence,
the pessimists who endeavour to depoetize life for us.
Depois, obs. Sc. form of DEpose.
Depolarize (dépawlarsiz), v. [Dr- II. 1.]
trans. To deprive of polarity ; to reverse or destroy
the effect of polarization.
a. Optics. To change the direction of polarization
of (a polarized ray) so that it is no longer arrested
by the analyzer in a polariscope.
_ 1819 Edin. Rev. XXXII. 180 The light becomes depolar-
ised. J. Scorrern in Orr's Circ. Sc. Chem. 76 The
interposition of the mica must have depolarized the ray.
b. Llectr. and Magn. To deprive of polarity.
Also jig.
1860 O. W. Homes Prof Break/-t. i, To depolarize eve
fixed religious idea in the mind by changing the word whic!
stands for it. 1866 E. Horxins in Atheneum 22 Sept. 369/3
ips iron is hard, and requires to be depolarized like a stee
Hence Depo'larized ///. a., Depo‘larizing vi/.
sb. and ffl. a. Also Depolariza‘tion, the action
or process of depolarizing.
1815 Brewster in Phil. Trans. 20 (title) Experiments on
212
i (dépélaraizar). [-ER!.] That
which depolarizes ; an instrument or apparatus for
- producing depolarization.
1846 Joyce Sei. Dial. xxiii. 336 In this case the thin film
is called a depolarizer. 1894 Daily News 22 May 5/2 Voltaic
combinations with a fused clectrolyte and a gaseous de-
polariser.
pepo (d/pe lif), v. [f. De- I. 1 + Potisn,
after F. dépolir, dépoliss-ant (in Furetiére, 1690).]
trans. To remove the polish from, deprive of polish.
Hence Depo'lished £f/. a.
1873 Tynvat Fragm. Sc. 1. vii. Niagara, Glass may be
depolished by the impact of fine shot. 1875 Ure Dict. Aris
Il. 639 s.v. Gilding, The surface [prepared for gilding]
should now appear somewhat depolished ; for when it is very
smooth, the gold does not adhere so well. 1 Public
Opinion 5 Sept. 305/1 A depolished bow! with cut facets.
Depoliticalize: see Dr- Il. 1.
+ Depolition. Obs. rave—°. [ad. L. dépoli-
tion-em, n. of action from dépolire to polish off.]
1656 Biount Glossogr., Depolition, a polishing, perfecting,
or finishing.
Depone (d/po'n), v. Chiefly Sc. [ad. L. dé-
poncre to lay away or aside, to lay down, put
down, depose, deposit; in med.L. to testify (Du
Cange) ; f. De- I. 1, 2+fdnére to put, place; cf.
Devose v.]
+1. “vans. To lay down (a burden, an office) ;
to deposit. Ods.
1533 Bertenpen Livy iv. (1822) 357 He had causit the
maister of chevelry to depone his office. Foorp in
M. P. Brown Supfi. Dec. 1. 394 (Jam.) Who had deponed
his money in David his hand. a 1843 Soutney /uscriptions
xli, The obedient element Sifts or depones its burthen.
+2. To remove from office ; = DEPOSE v. 3. Ods.
1533 BeLtienpen Livy u. (1822) 106 Gif he .. had deponit
ony of the kingis afore rehersit fra thair empire and king-
dome.
3. To state or declare upon oath: to DEPOSE.
a. with simple object; also t to depone an oath (serment).
1549 Compl, Scot. xv. 136 lunius brutus gart them depone
ane serment that thai suld al concur. 1637-50 Row //ist.
Kirk (1842) 26 He himself hes confessed all that they de-
poned, 1834 H. Minter Scenes & Leg. xxi. (1857) 312 Any
thing they could have to depone anent the spulzie.
b. with clause.
1600 Gowrie's Couspir. in Select. Harl. Misc. (1793) 198
Andrew Hendersoun .. Depones, that the earle enquyred of
him what he would be doing vppon the morrow. 1681
Gianvitt Sadducismus 11. 297 Andr. Martin Servitour to
the Lord of Pollock .. Depones, that he was present in the
house. 1830 Scott Demzonol. viii. 265 Who deponed that he
saw a cat jump into the accused person's cottage window.
1842 Barna /ngol. Leg., Dead Drummer, One Mr. Jones |
Comes forth and depones ‘That fifteen years since he had
heard certain groans.
4. intr. To declare upon oath; to testify, bear
testimony. Also fig.
1640 R. Baitiie Canterd. Self-Convict. 34 Two witnesses
.. deponing before all England to King Tames: 1680 G.
Hickes Spirit of Popery 26 Prosecuted for not deponeing
in the matter of Field-Meetings. 1793 7 rialof Fyshe Palmer
66 He was the more difficulted to depone to the letter, as, etc.
1835 Atison /ist. Europe (1849-50) III. xiv. § 30. 164 He
could not depone to one fact against the accused.
Jig. 1833 CHatmers Bridgewater Treat. 1. i.61 This fact
or phenomenon .. depones strongly both for a God and for
the supreme righteousness of his nature. 1856 Ferrier /nst.
Metaph. 414 We cannot be ignorant of what is deponed to
in the opposites of the axiom.
Deponent (d/panént), a. and sb. [ad. L d-
ponent-em, pr. pple. of deponére (see prec.), spec.
used by the late L. grammarians as in sense i
A. adj. Gram. Of verbs: Passive or middle in
form but active in meaning: originally a term of
Latin Grammar,
Both form and meaning were a reflexive (e. g. u/or
I serve myself, /rvor I delight myself, preficiscor I put
myself forward, etc.), as in the Middle Voice in Greek; as,
however, in ordinary verbs the reflexive form had become a
ss in Latin, these verbs were erroneously regarded as
aving /aid aside or dropped a passive meaning, whence
the name. In reality, what was laid aside, or lost sight of,
was ry eon ip —. [ —
Bg ‘InDALE Obed. Chr. Man (1573) 130 [He] maketh a
wate ive of a verbe deponent. 1669 Mitrox Accedence
Wks. i847) 467/1 Of verbs deponent come participles both
ofthe active and passive form, 1859 DonaLpson Grké. Grame.
§ 433 A deponent verb is one which though exclusively pas-
sive or middle in its inflexions, has so entirely de a or
laid aside its original meaning, that it is used in al P
DEPOPULATE.
Haut Chron. Hen, VIII, an. 6 (R.), The. de-
= sayeth, that on Saturda’ dw Nia choneeer
. he .
pryson. 1621 Exsinc Daieta Ha Lords (Camden) 141 ‘
said Jarvis U. told this d s would pal i:
deponent's flesh from his jawes if he wold not be
to theire wills. 1713 Swirt Poems, Cadenus & V.68 Witness
ready to attest .. ev'ry article was true; Nor furt
those d ts knew. 1803 WetiNcton in Gurw.
II. 493 These depositions do not one word of
i from the service.
pting that the dep
Lecky Lng. in 18th C. Il. vi. 165 Dean Jones himself was
the deponent. ® *
+Deponer. ds. [f. Derone v.+-ER1.] One
aw = DEPONENT sé. 2.
who depones: in Sc,
1600 Sc. Acts Fas. VJ (1814) 203 (Jam.) The Duik of Lennox
F
. .deponis, that. .this deponar for the tyme being in Falkland
..he saw maister Alexander Ruthven [etc.]. State
Trials, Ld, Balmerino 7 June, Before he had e it,he *
sayd to the deponer, Mr. John, I entreat eg [etc.]. 1788
. Loutnian Form of Process ‘ed. 2) 107 That the Pannel’s
resence may over-aw the Deponer.
+ Deponible, z. Os. rare—°. [f. L. type
*déponibilis, {. déponére: see Derone and -BLE.]
Capable of being deposed (from office, etc.).
Hence + Depo:nibi'lity. Obs. rare.
1635 T. Preston Let. in Foley Eng. Province Soc. Fesus
1.1. 257 They intend at Rome .. that deponibility, which is
the _ chief thing denied in the oath, must not be meddled
withal.
+Deponi-tion. Sc. Ods. rare. = DEPOSITION 5.
1492 Act. Dom. Conc. 284 (Jam.) The deponitiouns of the
witnes now takin.
Depoost: see DEpost.
+ Depo‘pulacy. Oés. [f. DeroruLate f//. a.
(see -acy): cf. degeneracy.] Depopulated condition.
16.. Cuarman Batrachom. 405 O Jove, neither She nor I..
can keep depopulacy From off the Frogs!
popularize (dip pivlaraiz), v. [f. De- I.
1 + PopuLarize v.] trans. To deprive of popu-
larity, render unpopular.
1834 Blackw. Mag. XXXVI. 227 Not to d ize a
new-born power pag pera, to strengthen itself. 1849
Grote Greece 11. 1xxii. (1862) VI. 365 But Sparta had not yet
become depopularized. ss § Daily News 3 Le 4 5/7 There
is nothing that tends so much to depopularise a Minister.
Depopulate, ///. a. [ad. L. depopulat-us, pa.
pple. of dépopulare (-dr7), in its med.L. sense.]
Laid waste ; deprived (wholly or partly) of inhabit-
ants. Used +a. as fa. pple. in which use it was at
length superseded by depopulated; . as adj. now
arch, or poet.
a. 1531 Eyor Gov. 1. ii, The kynge of Mede had de-
populate the countrey. 1580 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 377
By spoil of Wars depopulate, destroyed and disgrast.
b 1622 F. Markuam B&, War ut. iv.94 [A] ntry that
is poore and wasted or barren or depopulate. 1737 N. CLarke
Hist. Bible 11. (1740) 127 Locusts, which left the earth as
naked and depopulate. 1818 Suettey Lines Enganean Hills
127 When the sea-mew Flies, as once before it flew, O’er
thine isles depopulate. 1855 Cuamier My Trav, III. ii. 51
The people. .are half starved, badly clothed, and depopulate.
Depopulate (d/pp'pisle't), v. _ [f. ppl. stem of
L. dzpopulare (usually deponent -drz) to lay waste,
ravage, pillage, spoil ; f. De- I. 3 + popudare (-art)
to lay waste, ravage, spoil (f. popu/us people), Zit.
to spread or pour in a multitude over (a region) ;
but in med.L. to spoil of people, depopulate, in
sense associated with the Romanic parallel form
*dispopulare, whence It. despopolare new ete
Sp. despoblar, Pr. despovoar, OF. des-, de-peupler,
now dépeupler, English DisPEoPLE, DEPEOPLE.
+1. “rans. To ravage, plunder, lay waste. -Oés.
1548 Haut Chron. 56 He set furth toward Caen..
latyng the countrey, & destroiyng the villages. 1622
Hen, VII (J.), He turned his arms upon unarmed and
rovided people, to spoil only and e. G.
FrevGanate in Lismore Papers Ser, u. (1888) 1V. The
enemy..robbed..my servants and Depopulated my Ss.
1670 bist ron Hist. Eng. vi. Ethelred, He .. enter’d into
Mercia. . ing all places in their way. 4
2. To deprive wholly or ee of inhabitants ;
to reduce the population of.
1594 Privy Council in Arb. Garner I. 301 Many towns and
villages upon the sea coasts are..wonderfully decayed, and
some et, de a ” Sse — Mt. i, 264.
ik T. Hervert 7rav. 21 i a y depopu-
esti from her panies, by —— from the ish
King. 1690 City Disc. Trade (1694) 50 The late e,
which did much de; late this Kingdom. 1777 WATSON
the maritime
Philip 11 (3839)
like a transitive or neuter verb of the active form. 1871
Goopwin Grk. Gram. (1882) 80 Deponent verbs are those
which have no active voice, but are used in or
passive a with an active sense.
» SO.
1. A deponent verb.
1530 Parser. Introd. 34 All such verbes as be used in the
latin tong, lyke neuters or deponentes. 1612 Brinstey /’es.
Parts (1660) 36 Are Dep and declined like
Passives? ¢1790 Cowrer Comment. on P. L. ii. 506 Wks.
(1837) XV. 320 The verb dissofve in the common use of it is
either active or passive, and we should say, either that the
council dissolved itsel/, or that it was dissolved; but Milton
the Depolarization of Light. 1818 Wuewe t in Todh
here uses it as adeponent. 1871 Goopwin Grk. Gram. ( se
lly have the aorist and future of the
Ace. W.'s Wks, (1876) 1. 31 ‘The neutral and depolarizing
axes. 1860 O. W. Hotmes Prof. Break/.-t. i, Scepticism is
afraid to trust its truths in depolarized words. 1871 B.
Stewart //eat § 193 Forbes was able to prove the circular
polarization and depolarization of heat.
it
middie form.
2. One who deposes or makes a deposition under
oath ; one who gives written testimony to be used
as evidence in a court of justice or for oth
er purpose.
‘a 3 measure, depopulated Europe of its bravest forces.
5 . I
onetsutne and depopulated of both ye hoses. 1611 Car
271 Depopulati:
vy exp n of h . a . ~ a Whs. me I
3390/1 The pestilence which depopulated the cities ly
and ravaged the whole of Europe.
b. ¢transf. and Jf, : ie
T Fe 3 ts ) Lions ail
1607 Torset. /our-/. Beas: yp r[ “ — pod
valleys were. .
Ser. pre | i
Mouths .. and take as much for drawing out an Old Tooth,
etc.); to thin. Obs.
3 soldier-loving Atreus’ son ..
Hiad
lating troops of men. 1798R. P. Tour in Wales
lating troops of 24 MS.)
DEPOPULATION.
The modern spirit of depopulating trees having here left a
gloomy house on a shaven lawn,
-4. inir. To become less populous.
In the first two Soaps prob. for was a-depopulating = was
being depopulated. a 5
{176x Hume Hist. Eng. I. App. iii. 521 The kingdom was
depopulating from the increase of enclosures. 1770 GoLps.
Des. Vill. Ded., An inquiry whether the country be de-
populating or not.] 1882 Stevenson Stud. Men § Bhs. 195
Our Henry Sixth made his Joyous Entry dismally enough
into disaffected and depopulating Paris.
+ 5. trans. ‘Yo destroy, cut off. Obs.
1576 Baker Yewell of Health 215 With this licour may you
depopulate or cut of anymember. 1650 Butwer 4 nthropo-
met. 131 With Depilatories burn up and depopulate the
Genital matter thereof.
Hence Depo‘pulated, Depo'pulating, AA/. ad/s.
1623 SANDERSON Servz, (1637) 143 In these hard and de-
populating times. 1632 Litucow 77av. x. 450 In that narrow
depopulated street. 1643 Prynne Sov. Power Parl. i. 84
‘The Kings Popish depopulating Cavaleers. 1674 R. Goprrry
Inj. & Ab. Physic 7 A depopulating Plague. 1799 J. Ropert-
son Agric. Perth 419 A depopulated, neglected, mountainous
country. 1821 Z.xaminer 1 Apr. 206/2 A depopulating war
was scattering its horrors throughout all Europe.
Hamerton /nted/. Life xu. iii. 448 The depopulated deserts
of Breadalbane.
Depopulation (d/pppirlé-fon). Also 5
-acion. [ad. L. dépopulation-em, n. of action trom
dipopulare (-drt). In ancient L. used in sense
‘devastation, pillaging’; so in French in 1500
(Hatzf.}. . The modern sense in Fr. and Eng. fol-
lows that of DreporuLatE.] The action of de-
populating ; depopulated condition.
+1. Laying waste, devastation, ravaging, pillaging.
Often including the destruction of Jeof/e, and so gradually
passing into 2.
1462 Epw. IV in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. u. I. 127 Warre,
depopulacion, robberye, and manslawghtar. 1543-4 Act 35
Hen. VII/,c. 12 The same Scottes.make. .incurses, inua-
sions, spoyles, burnynges, murders, wastinges and depopula-
tions in this his realme. 1655 FuLLER //7st. Caszb. (1840) 237
The Jewish law provided against the depopulation of birds’
nests. 1665 MANLEY Grotius’ Low C. Warres 68 Committing
Rapes, Murthers, and daily depopulations. 1670 Mitton
Hist. Eng. w. Wks. (1851) 188 The Danes .. infested those
parts with wide depopulation. 1741 J. Lawry in Athenian
Lett. (1792) I1. 44 Amidst tumults, depopulations, and the
alarms oe war. 1816 Byron Ch. Hav. m1. xx, In vain years
Of death, depopulation, bondage, fears, Have all been borne.
2. Reduction of population; depriving of in-
habitants ; unpeopling. In 17th c. esf. the clear-
ance of the peasantry from their estates by the
land-owners.
¢1460 Fortescue Ads. §& Lim. Mon. v, Yo the grete
abatynge of his revenues and depopolacion of his reaume.
1611 SpeeD /Zist. Gt. Brit. u. liv. § 12.189 For the depopu-
lation of the Iland. 1619 Jer. Dyke Counterpoyson (1620)
27 Extortion, inclosures, depopulations, sacriledge, impropri-
ations. 1642 Futer /oly & Prof. St. 1. xiii. 100 He detests
and abhorres all inclosure with depopulation. 1765 GotpsM.
Trav. 402 Have we not seen ..Opulence, her grandeur to
maintain, Lead stern Depopulation in her train. 1892 Daily
News 7 Nov. 6/t Kochag The depopulation panic and the
necessity of keeping up big armies. 1893 G. B. Loncstarr
Rural Depoputlation 1 ‘Depopulation’ is often very vaguely
employed, but here it will be used as denoting a diminution
in the number of the inhabitants of a district, as compared
with those enumerated at a preceding census,
b. The condition of being depopulated or de-
prived of inhabitants.
1697 Drypen Virgil (1721) I. 37 Eighteen other Colonies,
pleading Poverty and Depopulation, refus’d to contribute
Mony. 1721 De Fore Mem. Cavalier (1840) 188 There never
was seen that ruin and depopulation .. which I have seen
.. abroad. 1816 Keatince 77av. (1817) I. 85 Castile and
Arragon realize what strangers are told concerning Spain.
Denudation, depopulation, and desiccation reign throughout
them, 1827 Soutuey Hist. Penins. War 11. 339 The fright-
ful silence of depopulation prevails.
Depo'pulative, a. [f. L. dépopulat- ppl. stem
+-IVE.] Tending to depopulation.
. 1861 J. M. Luptow in Macm. Mag. June 170 The evidence
--goes to show that American slavery is essentially wasteful
and depopulative,
Depopulator (dipp'pisle'tar). [a. L. dépopu-
Jator spoiler, marauder, pillager, agent-n. from
depopulare (-ari).]
+1. A waster, spoiler, devastator. Ods.
©1440 LypG. Secrees 30 Callyd prodigus which is nat honour-
able, Depopulator A wastour nat tretable. 1607 Torset
FourS, Beasts Pref., Bestia, i. a vastando, for that they were
wilde and depopulators of other their associates. 1610 Hot-
LAND Camden's Brit. 1. 427 Those wastfull depopulators did
what they could. .many a time to winne it by siege.
2. One who depopulates a district or country.
In 17th c. esf. one who cleared off the rural popu-
lation from his estates.
1623 T. Scor Highways of God & K.77 The Depopulator
..to inhanse his Rents, puls downe all a petty Tenements
and Farmes, and will haue none dwell neere him. 1626 in
Rushw. Hist. Coll, (1659) I. Be Covetous Landlords, In-
closers, Depopulators. 1642 Futter Holy State 237 (T.
Our puny depopulators allege for their doings the king's an
country’s good. ee Mattuus Popul. 11. ii. (1806) I. 339
Wars, plagues or that greater depopulator than either, a
tyrannical government. 1827 Scotr Nafoleon Introd.,
Collot d’Herbois, the demolisher and di or of Lyons.
De centers, a. rare. [f. ‘as prec. : see
-ORY. aracterized by or tending to depopulation.
1864 G, A. Sata in Daily Tel. 29 Sept., The Richmond
Sentinel calls the depopulatory decree ‘an event un-
1875 ~
|
{
|
|
2138
paralleled in the American war’..‘Sherman’, it continues,
‘has given the war a new feature’,
+ Deport, 54. Obs. [a. OF. deport, desport,
bodily manner of being, joyous manifestation, di-
version, pleasure, in mod.}. défort action of de-
porting oneself; f. deforter, desporter, mod.}.
ages to Drport.]
. Joy, pleasure; = Disport.
©1477 Caxton Fason 33, Alas 7 dere lady all good and
honour cometh of you, and ye be all my deport and fortune.
2. Pehaviour, bearing, deportment.
(The Caxton quotation doubtfully belongs here.)
1474 Caxton Chesse 1. ii. B vb, Whan thys emperours sone
had seen and advertysed her deportes, her countenaunce,
her manere, and her beaulte, he was alle ravysshed and
esprysed with her loue forthwyth. 1665 J. Spencer Vaudg.
Prophecies 22 A Doctrine, which the deport of the Soul,
while a prisoner to its own house, seems a little to encourage.
1667 Mitton P. ZL. 1x. 389 But Delia’s self In gate [she]
surpass’d and Goddess-like deport. 1716 Cisner Love
Makes Man w. i, He seem’d, by his Deport, of France, or
England. 1740 Somervitie //odbinol ut. 172 Her superior
Mien, And Goddess-like Deport. x
Deport (dépoest), v. [In branch I, a. OF. de-
porter (mod.F, dé-), f. de- (Dr- I. 1 or 3) + porter
to carry. In branch IT = mod.F. déportes (1798
in Dict. Acad.), ad. L. déportare to carry off, con-
vey away, transport, banish, f. De- J. 2 + portare
to carry. The two branches are treated by Dar-
mesteter as historically distinct words in French.]
I. +1. trans. To bear with, to be forbearing to-
wards ; to treat with consideration, to spare. Ods.
1474 Caxton Chesse u,v. Dv, Saynt Austyn de ciuitate
dei sayth thus; Thou emperour .. deporte and forbere thy
subgettis. 1481 —- God/rey 18 That ye deporte and honoure
my poure lygnage. . :
42. vefl. To abstain, refrain, forbear. Obs.
1477 Caxton Yason 14b, 1 me deporte from hensforth
for to speke ony more of this mater. 1483 — G de da Tour
Niij b, [1] myght wel haue deported my self of takyng of
thoffyce. 1613 7 rvas. Aunc.& Mod. Times 698/1'To deport
himselfe from any further mollestation of the Christians.
+ b. adsol. in same sense. Cds.
€1477 Caxton Jason 67, I shall deporte and tarye for this
present tyme to speke of the faytes of Jason. 1489 — May'tes
of A. 1.4. 9 To deporte and forbere tempryse warre.
+ 3. trans. ? To raise, lift up. Ods.
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 33/2 Synge ye to hym in deportyng
your voys [ psallite ei in vociferatione).
4. refl. To bear or conduct oneself (with reference
to manner) ; to behave; =CoMPorT v. 3.
1598 Barret 7heor. Warres 1. ii. 11 He shall deporte him-
selfe neither cruell nor couetous. a@ 1661 Futter HWorthies
11. (1662) 239 He so prudently deported himself, that he soon
gained the favour and esteem of the whole Court. 1741
Ricnarpson Pamela (1742) 1V. 62 How to deport myself |
with that modest Freedom and Ease. 1840 Gen. P. ‘THomp-
son Exerc. (1842) V. 38 They always deported themselves
like gentlemen. 1885 Law 77mes 30 May 83/2 Throughout
his career he has deported himself as became The Mac-
dermot.
+b. absol. To behave. Obs. rare.
1667 WatrerHouse Fire Lond. 113 Mercy abused and in-
gratefully deported to.
II. 5. trans. To carry away, carry off, remove,
transport ; esf. to remove into exile, to banish.
a 1641 Br. Mounracu Acts & Aon. (1642) 331 Archelaus.
was..deposed and deported to Vienna. 1 Edin, Rev,
Apr. 237 ‘Trongon Ducoudray..was deported to peyenies
1856 Grore Greece uu. xcv. XII. 377 To.. punish this
sentiment by disfranchising or deporting two thirds of the
citizens. 1886 Manch. Exam. 8 Jan. 6/1 Brushing the snow
and slush into little mounds, from which it was easily col-
lected into carts and deported to the Thames.
Henge Deported f//. a., carried into exile.
@ 1632 Sir D. Carteton in Cadéédala (R.), Better dealing
then was used to the deported House of Saxe. 1880 K.
Jounston Lond. Geog. 88 A very small military force, chiefly
of deported convicts.
+De-porrt, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [f. De- II. 2 +
Port sb.] trans. To deprive of the character of
a port ; to make no longer a port ; to dis-port.
1691 Bevertey Mem. Kingd.Christ 5 Its Constantinoplitan
port shall not be de-ported. .
+ Deportate, v. Ols. rare. [f. ppl. stem of
L. déportare.| trans, To carry or convey away ;
= Deport v. 5.
1599 tr. Gabelhouer's Bk, Physicke 172/1 Akornes which
the mise have deportatede into their domicilles.
+ Deportates, sd. A/. Ods. rave. [cf. med.L.
deportus in same sense (Du Cange), déport des bene-
Jices (Cotgr.). For the form cf. aznates.]. ‘The
first fruits, or one yeres reuenue of vacant benefices
(due vnto the Prince, Patron, or Prelate)’ (Cotgr.).
1532 Address fr. Convoc. in Strype Eccl. Mem. App. xli,
Nothing at al .. should bee exacted in the Court of Rome,
by the reason of letters, bulls, seals, annates. .first fruits, or
deportates, or by whatsoever other title. .they be called.
Yeportation (dzpoitét fon). [ad. L. déporta-
tion-em,n. of action from déportare to carry off,
convey away, transport: see Derorrv. II. Cf F.
déportation (15-16th c. in Hatzf., not in Cotgr.),
the modern common use of which has influenced
that of the English word.]
1. The action of carrying away ; forcible removal,
esp. into exile ; transportation.
* 1595 in Cramond Ann, Banff II. 21 Reservand the tua
pairt to the present Viccare to his death or deportatione.
&
ceede unto the sentence of his deposall.
DEPOSE.
160g G. Powrt Refut. Epist. Puritan Papist 112 Banish-
ment. .among the Romanes was 3-fold, Interdiction, Relega-
tion, and Deportation. 1633 Br. Hatt Hard Texts Ezek.
i, 2 The first deportation into Babylon. 1726 Ayuire:
Parergon 15 An Abjuration, which is a Deportation for
ever into a foreign nd, was antiently with us, a civil
Death. 1860 Sat. Rev. X. 510/2 Wholesale deportations to
Cayenne. 1862 Mrriva.e Rom, Emp. (1865) VI. liv. 443 The
mass of the Jewish residents .. had been more than once
swept away by general edicts of exile or deportation. 1877
C. Geikis Christ xxxi, (1879) 364 After the deportation of
the ten tribes to Assyria.
4 2. Deportment. Aseedo-archaism.
1616 J. Lane Cont. Sgr.’s 7. 1x. 144 The vulgar admira-
tion Stoode stupified att Horbills deportation.
+DBeporta'tor. Ols. rare. [agent-n. in L.
form from L, aéfortdre to Devort.] One who
deports or transports.
1629 T. Avams Serm. Heb, vi. 8 Wks. 1058 Oppressors,
Inclosers, Depopulators, Deportators, Depravators.
Deportment (d/po-stmént). [a. OF. deporte-
ment (mod.F. dé-), f. OF. deporter to Deport.]
1. Manner of conducting oneself; conduct (of life) ;
behaviour. Oéds. or arch. in general sense.
1601 Br. W. BArtow Defence 206 Heretickes will bee ex-
ceeding holy, both in the deportment of their life, and in [ete.].
1603 Knoiies Hist. Turks (1621) 1255 The honor and the
shame that was to ensue unto them, by the different deport-
ment of themselves in this action. 1637-50 Row //ist. Kirk
(1842) 385 This Antichristian deportment, How unlike it is
to the Cariage of Christ’s Apostles. 1719 Younc Revenge
v.i, She forgives my late deportment to her. 1839 YEowELL
Anc. Brit. Ch. xiii. (1847) 150 Luidhard. .whose saintly de-
portment reflected a lustre on the faith which he professed.
tb. pi. Obs. (Cf. manners, ways.)
1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 499 By his deportments
and carriage in all actions. 1665 G. Havers 7’. della Valle's
Trav. E. (India 26 Vhe King..was slain for his evil deport-
ments. 1751 SMoLLetT Per. Pic. xxiii, He humbled his de-
portments before her.
2. Referring to merely external manner: Carriage,
bearing, demeanour, address.
1638 Six T. Hersert 7'raz, (ed. 2) 150 The bridge was
full of women. .many of them in faire deportment unmasqued
their faces. 164x Brome You. Crew 1. Wks. 1873 IIL. 360
Provided your deportment be gentile. 1689 SHADWELL Bury
Fo, His air, his mien, his deportment charm'd me so. 1761
Cuurcuitt Rosctad Wks. 1767 I. 29 What’s a fine person or
a beauteous face, Unless deportment gives them decent
grace? 1881 Dasly 7el. 27 Dec., In the character of ..a
dancing-master, in which capacity he gives a comical lesson
in deportment. i .
fig. The manner in which a substance acts
under particular conditions ; ‘ behaviour’.
1830 Herscner Stud. Vat. Pil. 38 The identity of their
deportment under similar circumstances. 1863 Tyxpatt,
Heat v. 146 This is illustrated by the deportment of both
ice and bismuth on liquefying.
Hence Depo'rtmented ///.a. (once-wid.), taught
deportment.
1861 J. Pycrorr Agony Point 1. 209 Frenched, and
musicked, and deportmented. ;
+Deportract, v. Obs. rare.» [f. De- (as in
next) + portract var. of PortiAlt v.] = next.
1611 Sree //ist. Gt. Brit. 1x. viii. 26 Whose Image was
erected in a stately seat, wherein before the Trinitee was
deportracted.
+ Deportray’, v. Ods. [f. Dr- (as in depaint,
describe) + PoRTRAY v.] trans. To portray, depict.
1611 SPEED Hist, Gt. Brit. v. vii. § 13. 42 The Picture of
this British woman here last deportraied.
[Deporture, in Jodrell and mod. Dicts., error
for departure: see List of Spurious Words.)
‘Beposable (dipo«zab'l), a. Also 7 -ible. ff.
DEPOSE v.+-ABLE.] That may be deposed ; liable
to be deposed.
1643 Prynne Sov, Power Parl. ut. 117 Kings .. deposible
at the peoples pleasures. c 1645 Howett Lett. I. 1v. viii,
Keepers of the Great Seal, which, for ‘Title and Office, are
deposable. 1849 Blackw. Mag. UXVI. 338 One of themselves,
elected by themselves, deposable by themselves.
Deposal (d/pédzal). Also 5 depoisale, de-
posayle, -ayll, 6-7 -all. [prob. a. AFr. deposaille,
f. déposer to DEPOSE: see -AL 5, and cf. désposal.]
The act of deposing from office ; deposition.
1397 Rolls of Parit. II1. 379/1 It was communed and
spoken in manere of deposal of my liege Loord. ¢1470
Harpinc Chron. civil. iv, By depoisale and playne corona-
cion. 1568 Grarron Chron. IL. 405 (Rich. 11) It was be-
hovefull and necessary for the weale of the realme to pro-
1631 J. Burces
Answ. Rejoined 220 The places voyded by the deposall of
inconformable Ministers. 1855 Mirman Lat. Chr. (1864)
IX. xiv. i. 7 All the acts of John XXIII till his deposal
were the acts of the successor of St. Peter.
+Deporse, si. 06s. Also 5 depos, Sc. depois.
[£ Depose z.] ; :
1. The state of being laid up or committed to
some one for safe keeping; custody, keeping,
_ charge; concr. that which is so laid up, a deposit.
1393 Gower Con/. I. 218 For God .. Hath set him but a
litel while That he shall regne upon depose. ¢1430 Lyne.
Bochas 1. xxii. (1554) 58 b, The sayd herd. .[and} His wyfe
..This yong child toke in their depos. ¢ 1440 Promp, Parv.
119 Depose, depositum. 1488 Znv. in Tytler Hist. Scot,
(1864) II. 390 The gold and silver .. jowellis and uther stuff
. that he had in depois the tyme of his deceis.
2. Deposition from office or authority.
1gsq Ferrers in Mirr. Mag., Rich. 1/ vii, To helpe the
Percyes plying my depose.
DEPOSE,
De
F, tath c. in Littré), f. De- I. 1 + poser to
ar: v. Also 6 Sc. depois. [a. |
7
}
place, put down:—Rom. fosdre=late L. pausdre
to cease, lie down, lay down, etc.: see Posx, Re-
rosk. Through form-association with inflexions
of L, pondre, posui, positum, and contact of sense,
this -foser came to be treated as synon’ with
OF. -pondre (:-L. ponere) and took its place in
the compounds, so that dfoser is now instead
of OF, , L. dépondre to depose, and associ-
ated in idea with deposit, deposition, depositor, etc.,
which had no original connexion with depose.]
1. trans. To lay down, wad down (anything
material); to Deposit. arch.
e1420 Pallad, on //usb. xi. 460 Take leves .. of Citur tree
.. And into must .. , and close or faste it closed se.
1§26 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 223b, Saynt Peter &
Saynt Paule.. by martyrdome deposed there the tabernacles
bodyes. 16ar B. Jonson Gypsies Metamorph.,
Face ofa rose, | pray thee depose Some small piece of silver.
1658 Siz IT. Browne Hydfriot. 33 The ashes of Sacrifices ..
were carefully carried out by ib
clean field. he Prior Sedomon 1. 607 The youthful Band
itt'ring Arms.. 1855 Micman Lat. Chr. (1864)
| Scor //igi
de their g
ih vi. iii. 419 A paper which he sclemnly deposed on the |
high altar.
+b. To put, lay, or place (somewhere) for safe
keeping ; to place ip il in some one's charge.
I Sruspes Amat, Adus. u. (1882) 18 We must depose
and lay foorth ourselues, both bodie, and goods, life, and
time. .into the hands of the prince. a 1612 Donne Bia@avaros
(1644) 108 [Josephus] sayes, our Soule is, particnla Dei,
and deposed and committed in trust to us. 1750 CARTE
Hist. Eug A. 643 | He) left them [writings] in the monastery
where they had been deposed.
te. Of tluids: To deposit (as a sediment), Oés.
1758 Huxnam in PAL. Trans. 1, 524 The urine was. .turbid,
and .. deposed a great deal of lateritious sediment. 1816
Accum Chem. Jests (1818) 246 A blue precipitate will be
deposed.
+2. fg. To put away, lay aside (a feeling, quality,
character, office, etc.). Ods.
1526 Pilger. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 73 Depose or put from
you the olde man. .and be ye renewed in the spiryte of your
mynde. 1620 Vennex J fa Necta vii. 139 Being sodden ..
they depose all their hurt. 1628 Honses Thucyd. u. Ixv,
They deposed not their anger till they had fined him in a
sum of money. 1677 Gort. Venice 50 ‘The General .. can
hardly bring oe
easily keep.
3. To put down from office or authority ; esf. to
put down from sovereignty, to dethrone. (The
earliest and still the prevailing sense.)
€ 1300 A’. Adis. 7822 Theo kyng dude him [a justise] anon
depose. ¢1470 Haan Chron, cxcvi, The parliament then
for his misgouernaunce Deposed him [Richard II}. x
Coverpace Dan. vy. 20 He was deposed from his kyngly
trone, and his magesty was taken from him.
Chron. 11. 157 The Aldermen that before were deposed,
were agayne restored to their wardes and office. 1651
Hossrs Leviath, 1. xl. 254 In deposing the High Priest ..
they deposed that peculiar Government of God. 1718 Lavy
M. W. Montacu Left. 10 Mar., The late emperor .. was
deposed by his brother. x Macautay /ist. Eng. 1. 2
Shortly after the battle of Hastings, Saxon prelates an
abbots were violently deposed. 1856 Froupe //ist. Eng.
61858) I. ii. 108 Sir ‘thomas More .. declared as his opinion
that parliament had power to depose kings if it so pleased.
b. gen. To put down, bring down, lower (from
a position or estate). Oés. exc. as fig. from prec.
1377 Lanot. P. #4. B. xv. 514 Rizt so 3e clerkes for 3owre
coueityse, ar longe, Shal pei .. 30wre pryde depose. 3
Caxton Gold. Leg. 77/3, 1 that am an only sone to my fader
and moder I shold depose theyr olde age with heuynes and
sorow to helle. 1671 Mitton ?. A. 1. 413 He before had
sat Among the prime in splendour, now deposed, Ejected,
emptied, 1873 Hoitann 4. Bonnic. xviii. 281, | had never
seen Mrs. Belden so thoroughly deposed from her self-
possession. ;
+4. a. To take away, deprive a person of (au-
thority, etc.) ; also to remove (a burden or obliga-
tion; opp. to éfose). Obs.
1393 Gower Conf. IIL. 200 In sory plite .. he lay, The
corone on his hede deposed. 1593 Sans. Rich. //, 1. i. 192
You may my Glories and my state depose, But not my
Griefes, still am I King of those. 1617 Moryson /#in. ui.
1y. iii. 195 Princes know well to impose exactions, and know
not how to them. ‘ A
tb. To divest, deprive, dispossess (a person of
something that enhances). Oés.
1ss8 Knox First Blast (Arb.) 29 If a king shulde depose
himself of his diademe or crowne and royal estat. 1606
bn Swlcpcocenl a. — Ke Fe was content to
e se such a trouble as to be a soueraigne.
eg of that Ring, ma
preposterous to
would Sesala haaanieoe of their Heredhaxy Rights.
5. To testify, bear witness; to testify to, attest ;
esp. to give evidence upon oath in ‘a court of law,
to make a deposition.
a. techn.
augue Chester PL, (Stake Bees nop And Liyade
a c er . Ss. .) 20
Se we iit depose.
borne And that wi
pe eth Sth ny Tomeelp eae
vpon a book. @ Bacon (J.), To depose the yearly rent
or of lands. i ae oe See
much deposes ; them in their turn, 1873 WNING
Red Cott. Nt.-cap 1347 And what discretion proved, I find
At Vire, d by his own words.
selt to depose an Authority that he can so | (1647) 225 S. Cyprian is the man whom I would choose. .to
| effecteth his labours.
| dexterity should —
¢ Priests, and deposed in a |
214
(4) with o6/. clause (or 067. and Kory:
16a Child- Marriages (E. ¥..T.S.)106 They cold not depose
her to be Of honest name. 1602 T. Firznexserr fol. 20a,
[He] offred to depose that he knew that one of the prisoners
-.Was otherw
here then was . in his inditement. ax715
Burnet Own 7ime 11. 396 The earls of Clare,
and some others .. deposed what Lord Howard } i
x80a Mar. Encewortn Jorad 7°. 1816) 1. bo The workman
- deposed, that he carried the. .Vase..to the furnace. 1871
Mortey Voltaire (1836) 231 It was deposed that La Barre
and D'Etallonde had passed within thirty yards of the
procession without removing their hats.
(c) intr. (for or against a person, fo (+ for) or against a
thing or fact.
¢€ 1400 [see Deposinc vd. sd. 2.)
1942-3 Act 34-5 Hen. V/11, c. 1 Other witnes. .of as good
- credence as those be whiche deposed oquient them. ax
Kincrsayit Wan's Est. xi, (1580) 74 Pilate could not but
thus depose for his innocence, sayin; , 1 finde no faulte in
hym. S83 Suaks, 3 Hen, V7, 1. i, a Then seeing ‘twas he
that ¢ you to depose, Your Oath .. is vaine. 1623 T.
» God 57 The honest Heathen or Turke, for
whose truth the Christian dares depose. 1842 D'Isxanut
<imen, Lit, (1867) 416 He dreaded lest the spectators of his
against his own witchcraft. 1848
Mrs. Gaskett J/, Sarton xix, The shot, the finding of the
body, the subsequent discovery of the gun, were rapidly de-
posed to. 1862 Mrs. H. Woop .Wrs, Haillid. in. x, He
deposed to having fastened up the house at eleven o'clock.
'b. gen. To testify, bear witness, affirm, assert.
1529 Mokr Dyadoge ut. Wks. 211/2 ‘Than should either the
newe proues depose the same that the other did before, or
cls thei shoulde depose the contrary. 1634 W. ‘Tirwnyr tr.
Balsac’s Lett, Pret. A b, [I] have knowne the Author from |
both our infancies, and ..can depose in what fashion he
1662 Everyn Chadcogr. 11 We shall
| not with Epigenes in Pliny, depose that this Art had its
1568 GkArTON
| i eee ofa
a 1660 Hammonp /WVés, I. 1. 677 (R.) It seems your church
i faithful a jan of her deposi Roser
being from Eternity. a@ 1840 J. H. Newman Parock, Serum.
Rom, iv. 23 When our memory deposes otherwise.
+c. To promise formally upon oath; to swear
fo do something». Oés.
x610 in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1883) 1. 122 You shall
depose to be true liege man unto the Queene’s Majestie.
+ 6. causally. To examine on oath, to take the
evidence or deposition of; to cite as a witness,
call to give evidence. (Cf. fo swear a witness.)
fass, To give evidence, testify, bear witness. Oés.
1862 fit 5 “Léizs.c.9 $5 No Person..so convicted --to be
.. received as a Witness to be deposed and sworn in any
Court. 193 Suans. Nich. //, 1. lil, 30, 1623 MAssincek
Dk. Milan w.i, Grant thou hadst a thousand witnesses To
be deposed they heard it. 1642 Jer. Tavtor A pisc. xxxvi.
depose in this cause. 1g7ax Srrvre Aecd. Alem. M1. ix. 69
‘The said bishop got leave for certain of the clergy to be
deposed on his behalf. , ot
+ 7. To set, put, or Jay down in writing. Ods.
1668 Excellency of Pen & Pencil Aiij, This little Tract ..
where the requisites for Limning in Water-Colours are de-
posed .. the Colours particularly nominated [etc.]}. 1698
Pil, Trans, XX. 287, 1 put here the Differences by me
computed .. and deposed according to the Order of the
Excesses, i
Deposed d/powzd), ppl. a. [f. Derosr v. +
-ED ',) Put down from office or authority.
1ssa Hirort, Deposed, adactus, depositus, ry toner
1790 Burke /r. Rev. 124 A dep&ed tyrant. 1864 Burton
Scot Aér. 1, ii, 100 ‘The families who had lost their estates
adhered to the old title with the mournful pride of deposed
monarchs,
Deposer (d/pd«-za1). [f. Depose v. + -ER 1.)
1. One who deposes or puts down another from
office or authority.
1639 R. Bawwie Let. in Macdonald Covenanters Moray &
Xess (1875) L. 23 A deposer of godly ministers, 1699 Bentriey
Phad. 45 One of Phalaris's Deposers.
2. One who deposes or makes a statement on
oath; a deponent.
1581 State Prials, E. Campion \R.), To be duly ex®nined
- Whether they be true and their deposers of credit,
(d/pézin), vdd. sd. [-1nG 1.) The
action of the verb Drvoss ; deposition.
1. Putting down from authority.
1480 Caxton Chrva, Ehy, cexliii. (i482) 285 After the de-
posynge of kyng Rychard. 1548 Hatt Chron. 15 When
newes of kyng Ri Pe, pre reported. ¢ 1630
Rispon Surv. Deven § 68 (1810) 65 deposing of the lord
mayor. Hattam Const. ist. (1876) U1, xiv, 100 The
deposing of kings was branded as the worst birth of popery
attrib, W6a Fesuit's Reasons (1675) 117 The Popes de-
posing power. 1827 Hattam Const, //ist. (1876) 1. ili, 147
A few .. disclaimed the deposing power of the Roman see.
2. Giving testimony on oath.
ex400 Lell. 6 Noyber be ing of be witnes, nor
b. spec. A sum of money deposited in a bank
usually at interest.
3753 Hanway 7 rav, (1762) IT. 1. vii. 35, No coin or specte
+18
paid out again, unless in cases 1855
Macautay /ist, Eng. 1V. 493 The bank of >:
had receive deposits and
to another person's charge as a pledge for the per-
formance of some contract, in part payment of a
Ching pewtiiated, xtc.
‘emmon Sense (1738) 1. 151 What is not subject to
Chance is f i ates ;. it is a_ mere De-
i x cx London 1V, 262 The
ium, and xos,
brick h x oe Ann West ine ut, iii, Not ..
n et gw posit in my hands for so trifling a
pagar . Birxeeck Yourn. Amer. 37 With this
may pay the first deposit on farms of eighty or a hundre<
acres. 2858 Lp. Sr, Leonarps Handy bk, Prop. Law vii.
42 Where the deposit is iderable, and it is probable that
the purchase may not be completed for a time. |
2. The state of being deposited or p' in safe
keeping; in phr. on, upon (tin) —
gs agra Consid, war with Spain, They had the other
day the Valtoline, and now have put it in deposite. 1701
C, L¥rrecron in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. IV. 220 The king’s
body is here at the English Benedictines in deposit, there
to be kept .. till they can have an opportunity to send him
to Westminster to be buried. 1866 Crome Sanking i. 19
No interest being allowed by [the Bank of England] for
money that is placed there upon deposit. 1883 7'imes 10
July 4 The sum to be paid into Court, and invested or placed
on deposit for the benefit of the infant.
3. Something deposited, laid or thrown down;
a mass or layer of matter that has subsided or been
precipitated from a fluid medium, or has collected
in one place by any natural process.
In Geol., any mass. of material ry pr by aqueous
agency, or precipitated from solution by chemical action.
la A/ining, an accumulation of ore, esp. of a somewhat
casual character, as when occurri in ‘pockets’, In
Llectro-plating & Electro-typing, the of metal deposited
by galvanic action upon the ex nd or surface.
1781 Cowper Charity 249 ‘The swell of pity .. throws the
en sands, A rich deposit, on the lands. x
Ruwas Min, 1. 469 We now eee ae ple os
1836 Maccu.uveay tr. Humboldt's Trav. vi. 80 Covered
with recent deposites of sai clay,
Rotteston Anim. Life 32 A mem!
of fat, 1872 Yeats Growth Comm. 39 The le
posit of the Nile. fod. Rich deposits of gold found in
South Africa. ae i AM
4. The act of depositing, laying down, placing in
| safe keeping, cte.: cf. prec. senses, and various
senses of Deposit v.
41773 Cuesterr. H’ks. (1779) 1V. App. 50 My solemn deposit
of the truth. 1794 Lo. Aucktanp Cer. (1862) IIL. 273 For
ise and effects.
the deposit of all kinds of .. ise 1823
end
ont
— place. 184: age N. preg i G
‘9 This cemetery or place of deposite t
89 This ete: nied bai
J. Bapcock Dom, Autusem, 151 A deposit.of white
Wharton Law Lex., Deposit ..a of
| to be kept for the bailor without recompence, and to be
returned when the bailor shall require it. 1861 W. Bet
+ Deposit is
gs of > on
"6. A place where things are deposited or stored ;
i Us.)
a receipt for anything deposited, sfec. one given
Copeaililt
oney
a specified rate of interest for a fixed time.
1795 Soutney Lett. /r. Spain (1808) IL. 216 The bodies
soon after death are eS
i beside the of other to restore the
a deg gee
at stated rates
pe sentens 3euing of be jugs, be in exif makip a, eg Fate
1§80 Hottyaann 7 reas, fr. Tong, Deposition de t
a deposing of witnesses.
% (dipprzit), sd. Also 7-9 deposite.
[ad. L. déposttum, that which is put down, any-
Ging deposited or para a safe hopping,
a it, sb. use of neuter of défositus, pa. pple.
of in : see Devrong, Devose.]
1. Something laid up in a place, or committed to
person, for safe keeping. Also fig.
“S*>
t (dépp:zit), v. Also 7 deposite. [a.
obs. F. depfosifer * to lay downe as a +. tocom-
mit vnto the keeping or trust of Poi):
med.L. dépositire to deposit, FS ;
used in med.L. to represent OF, ny ;
1. ¢rans. To lay, put, or set down; to plate in
"apap Foesce ie doreobiedee
‘ones XU, C >
L. Rircute Wand. by Loire 196 We deposit
in the stern of a boat. Hawrtnorne Fr. § /¢.
DEPOSIT.
Frnls, (1872) 1, 2 At Folk we were dep data
reilway station, 1891 Law Reports Weekly Notes 120/1
‘The defendants. .damaged the plaintiff’s land by depositing
thereon dredgings from the river.
b. To lay (eggs).
1692 Bentiey Boyle Lect. iv, He..observed that no other
species were produced, but of such as he saw go in and de-
posit their eggs there. 1774 Gotpsm. Wat. //ist, (1776) VII.
22 She flies to some neighbouring pool, where she deposites
er eggs. 1 Bewick Brit. Birds (1847) 1. 268 The
author could never of the Cuckoo deposited in
nd the ort
any nest but in that of a Lark. 1834 M*Murrteie Curier's
Anim. Kingd. 34 These Insects .. deposit in the ground a
great number of eggs.
¢, Said of the laying down of substances held in
solution, and of similar operations wrought by
natural agencies: to form as a natural deposit.
1671 Grew Anat. Plants 1. i. § 48 (1682) 10 The greater
and grosser part of the Sa =~ be .. deposited into those
[leaves]. 1794 Suttivan View Nat. 1. 54 The vapours. .de-
positing ..a slimy substance mixed with sulphur and salts.
1878 Huxiey Physiogr. 53 The evaporation of any dew that
may have been deposited. /A/d. 143 (The water] deposits
more or less of the matter which it holds in suspension.
Jig. 1818 Jas. Mit. Brit. India 1. u. vii. 302 Society, as
it refines, deposits this [grossness] among its other impuri-
ties. 1877 L. Totremacue in Fortn. Rev, Dec. 855 A myth
[may be] deposited from a misunderstood téxt.
d. intr, To be laid down or precipitated, to
settle. rare.
[In its origin app, like ‘the house is building’ (for a-bi/d-
ing)=‘ being built’.)
7 Brewster Nat. Magic vi. (1833) 155 Moisture might
be iting in a stratum of one density. 1845 Dar-
win Voy, Nat. vi. (1873) 109 When the great calcareous
formation was depositing beneath the surrounding sea. 1873
E. Spon Workshop Receipts \. 198/2 When no more silver
deposits on the copper, the operation is completed.
+ 2. fig. (trans.) To lay aside, put away, give
up; to lay down (one’s life, etc.). Ods.
1646 Sir J. Tempe /rish Rebell. 14 Animosities. .seemed
now to be quite deposited and buried in a firm conglutina-
tion of their affections. 1682 Address a Barnstaple in
Lond. Gaz, No. 1712/4 We are so far from any thought of
.. impairing .. the Grandeur of this... Monarchy, that we
will rather deposite our Lives in aggrandizing it. 1749
Fiecoinc Tom Yones 1. x, Vhough .. his countenance, as
well as his air and voice, had much of roughness in it, yet
he could at any time deposite this, and appear all gentleness
and good-humour. 1804 A/in‘ature No. 21 ®3 When stripped
of the buskin, he necessarily deposits his dignity.
8. To place in some repository, to commit to the
charge of any one, for safe keeping; spec. to place
(apne) in a bank at interest.
1659 B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 277 (He] had .. de-
posited his wife in the hands of that most vertuous Prin-
cesse, the Cardinall Infanta. 1735 Berkrtey Querist § 44
The silver supposed to be dep d in the bank. 1799 J.
Rosertson Agric. Perth 365 Into this island, in times of
danger, the inhab dep d their most valuable effects,
to secure them from plunder. 1815 W. H. Irevanxp Scribdleo-
mania 190 The Egyptian stone relic deposited in the British
Museum, 1872 Geo. Exvior Middlem. xxiii, Fred had taken
the wise step of depositing the eighty pounds with his
mother,
b. To place in the hands of another as a pledge
for the performance of some contract, in part pay-
ment of a purchase, ete.
1624 Massincer Part. Loven. i, Let us to a notary, Draw
the conditions, see the crowns deposited. in Scott
Peveril xi. note, Euery person that puts in either horse,
mair, or gelding, re mn the sume of fiue shill.
apiece, 1714 Lapy M. W. Monrtacu Lett. to W. Montagu
(1887) I. 89 The best way, to deposit a certain sum in some
friend’s hands, and buy some little Cornish borough. 1816
Keatixce Trav. (1817) 11. 70 In making agreement for hire
of cattle the money was required to be deposited.
ec. fig.
1634‘ Kxorr’ net ii. §24 The Apostles
have. .deposited in her [the Church], as in a rich storehouse,
all things belonging to truth. 1671 Mitton Samson 429 To
violate the sacred trust of silence Deposited within thee.
1739 Butter Serm., Matt. xxiv. 14 Christianity is ..a trust,
deposited with us in behalf of others. .as well as for our own
instruction. 1837 pi: H. Newman Par. Serm. (ed. 3) 1. ix.
136 You will be depositing your good feelings into your
heart, and they will spring up into fruit.
+d. Tocommit, entrust (fo a person). Ods. rare.
1733 Swirt Advice Freemen Dublin, Some employments
are still deposited to persons born here.
4. absol. To make or pay a it. rare,
1799 Piece of Fam. Biog. 11. 102 He bid, ‘twas knock’d
down to him, he deposited, and it was sent home.
Hence Depo'sited f//. a., Depositing vd/. sh.
and ffi. a.
Decay Chr. Piety xix. 3 The greater difficulty will
Pisa 8 perswade the depositing of those lusts. a 1693
Urqunart Rabelais ut. xxxiv. 285 That deposited Box.
1842 H. Mirren O. &. Sandst. xiv. 301 The is: ging: Lew
depositing agents, 1862 M. Horxins Hawasi 420
upon a deposited substratum of rock. ¢ 1865 G. Gortin Circ.
Sc. 1. 215/2 The depositing Is [in plating] are
made of various materials.
Deposit, obs. Sc. form of deposed (DEPOSE v.).
Depositable (dtprzitab’l), a. rare. [f. Dz-
POSIT Y.+ -ABLE.] That may be Gonenie
1807 W. Tavtor in Ann. Rev. V. 196 Notes at hand at a
long date, which, if not negotiable, are depositabl
Depositary (dippzitari), sb. [ad. L. dzpositari-
us-one who receives or makes a deposit, F. d/-
positaire (14-15th c. in Hatzf.); f. L. dzposit- ppl.
stem of déponere (DEPONE, DEpcsE): see -ary 1.
|
|
215
Often confounded with Drposirory, when that is
used of a person, or this of a thing.] |
1. A person with whom anything is lodged in
trust; a trustee; one to whom anything (material
or immaterial) is committed or confided. In Law,
a bailee of personal property, to be kept by him
for the bailor without recompense.
1605 Suaks. Lear i. iv. 254, | gaue you all, Made you my
Guardians, my Depositaries. 1712 Appison Spect. No. 495
P10 They [Jews]. .are the Depositaries of these. . Prophecies,
19772 Funius Lett, Ded., Lam the sole depositary of my own
secret, and it shall perish with me. 1850 Mes. a
Leg. Monast. Ord, \ntrod. (1863) 17 The Evangelists and
Apostles are still enthroned as the depositaries of truth.
1853 C. Bronte Villette xviii, I have never been the de-
positary of her plans and secrets. 1864 H. Ainswoutn John
Law 1. iv, Voisin was induced .. to deliver up the codicil to
the king’s will, of which he was the depositary. :
2. A place or receptacle in which something is
deposited; =Deposirory 3.
1797 Gopwin Enquirer. v.31 Trooks are the depositary
of every thing that is most honourable to man, 1860 Maury
Phys. Geog. Sea § 466 Vhe ocean then is the great depositary
of everything that water can dissolve and carry down from
the surface of the continents. ye H. Atxnswortn Zower
Hill. x, Used. .as a depositary for State records,
Depositary, a. rare. [f. DEPOSIT sh, +-ARnY 1]
1. Geol. Belonging to or of the nature of a deposit.
(Cf. sedimentary. |
1839 Murcuison S/lur. Syst. 1. xx. 259 Before the beds
entirely recover their natural depositary ch ters. hid.
1, xxxv. 468 The other trap rocks of this district, instead of
having a depositary character, have all been intruded.
2. Receiving deposits: said of a bank.
1886 Rept. Sec. of Treasury 88 (Cent. Dict.) A number of
failures have taken place among the depositary banks.
+ Depo'sitate, ///. a. Sc. Obs. ba med.L,
dépositat-us, pa. pple. of dépositare.] Veposited.
1723 Wodrow Corr, (1843) 111. 86 His corpse is depositate
within. 1756 Mrs. Catperwoon Fru. (1284) 79% Vhe skill-
ing being first depositate in a neutrall person’s hand.
+ Depositate,v. Ods. [f. ppl. stem of med.L.
dépositare to Deposit; or f. obs. F. defositer : see
-ATE3 7.) =DeEposit v.
1618 Naunton in Fortescue Papers 65 What teares and
complaints he depositated in my bosome. 1650 HoweLt
Masanicllo 1, 102 All the furniture and goods tha
there depositated. 1782 A. Monro Anat, 13 ‘Whe Mz
is. .depositated in these cells.
Depositation (di/pyzitZ-fon). 2 a y Se. [n.
of action f. med.L. déposttare to Devosir: see
ges! The action of depositing ; a deposit.
1622 Matynes Anc. Law-Merch. 316 Forbidding any
execution, depositation of moneys, or other courses of justice
to be done thereupon. 1707 /nvent. Kk. Wardr. (1815) 331
(Jam.) The delivery of the Kegalia of Scotland hy the Earl
Marischal, and their depositation in ..the castle of Edin-
burgh. 1754 Exsnine Princ. Sc. Lat (1804) 228 Deposita-
tion is a contract, by which one who has the custody of a
thing committed to him (the depositary), is obliged to restore
it to the depositor. 1806 Fousytu Beauties Scotl. M11. 205
A spontaneous depositation of ochre. 1833 Act 3-4 W/L.
/V,c. 46 $ 82 To deposit the same with the procurator fiscal
.-who shall..grant a certificate of such depositation. 1847
Ln. Cockeurn Frul. Il. 167 No such stream can pass
through the soil of a good mind without enriching it Ly its
de itations. 1861 [see Devosrr sh. 4}.
De tee (d/pgzitz). [f Deposit v.+-KE:
correlative to depositor.) A person with whom
something is deposited or placed in charge.
1676-7 Hare Contempl. 1. (1629) 165 Thou art but an ac-
countant, a steward, the Depositee of what thou hast received.
1891 Law Times' Rep. LXIII. 693/2 The deposit of this
lease gave the depositee a right to its possession. :
‘tion (dipozi‘fan, dep-). Also 5 -ycion,
5-7 -icion, 6 -icyon. [a. OF. defosition, also
desp- (12th c. in Hatzf.), ad. L. déposition-em, n. of
action from déponére: see Deposx. Used as the
noun of action from defone, depose, and deposit.)
I. The action of putting down or deposing.
1. The taking down of the body of Christ from
the cross ; a representation of this in art.
(Cf. L. déponere in Vulgate, Mk. xv. 46, Luke xxiii. 53.]
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 206 b, The maner of . .
his or takynge downe from the crosse. 1848
Mrs. Jameson Sacr. & Leg. Art (1850) 217 In the Descent or
Deposition from the cross, and in the i comin Mary
Magdalene is generally conspicuous. 1859 Juruson Britfany
viii. 118 The res..represent the Judgment of Pilate, the
Bearing the the Deposition, the E b
the
irrection.
+2. The action of laying down, laying aside, or
putting away (e. g. a burden) ; wenn le Obs.
1577 Furxe Confut. Purg. 116 The da ristian mens
so pants Hees eBay raed
As it were, t = 4
Gen Whetiet tae aiede te o@'er Att enved nel abet
1616 Cutaruan Hymne to Apollo pete sit ye here .. nor
deposition navall arms Hagtiey Observ.
Manu. iv. 4oz The Soul is reduced to a state of Inactivity
by the Deposition of the gross ¥
+3. Surg. ‘Old term for d ing of the
lens in the operation of couching’ (Syd. Soc.
poe Obs.
. The action of deposing or putting down from
a position of dignity or authority; degradation,
dethronement. <
Rolls of Parlt. U1. If {t evere be adher-
ion to Recher that was pel nap deer in counsel,
DEPOSITOR.
helpe, or comfort agayns that deposition. 14 tr. igden
(Rolls) I, 283 After the d ice of kynge Hildericus, 1548
Hatt Chron, Introd. 8 To resigne .. all the homages and
fealties dewe to him as kyng.. But er this deposicion was
executed [etc,]. 1660 R. Coxe Power & Subj. 150 Henry
the Fourth his unjust usurpation, and deposition of. . Richard
the Second. 1726 Avurry Parergon 206 Vhe word Depo-
sition properly signifies a solemn depriving of a Man of He
Clerical Orders by the way of a Sentence, 1858 Fuoupy
Hist. Feng. \MN. xv. 287 Kings are said to find the step a
short one from deposition to the scaffold.
5. The giving of testimony upon oath in a court
of law, or the testimony so given; sfec. a state-
ment in answer to interrogatories, constituting evi-
dence, taken down in writing to be read in court
as a substitute for the production of the witness.
1494 Fanvan Chron. vit. 334 Mychaell Vony..was, by de-
posycion of the aldermen, founde gylty in the sayde cryme
of periury. 1962 Act 5 Lliz. c.g $6 If any Person. .commit
.. Perjury, by his.. Deposition in any of the Courts. — 1633
T. Stavvorp /’ac. //ib. i. (1821) 24 As well by deposition of
witnesses as by all other kinde of proofes, 1726 Avuirrs
Parergon 149 A witness is obliged to swear pro formA, other-
wise his Deposition is not valid without an Oath. 1848
Wuakton Law Lex.s.yv., tis a,. rule at common law, that
when the witness himself may be produced, his deposition
cannot be read, for it is not the bestevidence. 1863 H. Cox
/nstit. 1. x. 544 Vhe statements of the witnesses are reduced
to writing, and are then termed depositions,
b. tvansf. and fig. Testimony, statement ‘esp.
of formal character). e@. Allegation (of something).
1587 Gotvinc De Mornay Pref. g Others whose deposi-
tions or rather oppositions against vs, I thinke men wil
wonder at. 1648 W. Mountacen Devout sss. 1%. ii, The
influence of Princes upon the disposition of their Courts,
needs not the deposition of examples. 1699 Bentiny /hal.
Pref. 13, I will give a clear and full Answer to every part of
their Depositions, 1885 J. Maxtinnau Types hth. 7h. 11g
‘The depositions of consciousness on this matter.
II. The action of depositing.
6. The action of depositing, laying down, or
placing in a more or Jess permanent or final posi-
tion; spec. interment [med.1., d?fositzo in liturgical
language !, or placing of a saint's body or relics in
a new resting-place.
1659 Vulgar Lerr, Censured 72 Vrue Christians. allow that
which Christ hath redeemed a civill deposition, a decent
Repose, Adam had a worthy Sepulchre. 1793 Smeaton
kaystone L. $167 After being wrought, ty be returned to its
place of deposition, 1833 Wirwrit. Astron. i. 27 The ripen-
ing of the seed, its proper deposition in order for the repro-
duction of a new plant. 1875 W. Houcnion 5%. Brit. In-
sects 130 The deposition of the eggs by these insect cuckoos,
[1894 J. ‘I. Fowten Adamnan Intr. xiv, the depositio or
burial being in these cases commemorated rather than the
natalis or birthday to the future life.)
7. The placing of something in a repository, or
in charge of a person, for safe keeping ; concr.
a deposit.
1 West 1st Pt. Symbol., $16 A, Deposition is a Contract
reall in which a thing moueable is freelie giuen to be kept,
that the selfe same thing be restored when-oeuer it shail
please him that so leaueth it. 1651 C. Cantwwicnt Cert,
Kelig. 1. 140 ‘Vhe depositions committed to the Churches
trust. 1998 Macruns Popul. (1217) WN. 27g Every fresh
deposition [in a savings bank]
8. ‘The process of depositing or fact of being de-
posited by natural agency; precipitation.
1799 Kinwan Geol, iss. 11 The crystallization, precipita-
tion, and deposition of these solids. 1830 Hrescuer. .5 trad.
Nat. Phil. 11. vi. (1851) 162 A deposition of dew presently
begins. 1880 A R. Wattace /sl. Life214 The average rate
of Deposition of the Sedimentary Kocks.
b. The result of this process; a deposit, preci-
pitate, sediment.
1797 M. Baie Morb. Anat. (1207) 420, 1 have found [the
pineal] gland without any deposition of earthy matter. 1831
Beewster Optics xiii. 111 A common pane of crown glass..
that has on its surface a fine deposition of moisture. 1867
J. Hoce Microsc. 1. ii. 133 Vhe symmetrical and figurate de-
positions of siliceous crystals.
Depositive (dipgzitiv), a. [f. Devrosir v. (or
its L. etymon) +-1ve. Cf. OF. deposttif in similar
sense.] Having the quality of depositing, tending
to deposit. In Path. see quot.
be if Doxcuson Med. Lex. 225 Depositive..an epithet
used by Mr. Erasmus Wilson to express that condition of
the membrane in which plastic lymph is exuded into the
tissue of the derma.
sitor (d/pyzitar). [In form =L. depositor,
agent-n. from L. déponére (Devore, Devos); but
taken as agent-n. from Depostr v.: so mod.F, dé-
| fositeur, connected in sense with dépét deposit.]
I. One who deposes. =
+1. One who makes a deposition, a d ent.
1565 Six T. Surru Commrw. Eng. (1623) 196 all men
perk hear from the mouth of the depositors and witnesses
what is
said.
IL. One who or that which deposits,
2. One who deposits or places something in
charge of another; spec. one who deposits money
in a bank.
1624 I. Scort Votive Angliz 2 Bavaria is but Spaines
Depositor, and the Ki if Rpaynd; Bavatitie Potedic oad
ector.. 1781 Sin W. Jones Law of Bailments Wks. v
L.679Ad 2. Lestt * into the ch 19
ded d, * 7
of his p . Exami Allp
eeu dagaded tb bicesse dopedinnncel pantie Seen.
iL 35/2 Where a depositor has .. gp a oot
balance is struck every six
DEPOSITORY.
Digest 486 The deposit still left the legal possession in the
y being ly his agent in pos-
sessing. :
3. a. An apparatus for depositing some substance.
b. A workman who coats articles with silver in
electro-plating.
1834 Brit. Hush. 1, 264 A‘ itor’, which consists merely
of an addition to the coulter of any common plough by win;
fixed in the beam. c 1865 G, Gore in Circ. Se. I. 216/1
—— should a a large — of pieces of copper
ir les to d
wire. . g the. :
III. +4. One in whose hand something is de-
posited; = Deposrrary sd. 1. Obs.
1604 E. Grimstone Hist, Siege Ostend 145 That the sayd
goods be put into the hands of the depositor of the armie.
Deposi (dfpg:zitari). [f. (or on the same
type as) med.L. déposttorium, f. ppl. stem déposit-
or agent-n. dépositor-em: see -oRY.]
1. A place or receptacle in which things are de-
posited or placed for safe keeping; a storehouse,
a repository.
1750 Beawes Lex Mercat. (1752) 5 Alexandria .. the de-
all merchandizes from the East and West. 1840
H. Arswortn ower of London u. x, The Jewel Tower ..
the depository of the Regalia. 1858 Lp. Sr. Leonarps
Handy Bk, Prop. Law xx. 158 The Act..directs that con-
venient depositories shall be provided .. for all such wills. .
as shall be deposited therein for safe Gang A
Bible) is. .a Pro-
Jig. t Myers Cath, Th, 1. § 1. 2(The
vidential Depository of certain Revelations of truth and duty
which have been made at sundry times.
2 A person (a body of persons, or a thing per-
sonified) to whom something is committed for safe
keeping; usually fg. (with reference to immaterial
things); =Deposirary sé. 1.
1656 Hammonp A nsw. to Schism disarmed vu. ii. P 3 lf we
hold these doctrines deposited in the Church... we must hold
.-that the depository is so trusty, as it cannot deceive us.
1779 Jounson Lett. Mrs. Thrale 8 Nov., I think well of her
judgment in chusing you to be the depository of her troubles.
1862 Merivace Kom. Emp. (1865) VI. liv. 456 The preten-
sions advanced. .for the Roman Church. .to be the sole de-
pository of all moral principles and practice. 1878 S. Cox
Salv. Mundi viii. (ed. 3) 174 Even in those early days when
one man, one family, one nation were successively chosen to
be the depositories of Divine Truth.
|| Depositum ((/pp:zitim). Ods. PI. -a, -ums.
[L. depositum ; sb. use of neuter pa. pple. of de-
ponére to lay down: see DEponr, Deposit.]
1. Something placed in a person's charge or laid
up in a place for safe keeping ; = Deposit sd. 1.
a. lit,
1592 West 1st Pt. Symbol. § 16 B, The thing left is called
Receptum, Commendatum or depositum. 1617 Cottins Def
Bp. Ely 81 Two depositums of like nature. 1669 WoopHEAD
St. Teresa 1. 272 She. .had foretold of a certain Depositum,
that was to be reserved in that place; and the event follow-
ing declared her meaning concerning her Body. 1673 Lady's
Call. u. § 1 P 2. 57 Testaments and other depositums of the
greatest trust were usually committed totheir custody. 1745
A. Butcek Lives of Saints (1836) 1. 527 She was to give to
God an account of the least farthing of what was intrusted
as a depositum in her hands.
b. fg. of immaterial things: es. of the faith or
doctrine committed to the keeping of the Church.
1582 N. T. (Rhem.) 1 7%. vi. 20 O Timothee, keepe the
depositum [Vulg. custodi depositum). 1583 FuiKke Defence
pt Affected novelties of terms, such as neither English
nor Christian ears ever heard in the English tongue : Scandal,
prepuce, neophyte, depositum, gratis, parasceve, paraclete.
1642 RoGers Naaman To Rdr., Unto whose hands, the
great depositum of Truth is put. 1656 Hammonp A nsw. to
Schism disarmed vin. ii. § 1 That depositum .. that the
ae thus deposited in all Churches, the several articles
the Apostolick faith or Creed. arzxr Ken Dedicat. Poet.
Wks. 1721 I. 7 And rather bh Martyrs at the Stake,
Than the Depositum he left, forsake. 1732 STAckHousE
Hist, Bible (1767) 111. v. iii. 348 His life was a sacred de-
positum of God’s.
2. Something given as a pledge; = Deposir
5b. Ic.
1623 Cocxeram, Defositum, a pledge. 1911 Lurrrete
Brie Rel. ny! pha 704 To pay down .. half of that as a
or t 5
P ig parts.
3. A place where things are deposited or stored ;
a depot, depository, ‘storehouse’ (/it. and fig.).
ag Sage Diary 19 Nov., Towards the lower end of
the church
..is the depositum and statue of the ntess
Matilda. 1646 J. Havt Hore Vac. 78 It is a fit depositum of
knowledge. 1756 Nucent Gr. Tour 11. 227 By means of these
famous fairs, pa is the depositum of a great part of the
merchandize of Europe and the Indies. 1796 Morse Amer.
. 1. iv, The. .most complete depositum of facts relatin,
to the history of America, to be found in the United States
Depositure (dipp‘zitiiix). rare. [In form
corresp. to a L, type *défosttira, f. ppl. stem of
déponére (DEPONE, Dxpost) ; in sense associated
_ with deposit vb.: see -uRE.] The action of deposit-
ing or placing.
nas ackson Creed vin, xxxiii. Wks. VIII. 179 The in-
terring or depositure of his body in the .. sepulchre, 1658
Sir T. Browne Hydriot. Introd. i bal
216
1382 Wyciir 1 77. vi. 20 Thou T:
or thing bitakun to thee. — 2 7%m. i. 12, 1 woot to whom
Thaue bileuyd, and I am certeyn for he is my3ti for to kepe
my depoost, or thing putt in keping. 1735 Dycue & Parpon,
Depost or Depositum (ed. 3, Deposit).
+ Depo‘sure. Oés. rare. [f. Depose v. +-URE:
cf. composure, exposure.| The action of deposing
from office ; = DEPOSITION 4.
¢ 1630 Drumm. or Hawtn. Mem. State Wks. (1711) 130
After the deposure of king Richard II. 1648 Farrrax, etc.
Remonstrance 28 An utter rejection, expulsion, and de-
posure. .of his whole race.
Also depédt,
Depot (depo, dipdu, di-pou),
dépét. [a. F. dépét (depo), in OF . defost (14th c.
in Littré and Hatzf.), (=It., Sp. depostto), ad. L.
dépositum ; see Depostrum, Deposit, Dxrpost, all
forms of the same word.
As in the case of other words from modern French, the
pronunciation varies widely. The French depe, with short
e and o and undefined stress, is foreign to English habits of
utterance. The earlier English rendering, as shown by the
dictionaries down to 1860-70, was, according to the French
historical stress and quantity, or the English conception of
it (cf. bureau, chateau, Tussand), dipd®’, or, with a con-
scious effort to reproduce the first vowel in French, depd*";
these pronunciations are still heard, but the stress is now
more usually on the first syllable, and the quantity of the e
doubtful, giving de*pe, di‘po, in England, dipo, dé'po, in
U.S. (where the word is much more in popular use, and
| d*pet, d/pe’t, are mentioned by Longfellow, Lowell, etc., as
opular vulgarisms). The form de*po comes as near the
French depo as English analogies admit, ‘The earlier Eng.
spelling omitted the accent-marks, and this is now usual;
the spelling defdt belongs especially to the pronunciation
dipé""; the actual F. spelling @éfét goes together with the
attempt to pronounce as in French.)
+1. The act of depositing ; deposit, deposition.
Obs. rare.
1794 Suttivan View Nat. 1, 72 Some [mountains] have ..
heen formed by successive depots in the sea. 1835-6 Topp
Cycl. Anat. 1. 515/2 Depots of matter take place in the dis-
organized tissue. a
+2. A deposit or collection (of matter, supplies,
| etc.); =DEposir sé, 3, 1. Obs.
| join their regiments remain,
1835 Str J. Ross Narr. and Voy. xxxvii. 513 To fetch a
third depot of fish, 1850 W. B. Ciarke Wreck Favorite
133 The nelleys had discovered our dept of blubber and
had eaten a portion of it. eA
3. Mil. a. A place where military stores are
deposited. b. The head-quarters of a regiment,
where supplgs are received and whence ‘they are
distributed. ¢, A station where recruits are as-
sembled and drilled, and where soldiers who cannot
d. attrib. Applied
to a portion of a regiment which remains at home
when the rest are on foreign service.
1798 Beresrorp in Ld. Auckland's Corr. III. 412 ——
quantities of arms are in their possession. Dublin is the
great depot. 1812 W. C. in Axraminer 25 May 334/2 Bar-
racks and Military Depots are building. 1844 Regud. § Ord.
Army 8 By the continual transit of Officers between the
Service at f Depdit Companies. Srocgueter Mili.
Encyctl. s.v., Regiments embarking for India usually leave
| one company at home, for the purpose of recruiting, which
is called the depét company. 1859 Wusketry /ustr. 85 When
| men leave a depdt battalion to join the service companies.
1861 Swinnor N. China Camp. 7 The island [of Chusan] ..
from its central position, would form a good depét for troops.
e. A place of confinement for prisoners of war.
The name used both in France and England during the
War with Napoleon.
1806 J. Forses Lett, /r. France 1. 231 Prisoners of war ..
[at] Fontainbleau and Valenci , the two principal depots
appointed for that purpose. 1824 D. H. O'Brien Caftrv. &
Escape 87 We were safely lodged in Sarre Louis jail. This
is a dépét for seamen, one of punishment for officers who
may transgress. 1839 36 Vears Sea-faring Life 29 Fearing
death almost as little as a life of misery in a French depot.
4. A place where goods are deposited or stored ;
e.g. a coal depot, grain depot, furniture depot; a
store-house, depository, emporium.
1802 Edin. Rev. 1. 142 Lake Winipic..seems calculated. .
to become the grand depot of this traffic. 1804 H. T. Cotr-
srooke //ush. Bengal (1806) 184 It is not practicable to
render Great Britain the general dép6t of saltpetre. 1863
Sir G.G. Scorr in A rchevol. Cant. V.7 note, The church was
used as the coal depét for the castle. 1872 Yeats Growth
Comm. 154 Grain brought down to the maritime depots. .in
the Crimea.
5. U.S. A railway station.
(In Great Britain formerly, and still sometimes, a goods
station at a terminus ; cf. sense 4. a
(1830 Boorn L'fool & M'chester Railway 46 This Railway
will cost above including the.. and d
ateach end, 1837 F. Waisuaw Ana/. Railways 286 When
there are h ue ached ren , i oy om is 4
a depét.) x NGF. in Life (1891) I. 415 To borrow t
pbs ze fellow-traveller, we were ‘ ficketed through
to the depot’ (pronouncing the last word so as to rhyme with
teapot), 1861 Lowe. Biglow P. Ser. u. i. Poems 1890 II.
232 With all ou’ doors for deepot [vie teapot]. 1872‘ Mark
Twain’ /nnoc. Aér, xii. 73 You cannot pass into the waiting-
room of the depdt till you have secured your ticket. [1892
By p
Depositure in dry Earths. 1884 Rocers Soc, Life Scot. 11.
The dep ine of the nati ds in tl i
6
= epoost. Obs. [a OF. ae
4 iS. a. OF. t
and Hatzf.), mod.t, dépét, ad. L.
+t Depo
(14th c, ra fi
Deposirum ; see above.] An earlier equivalent of
Deposir sd. sense 1.
Camden Town Directory, 71 London and North-western
Goods Depét, Chalk Farm Road.)
6. Fortif, (See quot.)
1853 Srocqueter Milit.
is likewise to
1823 in Craps Techn. Dict.
Encyct. s.v., In fortification, the term
denote a particular place at the trail of the trenches, out of
foe reach of the comme of os Demat anes, It is here that
h 2 Hy Wy. ‘ wl A,
outworks or support the troops in the trenches,
DEPRAVATION.
7. attrib. (See spec. use in 3.4.) :
aie Chicage Thanet #0 Bae, The 'y_is constructing
a depot building .. at Leaf ver. 1884 C.K. Marknam
in Pail Mali G. 20 Aug. 1/2 ‘The party Id never have
been left without a depot ship. ng within ibl
Depotentiate (dzpote-nfie't), 7. [f. De- II.
1+L. fotentia power: cf. potentiate.) trans. To
deprive of power or potency. Hence Depote-n-
tiated f//. a., D tia ‘tion.
1841 Fraser's Mag. XXIII. 144 Productive which
unite together, combine not as dead materials by addition,
but multiply into and potentiate one another, as in separatin;
they do not merely subtract from each other, but utterly “
potentiate. 1882-3 Encycl. Relig. Knowl. 1. 463
A temporary self-exinanition or de tiation of the pre-
existent Logos. 1886 A. B. Bruce Mirac. Elem. in Gospels
viii. 275 Christ's life on earth in reference to the divine
a was a depotentiated life.
poulsour: see DEPULSOR.
+ Depo v. Obs. [f. De- I. 1, 3 +
radical of impoverish: cf. OF. apovrir, apovriss-,
F. appauvrir, f. povre, pauvre poor; also Dr-
PAUPER, DEPAUPERATE.] f¢rans. To make poor,
impoverish.
1568 Grarton Chron. 11.350 So is your power depoverished,
and Lordes and great men brought to infelicitie.
Depper, -est, obs. comp. and sup. of DEEP.
Depravable (d/pré'-vab’l), a. [f. Deprave v.
+-ABLE.] Liable to be depraved.
1678 Cupwortn /n/el/. Syst. 1. iv. 631 Humane Nature is
so mutable and depravable.
+ De-pravate, #//. a. Obs. [ad. L. dépravat-
us, pa. pple. of dépravare to DErRavE.] Depraved,
corrupted, demoralized,
152. Barctay Sad/ust's Fugurth 15b, A great part of the
Senatours were .. so deprauat that they contemned and set
at nought pe words of Adherball. 1538 Hen. VIII in Sedect.
Harl. Misc. (1793) 137 Thynges .. which, nowe beinge de-
prauate, are lyke. .to be the vtter ruine of Christen relygyon.
a1555 Braprorp Wks, 166 Seeing my corruption and de-
pravate nature. 1665 G. Harvey Advice agst. Plague 15
Contributing to the generation of depravate blond.
Hence + De‘pravately adv.
1666 G. Harvey Mord. Angl. ii. 15 A consumption of the
parts of the body, weakly, or depravately, or not at all
attracting nutriment.
+ Depravate (de-piaveit), 7. Obs. or arch. [f.
L. dépravat-, ppl. stem of dépravare to DEPRAVE,]
trans, = DEPRAVE.
1 Hoorer Declar. 10 Commandm. vii. Wks. (Parker
Soc.) 345 To depravate the use of the sacraments otherwise
than they be a in the scripture. 1581 Marpeck Bé. of
Notes 625 The Pharesies & Saduces, which with their
gloses deprauated the Scriptures. 1609 J. Davies Holy
Roode xxiii, The rest, in depth of scorne and hate, His
Diuine Truth with taunts doe deprauate. Busuxece
Chr. Nurt. i. (1861) 7 The belief that a child's nature is
how di d by d from
Depravation (<iprivé'-fon, dep-). [ad.L. dé
pravation-em, n. of action from dépravare to
Deprave. Cf. F. dépravation (16th c. in Littré).]
1. The action or fact of making or becoming de-
praved, bad, or corrupt ; deterioration, degeneia-
tion, esf. moral deterioration ; an instance of this.
1561 ‘I’. Norton Ca/vin's /nst. 1, xiv. § 16 This malice
which we assigne in his [the Devil's) nature, is not by
creation but by deprauation. a 1667 Cow.ey Ess., ers
in Much Company, The total Loss of Reason is less de-
plorable than the total Depravation of it. 177§ Jounson
Tax. no Tyr. 48 We are as secure from intenti deprava-
tions of Government as human wisdom can make us, 1798
Burke 7 racts on Po, Laws Wks. 1842 11. 442 If this
improvement, truly I know not what can be called a de-
ravation of society. ,
uses of depravation..to which the
a measure adapted itself.
Creature ii. (1865) 26 Dep i
b. Deterioration or degeneration of an organ,
secretion, tissue, etc.
1661 Lovett Hist. Anim. & Min. 334 Trembling, which
is a dep ion of vol y i e1720 W. Ginson
Farrier’s Guide ii, xxviii. (1738).101 The beginning of the
Dist did proceed from the Corruption or vation
of the Blood. Br. Lavincton Enthus. Methodists
(1820) 225 Some depravation of the organs of the ear.
1851-60 Mayne “.xfos. Lex., Depravation, term for a deteri-
oration, or change for the worse ; applied to secretions,
or the functions of the body. WG
2. The condition or quality of being depraved ;
corruption. Formerly, in 7/eo/., = DEPRAVITY c.
1577 tr. Bullinger’s Decades (1 495 Originall sinne is
Pia fs or depanation of the wi 5 man, Vecge ad
this
De Mornay xvii. (1617) 305 Notwithstanding
prauation, the soule liueth and abide
in God. Br. Hart Hard Texts, Rom. vi. 6 That by
.. his death the whole bulke of our maliciousness
vation might be so far destroyed. 17a5 R. Tayior Disc, on the
Fall v. 122 A sense of the dep ion of our
igi Ps Morcan Algiers I, iv.
original sin which is in us. 3
facet toe A Rom. Emp. (1865) V. xlv. 350
x ERIVALE Rom. Emp. (1! . xiv.
Contrasting the most isite ch $ with ihe
grossest depravation of humanity.
v. (with 7.) An instance of this,
16ar Burton Anat, % I diction * sly Guts Ce
a depravation of the Il funct:
Gentiles 1. 1. xii. 799 Those Leters, which the Jews now use
depravations of the Syriac. 1675 TRAHERNE
.. being but
Chr. Bikichs 2zvil, 409 All the crocs and
..are meer corruptions and depravations of nature,
DEPRAVATIVE.
free agents have let in upon themselves. 1846 Maurice
Relig. World 1, iii. (1861) 71 1 would by no means support
a paradox .. that Buddhism was the original doctrine of
which Brahminism was a depravation.
+e. A depraving influence or cause. Obs.
17tr Appison Sect, No. 99 » 11 When the Dictates of
Honour are contrary to those of Religion and Equity, they
are the greatest Depravations of human nature.
+3. Perversion or corruption (of a text, writing,
etc.). Obs. *
1566 T. Stapteton Ret. Untr. Fewel Epist. ij, You note
that for Vntruthe, yea and for a foule deprauation of holi
scripture which is the very saying .. of S. Hilary. 1624
Gataker 7ransubst. go The next Division hee maketh
entrance into with a grosse and shamelesse Depravation
{substitution of ‘any thing’ for ‘zo thing’). 1699 BENTLEY
Phat. xiii. 396 This is the common Reading .. but if we
examine it, it will be found to be a manifest Depravation.
1768 Jounson Pref. to Shaks, Wks. 1X.277 This great poet
..-made no collection of his works, nor desired to rescue
those that had been already published from the depravations
that obscured them. 1849 W. Fitzcrracp tr. Whitaker's
Disput. 157 To persuade us of the depravation of the original
scriptures.
+4. Vilification, defamation, detraction, back-
biting, calumny. Oés. [So It. depravazione.]
(Perhaps the earliest sense in Eng.: cf. also Deprave.)
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 238 All y* crymes of y°
tonge, as sclaunders, detraccyons, deprauacyons or dis-
praysynges. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. ii. § 8. 10 A meere
deprauation and calumny without all shadowe of truth.
1606 Suaxs. 77. & Cr. v. ii, 132 Stubborne Criticks, apt
without a theame For deprauation.
+ Depra-vative, a Os. [f. L. dépravat-
ppl. stem +-IVE.] ‘lending to deprave.
1682 H. More Axnot. Glanvill’s Lux O. 37 A debilitative,
diminutive, or privative, not depravative deterioration.
+ Be-pravator. Obs. rare-'. [Agent-n. in
L. form from L. dépravare to Deprave. Cf. F.
depravateur (1551 in Hatzf.).] A depraver.
1629 T. Avams Serwt. Heb. vi. 8 Wks. 1058 A great number
of these Field-bryers. .Oppressors, Inclosers, Depopulators,
Deportators, Depravators.
+ Depra've, sb. Ods. rare.
Detraction, slander.
1610 W. FotKincuaMm Art of Survey, Author to Work 23
Whose iustly-honourd Names Shield from Depraue, Couch
rabid Blatants, silence Surquedry. 1615 CHapMan Odyss.
xxi. §85 That both on my head pour’d depraves unjust, And
on my mother's, scandalling the court.
+ Depra‘ve, a. Os. rare. [An extension of
Prave=L. pravus, after deprave vb. and its deri-
vatives: cf. Depravity.] Depraved.
az71r Ken Hymnotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 III. 96 Ah me,
even from the Womb I came deprave.
Deprave (dipréi-v), v. [ad. L. dépravare to
distort, pervert, corrupt (f. De- I. 3 + privas
crooked, wrong, perverse: perh. immediately from
F. dépraver (14th c. in Hatzf.). Sense 4 was
perh. the earliest in Eng.: cf. also the derivatives.]
1. To make bad; to pervert in character or
quality ; to deteriorate, impair, spoil, vitiate. Now
rare, eXc, as in 2,
@ 1533 Lo. Berners Gold, Bh. M. Aurel. xlvi, Olde folkes
wyll depraue [ printed depryue, L. depravabunt) thy mynde
with their couetousnes. 1552 Hutoet, Depraue, peruert,
or make yll, deprano, 1558 Warve tr. Alexis’ Secr. 568)
42 b, Sorowe, sadnesse, or melancholie corrupte the bloude
.. and deprave and hurt nature. c 1630 Donne Sermz. viii.
83 A good worke not depraved with an ill Ende, 1685 Boy.r
Salub. Air 14 The air is depraved .. by being impregnated
with Mineral Expirations. a@1784 Jounson in Croker’s
Boswell (1831) V. 419, I believe that the loss of teeth may de-
rave the voice ofasinger. 1802 7 rans. Soc. Encourag. Arts
X. 222 It [sea-salt] rather depraves than improves the oils.
b. To corrupt (a text, word, etc.). arch,
1382 Wyciir ¥od Prol., The thingis. . bi the vice of writeris
depraued, 1599 H, Burtes Dyets drie Dinner G ij,
Whence in tract of time the name is depraved: and B put
for C. 2663 CHarteton Chorea Gigant. 25 He was forced
to deprave the Text. 1710 Pripeaux Orig. Tithes iv. 179
But the second Paragraph 7 so depraved by after
Transcribers, as not to be made Sense of. 1844 Lincarp
Anglo-Sax. Ch. (1858) I1. xi. 187 Restoring the true reading
where it had been depraved. 1859 F. Hatt Vdsavadatté
Pref. 9 zote, If his text has not been depraved at the hands
of the scribes. Ee .
+c. To debase (coinage), falsify (measures,
etc.). Obs. 5
18x W. Starrorp Exam, Com). ii. (1876) 68 And if our
treasure be farre spent and exhaust. .I could wish that any
other order were taken for the recouery of it, then the
deprauing of our coines, a 1632 T. Taytor God's Fudgen,
1, 1. xxxi. (1642) 140 Among earthly princes, it is accounted
acrime..to counterfeit or deprave their seales. 1650 FuLLER
Pisgah 397 Vhe Levites were esteemed the fittest keepers of
measures. . which willingly would not falsifie, or deprave the
same. 1733 Neat Hist. Purit. 11. 424 Some Ministers in
our state .. endeavoured to make our money not worth
mare by depraving it.
+d. To desecrate. Ods. rare—}.
a@1s2g Sxecton Ware the Hauke [42 He wrought amys
To hawke in my church of Dis.]_ 301 Dys church ye thus
depravyd.
2. spec. To make morally bad; to pervert, de-
base, or corrupt morally. (The current sense.)
1482 Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 59, 1 neuyr.. hadde any
suspycyon hethirto that the kynde of wemen hadde be
deprauyd and defoyled by suche a foule synne. 1594 SPENSER
Amoretti xxxi, A hart .. Whose pryde Srgennes each other
better part. Mitton P. LZ. v. 471 One Almightie is,
from whom All things proceed, and up to him return, If not
Vou, IIL.
[f. DEPRAVE v.]
217
deprav'd from good. 1736 Butter Anal. 1. v. Wks. 1874
I. 101 Vicious indulgence. .depraves the inward constitution
and character, 1890 Sfec‘ator 1 Mar., ‘The belief that
a witch was a person who leagued herself with the Devil to
defy God and deprave man. 3
+3. To pervert the meaning or intention of, to
pervert by misconstruing. Ods.
1382 Wycuir 2 Pet. iii, 16 Summe harde thinges in vnder-
stondinge, the whiche unwijse. .men deprauen. .to her owne
perdicioun. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 93 By. .de-
pravynge and mysiudgyng his entent in thynges that be good.
181 J. Bett //addon's Answ. Osor. 344b, What can be
spoken so sincerely, but by sinister construing may be de-
praved? 1643 Mitton Divorce u. xiii. Wks. 1738 I. 198 Our
Saviour here confutes not Moses’ Law, but the false Glosses
that deprav'd the Law. 1660 H. More J/yst. Godliness v1.
xvii. 214, | must confess they have not depraved the meaning
of the seventh verse. 1703 [see Depravine 72. sd.).
+4. To represent as bad; to vilify, defame,
decry, disparage. Ods. [So It. ‘defravare .. to
backbite’ (Florio). }
1362 Lanai. P, P27. A. 111. 172, I com not to chyde, Ne to de-
praue pi persone witha proud herte. 1388 Wycuir /’707, i. 29
‘Thei depraueden al myn amendyng [1382 bacbitiden]. 1432-50
tr. //igden (Rolls) IL. 159 The peple of Englonde deprauenge
theire owne thynges commende other straunge. 1581 J. Bet.
Haddon's Answ, Osor. tb, How maliciously and wickedly
England hath bene accused and depraved by her cursed
enemy Osorius. 1642 RoGrers Vaaman 97 Perhaps I shall
heare the godly depraved, jeered at. 1667 Mitton 7. Z. v1.
174 Unjustly thou deprav’st it with the name Of Servitude.
+b. adsol.
1599 Suaxs. Much Ado v. i. 95 Fashion-monging boyes,
‘That lye, and cog, and flout, depraue, and slander. 1816
Byron Monody on Sheridan 73 Behold the host ! delighting
to deprave, Who track the steps of Glory to the grave..
Distort the truth, accumulate the lie, And pile the pyramid
of Calumny !
+ 5. zur. To grow or become bad or depraved ;
to suffer corruption. Ods. rare.
1655 Futter Ch. Hist. u. iii. § 28 A Self-sufficiency, that
soon improved into Plenty, that quickly depraved into Riot,
and that at last occasioned their Ruin.
4] Formerly often confused with, or erroneously
used for, DEPRIVE.
1572 J. Joxes Bathes of Bath Ep. Ded. 2 Sicknesse
.. depriveth, deminisheth or depraveth the partes acci-
dentally of their operations. ¢1614 Drayton Legend of
Duke Robert (1748) 194 O that a tyrant then should me
deprave Of that which else all living creatures have! 1621
Burton Anat, Afeé. 1. ii. 1, iv, Lunatick persons, that are
depraved [edd. 1660 and later deprived] of their wits by the
Moones motion, 1632 Lirucow 7rav. 1x. 407 John the 17,
who after he was depraved his Papacy, had his eyes pulled
out. 1732 ArputHnot Axles of Diet 263 Oils entirely
deprav'd of their Salts are not acrid.
Depraved (dipréivd), Ap/. a.
repr. L. dépravatus, ¥. dépravé.)
1. Rendered bad or worse; perverted, vitiated,
debased, corrupt. Now chiefly of taste, appetite,
and the like.
x6r0 Guitiim /Teraldry i. iv. (1660) 113 We take no
notice of any other forme. . but onely of this depraved shape.
1656 Ripctey Pract. Physick 73 Convulsion is a glepraved
motion of the Muscles. @ 1661 Futter Worthies (1840) II.
363 She corrected a depraved place in Cyprian. 1712 STEELE
Spect. No. 268 ? 4 If chev would but correct their depraved
‘Taste. 1736 Baitey Househ. Dict. 34 A depraved Appetite,
is when a person desires to eat and drink things that are unfit
for food; as..earth, mortar, chalk, and such like things.
1807 Opie Lect. Art iv. (1848) 321 A moderately lively red
.-will appear brilliant, if surrounded by others of the same
class but of a more depraved quality, 1816 KrAtIncE 77a7’.
(1817) I. 37 Fruit. .every species here is dwindled in growth
and depraved in flavour. 1889 J. M. Duncan Lect. Dis.
Women xvi. (ed. 4) 119 The women are always in what may
be vaguely called, depraved health.
2. spec. Rendered morally bad ; corrupt, wicked.
1594 Hooker Ecc?. Pol, 1. x. § 1 Presuming man to be, in
regard of his depraued minde, little better than a wild beast.
1667 Mitton P, L. xt. 806 So all shall turn degenerate, all
deprav’d. 1736 Butter Anal. 1. vy. Wks. 1874 I. 102 De-
praved creatures want to be renewed. 1798 Ferriar ///ustr.
Sterne i. 11 The morals of the Court were most depraved.
1836-9 Dickens S%. Boz (C. D. ed.) 221 A place of resort for
the worst and most depraved characters
[f prec. + -ED,
Deprave (dépréi-vedli, -e-vdli), adv. [f.
prec.+-LY*.] In a depraved manner ; perversely,
corruptly.
1643 Sir T. Browne Rel, Med. To Rdr., The writings ..
depravedly, anticipatively counterfeitly imprinted, 1652
J. Wricut tr. Camus’ Nature's Paradox 208 So depravedly
reprobate. a@1693 Urqunart Radelais 1. xxiii. 136 What
moved .. him to be so .. depravedly bent against the good
Fathers?
Depra‘vedness. [f. as prec.+-NEss.] De-
praved or-corrupt quality or condition ; depravity.
1612-15 Br. Hatt Contempl., O. T. xvi. iv, No place
could be too private for an honest prophet, in so extreame
depravednesse. 1642 Rocers Naaman ‘Vo Rdr. §2 The
depravednesse and disorder of the appetite. 1715 Hist.
Remark. Tryals A, The Depravedness of Human Nature.
1885 L. OLirpHantr Syzpneumata xv, 224 His unsoundness,
and insaneness, and depravedness of outer structure,
Depravement (d/pré'-vmént). arch. [f. De-
PRAVE Y. +-MENT.) Depravation, perversion, cor-
ruption ; >} misinterpretation.
1645 Mitton 7etrarch. Pr. Wks. (1847) 212/2 That such an
irreligious depravement..may be..solidly refuted, and in
the room a better explanation given. 1646 Sir IT’, Browne
Pseud, Ep. 1. x. 42 ‘That apparitions. -are either deceptions
of sight, or 3 of phancy. 1
Gutptn Demeonol. (1867) 120 Our thoughts do not naturally
DEPRECANT.
delight in spiritual things, because of their depravement.
1779 SWINBURNE Trav. Spain xli. (R.\, A period..when all
arts and sciences were fallen to the lowest ebb of deprave-
ment, 1839 J. R. Dartey /ulrod. Beaum, & Fl. Wks. 1.
35 Is the graziose of Correggio an improvement on the
grandiose of Raffael, or a voluptuous depravement of it?
Depraver (d/pré'-vo1). Also 7 -our. [f. DE-
PRAVE v. +-ER1,] One who depraves,
1. One who corrupts, perverts, or debases; a cor-
rupter, perverter.
1557 [see Derraveress]. 1563-87 Foxe A. §& J. (1596)
39/2 The deprauers of the ueritie. 1633 ‘I’. Apams Fx.
2 Peter ii, 1 The devil, that ..depraver of all goodness.
1709 J. Jounson Clergym. Vade M. 1. 247 Vhey that tear,
or cut the books of the Old or New Testament. .or sell them
to Depravers of books .. are excommunicated for a year.
1878 DowpEN Stud, Lit. 34 The great depravers of religion.
+2. One who vilifies or defames; a defamer,
traducer. Ods.
1584 Wuitcirt Let. to Burghley, A defender, not a de-
praver, of the present state and government. @1634 Cuar-
MAN oun, xxi, So shall pale Envy famish with her food,
And thou spread further by thy vain depravours [rie
favours]. 1642 Cuas. I Sf. 27 Sept. in Rushw. //7st. Codd.
ut. II. 22 Brownists, Anabaptists, and publick Depravers of
the Book of Common Prayer, 1709 Stryee Aun, Ref. 1. ii. 71
Penalties appointed for depravers of the said book, and such
as should speak in derogation of anything contained in it.
+Depra‘veress. Os. nonce-wd. In 6-res,
[f. prec. + -Ess.] A female depraver.
1557 Tottedl’s Misc. (Arb.) 177 (Vustedfast Woman) O
temerous tauntres that delightes in toyes .. Iangling iestres,
depraueres [e/. 2 deprauers] of swete ioyes. .
Depra‘ving, 7/. sb. [f. Deprave vi+-1nc1.]
The action of the verb DrPRAVE in various senses,
a1goo Cuchow §& Night. xxxv, Thereof cometh .. anger
and envie, Depraving, shame, untrust, and jelousie. 1548
Act1§ 2 Edw. VI, c.i. § 2 If any manner of person, .shall
preache, declare or speake any thinge in the derogacion or
depravinge of the saide Booke [of Common Prayer]. 1583
BABINGTON Commandm. ix. (1637) 87 ‘Telling and hearing
the depravings of the wicked. 1703 J. Barretr Analecta
48 It would be a manifest depraving of that sacred ‘Text..
to turn it thus,
Depra‘ving, ///. a. [-Inc2.] That depraves;
+ defaming, traducing (ods.).
1606 Hotianp Sueton. 152 Some depraving backe-friendes
of hers. 1686 W. pe Britains Hum, Prud. vi. 2g A clear
Soul, like a Castle, against all the Artillery of depraving
Spirits, is impregnable. 1881 A ¢henvum 24 Dec. 847/2
‘The story has not a depraving tendency.
Hence Depra‘vingly a/v.
1665 J. Wess Stone-/feng (1725) 71 His Words..as this
Doctor..both inelegantly and depravingly renders them.
Depravity (d/previti). [An extension of
Pravity (ad. L. pravitds) previously used in same
sense, after Drprave and its derivatives. (No
corresponding form in Latin or French.)] The
quality or condition of being depraved or corrupt.
+a. Perverted or corrupted quality. Ods.
1643 Sir ‘I. Browne Red, Aled. u. $7 An humorous de-
pravity of mind. 1758 J. S. Le Dran's Observ. Surg.(1771)
298 A depravity in the Fluids may have a great Share in
producing these Symptoms.
b. Perversion of the moral faculties ; corruption,
viciousness, abandoned wickedness.
1646 Sir T. Browne Psend. Ep. vit. i, By aberration of
conceit they extenuate his depravitie, and ascribe some
goodnesse unto him. 1791 Mrs. Rapcuirre Rom, Forest
i, Such depravity cannot surely exist in human. nature.
1830 Mackintosu Eth, Philos. Wks. 1846 I. 232 ‘he wind-
ing approaches of temptation, the slippery path to depravity.
1883 FRoupE Short Stud., Origen 1V.11. 300 The conscience
of the ignorant masses..was rising in indignation against
the depravity of the educated.
e. Zheol, The innate corruption of human nature
due to original sin. Often sotal depravity.
In common use from the time of Jonathan Edwards: the
i
depravity of the heart. But... it is vulgarly understood in
that latitude, which includes not only the depravity of
nature, but the imputation of Adam’s first sin. 1794 A.
Futter Let??. i. 3 July Wks. 302 On the total depravity of
Human Nature. 1874 J. H. Brunt Dict. Sects s.v. Cad-
vinists, Both the elect and non-elect come into the world in
a state of total depravity and alienation from God, and can,
of themselves, do nothing but sin. —
d, A depraved act or practice.
1641 Mitton Reform. 1. (1851) 4 Characterizing the De-
pravities of the Church, 1665 GLanviLL Sceps. Scr. xiv. go
As some Regions have their proper Vices..so they have
their mental depravities, which are drawn in with the air of
their Countrey. 1808 J. Marco-m Anecd. London 18th C.
(Title-p.), Anecdotes of the Depravities, Dresses and Amuse-
ments of the Citizens of London,
+De-precable, 2. Ods. rare. [In form ad. L.
déprecabilis that may be entreated (Vulgate) ; but
in sense from DEPRECATE v.] Capable of being,
or to be, deprecated.
1633 1. Avams Ex. 2 Peter ii. 4 detestable sin, a de-
precable punishment ! 1648 Zikox Bas. 149, 1 look upon the
Fr caeal Desiriicsion of the greatest King as far less de-
precable than the Eternal Damnation of the Meanest Subject.
+ De'precant, A//. 2. Obs. [ad. L. deprecant-
em, pr. pple. of déprecdéri to DEPRECATE.] Depre-
cating. :
28*
DEPRECATE.
1624 F. Wire Refl. Fisher 541 Meanes and causes i
trant, or deprecant, to appease Gods wrath. /éid. 549 By
Satisfi he vnd deth deprecant Satisfaction, not
compensant.
te (de'prikeit), v. [f. L. déprecat-,
ppl. stem of déprecarvi to pray (a thing) away, to
ward off by praying, pray against, f. De- I. 2 +
precari to pray.]
1. trans. To pray against (evil); to pray for de-
liverance from ; to seek to avert by prayer. arch.
1628 Earte Microcosm., Meddling Man (Arb.) 89 Wise
men still deprecate these mens kindnesses. 1631 Goucr
‘ad's Arrows ii. § 3. 135 ‘The judgements which Salomon
-.earnestly deprecateth and prayeth against. 1633 Br.
Hatt Medit. (1851) 153, 1 cannot deprecate thy rebuke :
my sins call for correction: but I deprecate thine anger.
1778 Lowtn 7rans/. /sa‘ah x\vii. 11 Evil shall come upon
thee, which thou shalt not know how to deprecate. 1833
Hr. Martineau Three Ages ii. 47 While the rest of the
nation were at church, deprecating God's judgments.
+2. intr. To pray (against). Obs. rare.
Gavutrt Magastrom. 37 Where we are to deprecate..
— dangers of waters, let us commemorate the saving
of Noah in the flood.
3. trans. To plead earnestly against ; to express
an earnest wish against (a proceeding) ; to express
earnest disapproval of (a course, plan, purpose, etc.).
1641 J. Snute Sarah & Hagar (1649) 133 Saint Paul
undertaketh .. that he shall return and deprecate his fault.
1646 Sir T. Browne send. Ef. vu. xix. 385 Other accounts. .
whose verities not onely, but whose relations honest minds
doe deprecate. 1659 Br. Watton Consid. Considered V. §2
Cappellus..no where that I know affirms this, but rather
deprecates it as a calumny. 1742 Fieipinc ¥. Andrews
1v. vi, I believe .. he’d behave so that no! ody should depre-
cate what I had done. 1808 Med. ¥rud. X1X. 389, I cannot
help deprecating the conduct of the other two anatomists.
1875 OuseLey A/us. Form xiii. 60 Such a method of pro-
ceeding is greatly to be deprecated. 1882 7¥mes 5 Dec. 7
‘To deprecate panic is an excellent counsel in itself.
+4. To make prayer or supplication to, to be-
seech (a person). Obs.
1624 F. Waite Repl. Fisher Pref. 10 You haue libertie to
deprecate his Gratious Maiestie to forget things past. 1715-
20 Pore //iad 1x. 236 Much he advised them all, Ulysses
most, To deprecate the chief, and save the host. 1758 Jonn-
son /dler No. 11 ?7 To deprecate the clouds lest sorrow
should overwhelm us, is the cowardice of idleness. 1822 T.
Tayior Apuleius 75 But the most iniquitous woman, falling
at his knees, deprecated him as follows: Why, O my sone
I beseech you, do you give [etc ].
+b. adsol. ‘Yo make supplication. Obs,
1625 Donne Servm. 24 Feb. (1626) 8 He falls vpon his face
.-and laments, and deprecates on their behalfe.
+5. To call down by prayer, invoke (evil). Ods.
1746 W. Horstey Fool (1748) I. No. 16. 114 Deprecating
on unhappy Criminals, under Sentence of Death, all the
Mischief they can think of. @1790 FRANKLIN A ufodiog.
442 Upon the heads of these very mischievous men they
deprecated no vengeance.
Hence Deprecated ///. a., De precating 7//.
sb. and ppl. a.
1768 C. SHaw Vonody vii. 61 Why. strike this deprecated
blow? 1839 Vrwes 11 July in Spirit Metropol. Conserv.
Press (1840) I. 158 To persist in such a deprecated and
odious innovation,
Deprecatingly (de‘pr/keitinli), adv. [f. De-
PRECATING ffl. a. + -LY*.] In a deprecating
manner,
1837 Marrvat Dog-fiend i. 10 ‘O Lord, sir ! let me off this
time, it's only a so/dier', said S. deprecatingly. 1863 Gro,
Extot Romo/a ut. xix, She put up one hand deprecatingly
to arrest Romola’s remonstrance.
Deprecation (depr/ké'fan). [a. F. dépréca-
tion (12th c, in Hatzt.\, ad. L. déprecation-em, n.
of action from déprecar7 to Deprecate.] The
action of deprecating.
+1. Intercessory prayer. Oés. [So in L.]
1556 Lauper 7ractate (1864) 19 The deprecatioun of the
maker for all Catholyke kyngis and prencis and thare liegis.
2. Prayer for the averting or removal (of evil,
disaster, etc.).
1596 J. Norpen Progr. Pietie (1847) 12 Deprecation, or a
Prayer to prevent evils, whereby we desire God to remove sin
from us and whatsoever punishment we have in justice de-
served, 1631 Star Cham, Cases(Camden)87 My Lord Keeper
answered with a d tion: God forbid that Norfolke
should be divided in custome from all England. 1649
Roserrs Claris Bid/, 342 His Deprecation of two things,
viz. Present evils, and Future feares. True Worship
God 8 A Confession of sin, Deprecation 70ds displeasure,
Imploring his Mercy. 1754-8 T. Newron Prophecies,
Daniel xiv, 221 If there shi need of greater intercession
and deprecation. 1 . H. Newman Cadlista xvi, No
reversal or respite had followed their most assiduous acts of
deprecation. 1892 W. B. Scorr Autod, 1. xxiv. 343 The
processional deprecations of the Devil Worshippers.
+b. Formerly: Prayer for forgiveness, Ods.
1604 R. Cawvrey Tadle Phan Deprecation, supplication,
or requiring of pardon, 1633 T. Apams £-xf. 2 Peter ii. 6
‘They may en run on their impious courses without any
or dep
3. Entreaty or earnest desire that something may
be averted or removed ; earnest expression of feel-
ing against (a pro 1, practice, etc.).
p Ben Br. Aol gy snes) T. XX. ix, }
218
4. Imprecation : curse. Ods, rare.
1634 Brereton 7'rav. (1844) 48 Her sister denied, and with
this ion, wished if she had any bread, that it might
be turned into a stone. a1804 W. Gitrin Sermz. III. xi.
(R.), We may .. to him the scriptural d ion,
* He that withholdeth his corn, the shall curse him.’
tive (de‘préke'tiv), a. [a. F. dépré-
calif, -ive (13th c. in Britton, 14th c. in Hatzf.\,
ad. L. déprecativ-us, f. ppl. stem of déprecari to
DEPRECATE: see -IVE. aving the quality of de-
recating ; of or pertaining to deprecation. +a.
ntercessory, precative (ods.). b. Praying for de-
liverance from evil. ¢. Expressing earnest dis-
approval (of a proposal). ,
dd
DEPRECIATORY.
to make cheaper. Woon’ se 7 .
we shall .. Depretiate Silver
Let. Abbé Raynal: ae E i hi
et. a (1791) 25 rege copy 5 jis own
a gl pes own concent Mu Pol. Econ,
t is true obligation to in specie,
did put it in the power of the Bank to eee
rency. Birnect Counting-House Di
ciation, Bank Notes or State Notes are i
when issued against a small reserve of
2. To lower in estimation ; to
value ; to underrate, undervalue, belittle.
1666 Bovie Orig. Formes 4 Qual. To Rdr, Where ..
I do indefinitely depretiate Aristotle's Doctrine, I would be
understood to mk at his Physicks. 1704 Hearne Duct.
Hist. (744) I. 262
ot to di
1656 BLount Glossogr.,
it as of less
Alexander .. began to extoll his own
ritiate those of his Father Philip.
1490 Caxton Eneydos ix. 37 To the, thenne.. I
my thoughte deprecatyue.. that it maye playse the to
entende to the correction of the maners .. of our matrones.
a1617 Bayne Diocesans Tryail (1621) 58 They imposed
hands even on Deaconesses, where it could not be otherwise
considered then a deprecative gesture. 167a-5 T. Comper
Comp. to Temple 1, 752 (R.) The form itself is very ancient,
consisting .. of two parts, the first deprecative, the second
indicative ; the one intreating for pardon, the other dispens-
ing it. 1884 Century Mag. XXVIII. 588 It better pleased
his deprecative soul to put them in an empty cigar-box.
Hence De'precatively adv., in a deprecative
manner; in the way of entreaty for deliverance.
1638 Penit. Conf. viii. (1657) 270 The form of absolution is
expressed in the third person deprecatively. 1879 P. R.
Daummonn Perthshire 1, xiv. 80 Looking up to him depre-
catively, he said [etc.]}.
Deprecator (deprike'tar). [a. L. déprecator,
agent-n. from L. déprecdri to DEPRECATE.] One
who deprecates; +a petitioner (ods.).
1656 ‘Tare Comm. Fohn xiv. 16 And he shall give you
another Comforter, Or, pleader, deprecator, advocate. 1794
T. Tayvior Pausanias 1. 220 That they should propitiate
Jupiter, and employ AZacus .. as their deprecator.
Deprecatory (de‘prike'tari), a. (sb.) [ad. L.
deprecatort-us, t. déprecator: see prec. and -ony.
Cf. F. déprécatoire (15th c. in Hatzf.).]
A. adj. 1. Serving to deprecate ; that prays for
deliverance from or aversion of evil.
1586 A. Day /ng. Secretary 1. (1625) 21 Deprecatorie, in
praying for pardon of a thing committed. 1622 Bacon
Hen. VII, 190 Bishop Fox .. sent many humble and depre-
catorie letters to the Scottish King, to appease him. ¢ 1630
Donne Sern. |. 504 All his Prayer ..is but Deprecatory,
he does but pray that God will forbeare him. 1738 War-
BuRTON Div. Legat, 1. 1. 1. 89 Deprecatory Rites to avert
Evil.
2. Expressing a wish or hope that something
feared may be averted; deprecating anticipated
disapproval.
1704 Swirt 7. 7ué iii. (T.\, Before Ighad performed the
due discourses, expostulatory, supplicatory, or deprecatory,
with my good lords the criticks. 1838 Lytton Lesa. v,
The Israelite did .. seem to hear this deprecatory remon-
strance. 1871 H. AinswortuH Vower Hill 1. viii, * Your
Grace is mistaken’, observed Cromwell, in a deprecatory
tone. — Etior Middlem, xvi, ‘Oh’, said eemenk
with a sight deprecatory laugh, ‘I was only going to say
that we sometimes have dancing.’
+B. sh. A deprecatory word or expression. Ods,
1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes w.i.171 To convey his Con-
solatories, Suasories, Deprecatories. ar Nortn Zaam.
(1740) 343 Now he is passive, full of Deprecatories and
Apologetics.
fence De‘precatorily adv., in a deprecatory
manner, in a way that expresses a prayer or desire
against something.
1873 Brit. Q. Rev. 388, ‘1 do not know’, said Sir William,
deprecatorily, ‘that it is necessary to go down so low as
that.’
+Depre’ce, 7. Os. rare. [See note below. ]
trans. ?To set free from confinement or restraint ;
| to release.
sueesien s of
evil to a malicious man are no better than advices. 1752
Jounson Rambler No. 208 ?7 The censures of criticism,
which, however, I shall not e
deprecation. 1863 Gro. Extor Romola 1, i, [He] turned his
- glassy eye on the frank speaker with a look of deprecation.
1870 Dickens /. Drood ii, In a tone of gentle deprecation,
your to soften by a formal |
1340 Gaw. & Gr. Knut. 1219 Bot wolde 3e, lady louely,
pen a me grante, & deprece your prysoun [prisoner], &
pray hym to ryse.
(Of uncertain etymology. Defrece occurs in the same
poem as a spelling of Derress v., but no sense of that word
suits here. OF. had desfresser to free from a press, free
from pressure. OF, despriser to let out of prison, release
from confinement, app. agrees in sense, but not in form.]
Deprece, var. of DEPRESS v.
De t (diprifiant), a. [ad. L. dépre-
tiant-em, pr. pple, of depretiare: see next.) De-
peecieting.
1885 F. Hatt in Nation XL. 466/2 Whois so superfluously
self-depreciant and lowly-minded. L
te (diprifieit), v. Also depretiate.
[f..L. dépretiat- (-ciat-), ppl. stem of dépretiare (in
med.L. commonly spelt dépreciare), f, De- I,1 +
pretium price, Cf. mod.F. déprécier (Dict. Acad.
1762).]
{ trans. To lower in value, lessen the value of.
win 4 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 1v.x. 205 A method..which
much depreciates the esteeme and value of 1664
Power xf. Philos. 1. $3 As these dioptrical Glasses, do
heighten and illustrate the Works of Nature, so do they ..
tos Hcah chenetn depreciated tea Linge toaaty
Vv. 102 thought it ted the Dignity ragedy
to raise a Smile, 1862 Fraser's Mag. Nov, 631 Our archi
tectural reputation, never high, is still more depreciated by
the building at South Kensington.
b. sfec. To lower the price r market value of;
to reduce the purchasing power of (money).
Junius Lett, ii. 13 His bounty .. this writer would in vain’
depreciate. 1865 Dickens A/ut. Fr. ut. ix, 1 don’t like to
— = oe on yr If. 1875 — — “—)
. 1x Pleasure 0] is depreciated as relative, w
good is exalted as absolute. 3
absol, 175% Jounson Rambler No. 93 ® 13 The duty of
criticism is neither to depreciate nor Renify by ial re-
presentations. 1804 M/an in Moon No. 189 He de-
reciates from the merits of the very man he had aera
fore. 1882 A. W. Warp Dickens iii. 54 At the bottom
lay a desire to depreciate. .
3. intr. To fall in value, to become of less worth.
@ 1790 FRANKLIN A utobiog. (1889) 118 The wealthy inhabi-
tants oppos’d .. all paper currency, from an nsion
that it would depreciate. 1796 Morse Amer. &
This breed of horses has much depreciated of late. rash
De Quincey Is. (1862) V. 62 A lly to have d jated
as he grew older and better known to the world. 1884
Manch, Exam, 8 May 5/3 Conditions which caused property
to depreciate.
Depreciated (dipri‘fije'téd), pp/. a. [f. prec.
+-ED.] Lowered in value or estimation.
Depre‘ciating, é/. s. [-1Nc!.] The action
of lowering in value, price, or estimation ; depre-
ciation.
1705 Stannore Paraphr. 1.141 A wilful depretiating of
one’s own Worth. 1767 Biackstone Conem. Th. 282 What-
ever tends to the destruction, or.depreciating the value, of
the inheritance. 1 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) 11. 403
Open depreciatings and ridicule can do no good.
Depre‘ciating, 4//. a. [-1Nc*.] That de-
section: that lessens or seeks to lower the value
of anything ; that is declining in value.
M Amer. Geog. 1. Thi iati
Srncy wae aimoot the shty taeda of eatin, seas Werte
— —— the only . 9
Ett /ist. Induct. Sc. (1857) I. iii. 1 depreciatin;
manner in which he [Delam Jhabitually speaks of. peoen 4
nomers. 1860 Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. 1x. xii. § 4, I never
heard him say one depreciating word of living man,
Hence Depre‘ciatingly adv., in a depreciating
manner; disparagingly.
1837 Fraser's Mag. XV. 328 That gentleman spoke of the
National Gallery very eciatingly. F. Hait
Vdsavadattd Pref. 22 note, A poet g ingly de-
Literary
clares [etc.]. 1868 M. Parrison Academ, Org. ii.
men ..are apt to think depreciatingly of the yasa
ci
tion (diprifiz*fan) [n. of action
from Depreciate v. ; so mod.F. dépréciation (1784
in Hatzf.).] The action of depreciating.
1. Lowering of value; fall in the exchangeable
value (of ey
1767 hg yt sen IV. 90 é of the
‘ orse A mer. Geog. depreciati
conten Bat avert and even a lenared and fifty
nominal paper dollars, were hardly an equivalent for one
Spanish milled dollar. 18a9 1. Taytor Exthus. ix. 225
A great depreciation of the dard of ones
Lo 1879 H. Fawcerv in 19¢h Cent, Feb, 200 Within
the few years there been a most serious
in the value of silver when compared with gold,
2. Lowering in estimation ; dis; ment.
1790 Br. T. Burcess Serm. Divin. Christ, Note iii, Dan-
gerous .. to form comparisons. .where the preference of one
tends to the depreciation of the other. 1831 Lama Z/ia,
Ellistoniana, Resentment of depreciations done to Bs more
lofty intellectual pretensions, 187a Gro. Exior Afi b
"Deprecintive (arprr fic preci: tek a a.
speqpociaaive (ctper, Vv), @. depretiat-
(see DEPRECIATE ¥.) + -IVE. ” Characterized by
depreciating ; given to de on ; depreciatory.
ay pig at orn ed ‘ 4
preciator (diprifije'ter). [a. L. dépretiator
(déprec-) (Tertull.), agent-n. f. i@re to Dr-
PRECIATE.] One who depreciates.
3799 V Knox Consid. Lord's Supper(R.\, The
t
depreciators
of the Eucharist, ws) baie gen Hapa Ce (ed. EH A
Khig! bate teed Ge shout chavs’ ey! de-
preciators of the currency.
Depreciatory (</prffiitari), a, [f. L. type
*depretiatori-us, f. or; see prec. and
-ory,] Tending to 3 of disparaging
180g W. Tavior in Aun, Rev. III. 57 This account. .is too
. 1875 Jowett Plato(ed. 2) V. 59, Lhave a word
to say .. may seem to be iatory of legislators,
DEPREDABLE.
+ Depre‘dable, «. Ols. [f. stem of L. deprw-
dire or F. dépréder (see DEPREDATE) + -BLE.]
Liable to be preyed upon or consumed.
1640 G. Watts tr. Bacon’s Adv. Learn. w. ii. 201 The
juyce and succulencies of the body, are made less depred-
able, if either they be made more indurate, or more dewy,
and oyly. 1656 Biount Glossogr., Depredable, that may
be robbed or spoiled.
+ Depre* . Sc. Obs. [agent-n. f. a vb. *de-
prede, a. F. dépréder, ad. L. dépredare to Dr-
PREDATE; perh. directly repr. a F. *déprédeur.]
= DEPREDATOR ; ravager.
1535 Stewart Cron, Scot. 11, 304 Tua vneristin kingis ..
Depredaris alss of halie kirk also.
epredate (de‘pride't), v. [f. ppl. stem of L.
dépredare to pillage, ravage, f. De- 1. 3 + pradire
(-avi) to make booty or prey of, f. prada booty,
prey: Cf. F. dépréder.) :
+1. trans. To prey upon, to make a prey of; to
plunder, pillage. Ods. (or nonce-wa.)
16st N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. u. vi. (1739) 30 That cor-
rupt custom or practice of depredating those possessions
ary toaholy use. 1654 H. L’Estrance Chas. / (1655) 126
Such things as had been depredated and scrambled away
from the Crown in his Fathers minority. 1677 Hate Prinz.
Orig. Man. w, viii. 369 Animals. .which are more obnoxious
to be preyed upon and depredated. [1886 Pall Mall G.
2 Oct. 4/1 These animals [tigers and leopards] are common
in Corea, and depredate the inhabitants in winter.]
b. fig. To consume by waste. Ods.
1626 Bacon Sylva § 209 It [Exercise] maketh the Substance
of the Body more Solid and Compact ; and so less apt to be
Consumed and Depredated by the Spirits. 1662 H. Stuspe
Ind. Nectar iii. 65; They & depredate, and dissolve, by way
of colliquation, the flesh, A
2. intr. To make depredations. (affected.)
1797 Mrs. A. M. Bennett Beggar Girl (1813) 1. 250 If
none are allowed to depredate on the fortunes of others.
1799-1805 S. TuRNER Anglo-Sa-x. (1836) I. tv. iii. 283 Rag-
nar Lodbrog gepretaied with success on various parts of
Europe. 1888 Boston (Mass.) Find. 20 Oct. 2'4 Wolves ..
invade farm yards and depredate upon chickens and calves.
Depredation (depridé! fan). [a. F. dépréda-
tion, in 15th c. depredacion (Hatzf.), ad. L. dépra-
détién-em plundering, n. of action from dépredire :
see prec.]
1. The action of making a prey of; plundering,
pillaging, ravaging ; also, + plundered or pillaged
condition (0ds.).
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 343/2 Somme .. seyng his depre-
dacion entryd in to his hows by nyght and robbed hym. 1494
Fanyan Chron. vu. 354 By_y° depredacion & brennynge
of our manours. 1618 Jas. Lin Fortesc. Papers (Camden)
58 Touching his [Raleigh’s] actes of hostilitie, depredation,
abuse .. of our Commission. 1783 Jounson Lett. to Mrs.
Thrale x July, Till the tslghboartenod should have lost its
habits of depredation. 1832 Hr. Martineau /redand vi. 92
When he heard of the acts of malice and depredation.
b. Sc. Law. (See quot.)
1861 W. Beit Dict. Law Scot. 278 Depredation or Her-
ship, is the offence of aime away numbers of cattle or
other bestial, by the masterful force of armed persons. . The
punishment is capital.
¢. An act of spoliation and robbery; /. ravages.
1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 9 Preamb., Robberies, felonyes,
es riottes and other greate trespaces. 1611 SPEED
Theat, Gt. Brit. xxviii. (1614) 55/1 In the depredations of
the Danes. | 1688 in Somers 7racts II. 383 For redressing
the depredations and robberies by the Highland Clans. 1798
Ferrtar Jélustr, Sterne vi. 169 Sterne truly resembled
Shakespeare's Biron, in the extent of his depredations from
other writers, Lavy Hersert Cradle L. vii. 202
Subject .. to continual depredations at the hands of the
Bedouins. :
2. fig. + a. Consumption or destructive waste of
the substance of anything. Obs.
1626 Bacon Sylva § 91 The Speedy Depredation of Air
upon Watery Moisture, and Version of the same into Air,
P h in... the sudden discharge .. of alittle Cloud of
Breath, or Vapour, from Glass. 1 ets Bacon's Life &
Death Pref. ? The one ig the ption, or De-
specs of the Body of Man; The other, touching the
eparation, and Renovation of the same, 1651 Biccs Vew
Disp. 124 The depredation of the strength, and very sub-
stance of our bodies. | e
b. f/. Destructive operations, ravages (of disease,
physical agents).
1663 CowLry Death Mrs. K. Philips 4 Cruel Disease !. .the
fairest Sex .. thy Depredations most do vex. 1750 Jounson
Rambler No. 74 ? 2 Peevishness .. may be considered as
the canker of life, that creeps on with hourly depredations,
1875 Lyett Princ. Geol. 11. 1. xxvii. 51 [They] perished ..
by the depredations of the lava.
Hence Depreda‘tionist, one who practises or
approves. of depredations.
1828 Bentuam IVs. (1843) X.
people may be divided into two cl
.-#fid the oppressionists.
Depredator (de‘prideitar). [a. L. dépredator,
agent-n. from dépradare (see DEPREDATE) ; perh.
immed. ad. F, déprédateur (14th ce. in Hatzf.,
not in Cotgr. 1611, in Dict. Acad, 1798).] One
who, or that which, preys upon or makes depreda-
tions; a ravager, plunderer, pillager.
1626 Bacon Sylva § 492 They be both great Depre-
datours of the Earth. 1646 J. Hay //ore Vac, 143 Hawking
.. is ..a generous exercise, as well for variety of depra-
dators as preys. 1799-1805 S. Turner Anglo-Sax. (1836)
Luni. ag had been but petty and partial depre-
ors. 1814 Scorr /Vav. xv, The depredators were twelve
581 The enemies of the
3 the depred
ionists
219
Highlanders. 1851 Beck's Florist 100 If you should be
annoyed by a small black insect .. use every means to en-
courage the plants .. by brushing the depredators from the
points of the shoots.
Depredatory (d/pre‘dateri, de‘pr/dé'tari’, a.
[£ L. type *déprwdatori-us, {. dépradator: see
prec. and -ory.} Characterized by depredation ;
plundering, laying waste.
1651 tr. Bacon's Life & Death 38 That the Spirits and Aire
in their actions may be the less depredatory. 1771 Mac-
PHERSON /xutrod. Hist. Gt. Brit. 29 The irruption of the
Cimbri was not merely depredatory. 1799-1805 S. Turner
Anglo-Sax. (1836) I. ut. i. 149 More fortunate than their de-
predatory countrymen who had preceded them.
+ Depre'dicate, v. Ols. rave. [f. De- 1. 3+
PREDICATE v.] To proclaim aloud; call out;
celebrate.
1550 VERON Gadly Sayings (1846) 148 Do not nowe the
enemyes of the truth..as they are syttyng on theyr ale
benches, depredycate and saye: Where is extortyon,
bryberye and pyllynge nowe a dayes most used? 1659
Hammonp Ox /’s, Annot. 1 The Hebrew .. which in Piel
signifies to praise, or celebrate, or depradicate. 1674 Hick-
MAN Quinguart, Hist, (ed. 2) 237, | wish .. that he had not
depredicated the invincible constancy of Mr. Barret, as he
doth,
+ Deprehend (depr/hend), v. Oés. [ad. L.
déprehend-cre to take or snatch away, seize, catch,
detect, etc., f. De- I. 2 + prehend-cre to lay hold
of, seize. J .
1. “rans. To seize, capture ; to arrest, apprehend,
1532 More Sey ae Barnes vii. Wks. 758/1 He would
.. cause them to be deprehended and taken. a@1572 Knox
Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 1. 6 About the year of God 1431, was
deprehended in the Universitie of Sanctandrose, one named
Paull Craw, a Bohame .. accused of heresye. a 1639 Sror-
tiswoop //ist. Ch. Scot. vi. (1677) 390 With him were de-
prehended divers missive Letters .. signed by the Earl. 1657
S. Purcnas Pol, Flying Ins. 1. v.11 Least they should be
deprehended for theeves. 1834 Hoce Mora Campbell 638
‘Two wives at once to deprehend him,
2. To catch or detect (a person) in the com-
mission of some evil or secret deed; to take by
surprise.
1529 More Comf. agst. Trib. 1. Wks. 1148/1 [Achan]
myghte wel see that he was deprehended and taken agaynst
hys wy* 1543 Grarton Contin, Harding 583 Yf he were
deprehended in lyke cryme. 1574 Wuitcirr Def Aunsw.
ii. Wks. 1851 I. 272 Touching the woman deprehended in
adultery. 1622 Donne Sev. i. 6 When Moses came down
from God, and deprehended the people in that Idolatry to
the Calfe. 1677 Cary Chronol, 11, 1. 11, iii. 228 Being de-
prehended a Confederate with S6, King of A°gypt.. this
stirred up the King of Assyria against him.
b. To convict or prove guilty (of).
1598 GreneweEY Zacitus’ Ann, 1. xi. (1622) 80 Noting the
countenance, and the feare of euerie one of such, which
should be deprehended of this shamefull lauishing.
3. To detect or discover (anything concealed or
liable to escape notice).
1523 in Burnet //ist. Ref II. 105 The more the said Breve
cometh unto light .. the more falsities may be deprehended
therein. 1607 TorseL. Mou, Beasts (1658) 430 The fraud. .
is easily deprehended, for both the odour and the colour are
different from the true amber. 1626 Bacon Sy/va § 98 The
Motions of the Minute Parts of Bodies .. are Invisible, and
incurre not to the Eye; but yet they are to be deprehended
by Experience. a 1683 WHicHcoTeE Sermz. (1698) 22 If it [our
Religion] had been a Cheat and an imposture it would have
been deprehended in length of Time.
b. With subord. cl.
1531 Exyor Gov. 1. xiv, In the bokes of Tulli, men may
deprehende, that in hym lacked nat the knowlege of
geometrye, ne musike, ne grammer, 1663 Biair A ufodiog.
vii. (1848) 89 We deprehended it to be a mere delusion. 1675
R. VAUGHAN Coinage 30 Easily deprehend if there be mixture
of allay amongst it.
Hence + Deprehe'nded ///. a., caught in the act.
1655 Jer. Taytor Unum Necess. ix. § 1 (R.) Of the thief |
on the cross and the deprehended adultress. 1660 — Duct.
Dubit. um. i. rule 1 § 12.
+ Deprehe'ndible, ¢. Os. [f. L. dprehen-
dére + -BLE.] Capable of being detected.
1660 H. More Myst. Godliness vu. ii. 288 The foolery of it
{is] still more palpably deprehendible.
+ Deprehe‘nsible, 2. Ods.
ppl. stem of déprehend-cre + -BLE.] = prec.
1653 H. More Antid. Ath. 11. iii. (1712) 94 His presence
was palpably deprehensible by many freaks and pranks
that hes played. 1660 N. InceLo Bentivolio § Urania u.
(1682) 6x Operations which are Regular and deprehensible
by Reason.
Hence + Deprehe-nsibleness; + Deprehe'n-
sibly adv.
1664 H. More A/yst. Znig. 1. 1. viii. P13 Which if they doe
very grossely and deprehensibly here. 1727 Battery vol. II,
Deprehensibleness, capableness of being caught or under-
st
+Deprehe'nsion. 0és. [ad. L. déprehension-
em, n. of action from adéprehendére to DEPREBEND.]
The action of catching or taking in the act; de-
tection ; arrest.
x Knicut in J. S. Brewer Reign Hen. VIII, xxviii.
(88) Il. oo Mes’ it be not in any wise known that the
said .. deprehension should come gy dh King. 1612-5 Br.
Hatt Contempl., N. T. w. xv, To be taken in the very act
was no part of her sin.. yet her deprehension is made an
E pehecgard of her shame. 1630 SANDERSON Sevvz. II. 269
¢ next step is for deprehension, or conviction. 1649 JER.
Taytor Gt, Exemp. xvi. ? 9 We must conceal our actions
from the surprises and deprehensions of Suspition.
[f. L. déprehens-,
DEPRESS,
+Depre'nsible, «. Os. [f. L. deprend-cre,
déprens- shortened form of déprehendere, etc.] =
DEPREHENSIBLE ; capable of being detected.
1648 Sir W. Petty Advice to Hartlib 15 Such [qualities]
as are not discernible by sense, or deprensible by Certaine
Experiments.
+Depre‘nsion,. (és. [cf. prec.] = Drrrenrn-
SION,
1654 Gayton Pleas. Votes iv. vi-vii. 214 Shame and
deprénsion is a better friend.
Depress (dépre's\, v. Also 4 depres’e, de-
prece, 5-7 depresse, (6 dyprease). [a. OF.
dépresser (Godef.), ad. L. type *dépressare (It. de-
pressare), freq. of Wéprimére to press down.
(CE. pressare freq. of premére in L. use.) In Eng.
taken as the repr. of L. dépriméere, ppl. stem
dépress-.]
+1. trans. To put down by force, or crush in
a contest or struggle; to overcome, subjugate,
vanquish, Oés.
o31328 &. LE. Addit. P. A. 777 And pou con alle po dere
out-dryf, And fro bat maryag al ober depres. ¢ 1340 Gaw.
§ Gr. Ant. 6 Ennias be abel and his highe kinde, at sipen
depreced prouinces. 1432-go0 tr. //gdex (Rolls) 1. 145 The
dogges..be so greete and feerse that thei depresse bulles
and peresche lyones. 1529 Frit //stle to Chr. Rar. (1829)
464 Her seed shall depress & also break thy head, 1671
Miron Sasson 1698 So virtue... Depressed and overthrown,
as seem'd.. Revives, reflourishes. 1675 tr. Machiazvedd:'s
Prince iii, (Rtldg. 1883) 20 ‘The kingdom of the Macedonians
was depress'd and Antiochus driven out.
+b. To press hard; to ply closely with qucs-
tions, entreaties, etc. Ods. rare.
€1340 Gaw. & Gr. Aut. 1770 Pat prince [= princess] of
pris depresed hym so pikke .. bat nede hym bi-houed Oper
lach per hir luf, ober to-day refuse.
2. To press down (in space’. Often more widely :
To force, bring, move, or put into a lower position
by any physical action ; to lower.
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 134b, As the belowes,
the more they depresse the flame, the more the fyre en-
creaseth. 1646 Sir Tl. Browne /seud. 7. u. ii. 61 Needles
which stood before .. parallel unto the Horizon, being
vigorously excited, incline and bend downeward, depressing
the North extreame below the Horizon. 1665 Hooke
Alicrogr.17 The globular figure..will be deprest into the
Elliptico-spherical. 1692 in Caft. Smith's Seaman's Gram.
u, ili, g2 A Gunner's Quadrant to level, elevate, or depress
his Gun, 1751 Cuampers Cycl., Depressicn of the Pole,
So many degrees as you .. travel from the pole towards the
equator; so many you are said to depress the pole, because
it becomes .. so much lower or nearer the horizon. 1774 J.
Bryant J/ythol. 1, 321 Vhe Palm was supposed to rise under
a weight; and to thrive in proportion to its being depressed.
1822 Imison Sc. & Art I. 154 Alternately raising and de-
pressing the piston. 1855 Bain Senses & Jt. u. ii. § 13
The sensation of a weight depressing the hand. 1880
Guntuer ‘shes 41 The spines can be erected or depressed
at the will of the fish.
3. fg. To lower in station, fortune, or influence ;
to put down, bring low, humble. Now sare.
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 15 b, Now they lyfte up
man to honours & dignitees, & anone they depresse hym as
lowe in mysery. 1648 Mitton 7cnure A ings Wks. 1738 1.
321 By depressing .. their King far below the rank of a
Subject to the condition of a Captive. r70x Swirt Contests
Nobles & Com..ii, Marius. . used all endeavours for depressing
the nobles, and raising the people. 1777 Rosertson ///st.
Amer. (1778) IL. vi. 280 A people depressed into the lowest
state of subjection. 1857 Buckie Craidiz. 1. vii. 457 Each
of these vast measures has depresssed a powerful party.
+b. To keep down, repress, restrain from ac-
tivity; to put down, suppress ; to oppress. Ods.
@ 1862 in G. Cavendish Wodsey (1818) I. 543, I request his
grace..that he haue a vigilant eye to depress this newe sorte
of Lutherans, that it doe not encrease. 1605 VERSTEGAN Dec.
Intell. vi. (1628) 182 The Conqueror .. had no reason by still
depressing the English to prouoke them to breake all
bounds of obedience. 1617 Frercuer Valentinian 1. iii,
Pray, Depress your spirit. 1679 PENN Addr. Prot. 1. 52
Therefore depress Vice and cherish Virtue. 1773 J. Ross
Fratricide w. 544 (MS.) He..stands.. Depressing the keen-
strugglings of his breast. 1861 O'Curry Lect. 1S. Materials
263 The descendants of the earlier colonists, depressed and
enslaved by their conquerors.
+4. To bring down in estimation or credit; to
depreciate, disparage. Oés.
1550 CrowLey £fzgr. 898 But other mens doynges they
wyll euer dyprease, For other can do nought that may theyr
mynde please. 1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. iv. vii. § 1 They
which disgrace or depresse the credit of others. 1659 Br.
Watton Consid. Considered 1. xv, He... seeks to depresse
the worth of the book. 1699 BentLey Pad. 423 Raise or
depress the Character ofa Man of Letters. 1791 MACKINTOSH
Vind, Gallice 310 The frantic loyalty which depressed
Paradise Lost.
+b. To lower in dignity, make undignified ; to
debase. Ods.
1654 Gayton Pleas, Notes 1. vi. 21 If such abilities depresse
not themselves by meane subjects, but keep up the gravity of
their stiles. 17z1 Appison Sfect. No. 39 ? 6, Cerca a noble
Sentiment that is depressed with homely Language, infinitely
before a vulgar one that is blown up with all the Sound and
Energy of Expression.
5. To lower or bring down in force, vigour,
activity, intensity, or amount; to render weaker or
less ; to render dull or languid, y
Now usually in relation to trade, etc., in which use it is
often associated with sense 6.
1647 May //ist. Parl..1, ix. 110 Which must needs
depresse the strength of England, and keepe it from
28*-2
DEPRESS.
so much
.. raises the I i and dep Judg
Med. Fru. Vill. 78 ‘That accumulation of feces, which
tends to depress and greatly impede the functions, 1
Brewster Oftics xxviii. 233 It depresses the tints in
the two quadrants which the axis of the plate crosses. 1878
Jevons Prim. Pol. Econ. 122 When the trade is depressed,
and when wages and interest are low.
nesse. 1710 STEELE V'atler No. 241 P1 Wine |
220
ible (dépre’sib’l), a. [f. L. dépress-,
' ppl. stem of déprimére (see DEPRESS v.) + -BLE.]
b. To lower in pitch, to flatten (the voice, or a. |
musical note). : ‘
1530 Patscr. 48 Whan the redar hath lyft up his voyce at
the soundyn the said vowel. .he shal, whan he commeth
to the last sillable, depresse his voyce agayne.
Redgauntlet Let. xi, He commenced his tale. .in a distinct
.-tone of voice, which he raised and depressed with con-
siderable skill. 1878 W. H. Stone Sci. Basis Music v. 53
Capable of being depressed (/#¢. and fig.).
— O. W. Hotmes ete akf.-t. bag de ini one of
those young persons .. who are impressil necessit)
de exible when their nervous systems are overtasked. 188:
Gi in Encycl. Brit. X11. ra the hi h
of fain] are, however; doprensbls in ome Siesction only.
(dipre'sin), vd/. sb. [f. Dep:
v.+ -ING!.] The action of the verb Depress ;
| depression.
1824 Scorr ©
If then we make each of the four fifths one-fourth of acomma _
da whole c
flat, the resulting third is dep:
6. To bring into low spirits, cast down mentally,
dispirit, deject, sadden. (The chief current use.)
1621 Burton Anat. Mel. u. iii. 1. (1676) 209/1 Hope
refresheth as much as misery depresseth. ¢ 1698 Locke
Cond. Underst. $39 Others .. depress their own minds,
despond at the first difficulty. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 249
? 5 [he Gloom which is apt to depress the Mind and damp
our Spirits. 1806 J. Fornes Lett. /r. France 11. 321 We
came. .amidst rain and wind, and depressed by ill-forebodings.
1838 Dickens Nich. Nick. xi, ‘This house depresses and
chills one’, said Kate.
+7. Alg. To reduce to a lower degree or power.
1673 Wactis in Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men (1841) I. 561 The
method of depressing biquadratic equations to quadratic.
sere JeAKE Arith, (1696) 372 The Quotients being depressed
by Reduction in Species, may be brought to..4+4 3. 1816
tr. Lacrotix’s Diff. & Int, Calculus 193 This formula furnishes
the means of depressing to unity the index of the denom-
inator.
+ Depre'ss, f//. a. Obs. rare. [ad. L. dépress-
us, pa. pple. of déprimeére: see prec.] = DEPRESSED.
¢ 1660 Hammonn H’ks 1. 259 (R.) If the seal be depress or
hollow, ‘tis lawful to wear, but not to seal with it.
Depressant (d/pre‘sint), a. and sb, Med. [f.
DEPRESS v. ; see -ANT1.]
1641 Witkins Math, Magick 1, iv. (1648) 25 In the depress-
ing, or elevating .. of any weight 1660 Bove New Exf.
Sew Mech. ix. 69 Upon the quick depressing of t
ucker.
i ae ppl. a. [-1NG 2.] That depresses
(see the verb: ; usually in fig. senses, esf: 6; caus-
ing depression or lowness of spirits.
1789 W. Bucnan Dom. Med. (1790) 467 Excessive fear,
grief, anger, religious melancholy, or any of the depressing
passions. 1814 Scotr Wav. viii, The whole scene was
depressing. 1882 Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 205 A lower
studding-sail. .is a depressing sail.
Hence Depre'ssingly adv.
ig in Craic, 1869 E. A. Parkes /’ract. Hygiene (ed. 3)
369 The lowering the external temperature..acts very
depressingly on the very young and old. 1893 Nat. Observer
23 Dec. 137/2 An effect of profound isolation. .depressingly
real, suddenly encompas me.
|
DEPRESSOR.
te. Disparagement, depreciation, -Obe: i
1628 Fevtnam Kesolves 11. Ixxiii, ‘Thus depressing others,
is [ } seeketh to raise it selfe, and by this
aa, Br, Watton nD cae rane
| Things which tend to the depression of the of the
Hebrew Text.
5. A lowering in quality, vigour, or amount; the
state of being lowered or reduced in force, activity,
a: etc. ; in mod. use ee trade. -
xsittant Ref. P depression
wile + anergy onl noes era ire war. 1826 Ann. Kae
jon i ufactures and
1 A continuance of that jon in
64/1 There is not in actions, as is in qualities, a simple
scale of elevation depression. 1886 (tite), Third Report
of the Royal C ission appointed to into the De-
or a musical note).
1845 Stoppart in Lucycl. Metrop. 1. 176/1 Aslight degree
of e! vation ox tepresiian, pt tens eotbenanet of coeie
| ness or force, serves to mark a very sensible difference in the
| emotion meant to be expressed. 1878 W. H. Stone
music should be
Depression (diprefon). [ad. L. dépression-em,
n. of action f. déprimére to press down, depress :
perh. immed. a. F. dépression (14th ec. in Hatzf..]
| The action of depressing, or condition of being |
|
A. adj. Having the quality of lowering the
activity of the vital functions ; sedative.
1887 4 thenzum 13 Aug. 217/1 The depressant and narcotic
action. 1892 N. Moore in ict. Nat. Biog. XXIX. 221/1
‘The depressant treatment of fever.
B. sé. A medicine or agent having this quality; |
a sedative.
1876 Gross Dis. Bladder 267 The heart's action is reduced
with aconite and other depressants. 1890 Standard 19 Nov.
3/6 Malaria and heat are remarkable depressants.
Depressed (d/pre'st, foct. dipre’séd), ffi. a.
Also 7-9 deprest. [f. DEPRESS v. + -ED!.]
1. Pressed down; put or kept down by pressure
or force.
1609 Daniet Civ. H’ars vy. i, Close smothered lay the lowe
depressed fire. 1774 Gotosm. Nat. //ist. (1776) I. 191 ‘The
deeper any body sinks, the greater will be the resistance of
the depressed fluid beneath.
b. Her. =DEBRUISED. (In mod. Dicts.)
2. Lowered, sunken, or low in position; lower
than the general surface : opp. to e/evated.
1658 Wittsrorp Natures Secrets 71 High exalted places,
and low depressed dales. 1823 Crass Zechnol. Dict., De-
pressed Gun, any piece of ordnance having its mouth
depressed below t a Kacionial line. 1869 Puituirs Vesuz.
ii. 13 In the centre of the old depressed crateral plain.
3. Having a flattened or hollowed form, such as
would be produced by downward pressure ; spec.
said of convex things which are flattened verti-
cally (opposed to COMPRESSED) ; e.g. a depressed’
arch, :
1753 Cuampers Cycl, Supp. s.v. Leaf, Depressed Leaf,
one which has the mark of an impression on one side. 1828
Starx Elem, Nat. Hist. 1. 266 Chelidones. Bill very short,
much depressed. 1845 Linviey Sch. Bot.v. (1858) 56 Legumes
snail-shaped, depressed-cylindrical. 1874 Luspock Orig. &
Met, Ins. i.17 The larva of Coccinella .. is somewhat de-
pr a
4. fig. Lowered in force, amount, or degree.
1832 De ta Becne Geol. Man. 7 Alternately .. under the
influence of a raised and a depressed temperature.
+b. Astrol. Opposed to exalted. Obs.
1430 Lypc. Thebes 1. (1561) Venus directe, and contrari-
ous and de) in Mercurious hous.
+c. Low in moral quality, debased. Ods.
1647 Jer. Tayvtor Lid. Proph. xx. &7 These Propositions
[e.g. ‘the Pope may Dispense with all oaths’) are so deprest.
1661 Boye Style of Seri;
argue a depressed soul than an elevated fancy.
. Brought low, oppressed, dejected, downcast,
etc. ; esp. in low spirits.
16a1 Burton Anat. Med. u. ii. v1. ii, A good Orator alone. .
can comfort such as are afflicted, erect such as are depressed.
¢1790 Wittock Moy, 28 America .. stands ready to receive
the persecuted depressed of every country. 1792 Cow-
rer Let. to Bagot 8 Nov., My spirits have been more
depressed than is common, even with me, 1818 Miss Fer-
rier Marriage xxi, Mrs. Lennox. .seemed more than usually
depressed. 1845 S. Austin Ranke's //ist. Ref. 11. 199 The
fall of the Council of Regency, the d d state of
the nobility in general. 1872 Gro. Exior Middlem. \xxxi,
I thought he looked rather dand dep’ d
Depres: (dépre’stli, -pre‘sédli), adv. [f.
prec. + -LY2.] Ina manner.
“ Sowersy in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club Ul. No. x. 33
Shell clypeiform or depressedly conical. 1880 F. H. Bur-
netr Louisiana g ‘Yes’, the girl replied depressedly.
¢. (1675) 182 That doth much more |
depressed ; a depressed formation ; that which is
depressed: in yarious senses. (Opp. to elevation.)
1. “it. The action of pressing down, or fact of
being pressed down; usually more widely: The |
action of lowering, or process of sinking ; the con-
dition of being lowered in position.
1656 Biount Glossogr., Depression, a pressing or weighing
down. 1 Potrer Antig. Greece Wi. ix. (1715) 78 Flags,
the Elevation whereof was a Signal to joyn Battle, the
Depression to desist. 1803 Med. Fru/. X. 245 With fracture, |
fissure, or depression of a —_— of bone. 1855 Lyett
Elem. Geol. vi. ‘ed. 5) 72, Movements of coe or de-
pression. 1882 Vixes Sachs’ Bot. 825 The curve of growth
follows all the elevations and depressions of the curve of
temperature. =
2. spec. @. Astron., etc. (a) The angular distance
of a star, the pole, etc., below the horizon (opp. to
altitude); the angular distance of the visible hori-
| and was offended.
zon below the true horizontal plane, the Dip of the |
horizon; in Surveying, etc., the angular distance
of an object below the horizontal plane through the
point of observation (opp. to e/evation).
lowest altitude of a circumpolar star (or of the sun
seen from within the polar circle), when it is on
the meridian beneath the pole (opp. to cs/mina-
tion. (c) The apparent sinking of the celestial
pole towards the horizon as the observer travels
towards the equator.
¢ 1391 Cuaucer Asfvol. u. § 25 And than is the de ‘jioun
of the pol antartik, that is to seyn, than is the antartik
by-nethe the Orisonte the same quantite of space. 1594
Buunvevit. Frere. ut. 1. xxxiii. (ed. 7) 346 The depression or
lowest Meridian Altitude of the starres. Bacon Adz,
Learn. . vi. § 10 (1873) 48 He takes knowledge of the de-
ression of the cokes le. 1667 PA. Trans. 11. 438
‘he degree of its [the Needle's]} depression under the Horizon,
1727-51 Cuambers Cycl., Depression of the pole.. Depression
of the visible horizon. 1856 Kane Arct. Exfl. I. viii. 7
The sun's lower culmination, if such a term can be appli
to his midnight depression. :
b. Gunnery. The lowering of the muzzle of a
gun below the horizontal line.
1853 Stocqueter Milit. Encycl., Depression, the pointin,
of = iece of ordnance, so that its shot may be projec
under the point-blank line. |
ce. Surg. The operation of couching for cataract.
1-60 Mayne Expos. Lex., Depression ..a term for one
of the operations for cataract.
3. concr. A depressed or sunken formation on a
surface ; a hollow, a low place or .
1665 Phil. Trans. 1. 42 Of the Nature of the Ground. .and
of the several risings and depressions t . 1789 W.
Bucnan Dom. Med. (1790) 591 A dislocation of the humerus
may be known by a depression or cavity on the top of the
shoulder. 1855 Les Elem, Geol. xxix. (ed. 5) 520 The
Curral is..one of three valleys. .a dd
(6) The |
igs
Crass
| pression is forming over our western coasts. The
Sei.
Basis Music v. 66 The p fully
gone over. .and the modified notes marked. .with a mark of
elevation or depression, according to their specific key
relationship. $
ec. A lowering of the column of mercury in the
barometer or of the atmospheric pressure which is
thereby measured; sfec. in Meteorol. a centre of
minimum pressure, or the system of winds around
it (=CYCLONE 1c).
1881 RK. H. Scorr in Gd. Wo#tis July 454 Barometrical
depressions or cyclones. A/od. Weather Report, A deep de-
The depression
of yesterday has passed over England to the German Ocean.
da. Path. Lowering of the vital functions or
wers ; a state of reduced vitality.
1803 Med. oe X. 116 Great depression..has without
doubt lately shewn itself ina very remarkable manner in the
influenza. 1843 Lever ¥. H/nfon ii, 1 aroused myself from
the depression of nearly thirty hours’ sea-sickness.
B. Meavows Cé:n. Odserv. 38 The inflammatory nature
the local affection was much more severe, and the constitu-
tional depression..more marked. ; A
6. The condition of being depressed in spirits ;
dejection.
1665 Baker's Chron. an. 1660 (R.) Lambert, in great de-
ression of spirit, twice pray'd him to let him escape. 1752
_ eee Rambler No.204?7 He their depression
1857 Mrs. Cartyce Lett. I. Such
horrible depression of spirits. Geo. Euriot Dan. Der.
lxix, He found her in a state deep di » over-
mastered by those di eful miserabl ies.
+7. Alg. Reduction to a lower degree or power.
x Cuampers Cycl., Depression nations. ©
Technol. Dict. Depredon of af ‘Equation Layet
the reducing an equation to lower degrees, as a biq) ic
to a cubic equation, or a cubic toa i
+ Depre‘ssity. Obs. rare—°.
1727 Baitey vol. Il, Depressity, a lowness.
Depressive (</pre‘siv), a. [f. L. dépress-, ppl.
stem of déprimeére to press down, DEPRESS + -IVE.]
1. Tending to press or force down. rare.
1620 Verner Via Recta vii. 112 By reason of their com-
pressiue and depressiue force, they protrude and driue downe
the meats from the stomacke. .
2. fig. Tending to produce depression, esp. of the
spirits ; of depressing nature,
1727 Tuomso€ Britannia 274 Even where the keen de-
pressive North desce: r Misc. in Ann. Reg. 157
A compliance. .would lead her friends into some Ve
sensations. 1847 Mrs. S Lady of Mar A
xxix. 114 In regions so depressive both to the bodily and
intellectual powers. 186 Cornh. Alag. V1. 607 It is a kind
ich followed
VV,
of stimulation... which is not any wu!
pressive reaction.
pg oe a8 ones wihed housand
a Hacker Cent. Sern. (1675) 42. at
coicues and inventions, I howd opak faintly and
si of that supernal Palace. 1832 Cartyie Zs. (1872)
1V. 112 Il-health, and its jitant depr
(dipre’sa1). foe 7 -er, psa [a.
L. depressor, agent-n. from déprimeére, dé - to
press down, DEPRESS. In Or. dépresseur.) :
1. One who or that which depresses (in various
senses; see the verb).
1611 Cotcr., Addaisseur, an abaser..depresser, humbler.
x6ax Br. ba wee Diatribe 112 That. .would haue raised
called the Serra d’ Agoa being almost as deep. 1884 Bower
& Scort De Bary's Phaner. 53 The leaves of the above
Cin the caked opus oity Munch. oom. vs ouegiy es
with the Y ‘anch, Exam. 13 June
a i we Es han
rse warmer. . than the us,
ri Ss. 7 he action of putting down or bringing
low, or the fact or condition of being brought low
it selfe against al and detractors. @ Worton
i Gencke coll, Cur. 1. 219 Those that rayse Ef ever in..
— to be a: the fittest pep 1868 Bars,
causes depressors vi .
2. Anat. and J Phys. & A muscle which depresses
or pulls down the part to which it is attached ;
also attrib. as depressor muscle. b. Depressor
the vagus, the stimulation of
(in station, fortunes, etc.). Now rare. pice te
a1g3q Farru Was. 5 (R.) Bhan fee worldly which lowers the pressure Ls blood. a
spe yim Sn of Bat Dehn | Gu le EE mal ans au
t HY t ti lab A t A, pr y a
baits, ppd ag 174 Mippuxtom Cicero 1, v. 368 The . Man oe og ge 4. an] a Ra
depression of the famiiy, and the ruin of their fortunes. 2872 | 1878, Huxtey Phys. 2. ine eee Gen)
Yeats Growth Comut. 136 The depression of the b , | 1875, “sd Berof. (1879) 138
during the Wars of the Roses. asl ead capes awe ee
+b. Suppression, Ods. . Surg. An instrument for pressing down some
1656 Honnes Six Lessons part or organ.
1845 may tl ge
‘Bly
the truth in both.
1874 apeye eo Mech., Depressor (Surgery), an —
ment like a spatula, used for reducing or
DEPRESSURE.
into place an obtruding part. Such are used in operations
on the skull .. and in couching a cataract. 1883 Syd. Soc.
Lex., Tongue depressor, a flattened metallic plate for de-
pressing the tongue, in order to see the throat.
+Depressure (d’pre'fitis). Ods. [f. L. ppl.
stem depress- + -URE: cf. L. pressiira pressure, f.
premére, press-.]
1. The action of pressing down; = DEPRESSION I.
1699 E. Tyson in Phil. Trans. XXI. 432 That this de-
pressure happened whilst the Bones were Girilasinous:
2. concr. A depressed or sunken part of a surface ;
= DEPRESSION 3.
1621 G. Sanpys Ovid's Met. xut. (1626) 278 The purple
blood from that depressure fled. 1675 Evetyn 7'evra (1776)
38 To fill up the hollows and Depressures of the ground.
1677 PLor O.x/ordsh. 106 Those uniform eminencies and de-
pressures, those waved and transverse lineations. _
3. fig. The action of putting down, bringing low,
or humbling ; debasement ; = DEPRESSION 4, 5.
1656 Jeanes Mixt. Schol. Div. 60 Earthly mindedness,
though it doth no: quite degrade the soule of its immortality
yet it isa great depressure and embasement thereof. 1768-74
Tucker Lt. Nat (1852) 11. 137 To give them an eminence
. above others, which is as well answered by the depressure
of everything else above them, as by their own advance-
ment.
Depreter (Building) : see DEPETER.
Depretiate, obs. form of DEPRECIATE.
+ Depre've, v. Obs. [a. OF. des-, depreuve,
stressed stem-form of desprover to disprove: cf.
Derrove.] By-form of D1sprove.
c14§0 Lonetich_ Grail xlv. 726 What they Cowden seyn
to Cristen lawe, Owther it depreven In Ony Sawe. 1465
Mare. Paston in Lett. No. 506 II. 196 Ye have up an en-
quest to depreve ther wytnesse.
Depreve, obs. form of DEPRIVE.
+ De‘priment, «. (sb.) Obs. rare. [ad. L. de-
priment-em, pr. pple. of déprimeére to press down,
Depness, f. DE- I. 1 + premeére to press.] Depress-
ing; pressing or forcing down.
1713 Deruam Phys. 7 heol. 1. ii. 99 The Attollent and De-
priment Muscles. 1721 Baitey, Depriment [in Anatomy] is
one of the straight Muscles which moves the Ball of the
ye. ;
b. as sb. Something that depresses or lowers.
a1624 Br. M. Smitn Serm. Fob xxix. 14 Praises they
esteeme for bubbles, and applauses for bables .. robes of
scarlet or purple for depriments and detriments.
Depriorize: see De- II. 1.
+Depri'se, v. Obs. rare. [a. F. dpriser in OF.
despriser, f. dé-, des-, L. dis- + priser to Prize. Cf.
Disprise.] ¢vans. To depreciate, undervalue.
c1gso Lynvesay Satyre in Pinkerton Sc. Poems Repr.
(1792) Il. 206 Now quhill the King misknawis the veritie
Be scho ressavit, then we will be depr sit.
+ Depri‘sure. Ods. rare. if. prec. + -URE.]
Lowering in value or esteem, depreciation.
1648 W. Mountacur. Devout Ess. vi, § 2(R.) A great abate-
ment and deprisure of their souls in the account of God.
Deprivable (déprai:vab'l), a. [f. Deprive v.
+-ABLE.] Liable to be deprived ; subject to de-
privation.
1593 Asp. Bancrorr Daung. Posit. u. xii. 61 They [the
Bishops] .. are... depriuable. Hooker Eccl. Pol. v.
Ixxxi. § 10 The persons that enjoy them, possesse them
wrongfully, and are depriuable at all howers. 1660 R.
Suerincuam King’s Suprem. viii. (1682) 70 They may
thereby make him deprivable at their pleasure. Mod. Ad-
vantages of which he is not deprivable.
+ Depriva’do. Obs. rare. [f. Derrivez., or L.
déprivatus deprived, after nouns in -apo from Sp.]
One deprived (of office, commission, licence, etc.).
1728 Nortu Mem. Musick (1846) 133, 1 .. being for many
years an alien to the faculty, and at present a deprivado.
Deprival (diprai-val). [f. Derrive v.: see
-AL J The act of depriving ; DEPRIVATION.
~S
°
1611 CLATER Key Moog be For argues it not a deniall, or
deprivall, — ar6: Eve Disc. 1 Cor. x.5 Wks. (1672)
1.258 A wofull sign of. .
eprival of Eternal life. maesoesrt
Plato (ed. 2) V. 118 Punishing the citizen who offends with
temporary deprival of his rights. 1886 L. O. Pike Fear-dks.
13-14 Edw. ///, Introd. 66 The King. .had thus the power of
institution. .and consequently the power of deprival.
+ De‘private, 7//. a. Obs. rare. f ad. med.L.
déeprivat-us, pa. pple. of déprivare.| Deprived.
1560 RoLLANnb Crt. Venus 1. 252 In verteous werk, scho
beand depriuate..quhill I may bruik my liue, Hir from my
hart I will near depriue.
De-private, v. rare. [f. med.L. deprivat-, ppl.
stem of déprivare: see Deprive.] To deprive.
1832 CartyLe in raser’s Mag. V. 257 Never .. has Man
been. .deprivated of any faculty whatsoever that he in any
era was possessed of. 27h
Deprivation (deprive!fon). [ad. med.L. de-
privation-em, n. of action from deprivare to DE-
PRIVE. F
1. The action of depriving or fact of being
deprived; the taking away of anything enjoyed ;
dispossession, loss.
3533-4 Act 25 Hen. VIII, c. 12 In ieopardie of loss and
depriuacion of his crowne and dignitee roial. a 1635 Naun-
ton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 15 All her deprivations either of life
or Bberey, being legall, and necessitated. 1731 CHANDLER
tr. Limborch's Hist. Inquis. 11. 2 Excommunication, De-
privation of Ecclesiastical Burial. 1794 G. Apams Nat. &
Exp. Philos, U1. xvii. 250[Of evils] there is none more justly
dreaded. .than a deprivation of sight. 1830 D'IsrartiChas. [
III. vi. 79 He accounted these deprivations not among the
221
least of the many he now endured. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2)
IIL. 260 The loss of a son or brother, or the deprivation of
fortune.
tb. Const. from. Obs,
1870-1 Act of Assembly in Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 43 Also
the suspension and deprivation of them therefra. 1579 FuLKE
Heskins’ Parl. 317 She .. was punished with depritiation
from both kindes [in the sacrament]. 1586 T. B. La
Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1. (1589) 654 Danger of deprivation
from all authoritie by them,
2. spec. The action of depriving any one of an
office, dignity, or benefice; dispossession, deposi-
tion ; esp. the depriving an ecclesiastic of a benefice
or preferment as an act of punishment or discipline.
1551 CRANMER Answ. to Gardiner 2 Vhe occasion of your
worthy depriuation and punishment. 1587 FLeminc Contn.
Holinshed \11. 1357/2 Sufficient force whereby the bull of
hir maiesties depriuation might be publikelie executed. 1641
Termes de la Ley 110b, Deprivation is when an Abbot,
Bishop, Parson, Vicar, Prebend, &c. is deprived or deposed
from his preferment for any matter in fact or in Law.
1715 Burnet Own Time (1724) I. 192 Sheldon. .seemed to
apprehend that a very small number would fall under the
deprivation, and that the gross of the party would conform.
1839 Keicutiey //ist. Eng. 11. go A sentence of deprivation
. was pronounced. 1855 Macautay //ist. Eng. IV. 49
Several months had been allowed him [Sherlock] before he
incurred suspension, several months more before he incurred
deprivation. :
LDeprivative (diprivativ), «. [f. med.L. de-
Of, pertain-
privat- ppl. stem + -1VE: see next.]
ing to, or characterized by deprivation.
1727 Baitey vol. Il, Deprivative, of Deprivation. 1865
Reader 3 June 632/2 A man .. entirely lost his sight by the
excessive tse of tobacco. He was..cured by adopting a mild
antipblogistic and deprivative treatment.
Deprive (d/prai'v), v. Also 4-6 -pryve, 5
-preve, -priff. [a. OF. depriver (Godef.), ad.
late L. *déprivare ‘see déprivatio in Du Cange),
f. De- I. 3 + privare to deprive.)
I. 1. trans. To divest, strip, bereave, dispossess
of (formerly + from) a possession. Zo deprive (a
person) of (a thing) = to take it away from him.
¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 255 Depriued pei our Kyng
of alle pe tenement of londes of Gascoyn. «@ 1400-50 -4 de
ander 1469 Pus was Iaudes of ioy and iolite depryued [z. ~
depreuett]. 1426 AupreLay Poems 24 These preletus of her
prevelache thay deprevon. ¢ 1430 Lypa. Bochas (ed. Way-
land) 68 b, He was assented to deprive Worthy Anchus from
his estate royal. 1548 Hatt Chron. I. 17 Kyng Roberte ..
firste deprived the Erle George of all his dignitees and pos-
sessions. 1586 I’. B. La Primaud. Fr, Acad. 1. 218 Henry
the fift by force deprived his father from the empire. 1632
SanvERSON Seve. 30 For his obstinate refusall of Con-
formitie justly deprived from his Benefice in this Diocesse.
1660 BovLe New Exp. Phys. Mech. Concl. 395, | have for
diverse Yeares been deprived of HisCompany. 1782 Priest-
Ley Corrupt. Chr, 1.1. 83 Arius was deprived of his office,
and excommunicated. 1793 Mrs. E. Parsons Homan as
she should be IV. 72 Your uncle .. being deprived from
managing your business. 1875 Jowert /’ato (ed. 2) IV, 283
‘To deprive life of ideals is to deprive it of all higher and
comprehensive aims.
+b. with two objects, either of which might in the passive
become the subject. Ods. Cf. sense 5, in which the personal
object disappears.
c14go tr. De Imitatione 1. xlv, He is depryued very
vertues. 1539 TonstaLe Serm. Palm Sund. (1823) 45, Il wyl
curse him and depriue hym his kyngedome. a 1562 in G.
Cavendish Iolsey (1893) 240 All is depryved me. r62x
Lavy M. Wrotn Urania 352 Why was sweet and dainty
Philistel'a depriued mine eyes? 1667 Mitton /?. Z. 1x. 857
‘Thee I have missed, and thought it long, depriv’d Thy pre-
sence. 31802 Marian Moore Lasced/es II. 240 To deprive
themselves the pleasure of her company. 1814 Mrs. JANe
West Alicia I], 141 My child !.. Even in thy early infancy
Deprived my care.
2. To divest of office ; to inflict deprivation upon ;
esp. in reference to ecclesiastical offices.
c1328 E. E. Allit. P. B. 1738 De-parted is by pryncipalté,
depryued pou worbes, Py rengne rafte is be fro. c¢ 1400
MAunpev. (1839) ili. 20 The Emperour of Costantynoble
maketh the Patriarks .. and depryueth hem .. whan he
fyndeth ony cause. 1513 More in Grafton Chron, (1568) II.
758 Edward revengyng his fathers death, deprived King
Henry, andattayned the Crowne. 1630 XR, Fohuson's King.
§ Comm. 561 He [an officer] is sometime deprived, and
sometime strangled. 1706 Hearne Collect. 15 Feb., The Bp.
..depriv’d him for three years. 1827 Hatiam Const. Hist.
1876) I. vii. 394 Archbishop Bancroft deprived a consider-
able number of puritan clergymen.
absol. ¢1535 Dr. Layton in Lett. on Suppr. Monast.
(Camden) 76 Ye shall not deprive or visite but upon sub-
stanciall growndes.
8. To keep (a person) out of (+/rom) what he
would otherwise have ; to debar from.
1374 CHaucer 7roylus wv. 241 (269) Why wiltow me fro
loye thus depryve? ¢1590 Martowe /aust. iii. 82 In being
depriv’d of eedasting liss. x6xx Biste /sa. xxxviii. 10,
l am depriued of the residue of my yeeres. 1651 Hopses
Govt. & Soc. x. § 2 Subjects. .deprived from all possibility to
acquire. . by their industry, necessaries to sustain the strength
of their bodies and minds, 1663 Gersier Counsel Biva,
A Monster, which deprived also me from a publick imploy-
ment, during the space of seaventeen years. 1771 Funius
Lett. \xiv. 327 The mode of trial. .deprive[s] the subject of all
the benefits of a trial by jury. 1884 Lowett in Daily News
Oct. 2/7 Is it prudent to deprive whole classes of it [the
Hot] any longer?
tb. adsol. Obs. rare-}.
60g Suaxs. Lear t. ii. 4 Should I .. permit The curiosity
of Nations to depriue me.
+¢. Const. with two objects. Oés.
1g90 Martowe 2nd Pt. Tamburl. v. iii, My soul doth
weep to see Your sweet desires depriv’d my Company. 1671
DEPROSTRATE,
Mitton P. R. ut. 23 Wherefore deprive All Earth her
wonder at thy acts? 1694 tr. Milton's Lett. State Sept.
1657, That so signal a prowess and fortitude may never. . be
one the fruit and due applause of all your pious under-
takings.
+4. To remove (from) or cut off from access. Obs.
1542 Boorpe Dyelary viii.(1870) 249 Chambres the whiche
be depryued clene from the sonne and open ayre. 194
Carew asso (1881) 42 Emaus is a Citie, which small space
Doth from royall Hierusalem depriue.
+b. To keep off, avert. Ods. rare—'.
1627 Haxewitt A fol. (1630) 166 Ale was his meate, his
drinke, his cloth, Ale did his death deprive; And, could
hee still have drunke his ale, He had beene still alive.
II. +5. To take away (a possession); to carry
off, remove. Obs.
c1325 EE. Allit. P. B.185 For. .depryue dowrie of wydoez,
Man may mysse be myrbe, pat much is to prayse ¢ 1430
Lypo. Min. Poents (1840) 63 This blissid name .. That, first
of alle, our thraldom can deprive. ¢ 3510 Barciay Airy.
Gd. Manners (1570) E iij b, He sodenly striketh with worde,
or els knife, And .. depriveth name or life. 1593 Suaks.
Lucrece 1186 (Globe) ‘Tis honour to deprive dishonour’d life.
1605 Stow «1 nales 1408 His head was severed from his body
by the Axe at three stroakes, but the first deadly, and abso-
lutely depriuing all sense and motion. 1623 Cockrram,
De; rine, to take away. 1654 tr. Scudery's Curia ol. G6
An inheritance, which. .fortune or ill events have deprived
from them.
Deprived (déproivd), pf. a. [f. Dernive @.
+-ED.] Dispossessed, divested ; bereft ; subjected
to deprivation ; esp. dispossessed of a benefice.
152 Huvorr, Depriued, abactus, detectus de gradu. pri-
ualus. 1710 HEARNE Collect. 2 Mar., No Nonjuring or
depriv'd Bp. @1774 Gotpsm. Surv. Exp. Philos. (1776) I.
168 Birds. .are deprived of this apparatus, 1855 MacauLay
Hist, Eng. 1V. 39 The deprived ArchLishop showed no dis-
position to move. z
SE Deprivement (d/praitvment), Ods. [f. Dr-
PRIVE v.+-MENT.] The action of depriving or fact
of being deprived ; deprivation.
1630 2X. Fohuson's Ningd, §& Conunw, 561 Five have died
naturall deaths after deprivement. 1657 G. Starkey //ed-
mont’s Vind. 3 The deprivement of that knowledge [is] in-
tolerable and not to be rested in. 1691-8 Noxris /’ract, 1)/sc.
223 If..by Deprivements or positive Inflictions he diminish
our Happiness. 1703 D. WiLtiamson Serm. lef Gen, As-
sembly 48 The Deprivement of Presbyterian Ministers has
been double the time of theirs [the Episcopal Clergy].
Depriver (dipraivan. [f. as_ prec. + -ER ']
One who or that which deprives, or takes away
possessions, rights, ete.
©1440 Yacod’s Well E. E.'V.S.) 62 pise dyffoulerys & de-
pryueres of holy cherche. «@ 1541 Wyarr /’oct. IAs. (1861)
it Love slayeth mine heart, while Fortune is depriver Of
all my comfort, a 1658 CLeveLanp Poems 38 ‘T.) Depriver
of those solid joys Which sack creates. 172 Strype ccd.
Mem. L1. xii. 109 These deprivers were so quick. .that they
stayed not for the appearances of the priests to answer for
themselves. |
Depriving (d/prai'viy), vé/. sb. [f. Deprive
v. + -ING!.] The action of DEPRIvE v. ; depriva-
tion.
senses, 1621 F1tz-GEFFR
our lamentation for him at his depriving [= our d. of him].
1705 Hearne Collect, 26 Aug., Against the Depriving of
Bes. by the Civil Magistrate. 1749 Fietpinc 70m Jones
vin_xiv, ‘The depriving it of that power.
+Deproelia‘tion. Ols. [n. of action from L.
dépralidr? to war violently, to battle; f. De- I. 3
+ praliart to fight, pralium a fight, battle.]
1623 Cockeram, Depreliation, a battell.
Deprofessionalize: sce Dr- Il. 1.
De profundis: see Dr I. 7.
+Deprome, v. 06s. rare. [ad. L. dépromésre
to draw out, fetch away, f. De- I. 2 + promére to
bring forth, produce.] ¢vans, To draw out or
forth; to produce.
a 1652 Brome City Wit. i. Wks. 1873 I. 297, I will only
deprome, or take out a little stuffing first. 1654 Z. Coke
Logick (1657) A viij, From it, as from a spirituall Artillery,
you may deprome all weapons of reason. 1657 ‘TOMLINSON
Renou's Disp. 333 Both {artichocks] indeed are depromed
from that tribe.
+Depro'mpt, v. Obs. rare—'. [f.L. deprom}t-,
ppl. stem of dépromére: see prec.] = prec.
1586 Fern Blas. Gentrie 56 From a vayled and couered
speech did deprompt the hidden secrets and witty sentences
of philosophy.
+ Depro‘mption. 0s. rare—°.
f. L. dépromére: see prec.]
1656 BLount Glossogr., Depromption, a drawing or bring-
ing forth.
+Depro‘perate, v. Ols. rare—o. Ef. ppl.
stem of L. deproperare to make great haste, f. Dr-
I. 3+ properare to make haste. ]
1623 CockeraM, Defroferate, to make too much speed,
Hence +} Depropera‘tion,
1727 Battery, Deproperation, a making haste or speed.
+ Depro'strate, a. Ols. rare~'. [f. Du- 1.3
+ Prostrate a.] Extremely prostrate; grovel-
ling.
1610 G. Fretcuer Christ's Vict. 1. xiii, His unsmooth
tongue, and his deprostrate stile.
Deprotestantize, deprovincialize: sce Dr-
TE
[n. of action
DEPROVE.
+ Depro’ve, v. Obs. [Karly var. of desprove,
Disprove: cf. Derreve.] /rans. To disprove,
refute, contradict, disapprove.
-1 Myrr. our Laaye 8 The more presumptuous
wt he =. ynde defaulte and to deproue .. tho thynges
that he vnderstondyth not.
Deptford Pink: see Pink. .
Depth (depp). [In Wyclif depthe ; not found in
OE, or earlier ME.: cf. ON. dypt (dypod), ee
to Goth. diupipa depth, f. diup-, ON. djip-, = OE.
déop Deer. But the formation might be English
after /ength, etc.: cf. the similarly late dreadth, and
see -TH suffix.]
I. The quality of being deep.
1. Measurement or distance from the top down-
wards (or from the surface inwards) ; ant
1393 Gower Conf. 111. go Geometrie, through which a man
hath the sleight Of length, of brede, of depth, of height.
1413 Lyne. ae Sowle vy. xiv. (1483) 107 Alle these thre
dymensions .. that is to seye lengthe, brede and depthe.
1577 B. Gooce Heresbach's Husb. 1. (1586) 98 Trenches of
a cubite in depth and breath. 1635 N. Carrenrer Geog.
Del. u. vii. 104 To find out the absolute depth of the Sea.
1665 Hooke AMicrogr. 235 Filling a Glass of some depth half
full with it. 1796 C. MaxsHatt Garden. v. (1813) 64 The
proper depth at which seed is to be sown. 1858 LarpNer
Handbk, Nat. Phil. 98 \t will be .. necessary to find the
depths at given intervals .. from bank to bank. A/fod. The
arrow penetrated to a considerable depth.
b. Measurement from front to back or inward
from the outer part ; spec. (A/77.) the distance from
front to rear of a body of soldiers as measured by
the number of ranks.
1664 Evetyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 22g Whatsoever Length his
Green-house be, the A should not much exceed twelve
or thirteen feet. 1667 Mitton /. L. 1. 549 Serried Shields
in thick array Of depth immeasurable. 1703 Moxon Mech.
Exerc, 127 What width and depth soever you intend your,
Rooms shall have. 1760-72 tr. Yuan & Ulloa's |oy. ‘ed. 3)
I. 157 It is furbeloed with a richer stuff, near half a yard in
depth, 1832 Regul. /nstr. Cavalry ut. 46 Depth, distance
from front to rear.
2. The quality of being deep, or of considerable
extension or distance downwards, or inwards.
1526 Tinpace A/at?. xiii. 5 Because it had no depth of
erth [Wycuir, Cranmer, depnesse). 1697 Drypen I irg.
Georg. 11. 399 Requires a depth of Lodging in the Ground.
1822 Scorr Nigel xvii, The frequency, strength, and depth
of his potations. J/od. The depth of the snow prevented
our passage. We could not reach it from its depth beneath
the surface.
3. fy. Of subjects of thought: Profundity, ab-
struseness.
1590 Martowr Faustus i, Settle thy studies, Faustus,
and begin To sound the depth of that thou wilt profess.
1605 Br. Haut Med it. & Vows 1. § 53 The humility of those
great and profound wits, whom depth of knowledge hath
not led to bypaths in judgement. 1613 Six H. Fincn Laz
(1636) 57 A great part of the depth and learning of the
Law. 1850 M:Cosu Div. Govt. 1v. ii. (1874) 490 There is a
great depth of meaning in the saying.
b. Of persons, or their mental faculties or actions:
Profundity, penetration, sagacity.
1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. iv. § 2 (1873) 29 Life of inven-
tion, or depth of judgement. 1711 Hearne Col/ect. (Oxf.
Hist. Soc.) III. 108 A Man of extraordinary Depth. 1781
Cowrer Charity 392 He talks of light, and the prismatic
hues, As men of depth in erudition use, 1871 Mortey Vol-
taire (1886) 86 If it is often necessary to condemn him for
superficiality, this lack of depth seldom .. proceeds from
painstaking.
4. Of feelings, moral qualities, or states: Inten-
sity, profundity.
1596 Suaxs. Zam. Shr. v.i. 141 To sound the depth of
this knauerie. 1598 Dravron /ervic. Ep. xxiii. 23 The
depth of Woe with words we hardly sound. 1640 Grar-
THORNE Lady's Priv, wv. i, This cruelty exceeds The depth
of tyranny. 1738 Wescey /’s. & //yntns (1765) cxxxvii, The
Depth of sympathetic Woe! 1869 Freeman Norm. Cong.
(1876) III. xiii. 303 Tostig alone did not stick at this depth
of treason. ‘
5. Of physical qualities or conditions, as silence,
darkness, colour : Intensity.
1624 Davenrort City Nt.-Caf 11, In depth of silence, you
shall confess, ¢ 1820 5. RoGers /¢taly (1830) 132 Cedar and
cypress threw Singly their depth of shadow. 1873 Tynpatt
Lect. on Light iv. 157 A splendid azure, which .. reaches
a maximum of depth and purity, and then .. passes into
whitish blue.
6. Logic. The sum of the attributes contained in
a concept; = COMPREHENSION 4,
1864 Bowen Logic iv. 67 This distinction of Quantity has
been expressed a icians in various ways .. A ical or
Universal whole has € tension, Breadth, Sphere .. A Meta-
hysical or Formal whole has Intension, Depth, Compre-
ension,
II. Something that is deep.
7. A deep water; a deep
any body of water. Usually in
poetic and rhetorical.
1382 Wycur Z.x, xv.
rt of the sea, or of
.; now only
The depe watris couerden hem ;
thei descendiden into the depthe as a stoon, 1388 — /’s.
exlviii. { oe the Lord ; d — and “rreie = $
watris [x lepnessis]. c1g400 Prymer clepi
deppe, in be aE if wyndowis. poy bon Psalms
xvii, 5 Ev’n from the waters depth, my God preserv'd me
soe, 361 Binte Zr, xv. 5 The depths haue couered them.
1816 J. Witson City of Plague i. iv, 152 But I have gazed
with adoration Upon its awful depths profoundly calm.
1820 SueLLey Cloud 24 In the depths of the purple sea.
222
+b. The great abyss of waters; the Deer. Ods.
1382 Wycuir /sa. li. 1o Whether not thou driedist the se,
water of the huge depthe. 1611 Biste Prov. viii. 27 When
he set a compasse vpon the face of the depth.
8. A deep place in the earth, etc.; a deep pit,
cavity, or valley (ods.); #/. the deep or lowest part
of a pit, cavity, etc. (rhet.).
— Lp. Berners /ross. I. xviii. 20 Thus rode forthe all
that
ye, the yonge kyng of Inglande, by and
| deptis. Devoan Virg. Georg. 1. 690 Ev'n lon the
depths of Hell the Damn'd advance. 1852 Mrs. Srowe
Uncle Tom's C. xv, Miss Ophelia, suddenly rising from
the depths of the large arm-chair. 1871 Mortey loltaire
(1886) 4 A demon from the depths of the pit.
9. A vast or unfathomable a an abyss; the
deep or remote part (of space, the air, the sky, etc.).
Usually in f/. (poet. and rhet.)
1613 Purcnas Pilgrimage. ii. 6 An Earth without forme,
and void, a darkened depth and waters. 1697 DrypEN
Virg. Georg. 1. 678 The Depths of Heav'n above, and Earth
below. 1712 Avpison “Sfect, No. 420 P 3 Those unfathom-
able Depths of Ether, 1849 Loncr. Aavanagh v. 32
Measureless depths of air around. 1 Proctor A/yst.
Time & Space 57 With Briarean arms science thrust back
the stars into the depths of space.
10. The inner part far from the surface or outside.
Also in /.
c 1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 60 (MS. B) Brennynge of hote
eyren to be depbe of the wounde ys most proffytable. /é/d.
ot If pat a festre perse .. into depbe it is an imperfizt cure.
1732 Porr £ss. Man 1.101 Some safer world, in depth of woods
embrac'd. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) V. 254 In the
depth of those remote and solitary forests. 1820 SHELLEY
Homer's Hymn to Merc. xxxi, The sacred wood, Which
from the inmost depths of its green glen Echoes the voice
of Neptune. 1887 Bowen Virg. Aeneid 1. 311 Compassed
with trees of the forest and depths of shuddering shade.
ll. The middle (of winter, of night), when the
cold, stillness, or darkness is most intense.
1605 Cuarman AZ Foovles 1. ii, You meet by stealth In depth
of midnight. 1618 Bot.ron /-lorxs (1636) 273 Thongh it were
the depth of Winter. a1764 f
//ead, Nor finish till the depth of night. 1863 Fr. A.
Kemate Nesid. in Georgia 19 In full leaf and beauty in the
very depth of winter. A
12. jg. A deep (i.e. secret, mysterious, unfathom-
able, etc.) region of thought, feeling, or being ;
the inmost, remotest, or extreme part. Now often
in fd.
1382 Wycur Ps. cxxix. 1 Fro depthis I criede to thee, Lord.
1540 CoverDace /'ruit/ Less. v. Wks. 1844 1. 409 God's
Lioyp Poems, New-River |
DEPURATE.
+ ‘cel, -elle, v. Also 5 des-, dispuselle.
[a. F. dépuceler, in OF. desp- (12th c. in Littré), f.
dé-, des-:—L. Dis-+ F. pucelle maiden: see Pu-
CELLE.] ¢rans. To deflower.
. Suirtey Dethe K. Fames (1818) 5 Yn etre |
and d lyng of yong madyns. eae Cosson ears
xut. xv, How she was despucelled by a G: 1483 —
G. de la Tour Evja, Of the doughter of that was
depuceled,
+ Depu'celate, 7. Ols. rave. Also 7 depu-
silate. [f. F. dépuceler: see -aTE® 7. = prec.
1611 Coren, Dafne > to Bay el: SE d a
virgine. 2 Ge y. iv, silated
by your gr thin Uncvanet Soto sat The
bod or r >.
+ “dicate, v. Obs. rare—°. td ppl. stem
of L. depudicadre to debauch, f. Dr- I. 6 + pudic-us
chaste ] “vans. To violate the chastity of, deflower.
1623 in Cockeram. 1656 in BLount Glossogr.
t Depudorate, v. Obs. rare. [f. De- II. 1+
L. pudor shame, modesty.] ‘trans. To deprive of
shame, make shameless.
1678 Cupwortu /xtel/. Syst. 1. iv. 193 Their Minds are..
Depudorated or b so void of Sh , as that [ete,].
Depullulation. nonce-wd. [noun of action
f. L. De- I. 2+ pullulare to sprout out, f. pud/ulus
chick, sprout.] Removal or plucking off of sprouts.
1839-40 De Quincey ener 4 ks. VIII. 252 It is .. by
the everlasting depullulation of fresh sp shoots from
old boughs, that this enormous accumulation takes
Depulper (d/pmlpa1). [f. *depulp vb. (in
med.L, depulpare ; ‘ depulpo =dmrocapxa’ in L.-Gr.
Gloss.) +-En'.] An apparatus for romans Pn
1882 Sron Encycl. Manu7. 1839 (Beet-sugar) " term
‘depulpers’ has been applied toa class of apparatus rendered
necessary by the inability of the ordinary filters to com-
pletely remove the fine pulpy matters from the juice. They
are really nothing more than effective mechanical filters.
+ Depulsa‘tion. Os. rare—°. [n. of action
from L. dépulsdre to thrust away: see DEPULSE ]
1727 Battey vol. II, Defudsation, a thrusting or driving
| away or repelling.
word is even as atwo-edged sword, and entereth through to |
the depth. c1sgz Maktowr ass. Paris 1. viii, Having
a smack in all, And yet didst never sound anything to the
depth. rg92 Suaks. Nom. & Ful. 11. iv. 104, 1 was come to the
whole depth of my tale. 1665 J. Srencer ludy. Prophecies
96 Not acloudy expression drops from them but it is christned
a depth and a great mystery. 1813 Suettey Q. Maé v1. 187
From the depths of unrecorded time. 1874 Heirs Soc. Press.
iii. 54 Imagine that there were no such depths of degradation.
III. 13. Phr. Beyond or out of one's depth:
Zit. in water too deep for one to reach the bottom
without sinking ; Ag. beyond one’s understanding
or capacities.
1613 Suaxs. //en. V///, un. ii. 361, | haue ventur’d Like
little wanton Boyes that swim on bladders ..in a Sea of
Glory, But farre beyond my depth. 1 Pore Ess. Crit.
so Launch not beyond your depth, but discreet. 1712
Avpison Sfect. No. 403 ® 7 Finding them going out of my
Depth I passed forward. 18a /’ad/ Mad/G. 19 Jan. 4/3 He
remained three hours in the water, afraid to move, lest he
should get out of his depth.
IV. Comd. depth-gauge, a gauge used to
measure the depth of holes; depth-wise adv., in
the way or direction of depth.
1814 W. ‘T'avior in Monthly Mag. XX XVIII. 214 A viola-
tion of unity of scene, not sidewards, but depthwise.
Depthen, v. rare. [f. Dertn: cf. dengthen,
| strengthen, heighten, etc.) trans. = DREPEN.
1587 Fixminc Contn. //dlinshed 11. 1547/1 One pent of
water had so scowred and depthened the same [ uen’s
mouth]. 1723 Lond. Gas, No. 6148/1 An Act for depthning
.. and improving the Haven and Piers of Great Yarmouth.
Hence De‘pthening vé/. sd. and ffl. a.; depth-
ening-tool (see next).
, vol. sb. [f. assumed vb. depth =
DerrHen + -1NG!.] In depthing or depthenings
tool: @. a countersink for deepening a hole; b.
a watchmaker’s tool for gauging the distances of
pivot-holes in movement plates.
1788 Zrans. Soc. Arts V1. 188 Description of the sector
depthing tool [in Horology). 1879 Cassell’s Techn, Educ.
IV. ey J Supposing we ped a wheel and pinion into the
depthing tool, with sixty-four teeth and eight leaves respec-
tively, 1884 F. J. Barrren Watch § Clockm. 8 Accuracy
of construction is absolutely ial in the depthing tool.
De ess (de'pplés), a, [-LEss.
1. Of which the depth cannot be soun
less ; abyssal. ;
1619 H. Hurton Follies’ Anat. 22 A sabariticke sea, a
depthlesse gulfe. 1620 Dekkex Dreante (1860) 13 Were.. My
n of pointed adamant .. Mine inkeadepthlesse sea. 1654
©. Jounson Wond. wrkg. Provid. 132 The dep:hlesse ditches
that blind guides lead into. 1828 Blackw. Mag. XXIV. 159
‘The salt flood’s limitless—depthless waters.
2. Without depth actually; shallow, superficial.
1816 Corertnce Biog. Lit., etc. (1882) 318 The depthless
abstractions of fleeting ph " shadows of sailing
vapours. — Aids Ref. (1854) 122 The breadthless lines,
depthless surfaces, and perfect circles of geometry.
1; fathom-
+ Depulse, v. Obs. [ad. L. dépulsare to thrust
away, freq. of dépellére, f. De- 1. 2 + pellére, puls-,
to drive, push; see DepxL.] ¢rans. To drive or
thrust away, thrust down.
c1sss Haresriecp Divorce Hen. idee He that
married his brother's wife. .depulsed the shame i y
of barrenness, 1 Foxe 4. & AZ. (1596) 535/1 Whic'
. not onlie thrust into heauen. .saintes of your owne making
.- but also depulse downe from h .. Gods welbel
seruants., 1623 Cockeram, Defuése, to drive away, to thrust
one often away.
+ Depulsion (dipylfan). Ods. [ad L. dé-
pulsion-em, n. of action from dépellére to drive
away: see pea The action of driving or
thrusting away ; expulsion; repulsion.
1611 Srvep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xvi. $94 (After her Husbands
depulsion from his regall Throne) her forces being vanquished
at the battell of Tewksbury. 1638 Witxins New World 1.
1684) 163 | They] cannot have any Power of Attraction or
pulsion in them. ‘
+ Depu'lsive, a. Oés. [f. L. dépuls-, ppl. stem
of dépellére: see -1vE: cf. impulsive.) Having the
quality of driving away ; averting ; og lactic.
c 1615 C. More Life Sir 7. More —_ whole-
some depulsive triacle..against this. .deadly infection.
+Depu'lsor. O/s. In 6 depoulsour. [a. L.
dépulsor, agent-n. from dépellére: see DEPULSE.
Cf. OF. depulseur (Godet.).] One who drives
or thrusts away ; a repeller, tos Halil
U E » Apoph. .) Hercules was
in ide Hog a sore fol ar Le pic maer that
is, ‘onto and driver awaye of all eui
Ils,
pu'lsory, a. Ols. [ad. L. dépulsdri-us, f.
dépulsor ; see prec, and -ory.] = DEPULSIVE.
1609 Hoitann Amm, Marcell. xxv. ii. 263 Making sup-
plication. .unto the gods by the meanes of certaine depelaaris
sacrifices,
+ Depu’ v. Sc. Obs. In6 depulje, -uil3zie.
[ad. F. trhehy i in OF; deip-.] = Despon,
1513 DovGtas 4xneis wv. vii. 80 Lyk emetis .. Quhen thai
depulze the meikle bing of quheit.
+ (dpitirant,de*piu-),a, and sd, Aled,
ad, med.L. dépirant-em, pr. pple. of dépirare
"A. adj. Purifying; Med, Having the quality of
ij. Purifying ; Med. Having the quality o!
mes the blood "or other fluids of the 4
a . A medicine or substance which has
ore Cc. Wi The: 8: Ww: |
Cc, y ter acts not on
ohn: tthe agent Soa
> i. or
cpurant, purifying ; cleansing. the R Hi a
kind of di hat purifies y.
“+ Bepurate, pla. Obs. ad. med.L. dep
rat-us, pa. pple. of dépiirdre (see next): in F,
with so depurate
Goan Celest. Bodies m. ii. 428 “seal ano, and “tt ppl ;
Depurate (dipiiivreit, v. ppl.
stem of med.L. dépiirdre, f. Dx- I. 3+pirare to
Pity, purus Cf. F. dépurer Ser ce. in
atzf.), Pr. Sp. depurar, It. depurare.
DEPURATION.
1. trans. To free fr8in im urities, purify, cleanse.
1620 VENNER V’7a Recta Introd. 8 It [water] is the better
depurated with the morning Sunne, and pure orientall
Windes. 1685 Boy. Zfects Motion Suppl. 136 Let the
Gums be depurated with the Vinegar of Squills. 175x Bayiy
in Phil. Trans. XLVII. 29 Sufficient to depurate the blood.
1800 Howarp 7éid. XC. 218 It had been depurated from
excess of alkali, 1880 Havucuron Phys. Geog. iii. 78 The
luxuriant Flora of the Coal period—which served.to depu-
rate the atmosphere of its Carbonic Acid.
Jig. 1681 GLanvitt Sadducismus 148 Their Imagination
is not sufficiently defecated and depurated from the filth ..
of Corporeity. 1780 Burke Speech at Bristol Wks. 1842
I, 263 It was long before the spirit of true piety .. could be
depurated from the dregs and feculence of the contention.
1832 Fraser's Mag. V1. 602 Will you not feel your being
depurated of its accustomed weaknesses ? ee?
. intr.(for reft.) To become free from impurities.
1767 Monro in /Ai?. Trans. LVII. 497 After it had stood
for a month to depurate, it was again filtered.
Hence Depurated ///. a., Depurating v/. sb.
and ffl. a.
1651 Bicas New Disp. » 124 The depurated bloud from
he vena cava, 1762 tr. Busching’s Syst. Geog. 1. 179
ulphur is also found .. but the melting and depurating of
it is too chargeable. 1781 PAi7. Trans. LXXI. 41 The
quantity of depurated salt they will afford. 1840 Baruam
Ingol. Leg., Spectre of Tapp., They had come under the
valet’s depurating hand. 1844-57 G. Biro Urin. Deposits
(ed. 5) 63 The depurating functions of [the] kidneys.
Depuration (depiuré'fon). [a. F. dépuration
(13th c. in Littré), or ad. med.L. dépiratiin-em
(It. depurazione, Sp. depuracion, Pr. depuracio),
n. of action from a@épirare to DepuRatE.] The
action or process of freeing from impurities; puri-
fication, refining ; in A/ed, the removal of impurities
from the humours or fluids of the body.
1603 HoLtanp Plutarch's Mor, 603 (R.) ‘This manner of
depuration and clarifying of it by a strainer. 1641 Frencu
Distill, i. (1651) 33 Vhe depuration of Manna for this use.
1753 N. Torriano Gangr. Sore Throat p. xii, This critical
epuration of the Blood by Eruptions on the Skin. 1789
Mrs. Piozzt Yourn, France I. 195 The depuration of gold
may be performed many ways. 1880 Havucuron 7/ys.
Geog. iii. 81 The Upper Palzozoic age, in’ which the chief
depuration of the atmosphere took place.
epurative .d/piii*rativ, de-piure'tiv), a. and
sb. _[f. med. or mod.L. dépirativ-us, f. ppl. stem
of dépirare: cf. F. dépuratif (1792 in Hatzf.) }
A. adj. Having the quality of cleansing from
impurities. B. sé. A purifying agent or medicine.
Depurative disease, a name given by Dickinson to larda-
ceous disease.
1684 tr. Boxet's Merc. Compit. vi. 167 A depurative fer-
mentation of the humours. 1830 Linptey Nat. Syst, Bot.
147 The depurative properties ascribed .. to Viola cafhina.
1861 7echnologist 11. 30 Sarsaparilla .. as a depurative and
restorative in disorders of the blood.
Depurator (de‘piure'ta:). [agent-n. f. Depu-
RATE. on Latin analogies.] An agent or apparatus
that purifies or cleanses ; sfec. see quot. 1874.
1835 Kirsy Hah. § Inst. Anim. 1. 159 Similar to what
devolves upon the larves of certain insects, with regard to
stagnant waters, they may be depurators. 1858 Simmonps,
Depurator, a French machine for cleansing and preparing
cotton for spinning. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Depurator,
an apparatus to assist the expulsion of morbid matter by
means of the excretory ducts of the skin. .The defpurator
is described in Nathan Smith’s English patent, 1802. 1885
Alien, & Neurol. Oct. 540 The remedies indicated .. are
chiefly depurators and nutrients.
[mod.
aaereretory (dépiiioratari), a. (sb.)
f, We . stem of dépiirare: see -oRY.]
. adj, =DEPURATIVE a, ; formerly spec. ‘ap-
plied to certain diseases which were supposed to
carry off impurities from the system’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.).
1676 Phil. Trans. X1. 569 The Continual Depuratory
Feaver. 1733 Cuevne Eng. Malady u. xi. § 3 (1734) 233
Nervous Fevers, as distinguished from Hot and Daseanvans
ones. 1870 Rotteston Anim, Life 256 A water-vascular
or depuratory system.
B. sb. =DEPURATIVE sé,
+ Depu're, v. Os. [ad. F. dépurer or med.L,
dépiirare: see DEPURATE.] trans. To free from im-
purity, cleanse, purify (/¢. and Mg.) ; =DEPuRATE v.
a bs ord Alexander 2768 Send .. Sum pured pelloure de-
purid to put in oure wedis. 1447 BoKENHAM Seyntys (Roxb.)
246 My soule depuryd from vyce. 1599 NAsue Lenten
Stuffe Ep. Ded., He sends for the barber to depure, decur-
tate, and sponge him. 1699 Evetyn Acefaria (1729) 156
Ingredients .. [which] depure the Blood.
ence Depu'red, Depu ring A7/. adjs.
aang, Hass Examp,Virt, vi. 74 And lyke crystall depured
was Euery wyndowe. 1508 Dunsar Goldyn Targe i, With
cleir depurit beims christalyne. _ 1545 RaYNotp Byrth Man-
kynde 133 Confycte them with clanved and depuryd hunny.
1546 Lanctey Pol, Verg. De Invent. 11. i. 35 b, Lawes promul-
gate by God, confirmed after the moste depured and perfecte
maner, 1873 W. S. Mayo Never Again xxxii. 417 Spirit of
Night.. Already doth thy soft depuring light Mineeyesuntilm,
urgatory, ¢. Obs. rare-°, [f. ppl.
stem of L, dépurgire to clean out: see -ory.]
Having the quality of purging or cleansing.
1611 Coter., Depurgatoire, depurgatorie; purging.
‘rge, v. Obs. [ad. L. dépurgare: see
prec.] ¢rans. To purge or cleanse from impurity.
1657 in Physical Dict.
Depurit, Sc. f. Depurep ffl. a.
Depurition, bad form for DEPuRATION.
1847 in Craic.
223
+ Depu'rse, v. Sc. Ods. [f. De- II. 2+ Purse:
cf, deburse, disburse.) = DISBURSE,
@ 1648 Sc. Acts Chas. / (1814) V. 479 (Jam.), With power
..to borrow, vptak, and leavie moneyes .. and to give ..
directiones for depurseing thairof. 1655 in Z. Boyd Zion's
Flowers (1855) App. 29/1 Halfe of the expenses depursed
in legall pursute. 1676 W. Row Contin. Blair's Autobiog.
xii. (1848) 380 Which monies Mr. Blair did most willingly
depurse. 1733 P. Linpsay /uterest Scot. 203 The Money
depurst for their Expence and Provisions,
Hence Depu'rsement = DisBURSEMENT.
1636 RutHerroxp Leét. (1862) I. 158 Write up your de-
pursements .. and keep the account of what ye give out.
1643 Sc. Acts Chas, /:1870) VI. 16 Necessarie depursements
bestowed be him. 1774 Petit. in A. MeKay “Hist. Ait
marnock 303 ‘Vo..expend the haill necessary depursement.
Deputable (dipiztab'l, de*piz-), a. [f. DeruTEe
v, +-ABLE.] Capable of being, or fit to be, deputed.
162x W. Scrater 7ythes (1623) 220 A fifth or tenth of Time
deputable to the seruice of God. /d/d. 224 A sixth or eighth
of time deputable to Gods seruice, 1841 Cartyie Barllie
Misc. (1888) VI. 207 A man deputable to the London Par-
liament and elsewhither.
+ De‘putary, a. Obs. rare. [irreg. f. DeputE v.
+-ARY 1] Acting as a deputy; deputed.
1581 J. Bett Haddon's Answ. Osor. 391 b, His [the Pope's]
Bulles of Pardons and his deputary Comissaryes.
f De-putate, ppl. a. Obs. [ad. L. députit-us,
pa. pple. of deputdre to DEPuTE.] (Afle. and adj )
Deputed ; appointed, assigned.
a1440 Found. St. Bartholomew's 32 Holy place, whiche
deputat ys only to dyuyne vse. 1560 Rottanp Crt. Venus
mm. 181 Rhamnusia, quhilk [#7/sf7. quhill] was luge deputate.
Deputation (depimtéifon), sd. [f. L. type
*députation-em, n. of action from députdre to DE-
puTe: cf. F. dépetation (16th c. in Littré), It.
depulazione (deputatione, Florio 1598).] The action
of deputing, or fact of being deputed.
+1. gen. Appointment, ordination, assignment
(to an office, function, etc... Ods.
1393 Gower Conf, III. 178 He shall..Ordeigne his depu-
tation Of suche juges, as ben lerned. ¢1449 Pecock Re/r.
ui. xii, 220 The deputacioun and the assignyng bi which the
visible eukarist is ordeyned and assigned forto represente
the bodiof Crist. 109-10 Act 1 Hen. VI/1,c. 9 Vhe Chaun-
celler .. [shall] have the Deputacion and Assignement of ..
Persones .. that they shall take and receyve the seid Toule
and Custome. 1640 Br. Hatt Efisc. 11. xxi. 207 One Bartolo-
meus the Bishop of the Hereticks .. taking upon him the
Deputation of that Anti-pope, yeelded unto hima wicked and
abhominable reverence. a 1647 Fu.mer Patriarcha (1887)
32 Itseems they did not like a king by deputation but desired
one by succession. 1650 R. Hottincwortn Usurped Powers
68 None can take it in hand but by deputation from him.
2. spec. Appointment to act on behalf of another ;
delegation.
[1534 Act 26 Hen. VIII, c. 3 § 4 Any person..to whome
any deputacion shalbe made by commission.] 1552 HuLorr,
Deputation, sudsortitio, substitutio, surrogatio. 1597
Hooker Lect. Pol. v. Ixxxi. § 7 Vnto all these .. the
law hath .. given leaue, while themselues bear waizhtier
burthens, to supply inferiour by deputation. 1698 Norris
Treat, Sev. Subjects 280 That we Feed them our selves,
and not by Proxy or Deputation. 1799 J. RoperTson
Agric. Perth 44 The king .. grants this deputation to a
person regularly bred to the law. 1863 A. J. Horwoop
Year-bks. 30-1 Edw. I, Pref. 29 An attorney might be
appointed for a particular suit or generally for all suits, and
the latter kind of deputation was common in Eyre,
b. A document conveying such an appoint-
ment; a commission, warrant. Ods.
1628 Dicpy Voy. Medit, (1868) 4 This same day I sealed
to Sir Edward Stradling a deputation of being my Vice-
admirall. 1691 Lond, Gaz. No. 2698/4 A black Hair’d
Man, who went about the Countries with a false Depu-
tation. fee Jane Austen Left. 1. 162 James Digweed
called to day, and I gave him his brother's deputation.
+3. An appointment by the lord of the manor to
the office and rights of a gamekeeper ; a document
conveying such appointment under statutory au-
thority. Ods.
(The deputation was necessary to constitute a gamekeeper ;
but it was also frequently used as a means of giving to
friends the privilege of shooting game over an estate.)
1749 Fiecpinc Zom Yones wv. v, The squire declared .. he
would give the game-keeper his deputation the next morn-
ing. ¢181§ JANE AusTEN Persuas. iii. (D.), He .. had
inquired about the manor; would be glad of the deputation,
certainly, but made no great point of it; said he sometimes
took ont a gun, but never killed. 1869 Daily News 23 Apr.,
Formerly the Woods and Forests gave what were called
‘deputations’ to gentlemen to shoot over the Crown lands,
1880 S. Watrote //ist. Eng. III. 63 Country gentlemen
who were desirous of doing a neighbour a good turn were
in the habit of giving him a ‘ deputation’ as a gamekeeper.
4. A body of persons appointed to go ona mission
on behalf of another or others. Often a small
company (or a single person) deputed by a society
to visit various places on behalf of the society.
(The chief current use.)
1732 Lepiarp Sethos Il. 1x. 344 ‘They propos’d to send
a aeration of four senators. 1828 D’Israett Chas. J, I.
vi. 186 A deputation of the Houses waited on the King.
1879 MeCartuy Own Times I. xxii, 146 The deputations
represented certain metropolitan parishes, and were the
exponents of markedly Radical opinions. xe:
Hence Deputa‘tion, Deputa‘tionize v., to visit
with a deputation; Deputa‘tional ., of or belong-
ing to a deputation; Deputa‘tionist, one who
belongs to or supports a deputation.
| Minict
DEPUTE,
1885 Manch. Exam. 18 Mar. 5/3 Vhe trustees are on the
side of the deputationists. 1888 Balance Sheet Manchester
Ch. of E. Temp. Soc., Travelling and Deputational Ex-
1888 Lanc. Evening Post 3 Feb. 2/4 The Prime
linister has been deputationised by some of the most expert
among our sociclogists. 1891 Scott. Leader 12 Jan. 4 The
Unionists. . last week ‘deputationed’ Mr. Goschen.
Deputative (de‘pizteitiv), a. [f. L. daputat-,
ppl. stem of dépuldre to DEPUTE +-IVE.] | Charac-
terized by deputation or by being deputed ; of the
nature of a deputy.
1625-8 tr. Camden's Hist, Elis. i. (1688) 362 A Parlia-
ment .. begun by a deputative Commission granted by the
Queen tothe Archbishop of Canterbury, the Lord ‘Treasurer,
and the Earl of Derby. 1646 Litpurne Game Scotch &
Eng. 20 Wherein the joynt military int t of both King-
domes is represented .. and both thereby incorporated into
one deputative body. a1653 GouGre Comm, Hed. ii. 5 If
authority be yielded un-to Angels, yet that authority is only
deputative in reference to. .work which is injoyned by them,
Hence De‘putatively adv., by way of deputa-
tion.
1653 GAUDEN /frerasf. 472 To pay Tithes to Christ .. by
the hands of his Ministers, who are deputatively and
ministerially himself. 1818 G. S. Faner Hor. MMos. 1. 43
And who can have authority to send, unless God imme-
diately, or certain of his previously appointed messengers
deputatively ?
Deputator (de'pi/teitar’. rave. [agent-n from
L. députire to DEPUTE.]
1. One who deputes another to act for him,
1669 Locke Laws ef Carolina § 56 All such deputations. .
shall be revocable at the pleasure of the deputator, 1884
19th Cent. Jan, 84 The deputy necessarily disappeared with
the deputator.
2. A member of a deputation. (sonce-use.)
1894 Vat. Observer 6 Jan, 181/1 Vhe philanthropic projects
of Professor Stuart. and other ‘deputators’.
Bepute (de:pizi), AA/. a. and sb. Now only Sv.
Also 5-6 deputte, 6-7 deput; sce also Desire.
[Found as pa. pple. before the appearance of any
other part of Depure v.; app. repr. OF. depute
(mod.F. dputé) pa. pple., the final e having become
mute, as in asstyn, avowe, etc. After the verb
came into use, depute, deput, continued to be used
as its pa. pple., and even as its pa. t. (esp. in Sc.,
where perhaps it was viewed as short for depuéit,
deputed). Only Se. since the 17th c.]
+A. as fa. pple. Deputed ; imputed, ascribed ;
appointed, assigned: see DEPUreE v.
1382 Wyciir om. Prol. 299 The apostil .. shewith .. al
..to be depute to the grace of God. 1413 Piler. Sowle
(Caxton) 1. xxii. (1859) 24 Grace, quene and heuenly pryncesse.
As depute by the souerayne kyng eterne. ¢ 1440 Geséa Rowe,
liv. 235 (Harl. MS) Thei .. hadde I-putte sheldes in a
certeyne place deputte berefor. 1513 DouGtas Aéne7s v1. ix.
180 Quhat sort of pane is deput ay For ilk trespas. 1623
Campen in Lett, Lit, A/en (Camden) 126 Some such as were
deput for mee in this yeeres Visitation.
B. sb. One deputed ; = Dervry. (Now only Se.)
1405, 1490 [see Deruty 1b, 2]. 1530 in W. H. ‘Turner
Select. Rec. Oxford 72 Vhe seyd Chaunseler, hys Deputt’s,
and Scolers, 1563-7 Bucnanan Reform. St. Andros Wks.
(1892) 15 ‘The conservatour or hys deput being present.
a1605 Montcomerie A/isc. Poents xxviii. 1 Melancholie,
grit deput of Dispair. 182r Jos a Baiwuir Aetr. Leg.,
Lord Fohn xxiv, "Vwas no depute’s task your guest to ask.
1868 Act 31-2 Vict, c. 101 § 36 Such decree shall be re-
corded by the director of Ci-ancery, or his depute.
C. In comb. (Sc.)
1640-1 Kirkcudbr. War-Comm. Min. Bk. (1855) 56
Ressaivit by the Commissar depute, the rentalles of the
pretendit bischopes’ rentes. 1681 Act Secur. Peace of
Kingda. (Scotl) in Lond. Gaz. No. 1648/4 ‘Yo nominate
Sheriff-Deputs, Justices of Peace, or other Commissioners.
1753 Stewart's 7rial App. 4 Mr. Archibald Campbell of
Stonefield, sheriff-depute of the shire of Argyll. 1869
Pall Malt G. 6 July 5 The Lord Advocate. .the Solicitor-
General. .Subordinate to these are four advocate-deputes.
per (dépizt), v. [a. F. députer (1328 in
Hatzf.), ad. L. députdre to consider as, destine,
allot, f, De- I, 2 b + putadre to think, count, con-
sider, etc.] .
+1. trans. Toappoint, assign, ordain (a person or
thing) to or for a particular office, purpose, or
function. Odés.
¢ 1425 Wyntoun Cron. vu. vi. 361 And als he depute hys
Counsale The erle of Fyfe mast specyale. 1483 Caxton Gold.
Leg. 89 b/t Thys chylde was taken prysoner and deputed
to serue the kynge. 1489 — /aytes of A.1v. xv. 274 The
sygne of the Egle is deputed for the dygnyte Imperyal.
1513-4 Act 5 Hen. VIII, c. 1 Pream., The Kyng.. hath
deputed and ordeyned in the seid Citie .. divers officers
and ministres. «1533 Lp. Berners Gold. Bh. M. Aurel.
(1546) I ij, He deputed two howres for the matters of Asie.
1631 GouGe God's Arrows m1. Ep. Ded. 4 Faithful .. in de-
puting to the Lords service men fit for their function. 1683
Brit. Spec. 129 Westminster. .was..from its first foundation
deputed for the burial of our Kings. ;
+2. To assign, impute, ascribe, attribute. Ods.
1382 [see Derute ffl. a.]. 1485 Caxton St. Wenefr. 10
They myght depute it to the pryde of her. @ 1592 H. Smiru
Serm. Phil, i, 23 The Apostle .. doth depute their strange
diseases and sudden death to none other cause,
+ 8. To consign, deliver over. Obs.
a1440 Found. St. Bartholomew's 44 Lette nat me be
deputid to euerlastyng flammys. 1480 Caxton Ovid's Met.
x1. xix, But some..seased tymbre & boordes which were
broken of the shipp, whyche the flodes deputed at theyre
playsire. 1483 — Gold. Leg. 264/t This blessid saint .. was
deputed unto an hard and strayte pryson.
=
DEPUTERY.
4. To assign (a charge) ; now, sfec. to commit,
give in charge (authority, etc.) to a deputy or
substitute.
1495 Act 11 Hen, V'/1, c. 35 Pream., The Kyngis Grace..
deputed to —_ than and sithen offices of charge. 1526
Pilgr. Perf. W.deW. 1531) 28 b, Spirituall talentes, whiche
our lorde hath dep to our cred 1727 De For
Hist. Appar. vi. (1840) 59 The Devil may depute such and
such powers and privileges to his confederates. 1833 Hr.
Martineau Berkeley 1. iv. 73 She could not depute it to
anybody to judge when was tie right time.
8. spec. ‘Yo appoint (a person) as one’s substitute,
delegate, or agent; to ordain to dct on one’s behalf.
{2494 Fasyan Chron. w. Ixiii. 42 Caraucius .. was by the
Senate of Rome deputed for a Substitute or a Ruler vnder
the Romaynes. 1530 Patscr. 513/1, I muste nedes departe,
but I wyll depute some bodye in my romme. 140 Act 32
Hen. V1/1, c. 35 The Justice and Justices .. shall i a
assigne depute and appoincte as many deputie or deputies
..as..shalbe thought convenient] 1552 Hvutort, De-
pute .. surrogo, delego. 1604 Suaks. Oth. tv. ii. 226 To
depute Cassio in Othellos place. 1687 in Magd. Coll. &
oc /I, \xviii, The vice President and others Fellows ..
ing deputed by the rest of the Fellows of the said College,
to answer. 1709 SteELre Zatler No. 55» 5 The Deputies
of the Six Cantons who are deputed to determine the Affair
of Tockenburg. 1833 Ht. Martineau Manch. Strike iv. 54
Allen, Clack, and Gibson were deputed to wait on the
masters. 1874 Green Short Hist. i. § 2. 172 They were
elected. .by a few of the principal burghers deputed for the
purpose.
+b. adsol. To send a deputation. Obs. rare.
1768 Woman of Honor 11. 94 Soon after, a borough de-
puted to him, with an entreaty to do it the honor of repre-
senting it.
+6. (See quot., and cf. DeruraTIon 3.) Obs.
1832 in Pall Mall G, 13 Aug. (1889) 3/2 There lies before
me a copy of an old local newspaper of August, 1832, which
contains numerous ‘ Notices to Sportsmen’ that the game
on such and such a manor is now reserved or ‘deputed’,
Hence Depu'ted f//. a., Depu'ting v//. si. ; also
Depu'ter, one that deputes.
1548 Gest Pr. Masse 1j, There is no sacrament which
hath not..bothe hys deputed element, word, and com-
mandement. 1603 Suaxs. A/eas. for M. 1. ii. 60 Not the
Kings Crowne; nor the deputed Sword, The Marshalls
‘Truncheon, nor the Iudges Robe. a164r Br. Mountacu
Acts & Mon.(1642) 369 No deputation depriveth the Deputer
of his right. 1651 G. W. tr. Cowel's /nst. 41 Wee have
sometimes 7xtores Dativi, or deputed Guardians amongst
us. 1742 Younc Nt. Th. ix. 228 Already is begun the
grand assize. . Deputed conscience scales The dread tribunal.
1795 Fate of Sedley 11. 70 Suetonius Paulinus, the deputed
Commander of Nero.
+ Deputery, deputrie. O/s. Sc. [DrruTe
sb.+-nY.] The office of a depute, deputyship.
1584 Sc. Acts Jas. VI (1814) 300 (Jam.) The office of
deputrie and clerkship in the said office of Thesaurarie.
Deputize (de‘pistaiz), v. [f. DepuTe sd. or
Depry +-12E.]
1. ¢rans. To appoint as a deputy. Chiefly U.S.
1730-6 Bairey (folio! Pref, Députize, to constitute or
appoint one a Deputy. 1821 Port Folio Jan. (Bartlett), They
seldom think it necessary to deputize more than one person
to attend to their interests at the seat of government. 1828
Wenster Deputize, to appoint adeputy; to empower to act
for another, as a sheriff. 1877 Srarrow Serm, xix. 248 Those
who were deputized .. did their master’s work faithfully.
2. intr. To act as a deputy ; usually in reference
to musical engagements. col/og.
1869 A theneunt 27 Mar. 445/3 Mr. Perren deputized cre-
ditably for Mr. Sims Reeves. 1884 Musical Times 1 May
297/1 A London organist, who has relinquished regular
work, will deputise upon nominal terms.
Deputrie, sce DepuTery, Ods.
Deputy de‘pizti’, s+. Forms. 5 depute, de-
putee; Sc. depwte, 6 deputye, 6-7 deputie, 7-
deputy. [a. F. aéputé, subst. use of pa. pple. of
députer to Depute. Originally spelt depute ; in
one form of which the final ¢ became mute (though
usually retained in writing); in another form it
continued to be pronounced, and then as in Crry,
etc., it passed Sie -ce, -teto -y. (Cf. tassigne,
assign, assignee.) The ME. examples of depute are
placed here, but might as well stand under DepuTE
sb, See also the corrupted forms Desire, Desrry.]
1. A person appointed or nominated to act for
another or others, esf. to hold office or exercise
authority instead of another; a substitute, lieu-
tenant, vicegerent.
1425 Wyntoun Cron. v. x. 381 And Deputis be-hynd hym
he left To keipe Brettayne. 1g11 Hen, VII in Ellis Orig.
Lett, Ser.u. 1, 170 That .. ye .. paye unto theim, or to their
deputie in their names, the summes aforesaid, 1624 Ln, Ken-
sincTon /id. Ser. 1. 111. 174 But the case is now different,
sayd she, for there the Prince was in Person, heer is but
his deputy. But a deputy, answerd I, that represents his
rson, 1660 Woov Li/e (O. H. S.) I. 361 For the Greek
lecture, the reader therof..got a deputy to do it. 1727
Swirt Gulliver 1. vi. 70 In the keg ot of a professor, or
one of his deputies. 1818 Jas. Mitt. Brit. Jndia 11. w. viii.
283 They sent to the army two members of council, as field
deputies, without whose concurrence no operations should
be carried on, 84x W. Spacvine /faly & /t. Ist. IIT. 338
The. .university of Padua. .besides deputies and assistants,
has 35 professors. .
Pe 1717 L. Howet Desiderius 58 Those two Deputies of
de, the Lust of the Flesh, and the Lust of the Eye. 1783
Map. D’Arstay Diary 19 Jan., I found her .. not merely
free from pride, but free from affability—its most mortifying
deputy.
d
224
b. Law. A authorized to exercise on be-
half of another the whole of his office (general
deputy), or some special function of it (special
deputy), but having no interest in the office.
1405 Rolls of Parit. 11. 605/1 Our generalls and
| a Attornes and Deputes. 1602 Fuisecke 2nd 7,
ae 46 a yey ye ome herent, a Lnage =
adeputie. 1607-' OWELL /nterfr. s. V. Deputy hat!
not any interest S the Office, but is onely the shadow of
the r, in whose Name he doth all things. 1642 Perkins
Prof. Bk. i. § 100 An assignee is such a person who doth
occupie ip his own right, and a deputie such a person who
doth occupie in the right of another, 1833 Act 3 & 4 Will.
IV, c. 42 $20 The Sheriff of each County. .shall..name..
a sufficient Deputy, who shall. .have an ice within One
Mile of the Inner Temple Hall, for the Receipt of Writs [ete. }.
ec. A person delegated or sent (alone or as a
member of a deputation) to act in the place of
those who send him,
1769 Rosertson Chas, V, V. 1, 222 Charles artfully
avoided admitting their deputies to audience. 1838 ‘T'nirt-
wALt Greece IV. 347 Three deputies were sent back with
them to Sinope, to fetch the vessels. 1862 Lp. BrouGuam
Brit. Const. vi. 87 The lesser barons were called to send
deputies, instead of attending personally.
d. Phr. By deputy: by another person in one’s
stead, by proxy.
1625 Bacon /ss., Studies (Arb.) 11 Some Bookes also may
be read by Deputy, and Extracts made of them by Others.
1764 Footr Mayor of G. 1. Wks. 1799 I. 180 He is suffered
to do that by deputy. 1868 Freeman Nori. Cong. (1876)
II. vii. 23 His wars were waged by deputy.
2. Special applications.
+a. One deputed to exercise authority on behalf
of the sovereign or of the sovereign power; a
proconsul, a viceroy,a Lord Lieutenant (of Ireland).
c14go in Gairdner Lett. Rich. 1/1 & Hen. VII (Rolls)
App. A, Our right gode lord Gerald erle of Kildare your
depute lieutenaunt of this your land of Irland. 1568 Bisce
(Bishops’) 1 Avngs xxii. 47 There was then no kyng in
Edom, the deputie was king. — Acts xviii. 12 When Gallio
was the deputie of Achaia. 1613 Suaxs. Hen. V///, m1. ii.
260 You sent me Deputie for Ireland. 1 Lond. Gaz.
No. 3190/3 My Lord Capell, Lord Deputy of Ireland. 185
Ropertson Serv. Ser. 1v. (1863) I. 7 There was there a
deputy, that is, a proconsul.
b. In the City of London, a member of the
Common Council, who acts instead of an alderman
is the Deputy. .
ec. An officer in a coal-mine. (See quots.)
1851 GREENWELL Coal-trade Terms Northumb. & Durh.
22 Deputies, a set of men employed in setting timber for the
safety of the workmen; also in putting in brattice and
brattice stoppings. ‘They also draw the props from places
where they are not required for further use. 1893 Daily
News 20 Nov. 5/4 Vhe deputies .. test the beams and other
protective appliances put up, examine the passage walls and
roofs and the state of the atmosphere, and tell the ‘de-
tallers’ what to do,
d. The manager of a common lodging-house.
185r Mayuew Lond, Labour 1, 249 In some places knives
and forks are not provided, unless a penny is left with the
‘deputy’, or manager, till they are returned, 1888 7imes
13 Oct. 12/1 She acted as deputy to the house in question
[a_common lodging-house]. ‘
3. A person elected to represent a constituency ;
a member of a representative legislative assembly.
Chamber of Deputies: the second house in the
national assembly of France, and some other coun-
tries.
1600 FE. Biount tr. Conestaggio 76 The three estates of
the Realme, that is, the Clergie, the Nobilitie, and the
Deputies of the Cities and townes. .at Lisbone. 1777 Watson
Philip I (1839) 381 William .. meant .. to remove the
assembly of the States (which was summoned to meet at
Middleburgh) to a situation in which the deputies would
not be so much infl d by the ies of Spain, 1792
Gentl. Mag. LX11. u. 945 Three hundred and seventy-one
deputies, assembled in one of the halls of the palace of the
Thuilleries. 1809 Kenpatt 7'rav. I. v. 27 The —— are
now frequently d i d repr tate: They were
iently called ¢ ittee-men. 1837 Cartyie Fr, Rev.
IIL. 1. vi, Deputy Thuriot, he who was Advocate Thuriot.
1863 Mary Howirr F. Bremer's Greece 1, viii. 264 The
Deputies are chosen by the people for three years.
4. attrib. and Comb, Deputed; acting or ap-
pointed to act instead of ..; vice-...
1548 Hatt Chron, 211 b, Either chief Capitain of Caleis or
els deputi NS _ i : Ss. 7 Serm. 1, 243 The
poor you shall alwayes have with you, as my deputy-re-
atceies but me (in re) - shall not have always. 1645
Rutuerrorp 7'ryal & 7 ri. Faith (1845) 379 Christ's love to
us was not deputy-love. .he loved us not by a vicar.
Lond. Gaz. No. 3099/3 Mr. Godfrey, Deputy Governor o
the Bank of England. 1805 WELLINGTON in Gurw. Desf.
III. 659 To appoint Captain Bellingham to be Deputy
uarter Master general in Mysore. — Macautay £ss.,
Vad. D'Arblay, Singing women escorted by deputy hus-
bands, 1863 H. Cox /us¢it. 1. vii. g2 The deputy-speakers
are usually the chief judges of the courts of Westminster.
1881 Rr. Hon. A.W. Pret in 7imes 2 Feb. a Standing
Order is enabling only, and provides for appointment
DERAIGN.
and duties of the Deputy-Speal® during the unavoidable
absence of the Speaker.
Deputy, v. rare. [f. prec. sb.] trans. To ap-
point or send as deputy ; to depute.
1605 Sytvesrer Du Bartas u. iti. 1. Law 1126 Frail
Aaron, Deputi’d During his [Moses’] absence, all the Flock
to guide. i Quiver 186 Thrush, linnet, blackbird ..
deputied the lark with praise to heaven.
perehie. [f Depury sé.+-suir]. The
office, term of office, or position of a 4
1 Houtnsnep Chron. M1. 1079/2 Beau-
champe earle of Warwike. . being. .deputie for John duke of
Bedford (being regent of France) djd..obteine manie castels
in his deputieship. 1624 Carr. J. Smitn Virginia v. 190
They would not be gouernlesse when his Deputiship was
expired. 1765 Cowrer Let. to F. Hill 8 Nov., I heartily
wish him joy of his deputyship. 1881 Mrs. OvirHanr
Harry Foscelyn 11. 281 The state into which his work
must have got, but for the strenuous and anxious deputy-
ship of his clerk.
+ Dequantitate, v. Obs. rare—'. [f. Dz-
IL.*1 + L. guantitat-em quantity; see -aTE3 7.)
trans. To diminish the quantity or amount of.
1646 Six T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 1. v. 86 This we affirme of
pure gold, for that which is currant. . by reason of its allay. .
1s actually dequantitated by fire. 1656 in Biount Gi 3
+ Dequa‘ss, dequa‘ce, v. Ols. rare—'. f ;
OF. dequasser, decasser to break down, crush, f.
De- I, 1 + guasser, casser to break: see Cass,
QuasH, Decass.] tans. To break down, crush.
¢ 1400 Test. Love 1. (1560) 276 b/:t Thus with sleight shalt
thou surmount and dequace the = in their herts.
De quoi, dequoy, obs. forms of Decoy sb.2
Der, obs. form of Dare v., Dear, DEER.
Deracinate (dire‘sine't), v. [f. F. déracine-r
(in OF. desr-), f. dé-, des-, L. Dis- + racine root ;
sce -ATE3 7.) ¢rans. To pluck or tear up by the
roots ; to uproot, eradicate, exterminate. /’t. and fig.
1599 Suaks. /en.V, v. ii. 47 The Culter rusts, That should
deracinate such Sauagery. 1606 — 7r. & Cr. 4. iij. go.
1659 B. Harris Parival’s [ron Age 27 But neither Arms,
nor Victories .. [were] able to deracinate or root out this
Doctrine. 1788 Lond. Mag. 477 Yo deracinate and anni-
hilate the whole system of moral, historical and revealed
asseverations. 71883 Stevenson Silverado Sg. (1886) 80
Disembowelling mountains and deracinating pines!
b. transf.
1843 E. Jones Poems, Sens. & Event 167 Chill every river
into stagnancy, Deracinate the fruitful earth of growth.
Hence Deracina‘tion, eradication, extirpation.
¢ 1800 tr. Sonnini’s Trav. 1, 227 (L.) Nothing can resist
an extreme desire to appear beautiful. The women submit
to a painful operation—to a violent and total deracination.
+ Dera‘de, v. Obs. rare. [ad. L. dérad-te to
scrape or shave off, f. De- I. 2 + radére to shaye.]
trans. To scrape off or away.
1657 Tomunson Kenon's Disp. 378 Zopissa is Pitch de-
raded from off maritimous ships. /ééd. 658 Quinces..must
be..not brayed, but deraded.
+ Deradiate (dircrdiclt), v. Obs. rare. [f. DE-
I. 2+L. vadidre, radiat- to emit rays, f. radius
ray.] zutr. To radiate forth.
1650 CuarLeton Paradoxes Prol. 3 Those three Lines,
perpetually deradiating from the Center of Truth.
Hence + Deradia‘tion, radiation from a point.
1650 Cuarteton Paradoxes Prol. 13 The Starres trans-
mitting their Influence, by invisible Deradiations. 1704
J. Harris Lex. Techn. s.v. Actinobolism, The Diffusion
or Deradiation of Light or Sound.
Derai, obs. spelling of Denar.
+ Derai-gn, s). Ols, In 4-5 dereyne, 5 de-
rene, -rayn, 6 derene. [a. OF. des-, der-, de-
raisne, -resne, -raigne, regne, -rene, f. desraisnier
to Deraicn. In Laws of William I, latinized as
disraisnia.] The action of vindicating or maintain-
ing one’s right, esp. by wager of battle; hence, a
challenge to single combat; a combat ; a duel.
[1292 Britton v. xii. § 2 Ces plays soint comensables et
pledables sicum en le graunt bref de dreit overt, mes nient
par disre (transi. These pleas shall be com:
tried in the same manner as t er writ of oe patent,
but not by dereyne).] ¢1300 A. Adis. 7353 This dereyne,
by the barouns Is y-mad, by alle bothe lay ae oe 1375
Hassoun Bruce xitt. 324 On sarisenis thre deren3eis
he; And [in-till] ilk derense of thai He vencust sarisenis
twa. ¢1470 Harpinc Chron. 1x. iv, Turnus then was slayn :
Eneas did that dede and that derayn With mighty es.
¢1g00 Lancelot 2313 1 have o frend haith o dereyne ydoo,
And I can fynd none able knycht tharto. 157; DovGias
/Eneis xn. vi. 15 Suffir me perform my derene by and by.
1658 Puitwirs, in..signifieth the proof of an action
which a man affirmeth that he hath done, and his adversary
denies. Hence in Kersey, Battey, etc,
Derai‘gn, v.! Obs. exc. Hist. Forms: 3 de-
ronne, 3-4 dereyne, 4 derenje, -eine, 4-6 de-
rayne, -aine, 5 derreyne, darreyn, darayne,
5-6 darreyne, -rayne, 5-7 darreine, 6 derene,
darrein, -raine, -reigne, 6-7 dereigne, derraine,
darraigne, 7 darrayne, deraigne, 7-8 darrain,
7- deraign. [a. OF, deraisnier, -resnier, -rainier,
-reiner, -regner, desr-, to render a reason or account
of, explain, defend, etc., f. de-, des- (see Dx- I. 6) +
raisnier to speak, ee declare, plead, defend
:-late L. type *vationare, {. ration-em reckoning,
account, ing of ‘The com d may
rendering of reason. poun
have itself been formed in late L.: cf. the med.L.
=
DERAIGN.
forms dé-, di-, dirrationare in Du Cange; désrais-
nare, disrainniare, were latinized from OF. Cf.
also ARRAIGN (OF, arazsnier).]
1. trans. Law. To prove, justify, vindicate; es.
to maintain or vindicate (a right, claim, etc.\, by
wager of battle; to dispute, contest (the claim,
etc., of another, asserting an opposing claim).
[1ag2 Brirron 1. xxiii. § 11 Si felonie, adunc doune le
defendour gage a sey defendre, et le apelour gage pur la
cause desreyner [¢vans/. If felony, then let the defendant
give securify to defend himself, and the appellor security to
prove the cause].] ¢ 1325 Coer de L. 7098 That hymself
agayn fyve and twenty men, In wylde field wolde fyghte,
To derayne Godes ryghte. 1 Alisaunder 124 To
lache hym as Lorde pe lond for to haue, Or deraine it with
dintes & deedes of armes. 1375 Barsour Bruce 1x. 746
In-to playn fichting, 3he suld press till deren3e 3our richt.
¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 13084 There was no buerne with pat bold
Nhe batell to take, The right to derayne with the rank duke.
1539 Act 31 Hen. VIII, c. 1 § 2 Euery of the saide ioint
tenantes.. maie haue aide of the other ..to the intent to
dereigne the warrantie paramount. 1628 Coke Ox Litt. 6a.
a 1680 Butter Rem. (1759) I. 333 You bestow much Pains
to prove .. that the King is not above the Law..And this
you deraign, as you call it, so far, that at length you say,
the King hath not, by Law, so much Power, as a Justice
of Peace, tocommit any Man to Prison. 1741 T. Ropinson
Gavelkind vi. 129 Who shall deraign that Warranty.
2. ¢rans. To vindicate or maintain a claim to
(a thing or person); to claim the possession of,
esp. by wager of battle; to challenge.
a1240 Wohunge in Cott. Hom. 285 Ihesu swete ihesu..bu
me derennedes wid like, and makedes of me wrecche pi
leofmon and spuse. _¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 330
Ageyn Kyng Edward, Scotland to dereyne, With werre &
batail hard. ¢1386 Cuaucer Axt.’s 7. 751 Thou art a
worthy knycht And wilnest to ggg 28 {v. ~. derreyne,
darreyn, darreine, dereyne] hire by bataille. 1893 J. C.
Biomrietp Hist. Souddern 12 Richard de Middelton came
and deraigned that Manor in the King’s Court.
3. To settle or decide (a claim or dispute) by
judicial argument and decision, by wager of battle,
etc.; to determine.
¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 12629 3yf pou sette
chalange ber-ynne. . Porow bataille schal hit be dereynt, 1387
Trevisa Higdex GRoils) VH. 241 Pe cause schulde be de-
reynede by dent of swerd. ¢1430 Lypc. Bochas u. xxii. (1554)
59 b, God and trouth was atwene them tweine Egall iudge
their quarel to darayne. 1513 Dovcras 4ineis xu. xi. 184
Lat me stand to my chance, I tak on hand For to derene
the mater with this brand. x60x F. Tate Househ. Ord.
Edw. IT, § 89 (1876) 53 After thei have dereigned before the
steward, thresorer, and the serjantes of thaccount what fee
thei shal have for such a present. 1809 BAwpwEeNn Domesday
Bk. 460 The jury of the Wapentake have deraigned them to
the use of the King.
+4. Zo deraign battle (combat, etc.): a. To
maintain (a wager of battle or single combat) in
vindication of a claim, right, etc. Ods.
61380 Sir Ferumb, 265 3if he mi3te ffor pat batail to
dereyne profry hym forp to fizte. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Kut.'s 7.
73 Iwo harneys .. suffisaunt and mete to darreyne The
fatnilte in the feeld bitwix hem tweyne. 1548 HALL Chron.
(1809) 4 Henry of Lancastre Duke of Herfforde Appellante &
‘Thomas Duke of Norfolke Defendante have.. beet redy
to darraine the batteill like two valiant Knyghtes & hardy
champions. _ Ferne Blaz. Gentrie To vnderstand
the order of the derayning, gaging and ioyning of those
battailes, or single combates. 1600 Tate in Gutch Coll. Cur.
I. 7 Combats personal that are derrained for causes capital.
+b. To engage in battle, do battle ; whence (in
Spenser, etc.) to set the battle in array. Ods.
¢ 1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden 1844) 88 When
Duke Richard had hearde the ambassadours..he was afeard
to darraigne battaile. 1548 Hatt Chron. 47 The Kyng of
Englande .. chose a place mete and conveniente for twoo
armies to darrayne battail. 1590 Spenser /.Q. u. ii. 26
Three valiant knights to see .. to darraine A triple warre
with triple enmitee, 1593 SHaks. 3 Hen. VJ, u. ii. 72 Dar-
raigne your battell, for they are at hand. x60z2 Carew
Cornwall (1769) 125 Then darrayning a kinde of battell (but
without armes) the Czsarians got the overhand. 1608 Hey-
woop Sadlust’s Iugurth. (1609) 20 This happened towards
the evening, no fit time to darraigne a battaile. 1654 Vit-
vain Eft. Ess. 1. 54 The.. Kings .. darraind battle with
4 Forreners. 1756 G. West Abuse Trav. xx. 8 [imitating
penser] As if he meant fierce battle to darrain.
+e. To dispose (troops, etc.) in battle array ; to
array; to order. (Loose applications of the word
by the Elizabethan archaists.) Ods.
1591 SytvesteR Yury 100 Every Chief, apart, Darrains
his Troups with order, speed and art. 1596 Spenser F. Q.
1v. ix. 4 He gan advise how best he mote darrayne That
enterprize, for greatest glories gayne. 1599 NASHE Lenten
Stuffe 50 The lesser pigmeis..thought it meete to .. elect a
King amongst them that might deraine them to battaile.
1614 SyLvester Little Bartas 472 To serve Thee, as Hee
{man] is sole ordain’d; So, to serve Him, Thou hast the
rest [creatures] derrain’d. 1727 J. Ascitt Metam. Man 45
God admitted Man to insert this Seed-Royal into the Gene-
alogy of the World, and to deraign his Pedigree in form
amongst the Descendants of Adam,
+ Derai‘gn, v.2 Ods. Also 6 derene, derain,
darrayne, 7 dereign. [a. OF. desregner, variant
of desrengier, mod.F. déranger to put out of ranks,
ERANGE.]
. To put into disorder ; to derange, disarrange.
1500-20 Dunsar Now Cumis Aige 56 Befoir no wicht I did
complene, So did her denger me derene. 1530 Patscr.
506/2, I darrayne (Lydgat), I chaunge or alter a thing from
one purpose to another. Ye ¢ransmue. is worde is nat
admytted in our comen spetche. 1706 Pxituirs (ed.
ersey), paren. .to disorder or turn out of Course,
ou, III.
225
2. passive. To be discharged from (religious)
orders; see DERAIGNMENT 2.
1574 tr. Littleton's Tenures 42b, He that is professed
monke etc. shalbe a monke, and as a monke shalbe taken
for terme of his natural life, except he bee derained by the
lawe of holye churche [Fr. Sivou gue it soit dereigne y la
ley de saint esglise), 1602 VuLBECKE 1st Pt, Paradl. 11 Mf
in auncient time a Monke, Fryer, or Cannon professed,
which was no Soueraigne of an house, had graunted to one
an annuitie, this was a voyd graunt, though he had beene
after dereigned, or made Soueraigne of the same house, or
some other. 1628 [see DERAIGNMENT?]. 1661 J. STEPHENS
Procurations 39 Those Religious persons being deraigned
and dispersed, were not. .subject to Visitation.
b. ¢ransf, 1778 Love Feast 26 Invested once, no Saint
can be deraign’d. : ,
Derai‘'gnment!. “ist. [a. OF. desraisne-
ment, derainement, f. desraisnier ; see DERAIGN v.!
and -MENT.] The act of deraigning ; = DERAIGN sé.
1706 Puitirs (ed. Kersey), Deraignunzent, a deraigning or
pork 1865 Nicuois B7ittou Il. 292 ‘These pleas shall
commenced and tried in the same manner as the great
writ of right patent, but not so as to admit of deraignment
[AFr. disreyne].
+ Derai‘'gnment?. Ods. [a. OF. desrenement,
f. desregner : see DERAIGN v.2 and -MENT.] Dis-
charge from a religious order.
1539 Act 31 Hen. VIII, c. 6 The same religious persons,
and euery of them shall be made able .. to sue, and be sued
in all manner of actions .. after the time of their seueral
deraignements, or departinge out of their religion, 1628
Coke Ox Litt. 136 b, Deraignment, a displacing, or turning
out of his order. So when a Monke is derained, he is de-
graded and turned out of his order, and become a lay man.
1668 Hate Pref. Rolle's Abridgment 4 Profession, Deraign-
ment, and the several Appendixes relating thereto, made
considerable Titles in the old Year Books.
Derail (dirzl), v. [ad. mod.F. dérailler (in
Bescherelle’s 77. Dict. 1845, adm. by Académie in
1878) ‘to go off the rails’, f. dé (= De- II. 2) +
ratl Rain. Introduced from French about 1850,
but app. received into general use first in U.S.]
1. zutr. To run off or leave the rails.
1850 Larpner Railway Economy 326 foot-note, Derailment
—I have adopted this word from the French. .the verb ¢o de-
rail or to be deratled may be used inacorresponding sense.
1864 WessTER, Derai/, to run off from the rails of a rail-
way, as a locomotive. Larduer. 1883 A. Crane in Leisure
Hour 284/2 It [the locomotive] had ‘derailed’, 1883 in
CassE Lt [the only sense given: characterized as American].
2. trans. To cause (a train, etc.) to leave the
rails; to throw off the rails.
1850 LarpNeER Railway Economy 327 On the 16th Septem-
ber 1847, on the Manchester and Liverpool Railway, the last
carriage of the express train, having two passengers in it,
was derailed. /di¢., The displacement only became great
enough to derail the wheels on the arrival of the last coach
at the point. 1881 PAilad. Record No. 3416. 1 [They]
stopped four cars forcibly, derailed them. 1881 M. Reynotps
Engine-driving Life 32 Having their engines de-railed.
1892 Daily News 4 Apr. 2/4 The faster a train ran, the more
likely would it be to derail any impediment on the track.
Hence Derai‘led //. a., Derai‘ling vd/. sb.
1881 Nature XXV. 246 A ballasted floor of sufficient
strength to hold up a derailed locomotive. 1884 Christian
World 5 June 419/5 The cause of the derailing of the
carriages. 1891 Z7imes 26 Sept. Fie The telegraph pole
having been broken down. .by the derailed carriages,
Derailment (diré''Imént). [ad. mod.F. dérail-
lement (cited by Bescherelle 1845, from F. Tour-
neaux 1841), f. dérailler: see prec. Introduced
from French ¢ 1850 : at first chiefly used in U.S.]
Said of a railway train, etc.: The fact of leaving
or being thrown off the rails.
18g0 LARDNER Railway Economy 326 In most cases of
derailment*, it is the engine which escapes from the rails.
[Foot-note*, 1 have adopted this word from the French:
it expresses an effect .. for which we have not yet had any
term in our railway nomenclature. By déraillement is
meant the escape of the wheels of the engine or carriage froin
the rails.] 1864 Wester, Dervailment, the state of being
off the rails of a railway, as a locomotive. Lardner. 1880
Times 20 Jan, (Swiss Railways), The number of accidents
+.was 177, of which 55 are classed as derailments, 55 as
collisions. 1880 St. Fames’s Gaz. 17 Aug. 12, I do not now
refer to the influence of speed in producing a derailment.
+ Derain, v. Ols. rare. [f. Dr- I. 1+ Raty z.]
intr. To rain down, fall as rain.
c1563 Cavenvisu Metr. Visions, Ld. Seymour, in Life
Wolsey (1825) 11, 109 When I the teares shold se from hir
face derayn. A
Derain(e, variants of DERAIGN v. Obs.
Derange (déré'ndz), v. [(18th c.) a, mod.F.
déranger, in Cotgr. (1611) desranger ‘to disranke,
disarray, disorder’, in OF. desrengier, f. des-, dé-,
L. dis-+renc, reng, mod.F. rang Rank, order.
Not in Johnson ; considered by him as French :—
‘It is not easy to guess how Dr. Warburton missed this
opportunity of inserting a French word, by reading,—and
the wide arch Of derang’d empire fall !—Axt. § CZ. 1.i,
which, if deranged were an English word, would be pre-
ferable both to ruined and ranged’. Shaks. 1765 VUI. 107.]
1. trans. To disturb or destroy the arrangement
or order of; to throw into confusion ; to disarrange.
1 Rosertson Hist, Amér, (1778) Il. vt. 173 Lest the
order of the procession should be deranged, he moved so
slowly, that the Spaniards became impatient. 1793 CRAuFURD
in Ld. Aucklana’s Corr. III. 111 The approach of an army
would. .probably derange what has been decreed in regard
to the Vendée. 1836 Maccitiivray tr. Husmboldt’s Trav.
ii. 31 A country recently deranged by volcanic action. 1848
DERAY.
Macautay Hist. Eng. 11. 531 This letter deranged all the
projects of James, 1889 Sfectator 12 Oct., If a dancing-
girl deranges her dress too much.
b. ‘To remove from place or office, as the
personal staff of a principal military officer’
(Webster 1828). Ods.
1796 Morse Amer, Geog. I. 244 The officers who have
been deranged by the several resolutions of Congress, upon
the different reforms of the army.
2. To disturb the normal state, working, or func-
tions of; to put into a disordered condition; to
cause to act abnormally.
Sg Apa Situ W, N, 1. vii. (1868) II. 214 Both these
kinds of monopolies derange more or less the natural dis-
tribution of the stock of the society ; but they do not always
derange it inthe same way. 1789 Mitts in PAil, Trans.
LXXX. 89 The hill Knock Renestle is a magnetic mass
of rock, which considerably deranges the compass. 1804
ABERNETHY S77g. Vbs. 130 His constitution was so deranged
by the irritation of the sore. 1862 Sir B. Bropie /’sychod,
Inq. 11. ii. 39 Habits .. which tend in any degree to de-
range the animal functions, should be scrupulously avoided.
3. To disorder the mind or brain of ; to unsettle
the reason of.
1825 SoutHEy Tale of Paraguay 1. 60 The trouble which
our youth was thought to bear With such indifference
hath deranged his head. 1855 Macauray //ist. Eng. IV.
532 Minds d@ranged by sorrow.
4. To disturb, interrupt.
1848 /raser's Mag. XX XVIII. 273, I ventured to derange
your leisure. 1882 Stevenson New Arad. Nis. 251, 1 am
sorry to have deranged you for so small a matter.
Hence Deranging vé/. sb. and ffl. a.
1795 Femina II. 30 Her share in this deranging incident.
1870 Daily News 5 Oct., All kinds of deranging influences
are at work.
Derangeable (diréi:ndzab'l), a.
-ABLE.] Liable to derangement.
1843 Syp. Smitu Left, (D.), The real impediment..is
that derangeable health which belongs to old age.
Deranged (diréi:ndzd), ppl. a. [f. DERANGE v.]
1. Put out of order; disordered, disarranged.
1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 1. 246 Measures..to recover
them [commercial affairs] from their deranged situation.
1809-10 CoLeRIDGE Friend (1865) 84 A deranged state of
the digestive organs. 1875 LyeL. Princ. Geol. 1.1, vii. 125
The deranged and the horizontal formations.
2. Disordered in mind ; insane.
¢1790 Wittock Moy. 319 When I came to mention .. they
imagined I was still deranged, as there was no such place,
as I described. 1856 J. H. Newman Cad/ista xii. 140 The
few persons whom he met. . thought him furious or deranged.
1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 465 A man who is deranged
and not right in his mind.
Derangement (diréi‘ndgmént). [a. mod.F,
dérangement (1671 in Hatzf.), f. déranger: see
DERANGE and -MENT.]
1. Disturbance of order or arrangement; dis-
arrangement, displacement.
1780 ‘I. JEFFERSON Corr. Wks. 1859 I. 276 A strange
derangement, indeed, our riders have got into; to be nine
days coming from Hillsborough. 1854 StocquELEr Handbk.
Brit, India 417 They could not be incorporated in their
proper places without a very extensive reprint and a de-
rangement of the entire work. 1875 LyeLL Princ. Geol.
I. 1. vii. 116 Time must multiply the derangement of strata,
in the ratio of antiquity.
2. Disturbance of normal or regular order or
working; the condition of being out of order ;
disorder ; disorganization.
1737 BERKELEY Querist § 457 Whether this folly may not
produce..an entire derangement of domestic life..a general
corruption in both sexes? 1766 Cuesterr. Lett, ccexcviii.
(1792) IV. 231 It is a total dislocation and dérangement.
1805 W. Saunpers Min. Waters 502 Without any con-
siderable derangement in the digestive organs, 1856 FroupE
Hist. Eng. (1858) 1. ii. 146 The derangement of the woollen
trade. .was causing distress all over the country.
3. Disturbance of the functions of the mind;
mental disorder ; insanity.
1800 Act 39-40 Geo. IIT, c. 94 § 3 (Jod.) Apprehended
under circumstances, that denote a derangement of mind.
1812 G. D. Cottinson Law conc. Idiots I. 1. iv. (Jod.),
Many actions bear too marked a character of illusion, of
derangement, of alienation of mind, that a man in his senses
could not by any possibility commit them. 1825 SouTHEY
Tale of Paraguay w. 66 Mark of passion there was none;
None of derangement. 1874 Maups.ey Resfons. in Ment.
Dis. vii. 233 Supplying the interpretation of the previously
obscure attacks of recurrent derangement.
+ Dera‘sion. Oéds. rare—'. [n. of action from
L, déradére to shave off.] A scraping or shaying off.
1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. 1. 79 The derasion made
at the foresaid time is sufficient.
Deray (dirzi-), sb. arch. Also 4 derai, 4-5
derray(e, dray, 5 derei; 8. 4-5 desray(e. See
also Disray. [a. OF. desrez, desrai, later desrot,
derei, derat, derot, f. tonic stem of desreer: see
Deray v., also ARRAY v., DISARRAY. ]
+1. Disorder, disturbance, tumult, confusion.
To make deray: to create a disturbance, act vio-
lently and noisily. Ods. (or arch.).
c1300 K, Adis. 1177 He tok Alisaundre this deray, For to
amende gef he may. c1320 Sir Tristr. 3165 On canados
sche gan crie And made gret deray. ¢1420 Anturs of Arth.
xl, Querto draues thou so dre3ghe, and mace suche deray?
¢1470 Henry Wadlace vi. 239 The schirreff cryt: Quha
makis that gret deray? 1513 Douctas nels vil. x. 77
Turnus was by, and amyd this deray, This hait fury of
slauchtyr, and fell afray. 99*
[f. prec. +
DERAY.
Fragm. Alexander, in Rouland & V. (18
p. xxiii, men might reuthe y-sen M a mi
gredeing. 1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 239 Wherof they maad
grete noyse and desraye. __ "
+b. Impetuosity ; display of vigour or geri
c1300 K. Alis, 2721 Sone he say A yong knyght, also of
gret deray..Ageyns him he neth to ride, ¢ 1325 Coer
de L. 502 The aventerous with gret deray So to our
knyght he droff, Hys schelde in twoo peses roff.
¢e. Disarray, confusion, modern archaism.
1831 Hoe in Fraser's Mag. 1V. 425 Whose beauty, form,
and manners bland, Have ies, deray through all the
land. 1850 Brackie 42 schy/us 11. 196 Him struck dismay
In wild deray. 1872 — Lays Hight. 82 They rove the vest,
and in deray They flung her on the floor.
+2. Disorderly action towards any one ; violence,
injury, insolent ill-treatment. Zo do or make deray
to: to do violence to; to disturb, molest. Oéds.
@1300 Cursor M. 23346 (Cott.) If pai suld for feluns
prai, It war gain godd and gret derai. ¢1340 /bid. 15568
(Trin.) Pou sal se hem 3itt to ny3t do me greet deray. 1375
Barsour Bruce xv. 438 Lordyngis, it war my will Till
end of the gret deray That dowglass makis vs ilk day.
ans York Myst. xxvii. 121 Peter I have prayed for the
So that thou schall no3t drede his dray. ¢1450 Guy Warw.
(C.) 4336 Who hath done pe all pys deraye. 1480 Caxton
Ovid's Met. xu. xix, Achylles was full of desraye and
inyquyte, and drewe the y of Hector by grete woodenes.
2a1550 Freiris of Berwik 536 In thy depairting se thow
mak no deray Vnto no wicht, bot frely pass thy way.
3. Disorderly mirth and revelry as in a dance or
similar festivity. Chiefly in the alliterative phrase
dancing and deray. arch.
1500-20 Dunpar Poems Ixxviii. 14 For din, nor danceing,
nor deray, It will nocht walkin me no wise. 1513 DouGLas
Eneis 1. xi. heading, Off the bancat, and of the greit deray,
And how Cupide inflambes the lady gay. a1550 Christis
Kirke Gr. i, Wes nevir in Scotland hard nor sene Sic
dansing nor deray. 1807 J. StacG Poems 65 Wi’ lowpin’,
dancin’ and deray. 1824 Scott Redgauntlet Let. xi, There
was .. dancing and deray within. 1837 Cartyie 7. Rev.
I. 11. 1. xii, So have we seen fond weddings. .celebrated with
an outburst of triumph and deray, at which the elderly
shook their heads. 1892 Daily News 2 Dec. 5/2 The
dancing and deray were so public that all classes had their
share of the fun.
9] 4. exron. for ARRAY.
1538 Aberdeen Reg. V. 16(Jam.) To be in thair best deray
ilk persone.
+ Deray (diré'-), v. Obs. Also dray. [a. OF.
desreer, -reier, -rayer, later desroier, derroyer, de-
rayer, = Pr, desreiar, It. disredare:—Rom. type
*des-redare, f.L. Dis- + -rédare, f. *rado preparation,
order: see ARRAY. (The atonic stem in OF. was
desre-, the tonic desrei-, -rai-, -rot-, which was
afterwards extended to the inf. and other atonic
forms.)] ref, and intr, To act or behave in a dis-
orderly manner ; to_rage.
1340-70 Alisaunder 883 Nectanabus ,. graithes him sone
Deraide as a dragoun dreedful in fight. c 1350 Will. Palerne
1210 Pus despitusly pe duk areyet him panne. /did. 2061
He deraied him as a deuel.
4] Used for Derarcn v.'
with infin. deraye(n.]
¢1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 3915 Finde a Sarrazin oper a — ;
& he schal anoper finde, Pat schal deray[ne] his ri3t kinde.
1325 Coer de L. 5456 Wylt thou graunt with spere and
scheeld Deraye the ryght in the feelde.
Derayn(e, variants of DERAIGN v. Obs.
Derb, a. rare. ? nonce-wd. [a. Ger. derd com-
pact, solid, rough.] Rough, uncrystallized, massive.
182s CoLeripcE Aids Refi, 329 If..1 oppose transparent
y (bora Alumen to opake derb (uxchrystallized)
lumen.
Derby (da-sbi, d51bi). The name of a town
(in OF. named by the Northmen Déorady, Déorby)
and shire of England, and of an earldom named
from the shire or county. See also DarBy, Hence
1. Proper name of the most noted annual horse-
race in England, founded in 1780 by the twelfth
Earl of Derby, and run at the Epsom races, usually
on the Wednesday before, or the second Wednesda
after, Whitsunday (the actual date being fixed eac’
year in connexion with those of the Newmarket
and Ascot meetings, by the Jockey Club).
W. H. ig: proebang Seid —— Scotl. xxxix. (1855)
35 hat care I about or Derbys? 1848 Disragti in
's Mag. Aug. Wg 340/2 ‘You do not know what
the Derby is’. ‘Yes I do, It is the Blue Ribbon of the
Turf’. 1871 M. Cottins Mrg. § Merch. U1. vi. 161, 1 had
been to the Derby. | fs
b. Hence attrib, and in comb.,as Derby day,
the day on which the ‘ Derby’ is run ; Derby dog,
the proverbial dog on the race-course, after this
has been otherwise cleared; hence a//usively, some-
thing sure to turn up or come in the way.
1862 7imes 6 June, It was a real ar gathering, and, if
possible, a Derby gathering rated with all its queer
mélange of high and low. 1871 M. Cottis Mrg. §& Merch.
I. vi. 190 On a Derby Day the hill at Epsom is thronged
with them, 1885 7i#es 4 June 10/2 The reputation which
invariably attaches to a Derby winner.
¢@. transf. Of similar important races in other
countries, as Zhe French Derby.
1890 Whitaker's Alm, 584/1 The winner of the French
Derby. ee ene '3 The * Snowshoe
Derby’ place on Sunday and yesterday at Holmen-
kollen near Christiania,
B. as.
[Confusion of derayne
1802 Beppors //ygéia vi. 67 The water of melted snéw has
been held by many authors to be the cause of the broncho-
cele or Derbyshire neck. 1836 Sir G. Heap Home Tour
117 The malady. .called the ‘ Derbyshire neck ’—an endemic
protuberance in the throat, or goitre. 1878 T. Bryant Pract,
Surg. 1, 191 Goitre, or Derbyshire neck, is very common,
2. Derbyshire spar, + drop: fluor-spar.
1772 Gitrin Lakes Cumberland (1788) II. ax7 It..is
known in London by the name of the Derbyshire drop. But
on the spot it is called Blue John. ge Cronstedt's Min.
26 Pieces of Derbyshire spar, through which the light of
a candle formed many images. 1854 J. Scorrern in Orr's
Circ. Sc. Chem. 64 Derbyshire spar (fluoride of calcium).
Derche, obs. form of DirceE.
+ Der-doving, f//.a. Obs. rare—'. A pseudo-
archaism of Spenser, app. from dare-do taken as a
compound verb, with pple. in -1NG (cf. DERRING-DO)
taken in the sense ‘ Doing daring deeds’.
Dere-doing as a legitimate combination would mean ‘ harm-
doing, mischief-working ’.
1590 Spenser F. Q. 1. vii. 10 Me ill befits, that in derdoing
armes And honours suit my vowed daies do spend, Unto thy
bounteous baytes .. to attend.
+ Dere, s+. Os. Forms: 3-6 dere, 4-5 der,
5 (darr), deire, derre, deerre, 5-6 deere, 5-7
Sc. deir, 6 deare, 7 dial, dare. [f. DERE v.:
perhaps a continuation of OE. daru (whence ME.
darr) with the vowel assimilated to the vb.: cf. MDu.
dere, in Kilian dere, deyre ‘nocumentum, offensa,
noxa’, See next.] Harm, hurt, injury, mischief,
esp. in phr. to do (a person) dere.
¢ 1250 Gen. & Ex. 3214 Pharaon bannede vt his here, Israel
he dhozte to don dere. cr R. Brunne Chron, Wace
(Rolls) 8904 Now may 3¢ lyghtly bere pe stones to schip
wypbouten dere. 14.. Grene Ant. gor in Sir Gawayne
| oapcomgs ne Club) App. 237 If itt be poynt of any warr,
There shall noe man doe you noe darr, ¢1460 7owneley
Myst. (Surtees) 149 Wylle ye do any dere to my chyld and
me? ¢1485 Dighy Myst. (1882) 1. 192, I shall the socor in
euery dere. c1570 Pride & Lowl. (1841) 13 Many a vice ..
Which do, and have done this land mickle deere. 1603
Philotus \xxiii, 3ow mon first to me sweir, That 3e to me
salldonadeir. 1674 Ray NV. C. Words 13 Dare, harm or
pain .. It does me no dare, i.e. no harm,
+ Dere, v. Obs. Forms: 1 derian, 2-4 derie(n,
(4 deri, derye), 2-3 deren, 3-6 dere, 4-5 der,
(4-7 deere, 5 deire, dayre, 5-6 deyre, 6 dear(e,
Sc. deir, 6-7 dare). [OE. derian, derigan = OF ris.
dera, OS. derian, MDu. déren (daren), Du. deren,
OHG. terjan, teren, MHG. tern :—W Ger. *darjan,
f. WGer. *dara str. fem., OHG. éara, OE. daru,
hurt, harm, injury, damage.]
1. ¢rans. To hurt, harm, injure.
In OE. intrans. with dative, ‘to do harm fo’,
888 K. AEcrrep Soeth, vii. § 3 Pat him da stormas derian
ne mahan, c117§ Lamb, Hom. 13 Ne bet eou scal derien
nouder here ne hunger. cx200 7rin, Coll. Hom, 79
Flesliche lustes pe deried ure sowle. ¢1300 Havelok 574
Leoun or wif .. Or oper best, bat wolde him dere, 1380 Lay
Folks’ Catech, (Lamb. MS.) 831 Fals wytnesse* bow noon
beere ney3bore wyttyngly to dere. ¢ Henry
Wallace 1x. 164 He gert him suer Fra that da: th he suld
him neuir der. ¢1gxo Barctay Mirr. Gd, Manners (1570)
D iv, Who is without trespasse, what can him hurt or dere,
1573 Tusser //us. ii, (1878) 8 Great charge so long did dare
me, ¢1611 Criarman //iad x1. 406 The wound did dare him
sore. aay 7, Ports Disc. Witches (1845) K ij a, The stick
nor the stake shall never deere thee.
b. abésol. To do harm, ‘hurt’.
@ 1100 O.E, Chron, an, 1032 germ, wildefyr] de-
rode eac on manegum stowum, one
(Cott.) Pat nathing mai cum in 9
And of Achilles for his queinte spere, For he
dere, ¢x400 Maunpev. (Roxb,) iii. 9 mie -ilk ane abouen
pe to see be iustyng, so pat nane schall dere ober, ne lett
oper to see. ¢ estr, Troy 135.
Now me bus, as a
beggar, my bi for to thi At doris vpon da that
da: me full sore. 148 ww Reynard xxxix. (Arb.)
106 That dered hym so moche that he wyste not what to
saye .. he was so angry in his herte. hip Seiten let
Suffolk x, When we (envoys) shewed wherein eche other
, We sought out meanes al quarels to haue clered. 1674
Ray S. § £. C. Words 64 /t dares me, it pains or grieves me,
9 JER. LA’ 3 ip. S The alieetion:
. these a and Bupa, fey tek |
mothers. 1 UTTRELL Brief Rel. (1857) 1V.
before the cones of the exchequer .. pe ods dereli ha
left by the sea in Yorkshire. 1848 Hattam Mid. Ages i.
Notes iii. (1855) I. 106 Gaul, like Britain .. had become
almost a sort of derelict possession, to be seized by the occu-
nt. 1888 7imes 21 Aug. 9/3 Massowah, which, having
n abandoned and left derelict by Egypt .. was seized by
Italy as a res nudlius.
Se. 1774 Burke Amer. Tax. Wks. (1842) I. 171 The:
easily prevailed, so as to seize upon the vacant, unoccupied,
and derelict minds of his friends.
2. Guilty of dereliction of duty; unfaithful, de-
linquent (U.S.). Hence Derelictness.
1864 Daily Tel. 13 Sept., Probably you will think that
United States Commissioner Newton was very ‘ derelict’ in
his duty. 1888 7he Voice (N.Y.) 4 Oct., The derelictness
of many officials in Kansas,
B. sb.
1. A piece of property abandoned by the owner
or guardian ; esp. a vessel abandoned at sea.
1670 Lond. Gaz. No. 534/1 A small Virginia ship laden
with Tobacco, which they seised as a Derelict, pretending
the men had forsaken the ship. 1 x Cuampers Cyci.,
Derelicts, in the civil law, are such goods as are wilfully
thrown away, or relinquished by the owner. 1838 De
Quincey Mod. Greece s. XIV. 320 Often .. plague ..
would absolutely depopulate a region .. In such cases, mere
strangers would oftentimes enter upon the lands as a dere-
lict. 1877 W. Tuomson Cruise Challenger iv. 61 On the
morning of March 23rd we steamed in search of the derelict,
b. A person abandoned or forsaken.
1728 Savace Bastard Pref., 1 was a Derelict from my
cradle, 1873 Browninc Red Cott. Nt.-cap 258 To try con-
clusions with my help! —To on, me,
your derelict, Helped by advantage that b lends?
2. One guilty of dereliction of duty (U.S.), Cf.
yet
1888 The Voice (N.Y.) 3 Jan., The Republicans renomi-
nated and triumphantly re-elected the derelicts, f
Dereli‘ct, v. rare. [f. L. dérelict-, ppl. stem
of dérelinguére; see prec.
+1. trans. To abandon, forsake. Ods.
1622 Donne Serm. Yohn xi. 35 Friends .. must not be
derelicted, abandoned to themselves. 1691 T. H{ae] Acc,
New Invent. \xxiii, Grants .. of Lands derelicted.
2. fig. To fail to keep or observe ; to fall short
of. nonce-use.
188r Macrarren Counterp, te E can only be
understood by students who are oroughly conversant with
the rules they [the exceptions] derelict.
ion (der/likfon). [ad. L. déreliction-
em, n. of action from dérelii : see DERELICT.
Cf. obs. F. (16th c.) dereliction (Godef.).]
1, The action of leaving or forsaking (with in-
tention not to resume) ; abandonment. (Now rare
exc. in legal use.)
a 1612 Donne Bea@avaros (1644) 123 The next species of
Homicide .. is Permission, which when it is toward our-
selves, is by the schoolemen usually called Desertion, or
Dereliction, 1649 JER. Tayitor Gt. Exemp. 1. viii. P 5 Re.
P and d ion of sins. 1782 Gisnon Decl. & ¥,
xxxvi. (1836) 586 This wise dereliction of ey vexatious,
and unprofitable claims. 188 Jas. Mitt Brit. Jndia II. v.
iv. 442 He a i
, if not a dereliction, at any rate a
P the desig Bryce Holy
xi. (ed. 5) 176 Imposts.. by
obsolete.
Rom, Emp.
dereliction ech
b. The condition of being forsaken or aban-
doned. Now rare.
31597 Hooker Eccl. Pol, y. xvii. § 2 Dereliction in this
wari and in the world to come confusion. — Brooks
Gold. Key Wks. 1867 V. 98 That Jesus Christ suffer
dereliction of God really ; that he was indeed deserted and
forsaken of God. 1771 Yunius Lett. \xvii. 330 The
baronet has no friends .. you are not reduced to so S
able a state of dereliction, 31807 Vancouver Agric,
1813) 85 These — whether mr
rom the caprice or folly of their owners,
ec. fig. The ‘abandonment’ or leaving dry of
land by the sea; concr. the land thus left dry.
1767 thacanete Chak IL. 261 See newly comnied...
by the alluvion or dereliction of the sea, :
‘usb, Bengal (1806) 8 Land which has been gained
pe Roles es sare. s Sie on 4
x orfoll gained largely on eastern
dereliction of the sea, | d ‘
tones ert 2
DERELINQUISH.
2. In modern use implying a morally wrong or
reprehensible abandonment or neglect; chiefly in
the phr. dereliction of duty. ~
1778 Burke Corr. (1844) Il. 217 A dereliction of every
opinion and principle that I have held. 1836 J. Girpert
Chr. Atonem. iv. (1852) 90 He will not accept of compli-
ments paid to his power at the expense of a dereliction of
his royal claims, 1840 H. Ainswortu Jower of London
viii, They would be answerable with their lives for an
further dereliction of duty, 1860 Pusey Winx. Proph. Mal.
ii. 11, Idolatry, the central dereliction of God. 1892 Lp.
Esuer in Law Times Rep. UXVII. 211/2 The plaintiffs
have been guilty of a dereliction of duty, but for which the
sewage matter would not flow into the stream.
b. Hence aédso/, Failure in duty, delinquency.
1830 Herscuet Stud. Nat. Phil. 11 In this case it was
moral dereliction which gave to ridicule a weight and power
not necessarily .. belonging to it. 184z Emerson Lect,
Man the Reformer Wks. (Bohn) II. 236 The employments
of commerce .. are .. vitiated by derelictions and abuses at
which all connive. 188 S. H. Hopcson Outcast Ess. 396
What ! on thy guiltless children wilt thou call Lightly the
curse of such a dereliction? 1882 HinspaLe Garfield &
Educ, 1. 396 Each pupil felt .. that he owed her a personal
apology for any dereliction or failure on his part.
+3. Failure, cessation ; esp. sudden failure of the
bodily or mental powers, fainting. Ods.
1647 H. More Song'of Soud m1. App. Ixxix, Of brasen sleep
and bodi’s derelictions. — 1749 Be. Lavincron Exthus.
Methodists (1820) 23 Derelictions, terrors, despairings. 1794
G. Apams Nat. §& Exp. Philos. 1V. xl. gt The word eclipse
en ee dereliction, a fainting away, or swooning. 1797
E. M. Lomax Philanthropfe 169 All at once, by some un-
fortunate dereliction of mind, he made a full stop.
+b. Failure, defect, shortcoming. Ods.
r8or Fusevt in Lect. Paint. ii. (Bohn 1848) 383 Michel-
angelo .. no doubt had his moments of dereliction. 1807
Opte 7bid. i. 265 Michelangelo had derelictions and defi-
ciencies too great to be overlooked.
Dereligionize, -ing: see De- II. 1.
Dereling, -yng, obs. forms of Darina.
+ Derelisnque, v. Obs. rare—°. =next.
1623 CockEram, Derelingue, to leaue.
a Derelinquish (dirflinkwif), v. Obs. [f.
RELINQUISH, after L. dérelingucre: see DERELICT.
Cf. OF. derelainguir in same sense (Godef.).]
trans. To relinquish utterly, forsake, abandon.
@ 1612 Donne Braéavaros (1644) 106 That it were deadly
sinne in him to de-relinquish the Church. 1679 J. Smitu
Narrat. Pop. Plot Ded. B, That you will not .. both desert
your Self, and de-relinquish the care of three Kingdoms.
1799 Kirwan Geol. Ess. 81 ‘This vast continental depression,
whose derelinquished space was occupied by water.
Derene, -renne, -reyne, variants of DERAIGN
v. Obs., to prove, etc.
+Dere're, adv. Obs. [a. OF. deriere, now
derriére, behind = Pr. dereire, It. dietro, drieto:—
late pop. L. de-vetro ‘from backwards’.] Behind.
1386 Cuaucer Reeve's 7. 181 (Harl.) This seely clerkes
ronnen vp and doun, Wib keep, keep, stand, stand, Iossa,
ware derere, Ga wightly pou and I sal keep him heere.
+ Derf, sd. Ods. [app. shortened from -OE.
gedeorf labour, trouble, tribulation, f. deorfan
to labour: see Derrve.] Trouble, tribulation,
hurt.
[cxo0o Exrric Colloguy » 16 Hig, hiz, micel gedeorf ys
hit !]_ c1zog Lay. 10943 Nas na man ..pzt dursten him derf
makien. @1225 Ancr, R, 80 Strong uorte drien derf ine
Godes seruise. /éid. 106 Heo wolde pet derf puldeliche
Lawes Ibid. 180 Sicnesse, meseise .. and euerich licom-
liche derf pet eileb be vlesche. cx230 Wali Meid. 17 Abeore
blideliche be derf pat tu drehest.
+ Derf, «. (adv.) Obs. Forms: 3 (Orm.) derrf,
deorrf, 3-4 derue, 3-6 derf, 4-5 derff, 4-6 derfe,
5-6 derffe, darf(e, 6dearfe. [app.a.ON. djarfr
(:—derfa-2) bold, daring, audacious, impudent : cf.
OSw. diarver, dixrver, Sw. djerf, Da. dixrv;
cognate with OS. derdi, OF ris. devfe ; not recorded
in OE. where the forms would be deor/, dierfe ; cf.
deorrfltke in Ormin.]
1. Bold, daring, courageous, brave.
¢ 1200 OrMIN eb He [Nicodemus] nass nohht derrf inoh
all opennli3 to sekenn be Laferrd Crist. /did. 19598 Wibb
derrf & openn spzche. 1375 Barsour Brace xvii. 307 The
frer..wes derrf, stout, and ek hardy. cx400 Destr. Troy
12800 His derf knightes. 1513 Douctas neis 1x. ix. 22
‘Turnus the priffce, at was baith darf and bald.
b. In a bad sense: Bold, audacious, daringly
wicked.
a1300 Cursor M. 12936 (Cott.) Pat derf o ded, pat fals
traitur. /dfd. 27749 (Cott.) Wreth .. wentes man fra goddis
will and mas him derf to dedis ill. ? a@1400 Morte Arth.
3779 Thow salle be dede and undone for thy derfe dedys.
c1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 305 Fulle darfe has been
oure deede for-thi commen is our care. 1570 Levins JZanif.
31 _Darfe, stubborn, fertinax, obduratus,
2. Strong, sturdy, stout.
c 1340 Gaw. § Gr. Kut. 1233 Pe dor drawen, & dit with
aderf haspe. ?@ 1400 A/orte Arth. 312 No more dowte the
dynte of theire derfe wapyns. c1450 Henryson Mor. Fad,
78 His darf oxen I compt them not a flee,
b. Vigorous, forcible, violent.
1440 York Myst. xlvi. 17 That drewe all tho domesmen
derffe indignacioun. c1450 Golagros § Gaw. 359 Delis thair
full doughtely mony derf dynt. 16.. Earl Westmorland
2g9r in Furniv. Percy Folio 1. 311 Blowes that were both derfe
and dire. ; :
3. Painful, grievous; terrible, dreadful; cruel.
a Leg. Kath. 565 Ich hire wule don to be derueste
c1325 £. £, Allit. P. B, 862 Dotz away your derf
227
dyn & derez neuer my gestes. ¢c1470 Henry MWadlace vu.
217 Mony..Off Wallace part, thai putt to that derff deid.
b. Troublesome, hard, difficult.
ai225 Leg. Kath. 948 For nis him no derure for to ad-
weschen feole ben fewe. c1230 Hali Meid. 19 His reades. .
derue beod to fullen. 1535 Stewarr Cron. Scot. LL. 294
‘The darfast way. .Tha rid the gait without rangat till go.
B. as adv. Grievously, terribly.
1325 Metr. Hom. (1862) 23 Slic wordes said Crist of thir
wers That folc in werd ful derf deres.
Derfde, pa. t. of DervE v. Obs.
+ Derfful, z. Ols. In 4 derful, 6 darfful.
(?f. Derr sé. + -ruL.] ?Troublous, hurtful; or
=Derra. Hence De'rffully adv.
¢ 1340 Cursor M, 22544 (Edin.) Wod and wal al doun sal
draw of demster pat derful aw. [Other ASS. dredful.] 1535
Srewart Cron. Scot. 2338 The dartis flew lyke fyre out of
the flint Darffuland dour. — a122g Leg. Kath. 1090 Deien
se derfliche [oxe A7S. derffulliche].
+ Derfly, a. Obs. [?f. Derra.+-Ly1; cf. ON.
Garfligr bold, daring.] Grievous, terrible, dread-
ful; =DeErF a. 3.
@ 1300 Cursor M. 1143 (Cott.) pi derfli dede has liknes nan.
[bid. 7182 To derfly ded bai suld him bring.
+ Derfly, adv. Obs. Forms: see Derra. [f.
DerF a.+-ty2. Cf. ON. darfliga boldly.]
1. Boldly; fiercely.
¢ 1200 ORMIN 9752 Forrpi toc hem Sannt Iohann Deorrf-
like to begrippen. c1220 Bestiary 411 For to winnen fode
derflike widuten dred. c1340 Gaw. § Gr. Kut. 2334 How
pat do3ty dredles deruely per stondez. @ 1400-50 4 lexvander
2942 Pan has ser Dary dedeyne, & derfely [Duddin MS.
darfly] he lokes.
2. Forcibly, violently.
¢1200 OrMIN 16195 Patt tuss derrfliche drifesst alle pis
follc ut off piss minstre. ¢ 1340 Cursor A, 19712 \Edin.) pai
toke pair rede derueli [v.7. derfli] do him to pe dede._ ¢ 1400
Melayne 1033 So darfely bothe thaire dynttis thay driste.
1535 STEWART Cron. Scot. 1. 41 Eolus .. In Yrland cost rycht
darflie did thame dryve. a 1605 Potwart Flyting w. Mont-
gomerie 542 To dreadfull dolour dearfly or 3e dryue him.
Quickly, promptly.
c1325 £. FE. Addit. P. B. 1641 Derfly penne Danyel deles
pyse wordes. a 1400-50 Alexander 3006 Derfly on be tobir
day a douth he assembles. c1475 Rauf Coil3ear 798
To the Montane he maid him full boun. . Derflie ouir Daillis.
3. Grievously, terribly.
ax225 Ancr. R.114 Pus was Iesu Crist..in alle his fif
wittes derfliche ipined. ?a1400 Morte Arth. 3278 And
there-fore derflyche I am dampnede for ever !
+ Derfness. Ods. [f. Drnr a. +-NESS. Sense 1
Shee to be related to Derr sé.]
.. Trouble, hardship ; = Derr sd.
1175 Lamb. Hom. 21 Pes pu hefdest mare deruenesse
on pisse liue of pine licome, pes pu scoldest hersumian be
bet pine leofe drihten. —@ 1300 Cursor AL. 3996 (Cott.) Man
pat pou will help in nede Thar him neuer na derfnes drede.
2. Boldness, audacity.
cx400 Destr. Troy 5110 He, bat warpes thies wordes in
his wild foly, Shuld degh, for his derfenes.
+Derfship. 0¢s. [f. Derr a. +-suip.] Auda-
city.
a 1225 Leg. Kath, 978 pis is nu pe derfschipe of pi dusi
onsware and te deopnesse.
Dergie, obs. form of D1rGE.
Deric (de'rik), a Biol. [mod. f. Gr. dépos skin
+-1¢.] Pertaining to, or constituting, the skin or
outer integument of the body.
1878 Bett Gegenbaur's Comp. Anat. 36 The outer ger-
minal, layer (deric layer or ectoderm) forms the outer limit-
ing layer of the body.
erick, var. spelling of DERRICK.
Deridable (dirai-dab’l), a. [f. Deripr v. +
-ABLE.] - That may be derided or ridiculed.
1804 Jerrrey Le¢. in Ld. Cockburn 27% II. xliv, You..
have yet to learn that everything has a respectable, and
a deridable aspect. |
Deride (diraid), v. [ad. L. dzride-re to laugh
to scorn, scoff at, f. De- I. 4 + L. videre to laugh.
Cf. OF. derive and rare derider (Godef.).]
1. ¢vans. To laugh at in contempt or scorn; to
laugh to scorn: to make sport of, mock.
1530 [see DertpinG below]. 1545 Jove Zp. Dan. iii. 44
In al tymes haue the tyrants derided the godly while they
paciently waited for Godshelpe. 1581 Perrin Guazzo’s Civ.
Conv. 1. (1586) 30 b, Mockers and flouters, whg .. deride
everie man. 1611 Bise Le xxiii. 33 And the rulers also..
derided him. 162x Burton Anat. Mel. m1, iv. 1. i. (1652)
63 I knowe not whether they are more to be pitied or de-
rided. 1667 Mitton P. L. x1. 817 Of them derided, but of
God observ’d The one just Man alive. 1763 J. Brown
Poetry §& Mus. v.75 A ipe (an Instrument which an
Englishman derides', 178 Gispon Deci. § II. xxviii. 99
He justly derides the absurd reverence for antiquity. 1853
J. H. Newman /ist, Sk. (1873) II. 1. vii. 272 Doctrines
which, as an orator, he does not scruple to deride.
+2. intr. To laugh contemptuously or scornfully.
1619 H. Hutton Follies Anat. (Percy Soc.) 43 The hang-
man .. Began to scoffe, and thus deriding said. 1663 Woop
Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 466 A club. .where many pretended
witts would meet and deride at others. 1675 ‘'RAHERNE
Chr. Ethics App. 562 When they deride at our profession.
Hence Deri-ded ///. a., Deri'ding vd/. sb. and
ppl.a.; Deri-der, one who derides, a mocker ; De-
ri-‘dingly adv., in a deriding way, with derision.
1530 Parser. 213/2 Deridyng, laughyng to skorne, derision.
1543 Necess. Doctr. H iij, A dissembler or rather a deryder
of penance. 1 Foxe A. § (2596) 635 (R-) In the
same epistle [he] deridinglie commendeth them. 1594
Hooker Zcc?. Pol, iv. i. § x Prophane and deriding adver-
DERISORIOUS.
saries. 1672 Life §& Death ¥. Alleine vi. (1837) 71 Derid-
ing and menacing language. Temrce Ess. Heroic
Virtue Wks. 1731 I. 221 Their decayed and derided Idolatry.
1695 Woopwarb Nat, Hist. Earth u. (1723) 116 His indis-
creet .. Derideing .. of his Father. 1792 Map. D’Arsiay
Diary Jan.,‘ What do you mean by going home?’ cried she,
somewhat deridingly. 1845 Lp. CampBett Chancellors (1857)
IV. lxxiv. 8 He deridingly called the swan on his badge,
‘a goose’, 1857 HuGues Vo Brown 1. iii. (1871) 63 [He]
smote his young derider on the nose.
+ Deri-dent, a. nonce-wd. Obs. [ad. L. déridént-
emt, pr. pple. of L. déridére to DERIDE.] ? Deriding,
or smiling.
1609 Ev.. Woman in Hum. 1. i. in Bullen O. PZ. 1V. 308
Bosse. Most sweete mistriss, most derydent starre. Acwt,
Then most rydent starre faire falle ye.
Derige, obs. form of Dirce.
Dering: see under DERE v.
Derisible (diri-zib’l), a. [f. L. type *dérisd-
bilis, {. déris-, ppl. stem of déeridére: see -BLE.
Cf. It. dertstbile ‘that may be derided’ (Florio
1611).] To be derided; worthy of derision.
1657 Tomiinson Renon’s Disp. 712 The Pharmacopolist
et wants Sugar, is not so derisible, as he. 1885 STEVENSON
ynamiter 45, 1 was his hopeless and derisible inferior.
Derision (détizon). Also 5 dyrision, 6 dire-
sioun. [a. F. dértston (13th c.), ad. L. dériston-em,
n. of action from deridére to DERIDE.]
1. The action of deriding or laughing to scorn;
ridicule, mockery.
a1400 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 191 Of thi wurdys I have
skorne and derysone. c1470 Henry Wadlace vin. 646 It
were but derysioun To croun him king but woice off the
parlyment. 1484 Caxton Curiadl 4 ‘That sholde be a grete
lesynge and worthy of derysion. 1590 Suaxs. J/7ds, N. 11.
ii. 123 Scorne and derision neuer comes in teares, 1601
? Marston Pasguil & Kath, 1. 244 Scourg’d with the whip
of sharpe derision. 1624 De Lawns Du Moulin's Logick
7o Sometimes names are given by contraries, and by way of
derision, As, when a dwarfe is called a Goliah. 1777 Watson
Philip [1 (1793) ULL. x1x. 16 She had regarded it rather as
an object of derision than alarm. 1852 Conybeare & H.
St. Paul (1862) I. iv. 118 The people of Antioch were noto-
rious for inventing names of derision.
b. with Z/. An instance of this, a deriding.
1535 CovERDALE ¥er. xx. 10 For why I herde so many
derisions and blasphemies. 1844 Mrs. Browninc Lady
Geraldine’s Courtship xci, Out of reach of her derisions.
ce. Phrases. Jr, + by, tfor, + to derision.
©1477 Caxton Yason 17 And thus saide to him by derision.
1494 FaByAN Chron. v1. cxcviii. 205 In dyrision and despyte
of the Danys. 1514 Barctay Cyt. & Uplondyshm. (Percy
Soc.) 25 ‘Than do they laughe us untoderysyon. 1526 Pz/gr.
Perf, (W. de W. 1531) 205 His tytle for derysyon wryten
and set ouer his heed. 1549 Compl. Scot. xx. 169 He vald
laucht and scorn vs be grit derisione. 1655-60 STANLEY
Hist. Philos. (1701) 77/1 Scarce able to write, which when
upon any occasion he did, it was to derision. 1747 WESLEY
Char. Methodist 11 Those who are in Derision so called.
1847 De Quincey Sf. ALi. Nua vii. (1853) 144 derision of
the gay colours. 5 ;
d. Zo hold or have in derision: to treat with
scorn and mockery. 70 de 72 derision: to be sub-
jected to mocking ridicule, to be a laughing-stock ;
so to bring into derision.
(With “old, have the action is prominent, with de the con-
dition of the derided.)
1494 Fasyan Chron. vi. clviii. 147 Bernulphus .. hadde
this Egbert in derysyon. 1527 R. THorne in Hakluyt Loy.
(1589) 258 Among wise men it should be had in derision.
1535 CoveRDALE ¥ob xxx. 1 Now they that are .. yonger
then I, haue me in derision. @1571 ‘THRoGMoRTON Let. fo
Cecil in Froude //ist. Eng. (1881) VI. xxxix. 439 We begin
to be in derision already for the bruit only. 162 T. ‘TayLor
Comm. Titus ii. 8 He was in daily derision, euery one
mocked him. 1770 Burke Pres. Discont. (R.), British policy
is brought into derision. ae ;
2. concr. An object of ridicule; a laughing-stock.
1539 Bisre (Great) Ps. Ixxix. 4 We are become ..a very
scorne and derysyon to them that are rounde aboute vs. 1612
T. Taytor Comm. Titus ii. 8 His word was a reproach and
derision to the profane. 1746 Hervey AZedit. (1818) 270 The
venerable patriarch is the derision of scoundrels.
+ Deri‘sionary, a. Ods. [See -ary.] Of the
nature of derision, expressing derision, derisory.
a 1704 T. Brown Lett. Dead to Living Wks. 1759 I. 215,
All hell applauds you mightily for. .that derisionary festival,
which you keep.
Derisive (dirai'siv), a. [f. L. déris-, ppl. stem
of déridére to Dente + -Ive. Cf. OF. derrisif,
-ive.| Characterized by derision; scoffing, mocking.
a1662 GAUDEN Sacrament 2 (L.) His derisive purple
stained .. with blood. 1725 Pore Odyss. u. 364 Derisive
taunts were spread from guest to guest. 1871 H. ArnsworTH
Tower Hill 1. ii, ‘Soh! you are come !’ he exclaimed, in a
deep, derisive tone. Mod. Newspr. Rept. of Parit. The
statement of the hon. member was received with derisive
cheers [i.e. Hear! hear! uttered in derisive tones].
Hence Deri:sively adv., in a mocking manner,
with derision ; Deri‘siveness.
1665 Sir T. Hersert Trav. (16 ? 220 That hyperbole ..
which derisively term[S] Cairo and Damascus villages. /éd.
243 (R.) The Persians [were] thence called Magusszi de-
risively by other ethnicks. 1838 Dickens Wich. Nick. xlv,
‘ Never you mind’, retorted that gentleman, tapping his nose
derisively. 1847 Craic, Derisiveness, the state of being
derisive. _ e
+ Deriso‘rious, a. [f. as next +-ous.] =next.
1664 H. More Axtid. Idolatry 73 A derisorious Allusion
to the occasion of the name of that ity. 1681 — Posiscr. in
Glanvill Sadducismus 1. (1726) 34 His unworthy Usage of
the Holy Writ, and his derisorious ini of it.
ye -— 2
DERISORY.
Derisory (dérai'sari), a. [ad. L. dérisori-us,
f. dérisor derider, mocker, agent-n. from déridére.]
Characterized by derision; mocking, derisive.
1618 Cuarman Hesiod 1. 325 The garrulous
«. Sits > egy out her derisory song. a1700 B. E. Dict,
Cant. Crew, Cold Iron, a Derisory Periphrasis for a Sword,
1791-1823 D'Israeti Cur. Lit.,Pol. Nicknames, The deri
nickname [Roundhead]. 1853 Grote Greece u1. Ixxxiii. XI.
st Occasions for derisory cheering, 1888 7imes 6 Sept. 7/2
ey prefer decorous obscurity to a derisory notoriety.
vabi'lity. rare. [f. DERIVABLE:
-1Ty.) The quality of being derivable.
1865 Masson Rec. Brit. Philos. 352 The existence which
each man predicates of himself is, according to Mr. Mill,
derivability from that neutrum.
Derivable (dirai-vab'l), a. [f. Derive v. +
eABLE. Cf. mod.F. dérivable.] Capable of being
derived: in various senses of the vb.
+1. Capable of being transmitted or passed on
from one to another; transmissible. Ods.
1640 Br, Hatt Efisc. u. vi. 118 Those works which are
.. derivable to all successions, to the end of the world. 1649
— Cases Conse. (1650) 416 This incest .. was permanent, and
derivable to her posterity. a 1716 SouTH OD, The eternal
rule and standard of all honour derivable upon me.
2. Capable of being drawn or obtained (from
some source); obtainable.
a * Gi Ken Christophil Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 521 Fill'd with
all Plenitude Divine, Derivable from Godhead Trine. 1799
WELLINGTON in Owen Desf. 158 The collateral benefits de-
rivable by the Company. 1869 Puicurs Vesuv. v. 150 The
singular product, derivable from some organic bodies, called
petroleum. 1884 Law Vimes 31 May 75/1 The income
derivable from a capital sum of .. twenty-six millions.
3. Capable of being obtained or drawn as a con-
clusion, deduction, or inference ; deducible from.
1653 WiLkins Ox Prayer iv. (T.), The second sort of argu-
ments, from ourselves, are derivable from some of these
heads. @1677 Barrow Serm., Wks, 1716 I]. 57 The right
sense thereof seemeth best derivable from .. the nature of
the subject he treateth on. 1873 Proctor Expanse Heaven
81 The main inference derivable from these hurricanes does
not relate to their effects but to their cause.
4. Capable of being traced up to, or shown to
proceed from (a source); traceable.
a 1682 Six T. Browne 7'racts 137 Derivable from the com-
mon Tongue diffused through themall. a1716 Soutn Sere.
VI. 226 (T.) All these lamentable accidents were both subse-
aes upon, and derivable from a sin, which was fully par-
oned. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. u. iii. § 50 All other
modes of consciousness are derivable from experiences of
orce,
Hence Derivably adv., in a derivative manner.
see
1847 in Craic.
if Derivage. Obs. rare, [f. DERIVE + -AGE.]
Derivation, tracing.
1610 W. Fotxincuam Art of Survey u. iii. 69 Deriuage of
Pedegrees from Auncestrie.
Derival (dirai-val). rare. [f. DeRIvE v.: see
-AL* 5.] Derivation; e.g. of one word from
another.
1871 Earte Philol. Eng. Tongue § 533 Of the derival of
a conjunction from a preposition, we have a ready instance
in the old familiar ‘du’, 1878 /did. § 257 Postscr., Instances
of Derival rather than of Combination.
Derivant (d/rai-vant), a. and sb. [a. F. déri-
vant, pr. pple. of dériver to DERIVE: see -ANT.]
A. adj. Med. Drawing off or away (inflamma-
tion, fluid, etc.); =DenivaTIvVEIb. B. sb. Math.
A term applied to derived function of a special kind.
1876 Bartuotow Mat. Med. (1879) 546 His conviction that
the chief utility of cupping and leeching consists not in the
blood withdrawn, but in the derivant and counter-irritant
effect which they produce.
Derivate (de‘rivet), ppl. a. and sb, [ad. L.
dérivat-us, -um, pa. pple. of dérivare to DERIVE.)
A. as pa. pple. and a. Derived.
Fasyan Chron, vit. 293 Portgreuis, whiche worde is
deriuat or made of .ii. Saxon wordis, as port and greue.
¢ 1532 Dewes /n/rod. Fr. in Palsgr. goo Tenir, uenir with
all them that be derivate of them as contenir, preuenir.
1679 Kip in G. Hickes Spir. Popery 9 Supremacy, and
every thing Originat upon and derivate from it. 1826 J.
Gitcurist Lect. 44 Correlative, derivate, and hereditary
holiness. a Sir H. Taytor Edwin the Fair 1. vii. (D.),
Him From whom the _ of kings are derivate.
B. sd. Anything derived ; a derivative.
1660 Jer. Taytor Duct. Dubit. 1. ii, rule iii. § 22 Those
tine that are derivates from heauen. 1838 Blackw. Mag.
XLIV. 550 We maintain that i meets the
given, the derivate in man, at every point. 1889 JAcons
E sop 95 Which of them is the original, which the derivate?
1892 Daily News 2 Nov. 7/3 The new Ammonia derivate
Piperazine,
Derrivate, v. Ods. rare. [f. ppl. stem of L.
dérivare to Derive.) =DeERive v. trans. and intr.
1541 R. Cortann Gu ‘s Quest. Chirurg. Peraduenture
it wold deryuate to other membres and do more harme than
was before. 1§52in HuLorr. 1643 R.O. Man's Mort. i.3
Thus Mortallity is derivated to all Adams posteritie.
+ Derivately, adv. Obs. [f. DerivarE a. +
-LY2,] Ina derived capacity or way.
1636 Paynne Unbish. Tim. 106 This power is secondarily
and derivately in the whole Church.
Derivation! (derivé'fan). [a. F. dérivation
(1377 in Lanfranc’s Chirurg., Littré), ad. L. déi-
vationem, n. of action from dérivare to DERIVE.
(The more usual OF, word was derivaison, -otson.)]
+1. The action or process of leading or carrying
228
a current of water, or the like, from a source, fo
another part; concr. a branch of a river, etc. by
which such a drawing off is effected. Ods.
1607 Torsett Four-f Beasts (1658) 525 They bite all the
reaching to the st h ing a derivation of all
those ill humors into the belly and other parts. 1612
Brerewoon Lang. & Relig. xiii. 139 Pliny in the derivation
of water, requireth one cubit of declining, in 240 foot of pro-
ceeding. alee Ray Creation 1. (1704) 82 Plenty of Vessels
for the derivation of Air to all their Parts. 1737 Bracken
Farriery he (1756) I. 93 This. .will cause a greater Deri-
vation .. of Blood to that Leg. ws Gipson Decl. & F. 1.
xxiv. 693 The fleet passed from the Euphrates into anartificial
derivation of that river. 1800 E. Darwin Phytologia 417
The necessary moisture .. which was formerly supplied b
artificial derivations of water. 183§ De Quincey in 7ast's
Mag. 1. 80 The great national fountain shall not be
a stagnant reservoir, but by an endless derivation, (to
speak in a Roman hor!) applied to a sy of
national irrigation. ; ; .
b. The action of conveying or leading away (in
a current); diversion; an instance of this; in
Electr. cf. derived circuit (DERIVED c),
1855 Bain Senses & Int. u. i. § 12 The derivation of
blood from the brain reduces the cerebral excitement. 1883
Syd. Soc. Lex., Derivation wire, the wire along which a
derived electric current. is drawn, 1885 Cuttey Pract.
Telegr. 41 The new path opened to the current is called a
derived circuit or derivation, or, properly, a fault,
c. Med. The withdrawal of inflammation or
morbid humour from a diseased part of the body,
by blistering, cupping or other means.
1600 W. Vaucuan Direct. Health (1633) 165 To use revul-
sions and derivations to withdraw some of the fumes and
vapours. 1656 RivG.ey Pract. Physick 85 By..derivations,
as opening a vein and Ligatures to take away the flux. 1676
R. Wiseman Chirurg. Treat. 7 Derivation differs from Re-
vulsion onely in the measure of the distance, and the force
of the medicines used. 1813 J. Tomson Lect. /uflam. 185
These effects of topical blood-letting are expressed in some
of the older medical writings by the terms Derivation and
Revulsion.
+2. A passing or handing on; transmission (from
a source) ; communication. Ods.
I Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. \vi. (1611) 309 What communion
Christ hath with his Church is in him by originall derivation.
1602 Warner Ald. Eng. Epit. (1612) 387 He therefore
plotted..a deriuation to himselfe of the Kingly Diademe.
1659 Pearson Creed (1839) 196 In human generation the
son is begotten in the same nature with the father, which is
performed by derivation or decision of part of the sub-
stance of the parent. 1699 Burnet 39 Art. ix. (1700) 108
‘There is both a derivation of Righteousness, and a Com-
roa gua of Inward Holiness transferred to us through
Christ.
8. The action of drawing, obtaining, or deducing
from a source.
1660 Wittsrorp Scales Comm. 39 But suppose this pro-
portion not known, but by derivation, to be collected from
others. a1703 Burkitt On NV, 7. Matt. v. 14 Christ him-
self is the light of the world, by way of original: his
ministers are lights by way of derivation, and participation
from him, 1835 I. TAyLox Sfir. Despot. v. 214 A continued
derivation of doctrines from the Apostles. 1876 Freeman
Norm. Cong. V. xxiv. 396 There was no real derivation of
English law from Normandy.
4. Origination or coming forth from a source ;
extraction, origin, descent.
1599 Suaks. Hen. V, 11. ii. 141 As good a man as your
selfe, both in the disciplines of Warre, and the deriuation of
my Birth. 1608 — /’er. v. i. 91 My derivation was from
ancestors Who stood equivalent with mighty kings. ro |
Gate Crt. Gentiles 1. 1. ii. 14 That al Languages an
Leters had their derivation from the Hebrew. 1791 Cowrer
Iliad xx. 186 Why hast thou asked My derivation? 1805-17
R. Jameson Char. Min, (ed. 3) 123 If. -we attend to its rela-
tion with the other crystals of the same mineral, and also to
its derivation from these, it is described derivatively. 1850
Ropertson Serm. Ser. 11. iv (1872) 56 ‘The Son was—of
God’, showing his derivation. : :
5. A derived product ; a derivate, a derivative.
1641 Mitton Prel. Episc. 17 The Father is the whole
substance, but the Son a derivation, and portion of the
whole. 1669 Gate Crt, Gentiles 1.1. i. 6 Al human Arts and
Sciences are but beams and derivations from the Fountain
of Lights. a1680 Gianvitt (J.) Most of them are the
= derivations of the nypecnents a to. 1800
. Taytor in Monthly Mag. X. 410 The Nicolaitans, who
were a derivation from the Gnostics.
‘6. Gram. Formation of a word from a more
primitive word or root in the same or another
language ; origination as a derivative.
1530 Pasar. 68 Derivatyon or formation, that is to saye,
substantyves somtyme be fourmed of other substantyves.
rsgo Sir J. Smytn Dise, We s 2b, As though our
language were so barren, that it were not able of it selfe,
or by derivation to affoord convenient words. a1704 LockE
(J.), The derivation of the word Substance favours the idea
we have of it, 1823 Hone Anc. Myst, 147 Better qualified
to discover and explain the derivation and meaning
Hearne's word. 1875 Wuitney Life Lang. 87 The relics of
forgotten derivations..are scattered thickly every
part of our vocabulary. 2
b. The tracing of the origin of a word from its
‘root’ or radical elements; a statement or account
(or, improperly, a conjecture) of the origin and
formation of a word, : ;
1596 Srunser State /rel. Wks. (Globe) 6a3/2, IL knowe not
whether the woordes be English or Irish..the Irishmen can
make noe derivation nor anal of them. R. Carew
in Lett. Lit. Men(Camden) is derivation of —
names doth not please aoe feast. 1707 Curios. in Husb.
§ Gard, 10 The leatned Abbot . . will not allow these Deri-
vations to be well grounded. 1823 Scorr Peveril App. i.
DERIVATIVE.
t-note, | Stij straw] Perhaps feasible etymo-
tos of pdr oe ah er be usual seleion from stipes.
1851 Trencu Stud. Words vii. (1869) 264 Other derivations
by him are far more al than this.
7. Math. The operation of ing from any
function to any related function which may be con-
sidered or treated as its derivative ; yo the —
tion of finding the derivative or differential co-
efficient, differentiation.
1816 tr. Lacroix’s Diff. & Int. Calc. 608 We have already
determined the law of derivation in the most common func-
tions,
8. Biol. The theory of evolution of organic forms: ~
see EvoLuTion 6 c. ;
1874 J. Fiske Cosmic Philos. 1. . ix. 442 According to
the doctrine of derivation, the more complex plants and
animals are the slowly modified descend. of less pl
plants and animals, and these in turn were the slowly
ified descendants of still less complex plants and
animals, and so on until we converge to those primitive
organisms which are not definable either as animal or
as vegetal, | agli
Deriva‘tion?. Gunnery. [a. F. dérivation?
(Furetiére, 1690),n. of action from @ériver (dériver 4
in Hatzf.) to drift, found in 16-17th c. as driver,
and (according to Darmesteter Dict. Gén.) an
adoption of the Eng. vb. Drive, in its nautical
sense ‘to drift with the stream or wind’ (cf. Acts
xxvii. 15), subseq. associated and identified in form
with the pre-existing F. verb dériver to DERIVE.
In F. applied both to the drift or driving of a ship,
and (recently) to the drift or deviation of a pro-
jectile, and in the later use taken into mod.Eng.]
The deviation of a projectile from its normal
course due to its form, motion, the resistance of the
air, or wind ; sfec. the constant inclination of a
projectile to the right due to the right-hand spin
imparted by the rifling ; drift.
1875 Ure Dict. Arts 11. 386 The bullet in its improved
form .. has no tendency to the gyrations which aj to
have so puzzled French artillerists, and for which markers
invented the word ‘derivation’ and wasted much learned
disquisition. 1882-3 Cassell’s Encycl. Dict., Derivation,
the peculiar constant deviation of an elongated projectile
from a rifled gun.
Derivational (derivéi:fanal), a. [f. Dertva-
TION! +-AL.] Of, belonging to, or of the nature
of derivation.
Cc Th
1843 CAYLEY ah
of Determinants, Derivational
functions. 1873 S. Ames in Leisure Hour 495 ‘Canting
arms’ are..arms that..‘chant’..I can think no other
derivational explanation. 1880 Earte Exg. Plants Introd.
93 Weigand treats the termination. .as derivational. p
Hence Deriva‘tionally adv., as regards deri-
vation.
1883 E. C. Crark Pract. Yurispr. 45 Derivationally, then,
it [9€u1s] means that which is appointed or ordained.
Derivationist (derive!-fanist). ‘[f. as prec. +
-1st.] 1. Biol. One who holds the theory of deri-
vation or evolution of organic types. 2. One who
occupies himself with the derivation of words.
1875 Dawson Nature § Bible 134 The derivationist tries to
break down the line between —_ and varieties. 1888 —
Geol. Hist. Plants 266 Allied forms, some at least of which
a derivationist might claim as modified descendants. 289
Arxinson Moorland Par. 242 The amateur derivationists
of place names.
Derivatist (diivatist), sd [f Demivare
ppl. a. eg =prec.1. Also attrib. or as adj.
1887 E. D. Corr rar Fittest vi. 215 The doctrine of
evolution of organic types is sometimes appropriately called
the doctrine of derivation, its supp S, derivatists.
/bid., To accept the derivatist doctrine, and to reject the
creational. :
Derivative (diri-vitiv), a. and sb. [a. F. dé-
rivatif, -ive (15th c. in Hatzf.), ad. L. dértvatio-us
(Priscian), f. ppl. stem of dérfvare: see -1VE.]
A. adj. +1. Characterized by transmission, or
passing from one to another, Ods.
1637 ee Star-Chamb, 14
he
b. Afed. Producing derivation ;
TION! Ic. an
1851-60 Mayne Exp, Lex., Derivative, having power to
en aside,, or convert, as it were, rom one disease to
another}; applied to certain medicines which seem oat in
this manner, as blisters, rubefacients, ¢ Ww.
B, Hunrer in Encyct. Brit. X11. 544 ( ) It is
stimulative, derivative, depurative, sui
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Derivative Seeding, aterm to
that method of tre: of a di bleeding when the
blood is removed from a part of the far away from the
seat of the disease, as in toe in
affections.
2. Of derived character or nature ; characterized
by being derived, drawn, obtained,or deduced from
another ; coming or emanating from a source.
1530 Patscr. 31 a tag deriuatif, 1370 Dex Math.
Prd in Rudd Buclid 1) “ib, The. .use of e 3
depending ve
Payaus Anti-Armin, 133 t must be either an aoquisite,
Soar Tenn. so Nee an let loteaace P
isc. (1707) IV. 52
ign Ses sie No ge r7 ey canon, ein
DERIVATIVE.
Parl. Ref. Catech. (1818) 18 The distinction between a self-
formed and a derivative judgment. 1866 ArcyLi Reign
Law ii. (ed. 4) 64 The secondary or derivative senses of the
word have supplanted the primary signification. 1883 Syd.
Soc. Lex. Derivative circulation, term applied to the
direct communication which exists between arteries and
veins in some parts of the body, so that all the blood does
not necessarily pass through the capillaries of these parts.
b. Deriving authority, etc. from another.
1845 STterHEN Laws Lng. I. 67 The courts of the arch-
bishops and bishops and their derivative officers.
e@. Gram. Formed from another word; not
primitive.
1530 Patscr. 79 The pronownes derivatyves have thre
accidentes, 1 Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) 1. 55
A derivative word is that which may be reduced to another
word in English of greater simplicity. 1856 R. A. Vaucuan
Mystics (1860) I. 18 To have a distinction in the primitive
and not in the derivative word is always confusing.
d. Law. (See quots.)
1792 CuirpMan Amer. Law Rep. (1871) 21 The title of S.
being void, the subsequent or derivative titles must likewise
be void. 1848 Wuarton Law Lex., Derivative Convey-
ances, Secondary deeds which presuppose some other con-
veyance primary or precedent, and only serve to enlarge,
confirm, alter, restrain, restore, or transfer the interest
granted by such original conveyance. ‘They are releases,
confirmations, surrenders, assignments, and defeasanses.
1871 Marxsy Llem, Law § 350 Derivative possession is the
possession which one person has of the property of another.
1892 Law Times XCIII. 458/2 The plaintiff was a deriva-
tive mortgagee, being a mortgagee of one A, E. P——, who
was a mortgagee of the defendant.
3. Of or pertaining to a theory of derivation ;
derivational.
1871 Darwin Desc. Man 1. iii.97 Philosophers of the deriva-
tive school of morals formerly assumed that the foundation
of morality lay in a form of selfishness; but more recently
in the ‘Greatest Happiness’ principle.
1. A thing of derived character; a thing flow-
ing, proceeding, or originating from another.
1593 Nasue Christ's T. 81b, The third deriuatiue of
Delicacie, is slotfi. 61x Suaxs. Wint. 7. 1. ii. 45 Honor,
’Tis a deriuatiue from me to mine, And onely that I stand
for. 1625 Darcie Annales P vb, Vnskilfulnesse and her
deriuatiues, Doubt and Falsity. 1665 Sir T., Hersert 7'rav.
(1677) 103 The Arabick.. Howbeit, ‘tis no original, but
a derivative from the Hebrew. 1774 J. Bryant AZythol. 1.
52 Subordinate demons, which they supposed to be emana-
tions and derivatives from their chief Deity. 1865 MozLry
Mirac. v.98 Testimony is thus reduced to a mere derivative
of experience.
2. Gram. A word derived from another by some
process of word-formation ; any word which is not
a primitive word or root.
I Patscr. 74 Of pronownes some be primitives, some
be derivatives. 1612 Brinstry Lud. Lit, xxi. (1627) 24
Some marke would be given under every derivative in eac
roote. @1637 B. Jonson Eng. Gram. Wks. (Rtldg.) 768/2
In derivatives, or compounds of the sharp ¢ .. as agreeing,
of agree. 1755 JoHNSON Pref to Dict. $20 The derivatives
have referred to their primitives, with an accuracy some-
times needless. 1862 Burton Bk. Hunter (1863) 2 The use
of a Greek derivative gives notice that you are scientific.
1868 GLapstone Fuv. Mundi ii. (1870) 55 When we turn
from Argos to its derivative Argeioi we find [etc.].
3. Math. A function derived from another ; sfec.
a differential coefficient.
1674 JEAKE Avith. (1696) 456 Derivatives of the third Sort
+.are next to be exhibited. 1846 Caytey Wks. I. 95 The
derivative of any number of the derivatives of one or more
functions .. is itself a derivative of the original functions.
1881 Maxwe tt L/ectr. §& Magn. 1.8 The first derivatives of
a continuous function may be discontinuous.
4. Mus. a. A chord derived from a fundamental
chord, esf. by inversion. b. ‘The actual or sup-
posed root or generator, from the harmonics of
which a chord is derived’ (Stainer & Barrett Dict.
Mus. Terms).
1828 Wesster, Derivative. .In music, a,chord not funda-
mental, 1872 Banister Music xi. (1877) 45 These chords,
with their mutations or inflexions, their inversions and
their derivatives. .are all the chords used in music.
5. Chem. A compound obtained from another,
e.g. by partial replacement.
1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem, I. 46 Amic acids .. can de-
com} either as hydrates (derivatives of water), or as
amides (derivatives of ammonia). 1869 Puitiirs Vesuvius
v. 152 Ferric oxide has been of late regarded as a derivative
from ferric chloride. 1880 Act. 43-4 Vict. c. 24 § 130 The
use of methylated spirits, or any derivative thereof, in the
preparation of. .chloroform.
6. Med. A method or agent that produces DE-
RIVATION (q.v., I c).
1843 Rep. Brit. Assoc. 78 He had .. found it useful as
a derivative, removing, when worn on the head, obstinate
chronic ophthalmia. 1858 Coptanp Dict. Pract. Med. 111.
1, 1170 External derivatives and exutories have been ad-
vised for phthisis. ;
Deri-vatively, adv. [f. prec. + -ty2.] In
a derivative manner ; by derivation.
c1630 Rispon Surv. Devon § 145 (1810) 163 Derivativel
from Bim isthisgame. 1768-74 Tucker Li, Nat. (x852) Il,
252 Fundamentals are of two sorts; those essentially such..
and those derivatively fundamentals. 1837 Sir F. PALGRAVE
Merch. & Friar Ded. (1844) 13 Thence it was acquired,
either primarily or derivatively, by the Chinese.
Deri-vativeriess. rare. [f. as prec. + -NESS.]
The state or quality of being derivative.
.1668 Witkins Real Char. i. i. § 4. 35. Transcendental
Ponies of Quality at large ..Derivativeness, 1847 in
RAIG.
byndyng & pemes
- toy mynystres
229
+ Derivator. Ods. rare—'. [agent-n. from L.
dérivare to DERIVE.] = DERIVER. :
1652 GauLE Magastrom. 14 It may sound and signifie well,
or ill; as the derivator pleases to fancy, or labours to allude.
Derive (diraiv), v. Forms: 5 dir-, di-, dy-
ryve, 5-6 deryve,6-ryfe. [a. F. dérive-r (12th
c. in Littré=Pr., Sp. derivar, It. derivare), ad. L.
dérivare to lead or draw off (water or liquid), to
divert, derive (words), f. Dr- I. 2+7ivus brook,
stream of water.
There are 4 distinct verbs dériver in French. One of
these, dériver?, OF. desriver, to cause to overflow its banks,
f. rive, L. vipa river-bank, possibly sometimes influenced
earlier Eng. use (cf. senses 1 band cc), Dériver® to drift or
drive, as a ship, with wind or current, to drift as a projectile
(for earlier driver, from Eng. drive), has given Derivation 2,
Derivometer. Dériver 4, to unrivet, is not represented in
English.)]
I. Transitive senses.
+ 1. To conduct (a stream of water or other fluid)
Jrom a source, reservoir, main stream, etc. /o or
zzto a channel, place, or destination; to lead,
draw, convey down a course or through a channel.
Obs. or arch.
1483 Cath. Angl. 96 To deryue, derinare. 1530 PALsGR.
513/1, I deryve, or bringe one thynge out of another, as
water is brought whan it is brought from the spring, ze
derive. 1538 LeLanp /tix. V. 92 The Pittes be so set abowte
with Canales that the Salte Water is facily derivid to every
Mannes Howse. 1555 WATREMAN Fardle Hacions Pref. 10
From them [springes] thei deriued into cities and Tounes,
the pure freshe waters a greate distaunce of. 1571 DiGcrs
Pantom, 1, xvii. F, Ye may cSnclude that this water may be
deriued thither. 1606 N. Baxter Max Created in Farr
S. P. Fas. [ (1848) 238 And so through conduits, secretly
contriu’d, Is blood to euerie humane part deriu’d. 1632
SanvERSON Sev. I. 24 Little trenches, whereby .. hus-
bandmen used to derive water from some fountain or cistern
to the several parts of their gardens. 1696 Br. Patrick
Comm. Exod. vii. (1697) 122 Water..derived by Pipes from
the River into Cisterns. 1805 W. Saunpers A/in. Waters 197
Mineral springs... Externally used, either by immersing thie
whole body, or by deriving a stream to some particular part.
+ b. with various constructions, and adverbial extensions.
1548 R. Hutren Sum of Diuinitie LL viijb, Thy foun-
taynes shall be deriued, & the ryuers shall runne into the
streetes. 1594 2ud Rep. Dr. Faustusin Thoms Prose Rone,
(1858) III. 334 Danuby is derived in two arms, which. .meet
at lengthagain in the same channel. 1633 Br. Hatt //ard
Texts, N. T. 411 Cyrus .. drained the channell of Eu-
phrates and derived the streames the other way. 1650 Futter
Pisgah w. iii. 48 ‘Vhe pillar conducting them such by-ways,
in levels or declivity of vales .. where the water had a con-
veniency to be derived after them. @1723 Str C. Wren in
L. Phillimore Mamzily §& Times (1881) App. iii. 343 They de-
riv’d the River when it rose, all over the Flat of the Delta.
1800 EF. Darwin Phytologia 417 In some parts .. where rice
is cultivated, they are said not to derive the water on it, till
it is in flower. toe
+e. refl. To flow (én, zxto, through channels).
(Chiefly fig.) Ods.
1624 Donne Sev. cxiii. IV. 576 From all Eternity he de-
rived himself into 3 Persons. a@ 1652 J. Smitu Sed, Disc. 1x.
iv. (1821) 430 When God made the world, he did not .. leave
it alone to subsist by itself .. but he derived himself through
the whole creation. @ 1661 Futter Worthies (1840) I11. 120
The stream of her charity .. found other channels therein to
derive itself.
+2. To cause (water, etc.) to flow away; to
draw off, carry off, divert the course of; sfec. in
Med., cf. DERIVATION 1c. Obs.
1598 Stow Sz7v. vii. (1603) 29 Intending to haue deriued
the riuer of Thames. .to haue flowed about it. 1601 Hottanp
Pliny 1. 544 To water them, or to deriue & diuert water
from them. /d/d. II. 469 To lade out the water that riseth
vpon the workemen, for feare it choke vp the pits; for to
preuent which inconuenience, they deriue it by other drains.
1656 Rinciey Pract. Physick 17 The matter must be de-
rived and voided from the head. 1692 Ray Dissol. World
iii. (1732) 37 Water the which to derive and rid away. 1771
T. Percivat £ss. Med. Exper. (1777) I. 220 They derive
the febrile matter from the brain, and assist..the other dis-
charges.
< 3. To carry, lead, extend (a watercourse,
canal, or channel of any kind). Ods.
¢ 1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist.(Camden 1844) IL. 20 After-
ward, deriving a trenche from fort to fort, he environed the
towne, and .. beganne to annoy the same. 1600 J. Pory tr.
Leo's Africa u. 113 So soone as the said water-conduct was
derived unto the towne, he caused it to be divided, and
sent into sundry places. 1623 BincHam Xenophon 16 Media,
where.the Channels begin, that are deriued out of the Riuer
Tygris. 1777 Watson Philip IT (1793) Il. xi. 133 From
this stream. .an infinity of canals are derived.
+b. To extend by branches or ramifications ; to
divide by branching. Z¢. and fig.
¢1597 Harincton in Nuge Antig. (1804) I. 188 It may be
derived into three kyndes. a 1631 Donne Serm. c. 1V. 322
Rooted in some one beloved Sin but derived into infinite
branches of temptation. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef.
ut. xxv. 174 At the other end, by two branches [it] deriveth
it selfe into the Lunges. 1 Hare Prim. Orig. Man, 1.
ii. 65 Other ramifications of this xervus intercostalis are
derived into the Chest and Diaphragma. [Cf. 1760 in 4.]
+4. transf. and fig. To convey from one (treated
as a source) to another, as by transmission, descent,
etc. ; to transmit, impart, communicate, pass on,
hand on. Const. 40, cto, wnto, rarely upon the
recipient. Ods. or arch. (rare after 1750).
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 226 This power, of
synne, is deriuyed from the ay les
Cgristes chirche. 1547 Hoorrer Declar.
2
DERIVE,
Christ i. Wks. (Parker Soc.) 15 ‘Uhe sin of Adam .. was de-
rived into all his posterity. 1564 Brief Exam. B iv, The
maner of prophesying .. was deryued out of the Sinagoges,
into our Churches. 1593 Bitson Govt, Christ’s Ch. 6 From
him God lineally derived it unto Abraham. 1607 DEKKER
Hist. Sir T. Wyatt Wks. 1873 111. 83, I will Deriue the
Crowne ynto your Daughters head. 1647 CLARENDON
Hist. Reb, v. (1702) 1. 549 His Name would be derived to
Posterity, as the Preserver of his Country. 1651-3 Jer.
‘Taytor Serm. for Year Ep, Ded., That this Book is derived
upon your Lordship almost in the nature of a legacy from
her. @ 1661 Futter IWorthies (1840) I. 208 Parents... rich
enough to derive unto him the hereditary infirmity of the
gout. 1681-6 J. Scorr Chr. Life (1747) IL]. 124 Jesus ..
when he ascended .. derived that divine Spirit upon his
Apostles. 1699 BurRNET 39 rt. xxxii. (1700) 356 ‘The High-
Priest .. was to marry, and he derived to his descendents
that Sacred Office. 1760 Law Sfir. Prayer 1. 38 The life
of the vine must be really derived into the branches. 1835
Paut Antig. Greece 1. u. xi. § 2 A festival first instituted at
Athens, and from thence derived to the rest of the Ionians.
1848 Hamppen Bawifpt. Lect. (ed. 3) 184 The definition of
Predestination, as given in the Scholastic writers, and from
them derived to modern ‘Theology.
+b. To hand down (esp. by descent’. Obs.
1561 Norton & Sack. Gorboduc 86 What their fathers ..
Have with great fame derived down to them. a 1646 J.
Grecory 7errestrial Globe (1650) 268 The Turkish Histories
are not so completely derived down to us as to Describe the
‘Territories by Longitude or Latitude. 1681-6 J. Scorr Chr.
Life(1747) UI. 402 Another evident Instance of the Apostles
deriving down their Apostolick Authority. 1828 SoutHEy
in Q. Rev. XX XVII. 208 The hatred of popery..which has
.. been derived down from father to son.
+e. vefl. To pass by descent or transmission.
1597 Suaks. 2 //en. IV, 1. v. 43 This Imperiall Crowne,
Which (as immediate from thy Place and Blood) Deriues it
selfe tome. 1654 tr. Scadery’s Curia Pol. 126 Which Con-
ditions did not (with his succession) derive themselves on
me. 1655 Futter Ch. Hist. vu. i. § 35 The Womens dis-
cords derived themselves into their bands hearts.
J. Puiurs Zavernier’s Trav, sia Vv. iv. 206 ‘The
jealousie of the Kings of Persia .. derives itself to all his
Subjects, who will not permit their women to be seen.
+5. trans. To cause to come; to draw, bring,
turn, direct; to bring down. Odés.
a. Const. 70, unto, into.
1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden 1846) I. 102
Then Honorius, retaininge the Brittishe armie, did againe
derive and traine the Ilande to the empire. 1601 SHaAks.
All’s Well v. iii. 265 ‘Things which would deriue me ill
will to speake of. 1613 — /fen. V///, 1. iv. 32 What
Friend of mine That had to him deriu’d your Anger, did
I Continue in my Liking. 1647 CLarenvon //ist. Red. iv.
(1702) I. 270 Men... looked upon him, as one, who could
derive the King’s Pleasure to them. 1678 Howprs Decam.
vii. 75 The force of the Sun-beams is derived almost to a
point by a Burning-glass. 1772 FLetcner Appeal Wks.
1795 I. 76 Those who derive putrefaction into their bones,
for the momentary gratification of a shameful appetite. 1774
T. Jerrerson Autodiog. App. Wks. 1859 I. 144 ‘To undergo
the great inconvenience that will be derived to them from
stopping all imports whatever from Great Britain.
b. Const. 07, pon.
1611 Speen //ist. Gt, Brit. 1x. xvi. (1632) 852 Hereby he
deriued vpon his enemy all the enuie of the people. 1671
. Davies Svéyd/s 11. ii. 87 The first Persecution was raised
by Nero, to derive upon the innocent Christians the Indig-
nation of the Romanes. 170§ Stannore /’arafhr. IIL. 65
Such Apostacy derives a double Dishonour upon Religion.
1741 RicHarpson /’amela (1824) I. ix. 245 Such an example,
as will derive upon you the ill-will and censure of other
ladies. . 1808 W.'T'aytor in Monthly Mag. XXVI. 224 They
would derive on themselves a solid glory.
6. To draw, fetch, get, gain, obtain (a thing from
a source). Const. from, rarely + ovt of.
1g61 ‘I. Hosy tr. Castiglione’s Courtyer (1577) Ev b,
Deriuing them [newe wordes] featly from the Latins, as
y° Latins, in old time, deriued from the Grecians. 1582
Pertige Guazzo's Civ. Conv. Pref. (1586) A vij, If one
chance to derive anie word from the Latine, which is insolent
to their eares .. they forthwith make a jest at it, and terme
it an Inkhorne terme. 1596 SHaxs. Merch. V. 11. ix. 42
O that estates, degrees, and offices, Were not deriu’d cor-
ruptly. 1598 B. Jonson £v. Man. in Hune. 1. v, Honour-
able worship, let me deriue a small piece of siluer from you.
1665 Sir T. Hersert 7vav. (1677) 140 The Romans .. led
Horses in honour of the Sun, a custome derived from the
Persians. 1667 Mitton P. L, 1x. 837 Sciential sap, deriv’d
From Nectar, drink of Gods. 1751 Harris Hermes Wks.
(1841) 234 If all minds have them [their ideas] derived, they
must be derived from something, which is itself not mind.
1781 Gipson Decl. § J. II. 32 The power of the prefect
of Italy was not confined to the country from whence he de-
rived his title. 1822 B. Cornwaty Misc. Poems, Headland
Bay Panama, And Cheops hath derived eternal fame Be-
cause he made his tomb a place of pride. 1856 FroupE //is¢.
Eng. (1858) I. iii. 219 The archbishop . . derived no personal
advantage from his courts. 1878 Huxtey Physiogr. 181 The
solid matter derived from the waste of the land.
b. Const. with from and to. rare.
177% Gotpsm. Hist. Eng. 1. 204 A king, from the weak-
ness of whose title they might derive power to themselves.
1785 Parry Mor. Philos. oy Il. 404 The chief advan-
tage which can be derived to population from the inter-
ference of law. 1844 Lincarp Anglo-Sax. Ch. (1858) I v.
191 From his labours, the most valuable benefits were derived
to his countrymen. Ae :
e. To derive (ancestry, origin, pedigree, etc.) ;
also rel.
1599 H. Burres Dyets drie Dinner B viij, For Malum (an
one deriveth his line of Ancestry from the Greeke Melon,
of great antiquity. 1612 Drayton Poly-olb. xi. Notes
183 Prester John, sometimes deriuing himselfe very neere
from the loines of Salomon, 1634 Sir T. Hersert 77av.
zo The Mountaines of the Moone .. whence seven-mouthed
Nyle, derives his Origen. 1662 Evetyn Chalcogr. 11 Scul
ture may derive its Pedegree from the infancy of the World.
DERIVE.
d. adsol. or intr.
1632 Quartes Div. Fancies Ded., That like the painful
Bee, I may derive From sundry Flow’rs to store my slender
Hive, 1649 in Def Rights Univ. Oxford (1690) 25 Erected
by the city and those who derive from their title. 1796
Burke Let. Noble Ld. Wks. VII. 39 The grantee whom
he derives from.
e. Chem. To obtain (a compound) from another,
as by partial replacement.
1868 Watts Dict. Chem. V. 554 This aye gow eed derived
from ethylsulphurous acid by substitution of Cl for HO._
7. To obtain by some process of reasoning, in-
ference or deduction ; to gather, deduce.
1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. 75 Loke what ye saye; loke it
be deryfyde Frome perfyt reason well exemplyfyde. 1624
N. De Lawne Du Moulin's Logik 89 Rules to live well,
derived from nature. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. u. xiv. § 4
Men derive their ideas of duration from their reflections on
the train of the ideas they observe to succeed one another
in their own understandings. 1752 Jouxson Rambler No.
203 P 7 In age, we derive little from retrospect but hopeless
sorrow. 1874 Green Short Hist. vii. $7. 426 It is difficult
..to derive any knowledge of Shakspere’s inner history from
the Sonnets. 1875 Jowett Pato (ed. 2) 1V. 269 The higher
truths of philosophy and religion .. are derived from ex-
perience. ; : ;
8. ref. To arise, spring, come from something
as its source; to take its origin from.
1662 STILLINGFL. Orig. Sacr. u. ti. § 9 Sem from whom he
derived himself, was one of the persons who escaped it in
the Ark. 1665 Sir T. Hersert 7raz, (1677) 127 Sheraz then
robably derives it self from Sherab, which in the Persian
longue signifies a Grape. 1690 Locxe Hum. Und. u. i. § 2
Experience ; in that all our Knowledge is founded, and from
that it ultimately derives itself. 1734 tr. Rodlin's Anc. Hist.
(1827) I. 115 Hence comedy derives itself. 1833 Lamp Elia
Ser. 11. xxiv. (1865) 404 If the abstinence from evil .. is to
derive itself from no higher principle.
9. passive. To be drawn or descended ; to take
its origin or source ; to spring, come from (rarely
t of, + out of).
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Ant.'s 7, 2180 (Ellesm. & Camb. MSS.)
Conuertynge al vn to his propre welle ffrom which it is
dirryued sooth to telle. 1530 Patscr. 513/1 His lynage is
deryved out of the house of Melysyn. 1610 Guittim
Heraldry it, vi. (1611) 58 A Couple-close is a subordinate
charge deriued from a cheuron. 1701 De For Free-born
éeng. 11 A Race uncertain and unev'n, Deriv'd from all the
Nations under Heav'n. 1737 Wuiston Josephus’ Antig.
xu. xiii, § 5 They also Fevilet hin, as derived from a captive.
1892 Garpiner Student's Hist, Eng. 6 No European popu-
lation now existing which is not derived from many races.
b. spec. Of a word: To arise or be formed by
some process of word-formation from (some more
primitive or earlier word).
1567 Marcer Gr. Forest 60 Arundo, sayth he, is deriued out
of the Adiectiue Aridum, for that it so spedily drieth and
withereth. 1596 Spenser State /red. Wks. (Globe) 639/2
Stirrops. . being derived of the old English woord s/y, which
is, to gett up. 1676 Port Royal Art of Speaking 11 From
one single Word many others are derived, as is obvious in
the Dictionaries of such Languages as we know. 1751
Westey Ji’ks, (1872) XIV. 48 A Participle is an Adjective
derived of a Verb. 1791 Gentl. Mag. 27/1 The word
Tontine is only a cant word, derived from the name of an
Italian projector. 1881 Skeat Etym. Dict. 150/2 From this
O.F. dars is also derived the Breton darz, a dace.
10. ¢vans. To trace or show the derivation,
origin, or pedigree of ; to show (a thing) to pro-
ceed, issue, or come /vom ; to trace the origination of
(anything) from its source; also, more loosely, to
declare, assert, or state a thing to be derived from.
1600 E. Biount tr, Conestaggio 4 Some derive the originall
of this Count Henrie from Hungarie, others from Aragon
and from other places. 1604 Meeting of Gallants 4 Bastar
«.Thou knowest I can deriue thee, 1646 Sir T. Browne
Psend. Ep. vi. ix. 321 The observations of Albuquerque. .de-
rive this rednesse from the colour of the sand and argillous
earth at the bottome. 1662 StiLuincFL. Orig. Sacr. ut. iv.
§ 13 Prometheus (from whom the Greeks derived themselves’.
1683 Brit. Spec. 38 From whence Sir Edward Cook derives
the Law of En asd at this day for burning those Women
who kill their Hiabands, 1749 Fietpinc Tom Younes xvi.
vii, An action which malice itself could not have derived
from an evil motive. 1874 Dawson Nature § Bible 202
These men derive all religion from myths.
b. sfec. To trace the origin of (a word) from
(+20) its etymological source ; to establish or show
the derivation of ; also, less correctly, to offer a
conjectural derivation for (a word).
1559 W. Cunnincuam Cosmogr. Glasse 186 Africa. . Festus
saith it came of the qualitie of th’ Aere .. deriving it of
pixyn, as who should say, ’Adpexy that is, without horrour
of coldenes, 1680 H. Dopweut. Two Lett. Advice (1691)
207 This..way of deriving unknown words to their primi-
tive Originals. 1755 Jounson Pref. to Dict. § 25 That
etymologist..who can seriously derive dream from drama,
because life is a drama, and a drama is a dream. 1851
Trencu Stud. Words vii, (ed, 13) 264 He derives the name
of the peacock from the peak or tuft of pointed feathers on
its h 1884 NV. § QO. bh Ser. 1X. 207, I should be much
obliged if any of your readers could bre arm in deriving the
hame of the village of Allonby, in Cumberland.
II. Intransitive senses (arising out of reflexive
uses in I.),
11. To flow, spring, issue, emanate, come, arise,
originate, have its derivation from, rarely out of
(a source), :
¢1386 Cuaucer Knt.'s 7. 2148 (Ellesm. MS.) Wel ney
men knowe but it be a fool ‘hat euery part dirryue’
from his hool. 1634-5 Brereton 7vav. (1844) 65 A mighty
revenue derives out of the excise paid for beer and
wine. 1649 Bounds Publ. Obed, (1650) 17 We all derive
230
from him. 1684 Scanderbeg Rediv. i. 3 To understand
the Family he derives from. 1706 De For ure Div. v. 11
The Right to rule derives from those that gave, And no
Men can convey more Power than that they have. 1768-74
‘Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I]. 12 ney which does not
derive from any single source. omg. Aen Wks, (1859)
1. 54/2 In the third class, nobility derives from the person,
and not from the estate, 1850 Tennyson /x Memt. Lv. 3.
1863 KincLake Crimea 11.74 There was an authority not
deriving from the Queen or the Parliament.
12. To proceed, descend, pass on, come (40 a
receiver, receptacle, etc.).
1559 Morwync Evonym. Pref., The study of this Art. .de-
rived unto the Romains and Grekes somewhat late. 1647
Jer. Taytor Lib. Proph. xv. 212 If the Church meddles
with them when they doe not derive into ill life. safe
Strantey Hist. Philos. 1.1, 1 Thales..Who first intr "d
Naturall and Mathematicall Learning into Greece, from
whence it derived into us. 1768 Woman of Honor lil. 130
All that is the most excellent, in our .. laws, derives to us
from those very..savages. 1858 M. Parrison £ss. (1889) II.
16 Puritanism. .derives to this country directly from Geneva.
13. Of a word: To originate, come as a derivative
(/rom its root or primitive).
1794 Mrs. Piozzi Synon. I. go Indignant meantime de-
rives from a higher stock. 1804 W. Taytor in Aun. Rev.
II. 632 Upholsterer is declared against as a corruption.
Whence does it derive? 1866 J. B. Rose Virg. Ecl. &
Georg. 154 The words Comus and Encomium derive thence.
Hence Deri'ving w/. sd.
1607 Hirron IVs. 1. 420 Whosoeuer is a man by the
propagation of Adams nature, the same is also a sinner by
the deriuing ouer of his corruption. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 176
(R.) For our experiments are onely such as do ever ascend
a degree to the deriving of causes and extracting of axiomes.
Derived (dirai‘vd), ppl. a. [f. Derive v. +
-ED!.] Drawn, obtained, descended, or deduced
from a source: see the verb.
1 Snaks. Mids. N. 1. i. 99, 1am my Lord, as well de-
riu'd as he, As well possest. 1638 Heywoop lise Woman
ut, Wks. 1874 V. 313 A gentleman, and well deriv’d. 166
Boye Style of Script. (1675) 157 Words and phrases, whose
pithyness and copiousness, none in derived. .languages can
match. 1668 Wickins Xeal Char. 353 Derived Adverbs are
capable of Inflexion by degrees of Comparison. 1881 Nature
No. 615. 352 The derived albumins noted as acid-albumins.
b. Derived function | Math.) : a differential co-
efficient (see COEFFICIENT 2 C).
1873 B. Witttamson Diff. Calc. (ed. 2) i. § 6 note, The
method of derived functions was introduced by Lagrange.
e@. Derived circuit, current (Llectr.) + a circuit
or current in part of which a second conductor is
introduced so as to produce a derivation; a shunt ;
so derived conductor.
1882 Syd. Soc. Lex. s.v. Current, Derived current, the
current obtained in a circuit made by the addition of a
second conducting wire. 1893 A/unro & Jamieson's Pocket
Bk, Electr. Form. (ed. 9) (Currents and Derived Circuits)
A current splits among dated circuits in proportion to their
conductivities.
Derivedly (d/rai-véedli), adv. [f. prec. + -Ly 2.]
In a derived way, by derivation.
1621 ArcuBo..p Beauty Holiness 8 Men are holy derivedly,
and by participation from God. a 1641 Br. Mountacu Acts
§ Mon. (1642) 54 By nature, derivedly from Adam.
+Derivvement. Ods. rare. [f. DERIVE v. +
-MENT.] The fact of deriving ; derivation ; concr.
that which is derived.
1593 Bison Govt. Christ’s Ch. Pref. 6 Much lesse anie
deriuement from them, 1654 W. Mountacue Devout Ess.
1. iv. § 4. 77, I offer these derivements from these subjects,
to raise our affections upward.
Deriver (d/rai-va1), [f. Derive v.+-ER!.] One
that derives,
1613 T. Mutes 7rvas. Anc. & Mod. Times 21/2 The
Children that came from Parents of such rich perfection. .
must needs resemble their first Derivers, 1 ASHWELL
Fides Afost. 197 Such a Conveyance will argue the
Church only for the Deriver..not the Originall Composer of
the Creed. ax7x6 Sourn Serm. Il. vi. (R.), Not only
a partner of other men’s sins, but also a deriver of the whole
entire guilt of them to himself.
+ Derivo‘meter. Os. [a. F. d&rivometre, f.
adériver to drift (see DERIVATION “) + -(0)METER. ]
An instrument invented to show a ship’s lee-way.
1842 Mech. Mag. XX XVII. 84 Another invention of M.
Clement's, which he calls a Derivometer, is an instrument
to ascertain a ship’s leeway. . When at anchor, the instrument
will show clearly the direction of the currents.
Derk(e, -ly, etc., obs. ff. DARK, -LY, etc.
Derling, -lyng, obs. forms of Darina.
Derm (dim). Avat. [mod. f. Gr. 5éppa skin:
ef. F, derme (1611 Cotgr.), mod.L. derma (Paré
¢1550).] The layer of tissue (chiefly connective
tissue) lying beneath the epidermis, and forming
the general integument of the organs; the true
skin or corium. rep F
1835-6 Topp Cyci. Anat. I. 589/2 The derm or corium. .
white, pruece ch the other hed of the skin, 1861 Hutme
tr. Moguin-Tandon 11. Vi. i, 317 The vesicle is beneath the
derm or cutis, 1880 Orp & Sewett in Aled. Chirurg. Trans.
LXIII. 4 Projections of the derm into the epidermis, having
the appearance of distorted papilla.
b. Comb. derm-skeleton ; see DERMOSKELETON.
|| Derma (ds-ma). Anat, [mod.L. : see prec.]
= prec.
ae in ne Kersey). 1
poe pon ns a
two parts ; bag ‘pa
tees Parrzsson ‘ool, 42 The word
‘derma’, a coat or covering. 1875 H. \VaLton Dis. Zye 137
~
DERMAT-.
A little slough or core of mortified cutaneous tissue, portion
of the substance of the derma. e
Dermad (dsmad), adv. [f. Gr. d5épya skin +
-ad suffix applied in the sense ‘toward’, ‘-ward’.]
Toward the skin or outer integument.
1803 in Dr. J. Barctay New Anatomical Nomencl.
i 9 Mayne £-xfos. Lex., Dermad .. towards the skin.
Syd. Soc. Lex., Dermad, an adverbial term appli
by Dr. Barclay to signify towards the Dermal aspect.
De. bad form of DERMo-,
Dermal (dd-umil), z. [f. Derm, Derma +-aL.
(Not on Gr. analogies : the Gr, adj. is depparexds.)]
1. Anat, Pertaining to the skin or outer integu-
ment in general; cutaneous. Rarely in restricted
sense, Pertaining to the derma or true skin, as
opposed to epidermal.
Dermal lesa or one
attached to or acting upon the skin: dermal skeleton =
DERMO-SKELETON.
1803 in Dr. J. Barctay New Anatomical Nomencl.
1828 in Wesster. 1841 G. Piccner in Dufton Deafness 31
The dermal membrane of the meatus auditorius. 1861 J. Rm
ce 1
Greene J/an, Anim. Kingd., Calent. 136 Aninner or dermal _
layer in immediate contact with the m su
1872 Darwin Emotions iv. 95 Hairs, feathers, and other
dermal appendages. 1875 ah C. Woop Therap. (1879) 164
Producing intense dermal irritation. 1878 Brut tr. Gegen-
baur's Comp. Anat. 493 The dermal muscles are of great
functional importance in the Ophidii, as they produce a
movement of the scales, which is use in locomotion.
Jbid., The dermal musculature is more highly developed
in the Mammalia.
2. Bot. Of or belonging to the epidermis, epi-
dermal.
1874 Cooke Fungi 19 The dermal membrane, or outer
skin. 1884 Bower & Scorr De Bary's Phaner. 135 Bodies
of a nature similar to the secretions of the dermal glands...
such as mucilage, and gum, resin, ethereal oils.
Derma'lgia. /ath.=DrERMATALGIA,
1842 BraitHwalte Retrospect Med. V. 104 Dermalgia of
the skin of the pelvis. 1866 A. Fiint Princ. Med. (1880) 803
Neuralgia. .limited to the skin. .has been called dermalgia.
+Derma:logy. Ods.= DERMATOLOGY.
1819 in Pantologia.
Dermaneural, bad form of DERMo-.
|| Dermaptera (doimz'ptéra), sb. pl. Entom.
[mod. f. Gr. 5€ppa skin, hide, leather + wrepdév
wing; in mod.F. dermaptire: cf. Gr. deppomrepos
having membranous wings. ]
An order of orthopterous insects, ——— the
Earwigs. Hence Derma‘pteran a., belonging to
the Dermaptera; sd. one of the Dermaptera ; Der-
ma‘pterous a., belonging to the Dermaptera.
1835 Kirsy //aéd. & /nst. Anim. 11, xx. 318 The
(Earvigs) have two elytra and two wings of membran
olded longitudinally. 1839 Westwoop Afod. Classi/.
Jnsects 406 Raised them to the rank of a distinct order to
which the name of Dermaftera was misapplied.
De'rmat-, de‘rmato-, combining stem of Gr.
5éppya, 5€ppar- skin, hide, leather (e.g. Gr. tepparo-
opos clothed in skins) entering into numerous
technical terms, as ||Dermata‘lgia /ath., neuralgia
or pain of the skin. De'rmatin J/7., a variety
of Lodrophise, forming an olive- crust on
serpentine (1832 Shepherd A/in, 214), Dermatine
(daamatin), a. [Gr. deppdrivos of skin, leathern],
= DERMATIC (Cs 1847). Dermatine s/., name
of an artificial substitute for leather, gutta-percha,
etc. || Dermatitis, inflammation of the skin.
Dermatobra‘nchia: see DERMO-. De'rmatogen
Bot. (-GeN 1], the primordial cellular layer in the
embryo plant, from which the epidermis is deve-
po Dermato'graphy [-GRraPHy], description
of the skin. Dermatol Chem. (see quot.). Der-
mato'logy [-LoGy], the branch of science which
treats of the skin, its nature, qualities, diseases,
etc. ; hence Dermatological a., Dermato‘logist.
|| Dermato‘lysis [Avors loosening}, a relaxed and
pendulous condition of the skin in the face, abdo-
men, etc. || Dermatomyco'sis [pv«ns fungus +
-o8I8], skin-disease caused by a vegetable parasite,
such as ringworm. || Dermatono'sis [véaos
disease], skin-disease. Dermatopathology, the
pathology of the skin, the subject of skin-diseases.
Dermato'pathy [740os suffering, affection], cuta-
neous or skin-disease (Syd. Soc. Lex.). De'rma-
tophone [ov voice], ‘a kind of flexible stetho-
scope, the two extremities of which are covered by
a tight membrane of thin india-rubber’ (Syd. Soc.
Lex.). Dermato'phony, the use of the dermato-
phone applied to the surface of the living body ;
the observation of the sone thus heard. ot
tophyte = Derrmo-(/iy/e). De'rmatopla:st,
ees moulded, formed}, ‘ the remedying of skin
efects by a plastic operation’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.).
Dermato‘ptera = DERMAPTERA. De‘rmatopsy,
‘skin vision’, sensitiveness of the animal skin to
light. Dermato'ptic a. Zool, [owrieds, of or for
ight), having the skin sensitive to light, having
takin vision’. || Dermatorrhe'a [foi flow], a
morbidly increased secretion from the skin. || Der-
.
a
a eae eee
DERMATIC.
‘matosclero'sis [oxA7jpwots hardening], hardening
ot induration of the skin; sclerodermia. || Der-
mato'sis [-osis], the formation of bony plates or
scales in the skin; also a skin-disease (Syd. Soc.
Lex.). Dermato-ske‘leton = DERMO-(she/efon).
Dermato‘tomy = DERMO-(/omy), || Dermatozo'a
[¢@ov animal], animal parasites of the skin; hence
|| Dermatozodno‘sis, skin-disease gaused by animal
parasites,
1851-60 Mayne Expos. Lex., Dermatalgia. neuralgia of
the skin; pain of the skin; dermatalgy. 1876 Dunrinc
Dis, Skin 510 Dermatalgia is an affection characterized by
pain having its seat solely in the skin .. unattended by
structural change. /éd. 60 Dermatitis, resulting from con-
tinued exposure to a high temperature. 1882 Vines Sachs’
Bot. 952 It is only in certain cases that the root-cap of
Phanerogams is derived from the dermatogen. 1851-60
Mayne £xfos. Lex., Dermatography, term for a description
of the skin. 1893 Brit. Med. ¥rni. x Apr. 703/2 Dermatol
is a yellow powder, insoluble in water and odourless; chemi-
cally it is a subgallate of bismuth, /d7d., Dermatol dusting
powder, a preparation intended to serve as an appropriate
application to moist or irritable conditions of the skin. 1891
Times 14 Jan. 14/1 Read at the Dermatological Society in
Paris, 1861 Bumsteap Vex, Dis. (1879) 815 This eruption
has .. been studied by a number of dermatologists, 1819
Pantologia, Dermatology, a treatise on the skin. 1847 in
Craic. 1851-60 in Mayne. 1876 Dunrinc Dis. Skin 80
Dermatology, rightly viewed, is but a department of general
medicine. /éid. 371 Dermatolysis consists of a more or less
circumscribed hypertrophy of the cutaneous structures. .and
a tendency to hang in folds. 1883 Nature 22 Feb. 399/2
Experiments with regard to the ‘ skin-vision’ of animals ..
of the earthworm, as representing the eyeless (or ‘derma-
toptic’) lower animals, and the 77/toxz as representative of
the higher (Sophthalmoptic ’) eyed animals. 1866 Facce tr.
Hebra’s Dis, Skin 1. it. 33 Dermatoses .. have long been
divided, in reference to their etiology, into the symptomatic
.-and into the idiopathic.
Dermatic (daime'tik), a. [ad. Gr. depparix-ds,
f. 5éppa(r- skin : see -1c.] Of or pertaining to the
skin ; dermal, cutaneous.
1847 in Craic. 1883 in Syd. Soc, Lex.
Dermatoid (da-1matoid), a. [f. Gr. deppar-
skin: see -o1p. Cf. Gr. Sepyarwons, contr. for
*Seppato-edys.] Like or resembling skin, skin-
like; =DeErno1p.
1851-60 in Mayne Expos. Lex. 1857 Duncuison Med.
Lex. 288 Dermatoid .. that which is similar to the’skin,
|| Dermestes (d5ime'st2z). Zxtom. [irreg. f.
Gr. 5épya skin, leather + éoGiewv to eat.] A genus
of beetles (the type of the family Dermestidx), the
larvee of which are very destructive to leather and
other animal substances. Hence Derme'stid a.,
belonging to the-family Dermestidx ; sb. a member
of this family; Dermestoid @., resembling the
genus Dermestes; belonging to the Dermestidx.
1802 Binctey Anim. Biog. (1813) III. 111 When touched,
these insects counterfeit death; but they do not contract
their legs, in the manner of the Dermestes, and some other
Beetles,
Dermic (di-mik), a. [mod. f. Derm or Gr.
Séppa + -1C: cf. F. dermigque (Littré).] Of or re-
lating to the skin ; dermatic, dermal,
1841-71 T. R. Jones Anim, Kingd. (ed. 4) 388 The dermic
system becomes fully developed in all its parts. 1857 Dun-
Guison Med. Lex. 288 Dermic..relating to the skin.
{| Dermis (ddumis), Azat. [mod.L. deriv. of
Gr. 5épya skin, on analogy of émdeppis epidermis.)
The true skin; =DrERM,
1830 R, Knox Béclara’s Anat, 142 The Dermis, Coriume,
or Cutis vera, is a fibro-cellular membrane, which forms the
deeper and principal lamina of the skin, and of itself con-
stitutes almost its whole thickness, 1878 T. Bryant Pract,
Surg, I. 172 The subjacent dermis appears of a rose colour,
Dermi'tis = dermatitis : see DERMAT-.
Dermo-, repr. Gr, deppyo-, shortened combining
form of dépya, 5éppar-, skin, etc. (as in Seppdmrepos
having membranous wings), used in numerous
modern formations, as Dermobranchia (d51mo,-
breenkia), -branchia‘ta Zoo/, [BRANCHIA; in F.,
dermobranches|, a group of molluses, having ex-
ternal gills in the form of dorsal membranous tufts ;
hence Dermobra‘nchiate a. Dermoga’stric a.
[yaornp belly, stomach], pertaining to the skin and
stomach, as in the d. cana/ls, pores, which open
both into the alimentary cavity and on the skin.
Dermo'graphy = DERMATOGRAPHY. Dermo-
heemal (-h7‘mal) a. [H#Mat], pertaining to the
skin of the hzmal or ventral aspect of the body;
applied by Owen to the ventral fin rays of fishes,
in their relation to the heemal arch. Dermohze-mia,
hyperzemia or congestion of the skin, Dermohu’-
meral a. [HuMERAL], pertaining to the skin and
humerus, as in the @, muscle by which in some
animals the humerus is indirectly attached to the
skin. Dermo-logy, Dermomyco’sis: see Drr-
MATO-, Dermomu‘scular a., of skin and muscle.
Dermoneu ‘ral a. [NEURAL], pertaining to the skin
of the neural or dorsal aspect of the body; applied
by Owen to the dorsal fin rays of fishes, in their
relation to the neural arch. Dermo-o’sseous a,
[Osszous], of the nature of bone developed in the
281
skin or integument, pertaining to a dermo-skeleton,
exoskeletal; so Dermo-o'ssify v., to ossify der-
mally, form a dermo-skeleton ; Dermo-ossifica’-
tion. Dermopa‘thic, -o‘pathy: see DERMATO-.
De'rmophyte (¢vu7dy plant), a parasitic vegetable
growth in the skin; hence Dermophy‘tic a.
|| Dermo'ptera Z/. Zool. (Gr. deppdmrepos, f. wrepdv
wing], a sub-order of Insectivora, containing the
Galeopithecus or Flying Lemur of the Moluccas
(from the extension of skin, which enables them to
take flying leaps from tree to tree). Dermo--
pterous a@., having membranous wings (or fins).
Dermoptery’gian @., having membranous fins.
Dermorhy'nchous a. [fvyxos snout, bill], having
the bill covered by an epidermis, as in the duck.
Dermoscle‘rite [oxAnpdés hard], a mass of calca-
reous or siliceous spicules in the outer layer of the
tissue of some Actinozoa. Dermoske‘leton, derm-
skeleton, the external bony, shelly, crustaceous, or
coriaceous integument of many invertebrates and
some vertebrates (e.g. crabs, tortoises); the exo-
skeleton; hence Dermoske'letal a. Dermo-
te’nsor, a tensor muscle of the skin. Dermo'tomy
[-ropva cutting], the anatomy or dissection of the
skin.
1878 Bex tr. Gegenbaur's Comp. Anat. 111 In the Pori-
fera. . The number of these pore-canals (dermo-gastric pores’,
which have consequently a dermal and gastric orifice, is
generally very great. 1851-60 Mayne £.xfos. Lex. Dermo-
graphy, Dermology, improperly used for Dermatography,
Dermatology, 1835-6 Topp Cycl. Anat, I. 171/2 Pores..
which traverse directly the dermo-muscular envelope. 1878
BEL tr. Gegenbaur's Comp. Anat, 36 Where the coelom is
present, the integument, with the muscles, forms a dermo-
muscular tube. 1854 Owen Skel. §& Teeth (1855) 183 Both
dermoneural and dermohzmal spines may present two
structures. 1836-9 Topp Cycé. Anat. II. 880/1 ‘The exterior
of the body becomes hardened .. and forms .. the Dermo-
skeleton, 1854 OwEN Shed. & Teeth (1855) 181 The bones of
the dermoskeleton .. which constitute the complex skull of
osseous fishes. ‘
Dermoid (dismoid), a. [mod. f. Gr. déppa
skin + -oID: in mod.F. dermorde. (Not on Gr.
analogies: see DERMATOID.)] Kesembling or of
the nature of skin. (Sometimes /oosely, Of or be-
longing to the skin, dermal.)
Dermoid cyst, ‘a sebaceous cyst having a wall with struc-
ture like that of the skin’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. s. v. Cyst).
1818 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 460 Those nations who have the
dermoid system highly coloured. 1872 PEASLEE Ova.
Tumours 35 Inthe case of dermoid cysts, the more common
contents are produced by the true skin, which constitutes a
part or the whole of their internal surface. 1877 Burnett
Ear 43 The skin of the canal is extended over the drum-
head, forming its dermoid or outer layer.
Dermoi‘dal, az. [f. prec.+-au.] =prec.
1818 Chron. in Ann, Reg. 458 The instantaneous pene-
tration of the dermoidal system by the blood.
+ Dern, a. and sd. Obs. or arch, Forms: 1 derne,
WS. dierne, dyrne, 2 s.w. dyrne, 2-7 derne,
2-3, 7 dearne, 3 deorne, Ov. deerne, 3-4 durne,
4-9 dern, (dia/.darn). [OE. derne, dierne, dyrne
= OS. derni, OF ris. dern, hidden, secret, obscure,
OHG. farni lying hid :+OTeut. *darnjo-.]
A, adj,
+1. Of actions, etc.: Done or proceeding in
secret or in the dark ; kept concealed ; hence, dark,
of evil or deceitful nature. Ods.
Beowulf 4342 (Thorpe) Swa sceal mzz don, nealles inwit-
net odrum bregdan dyrnum crefte. c897 K. ALFRED Gre-
gory’s Past. xiii. 78 Dyles 5a smyltnesse Ses domes hine
zewemme [ Jse dyrna [v. ~. dierna] zfst, ode to hrad
lrre. ¢ 1220 pues’ 9° Old in hise sinnes derne. c 1250
Gen. §& Ex. 1950 Vdas Sor quiles gaf hem red, dat was fulfilt
of dernesped. c¢1300 Beket 23 The Princes dou3ter. .lovede
him in durne love. ¢1386 Cuaucer Miller's T. 14 This
clerk. .Of derne love he cowde and of solas. ¢ 1400 Dest.
Troy 478 Dissyring full aay. in her derne hert. c 1460
Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 310 Now bese unlokyn many dern
dede, [a 1643 W. Cartwricut Ordinary v. iv. in Hazl.
Dodstl, X11. 311 [arch.] Hent him, for dern love, hent him.]
+b. Of persons; Secret in purpose or action ;
reserved, close-; hence, underhand, sly, crafty, Ods.
@ 1000 Czdnion’s Gen. 490 (Gr.) Dyrne deofles boda wearp
hine on wyrmes lic. _¢ 1205 Lay. 13604 Uortigerne pe swike
wes ful derne [1275 deorne], a 1300 Cursor M. 7234 (Cott.)
Traitur dern and priue theif. ¢1386 Cuaucer Miller's 7.111
Ye moste been ful deerne as inthis cas. c1400 Destr. Troy
13625 Deruyst & derne, myn awne dere cosyn, I graunt pe
pe qpogeenee of bis grete yle.
+2. Not made known, kept unrevealed or private ;
not divulged. Ods.
c1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke viii. 47 Da bet wif zeseah pet hit
him nzs dyrne, heo com forht. ¢ 1200 Orin 9236 Forr
Crist wass i patt time 3et All unncup & all dzrne. a x1225
Ancr. R,. 154 God his derne runes, & his heouenliche
priuitez scheawede his leoue freond. fo oa . Virg.
(BM. MS) 856 No man mai wite ne se at is i derne
priuete. 1380 Wyctir Wks, (1880) 353 Poule..herd derne
wordes of God.
+b. Of a person: Treated as a confidant ; en-
trusted with hidden matters ; privy. Ods.
@ 1300 Cursor M. 6509 (Cott.) pis moyses was ful dern and
dere To drighten,. He taght him tabels of be lai,
_ +e. Phr. Zo hold, keep (a thing) dern. Obs.
¢ 1000 Ags. Ps. cxviii. [cxix.] 19 Ne nop es me dyrne bine
pa deoran bebodu. 1508 Dunsar Tya Mariit Wem, 450
DERN.
We dule for na euill deid, sa it be derne haldin.
How Merchande dyd Wife betray 175 in Hazl. £. :
204, I pray the .. As thou art my trewe weddyd fere, In thy
chaumber thou woldest kepe me dern.
3. Of places, etc.: Secret, not generally known,
private. arch.
Beowulf 4629 (Thorpe) Se gud-sceada .. hord eft xesceat,
dryht-sele dyrnne. a 1000 //ene 1081 Sate beg du funde, ba
de in foldan zen deope bedolfen dierne sindon. c 1205 Lay.
6750 Pe king hin lette don in to ane derne [c 1275 deorne]
bure. ¢ 1314 Guy Warw.(A.) 1289 Ona dern stede he dede
hem hide. @ 1400-50 Alexander 4045 Darke in dennes vn-
dire dounes & in derne holis. 1584 Sc. Acts Fas. VI
(1814) 305 (Jam.) Gun pulder .. placeit .. within the voltis,
laiche and darne partes and placeis thairof. 1806 ForsytH
Beauties Scott. 1V. 360 At the south-east corner is the
darn, or private gate. 1814 Scorr Wav. xii, That Davie
Gellatly should meet them at the dern path. /dz. xviii,
‘There’s not a dern nook, or cove, or corri, in the whole
country, that he's not acquainted with.
4. Of places: Serving well to conceal, as lying
out of the way, dark, etc.; hence, dark, sombre,
solitary, wild, drear. arch.
c1470 Henry MWadlace w. 430 Fast on to Tay his busche-
ment can he draw. In a dern woode thai stellit thaim full
law. 1508 Dunsar Tua Mariit Wem. 242 Thai drank, and
did away dule, vnder derne bewis. 1608 Snaxs. Per. ut,
Prol. 15 By many a dern and painful perch Of Pericles the
careful search. .Is made. 1612 SHELTON Quj?r. ut. xii. 1. 240
He searching Adventures blind Among these dearn Woods
and Rocks. 1647 H. More Song of Soud ut. un. un. xli, Sing
we to these wast hills, dern, deaf, forlorn. 1674-91 Ray
N.C. Words, Deafely, \onely, solitary, far from neighbors.
Dearn, signifies the same. 1813 Hoca Queen's Wake 96
Mid wastes that dern and dreary lie.
5. Dark, drear, dire. arch.
1570 Levins Manz. 211/4 Dearne, dirus. 1613 W. Leicu
Drumme Devot.%53 Vhe light of Israel was put out for a
time, Queene Elizabeth died, a dearne day to England, had
it not beene presently repayred with as cleare a light from
Scotland. /é%¢. 39 Prognostications of our dearne light.
1650 B. Discolliminium 46 Vhese derne, dreery, direfull
dayes condunghill’d and uglified me into a darke dense
lumpe. 1845 T. Coorrr Purgat, Suicides (1877) 16 It was
acrude excess Of all things dern and doleful, dark and drez
1856 Dosett Eng. in Time War, Evening Dream, ‘The
awful twilight dern and dun,
+6. Deep, profound, intense. /7¢. and fig. Obs.
cx400 Destr. Troy 3060 Hir chyn full choise was the
chekys benethe, With a dympull full derne, daynté to se.
c 1500 Spir. Remed. in Halliw. Nuge Poet. 64 My myddelle
woundys they bene derne and depe, Ther ys no plaster that
persyth aryght. 1594 /Varres of Cyrus \N.', Who, wounded
with report of beauties pride, Unable to restraine his derne
desire.
B. sd. +1. A hidden thing; a secret. Ods.
a 1000 Gnom, Vers. 2(Gr.) Nelle ic be min dyrne zeseczan.
a1300 £. /. Psalter |. 8 [li. 6) (Mitz.) Derne of pi wisdam
pou opened unto me. 21340 Hampoce /’salter xlili. 23 God
. -knawis all pe dern in oure hert. . A
+2. Secrecy, concealment, privacy. Chiefly 72
dern, in secret. Ods.
az2g0 Owl & Night, 608 Ich can nimen mus at berne, An
ek at Chirche in pe derne. @ 1300 Cursor AI, 2935 (Cott.)
Sister, to be in dern i sai, Pou seis be folk eralla-wai. /d7d,
21250(Cott.) Marc, men sais, it wratte in dern. ¢ 1420 Avow,
Arth. lii, lam comun here loe In derne for to play. — 1508
Dunpar Tua Mariit Wem. 9,1 drew in derne to the dyk to
dirkin eftir myrthis.
+3. A secret place; a place of concealment.
1340 HaMpPoe Psal/er xxx. 25 Pou sall hide paim in dern
of pi face. ¢1450 HeNrysoN Jor. Fad, 27 Unto ane derne
for dread hee him addrest. c 100 Leanes true Love (W. de
W.), To a derne I me droughe Her wyll to knowe,
+4. Darkness. Ods.
1500-20 Dunpar Ballat our Lady 3 Haile, sterne superne
.. Lucerne in derne. 15.. Bannatyne Poems (1770) 98 (Jam.)
My dule in dern, bot gif thow dill, Doutless bot dreid I dé.
Dern, a door-post : see DURN.
Dern, var. of Darn, vulgar perversion of Damn.
1893 MeCartuy Red Diamonds I. 69 Ef it had been Noah
I shouldn't have cared a dern.
+ Dern, darn, v. Os. exc. dial. Also 2-3
dernen, deorne. [OE, dernan, dyrnan, dernan
= OS. dernjan, OHG. tarnan, tarnen, MHG.
ternen to hide :—OTeut. *darnjan, f. *darnjo-, OF.
derne, DERN a.]
+1. “rans. To hide, conceal, keep secret. Obs.
¢893 K. AELFRED O7os. v. x, Peh hie hit zr swibe him
betweonum diernden [Zater MS. dyrndon]. ¢ 1000 ZELFrRIC
Gen, xlv. 1 Da ne mihte Ioseph hine leng dyrnan, 1205
Lay. 7694 Alle hine gretten & heore grame dernden [1275
deorne]. /éid. 18549 Nzs pe king noht swa wis. . pat imong
his du3ebe his poht cude dernen. ¢ 1315 suoaneae 79 And
he ondede hym cristendom, No lenge he nolde hyt derny,
2. refl. To hide, conceal oneself. dia/.
in Pitcairn Crim. Trials Scot. 11. 428 The said George
darnit him selff and his servandis in ane out-hous. 1837 R,
Nicoty Poems (1843) 118 We dern oursel's down ’mang the
fresh aiten strae, 1854 H. Mitter Sch. § Schm. x. (1858)
21x He..escaped them by derning himself in a fox-earth.
3. intr. To seek concealment; to hide. da/..
1584 Hupson Du Bartas’ Fudith (1611) 31 Their courage
quailed and they began to dern. 1600 J. Metvitt Diaxy
(1842) 318 The enemies fled and darned. 1813 Hocc
Queen's Wake 79 Ane nycht he darnit in Maisry’s cot.
1847 J. Hatuipay Rustic Bard 261 We’ve..dern’d amang
its green. ‘
+4. trans. To cause to hide, to run to earth.
1584 Hupson Du Bartas’ Fudith 86 (Jam.) Holopherne,
Who did a hundred famous princes derne. 1 R. Monro
Exped. Mackay’s Reg. ut, 112 (Jam.) The cunning hunter. .
giving one sweat after another, till he kill or derne, in
putting the fox in the earth, and then hooke him out,
@ 1575
P.P.I
Dern, obs. and dial. form of Darn v.
+ Derne, adv. Ots. Also 1-3 dierne, 6 dern,
7 darne. [OE. derne, dierne, dyrne =OS. darno,
adv. from dern, etc. adj.] ‘ Dernly’, secretly.
" axa00 Moral Ode 77 in Pin Coll. Hom. 222 Ne bie m
noswoderneidon, ¢ 1345 £. £. Allit, P. B. 697, 1com
hem a kynde crafte & kende hit hem derne. ¢ 1440
oor 1958 The’ ye . went forthe, so seyth the boke, Prevely and
derne. 1631 Craice Pilgr, & Heremite 5,1 drew me
“TD to the doore, some din to heare,
ppl. a. Obs. or dial. Also darned.
it DERN v. Tidden, concealed ; secret, —
1600 Gowrie's Conspir. in Select. Harl. Misc. Oh dean
rivatly..took the fellow, and band him ina privie dern
Souws, and, after lokking many durres vppon him, left him
there, 1616 Jas. 1, Disc. Powder Treason Wks. 242 That
rightly-damned crew, now no more darned conspirators, but
open and avowed rebels. 1631 A. Craice A, pass & Heremite
When at the colde Caue doore darned Z
Rissiy Gent. Sheph. 1. ii, A little fae Lies dana wil
my breast this mony a day.
Dernel, -al, obs. forms of DARNEL.
+Derner. Oés. Also dirner. [Etymology
unknown: ?connected with dern, Durn, door-
frame.) The lintel of a door.
a 1300 Cursor M, 6078 (Cott.) pis lamb blod. .par-wit yee
mak pan takning, On aiper post per hus to smer, A takin o
tav on pair derner [v. 7. dernere]. /7d. 6103 (Cott.) On
pair post and on dirner,
+ Dernful, a. Ods. [f. Dern sd. + -FUL. A
pseudo-archaism.] Mournful, dreary.
?xs91 L. Brysketr Mourn, Muse Thest. go in Spenser
Astroph., The birds .. this lucklesse chance foretold, By
dernfull noise.
+Dernhede. Ols. rare. [f. Denn a. +
-hede : see -HEAD.] Secret matter ; privity; a secret.
a@ 1300 Cursor AM. 18454 (Cott.) Noght we dere O baa dern-
hede tell you namar. z 5
Dernier ((i3-nias, || dgmye),@. [a. F. dernier :—
OF. derrenier, deriv. of derrein: see DARREIN.
The suffix is as in prem-ter, L. prim-arius.]
Last; ultimate, final. Ods. exc. as in b.
1602 R. T. Five Godlie Serm. 45 he latter day..wherein
we must take our dernier adewe. a@ 1688 VitLiers (Dk.
Buckhm.) Chances, Sir, Iam in the derniere confusion to
avow, that [etc.]. @1734 Nortu Lives 1, 109 While this
dernier writ of error hung in the House of Lords undeter-
mined. 175t Mrs. E. Bicerscn Betsy nfo nba "49
Every thing but the dernier undoing deed. 1797 Mrs. A. M
Bennett Seggar Girl (1813) 111. 96 On how many chances
did this dernier hope hang ! .
b. Dernier resort (now always in F. form der-
nier ressort): last resort; orig. (in reference to
legal jurisdiction) the last tribunal or court to
which appeal can be made, that which has the
power of final decision; hence, a last or final
resource or refuge.
1641 Aur. WittiAms Sf. in A
1 have fixt my Areopagus, and
to make any further appeal.
A pol. Bishops (1661) 89 Here
ernier resort, being not like
a1jog Arxyns Parl. & Pol.
Tracts (1734) 97 The High Court of Parliament is the
dernier Resort. x Refl. Sacheverells Serm. 3 Yhe
People..were the dernier Resort of Justice and Dominion.
ree Vind. Sacheverell 73 ‘The Pretender is your dernier
Resort. 1 Fornercite in PA. Trans. LXIX. 2, I re-
commended, as a dernier resort, a trial of electricity. 1792
J: Bevxnar Hist. New-Hampshire U1, 256 The dernier
resort was to a court of appeals, consisting of the Governor
and Council. 1893 Nation (N. Y.) 9 Feb. 111/1 The word
elementum. .hithertofore, as a dernier ressort, has been
referred in some way to adimentum,
+ De'rnly, adv. Obs. Also 2-3 derneliche,
3-6 edie compar. 3 dern(e)luker. [f. Dern
a,: see -Ly2, It is properly the adv. of an O.E.
derived adj. *dernelic.]
1. In a secret manner, with secrecy.
¢1175 Lamb, Hom. 153 Nedre smuzed derneliche. ax:
Ancr. R. 128 Vorte..don derneluker perinne flesliche fulden.
@ 1300 Cursor M. 2517 (Cott.) Dernlik he did bam bide.
¢€ 1300 Beket 27 This Maide longede sore And lovede him
durneliche. *393 Lanot. P. Pl. C. xiv. 164 Menye of po
bryddes Hudden and heleden durneliche here egges, For
no foul sholde hem fynde. c1g00 Destr. Troy 13700 Pe
schalke, that..so dernely hym did dere & dispit.
2. So as to be concealed or hidden.
e1305 St. Kenelm 283 in E. E. P. (1862) 55 Pe holi bodi :
my durneliche lai bere. 1§13 Douctas 4neis vin. i. 146
dernly hyd none wyst quhair he was a
~ Dismally. [A cay pe archaism.]
Spenser F, Q. 1. i. 14 Their puissance, whylome
ful dernely tryde. did. mt, xii. 34 Had not the lady..
Dernly unto her called to abstaine. 1591 — Daphn. xxviii,
Thus dearnely plained, 1613 Purcuas Pilgrimage 11. xx.
223 A Lion. .roared so dernely, that all the women in Rome
— hundred miles from thence) for very horror proued
abortive.
+Dernship. 04s. In3darnscipe. [f. Dern
a. + -SHIP.] wecrery § = DERNHEDE.
nee Lay. 258 Mid darnscipe he heo luuede. a r2a5
Ancr. R. 152 Tote MS.] Niht, ich cleopie dearneschipe
lother MSS, priuite).
Dero’b, v. Ots, Also derobbe, -rube, -robe.
a. F, dérober (OF. also desrober, 13th c in ‘Littré),
. de- (des-),L. dis- + OF .rober to rob, take by stealth
or force: see Ros. (In the second quot. perh, asso-
ciated with role: cf. divest and derobe.)] trans.
To rob, plunder.
al. 1616 Bupnen tr. Aerodius’ Parents’ Kon Bp. Petia
Methinks Lucius Brutus his seueritie well .-that
derobed himself of all respect of a a
Derobe (drab), v. rare. [f. De- Il. 1 +
Rose v.) ¢rans. To disrobe ; to doff.
3841 Zait's Mag. VIII. 155 We quickly derobed our
‘De apparelling ’.
Sereges , a. Obs. [ad. L. dérogant-em,
= pple. of dérogare to DERnocate.}] Derogating,
derogatory.
¢1620 T. Apams Wks. (1861-2) I. 12 (D.) The other is both
arrogant in man, and derogant to God.
De‘rogate, #//. a. Now rare. [ad. L. dérogat-
us, ra pple. of dérogare: see next.]
pple. Annulled or abrogated in ees
shane in authority, force, estimation, etc.
1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 1. xxvii, And leest through
tongues to - soit. estate Through false reporte it were
derogate. ALL Chron. 117 ‘The chief ruler beyng in
presence, ike seals of the substitute, was clerely dero-
gate. os Be fe Foxe A. hep! (1684) III. 311 The once made
oblation of Christ is here & derogate, when this Sacramental
. -offering of thanksgivin is believed to be propitiatory.
3. adj. Deteriorated ; debased.
1605 Suaks, Lear t. iv. And from her derogate body
neuer spring A babe to honor her! 1849 Fraser's Alag.
XL. 533 They are (like all his poetry) made derogate by vile
conceits.
Derogate (de'rige't), v. [f. ppl. stem of L.
dérogare to repeal in part, take away or detract
from, diminish, disparage, f. Dg- I. 2 + rogare to ask,
question, propose a law. Cf. prec., and see -aTe 3
3-5.
+1. ¢rans. To repeal or abrogate in part (a law,
sentence, etc.) ; to destroy or impair the force and
effect of; to lessen the extent or authority of. Ods.
1513 Brapsuaw St. Werburge 1. 3199 There may be no
counseyll..To derogate or eae deuyne sentence. 1559
Fabyan's Chron vu. 717, The Englishe seruice and
communion boke was derogated and disanulled, and
a generalle submission .. made to the sea of Roome. 1677
Hare Prim. Orig. Man. (J.), By severall contrary customs
-many of these civil and canon laws are controuled and
derogated.
+2. To detract from ; to lessen, abate, disparage,
Pia t Obs.
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 217 He dothe. .as moche
as is in hym, to derogate and destroy the autoritie of holy
scripture. 56x Davs tr. Bullinger on _ + (1573) 19b,
There be some at this day, which doe playnl bE jlerogate
the manhode of Christ. 1570 Bittincstey Euclid x1.
xii. 316 Which thing is not here spoken, any thing to dero-
gate the author of the booke. 1642 Mitton Afol, Smect.
(1851) 260 To derogate the honour of the State.
+ 3. To curtail or deprive (a person) of any part
of his rights. Ods.
1540-1 Etyor /mage Gov. 24 Marcus Aurelius, whom no
man can derogate of anie parte of honour and wisedome.
1570 BuCHANAN Admonitioun Wks. (1892) 30 Ye lordis wald
not consent to put down y® quene or derogat hir of hir
eae in ony maner,
To take away (something from a thing) 0
as to lessen or impair it. arch.
1561 I. Norton Calvin's Just. 11. 105 Is that bicause their
purpose is to derogate any thing from the law. 1§77 Hotin-
SHED Chron. II. 134 To ‘derogat things meerely preiudiciall
to the kings roiall prerogative. 1593 Ar. Bancrort Daung.
Posit,\. vi. 26(He] made Actes to derogate the free passage
of the Gospell. 1623 Bincuam Xenophon 141 Not to dero-
gate credit from your owne word. 1755 Younc Centaur i.
Wks. 1757 IV. 119 Nor can the diminishing imagery of our
notions derogate less from Him. 18a2 Lamp “/ia Ser. 1
Mod. Gallantry, Just so much respect as a woman dero-
gates from her own sex .. she deserves to have diminished
from herself,
5. adsol, or intr. To take away a part from; to
detract, to make an improper or injurious abate-
ment from. Now chiefly from an excellency ; also,
from a right, privilege, or possession.
¢ 1560 Calvin's Com. Prayer he i in apes (1708) Il. hao
Other Sacrifices for Sin are b
the Sufficiency hereof. 1583 Srupnes p beng Abus, uM. (1882)
59 It derogateth greatly from the glorie and maiestie of God,
to saye, [etc.] tes Wisue New Planet i. (1707) 155 Fear
of Derogating from the Authority of the Ancients. 1726-31
Tinvat Rapin's Hist, Eng. (1743) 11. xvit. 124 This present
Treaty shall in no way derogate from former Treaties.
1874 Srusss ugg ot - Hist, (1875) IL. xiv. 88 This award is
not intended to derogate from the liberties of the realm,
b. from a person: i.e. in respect of his excel-
lency, eminence, authority, rights, ete. Now arch.
1586 Warner A/d, Eng. mt, xvi. pee 7 How captiously
he derogates from me, and mine estate, @1617 Bayne On
Fh wa6s8) 78 This is a wicked Doctrin derogating from
rist. 4 App1son Sfect, No. ror P3 We can now wed
a great Man, without are «ge from Pom
ps Rosser Life of Shelley p. xiv, ‘I stuff
only of Gmogatiog from the typical Shelley.
te. with fo. Obs, rare.
@ 1670 Hacker Adf, Williams u. 218 This fell into aharsh
construction, geromnting much to the Archbishop's credit.
6. intr. T something derogatory to one’s
rank or position; to fall away in character or
conduct from ; to ‘degenerate.
(Cf. F. déroger, déroger & noblesse, to do sliythiog entail.
sing loss of the ihe pe of a. e.g. to engage ina
profession incompatible with.)
61x Suaks. Cymé, 1. i. 48 You cannot as 5 ae an my Lord.
1706 vgn pan Fair Examp. u.i, The World grows extra-
1546 St. sage Hen, VIII, XI. 46 He wold prefe
captaynes to Your Highnes service, but they wyl derobbe
m the Parsimony of our Ancestors,
a 1830 Hazurr (O.), Would Charles X derogate from his
DEROGATOR.
ancestors? Would he be the
line? Mrs. benim one gions ng sre
aware I edigray ef on ta 1862
eewrens re (ed. 4) 416 In these days, too,
Snow pére had derogated even from the position in which
Graham had first known him. 1888 7% Bar Mag. Oct.
Sie nes Sa © Eee ete
has less than sixteen quarterings.
4] Reproducing a barbarism of the Vulgate.
1609 Biste ( y) Ezek, xxxv. 13 You. .have derogated
= multiplied) your wordes against me. [/u/g. derogastis
adversum me verba vestra.]
Hence De‘rogated /f/. a., De‘rogating vb/. sb.
and
7 a he Syon's Plea of 2) 17 oan
from the King, their injury to his TL
Nicnoas in N, Papers (Camden) ‘The — bo rt ng
chievous sca and derogating tions. 1674
Pripveaux Lett. (Camden) 11 vo Se harsh or derogate-
ing expression be found in any part of his booke.
+ Derogately, adv. Obs. [f. DErocate Api.
a@.+-LY2,.] =DEROGATORILY.
1606 Suaxs. Ant. & CZ. u. ii. More laught at,
I should Once name you deroga‘ iomanale, ;
Derogation (derdgéi “fon). In 5 -acion. +
F. dérogation (14th c. -acton, in Hatzf.), ad. L.
derogation-em, n. of action from déragare to Dr-
RoGATE. In L, used only in the sense ‘partial
abrogation of a law’: but in the mod. langs. in
all the senses of the vb.]
1. The partial abrogation or repeal of a law, con-
tract, treaty, legal right, etc.
1548 Hatt Chron. pili V, ended -72b, » Long sufferaunce is
no acquittance, nor prolongyng of tyme ion to right.
1628 Coxe On Litt. 282b, ps and sabiay incomes
derogation of the Common Law. 1691 Ray Creation 1. 22
In bs gree to the precedent Rule. 1692 Sourn Serm.
(1697) 1. 430 The Scripture that allows of the Will, is
neither the Abrogation, nor Derog nor Di:
nor Relaxation of that Law. 1792 Curman Amer. Law
Rep. (1871) 13 A privilege in derogation of the common law
right of the creditor. 1885 Act 48-49 Vict. c. 38 § 1 This
section shall be in addition to and not in derogation of any
powers. . vested in the Committee of. .Council on Education.
2. The taking away (in part) of the power or autho-
rity (ofa person, roe lessening, weakening, curtail-
ment, or impairment of ee ee detraction from.
c 1480 tr. De /mitatione ut. \xiii, pat dope hindringe
derogacion to me, Fasyan
Chron. vu. 304 One thynge he dyd to y* derogacion of y*
munkys of ‘ Cantorbury. 1533 Bevtenpen Livy un. (1822) 195
It maid plane derogacioun to the Faderis to creat ony
tribunis in times cumming, be yotis of thair assessouris or
clientis. 1536 Act 28 Hen. V/// (1621 in Bolton Stat. /rel.
118), Actsand Statutes made. .in derogation, hes ines and
extinguishment of the Bishop of Rome. 1 Norton
Calvin's Inst. 1. xix. (1634) 717 marg., With d jon
from Baptisme, force [is] given unto confirmation which doth
not belong unto it. 1750 Carte Hist. Eng. 11. 511 Papal
usurpations, to the derogation of the Crown. 1779 Burke
—_ (1844) II. 269, I hope, too, that you will not think it
. derogation from the deference I ought to pay to your
Pee igment.
3. Detraction from the honour, or reputation of ;
lowering or lessening in value or estimation, dis-
paragement, depreciation.
1520 Caxton's Chron. Eng. w. arf nb aig it sholde
be great di ion to hisnameand he were slayne of Karles.
1549 Compl. Scot, _Epist. 5 As this nobil prelat hes dune..
vyrkt out dirrogatione of his — dignite. 1596 SPENSER
State Trel. Whe. (1862 cH ag yon a ag brave man, neither
is that any thing whi ie Geccpation. 164%
MiLTon | Aehreh. (1851 37, ee ays. ind Pindar.
and debasements to their high 1656 CowLey
Odes Notes (1669) 10 He does it in ing, 3696 Conse his ad-
versary Bacchilides. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. 1. fort (x69)
15 This is no Ci Farig to their Truth and
Appison Ct, de Remdien > spe Lo ~_
sje in derogation Portuguese. m ERS
Bible vii. tls 8 from saying this i
4. Fallin of in rank, character, or excel ;
loss of ran! ; deterioration, debasement.
1838-9 HALLAM Hist. Lit, U1, iv. u. § 56. 155 He discusses
also the derogation to nobility by plebeian occupation.
L. Hunt Jar Honey (2848) 197 The sweets of the wi
ere Pay) industry of the will continue without
change r855 1 nackeRray Newcomes 1. 227
a might pretend surely to his kinswoman's hand begs" +4
1864 Sata in Daily 7 8 ot
and degradation of
i ‘the derogation
a gitiv),a. [a. OF. ‘rat
bt L. type *dérogativ-us, f. 3
to eny of my seintes, dope
-ive (1403 in Godef.), f.
ative (ar (dir
ppl. stem of dérogire: see see -ATIVE.] C
y hy ; tending to yaa pois
ilds (18
Py: erties. of i Bi ce EB arp rely 9 aia
c. 13, rte and strates . derogatiue ynto the most
Su as nT, Bae Paend. ip. 1. aid mee derogative
OWNE . Xi
unto hi sl "868 1888 Cornhild Mag. Jan. 73 Too derogative
int
Hence Dero‘gatively adv. In mod. Dicts.
tor Sees —. [a. 4
ator, it-n. from to DEROGATE.
Ganon decideten one who diminishes or takes
from the authority of pont —
a Lupron Sivgila — et oo
Paes Vind of Case Case of Pu Things 9 It ma
fe te Champion fr the pe the peecton and
DEROGATORILY.
Derogatorily (ditpgitorili), adv. [f. Drro-
GATORY + -LY*.] Ina derogatory manner; with
derogation or disparagement.
1603 Sir C. Heypon Fud. Astrol. xxii. 481 Without
speaking vnreuerently or derogatorily of God. 1648 Prynne
Plea for Lords 17 He writes. .derogatorily of the Commons.
1827 Hare Guesses (1859) 337 By speaking derogatorily and
slightingly of some other power.
ro'ga’ ess. vare. [f. as prec. + -NESS. ]
Derogatory quality.
1727 in Baitey vol. II.
+ Derogato'rious, a. Obs.
us DEROGATORY + -0US.] =next.
crsss Harprsrirtp Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 234 His
doings were derogatorious..to the supremacy of the Pope.
ion Dustin & Waker Spirits § Divels 186 Your speech
is derogatorious to the efficacie. .of Christ’s death,
Derogatory (diipgitori), a. and sé. [ad. L.
dérogatori-us, {. dérogator: see prec. and -ORY,
Cf. F. dérogatoire (1341 in Hatzf.).]
A. adj.
1. Having the character of derogating, of taking
away or detracting from authority, rights, or stand-
ing, of impairing in force or effect. Const. fo, fron
(ta). ee :
1502-3 Plumpton Corr. 174 Not intending to have his grant
derogatorie unto justice. oe #8 Cuitunew. Relig. Prot. 1.
vi. § 4. 326 If you conceive such a prayer derogatory from the
perfection of your faith. 1637-50 Row Hist. Kirk (1842)
sor That none be chosen, or no course be taken derogatory
thereto, 1651 Hoppes Govt. § Soc. xiv. § 12. 221 Provided
there be nothing contain’d in the Law... derogatory from
his supreme power. 1730 Swirr Drafier’s Lett. ii. Rep.
Comm, Whiteh., A just. .exercise of your. .royal prerogative,
in no manner derogatory or invasive of any liberties. 1788
V. Knox Winter Even. I. iv. x. 60 An opinion derogatory
from the value of life. 1825 Scorr 7adism. xx, Incidents
mortifying to his pride, and derogatory from his authority.
1863 H. Cox Justit. 1. vi. 34 This Act was annulled as dero-
gatory to the King’s just rights. : :
2. Having the effect of lowering in honour or
estimation ; depreciatory, disparaging, disrespect-
ful, lowering.
1363 87 Foxe A. § M. (1596) 1/2 The 2"4 [was] derogatorie
to kings and emperors. 1592 NasHe P. Penilesse (ed. 2)
13a, All holy Writ warrants that delight, so it be not
derogatory to any part of Gods owne worship. 1 Sir
. Reynotps Disc. vii. (1876) 48 Who probably would think
t ny to their character, to be supposed to borrow.
1838-9 Hatta //ist. Lit. III. iv. m1. § 34. eu It would be
.. derogatory to a man of the slightest claim to polite
letters, were he unacquainted with the essays of Bacon.
Map Prune Louis XIV, 1. 292 Conduct .. derogatory to
his rank. 1849 Dickens Dav. Coff. (C.D. ed.) 181 To have
imposed any derogatory work upon him. 1860 FARRAR
Orig. Lang. (1865) 40 What plans are consonant to, and
what are derogatory of God’s.. Infinite Wisdom.
+3. Derogatory clause: a clause in a legal docu-
ment, a will, deed, etc., by which the right of sub-
sequently altering or cancelling it is abrogated,
and the validity of a later document, doing this,
is made dependent on the correct repetition of the
clause and its formal revocation. Ods.
1528 in Strype Eecl. Mem. I. App. xxx. 89 As doth
appear by composition made..and also confirmed by Boni-
face the IV .. with clauses derogatory. 1590 SwinBuRNE
Testaments 266 What maner of reuocation is to be made
in the second testament, that it may suffice to reuoke the
former testament, wherein is a clause derogatorie of the wil!
of the testator. @1626 Bacon Max. § Uses Com. Law xix.
(1636) 70 A derogatory clause is good to disable any latter
act, except you revoke the same clause before you proceed
to establish any later disposition or declaration.
+B. sb. Obs. rare—°. re
161x Corcr., Derogatoire, a derogatorie, or act of deroga-
tion.
+ Dero'ge, v. Obs. rare. [a. F. déroge-r (Oresme
14th c.), ad. L. dérogdre.] _=DEROGATE.
1427 Rolls of Parit. 1V. 326/2 It was nought youre entent
in any wyse to deroge or do prejudice unto my Lord.
Derotremate (derotr7#mét), a. Zool. [ad.
mod.L, derotrémat-us (in neuter pl. Derotrémata
name of the group), f. Gr. 5épy7 neck + tphpa(r-
hole, boring.] Of or pertaining to the Derotre-
mata, a group of urodele batrachians, having gill-
slits or branchial apertures, instead of external
gill-tufts. So Derotrematous a., De'rotreme
a, and sd.
1849-52 Topp Cycl. Anat. IV. 828/2 [Supra-renal capsules]
have not been found among the Derotremate.. orders.
Derout (dirau't), sd. [a. F. déroute ‘a rout,
a defeature, or flight of men’ (Cotgr.), f. dérouter:
see next.] An utter defeat, a Rout.
1644 R. Baie Lett. §& Frnls. (1841) I]. 188 We trust to
heare shortly of their totall derout. ¢c1729 Eart or Aites-
Bury Mem. (1890) 591 [Ramillies] was called a derout rather
than a battle. ry E, Hay Jusurr. Wexf. 150 This derout
was .. occasioned by the example of one of the divisional
commanders.
*s
Derout (dtrau't), v. [a. F. déroute-r, OF. des-
router (-roter, -ruter, -roupter):—late L. *disrup-
tare, f. di(s)rupt-us, pa. pple. of dirumpére to break
in pieces: cf. Disrupr.] trans, To put completely
to flight; to Rour. Hence Derou'ted ffi. a.
1637 Gittespie Eng. Pop. Cerem. Ord. Ciij, Untill not
only all their blowes be awarded, but themselves also all
derout 1808 J. Bartow Columb. vi. 537 Till dark de-
routed foes should yield to flight. 1839 W. H. Maxweti
Vou. III.
[f. L. dérogatori-
233
Wellington & Brit. Armies (1877) 147 The Spanish being
utterly derouted.
Derraine, -reyne, var. of DERAIGN v. Obs.
Derrar, -ere, obs. compar, of DEAR a.
Derre, obs. f. DEAR a.; obs. inflexional form of
Dare v.
Derrick (derik), sd. Also 7-9 derick. [from
the surname of a noted hangman at Tyburn ¢ 1600.
The name is orig. the Du. Dirk, Dierryk, Diederik
=Ger. Dietrich, Theoderic.]
+1. A hangman; hanging; the gallows. (Cf.
Jack Ketch.)
¢ 1600 Ballad Death Earl Essex (N.), Derick, thou know’st
at Coles I sav'd ‘Thy life lost for a rape there done. 1606
DEKKER Sev. Sinnes 1.(Arb.) 17, I would there were a Derick
to hang vp him too. 1607 W. S. Puritan iv.i, Would Der-
rick had been his fortune seven years ago. 1608 DEKKER
Bellman of Lond. (N.), He rides circuit with the devil, and
Derrick must be his host, and Tyborne the inn at which he
will light. 1656 Brount Glossogr., Deric..is with us
abusively used for a Hang-man; because one of that name
was not long since a famed executioner at Tiburn.
b. attrib. derrick-jastro.
?a1610 Heatey Disc. New World 174 (N.) This is in-
habited only with serjeants, beadles, deputy-constables, and
Derrick-jastroes. .
2. A contrivance or machine for hoisting or
moving heavy weights: +a. orig. A tackle used
at the outer quarter of the mizen-mast. Ods. b.
A spar or boom set up obliquely, with its head
steadied by guys and its foot secured by lashings,
or pivoted or socketed to the deck, floor, etc., and
furnished with suitable tackle and purchases; orig.
and chiefly used on board ship. ¢@. A kind of crane
(more fully derrick-crane) in which the jib is pivoted
to the foot of the central post, so that it may take
various angles with the perpendicular; a ‘jib and
tie’ crane. Also often applied to any outstanding
jib or arm with a pulley at the end, e.g. those
outside the lofts of stables, warehouses, etc. d.
Floating derrick: one erected on a kind of boat,
with a horizontal boom supported by stays from
the top of the central post. e. A tall structure
used to support telegraph wires.
@. 1727-52 CHAMBERS Cycé. s.v. Ship (Plate), Mizon Mast
.. Derrick and Spann. 1794 Rigging §& Seantanship 1. 165
Derrick, a tackle used at the outer quarter of a mizen-yard,
consisting of a double and single block, cdnnected by a fall.
b. 1756 Gentl. Mag. XXVI. 429 Lightning .. cut out a
piece of what they call the Derrick, at least 18 inches
diameter and 15 or 16 feet long. 1800 CoLqunHoun Commi.
Thames 626 Get up and rig a Derick for the purpose of
discharging the Cargo. 1878 Besant & Rice Celia’s Ard.
xxii. (1887) 161 They had jurymasts to serve as derricks on
occasion.
ec. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Stonehenge Wks. (Bohn)
II. 126 Swinging a block of granite.. with an ordinary
derrick. 1881 Raymonp A/ining Gloss., Derrick, the hoisting-
tower over an artesian well-boring. 1885 Ducane Punish.
& Prev. Crime 179 The construction of the large cranes and
derricks in the quarries.
d. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. s.v., Bishop’s floating-derrick
.. used in 1850..is capable of self-propulsion by means of
paddle-wheels, and thus removes its suspended load to a
position of safety for repair or other purpose.
e. 1886 Daily News 28 Dec. 5/6 They have .. a very large
derrick here holding up an immense number of wires and a
good many cables.
3. attrib., as derrick-floor, -pole, etc.; derrick-
ear, a railroad truck on which a small derrick is
mounted, for use in clearing lines from any ob-
struction (U.S.); derrick-crane: see 2c.
1865 Pall Mall G. 21 June g About the same depth from
their derrick floors. 1882 7imes 27 Dec. 92 Unlike the
derrick pole of an ordinary turret ship. 1883 Rosner 7veat,
Rating 42 To lay down moorings and moor a derrick hulk
tothem. |
+ De'rrick, v. Obs. rare. [f. prec. sb.] trans.
To hang.
1600 W. Kemp Nine Days’ W. in Arb. Garner VIII. 37
Pd that .. would pol his father, derick his dad! do any-
thing.
Derring do, derring-do. pseudo-archaism.
In 4-5 dorryng, (dorynge, duryng) don (do,
to do), 5 doryng(e do, 6 derrynge do, derring
doe, 9 derring-do. The two words durring,
dorryng, daring, vbl. sb. from durran, dorren to
Dare, and don, do, pres. inf. of Do »v., literally
daring to do, which, bya chain of misunderstandings
and errors, have come to be treated as a kind of
substantive combination, taken to mean, Daring
action or feats, ‘ desperate courage’,
The words come incidentally in their ordinary sense and
construction followed by the object ‘that’ (=what, that
which) in Chaucer’s Troylus ; whence, in an imitative pas-
sage by Lydgate, in an absolute construction more liable to
misunderstanding ; Lydgate’s dorryng do was misprinted in
the 16th c. editions (1513 and 1555) derv-ynge do, in which form
it was picked up by Spenser and misconstrued as a subst.
phrase, explained in the Glossary to the Sheph. Cal. as
manhood and chevalrie’. Modern romantic writers, led b:
Sir W. Scott, have taken it from Spenser, printed it derrin,
do, and accentuated the erroneous use. -
€ 1374 Cuaucer 77oylus v. 837 Mb foo was neuere yn-to
no wight ..in no degre secounde, In dorryng don [v.77
duryng do, dorynge to do] bat longeth to a knyght .. His
herte ay wib pe firste and wip be beste Stod paregal, to dorre
DERVISH.
don [v. 77, durre to do, dore don] that hym leste. 1430 Lync.
Chron. Troy u. xvi.(MSS. Digby 232 If. 56 a/2; 230 If. 81 a/1),
And parygal, of manhode and of dede, he [Troylus] was to
any pat I can of rede, In dorryng [v. x7. doryng(e] do, this
noble worby wyght, Ffor to fulfille pat longeb to a kny3t,
The secounde Ector .. he called was. [edd. 1513, 1555
In derrynge do, this noble worthy wyght.] 1579 SpENsrR
Sheph, Cal. Oct. 65 For ever who in derring doe were dreade,
‘The loftie verse of hem was loved aye. [Gloss., In derring
doe, in manhood and chevalrie.) — /é7d. Dec. 43, I durst
in derring do [y7sfr, to] compare With shepheards swayne.
1590 — #, Q. 1. iv. 42 Drad for his derring doe and bloody
deed. 1596 /é7d. vi. v. 37 A man of mickle name, Renowned
much in armes and derring doe. 1820 Scorr /vanhoe xxix,
Singular. .if there be two who can do a deed of such derring-
do. [Note. Derring-do, desperate courage.) 1843 Lytton
Last Bar.t. vi, Such wonders and derring-do are too solemn
for laughter. 1866 G. W. Dasent Gis?i 107 Such a deed of
derring-do would long be borne in mind, 1885 Burton Arad,
Nts. (1887) III. 433 Who is for duello, who is for derring-do,
who is for knightly devoir? P
So + Derring doers, daring doers; + Derring-
deed ; + DER-DOING, q.v.
1596 Spenser /’. Q. 1v. ii. 38 Dreadful derring dooers. 1633
P. Frercuer Purple Jsl. v1. v. 66 ‘Vhat Mantuan swain, who
chang’d his slender reed .. From Corydon to ‘Turnus derring-
deed.
Derringer (derindga1). U.S. [from the sur-
name of the inventor, a gunsmith in U.S.]_ A small
pistol with large bore, very effective at short range.
Also attrib.
1856 B. Harte Poems, Dow's Flat, With a shovel and pick
on his shoulder, and a derringer hid in his breast. 1876
Besant & Rice Gold. Butterfly Prol., Yo have both bowie
and Derringer ready to hand. 1890 Cen/ury Mag. Jan.
435/t A large derringer bullet had entered the back of the
head [of Pres. Lincoln]. '
Jig. 1890 Daily News 4 Dec. 5/2 Tiny tomes, literary der-
ringers for the waistcoat pocket.
Derry (deri). A meaningless word in the
refrains of popular songs; ence, a ballad or set
of verses.
@1553 Upatt Royster D. . iii, (Arb.) 36 With chip and
cherie Heyh derie derie. 1860 Borrow Sleeping Bard 50
If one can patch together any nonsensical derry, he is styled
a graduate bard.
Derth(e, obs. form of DEARTH.
Derue: see DERF @., DERVE v.
+Deruwncinate, v. 00s. rare~°.
stem of L. déruncinare to plane off.]
1656 Biount Glossogr., Deruncinate, to cut off or pill away
that which is superfluous.
Hence + Deruncination.
1706 Puituips (ed. Kersey), Deruncination(in Husbandry),
a cutting off Trees, Bushes, etc. or any thing that incumbers
the Ground. Hence in Battery, Asu, etc.
Deruralize: see Dr- II. 1.
Derure, compar. of Derr a. Obs.
+ Derve, v. Ods. Forms: 1 deorfan, 2-4
derue(n; fa ¢. 3 derfde, 4 deruede ; fa. pfle. 3
idoruen, idorve, iderued, 4 deruet. [ME. derven
str. and weak ; the str. vb. app. = OE. deorfan (pa.
t. dearf, durfon, pa. pple. dorfen) to labour: besides
this there probably existed a causal weak vb. dzer-
San (dterfde) to cause to labour, afflict, grieve ;
confusion of this with the strong vb., as in Bury,
etc. would account for the ME. forms and sense.
OE. deorfan was app. cognate with the stem of
OF ris. forderva, and OLFrankish fardurvon, transl.
‘perierunt’ Ps. xxii. 19.]
L. ¢ntr. To labour. (Only in OE.)
a@rooo in Thorpe Hom. II. 516/26 (Bosw.) Ne widcwede
ic to deorfenne gyt, gif ic nydbehefe eom gyt dinum folce.
2. ¢rans. To trouble, grieve, hurt, afflict, molest.
c 1205 Lay. 8731 Hunger him derfde. /d/d. 18715 Swide
he murnede, his mod wes iderued. @ 1225 Ancr. KR. 106 He
was idoruen in alle his odre wittes. @1240 Lofsong in Cott.
Hom. 21 Ppinge pat me derued mest. c 1320 Cast. Love 676
None kunnes asaylyng Ne may him deruen. a@ 1375 Yoseph
Arim. 47 Beo pou no ping a-dred, for non schal pe derue.
absol. ax2z25 Ancr. RX. 112 A lutel ihurt i pen efe derued
more ben ded a muchel ide hele. 7 '
+Derverye. Olds. rare. [a. OF. derverie,
desverte, madness, f, derver, desver, to lose one’s
reason, go mad, (Cf. Kcerting, 2441.)] Madness.
1480 Caxton Ovid's Met. x. vii, Withdrawe thyn herte fro
such rage and derverye.
Dervish (dé1vif). Forms: 6-9 dervis, 7-9
dervise, (7 dervice, dervys, dervisse, -iche,
dervize, derwis, darvish, derveesh), 7— der-
vish, (8 derwish, 9 dirvesh, darwesh, dur-
waysh,-weesh). [a. Pers. i) 139 darvésh, darvish
poor, a religious mendicant, a friar, in Arab. dar-
wesh, darwish, Turkish dervish, the latter being
the immediate source of the European forms: cf.
It. dervis, F. dervis, derviche (in 1559 derviss), Sp.
derviche, Ger. derwisch. Some of the variant
spellings represent Arabic and Persian forms of the
word. (The native Arabic equivalent is hs Sagir
poor, fakir.)] 1
A Mohammedan friar, who has taken vows of
poverty and austere life. Of these there are various
orders, some of whom are known from their fan-
tastic practices as dancing or whirling, and as
howling dervishes.
30*
[f. ppl.
DERWENTER.
Pr Ap Wasutncton tr. Nicholay's Voy. m1, xvii: 102 The
sect of the religious Turkes called Dervis. did.
102 b, These devoute Dervis live of almes. 1625 Purcnas
Pilgrims U1. 1x. 1611 An order of Derueeshes, that turne
round with Musike in their Diuine Seruice, 1632 Lirncow
Trav. vu. 316 Priests called Darvishes, 1635 Pacitr Chris-
tianogr. 1. iii. (1636) 200 A Dervice, or religious man of
theirs. Sir T, Hersert Trav. (1677) he Dervisse
an order of
ing Friar. 1728 Morcan A /giers I. vi. 186
A _wanderin, Dictate a devout Moor. 1 Trav. C.
Thompson Til. 267 They are not the dancing ises, of
which Sort there are none in Egypt. 1818 Jas, Mitt Brit,
India 1, ut. iii. 510 A Dirvesh, or professor of piety. 1821
Byron }uan 1. xxix, Like dervises, who turn as on a pivot.
1832 G. A. Herxtors tr. Customs Moosulmans 206 The first
class of a is denominated Sadik. 1847 Emerson
Poems, Saadi Wks. (Bohn) 1. 475 Barefooted Dervish is not
poor, If fate unlock his bosom's door. 1852 E, B. Eastwick
tr. Bagh o Bahdr 10 Adventures of the Four Darweshes.
1869 Pall Mall G. 7 Jan. 10 Whirling about all round you
like dancing dervishes. 1877 A. B. Epwarps Up Nile ii. 37
And now, their guttural chorus audible long before they
arrived in sight, came the howling dervishes.
attrib, 1704 J. Pitts Acc. Mahometans vii. (1738) 125
Give themselves up toa Dervise sort of Life. HAFF
Encycl. Relig. Knowl, W11, 1810 This pantheistic dervish
system.
Hence De‘rvishhood, the estate or condition of
adervish. De-rvishism, the principles and prac-
tice of the Dervishes; the Dervish system. Der-
vish-like a.
1850 Mrs. Jameson Leg. Monast. Ord. Introd. (1863) 22
Asceticism .. strangely uncouth, and dervish-like. 1865
Sat. Rev. 4 Feb. 144/2 Dr. Vambery wandered, because he
has the genuine wild spirit of Dervishism strong within him,
1884 BrowninG Ferishtah g Half-way on Dervishhood, not
wholly there.
Derwenter (d31wéntar). Australia. [named
from the river Derwent in Tasmania, on the banks
of which was a convict settlement.] A released
convict.
1884 Bo_prewoop A/elb, Mem. xx. 140 An odd pair of
Sawyers, generally ‘ Derwenters’ as the Tasmanian expirees
were called. 1892 in Lentzner Australian |W ord-bk, 20.
Dery, Deryge, obs. forms of Datry, DirGe.
Derye, var. DERE v. Ods., to hurt.
Des, obs. form of Das, Dice.
Des- in obs. words: see DEc-, DEsc-, DEss-, Dis-.
Des- prefix. Regular Romanic form of L. dis-,
in Olt., Sp., Pg., Pr., OF r.; in mod.Fr. retained (as
dés-) before a vowel or silent 2 (déshadil/é), other-
wise reduced to dé- (OF. descharge, mod. décharge).
In some cases apparently representing a late L. de-
ex-, for L.ex-. Partly from the frequent substitution
of dts-, des-, for L. dé- in late L. and Romanic (see
De- prefix 6), partly through the phonetic reduction
of des- to dé- in later French, the two prefixes have
in that language largely fallen together under the
mod.¥. d@é-, Early OF. words passed into English
with the prefix in the form des- (gescharge, ME.
descharge); here it was sometimes, in conformity
with later OF. pronunciation, reduced to de- (OF.
desmembre, demembre, ME. demembre); but usually
the s was retained, and the prefix at length changed
back to the L. type dzs- (discharge, dismembre, also
spelt dys-) as was also done to some_extent in
French itself (descorde, now discorde).
In English, therefore, des- is merely the earlier
form of Dis- in words from OF., e g. desarm, des-
blame, descharge, desclaundre, descolour, desdain,
. desembogue, desere (=deshetr), deserite (disherit),
desgyse, deshonour, desinteressed, desjoyne, desjune,
desmail, desmay, desmesure, desordein, desordere,
desparage, desparple, despend, despense, despeople,
desplay, desport, despreve (=disprove), despute,
desray, destempre, desturb, destribute, etc. All
these have a later form in D1s-, under which they
are treated in this Dictionary, Only a few words
became obsolete before dis- forms appeared. The
prefix is exceptionally retained in descant, and it
is occasionally found for Dx- before a vowel, in
chemical terms from modern French, as desoxalic,
desoxybenzoin, + desoxydate. In despatch, modern
var. of Dispatcu, the spelling des- is not historical,
but originated in an 18th c. etymological error.
There are many words beginning with des- in which the
s belongs to the root-word, and the P sserr is de-,as descry,
describe, descend, deserve, despair, despite, despoil, destroy.
From confusion of these with words in which des- is the pre-
fix, they also were in late ME, often spelt with dis- (discry,
discribe, etc.). And, onthe other hand, words in @7- followed
by s- were sometimes confused with words in dis- prefix,
and so also written des- (destinct, destress, etc.). Both these
errors have been corrected in the later orthography.
+ Desacrate, v. Ols. rare—°. [f. L. désacrat-,
ppl. stem of désacrare to consecrate,
1727 Baier vol. II, 70 Desacrate, to consecrate or dedi-
cate,
Desaife, Desait(e, obs. ff. Decrive, DEcrrr.
+ Desa‘rcinate, v. Ols. rare—°. [f. D-II. 1
+L, sarcina bundle, burden, *sarcindre to burden
(sarcinatus burdened).]
—- Biount Glossogr., Desarcinate, to unload, or un-
burthen, to catanghee ; :
234
Hence Desarcination.
1730-6 Battey (folio), Desarcination, a taking of baggage,
an unloading. Hence in Asn.
Desarde, obs. form of Diczr.
1538 Bate 7hre Lawes 1396 Counterfet desardes.
Sa obs. form of Desert, DEssERT.
Desaster, obs. form of DisAsTER.
Desate, Desave, obs. ff. Decrrr, DEcEIvE.
Desaxonize: see Dr- II. 1.
Desayue, Desayvabel, obs. forms of DECEIVE,
- ABLE.
Desblame,.var. of DIsBLaME v. Ods.
Desc-, obs. spelling of Deo-, Des-, Disc-, Diss-.
|| Des (deskamisa‘do). [Sp.; =
shirtless, f. des- =D18-+camisa shitt+-apo. Cf.
sans-culotte.| A nickname given to the ultra-
liberals in the Spanish revolutionary war of 1820-23,
and still sometimes used in an analogous sense.
1823 Blackw. Mag. X1V. 514 Men of liberal ideas, and ..
members of the Descamisados. 1827 Harr Guesses Ser. 11.
(1867) 542 What is the folly of the descamisados but man's
stripping himself of the fig-leaf. 1877 Wraxatt //ugo's
Miserables 1. xxiii. 12 We are going to the abyss, and the
descamisados have led us to it.
Descant (de'sként), sd. Forms: 4-5 des-
chaunt, 5-6 dyscant, 6-9 dis-, 6- descant. [a.
OF. deschant (13th c. and in Cotgr.), also ONF.
descaunt, descant, rarely dis-, mod.¥. déchant, = Pr.
deschans, Sp. discante, Pg. descante, ad. med.L.
discant-us part-song, refrain, descant, f. L. dis-
asunder, apart + cantus singing, song. The form
directly from OF. was used by Wyclif; a form in
dis- immediately from L. occurs from the 15th c.,
and would be normal for English (see D1s-).]
I. Music. Now only Hist., or poet.
1. A melodious accompaniment to a simple
musical theme (the f/ainsong), sung or played,
and often merely extemporized, above it, and thus
forming an air to its bass: the earliest form of
counterpoint.
hal ycLir Wks. (1880) 77 Grete crying of song as
deschaunt, contre note and orgene. ?¢1475.Sg7. lowe Degre
790 Your quere nor organ songe shall wante, With countre
note, and dyscant. 1501 Doucas Pad. Hon,1. xiii, I play
and sing, Fabourdoun, pricksang, discant, countering. 1591
Suaks. Two Gent. 1. i. 94 You are too flat, And marre the
concord, with too harsh a descant. 1595 Srenser Efithal. v,
The merry Larke hir mattins sings aloft; The Thrush re-
plyes; the Mavis descant playes, 1683 CHALKHILL 7healma
& Cl. 100 Sweet lays Wrought with such curious descant as
would raise Attention ina stone. 1762 Cuurcuitt Poems,
Proph. Famine, The youth .. skill’d in rustic lays, Fast by
her side his am'rous descant plays. 1881 MAcFARREN
Counterp.i. 1 Descant seems to have been the art of im-
provising a melodic accompaniment to a fixed song.
Jig. 1641 Wither in R. Palmer Bh. of Praise xxvii. 28
To this Concert when we sing Whistling winds your descants
bring. 1659 Rownotuam Gate Lang. Uni. Pref. (1664)
E vij, The descant of meeter hath often corrupted the plain-
song of truth. 1865 F. G. Lee Direct. Angl. § 116. 110
Canticles (a descant of praise on the Lessons).
+b. Base descant, binding descant: see quots,
Double descant: double counterpoint. Plain des-
cant: pa or simple counterpoint. Ods.
1597 Mortey /ntrod. Mus. 76 awe, ee notes for
DESCANT.
5. An instrumental prelude, consisting of varia
tions on a given ’ ;
Mitton Educ., Exercise, While the skilful Organist
ies hi and fancied descant in lofty F
Blac Ch oyu 58 foot-n., By Discant, the Masiciane of
ig. 1806-7 J. Beresrorp Miseries Hum. Life (1826) xvii,
204 That liar speci prelusive flourish, or d
with which Reviewers are accustomed to usher in the Per-
formance under immediate examination.
II. Transferred uses: often with distinct refer-
ence to the plainsong or ground, and in the phrases
run or sing descant.
+6. Variation from that which is ical or
customary; an instance of this. Shift of descant :
a change of ‘ tune’, i.e. of argumentative position,
1563-87 Foxe A. & MM. (1684) III. 621 Whereas you say,
they eat it spiritually, that is but a blind shift of descant.
1581 J. Bevt //. 's Answ. Osor, 119 Osorius lacketh
not a shift of descante here, thinkyng thereby to craze the
force of veritie. 1633 P. Frercuer Purple /s/. vin. xliv. 117
Runnes nimble d on the plaii vices. 1642 Futter
Holy & Prof. St.m. xiii. 184 Running, Leaping, and Danc-
ing, the descants on the rey song of walking. a 1661 —
Worthies (1840) 1. 224 Their {basket} making is daily im-
proved with much descant of art. Ba fd Appison Sfect. No.
543 P 4 Providence has shewn.. Wisdom. .in the multiplicity
of Descants which it has made on every Original Species.
7. Varied comment on a theme, amplification of
a subject; a comment, criticism, observation, re-
mark ; + occas. censorious criticism, carping (pds.}.
1594 Suaks. Rich. ///, ui. vii. 49 On that ground Ile make
aholy Descant. 1599 Nasue Lenten Stuffe (1871) 36 The
wantoner sort of them sing descant on their mistress’s
1630 Bratuwait Eng. Gentlem. (1641) 320 Let not calumny
runne descant on your tongue. Furrer Holy War u.
xlvi. (1840) 114 Roger Hoveden’s witty descant on the time.
1642 Rocers Naaman 209 If thy Religion should cost thee
some disgrace, scorne and descant. 1 H. L’Estrance
| Chas. I (1655) 7 It doth. .render King Charles obnoxious to
| untoward and sinister descants. a 1677 Barrow Serm.Wks.
1716 I. 29 Neither shall I make any descant or reflection
thereon. 1710 Moderation & Loyalty of the Dissenters
ee 3 Rendering Things worse than they were b:
Partiallity and Discant. 1 WPER Jask 1. 77 Wi
merry descants on a nation’s woes, 1820 Sue.iey Let. to
Maria Gisborne Poet. Wks. (1891) 373/t There are themes
enough for many a bout Of thought-entangled descant.
b. A disquisition, dissertation, discourse,
| 16a2 Donne Serm. xvi. 162 The fathers have infinitely
delighted th 1 in this Di the bl 1 effect of
holy teares, 1667 Waternouse /ire Lond. 177 O remember
the Prophetical descant of glorious King James. 1713
Appison Guardian No. 102 After this short descant on the
uncertainty of our English weather. 179 Paine Rights of
Max (ed. 4) 46, 1 have now to follow Mr. Burke op pam
sort of descant wy governments. 1841 D'IsraeLt Amen,
Lit. (1867) 196 He instructed the world by ethical descants.
III. 8. attrib, and Comd, descant-clef, the
soprano or treble clef; descant-viol, the treble
viol, or violin, which Hs the air or soprano part.
1728 Nortn Mem. of: ‘usick (1846) 67 No wonder .. that
organs .. with the at last d the
churches.
one in the descant .. is cc i g
Ibid. 86 Base descant .. is that kinde of descanting, where,
your sight of taking and vsing your cordes must be vnder
the plainsong. /d/d.105 Double descant. .is verie neere the
nature ofa Conon. which being sung after diuers sortes, by
changing the partes, maketh diuers manners of harmonie.
2. The soprano or highest part of the score in
part-singing.
1569 J. Sanrorp tr. Agripfpa’s Van. Artes 30 While the
children braie the Discante. 1609 Dovtanp Ornithop.
Microl, 83 Discantus is the rmost part of each Song.
1644 Sir E. Derinc PYop. Sacr. Ciij, Children neigh forth
the descant. 1882-3 Scuarr Encycl, Relig. Knowl. 111, 2025
Composed for three voices—descant, tenor, and bass,
3. gen. A warbled song, a melodious strain.
1576 Gascoicne Philomene 6 To heare the descant of the
Nightingale, 1625 Witner Sheph. Hunt, pr peed:
393 The cage doth some birds And... Will teach them
sweeter descants than the wood. 1742 Gray Sonnet on
Death of West 3 The birds in vain their amorous descant
join. 1877 Bryant Poems, Waiting by Gate ii, 1 hear the
wood-thrush piping one low descant more.
4. The art of singing or writing music in parts ;
musical composition, harmony ; also, a harmonized
harmony with a fixed theme; gen. to warble, sing
lannsoade; also in phr. ¢o descant it. ;
ing you must .. cordes. ye
(re 3) 772 They will. .sing so sweetly, and withall descant it
so faely and tunably,
Dict. Mu . 1. Gyo Tile nie siote of Geeataeg 1887 Bowrn
ic ‘S.
Virg. aa ord vi. 8, I with upon sylvan
themes descant.
+b. trans. mnt in ‘ descant’ (words, etc.).
1538 Starkey Zng 1. iv. 134 The wordys [of Church
music] be so straunge and so dyuersely descantyd.
2. intr. To make remarks, comments, or observa-
as to comment (on, upon, + of a text, theme,
etc.).
those crosse beginnings. 1649 Miro ¢
on the misfortunes of 4 Person fall'n from ar pele com-
ting together of sundry voices or ds for ig of
harmony.. But in this signification it is seldome vsed.
Into a descant of her own Hath 4
3871 0. Rev. No. 261. 158 The notion of playing two different
notes in successive harmony to one of longer duration, or
the art of descant, had not occurred to any one, 1882
Rockstro in Grove Dict. Music 111, 269 [Counterpoint] was
«. evol! slow from Diaphonia, Discant, and
Organum,
x Nigeser ang * at, I,
d t upon thei ats its. 179%
Jacun 5 Aug. = ae, He used to descant critically on
the di§hes which been at table, 1850 Kincstey Alt,
Locke vi, He ran on descanting coarsely on beauties,
b. To discourse at large, enlarge (fon, on a
ae evinont nea Les ‘The friar rather des-
Fu Worthi f
eel een aan one ee Kames in M. Donovan
73
his address in catchi animal. 1791 Gouv, Morris
in Seats L $ Writ (832) I. 353 AvbPSyeris, of
\ with much self-sufficiency on go 7
DESCANTER.
362 Johnson never accustomed himself to descant on the
ingratitude of mankind. 1878 GLapstonr Prim. Homer 9
It was the bard’s duty to descant upon the freshest and
most interesting subjects.
+3. ¢rans. To comment on, discourse about,
discuss ; occas. to criticize, carp at. Ods.
1627 F. E. Hist. Edw. JI (1680) 53 Where they might des-
cant their griefs, 1642 Rocers Naaman 376 Such secrets as
these must be .. adored, not descanted. a 1649 Drumm. or
Hawrn. Poems Wks. (1711) 31 But who can descant right
your grave aspects ? " eek x
+4. intr. To work with intricate variation ov ;
to fashion with artistic skill. Ods. rare.
a@ 1661 FULLER Worthies (1840) I. 397 Lace, costing nothing
save a little thread descanted on by art and industry. Zd7d.
III. 90 The God of nature is pleased to descant on a plain
hollowness with such wonderful contrivances,
Descanter (déskentaz). [f. prec. + -ER1.]
1. One who sings or plays the ‘descant’. Ods.
exc. Hist.
1538 Starkey England 1. iii. 80 Curyouse descanterys and
deuysarys of new songys. 1597 Mortey /xtrod. Mus. 70
A Descanter..[is] one that can extempore sing a part upon
a playne song. 1879 Parry in Grove Dict, Mus. I. 671 De
uris. .speaks with great bitterness of extempore descanters.
2. One who holds forth or discourses.
be Foster £ss. 1v. iv. 180 A descanter on the invisible
world who makes you think of a popish cathedral.
Descanting (déskz«ntin), vd/. 5d. [fas prec.
+-ING1.] The action of the vb. DrscanT: a.
singing in ‘descant’; b. commenting, disquisi-
tion.
1538 Starkey England 1. iv.137 Our Curyouse dyscantyng
and conteryng [frznfed canteryng]in Churchys. 1561 Daus
tr. Bullinger on Afpoc. (1573) 12 A wonderfull descantyng
vpon letters. 1575 Brief Disc. Troubles Franckford (1846)
206 The trollinge and descantinge off the Psalmes. 1680
Burnet Rochester (T.), The descantings of fanciful men
upon them [the Scriptures]. 1851 GLapstone Géean, VI.
xxi. 14, I waive descanting on personal qualities.
Desca‘nting, #//. a. [f. as prec. + -ING*.]
Commenting, criticizing: in quot. criticizing cen-
soriously, carping.
1594 J. Dickenson Avisbas (1878) 28 ‘To shield me from
_ the descanting verdites of such vnfriendly readers.
Descater, obs, form of DisscarreER v.
Descece, -ces(s, obs. forms of DECEASE.
Desceit, desceiue, obs. ff. Decrir, DECEIVE.
+ Desce'nce, desce'nse. 02s. Forms: 4
dissence, 5 descens, dyscens, 5-6 descense, 6
discence, 6-7 descence. [Two forms: ME.
descens, a. OF. descens masc., ad. L. déscensus
descent, descending, f. déscendére; also ME. ae-
scense, a. OF. descense fem., ad. late L. type déscensa
(déscésa), fem. sb. f. déscensus, pa. pple. of déscen-
dére, analogous to sbs. in -ata, -ada, -ée: cf. It.
descesa, The spelling descence app. represents the
descens form : see DEFENCE.]
1. A going or coming down; =DEscENT I.
1543 Wecess. Doctr. in Formul, Faith 234 lesu Christ's
life, death, burial, and descense to hell. 1582-8 /ist.
James VI (1804) 278 In his discence .. he come fornent the
Colledge of Justice. 1600 Asp, Assor Exp, Yonah 219 We
all do hold the article of Christ’s descense into Hell.
b. Extension downwards: cf. DESCEND v. 2.
1578 Banister Hist, Man 1. 8 The descense of y* Sagittal
Suture is not common either in Than or woman.
2. concr. A downward slope; a way down; =
Descent 2, 2 b.
a3440 Found. St. Bartholomew's 40 From the highe
descense of heuynnes .. hedir I descende. 1618 Botton
Florus u. vi. 108 The very jawes of the first descence from
the Alps into Italy. :
3. fe a. ? Dejection, depression of spirits.
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 166 b, In suche descense
it [the mynde] is moost apte to distraccyons & waueryng
fantasyes. ‘
b. Bringing down or lowering in estimation ;
depreciation.
1g60 Rottanp Crt. Venus 1. 287 That hir honour distres
thoill nor ruine : Nor suffer it in na way haif discence.
4. a. Genealogical extraction; =DEscENT 7.
¢1425 Wyntoun Cron. 1x. xxvi. 106 In lineale Descens fra
Sanct Margret. 1432-50 tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 281 Soe the
linealle descense of the B show tf or kynrede of Feramundus
faylede by men, 1513 Brapsuaw St. Werburge u. 1212 Son
to duke Leoffwin Lda discence. 1§13 DoucLas “nets
ut. iii, 39 From that ilk prince..Is the descence of our
genealogy. 2
b. Transmission by inheritance ; = DESCENT Io.
¢ 1380 Wycuir Sed. Wks. II. 402 Dissence of heritage.
Descend (disend), v. Also 4 dessende, di-
send, dyssente, decend, 4-7 discend(e, 4-6
descende, (5-6 dyscend), (6 desend). a. ¢.
and pple, descended; 4-5 descend, 5 discent,
6 discend. [a. F. descend-re (11th c, in Littré)
=Pr. deissendre, It. descendere, Sp. descender :—L.
descendtre, f. Dr- I. 1 + scandére to climb. In
early times often treated as if the prefix were Dxs-
(q-v.) and the stem -cend, -send, -end, whence the
variant spellings in ds-, dys-, de-.]
I. Intransitive senses.
* To move down or into a lower position.
1. To move or pass from a higher to a lower
position.in space; to come or. go down, fall, sink.
235
(The general word, including all kinds of down-
ward motion, vertical or oblique; the opposite of
ascend.)
1325 Prose Psalter x\viii. 18 [xlix. 17] His glorie ne shal
nou3t descenden wyp hym. c1325 Z. £. Addit. P. A. 626
As sone as bay arn borne bylyue In be water of baptem bay
dyssente. a@ 1330 Roland § V’. 131 Pan decended a liztnesse,
Doun riztes fram pe heuen blis. 1393 Gower Conf. IIT. 94
The moist droppes of the rein Descenden into middel erthe.
c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 143 Pat he may not discende
downward. cx1450 Mirour Saluacioun 505 A man some
tyme fro Jerusalem descendande. 1590 Six J. Smytu Disc.
Weapons 35, Those furious Rebells .. descended downe
their hil with such a furie. 1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s
Eromena 193, 1 passed to the Nile descending on it at my
leasure to the sea. 1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto’s Trav. xxiil.
86 ‘The water iebcundeY up so high that when it came to
descend again it fell as small as dew. /d/d. Ixi. 251 ‘The
two Priests descended from their Pulpits. 1728 PemperTon
Newton's Philos. 194 The earth in moving round the sun
is continually descending toward it. 1790 W. WriGute
Grotesque Archit. 7 The two wings..are each descended to
by a flight of four steps. 1823 F. Cxissorp Ascent Mt.
Blane 19 From the heights of the mountain .. immense
avalanches often descend. 1875 Bryce Holy Rom. Emp.
iv. (ed. 5) 44 In the autumn of 799 Charles descended from
the Alps once more. ~
b. fig. said of immaterial agents, influences, etc.
a 1300 Cursor M. 10884 (Cott.) And godds might in be [sal]
descend. ¢ 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) ix. 36 Intill his awen
heued his wikkidness schall descend. ?a1g00 I/ycket (1828)
p. xiv, Ye say that the manhoode of Christe descendeth into
eche part of euery hoost. 1725 Pore Odyss.1v. 1012 And on
the suitors let thy wrath descend. 1806 J. Fornes Lett. /*.
France 11. 400 The shades of evening began to descend.
1871 R. Extis Catudlus |, 10 Sleep nor quiet upon my eyes
descended. 2
+e. To disembark, land from a vessel; to alight
from a horse, carriage, etc. Ods. (as a specific sense).
¢1477 Caxton ¥ason 73b, They ben in entencion for to
descende in colchos. cx [see DescenpinG véd. sb. 1).
1513 Doucias 42ne/s vu. 1. 22 To schaw..How Troianis
war discend in Latium. 1548 Hatt Chron. 176 b, They left
their horses, & discended to fight on fote. 1600 E. BLount
tr. Conestageio 263 Having viewed the [and fortified on all
parts where he might descend.
d. Astron., etc. Of a heavenly body: (a) To
move towards the horizon, sink. (4) To move
southwards ; see also DESCENDING Af/. a. 5.
1391 Cuaucer Astrol. u. § 12 Than fond I the[2] degree
of libra. .dessending on my west Orisonte. ¢ 1500 Lancelot
972 The sone discending closit in the vest. 1559 W. CuNNING-
HAM Cosmogr. Glasse 23 The signes in equall tymes do
ascend and descende. 1667 Miron P. ZL. 1v. 541 The setting
Sun Slowly descended. 1690 Leysourn Curs, Math. 832
Mars. .from the Northern limit. .to ¢?..is North descending.
1830 Hoce lodden Field, Sol with broadened orb descend-
ing Left fierce warriors still contending. 1882 SHARPLESS
Astron. 21 If these northern or circumpolar stars be watched
..such as are to the west of the pole will descend,
te. Zo descend into or within oneself: to betake
oneself to deep meditation or consideration. Ods.
a1572 Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. (1846) I. 338 To move the
hartis..of the trew servandis of God..to discend within
thame selfis and deiplie to considder quhat shalbe the end of
this pretended tyranny. 1594 T. B. La Primaud, Fr.
Acad, 11. 11 Those Philosophers that..descended not into
themselues, to know themselues and their nature. 1671
Mitton P. R. 1. 111 The while her Son..with holiest
meditations fed, Into himself descended, and at once All his
great work to come before him set. ;
2. transf. To have a downward extension, direc-
tion, or slope; to slope or extend downwards.
c1391 Cuaucer Astrol. 1. § 4 A lyne pat cometh dessend-
inge fro the ryng down to the gethieeste bordure. ¢ 1400
Maunpev. (1839) xxv. 259 It strecchethe toward the West
+ descendynge toward the litille Armenye. 1600 J. Pory
tr. Leo's Africa 11. 236 Their streetes either descend or
ascend, which is verie troublesome. 1684 R. H. School
Recreat. 120 The dash Lines..are added only when the
Notes ascend above the Staff, or descend below it. 1798
H. Sxrine Tours Wales 155 With a gateway at each ex-
tremity, as the hill descends. 1894 Christian World 27 Sep.
712/t To your right .. the fields descend from your feet to
the Chesil Beach.
Jig. 1678 Cupwortn Jxtell, Syst. 445 See, how the order
and chain of this government descends down by steps and
degrees, from the ones God to the Earth and Men.
3. To come down with or as a hostile force; to
make an incursion or attack ; to fall violently zor.
(Cf. ComE down g.)
1430 Lyps. Bochas 1, viii. (1544) 15 b, Zisara, which was
discendid doun With a great hoost. 1548 Hatt Chron. 227 b,
The kyng of England your master, is neither descended in
these es of his owne fre mocion, nor yet of us requyred.
1600 E. Biount tr. Conestaggio 188 That the Turke woulde
descend upon his realme of Naples 1887 Bowen Virg.
neid 1. 527 Not upon Libya's hearths to descend wit
sword and with fire. 7
+4. fig. To submit, yield. Ods. rare.
¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 134 In pes with 30w to
lyue, & at 30ur conseil descend. bid, 270 To what manere
oes pe parties wille descend. an
. To proceed (in discourse or writing) to some-
thing subsequent in time or order, or (esf.) from
generals to particulars.
1340 Ayenb. 123 Erpan ich decendi to pe uirtues bet by ep
contraries to be zeue zennes. ¢ 1380 Wycur Sed. Wks. 111.
513 To discende doun in eee fful mane articlis..ben
openly contrarie to pe apostlis reule. 1576 Freminc Panopl.
Ppist, 406 From thence hee descendeth to particular affayres,
ax617 Hieron Ws. II. 461 By these degrees did our Sauiour
discend to this s 1630 PryNNE Anti-Armin. 79
Descend we unto Edward the VI his pious Raigne. 1657
Jj. Smiru Myst. Rhet. Ab, Whereby we having spoken of
DESCEND.
a thing in general, descend unto particulars. 1797 Burke
egic. Peace iii, Wks. VIII. 380 But let us descend to par-
ticulars. 1827 Macaucay Ess., Machiavelli (1854) 32/1
Historians rarely descend to those details from which alone
the real state of a community can be collected.
6. ‘To come down ideally, mentally, or morally ;
to condescend, stoop (40 do something) ; usually in
bad sense, to stoop to something unworthy.
1554-9 I. Waterton in Songs §& Ball. Ph. & Mary
(1860) 9 Hath made wronge ryght, and from the truth
desendyd. 1608 Br. Haut Char. Virtues & V. 1. 54 If..
he descend to disports of chance, his games shall never
make him..pale with feare. 1626 in Rushw. Hist. Codd.
(1639) I. 225 He hath descended to make this Explanation.
1707 Norris 77eat. Husnility iii.g9 ‘To see men..descend
to the meanest and unworthiest compliances. 1752 JouNSON
Rambler No, 208 3, I have seldom descended to the arts
by which favour is obtained. 1813 Byron Giaour xxxii,
Not oft tosmile descendeth he, 1829 Blackw. Mag. XXVI.
599 Wordsworth. .descends to such babyisms. 1853 Lyncu
Self-Improv. y. 129 A man should never descend to his
company, but he should condescend to it.
7. To go or come down, fall, or sink, in any scale.
1608-11 Bre. Hatt Medit. § Vowes u. § 78 Winter comes
on softly, first by colde dewes, then hoare frostes, untill at
last it descende to the hardest weather of all. a 1625
Fietcuer Fa/se One v, ii, Thy glories now have touch’d
the highest point, And must descend.
b. Afusic. To proceed to a lower note; to go
down the scale.
1597 Mortey /xtrod. Mus, 81 It is ynpossible to ascende
or descende in continuall deduction without a discord, 1674
Prayrorp S222 Mus. ut. 4 If the Notes descend a second.
1706 A. Beprorp Temple Alus. ix. 176 A Tune, which con-
sisted of only Three Notes in Compass, Rising gradually in
the first Part, and descending. .in the Second. 1848 RimBauLt
First Bk. Piano 35 In the Major Scale the two semitones
retain their situations, both ascending and descending.
ec. A/ath. Of series: To proceed from higher to
lower quantities or powers. See DESCENDING Afi.
ae
1876 E. Brooks Philos. Arith. 347 The sum of the terms
of an infinite series descending equals the first term divided
by 1 minus the rate.
** To come down by generation or inheritance.
8. To be derived in the way of generation; to
come of, spring from (an ancestor or ancestral
stock). a. simply fo descend (from or of. Now
rare in active voice.
1375 Barsour Bruce 1. 61 Ony male That were in lyne
ewyn descendand. ¢1425 Wyntoun Cro. 1. xvii. 2 Fra
Sem discendand lynealy. 1509 Fisner /'n. Sern. C tess
Richmond Wks, (1876) 290 ‘Vhey..which descended of noble
lygnage. 1600 SHaxs. 4. V. 2.1. ii. 241 Vhou should’st haue
better pleas’d me with this deede, Hadst thou descended
from another house. 1780 Jonnson 1. 72., Congreve, William
Congreve descended fon a family in Staffordshire. 1788
Grsson Decl. & F. (1846) IV. xli. 36 Although ‘Theodatus
descended from a race of heroes. :
b. Now nearly always in passive, fo de descended
(from, + of).
1386 Cuaucer Reeve's 7. 64. 1399 Rolls of Parit, U1.
423/1, I Henry of Lancastre..am disendit by right lyne
of the Blode comyng from the gude lord Kyng Henry
therde. cxz47o0 Harpinc C/ron. (Lansd. MS. 200 fol. 1) So
lynyall of his generacioun, 3e bene discent. 1513 DouGtas
/Eneis ut. ii. 54 O 3e dour pepill discend from Dardanus.
1581 Pertie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. i. (1586) 82 b, Sayd to bee
descended of Gentlemen. 1616 Surri. & Marku. Country
Farme 674 If a dog be not wel descended .. there can be
little hope of his goodnesse. 1711 STEELE Sfect. No. 78 P 8
We are descended of ancient Families. 1818 Cruise Digest
(ed. 2) III. 357 Such other collateral relations as were de-
scended from the person who first acquired it. :
ec. fig. To be derived, originate. (Const. as in
a and b.)
c1400 Afol. Loll. 2x Contumacy descendend of swilk
crime. 1645 N. Stone Enchir. Fortif. 81 It would be vain
to write the Etymologies of each word, much lesse those
descended of the Greeke. @1726 Cottirr Agst, Despair
(J.), Despair descends from a mean original ; the offspring
of fear, laziness, and impatience. :
+d. ¢rans. To trace down (lineage). Ods. rare.
1572 J. Jones Bathes of Bath, Whose Genealogie .. may
lineally be descended to your Honour.
9. intr. Of property, privileges, etc.: To come
down by way of inheritance ; to pass to an heir.
1486 Bk. St. Alban's, Her. C viij b, Bot the possessionis &
the patrimonyes descendid to other men, 1512 dct 4 Hen.
VIII, c.13 The premisses with ther appurtenaunces de-
cended unto John last Duke of Norff. 1631 Goucr God's
Arrows iii, § 93. 353. The Crowne and Kingdome by just
and unquestionable title descended on her. 1667 Ducness
or Newcastie Life Dk. N. (1886) 138 A good estate in the
west, which afterwards descended upon my Lord. 1668
Hare Pref. Rolle's Abridgem. 7 Lands in Fee-simple dis-
cend to the Uncle and not immediately to the Father. 1818
Cruise Digest (ed. 2) II. 445 The defendant .. pleaded ..
that the said reversion descended.
b. ézransf. Of personal qualities, etc.: To pass
by heredity ; to be transmitted to offspring.
1548 Hatt Chron. 226 Of a certayne privie canker engen-
dered in the hartes of their forefathers .. and after by lyneall
succession descended into the stomackes of their nephewes.
1713 STEELE Englishman No. 28. 182 The eternal Mark of
having had a wicked Ancestor descends to his Posterity.
1843 Lever ¥. Hinton iv. (1878) 20 Our principles may come
from our fathers; our prejudices certainly descend from the
female branch.
II. Transitive senses. [Not in L.; both in Fr.]
+10. (causal.) To cause to descend ; to bring or
send down. Ods. . ‘
1483 Caxton Gold, Leg. 21/1 Assoylle the ey
-2
whan
DESCEND.
thou descendest into helle them of thy partye. 1g09 Hawes
Past. Pleas. xxvu, xxi, 1 shew my power in every sundry
wyse, Some to ie and on some to aryse. 77
Feutruam Resolves 1. xiii. 22 As steps that d us
towards our Graues. 1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. i. iv.
267 The Seminal Tincture of the Herb .. being again de-
scended by Dews or Rain upon the .. Earth. 3
Jig. 1598, Barck.ey Felic. Man mi. (1603) 265 Christ .. de-
scended himselfe of the greatest nobilitie that ever was in
this world. foe .
+b. Old Chem. To distil ‘by descent’; see
Descent 1d. Oéds.
478 Rietey Comp. Alch. Ep. in Ashm, (1652) 115 First
Calcine, and after that Putrefye, Dyssolve, Dystill, Sublyme,
Descende, and Fyxe. é
11. To go or come down (a hill, wall, flight of
steps, etc.); to pass downwards over, along, or
through (a space).
1607 Torsett Four-/, Beasts (1658) 49 Descending the lists
of a second combate. 1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Ero-
mena 122 With a ladder of cords .. 5) ily descended the
walls, 1667 Mitton P. L. x11. 606 They both descend the
Hill. 1799 CoteBRooke in a (1873) 437 Laden on canoes
and small boats, to descend the Mahdnadi. 1807 Hutron
Course Math, 11. 151 To find the space descended bya body
in 7 seconds. 1891 E. Peacock NV. Brendon 1, 221 The two
women descended the steps.
+Desce'nd, 5. Os. rare. In 6 dyssende.
[f. prec. vb.] A descent; a downward slope.
1519 Presentm. Furies in Surtees Misc, (1890) 31 All
wattersewers and the dyssendis ber off .. be dykid.
Descendable : var. of DESCENDIBLE,
Descendance, -ence (d/se‘ndans). Now rare.
[a. F. descendance (13th c. in Littré), f. descend-re
to DESCEND: in earlier use often spelt -ence as in
med.L. déscendentia: see -ANCE, -ENCE.]
1, The action or fact of descending or springing
from a particular ancestor or origin; = DE-
SCENT 7.
1599 Minsueu Sf. Gram, 12 Eats .. this searching
out of originall and descendence of words. 1630 BratHwait
Eng. Gentlem. Ep. Ded., Lineall descendence. 1875 NV.
Amer, Rev. CXX. 238 With Mr. Darwin's Theory of De-
scendence. 1885 H. KenpAtt in 19/h Cent., The fact that
Jesus Christ had descendance from King David. | 1891
Blackw. Mag. CL. 712/2 A descendance that is not lineal
either of mind or spirit.
2. concr. Descendants. (App. a corruption: cf.
Descenpant B. 1, quot. 1623, and AccIDENCE,)
(Sir T. Elyot has ¢xhabitance=inhabitants.)
1661 FULLER Worthies 1. (1662) 60 In some descend-
ance from the Duke of Norfolk, in the Stanhops and the
Arundels.
+Desce’ndancy, -ency. 0s. [f. as prec.
+-ancy. Also spelt -ency after med.L. déscen-
dentia.] a. The condition or quality of being de-
scended. b. A stage in lineal descent, a generation ;
= DESCENT 9. €.=])ESCENDANCE.
1601 R. Jounson Kingd. & Comm. (1603) 257 The unfor-
tunate successes hapned in his proper descendencie. 1630
Ibid. 251 Placentia was not granted absolutely to the house
of Farnesi but only to the fourth descendencie, after which
it returnes againe to the King of Spaine. @ 1641 Br. Moun-
tacu Acts & Alon. (1642) 86 From Father to Son, in a con-
tinued descendency. 1661 Morcan SPA. Gentry u. i. 6 To
distinguish the degree of decendency. 1790 W. Compe Devil
on Two Sticks (1817) 1, 78 Their descendancy from the com-
mon mother, Eve.
Descendant, -ent (d/se‘ndint), a, and sb.
Also 6 discendant. [a. I. descendant (13th c. in
Littré), pr. pple. of descendre to DESCEND, used as
adj. and sb. Also spelt -en¢ after L. déscendent-em :
see -ANT, -ENT.
Johnson gives Descendant sb., Descendent adj., and re-
marks ‘ It seems to be established that the substantive should
derive the termination from the French, and the adjective
from the Latin’. In the sb. sense 1, and the related sense 2
of the adj. -ant is now always used ; in the other senses of
both, -evf is perhaps preferable, but these are either obsolete
or so rarely used as to make the distinction one of little
practical moment.)
A. adj.
1. Lit. Descending; coming or going down. rare.
1644 Diy Nat. Bodies 1. (1645) 99 ‘The aire. -maketh one
descendent body together with the dish. 1658 R. Wurte
tr. Digby's Powd. Symp. (1660) 59 ‘The ascending water
becoming more heavy then the descendant on the other side.
1691 Ray Creation (J.), ‘This descendent juice is that which
principally nourishes both fruit and plant. 1839 Barry
Festus (1848) 59/2 The descendent city of the skies.
b. Astron, (Cf. Duscenp v, 1d.) Obs.
1594 Biunpevi Z-verc. mt. 1. xi. (ed. 7) 296 The Descen- -
dent [Signs] are these, Cancer, Leo, [etc]. 163: Winpowes
Nat. Philos. 14 The Ascendant (node] is higher where ( ..
doth come nearest unto us. t, when the ( is
removing from us. 1690 Leysourn Crs. Math. 818 The
Descendent Node of the Moon.
¢c. Her. Descending towards the base of the
shield.
1572 Bossewett Armorie u. 42 Theirtayles. .descendante,
percussed, and contercoloured.
2. Descending or originating from an ancestor ;
also fg. (See Desoxnb v. 8.)
1594 Parsons ne ag Success. Vi. viii. 184 Of the right
discendant line of K. John. a164x Br. Mountacu Acts §
Aon {ihie) 96, Ee Son .. d dent and d from
his es, 1725 Pore Od) u, 313 Were not wise sons
descendent ted 768 aeecandantl of ae wise. 1857 Ruskin
Pol. Econ. Art ii. (1868) 112 The best and g of de-
| is absolutely dead .. it has left no direct descendants.
| Steam Engine or Clock?
any di
1600
Beatrice
On the Evidences
236
B. sb.
1. One who ‘descends’ or is descended from an
ancestor (see DEScEND v. 8); issue, offspring (in
near or remote): @ of
Biount tr. Conestaggio 85 All the descendents of
He Rushw. //ist. Coll. (1659) 1. 86 Their
Servants, Children, and Descendens. a@ S. Clarke
tH . 14 (R.) Abraham’s descendents ac-
cording to the flesh. 1794 Soutney Poems, Retrospect, The
last descendant of his race. 187 Mortey Voltarre (1886)
A descendant of the conquering Franks. 1875 Poste
Gaius 265 From the rules of mx f ascendants and
descendants of the t tothe third degree were ex-
cepted.
b. of animals and plants.
1866 Darwin Orig. Sfcc. Hist. Sk. 13 The existing forms
of life are the descendants by true generation of re-existing
forms. 1867 H. Srencer Princ. Biol. 11. vi. 431 The descen-
dants of a wheat plant .. will have become numerous.
ec. fig. and transf.
1869 Farrar Fam, Speech ii. (1873)74 The Gothic language
1871
A.R. Wattace Nat, Select. viii. 295 Are not improved Giese
Engines or Clocks the lineal descendants of some existing
1894 Chr. World 23 Aug. 629/2
The descendants of the Puritans—the Nonconformists of
to-day.
4 2. Astron. The part of the heavens which at any
moment is descending below the horizon (opposite
to the AScENDANT). Obs.
1690 Levbourn Curs. Math. ‘oa The Descendent, or Angle
of the West, or the Cuspis of the Seventh House.
+3. Zypogr. A letter that descends below the
line; =Descenper? b, (Cf. Ascenpanrt B. 7.)
1676 Moxon Print Lett. 6 Descendents are those that
stand lower than the Foot-line : such as are a Crea
Descended (dise‘ndéd), ppl. a. [f. Descenp
v. +-ED1,] Derived, sprung from a person or stock.
Usually as fa. pple. (see DESCEND v. 8 b) ; used as
adj. only in combination.
1640 Sir E. Derinc Carmelite (1641) 46 Your Troy-dis-
cended Romanes. 1665 Sir T. Hexpert 7vav. (1677) 2
A well descended Gentleman.
Descendental (disendental), a. nonce-wd.
[f. L. déscendent-em, pr. pple. of déscendére to
DESCEND + -AL: after ¢ranscendental.) ‘That de-
scends to matter of fact ; naturalistic, realistic.
18g0 Wuirrte Ess. & Rev. 11. 342 Square, lover of Plato
and Molly Segrim, with his brain full of transcendental
morality, and his heart full of descendental appetites. 1860
J. Youne Prov. Reason 54 Since the days of Locke .. the
philosophy of England has been only descendental. 1863
Reader 1. 376/3 Mr. Mill belongs to what has been variously
named the Empirical .. Sensational, or Descendental School
of Philosophy.
Hence Descende‘ntalism, -ist (sovce-wds.).
1831 Cartyte Sart. Res. 1. x, With all this Descendental-
ism, he combines a ‘T'ranscendentalism no less su rlative.
1882 Wuirre in //arper’s Mag. LXV. 579 He talonged to
the respectable race of descendentalists, and was evidently
puzzled to understand howa transcendentalist could acquire
property.
+ Desce‘nder!. Law. Obs. Also 6 decendre,
6-7 discender. [a. F. descendre, pres. inf. used
subst.: cf. atfainder, remainder; cf. -ER 4.) De-
scent ; title of descent.
1485 Act 1 Hen. VI1,c. 1 Subjects having cause of Action
by Formedon in the descender, or else in the remainder.
1523 Firznens. Surv. 13 To sue his pleynt in y? nature of
the kynges writ of formdowne in decendre at the commen
lawe. [1590 Swinsurne Treat. Testaments 94 If the issue
do recover the same in formdon in the discent.]
Kitcuin Courts Leet (1675) 250 Formedon in Discender
lyeth where the Donee in ‘Tail or free Marriage aliens that
Land so given. 1768 BLackstone Comene. 111, 192 The heir
in tail shall have this writ of formedon in the descender, to
recover these lands, so given in tail, against him who is
the actual tenant of the freehold.
Descender * eirc kang § [f Descenp v, +
-grn 1] One who or that which descends.
1667 Denna Direct. Paint. w. ix. 3 Horrors and Anguish
of Descenders there, May teach thee how to paint Descenders
here. 1855 Grote Greece u. xcvi. X11. An altar erected
in honour of Demetrius Katabates or the r.
Murpny Conan. Gen. xiii. 10 This river [Jordan] may we
be called the Descender.
b. Zyfogr. A letter or character that descends
below the line; cf. Descenp1ne ff/. a. 2 b. ;
1883 Are we to read backwards ? 39 ‘The modern Arabic
figures—uniform in linage—{are] more legible than the ‘old
style’ figures, with their many d d di
an
mdibi'lity. rare. [f. next +-1ry.] The
property of being descendible.
+ finda Comm. 1. 200 He must necessarily take
the crown .. with all it’s inherent 3 the first and
principal of which was it’s ibility.
Descendible, -able (d/se‘ndib’l, -ab'l), @.
[In 16th c, descendable, a. OF. descendable + subseq.
conformed to L. analogies, as in ascendibilis from
1574 tr. Littleton's Tenures 116.a, Wher tenements bee dy-
scendable to the sonne after the custome of borough
Englishe. 1622 Cais Stat. Sewers (1647) 191 If the son had
na Freedom by the death of his father,
scendant souls.
asa
Biackstone Cone, 1. fot Which title
~ usually to the issue male. W. Tayzor in
the ascencion
ii. 193 From.a god to a bull? a heavy
Monthly Mag. LIII. 103, I make their whole
scendable only to the first-begotten son.
17 Oct. 521 The Derwentwater earldom was
WG. Having the propertyreldesecading erred
aving the property or moving
downwards. Oés. rare.
_ 1622 Cats Stat. Sewers (1824) 164 He may make a trench
in his own to let the water run downwards, and to
descend upon his neighbour's grounds, for water is an ele-
ment descendible jure nat
8. Capable of being descended ; down which one
may
go. rare.
1730-6 Bai.ey (folio', Descendable, which may descend or
be descended or gone down. 1755 Jouyson, Descendible,
may be descended ; such as may admit of a passage
downwards. 1863 Sat. Rev. 418 ible by zigzag
Indian paths, traversing the face of the soci walls.
(disendin), v/. sb. [f. DESCEND
de-
Sat, Rev.
descendible
v. + -ING}]
1. Theaction of the verb DescENb (q.v.); descent,
going down.
¢ Caxton Blanchardyn xviii. 56 At the descend:
of theyr enemyes to lande. 1572 J. Jones Bathes of Bat
Pref. 2 Some with .. Descendings, ings the partes
wasted, etc. 1638Sir ‘I. Hernert 7rav. (ed. 2) 146 A preci-
pice, downe which is no descending. 1690 Locke Govt. 1.
xi. (Rtldg.) 119 ‘he descending and conveyance down of
Adam's..dominion to posterity. 1802 SourHry Poems, Ode
Astron., All Ether laugh'd with thy descending.
+2. concr. A downward slope, declivity, descent.
1490 Caxton Eneydos lv, 152 Atte the descendynge of the
hille. 1585 J. B. tr. Viret's Sch. Beastes Vs iij, The first de-
scending. .is. .croked and with many turninges.
+b. Extension downwards. Ods.
1627 Cart. Smitn Seaman's Gram. x. 50 The height or
eleuation..should answer the descending or depth.
Descending (dse‘ndin), af/. a. [f. Descenp
v.+-ING2.] ‘That descends.
1. Zit. Moving downwards, coming Some
a 1700 Dryven (J.), He cleft his head with one descending
blow. 1799 CoLeBRooxe in Life (1873) 423 The resin exudes
from the descending sap. 1858 Larpner Hand-bk, Nat,
Phil, 215 The descending column. falls. .ina closed cistern.
2. transf. Directed or extending downwards ;
esp. in Anat., Bot., etc., as descending aorta, colon,
axis, ovule, etc. (opp. to ASCENDING Af/. a. 3).
1737 Bracken Farriery Impr. (1756) 1. 92 The ascending
or Samia Trunk of the Aorta. + to Soorter Kehama
xvi viii, Descending steps, which in the living stone Were
hewn. 1869 Oxiver /udian Bot, 1. i. 15 The root being the
descending, the stem the ascending portion of the axis,
b. Zypogr. cy ree to letters that have a tail
or stefn extending below the lin® (Cf. AsceNDING
ppl. a. 1b.)
1676 Moxon Print Let?, 6 The Bottom-line is the line that
bounds the bottom of the Descending Letters. T.
MacKettar Amer. Printer 61 There are .. di i
letters in both Roman and Italic,
c. Her, =DESCENDANT @. 1¢3 esp. having the
head turned toward the base of the shield. .
8. fig. Proceeding to what is lower in position or
value, or later in order MS DESCEND v. 5); in Math.
of series: Proceeding from higher to lower quanti-
ties or powers ; thus 8, 4, 2, 1, 4, ete, is a descend-
ing series in geometrical ion.
1642 Jer. Tayor Episc. (1647) 41 Schisms and Heresies
.. should multiply in descending ages. 1816 tr. Lacroix's
Diff. & int. Cakntas 234 If we wished to have a descending
series with respect to 2, we must give the differ-
ential the form[etc.]. 1822 Snetuey //e//as 350 To stem the
torrent of descending time. 1874 Mortey Compromise (1886)
28 The establishment .. of an ascending and descending
order among the facts. ri
4. Falling in pitch, stress, or other physical queer.
Descending rhythm, a rhythm composed of feet in which
the accented syllable is fi of ty the unaccented as in
the trochee, dactyle, etc. Descending diphthong=falling
DirntHone q. Vv.
5. Descending node (Astron.): that node of a
planet’s orbit at which it passes from north to south
of the ecliptic.
1696 Wniston 7%. Earth us. (1722) 188 Its descending Node
was then also in..due Position. 1727-51 Cuambers Cyc/.,
De. ing latitude, is the latitude of a ven in its return
from the nodes to the equator. 1755 B. Martin fag. Arts
Se. u. vii. 159 The Descending marked thi . 1868
ver /eavens (ed. 3) 170.
Hence Descendingly adv.
1614 Syivester Du Bartas, Bethulia’s Rescue w. 368
‘Two twinkling S Two sprightfull Jetty eyes .."T'wixt
these two Suns, down from this liberal front, Descendingly
ascends a ong eg 1882 Proctor in Anowledge 24
Mar. 449 ‘east of Tabernacles was .. ruled by the
passage of the sun over the equator descendingly.
Descens(e: see DEscENcE.
Descension (disenfon). Now rare. Forms:
4-6 descen-, discen-, dyscen-,-cio(u)n, -eyo(u)n,
6-7 descention,
1. The action of a goin:
down, pee (lit. — ig.) — ce
De » Princ. newe no lower
Cote ion Gave onely dethe. 1996 Pilgr. Perf OW, de W-
1534), 261 Hepomnapce of his to Limbo.
Fe ae Erasm. Par. Eph. iv. 10 The descencion is
and after. 1597 Suaxs. 2 Hen. Vu.
descension | It was
DESCENSIONAL,
Toves case, 1616 R. Carpenter Past. Charge 54 The de-
scension of the holy Ghost vpon the Apostles. 1652 Peyton
Catastr. Ho. Stuarts (1731) 16 This Bishop maintained
Christ’s personal Descension into Hell. 1657 Austen Fruit
Trees 1. 101 As a Tree increaseth by ascension of sap, so it
would decrease by its descension. 188 Raymonp A/ining
Gloss., Descension-theory, the theory that the material in
veins entered from above.
+b. concr. The alleged term for a flight of
‘woodwales’ (woodpeckers). Obs.
©1479 in Caxton Hors, Shepe § G. etc. (1822) 30 A discen-
cion of wodewalis.
+ 2. Descent from an ancestor ; lineage. Obs.
1447 Boxenuam Seyrtys (Roxb.) 45 For more cler undur-
stondynge Of this genealogyal descencyoun. 1523 Lp.
Berners Froiss. 1, Ixiv. 86 heading, The duke dyed without
heyre, wherby the dyscencion fell.
+3. A falling in dignity or importance; a coming
down from dignity or high station ; condescension,
1609 MippLeton Shirley Ambass. Wks. 1886 VIII. 314
Whatsoever is dishonourable hath a base descention, and
« sinks beneath hell. 1642 Sir E. Derinc Sf. on Relig. 108
Wherefore is this descension froma Parliament to a People?
1692 R. L’Estrance Fosephus’ Antig. vii. iii. (1733) 215 To
treat them with Courtesy and Descension.
+4. Old Chem. =Descent 1d. Obs.
3393 Gower Conf. II. 86 Forth with the congelation, Solu-
cion, discention. Morwynec Lvonym. Pref., The oyl
Capnistrum. .that is destilled by descention. 1612 WooDALL
Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 270 Descension is when the essential
juyce dissolved from the matter to be distilled, is subducted
and doth descend. 1657 in Phys. Dict.
+5. Astron. The setting, or descent below the
horizon, of a celestial body. Right descension,
oblique descension of a celestial body: the degree
of the celestial equator, reckoned from the first
point of Aries, which sets with it in a right, or
oblique, sphere. Ods. (Cf. ASCENSION 3.)
15st Recorve Cast. Knowl, (1556) aegis the Righte Sphere
..the descensions or settinges vnder the Horizont are equall
with the Ascensions. 1594 BLUNDEvIL E-verc. Ul. 1. Xxix.
(ed. 7) 337, I will proceed to the ascention and descention of
the starres, both right, meane, and oblique. _ 1658 Sir T.
Browne Hydriot. v, Our longest sun sets at right descen-
sions, 1726 tr. Gregory's Astron. I. 225 There will be no
rising or setting at all by the diurnal Motion, and therefore no
Ascension or Descension in this Sphere. 1876 G. F. CHAMBERS
Astron. 912 Ascension, oblique .. the converse word is ‘de-
scension’, but it is obsolete,
+6. Astrol. The part of the zodiac in which a
planet was supposed to have least influence (opp.
to exaltation). Obs.
¢ 1391 Cuaucer Astrol. u. § 4 That he [the lord of the
ascendant] be nat in his descencioun, ne ioigned with no
planete in his discencioun. 15 .. ‘Almanak for the Year
1386’, 2 On pe 7 syne fro be exaltacion of euerilk a planyte,
in like degre es made his descensyon.
Desce‘nsional, ¢. rare. [f.prec.+-au.] Of
or pertaining to descension.
= ma CuamBers Cyel., Descensional difference, is the
difference between the right and oblique descension of the
same star, or point of the heavens, etc. 1840 HEerscuEeL
£ss. (1857) 137 There must be constantly in action..a dis-
censional force adap subaqueous currents. 1882 Nature
XXVII. 177 The mal and d ional mo S
of the atmosphere.
Descensive (désensiv), a. [f. L. déscens-, ppl.
stem of déscendére : see -IVE.]
1. Having the quality of descending (/7#. and fig.) ;
characterized by downward movement or tendency;
the opposite of ascensive.
1611 Cotcr., Desc ire, di i d g
Manton £xf. Fude 3 There is in mana natural desire to do
his posterity good ; love is descensive. 18x W. Taycor in
Monthly Mag. XXX1. 425 Either from ascensive or descen-
sive opinion, 1882 Owen in Longm. Mag. 1. 68 The mam-
mals who follow next after Bi, in the d ive series
of mammalian orders,
2. Gram. Diminishing the force; cf. ASCEN-
SIvE2, ”
1854 Ecticorr Ef. Gal, 39 Kai has also what may be termed
a descensive force.
+ Descensory, sb. Old Chem. Also 6 dec-,
dise-. [ad. OF. descensoire,-otr, med.L. type déscen-
sortum, f. déscensérius adj. : see next.
(Cf. ‘I’huyle du mesme bois destillé par ce que les alche-
mistes appellent descensoir’ of 1555 in Godefroy.)]
A vessel or retort used for distillation ‘by de-
scent’: see Descent 1 d,
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Can. Yeom. Prol. & T.239 Sondry vessels
maad of erpe and glas Oure vrinals and oure descensories.
1584 R. Scor Discov. Witcher. x1v. i. 295 Also their lam
their urinalles, discensories, sublimatories, alembicks, viols,
croslets, cucurbits, stillatories, and their fornace of calcin-
ation. 1594 Pat Chem. Concl. 31 Some commend the dis-
tillation .. that is performed by a descensorie. 1678 R.
R[{ussEtt] Geber 11. 1, Iv. xii. 112 A chymical Descensory.
+Descensory, ¢. Old Chem. [ad. L. dés-
censort-us, f. déscens-, ppl. stem of descendére to
DESCEND: see -oRY.] Relating to, or of the nature
of, distillation by descent.
1678 R. R[{usse.t] Geber v. iv. 275 The Descensory Fur-
nace is made as before described. 1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc.
Compit, v. 146 The specifick properties of Liquors perish in
descensory distillation.
Descent (disent). Also 5 dessente, 5-6 dis-
sent, 5-7 discent, 6 discente. [a. F. descente
(1304 in Hatzf.), formed from descendre after
attente, vente, etc. from attendre, vendre, etc., the
etymological form being DESCENCE, -ENSE.]
4°
ling. 1x
237
1. The action of descending ; a going or coming
down; downward motion (of any kind).
1sgo Sir J. Smytu Disc. Weapons 28 In their discents and
fall. 1606 Suaks. 77. & Cy. v. ii. 175 Not the dreadfull
spout. .Shall dizzie with more clamour Neptunes eare In his
discent. 1659 Pearson Creed (1839) 319 It is to be observed,
that the descent into hell was not in the ancient creeds or
rules of faith. 1698 Kein, Lxvam. Th. Earth (1734) 163 The
great resistance they met with in their descent through the
Air. 1866 G. Macponatp Anz. Q. Neighd. vii. (1878) 125,
Ido not think the descent to Avernus is always easy.
b. fg. (of an immaterial agent or influence).
1374 Cuaucer Jroylus 1. 319 Lest fully the descente Of
scorne fille on himself. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 159 The
descent of a great storm may make the pilot helpless.
ce. Corresp. to /rvaxs, sense of the verb (DesceNp v. 11).
161x Coryat Crudities 80 The descent of the mountaine
I found more wearysome..then the ascent. 1748 F. Smitu
Voy. Disc. N.-W. Pass. 1. 95 Vhe Sides high Marble Clifts,
not difficult of Descent. Mod. A new descent of the Schroff-
spitze has been effected.
+d. O/d Chem. A method of distillation: see
quot. 1727. Obs.
1655 CuLrerrer Riverius vi. i. 133 The Oyl is made of
Box cut in smal pieces, and then Distilled by descent, in
two Vessels, 1727-51 Cuampers Cycd. s.v. Distillation, Dis-
tillation by descent is where the fire is applied on the top,
and aJl around the vessel, whose orifice 1s at the bottom;
and, consequently, the vapour not being able to rise up-
wards, it is forced to precipitate, and distil down to the
bottom. . ;
e. Her. Zz descent: said of an animal represented
as leaping or flying downwards,
1727-51 Cuambers Cycl. 1727 Baitey vol. II. s.v., A lion
in descent.
f. Dynamics. The downward motion of a body
under the influence of terrestrial gravity.
1700 J. Craic in Philos. Trans. Abridg. 1V. 542 (title),
The Curve of Quickest Descent. 1706 Pxivuirs (ed. Kersey),
Descent of heavy Bodies (in Philos.) is the tendency of them
to the Center of the Earth. 1727-51 Cuampers Cyc/,, s. v.,
Laws of the descent of bodies .. Line of swiftest Descent,
is that which a body falling by the action of gravity, de-
scribes in the shortest time; which is proved by geometri-
cians to be the cycloid.
2. concr. A downward slope, a declivity.
1591 SPENSER lirgil’s Guat 77 Spread themselves farre
abroad through each descent. 1611 Bipte Luke xix. 37 At
the descent of the mount of Oliues. 1726 Leon1 A lberti’s
Archit. I. 10/2 If it stands upon a Descent. 1887 Bowen
Virg, Aeneid v1, 182 Massive ash-trees roll from the moun-
tains down the descent.
b. A means of descending; a way, passage, or
flight of steps leading downwards.
Descent into the Ditch (Mil.): see quot. 1803.
1634 Massincer Very Woman w. ii, Fitting his chamber
witht trapdoors and descents. 1706 Puituips (ed. Kersey),
Descent into the Moat or Ditch. 1734tr. Rollin’s Anc. Hist.
(1827) 11. 11.144 Descents by steps to the river. 1745 PocockE
Descr. East W111. 73 There were about fourty three degrees
of seats, and eleven descents down from the top.. those
descents are made by dividing each seat into two steps. 1803
James Milit. Dict. (1810) s.v., Descents into the Ditch (des-
centes dans le fossé), cuts and excavations made by means of
saps in the counterscarp beneath the covert way [i.e, to
enable the besiegers to cross the ditch]. 1887 Ruskin
Preterita II. 199 The rampart walk, unbroken except by
descents and ascents at the gates.
+c. That to which one descends; the lowest
part. Obs. (sonce-use.)
1605 Suaks. Lear v. iii. 137 From th’ extremest vpward of
thy head, To the discent and dust below thy foote.
3, A sudden hostile invasion or attack, es. from
the sea, or from high ground: cf. DESCEND v. 3.
1600 E. Biount tr. Conestaggio 194 Some small peeces of
artillery, to hinder their descent.
Georg. 1. 710 He hears, but hears from far, Of ‘Tumults,
and Descents, and distant War. 1698 IT’. Frocer Voy. 26 It
was determin’d to make a Descent upon the Country, to
take the King prisoner. 1816 Scotr O/d Mort. Introd.,
Argyle was threatening a descent upon Scotland. 1874
Green Short Hist. vii. § 8. 430 A daring descent of the
English forces upon Cadiz.
4. fig. A coming down to a lower state or con-
dition ; fall, decline, sinking ; progress downwards
to that which is lower or subordinate.
1667 Mitton P. L. 1x. 163 Oh, foul descent ! that I, who
erst contended With gods to sit the highest, am now con-
straind Into a Beast, and mixt with bestial slime. @ 1704
Locke (J.), Observing such gradual and gentle descents
downwards, in those parts of the creation that are beneath
men, 1889 Spectator 26 Oct. 540 Since the descent to house-
hold suffrage.
b. A stage or step downward in any scale; a
degree below. ? Oés.
1589 Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 42 Her birth was by manie
degrees greater than mine, and my woorth by manie discents
lesse than hers. 1667 Mitton P. L. vut. 410 Infinite de-
scents Beneath what other Creatures are to thee. 1728
Youne Love Fame 1. (1757) 84 With what a decent pride he
throws his eyes Above the man by three descents less wise ?
5. With reference to physical qualities: A fall,
lowering (of the pitch of sound, temperature, etc.).
1697 Dryden Virg. °
DESCENT.
e. Logic. An inference from a proposition contain
ing a higher to one containing a lower term.
1642 Jer. TayLor £fisc. (1647) 35 What also the faith of
Christendome was concerning the Minister of confirmation
-. I shall make evident in the descent of this discourse.
1655-60 Stancey //ist. Philos. (1701) 73/2 These five, Thales,
Anaximander, Anaximenes, Anaxagoras, Archelaus, by con-
on) Descent succeeding one another, compleat the Ionick
Sect.
7. The fact of ‘descending’ or being descended
from an ancestor or ancestral stock ; lineage.
¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 249 Pis ilk pre barons,
porgh descent of blode, Haf right & resons to be coroune,
1393 Gower Conf. ILI. 230 Which rightfull heire was by
descent. 1430 Lypc. Hors, Shefe, & G.gin Pol. Rel. §& L.
Poems (1866) 15 Cryste whiche lynally doune came Be dissent
conveyed the pedegrewe Frome the patryarke Abrahame.
1530 Patscr. 213/1 Descent of lynage, descente. 1559 Alirr.
Mag., Fall R. Tresilian v, By discent a gentleman. 1634
W. Tirwuyt tr. Balzac’s Lett. 123, | would draw his descent
from Hector, or Achilles. 1728 YounG Love Fame mi. (1757)
104 A Welch descent, which well-paid heralds damn; Or,
longer still, a Dutchman’s epigram. 1839 YEOWELL dnc.
Brit. Ch. xiii. (1847) 141 A chieftain of imperial descent.
1856 Froupe // ist. Eng. (1858) 1. ii. 107 The descent in the
female line was not formally denied.
b. ¢ransf. of animals and plants; in Bzo/. ex-
tended to origination of species (= EvoLution 6c).
1638 Sir T. Herpert 7vav. (ed. 2) 192 Many Camells
abound here .. The Dromodarie and it are of one descent,
but varie according to the Countrie. 1859 Darwin Orig.
Spec. (1871) 317 On the theory of descent with modification.
1871 — (tite), The Descent of Man and Selection in relation
to Sex. 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 776 Descent determines the
specific character of the growth. 1884 J. Fiske /volutionist
xiv. 366 The researches .. into the paleontology of the horse
have established beyond question the descent of the genus
eguus from a five-toed mammal not larger than a pig, and
somewhat resembling a tapir.
attrib, 1871 Darwin Desc. Man xi. 388 In accordance
with the descent-theory, we may infer that [etc.].
e. fig. Derivation or origination from a parti-
cular source.
c1530 Remedie of Loue (R.), Ransake yet we would. .Of
this worde the true orthographie, ‘he verie discent of ethi-
mologie. 1707 Curios, in usb. & Gard. Pref. 4 Whenever
I cannot fully discover the Rise and Descent of any Effect.
1803 Aled. Frnl. UX. 108 Its visitation .. in the present year,
is deducible from a similar descent.
+ 8. a. A line of descent, lineage, race, stock.
1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 206 Elizabeth pe gent, fair
lady was sche, ‘Tuo sons of ber descent, tuo douhters ladies
fre. 1605 VERSTEGAN Dec. /nted/. iii. (1628) 63 Of whose de-
scents are since issued the greatest Princes at this present
in Germanie. 1618 CHarMan /festod 1. 228 ‘Then form’d our
Father Jove a Third Descent, Whose Age was Brazen.
+b. A descendant (/t, and fig.); also, descen-
dants collectively, offspring, issue. Ods.
1475 Bk, Noblesse (1860) 23 ‘Vhe noble actys of the seyd
erles of Angew wyth her lynealle dessentys. 160r Hott.anp
Pliny 1.67 Augusta of the Taurines, an ancient descent
from the Ligurians. 1615 CHAPMAN Odyss, v1. 22 She went
Up to the chamber, where the fair descent Of great Alcinous
slept. 1667 Mitton ?. Z. x. 979 Our descent .. Which must
be born to certain woe, devourd By Death at last.
9. A stage in the line of descent ; a generation.
1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) 11. 809 Which house
..enjoyed the same [crown] three discentes. 1593 Bitson
Gout. Christ's Ch. 7 Euen twelue descents after the flood.
1673 Ray Yourn, Low C, 308 Such as can prove their
Gentility for three or four Descents. 1765-9 BLacksToNE
Comm. (1793) 252 After a breach of the succession that con-
tinued for three descents. 1818 Hattam Mid. Ages (1872)
II. 67 A lineal succession of four descents without the least
opposition. .
10. Law. The passing of property (in England
only of real property) to the heir or heirs without
disposition by will; transmission by inheritance.
¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 243 To haf be scheld porgh
heritage descent. c 1460 ForrescuE Ads. & Lim. Mon. ix,
The grete lordis of pe londe, by reason off nev Dissentes
ffallyng vnto ham, by reason also off mariages, Purchasses,
and ope titles, schal often tymes growe to be gretter than
thay be now. 1523 Fitzuers. Surv. Prol., Than if the
owner make a true pee degre or conueyaunce by discente
or by purchace vnto the said landes. 1628 Coxe Ox Litt.
13 b, Discent signifieth when lands do by right of blood fall
unto any after the death of his ancestors. 1818 Cruise Digest
(ed. 2) I. 303 That fines should be paid upon admittance, as
well upon alienation as descent. 1858 Lp. St. LEonarps
Handy-bk. Prop. Law xxiii. 177 No real property .. can
pass otherwise than by grant by deed .. or by descent or
devise, whereas mere personal property will pass by delivery
from hand to hand.
+b. Descent cast; transmission by inheritance
actually effected (with special reference to its bear-
ing on an outstanding adverse claim) ; cf. Cast v.
36. Obs.
[a 1626 Bacon Max. & Uses Com. Law i. (1636) 3 1f 1 make
a feoffment in fee, upon condition that the feoffee shall in-
feoffe over, and the feoffee be disseised, and a discent [be]
cast.] @1845 STEPHENS Comment. Laws Engl. (1868) III.
518 An Act was passed in the year 1833 (3 & 4 Will. IV. c. 27)
ining..the provisions. .that no descent cast or discon-
1g8x Mutcaster Positions x. (1887 58 eir p +
and closinges, with a discent, and fall of the voice. | 1836
Maccituvray tr. Humboldt’s Trav. i. 24 The proximity of
a sand-bank is indicated by a rapid descent of the tempera-
ture of the sea at its surface. Zod. A sudden descent of an
octave in the melody.
6. +a. The action of proceeding in sequence,
discourse, or argument, to what is subsequent ;
subsequent or course; succession. 04s. b. The
action of descending from generals to particulars.
tinuance happening after 31st Dec, 1833, should toll or
defeat any Tight of entry or action for the recovery of land.
c. transf. and fig. Transmission of a title, dig-
nity, personal quality, etc. to heirs or to offspring.
1413 Pilgr. Sowle 1v, vii. (Caxton 1483) 61 The synne of
Adam hath atteyned to men by .. descent of kyndely hery-
ba <4 ¢16xx Cuarman J/iad 1.156 His incorrupted sceptre
: sceptre of descent. ax704 Locke (J.), 1f the agree-
ment and consent of men first gave a sceptre into any one’s
hand, that also must direct its descent and conveyance.
DESCENTIVE.
+ Desce’ntive, a. Obs. rare. In 6dise-. [f.
prec, +-IVE.] Descending ; = Drscrnsive.
1599 Nasne Lenten Stuffe 7 he notable immunities, fran-
mee | ay she is endowed with .. by the discentiue
line of rom the Conquest.
ne of Kings fot obs. var. of DiscePraTIon.
+Desce'rcle, v. Ods. rare. [a. OF. des., decer-
cler, {. des-, dé- (De- I. 6) + cercle circle, hoop.
The mod. repr. would be dectrcle.] trans. To
deprive of its circle or circles.
To descercle a helm: cf. Circe sb. 10 b.
1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 102 Rolland ..araught maradas
his helme, that he descerkled and departed it.
“Descern, , -ceise, De-
scide, Descipher, Descition, obs. ff. Discern
(DecerN), Decrease, DiscHarcr, Drcipr, Dx-
CIPHER, DECISION.
1644 Prynne & Wacker Fiennes’ Trial 118 The supreame
Councell of the Realme to whose descition it belongeth.
+ Descide, v. Obs. rare. [f. L. dé-scindétre or
di-scindére \o divide, or dis-cidére to cut in pieces.]
oe cut, indent.
7 Tominson Renou's Disp. 324 Its leafs are variously
deactied and serrated in their circuit.
Descl- : see Disct-.
Descloizite (dekloi-zait). Afix. [named from
Descloizeaux, a French mineralogist. ] A vanadate
of lead and zine, an orthorhombic mineral, of olive-
green colour, occurring in small crystals on a sili-
cious and ferruginous gangue from South America
(Dana).
Desconfite, -ure, obs. ff. DiscomFir, -URE.
Descrial (déskrai‘al). [f. Descry v.1 + -aL
Il. 5.] Discovery of something obscure or distant.
1605 Answ, Discov. Rom. Doctr.1 The strange Discriall of
this great Discouerer.
Describabi'lity. [f. next: see -1ry.] Capa-
bility of being described.
@ 1866 J. Grote Exam. Utilit. Philos. ii, (1870) 38 A defi-
niteness or describability as to happiness.
Describable (diskrai‘bab’l), a. [f. Describe
v. + -ABLE.] Capable of or admitting description.
1802 Pacey Nat. Theol. ix. (R.), Keill has reckoned up, in
the human body, four hundred and fourty-six muscles, dis-
sectible and describable. 1877 Lavy Brassey Voy. Sunbeam
xv. (1878) 269 Another shade, only describable by the term
molten lava colour.
Descri‘bble, v. nonce-wd. [f. scribble after de-
pag. trans. To scribble an account of.
Miss Gunnino /’acket IV. 275, 1 can, as you find,
eps bute Richard and Sarah Adams; but.. to describe
would be absolute presumption,
Describe (diskrai:b), v. Also 6-7 descrybe,
discrybe, 8discribe. [ad. L. déscrid-ere to copy
off, transcribe, write down, write off, sketch off in
writing or painting, mark off, etc., ‘f. De. 1.2 +
scribere to write. Preceded in ME. use by descrive
(through OF.), of which describe may be considered
as an assimilation to the orig. L. form, The spell-
ing dis- arose from confusion with words having the
prefix des-, dis-; see Drs-.]
+7, To ‘write down, set forth in writing or in
written words ; to transcribe, copy out. Ods,
1526 Pilger. Perf. (W.de W. 1531) 233 So Peter aha
in his dictionary describeth it. “OPSELL Serpents (1653
625 Whose verses I will here describe [verses follow]. x
= ‘Taytor Gt. Exemp. Exhort. § 12 Christ our Lawgiver
ath described all his Father's will in Sanctions and Signa-
tures of laws.
+b. To write down in a register; to enrol. Ods.
Rha Bh ebay 1 Chron, iv. 41 These that are now de-
by name. 1614 Raeicu Hist. World 11.1. v. § 6.
bos f He was indeed _— into A°gypt .. describing a royall
Army, @ 1667 Jer. Taytor Was. (183 V1. 262 (Cent. Dict.)
His name was described in the book of life.
+ ¢. Towrite down as one’s opinion; to declare,
state. Obs. rare.
1771 Frercuer Checks ae ae i2of oe II. 300 Is it modest to
describe ecathedra, that the d phesians .. could not
work for life?
2. To set forth in words, written or spoken, by
reference to qualities, recognizable features, or cha-
racteristic marks; to give a detailed or graphic
account of. (The ordinary current sense.)
1513 ee St. pitti ae 203 As auncyent Cronycles
descryben it full ior STARKEY = gerne Ml. i. 144
rhe perfayt state . neo veb vs before Peel he 1697 Drypen
. Vv. 220 Describe we next Nature of the
Sox 1727 Swirt — M1. Vili. ii Discribing the rest
of his household-stuff. perseck on Ser. oe Vedding,
Iam ill at describing fem Morey Com-
ise (1886) 38 He pag ee ae oe by a master
b. with complement.
1594 spas Eccl. Pol. i iii, (1611) 7 ~ institution
thereof d as bei . Brount
tr. Conest io 314 That the Iland was no ply fortified
then had ¢ described unto them, 1818 Cruise Digest
(ed. 2) V. 71 Glanville describes a fine to be an accommoda-
tion ofa... suit, 1875 Jowerr Plato (ed. as IV. Gl rgd
as well as opinions may be described as
3. To set forth in delineation or F pictorlal
et to represent, picture, portray ; in quot,
1526 Obs. or arch.»
mo oe paix, Gal. ii. To whom Jesus Christ was de.
seri the eyes. 1535 CoveRDALE Ezek, iv. 1 Take
a6ig"T, Adan. Devile
238
j. Pon be vpon the cite off Terusslem. 1600
Sree
DESCRIPTION.
seene stealing the Grapes, fall a biting their y
the shi Caisuaw Poems 150 The glad ”
aU.
signes upon the hands and utey 1620 E. Bee Hore
1665'S 352 EM neg ——— rey icon
im T, Hervert 7'rav. (1677) t
ing a . This meg: | India on the other side Ganges.
2774 J: RYANT Mythol. 123 We find the Sun to be de-
under the appearance of a bright star.
+b. Of things: To represent or stand for pic-
torially. Ods.
1643 Vicars Looking-glass Malign. 13 The picture of a
man in a tub..to describe a Row . 1703 Moxon
Mech, Exerc. 317 These twelve Divisions are to describe
the twelve Hours of the _— 1793 SMEATON Edystone L.
§ 121 A second model . whe J the external form.
4. To delineate, ser out the form or shape of,
trace the outline of (a geometrical figure, etc.): a.
said of personal agents.
1552 Huvoet, Describe, circumscribo. 1559 W. Cunninc-
nam Cosmogr. Glasse 122 Describe the like arck from B to A.
1570 Bittincstey £uclid 1. i. 8 A triangle . - set or described
vpon a line, 1669 DrypEN i ove wv. i, With chalk
I first describe a circle here. Moxon Mech. Exerc. 126
To méasure and describe the € round-plot. 1831 Brewster
Oftics i. § 15 Describe arches of circles.
b. said of things.
1559 W. CunnincHAM Cosmogr. Glasse 55 A lyne, a
. can but describe a plat forme .. And a plat forme in
- describeth a Body. 15; Lanesnon Peramb, Fhe
(1826) 239 It beginneth to divide it selfe two waies, and to
describe the He of Thanet. 1821 Craic Lect. Drawing i. 7
Representing objects by lines which describe their contours
or dimensions.
5. To form or trace by motion ; to pass or travel
ore (a certain course or distance).
W. CunninGHAM Cosmogr. Glasse 34The most northely
checks which the Sonne describeth. 1662 Hospes Seven Prodi.
Wks. 1845 VII. 10 The arches are the spaces which these
two motions describe. 1713 BerkeLey //ylas & Phil. i.
Wks. 1871 I. 281 A body that describes a mile in an hour,
1869 Puittips Vesuv. ix. 252 They describe parabolic curves.
1869 Tyxpatt Notes Lect. Light 29 The white-hot particles
of carbon in a flame describe lines of light.
6. To mark off or distribute into parts; to map
or parcel out. rave.
1535 CoveRDALE Yosh, xviii. 6 Descrybe
ye the londe in
seuen partes [so r611 and R.V. ;
Wycuir, discryue]. F
+b. To apportion, assign under limits. [So in
Lat. ] Obs. rare.
1531 Exyor Gov. 1. ii, I wyll therfore kepe my penne
within the space that is discribed to me.
47. =Derscry v.! Cf. Descrive v.4 and the
converse confusion in Drscry v.%
1574 Ricu Merc. & Soldier H viij, Venus was first de-
scribed, sittynge inher Waggon. 1592 Greene 7 ullies Love
(1609.G, As soone as she had discribed him, and for cer-
tainty knew that it was he, yonder quoth she comes that
odde man of Rome. 1620 SHELton Quix. IV. xxii. 185 Over-
night we described this Wharf. 1667 Mivton /”. L. tv. 567,
1 <o* his way Bent all on speed, and markt his Aerie
Gate. x Gisson Decl. §& F. xlvii. (1792) VIII. 312 The
aantak lemish has not been described ay -jealous. .eyes.
Hence Described f//. a.
1552 Hutort, Described, circumscriptus. x Moxon
Mech, Exerc, 196 Their described width. 1865 ‘l'yLor Early
Hist. Man, iv. = In the described position of the three
relations of speec
joel cory (diskrai: bz). [f. Desor1Be v. +
-EE.] One to whom a ise is described.
1830 Disrartt in Home Letters (1885) 50 Description
always a bore, both to the describer and to the pint
1885 Punch 23 May 243/2 Describee is a hap ones Sox oat j
of a whole series of words much required in our language
Descri-beless, a, nonce-wd. [f. Describe v.
Incapable of description, granted
a —
ae W. Tuom 7 D. Ferrold's raesgacer Bn ae Come
Pret. no verdure on your describeless and ru’
Deaexibent (déskrai‘bént), a, and sd, fade 1 iL.
déscribentem, pr. pple. of déscribére to DescRiBE.),
A. adj. ‘ Describing, marking out by its motion’
(Ash 7 ). B. sb. Geom. A point, line, or sur-
face, producing by its motion a line, surface, or
solid ; a generatrix.
1704 in J. Harris Lex. Techn.
Bescriber (déskrai- bau). [f. DESCRIBE 2. +
One who describes, or gives a description.
shall not miss To taste the nectar of Cf = kien Press Vere?
,, car _ L. déscript-us,
om of worl yh i to iE.) vibed,
Also + a. Properly arranged (=L. iptus) (but
perh., in quot, 1665, for L. drip divided,
ap ioned). b. Inscribed, engraved, chased (not
sense). B. as sd. (see quot. 1731).
cae Wess ripe Orders (1725) ne commixt set
Forms, and descrii lers in one T
Baitey ie ge — ay Botanic Writers}, such
plans as are descri
pri, Scene ae
masen ore Geecibed, 3775 Ate, Dewi
and non-descript. 1863 P. S. Waseda — Transl. 8
Two huge valves, embossed with graven gold. .and descri
with all h earth and heaven. . Foster in wave or
Description (diskri-pfon). Also 4-6 de-
discryp-, discrip-, -cion, -cioun, -cyon,
~cyoun, -tyon, -tyowne, -sion, etc. [a. F. de- °
scription, in OF. also ~cripcion, -crilion, -crision,
ad. L. déscri; lion- -em, n. of action from déscribére
(ppl. stem déscrift-) to DescriBe. (See there as
to the spelling dzs-.)] The action of describing ;
the result or product of this action.
+1. The action of writing down; inscription.
Obs. rare.
Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxv. 231 Vnder the descrip-
coven writing of the a of Englond and of Fraunce.
+b. Writing down in a register, enrolment.
¢ 1380 Wycur Sel. Wks. I. 316 S .-bigan to make pis
discripcion. 1609 Biste (Douay) 2 ‘am. Xxiv. dv. 9 Joab gave
the number of the description of the people to the king.
2. The action of setting forth in words by men-
tioning sar, yore features or characteristic
aged verbal representation or portraiture.
¢ 1380 Wrcuir Last Age of Chirche 26 pis also [he] schewip
openly bi discripcioun of tyme. 1387 Trevisa Higden
I. 29 Mite.) With descripcioun of pe lasse world. —
BokENnHaM Seyntys papas )13 If the crafth of oun
I cowde as weel for; Gey cowde Boyce. . bg
NINGHAM Cosmogr. 6 Geographie is the. iscriptioun
of the face, and picture a th'earth. 1606 Suaks. Ant. § Cl.
u1, ii. 203 For her owne person, It beggerd all discription.
1806 Wotcort (P. Pindar) 7; — LES 1812 V. 335 (a6),
tion on your pencil waits. -x Pattison & 58. (1889)
2 Writers .. gifted with strong Later seay are masters of
description.
b. (with /,) A statement which describes, sets
forth, or portrays; a graphic or detailed account
of a person, thing, scene, etc.
Bh aa? Hamrore /r, Consc. 8875 Yhit wille I imagyn. . Ffor
yf it a descripcion. ¢1470 Henry Wh vai 1x, amas
Tha send .. The discriptioune Off him tane thar 1553 1
Witson Rhet. gs A description or an evident declaration of
a thyng as though we sawe it even now doen. 1676 Ray
ppd 848) 9 = . had .. better descriptions of them
irds). SULLIVAN — Nat. i. = realy,
ea . takes uakee esuvius, in his as
1834 Mepwne Angler in Wales 11, 108 An old man om.
ing the description of Humphrey. 1878 Mortey Carlyle
Gacloapen Ser. 1. 198 The more correct description of w!
P|
e. . (See quots.)
1608 T, Spencer > rick 193 A description is a sentence
which setteth out a thing, even abe ae arguments, 1751
Jounson Rambler No. 14 Hy ions. .are definitions
ee and Ge tae Mut Logic 1. viii.
§ 5 The second kind of Iperf definition, in which the
name of a class is defined . attributes which are not
luded in its been termed Description.
3. The combination of qualities or features that
marks out or serves to describe a cular class,
Hence, b., A sort, species, kind, or variety, capable
of being so described.
(ce 1391 Cuaucer Astroi. 1. § 21 Shapen in maner. nate 4
webbe aftur the olde descri _— 1535 Co¥ERpaLe E
xliii. 11 The commynge in, age ont, oft the sxnuas gud
descripcion theretl Sasex ie erch. V. m. ii. 303 Pay
him sixe thousand.. a friend of this description
lose a haire. 1864 D. G. Mircuet, Sev. Stor, 306 The
man must be a of the worst descri —
Boe. T. Gusert Xelicf Poor 6 That all Descrip-
poor Persons should be sent thither. 1785 Pavey
a ml 18(R.) The descrybers of y! pr
church,
Turks ahr 2 Po Mela the describer of the world,
De For Syst. aia 1. ii, + (2840) 4 Our wise describers
by bp magic of the AYNE Purit. Rev. Vv.
ways to regret that he
musf show events not. pte... t in succession.
Senoxihing (déskrai-biy), ‘eid a [f Dr-
SORIBE v.+-1NG !.] The action of the vb. DescriBE ;
description.
CunninGuam Cosmogr. Glasse 120 BY bibs makinge
sal deacsiby byng of this onel Stoney Afol.
Poetrie (Arb.) 22 Their of passions.
1817 Gouearr Taking Leave 9 Greater poe describing.
» Ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ING?.]
That penedem descriptive.
1581 SipNey Apo Poetrie (Arb.) 29 The right describin
note to know a Poet by, 1599 Tuynne Animady, (1865)
‘This describinge definitione.
Descrier (diskroi‘a1). Also 7 deseryer. [f.
Descry v.1+-ER.1] One who dation, or dis-
covers.
n, Dict. A Descrier, Descubridor.
Banquet 58 Foxes .. if they bee
ts .. falls within the same de-
ription. 1844 Mrs. Houston Yacht Voy. Texas M1. 278
The Volante. .is a d of to Cuba.
+4. Pictorial representation ; a picture, painting.
Oe. Paint
1620 E. Buount Hora Sudsec. 366 The high Altar is set
Pol. Philos. (ed. 8.) I, 23 The invitation, or voluntary
of thoug
out by Michael curious of the day of
ludgement, J. Grecory Posthuma 257 (T.)
escription is. .of the earth and water both together, and it
is done by circles.
5. Geom. a. The ‘describing’ reer
figure ; see DESCRIBE v. 4 ?
1655-60 Strantey //ist. Sap (apon) pobre Bin i mente
deduced the description of
1751 Cuampers Cycl., Denription, we pla
b. Tracing out or passing over a certain course
A Pale Matheseo: The Times
iBenowastints the Square Roots of the Altitudes
. me the 2748 Prawertox Newton's Philos. 9x The
ip en m8 aes oa
ual
ise the essential ert of a con direction of the
DESCRIPTIVE.
Hence Descri‘ptionate «@., characterized by de-
scription, descriptive. Descri-ptionist, one who
professes to give a description. Descri‘ptionless
@., without or beyond description.
1593 Nasu= Christ's T. (1613) 164 Sutable descriptionate
politures, 1827 /°vaminer 211/2 A mere connoisseur and
descriptionist. 1838 /raser’s Mag. XVII. 31 These loco-
motive descriptionists..and thirty mile an hour travelling
nmen. 1852 /did. XLVI. 454 That broiling and dusty,
ut beautiful and quite descriptionless road.
Descriptive (déskri-ptiv), a [ad. (late) L.
descriptiv-us containing a description, f. déscrift-,
ppl. stem of déscribére: see -1vE. Cf, F. descriptif.]
Having the quality or function of describing;
serving to describe; characterized by description.
1751 Jounson Rambler No. 94 P1 The sound of some
“ emphatical and descriptive words. 1820 Hazuitr Lect.
Dram, Lit. 141 They are sg and descriptive poets of
the first order. 1882 A. W, Warp Dickens i. 18 A de-
scriptive power that seemed to lose sight of nothing. A7Zod.
A handbook of Descriptive Anatomy.
b. const. of.
1794 Suttivan View Nat. Il. 176 Circumstances descrip-
tive of similar connections, 1878 Huxtey Physiogr. 71
A name sufficiently descriptive of its construction,
Hence Descri‘ptively adv., Descri‘ptiveness.
1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 1. 183 The Allegany..has been
descriptively called the back bone of the United States.
1834 OV. Rev. L. 296 meapreoented with. . lively and attractive
descriptiveness. 1870 Spurcron 7'veas. Dav. Ps. i. 1 The
term ‘stood’ descriptively represents their obstinacy.
+ Descri‘ptory, ¢. Ods. [f. déscript-, ppl.
stem of L. déscribére : see -onY.] =prec.
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 23 Epistles meerely
Descriptorie. /dzd. 24 A letter Descriptorie, wherein is
particularly described an ancient Citie.
+ Descri-ve, v. Ods. exc. Sc. Forms: 3-9
descrive, 3-5 discreve, 4-5 dyscreve, 4 de-
seryfe, 5-6 dyscryve, discryve, -ive, descryve.
[a. OF. deseriv-re (13th c.), later descrire, full
stem descriv- (mod.F. décrire, décriv-) = Pr. des-
criure, Cat. descriuer, It. descrivere:—L. déscribére.
In the course of the 16th c. gradually superseded
(exc. in Sc.) by the latinized form DEscrIBE,
Descrive was in ME. reduced to descrie (Descry v.2), and
thus confused in form, and sometimes in sense with Descry
v7.1 Hence descrive also occurs as a form of the latter. ]
1. To write down, inscribe; to write out, tran-
scribe.
1382 Wycuir /sa. xlix. 16 Lo! in myn hondis I haue dis-
criued thee. . 14.. Circumcision in Tundale’s Vis. go Thys
name which may not be dyscreved. c¢x450 Lypc. Comzf/.
Loveres Life xxviii, To discryve and write at the fulle The
woful compleynt. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 284/1 Mathewe
= zn descryue not the generacion of Marye but of
oseph. ‘ ‘ ‘
b. To write down in a register, enrol; cf. Veg.
Luke ii. 1 wt describeretur universus orbis.
1297 [see Descrivine vé2. sd.]. 1382 Wyctur Num, xi. 26
There dwelten forsothe in the tentis two men..for and thei
weren discryued [Vulg. descripti /uerant; 161x and they
were of them that were written]. — ZLzke ii. 1 That al the
world schulde be discryued. cxq460 Fortrscuz Ads. §
Lim, Mon, xvi. (x74) 1z0 Theyr secund Emperor, com-
aundyd al the World to be discrivyd [v.7~. (1885) 149 dis-
cribed.]
2. =DescriBE z. 2.
a1225 Ancr. R. 10 Pus seint Iame descriued religiun &
ordre, de Wycur Ser, Sel. Wks. II, 318 Pei ben pes
pat Ysay discryveb pat pei seien good is yvel. ¢ 1400 Rowe,
Rose 865, I wot not what of hir nose I shal descryve; So
faire hath no womman alyve. 1552 Asp. HamiLton Catech.
(1884) 45 It is expedient to descrive quha is ane heretyk.
1671 True Non-conf. 134 Which we finde descrived in the
Scriptures of the New Testament. 1785 Burns 7o W.
Simpson xvi, Let me fair Nature’s face descrive. 1858 M.
Porteous ‘Souter Yohuny’ 15 Hamely chiels .. Wha
Tammy's haunts can weel descrive.
absol. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 120 So as these olde wise
men Descrive. g 2 ,
3. a. To represent pictorially or by delineation ;
also absol. b. To draw geometrically (figures,
etc.). ¢, To trace out or pass over (a definite
course). Cf. DESCRIBE v. 3-6.
¢1391 Cuaucer As¢érol. 1. § 17 The plate vnder thi Riet is
descriued with 3 [principal] cerclis, Lane. P. Pl, C,
xx. 214 Ho coube kyndeliche with colour discriue, Yf alle
pe worlde were whit. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vu.
xi. (1495) 317 Epiciclis is a lytyll cercle that a planete dis-
ueth, 1565-73 Coorer 7hesaurus, Adacus..a counting
table such as. Astronomers descriue their figures in,
d. To map out, set forth the boundaries of.
(But also often including the ea sense 2.)
1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I, 7 Pat in stories meteb and
discryuep all be worlde wyde. Caxton Descr. Brit,
20 Kyng william conquerour made alle these. .shires to be
descreued and moten. BELLENDEN Cron, Scot. (1821)
I. p. xlvi, We will discrive the samin [the Ilis] in maner and
forme as followis.
4. =Descry v.1 [Cf. etymol. note above.]
1340 Cursor M. 6544 (Fairf.) For to discriue [v. ~. to se]
paire cursed dede. 1377 Lancu. P. PZ. B. xx. 93 Penne
mette pis man..ar heraudes of armes hadden descreued
lordes. c¢1440 Gesta Rom. xxiii. 84 (Harl. MS.) No man
cowde discryve wheber of hem shuld be Emperour. gsr
Rostnson tr. More's Utop. (Arb.) 50 Also flyinge he shoulde
be discriued by the roundyng of his heade,
- Hence Descri-ved Z//. a.
©1449 Pecock Repr. 11. xvii. 248 Bi the now discriued and
tau3t maner. . /did. 408 The. .bifore descryued tymes,
239
+ Descri-ving, v2/. 5b. Ods. [f. prec. + -1NG1.]
Describing ; description.
1297 R. Grove. (1724) 60 Pis August .. let make a descriu-
Bi ti y mad nas neuer er, 1382 Wyciir Luke ii. 2 This
firste discryuyng was maad of Cyryne, 1486 Bk. St. Albans
Eiva, The discreuyng of a Bucke. 1530 Patscr. 165 Blasdn,
a blasyng or discryvyng of ons armes. 1792 Burns Au/d
Rob Morris v, How past descriving had then been my
bliss.
Descry (déskrai:), v.! Forms: 4 discryghe,
4-6 discrye, 5 dyscry(e, 6 descrye, 6-7 descrie,
discrie, 4- descry. [app.a. OF. descrier to cry,
publish, decry, f. des-, dé-, L, D1s- + créer to cry.
The sense-development is not altogether clear; it was per-
haps in some respect influenced by the reduction of Descrive
to descry (see next), and consequent confusion of the two
words : cf. Descrive 7. 4, also DescriBe 7.7. In several in-
stances it is difficult to say to which of the verbs the word
belongs: thus
c 1300 K, Adis. 138 For astronomye and nygremauncye
No couthe ther non so muche discryghe.]
I. To cry out, declare, make known, bewray.
+1. trans. To cry out, proclaim, announce, as
aherald. Ods. rare.
(Cf. quot. 1377 in Descrive v7. 4.) a@ 1440 Sir Eglant.
1178 Harowdes of armes than they wente, For to dyscrye
thys turnayment In eche londys 3ende.
+2. To announce, declare; to make known, dis-
close, reveal ; a. of persons, b. of things. Ods.
a. ¢1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 203 My name to you
wille I descry. 1549-62 SterNHOLD & H. Ps. xxv. 3 Thy
right waies unto me, Lord, descrye. 1621 Burton Anat,
Mel, 1. ii.t.i, At length Jupiter descried himself, and Her-
cules yielded. 1655-60 Stantey Hist. Philos. (1701) 290/2
Diogenes, thou... Who to content the ready way To fol-
lowing Ages didst descry.
b. ¢ 1430 Freemasonry 323 Hyt [the seventhe poynt] dys-
cryeth wel opunly, Thou schal not by thy maystres wyf ly.
1590 SPENSER /*. Q. 1. x. 34 Whose sober lookes her wisedome
well descride. a@1sg2 H. Smitn Wes, (1867) II. 200 This
light. .doth not only descry itself, but all other things round
about it. 1635 Cow.ry Dazidezs wv. 231 A thoughtful Eye
‘That more of Care than Passion did descry. 1639 Drumm.
or Hawrtn. Fam. Epistles Wks. (1711) 140 His cheeks scarce
with a small down descrying his sex.
+c. With a sense of injurious revelation: To
disclose what is to be kept secret; to betray, be-
wray; to lead to the discovery of. Ods.
¢ 1340 Cursor M. 7136 (Trin.) Pat was a greet folye hir
lordes [z. ¢. Samson’s] counsel to discrye. ?¢1475 Sgr. lowe
Degre 110 Thy counsayl shall i never dyscry. 1596 Nasne
Saffron Walden 131 That he be not descride by his alleadg-
ing of Authors. 1606 HoLtanp Sweton. 90 Hee had like to
have descried them [his parents] with his wrawling. 1614
Br. Hatt Recoll, Treat. 509 In notorious burglaries, oft-
times there is .. a weapon left behinde, which descrieth the
authors, 1670 Mitton //7st. Eng. u, His purple robe he
{Alectus] had thrown aside lest it should descry him,
II. To cry out against, cry down, decry.
+3. To shout a war-cry upon, challenge to fight ;
= Ascry v. 1 b.
¢1400 Rowland & O. 273 No kyng in Cristyante Dare..
discrye hym ther with steven. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng
excvil, 175 The gentil knyghtes fledden and the vileyns
egrely hem discryed and grad an high ‘ yelde yow traytours !”
+4. To denounce, disparage; = Decry v. 2. Obs.
¢ 1400 York Manual (Surtees) p. xvi, We curse and descry
.-all thos that thys illys hase done. 1677 Ginpin Demonol.
(1867) 407 They contemn and descry those, as ignorant of
divine’ mysteries.
+ 5. To cry down, depreciate (coin) ; = Decry.
1638 Sir R. Cotron Abstr. Rec. Tower 23 The descrying
of the Coyne,
III. To get sight of, discover, examine.
6. To catch sight of, es. from a distance, as the
scout or watchman who is ready to announce the
enemy’s approach ; to espy.
€1340 Gaw. § Gr, Knut. 81 pe comlokest [lady] to discrye.
¢1430 Sir Tryam, 1053, Xii fosters dyscryed hym then,
That were kepars of that fee. 1569 Stocker tr. Diod. Sic.
1. viii, 114 He might descry a mightie and terrible Nauie
..Sayling towards the citie. 1605 Play Stucley in Simpson
Sch, Shaks. (1878) 190 The English sentinels do keep good
watch ; If they descry us all ourlabour’s lost. 1791 Cowrer
Iliad 11. 38 In some woodland height descrying A serpent
huge. 1868 Q. Vicroria Life High?. 39 To meet Albert,
whom I descried coming towards us, 1877 BLack Green
Past, xxxiii, (1878) 267 At intervals we descried a maple.
7. To discover by observation; -to find out, de-
tect ; to perceive, observe, see.
©1430 Syr Fryam. 783 Hors and man felle downe..And
sone he was dyscryed. 58x J. Bett Haddon's Answ.
Osor. 491 b, There is no man ,. that will not easily descry..
want of Judgement..in you. 1659 Hammonp On Ps. xxxiv.
Paraphr. 181 Being by them descryed to be David. 1667
Mrrton P. L. 1. 290 To descry new Lands, Rivers or Moun-
tains in her yay! Globe. 1797 Sourney Ballad K. Charle-
main t All but the Monarch could plainly descry From
whence came her white and her red, x8tz J. WiLson /s/e
of Palms u. 582 He can descry That she is not afraid.
1862 Lp. BroucHam Brit. Coust. xvi. 249 The bounds which
et that school from Romanism were very difficult
to descry.
abso Narsoroucn Frnd, in Acc. Sev. Late Voy.
(2711) 33, I could not see = sign of People... but still Hills
and Vallies as far as we could descry.
+b. zutr. To discern, discriminate. Ods. rare.
1633 P. Fietcuer Purple Is?. vii. viii. 108 Pure Essence,
who hast made a stone descrie "T'wixt natures hid,
+ 8. trans. To investigate, spy out, explore. Ods.
1596 Drayton Legends iii, 175 He had iudicially descryde
The cause, 1611 Biste 3udg. i.23 The house of loseph
DESECRATED.
sent to descry Bethel. 1742 SHENSTONE Schoolmistress 145
Right well she knew each temper to descry.
+ Descry’, v.” Ods. [app.a variant of descryve,
DEScRIVE v., partly perh. originating in the later
form of the Fr. infinitive descri-re, and pres, t.
descrt, -crts, -cvit; but mainly due to confusion in
Eng. of descr?ve and desery vb.!] = DeEscrive,
DESCRIBE.
¢1330 R. Brunne Chron, Wace (Rolls) 9747 Some of his
pewes y wil descrye. ¢1450.5¢. Cuthbert (Surtees) 41 In the
thyrd parte ar discryed Cuthbert pina ee 1572 BossEWELL
Armorie 1.63 b, This Serpente I haue descried, as wringled
into a_wreathe. 1613 WitHER Saz., Occasion, He .. de-
scries Elenchi, full of subtile falacies.
absol. c1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 6546 Cuthbert pai
chese as bede descryse. 1571 Damon & Pithias Prol. in
Hazl. Dodsley 1V. 12 A thing once done indeed, as histories
do descry. z
+Descry’, discry, s/. Ods. [f. Descry v.!]
Ll. Cry, war-cry; =Ascry sd.
c1400 Rowland & O. 1476 ‘Mount Joye’ was thaire dis-
crye.
2. Discovery of that which is distant or obscure ;
perception from a distance.
1605 SuHaks. Lear 1v, vi. 217 The maine descry Stands on
the hourely thought. 1611 Sprep //ist. Gt. Brit. x. i. (1632)
1253 Without danger of descry,
Descry'ing, 7/. 5d.' [f. Descry v.1] The
action of the vb. Descry!; perception from a dis-
tance, discovery ; also att776.
1577-87 Hotinsuep //st. Scot. (R.),Vpon the first descrieng
of the enimies approach. a@1729 S. CLARKE Serv. I. exit.
(R.), Now we see through a glass darkly, as through a
descrying-glass. |
+Descry‘ing, v/. si.2
ment, etc.: see DESCRY v.*
c1400 Three Kings Cologne 20 pis discrying was first made
vnder Cirinus, ¢ 1440 Promp. Parv. 119 Descrynge, de-
scriptio,
Descure, var. discurve, obs. f. DISCOVER v.
Desdaine, -dayn, -deigne, obs. ff. Dispain,
Dese, obs. form of Dats.
Deseas(e, obs. form of DISEASE.
+De'secate, v. Obs. [f. L. désecare to
cut off or away, f. DE- I. 2 + secdre to cut. (The
regular form is Desect; but in L. désecatio for
desectio is in Cassiodorus.] trans. To cut off, cut
away; to cut free from entanglement or obstruction,
Hence Desecated f//. a.
1623 CockEram, Desecate, to mow or cut off. 1651 Relig.
Wotton. 334 So as the Soul hath a freer and more desecated
operation. 1656 in BLount Géossogy.; and in mod. Dicts,
So + Deseca‘tion. Ods.
1623 CockErAM, Desecation, mowing or cutting off.
Desece, -es.e, -esse, -eyce, obs. ff. DEcEAsE,
DISEASE,
Besecrate (des‘kre't), v. [f. Dr- II. 1 + stem
of con-secrate. In L. désecrare or désacrare meant
to consecrate, dedicate. OF. had des-sacrer (des-
=L. ds-) still in Cotgr. (1611) ‘to profane, violate,
unhallow’,=It. dssacrare ‘to unconsecrate, un-
hallow’ (Florio); these may have suggested the
formation of the English word.]
trans. To take away its consecrated or sacred
character from (anything); to treat as not sacred
or hallowed ; to profane.
@1677 Barrow Ser, Wks. 1687 I. xv. 213 If we do venture
to swear..upon any slight or vain. .occasion, we then dese-
crate Swearing, and are guilty of profaning a most sacred
Ordinance. (Not in Puitiirs, Cocker, Kersry.] 1675 [see
DesecratinG Jp/. a.]. 1721 BAILEY, Desecrate, to defile or
unhallow. 174x Mippteton Cicero I. vi. 416 What Licinia
had dedicated... could n6t be considered as sacred: so
that the Senate injoined the Pretor to see it desecrated and
to efface whatever had been inscribed upon it. 1776 Horne
Ox Ps, \xxiv, (R.) When the soul sinks under a temptation,
the dwelling-place of God’s name is desecrated to the
ground, 1837 J. H. Newman Par. Serm. (ed. 2) IIL, xxi.
333 More plausibly even might we desecrate Sunday. 1860
Pusey Min. Proph. 204 The. .vessels of the ‘lemple..were
desecrated by being employed in idol-worship.
b. To divert from a sacred ¢o a profane pur-
pose ; to dedicate or devote /o something evil.
1825 Blackw. Mag. XVIII. 156 With a libation of un-
mixed water..did he devote us to the infernal gods—or .,
desecrate us to the Furies. 1849 Sir J. SrepHEeN £ccl. Biog.
(1850) I. 312 Particular spots .. were desecrated to Satan.
1860 Pusey A/in. Proph. 76 Desecrating to false worship the
place which had been consecrated by the revelation of the
trueGod,
ce. To dismiss or degrade from holy orders.
arch,
1674 Biount Glossogr., Desecrate, to discharge of his
orders, to degrade, 1676 in Cotes. ¢ 1800. W, Tooke Russia
(W.), The [Russian] clergy can not suffer corporal punish.
ment without being previously desecrated,
De‘secrate, #//. a. rare. =DESECRATED.
1873 Browninc Red. Cott. Nt.-cap 934 Than that her
dignity be desecrate By neighbourhood of vulgar table.
Desecrated (de'stkre'téd), A2/. a. [f. prec. vb. +
-ED.]_ Deprived of its sacred character; treated
as unhallowed, profaned.
ax711 Ken Hymnarium Poet. Wks. 1721 IT. 68 Thou, O
most holy, dost detest A desecrated Breast, 1833 L. Rircnie
Wand. by Loire 48 The desecrated temple forms the stables
and coach-houses,
Desecrater, var. of DESECRATOR,
Description, enrol-
DESECRATING.
De'secrating, #//. a. [f. DESEORATE v. +
-InG 2,.] That desecrates or Fak a of sacredness.
L. Appison State of Yews 190(T.) The desecrati
nee of the enemy. “ak Trencu Poems, Visit to Tus
culum 100 The rude touch of desecrating time.
Desecration (des?kré"'Jon). [n. of action from |
DESECRATE; see -ATION.] ‘The action of desecrat-
ing, deprivation of sacred or hallowed character,
profanation ; also, desecrated condition.
1717 T, Parnect Life Zoflus (T.), They sentenced him
[Zoilus] to suffer by fire, as the due reward of his desecra-
tions. 1727 Bai.ey vol. II, Desecration, an unhallowing, a
profaning. 1779 in Brand Hist, Newcastle (1789) 11. 124
note, The oratory .. has been .. shut up to preserve it from
future desecrations. a1808 Br. Porreus Profan. Lord's
Day (R.), Various profanations of the sabbath .. threaten
a gradual desecration of that holy day, 1858 Froupe Hist.
240
ete ene eden
¢e. personified.
¢ 1600 Suaxs. Sonn. lxvi, To behold desert a borne
And needie Nothing trimd in iollitie. 1608 D. T. Zss. Pod.
& Mor. 38 To hinder Desert from any place of eminencie.
1866 G. Macponatp Ann, Q. Neighd. xii. (1878) 234 Desert
may not touch His shoe-tie.
2. An action or quality that deserves its appro-
priate recompense; that in conduct or character
which claims reward or deserves punishment.
Usually in £/. (often = 1.)
¢ 1374 Cnaucer 7 roy/us ut, 1218 (1267) If thi grace passe
shaven desertis. 1393 Gower Con/. vty 154 He mote. .Se
the desertes of his men. 1549 Coverpate Erasm. Par.
2 Cor. 51 As every mans deseartes have been. .such shall his
rewardes be. 1555 WaTREMAN Fardle of Facions. v. 56
Punisshing thoff vnder his desertes. 1606 HotLanp
Eng. III. xiii. 99 The desecration of the abbey chapel
1870 Emerson Soc, §& Solit., Domestic Life Wks. ‘Bohn Ill.
55 Does the consecration of Sunday confess the desecration
of the entire week ?
Desecrative (de's/kreitiv), a. [f. DesecraTe
+ -IVE.] Calculated or tending to desecrate or |
deprive of sacred character.
a 1861 Mrs. Browninc Lett. R. H. Horne (1877) 1. ii. 18
{Is} the union between tragedy and the gas-lights .. less
desecrative of the Divine theory? 1865 CartyLe /redk. Gt.
1X. xx. iv.71 Merchants’ Bills were a sacred thing, in spite
of Bamberg and desecrative individualities.
Desecrator (de'sékre'ta:). Also -er [agent-n.
from DESECRATE: see -OR, -ER.] One who dese-
crates or profanes.
1879 Morey Burke vii. 131 The desecrators of the church
and the monarchy of France. _ 1882 /arfer’s Mag. LXV.
74 Man, the desecrater of the forest temples. 1884 Non-
conf. & Indep. 27 Mar. 300/3 Desecrators of the Sabbath.
+ Desecct, v. Obs.—° [f. L. désect-, ppl. stem
of désecare to cut away or off, f. De- I. 2 + secdre to
cut.) ¢rans. To cut away, cut down.
jee R. Caworey Zable Alph., Desect, cut away from any
thing.
+ Dese:ction. Obs.—° [ad. L. désection-em,
n. of action from désecare: see prec.] The action
of cutting off or cutting down.
1 Biount Glossogr., Desection, a cutting down. 1663
F. Hawkins Youth's Behav. 102 Desection, a mowing or
cutting off.
Desederabill, var. DesInERABLE Obs.
Desegmentation (disegménté-fon). Aio/.
[f. De- 11. 1+ Srcment.] The process of reducing
the number of segments by the union or coalescence
of several of these into one, as in the carapace of
a lobster, cranium of a vertebrate, etc. ; the fact or
condition of being thus united.
1878 Bett Gegenbaur’s Comp. Anat. 228 A number of
metameres may be united to form larger segments ..
This state of things results in a desegmentation of the
body.
Dese‘gmented, ///. a. iol. [f. as prec.]
Having the number of segments reduced by coale-
scence ; formed into one by coalescence of segments.
Deseite, Deseive, obs. ff. DecriT, DEcEIvE,
Desembogue, Deseminate, obs. ff. Disem-
BOGUE, DISSEMINATE.
Desemiticize, Desentimentalize, -ed: see
De- II. 1.
Desend, desention, obs, ff. DESCEND, -CENSION.
Desere(n, Deserite, obs. ff. DisHetr v., Dis-
HERIT.
Desert (dizs-1t), 54.1 Forms: 4- desert, 3-6
deserte, 4 desserte, 4-5 decertie, dissert, 6
dyserte, 6-7 desart. [a™OF. desert masc., de-
serte, desserte fem., derivs. of deservir, desservir to
Deserve. The Fr. words are analogous to descent,
descente, etc., and belong to an obs. pa. pple. desert
of deservir, repr. late L, -servit-um for -servit-um.]
1. Deserving; the becoming worthy of recompense,
i.e. of reward or punishment, according to the
good or ill of character or conduct; worthiness of
recompense, merit or demerit. 6
x . Grouc. (1724) 253 Vor be sopuast God... Dee after
Pona-yp rte exgas Z. E. Allit. P. A. $ot Pou quytez
vchon as hys desserte, 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour E vij b,
God rewarded eche of them after their deserte and meryte.
@ 1541 Wyarr Poet, Wks. (1861) 168 Such sauce as they have
served To me without desart. 1615 Cuarman Odyss. 1. 75
€gisthus past his fate, and had desert To warrant our in-
fliction, 1633 G. Herpert Temple, Sighs & Grones i, Odo
not use me After my sinnes ! look not on my desert. x
Jounson Rambler No. 193 ? 1 Some will always mistake
the degree of their own desert. 1861 Mitt U7i/it. v. 66
What constitutes desert?..a person is understood to de-
serve good if he does right, evil if he does wrong.
b. Ina good sense: Meritoriousness, excellence,
worth.
¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. mi. pr. vi. 78 It seme pat gentilesse
be a maner preysynge pat comeb of decert of auncestres,
¢ St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 473 For pe childes hye desert,
shewed meruaile in apert. 1590 MarLowe 2nd Pt. Tam-
burl. v. iii, If you retain desert of holiness., 1655 Futter
Ch. Hist. ut. vi. § 3 The Crown... due to him, no less by
desert then descent. 1704 Appison Poems, Cam,
On the firm basis of desert they rise. 1798 Trans. Soc.
Encourag. Arts XV1. 353 I visited him as a man of desert.
1840 Macautay Clive Ess. (1854) 38 Ordinary criminal
justice knows nothing of set "he greatest desert
= 5
Sueton. 42 That neither himselfe nor the olde beaten soldiers
might be rewarded according to their desarts. 1782 CowPeR
Lett. 6 Mar., The characters of great men, which are alwa
mysterious while they live .. sooner or later receive the
wages of fame or infamy according to their true deserts,
1861 Mitt Utilit, v. 92 To do to each according to his
deserts.
b. A good deed or quality; a worthy or meri-
torious action ; a merit. ? Ods.
[c 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. u. pr. vii. 56 Or doon goode decertes
to profit of be comune.) 1563 //omilies 1. Rogation Week.
(1859) 472 Alwaies to render him thanks. .for his deserts unto
us. 1657 J. Smitn Myst, Rhet. 143 It..serves for Amplifi-
cation, when, after a great crime, or desert, exclaimed upon
or extolled, it gives a moral note.
3. That which is deserved; a due reward or re-
compense, whether good or evil. Often in phr. 40
| get, have, meet with one's deserts.
nother ete nor
1393 Lanci. 2. 77. C. 1v. 293 Mede and mercede. .bope
men demen A desert for som doynge. 1483 Caxton G. de
la Tour F vij, For god gyueth to euery one the deserte of
his meryte. ax Lp, Berners //uon lix. 204, I shall
rynke tyll thou hast thy dysert. x,
Warning Faire Wom. u. 1508 Upon a pillory .. that al the
world may see, A just desert for suchimpiety. 1663 Butter
Hud. 1. ii. 40 But give to each his due desart. 1758 S.
Haywarp Serm. i. 10 This is the proper desert of Sin. 1756
Burke Vind. Nat. Soc. Wks. 1842 I. 18 Whether the greatest
villain breathing shall meet his deserts. 1853 C. Bronte
Villette xii. (1876) 474, 1 think I deserved strong reproof;
but when have we our deserts? 1882 Ouipa Maremma 1.
41 ‘He has got his deserts’, said Joconda.
Desert (de‘zait), 54.2 Forms: 3- desert;
also 3 deserd, diserd, 4 dissert, desarte, dezert,
4-5 disert, 5 dysert, 5-6 deserte, 5-9 desart
(which was the regularly accepted spelling of the
18th century). [a. OF. desert (12th c. in Littré),
ad. eccl. L. désertum (Vulgate, etc.), absol. use of
neuter of désertus adj., abandoned, deserted, left
waste : see DESERT a.]
1. An uninhabited and uncultivated tract of coun-
try; a wilderness: a. now conceived as a desolate,
barren region, waterless and treeless, and with but
scanty growth of herbage ;—e. g. the Desert of
Sahara, Desert of the Wanderings, etc.
a122g Aucr. R. 220 Ie desert..he lette ham polien wo
inouh. cx12ago Gen. §& Ex. 2770 Moyses was. .In deserd
depe. a1300 Cursor M. 5840 (Gitt.) Lat mi folk ne goakry
Pass, to worschip me in desarte [v. 7. desert, dishert].
[bid. 6533 (Gott.) Quen [moyses] was comen into dissert.
1484 Caxton Fables of Alfonce (1889) 2 He doubted to be
robbed within the desertys of Ara’ 1634 Six T. Herpert
Trav. 65 Barren Mountaynes, Sand and salty Desarts. 1691
Ray Creation 1. (1704) 94 More parched than the Desarts of
Libya. 1768 Boswett Corsica ii. (ed. 2) 117 [¢7. Tacitus]
Where they make a desart, they call it peace. 19771
Smottert Humph. Cl. 12 Sept., She fluttered, and
flattered, but all was preaching tothe desert. 1815 Evpnin-
stone Acc. Caubul (1842) 1. Introd. 25 He could live in his
desart and hunt his deer. 1823 Byron /s/and u, viii. note
The ‘ship of the desert’ is the Oriental figure for the came’
or dromedary, 1856 Stawiry Sinai § Pad. i, (1858) 64 The
Desert..a wild waste of pebbly soil.
ALY. LZ. 1. vii. 110
shade of melancholly boughes. Dennam wep tne
186 Cities os desnata, Woetaks Tier blame. 1834 Mrpwin
Angler in Wales 1. 69 Moors covered with whinberry
bushes..A more uni ing desert be ived,
2. transf. and fig.
1725 Pork Odyss. 1v. 748 To r8am the howling desart of
the Main. 1813 tie Giaour Bs The leafless desert of
the mind. 1827 Sourney /7ist, Penins, War Il. 752 What
in language is called a desert ; by which term an
blish is desi; where those hren whose
+ 3. abstractly. Desert or deserted condition ;
desolation. Ods.
€ Merlin 59 He was in a waste contree full of diserte,
1 D, Berners /roiss. I, cclxxxiv. 424 The pee ed
cok enabnnt ut devtytred Lymoges, and how it was
clene voyde as a towne of £1
+4. An name for a covey of lapwings.
“ros F vj b, A Desserte of Lapwyngs, 1688
in R, Hotme Armoury. :
DESERT. x
5. Comb. a. attrib., as desert-air, -bird, -circle,
-dweller, -pelican, -ranger, -troop ; D. locative and
instrumental, as desert-bred, -locked, -wearied adjs. ;
¢. similative, as desert-world, desert-like, -looking
adjs.; also desert-chough, a bird of the genus
Podoces, family Corvide, found in the desert regions
of Central Asia ; desert-falcon, a species of falcon
inhabiting deserts and prairies, 2 member of the
subgenus Gennwa, allied to the peregrines ; desert-
rod, a genus of labiate plants (Zremostachys) from
the Caucasus (77eas. Bot.); desert-ship, ‘ ship of
the desert’, the camel or dromedary; desert-snake,
a serpent of the family Psammophidx, a sand-snake;
and in various specific names of plants and animals,
as desert-lark, -mouse, -willow. :
1750 Gray Elegy xiv, And waste its sweetness on the *desert
air, 1813 Byron Giaour 950 The *desert-bird Whose beak
unlocks her bosom’s stream To still her famish’d nestlings’
scream. 1862 M. L. Wuatety Ragged Life Egypt x. (1863)
88 It [is] hard for any who are not *desert- to find their
way. 1879 DownEN Sonthey vii. 193 The *desert-circle
irded by the sky. 1810 Scorr Lad of L. m. iv, The
desert-dweller met his path. 1 Ris C. F. Gorpon
Cumminc in 19th Cent, Aug. 302 *Desert-larks, wheat-ears.
and other .. birds do their best to diminish the locusts,
1621 Lapy M. Wrorn Urania 441 In the *Desart-like
wildernes. 1872 Baxer Nile 7ribut. xxii. 384 These
*desert-locked and remote countries. 1844 Mem. Babylonian
P’cess. I. 121 A sandy “desert-looking tract. 1845 Mrs.
Norton Child of Islands (1846) 113 A “desert-pelican whose
heart's best blood Oozed in slow drops. 1822 J. MontTGomMERY
Hymn, ‘ Hail to the Lord's Anointed’ iv, Arabia's *desert-
ranger To Him shall bow the knee. 1824 Byron Def.
Trans. 1. i. 116 The .. patient swiftness of the *desert-ship,
The helmless dromedary! a Hoop An Ofen Question
xiv, That desert-ship the camel of the East. 1821 SHELLEY
Prometh. Unb. 1. 352 The brackish cup Drained by a
*desert-troop. 1827 Kesre Chr. Y. 2nd Sund. after Easter,
The *desert-wearied tribes. 1833 Rock Hierurg. (1892) I.
182 Pilgrimage through this *desert-world,
Desert, obs. form of DEssErT sé.
Desert (de-zait\, a. Also 4-6 deserte, 6-8
desart. [ME. desert a. OF. desert, mod.F. dé-
(11th c.) = Pr. and Cat. desert, Sp. desierto,
It. deserto :—L. désert-us abandoned, forsaken, left
or lying waste, pa. pple. of désertre to sever con-
nexion with, leave, forsake, abandon, etc. : in later
use treated as an attributive use of DesErr sé.,
and stressed desert; but the earlier stress is found
archaically in 18-19th c. in sense 1.]
1. Deserted, forsaken, abandoned. arch.
Sometimes as pa. pple.: cf. Desert v. 4.
1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxvi. 233 Wyde clothes des-
tytut and desert from al old honeste and good vsage. 1540
Hyrve tr. Vives’ Instr. Chr. Wom. (1592) Mvj, Noemy
had beene a widow and desert in deede. 1633 P. FLercner
Poet. Misc., Elisa u. iv, Her desert self and now cold Lord
lamenting. 1774 S. Westey in Westm, Mag. 11.654 When..
lies desert the monumented clay. 1792 S. Rocers Pleas.
Mem. 1. 69 As through the gardens desert paths I rove.
1868 Morris Earthly Par. 1, 254 In that wan place desert
of h and fear.
2. Uninhabited, unpeopled, desolate, lonely.
(In mod. usage this sense and 3 are freq. combined.)
1297 R. Grouc, 232 Pe les .. Byleuede in a wylder-
nesse..Pat me clepup nou Glastynbury, pat desert was po.
a1340 Hamrote Psalter Cant. 514 He fand him in land
deserte. 1494 Fanyan Chron. 1. ii. 9 This Ile wt Geaunts
whylom inhabyt.. Nowe beynge deserte. 1577 B. Gooce
Heresbach's Husb. 1. (1586) 127 They seeke
and desartest places that may be. Drvpen Virg,
Georg. 1. 94 W Deucalion hurl'd His Mother's Ent
on the desart World. 171x Appison Sfect, No. 85 P2
Fallen asleep in a desart wood. 1856 Bryant Poems, Toa
Veineel iv, The desert and illimitable air.
3. Uncultivated and unproductive, barren, waste ;
of the nature of a desert.
trey..is desart, sterile and full of loose sand,
Dryven Virg. Georg. 1v. 147 A thirsty Train That Jong
have travell’d thro’ a Desart in, 1716 Lapy M. W.
Turrtwatt Greece VI, li. 243 A cross-road leading over
a arid tract.
4. fig. Dry, uninteresting. rare.
a Mitton Hist. Mose. . (1851) 470 To a
travail of wandring through so y
esert Authors. ,
Desert (dizdut), v. [a. mod.F. déserier' to
abandon, in OF. to make desert, leave desert, =
Pr. and Sp. desertar, It. desertare ‘to make desart
or desolate’ (Florio), late L. désertare (Du Cange),
freq. of déseréve to abandon.]
1. “rans. To abandon, forsake, relinquish, give
up (a thing) ; to depart from (a place or position).
1603 in Grant Burgh Sch. Scotl, 11. xiii. 365 He.. was
uit to obey calling him thairto, and to leave and
Fis Wet Ghemrecth tom Moses Gammresth (he Rede,’ satires
bore Jliad xiv. 488 His slacken’d hand deserts the lance
it bore, bape Task 1. 392
OE ance ieee. Pie onan: pone to desert his
DESERT.
ancient ground. 1879 Luspock Sc7. Lect. ii. 36 Such a plant
would soon be deserted.
2. To forsake (a person, institution, cause, etc.
having moral or legal claims upon one) ; sfec. of
a soldier or sailor: ‘Io quit without permission,
run away from (the service, his colours, ship, post
of duty, commander, or comrades). :
5 Crarenpon /Zist. Reb. 11. (1843) 44/t His affection to
the church so notorious, that he never deserted it. 1654 tr.
Martini's Cong. China 182 Kiangus seeing himself deserted
of the ‘lartars..returned to the City. 1700 S. L. tr. Fryhe's
Voy. E. Ind. 277 The Dutch that sometimes desert us, and go
over to the King of Candi. ¢1790 Wittock Voy. 175 The
christian merchants .. totally deserted him. 1791 Mrs.
Ravcurre Rom, Forest xii, The offence you have com-
mitted by deserting your post. 1891 Sir H. C. Lopes in
Law Times’ Rep. UXV. 603/1 A husband deserts his wife
bales ia absents himself from her society, in spite of
er wish.
b. To abandon or give up fo something. arch.
1658 J. Wess tr. Cleopatra VIII. ii. 53 The Princesse
..deserted her soul to the most violent effects of Passion,
1673 Mitton True Relig. Wks. (1847) 563/2 It cannot be
imagined that God would desert such painful and zealous
labourers ..to damnable errours. 1812 LaNnpor Count
Julian Wks. 1846 II, 508 Gracious God ! Desert me to my
sufferings, but sustain My faith in Thee !
e. Of powers or faculties: To fail so as to
disappoint the needs or expectations of.
1667 Mitton P. L. vil. 563 Wisdom. .deserts thee not.
1748 Anson's Voy. 11. x. (ed. 4) 322 The infallibility of the
oly Father had. .deserted him, id Teeth Plato (ed. 2)
I, 260 In the presence of Socrates, his thoughts seem to
desert him.
+d. To fall short of (a standard). Ods. rare.
1664 Power Ex. Philos. 1. 91 The Quicksilver. .will not
much desert nor surmount the determinate height..of 29
inches
3. zntr. (or adsol.) To forsake one’s duty, one’s
post, or one’s party ; esp. of a soldier or sailor:
To quit or run away from the service in violation
of oath or allegiance.
-~ Frnl. Ho, Lords, Vhe Lords Spiritual. .who Deserted
(not Protested) against the Vote in the House of Peers.
1693 W. Frexe Art of War vy. 247 Hannibal finding his
Souldiers desert. 1792 Gent?. Mag. LXI1.1. 561 The fourth
regiment .. deserted in a body with their Colonel at their
head. 1802-3 tr. Pallas’ Tvav. (1812) II. 299 The Kozaks..
deserted to the Turks, 1840 THirtWALL Greece VIL, lvii. 230
He deserted in the midst of the battle.
4. Sc. Law. a. trans. (with pa. pple. in 6 desert.)
To relinquish altogether, or to put off for the
time (a suit or ‘diet”) ; to prorogue (Parliament).
b. intr. To cease to have legal force, become
inoperative.
1539 Sc. Acts Fas. V (1814) 353 (Jam.) That this present
parliament proceide .. quhill it pleiss the kingis grace that
the samin be desert. 1569 Dinrn. Occurr. (1833) 152 Thair
foir that the saidis lettres sould desert in thameselff. 1752
J. Lournian Form of Process (ed. 2) 251 For deserting a
Diet, or assoilzieing a Pannel. 1773 Erskine Jus¢. wv. (Jam..,
If any of the executions appear informal, the court deserts
the diet. 1861 W. Bett Dict. Law Scotl. s.v. Desertion,
To desert the diet sémf/iciter ..will..put a stop to all
further proceedings.
Hence Dese:rting v0/. sb. and fi. a.
1646 J. WnitaKker Uzziah 23 His just deserting of them.
1700 Drypen Palam. & Arc, m1. 411 Bought senates and
deserting troops are mine. 1883 T7es 27 Aug. 3/6 Colonel
Rubalcaba. .almost single-handed, had pursued his desert-
ing regiment.
Deserted (d/zs-1téd), p47. a. [f. Desert v, +
-ED.] Forsaken, abandoned, left desolate.
1629 J. Maxwee tr. Herodian (1635) 413 The deserted
Villages. 1667 Miron P. L. iv. 922 Thy deserted host.
175t Jounson Rambler No. 107 ®8 The hospital for the
reception of deserted infants, 1769 Gotpsmitn (¢it/e) The
Deserted Village: a Poem. 1855 Macautay Hist. Eng. 1V.
212 The deserted hamlets were then set on fire.
Dese'rtedness. [f. prec. +-Nxss.] Deserted
condition, forlorn desolation.
1818 Blackw. Mag. II. 219 The .. unexpected deserted-
ness ., of this romantic city. 1866 AtcEr So/it. Nat. §
Man u. 37 True desertedness and its pangs.
Deserter (dizs-1to1). Also 7 desertor, -our.
[f Desert v.+-ER!; after F. déserteur, L. désertor
one who forsakes, abandons, or deserts, agent-noun
from déserére to leave, forsake.]
1. One who forsakes or abandons a person, place,
or cause ; usually with implied breach of duty or
allegiance. Const. of.
1635 A. Srarrorp Fem. Glory (1869) 80 A base Desertour
of my Mother Church. 1 Dryven Virg. Georg. wv. 91
Streight to their ancient Cells .. The reconcil’d Deserters
will repair. 1769 ¥unius Lett. xv. 64 A submissive admin-
istration .. collected from the deserters of all parties. oy
Act 48-9 Vict. c. 60 § 15 The extradition of offenders (includ-
ing deserters of wives and children).
2. esp. A soldier or seaman who quits the service
without permission, in violation of oath or alle-
giance.
1667 Decay Chr. Piety iii. § 7. 219 We are the same de-
sertors whether we stay in our own camp, or run over to
the enemy’s. 1700 S. L. tr. Fxyke's Voy. E. Ind. 91 These
we immediately hung up ..as it is the constant custom,
which the Dutch observe whenever they catch any of their
Deserters. 1841 Evpuinstone //ist. Jnd. Il. 165 Deserters
of different ranks came in from Cabul.
attrib, 1 Daily News 13 Jan., The deserter officers.
Von, III.
241
Desertful (d/z5:3tfiil), a.1 ? Ods. [f. Desert
sb.14+-FUL.] Of great desert ; meritorious, deserv-
ing. Const. of
1583 Go.pinG Calvin on Deut. \xxxiv. 518 To shewe that
God is beholden to vs, that our workes are desertfull, 1621
Fretrcuer Wild-Goose Chase v. vi, Vill 1 be more desertful
in youreye, 1638 Forp Lady’s 7rial.. i, ‘Therein He shews
himself desertful of his happiness.
+ Dese'rtful, ¢.2 Obs. rare.
+-FUL.] Desert, desolate.
160r Cuester Loves Mart. 21 Enuie, go packe thee..To
some desertfull plaine or Wildernesse.
Dese'rtfully, adv. [f. Deserrrun a.) + -1y.]
By desert, deservingly, rightfully.
1598 Munpay & Cuertir Downf, Earl Huntington u. ii.
in Hazl. Dodsley VIII. 132 As Lacy lies, Desertfully, for
pride and treason stabb'd. 1619 7Znze’s Storehouse 58/2 \1..),
[f. DrsErt sd,”
Aristotle (and very desertfully) calleth the commonwealth of |
the Massilians oligarchia. 1625 J/odedd Wit 62 Wherefore
desertfully. .a fault of diuers conditions .. ought not to bee
censured with one and the same punishment.
Desertion (dizd1fan). Also 7 dissertion.
[a. F. désertion (1414 in Hatzf.), ad. L. désertion-
em, n. of action from deserve to forsake, abandon,
f. De- I. 2 + sercve to join.]
1. The action of deserting, forsaking, or abandon-
ing, esp. a person or thing that has moral or legal
claims to the deserter’s support ; sometimes simply,
abandonment of or departure from a place.
x W. Perkins (¢7¢/e), Spiritual Desertions, seruing to
Terrifie all Drowsie Protestants. 1612-15 Br. Havi Con-
templ., N. T. 1. vi, Season, and sea, and wind, and their
Master's desertion, had agreed to render them perfectly miser-
able. 1651 DAVENANT Gondibert U1. 111. lxiv, These scorn the
Courts dissertion of their age. 1671 Mitton Samson 632
Swoonings of despair, And sense of Heaven’s desertion. 1683
Brit, Spec. 178 After the Desertion of this Island by the
Romans. 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 170 ® 13 Mingled his
assurances of protection .. with threats of total desertion.
1856 Kane Arct. Expl. I. xxviii. 278 A desertion of the
coast and a trial of the open water. 1875 Jowetr Plato
I. 341 He is certain that desertion of his duty is an evil.
2. Law. The wilful abandonment of an employ-
ment or of duty, in violation of a legal or moral
obligation ; esf, such abandonment of the military
or naval service. Also, wilful abandonment of the
conjugal society, without reasonable cause, on the
part of a husband or wife.
1712 W. Rocers Voy. Introd. 18 In case of Death, Sick-
ness or Desertion of any of the above Officers. 1811 WEL-
LINGTON in Gurw. Desf, VIII. 292 They have nearly put a
stop to desertion from the enemy’s ranks. 1840 THirtwaLt
Greece VII. \vii. 231 Ranks thinned by frequent desertions.
1891 Sir H. C. Lopes in Law Times’ Rep. LXV. 603/1
To constitute desertion the parties must be living together
as man and wife when the desertion takes place.
3. Sc. Law. Desertion of the diet: Abandonment
of proceedings on the libel in virtue of which the
panel has been brought into court ; which may be
simpliciter, altogether, or pro /oco et tempore, tem- -
porarily. See Drserr v. 4.
1861 W. Beit Dict. Law Scotl. 281/1 The effect of such
a [simfliciter] desertion of the diet is declared to be, that
the panel shall be for ever free of all challenge or question
touching that offence.
4. Deserted condition ; desertedness.
1751 Jounson Rambler No. 174 13, | was convinced, by
a total desertion, of the impropriety of my conduct. 1821
Soutney Vs. Yudgem. iii, ‘That long drear dream of deser-
tion. x Farrar Marlo. Serm. vi. 51 The College build-
ings will be almost melancholy in their desertion and silence.
+b. Theol. ‘Spiritual despondency; a sense of
the dereliction of God’ (Johnson). Oés.
@1716 Soutn (J.), The spiritual agonies of a soul under
desertion,
+ Desertive (dizs:itiv),%. Obs. rare. [f. De-
SERT 5d,!+-IVE.] Meritorious, worthy.
1596 Nasue Saffron Walden 124 Master Bodley, a Gentle-
man .. of singular desertiue reckoning and industrie.
Desertless (d/zs-1tlés), a. [f. Desert sé.1
+-LESS.]
1. Without desert or merit ; undeserving.
160r Cornwattyes Ess. m1. li. (1631) 329 If desertlesse the
begger and you differ but in the quantitie. 1631 Heywood
Maid of West . 1. Wks. 1£74 11. 352 Prize me low And of
desertlesse merit. 1700 Astry tr. Saavedra-Faxardo 11. 108
He promis’d to reform the Militia, and afterwards admitted
Persons wholly desertless. 1891 Pal? Mall G. 23 Dec. 2/3
Constant to her desertless husband.
+ . oe undeserved. Ods.
1556 J. Hevwoop Spider §& F. xv. 47 This augmenteth m
greefe, Thus to be chargde, with desertion reneste: pri
DEKKER Gentle Craft Wks. 1873 I. 74 Your Grace .. Heapt
on the head of this degenerous boy, Desertless favours.
1613-31 Primer our Lady 366 The mother wailing For her
Sons desertlesse paine,
+3. Involvingnorecompense or reward ; thankless.
1607 Tourneur Rev. Trag. m1. vi, 1 am allotted To that
desertlesse office, to present you With the yet*bleeding head.
1615 T. ApaMs Lycanthropy Ep. Ded. 1 tt is no desertlesse
office to discover that insatiate , Soc
Hence Dese‘rtlessly adv., undeservedly.
1611 Beaum. & Fi. King § xo King m1. ii, People will call
you valiant ; desertlessly I think.
Desertless (de-zaitlés), 2.2 rare. [f. DESERT
sb.2 + -LESS.] Without or devoid of desert land.
1822 New Monthly Mag. 1V. 374 We recognize the lio
as having some other relation to our desertless jsland. —-
DESERVE.
Desertness (de‘zaitnés), [f. Desert a. +
-NESS.] Desert condition ; barren desolation.
a 1400 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 203 In whylsum place of
desertnes. 1548 Upatt, etc. Evasm. Par. Luke v. 64 The
desertenesse of the countrey liyng waste. @1656 UssHer
Ann. (1658) 773 The desertnesse of the Country. .did much
afflict them. 1860 Ruskin J/od. Paint. V. 1x. i. 201 True
desertness is not in the want of leaves, but of life.
+ Dese‘rtrice. Os. rare. [f. Deserrer: on
the type of IF. feminines, e.g. acteur, actrice : see
-TRICE.] A female deserter.
1645 Mitton Jetrach. (1851) 166 Cleave to a Wife, but let
her bee a wife .. not an adversary, not a desertrice.
So also Dese‘rtress, Dese’rtrix. [see -TRIX.]
In mod. Dicts. ;
| Dese'rtuous, desa‘rtuous, 2. Oés. [irreg.
f. L. désertum Dusert sb.* + -ous.] Of the nature
of a desert ; of or pertaining to a desert.
1632 Lirncow 77vav. v1. 253 In all this deformed Countrey,
wee saw neyther house, nor Village, for it is altogether de-
sartuous. /déd. vii. 320 ‘The Isthmus, and Confine of De-
sartuous Arabia, /did. 1x. 378 My Desartuous wandring.
De'serty, a. [f. Desert sd.2 +-y.] Having
the quality of a desert.
1891 W.S. Hawkes in Chicago Advance 29 Jan., The most
deserty of deserts, where there is not a green thing.
+ Dese'rvably, adv. “Obs. rare. [f. *deservable
(f. DESERVE v. + -ABLE).] Deservedly, justly.
1593 Q. Eniz. Boethius wv. 86 Want of punishment, which
deserueably thy self hast confest is the greatest yll Iniquitie
can haue,
Deserve (dtzs1v), v. Forms: 4- deserve;
also 4 de-, des-, discerve, desserve, 4-6 dis-
serve, 6 dyserve. [a. OF. deserv-ir, now (for
sake of pronunciation) desservir:—L. déservire to
serve zealously, well, or meritoriously, f. DE- I. 3
+ servire to serve: hence, in late pop. L., to merit
by service.]
+1. ¢vans. To acquire or earn a rightful claim,
by virtue of actions or qualities, to (something’ ;
to become entitled to or worthy of (reward or
punishment, esteem or disesteem, position, desig-
nation, or any specified treatment). Ods. or arch.
[x292>Britton vy. x. § 5 Si ele ne puisse averrer .. qe ele
pout dowarie y deservi] c1325 /. de. Addit. 2. B. 613
3yf euer by mon vpon molde merit disserued. ¢ 1340 Crrsor
AT, 10350 (‘Trin.) Childre pat. .ofte deseruen [Lazat decervyn]
muchel mede. c¢ 1400 Ao. Kose 3093, I drede youre wrath
to disserve. 1495 slct 11 Hen. 1/1, c. 22 § 4 Artificers ..
waste moch part of the day and deserve not their wagis.
@ 1533 Lo. Berners //vox |xiii. 219 Honoure is dewe to
them that dyserueth it. 1590 Suaxs. A//ds. Nv. ii, 124
When at your hands did I deserue this scorne? 1713 Appt-
son Cat‘ot. ii, "Tis not in mortals to Command Success, But
we'll do more, Sempronius ; we ’ll Deserve it.
tb. Const. with 2xf. Obs. or arch.
1385 Cuaucer L.G. IV. Prol. 502 That hast deseruyd
sorere for to smerte. ¢1400 Maunpev. (1839) ix. 200 Men
that han disserved to ben dede.
te. with indirect obj. and subord. clause. Ods.
1529 More Dyaloge 1v. Wks. 268/1 Nor neuer deserued
we vnto him y* he should so much doe for vs.
2. To have acquired, and thus to have, a rightful
claim to; to be entitled to, in return for services
or meritorious actions, or sometimes for ill deeds
and qualities; to be worthy to have. (Now the
ordinary sense, in which /o dese: ve is the result of
having deserved in sense 1.)
[¢ 1400 Maunvev. (Roxb.) Prol. 1 He desserued neuer nane
euill; for he did neuer euill, ne thoght neuer euill.) ¢ 1440
Promp, Parv. 120 Deservyn.. be worthy to havyn (K),
mereor. ¢1500 New Not-br. Mayd in Anc. Poet. Tracts
(Percy Soc.) 46 Mercy or grace, A fore your face, He none
deseruethindede. 1599 H. Butres Dyets drie Dinner Gv,
We have many other herbes which deserve that name. 1599
Suaxs. Much Ado u1.i. 45 Doth not the Gentleman Deserue
as full as fortunate a bed? 1631 Suirtey Love Tricks v. ii,
He gave me two or three kicks, which I deserved well
enough. 1651 Hoppers Leviaté. 1. xxvii. 156 All Crimes doe
equally deserve the name of Injustice. 1668 Lapy Cua-
worTH in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v.10 Mr. Ho.
. deserves a better fate than to be ever of the loosing side.
1676 Lister in Ray's Corr. (1848) 124, I am well pleased
your Catalogue of Plants is again to be printed : it certainly
deserves it. 1716 Lapy M.W. Montacu Le?¢. 10 Oct. (1887)
I. 128, I deserve not all the reproaches you make me. c¢ 1850
Arab, Nts. 546 Do you think that you deserve the favour ?
Mod. The subject deserves fuller treatment than can be
given to it here.
Jig. or transf. a@ 1631 Donne Lett., To Mrs. B. White
(1651) 6 Not to return till towards Christmas, except the
business deserve him not so long.
b. Const. with inf.
1585 J. B. tr. Viret’s Sch. Beastes Aivb, Yf the beastes
do better their office.. then men doe theirs, they deserve
more to be called reasonable, then men. 1612 Brinstry
Lud. Lit. xiii. (1627) 174 Herein many a Master deserves
rather to be beaten then the scholler. 1841-4 EmErson
Ess., Spir, Laws Wks. (Bohn) I. 65 Only those books come
down which deserve to last. 1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. (1858)
I. ii. go The clergy had won the battle then because they
deserved to win it.
3. absol. or intr. +a. To become entitled to the
fitting recompense of action, character, or qualities.
b. To be so entitled ; to have just claims for reward
or punishment ; to merit, be worthy. Often in phr.
to deserve ill or well of. :
¢ 1300 7 reat. Pop. Science 140 And went wheder heo hath
deserved, to joye other to pyne. 1340 Hampote Psalter
xvi. 1 Here me as my rightwisnes deserues. 1400 Destr.
31*
DESERVE.
Troy 12029 Ryches..To be delt to pe dughti..As pai soth!
desseruyt. 1535 Coverpate Zec/. ix. 5 They y* be pod
knowe nothinge, nether deserue they eny more. a 1669
‘Trare in Spurgeon 7yeas. Dav. Ps. vii. 16 Executed at
Tyburn, as he had well deserven. 1697 Drypen lirg.
pons 0 136 That he, who best deserves, alone may reign.
1709 EARNE Coélect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) IL. 234 He deserves
well of the Publick. 18r1 Gent. Fioyp in Southey Life
Bell (1844) 11. 640 You would, indeed, to use the French
phrase, ihesieve well of the a 1840 ‘THACKERAY
Paris Sk. Bk, Fr. Fashion. Novels, Deputies who had de-
served well of their country. 1875 Jowerr Plato (ed, 2) V.
348 Slaves ought to be punished as they deserve.
ec. in implied good sense.
1608 Mipoieton 7/7ick to catch Old One 1. i, Find him so
officious to deserve, So ready to supply! 1952 Younc
Brothers w.i, While you deserved, my passion was sincere.
+4. trans. To secure by service or quality of
action; to earn, win. b. Const. fo (=for): To
earn or win for (another). Ods.
1377 Lanai. P. Pl. B. xiv. 134 Selden deieth he out of
dette pat dyneth ar he deserue it. 1393 Gower Conf. III.
299 He ..which had his prise destrved Waa made begin a
middel borde. 1440 Gesta Rom. x. 29 (Harl. MS.) Me
most euery day nedis laboure, and deserue viij pense. ¢1500 |
Lancelot 1027 Vharfor y red hir thonk at pow disserue. 1590 |
Mar.towe “dw. //, 1. ii, But by the sword, my lord, ’t
must be deserv'd.
b. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R.A. xvii. (1495) 43 And
in prayenge the angel desceruyth mede to vs. ¢ 1449 Pecock
Repr. i. xix. 266 A cros..was the instrument wher yn Crist
..deserued to us al oure good. 1628 GauLte Pract. 7h.
(1629) 10 How..could the humane Nature of ours deserue
that to vs which his own could not deserue vnto it selfe ?
+ 5. To serve, do service to; to be serviceable or
subservient to; to serve or treat well, to benefit. Ods.
©1340 Cursor M. 8405 (Trin.) pat neuer did ne disserued
(Cott. seruid) vileny. 1382 Wycuir //ed. xiii. 16 By suche
oostis God is disseruyd. 1g§0r Douctas Pal. //on, Prol. 93
How lang sall I thus foruay Quhilk 3ow and Venus in this
garth deseruis? 1625 Massincer New Way w. ii, Of all the
scum that grew rich by my riots, This .. and this .. have
worst deserved me. 1634 — Very Woman 1. iii, You in this
Shall much deserve me.
tb. éatr. with fo, for, or infinitive in same sense. Odés.
© 1380 Wyciir Ser. Sel. Wks. II. 250 Loue techip to for-
3eue hem and disserue to hem. c 1480 tr. De /milatione i.
lv, Thou knowist..hov muche tribulacion deseruip to purge
rust of my vices. c¢ 1460 BA, Grossetest's Honseh Stat.
in Babees Bk, (1868) 330 The vessels deseruyng for ale and
wyne. 1526 /’ilgr Perf. iW. de W. 1531) 109 b, For these
vertues .. deserueth to the gyfte of pite, and thexercyse of
them disposeth..man to the perfeccyon of the same.
+6. ¢vans. To give in return for service rendered;
to pay back, requite. Ods.
¢ 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 1624 Medea, My might, ne my
labour, May nat disserve it in myn lyvys day. 1393 Gower
Conf. II. 156 But other, which have nought deserved
Through vertue .. A king shall nought deserve grace.
1470-85 Matory Arthur ut. ix, Lam moche beholdyng ynto
hym, & I haue yll deserued it vnto hym for his kyndenes.
1523-5 Lp. Beeners /rorss. 11. 638 (R.) Whereof we shall
thanke you, and deserve it to you and yours.
Deserved (diz5-1vd, -éd), ppl.a. [f. prec. + -ED.]
1. Rightfully earned ; merited.
1552 Hutort, Deserued, meritus. 1579 Sipney A fol.
Poetrie (Arb.) 20 His deserued credite. 107 Snaks. Cor.
11. iii. 140 Giue him deseru’d vexation. 1709 Steere 7atler
No.g Pt The Old Batchelor, a Comedy of deserved Repu-
tation. 1828 Scott /. A/. Perth xxxii, The day of thy de-
served doom, 1859 F. Hatt. Vdsavadattd, Pref. 46 Com-
mentaries which are held in deserved esteem,
+2. That has deserved [ L. mer7¢us] ; meritorious,
worthy; =DEsERVING ffl. a. Obs. rare.
1607 SHaks. Cor. 1. i. 292 Rome, whose Gratitude To-
wards her deserued Children, is enroll d.
Deservedly (dizsvedli), adv. [f. Deservep
+-LY2. Cf. L. merito.]) According to desert or
merit ; rightfully, worthily.
1548 THomas /tal. Gram., Meritamente, woorthely or
deseruedly. 1576 Fremine /’anopl. Epist. 415 It may de-
servedly challenge immortalitie. 1671 Mitton /?. 2. 1. 407
Deservedly thou griev'st, composed of lies. 1709 Appison
Tatler No. 122 ? 1 A People of so much Virtue were de-
servedly placed at the Head of Mankind, 1872 Jenkinson
Guide Eng. Lakes (1879) 176 Some of the views are much
and deservedly per tt
Dese‘rvedness. [f. as prec.+-nrss.] The
quality of having ce-erved ; desert, worthiness; in
good sense, excellence.
a 1628 F. Grevitte Sidney (tas) 24 No exterior Signe of
degree, or deservedness. 1643 1. Goopwin Aggrav. Sin 31
Daniel would convince Balshazzar of his deservednesse to
lose his Kingdome. 1889 A. P. Foster in Chicago Advance
28 Mar., ‘he deservedness of his cause.
Dese'rveless, ¢. rare. [f. Deserve v. +
a Undeserving.
1648 Herrick //esfer., To his Bk, (1869) 79 Deserveless of
the name of Paragon,
Hence Dese‘rvelessly adv., undeservedly, un-
justifiably,
1654 Vitvain Efit, Ess. 1.77 Henry put to death deserve-
lesly [printed deservdlesly), tT wo Noblemen.
Deserver ((/z5:1va1). In 6 -our. [f. DESERVE
v.+-ER!, Cf. OF, deserveor, -eur (Godef.).] One
who deserves or merits ; esp. one who deserves well.
1549 Upatt, etc. Erasm, Par. 1 Tim, vi. 2 More is to
be done for y’ deseruour than for the exactour, more for
the louyng maister[etc.]. 1606 Suaxs. Ant. & CZ. 1. ii. 193
Whose Loue is neuer link'd to the deseruer, Till his deserts
are past. 1623 BincHam Eta pte 139 Kinde remembrers
of your well deseruers. 1631 Laup Wes, (18: a; 256 ‘The
man certainly is an ill deserver, 1704 Swirt ri 6 iil. Wks.
242
we I. 48 Other great deservers of mankind. ie E.
ATHER lem. II, 364 Christ is the deserver of everything
for sinners. *
+ Dese'rveress. ds.
female deserver.
1612 Suetton Quix. I. 1.i. 3 Make you Deserveress of the
teers that your Greatness deserves. 1710Sreete 7atler
0. 178 Pt. 2
+ Dese'rvice. (ls. rare—'. In 5 -yce. [f.
DESERVE v., after service. (OF. had deservice =
DIssERVICE.)] = Desert sd! ; deserving.
1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. \xxviii. 64 He reproued. .lyther
tyrants and hem chastysed after hir deseruyse.
+ Dese'rvient, ///. a. Obs. [ad. L. déservient-
em, pr. pple. of déservire to serve zealously, etc.]
Of service, helpful.
1578 Banister Hist. Mam 1. 22 Passages .. deseruient to
the transmitting of Sinewes. 1661 Sir //, Vane's Politicks
12 More sutable to the Time, then deservient to Necessity.
Dese (diz3-1vin), vl. sb. [f. DESERVE
v.+-1NG!.] Desert, merit ; = Desert sd.1
1388 Wycuir P's. vii. 5 Falle Y, bi disseruyng. 1482 Monk
of Evesham (Arb.) 37 Aftyr ther olde merytys and de-
seruynges .. holpe .. or lettyd. @1gq4x Wyatr Poet. Wks.
(1861) 185 Chastise me not for my deserving According to
thy just conceived ire. 1600 E. Biounr tr Conestaggio 94
Striving to make knowne his better deserving. 1721 CipBER
[f. prec. + -Ess.] A
Love in Riddle. i, My weak Praise would wrong his full .
Deservings. 1814 Mrs. J. West Alicia de Lacy |, 181 Was
he, indeed. ignorant of his own deserving? 1866 KincsLey
//erew iii, Ah, that he would reward the proud according
to their deservings,
Dese'rving, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG 2.]
That deserves (good, ill, etc.) ; used contextually
with either sense implied ; but esf. in a good sense,
meritorious, worthy.
1576 Freminc Panopl. Epist. 117 Your meritorious and
wel deserving behaviour. c 1610 MippieTon, etc, Widow
1. i, To the deservingest of all her sex. 1676 Drypen
Aurengz. v.i. p. 77 Cease to grieve And for a more de-
serving Husband live. @1685 Otway (J.), Courts are the
slaces .. Where the deserving ought to rise. 1828 G. W.
Bae Ann. Yamaica M1. xv. 224 Severer punishment
upon the deserving culprits. Mod. The problem of the
relief of the deserving poor.
b. Const. of (rarely omitted’. F
1769 Go.psmitn Rom. //ist. (1786) Il. 259 He was highly
deserving this distinction. 1813 J. THomson Lect. [nflam.
171 Observations the more deserving of your attention. 1854
J.S.C. Assott Na/folcon (1855) 11. xii. 206 They all appeared
deserving his attention. 1855 Macautay ///st. Eng. VII. 405
Delinquents. deserving of exemplary punishment.
Deservingly (dizsvinli), adv. [f. prec. +
-LY-.) Ina deserving manner ; meritoriously.
1552 Hucoet, Deseruingly, merito. c1561 Veron Free-
will 51 b, lustlye and deseruinglye put from those thinges,
1650 R. Sraryiton Strada's Low C. Warres vin. 3 Had
often (and deservingly) the experience of ill fortune. 1737
Clorana 125 Bellmont had placed his Friendship very de-
servingly.
Dese‘rvingness. [f. as prec. + -NEss.] De-
serving quality, desert, merit ; worthiness.
1631 Celestina xi. 145 Growne to. .a better deservingnesse
in your selves, 1865 J. Grore Treat, Moral /deas ii.(1876)
21 That virtue consisted in moral beauty, or in deservingness
of human approbation.
sese, obs. var. of DIskASR, DISSEIZE v.
+ Desespei'r, 5. Ols. Also 5 dess-, dis-,
-peyr(e. [a. OF. desespeir (mod.F. désespotr), vbl.
sb. from désespérer to DesPatr, q.v.] By-form of
DESPAIR 5d,
¢ 1374 Cuaucer 7roylus 1. 605 With desespeir (v.77. des-
sespeir, disespeyr] so sorwfully me offendeth. 1393 Gower
Conf. I. 125 In desespeire a man to falle.
+ Desespei're, v7. Ods. Also disespeyre. [a.
OF. desespere-r.] By-form of Despair v.
€ 1380 Cuaucer Com. tg his Lady 7 So desespaired Lam
from alle blisse, ¢1430 LypG. A/in. Poems (Percy Soc.) 236
A verray preef of his mercy, that no man disespeyre, —
ibid. 179 Disespeyred.
+ Dese'sperance, -aunce. (és. Also dis-.
[a. OF. niet He (1ath c. in Hatzf.) = Pr. des-
esperansa, a Romanic compound of des-, L. dis- +
esperantia, -2a, -ce, f. esperare, esperer:—L.. spérare |
to hope.] Despairing, despair. :
©3374 Cuaucer 7’ roy/us 11,1258 (1307) That lay. . By-twixen
hope and derk desesperaunce. c 1460 Pol. Rel. & 2. Poems
(1866) 68 His suerte he putteth in disesperaunce.
+ Dese'sperat, a. O/s. In 4 dis-. [ad. OF,
desesperé, Pr. desesperat, =1.. désperat-us despaired,
DesPERATE.] Desperate, hopeless.
¢1384 Cuaucer 1, Fame wm. 925 And wost thy selfen
outtirly Disesperat of alle blys.
Deseue, -seuy, -seve, obs. ff. DeckivE v.
¢ 1350 Will. Palerne 3307 A-drad to pe deth pei deseuy
here wold,
Desever, obs. form of DissEvER 2.
Deseyt, -te, Deseyve, obs. forms of Drcrir,
Deceive, ete.
Des -guise, -gyse, obs, ff, Discuss.
abille: see DIsHABILLE.
Desherit, etc., obs. form of DisHertr, etc.
Deshese, Deshight, obs. ff. Diszasx, Dr-
SIGHT.
Deshonour, obs. form of DisHonour.
Desi, obs. form of Dizzy a.
Desiatin, var. of DesstaTINE.
, DESICCATIVE.
Desiccant (disi-kint, de-sikint), @. and sd.
ad. L. désiccant-em, pr. pple. of désiccare: see
rere and _ there as to stress.]
. adj, Having the Perty of drying ; serving
to dry; esp. of a medicinal agent. — .
Asn, Desiccant, ing, dryi humours.
HC Woon Therap. i879) 39 Liters ©. wood sa deme
cers,
| cant astringent powder for u
B. sb. A drying or desiccating agent ; a medicine
or remedy which dries up.
Be - Wiseman Surgery vi. v. (R.’, We endeavour by
erate detergents and desiccants, to cleanse and dry the
diseased parts. 1866 Pall Mall G. No. 492. 739/1 Dry air
is the most effective desiccant.
Desiccate, ff/. a. arch. [ad. L. désiccat-us
dried up, pa. pple. of déstccare: see next.) Desic-
cated, dried.
¢ 1420 Pallad. on Husb, wv. 179 But daies thre this seede
is goode bewette In mylk or meth, and after desiccate Sette
hem; thai wol be swete. 1626 Bacon Sy/va § 842 Bodies
desiccate, by Heat, or Age. 1840 Browninc Sorde//o 11. 313
Juicy in youth or desiccate with age. ‘
Desiccate (disi-ke't, desikeit), v7 [f. L. déstc-
cat-, ppl. stem of déstccare to dry completely, dry
up, f. De- I. 3 + stccare to dry, stecus dry.
(For changing stress see note to ConreMpLate : desi'ccate
is the only pronunciation in Dicts. down to 1864, and in
Ogilvie 1882, Cassell 1883.)]
. trans, Yo make quite dry; to Wh Bee thor-
oughly of moisture ; to dry, dry up. Also fig.
In U.S. applied to the thorough drying of articles of food
for preservation.
1575 Turserv. Faulconrie 261 They doe mollifie, and de-
siccate the wounde or disease. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 727 Wine
helpeth to digest and desiccate the moisture, 1657 TomLin-
son Kenou's Disp. 181 This .. will desiccate an wv 1808
J. Bartow Columé, w. 426 No.. courtly art [shall] Damp
the bold thought or desiccate the heart. 1832 I. Tayior
Saturday Even. (1834) 297 Atheism in all its forms desiccates
the affections. 1839 Pawey Festus Proem, Though we
should by art Bring earth to gas and desiccate the sea. 1883
Proctor in Anow/, 3 Aug. 74/1 The shock was of sufficient
intensity to .. partially desiccate the muscular tissues,
2. intr. ‘To become dry. rare.
1679 Rycaut Grk. Church 277 Bodies of such whom they
have Canonized for Saints to continue unconsumed, and ..
to dry and desiccate like the Mummies in Egypt.
Hence Desiceating v//. sb. and pf/. a.
1651 tr. Bacon's Life & Death 7 They speak much of the
Elementary Quality of Siccity or Drienesse ; and of things
Desiccating. 1866 J. Martineau £ss. 1. 388 ‘The very things
which this desiccating rationalism flung off. 1871 B. Srewart
Heat § 63 The .. air was .. thoroughly dried by being passed
through a desiccating apparatus. 1893 4 thenanum 1 Apr.
402/2 That desiccating of the Anglo-Saxon in North America
which Humboldt and others have commented upon,
Desiccated (disike'téd, desike'téd), ppl. a.
[f. Desiccate v. + -ED.] Deprived or freed of
moisture ; dried; (of food) dried for preservation,
1677 Hate /’rim. Orig. Man. 1. vii. 193 By elevation ..
from the Sea or some desiccated places thereof. 1847-8 H.
Miter First /mpr. xvii. (1857) 330 The living souls. . which
had once animated these withered and desiccated bodies.
1884 Health Exhib, Catal. g/t Preserved Potato and Desic-
cated Soup. /fd. 18/1 American Breakfast Cereals. . hulled,
¢ rushed, steam-cooked, and desiccated. P
Desiccation (desikéfan). [ad. L. désiccation-
em, n. of action from déstvcare ; see DESICCATE v.]
The action of making quite dry; depriving or free-
ing of moisture; dried wp condition.
1477 Norton Ord. Alch. vii. in Ashm. (1652) 104 Another
Fier is Fire of Disiccation. 1541 R. CorLann Guydon's
Formularye 'Y ivb, C d d P
venym requyreth stronge desiccacyon. 1684 ‘Tl. Burnet 7A.
Earth u. 26 A great drought and dessication of the earth,
1805 W. Saunpers A/in. Waters 352 To finish the desicca-
tion of the residue over a water bath. Maceitiivray
tr. Humboldt’s Trav. iii. 44 Mummies, uced to an extra-
ordinary degree of desiccation. 1865 Livixcstone Zambesi
iv. Zz The general desiccation which Africa has u ls
. attrtb., as desiccation-crack, in Geol., a crack
produced in a bed of clay in the process of dryin;
and subsequently filled by a new deposit of soft
matter.
1865 Pace Geol. Terms 173 A neces .. known as de-
siccation cracks. . not to be confounded with ‘ joints’, ‘ cleavy-
‘and similar phenomena. 1880 A. R. Watiace /s/. Life
. 85 Irregular desiccation marks, like the cracks at t
bottom of a sun-dried muddy pool, 1882 Geir 7exrt-dk.
Geol. Ww... 485 These desiccation-cracks or sun-cracks. . prove
that the surface of rock on which they lie was exposed to
the air and dried before the next layer of water-borne sedi-
ment was deposited upon it,
tive (disi‘kativ, de*sikeltiv), a. and sd.
Also 5-6 desyccatif, dyssyccatiue. [ad.med.L.
désiccativ-us, f. L, désiccat-: see above and -IVE.]
_ A. adj. Having the tendency or quality of dry-
ing up.
Say Cortann Galyen's aa 2 Aivb, The faculte
of med s ought to be desyccatyfe, 1601 HoLtanp Pliny
xxxu"°x, Astringent it is, desiccative, binding, and knitting.
1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 1.60 Warm winds, as the Si
armatan, etc,, are more desiccative than cold winds.
‘LT. Tuomson Chem. Org. Bodies 429 It is more desi
than linseed oil. _
B. sb. A desiccative are a ee name
c A moist discracie. . t
iSite aie" Sas Sara Poros
Jarye R iij b, ees be colde, Speers and
infrigidatyues. 160x Hottanp Pliny IL. 138 Wheat is such
a desiccatiue, that it wil draw and drie vp the wine or any
te with ©
DESICCATOR.
other liquor in a barrell which is buried within it> 1708
Brit. Apollo No. 72. 2/1 Coffe is a very great Desiccative.
1758 J. S. Le Dran’s Observ. Surg.(1771) 201 The Wound..
was dressed with .. Desiccatives, calcined Alum [etc.].
Desiccator (dési-k-tor, de'sikeitor). [agent-n.
in L. form from déstccdre to Desiccoare.] One
who or that which desiccates or dries; a name
given to a chemical apparatus used to dry sub-
stances which are decomposed by heat or by ex-
posure to the air (=IExsiccaTor); and, in later
commercial use, to contrivances for the desiccation
of fruit, milk, or other articles of food, also of tan-
bark, etc.
1837 R. B, Eve Pract. Chem. 173 Occasionally evaporations
are performed with much benefit by aid of desiccators. 1883
in Encycl. Dict. (Cassell),
Desiccatory (d/si‘kateri), a. [f. as DesiccaTe
v.+-ORY.] Desiccative.
¢ 1800 Travels of Anacharsis I. 467 (L.) Pork is desic-
catory, but it strengthens and passes easily. 1892 4 thenwune
o Jan. 145/2 Beneath the desiccatory influences to which
Cenyal Asia has beer subject for centuries.
Deside, obs. form of DrcipE.
+Desiderability. Ods. [f. next: see -rry.]
The quality of being desirable ; desirableness.
1635 Heywoon Hierarch. u. Comm. 97 Amabilitie, Desi-
derabilitie.. Pulchritude, Lucunditie.
+Desi‘derable, a. Ovs. Also 4 deseder-,
desyder-. [ad. L. désiderdil-’s desirable, f.
désiderare (see DESIDERATE): cf. rare OF. desi-
derable, and see DESIRABLE.] To be desired;
desirable.
ar Hampotr Psalter xviii. 11 Pe domes of God are
desiderabile abouen all riches. c 1340 — Prose Tr. 2 Sothely,
Ihesu, desederabill es thi name. cx14g0 tr. De /ttatione
ut. v, Verily bere is non oper pinge here laudable ner de-
siderable. 1540-54 Croker Ps. (Percy Soc.) 33 More then
old desiderable Or stones most precious to se. 1611
RYAT Crudities 32 My selfe hauing had the happinesse to
enjoy his desiderable commerce. 1675 Art Content. x. x.
233 “Tis sure no such desiderable guest that we should go
out to meet it.
Hence + Desi‘derably adv. Ods.
1635 Quartes Em. v. v. 263 O.. most holy fire ! how
sweetly doest thou burne!..how desiderably doest thou
inflame me!
. Desiderant (dési-dérant), a. and sé. rare. [ad.
L. désiderant-em, pr. pple. of désiderare to DESIRE.]
A. adj. Desiring, desirous: (implied in next ady.).
B. sb. One who desires a thing.
1860 J. R. Batantyne Bible for the Pandits 111 When
one writes up ‘ The smallest donation thankfully received’,
it is tacitly implied that the donation shall not be what the
desiderant does not care to have.
+ Desi‘derantly, adv. Os. rare—'. [f. pree.
+ -LY?: cf. L. destderdnter, and OF. deside-
vamment, similarly formed.] Desiringly, desir-
ously.
¢ 1450 tr. De /mitatione mn. liv, Pat bei aske so desiderantly
of god.
Desiderata, pl. of DesipERaTuM, q.v.
+ Desi‘derate, a. and sd. Obs. [ad. L. dési-
derat-us desired: see next.]
A. adj. Desired; desirable.
1640 G. Warts tr, Bacon's Adv. Learn... ii. 199 So these
are the Parts which in the knowledge of Medicine, touching
the cure of Diseases, are desiderate. ¥
B. sb. A thing that is desired ; a desideratum.
1640 G. Warts tr, Bacon's Adv. Learn. Pref. 23 Where
we deliver up any thing as a Desiderate. 1664 Evetyn Sylva
(776) pe Those who shall once oblige our nation with a full
“and Absolutely Compleat Dictionary, as yet a Desiderate
amongst us. 1 — Mem. (1857) 111, 223 When I shall
have received those other desiderates, I may proceed to the
compiling part. Nap
Desiderate (dési-déreit), v. [f. L. déstderat-,
ppl. stem of déstderare to miss, long for, desire, f.
de- (De- I. 1, 2) +a radical also found in con-sider-
Gre, perhaps connected with sidus, stder- star, con-
stellation; but the sense-history is unknown: cf.
ConsIDER. ]
trans. To desire with a sense of want or regret ;
to feel a desire or longing for; to feel the want of ;
to desire, want, miss.
5 R. Batu Disswasive Vind. (1655) 29 In that pas-
torall freedome I desiderate these three ching 1646 Six T.
Browne Pseud, Ep. Pref. Avja, If any way..wee may ob-
taine a worke, so much desired, at least, desiderated of truth.
~ 1730 T. Boston JZem. App. xil. 453, I desiderated satisfying
impressions. 1788 Gisson Le¢. Misc. Wks. 1796 I. 679 In an
evening I desiderate the resources of a family or a club. 1829
Soutuey in Q. Rev. XX XIX. 123 The t_ step which is
now desiderated in education. 1836-7 Sir W. Hamitton
Metaph. xxxix.(1870) II. 384 He evacuates the phenomenon
of all that desiderates explanation. 1839 John Budl 11 Aug.,
We desiderate to know whether der itself be idered
one [an offence]. 1865 TroLtore Belton Est. xxvii. 321 In-
capable of enjoying the kind of life which he desiderated.
Desiderated (disi-déreitéd), Al. a. [f. prec.
vb. +-ED.] Desired, wanted, required.
@1743 Cueyne (J.), Eclipses are of wonderful assistance
toward the solution of this so desirable and so much de-
siderated problem. 1836 T. Hook Gurney Married (1839)
Kitty returned .. bearing in her hand .. the desiderated
é like the word, it is so long and so new) basin of broth.
1854 H. Mitcer Sch. § Schme. xxv. (1857) 550 The desiderated
want was to be supplied by its writer.
243
Desideration (disi:déréi'fon). [ad. L. dési-
deration-em, n. of action from désiderare: see
DEsIDERATE and -aTIon.] 1, The action of desi-
derating ; desire, with feeling of want or regret.
2e1525 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 386 Yif it like youre be-
nygnyte Nouth to ben displesid wyth my desideracyon Me
longith to youre presense now conjunct to the unyte. 1633
'T. Avams £.xf. 2 Peter iii. 18 Thus it [i.e. Amen] is a note
of confirmation, as well as desideration. 1813 W. Taytor
Eng. Synon. (1856) 293 Desire is aroused by hope, while de-
sideration is inflicted by reminiscence. 1861 G. Merepiru
Evan Harrington 1, iv. 53 He will assuredly so dispose of
his influence as to suit the desiderations of his family.
+2. Thing desired, desideratum. Obs. rare.
1836 Lanpor Peric. & Asp. xxviii, Coriander-seed might
correct it..’lhe very desideration !
Desiderative (disidértiv), a and sé,
L. désiderativ-us (in late L. grammarians), f. dés7-
derat- ppl. stem: see -IVE. (In mod.F. déstdéra-
zif.)] A. adj.
1. Having, expressing, or denoting desire; per-
taining to desire.
1655-60 Staney //ist. Philos. (1701) 207/1 That to every
apprehensive faculty, there might be a desiderative; to
embrace what it judgeth good, to refuse what it esteemeth
evil. 1816 ‘I. Taytor “ss, VIII. 50 The liver signifying
that he lived solely according to the desiderative part of his
nature,
2. Gram. Of a verb or verbal form: Formed from
another verb to express a desire of doing the act
thereby denoted; of or pertaining to such a verb.
1ssz Hutoer H v b/1 It is to be noted how all verbes end-
yng in 7rio.. be verbes desideratyue, as desierynge or
entendynge to perfourme the act of their significations. 1711
tr. Werenfels’ Disc. Logomachys 226 Verbs .. frequentative,
inchoative, imitative, and desiderative. 1857 M. Wittiams
Sanskrit Gram. (1864) 2g2 Nouns and participles derived
from the desiderative base are not uncommon. 1879 Wutr-
NEY Sausk. Gram. § 1026 By the desiderative conjugation
is signified a desire for the action or condition denoted by
the simple root.
B. sb. Gram. A desiderative verb, verbal form,
or conjugation : see prec.
175t Harris Hermes i. vii. (1786) 127 A species of Verbs
called .. in Latin Desiderativa, the Desideratives or Medi-
tatives. 1855 Forbes //indistint Gram, (1868) 65 Desider-
atives, as.. ‘to wish, ov to be about, ov like to speak’.
1857 M. Wittiams Sanskrit Grant. (1864) 205 Desiderz
may take a passive form by adding ya to the desiderative
base after, rejecting final a. ;
|| Desideratum (dési:déréi-tim). Pl.-ata. [a.
L. désideratum thing desired, neuter of désiderat-us,
pa. pple. of déstderare: see DESIDERATE v. The
subst. use belongs to med.L. Also used in the L.
form in mod.F, and Sp.] Something for which
a desire or longing is felt ; something wanting and
required or desired.
| N. Cutverwet Light of Nat. 33 (Stanf.) All De-
siderata shall be suppli’d. 1654 WuirLock Zootomia 454
Here that Desideratum my Lord Bacon speaketh of ..
is supplyed. 1668 Witkins Read Char. Ep. to Rdr. 63 ‘The
various Desiderata, proposed by Learned men, or such
things as were conceived yet wanting to the advancement
of several parts of Learning. 1782 A. Monro Compar.
Anat. Introd. (ed. 3)6 A.. technical dictionary .. is one of
the desideratainanatomy. 180z PLayratr /dlustr, Hutton.
Th. 338 The explanation of them was still a desideratum in
geology. 1807 Sourney Life (1850) III. 105 One of the
reatest desideratums in modern Oriental literature. 1875
owett P/ato (ed. 2) III. 161 The fitness of the animal for
food is the great desideratum. 1876 Moztey Univ. Serne.
iii. (1877) 47 A great number of people in every age, do want
morality without religion : it is a great desideratum.
|| Deside‘rium, [L.; =longing, sense of want,
desire, f. stem of destderare: see DESIDERATE.]
An ardent desire or wish; a longing, properly for
a thing once possessed and now missed ; a sense
of loss,
1S Swirt Let. to Pope 28 June, When I leave a country
;- I think as seldom as I can of what I loved or esteemed
in it, to avoid the desiderium which of all things makes life
most uneasy. 1789 G. Wuite Selborne (1853) I. xxxiii. 249
This strange affection probably was occasioned by that
desiderium, 1883 Sat. Rev. 21 Apr. 485/2 Many Liberals
regard the memory of Lord Beaconsfield with a desiderium
which has not been exhibited towards that of any English
political leader within the memory of living man. a
+Desi-dery. Obs. rare. [a. OF. desiderie
(11th c. in Godef.), ad. L. déstderium longing,
desire: see prec.] Desire, wish.
[ad..
|
|
|
c1450 Craft of Lovers (R.), My name is True loue—of |
cardinal desidery .. the very exemplary. 1513 Brapsuaw
St. Werburge 1. 1498 To brynge his doughter to the hous of
Ely .. after her desydery. /ézd. 2899 ‘There to be tumy!ate
after her desydery.
dio'se, z. Obs. =next.
1727 Baiey vol. II, Desidiose, desidious, idle, slothful,
lazy, sluggish. 1755 Jounnson, Desidiose, idle, lazy, heavy.
1822 Mrs. E. Natuan Langreath I11. 290 From the lower
orders becoming desidiose. [Used jestingly.]
+Desi‘dious, «. Os. Also 7 diss-. [ad. L.
désidids-us slothful, f. dés¢dia sitting idle, indolence,
slothfulness, f. désédére to sit long, sit idle, f. DE- I.
3 + sedére to sit.] Idle, indolent, slothful.
@ 1540 [implied in next]. 1608 R. CrakANntuorre Serve.
(1609) A iij a, Some. .blamed both him and other Bishops, as
being desidious. 1 R. Humpnrey tr. St. Ambrose il. 5
To be desidious and defectiue in pious workes. 1647 Warp
Simp. Cobler (1843) 75 Yee fight the battells of the Lord, bee
neither desidious nor perfidious. 1656 in BLount Glossogr.
DESIGN,
+Desidiousness. 0és. [f. prec. + -Nxss ]
Idleness, indolence, slothfulness.
a1s40 LeLanp Let. to Cromwell in Wood Ath. O.von. J.
68 The Germanes perceiving our desidiousness and negli-
gence do send daily aes Scholars hither, that spoileth
them [ancient authors] and cutteth them out of libraries,
returning home and putting them abroad as monuments of
their own country [etc.]. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1.
XXXVIli. (1739! 58 ‘This dissidiousness of the greater sort made
one step further to the full perfection of that manner of
Trial. 1651 /did. 11. vi. (1739) 33 He found the People..
vexed at his Grandfather's desidicusness.
Desie(n, obs. form of Dizzy.
Desight ((ésait). [f. De- + StcHT; prob. orig.
a variant of desstght, Dissicut, q.v.) A thing un-
sightly, an ugly object to look at, an eyesore.
(But in the first quot. perhaps a misprint for despight.)
[1589 Purrennam “vg. /oesie wu, xxiv. (Arb.) 292 [If he]
come sodainly to be pold or shauen, it will seeme onely to
himselfe, a deshight and very vndecent.] 1834G. Cox Orford
in 1834, v.65 A splendid error and a grand desight, Gro-
tesquely Gothic, blunderingly bright. 1852 Miss Yonce
Cameos II. vi, 68 Three emeralds, three pearls, and one
large rough pebble, which was such a desight to the others,
that [etc.].
Desi'ghtment. rare. [f. as prec. + -meNvT.]
The act of making unsightly ; disfigurement.
@ 1864 7imes (Webster, Substitute jury-masts at whatever
desightment or damage in risk,
Design (dizain), 5. Also 6 de-, des-, dis-
seigne, disseine, 7 designe, (dessein, disseene,
8 deseign). [In 16th c. des(se¢gne, a. 15-16th c.
I. desseing (in 16th c. also dessing, desing) ‘de-
signe, purpose, proiect, priuat intention or deter-
mination’ (Cotgr.), f. desseigner to Design. In
16th c. It. désegno (also dissegno, designo) had the
senses ‘purpose, designe, draught ; model, plot,
picture, pourtrait’ (lorio). Hence the artistic
sense was taken into Fr., and gradually differcn-
tiated in spelling, so that in mod.¥, dessetn is ‘ pur-
pose, plan’, dess?z ‘design in art’, Eng. on the
contrary uses des?yi, conformed to the verb, in both
senses. ] I. A mental plan.
1. A plan or scheme conceived in the mind and
intended for subsequent execution ; the preliminary
conception of an idea that is to be carried into effect
by action ; a project.
design of insurrection.
b. ‘A scheme formed to the detriment of an-
other’ (J.); a plan or purpose of attack sfov
or ou.
a1704 Locke (J.), A sedate, settled design upon another
man’s life. 1704 Cinper Careless //ush. u. i, ‘Vo be in love,
now, is only to have a design upon a woman, a modish way
of declaring war against her virtue. 1848 MacauLay //is¢.
dng. I. 598 It was thought necessary to relinquish the
design on Bristol, 1858 Lyrron IVhat Will he do? 1.i, He
had no design on your pocket.
2. In weaker sense: Purpose, aim, intention.
1588 SHaxs. L. ZL. LZ. 1v.i. 88 [Armado writes] Thine in the
dearest designe of industrie. /é/d. vy. i, 105. 1594
Rich, (11,1. ii. 211 Vhat it may please you leaue these sad
designes ‘lo him that hath most cause to be a Mourner.
1659 B. Harris Parival’s [ron Age 108 They who ask
relief, have one designe : and he who gives it, another. 1697
Drypen Virg. Past. vi. 37 He.. demands On what design
the Boys had bound his hands. 1734 tr. Rodlin’s Anc.
Hist, (1827) 1. 344 With design to besiege it. 1736 BuTLer
Anal. 1. iii. Wks. 1874 I. 50 The design of this chapter is to
inquire, how far this is the case. 1792 2. A/unchhausen’s
Trav. xxx. 135 They extended an elephant’s hide, tanned
and prepared for the design, across the summit of the tower.
1866 G. Macponatp Ann. Q. Neighd. xxxiii. (1878) 564 My
design had been to go at once to London E
= Intention to go. (Cf. DESIGN v. 13.)
1725 De For New Voy. (1840) 57 My design was to the
north part of the island. i
ec. phr. By (tout of, on, upon) design: on
purpose, purposely, intentionally,
1628 Honpes 7 Aucyd. (1822) 65 ‘he man being upon design
gone..into Sanctuary. 1650 Futter Pisgah u. xii. 261 On
design to extirpate all the smiths in Israel. 1665 MaANLEY
Grotius’ Low C. Warres 141 Either out of Design, or Sim-
plicity. a@1715 Burnet Own Time (1766) I. 4, I have, on
design, avoided all laboured periods. 1867 Freeman Norm.
Cong. (1876) I. App. 628 William, whether by accident or
by design, was not admitted.
3. The thing aimed at; the end in view; the
final purpose.
[1605 Suaxs. AZacé, u. i. 55 Wither’d Murther. .towards his
designe Moues like a Ghost.] 1657 CromweLt in Four C.
Eng. Lett. 86 We desire. . thatthe design be Dunkirk rather
than Grauelines. 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. ut. 604 If Milk
be thy Design; with plenteous Hand Bring Clover-grass.
Se Lapy M. W. Montacu Le/t. to W. Montagu 24 Mar.,
appiness is the natural design of all the world. 1833
Cuatmers Const, Man (1835) 1. iv. 187 Virtue was the de-
sign of our Creation.
4, Contrivance in accordance with a preconceived
plan; adaptation of means to ends; pre-arranged
31*-2
DESIGN.
purpose ; sfec. used in reference to the view that
the universe manifests Divine forethought and
testifies to an intelligent Creator (the argument
Srom design).
1665 MAN.eY Grotius’ Low C. Warres 141 Either out of |
Design, or Simplicity. 1736 [see DesiGner 1]. 1802 Pacey
Nat. Theol. ii. § 3 The arg from design rer as it
was. /bid. ii. § 4 The machine, which we are inspecting,
demonstrates, by its construction, contrivance and design.
1831 Brewster Vezvton 1855) 1. xiii. 359 ‘The arrangements,
therefore, upon which the stability of the system epends,
must have been the result of design. 1855 Tennyson Maud
u. u. i, What a lovely shell .. With delicate spire and whorl,
How exquisitely minute, A miracle of design! 1883 Hicks
(title), Critique of Design-Argunrents.
5. In a bad sense: Crafty contrivance, hypocri-
tical scheming ; an instance of this. Cf, DEsIGNING
ppl. a.2. arch.
a1704 T. Brown Praise of Poverty Wks. 1730 1.
Honesty (they think) design, and design honesty. 171 De
For Crusoe 1. xiv. (1858) 219 A. faithful. .servant. .without
passions, sullenness, or designs. 1738 WesLey Hymns,
‘Almighty Maker, Ged !" vi, Thy Glories I abate, Or praise
Thee with Design. 1796 Br. Watson A fod. Bible 276 If this
mistake proceeds from design you are still less fit. 1871 B.
Taytor /aust (1875) L. v. 99 "T'was all deceit and lying, false
design.
II. A plan in art.
6. A preliminary sketch for a picture or other
work of art; the plan of a building or any part of
it, or the outline of a piece of decorative work,
after which the actual structure or texture is to be
completed ; a delineation, pattern.
1638 Junius Painting of Ancien’s 270 What beauty and
force there is in a good and proportionable designe. 1645
N. Stone Enchirid. Fortif. 78 Profile, An Italian word for
that designe that showes the side..of any work. 1703
Moxon Jlech. Exerc. 252 "Vis usual..for any person before
he begins to Erect a Building, to have Designs or Draughts
drawn upon Paper. .in which Designs. .each Floor or Story
is delineated. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 278 ‘The neces-
sary designs for the iron rails of the balcony. 1821 W. M.
Cras Drawing, Painting, etc. \ect.1.29 That theseitinerant
workmen had a certainsset of designs, or rather patterns,
handed down from generation to generation. J/od. The
Committee appointed to report on the designs sent in for
the new Corn Exchange.
7. The combination of artistic details or archi-
tectural features which go to make up a picture,
statue, building, etc.; the artistic idea as executed ;
a piece of decorative work, an artistic device.
1644 Evetyn Jem. (1857) 1. 73, | was particularly desirous
of seeing this palace, from the extravagance of the design.
1670 Sik S. Crow in 12th Rep. Hist, MSS. Comm. App. v.
15 Their ordnary designes [in tapestry] .. beeing deformed
and mishapen. 1797 Mrs. Ravcurre /talian Prol. (1826)
3 Simplicity and grandeur of design. 1851 D. Witson Preh.
Ann. (1863) IL. mt. v. 133 A silver bracelet of rare and most
artistic design. 1863 Gro. Exior Romola vii, To admire
the designs on the enamelled silver centres. 1884 7 ves
(weekly ed.) 26 Sept. 4/1 It is the design that sells the cloth.
b. ¢ransf. of literary work in this and prec.
sense.
Uh Emerson Lett. & Soc. dims, Poet. & Imag. Wks
(Bohn) III, 153 Great design belongs to a poem, and is
better than any skill of execution,—but how rare! 1879
B. Tayior Stud. Germ. Lit. 262 His design is evidently
greater than his power of execution.
8. The art of picturesque delineation and con-
struction ; original work in a graphic or plastic art.
Arts of design: those in which design plays a principal
part, such as painting, sculpture, architecture, engraving.
School of design: a school in which the arts of design are
specially taught.
1638 Junius Painting of Ancients 271 [From} Designe and
Proportion..we should proceed to Colour. 1735 BERKELEY
Querist § 68 The art of design, and its influence in most
trades or manufactures. 1850 Lertcn Afvller’s Anc, Art
§ 25.9 Design or the graphic art..produces by means of
light and shade the appearance of bodies on a surface.
Ruskin 7wo Paths i. (1858) 44 Design, properly so called, is
human invention, pd cing ete. capacity.
Design (dizain), v. Also 6 desyne, 6-7 de-
signe, 7 disseigne, dissigne. [a. F. désigner
(16th c. in Rabelais, in 14th c. desinner Godef.
Suppl.) ‘to denote, signifie, or shew by a marke
or token, to designe, prescribe, appoint’ (Cotgr.),
ad. L. désignare, dissignare to mark out, trace out,
denote, DesiGNarE, appoint, contrive, etc., f. DE-
I. 2 and Dis- + signare to mark, sienum mark,
Sien. Cf. Pr. designar, desegnar, Sp., Pg. designar,
It. disegnare (in 16th c. also dissegnare, designare, °
Florio). In It. the vb. had in 16th c, the senses
‘ to designe, contriue, plot, purpose, intend ; also to
draw, paint, embroither, modle, pourtray ’ (Florio);
thence obs. F. desseigner ‘to designe, purpose, pro-
iect, lay a plot’ (Cotgr.), and mod.F. dessiner, in
16th c. designer, 17th c. dessigner, to design in the
artistic sense. In Eng., design combines all these
senses. ]
I. [after L. désigndre, F. désigner) To mark
out, nominate, appoint, DESIGNATE.
+1. trans. To point out by distinctive sign,
mark, or token; to indicate. Also with forth,
out, Obs.
1593 Suaks. Rich. //,1. i, 203 We shall see Lustice desi
the Victors Chiualri "1504 S Amoretti \xxiv, Most
| happy letters!.. With which that
244
nes priest
1614 Seven 7itles Hon. 117
+. with such Sub i to
é oy ae we Ne mos the place whither
ke en igni untous whit
hee is eomtels 1668 Sepiey Mulb. Gard. 1. ii, ‘Those
Cravats that design the Right Honourable.
absol. 1606 Warner Alb, Eng. xiv. \xxxviii. (1612) 360
Euen so As had their Oracles of them dissi long ago.
2. To point out by name or by descriptive phrase ;
in Law, to specify (a person) by title, profession,
trade, etc. ; to designate, name, style. Sometimes
with double obj. (direct and complemental). arch.
1603-21 Kxottes Hist, Turks 1311 Willing the Turks
to designe the ie which had thrown the stone. 1614
Rareicn Hist. World WU. w. iii. § 1. 178 He left his King-
dom to the worthiest, as designing Perdiccas. 1794 SULLIVAN
View Nat. 11. 393 Voltaire. .in designing Geneva, called it
la petite Répableque voisine de ses terres. 1814 SouTHEY
Roderick xvm, The plains Burgensian .. ere long To_ be
design’d Castille. 1874 Act 37-8 Vict. c. 94 § 38 The writer
..is not named or designed.
+3. Of names, signs, etc.: To signify, stand for.
1627 Hakewitt Afol. (1630) Bbbiijb, The numerall ..
then designeth so many hundred thousand. a 1631 Donne
Serm. (1839) IV. cvii. 466 A few lines of ciphers will design
..that number. 1642 Jen Tayior Efpisc. (1647) 138 Names
which did designe temporary offices. ae
+4. To appoint to office, function, or position ;
to designate, nominate. Const. as in 2. Obs.
1596 Bett Surv. Pofery mi. xii. 509 The priest was de-
signed ouer the penitents in euerie church. 1607 TorseLt
Four-f, Beasts 1658) 127 A perpetuall and unquenchable fire,
for the watching whereof, were Dogs designed. 1611 SreeD
Hist. Gt. Brit. 1X. xvi. (1632) 862 Where Election designeth
the Successor. @1649 Drumm. or Hawtn. Yas. V Wks.
(1711) 113 The commission .. in which he is designed lieu-
tenant. 1668 Davenant Max's the Master v. i, When you
design’d your man to court her in your shape. 1701 Rowe
Ambit. Step-Moth. u.i. 555 Great, just and merciful, such as
Mankind. .would have design’d a kor.
5. To appoint or assign (something ¢o a person);
to make over, bestow, grant, give. Const. fo or
dative. Obs. exc. in. Se. Law.
1572 Sc. Acts Yas. VT (1597) $ 48 They haue appoynted,
marked, and designed the said manse, with foure acres. .to
the vse of the Minister. .that sall.. minister at the said kirk.
1592 Davies /mmort. Soul xxxiii. (R.), Three kinds of life
to her designed be. 1608 J. Kinc Serm. St. Mary's 8
Afterwardes when Michal was designed to him [David].
1650-60 ‘T'atnam JVs. (1879) 169 He is the challenged and
justly may Design the way of fighting. 1651 Fudler’s Abel
Rediz., Musculus 257 Designing unto Musculus one of the
principallest Churches. 1681 GLAnvitt Sadducismus u. 296
The Spirit’s name which he designed her was Locas. _ 1
Cowrer 7ask vi. 580 Nature .. when she form'd, design
them an abode. 1864 Daily Review 14 Nov., The minister
of Dalgety in 1862..stating..that in terms of the Act 1663,
chapter 21, he was entitled to have grass designed to him
for the support of a horse .. and praying the Presbytery to
make the necessary designation accordingly.
6. Hence, with mixture of II, and ultimately
fusing with 10; To set apart in thought for the
use or advantage of some one ; to intend to bestow
or give. Const. for, +40, ton.
1 Dryven Xival Ladies Ded., This worthless Present
was design’d you, long before it was a Play. 1666 — Ann.
Mirad. \x, Their mounting shot is on our sails designed :
Deep in their hulls our deadly bullets light. x issex
-apers (Camden) I. 153 Trear. designes the place to Orrery,
but Lam confident it will never be. 1701 Penusyle. Archives
1. 142, I fully design’d you a visit. 1735 De For | ey. round
World (1840) 245 What present I had designed for her.
1833 Hr. Martineau Brooke Farm ii, 22 Hearing what
favours were designed for his boy. 1861 M. Parrison £ss.
iesthod, is so much
The
designe out the subiect
happy. name wi
1610 Donne Pseudo ch ag 3 aba _—
| (1889) I. 30 These fragments are designed for the German,
rather than the English reader.
7. To appoint, destine, devote (a thing or person)
to a fate or purpose. Now merged in 10.
1593 Nasu Christ's 7. 23, Because I am Christ the iust,
therfore you will designe me to the Crosse vniustly.
Masstncer Bondman w. ii, This well-built city, not long
since designed To spoil and rape. 1662 Gernier Princ. 15
The Duke .. designed in his Will ten Thousand Gilders ..
to.. alter what he had Built amisse. 1691 Ray Creation
1714), 174 Neither yet need those who are designed to
ivinity itself fear to look into these studies. {x747 ‘ol. Rec.
Pennsylv. NV. 139 The Goods design’d as a t to the
Indians. ]
II. [allied to Destan sd. I, obs. F. desseigner)
To plan, purpose, intend.
8. To form aplan or scheme of ; to conceive and
arrange in the mind; to originate mentally, plan
out, contrive.
1548 Hatt Chron, 215 When all thing was redy, accord-
ing as he desyned. 1594 Carew Huarte’s Exam, Wits
(1616) 218 The matters which they disseigne and worke
with much wisd 1647 CLA Hist. Reb, v. (1702)
1, 439, That he should begin his Journey..so unfit for Travel
- .ifhis nk away was design’d the day before. 1682 Bunyan
Holy War (Cassell) 250 If the enemy .. should design and
~<a our ruin, & ) Souruny Vis. Maid of Orleans \. 170
ternal Wisdom Is Or to man, or misery, for hi
good Alike design’d. 1812 S. Rocers Columbus vii. 46 He
can suspend the laws himself designed.
9. In weaker sense: To pu , intend, mean.
+ Rarely, ¢o be designed (obs.), like,to be purposed,
T. Warmstay Blind —
DESIGN.
Chas. I, U1. vi. 82 [Charles] designed inviting great artists
muses “iit hele slicks Phdiss,insegl scffe Geeak Qo
aNnLEY Hist. Philos. (1701) 106/2 4
if you are design’d <capeal to ecisin Mlhagapguniee?
with your rumbling voice. 1678 Butter Hud. 111. i. 1386
Brae pe ee ae
1 e For Mem. lier (x 162, to
nk 5 M Nox. Par. Churches
that she design’d her smiles more
on the unworthy. 1715 De For Fam. Instruct. 1. vii (1841)
I. 125, I did not design you should have
10. With complement (a. zu. or sb., b. prep.
phr.): To purpose or intend (a thing) Zo de or do
(something); to mean (a thing) to serve some
purpose or fulfil some plan.
a. 1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 137 So far as you design
the Bi to proj 1713 A Cato 1. iv, O
creatures, Than what our nature and the Gods d
us. 1733 Lo. Orrery in Duncombe's Lett. (1773) Il. 35
The wood-walk, which I designed a labyrinth, is almost
finished. 1779 Cowrer Lett. 21 Sept., Ihave glazed the
two frames, designed to receive my pine plants. 1802 Mar.
Epcewortu Moral 7. (1816) 1. xiv. 116 With one .. kick,
designed to express his contempt. 1860 Hook Lives Adps.
(1869) I. i, 18 The emperors designed it to be a
council, : z 7
b. 21700 Drvvex (J.), You are not for obscurity designed,
But, like the sun, must cheer all human kind. in
Leisure Hour (1880) 23 A pewter teaj but I believe it
was designed for silver. 1756 Burke Vind. Nat. Soc. Wks.
1808 I. 67 Ask of politicians the end for which laws were
originally designed; and they will answer, that the laws
were designed as a protection for the poor and weak. 1766
Gotps. lic. W.xxi, The morning I designed for our de-
parture. 1882 J. H. Brunt ape Ch. Eng. V1. 21 The palace
which Somerset designed for this splendid site. _
ll. intr. To have purposes or intentions (of a
specified kind). rare.
1749 Fieipine Tom Yones xiv. vii, To persuade the mother
P ‘hat you designed honourably.
12. trans. To have in view, contemplate.
1 Hare Prim. Orig. Man.1. i. 18 Before he come to
the Subject it self which he designes. 1784 Cowrer 7ask
Mi, 1 So I, designing other themes, and call'd T’ adorn
the Sofa with eulogium. 1877 W. Bruce Comm. Revelation
87 Tell him that his natural E ies are not d din
the promise. 2 z
18. intr. and quasi-fass. (usually with for): To
intend to go or start; to be bound for (a place).
1644 Evetyn Mem. (1857) I. 75 Within sight of Tours
where we were ~— for the rest of the time. 1684
Lapy Russet Left. I. xv. 42 The question. .when I design
for Stratton. 1688 in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. u.1V. 141 They
design to Bristol, but will take Exeter .. in the way. 1691
T. Hface] Acc. New /nvent. 21 Ships. .designed on_ long
Voyages. 1712 E. Cooke sg S. Sea 360 From Guam
we design for Batavia. 1819 R. Cuarman Life Jas. V 129
This convinced them all that the king designed for France.
1823 Scorr Quentin D. viii, On the onceesting day we were
designed for Amboise. 1845 CArtyLe Cromwell (1871 IL.
133 The new Lord Lieutenant had at first pod for
Massber: 7 3
b. ¢ransf. To intend to start upon a certain
course; to mean to enter upon a pursuit.
1694 Ginson in Lett, Lit. Men (Camden) 225 And if he
designs for Law, ‘tis high time to i f
IIT. [allied to Desicn sé. II, It. désegnare, F.
dessiner| To sketch, delineate, draw; to fashion
artistically. ” :
14. trans. + a. To make a sketch of (an object
or scene); to sketch, draw. Ods. b. To trace the
outline of, delineate.
——— implying the vb. in this sense, is quoted of
1570.
1635 CowLey Davideis 1. 747 ‘The Prophet Gad in learned
Dest dadgea Th’ Tanaanetel solid Rules of fancy’d Lines.
ee owe Painting of Ancients 290°A
well designed and seasonably coloured.»
(1871) 69 The prospect was so
with my crayon. 1699 j
Flore. .they have designed. .an Universal Map. 1782 Mann
in Lett, Lit, Men (Camden) 421
describing etery Fish, 1879 Stevenson Trav. Ce
. monstrous Pgs an lies of the mountain were
faintly designed in moonshine.
¢. To make the preliminary sketch of (a work
of art, a picture, statue, ornamental fabric, etc.) ;
to make the plans and drawings necessary for
the construction of (a building, ship, machine,
have to follow out.
er
"d
invention
vetyn D.
s)
— Fre lines. din
ing. io new feet
and superintend the
15. To plan
fashion with artistic skill or decora-
design’d today.
is
resolved, determined, minded, etc.
1660 R. Coxe Yustice Vind. Ep. Ded. 5, I designe no more
than to demonstrate [ete]. 1701 De For 7rue-born
Eng. 34 And yet he really designs no wrong. 1830 D'Israett
its fr ? 1865 J. Fercusson Hist. Archit.
"tr Te Roman ges were degned, nthe
as 74 *
§ 6. 52 A lady summons him. .to design a robe which
broidering.
DESIGNABLE.
16. intr. a. To trace the outline of a figure or
form; to put a graphic representation on paper,
canvas, etc.; to draw, sketch. b. To form or
fashion a work of art ; in a narrower sense, to form
decorative figures, devise artistic patterns.
1662 Evetyn Chalcogr. 128 Unless he that Copies, Design
perfectly himself. 1665 Sir T. Hersesr 7vav. (1677) 149
One he knew could both design and copy well. 1854 Ruskin
Two Paths i. (1858) 44 A painter designs when he chooses
some things, refuses others, and arranges all. 1885 H. V.
Barsetrt in Mag. of Art Sept. 454/1 She..began to design
and to paint with delicacy, taste, and truth,
Designable, z. [f. L. désignd-re (see Desic-
NATE v.)+-BLE. In sense 2 f, DESIGN v. + -ABLE.]
+1. (de'signab’1) That can be distinctly marked
out ; distinguishable. Ods.
1644 Dicsy 7720 Treat. 1. 85 The mover .. cannot passe
over all these infinite designable degrees in an instant, 1666
Boyte Orig. Formes & Qual. (1667) 3 Matter .. must have
Motion in some or all its designable Parts. 1716 M. Davies
Athen. Brit. 11. 242 Book-Ware-Houses, furnish’d with
such an Ideal, optable or designable Arianizing Library.
2. (dézaivnab’l) Capable of being designed.
Designate (de'signct), pf/. a. [ad. L. désig-
nat-us, pa. pple. of désigndre to DESIGNATE. ]
Marked out for office or position; appointed or
nominated, but not yet installed, as in d¢shop desig-
nate,
1646 Buck Rich. ///, 1. 3 Richard Plantagenet .. King of |
br 4 erin designate by King Henry the Sixth .. This Duke
of Yorke, and King designate. 1847 Sir W. Hamitron
Let. 32 Definite, or, more precisely, predefinite..is equiva-
lent. .to designate and pre-designate. 1877 World VIN. 11
‘The husband designate was present. _ 1888 77cs 27 June
12/4 The Lord Bishop of Bedford Designate will preach,
Hence De‘signatehood, the condition of being
designate.
1862 Sat, Rev. XIV. 705/1 The period of Designatehood.
Designate (de's-, dezigneit), v. [f. ppl. stem
of L. designdre to mark out, trace out, denote by
some indication, contrive, devise, appoint to an
office, f. de- (Dr- I, 3) + s¢gndre to mark. Some of
the senses of the L. verb, having come down
through It. and Fr., are expressed by DEsIGn ;
destgnate is a modern formation taking up the
other senses: cf. F. dés7gner as distinct from des-
siner and obs. dessetgner.]
1. trans. To point out, indicate; to particularize,
specify.
1801 Brit. Crit. July (T.), Of these [faults] so few examples
occur, that it would be invidious to designate them, 1808
J. Bartow Columé, vi. 522 Its faults designate and its
merits prize. 1828 WensteEr s.v., The limits are designated
on the map. 1839-40 W. Irvine Wolfert’s R. (1855) 107
He need only designate to me the way to hischamber. 1846
Trencu Miracles xxx, (1862) 430 ‘The man. .designates the
channel in which he desires that fhis mercy may flow. 1861
Mrs. H. Woop Zast Lynne I. xi. 170 It had four post
horses .. the number having been designated by Lord
Mount-Severn. ,
2. Of things: To serve to point out; to be an
indication of. With compd.: To point out, specify
as being so and so.
1807 Soutuey Esfriella's Lett. IL. 251 A black Triton...
meant..by his crown of feathers, to designate the native
Indians. ¢ 1829 Lanvor IAs. (1868) II. 93 Her lips [in a
picture] were half-open ; her hair flew loosely behind her,
designating that she was in haste. @ 1831 A. Knox Rew.
(1844) I. 65 Those interior effects of Divine grace, which
designate their nature..to the..possessor. 1870 RoGrrs
Hist. Gleanings Ser. u. 200 A man’s dress designated his
rank and calling. 1884 tr. Lofse’s Metaph. u. iv. 293 The
only function of the mathematical symbol is to designate
pand ¢ as absolutely equal in rank. ie
3. To point out bya name or descriptive appel-
lation ; to name, denominate, entitle, style.
1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. [ndia I. v. ix. 693 The coalition ..
gave existence to the ministry which that circumstance has
served to designate. 1831 Cartyte Sart. Res, 1. v. (1838)
161 The title Blumine, whereby she is here designated. 1868
Lockyer Elem. Astron. i. (1879) 29 Clusters and nebulze
are designated by their number in the catalogues. 1871
Mortey Voltaire (1886) 79 ‘I'wo very distinct conceptions. .
equally designated by the common name of civil liberty.
b. with doudle 067. or compl.: To name, describe,
or characterize (as). ;
1836 Random Recoll. Ho. Lords xvi. 397, I designate them
[his ideas] as somewhat above mediocrity. 1854 Macautay
Misc. Writ, (1860) 11, 228 He is designated, in Mr, Ivimey’s
History of the Baptists, as the depraved Bunyan, the wicked
tinker of Elstow. 1862 Stantey Yew. Ch. (1877) I. xix. 360
Miriam is almost always designated as the ‘ prophetess’.
1879 M. Arnoip Guide Eng. Lit, Mixed Ess, 194, 1 wonder
at his designating Milton our greatest poet.
4. Of things: To serve as a name for, stand for ;
to be descriptive of.
1816 Sincer Hist. Cards 45 The term continued to de-
signate hired troops. 1842 Atison Hist. Europe (1849-50)
X. Ixix. § 29. 438 The celebrated saying. .‘If thes tacks
[etc.]’. .designates the whole system of their. . government.
5. To appoint, set apart, select, nominate for duty
or office ; to destine or devote to a purpose or fate.
Const. for, zo.
“1791 J. Bartow Adv. Priv. Orders 1. 27 A mere sayage..
would decide the question of equality by a trial of bodily
strength, designating the man that could lift the heaviest
beam to bethe legislator. 1828 Wenster s. v., This captain
was designated to that station. 1853 Maurice Profh. &
Kings xxii. 378 Josiah..was designated to his task before
245
his birth.
Men. .equally designated for perdition in this world and the
next. 1855 Macautay //ist, Eng. III. 394 A clause de-
signating the successor by name.
Hence De-signated ///. a.
1868 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) IL. ix. 436 Harold was
virtually. .the designated successor to the crown.
Designation (d(es-, dezignéi-fon). [ad 1.
designation-em, n, cf action from désignare (sce
Designate). Cf. F. déstgnation (14th c. in Hatzf.,
and in mod.F. ; not in Cotgr. 1611).]
1. The action of marking or pointing out; indi-
cation of a particular person, place, or thing by
gesture, words, or recognizable signs.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xix. cxxvi. (1495) 926 Alpha
is wryte for desygnacion of letters, for amonge Grekys this
letter tokenyth one. 1597 Hooker Lecé. Pol. v. |xix. (1611)
374. Wherefore was it said vnto Moyses by particular desig-
nation, ‘This very place..is holy ground. 1677 Have J’.
Orig, Man. ww. vii. 357 ‘The designation of an end in work-
ing is the great perfection of an intelligent Agent. 1731
saitey vol. I, Designation..also the marking the abut-
ments and boundings of anestate. 1784 Cowrer 7froc. 6
With designatiow of the finger’s end. 1794 Pacey Lait.
(1825) IT. 224 ‘The designation of the time would have been
more determinate. 1860 TRENCH Seri. Westin, Abb, xv.
164 The intention with which he thus designated Jesus unto
them: they understand it. .not at the first designation.
b. concr. A distinctive mark or indication.
1646 Sir I’. Browne Pseud. £f. 1. xiii. 224 Those stars..
were indeed but designations of such quarters and portions of
the yeare, wherein the same were observed, 1831 J. Davirs
Manual Mat, Aled, 26 Vhe word ana. .is placed before the
designation of the quantity.
2. The action of appointing or nominating a per-
son for a particular office or duty ; the fact of being
thus nominated ; appointment, nomination.
1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. Ded. § 14 There hath not been
.-any public designation of writers or inquirers. 1640 Dr.
1 1674 OwEN //oly Spirit (1693) 83
ration of God unto his Kingdom. ¢ 1689 in
Somers 7'racts I. 315 Till the King in Designation be
actually invest the Regal Office. 1791 Cowrer
nation of the Greeks was sent Am-
An Nori, Cong. (1876) IL. ix. 373
This gvasé designation of Eadward to the crown,
+b. The appointment of a thing; the summon-
ing of an assembly. Oés.
@ 1638 Mrve Disc. Esch. xx. 20 Wks. (1672) 1. 56 The
designation or pitching that Seventh upon the day we call
Rk. Taytor Gt. Aaxciip. iit. $9 By desig-
z for prayer. 1697 Br. Patrick Covi.
E i. 5 The Designation of this seventh Day was. .from
their wonderful Deliverance. 1777 Burke Let. Sherif?s
Bristol Wks, 1842 I. 218 At the first designation of these
assemblies. ewer
+e. The qualification of being marked out or
fitted foran employment; vocation, bent (of mind),
‘call’, Ods.
1657 Burton's Diary (1828) Il. 14 That man that has
a designation to that work [preaching]. 1736 BoLincuroKe
atriot. (1749) 12 ‘These are the men to whom the part
1 mentioned is assigned. Their talents denote their general
designation. — 1779-81 Jounson L. 7., Cowley Wks. IL. 6
‘That particular designation of mind, and propensity for
some certain science or employment, which is commonly
called Genius.
3. The action of devoting by appointment to
a particular purpose or use ; an act of this nature.
arch.
1637 Gittesrie Eng. Pop. Cerem. it. i. 6 Designation or
deputation is when a man appoints a thing for such an use.
1767 Biacxstone Com. I. 329 ‘To make various desi
tions of their profits. 1796 C. Marsuace Garden. xii. (1812
136 ‘The designation of trees to a wall necessarily occasions
cutting.
b. Sc. Law. The setting apart of manses and
glebes for the clergy from the church lands by the
presbytery of the bounds.
1572 Sc. Acts Fas. VI (1597) § 48 Vpon the said marking
and designation, the Arch-bishop..sal giue his testimonial!,
bearing how he [etc.]. 1861 in W. Bett Dict. Law Scotl.
s.v., After a designation by the presbytery. 1864 [see Dr-
SIGN v. 5].
e. U.S. The authoritative allotment of ground
for oyster-culture ; concr. the, ground thus allotted.
+ 4. Purpose, intention, design. Ods.
1662 StittincrL., Orig. Sacr., The end of his life in
Hannahs designation. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. ut. i. $7
So far is there a constant Connection between the Sound
and the Idea and a Designation that the one stand for the
other. 1737 Wuiston Fosephus’ Antig. xvi. vi. §9 God
proved opposite to his designation. 1763 Mrs. Brooke
Lady F. Mandeville (1782) U1. 2 Vhis mutual passion is the
designation of heaven to restore him.
+ 5. Sketching, delineation. Ods. rare.
1796 JANE West Cossif’s Story 1. 4 A mere novice in
landscape designation, I confine myself to the delineation
of..human character.
6. A descriptive name, an appellation ; sfec. in
Law, the statement of profession, trade, residence,
etc., added for purposes of identification to a per-
son’s name.
1824 Lanvor Jmag. Conv. (1846) 8 A designation which
Ihave no right to. 1868 GLapstone Fav. Mund? ii. (1870)
43 The name Argeioi .. as a designation of the army before
‘Troy. 1876 E. Mettor /’riesth. i. 15 The name ‘priest-
hood’., became a designation of the whole Church of
1855 Mirman Lat. Chr. vit. vi. (1864) TV. 202 |
DESIGNING.
Designative (des, devzignetiv), a. and sd.
[ad. med.L. désignativ-us, f. ppl. stem désiguat- +
see -IVE. In mod.F. désignatif.]
A. adj, Uaving the quality of designating.
1611 Corcr., Designatif, designatiue, denotatiue.
J. Henry Camp. agst. Quebec 91 Merely designative of the
raw soldier, 1818 BentHam C4, Eng. 35 ‘Then are the words
designative of the sort of act first mentioned, 1845 F. Bar-
uam An Odd Medley 8 The [Hebrew] designative preposi-
tion ath. fe
B. sd. Anything used to designate.
1824 J. Giccurist tym. [nterfr. 77 Perhaps the scientific
purpose intended is as well accomplished by these as by
any designatives that could be invented. —
Designator (de's-, dezigne'to1).
nator, agent-n, from déstgndre to DESIGNATE.
1. One who designates or points out.
2. Rom. Antig. An officer who assigned to each
person his rank and place in public shows and
ceremonies.
1706 in Puiiars (ed. Kersey).
s.v., There were designators at funeral solemniti
the games, theatres, and shew 3
Designatory, @ [Pi Lotype Fad SUYHALOVT- US,
f. designator; see prec. and -ory.] Of or pertain-
ing to a designator or designation.
1885 Sik LL. W. Cave in Law 7imes’ Rep. LAL, 518/1 That
the indefinite article has the same designatory force as the
definite.
Designed dioind), A//. a. [f. Desian v. +
-ED.] fa. Marked out, appointed, Designate.
b. Planned, purposed, intended. @. Drawn, out-
lined; formed, fashioned, or framed according to
design.
a. 1609 Bisir (Douay) Viv. viii. Comm, ‘heir designed
offices. 1622 Bacon //en. 177, Wks. (1860! 331 His two
designed generals. 1701 W. Worton //ist. None i
He was designed Consul for next Year. 1751 Cramper
Cyet. Supfd. s.v. Bishop, Vishop designed, episcopus destg-
Nats, :
b. 1586 B. Young Guasso's Civ. Conz. iw. 180b, Fortify-
ing my designed purpose. 1660 Barrow “uci Pref. (1714)
3 A Size beyond the design’d Proportion. 1717 Lavy M.W.
Monracu Leté. 1 Jan. (1887) I. 139 Making my designed
return amystery, 1865 Moztry J/érac. vii. 291 note, That
this failure. should be designed.
@. 1870 Emerson Soe. § Sodit., Ar¢ Wks. (Bohn) ITT. 16
An oak-tree .. being the form in nature best designed to
resist a constant assailing force.
+ To be designed, to be purposed or minded:
sce DESIGN 2. g.
Designedly (d/zainedli, adv. [f. prec. +
-LY *.] By design, on purpose, intentionally.
1658-9 Burton's Diary (1828) I. 394 You need not be
1812
1727 51 Cuampers Cyed.
s, and at
28
character.
1864 in Latnuam. J/od. The designedness of the ‘co
incidence’ was obvious.
Designer ((/zaina1). Also 7 designor. [f.
Desicn v. +-ERL] One who designs.
1, One who originates a plan or plans.
1670. G. H. //ist. Cardinals 1. 11. 151 Thoughtful and
cogitative, a great designor. 1736 Butter -lva/. uu. Concl.
Wks. 1874 I. 307 ‘Ten thousand thousand instances of design
cannot but prove a designer. ‘1863 J. G. Murruy Com.
Gen. i. 2 The Great Designer.
2. In bad sense: One who cherishes evil designs
or is actuated by selfish purposes; a_ plotter,
schemer, intriguer.
1649 Prynne Demurrer 83 The greatest designers, plotters
and lifters up of themselves against the interest of Christ.
1704 IT. Brown Praise of Wealth Wks. 1730 1. 84 Vhe
cunning designer gets into the princes favour. 1726 in H.
Campbell Love-lett. Mary Q. Scots (1824 20 Where is one
faithful friend to be chosen out among a thousand base
designers?
3. One who makes an artistic design or plan of
construction; a draughtsman; sfcc. one whose
business is to invent or prepare designs or patterns
for the manufacturer or constructor.
1662 Evetyn Chalcogr. 147 Where the Workman is not
an accomplished Designer. 1752 Jounson Rambler No.
190 ® to Sculptors, painters, and designers. ee Leeds
Mercury 21 May 5/1 The designers of these tank vessels.
1892 Labour Commission Gloss. No. 9 Designer, the archi-
tect who designs the enrichment for the ‘ modeller’ in the
plastering trade, Zod. A designer in a textile factory.
Designful (d/zoinful), a. [f Destan sb. +
-FUL.] Full of design; purposed, intentional.
1677 [see next]. 1867 J. H. Srirtinc Crit, Ess. (1868)
206 ‘Ihe ascription to Kant of designful reticence and
intentional obscurity. 1890 — Gifford Lect. iv. 73 The..
designful contrivance of the world.
Desi: ess. [f. prec.+-NnESs.] Design-
ful quality: a. craftiness, scheming; b. fullness
of design, intentional or prearranged character.
#1677 Barrow Serv. Wks. 1716 Il. 83 Drawn over with
-. features of base designfulness, 1890 J. H. Stirtinc
Gifford Lect, v. 94 The designfulness is but contingent.
signing (d/zai-nin), vd/. sd. [f. Desien v.
-+-ING!.] The action of Design v. ; marking out,
nomination ; planning, preliminary sketching, etc.
_ @1618 Raveicu Maxims St. (1651) 77 Upon the design-
ing of his successour, 1756 Nugent Gr. Zour 1V. 92 The
DESIGNING.
desleniog was by Michael Angelo. 1884 Atheneum 12 Jan.
59/1 Both the Dublin cathedrals are of English designing.
b. Evil design, plotting, eae
1658-9 Burton's Diary (1828) II]. 55 Petty designings.
1795 Jemima 11. 18 Her suspicions were excited by his
detected er, and probable deep designings.
ce. attrib,
rgix Suartess. Charac. (1737) 111. 403 The designing
Arts..such as Architecture. Daily Tel._29 co:
It has a ‘ designing class’ at South Kensington.
Designing (@ainin), s//. a. [-1NG 2.]
1. That designs, plans, etc.; characterized by
constructive forethought.
1653 H. More Antid. Ath. 1. xi. § 13 (1712) 78.A knowing
and designing Providence. 1711 Sree.e Sfect. No. 43 P 3
We are all Grave, Serious, Designing Men, in our 2
1850 M°Coso Div. Govt, 111. i. (1874) 299 The order and
adaptation of nature suggest a designing mind.
2. That cherishes evil designs or is actuated by
ulterior motives; scheming, crafty, artful.
@ 1671 Lp. Fatrrax Mem. (1699) 100 The sad consequences
that crafty and designing men have Lae sa to pass. 1711
Appison Sect. No. 131 P6 The old Knight is impos’d upon
by a designing Fellow. 1887 Bowen Virg. Aéneid 1. 196
Feigned tears and designing sorrow.
Spee aae , adv. [f. prec. + -LY2.] In-
tentionally; with evil design or selfish purpose,
craftily.
1684 H. More Answ. Bjb, Over prone cunningly and
ait to serve their turns, 1879 Barinc-Goutp
Germany 1.239 Trades'-unions are an excellent institution,
if not ignorantly or designingly misdirected.
Designless dézainlés), a. [f. Desicn sd, +
-LESS.] Void of design or plan ; purposeless.
1643 HamMmonp Serm. at Oxf, Wks. 1683 1V. 513 That
designless love of sinning. @1691 Boye //ist. Air xii.
(1692) 65 These Wounds must have been made by some
designless Agent. 1883 Jerreries Story of my Heart 59
The designless, formless chaos of chance-directed matter.
Desi‘gnlessly, adv. [f. prec.+-Ly 2] With-
out design or plan ; with no specific purpose.
1648 Boye Seraph. Love xiii. (1700) 77 His [the Sun’s]
visits are nade designlessly. a@ 1691 — Iks. VI. 80(R.) Not
rashly or designlessly shuffled by a blind hazard.
+ Desi‘'gniment. 0/s. [f. Design v. +-menv.]
= DESIGNATION, DESIGN.
1. Indication by sign or token.
1625 Git Sacr. /’hilos. ii. 156 No Scripture is so direct..
as this for the certaine designement of the time. a 1684
Leicuton Comm, 1 Det. ii, 14 The them that are sent .. is
a very clear designment of the inferior governors of those
times.
2. Appointment ornomination to office or function;
consignment or destination to a fate.
1582 N. ‘T.(Rhem.) Zwke vi. 12 Annot., Asa preparation to |
the designement of his Apostles. 1612 ‘I’. ‘TAytor Com.
Titus i. 7 Designements to offices and places. 1642 Jer.
Taytor /fisc. (1647) 93 Paul & Barnabas .. went to the
Gentiles, by. .speciall designement made at Antioch. 1668
H. More Div. Dial. 1. xviii. (1713) 326 No designment of
them to Sin and Damnation. 1732 Law Serious C. xxii.
(1761) 420 It is by the express designment of God, that some
beings are Angels, and others are men.
3. Appointment, arrangement, or ordination of
affairs; planning, designing ; hence, that which is
planned ; an enterprise, undertaking, design.
1583 Harsner Serm. Ezek. (1658) 135 Had he had freedome
to haue altered Gods Designment, Adams liberty had bene
aboue the designment of God. 1594 Ord. Prayerin Liturg.
Serv. O. Eliz. (1847) 654 Cruel designments so closely |
plotted against her innocent life. 1604 Suaks. Oth. 11.
1, 22 The desperate Tempest hath so bang’d the Turkes,
That their designement halts. 1621 Coryat Crudities 205
A very disastrous accident .. frustrated his whole designe-
ment. 1659 Gent/. Calling (1696) 139 Many hours .. inter-
vening between the Designment and the Execution [of a
Duel}. 1738 Warsurton Div. Legat. I. 216 A strange
Jumble as well as Iniquity in this Designment.
4. Artistic representation, delineation; an out-
line, sketch ; an original draught or design.
1570 Dee Math. Pref. in Billingsley Exclide Aj, Of all
these, liuely designementes .. to in velame parchement
described. 1658 Drypen Death O. Cromwell 96 For though
some meaner artist’s skill were shown .. Yet still the fair
designment was his own. 1667 — “ss. Dram. Poesie (R.),
Shall that excuse the ill painture or designment of them?
1703 ‘I’. N. City § C. Purchaser 85 A neat and full Expres-
sion of the rst Idea or Designment thereof.
Desilicate (désilike't),v. [f. Dr-IL. 1.] ¢rans,
To deprive of silica, Hence Desi-licated ///. a.
In mod. Dicts.
Desili-cify, Desi‘licize, ». [f. De- Il. 1]
trans. To free from silex or silicon; =Desti-
coNnIzE, Hence Desili:cifica‘tion.
In mod. Dicts. | me
Desiliconize (disilikénai:z), v. [f. De-II.1.]
trans. To deprive of or free from silicon. Hence
Desi'liconized f//. a.; -izing vii. sb. and ffl. a.;
Desiliconiza'tion.
1881 C. R. A. Wricut in Encyed. Brit. XU. 333 /1 (Lren)
The decarbonizing and desiliconizing of iron by the action of
an oxidizing atmosphere is the essential feature of the
processes of refining pig iron and of making natural steel.
1891 7 mes 8 Oct. 14/6 They had suffered more from desili-
© than from desulphurizati
Desilver (disi‘lvar),v. [f. De-II.2.] rans.
To deprive of its silver, remove the silver from.
1864 in Wesster. 1886 Fenn Master of Ceremonies 1. ii.
9 The over-cleaned and de-silvered plated pot.
246
Desilverize (disi'lvarsiz), v. [f De IL 1]
trans. To extract the silver from (lead or other
metal).
1872 Raymonp Statist, Mines & Mining 450 Two systems
. -desilverizing and refining two charges of ticad} in twenty-
four hours. 1886 A. J. Barrour Question 1239 Gold § Silver
Comm., ‘The cost of desilverising the copper.
Hence Desi‘lverized ///. a., Desi‘lverizing v//.
sb, and ppl. a.; also Desilveriza‘tion.
1870 J. Percy (¢it/e), The Metallurgy of Lead, including
Desilverization and Cupellation. 1872 Raymonp Statis?.
Mines & Mining 4
unds of lead. 1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. 1V. 49/2 In
lead pipes the soft desilverised lead is considered best.
Desinence (de'sinéns). [a. F. d/sinence (16th
c. in Hatzfeld) = It. destnenza ‘a desinence or ter-
mination’ (Florio), ad. med.L. désinentia, f. dé-
sinent-em ; see next.] Termination, ending, close ;
Gram. a termination, suffix, or ending of a
word.
1599 Br. Haut Sat. Postcr., Fettering together the series
of the verses, with the bondes of like cadence or desinence
of rime. 1623 Favine Theat. Hon. u. i. 67 The Romaine
desinence or ending. 1814 Berincton Lit. Hist. Aid.
Ages v. (1846) 273 The ear was thus flattered by a certain
musical desinence, nor could it a moment doubt where every
verse closed. 1 Barpstey Surnames i, (1875) 13 The
Saxon added ‘son’, as a desinence, as ‘ Williamson ’.
Desinent (de'sinént’, a. ?Ods. [ad. L. dé-
sinent-em, pr. pple. of désinére to leave off, close,
f. Dr- I. 1, 2 + sinére to leave.] Forming the end,
terminal ; ending, closing.
1605 B. Joxson Masgue Blackness, Six tritons..their
upper parts human. .their desinent parts fish. 1677 Cary
Chronol. 1. 11. 111. iii, 227 ‘The State was left in Confusion
.-until the 38th desinent of Azariah. /éid, 228 An. 39 of
Uzziah desinent. | :
Desine‘ntial, «. [f. med.L. désinentia (see
DESINENT) +-AL.] Pertaining to, or of the nature
of, a desinence or ending.
1818 Monthly Mag. XLVI. 322 The desinential charac-
teristics of the Latin noun. 1869 F. Hatt in Lauder's
7 ractate 24 The desinential -i/, for -ed [in Scotch pa. pples.]
Desiner, var. of DecenER, Ods.
1sgt Garrarp Art IVarre 14 Under the charge of a
Desiner or chiefe of a chamber.
Desines, obs. form of Dizziness.
Desinterressed, var. of DisiNTERESSED a. Obs.
+ Desi‘piate, v. Ods.—° [irreg. f. L. dési-
pere \déstpio) to be foolish, f. De- 1. 6 + sapere to
be wise.] 24”. To become foolish.
1623 in Cockeram. 1663 F. Hawxins Youth's Behav,
102.
Desipience (d/si:piéns). [ad. L. desipientia,
f. désipient-em VesIPIENT: see -ENCE.] Folly;
foolish trifling, silliness.
1656 Biount Glossogr., Desipience is when the sick person
speaks and doth idly ; dotage. 1882 A. W. Warn Dickens
ii. 24 Occasional desipience in the form of the wildest
farce. 1887 Spectator 17 Sept. 1251 The maturity of sweet
desipience.
Desi‘piency. [see prec.,and -ency.] =prec.
1672 Six TI, Browne Left, Friend $22 Many are mad but
in..one prevalent desipiency. 1856 7itax Mag. Dec. 496 If
the desipere be but fx doco, religion itself will not forbid
the seasonable desipiency.
Desipient ((/si-piént), a. rare. [ad. L. désé-
pient-em, pr. pple. of désipere to be void of under-
standing, f. Dr- 1.6 + sapere to know.] Foolish,
silly ; playing the fool, idly trifling.
1727 in Baitey vol. II. Srevenson in Times 2 June
17/4 In his character of disinterested spectator, gracefully
desipient. we ;
Desirability (d/zoiv:rabi'liti). [f. next +-rry.]
The quality of being desirable; desirableness ;
quasi-concr. (with f/.) a desirable condition or thing.
1824 Sourney Life 4 Corr. (1850) V. 189, I see possibilities
and capabilities and desirabilities. 1859 Farrar £ric 95
Of this school he often bragged as the acmé of desirability.
186r Berusr. Hore Eng. Cathedr. 19th C. iii. 68 Any de-
cision upon the distinctive ibility or desirability of new
cathedrals. 1873 Symonps Gr. Poets iii. 87 ‘The desirability
of consorting with none but the best company.
Desirable (dizaierib'l), a. (sb.) Also 7-8
desireable. [a. F. déstrable (12th c. in Hatzfeld),
f. désiver to Desire, after L. roel
1. Worthy to be desired; to be wished for. In
early use often standing for the qualities which
cause a thing to be desired: Pleasant, delectable,
choice, excellent, goodly.
1382 Wycur Prov. xxi. 20 Desyrable tresor and oile in the
dwelling place of the riz3twis. ¢ Caxton Blanchardyn
xxiii, 80 Blanchardyn .. as that thinge whiche most he
desyred in this world, dyde accepte this gracyouse and de-
syrable ansuere. 1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 126
Greate varietye of desirable flowers. 1611 Brste Ese, xxiii.
12 She doted vpon the Assyrians .. horsemen riding vpon
horses, all of them desireable young men, 1662 STu-LiNGrL.
Orig. Sacr. ut. iii. § 7 No evil is in its self desirable, or to
The desilverizing kettle holds 22,009 |
+ 3. Characterized by or full of desire. Ods.
2759 Saran Fietpine C'tess buf Dellwyn Be 23 bf Sew
ble View of renderi Smiles or Frowns ‘on-
uence.
“SB. sb. ‘That which is desirable; a desirable
property or thing.
1645 E. WIvLAN in Treas. Dav. Ps. xvi. 11 All
these desirables are Seed within the com; of the first
remarkable. 1721 Watts Serm. ii. Wks. 1812 I. 18 He..
despises fame .. pl e and riches, and all mortal desir-
ables. 1797 Mrs. A. M. Bennett Beggar Girl (1813) V.
52 Besides the desirables it would purchase [etc ].
Miss Broucuton Nancy If. 82 At that time, you see, he
had not all the desirables.
Desirableness. [f. prec. + -NxESss.
1. The quality or fact of being desirable.
1647 CLarenvon /ist. Red. 1. (1843) 34/2 Discourses upon
the thing itself, and the desirableness of it. a ga Goop-
win Filled w. the Spirit (1867) 125 Matters of lig ter con-
cernment or less desirableness. p Ba Mactuus Popul. 111.
App. 229 The desirableness of a great and efficient popula-
tion. 1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. 1. 384 To discuss .. the
— of fulfilling the engagement into which he had
entered.
+ 2. In active sense : Desirousness. Ods.
1649 St. 7 rials, Lieut.-Col. John Lilburne (R., To declare
my desireableness to keep within the bounds of reason,
moderation, and discretion.
Desirably (dizairabli\, adv. [f. as prec. +
-LY *.] In a desirable manner ; according to what
is desirable.
1823 J. Bapcock Dom. Amusem. 7o The ground where you
would most desirably dig a well.
+ Desi-rant, A//. a. Obs. [a. F. désirant, pr.
pple. of déstver to desire; repr. L. désiderant-em.]
Desiring, desirous of.
©1450 J/erlin 73 That I sholdé remembre the thinge that
I beste loved .. and that I am moste desiraunte.
Desire (d/zai»-1), sb. Forms: 4-5 desir, desyr,
(desijr, dessire, dissire, -yre), 4-6 desyre, de-
sier, (5 desyer, desere, 6 desyig), 4- desire.
[ME. a. OF. desir (12th c. in Littré), mod.F. désir
= Pr. dezir, desire, It. desio, desire, deriv. f. the vb.
desirare, ¥. désirer to DESIRE: see next.]
1. The fact or condition of desiring ; that feeling
or emotion which is directed to the attainment or
possession of some object from which pleasure or
satisfaction is expected ; longing, craving ; a parti-
cular instance of this feeling, a wish.
1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 3410 3yf pou haue grete
desyre To be clepyd lorde or syre. ¢1380 Wycur Whs.
(1880) 147 Gret desir of heuenel ly 14.. Why I can't
be a nun 303 in E. E. P. (3862) 146 Thy fyrst desyre and
thyne entent Was to bene a nune professed. 1513 More in
Grafton Chron. (1568) I]. 757 The execrable desyre of
sovereintie. 1632 J. Havwakp tr. Biond’s Eromena ge,
I have a great desire to get a sightof him. 1652 J. Wricnr
tr. Camus’ Nat. Paradox 353 Seeing the cards thus shuffled
to his own desire. 1653 i. More Antid. Ath. un. xii. § 15
(1712) 83 An unsatiable desire after that just OroUus
temper of Mind. 1752 Jounson Rambler No. 206 P 4 This
conflict of desires. 1759 — Nassedas xxxvii, His predomi-
nant passion was desire of money. 1841 Lane Araé. Nés. 1.
2 The elder King felt a strong desireto see his brother. 1853
J Newman /ist. Sk. (1873) 11.1. i. 1x Objects of desire
to the barbarian. 1856 Emerson Eng. 7 raits, Relig. Wks.
(Bohn) II. 100 The new age has new desires. 1878 oweTT
/lato (ed. 2) V. 51 A man should pray to have right desires,
before he prays that his desires may be fulfilled.
b. personified.
1575 Gascoicns Pr, Pleas. Kenilw., That wretch Desire
Whom neither death could daunt [etc.], 1821 Suettey
Prometh, Unt. 1. i. 734 As fleet As Desire’s i feet.
1876 Gro. Evior Dan, Der. 11. xxvii. 170 Desire has trimmed
- sails, and Circumstance brings but the breeze to fill
them.
2. spec. Physical or sensual appetite ; lust.
¢ 1340 Hamrote Prose Tr. 3'This name Thesu. .dose away
grevesnes of fleschel gc 1398 Trevis Barth, De
P. R. vu. xiv. (1495) 257 appetyte of the stomak is
callyd desyre. a@ Alexander To blemysch
oure blode with bodely dissires. a@1g3g Wyatt in 7ottel's
Misc. (Arb.) 224 If thy desire haue ouer thee the power,
Subiect then art thou and no gouernour. 1611 SHAKs.
Cymb. 1. vie & That satiate yet vnsatisfi'd desire. 1711
Sreece Sfect. No. 151 P 2 A constant Pruri of inordinate
Desire. Burke Swéd & B.m.i, Which shows that
beauty, the passion caused by a which I call love,
is different from desire. 1867 Baker Nile 7 ribut. viii. 166
The flesh of the crocodile is eaten ily, being spent
to promote desire. 1887 Bowen I’irg. Aineid w.g1 Against
enkindled desire Honour.i was ,
+3. Longing for something lost or missed ;
regret; Dgsipertum. Oés.
¢ 1611 Cuarman //iad xvi. 380 So unremoved stood these
steeds, their heads to earth let fall, And warm tears gushing
from their eyes, with passionate desire Of their kind manager.
4. A wish as expressed or stated in words; a re-
quest, petition. ‘ ,
©1340 Cursor M. 10513 (Trin. desire and py
Is pent togoddesere. 1404 Holds of Parit. III. 549/1 The
Kyng thanketh hem of here gode desire, willyng put it in
be chosen. 1783 Watson PAilip 1/1 (1839) 169 It was surely
desirable to put a period to these calamities, 1833 J. Hot-
Lanp Manuf. Metal 11, 301 ‘This exceedingly convenient
and desirable machine. 1891 H. Marruews in Law Times
XCII. 96/1 Some general modifications in the rules .. are
now desirable. P
+2. To be regretted or desiderated ; able.
1650 T. Froyseit Gale of Opportunity (1652) 1 He lived
amiable and dyed desirable.
als sone as he wel may. reg Le Berners /voiss.
1. exiii, 135 The erle sent thyder, at their desyers, John of
Norwyche, to be their Capta 1670 Marvett Corr.
elxxxvi. Wks. 1872-5 I. 377 The House hath been in con-
favenen with: thy Lone pin theled , about the Addi
ol ing Popish R 1794 Netson in Nicolas
Bisptatas) be 428 The nts have written desires from me
to cally a ers. ne . = — 1842 Biscnorr
‘001 fanuf. 11. send, at your a
general lint of articles ‘weed in the ne Nadi ne Fm
DESIRE.
5. transf. An object of desire; that which one
desires or longs for, (Originally only contextual).
1340-70 A //saunder 1047 Hee hoped to haue there of his
hertes desyres. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle 1. xxxix. (Caxton, repr.
1859)43 Hesawe that henemyght nought acheuen hysdesyre.
1535 Covespane Ps, liii. [liv.] 7 So that myne eye seyth his
desyre vpon myne enemies. 1611 Brie Haggaz ii. 7 The
desire of all nations shall come. 1699 Dampier Voy. IL. 11. i.
We steered off to the North expecting a Sea-Breez at
E.N.E. and the third day had our desire. 1709 STEELE
Tatler No. 159 P 5 Farewel my Terentia, my Heart’s De-
sire, farewel. 1732 Fiecpinc Mock Doctor Ded., That
politeness which..has made you the desire of the great, and
the envy of the whole profession. 1863 TENNyson Welcome
Alex., Welcome her, welcome the land's desire.
Desire (dizaie1), v. Also 3-7 desyre, 4 de-
sirre, 4-5 disire, -yre, 4-6 desir, 5 dissire, -yre,
desier, desyr, disere, 5-6 dessire, -yre, dyssire,
-yre, 6 dissier. [ME. a. OF. destre-r (earlier
destdrer, desirrer) = Pr. desirar, It. destare, disirare,
Rom. type destvare:—L. désiderare to miss, long
for, desire: see DESIDERATE 7.]
1. trans. To have a strong wish for ; to long for,
covet, crave. a. with s¢mple ob/.
¢1230 Hali Meid. 11 Ant penne wile .. Pe king of alle
kinges desire be to leofmon. 1340 A yen. 244 Per is. .al pet
herte may wylnj, and of guod desiri. a 1400-50 Alexander
g22 To be kyng he kest slik a hate, pat he desiris his deth.
1538 Starkey England 1.i. 21 Of al thyng best and most to
be desyryd. 1607-12 Bacon “/'ss., Empire (Arb.) 294 It is a
miserable state of minde to have few thinges to desier, and
manie thinges to feare. 1670 Mitton //7st. Eng. wv. Wks.
(1851)169 Offa. .acomely Person. .much desir’d of the people ;
aad such his virtue .. as might have otherwise been worthy
to have reigned, 1832 Tennyson ‘Of old sat Freedom on
the heights,’ Her open eyes desire the truth. 1871 R. Extis
Catullus \xii. 50 Many a wistful boy and maidens many
desire it. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) I. 201 Do not all men
desire happiness ?
b. with zzfin,: To wish, long (/o be, have, do).
a 1300 Cursor M, 10486 (Cott.) Suilk a worthi sun, . Als sco
desird for tohaf. c1q400 MaunpEv. (Roxb.) xiv. 62 Desirand
to see pare wifes and pare childer. ¢ 1425 //amzfole’s Psalter
Metr. Pref. 29 Who so desires it to know. 1509 Hawes
Past. Pleas. xv. vi, To speke wyth her gretly desyrynge.
1602 Suaks. Ham, iv. v. 140 If you desire to know the
certaintie. 1697 Drypen xeid u. init., Since .. ‘Troy's
disast’rous end [you] desire to know. 1875 Jowrtr Plato
(ed. 2) IV. 30 They donot desire to bring down their theory
to the level of their practice.
¢c. with 047. clause.
¢1340 Cursor M. 1801 (Trin.) penne desired po caitifs badde
a] had ben by noe ladde. c1600 Suaxs. Sonn. Ixi. 3
lost thou desire my slumbers should be broken? 1784
Cowrer 7Jivoc. 811 To you .. Who wise yourselves, desire
your sons should learn Your wisdom. 1850 TENNyson /7
Mem. 1. 1 Do we indeed desire the dead Should still be
near us? 1859 — Lancelot § Elaine 1089 You desire your
child to live.
2. intr. (or absol.) ‘To have or feel a desire.
1393 Gower Conf. II. 5 For she, which loveth him to-fore,
Desireth ever more and more. 1611 Biste Prov, xiii. 4 The
soule of the sluggard desireth, and hath nothing. 1620
Snevton Quix. III. vy, He that will not when he may, when
he desireth shall have nay. @1831 A. Knox Rem. 1. 37
In moral matters, to desire, and possess, differ in degree,
rather than reality. 1875 Jowrrr (ato (ed. 2) 1,68 He who
desires, desires that of which he is in want.
tb. Const. after, to, etc. Obs.
a1300 Holy Rode 347 in Leg. Rood 46 Po desirede }e
quene muche after pe nailes pre War-wib our lord was
Inailed to be tre. 1325 Prose Psalter xii{i}. 1 As pe hert
de-siret to be welles of waters, so de-sired my soule to be,
1477 Norton Ord, Alch, Proem in Ashm, (1652) 6
Every estate desireth after good. 1549-62 STERNHOLD & H.
Ps. cxliii. 6 My soule desireth after thee.
+3. trans. Of things: ‘To require, need, demand.
1577 B. Goocr Heresbach’s Husb. 1. (1586) 29 It desyreth
a moyst ground, riche and good. 1§87 Gotpinc De Afornay
xxvi. 397 True beautie desireth no painting. 1g91 SPENSER
Tears of Muses 541 A doleful case desires a dolefull song.
1607 Torseit Four-f. Beasts 292 There be many kindes
of Mise, and every one of them desireth a particular tractate.
4. To long for (something lost); to feel the loss
of, miss, regret, desiderate. (In quot. 1614, fass.,
to be missed, to be wanting.) Ods. or arch.
1557 Nortu tr. Guevara's Diall Pr. 232b/2 On the death
of thy child Verissimus, thy sonne so much desired.
161r Biste 2 Chron, xxi. 20 He reigned in Ierusalem
eight yeeres, and departed without being desired. 1614
Sevpen 7%t/es Hon. 142 Otherwise .. Pharaohs discretion
would have been much desired. 1658 RowLanp Mou/fet's
Theat. Ins. Ep. Ded., That the Reader..may-not desire an
Epistle, or complain that there is one wanting. 4
‘Tennyson Holy Grail 897 And now his chair desires him
here in vain.
5. To express a wish for (an object); to ask
for, request.
Const. a. with simple 047. : to d.athing; b. to d. a thing
of, from (+ at) a person (arch.); C. with inf ob7.; to d. to
now, have, etc., something ; Gd. with 047. cl., tod. that...
a@. c1314Guy Warw. (A.) Erls, doukes of pe best..Me
[Felice] haue desired apliz3t, Pat neuer of me hadde si3t.
1350 MWrll. Palerne 4583, I desired pis damisele..To haue
hire to pi bro'er .. Ac hire moder in no maner hire nold me |
graunte. ¢ 1450 Merdin 27 When thei wiste that Vortiger
disered the pees, they were gladde. 1656 Burton's Diary
(1828) I. 39, | move that his Highness’s advice may be de-
sired in it. 1754 CuatHam Lett, Nephew iv. 2t If you are
forced to desire farther information .. do it with proper
apologies. 1841 Lane Avad. Nes. 1. 97, I had spaietaian,
but thou desiredst my death.
bic Destr. Troy 7897 Pai .. sent to bat souerain ..
dessirond full depely delyuerans of hir. 1535 CoverpaLe
1 Kings ii. 16 Now desyre I one peticion of the. — 30d
247
xxxi, 16 When the poore desyred eny thinge at me, haue I
denyed it them? 165x Sir E. Nicuovas in NV. Papers
(Camden) 282 What you desire from mee. 1666 Prrys
Diary 5 Dec., I gave him my song.. which he has often
desired of me.
@. ¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 1022 To these kynges he come ..
And to haue of hor helpe hertely dissyred. 1450 W. SomNER
in Four C. Eng. Lett. 4 Vhe maister desyryd to wete yf the
shepmen wolde holde with the duke. 1563 Apr. Parker
Corr, (Parker Soc.) 191, 1..thereupon desired to have the
Council’s letters. 1785 Mod. Times 1. 16 He desired
never to hear any thing of me. 1828 Scorr 7. A/. Perth
xxxiii, He alighted at the Dominican Convent, and desired
to see the Duke of Albany. 1887 Bowen Virg. <2uefd m1.
358 Speech I crave of the seer, and desire his counsel to
learn.
d. 1404 Rolls of Parlt, 11. 549/1 The Comunes desiren
that the Kyng shulde leve upon his owne. 1656 Burton's
Diary (1828) 1. 80, I desire it may not die. 1689 7>yad
Bps. 19 We desire it may be read in English for we don't
understand Law-Latin. 1738 Swirt Pol. Conversat. 98 Run
to my Lady M— ; and desire she will remember to be here
at Six. 1823 Sourney //ist. Penins. War 1. 176 He desired
Velarde would write to the court.
6. To express a wish to (a person); to request,
pray, entreat.
ta. with sémple object: to make a request to (ods.);
+b. tod. a person a thing, or of a thing (o4s.); @. tod. a
person /o do something (the most freq. construction); d. to
d.a person that, or ofa person that...
ta. 1826-34 TINDALE Yoh xii, 21 Certayne Grekes. .cam
to Philip .. and desired him, sayinge: Syr we wolde fayne
se Iesus. 1563-87 Foxe A. § JV. (1596) 32/2 John spake
unto him, and desired him in like maner and contestation
as before.
+b. a1sss Hoorrr in Coverdale Lett. Mart. (1564) 127
Repente, and desyre god of forgeuenes. 1583 GoO1.DING
Calvin on Deut. xviii. 105 If a Childe .. desire*his Father
some fond or euill thing. 1596 Suaks. Merch. V. 1. i. 402,
I humbly doe desire your Grace of pardon.
C. 21533 Lp. Berners //von Ixi, 212, I desyre you to
shew me where ye have ben. ¢ 1563 CaveNpisH J/etr. I 7s.
in Life Wolsey (1825) I]. 124 Desyryng me vouchesalve for
toconsent l’o wright their myshappe. 1681 Tremere AZen, 11.
Wks. 1731 I. 342 The Duke of Monmouth being Chancellor,
I desir’'d the King tospeaktohim. 1710 Swirr Left. 10 Oct.
(1767) ITT. 21 He desires me to dine with him again on Sun-
day. 1747 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. V. 138 Thomas McGee ..
who was desir'd to do it. 1786 Sus. Hasweiy | %ctorva 11.
7 Lady Wealthy. . desired her to. .desire the steward give
er twelve guineas. 1833 Maxryat 7”. S7w/fle ix, He de-
sired us to ‘toe a line,’ which means to stand in a row.
d. 1523 Lo. Berners Feiss. I. cviii. 130, 1 desyre you
that we may abyde in composicyon. 1539 Cranmer J/att,
xvi. 1 The Pharises also with the Saduces .. desyred him
that he wolde shewe them a sygne from heuen. 1585 T.
Wasuincton tr. Nicholay's Voy. 1. xxi. 27 The Bascha sent
to desire the Ambassador that the next day he would come
to his solemne dynner. 1611 Biste Dav. ii. 16 Then Daniel
went in and desired of the King, that hee would giue him
time. 1822 SHeLtey Chas. /, u. 456 Go desire Lady Jane
She place my lute.
+ 7. To request to know or to be told; to ask.
1477 Caxton Yason 95 b, Iason... desired the waye. 1708
Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 107 Mr. Watts came
to me..and desir’d of me whether I were a Congregation
Man.
+8. To request the presence or attendance of; to
invite. Ods.
¢ 1325 Coer de L. 6871 Saye, that I hym desyre, And al his
cursed cumpany in fere. 1530 PALSGr. 513/2, I desyre to
dynner, or to a feest, or any repast, ze semons. 1554
Braprorp in Strype “eccl. A/em. ILI. App. xxxi. 85, I was
desyred by a neighbour .. ayenst this day to dyner. 1583
Satir. Poem Reform. xiv. Leg. Bp. St. Androis 259 This
bischop, beand present thair, Desyrit him hame. 1606 Suaks.
Tr. & Cr. iv. v. 150, I would desire My famous Cousin to
our Grecian Tents. 1606 G. W[oopcockE] tr. Hist. Justine
88 b, Arsinoe. .desired Phillip into her Citty Cassandria,
+b. To invite to a course of action, etc.
¢1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 634 Pow dost me litel worbschipe,
What pou me desirest to schenschipe. 1523 Lp. Berners
Froiss. 1. cxv. 136 Ye haue desyred vs to a thynge that is
great and weyghtie. 1588 Suaks. Z. Z. L. v. ii. 145 But
shall we dance, if they desire vs too 't? 1645 CRoMWELL
Lett. 4 Aug., I sent one Mr. Lee to them, To certify the
_peaceableness of my intentions, and to desire them to peace-
ableness.
Desired (d/zaie1d), pp. a. [f. prec. + -ED 1]
1. Wished for, longed for, etc.: see the vb.
1382 Wyciir Haggai ii.8 The desirid to alle folkis shal cume.
a1440 Found. St. Bartholomew's 43 To 3eue the a 3eifte of
desirid helth, 16xx SHaks. Cyd. 1. v. 62 To her desir'd
Posthumus, 1611 Brste Ps. cvii. 30 So he bringeth them
vnto their desired hauen. 1655 Eart Orrery Parthen. (1676)
at At last, the long desired day appear’d. 1855 MacauLay
Hist. Eng. 1V. 266 The long desired title of Elector of
Hanover.
+2. Missed, regretted, desiderated. Ods.
@ 1533 Lv. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Dd ja,
Of the death of suche an entierly desyred husbande.
+3. Affected with desire; longing, desirous.
[= L. caupidus.] Ods.
a@ 1300 Cursor M. 28505 (Cott.) Gerndand i haf oft ben
desird o pire wymmen scen. ¢1489 Caxton Blanchardyn
xlii. 158 She .. was sore desired to know of hym som gode
tydynges. 1598 Yonc Diana 318 If thy sweete voice ..
might sound in our desired eares with some happie song.
Hence Desiredly adv., in a desired manner;
++according to one’s own desire, con amore (obs. ;
cf. DestRousLY) ; Desi‘redness, the condition of
being desired.
1625 Br. Mountacu Aff. Cxsar65 He beans Pater miseri-
cordiarum, and wholly, freely, and desiredly, giving, oc-
casioning, ring, effecting our salvation. 1666 G. ALsop
Mary. (1869) 46 Every man lives quietly, and follows
DESIROUS.
his labor and imployment desiredly. 1888 P. H. Wickstrep
Alphabet Econ. Sc. 8, 1 am not aware of any recognised
word, however, which signifies the quality of being desired.
‘ Desirableness’ conveys the idea that the thing not only is
but deserves to be desired. ‘ Desiredness’ is not English,
but I shall nevertheless use it as occasion may require, 1889
Sat. Rev. 16 Feb. 198/1 His introduction into the English
language of ‘ desiredness’.
Desi‘reful, ¢. Now save.
-FUL.]
+1. Greatly to be desired, desirable. Oéds. or arch.
1382 Wycuir Dan. x. 3 Y eete not desireful breede, 1435
Misyn Fire of Love 76 Delectabyl & desirefull it is in Ji
praysinge to be. ¢1510 More Picus Wks. 15 More desire-
full is it. .to be condemned of the worlde, and exalted of God,
then to be exalted of the world and condemned of god. 1580
Sipney Arcadia (1622) 434 Euery thing was either vehe-
mently desirefull, or extreamely terrible. 1877 Bracke I] 7ve
Alen 68 A brood of desireful maidens immortal.
2. Full of desire; desirous; wishful, eager.
152. Barcray Sadlust’s Fugurth 55a, To suche desyrefull
mynde they had, nothyng coude to fast be hasted. 1540
Morysine Vives’ /ntvod. Wysd. Pref. Aijb, Alway helpynge
some, and stylle desyrefull to helpe mo. 1553 Grimatpr
Cicero's Offices 1. 68 So desireful of .. learning y® nature
of things. 1892 C. E. Norton Dante's Paradise v. 29
Beatrice. .all desireful turned herself again to that region.
Hence +Desi‘refulness, (é;., the state or quality
of being desirous ; eagerness.
1548 Upatt etc. Eras. Par. Luke Pref.8 He with greate
desirefulnesse useth to reade. did. 56 ‘Toke out of
their stomakes all desierfulnesse of doyng vengeaunce.
Desireless (d7z9i1lés), a, [f. as prec. + -LESs.]
Devoid of desire or longing.
1607 TorsELt Serpents (1653) 758 Desirelesse it seeks these
drinks and meats. 1640 Br. Reynoips /assions xl. 524 The
Will is left Hopelesse, and therefore Desirelesse. 1856
R. A. VauGcuan ALystics (1860) I. 254 Our spirit becomes
desireless, as though there were nothing. .of which we stood
in need. r
Desirer (dézaiev roi). [f. DeEstre v.
One who desires.
c14so tr.. De Jmitatione m1. xxxvi, There are many de-
sireres of contemplacion, 1548 R. Hutten Sve of Diui-
nitie A vjb, It is expedient that ther be many desirers
of the office. 1579 CoverpaLte DA, Death SE
desirers of innocency, a@ 1613 Overnury A HW 7fe (1638) 108
A desirer of learning. 1665 Maniey Grotins’ Low C. Warres
ros Yet never ceased ta admonish all desirers of novelty.
a 1691 Baxter in Tulloch Ag, Purit, iii. (1861) 366 He was
a great desirer of such abatements as might restore us all to
serviceableness.
Desiring (dizaiv rin), v7. sd. [f. Destre v. +
-InG1,] | The action of the verb Desire; longing,
desire. (Now vave or Ods. exc. as gerund.)
1377 Lanci. 2. 72. B. xt. 356 Porw coueityse and vn-
kyndedesyrynge. 1491 Caxton | Vtas Patr. (W.de W. 1495)
11, 235 b/x The desyrynges of the flesshe. 1593 ‘I’. Watson
Tears of Fancie xx. Poems (Arb.) 188 If he at first had
banisht loues desiring. 1677 Gitrin Deszonol. (1867) 63 iy
‘lust’ I mean those general desirings of our minds after any
unlawful object which are forbidden in the tenth command-
ment. J/od. One cannot gain honour merely by desiring it.
Desiring, #//.a. [f. Destre v. +-1N@*.] That
desires ; longing, desirous.
€1386 Cuaucer Melb. * 611 A man that is to desirynge
for to gete riches. ¢ 1489 CAxton Sonnes of Aymion xxiii.
497 ‘They were sore desyrynge for to see theyr wyves, theyr
chyldren, and theyr londes. 1552 Hutorrt, Desirous or de-
sirynge, afpetens, anutdus. 1593 Suaks. Nich. 1, v. ii. 14
So many greedy lookes of yong and old, Through Case-
ments darted their desiring eyes Vpon his visage. «@ 1700
Drypen (J.) Jove beheld it with a desiring look.
Desi‘ringly, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly¥.] With
desire, desirously, longingly.
1ss2 Hvutoet, Desirously, or wyth desyre, or desiringly,
cupide. 1662 J, CHANDLER Van Helmont's Oriat. Pref. to
Radr., My Spirit. .desiringly desiring thorowly to know the
whole sacred Art. 1821 CoLrrince Lett. Convers. &c. 11.
35 The voice within, whenever the heart desiringly listens
thereto.
Desirous (dizsieras), a. Also 5 desirouse,
-rose, desyrows, dessyrous, -rus, dissyrus,
dyssirus, 5-6 desyrous(e, 6 desyreous, -rus,
-rowus, desierous, dissirous, 7 desireous. [a.
AFr, desirous = OF. destreus (earlier destdros, de-
sirrus, mod.F. déstreux) = Pr. deztros, It. desideroso
:—late L. or Rom. désiderds-us, f. stem of désider-are
to DrstRE: see -ous, Orig. with stress on third
and first syllable.]
1. Having desire or longing ; characterized by or
full of desire; wishful ; desiring.
a. with of; also t fo (obs. rare).
c1300 A. Adis. 416 Olimpias stont byfore Neptanabus, Of
hire neowe love wel desirous. ¢ 1400 Des/r. Troy 8003 More
dessyrous to the dede, pen Idem can. 1489 Caxton Faytes
of A, 1. i. 169 A dyscyple desyrouse of lernynge. 1508
Dunsar Goldyn Targe 54 As falcounn swift desyrouse of
hir pray. 156r T. Norton Calvin's Just. 11. 221 They that
haue a desirous mind of amendment. 16rr Biste 7vans/.
Pref, 4 The Grecians being desirous of learning. 1755 YounG
Centaur i. Wks. 1757 1V. 125 Man is not only desirous, but
ambitious too, of happiness. 1891 Law Reports Weekly
Notes 78/2 The lessor was desirous of pulling the house
down and building a new one.
b. with if
¢ 1374 Cuaucer Former Age 59 Ne nembrot desyrous To
regne had nat maad his towres he . ©1489 Caxton Blan-
chardyn vii. 29 Ryght desyrouse to here tydynges of her
louer. 1555 Epen Decades 158 Owre men. . were desyrous to
see the towne. 1651 Hospes Leviath, 1v. xlv. 360 He is de-
sirous to save himselfe from death. 1752 Jounson Rambler
[f. Desire 5), +
+ -ER1.]
DESIROUSLY.
No. 207 P. 9 We never find ourselves so desirous to finish, as
in the latter part of our work. 1860 ‘l'yNDALL Glac. 1. xvi. 66
Being desirous to learn something of its [the glacier’s}
general features.
ce. with 047. clause.
1601 Suaks. 7'we/, N. ut. i. 83 My Neece is desirous you
should enter. 1625 Bacon £ss., Revenge (Arb.) 503 Some. .
are Desirous the party should know. 1632 J. pF peepee tr.
Biondi’s Eromena 18 That I, desirous we might recover
againe our liberty, 1828 Scorr /. J/, Perth iii, He averted
his face, as if desirous that his emotion should not be read
upon his countenance,
d. simply.
1485 Digby Myst. (1882) 11. 1110 To shew desyrows
hartes I am full nere. 1535 CoverpaLe 2 Sam. xxiii. 15
Dauid was desyrous, and sayde: Wolde God yt some man
wolde fetch me a drynke of water. 1667 Mitvon P. L. v.
631 From dance to sweet repast they turn Desirous.
+ 2. Of feelings, actions, ete. ; Characterized by,
of the nature of, or expressing, desire or longing ;
sometimes in bad sense, covetous. Ods,
a 1420 Hoccieve De Reg. Princ. 1403 The desirous talent
Ye han to goode. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 272/2 Thou hast
brought me into a desyrous affection. 1509 Barciay Shyp
of Folys(t570) 178 Alas note well thy desirous vanitie. 1580
Swwney Arcadia (1622) 166 With a desirous sigh. 1652 L. S.
People's Liberty ii. 4 Vhe word for desire .. implieth a de-
sirous affection,
+3. Full of eagerness or spirit; eager, ardent
(esp. in deeds of arms). Ods.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Sgx.'s 7.15 Yong, fressh, strong, and in
Armes desirous, As any Bacheler of al his hous. 1 3 Gowrr
Conf. 1. 89 Of armes he was desirous, healers and
amorous. cr4sotr. Ye /mitatione ut. xii, Pat pou be not a
louer of piself, but a desirous folower of my wille. ©1470
Henry Ha//ace u. 2 In prys of armys desirous and sauage.
1470-85 Matory Arthur wy. iii, A good knyght and ful de-
syrous inarmes. [Modernized reprint of 1634 desirous. ]
+4. Longing for something lost; regretful. Ods.
rare. (Cf. DESIRE sb. 3, v. 4.)
¢ 1485 Dighy Myst. (1882) 1. 1077 My swete lorde of pe
which desirose I am, and nedes must be.
+5. Exciting desire ; desirable; pleasant, delect-
able. Oés.
1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy t. viii, The lusty season freshe and
desyrous, 1§56in Strype £cc?. Mem. 1. App. |xi. 219 Whiche
most desirous daye of thy comfortable commynge hasten,
deare Lorde. 1684 Bunyan Pilg. 11. 96 They make the
Woods, and Groves, and Solitary places, places desirous to
be in. 1728 Gay Begg. Of. u. i, Wine inspires us, And fires
us..Women and Wine should Life employ. Is there ought
else on Earth desirous? [1796 cf. Peccr Anonym. (1809) 434.]
Desirously (dézaiv'rasli), adv. Now rare. [f.
prec. + -LY 2,
1. With desire or longing; wishfully, eagerly,
longingly. (Frequent in 16-17th centuries.
cxg00 Test. Love ut. (1560) 301/1 By which ye be draw
desirously any thyng to wilne in coveitous manner,
Arkynson tr. De /mnttatione i. ii, | beseche the humbly &
desirously .. that thou vouchesaue to speke to me thy selfe.
1556 J. Hevwoop Spider & F. Ixxi. titde, Desirously deuis-
ing: by what meane to get peace. 1603 Knoites //ist,
Turks (1621) 62 Which courtesie the Countie desirously em- |
braced. 1692 Sourn Serm. (1697) I. 326 Do they hasten to
their Devotions. .Or do they not rather come hither slowly,
sit here uneasily and depart desirously? 1836 W. Irvine
A storia (1849) 37 It... had been .. desirously contemplated
by powerful associations and maternal governments,
+b. With earnest desire, earnestly. Ods.
1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1. ix. 192 The
confessour ought to be well aduysed and hym enfourme
desyrously. //d. wv. xxii. 291 Righte desyrously euery
relygyous ought for to kepe hym from the tellynge of
lesynges. 1647 F. Brann Souddiers March 44 One short
Observation more would I desirously commend to your
Christian piety. . 4
+2. OL one’s own desire or wish; willingly,
specie 5 Obs. :
1531 Exyor Gov. n. xiii, Suche one as desirously wiil par-
ticipate with his frende all his good fortune. 158g CoGan
Haven Health ccxv. (1636) 233 Fhe superfluities..with the
wine, shall be drawne off the stomack..but nature doth not
so desirously draw Ale. 1635 Eart. Srrarrorp Lett. (1739)
1. If..I could have avoided meddling with him, Ishould
not desirously have begun with a Gentleman .. of so... tur-
bulent a Disposition,
Desi‘rousness. Now rare. [f. as prec. +
-NESS,] The quality of being desirous; wishful-
ness, eagerness,
1§7t Gotpinc Calvin on Ps. vii. 5 As though his desyrouse-
nesse too reigne had moved hym too trayterous rebellion.
1665 Boyte Occas. Reff. (1845) 366 My desirousness of
piety ina Preacher. 1872 A. Raceicu in Spurgeon 7reas.
Dav. Ps. cxix. 20 Dr. Chalmers .. summed up his own at-
tainments in the word ‘ desirousness.”
Desist (dizi'st), v. Also 6 -syste, -cist, 7 dis-
sist. [a, OF. destster (1358 in Littré; mod.}’. dé),
ad. L, désist-cre, f. DE- 2 + sistére to stop, stand
still.]
1. intr. To cease (from some action or proce-
dure) ; to stop, leave off, give over, forbear.
1530 ee 514, % I comet you i ras 4 ot
pose. 1, ‘ompl, Scot. vi. ray the to decist fra that
tideus oeecite orison, 1585 t Wagauarou tr, Nicho-
pe Voy. 1. xv. 16 Notwithstanding [they] did not desist
their enterprise. 1632 J. Haywarp tr, Biondi's Ero-
mena 100 At last, quite wearied with kissing and weep-
ing, they were faine to desist. _ 1752 Frevpinc Amelie 121
en should therefore desist from this enormous crime.
@ 1859 Macautay Hist. Eng. V. 51 The Peers desisted from
— ee. 8
248
tb. Const. in. Ods.
41774 Gotpsm. tr. Scarron's Comic Rom. (1775) 11. 176
Request that he would desist in his gallantries to me. 1795
ed me to desist .. in
Fate of Sediley 11. 140 He only
a of such an union, 1842 C. Wurrengan 2X. onus
(1845) II, viii. 275, I desisted in the attempt ; more properly
to speak, I declined it.
tc. Const. inf. with to. Obs,
1539 Act 31 Hen. V/1/, c. 12 Diuers idell.. persons. .haue
not desisted to take egges of faucons .. out of the nestes.
1597 Suaks. 2 Hen. /V’, 1. iii. 49 What do we then, but..at
least, desist To builde at all? 1647-8 Corrrrest. Davila’s
Hist. Fr. (1678) 19 Never desisted to persecute them. 1655-
60 Stantey //ist. Philos. (1701) 160/1 Gods always were, to
be desisted never.
d. To cease to prefer a claim.
1673 Pennsylv. Archives 1. 32 We doe hereby dissist off
the same land.
2. To come to an end, cease, terminate. Obs.
rare.
@ 1657 Sir J. Batrour Ann. Scot. (1824-5) 11. 254 The
vrging of the Perth artickells must ceasse and desist.
+ 3. trans. To leave off, discontinue. Oés.
1 Barciay Shyp of Folys (1570) 107 Thou foole desist
core vayne. : te Heverligan Hist. India 1.1.x. 225
They shuld be required to desist their viage. 1679 OatES
Narr. Popish Plot 53 He ordered the said Blundel, not to
desist the business in hand.
uncle desisted further inquiry, 1784 New Spectator xi. 6/1
Unless they desist their attacks on the fair milliner.
+4. To withstand (? error for resist). Obs.rare—'.
1548 Boprucan (Adams) fit. Aing’s Title Hiv, Who of
you by reason or otherwise 1s able to desist my persuasion
of this vnion,
Hence Desi‘sting w4/. sd.
1607 Hirron Ii'ks, 1. 270 There was no desisting from
former courses, no breaking off of olde sinnes. 1709 ( dice
Collect. 13 Mar. Mr. Lhuyd..has carried his Point. .owing
to my desisting.
Desistance ((l/zi'stins). Also-ence. [f. Dr-
sist v.: cf. OF. desistance, -ence (1300 in Godef.):
see -ANCE.] ‘The action of desisting, leaving off, or
forbearing to proceed; cessation, discontinuance
of action. 2
1632 LituGcow Trar. 1. 4, 1 partly forbeare..and reconciled
times pleading desistance, moderate discretion inserteth
silent patience. 1648 BoyLe Seraph. Love xiii. era! 78
Men..make it both the Motive and the Excuse of their
Desistance from giving any more, ‘That they have given
already. 1768 Woman of Honor 111, 48° It is an argument
the more for your desistence. 1803 S. Pecce Anecd. Eng.
Lang., Aword commanding cessation and desistance, 1
H. Srencer Data of /.thics vi. § 33.79 Life is maintained
by persistence in acts which conduce to it, and desistance
from acts which impede it. 1884 -_ in 194 Cent. Nov. 837,
I must here close the discussion, so far as my own desistence
enables me.
+ Desi‘stency. Os. rare—'. [f. L. désistent-
em, pr. pple. of désistére: see DESIST and -ENCY.]
Cessation,
1615 Marr. & Wiving i. in Hart. Misc. (Mabh.) IIL. 255
End of the world and desistency of all things.
Desi'stive, a. rave. [f. Desist v. + -IvE.]
Ending, concluding. 1836 in Smarr.
Desition (d/si-fan). [f. L. type *aesition-em,
n. of action f. désinére, désit- to leave off, cease: see
Destnent.] Termination or cessation of being;
ceasing to be; ending.
1612 R, Suetpon Serm, St. Martin's 45 The consecra-
tions, oblations, consumptions, desitions of Christ,which they
make daily .. vpon their prophane altars.
mortality Defended 27(L.) The soul must be immortal and
unsubject to death or desition. 1867 Br. Fornes Zaf/an.
39 Art. xxviii. (1881) 550 The plain words of Scripture, in
that they freely use the word ‘ bread ' to describe the Blessed
Sacrament after consecration, go against the desition of the
signum therein. bid. 551 Such a change. .as would involve
a physical desition of what before existed. 1890 A. L. Moore
Hise. Ref. 139 note, Nor does the statement .. on the doc-
trine of the Bacrament expressly assert the desition of the
natural sub ce of the el
+ Desitive (de'sitiv), a. and sb. rare. Obs. [f.
L, destt-, ppl. stem of déstnére to cease + -1VE.]
A. adj, Logic. Of a proposition: Having refer-
ence to the end or conclusion of a —— *
sidan y ons Gas Regs asda Sa tee oon them an pos
have not yet begun to vanish; therefore the sun is not yet
B. sb. A desitive proposition.
17a Warts Logic. ii. § 6 Inceptives and desitives, which
relate to the beginning or ending of any thing ; as the Latin
tongue is not yet forgotten,
june, var. of Dissunk, Ods., breakfast.
Desk (clesk), sd. Also 5-6 deske, (5-7 desque,
6 dexe, dext), 6-8 Sc. dask, [MI. deske, app.
immed, ad. med.L. desca ‘cum descis et scamnis,
et aliis ornamentis’ (¢1250 in Du Cange). The
latter is to be referred ultimately to L. discus
(also used in med.L. in the sense ‘ table’), of which
the regular Romanic form remains in It. desco ‘a
deske, a table, a boord, a counting boord ; also
a forme, a bench, a seat, or stoole’ (Florio), Prob.
from this It. desco, the med.L. desca fem. (like
mensa, tabula) was formed.
Desk was in no way actually connected with dish, OF.
disc, ME. disch, although OE. disc, WGer. disk, was itself
an i doption of L. discus. The OFr. repr. of L.
urging a request which seemed likely to be ly re-
fused. 1866 Kincstey /erew. iii, He shouted to the com-
batants to desist.
head. 4
Rom, desce, Pr. des, was deis, Eng. Dais. Thus | here [in Connecticut] called, the desk was
a ria ] | not RS clergymen
discus,
dais, desk, dish, disk, all originate in the same word.
1753 Stewart's Trial 209 ‘The |
|
| Andley Court 43 Oh! who would cast and
| adesk of satin-wood. 1850
1. An article of furniture for a library, study,
church, school, or office, the essential feature of
which is a table, board, or the like, intended to
serve as a rest for a book, manuscript, writing-
paper, etc., while reading or writing, for which pur-
pose the surface usually presents a suitable slope.
The name is applied to articles differing greatly
in details of construction and in accessories, ac-
cording to their particular purpose, which is often
indicated by a qualification, as /ifany-, music-,
prayer-, reading-, school-, writing-desk, eté.
It may be a simple table, board, or shelf fixed at a con-
venient =— for resting a book, etc., while reading or
writing, or fitted on a small frame so as to be placed ona
table, or upon a taller frame, with legs, etc., so as itself to
stand on the floor, or it may be more or less elaborately
provided with shelves for books, and with drawers and re-
ceptacles for papers, documents, etc., such as are required
for use in a library, study, school, or office.
a. As a requisite for reading or writing on, or
studying at.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Frank/. T. 400 At Orliens in studie a book
he say Of Magyk natureel, which his felawe. . Hadde prively
vpon his desk [7.7 deske] ylaft.. c 1440 Promp. Parv.
Leterone or lectorne, deske, decfrinum, etc. at Ora
Sap. in Anglia X. 356 Lenynge hym vpon a ta og 1581
Mutcaster Positions v. (1887) 34 Incke and paper..a
deske and a dustboxe will set them both vp [i.e. a scholar
to learn to draw as well as to write). 1594 Prat Yeqwell-
ho., Diuerse Exper. 39 You must have a deske of the
cleerest and evenest aw that is to be bought .. Upon
this Deske you must fasten the patterne at the foure endes
with a little wax. 161g SrerneNs Sa/yr. £ss. (ed. 2) 333
Lawyers Clarke. . Hee doth relye upon his maisters tise,
large indentures, and a deske to write upon. Perrys
Diary (1879) 1V. 213, I observed the desk which he hath
[made] to remove, and is fastened to one of the armes of
his chayre. 1711 Streeter Sfect. No. 109 P 5 He sits with
one Hand on a Desk writing. 1773 Jonson 17 Aug. in
Boswell, Composing a Dictionary requires s and a
desk : you can make a poem walking in the fields, or lyin;
in bed. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick. ii, Nickleby cl
an account book which lay on his desk. ‘TENNYSON
nee at a
desk, Perch’d like a crow upon a three-legg'd stool, 1847
— Princ. 1. 90 To Lady Psyche's.. There sat along the
forms..A patient range of pupils; she herself Erect behind
i — Jn Mem, cxxviii, To cramp
the student at his desk. 1871 Morty Voltaire (1886) 111
He seems to have usually passed the whole day at his desk,
b. As a repository for writing materials, letters,
etc., as well as for writing on. In modern use
often a portable box or case opening so as to pre-
sent a sloping surface.
1548 Coorer Bibliotheca Eliot, Pluteus..a littell holowe
deske lyke a coffer, whereupon men do write. 1590 Suaks.
C. Err.ww.i.103 In the Deske That's couer’d o’re with Turkish
Tapistrie There is a purse of Duckets. 1626 Bacon Syfva
§ 658 Some. .for Tables, Cupboards and Desks, as Walnuts.
1692 Wasuincton tr. Milton's Def. ae Pref. (1851) 13
Your Boxes and Desks stufft with nothing but Trifles.
a 1744 Pore (J.', Lhave been obliged to leave unfinished in
my desk the heads of two essays. 1865 Trotiorr Belton
Est. xviii. 216 She got out her desk and pee herself for
her letter. fed. ‘The prisoner had forced the desk open
| and taken the money out of it.
1645 Sonts In- |
te, In early use, ap lied also to a shelf, casey
or press, on or in which books stand in a library
or study. Ods.
le 1440 Promp. Parv. 120 Deske,
nteum. 1483 Cath,
Angl.97 A Deske ; et [a book-shelf, book-case, desk).]
1 Leann Jin, ‘
«55 At the T overt 3 uare was
a Desk ledgid to set es on es on Cofers withyn
them, 1
One that for his ime is set round with deskes of bookes.
¢. in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886)
~*~ Beanesay Tiere Italy Wks. seer
Teen The ke nan contained in desks or
whose '$ stand to the wall. These Gakuen. oll to,at
an equal nae, that the highest books are within reach
without the straining.
2. In a church or chapel: In the general sense
of 1, a sloping board on which books used in the
service are laid, as the book-board in a pulpit.
Hence formerly (and still in U.S.) applied to the
seat, stall, or pulpit of the minister, or, (as still in
Scotland) to that of the clerk or precentor; in
land, to the stalls or choir-seats, and to the
ing-desk in the now obsolescent arrangement
of pulpit, reading-desk, and clerk’s desk, one above
an - w this has been abolished, and a
special stall is provided for the reading of the
ye 2 the latter is sometimes called the ‘ prayer-
Churchw, Ace. St. Georges, Stamford (Nichols 1797)
132 Making of pieyn deaques and ofa pleyne rodelofte. 1552
Berksh. Ch. Goods 32 A old clothe of Ikyn for the dexe.
1565 Harvinc in Ann, Ref. 1. App. xxx. 72 Capps
me not they the bare Bible on the dext. 1604 les. Se
(Surtees) 140 For a desk to lay the byble on. @ w.
Fenner Christ's Alarm (1650) 18 How reyerently should ye
sit in your Pewes? how ly should we stand in our
desks? 1653 G. Firmin Sober Reply 28 My friend when he
had done preaching .. went downe out of the Deske, _
A. Beprorp JZemple Mus. iv. 90 Their od in the
Desks. oe Task 1. 94 Sweet enjoys the
curate in oe Tes eee ome drawling ~ .
i ENDALL . 1, i. or, as
rm pay three, if
3 a number which, by its form and
DESK.
dimensions, it was able to accommodate. 1830 TENNYSON
Sonnet to ¥. AM. K., The humming of the drowsy pulpit-
drone. . while the worn-out clerk Brow-beats his desk below.
1846 Parker Gloss. Archit. (1875) 146s. v. Lectern, At Debt-
ling is one [a lectern] of Decorated date; it is made with
a desk for a book on four sides. 1870 F. R. Witson
ca! Lindisf. 79 The pulpit, litany desk, and stalls are
oaken.
+b. A seat or pew ina church. Cf. Dats 3b.
Obs. Sc.
1560 in Edgar Ch. Life Scot?. (1885) I. 15 Neither the
dasks, windocks nor duris be ony wise hurt. 1603 /d/d., To
big ane removabill dask for his wyff. 1678 in Old Church
Life Ballingry (1890) 11. 20 Fill up with deskes the emptie
roomes of the Church. 1701 in Scott, N. & Q. I. 12 [To
farm] the haill dasks in both churches, 1885 EpGar Ch.
Life Scott. 1. 16 Down to about the middle of the 17th cen-
tury there -were very few desks or seats in Church.
3. fig. a. Used typically for the functions or
office of the occupant of a desk, esf. in sense 2.
1581 J. Bett u's Answ. Osor. 108 b, Luther doth not
take upon him the person of a schoolemaister, nor hath
challenged to himselfe the dignitie of high deske, nor ever
taught any Schooles of new factions, 1821 Dwicut 7razv.
II. 277 He [Dr. Backus, a professor of divinity] educated
between forty and fifty for the desk. 1836 W. Anprew
* Hist, Winterton, etc., 107 At a time when the pulpit and
reading-de ere generally at variance. 1838 Brit. Critic
XXIII. 294 Their tendency is, to exalt the Pulpit too far
above the Desk ; to make the performance of man the very
life and soul of all public worship. :
b. Work at the desk in an office, etc. ; clerical
or office work.
1797 Burke Regic. Peace ut. (R.), Never can they who
from the miserable servitude of the desk have been raised
to empire, again submit to the bondage of a starving bureau.
1844 Emerson Lect., Vung. Amer. Wks. (Bohn) II. 296 He
who merely uses it [the land| as a support to his desk and
ledger... values it less.
4. transf. A meeting of those who occupy the
choir desks of a cathedral.
1691 in Macray Catal. Rawl. MSS. Dii, 26 The sub-
chanter and vicars [of Lichfield] desire to know whether he
wishes to renew the lease .. as the matter will be settled at
the next meeting, or dese as they call it.
5. attrib. and Comb., as desk-board, -closet,
-drudge, -fellow, -gong, -officer; desk-book, a
book for constant use at the desk, a handbook,
vade-mecum ; desk-cloth, a cloth to cover a read-
ing-desk or lectern; desk-knife, a pen-knife with
fixed handle, an eraser; desk-man, a minister,
clergyman, or preacher; desk-work, work at a
desk, as clerk, book-keeper, etc.
1614 SELDEN 7itles Hon. 110 Fastned with long nailes to
the *deskboards. 1892 Literary World 22 Jan. 82/3 This
*desk-book may be highly recommended. 1879 E. GARRETT
House by Works 1. 2 In the little oak *desk-closet at the
back of the shop, stood a young woman. 1880 BrowninG
Dram, Idylls Ser. 1. Clive 92 *Desk-drudge, slaving at St.
David's, one must game, or drink, or craze. 1825 LAMB
Elia Ser. u. Superannuated Man, Yo visit my old *desk-
fellows. 1833 J. Hottanp Manuf. Metal I. 9 Pen-knives
.-fastened into the hafts, in the manner of what are now
called *desk-knives. 1893 K. Graname Pagan Ess. 105 The
*Desk-men have atemporary majority. 1885 Public Opinion
9 Jan, 38/2 A scientific and what is popularly known as
a *desk officer. 1864 TrNNyson Sea Dreams 78 A dozen
years Of dust and *deskwork.
+ Desk, v. Ods. [f. DEsK 5d.]
1. trans. To fit up or furnish with desks.
a 1509 Hen. VII. W/Zin Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886)
1. 498 That the said Chapell be desked.
2. To place in or as in a desk.
1615 Albumazar 1. iii. in Hazl. Dodsley Il. 311 A leaf of
that small Iliad That in a walnut-shell was desk’d. 1646 J.
Hatt Poems 1.2 Then are you entertaind, and deskt up by
Our Ladies Psalter and the Rosary, 1670 Lassets Voy.
- Italy II. 164, 1 .. saw many curious relicks desked up in
the side of the wall.
3. Zo desk it: to work at a desk, do clerical
work. monce-use.
* 1846 J. Mackinrosu Let, in Mem. (1854) 109, I have been
busy, sometimes desking it 13 to 15 hours per diem,
Deskater, obs. form of DisscarrEr v7,
Deskeletonize : sce Dr- II. 1.
Deskever, obs. form of Discover v.
‘Deskful (de'skful). [f. Desk 5d,+-ruL.] As
much as a desk will contain.
1877 Besant & Rick Harp § Cr. ix. 67 The..letters..
There was not a word of love in a deskful of them. 1894 H.
Taytor in Amer, Ann, Deaf Apr. 117 The teacher finds
he can get along better without a deskful of switches.
Deslavee, -avé, var. forms of DELAvy a.
+ Deslay, obs. form of Detay_v. [So OF,
desleer for deleer.}
1393 Gower Conf. II. 60, For I may say..That idel man
have I be nought, For how as ever that be deslaied, Yet
evermore I have assaied. bid, 115 Every joy him is
deslaied.
Desma (desma). Zzo/. Pl. desmata, desmas,
[a. Gr. 5€opa (pl, -ara) bond, fetter, head-band, f.
5é-e to bind.] : :
1. A bandage; a ligament.
1857 in DuNGLison. 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex.
2. A kind of spicule which unites with others
to form the skeletal network in a particular group
of sponges.
er Sotras in Encycl. Brit, XXII. 418/2 (Sponges) In
the Lithistid sponges a skeleton is produced by the articula-
tion of desmas into a network,
Vou, III.
|
|
249
Desmachyme (de‘smakaim). Bzo/. [f. Desma
+Cuyme (Gr. xupds animal or vegetable juice,
xtpa(r- liquid).] A suggested name (now aban-
doned) for the connective tissue of sponges, formed
of desmacytes. Hence Desmachymatous (-ki’-
mates) a., of, pertaining to, or of the nature of
desmachyme.
1887 Sotas in Encycl. Brit. XX11. 422/1 A layer of thickly
felted desmachyme. /éid, 420/2 A desmachymatous sheath
surrounds the whole.
Desmacyte (de‘smasait). Zzo/. [f. DesmMa +
-OYTE cell.} A name suggested for one of the
fusiform cells of connective tissue in sponges. Now
called Ino-cyTeE.
1887 Sottas in Encycl. Brit. XXII. 419/2 Connective-
tissue cells or desmmacytes are present on most sponges; they
are usually long fusiform bodies consisting of a clear colour-
less. .sheath, surrounding a highly refringent axial fibre.
|| Desman (de‘sman). Zoo/. [In Fr. and Ger.
desman, from Sw. desman-riatta musk-rat, f. desman
(Da. desmer, Icel. des-) musk.] An aquatic in-
sectivorous mammal, of the genus A/yogale, nearly
allied to the shrew-mouse, but larger ; esp. AZ. mos-
chata, the musk-shrew or musk-rat, which inhabits
the rivers of Russia, chiefly the Volga and Don,
and secretes a sort of musk. Another species (J/.
pyrenaica) is found in parts of the Pyrenees.
1774 Gotpsm. Nat, Hist. (1862) I. v1. i. 454 The Desman..
has a long extended snout, like the shrew-mouse. 1861
Huime tr. Moguin-Tandon u. ut. ii. 110 The tail of the
Desman of Muscovy, or Musk Rat of Russia. .is sought for
as a perfume. It owes its odour to a substance which is
secreted by two small follicular glands placed at its base.
Desmid (de‘smid). Bot. [ad. Bot. L. Desmi>
dium (generic name), f, Gr. type *Secpidiior, dim.
of Secués band, chain.] <A plant of the genus
Desmidium, or order Desmidiacex of microscopic
unicellular alge; so called because sometimes
found united in chains.
1862 Dana Man. Geol, 271 Desmids..are microscopic
plants, consisting of one or a few cells. 1867 E. Nares
(title), Handy Book to the Collection and Preparation of
Freshwater and Marine Alga, Desmids, etc. 1871 Farrar
With. Hist. i. 34 Look through the microscope..at some
desmid gleaming like an animated opal with living irides-
cence.
Hence Desmidia‘ceous a., of the N.O. Desmi7-
diacex, containing the desmids; Desmi-dian a.,
of the desmids; 5. a desmid ; Desmidio‘logy,
the scientific study of desmids; Desmidio‘logist,
one who pursues this study.
Desmine (de'smin). JZ, Also desmin. [f.
Gr. deopuy bundle +-1NE.] A synonym of StiLBrre,
a zeolitic mineral occurring in tufts or bundles of
crystals,
1811 Pinkerton Pefrad. II. 14 A substance in silky tufts,
which he calls desmine, 1814 ALLAN A/in. Nomen, 16, 1844
Dana Min. 328.
Desmo- (de‘smo), combining form of Gr, 5ecpds
bond, fastening, chain, ligature, an element in
scientific words of Greek derivation. Desmo‘brya
pl. (Gr. Bpvoy ; see BryoLocy], name for a group
of ferns; hence Desmo‘bryoid a., belonging to
or resembling the Desmobrya. De'smodont a.
and sé, (Gr. é50vr- tooth], belonging to, or one
of, the Desmodonta, a group of bivalve mol-
lusés. Desmognathous a. [Gr. yvd8os jaw],
having the type of palatal structure shown in the
Desmognathx, a group of birds in Huxley’s classi-
fication, in which the maxillopalatine bones are
united across the median line; so Desmo‘gna-
thism, this type of palatal structure. Desmo‘gra-
phy Azat., ‘a description of the ligaments of the
body’ (Craig 1847). Desmo'logy, ‘the anatomy
of the ligaments of the body; also, a treatise on
bandages’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). Desmonoso ‘logy
(Gr. véa0s disease], ‘ the description of the diseases
of the ligaments’, Desmopatho-logy, ‘the doc-
trine of diseases of ligaments’. Desmo‘pathy,
‘disease of the ligaments’ (Dunglison 1857).
Desmope‘lmous a. [Gr. réAya sole of the foot],
Ornith. having the plantar tendons connected, as
some birds, so that the hind toe cannot be moved
independently of the front toes. Desmo‘stichous
(-kas), a. [Gr. orixos row, line], belonging to or
having the characters of the Desmosticha, a group
of echinoids or sea-urchins having the ambulacra
equal and band-like. Desmo‘tomy [Gr. -rojua
cutting], the dissection of ligaments (Dunglison
1857).
La Harris Dict. Med. Terminol., Desmology, a
treatise on the ligaments. 1875 Parker in Encycl. Brit.
III, 711/2 (Birds) The desmognathous type of skull. Zé.
712/1 It is possible to make several important divisions in
the kind and degree of desmognathism.
Desmoid (de‘smoid), a [f. Gr. deauds band,
ligament, etc. and deoun bundle + -om.] Resem-
bling a bundle. a. Path. Applied to the tissue of
certain tumours which contain numerous fibres
DESOLATE.
closely interwoven or arranged in bundles. b.
Zool, and Anat. Ligamentous ; tendinous.
1847 Soutn tr. Chedius’ Surg. 11. 712 Desmoid, sarcomatous,
steatomatous, chondroid and fibroid swellings, have been
classed together us fibrous tumours. 1876 tr. Wagner's Gen.
Pathol, 271 ‘The fibrin-like appearance of this desmoid tissue.
De'smous, @. rvare—°. [f. as prec. + -ovs.]
Ligamentous. 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex.
|| Deso‘bligeant. Ods. [ad. F. désobligeante
in same sense, fem, (sc. voeture carriage) of aés-
obligeant disobliging.] ‘A chaise so called in
France from its holding but one person.’ (/Vole to
Sterne, in ed. 1794.) Cf. sa/hy.
1768 Sterne Sent. Yourn. (1778) 1. 20 (Desodligeant) An
old Desobligeant..hit my fancy at first sight, so I instantly
got into it. 1770 J. Apams Diary 12 July Wks. 1850 II.
246 Got into my désobligeant to go home,
Desocialize, -ation: see Dr- II. 1.
|| Désceuvre (dez6-vre), a. [Fr.] Out of work,
unemployed, unoccupied; languidly idle. So
Désceuvrement, lack of occupation,
1750 Cuesterr. Lett, 11 Jan. (1774) I. clxxxi. 541 If..
some charitable people .. being deswuzv7é themselves, came
and spoke to me. Tiss GuxninG Packet IV. 258 In
. calling her a fine old quiz, 1839
“GF, in Life (1891) I. 348 Drowsy, dull, des@uczré, not
having a book in press.
1828 Eng. in France Il. 41 (Stanf.) The Baronne looked
for a friend. .for désa@uvrement, for amusement, not excite-
ment. 1849 LonGr, in L7/ (1891) II. 154, I have nothing
to write you, and write..from mere dés@uvrentent,
Lesolate (desilct), ppl. a. (sb.) Also 4 deso-
laat, 4-5 disolat, dissolate, 4-6 desolat. [ad. 1.
désolat-as left alone, forsaken, deserted, pa. pple. of
desdlare to leave alone, desert, f. DE- I. 3 + slave
to make lonely, sé/us alone, lonely. The earliest
uses were more or less participial.]
+A. as fa. pple. Brought to desolation, laid
Waste); ‘see DESOLATE v.
1382 Wycur Luke xi. 17 Euery rewme departide a3ens it
silt schal be desolat [desoladbitur], — Wisd. iv. 19 Vito
the he3est thei shul ben desolat (desolabuntur],
B. adj. 1. Left alone, without companion, soli-
tary, lonely.
1386 Cuaucer Merch. T. 77 He which hath no wif..
lyveth helples, and is al desolate. ¢ 1450 A/erdin 596 Many
a gentill lady be lefte wedowe, and many a gentill mayden
dysolat. 1548 Hatt Chron. 202 b, Leavyng the erle of
Pembroke almoste desolate in the toune. 1657 Cokaine
Obstinate Lady vy. iv, 1 should live a desolater life ‘han
e’er the strictest anchorite hath done. 1860 ‘Tynpatt Glac.
1, xi. 85 A position more desolate than his had been can
hardly be imagined. 1863 Gro. Exior Romola un. xii, No
soul is desolate as long as there is a human being for whom
it can feel trust and reverence.
+2. Destitute or deprived of, lacking. Rarely
with zzf. : Without means, quite unable 70, Ods.
¢1386 Cuaucer Jan of Law's 7.838 So yong, and of
armure so desolate. c1430 Lypc. Bochas xt. i. (1554) 144 b,
John Bochas..dissolate ‘lo determine such heauenly-hid
secrees, 1535 CovERDALE Auth i. 5 The woman remayned
desolate of both hirsonnes. 1544 PHAER Regi. Lyfe (1560)
Qiij b, The tender babes are oftentymes affected, and de-
solate of remedy. 1632 Lirncow 77av. x. 500 By dissolute
courses..leave themselves deservingly desolate, of Lands,
Meanes, and Honesty. 1720 De For Caft, Singleton viii.
(1840) 135 The place..was desolate of inhabitants.
+3. Left without a king; kingless. Ods.
1375 Barsour Bruce t. 40 The land vj 3er..Lay desolat
eftyrhysday. 1393 Gower Con/. I. 248 ‘The lordes..wolden
save The regne, which was desolate. : :
4. Destitute of inhabitants ; uninhabited, unpeo-
pled, deserted.
(This sense and 5 are often combined in actual use.)
¢1374 CHaucer Axel. § Arc. 62 So desolate stode Thebes
and so bare. c1450 Lypc. Compl, Loveres Lyfe 167 He
thus lay on the grounde in place desolate. 1555 EpEN
Decades 42 Many Ilandes very fruitefull yet lefte desolate.
1634 Sir T. Herpert 7vav. 138 He allured out of Babilon
sixe hundred thousand soules, so that the late triumphant
Citie became halfe desolate. 1735 BerKELEY Querist § 418
Roads untrodden, fields untilled, houses desolate. 1887
30wEN Virg. Aeneid w. 588 Desolate shores and abandoned
ports. pane
5. Having the characteristics of a place deserted
or uninhabited: a, in ruinous state or neglected
condition, laid waste; b. without sign of life,
bare of trees or herbage, barren; ¢. dreary, dismal,
cheerless.
1413 Pilgr. Sowle ut. i. (Caxton 1483) 49 A derker place,
the moost wretchyd and desolate that euer men come ynne.
1559 W. Cunnincuam Cosmogr. Glasse 195 Ninivie, a great
Citie, but nowe desolate. 1655 H. VauGHan Silex Sciut, 1.
Will thy secret key Open my desolate rooms. 1779
See in R, Palmer Bk. of Praise 86 This land through
which His pilgrims go Is desolate and dry. 1838 Dickens
Nich. Nick. ii, No man thinks of walking in this desolate
place. 1847 James Convict ii, There was a cheerless, deso-
late sound about it. : .
+d. Of the head: Bare of hair, bald. Ods.
¢xg00 Lancelot 366 It semyth that of al his hed ye hore
Of fallith and maid desolat. ;
6. Destitute of joy or comfort, like one bereft of
friends or relatives; forlorn, disconsolate; over-
whelmed with grief and misery, wretched.
14.. Why I can’t be a Nun 96 in E. E. P. (1862) 140 For
now I am alle desolate, And of gode cownesayle destitute
¢ 1477 Caxton Yason 45b, Gyue confort to a desolate hert,
1598 Yonc Diana 73 Yet did Arsenius ..leade the most
sorrowfull and desolate life. 1653 H. CoGan uA Pinto’s
; 382
DESOLATE.
Trav. xii. 36 Having heard what this desolate Queen said
aly unto him. 1738 Westey Ps. & Hymns cxxxvii. 5
England's desolate Church. Mrs. Stowe Uncle
Tom's C. ix. 67, 1 must feed the hungry, clothe the naked,
and comfort the desolate. 1857 H. Reep Lect, Eng. Poets
II. xiii. 129 That desolate craving after the departed.
+'7. Destitute of good quality, evil, abandoned.
(Sometimes app. confounded with dissolute.) Obs.
onnt Cuaucer Pard. T. 270 A comun hasardour. .ever
the heyer he is of astaat The more is he holden desolaat.
5 ‘omson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 82/2 Nor glutton, nor
tl ee, nor man of wicked and desolate life. ae 7 VauGHAN
Fashionable Follies 1. 153 Unhappy men of desolate and
abandoned principles. : :
8. Comb., as desolate-looking adj.
1833 L. Ritcure Wand. Loire 78 The lonely and desolate-
looking wanderer, 1872 Jenkinson Guide Eng. Lakes (1879)
154 The barren and desidate-lonkng valley..in front.
B. adsol. or sb. A desolate place or person.
ax4o0-5s0 Alexander 4354 Duells here in disolatis, in
dennes & in cauys. 1610 G. Fiercner Christ's Vict. (R.),
A r desolate, That now had measured many a weary
ree 1795 SoutHEy Yoan of Arc vi. 433 Travelling the
trackless desolate. .
Desolate (de'sJleit), v. - [f. prec., after L. désa-
lare, F. désoler in same sense.
Wyclif has only the pa. pple. desolat (see prec.), and
desolatid, immediately f. L. désd/at-us; by the help of these
a passive voice was formed; the active to desolate (though
implied in the pa. pple. deso/ated) does not occur till much
later; even in Palsgrave 1530, it is only a dictionary
equivalent of F. désoler, without example.)
1. trans. To deprive of inhabitants, depopulate.
(This sense and 2 are often combined in use.)
1382 Wycur Ezek. xii. 19 That the loond be desolatid
([desoletur] fro his multitude. 1530 Patscr. 514/1, I deso-
late .. I make a countrey unhabyted, ¥e desole. 1601 R.
cone Kingd, & Commu. (1603) 114 [Tarentum] is now
y their civill dissentions almost desolated. 1791 Cowrrr
Jliad v. 582 And desolate at once your populous Troy. 1875
Lyett Princ. Geol. 11. 11. xxix. 140 As if the city had been
desolated by the plague.
2. To devastate, lay waste ; to make bare, barren,
or unfit for habitation.
1388 Wycuir Jatt. xii. 25 Eche kingdom departid a3ens
it silf, schal be desolatid [desoladitur). 1585 T. Wasu-
IncTON tr. Nicholay’s Voy, ui. ii. 71 b, His countrie being
desolated. 1606 G. W[oopcocke] tr. //ist. Justine toga,
All his fortunes being desolated and as it were melted from
him. 1719 De For Crusoe u. v. (1840) 106 Would quite
desolate the island, and starve them, 1 H. Hunter tr.
St. Pierre's Stud, Nat. (1799) U1. 441 ‘The revolutions of
Nature which had desolated France. 1868 J. H. Brunt
Ref. Ch. E-ng. 1. 299 To desolate the houses. .of the monks
and nuns by such plunder.
absol. 1795 Soutney Yoan of Arci. 177 Thy bitter foes
Rush o’er the land, and desolate, and kill
3. To leave alone, forsake, abandon; to make
desolate, deprive of companions or friends.
1530 Pasar. 514/1, I desolate, I forsake one and leave hym
comfortlesse.. Fe desole. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn, u. xxiii.
§ 17 (1873) 231 He did desolate him, and won from him his
dependances [7.¢. adherents]. 31809 [see DesotaTED A/. a.].
+4. To turn out of, so as to leave without habita-
tion. Obs.
1593 Nasue Christ's 7. (1613) 41 A Tabernacle. .which he
shall not be vndermined and desolated out of.
5. To make joyless and comfortless; to over-
whelm with grief; to render wretched.
1530 [see 3). 1535 Coverpate Dan, ix. 18 Beholde how
w desolated. 1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto's Trav. Ixxii.
292 Altogether desolated as he was in this last affliction.
1 Spectator 3 Sept. 1176 Buoyed up by constantly re-
newed hope or desolated by continuous despair.
Desolated (de‘sdle'téd), pf/. a. [f. prec. + -ED.]
Made or left desolate ; see prec. :
1580 Sipney Ps, xx. xii, Save .. My desolated life from
dogged might. a1z700 Daypen Ovid's Metamt. 1, (R.), Tell
how we may..people desolated earth. 1793 J. WiLLIaMs
Mem. W, Hastings 41, 1 am a stranger to the private man-
ners of this desolated gentleman, 1806 J. Fores Lett.
France I. 64 The entangled walks of the desolated gar-
dens. 1809 Camppett Gertr. W’yom. 1. xvii, In vain the
desolated panther flies. 1818 Byron Ch. Har. iv. xxi,
Bare and desolated bosoms.
Desolately (des/l4li), adv. [f. DesotatTE a.
+ -LY*.] In a desolate manner; solitarily, by
oneself (obs.); drearily, dismally, cheerlessly.
1548 Hatt Chron, 218b, That kyng Henry her husband,
was desolately left post a lone. a 1699 Bares Wks. IV.
Serm, iv. (R.), Nehemiah. .all the pl es of the Persian
court could not satisfy, whilst Jerusalem was desolatel
miserable. 1831 Q. Nev. Jan. in Byron's IVks. (1846) pos
note, There is .. nothing more mournfully and desolately
beautiful. a@x85x Moir Poems, Des. Churchyard vii, ‘The
wind amid the hemlock-stalks Would d Ob y sing.
Ss
+b. Abandonedly, magi
1608 J. Kine Serm, 5 Nov. 17 The most abominably,
desolately, deperditely wicked of all others.
De'solateness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.] The
state or quality of being desolate; desertedness,
dismal barrenness ; cheerlessness, dreary misery.
@ 1626 Bacon Wks, VI. 38 (L.) In so t discomfort it
hath pleased God some ways to regard my desolateness.
ey kre in Spurgeon 7reas. Dav, Ps. cxliii. 5 A comfort
to the desolateness of my heart. 1668 H. More Div. Dial.
I. xv. (71) 135 The forlornness and desolateness of that
forsaken Habitacle, the Body of a natural Fool. 1818
Snetrey Rev. /slam v. xxviii, The swift fall Of one so great
and terrible of To desolateness. 1863 Geo. Exior
Romola i. xxx, He so weary a sense of his desolate-
ness. 1877 H. A. Pace De Quincey II. xix. 249 To face
the desolateness of Wales,
250
Desolater: see DEsoLaTor.
Desolating (de'sJle'tin), vd/. sd. [f. DESOLATE
2. + -ING 1] e action of the verb DrsoiaTe.
1591 Percivain Sf. Dict., Ermadi ing, desolating
172a De For Plague (Rtldg, 1884) 29 A mere desolating of
some of the Streets.
- De‘solating, #//. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG2.]
That desolates (in various senses ; see the verb).
1625 R. Skynner in Ussher’s Lett. (1686) 361 The deso-
lating Abomination. 1 Martuias Purs. Lit. (1798) 429
Desolating tyranny. 1813 Byron Br. Adydos u. xvii,
Whose desolating tale Would make thy waning cheek
DESPAIR.
sense was far superior to him {Hobbes
1834 Tait's Mag. 1. 488 The mass of the French naticn
.. achieved desophistication of manners.
Desordeine, -ordeynee, var. DisoRDEINE a.
Desoxalic (despkse'lik), a. Chem. [ad. F.
désoxalique : see Des- and Oxaic.] Formed by
the deoxidation of oxalic acid. soxalic acid,
a synonym of racemo-carbonic acid, C, H,O,.
Hence Deso‘xalate, a salt of this acid, a racemo-
carbonate.
more pale. 1853 Trencn Proverbs 124 The d 1g
curse of Mohammedan domination.
Desolation (desoléi‘fon). [a. F. désolation
(12th c. in Hatzf.), or ad. L. désd/ation-em, n. of
action from désdlare to DESOLATE.]
desolating ; the condition of being left desolate.
1. The action of laying waste a land, etc., de-
stroying its people, crops, and buildings, and
making it unfit for habitation ; utter devastation ;
an act or occasion of this kind. Also personified.
1382 Wycuir 2 Chron. xxxvi. 21 Alle the days of desola-
cioun he dide saboth. c¢xq00 Afol. Loll, 58 What more
abhominacoun of desolacoun in holi place pan pat a swyn
do vpon holy vestiment. x Tinpate Mark xiii. 13
When ye se the abominacion that betokeneth desolacion
(Wycuir of discomfort]. 1599 Suaxs. //en. V, 111. iii. 18 All
fell feats, Enlynckt to wast and desolation. 1722 WoLLASTON
Relig. Nat. ix.201 Wars and all those barbarous desolations |
which we read of. 1774 Pennant Tour Scotl. in 1772, 58
The general desolation of the place by the Danes. 181
3yroN Lara u. x, And Desolation reap'd the famish’
land. 182x —- 7wo Foscari 1. i, | have follow'd long Thy
path of desolation.
Jig. 1893 Chicago Advance 30 Nov., The financial panic
.. the desolations of which are by no means yet overpast.
2. The condition of a place which by hostile
ravaging or by natural character is unfit for habita-
tion ; waste or ruined state ; dreary barrenness.
©1430 Lypc. Min. Poems (1840) 144 (M&tz.) In a dirk
prisoun of desolacioun. 1 Caxton Eneydos i. 14 Now
was that pyetous cyte alle brent and putte in desolacyon
suffretous. 1632 Lirucow 7rav. vit. 318 Least he impede
.. the course of Nylus .. and so bring Egypt to desolation.
1667 Mitton ?. L. 1.181 Yon drear ain, forlorn and
wilde, The seat of desolation. 1791 Mrs. Rapvciirre Rom.
Forest i, Such elegance .. contrasted with the desolation of
the house. 1856 Stantey Sinai § Pal. i. 16 The general
character .. of the mountains of Sinai, is entire desolation.
If the mountains are naked Alps, the valleys are dry rivers.
b. A thing or place in this condition ; a desolate
place; a dreary waste or ruin.
1611 Biste Yer. xxii. 5 This house shall become a desola-
tion. 1856 Emerson Exg. Tratts, A ristocracy Wks. (Bohn)
II. 76 Many of the halls .. are beautiful desolations,
3. Deprivation of companionship; the condition
or sense of being forsaken ; solitariness, loneliness.
1588 Suaxs. L. ZL. L. v. ii. 357 You haue liu’d in desola-
tion heere, Vnseene, vnuisited. 1628 Witner Brit. Rememd,
VIL. 1046 Loathsome desolation, In stead of company. 1818
Snetrey Rev. /s/amt x. xliii, As near one lover's tomb Two
gentle sisters mourn their desolation. 1871 R. Extis Ca-
tudlus \xiv. 57 Sand-engirded, alone, then first she knew
desolation. 3
4. Deprivation of comfort or joy; dreary sorrow ;
grief.
1382 Wycur Ezek. xii. 19 Thei schulen drynke her watir
in desolacioun. ¢ 147
alle the desolation of Oliferne. 1600 Suaxs. A. Y. L.
ut. ii. 400 Euerie thing about you, demonstrating a care-
lesse desolation. 1752 Warsurton Left, (1809) 118 Poor
Foster. .is overwhelmed with desolation for the loss of his
master. 17§9 Rosertson //ist, Scot/. 1. v1. 480 Desolation
and astonishment ap
Church. 1871 Morey Voltaire (1886) 274 The hopeless
inner desolation which is the unbroken lot of myriads,
5. That which makes desolate. rare.
1608 Vorksh, Trag. 1. ix, Ruinous man! ‘The desolation
of his house.
+ Desolative, ¢. Obs. rare. [f. L. désdlit-,
ppl. stem: see -1vE.] Having the quality or ten-
dency of desolating. ‘
1593 Nasue Christ's 7. (1613) 54 The full blast of this
desolatiue-trumpet of Ie: em,
Desolator, -er (de's/leitaz). [a. L. désdlator,
agent-n. from désd/dre to DESOLATE: see -ER!,
Cf. F. désolateur (1516 in Hatzf.).] One who or
that which makes desolate.
@ 1638 Meve On Daniel 44 (T.) A desolater, or maker of
desolations. 1786 Hist. Eurofe in Ann. Reg. 129/2 The
—— of mankind, the desolators of provinces. 4
yron Ode to Napoleon v, The Desol ! e
Victor overthrown ! 1894 Epa Lyaut 70 Right the Wrong
I. 43 War is the desolater.
+ De‘solatory, 2. Obs. rare. [ad. L. désdli-
tori-us that makes lonely or desolate, f. désdlator :
see -ORY.] Characterized by causing desolation ;
= DESOLATIVE.
1606 Br. ANDREWES Sern. 5 aap Ie Serm. Ge 894
bominable and desolatorie a plott. et ALL
im)
This so
Rem. ese tory judgments area jprove-
ment of Marwan a 168 rewel Unrev, (R.) This deso-
latory abomination.
Desolute, Desolve: see Diss-.
De:sophi'sticate, v. [f. Dr- IL. 1.] trans. To
free from sophistication, clear from sophism. Hence
Desophi'sticating ///. a., Desophistica'tion.
1827 Hare Guesses af 143 Selden .. in sound, sterling,
Caxton ¥ason 22b, I am cause of |
in every part of the Scottish |
The action of
[f. as prec. + Oxy- combining
form of oxygen.] Without oxygen, deoxidated ;
as in Desoxy-a‘nisoin, Desoxy-be’nzoin, Des-
oxy-gluta‘ric acid, etc.
1882 A thenxum 16 Dec. 818/2 The desoxybenzoin of phe-
nanthrene.
+D ‘tion. Ods. [Fr.: see Des-.]
= DEOXIDATION.
1799 Med. Frui.1. 200 Pelletier .. passed over the desoxy-
dation of that metal by tin.
Tg (déspée-1), sb. Forms: see the verb,
[ME. des-, dis-peir, -pair, a. OF . *despeir, despoir,*
vbl. sb. from desperer (tonic stem despei7® despoir-).
Cf. also F. désesforr (12th c.) whence DEsesPErR.]
1. The action or condition of despairing or losing
hope; a state of mind in which there is entire want
of hope ; hopelessness.
¢ 1325 Metr. Hom. 170 No man in i ad thar [=need]
be..If they wyll call on oure Lauedy. ¢ 1385 Cuaucer
L.G. W, 2557 Phyllis, She for dispeyr [v. rv. dis-, dyspayre]
fordede hyre self, allas! ¢ 1386— Pars. 7. P 619 Now comep
wanhope pat is despair [7 77. dis-, despeir e, dispeyr} odor
mercy of god. ¢ ng begetnp Sonnes of Aymon xvi, 370 He
sayth it like a man that isin dyspeyre. 1503-4 Act 19 Hen.
VII, c. 28 Pream., The seid sueters .. were .. in dispayre of
expedicion of ther suetes. 1585 T. Wasnincton tr. Nicho-
Jay's Voy.1. xix. 23 Seeing theyre matters too be in despaire
g succour, and not able to holde out any longer. 1667
Mitton P. Z. 1. 191 What reinforcement we may gain from
Hope, If not what resolution from despare. KE Hum,
Und. 1. xx. (1695) 122 Despair is the thought of the unat-
tainableness of any Good. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 256
‘This .. drove me ot Mls to Despair, and I lost all Hopes of
ever procuring my Liberty. 1769 Junius Lett. xii. 48, I give
up the cause in despair. 1843 Prescorr Mexico vi. viii.
(1864) 400 Some .. gathering strength from despair, main-
tained ..a desperate fight. 1847 Tennyson Princ. 1. 444
It becomes no man to nurse despair, 1 Bowen Virg.
Eneid 11. 298 Wails of despair broke over the town.
b. Rarely in J pee »
1560 A, L. tr. Calvin's Foure Serm. ii, Our spirit is wrapped
in many dispaires. 1613 Suaxs. Hen. V///, u.ii. 29 Feares,
and despaires, and all these for his Marriage. i, Futter
Ch, Hist. 1x. vi. § 40 Their hopes were .. tu into de-
Spairs,
ec. ‘sonified.
fp sages Mag. 66 (R.), I am (quoth m5 friend
Despaire. 1667 Mitton P. L. xt. 489 ended the
sick busiest from Couch to Couch. 178 reR Hope 58
Hollow-eyed Abstinence, and lean r. 1821 SHELLEY
Prometh. Und. 1, 576 Vill Despair smot! The struggling
world, which slaves and — win, r
2. ¢ransf. That which causes despair, or about
which there is no hope.
1605 Suaks. Macé. ww. iii. 152 Strangely-visited people, All
swolne and Vicerous .. The meere despaire of Surgery, he
cures, 182r Suetiey //ed/as Pref., Those faultless produc-
tions, whose very fra are the desp modern
1876 E. Mettor Priesth, viii. 390 If the adult popu-
ir of the priests, the children are their
art,
lation are the d
hope.
#3. Used by Wyclif app. for: False or mistaken
hope. (Cf, Desparr “45
¢ 1380 Wyctuir Serm. Sel. s. I. 42 Eche man shal hope
for to come to blisse; and if he } eel mae Hee.
hope fals, himsilf is cause whi his e is . Ffor
fals_ hope, _ sum men do dispeir, shulde have
anobir jualite,
+4. Without any dispayre: a metrical tag, mean-
ing apparently ‘ without doubt, without fail, cer-
tainly, iwis’: perhaps an alteration of ‘ without
diswere, disware’, of earlier use.
foot Harvinc Chron. cxxx. i, Whiche H. was erle
notified Of Huntyngdon without any dispayre. did, cxxxiv.
iv, Isabell the fayre His doughter was without any ~—*
Despair ( éspée1), v. Forms: 4-6 des-, dis-,
dys-, -peir(e, -peyr(e, -payr(e, dispar(e, -paire,
5 disspare, -paire, dyspere, despeyer, 7 des-
pere, -pare, -paire, -payr, 5-8 dispair, dys-
payer, 4- despair. [ME. des-, dis-petren, -payren,
a. OF. desfeir-, stressed stem-form of desperer :—
L. Sec to despair, f. Dr-1.6 + spérare to hope.
(Disp io F .tpaieeaerr a hoe eer
of espérer to hope: so Pr. and Sp. ouace))
1. intr. To lose or give up hope; to be without
hope. Const. of (with indirect passive fo de de-
pore 7) ; rarely + zn (ods.), to with inf.
r AMPOLE Psaiter cxviii. 156 Of synful men peryss
ne thare | =need] dispayre. 38a Wvctir 2 Cor. ii. 7 Lest
perauenture he that is such maner man ..dispeire. _¢ 1400
A fol. Loll. 90 pat he despering in be mercy of God, trust
in be is of men. 1530 PALsoRr. 514/1, I despayre, I am
in wan hope, je despere, Latimer Serm. in Lincoln
v.10} Phincions had dispelred of that woman, it passed
aber oe gy eo
fe oO
peg me toe in True & Perfect Relat. Hh ivb, He
DESPAIRABLE.
dispayred in Gods protection. 165: Hosses Leviath. m1.
xl, 255 Despairing of the justice of the sons of Samuel, they
would have a King. 1680 Burner Rochester 13 He almost
dispaired to recover it. 1 STEELE Jatler No. 159 P 6
As long as you hope, I will not despair. 17x8 Lavy M. W.
Monracu Lett. (1887) I. 241 His life was despaired of.
1770 LANGHoRNE Plutarch (1879) I. 117/1 Tarquin, despair-
ing to reascend the throne by stratagem, applied [etc.].
1838 THiRtwatt Greece 1V. 81 He did not despair of being
able to find excuses. 1856 Emerson Lug. Traits, Times
Wks. (Bohn) II. 117 When Cobden had begun to despair,
it announced his triumph.
+b. refl. in same sense. Ods.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Merch. T. 425 Dispaire yow nought.
Pars. T. ? 624 He that despeireth hym, is lyke the coward
campioun recreant. 1483 Caxton Cato F vj b, Thou ought-
est not to dyspeyre the. 1491 — Vitas Patr. (W. de W.
1495) Il. 242 A He wolde dyspere hymselfe. xg02 Ord.
Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1. x. 116 Suche lecherous
people dyspeyre them whan y’ houre cometh of theyr de-
partynge. : 4
te. Zo be despaired, in same sense: see DE-
SPAIRED ff/. a. 1. Ods.
+2. trans. To deprive of hope, cast into despair.
Obs. rare.
1393 Lanev. P, Pl. C. x. 38 That no deuel shal 30w dere
ne despeir in 3oure deyinge. a 1595 Sik R. Wittiams Actions
Low C. 30 (1'.) Having no hope to despair the governour
to deliver it [the fort] into their enemies’ hands. a 1618
Raveicu Dialogue, To despaire all his faithfull subjects.
+3. trans. To cease to hope for, to be without
hope of ; =despair of in 1. Obs. or arch.
©1485 Dighy Myst. (1882) v. 467 Thei that despeyer mercy
haue grett conpunccion. 1597 J. Kinc Ox Vikas (1618)
597 Rotten members, whose cure is despaired. 1605 SHAKs.
Macb, v. viii. 13, Macbeth. 1 beare a charmed Life. . M/ac-
duff. Dispaire thy Charme. 1667 Mitton 2. L, 1. 660 Peace
is despaird, For who can think Submission? 1706 Warts
Hore Lyr. i. 269 How are his curtains drawn For a long
evening that despairs the dawn! 1732 Lp. LAnspowne Zss,
Unnat, see (1.), Love, despairing in her heart a place,
Would needs take up his lodging in her face. 1773 //ist.
Ld. Ainsworth 1. 31, I had almost begun to despair ever
meeting her again. :
"14. Used by Wyclif app. in sense: To hope
amiss, to indulge false or mistaken hope. (Cf. prec.
sb. 3.)
¢1380 Wycur MWées. (1880) 339 He .. is folily disceyued in
hise bileue and in hope, and ae he dispeyrep.
+ Despai‘rable, z. Ols. [ad. L. désperabilis
to be despaired of, desperate, OF. desferadle ;
assimilated to Despair v.] To be despaired of;
desperate.
ve Wycur Yer. xv. 18 Whi mad is my sorewe perpetuel,
and my wounde despeirable [1388 dispeirid] forsoc to be
cured? 16x1 Corcr., Desesperable, despaireable, vnhope-
full, 1633 ‘I’. James Vay. 10 Pieces of Ice.. put vs into
despayrable distresse.
Despaired (déspé-1d), A/a. [f. Despair v.,
corresp. in use to OF. desperd, desesperé, L. déspé-
ratus: see DESPERATE. ]
+1. In despair, despairing, desperate. Zo de
despatred, to be desperate or in despair, to be with-
out hope, to despair. (Frequent 14-16th c.). Ods.
c1325 £. £. Aluit. P. C. 169 nne bi-speke pe spakest
dispayred wel nere. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Frankl, T. 215 He
was despeyred, no thyng dorste heseye. 1483 Caxton Gold.
Leg. 92/1 The gloryouse vyrgyne Marye whyche is con-
foorte to dysconforted and hope to dispayred. /did. 425 b/2
‘To thende that for their synnes..they shold not be de-
speyred. 1494 Fasyan Chron. 1. xvi. 16 She beynge dy-
spayred of the recouery of her astate. 1525 Lp. Berners
Froiss. V1. cxliii. [cxxxix.] 397 They shulde haue been so
sore dyspayred and dyscoraged. a@1572 Knox Hist. Ref.
Wks. 1846 I. 19 He dyed ..in a phrenesye, and as one
dispared. 1588 A. Kine tr. Canisius’ Catech. 27 O in hou
many things haw I offended .. but 3it I am nocht despered.
+2. Of conditions, circumstances, etc. : Charac-
terized by absence of hope ; hopeless, desperate.
1382 Wycuir AZicah i. 9 For plage, or wounde, therof is
dispeirid. 1393 Gower Cox/. III. 376 All though the weder
be despeired. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 104b/1 He toke it
as all dyspayred and wold haue slayn hym self. x1g61 ‘T’.
Norton Calvin's /nst. 1. 9 Men in despaired states are re-
stored to good hope. 1581 J. Bert Haddon's Answ.
oe ae elieving the dispeired cause of his distressed
urch.
+b. Of persons: Desperate, reckless. Obs. rare.
1571 Satir. Poems Reform. xxv, 29 These despaired [v. 7.
dispard] birdis of Belial.
+3. Despaired of; no longer hoped for; cf. Dr-
SPAIR . 3. Obs.
1597 J. Kinc On Fonas (1618) 284 Two singular and
almost despaired deliuerances. 1647 Crasuaw Sosf, d’Hero
liv, Of th’ Hebrew’s royal stem, That old dry stock—a de-
spair’d branch is sprung. 1654 R. Coprincron tr. /z'stine 29
Soanctinncs, wre certain is a dispaired then a presume
ictory.
4. Despatred of: see DESPAIR v. 1.
1635 A. Starrorp Fem, Glory par. 129 The fruit whereof
she reaped in her dispair'd of Fertility. 1884 J. H. Srir-
ae in Mind Oct. 531 Heretofore despaired-of philo-
sophy.
Despairer (déspéraz). [f. Despair v.+-ER!.]
One who despairs or is without hope. :
1620 J. Pyrer tr. ist. Astrea 1. 1. 28 These great de-
spairers, 1666 DrypEN Ann. Airad. ccxlii, He cheers the
fearful... And makes despairers hope for good success.
¢ 1807 H.C. Rosinson Let. 7 June in Diary, etc. (1869) I.
xi. 236 A man of talent, but a political despairer, an ex-
jacobin. 1867 M. Arnon Poems, Thyrsis vii, Too quick
irer, wherefore wilt thou go?
251
Despairful (déspé-rfil), a. [f. Despair sé.
+-FUL.] Full of despair; hopeless, desperate.
Marked by Johnson as ‘Obsolete’; revived in 19th c.
1s80 SIDNEY Arcadia (1622) 72 That sweet, but sowre
despairefull care. 1614 Raveicu Hist. World u. 285 ‘That
despairefull worke, of joining it [Tyre] to the Continent.
1631 Celestina vi. 67 Peace, thou despairefull fellow, lest
Calisto kill thee. 1817 J. F. Pennie Royal Minstrel ut.
343 Thus to raise Expectancy in my despairful breast. 1891
Eng. Illust. Mag. \X. 177 His short, passionate, almost
despairful cry.
Hence Despairfully ad/v., Despairfulness.
1604 Banincton Com/f. Notes /-xod. xvi. Wks. (1622) 258
To haue men depend vpon his prouidence..and not
wretchedly and despairetully to mucker vp what shall
neuer doe them good. 1885 W.C. Russet Strange Voy.
I. iii. 32 Thinking despairfully of the lonely hours. 1888
Veitcu in J.C. Knight Principal Shairp & Friends 203
His despairfulness regarding human reason in the theo-
logical sphere.
Despairing (déspérin), v7. 5d. [f. DESPAIR
v.+-ING !,] The action of the verb; = DEspPatr sd.
1375 Barsour Bruce ut. 194 Throw mekill disconforting
Men fallis off in-to disparyng. 1633 P. FLetcuer Pisce. Lcd.
ur. xv. 17 My wants..me in despairing drown. 1749 Br.
Lavincton Exthus. Meth, §& Papists (1820) 23 Derelictions,
terrors, despairings.
Despairing, #//.a. [f. as prec. + -ING2.]
That despairs, or ceases to hope; hopeless,
desperate. (Of persons, or of actions, condi-
tions, etc.)
1591 Suaks. 77vo Gent. ut.i. 247 Hope is a louers staffe,
walke hence with that, And manage it against despairing
thoughts. 1697 Dryven Virg. Past. vin. 1 ‘The mournful
Muse of two despairing Swains. 1718 /'yeethinker No. 88.
229 This Despairing Lover stood on the Bank. 1818 Snet-
Ley Rev. /slam_u. xiii, 1 will pour For the despairing. .
reason’s mighty lore. 1884 J. M. Granvitie in 7%es 17
Apr., ‘The physician .. gives a despairing opinion.
Despairingly, av. [f. prec. +-Ly?.]
1, In a despairing manner ; hopelessly.
@ 1633 Austin A/edit. (1635) 167 Rather propheticatly than
despairingly he [St. ‘Vhomas] desired to see them [Christ's
wounds]. 1810 SoutHey Aehama xvi. xvi, Yielding, with
an inward groan, to fate, Despairingly. 1881 Miss Brapvon
Asph. WU. 5 ‘How can I convince you?’..she asked
despairingly.
+2. Hopelessly, desperately. Ods. rare.
1838 New Monthly Mag. LUII. 414 The shopman was
discovered. .despairingly drunk.
Despai‘ringness. [f. as prec. + NESS.] De-
spairing condition ; hopelessness.
1727 Batey vol. II, Despairingness, a being without
Hope. a@ 1729 S. Crarke is cited by Ocitvie.
Desparity, obs. form of Dispariry.
Desparple, var. DIsPARPLE v. Ods., to scatter.
Despatch, variant spelling of DisparcH: so
Despatchful, etc.
+Despe‘che, v. Os. Also 6 dyspesche.
[A variant of depeche, depeach, after 16th c. F.
despecher, in OF. despeechter: see DEPEACH.]
trans. To send away, get rid of, dispatch.
1531 Eryot Gov. 1. ii, he capitaynes..despeched the
multitude from them, /ééd. 11. x, Despechynge of sondry
great affayres, /did. 11. xxvii, Sufficient to despeche
matters of weyghtye importaunce. 1542 Upati Avasvv.
Afoph. 218b, ‘To have thesame Mithridates by the backe,
and to despeche hym out of the waye. 1550 Nico.is
Thucyd. 223 (R.), They dyspesched a brigantyne [Fr.
despescherent ung brigantin] by the which they aduertysed
the Athenyans of that same victorie.
De:speci-ficate, v. vare. [f. Dx-II.1.] trans.
To deprive of its specific character. Hence De-
specification.
1872 J. Grore in ¥rnd. Philol. 1V. 63 Despecification (i. e.
the word’s becoming less specific and significant) which we
might express by various metaphors, as degradation, detri-
tion..is simply the want of point, sharpness, and definite
significance which results from common. .use of the word.
1873 F. Hatt Mod. Engl. 305 /naptitude and ineptitude
have been usefully despecificated ; and only the latter now
imports ‘folly’, 1874 —in NV. Amer. Rev. CX1X. 327 With
exceedingly: few exceptions, our so-called synonyms .. are
distinctly despecificated.
+ Despect (dispe‘kt), sd. Obs. Also 7 dis-. [ad.
L. déspectus a looking down upon, f. ppl. stem of
déspicére: seenext. Cf. OF. despecte contempt :—L.
type *déspecta; also Rouchi dialect despect con-
tempt, want of respect.] :
1. A looking down upon; contempt.
1624 F. Wuite Repl. Fisher 383 The high conceit you
haue of your Roman Seruice, and the partiall respect, or
rather despect, you carrie against ours. 1682 ScaRLETT
sy 126 Its no dispect or discredit to any to suffer
a Bill to be protested for Nop-acceptance. 21834 CoLrrIDGE
Lit. Rem, 1. 357 A jeweller may devote his whole time to
jewels unblamed ; but the mere amateur, who grounds his
task on no chemical or geological idea, cannot claim the
same exemption from despect. :
2. nonce-use. Downward view.
1663 Baxter Divine Life 362 A larger prospect and verti-
ginous despect of the lower grounds.
+ Despect (déspekt), a. Ods. [ad. L. déspect-
us, pa. pple. of déspicére to look down upon, f.
De- I. 1 +*specéve to look.] Looked down upon ;
despised.
¢ 1450 tr. De Jmitatione 1. vi, Vile & despecte to hymself.
1447 Boxennam Seyntys (Roxb.) 280 Pe more despect thyng
were..And pe more contemtyble.
DESPERATE.
Despe'‘ctant, 7//.a. Her. [ad. L. déspectant-
em, pr. pple. of déspectdre to look down upon,
freq. of despicére: see prec.] (See quot.)
1688 R. Hotme Armoury 11. 144/1 A Beast Despectant,
Dejectant, looking downwards.
+ Despe‘ction. Os. Also -eecyon, -exion.
[ad. L. despectiin-em, n. of action from déspiccre
to look down upon, Despise. Cf. OF. desfection
14th c.]_ A looking down upon ; despising.
1482 Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 62 Who euer wolde haue
wende that the worschyppe and fauour. .sculde be turned to
seche confusyon and despexion. 1§26 Pilger. Perf. (W. de
W. 1531) 22b, Suffrynge many wronges and despeccyons.
1654 W. Mountacue Devout Ess. u. ix. $1 i(R.) Christian
humilitie is a clear inspection into, and a full despection of
ourselves. 1656 Biount Glossogr., Desfexion, a looking
downwards. :
+ Despe'ctuous, ¢. Obs. rare. [a. OF. de-
spectueux, f. L. déspectu-s (a-stem), looking down
upon, despising : see -ous.] To be despised ; con-
temptible.
154r Barnes IVks, (1573) 243/1 Hee may recken that S.
Peter and S. Paule were starke fooles & ryght mad men
that liued so despectuous a lyfe.
llence + Despe‘ctuousness. Ods.
1447 Bokennam Seyntys (Roxb.) 297 If ony lyf of more
despecteuousnesse She coude han fondyn..She hyt wold
han chosyn.
+ Despeed, v. Obs. [f. De- I. 2+Sprep v.
Perh. influenced in formation by exfede, or despeche.]
trans. To send with speed or haste; to dispatch.
1611 Speen //ist. Gt. Brit. 1x. viii. (1632) 548 He forthwith
despeeded into England..three of the choisest men of the
State. /d7d. 1x. vill. § 31 (R.) Out of hand they despeeded
certaine of their crue, to craue..pardon. /éid. § 51 King
John..despeeding his charters and safe conducts to the
Archbishop and his fellow exiles, hee as speedily arriued.
Despence, -pend, -pense: see Disp-.
Despeple, obs. form of DISPEOPLE v.
+ De‘speracy. Ods. [f. Desperate: see -acy.]
Desperateness, desperation.
1628 GauLe Pract. 7h. (1629) 11 Downe to the nether-
most depth beyond recouerie: Let vs there take our portion
of desperacie. 1798 //ist. in Ann. Reg. 155 Such deeds
of desperacy and revenge. 1800 W. E. J. Od¢ 231 Deeds of
desperacy and cruelty.
Desperado (despérétdo’. Also 7 (erron.)
desparado. [In form, identical with OSp. desperado
out of hope, desperate (:—L. désfératus), pa. pple. of
desperar to despair :—L. désperdre. (In mod.Sp.
desesperado from desesperar.) The word does not
appear to have been used substantively in Spanish,
and in English use it is perhaps merely a sonorous
refashioning, after Sp. words in -abo, of DESPERATE
sb., used in same sense.]
+1. A person in despair, or in a desperate con-
dition ;= DESPERATE sd. 1. Obs.
1610 G. Fletcuer Christ's Vict,1. \xix, The holy Desperado
wip’t her swollen eyes. 1686 Goap Celest. Bodies ui. iv.
507 Grief, Lunacy, and the Melancholly desperado are
carryed forth on the same Weekly Sheet to be buryed. 1720
De For Duncan Campbell viii. (1841) 164 Poor and miser-
able desperado,
2. A desperate or reckless man; one ready for
any deed of lawlessness or violence; = DESPE-
RATE 50, 2.
1647 Warp Sinip. Cobler 69 Peevish Galthropes and
rascall desparadoes which the Prince of lyesimployes. 1651
Animadv. Macdonnels Answ. Eng. Ambass. 56 Our
English Fugitives and Desperado’s. ¢1790 Wittock Voy,
95 These desperadoes had taken some rich Portuguese vessels
from the Brazils, which they had plundered and sunk. 1807
‘T. Jerrerson Wt. (1830) 1V.97 He found himself left with
about thirty desperadoes only. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. India
I. mt. iv. 606 He had associated with himself..another
desperado. .in a conspiracy. .to assassinate the Ameer. 1877
Brack Green Past. xxxii. (1878) 255 One of the wild des-
peradoes of Colorado. a/ftrié, 1805 Hotcrorr Bryan Per-
due I. 39 The desperado bully.
Hence Despera‘doism 70/1ce-wd. :
1874 Nation (N.Y.) XIX. 207/2 The sort of sneaking
desperadoism of the disguised bands of thieves infesting the
rural neighborhood.
+ Desperance. Ols. Also dis-, -aunce. [a.
OF. desperance, f. desperer to DESPAIR: see -ANCE,
and cf. the by-form DESESPERANCE.] | Despair.
ai1225 Ancr. R. 8 3e muhten sone uallen, .in desperaunce,
pet is, in unhope & in unbileaue forte beon iboruwen. ¢ 1490
Rom. Rose (B.) 1872 So nigh I drow to desperaunce, I rought
of dethe, ne of lyf. 1481 Caxton Godfrey 268 They had
longe don alle theyr power And the werke was not moche
amended, but were falle in a desperaunce. 1560 Rottanp
Crt. Venus 1. 183 His Name hecht Disperance. /6id. 1.790
3one waryit wicht Hecht Desperance.
Desperancy, erroneous f. DESPERACY.
Desperate (de'spérct), a., sd., and adv. Also
5 dysperate, 6-7 desperat, 6 despert, 7 dis-
perate, (evvon.) desparate, 9 dal. des-, dispert.
[ad. L.désperat-us, given up, despaired of, desperate,
pa. pple. of déspzrdre to Despair. Cf. parallel use
of OF. desperé, desesperé, It. disperato, Sp., Pg.
desesperado, and of DESPAIRED ffJ. a.]
A. adj. .
I. +1. Of a person: Having lost or abandoned
hope; in despair, despairing, hopeless. (Const. of)
Obs. or arch.
82*-2
care sobs.
2 Of conditions, etc.: That leaves little or no
room for hope; such as to be despaired of; ex-
tremely dangerous or serioas.
Evex Decmées Pref Ard isiti
DEN rs a ee
: heate Haass Parcel:
of the North growing more
desperate. 683 Brit. Spe. 3t A Mam..in a desperate
Sexkoess reso Setsr fy Pag. Clorgyeree, Younser
beothers of obscure families. and others of desperate for-
tazmexn «oo rpep Wesiey Prise, Piéysac (1762! Sop This has
cured in a most desperate Case. Baz
1, Agoay and grief and desperate woe. Jowstr Piste
ed. 2) V. 36 Their case seemed desperate, there was 20
ooe to help them
+3. Of things (and persons): Despaired of, given
up as hopeless; whose recovery is past hope;
incurable, irretrievable, irreclaimable. Jesferace
debt, a+ bad* debt; so desperate defter. Odes. exc.
as associated with 7.)
ret Meucastes Pusitn
delwereth the
s6tg Hevwooo Svar Prestios Wks :
beme the meanes to sane your desperate Hines.
Levéatt_v xi 45 The
Yoo'll vndertake her no more!
from Age 231 The affaires
i ees.
foead
133 Aristogle regarded the successful prosecution of etha
eoquirics as all bet desperate.
II. 4 Of persons: Driven to desperation, reck-
less or infuriated from despair. Hence, Having the
character of one in this condition ; extremely reck-
less or violent, ready to run any risk or go any
length.
De. Lavron in Lett. om Sugpress. Moreasi.
daingerowse desperate
Oy Foxs 4. & M. (1684) LIL. 924 Two o¢ three
Villains knocked at the door. H. Cocax wr. Paete’s
Trav. iv. g He used me so cruelly, that becoming even
e.. I was..upon the point to have poysoned myself
Freethieber No 42 ® 5 Want makes Mea desperate.
Macavtar ist, Emg. 1. 173 Photters, many of whom
were ruined and desperate men.
tb. Reckless, utterly careless (of). Os. rare.
—— Tank #2. 3, 06 Mame Ss Ss oun Oe
perate of shame state, In priuate ad we ap
him Fistenss Leev's Cure v. ii, Be'st
5. Of actions, ete.: C by the reckless-
ness or resolution of ; ied exp. to actions
done or means to in the last ity,
when all else fails, and the risk of failure Is
Enuge 136 1 ~ >
1 never recollect a more desperate night.
quite sure and compact.
habituated to or ready for desperate
deeds; = DESPERADO 2.
¢ r6ax Caarmax [ed xxv. The deadliest of
all about him. 2633 |. Done frist. Septmagrat 204
and Adulterous desperates, shaken off and damned by the
Word of Gad. Ape. Pret. Frans ig This
Desperate confes that he heard them say, That & was
lawful to kill the King. 1728 Arevtaseder No 52 P53 The
Zeal of these frantick Desperates. A
tb. In guod sense: One an
perate or extremely perilous undertaking.
¢rg@st J. Pocwon Fiasevas Settles 17 Three hundred ..
young men who for commendation gotten by extreame
peril are called the Desperates, the Foriorne hopes.
C. acy. Desperately, hopelessly ; usually (cal/eg.
and @ia/.) as an intensive : Excessively, extremely,
“awfully” (cf. A. 7)
1636 Six H. Buocxt Fey. Lomas? (1637) 109, I noted them
s> Gesperate malicious towards ome another. 3655-60
Sraxusy Aust. Pksles. (rot) so 2, | shewed them how des
perate il Twas 8yo Garr Laenree Tun it (2849) 86 The
road .. was desperate bad. asa Decxess
xxvi. 341 It's a desperate sharp night for a ye lady to
catia. 2860 Baxristr Det. dmrr. sv, * cong ste
to see you.
Desperate, var. of DrsPa RATE a.
Desperately (despértli), av. [f Desperate
@.+-LY2.] In a desperate manner. (See the adj.)
+L Inc ir, ingly.
rss2 Hewoer,
Eves Decuaies 53
3 had desperatly. ¢ é
selees to death -r60g Swans. Lear v. BL Your eldest
Tacghters hase foredooe themselecs And desperately are
dead. stag G. Sanaen Tren. cs Tobe 2 hee *t
beriaine -. desperately brai iz 3634 Caxne
Necess. Spar. (1849) 133 All these died desperately.
+2 In a desperate condition, wretchedly. rare.
the Inquisi |
ae
= DESPERATION 2.
ip Ces Set ee SS
not for y tes be wives,
Se cic Laas Domine 1
‘ou are too are too desperateness
valour bet. négp Feises Holy War w xvi 1840) 72 Loath
to ir enemies’ valour 1677 Gu-
rtx (2867) 448 his or desp and
pot true
a (deapist* fn). Alo 4-6 die
a. - a”
or ad L. d@spenitide-em, n. of action and condition
from ezsférére to DESPAIR.
1. The action of iring or losing all
(of anything); the ition of having utterly lost
hope; despair, lessness. Now rere.
© 1366 Cuavces 4 C.2A accioun Of verrey
és 4 To
—
thende thot hes devare Mes i
Hart Caren. 134 b, For feare of
action of
san
T. Wusox
a
i
t
i
HW
|
v.
7
4
i;
ry
el!
a
HE
:
w ¥E
lint
aa
i
HH
ie
(
!
:
lt
DESPICABLENESS.
able and vile. 1667 Mitton P. L. x1. 340 All th’ Earth he
ave thee to possess and rule, No despicable gift. 1
Dine Voy. IL. 1. viii. 162 Their insolent masters the
Portuguese; than whom there are not a more a
le now in all the Eastern Nations, 1710 Lavy M. W.
lontracu Let. to Bp. Burnet 20 July, There is hardly
a character in the world more despicable, or more liable to
universal ridicule, than that of a learned woman. —
1Vaucuan Fashionable Follies 11. 103 A little despicable
looking house honoured with the name of an inn. 1848
Macautay /ist, Eng. 1. 164 The most despicable of |
fanatics, 1874 Green Short //ist. viii. § 2. 473, The immo-
rality of James’s Court was hardly more despicable than the
imbecility of his “evige ea
+b. Miserable, wretched. Ods.
Pacitr Christianogr. 217 These poore despicable
ao * have hardly sustenance to keepe life and soule to-
gether. 1690 Cup Disc. Trade (1654) 13 The people are
and despicable, their persons ill clothed. a1704 I.
town Praise of Wealth Wks. 1730 1. 85 Despicable in cir-
cumstance. =
+2. Exhibiting or expressing contempt; con-
temptuous. Obs.
(Qualifying opinion, appellation, and the like: cf. Con-
TEMPTIBLE 2.)
1662 H. Sruspe /nd, Nectar Pref. 5, 1 have a very des-
picable opinion of the present age. 1727 Firtpinc Love in
Sev. Masques Wks. 1775 1. 34 Vo persuade us into so des-
picable an opinion of your reason. 1727 Swirt Gulliver i.
viii, The comparison gave me so despicable a conceit of
myself. 1756 Burxe Sxl. & B. u.v, Though we caress
dogs, we borrow from them an appellation of the most
despicable kind. 1775 Apair Amer, /ud. 7 Distinguished
.-by the despicable appellative, Tied Arse.
De'spicableness. [f. prec. + -nvss.] The
quality of being despicable ; contemptibleness, vile-
ness, worthlessness,
1653 Manton Exp. Yames ii. 1 Apt to despise excellent
things, because of the despicableness of the instrument.
a 1691 Boyie Ws. 11.13 (R.) The maker’s art shines through
the despicableness of the matter, 1727-1800 Baitey, Des-
‘icabl os $
De'spicably, adv. [f. as prec. + -Ly 2.]
1, Inadespicable manner; contemptibly, meanly.
a1691 Bovis Wes. II. vet He. .may, with due diligence
and industry, not despicably improve his anatomical know-
ledge. a@ dig Paracel (J.), Nor vainly rich, nor despicably
poor. 1755 Younc Centaur v. Wks. 1757 1V. 228 ‘lo-day
crawling out of the earth; and to-morrow more despicably
still, crawling into corruption,
+2. With contempt; contemptuously. Ods.
1637 P. Heyitn Autidot. Lincoln. 1. 40 Since you speake
so amen of his Majesties chappell. 1665 Perys Diary
13 Feb., To see how despicably they speak of us. 1748
Ricuarpson Clarissa (1811) 11. 243, 1 should think as de-
spicably of his sense. :
+Despication, Ods. rare. [ad. L. déspica-
tion-em, n. of action from déspicari : see DESPIC-
sg «3 Despising, contempt.
1837 Wuitrock, etc, Bk. Trades (1842) 268 Senecca, who
died for philosophy, and despication of Nero,
+Despiciency. Obs. [ad. L. déspictentia
despising, contempt, f. déspiczent-ent, pr. pple. of
déspicére to look down: see Despise, and -ENcY.]
Looking down by ose or despising ; contempt.
1623 Cocxeram, Desfitiencie, despite, hatred. a 1638
Mepe Disc. Mark xi. 17 Wks. (1672) 1. 45 To show their des-
piciency of the poor Gentiles. — . Burton /tin, Anton.
67 A gallant despiciency .. of all h affairs, 1672 H.
More Brief Reply 103 His answer is marveilous lofty and
full of despiciency ds his Antagoni:
Despicion, var. Dispicion, Ods., discussion.
+ Despie'ce, v. Obs. [a. OF. despiccer, earlier
despecier, mod.¥. dépecer, dépiécer, f. des-, (L. dis-)
+ picce Prece.] To cut in pieces.
1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 1. Ixiv. 114a/2
Many marters had ben despieced in to pyeces.
Despight, etc.: see DEsprre, etc.
iritualize (déspiritivdlei:z), v. [Der-
Il. 1.] trans. To deprive of spiritual character ; to
render material.
1868 Contemp. Rev. VIII. 609 Virtually de-spiritualizing
that which it is the very business of literature to clearly re-
involve in the spiritual. 1874 H.R. Reynotps Fohn Baft.
v. § 1. 298 A way has been made by the perversity of man
for despiritualizing Christianity.
Hence Despi‘ritualized, Despi'ritualizing ///.
adjs.; also Despi:ritualiza‘tion.
, 1840 Tait’s Mag. VII. 27 Sensuality of this de-spiritualiz-
ing description. 1874 H. R. Reynotps Fohn Baft. iii. § 1
150 A melancholy desp I of Christianity.
Despisable (d/spaizib'l\,a. [In ME. despis-
awhle, a. OF. despig-, despisable, f. stem despis- of
despire to DESPISE.]
1. To be despised or treated with contempt ; con-
temptible, despicable. Now rare.
a1y4o Hamrote Psalter x\viii. 19 pat is a despisabile shrift
et ese makis. 7d. ciii. 24 Despisabiler fendes.
ycLiF 1 Cor. i. 28 God chees the vnnoble thingis and dis-
isable thingis of the world. 1483 Caxton Gold Leg. 357/1
e was of vyle habyte and d ble of chere, 4
Wricut Passions v. SF 293 Rather despiseable then com-
mendable. 1690 Lond. Gaz. No Til Armed, and in
a very despisable Condition. 1782 Miss Burney Cecilia IV.
Busi is no such d ble thing. 1873 J. M. Bartey
Life in Danbury 6 Brought up .. to look upon a liar as the
most despisable of earth’s creatures.
+2. Contemptuous, = DESPICABLE 2. Obs.
1644 QuarLes Barnabas § B. 208, 1..am now rejected b
the Seapieabl 4
le name of a widow.
tl
tbl.
253
+ Despisableness. 0/s. [f. prec. + -nxss.]
a. Despicable condition. b. Contemptuousness.
1613 Suertey Trav. Persia 99 A direct despisablenesse of
his Person and Authority. of: Fraver Fount. of Life xxx.
g1 The outward M and Despiseabl of His Con-
dition. ;
Despisal (dispaizal). [f. Desrise v. + -au 5:
cf, revisal.] The act of despising ; contempt.
1650 Eart Mono. tr. Senanlt's Man become Guilty 199
Their very looks. .sufficiently witnesse their despisal. a 1707
Be. Patrick Comm. Prov. xi. 12 (.) No man is so mean,
but he is sensible of despisal 1887 2. Farjxon Golden Sleep
59 D. would look down upon him in scorn and despisal.
+ Despi-sant, a. Os. [a. OF. despisant de-
spising, contemptuous, pr. pple. of despire, used
as adj.] Despising, showing contempt. Hence
+ Despi‘santly adv., despisingly, insolently.
1389 Zing. Gilds 80 If any broper or sistere. .dispisantliche
lie on bie broper or on his sister.
Despise (dispai:z), v. Also 4-5 dispice, 4 6
des-, dispyse, 4-7 dispise, 5 dess-, disspice,
5-6 dyspyse. [f. stem desfis- of OF. despire
(despis-ant, qu'il despise, etc.), also despiss-, de-
spisc-, despi¢-:—L. déspicére to look down (upon,
f. DE- I, 1 + specére to look. (There was also a later
OF. despicer, despiser, after the L. verb.) The s
was originally spirant in F, and Eng., whence the
spelling -2ce.]
1. trans. To look down upon; to view with con-
tempt; to think scornfully or slightingly of.
1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 31 Pou ne louest me no3t .. Ac de-
spisest me in myn olde liue. 1393 Lancr ?. 71. C. ut. 84
‘Lo be prynces of prude and pouerte to dispice. c 1400 A fol.
Loll. 6 Crist seip .. he pat dispicib 30w dispisip Me. 1483
Cath. Angl. 101 To Disspice : contempnere. 1§90 SiAks.
Mids. N.. ii. 235 This you should pitie, rather then de-
7 1601 Wrever Mirr. Mart., Sir J. Oldcastle ¥ iij b,
‘Thus fooles admire what wisest men despiseth. 1611 Bizir.
Isa. \iii. 3 He is despised and reiected of men, a man of
sorrows, and acquainted with griefe. 1701 De For 7rue-
born Eng. 1.178 Vhese are the Heroes that despise the Dutch.
1724 — Mem. Cavalier (1840) 43 This was not an enemy to
be despised. 1871 Mortey Voltaire (1826) 153 Vhe foremost
men of the eighteenth century despised Joan of Arc .. for
the same reason which made them despise Gothic architec-
ture. Mod. A salary not to be despised, as things go.
+b. with z#f. or clause. ‘Yo scorn or disdain
to do, that. Obs.
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 231/2 They dyspyseden to make
sacrefyse. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 285, You
denyed and despysed to come. 1552 Aur. Hamiiton Catech.
(1864) 32 Despisand to do as the servand of God Samuel
commandit him. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. xx. § 2 Men
have despised to be conversant in ordinary and common
matters. 1621 Lapy M. Wrotn Urania 164 Thus the
strange Princesse departed. .dispising any passion but loue
should dare to thinke of ruling in her. :
+2. zntr. To look down (on, upon; up, above).
a1325 Prose Psalter \iii[i]) 7 Myn e3e despised vp myn
enemys [l/2/g.=super inimicos meos despexit]. 1388 Wycur
ibid., Myn 13 dispiside on myn enemyes. a1400 Prymer
y Bs eo
(1891) 30 A bouen myn enemyes despisede myn eye.
+3. trans. To exhibit contempt for; to treat
with contempt in word or action. Ods.
1377 Lanct. P. P/. B. xv. 54 Azein such salomon speketh
and dispiseth her wittes, ¢1385 Cuaucer L. G. W., Prol.
135 (Fairfax MS.) To singe of him, and in hir song dispyse
The foule cherl. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 127/2 ‘he poure
man .. began to chyde and dyspyse hym in his vysage by
cause he had no more almesse. 1557 V. 7. (Genev.) Luke
xxiii. 11 And Herode..with his men of warre, despised him,
and mocked hym. [So Wycuir, TinpALE, etc.; Kem. and
1611, set him at naught.]
+b. fig. Of things: To set at nought, dis-
regard.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xv. viii.(1495)557 Though the
adamas..dyspyse fyre and yren: yet it is broke wyth newe
hote blode. ¢1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1.170 In bareine lande
to sette or foster vynes Dispiseth alle the labour and ex-
pence. 1666 Stituncri. Serm. Fire Lond. Wks. 1710 1. 6
{The fire]. . despised all the resistance [which] could be made
by the strength of the buildings.
(‘To look upon; contemplate’. An error of mod.
Dicts. See List of Spurious Words.)
+Despicse, sb. Ods. [prob. a. OF. desfiz,
despis, nom. of despit, Despite, but taking the
form of an Engl. deriv. of DEsPIsE v.] = DESPITE;
contempt, despising.
C1440 Promp. Parv. 120 Despyse [MSS. K.H.P. despyte],
contemptus, despecci txs07 Ce yc. Aiij, Man what
doost thou with all thyse.. Whiche is to mea great despyse.
1586 B. Younc Guazzo's Civ. Conv. 1v. 226b, Occasion of
despise and laughter,
Despised (déspsizd), fp/. a. [f. Despise
v. + -ED.] Looked down upon, contemned,
scorned,
[c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 750 Hated and despysyd was
he.] 1592 Suaxs. Rom. 17%. ul. ii. 77 Dispised x indo
of Diuinest show. 1667 itton P. L. vt. 602 Would render
them yet more despis' 1705 Srasuore Paraphr. I. 34
A vulgar and des Crow 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle
Tom's C. ix. 68 There was the impress of the despised race
on her face.
+ Despi'sedness (-édnés). Ods. [f. prec. +
Ete of Despised condition.
1587 Gotpinc De Mornay xxxi. (1617) 541 Jesus could not
haue shewed his .. glory [better] than in i
1641 Mitton Ch. Govt. ut. i. (1851) 151 Therefore he sent ..
Despisednes to vanquish Pride.
DESPITE.
+ Despi‘sement. O/s. [a. OF. despisement
(12th c. in Godef.), f. despire, despis- : sce -MENT.]
The action of despising ; contempt, scorn.
1603 Hottann Plutarch’s Mor. 155 Contempt and de-
spisement of worldly wealth.
Despiser (d/spsi'za:). [f. Desrise v. + -En}.
Cf. OF. despiseor, nom. despisiére, -sére.] One who
despises ; a contemner, scorner.
aryo Hamrote /’salter Comm. Cant. 500 Y* scorners &
despisers of pore men. 1382 Wyciir Acts xiii. 41 Se 3e, dis-
iseris, and wondre 3¢, and be 3e scaterid abrood. [Tinpate,
3cholde ye despisers and wonder and perisshe ye.] 1485
Caxton St. Wenefr. 20 A despysar of my wordes. 1535
Coverpace /’rov. xiii. 15 Harde is the way of the despysers.
1709 Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) IL. 252 A Despiser
of modern Commentators. @ 1745 Swirt (J.', Atheists,
libertines, and despisers of religion, usually pass under the
name of free-thinkers. 1892 Bookman Oct. 27/2 A despiser
of physical force.
Despi'seress.
A female despiser.
1611 Cotcr., Despriseresse, a disesteemeresse, despiseresse,
or dispraiseresse of. : :
spiel aia | déspai-zin), v0/. sb. [f. DEsPIsEv.
+-ING1.] The action of the vb. DESPISE; con-
tempt, scorn.
1382 Wycuir Ps. cxxii{i]. 3 Myche wee be fulfild with dispis-
ing. 1535 Coverpace Ned. iv. 4 Yt thou mayest geue them
ouer in to despisinge in the londe of their captiuite. 1659
Gentl. Calling (1696) 33 Flatteries ahd Despisings being the
two contrary elements, whereof he, whom they call a Fine
Gentleman, is to be compounded. 1681-6 J. Scott Chr.
Life (1747: III. 391 The despising of him was a despising of
God, by whom he was sent.
Despisingly (déspizinli), adv. [f. despising
pr. pple. + -Ly4.] With contempt; scornfully,
contemptuously.
1 Pexcivatt Sp. Dict., Menospreciando, despisingly.
1820 Blackw, Mag. V11.251 Still spea spisingly of them,
1843 Ibid. LAV. 441 That son of Sparks's, as you so despis-
ingly call him.
+Despisingness. 0/5. [fas prec. +-NESS.]
Contemptuousness.
1625 F. Markuam Bé, //on. 1. vi. § 8 Riches rightly vsed,
rather with a despisingnesse then a desire.
Despite (dispait , 54. Forms: 3-5 despit,
(3-4 -yt, 4 despitt’e, -iit, -yt, -ijt, -i3t, -ithe),
4-6 despyte, (5- -spy3te , 6-8 despight, 4~ de-
spite ; also 3-7 dis-, 3-6 dys- with same variants,
6 Sc. dispyit. [ME. despit, a. OF. despit (:—"de-
spiett, mod.F. dépit, =OCat. despeit, Sp. despecho,
It. dispetto:—L. despectu-m u-stem) a looking down
on, f. ppl. stem of déspiccre to look down on, Dz
SPISE. Down to 17th c. often spelt ds-, dys-, by
confusion with words in the prefix des-, Dis-.. The
16th c. dis-, despight (cf. speght, SPITE) was under
the influence of s¢ght, right, etc.]
1. The feeling or mental attitude of looking down
upon or despising anything ; the display of this feel-
ing; contempt, scorn, disdain. Ods. or arch.
a@1300 Cursor M. 2037 (Cott.) If o pi fader pou haue de-
spite [z. 77. -it, -ithe, -yte]. 1340 Ayend. 19 Pe oper bo3 pet
comp out of be stocke of prede zuo is onworpnesse (despit).
1375 Barvour Bruce v. 46 Persey..Wes inthe castell.. Ful-
fillit of dispit and pride. 1382 Wyciir Kom. ix. 21 Power
..to make sothli o vessel in to honour, anothir forsothe in
todispyt. c1440 Facob's Well (E. E.T. S.) 72 pe firste fote
is dyspy3te; pat is, in doyng no worschype to gode men
dewly, but in dyspysing hem. 1483 Cath. Angl. 101 A Dis-
pite, or a disspisynge, desfeccio, contempius. 1565 Sc.
Metr. Ps. x.5 He puffeth with despight. 1650 Jer. laytor
Holy Living (1727) 245 Liberality..consists in the despite
and neglect of money. 1651 Hosses Leviath. ww. xlvi. 377
Any Attribute, that is given in despight. a@ 1845 Loner.
King Christian iv, Receive thy friend, who, scorning flight,
Goes to meet danger with despite. ; :
+b. Zo hold or have in (+ to) despite: to hold in
contempt ; to have or show contempt or scorn for.
@ 1300 Cursor M. 2610(Cott.) Yone lasce. .als in despit sco
haldes me. ¢1386 Cuaucer AMelib. P 452 Perauenture Crist
hath thee in despit. c1400 Afol. Loll.74 Scho. hap me to
despit. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 162/2 He had in despyte
fader and moder. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 122 b,
The good man sholde haue them in despyte..in comparyson
of the thynges to come.
+c. The object of contempt or scorn. Ods.
ay Cursor M. 18232 (Cott.) Skorning pou art o god
angel, Despit [v. 7. dis-Jof al rightwis and lel. @1340 Ham-
POLE Psalter cxviii. 22 Now til proude men and enuyouse i
am despite and hethynge.
2. Action that shows contemptuous disregard ;
contemptuous treatment or behaviour; insulting
action ; outrage, injury, contumely. 70 do despite
to: to treat with injury and contumely ; to outrage.
1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 464 ove ee pat clerkes such
despyt dude & wo. @1300 Cursor M. 7825 (Cott.) For to do
him despitte or schame. ¢ 1340 /bid. 6785 (Fairf.) To childer
do 3e na dispite. ¢ 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 1822 Lucretia,
Whi hast thou don despit to Chivalrye. c1400 Destr. Troy
13700 Pe schalke, that .. so dernely hym did dere & dispit.
1535 CoverpaLe Lam, iii. 47 Feare and snare is come vpon
vs, yee despite and destruccion.. 1631 WEEvER Anc. Fun.
Mon. 24 Loath he was that his dead bodie should either
suffer despight, or receive fauour from his enemies.
Marvett Keh. Transp. 1. 325 There is not one Person of
vare—°, [f. prec. + -ESS.]
p stoige yes phee not done despight to. 1803 W: A
Sonn, Lit L xviii, To work against themselves such fell
despite. Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) III. xiii. 319
The despite by him to the holy relics.
DESPITE.
b. Disregard of opposition, defiance. Oés.
1380-1601 [see 5c]. Sm ‘IT. Hersert 7rav. 2
Chardges so furiously and so close, that in despight he
mounts the wall. 1706 E. Warp Hud. Rediv. 11. vii, That
all who see..may — in Despite to Rome. 1719
Younc Revenge i, i. Wks. 1757 Il. 170 What think you
‘twas. . But doing right in stern despite to nature?
3. (with f/.) An act that shows contempt, hatred,
malice, or spite; an outrage, a shameful injury.
1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 547 The Londreis ther biuore a a
despit wro3te To the quene. 1382 Wyciir Kom. i. 24 7
thei ponysche with sang or dispitis [Vulg. contume/liis)
her bodies. 1450-1530 /
frende greued wyth ——_ and dyspites. 1480 Caxton
Cron, E-ng. ccxxv. 230 Many harmes shames and despytes
they dyden vnto the Quene. 1523 Lo. Berners Frocss. I.
exlvi. 174 They of Calays hathe done hym suche contraryes
and dispyghtes. 1654 Wurttock Zootomia 336, I think
I could not do him a greater Despite, than to bestow a
woman on him. 1748 RicHarpson Clarissa (1811) IL. xii.
76 My declared aversion, and the unfeigned despights I took
all opportunities to do him. 1820 Worpsw. Sheep-washing,
The turmoil that unites Clamour of boys with innocent
despites Of barking dogs. 1870 Loner. tr. Dante's /n/. xiv.
71 His own despites Are for his breast the fittest ornaments.
4. Indignation, anger, evil feeling, especially such
as arises from offended pride, vexation, or annoy-
ance. In later use, esp. The entertaining of a grudge,
evil feeling with a desire to harm or vex; ill-will,
aversion ; settled mglice or hatred; Sprre.
c1zag EL. E. Allit. P. C. 50 What dowes me be dedayn,
ober dispit make? 1375 Barwour Bruce u. 455 And for dispyte
bad drawand hing an the prisoneris. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer rank.
T. 667 Sith that maydens hadde such despit To ben defouled
with mannes foul delit. ¢1goo Destr. Troy 10684 [He] put
hym of horse, With a spar of a speire in dispit felle. 1483
Cath. Angl. 98 A Despite, aversio. 1523 Lv. Berners Froiss.
I. xxv. 36 The kyng had great dispyte, that the duke shuld
so dele with hym. 1548 Hatt Chron. 202 b, After many
greate woordes and crakes..the Lorde Stafford .. in greate
dispite departed with his whole compaignie. 1579 Tomson
Calvin's Serm. Tim. 52/2 For they are at despite & fret,
bicause they see God so against them. 1590 Spenser F. Q.
1. i. 50 He thought have slaine her in his fierce despight.
1598 Haktuyt Joy. I. 64 A man full of all malice and
despight. 1603-21 KNottes ///st. Turks 1231 Two Monkes,
whom the Scions in despight cut into many pieces. 1697
C'tess D' Aunoy’s Trav. (1706) 27 Don Lewis had a secret
Despight, in comprehending the Marquess so well satisfied.
1752 Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) Il. 418 Formed by the
gods merely from despight to Prometheus. 1816 Scott
Antig. xxiv, He died soon after ..of pure despite and
vexation, 1846 Trencu J/irac. xix. (1862) 326 Wounded
pride, disappointed malice, rancorous despite.
5. Phrase. In despite of. +a. In contempt or
scorn of ; in contemptuous defiance of. Obs. De-
parture in despite of the Court: see DEPARTURE 6.
[1292 Britton 1. v. § 1 En despit et damage de nous et de
noster poeple.] c1ago Beket 1903 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 161
Peos preo bischopus .. to pe kinge heo come .. And tolden
-. hov in despit of him, he dude swuch luber dede. c “gee
Sir Ferumb. 5807-9 He .. hab now in dispyt of me My
bysshop y-bete sore: And afterward, in pe dyspyt of
crysst, Spet on pe fant. 1494 Fasyan Chrow. cxcvili. 205
In dyrision and despyte of the Danys. 1548 Hatt Chron.
183 b, And sent all their heddes..to be set upon poles, over
the gate of the citie of Yorke in despite of them, and their
lignage. c1g92 Martowe A/assacr. Paris. vii, In despite of
thy religion, The Duke of Guise stamps on thy lifeless bulk !
1628-1641 [see Deraxter?; Departure 5b). @2735 Ar-
BUTHNOT John Bull Swift’s Wks. 1751 VI. 140 Let it never
be said, that the famous John Bull has departed in despite
of court.
+b. In anger or indignation at ; in punishment
of. Obs. rare.
[1292 Britron nu. xv. § 2 En despit de lour defaute, ¢rans/,
By way of punishment for the default of the parties.) 1528
Lynpesay Dreme 1100 In dispyit of his Lycherous leuyng,
‘The Romanis wald be subiect to no kyng.
+ ¢. In open defiance of, in overt opposition to.
Cf. 2b. Obs.
©1380 Sir Ferumb. 2192 Now hab he my dore y-broke;
ous alle in dispyte. ean hia yaa —_ vu. ab
A gret ost .. in be north of Ingland past In dyspyt of pat
Tyrand. 1601 Br. W. Bartow Serm. Paules Crane 40 To
see Gods word alleadged in despight of Gods ordinance.
d. Notwithstanding the opposition or adverse
efforts of (a person). Now rare except with reflexive
pronouns (7 despite of himself, etc.).
1570-6 Lamparne Peramb. Kent (1826) 121 They [the
Danes] landed in despight of the people. 1603 KNouLes
Hist. Turks (1621) 1159 Collonitz in despight of the
enemie, in safetie brought backe his souldiors. 1 FuLter
Holy War vy. xii. (1647) 250 At last this warre ended it self
in despite of the Pope, 1820 Suettey Zo Mar. Gisborne
18 We .. in despite of God and of the devil Will make our
riendly philosophic revel Outlast the leafless time. 1
Ouiwa Winter City vii. 198 The lottery tries to allure in
very despite of themselves the much wider multitude.
e. Notwithstanding, in spite of (opposition, some
opposing force). ;
a 1533 Lo. Bexners //xon lii. 175 In dyspyte of his teth
I wyll se my nece. x Suans. Merry W. v. v. 132
A receiu'd beleefe, in despight of the teeth of all rime and
reason, that they were Fairies. 1600 E. Buounr tr. Cones-
taggio 132 To assaile the entrie of the mouth of Lisbone, in
despite of all the fortresses that were there. @ 1631 Donne
Poems ( te) 17 Love which in dispight of darkness brought
us hither, Should in dispight of light keep us together. 1664
Butter Hud. 1. i. 23 Some force whole Regions in despight
F phy to change their site. 1747 Carre //ist. Eng.
1. Pref. 6 Learning. .cultivated by private persons in despig'
of all diffcultiens 1824 W. Teviwe 7. Trav. 1. 116 Seized
my hand in despite of my efforts to the contrary. 1868 Miss
lyrr. our Ladye 230 Herynge hys |
254
Brapvon Dead Sea Fr. 1. i, 2 In despite of its solemn tran-
quility, this Villebrumeuse is not a dreary dwelling-place.
f£. archaic const. In his, her, their, others , one’s
own despite: in the various preceding senses.
1588 Suaks. 77#. A. 1. 361 What yrs = bury him in
my despight. 1591 Spenser Dafhn. 442
live in lifes despight. 74 1600
Green xxxiii, Thus was faire
And the i
ight. 1
who lived in ven’s despight, ntemning ~o
trampling on the right. 1791 Cowrer Odyss. 1. 272
bel a sag in thy despight. 1794 Brake Songs Exfer.,
Clod & Pebble, Love seeketh only self to please. .And builds
a hell in heaven's despite. 1849 Sir J. Srernen Zecl. Biog.
Pref. (1850) 5, I am thus an author in my own despite. 1871
Bracke Four Phases i. _ Bearding two of the thirty
tyrants, and pursuing quietly his labours of love in their
despite.
6. In later use often despite of (senses 5 d, e) ;
whence by further shortening Desire frep., rarely
in despite (without of).
c15go Martowe Faust Wks. (Rtldg.) 123/2 If this Bruno
..sit_in Peters chair, despite of chance. 1655 7heophania
181 Having, despight of all opposition. .forced their way
through. 1820 Keats //yfecrion 1. 226 His Voice leapt out,
despite of godlike curb. 1847 Mrs. A. Kerr /ist. Servia
420 Despite of her favouring his opponents, the guard of
honour had been taken from her also. 1868 Morris Earthly
Par, 11. 92 Flushed and joyful in despite her fear.
Despite (</spai't), v. Obs. or arch. [a. OF.
despite-r (13th c. ), mod.F, dépiter, app. f. despit,
dépit Despite sb. Cf. Cat. despitar, Pr. despeytar,
-pechar, Sp. despechar, \t. dispettare, which may
directly represent L. déspectare, freq. of déspicére to
look down on, DEsPIsE.]
1. trans. To express or show contempt for, treat
with contempt, set at nought ; to do despite to.
1375 Barsour Bruce iv. 596 Ynglis men, That dyspitit,
atour all thing, Robert the bruce. 1481 Caxron Godfrey
cliii, 227 They blamed and Iniured our barons, And de-
spyted them and alle thoost. 1594 Drayton /dea 527 Reason
.. Despiteth love, and laugheth at her Folly. 1614 T. Apams
Devils Banquet 181 And despiteth, which is more than
despiseth the spirit..of grace. a1619 Fornersy A theom,
1. iv. § 1 (1622) 20 Who... both despise the ‘Temples, and
despite the gods. 1652 CoTTERELL Cassandra V1. (1676) 555
Have you let ‘scape an enemy who despites you? 1828
Lanpor /¥&s, (1868) I. 353/2 The great founder of Rome ..
slew his brother for despiting the weakness of his walls.
1869 SrurGEoN 7 yeas, Daz. Ps. iv. 4 One reason why men
Born to be sav'd, even in their own
ope Odyss. 1X. > Some rustic wretch,
‘0 and
uc
| are so mad as to despite Christ.
tb. with inf Obs,
1596 Dateympce tr. Leslie's Hist. Scotd. ui. xxvii, A certane
noble man dispytes to hear that edicte. ]
+ 2. To vex or provoke to anger ; to spite. Ods.
1530 PAtscr. 520/2, I dispyte a person, I set hym at naught,
or provoke hym to anger, ye despite. .\t dispyteth me to se
his facyons. 1586 T. B. La Primaud. fr, Acad. 670
Whose sonne he had murdered, and abused his wife to
despite him therewith. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary u.
(1625) 49 It is not the shew you beare, but the pride where-
with you are carried that despiteth me. 1§99 SuHaks. Much
Ado i. ii. 31 Onely to despight them, I will endeavour an
thing. 1655 Futter Ch. //ist. m1. vi. § 43 A vexatious deed,
meerly to despight them. 1658 Whole Duty Man ii. § 13
We bring. .a train of his enemies to provoke and despite him.
+3. intr. To show despite, contempt, or ill-
will. Ods.
1530 PatsGr.’520/2 You neuer sawe man dispyte agaynst
an other on that facyon. 1627 Lisander & Cal. 1x. 185
Lisander despiting at Lidian’s long resistance, gave him
so violent a thrust, & Frankuwn Poor Richard's Alm.
Wks. (1887) I. 461 note, ‘These ill-willers of mine, despited at
the great reputation I gained.
[Shortened from
Despite (déspairt » prep.
despite of, orig. in despite of: see Despite sb. 6.]
In spite of.
1593 Suaks. 2 Hen, VJ, 1. i. 179 Or thou, or I Somerset
will be Protectors, Despite Duke Riahey, or the Cardinall.
1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. wv. v. Wks. 1856 I. 130 Man
will breake out, despight philosophie. 1613 Heywoop Si/v.
Age 1. Wks. 1874 LIL. 159 Il’e.. Ransacke the lace
se ad grim Pluto reignes. . pight his blacke guard. 1810
Scorr Lady of L. u. xxxii, 1 love him still, despite my
wrongs, 1876 Miss Brapvon ¥. Haggard'’s Dau, Il. 25
The attraction that draws me to her despite myself.
Despiteful (d/spoi'tful), a. i Despite sd, +
-FUL.] Full of or abounding in despite.
+1. Contemptuous; insulting, opprobrious. Ods.
c Loneticu Grail xxxvii. 185 Ha, dispitful Creature
i Via azens al good aventure. 1533 More Answ.
Suaul kh. Wks. ft rs Whoso dishonor god in one place
with occasion ofa false fayth. .all honoure thathedooeth hym
anye w! beside, is odious and dispightefull, and reiected
of god. 1549 Coverpare Lrasm. Par. x Pet. iv. 14 In the
myddes of your dispightfull handlinge, the glorious spirite
ineinyou. x26r1 Sreep //ist. Gt. Brit.
of god is kyndled a; s ’
ey slew them, and left their bodies to
VI zat. oa) 125 I -
despightfull ignominy. 1676 Br. Gurnrie in Burton's Diary
, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly2.] Ina
despiteful manner.
1. Contemptuously, opprobriously, insolently,
shamefully. arch. .
1535 CoverDALE Yob xvi, 10 They haue. .smytten me vpon
tt che Seeviehaye” At, He rr, Decpiabul,
eg ice
t w lespitefully vse you, e
Rateicn Hist. World u. he The bodies of ‘Saul 1 and i
sonnes: which hung des; ichttully over the Walls of Beth-
spacious? persons contuualioany and Geman’ aie
spirit contume! %
Yasen Ghoul. Coon. ate 90 coors of founded fat
to use whom despitefully was thought to be doing
a service.
2. Angrily, maliciously, cruelly; with malicious
cruelty or ill-will ; spitefully. ;
1470 Henry Wallace i. 193 My faithfull —s itfull
thai slew. —— s Bruce x1. 608 (Camb. MS.) Fu!
dyspitfully (Edinb. MS. i perm Thair fais i
thaim rycht Py oe _ ANLEY Wond. Lit. World v.
ii, § 68. an /2 His beauti ul Empress, wl
-
sv.
1 : Ie hom a. Bur-
er Nose and Ears ° aia
Despi'tefulness. [f.asprec.+-nEss.] The
quality of being despiteful; contemptuousness,
malicious feeling or action, cruelty.
1535 Coverpate Ps. cxxii[i). 4 Oure soule is fylled .. with
the despitefulnesse of the proud. — £stheri. 18 Thus shall
there aryse despytefulnes and wrath gh. x61z Biste
Wisd. it. 19 Let vs ine him with despiteful and
torrture. 1633G. Herpert Temple, Sacrifice xxii, The Jews
accuse me with despitefulnesse.
Despi'tely, adv. In 7 despightly. [f. *despite
adj. (=OF. despit angry, despiteful) + -Ly *.]
Despitefully.
1619 Denison Heavenly Bang. i. 6 When the Lord of
glory..was despightly apprehended.
Despiteous (déspi'téas),@. Forms: 5 dispi-
tious, -pyteous, 5-6 despituous, 5-7 dispiteous,
6 dispit-, -pytuous, -pighteous, despyteous,
6- despiteous. [Late ME. variant of DEsrirovus,
from its spelling specially associated with piteous
(+ pituous), and so giving rise to a differentiated
form, DisprtEovs.]
1. orig. =Desrirovs : full of despite, contempt,
or ill-will; contemptuous, opprobrious. arch.
«» Chaucer's Knt.’s T. (Hart. MS. A proud
dininlocs noone [6 evident peat 33 ae: Gold.
Leg. 14/1 a despituous. 1498 Trevisa's Barth. De
P.R. v1. xi.(W.de W.) 196 Prowde stoute and dyspiteous,
1529 More Sufplic. Soulys Wks. 289/1 and de-
spiteful persone. 1529 — Dya/oge 1v. ibid. 258/1 ome ad
to pyghteouse a sight to se the dispytuous di tes
there..to god and al good men. 1532 — Con/ut. Tindale
ibid. 354/2 Tindalles develishe prowde disp hearte.
1548 Vous etc. Erasm. Par. Luke xx. 11 With much
despiteous language. 16ar Br. Mountacu Diatrite 412
Arayling and h of Scaliger. 1888 Morris
lespighteous
Dream of Fohn Balti. 30 The proud, despiteous rich man.
b. (erroneous.)
1623 Cockeram, Desfituous, contemptible, vile.
2. Spiteful, malevolent, cruel;
into the sense: Pitiless, merciless, DispirEovs.
¢ 1510 Mort Picus Wks. 25 To thy moste vtter dispiteous
enemies. 1513 — in Grafton Chron, II. 738 He was close
and secret... oe iteous & cruell. 1520 Carton’s Chron.
Eng. v. 47 b/2 shall..put them to d dethe
[1480 dyspitous deth]. 1549 Cuatoner tr. Lrasm, Moriv
Enc. Pijb, Warre is so cruell and despiteous a thyng-
@ 1557 Mus, M. Basser More's Treat. Passion
a Jp Fea easier ende of Judas.
x ‘aTson /olyd. Carthaginenses
Soins of the Crucltie chewed to their citizens. “bewailed
the despituous death and cruel torments
1595 Suaks. Fohkn 1. i. 34 Turning dispitious torture out of
doore? 1596 Srenser F. Q. 1. ii. 15 Spurring so hote with
rage dispiteous. 1600 HotLanp Livy xxvut. xx. 683b, For
despi and deepe hatved. [igth c. see
ly
very
Disrrreous.)
‘teously,
1g00-20 Dunar ‘ Amang ther ris’ 29 Thai .. Dispitu-
cndlia efan Wik tian aoe t. 1529 More Com/. agst. Trib. 1.
Wks, 1164/2 That so eously to
Sreen Hist, Gt.
(1828) III. 90 mote, Having prefaced awhile with despightful a si
exclamations, “a pape ! a pape | Antichrist! pull hid down !" i "iiscuuny cee Wan Ghee Fore Devill, out of
threw the stools i sat on at the ¢ i ikalite andl on vie, had ail mankind,
2. Cruel, fierce; cherishing ill-will; malignant, | 1968 Scorr Marve. v. xxi, Lord said dexpi .
malicious ; spiteful. 1885 Sat. Rev. 18 July oy We should be sorry to be
©1470 Henry Wallace 1. 207 The constable a felloun man | to write despiteously of Sir Philip Perring.
* wer... — he we: di itfull ond oem Page = + Despi'ter. Obs. a4 DESPITE v.+-ER!: cf.
UNBAR foes XX. n no way tu 0
Ei, enna fe Moe ae Sel | Cciceteonly dae
foo! i itefu a sower ition. x 5
Levins Manip. 187, Dispitetul, jeedfloaus, 1600 Snaee, x60r Deacon & Warxer Sfirits & Divels 8 Pneumato-
A. Y.L.v. ii. 86 It is my studie To seeme despightfull and hus is as much to say, as a despiter of spirits. 1640
DESPITING.
A. Harsnet Goa’s Summ. 198 Despisers and Despighters of
the Spirit of Grace. F
Despitesoun, -usioun, var. of DispuTisoun,
Oés., disputation.
Despitiency, var. of DESPICIENCY.
Despi'ting, 24/. sd. [f. Despitz v. + -1nG1.]
The action of the vb. DesrirE; a doing despite
to; entertaining a grudge.
@ 1529 SKELTON Berea. ee Garnesche ut. 114 Your dyrty
endytyng, And your spyg tfull despyghtyng. 1529 More
Dyaloge 1. Wks. 198/t It is not of worshipping, but dispityng
and disworshipping of saintes. 1677 Gitrin Demonol, (1867)
199 The despiting and discrediting of truth.
+ Despitous, z. Oss. Forms: 4-7 despitous ;
4-5 des-, dis-, dys-pitous, -pytous, -pitus,
-petous, -pytws, -pytuws. [ME. a. AF. desfi-
tous =OF. despitos, despiteus (mod.F, dépiteux), f.
despit DESPITE sb.: see -ous. After 1400 asso-
ciated with Azteous, + Pituous, and spelt -zous,
-ious, -eous: see DesprrEous. Originally stressed
on last or first syllable ; subsequently on second.]
1..orig. Full of despite ; exhibiting contempt or
haughtiness ; hence, insulting, vexing.
a 1340 Hampote Psalter Comm. Cant. 517 Pai pat ere
proude and despitus. 1375 Barsour Bruce 1.196 Sa hawtane
and dispitous. ¢1386 CHaucer Pro/. 516 (Harl.) He was to
senful man nought dispitous [6 ¢exts He was nat to synful
men despitous] Ne oF his speche daungerous ne digne.
— Pars. T. ?321 Despitous is he pat hap desdayn of his
neighebour. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 241 Meny
dispitous worde [»zulte contumeliz). 1494 Fasyan Chron.
vit, 410 The prouocacyon & dispytous wordes of y* Frenshmen.
2. Cruel; exhibiting ill-will, or bitter enmity,
malevolent.
¢1340 Cursor M. 23235 Mony harde & dispitous dynt shul
pe wrecches bere hynt. ¢1374 Cuaucer 7voylus 111. 1409
(1458) Dispitous day pyn be be pyne of helle! ¢ 1400 Rove.
Rose 2212 Keye was. .Of word dispitous and cruelle. ¢ 1400
Destr. Troy 6494 Two speirus full dispitus he sparet to cast.
14.. HoccLeve Compi. Virgin 131 His despitous deeth with
me compleyne. 1567 TurBerv. Ovid's Ep. 68 Then..with
dispitous nayles I rent my face. 157x Campion //ist. [red.
1; 1x, (1633) 120 Except that one despitous murther at ‘Tar-
taine. 1578 T. Proctor in Heliconia I. 99, I sterve through
thy dispitous fault.
b. t¢ransf. Violent.
c¢14so Loneticn Grail xii. 356 Vndir wheche 3ate ran
there Ryht a wondir dyspetous ryvere.
+ Despitously, adv. Os. [f. prec. + -Ly*.]
In a ‘despitous’ manner, with despite.
1, Contemptuously, scornfully, despitefully ; hence,
shamefully, ignominiously.
c13a0 R. Brunne Medit. 615 Some dispoyle hym oute
dyspetusly. ¢ 1340 Cursor M, 16951 (Trin.) He..Dispitusly
[earlier texts vili, vilelik] for vs was lad buffeted & beten
sare. ©1380 Sir Ferumb. 173 Myn enymys Despyseb me
her dispytously. c1q00 Destr. Troy 3889 Ector..spake
neuer dispituosly, ne spiset no man. 1523 Q. Marc. in
M. A. E. W Lett. R. & Illust. Ladies \, 285 They
speak right plainly & dyspytwsly.
2. Angrily, sharply; cruelly, maliciously; vio-
lently.
1340 Cursor M. 5082 (Trin.) Pe coupe in to 3oure secke
put | And pursewed 30u dispitously [G颢. And presuned
30u ful spitusly]. ¢1350 Will. Palerne 1137 [He] him told
how despitously pe duk of bat dede him warned. 1375
Barsour Bruce 1. 137 He that him in 3hemsell had, Than
warnyt hym dispitously. ¢1374 Cuaucer 7roylus v. 1806
(1818) Dispitously hym slough the fiers Achille. ¢1386 —
Reeve's T. 354 By the throte-bolle he caught Aleyn, And he
hent him dispitously ageyn. 1398 Trevisa Barth. de P. R.
xu. viii.(Tollem. MS.), Pe ryuer aros with so gret strengbe
and violence, pat he all to-brake dispitously be brigge. 1480
Caxton Chron. Eng. 2 He spak unto hem of theyr wyk-
kednesse and despitously hem reproued. a@ 1g00 Orol. Sap.
in Anglia X. 338 Takynge me despiteslye & byndynge
cruelye.
Despituous, obs. form of DESPITEOUS.
Desplay, obs. form of DispLay.
Desplesance, var. of DIsPLEASANCE, Ods.
beter ta (dispoi'l), sd. [ME. a. OF. despotlle,
-pueille( =Pr.despuelha), verbal sb. from despotllier:
see next.] ;
1. The action of despoiling ; plundering, robbery,
arch,
Caxton Gold. Leg. 24 b/2 Stronge in his despoylle..
feet in the batayll. a@xs530 Woisey to Hen. VIIT
(in A thenzvum 12 Sept. 1840’, My houses be, — by the over-
sight, dispoil, and euill behaviour of such as I did trust,—
in ruyn and decaye. 1590 Greene Newer too late (1600) 57
Thou hast had my despoyle. 1807 Worpsw. White Doe
vil. 18 ’Tis done ;—despoil and desolation O’er Rylstone’s
fair domain have blown.
+2. concr. Plunder, booty, Spor. Obs.
1474 Caxton Chesse 11. iv. Cvij, So shold the dispoyle and
botye be comune vnto them. 1481 — God/rey 296 Euery
man laden and charged with despoylles. 1552 Hutoert,
Despoyle, spolium, trophenm. 1619 Time's Storehouse 55
(L.) Hercules. .covered with the despoyle of a lyon.
3. (See quot.)
By Hutoer, Despoyle, or place where mischiefe or
robberye is done, dijelathban.
Despoil (déspoi'l), v. Forms: 3-4 despuile(n,
3-7 despoile, -oyle, 6-7 despoyl, 6- despoil ;
also 4 des-, dispoyly, dispuile, -uyle, 4-5 dys-
poyle, 4-7 dispoile, -oyle, 5 des-, dis-, dys-
poille, -oylle, dispole, disspoylle, 6-7 dispoil ;
Sc. 4-5 dispulze, -puilje. [ME. despuilen,
255
-spoile-n, a. OF. despuillier, -oillier, -oiller (mod.
F. dépouiller) = Pr. despolhar, Cat. despullar, Sp.
despojar, It. dispogliare:—L. déspolidre to plunder,
rob, despoil, f. Dr- I. 3 + spolidre to strip of
clothing, rob, spoil. Formerly spelt dzs- by con-
fusion with words in des- from D1s- prefix.]
1. trans. To strip of possessions by violence; to
plunder, rob, SpoIL: @. a person.
1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 212 Pe opere after vaste, And slowe
& despoylede, and to grounde hem caste. 1340 A.yend. 45
Pe uerste [zenne] is couaytise uor to wynne and uor to
dispoyly his uela3e. 1393 Lanci. 2. PZ. C, xiv. 58 Robbours
and reuers pat riche men dispoilen. 1484 Caxton Fadles of
“E sop i. iv, The euylle hongry peple which..robben and
despoillen the poure folke. 1529 More Dyadoge 1. Wks.
153/2'The Ebrues well dispoile the Egypcyens. 1795 SouTnEy
Joan of Arc i. 176 We are not yet So utterly despoil’d but
we can spread The friendly board. zt FREEMAN Novi,
Cong. (1876) LV. xvii. 36 To despoil those whom the Conqueror
himself had spared.
b. a place; also ¢ransf. and fig.
1375 Barsour Bruce xut. 502 Qwhen the feld .. Wes dis-
pulzeit, and left all bair. 1393 Gower Conf III. 371 Des-
puiled is the somer fare. c1g0o Maunpev. (1839) x. 114
Oure Lord descended to Helle & despoyled it. 1601 WEEVER
Mirr. Mart. ¥ ij, Enuie..Despoil’s his name and robs him
of his merits. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge xvi, The coach
.. despoiled by highway-men. 1845 STEPHEN Laws Eng.
(1874) II. 219 Though guilty in general of waste, if he despoils
the freehold, 1873 Dixon 7wo Queens IV. xxl. viii. 215
Wolsey had set the fashion of despoiling and suppressing
convents,
2. To strip or deprive (a person, etc.) violently of
(some possession); to rob: a. of arms, clothes, or
something material ; also ¢razsf.
c1300 K. Adis. 4028 That he a knyght of Grece slowgh,
And dispoyled him of his armes. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7.
Ps91 He was despoyled of al that he hadde in this lyf, and
that nas but his clothis. c1470 Henry Wallace x1. 1396
Bot than he was dispuilzeit off his weid. 1600 FarrrAx
Tasso xt. 1. 244 An others hands Of these her plants the
wood dispoilen shall. 1603 KNoties /Vist. Turks (1638)
309 Theeues. .dispoiling him of his apparell. 1614 RaLeicu
Hist. World . 450 Athalia being thus dispoyled of
her Son. 1659 B. Harris Parival’s Jron Age 172 The
Swedes, being. .despoiled of the Isle of Usedon. 1695 Woop-
warD Nat. Hist. Earth v. (1723) 257. Vhese formed Stones
being by this Means despoil'd of their Shells. 1775 Jonn-
son Lett. to Mrs. Thrale 12 May, You talked of despoiling
his book of the fine print. 1776 Gipson Decd. 6 F. 1. xvii.
440 The cities of Greece and Asia were despoiled of their
most valuable ornaments. 1870 Bryant //rad I. 1v. 132 He
could not despoil The slain man of his armor,
b. of things immaterial; also fg.
cx Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxxii. 145 We bene in peess, of pe
whilk pou will now dispoile vs, 1581 J. Bett /addon’s
Answ, Osor. 212 b, We do not despoyle will of her libertye.
1593 SHaks. 2 Hen, VJ, 11. iii. to Despoyled of your
Honor. 1667 Mitton ?. L. 1x. 411 Despoild of Innocence,
of Faith, of Bliss. 1878 B. Taytor Dezkalion 1. iii. 30
They. .despoiled thy head Of separate honor.
+3. spec. To strip of clothes, to disrobe: a. orig.
as an act of violence, spoliation, or robbery. Ods.
a1225 Ancr. R. 260 Vor steorc naked he was despuiled
ode rode. ¢1380 Sir Ferunth. 3031 Vo Gy tok he pat cors:
‘Dispoille pis body’, pan gan he saye; ‘& arme be on ys
wede’. 1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 88 Take these frensshe men
and despoyle them.
+b. without the notion of spoliation: To un-
dress ; to strip of armour, vestments, etc. Ods.
se a3 Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 860 Per he watz dispoyled, wyth
spechez of myerpe, Pe burn of his bruny, & of his bry3t
wedez. ¢1386 Cuaucer Clerk's T, 318 He bad That
wommen schugl despoilen hir right there. c1qg0 J/erdin
63 Thei made dispoile the quene to go to hir bedde. 1525
p. Berners /ozss. II. ccxlv. [ccxli.] 753 Before the aulter
ther he was dispoyled out of all his vestures of estate. 1540
Surrey Poems, Prisoner in Windsor 13 Despoiled for the
ame. 156r Norton & Sackv. Gorboduc w. ii. (1847) 142
e..Dispoyled streight his brest, and all we might, Wyped
in vaine, with napkyns next at hande. 1700 DrypEN
Palamon & Arc. 1. 725 The surgeons soon despoiled them
. of their arms, And some with salves they cure, and some
with charms.
+ ¢. ref. To disrobe or undress onese//, put off
one’s clothes. Ods.
1388 Wycuir 1 Sam. xviii. 4 Jonathas dispuylide him silf
fro the coote. 1 ph | Matory Arthur vu. xil, Pryuely she
dispoylled her & leid her doune by hym. c¢ 1477 CAxToNn
¥ason 106 Dispoylle you and entre in to this bathe. 1483
— Gold, Leg. 85b/1 He dyspoylled and unclad hym and gaf
hys clothys unto the bochyers.
+d. To take off (clothes). Ods.
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 62b/1 Moyses toke Aaron upon
the hylle & despoylled of his vesture. — Zsofe 2b, The
lord commaunded to despoylle and take of his clothes.
+e. with double obj.: To strip (a person) of
(clothes). Ods.
1632 Sir T. Hawkins tr. Mathieu's Vnha, py Prosp. t
When the play is ended .. they are dispoyled the gawdy
garments of the personage represented.
+4. To strip of worth, value, or use; to render
useless, mar, destroy; to SpotL. Ods.
? a1400 Morte Arth, 4127 Paynymes .. With speres diss-
petousely disspoylles our Tegéttes. cx Plumpton
Corr. 235 A action of trespas against .. Robart Oliver for
dispoyling my gras. 1685 [see DrepoiLep].
+5. To make a spoil of (goods, ete.); to carry
off by violence, rob,- plunder. Qds.
7483 Caxton Cato Biij, To dyspoyle and rauisshe hys
neyghbours goodes, 1604 R. Cawprey Tadle Alph., Dis-
poyle, take away by violence.
DESPONDENCY.
+b. To remove forcibly, take away. Oés.
@ 1533 Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) K ij, It is
necessary to dispoyle the opilacions and leattes of the
stomake,
Hence Despoi‘led, Despoi'ling /f/. aéjs.
1570-6 Lamparpe Peramd, Kent (1826) 146 A poore,
private, and despoiled person. 1685 TRAVESTIN Svege New-
heusel 43 The besieged. .again put in order the late dispoiled
Battery. 1849 Macaucay //ist. Eng. Il. 130 Despoiled
proprietors, 1859 C. Barker Associative Princ. i. 17 The
despoiling hands of the first reformers.
Despoiler (déspoi'lo1). [f. Despoi v. + -ER1,
Cf. OF. despotlleur.] One who despoils ; a plun-
derer, spoiler. z
1467 “£. E. Gilds 389 Pillours, Robbers, dispoylers.
1592 WyrLey Armmorie 151 Dispoiler of my worldly pleas-
aunce. 1611 Speep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. ii. § 57, 1.. forbid
that the Body of my dispoiler, be covered in my Earth.
1812 Byron Ch, Har. 1. Ixxvi, They may lay your proud
despoilers low. 1848 Macautay //ist. Eng. 1. 186 The
despoilers and the despoiled had for the most part been
rebels alike. 1855 SINc on I ergid II. 418 A less merciful
despoiler of floral beau
Despoiling (d/spoi'liy), v67. sd,
-ING!.]
1. The action of the verb Despoir ; robbing.
1552 Hucoer, Despoylinge, despoliatio, spoliatio. 1793
Burke Corr. (1844) [V. 143 The despoiling a minister of
religion.
+ 2. Spoil, plunder; esp., the arms or clothes of
an enemy, the skin of a beast.
1374 Cuaucer Boeth. wv. met. vii. 147 He rafte pe de-
spoylynge fro pe cruel lyoun, pat is to seyne he slou3 Fe
lyoun and rafte hym hys skyn.
Despoilment (d/spoi'lmént). [f. Desporr z.
+-MENT. Cf. OF. despotllement, mod.\*. dépoutlle-
ment.| The action of despoiling or fact of being
despoiled ; spoliation.
1822 Moir Stavzas on Infant i, As yet by Earth's de-
spoilment undefaced. 1859 Lp. Brovcuton /tady II. xii. 4
The first despoilment is..to be attributed to the picty or
rapacity of Stilicho. 1873 L. Wattace /air God vil. xiv.
541 ‘Lhe city, beautiful in its despoi!ment.
+ Despo'liate, v. Ods. [f. ppl. stem of L. dé-
spoliare to DespotL.] = Dersporr. z,
1620 VENNER /"fa Recta ii. 40 It doth... enfeeble and dis-
poliate [the liver] of it’s sanguifying facultie. 1656 BLounr
Glossogr , Despoliate, to spoil, rob, or pil.
Despoliation (d4pdlizicfon’. [ad. L. despo-
liation-em, n. of action from déspoldire to DESI OIL.)
‘The action of despoiling ; despoilment.
1657 Putts, Despoliation, a robbing or spoiling. 1830
J. G. Strutr Sylva Brit. 136 Vhe Wallace Oak seems
destined. .to share their fate of despoliation. 1894 J. Barven
Hist, Coll. S. Somerset 110 The despoliation of alien priories
in the time of Henry V.
Despond (dispgnd), v.! [ad. L. désponde-re
to give up, yield, resign, déspondére animum, later
simply despondére to lose heart, despond; f. DE-
I. 2b + spondére to promise. The form follows
respond which came through French.]
tntr. To lose heart or resolution; to become de-
pressed or dejected in mind by loss of confidence
or hope. (Distinguished from despazr as not ex-
pressing entire hopelessness.) Sometimes with of
(cf. to despair of).
1655 CroMWELL Sfeech to Parlt. 22 Jan., I did not at all
despond but the stop put upon you.. would have made
way fora blessing from God. 1656 Brount Glossogr., Des-
fond .. also to fail in courage or despair. Lord Protectors
Speech. 1696 Tate & Brapy /’s. cxxvi. 6 Though he de-
spond that sows the grain. 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 1.
819 The Learned Leaches. .shake their Heads, desponding
of their Art. 1765 H. WALPOLE O¢vanto v.(1798)79, | thought
it right not to let my young lady despond. 1855 MacauLay
Hist. Eng. V1. 686 The friends of the government de-
sponded, and the chiefs of the opposition were sanguine.
1860 Lit. Churchinan VI. 222/1 Are we, then, to despond
of the victory?
+ Despornd, v.2 Ods.—° [f. L. déspondére (sce
prec.) in sense ‘to promise in marriage, betroth,
engage’.] (See quot. Perh. never used in Eng.).
1656 BLount Glossogr., Despond, to betroth or promise in
marriage. /id., Despondency, a promise in marriage.
Despond (déspp'nd), sb. arch. Also 7 dis-. [f.
DesponDv.!] The act of desponding ; despondency.
1678 Bunyan Pilger. 1. 12 This Miry slough .. called the
Slough of Dispond [cad/éd p. 10 Slough of Dispondency].
1684 /did. 11. 2x But when Christiana came up to the Slow
of Despond, she began to be ata stand. 67a. 11. 200 Our
Disponds, and slavish Fears. :
Despondence (disppndéns). [f. L. despon-
dére, pr. pple. daspondént-em: see -ENCE.] The
action of desponding; also (less correctly) =DeE-
SPONDENCY.
1676 Hate Contemfpl. 1. Of Afftictions (R.), Bear up
thyself. .from fainting and despondence. 1708 Brit, Apollo
No. 76. 1/1 Affront him not .. by a Despondence of his
Mercy. 1794 Gopwin Cad. Williams 269 My fits of
despondence, 1832 Lytron Eugene A. u. i, Feelings which
forbid despondence. 1845 Lp. Camppett Chancellors (1857)
IV. Ixxvi. 34 Instead of indulging in despondence .. he em-
ployed his time with well-directed industry.
Despondency ! (d¢spp ndénsi). Also 7 dis-.
[f. as prec. + -ENCY.] ‘Ihe state or condition of
being despondent ; depression or dejection of spirits
through loss of resolution or hope.
1653 H. More Conject. Cabbai. (1662) 16x Anger, Zeal,
[f. as prec. +
DESPONDENT.
Indi ion .. Des; i iation.
ym gripe Nong res) 761 Renineh oy ——
and sottish despondencies of mind. mtg Bepran Pilgr. U.
161 They fell to demolishing Doubting-Castle .. and in it ..
they found one Mr. Dispondencie. .and one Much-afraid his
Daughter. 1748 Anson's Voy. 1. ii. 16 The peevishness and
despondency which. .contrary winds, and a lingring voyage
--create, 1838 Tuirtwatt Greece Ww. xxxiv. 326 The
spondency with which the Greeks viewed the situation.
1866 Geo, Exior F. Holt 1. iv. 94 In a tone of despondency.
Despo:ndency 2, Ots.—° See Desponp v.%
De + (désppndént), a.and sé. [ad. L.
déspondént-em, pr. pple. of déspondére to DESPOND :
see -ENT. °
1. Characterized by loss of heart or resolution ;
labouring under mental depression ; desponding.
a 1699 W. Bates Fear of God xv. (R.\, For a despondent
sinner to think. .that God will triumph in the mere torments
of his creatures .. is a sin equal to atheism. 1
TuHomson Autumn 980 Congregated thrushes. .now shiver-
ing sit On the aad tree, a dull despondent flock. 1800
Mrs. Hervey Alourtray Fam. 1. 272 She sat despondent,
lamenting her own extravagance. 1 Grote Greece u.
xlii. V. 215 Many.. chiefs were not merely apathetic but
despondent in the cause.
2. Of or belonging to despondency.
1844 Dickens Chimes ii, He then made a despondent
gesture with both hands.
1. v, He sat in a despondent attitude.
B. sb, One who desponds.
1812 Soutuey in Q. Rev. VIII. 347 A war which. .the de-
spondents have pronounced hopeless. ax845 Mrs. Bray
Warleigh xxxi. (1884) 242, I am no despondent.
Despondently, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly?.] In
a despondent manner or state.
@ 1677 Barrow Serm, I, ix. 112 (R. Supp.) St. Chrysostom
«. thus despondently concludes. 1795 Lp. AucKLAND Cor.
III. 281, I was thought .. to have talked too despondently.
1881 Miss Brappon 4sfh. II. 117 Edgar consented to be
led despondently back to the house.
Desponder (désppnda1). rare. [f. Desronpy.!
+-ER!.] One who desponds.
1689 Evetyn Mem. (1857) II. 288 More could scarce be
said to encourage desponders. 1737 Swirt /’rof. Badges
Bege. Wks. 1761 ILI. 344, [ama desponder in my nature.
sponding, v/. sd. [f. as prec. + -ING!.]
The action of the verb Desponn, q.v.
1818 Blackw. Mag. 1V.1 The..gloomy despondings, which
deform and darken the native majesty of Byron,
Despo'nding, ///.a. [f.as prec. + -ING?.] That
desponds; losing or having lost heart or resolution.
1688 Deyvven Srit. Rediv. 258 Desponding Peter sinking
in the waves. ax690 E. Hopkins /.xfos. Lord's Prayer
(R.), With no tormenting, carking, and desponding thoughts.
1746-7 Hervey Med?t, (1818) 195 Why should desponding
fears oppress your souls? 1828 Scorr /. M. Perth viii, The
Glover seemed particularly desponding. 1843 J. Martineau
Chr. Life (1867) 63 The desponding are generally the indo-
lent and useless. 1868 Mitman St. Paul's 348 The weak
and desponding defence of a lost cause.
b. Causing despondency, dispiriting. rare.
1800 /yzisible Man I. 113 Accounts the more desponding
to me, as he informs me he shall be here to-morrow.
Comb, 1803 Beppors //ygeia x. 5 His desponding-mad
Ophelia, his raving-mad Lear, his jealous-mad Othello,
Despo-ndingly, a/v. [f. prec. +-Ly%.] In
a desponding manner ; with dejection of spirits.
1656 Biount Glossogr., Despondingly, desperately, out of
hope. 1706 Lond, Gaz. No. 4226/1 We begin to talk very
despondingly of its Success, 1840 Marryatr Olla Podr.,
SW. and by W. }W., ‘1 sha'n't get any’, replied Jack,
despondingly. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educ. 1V.7/: A friend,
who despondingly expressed his fears that the huge ship
would never reach the water.
[Desponsage, in recent Dicts., error for de-
Spousage: see List of Spurious Words.)
+ Despo:nsate, a. Ols. Also dys-. [ad. L.
désponsat-us, pa. pple. of desponsdre to betroth,
freq. of déspondére: see DESPOND v.7]
1. Contracted or given in marriage, betrothed,
espoused.
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 285 b/2 He shold be the man that
shold be desponsate and maryed to the Vyrgyne Mary.
2. fig. (Alch.) Chemically combined.
1471 Riptey Comp, Alch. 1. in Ashm. (1652) 133 Yet must
theyr El . -wyth El ts of et Bod abe dyspon-
sate. /bid. v1.167 Make them then together tobe Dysponsat,
+ Despo'nsated, f//. a. =prec.
1623 CockeraM, Desfonsated, betrothed.
+Desponsa‘tion. 00s. Also dis-, dys-.
[ad. L. désponsation-em (also in OF. desponsa-
tion) betrothal, n, of action from désponsdre: see
a salty
1, The action of contracting in marriage; be-
trothal. ee hae
a Cou, Myst. ix. (Shaks. Soc. ‘ow xal we procede
to haan sedbo anctin 1649 ben oie Gt. pete ng i. $5
For all this desponsation of her..she had not set one step
toward the consummation of her marriage. 1656 Biounr
Glossogr., Desponsation, an affiance or betrothing.
2. fig. (Alch.) Chemical combination.
1471 Riptey Comp. Alch. in Ashm. (1652) 187 The lesse
of the Spryts there be in thys dysponsation The rather
thy Calcynatyon. .shall thou make.
+ Despo‘nsion. Obs. rare. [ad. L. déspon-
stdn-em, n. of action from déspondére to DESPOND,
despair.] Desponding, despondency.
1640 Burces Serm, Gute To cure them. .of this desper-
ate desponsion of mind,
256
+Despornsories, sb. pl. Obs. Also7 despon-
sorios, desposories. [ad. Sp. desfosorios espous-
al, betrothal, f. desposar to affiance:—L. désponsare
(after which the word is modified in English).
Chiefly used in relation to the proposed Spanish
marriage of Charles I.]
1. Betrothal, or a ceremony in celebration of it.
¢1645 Hower Left. I. m1. xxii, The eighth of.. -
ber is appointed to be the day of Desponsories, the of
affiance, or the betrothing day. 1659 Rusuw. Hist, Coll.
I. tos The delay of the Desponsorio’s will grieve the
rincess,
2. A document formally declaring a betrothal.
1626 in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1659) I. 253 The Prince ..
left the powers of the Desponsories with the Earl of Bristol,
to be delivered upon the return of the Dispensation from
Rome, which the King of Spain insisted upon. 1647 CLarEN-
pon /ist, Reb. 1. (1702) 1. 30 The Prince having left the
Desponsorios in the hands of the Earl of Bristol. ax
Hackxet Ap. Williams 1. (1692) 155 Mr. Edward Clerke,
| who was sent..to the Earl of Bristol, to stop the powers he
1888 Miss Brapvon /atal Three |
had for the dispatch of the expected desposories,
Desport, obs. form of Disport sé. and v.
+ Despose, v. Ols. rare. [a. OF. desposer,
occas. var. of défoser, from the F. confusion of
des-,de-; see DE-6.] trans. To depose, put down,
lay down.
1587 Go.tpinG De Mornay xvi. 255 What would he thinke
but that he were desposed from the Throne? 1598 E. Gitpin
Skial. (1878) 43 And now their box complexions are des-
pos'd. 1603 Florio Montague 111. ix. (1632) 536 Into whose
hx I might despose, and. .resigne the.. managing of my
goods.
Despose, obs. form of Dispose v.
Despot de'sp/t). Also 6 dispotto, 7 despote.
[a. OF. despot (14th c.), modF. despote, ad. Gr. 5ea-
nétns (med.L. despota, -(us) master, lord, despot.
In sense 1 partly after It. d¢sfoto, in Florio desporta,
‘a lord, a lordlike governour ’.]
1. //ist. A word which, in its Greek form, meant
‘master’ or ‘lord’ (e.g. of a household, of slaves),
and was applied to a deity, and to the absolute ruler
ofa non-free people; in Byzantine times it was used
of the Emperor, and, as representing Lat. magzster,
in various official titles, also as a form of address
( = domine my lord) to the emperor, to bishops, and
especially to patriarchs; from the time of Alexius
Comnenus it was the formal title of princes of the
imperial house ; in the sense ‘lord’ or ‘ prince’, it
was borne, after the Turkish conquest, by the petty
Christian rulers of dependent or tributary provinces,
as the despots of the Morea or of Servia ( = Servian
hosfodar). It was in this later application that the
word was first known in the Western languages.
(In modern Greek, dear6rns is the ordinary appellation of
a bishop.)
1562 J. Suute Cambini's Turk, Wars (tr. from Italian)
20 Thomas Paleologo. abstained from that title..and con-
tented himselfe with the only title of the Dispotto of Morea.
1585 IT. Wasnincton tr. Nicholay's Voy. ui. ii. 71 b, Taken
awaye from his father John Castriot Despot of devia, 1
Greene Perimedes 11 The Despot of Decapolis and his
wife. lost their way. 1603 Knoties Hist, Turks (1638) 112
He was both by the Patriarch and the yong Emperor
honored with the title of the Desfof, another step vnto the
Empire. 1614 Seven 7itles Hon, 122 The Desfot was the
heire or successor apparant of the Constantinopolitan Empire
(vnderstand, of the times since Alexius Comnenus, though
before him it were a generall name, as Afy Lord). 1656
Biount Géossogr., Among the ancient Greeks, he that was
next to the Em » was, by a general name, called
Despotes. 1755 Jounson, Desfot, an absolute prince ; one
that governs with unlimited authority. This word is not in
use, except as applied to some Dacian —s as the despot
of Servia. 1788 Gipson Dec?. & F. liii. V. 485 To their
favourite sons or brothers, they imparted the more loft
appellation of Lord or Despot, which was illustrated
new ornaments and prerogatives, and placed
Oe ae ee, a ky ee
x
DESPOTISM.
1857 Hucues Tom Brown Pref. (1871) 12 Which divides
boys into despots and slaves. 7 Momar Voltaire (1886)
82 Voltaire .. never rose above simple political concep-
tion of an eastern tale, a good-tem; despot with a sage
vizier.
3. Comb,
C. G. Prowrrt Prometh. Bound despot-
lot'ts all things framed to viclence? oe
t (despptet). Also -ate. [a. F. des-
potat, ad. med.L. *despolatus; see DESPo' and
-ATE.] The dominion of a Greek despot under the
Turks; a principality.
despotat of Epirus. 1883 ruil. Hellenic Stud. Oct. 2
A-semi-ind dent d of Epirus continued to exist
for more than a hundred years after that time.
+ Despotee’. Obs. [cf. OF. despotee court of a
despot, desfotie lordship, despotat; cf. Gr. deand-
zea lordship, despotism.) = prec.
1656 Eart Mon. Advt. fr. Parnass. 361 In the Grecian
Empire, whose division into several despotees..did. .throw
open the gatestome.
spotic (despg'tik), a2. Also 7 despotique,
8 despotick. [a. F. despotigue (Oresme, 14th'c.),
ad. Gr. dernotinds, f. beowérns Despor: see -I0.]
Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of a despot, or
despotism ; arbitrary, tyrannical.
1650 Hospes De Cor. Pol. 58 From whence eth
Dominion, Paternall, and Despotique. 1720 Gay Poems
(1745) II. 31 Where guardian laws despotic power restrain.
1751 Jounson Rambler No. 142 ? 10 Bluster has therefore
a despotick authority in many families. 1825 Lams Elia
Ser. . Convalescent, He lay and acted his despotic fancies.
1844 Emerson Lect., Yung. Amer. Wks. (Bohn) II. 298 The
patriarchal form of government readily becomes despotic.
1856 Grote Greece 1. xciv. (1869) XII. 10 marg., He be-
comes Asiatized and despotic. a 1863 Austin Furispr. (ed.
4) I. 283 The — importing praise, and the epithet
despotic importing blame, they who distinguish govern-
ments into free and despotic suppose that the first are better
than the second.
Hence Despo‘ticly adv. = DESPOTICALLY.
169. Ad Populum Phalere 1, 13 That Noah's Heirs
ha might rule.
+ Despo'tical, z. Ods. Also 8 -all. [f. as
prec. + -AL.] = DeEsporic.
1608 D. T. Ess. Pol. & Mor, 68 Free'd themselves whollie
from that Despotical kind of government. 1641 Mitton
Reform. u. (1851) 53 Under the despoticall rule of the
Monarch. 1 cKE Govt. 1. xv. § 172 Despotical Power
is an absolute, arbitrary Power one Man has over another.
1776 Avam Situ W. N. un. ii. (1869) I. 326 Of the most
free as well as of the most despotical [governments].
J. Rocers Axntipopopr. w. iii. 183 Despotical speaking
acting of the clergy.
Despo
Ly *.]
power.
1681 Whole Duty Nations 53 Despotically to command,
or compel, is not ofthe nature of*True Christian. . Religion.
1765 Biackxstone, Comm, 1, 234 A onechy Sees one
despotically regal. 1814 Scott Wav, xix, The great man
his neighbourhood . . ruling despotically over a small clan.
1860 Sat, Rev. IX. 137/2 In despotically governed mon-
archies,
‘ticalness. O/s. [f. as prec. vee |
(despg'tikali), adv. [f. prec. +
In a despotic manner; with absolute
+ De
The quality of being despotic; despotic mode
action ; oe pan “ .
Myst. Lniq. gratified hi
witha Despotcanss om the frien 3 Parl, Dissoted
t Despotical
the Grand Seignites of the Republic” 3698 i. Faaoussos
View Eccles. 106 Tools of Despotical or D ical
Demagogues in Politicks. .
(de'spgtiz’m). [a. F. despotisme
(Dict. Acad. 1740): see Despor and -1sM.
1. The rule of a despot ; despotic government ;
the exercise of absolute authority.
: Cuamners Cyel., Despotism, ic government.
istrated wit! 1736 Penne Pind Nae. Soc, Wis. 1.96 The simplest form
v is di i inferior orbs of
y
after the person of the emperor himself. 1819 T. Hore
Anastasius (1820) II. x. 203 (Stanf.), I am bearer of letters
to the despots [bishops of the Greek Church] and proéstis
of our different islands,
2. After ancient Greek use: An absolute ruler of
a country; hence, by extension, any ruler who go-
verns absolutely or tyrannically; any person who
exercises tyrannical authority; a tyrant, an op-
pressor,
(The modern use, which is usually hostile, according to
Mason, quoted by Todd, came into prominence at the peri
of the French Revolution ; ‘the French revolutionists have
been very liberal in conferring this title ’.) :
(61x Corcr., Despote, a Despote ; the chiefe or soueraigne
Lord of a Countrey. 1755 (see sense 1).] 1781 Cowrer
Expost. 370 Hast thou .. returned... A despot big with
po er obtained by wealth? 1784 -—~- Zask vy. 311 But is it
it .. that aman .. Should be a d absolute, and boast
Himself the only freeman of his land? 1795 Soutney Yoan
of Arc x. 444 When — o'er his legion slaves on Greece,
"he eastern despot ridged the Hellespont. x: Burke
Regic. Peace iv. Wks. IX. 104 The friends of Jacobins are no
longer di ; the betrayers of the common cause are no
longer traitors! 1841 W. Spaupine /taly § Jt. /sd. IL. 181
Which coincided in date with several other SD gre against
Italian desp 1841 Ev Hist. Ind, I. 159 The
intercourse between those princes was highly characteristic
go’ P , where
wer are moved merel. the will of the Supreme. 1817
ENTHAM Swear not ar oy Wks 1843 V. 222 Next to the
evils of anarchy, are the evils of despotism. 1857 ‘Toutm.
Sairu_ Parish 364 The worst form of despotism is the silent
enslaving of a nation by F rv and Bi cracy.
a 1862 Buckie Civili, (1873) ILI. iv. 192 These very circum-
stances, which guarded the people against political ism
Tiernan tec Man ise, ta Demetees ae Dasa
AWLINSON Anc, Mon., Hist. 22 simplest,
coarsest, and rudest of all the forms of civil vee.
effective
Ty government.
1856 Sir B. Bropie Psychol. wy Sa — It siocatoat sep
has
a civil war could end only in a de
bbe A aig is a desp
unwilling su n
8. fg. Absolute power or control; rigid re-
straint.
potism do empty names
dominion over the human mind !
Wks. (Bohn) I. 43 Under the primeval of
1848 Hattam Mid. Ages ii. Note vii (1855) 1.
of Asiatic d ts. 1841-4 Emerson Zss., Comp
his wry
Frank of wealth and courage was a despot within his sphere,
DESPOTIST.
De'spotist. [f.as prec.+-1sT.] An advocate
or supporter of despotism.
1857 Kincstey Life & Lett. (1879) II. 66 And I must
become as thorough a despotist and imperialist as Strafford
himself. 1863 E. Warp Caftiv. Poland 1. 129 Mr. Carlyle
+8 philosophical despotist.
Despotize (de'spftaiz), v. [f. as prec. + -128 ;
in mod.F. despotiser (Littré).] zntr. To act the
part of a despot ; to rule as a despot.
1799 Chron, in Ann, Reg. 288 Despotizing over those
nations which will not submit. 1809 CoLeRipGE Friend (1866)
215 He despotized in all the pomp of patriotism. 1876 Moztry
Univ. Serm.i.16 Kings and Emperors. .anxious to despotise
over their brethren.
Despotoreracy. nonce-wd. [-cracy.] Govern-
ment by a despot ; the rule of a despot.
a@1860 T. Parker Wks, V. 262 (D.) Despotocracy, the
worst institution of the middle ages .. came over the water.
+Despotomaniac. monce-wd. [See -MANIA.]
One who has a mania in favour of despots ; a¢tr7z).
having such a mania.
1825 Blackw. Mag. XVIII. 690 We value liberty too highly
to cram it like a nauseous potion down the throat of any
Despoto-maniac patient.
+ Despou'sage. Ols. [f. Desrousrz.+ -acE:
cf. espousage, spousage.| Betrothal; espousal.
@1587 Foxe A. §& M. (1596) 103/2 Ethelbert King of the
Eastangles..went..to King Offa for despousage of Athilrid
his daughter,
+ Despou'se, v. Ods. [ad. L. désponsire to
betroth (see DesPoNnsATE), on the model of spouse
:-OF. esposer:—L. sponsare.] trans. To promise
in marriage, to betroth ; to give or take in marriage,
to marry; =EspousE v. 1, 2. Also fig.
1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 203 Ly wip me, for to
day bow despousedest and weddest me. —¢ 1440 CarGRAVE
Life St. Kath, uw. 1028 She desireth bat pou shalt now
wyth a ryng Despouse hir to thi-self for euere-more. 1526
Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 187, I haue despoused you to
a noble man. 1543 Wecess. Doctr. in Formul. Faith Biij,
A virgin, which was despoused or ensured to a man, whose
name was Joseph. 1609 Biste (Douay) 1 A/acc. x. 56 Meete
me at Ptolemais, that..I may despouse her to thee.
Jig. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 3 Whan he de-
spoused theyr soules in fayth & ledde them in hope out of
pt.
ence Despou'sed /#/. a., Despou'sing v4/. 33;
also Despou'ser, one who gives in marriage.
1609 Biste (Douay) Song. Sol. iii. 11 In the day of his
despousing. 1635 Heywoop /ierarch. v. 308 Chastitie the
Contract, Vertue the Despouser.
Despoyl(e, -poyly, -puile, obs. ff. Drsporn.
Despraise, Despread, Desprise: see Dis-.
Despu'mate, f//.a. [ad. L. déspiimat-us pa.
pple. of déspiimare: see next.]
1883 Syd. Soc, Lex., Despumate, freed from froth and im-
purities; clarified ; purified.
Despumate (dispizme't, de'spizme't), v. [f.
L. déspiimat-, ppl. stem of déspiimare to skim, f.
De- I. 2 + sfuma foam, froth, scum, sfimare to
froth.] ;
1. ¢rans. To skim ; to free (a liquid) of the scum,
froth, or other impure part ; to clarify by removing
the scum.
1641 Frencu Disti/?. iv. (1651) 95 Take of Honey well
despumated as much as you please. 1718 Quincy Comfi.
Disp. 34 The Honey is order’d to be clarify’d or despu-
mated. 1756 P. Browne Jamaica 112 Used among the
French to despumate and granulate their sugars. 1757
Water in Phil. Trans. L. 128 When it was despumated,
a new cremor always succeeded.
2. intr. (for refl.) To throw off its froth or scum;
to become clarified by this process.
1733 CHEYNE Exg. Malady 304 (L.) That discharge ..will
help it the sooner and faster to despumate and purify. 1883
in Syd. Soc, Lex.
3. trans. To throw off as froth.
1733 Cuevne Eng. Malady 360 (L.) They were thrown
off ag despumated upon the larger emunctory and open
glands.
Hence Despumated £#/. a.
1661 Lovett Hist. Anim. § Min. 83 The sanies of it rosted,
with despumated Honey, helps the Glaucoma. 1883 Syd.
Soc. Lex., Despumated honey. ;
Despumation. [ad. L. déspiimdation-em, n.
of action from ng comes see prec. In F. despu-
mation (1616 in Hatzf.).]
1. The removal of froth or scum from a liquid ;
the condition of being freed from scum; clari-
fication.
, 1612 WoopaLt Surg, Mate Wks. (1653) 270 Despumation
is when spume or froth floating on the top, is taken away
with a spoon, feather, or by colation. 1710 T, FuLLER
Pharm, Extemp, 21 Honey. -boil’d to a perfect Despuma-
tion. 1883 in Syd. Soc, Lex. “
2. The expulsion of impure matter from the fluids
of the body; the matter thus despumated.
ee Se — —<——
.shall_ be
257
3. ~/. Skimmings, scum, froth, foam. ;
1669 Addr. Yng. Gentry Eng. 51 Here you see another
Cytherea born cut of the despumations of our seas of wine.
+Despume (dispi#m), v. Obs. [ad. L. déspii-
mare (see DESPUMATE), or a. F, despumer (16th c.).]
1, trans. To skim; to clear of froth or scum.
¢1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 90 Of hony despumed [z. ». di-
spumed)] oz. iiij. ¢1§53 in Hartlib Legacy (1655) 232 Take
your Alewort..and into it put of good Honey despumed..a
pound and a half. 1623 Cockeram, Despume, to take vp
the scum of athing. 1655in Hartlib Ref, Comm. Bees 36
Let the tryall be made with about a gallon of Honey, de-
spume it. 1743 Lond. § Country Brew. u. (ed. 2) 146 Salting
the Water, and despuming as fast as it appears.
2. intr, Of a liquid: To cast up a scum or froth.
1613 R. Cawprey Zable Alph. (ed. 3), Despume, fome, or
cast vp a scumme,
Hence Despumed ///. a.
1601 Hottanp Pliny xxu. xxiv, Made .. of despumed and
clarified hony.
Despute, obs. var. of Dispute.
Despyne in forke despyne : see PORCUPINE,
Desquamate (deskwame't), v. [f. L. désgaa-
miat-, ppl. stem of désgudmare (trans.) to remove the
scales from, to scale, f. DE- I. 2 + sguama scale (of
a fish, reptile, etc.).]
+1. trans. To take the scales off, clear from
scales, peelings, or loose cuticle ; to scale, peel.
1740 Dycue & Parpon Desguamate, to scrape off the fins
from fish ; and in Surgery, to scale off the corrupt or shat-
tered part of bones.
2. zntr. To come off in the form of scales; to
scale off, exfoliate, ‘ peel’. :
1828 Compe Const, Max iii. (1835) 99 As anatomists call it,
desquamating ; by which they mean, that the cuticle. .comes
off in squamz or scales. 1878 T. Bryant Pract, Surg. 1.
53 The cuticle always desquamates.
Hence De‘squamated ///. a., scaled off; freed
from scales or cuticle, peeled.
1727 Baitey vol. II, Desguamated, scaled, having the
Scales taken off. 1845-6 G. E. Day tr. Sison's Anim.
Chem. 1. 107 Piutti removed all the desquamated cuticle.
1884 Bower & Scotr De Bary's Phaner. 556 They traverse
and support each desquamated zone surrounding the peri-
phery of the stem. — ;
Desquamation (deskwimé'‘fon). [noun of
action from prec.: see -ATION. (In French, in
Dict. Trévoux, 1752).]
1. The removal of scales or of any scaly crust.
172x BaiLey, Desguamation (in Surgery) is a scaling of
foul bones. 1727-51 CuamBers Cycl., Desguamation, the
act of slaking or scaling carious Bones. 1755 in JoHNSON.
2. A coming off in scales or scaly patches; esp.
that of the epidermis, as the result of certain
diseases ; exfoliation, ‘ peeling’.
1725 Huxuam in Phil, Trans. XXXIII. 389 The De-
squammation was very slow, the black Crusts adhering
several Days. 1805 W. Saunpvers Min, Waters 105 Obsti-
nate cases of dry desquamations. 1813 J. THomson Lect.
Inflam. 147 Exfoliation or desquamation of the internal
membrane, 1839 Murcuison Si/ur. Syst. 1. xxxix. 540
Granite is so prone to desquamation, that nearly all granitic
chains are topped with rounded masses, which, though
really in situ, have often the appearance of being bowlders.
1880 BEALE re ee Ailm. 28 The desquamation and falling
off of a good deal of epithelium. 1888 7 ves 14 Apr. 11
Another child..was in the stage of desquamation.
attrib, 1883 Quain Dict. Med.s.v. Scarlet Fever, The
desquamation-period .. is also spoken of as occupying the
second week. awe:
3. That which is cast off in scales.
1565-73 Coorer Thesaurus, Aposirmata Phisitions call De-
squamations, 1755 Jounson, Rust, the red desquamation
of old iron. . i
Desquamative (diskwe'mativ), a. [f. L.
désquamiat- (see above) + -IVE.] Tending to or
characterized by desquamation, as in desguamative
nephritis, pneumonia, etc.
Dr. G. Jounson in Medico-Chirurg. Trans. XXX.
170 To the form of renal disease here described as occurring
in connection with scarlatina I propose to give the name of
acute desquamative nephritis. 1876 tr. Wagner's Gen.
Pathol. 285 Cheesy pneumonia..proceeds .. from true de-
squamative pneumonia.
Desqua'matory, a. & sd. [f. as prec. + -ory.]
A. adj. Of or pertaining to desquamation.
1634 T. ee Parey's Chirurg. x. v. (1678) 231 This
one with a scaling or Desquamatory ‘l'repan.
1837 PLumpe Dis. Skin (L.), The desquamatory stage now
gins.
B. sé. A desquamatory trepan.
1668 R. L’Esrrance Vis. Quev. (1708) 28 In the tail of
these, came the Surgeons, laden with Pincers, Crane-bills,
Catheters, Desquamatories. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Desgua-
matory, an old form of trephine for removing exfoliations
from bones.
+ Desqua'me, v. Obs.-° [ad. L. désguama-re
(see DESQUAMATE).] ¢vans. =DESQUAMATE 1.
1623 CockEram, Desguame, to scale a fish, 1731 Baiey,
1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. v1. 164 By .. D: ion
I would have nothing else understood, than the Expulsion
or Separation of the febrile matter now brought under and
as it were conquered. 1733 CHEyNe Eng. Malady u. v. § 8
(1734) 164 The..Glands_ me loaded with the Despuma-
tion of the whole Habit. 1802 Patey Nat. Theol. xxvi,
The fluids of the body appear to p a power of sep
ing and expelling any noxious substance which may have
mixed itself with them. This they do, in eruptive fevers, by
— of desp ‘ion, as Sydenh sit. 1802 Beppors
lygeia viii, 158.
Vou, III.
9 é, to take off, or scrape off es.
Desray, obs. form of Drray.
+ Dess, sd.' Obs. Also desse. [a. OF. dezs,
dais, Dais.]_ 1. Obs. form of Dats.
2. A desk.
1552 Hutoet, Desse or lecturne to laya boke on, amédonus.
1596 Spenser /. Q. Iv. x. 50 A bevie of fayre damzels
..Wayting when as the Antheme should be sung on hye.
The first of them did seeme of yeares .. And next to
her sate goodly Shamefastnesse, Ne ever durst her eyes
DESSERT.
— ground upreare, Ne ever once did looke up from her
esse.
Dess (des), 5b.2 Sc. and north. dial. Also dass.
[Of doubtful origin: cf. Icel. des in hey-des hay-
rick ; but the sense ‘ layer’ suggests that the word
is identical with prec. (OF. dezs, dazs raised plat-
form or floor.)]
1. A stratum, a layer.
1674-91 Ray N.C, Words 139 First they take the mine
picked from the Desse or Rock. 1798 Statist. Acc. Stir-
tings. XV. 327 (Jam.) Then rs strata of muirstone rise above
each other to the summit of the Fells ..in the face of the
braes, they go by the name of dasses or gerrocks. 1818 Hocc
Brownie of B. U1. 61\ Jam.) They soon reached a little dass
in the middle of the linn, or what an Englishman would call
a small landing-place. 1876 Ropinson Whitby Gloss., Dess,
a layer of piled substances; a course in a building. ‘ Laid
up in desses’, laid tier upon tier. 1891 ATKINSON Moorland
Parish 55 He'd getten a haill dess o’ shaffs .. and was rife
for another dess.
2. (See quots. )
1788 Marsuatt Provincialisms of E. Yorksh. in Ratral
Economy (E. D.S.\, Dess, a cut of hay. 1875 Lancash.
Gloss., Dess (Fylde distr.) a pile, applied to straw. 1878
Cumbrid. Gloss., Dess, a pile, a heap ; a truss of hay.
Dess, v. worth. dial. [f. DEss 56.2]
1. trans. To arrange in a layer or layers; to
pile up in layers.
1641 Best Farm, Bhs. (Surtees) 139 The usuall way for
dessinge of strawe. 1674-91 Ray N.C. Words 20 Desse,
to lay close together: to desse Wool, Straw, &c. 1787
Grosk Prov. Gloss., Desse,..in Cumb., to put in order, 1788
Marsuaty Provincialisms of E. Vorksh., Dess up, to pile
up neatly, 1851 Crnbrdd. Gloss., Dess, to lay carefully
together. 1855 Rosinson Whitby Gloss., Dess'd uf, piled up.
2. To cut (a section of hay) from a stack.
1787 Grose Prov. Gloss. 1847-78 in HALLIweLL.
3. dtr. To work in astratum or strata; to hew out
particular strata or layers from the face of a
cliff.
1876 Ropinson HW hithy Gloss. s.v., ‘They're dessing for jet’,
i.e, hacking it out of the layers or desses, when it occurs. .
on the face of the cliff. 1882 Good Cheer 61 You knew he
was getting jet, dessing in Helabeck Bight yonder,
De'ssably, adv. north. dial. (Cf. Dessantry.]
1674-91 Ray NV. C. Words, Dessably, constantly. 1855
Rosinson Whitby Gloss., Dessably, orderly in point of
arrangement. ‘
Dessait, -ate, -ayte, obs. ff. DEcrrt.
+ Dessantly, adv. Obs. rare. [Etymol. un-
certain ; cf, Dess v., DessELy.] Continuously.
¢1400 Leryn 790 In whose tyme sikirlich, be vii. sagi
were In Rome dwelling dessantly. /é2. 1563 Ffor thre da
dessantly be derknes a-mong hem was.
Dessaue, -ayfe, -ayue, obs. ff. DECEIVE.
Dessayse, -seize, obs. ff. DISEASE, DissEIzr.
Desse, var. of Drss sd.1
Dessece, -eit, obs. ff. DECEASE, DrEcrIr.
+ Dessely, adv. Obs. Also-lic,-li. [Cf Dress
v., DESSABLY.] Continuously.
@ 1300 Cursor A/, 11406 (Cott.) Did pam in a montain dern
Desselic to wait pe stern. bd. 17719 (Cott.) Desseli to god
praiand, Wit sacrifijs and wit offrand. /déd. 19033 (Cott.)
.. desseli bath late and are War tentand to be apostels
are, bid. 26881 (Cott.) Als if he desseli did ill.
Dessende, -ente, obs. ff. Descenp, Descen’.
Dessert (déza-it). Also 7-8 desert, 8 des-,
disart. [a. F. dessert (Estienne 1539) ‘ removal of
the dishes, dessert’, f. desservir to remove what has
been served, to clear (the table), f. des-, L. dis- +
servir to serve.]
1. A course of fruit, sweetmeats, etc. served after
a dinner or supper; ‘the last course at an enter-
tainment’ (J.).
1600 W.VauGuan Direct. Health (1633) 11. ix. 54 Such eating,
which the French call desert, is unnaturall. 1666 Pepys Diary
12 July, The dessert coming, with roses upon it, the Duchesse
bid him try. 1708 W. Kinc Cookery 261 ’Tis the dessert
that graces all the feast. 1739 R. But tr. Dedehindus’
Grobianus 96 \f the Guests may pocket the Desart. 1834
Lytron Pompei? w. iii, The dessert or last course was already
on the table. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4)
II. 69 The Medlar.. when in a state of incipient decay is
employed for the dessert. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) III.
696 Pleasant kinds of dessert, with which we amuse ourselves
after dinner. y :
b. ‘In the United States often used to include
pies, puddings, and other sweet dishes’ (Cent. Dict.).
1848-60 in Bartietr Dict, Amer. 1887 Scribner's Mag.
(Farmer), The pastry-cook [in Paris] is very useful. e
supplies..such dessert (I use the word in the American
sense) as an ordinary cook could not be expected to make.
2. attrib, and Comb. Dessert-knife, -plate,
-spoon, etc., those used for the dessert; a dessert-
spoon is intermediate in size between a table-spoon
and a tea-spoon; dessert-service, the dishes,
plates, and other requisites used in serving
dessert.
1773 Dovuatass in Phil. Trans. LXIII. 294 It is a common
desert wine. 1860 Al/ Year Round No. 40. 564 An eye as
large as a dessert-plate. 1861 Detamer A7tch. Gard. 144
Dessert apples and kitchen apples can hardly be distinguished.
1870 Ramsay Rein. vi. (ed. 18) 203 The servant..put down
..a dessert-spoon. 1875 Ham. Herald 13 Nov. 30/2 Take
..one dessertspoonful of allspice.
Desseyse, -eyt, -eyue, obs. ff. Drczasr, Dr-
ceIT, DECEIVE.
33*
gis
ys.
DESSIATINE.
|| Dessiatine, desyatin (de'syitin). Also
dessatine, desaetine, dessjaetine. [ad. Russ,
jecatirHa desyatina lit. ‘ tenth, tithe’.] A Russian
superficial measure of 2400 sazhens.
ied W. Tooke View Russian Emp. 11. 345 A desaetine
a half of land was bought, with the boors upon it, 1814
W. Brown Hist, Propag. Chr. U1. 542 A dessatine contains
117,600 Lo sq. feet. 1889 tr. 7olstoi's Anna Karénina
166 Insti of sowing down twenty-four =e they
had only planted six. 1892 7¥es 3 Mar. 3/3 Some 15,761
dessiatines of grain-growing land, or .. over 40,000 acres.
(A ‘dessiatine’ being about 29 acres.)
Destai‘n, v. Archaic variant of Distaty.
Destance, obs. f. Distance, variance, disagree-
ment.
Destane, -anye, -ayne, obs. ff. Destine,
Destiny.
+ Desta‘te, v. Ods.. [f. De- II. 2+Srarte sd.]
trans. To divest of state or grandeur,
16.. T. Apams Ws. (1861) I. 430(D.) The king of eternal
lory, to the world’s eye destating himself .. was cast down
or us that we might rise up by him.
Deste, obs. pa. t. of Dasu v.
¢1320 Sir Tristr. 2396 Ouer be bregge he deste.
Destemper, obs. form of D1sTEMPER.
Desten(e, -nie, obs. ff. Destinr, Destiny.
+ Dester. Oés. rare. [a. OF. destre right hand
:—L. dextra.] The right hand.
a 1300 Body & Soul 35 (M&tz.) Thi proude palefreys and thi
stedes that thou3 haddest in dester (OF. en destre] leddes.
+ Desternute, v. Obs. rare—°. [f. L. dé, Dr-
I. 3+ sternucre, sterniit-, or sterniitare, to sneeze. ]
So Desternu'tament.
1623 CockeraM 1, To sneeze, Desternute.
Desternutament.
+ Deste'rt, v. Obs. rare-°.
cease snoring.]
1623 Cockeram, Desterting, snorting.
Destestable, obs. var. of DETESTABLE.
Desteyne, -nye, obs. ff. Distais, DEstTINE,
DESTINY.
+ De‘sticate, v. Obs. rare—°. [f. ppl. stem |
of L. désticdre to squeak as a shrew-mouse.]
1623 Cockeram, Desticate. to cry like a rat.
Hence Destica‘tion, (vare) squeaking.
1820 Sporting Mag. VII. 119 It was the destication of
a mouse, who..had got himselfan unwelcome visitor in the
cage of my favourite magpye.
Destill, -ation, obs. ff. Dist, DistiLLarion.
+ Destin, destine, s/. Ovs. [a. F. destin
masc. = It., Sp., Pg. destine, or OF. destine fem.
destiny, f. des¢iner to DESTINE.] =Destiny 56.
1575 Crvurcuyarp Chippes (1817) 2tr Makes an ende,
as destine hath assignde. 1g90 T. Watson Death Sir F.
Walsingham, Poems(Arb.) 151 By Destins fatall knife Sweet
Melibceus is depriu'd of life. 1 Marston Sco. Vill. 1.
viii. 211 The Destin’s adamantine band. 1616 Drum™. oF
Hawtn. Song Poems 14 This hold to brave the skies the
Destines framed. — Statue of Adonis, She sighed, and
said: ‘What power breaks Destine’s law?’
+ De'stinable, ¢. Vés. [a. OF. destinable
fatal, f. destiner to DESTINE: see -ABLE.
(Occurs once in MSS. of Chaucer's Boethins, but in 16th
c. edd. is substituted five times for Destinat of the MS.))
Of, pertaining to, or fixed by sete fated, fatal.
Hence De'stinably a/v.(in printed edd.of Chaucer).
©1374 Cuaucer Soeth, 1. pr. vi. (Skeat) lL. 251 He chaseth
out al yvel fro the boundes of his comunalitee — order
of necessitee destinable. 1530 Patscr. 3%0,/1 Destynable,
apoynted to be ones destenye, destinadle. 1530-61 Chau-
cer's Boeth. iv. pr. vi. 219 b/2 (Sk. Le The destinable [MS.
destinal] ordinaunce is wouen and accomplished. /éid.
(Sk. l. 56), The order destinably [MS. destinal] proceedeth of
the simplicitie of purveighaunce. :
+ Destinacy. Oés. [f. L. déstinat-us, désti-
nat-io; see -acy.] Destination, appointment.
1490 Caxton Eneydos xix. 7o The successyon is unto hym |
re te ryghte heredytalle and by veraye destynacy after my
et
+ Destinal, ¢. Ods. [f. Destin sd. or F.
destin + -AL.] Of, pertaining to, or according to
destiny or fate. |
©1374 Cuaucer Boeth. tv. pr. vi. (Skeat) 1. 80 They sur- |
mounten the ordre of destinal moevabletee. /did. v. pr. ii.
4 Elles I wolde witen ¥ of that the destinal cheyne con- |
streineth the movinges of the corages of men? [And three |
other examples. ] |
¥ the 16th c. printed edd. altered to Destinaste.) |
A sneezing,
[ef. L. déstertere to
nonce-wd. [f. Destine v., after
predestinarian.| A believer in destiny.
1838 New Monthly Mag. L11. 52 They seem to be desti-
narians—to have a dull apprehension that everything moves
on in its preordained course, |
+ De'stinate, A/V. a. (sb.) Obs. or arch. [ad.
L. déstinat-us, pa. pple. of déstindre to DestixE.]
1. Fated, ordained ; =Destinep I. a. as pple.
a Alexander 692 So was me destinate [A shim, MS.
destaned] to dy. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxxii, That
northeren winde that is ever ready and destynat to all evel.
1961 T. Norton Caévin's Jnst, 1. 315 They are destinate
to destruction, cx6rxr Cuarman //iad xxiv, 468 The Gods
have desti That wretched mortals must live sad. 1634
Hasincton Castara (Arb.) 107 A small flye By a fooles
finger destinate to dye.
. as xf |
1605 Lond. Prodigal 1. i, That a bad i ma
258
Episc. Asserted 99 (T.) Walo Messalinus, a destinate adver-
to episcopacy. y
"2 Set apart for a particular purpose; ordained ;
intended ;= DESTINED 2, a. as fa. pple.
1610 W. Forxincuam Art of Survey 1. xi. i? Dry stony
la: are destinate to white Saxifrage, je, Lauender.
F. Purturrs Reg. Necess. 199 Admitted into an Inns of
Court, heretofore only destinate and appropriate to the sons
of Nobility.
b. as adj. ‘
1583 Sranynurst Aeneis u. (Arb.) 63 See that you doe
folow youre moothers destinat order. axz619 ForHEersy
Atheom. 1. Pref. (1622) 8 The destinate end, and scope of |
this worke. 1660 Gaupen God's Gt. Demonstr. 35 Wilful
murther and destinate villany,
B. sd. That which is destined; a fated or ap-
pointed event, etc.
1675 R. Burtnoccr Causa Dei 153 Destinates are said to
be in vain, if either they are insufficiently, or not at all,
referred to their Ends.
Destinate (de'stine't), v. Now rare. [f. L.
déstinat-, ppl. stem of déstindre: see Destine v.]
1. ¢rans. To ordain, appoint: = Destine v. 1.
1490 Caxton Eneydos xiii. 47 To doo sacrefyces destynated
ynto the noble goddesse Ceres. 1 Ferne Blas. Gentrie
94 Vsurping that facultye and vocation at the first destinated
as peculiar to gentlemen, 1638 Baker tr. Badsac’s Lett. 1.
(1654) 7 You are destinated to fill the place of that Cardinal.
1712 Lp. Kine Primitive Church 1. 5 He that read the
Scriptures, was particularly destinated to this office. c “re
J. G. Mureny Comm, Lev. i. 4 Laying the hand on is the
solemn act of designating or destinating to a certain purpose.
+b. To doom, sentence (to a punishment) ; to
ordain or appoint (a punishment) to be inflicted.
1579 Fenton Guicciard. v. (1618) 211 Destinated to a more
slow, but to a greater punishment. 1611 Speen ///st. Gt. Brit.
vu. i, (1632) 393 Whom the Priest by casting of lots had
destinated to death. 16a1 G. Sanpys Ovid's Met. xu. (1626)
269 [She] Still Queen-like, destinates his punishment.
L. S. People's Liberty x. 24 To preserve their Bishop Euse-
bius from banishment, to which Valens their Emperour had
destinated him.
2. To appoint or predetermine in the way of fate
or of a divine decree ; fass. to be divinely appointed
or fated; =DESTINE v. 2.
1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. i. (R.) That name
that God. .did destinate and appoynt vnto hym, before the
creation of the worlde. a@ 1617 Bayne On a grid (1658) 156
Christ is a head of those only whom God hath destinated to
convert. 1618 Bo.ton /Vorus Iv. i. 260 The man..to whom
soveraignty was destinated in Sibylls verses. 1651 Wittik
Primreose’s Pop. Err. u. viii. 105 The Turks... doe not
regard the Pestilence, because they thinke that God hath
destinated to every one his manner of death.
b. To determine the destiny of.
1839 Baitey Festus viii. (1848) 91 It is love which mostly
destinates our life. :
3. To devote in intention to a particular purpose
or use ; to intend, design, allot; =DEsTINE v. 3.
1555 Even Decades 157 Suche as they destinate to eate
they geld. 165 G. Sanpys 7rav. 83 Decking their houses
with branches of cypresse: a tree destinated to the dead.
1621 Burton Anat, Me/. 1. ii. ut. xv, We that are bred up
in learning, and destinated by our parents to this end. 1745
tr. Columedia’s Hush. n. xviii, Having plowed up. .the place
we have destinated for a meadow. 1826 Soutney Vind.
Eccl. Angl. 303 If they were not destinated to their pro-
fession from childhood,
+b. pass. To be designed by nature. Oéds.
1578 Banister //ist. Man vu. 108 Nature .. prouided for
the safe conduict of this Nerue, since to the midreif it was
destinated. 1635 Swan Sec. AV. iii. § 3 (1643) 53 The night
.. is destinated or appointed for quiet and sleep, tr.
Amyralius’ Treat. conc. Relig. 1. vi. gt The action of see-
ing, to which the eye is destinated. Ray Creation
* (1714) 262 Birds. . being destinated to fly among the branches
| of trees.
1742 Lond. & Country Brew. 1. (ed. 4) B, Our
Mother Earth .. is destinated to the Service of Man in the
Production of Vegetation.
Hence Destinating wd/. sb. and ppl. a.
1633 Pryxne Histrio-Mastix 1. ii. (R.), The destinating,
and denoting of v fitable .. and vi y inven-
tions. 1652 GAULE Magastrom. 130 To depend upon the
destinating stars.
Destinated (de'stine'téd), pp/. a. arch. or Obs.
f, prec. vb.+ -ED!.] Appointed, predetermined ; —
estined, fated : see prec. vb.
aq R. Cawpreyv Tadle Alph., Destinated, appointed. —
1615 4
RooKE Body of Man 216 The destinated corruption of
the matter. «1649 RUMM. OF
Wks. (1711) ¢ rendevouz and destinated place
5
meeting. 1688 Bovir Final Causes Nat. Things iv. 214
That this .. is the particular destinated use of a thing.
Destination (cestiné-fon).
tidn-em, n. of action from déstindre to DESTINE :
ef. F, destination (12-13th c.) perh. the immediate |
source, It. destinasione.]
1. The action of destining, appointing, foreordain-
| ing, or setting apart to a particular use, —
or end ; the fect of being desti (in m use
influenced by sense 2.)
1598 Fiorio, Destinatione, destination. 1623 CockERAM,
Destination, an appoi 1628 Srencer Logick 208
The flesh of man and beasts dot differ in their proper being,
and Gods destination. 1755 Younc Centaur i.
IV. r1q It is said, there must be heresies.. And why? There
is..no fatal necessity for them, from God's destination.
1762 Kames Elem. Crit, (1763) L. ii. 246 No other branch |
ol
the human constitution shows more visibly our destina-
i ite for fame. 1868 M. Pattison
. . y
bring him to his destinate repentance, a@ 1659 Br. Morton
tion for society. .than te
Acad ~ 120 tt the destination given to these
endowments by their founders was wise and politic,
Hawrtn, Hist, Jas, ia, |
[ad. L. déstina- |
ks. 1757
fe venee
not only in its pote. any but in its destination. 1795 Cuxts-
in Blackstone's Comm, (1809) 1V. 82 Sending intelli-
to the enemy of the destinations and designs
ingdom, in order to assist them in their operations against
7 .. is high es ee Univ. Serm. pr 238
ion ve e O} ce
\ destination above the objects, the employments,
2. spec. The fact of being destined or bound for
a particular place ; hence, short for place of desti-
| nation, the place for which a person or thing is
| destined ; the intended end of a journey or course.
(Now the usual sense.)
1787 Canxninc Microcosm, Mo, 32 P 2 That traveller will
| arrive sooner at his place of destination. 1797 Mrs. Rap-
curre /tadian vi, Anxiety as to the place of her destination.
a1813 Soutney Nelson I. 199 (L.) ‘It [the fleet] has as
many destinations’ he [Nelson] said ‘as there were coun-
tries’, 1828 Wessrer, s.v., The ship left her destination ;
but it is more usual to say, the place of her destination.
1832 Hr. Martineau /redand iii. 45 She..held by his arm
till they arrived at their destination. 1885 Act 48-49 Vict.
c. 60 § 20 Ships. . whose last port of clearance or des-
tination is in any such possession. ercury 27
May 5/1 [He] has at length arrived at his i
3. Sc. Law. a. The nomination, by the will of
the proprietor, of successors to heritable or movable
property in a certain order. b. The series of heirs
succeeding to such property, whether by will or by
the course of law.
1754 Erskine Princ. Sc. Law (1809)
“nally” xs
has had infinite wisdom concern’d
2,
z
Subj ne
moveable become heritable: 1. By the coaen 's
destination. Thus, a jewel, or any other moveable subj
may be provided to heir. 1862 W. Beut Dict.
Scot. s.v., A destination ‘to A. and his heirs of line’, carries
the property to the heir in heritage, exclusive of the heir of
— a ——— to h le exclud — |
aw eports Cases Destinations in favour
an third p : ;: oa La | to be y and
revocable.
Destinator (de'stine'tar). rare. [a. L. désti-
nator, agent-n, from déstindre to DesTINE.] One
who destines ; one who fixes or pronounces a des-
| tiny; a dealer in destinies.
3879 J. Jones Preserv. Bodie & Soul 1. xii. 94 Detestable
Southsayers, and dissembling destinators. 1610 Br. WesBE
Posie Spir. Flowers, Vime's Creator and destinator,
Destine (de'stin), v. Forms: 4-5 destayn(e,
-6 -ten, 5 -tan(e, -teyne, 5-6 -tyne, 6 -tyng,
destine. [a. F. destiner (12th c. in Hatz.-
Darm.), ad. L, déstindre to make fast or firm,
establish, destine, f. Dr- I. 3 + *standre, causal
deriv. of stare to stand.]
+1. évans, To ordain, appoint (formally or de-
finitely). Ods. (or aged in 2, sy pen
Destr. 7: t eynid dome,
| Pkg trie ie Thay a ermyt bit fully. 1613 J. Sarketp
Treat, Angels 80 [Angels] destined for the perpetuall moti
of the heavens. ne Hume Hist. Eng. 1. x. 105 His ap-
panage, which the king had destined him, 288: Dur-
FieLD Don Quix. 1. xxv. 344 This is the place, on
heavens ! which I destine and select for bewailing
misfortune.
2. As the act of the Deity, Fate, or a supernatural
power: To appoint or fix beforehand, to predeter-
mine by an terable decree or ordinance. Now
chiefly in fass.: To be divinely appointed or fated ;
_ often in weakened sense, expressing little more than
the actual issue of events as ascertained by subse-
ience, without any definite reference to
their predetermi
kna’ of god, in be
Aictamder Gch A waren "bat dohipa aien tt deep ie
Deed ts sane. cab Cnnros Somes of Ayman Mi
+
fe
His
A
:
ie
:
4:
:
bl
is
i
A
i
"a
|
;
i
g
:
3
23
a
el
ster
Aah
in
i
—b. quasi-dmpers. (passive
_«direct obj. and infin. (subject).
Cugicethes wagh ~ tome So was me
nig nell Pat ober Soh ex daar
| destaned to d Lbii + 4115
|. To fix or set apart in intention for a particular
purpose, wey end cous of action, ete. ; to design,
tend,
DESTINED.
1530 Lo. Berners Arth, Lyt, Bryt. (1814) 408 mys |
Godyfer dyd destyng hym selfe to come on Gouernar
fast as he might ; but Hector met him fyrst, and. .ouerthrew
him. 1541 R. Cortann Galyen's Terapentyke 2H ijb,
Hunny must be medled in all medicamentes destined &
ordeyned to the vicere*of the Thorax. 1658 Evetyn F7.
Gard. (1675) 227 Some of these beds you must destine to be
eaten young and green. 1707 Curios. in Hush. §& Gard. 31
The little Hole .. towards the.. Extremity of the Bean, is
destin’d for the Entrance of .. aqueous Parts. 1718 Lapy
M. W. Montacu Let. to C’tess of Bristol 10 Apr. The
apartment destined for Audiences. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit.
India IU, ii, 68 The time which was destined for re-
bling the parl 1822 Scott Pirate xxiii, With
how little security man can reckon upon the days which he
destines to happiness. 1844 Lincarp AngloSax. Ch. (1858)
II. xiv. 302 The ship destined to transport the missionaries.
4. pass. To be destined: to be bound (for a par-
ticular place): see DestINED Af/. a. 2b.
Hence + De’stining v0/. sb. Obs.
c1300 K, Adis. 6867 Of God hit was thy destenyng. cx
Gaw. & Gol, 270 Dede be my destenyng. = ~~
Destine, obs. f. Destin, Destiny.
Destined (de‘stind), 4/7. a. [f. prec. vb. + -ED1.]
1, Appointed or fixed by fate, or by a divine decree
or purpose; foreordained, predetermined, fated.
(Now often in weakened sense = ‘ that is (or was)
to be’; cf. prec. 2.)
1597 Suaxs. Lover's Compi. 156 But ah, who ever shunn’d
by precedent The destined ill she must herself assay?
1637 Mitton Lycidas 20 So may some gentle Muse With
lucky words favour my destined urn. 1697 DrypEn Virg.
ineid 1, Before he won the Latian realm, and built the
destin'’d town. ¢1703 Prior Ode Col. G. Villiers 92 The
infernal judge’s dreadful pow’r, From the dark urn shall
throw thy lestin’d hour. x81r0 Scorr Lady of L. 1. xxiv,
A destined errant Boight I come, Announced by prophet
sooth and old. 1887 Bowen Virg. 4ineid 1. 145 When
this burden of woe to its destined end will be brought.
+b. ‘ Devoted’, doomed. Ods.
a172r Haran’ tA May Heav’n around this destin’d head
The choicest of its curses shed. |
2. Fixed in human intention ; intended, designed:
cf, prec. 3. :
1661 BramHaLt Yust Vind. iv. 87 Their long destined
peer. _ 1709 STEELE Tatler No. 58 P 1 To restore her to
er destined Husband. 1754 DopsLey Agric. 11. (R.), To
reach the destin’d goal.
b. spec. Fixed or appointed to go toa particular
destination ; =Bounp Afi. a.! 2.
¢1790 Wittock Voy. 20[They] proceed to whatever ship
they are destined. 1853 Puiturs Rivers Vorksh. ix. 239
‘The troops destined for Britain, usually marched through
Gaul. 1888 PalZ Mall G. 3 Apr. 13/2 There were some
railway phrases then [1838-9] introduced .. You were asked
the place to which you were ‘destined’, the place itself
being your ‘destination’,
Destinee (de:stinz), zonce-wd. [see -EE.] The
person for whom something (as a message, etc.) is
destined.
1881 Blackw. Mag. Apr. 472 ‘ Meet me at half-past seven’
often reaches the destinee as ‘ Meet me at half-past eleven’.
Destinee, destinie, obs. forms of Destiny.
Destinezite (destinz-zait). A/ix. [Named
1881 after M. Destinez: see -1TE.] A phosphate
of iron, a variety of diadochite, from Visé in
Belgium.
1882 Dana Jin. App. iii. 36.
Destinist (de'stinist), rave. [f. Destiny +
-Ist.] A believer in destiny, a fatalist. So De's-
tinism, belief in destiny, fatalism. (In mod. Dicts.)
1846 Worcester, Destinist, a believer in destiny ; fatalist.
Phren. Four.
+Destinour. Os. [a. AFr. destinour, OF.
destineor, ad. L., déstinator DESTINATOR.] He
who destines ; the Author of destiny.
cxgoo tr, Secreta Secret. (E.E.T.S.), Govt. Lordsch.65 Men
hte wyth byse prayers bysek be heghe destynour. . pat he
wille operwyse ordeyne.
Destiny (de'stini), sd, Forms: 4 destine,
-ene(6), -ane(e, 4-5 destyne, -ynie, -any(e,
4-6 destenie,-enye, 4-7 -eny, 5 -inee, -ynee,
-eyne, -enye, -ayne, disteyne, -yne, 5-6 des-
tyny, -onie, -onye, 6-7 destinie, 6- destiny.
[ME., a. OF. destinée (12th c.in Littré)=Pr. desti-
nada, It. destinata, fem. sb. from L. pa. pple. dés-
tindtus,-a: see -ADE suffix,]
I. As a fact or condition.
1. That which is destined or fated to happen ;
predetermined events collectively; =FatTE 5d. 3a.
1340-70 Alisaunder 1026 Hee shall bee doluen and ded
as destenie falles. c1q25 Wyntoun Cron. vi. xiii. 134 And
sua ware brokyn Destyne. ¢1440 Pronp. Parv, 120 Des-
teyne, or happe.. fatum. 1717 tr. Leibnite in Clarke &
Leibnitz Collect. Papers v. 165 ‘There is Fatum Christia-
num, A certain destiny of every thing, regulated by the
foreknowledge and providence of God. 1849 Wuirtier
Voices of Freedom, Crisis x, ‘This day we fashion Destiny,
_ our web of Fate we spin. Gee
+b. A declaration or prognostication of what is
fated to happen. Ods. rare.
1602 Futpecke Pandectes 40 AEneas commeth into Italie
to maintaine warre by destinies, and oracles.
2. That which is destined to happen to a parti-
cular person, country, institution, ete.; (one’s)
appointed lot or fortune ; what one is destined to
do or suffer; =Fare sd. 3b.
259
c1325 LE. EL. Allit. P. C. 49 3if me be dy3t a destyne due
to haue. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Kut.'s 7. 250 If so be my destynee
be shapen By eterne word to dyen in prisoun, c 1450 A/erlin
582 On monday by goode distyne we shall meve alle to go
towarde Clarence. 1548 Hatt Chron. 91 The common
people lamented their miserable destiny. 1583 Stupsrs
Anat, Abus. 1, (1882) 63 Oh, 1 was borne to it, it was my
destonie. 1596 Suaxs. Merch. V. u. ix. 83 The ancient
saying .. Hanging and wiuing goes by destinie. 1605 —
Macb, 11. v. 17 Thither he Will come, to know his Destinie.
1665 Six T. Hersert 7rav. (1677) 63 The reward and destiny
due to Traytors overtakes them, 1812 J. Witson /s/e of
Palms 11. 586 Sublimely reconciled To meet and bear her
destiny. 84x Miss Mirror in L’Estrange Zi/ ILI. viii.
117 All literary people die overwrought; it is the destiny
of the class. :
3. In weakened sense (cf. DestINE v. 2): What
in the course of events will become or has become
of a person or thing; ultimate condition; =Farz
sb, 4. (Also in AZ; cf. fortunes.)
1585 Even Decades 58 The vnfortunate destenie of Petrus
de Vmbria. 1665 Sir T. Herpert 77rav. (1677) 272 Jacob
was murdered. .and Issuff died of an Imposthume. ‘Their
Children also had little better destiny. 1716 Lapy M. W.
Montacu Let. to Lady X— x Oct., They seem worthy of
another destiny. 1855 H. Reep Lect. Lng. Hist. iv. 120
That battle which settled the destiny of Saxon independence.
1887 Bowen Virg. Aeneid i. 53 Troy’s strength broken,
her destinies waning.
IT. As an agency or agent.
4. The power or agency by which, according to
various systems of philosophy and popular belief,
all events, or certain particular events, are unalter-
ably predetermined; supernatural or divine pre-
ordination ; overruling or invincible necessity ; =
Fate sd, 1, (Often personified ; see also 5.)
¢ 1340 Gaw. & Gr. Knut. 1752 How pat destine schulde bat
day [dy3t] his wyrde. c1385 Cuaucer LZ. G. W. 952 Dido,
He..sayleth forth..Towarde Ytayle, as wolde destanee.
1530 More Answ. Frith Wks. 839/2 Some ascribing all
thyng to destyny without any power of mannes free wyll
at all. 1600 E. Biount tr. Conestaggio 19 It seemed that
some furious destinie lead him headlong to his end. 1610
Suaxs. Temp. 11. iii. 53 Three men of sinne, whom destiny
That hath to instrument this lower world..the..Sea Hath
caus'd to belch vp. 1667 Mitton P. LZ. tv. 58 Had his
powerful Destiny ordaind Me sofhe inferiour Angel. 1791
Cowper //iad xvutt. 678 The force Of ruthless Destiny. 1866
G. Macponatp Ann. Q. Neighd. i. (1878) 1 That destiny
which took form to the old pagans as a gray mist high
above the heads of their gods. 1887 Bowen Virg. Eclogue
iv, 46 ‘Ages blest, roll onward!’ the Sisters of Destiny
cried.
+b. With -possessive pronoun; The power or
agency held to predetermine a particular person’s
life or lot. Ods.
c13a5 E£. E£. Addit. P. A. 757 My dere destyne Me ches to
hys make al-ba3 vnmete. c1374 Cuaucer Axed. §& Arc. 339
Thus holdithe me my destenye a wrechche. @ 1668 DeENHAM
(J.), Had thy great destiny but given thee skill ‘To know, as
well as pow’r to act her will.
5. Mythol. The goddess of destiny ; A/. the three
goddesses held, in Greek and Roman mythology,
to determine the course of human life; the Fates:
see FATE sd, 2.
14.. Lat. & Eng. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 573/35 Cloto, on of
thre shapsisterys ved shappystrys [veZ destynyes]. 1593
Suaks, Rich. //, 1. ii. 15 Seuen faire branches.. Some ..
dride by natures course, Some..by the destinies cut. 1623
Liste A2/fric on O. & N. Test. Ded. 27,So charge the
Destinies their spindle runne. 1712 Appison Sfect. No.
523 P7, I shall not allow the Destinies to have had an hand
in the deaths of the several thousands who have been slain
in the late war. 1814 SoutHEY Roderick xxi. 345 We, poor
slaves..must drag The Car of Destiny, where’er she drives
Inexorable and blind. - =— Wuewe t Hist. Induct. Se. 1.
125 The adamantine distaff which Destiny holds.
IIL. attrid.
1552 Hutoet, Desteny readers or tellers, atidici.
+ De'stiny, v. Obs. [f. prec. sb. Cf. to fate.]
trans. To destine, foreordain, predetermine.
1400 Test. Love 11. (1560) 298/x If in that manner bee
said, God toforne have destenied both badde and her bad
werkes. 1520 Carton’s Chron. Eng. 1. 10b/1 That lande is
destenyed and ordeyned for you and for your people. 1592
CuettLe Kinde-harts Dr. (1841) 58 Hidden treasure is by
spirits possest, and they keepe it onely for them to whome
it is destinied. 1652 J. Wricut tr. Camus’ Nature's Para-
dox 63 The high Providence of Heaven .. destinying me to
misfortune,
b. To devote to some fate by imprecation.
a3450 Kut. de la Tour (1868) 108 It is gret perille for
fader and moder to curse her children ne forto destenie hem
vnto any wicked thinge. :
ec. To divine or prognosticate (what is destined
to happen). (Cf. prec. 1 b.)
1548 Hoover Declar. Ten Commandm. iv, Such as give
faith unto..such as destinieth what shall happen..com-
mitteth idolatry.
+ Destiny’, 2//. a. Obs. rave. In 5 destyne,
6 destany. fa. F. destiné, pa. pple. of destiner to
DestineE.] Destined.
©1474 Caxton 7voye 198 (Sommer 397) Shewyng hym by
certayne signes that hit was deuce tick, poten bes shold
make the Ce 1513 Dovcias Afneis vu. iii. 36 All haill,
thou ground and land, quod he in hy, By the fatis vnto me
destany.
+ De'stitue, v. Ods. rave. Pa. t. destitut.
[a. F. destituer to deprive (of something sustain-
ing), ad. L. déstituére : see next and cf. ConstI-
TUE.] ¢vans. To deprive. (In quot. ref.)
DESTITUTE.
¢1400 Destr. Troy 728 Soche a maiden to mar bat pe most
louet..And dawly hir distitut [printed -ur] of hir dere fader.
+ Desti'tuent, cz. Os. [ad. L. déstituent-em,
pr. pple. of aéstitucre (see next).] Wanting, lacking.
1660 Jer. Taytor Duct. Dudit. u. iii. Rule xi. § 15 When
any condition. .is destituent or wanting, the duty it self falls.
Destitute (de'stitivt), a. (and sd.) Also 5
destitut, -tuyt, -tud, distytute, 6 destytude,
distitute. [ad. L. déstztit-us abandoned, forsaken,
na. pple. of déstztucre to forsake, abandon, desert,
» De- I. 1, 2 + statudre to set up, place.]
+1. Abandoned, forsaken, deserted. Ods. ‘
1382 Wycuir Nev. xviii. 17 For in oon hour so many
richessis ben destitute [/g. destitute sunt]. 1480 Cax-
ton Chron, Eng. ccxxvi. 233 Long large and wyde clothes
destytut and desert from al old honeste and good vsage.
1592 Nobody & Someb. (1878) 350 Great houses long since
built Lye destitute and wast, because inhabited by Nobody.
1593 Suaks. Lucy. 441 Left their round turrets destitute
and pale. ’ f
b. Of persons: Forsaken, left friendless or help-
less, forlorn. (Blending at length with sense 3.)
1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 757 If devision, and
dissencion of their friendes, had not unarmed them, and left
them destitute. 1530 Patscr. 310/1 Destytut forsaken,
destitue, 1632 Suznwoop, ‘lo leaue destitute, destituer,
abandonner en detresse. 1704 Cocker, Destitute, left
forsaken. 1706 Puitiirs (ed. Kersey!, Destitute, deprived,
bereaved, forsaken, forlorn. 1740 Dycne & Parvon, Desti-
tute, helpless, forlorn, forsaken; in want and misery. 1755
Jounson, Destitute..2. Abject, friendless. :
+a. Deprived or bereft of (something for-
merly possessed). Os. b. Devoid of, wanting or
entirely lacking zx (something desirable).
a. 1413 Pylg. Sowle w.xx. (Caxton, 1483) 67 ‘Thou art of
comforte destytuyt Isee And soam }. Ocareful now ben we.
14.. Why I can't be a Nun 97 in E. E. P. (1862) 140,
Iam alle desolate, And of gode cownesayle destitute. 1455
Dx. or York in Ellis Orig. Left. Ser. 11. I. 125 Ye stande
destitut and unpourveyed of a Marshall within the town of
Calyis. 1491-2 Plumpton Corr. 102, 1 am distytute of
money.
b. cx1g00 Lancelot 1178 Shortly to conclud, Our folk of
help had ben al destitud. 1526-34 Tinpace Jas. ii. 15 If
a brother or a sister be naked or destitute of dayly food.
c1540 Borve (he boke for to Lerne A ijb, Not destytude
of such commodyties. 1597 Moriey /utrod. Aus. Pref.,
‘To further the studies of them who .. are destitute of suffi-
cient masters. 1608 Suaxs. Per. v.i.57 That..we may
provision have Wherein we are not destitute for want, But
weary for the staleness. 1682 Bunyan //oly IVar (Cassell)
208 If you were not destitute of an honest heart you could
not do as youhave done, 1718 /-reethinker No. 27 P 2 The
Age we live in is not wholly destitute of Manly refined
Spirits. 1802 Mar. Epcewortu A/orad 7, (1816) I. iv. 20
A species of fashionable dialect, devoid of sense, and desti-
tute of .. wit. 1875 Jowett /’/ato (ed. 2) III. 518 A barren
waste destitute of trees and verdure. ;
+e. Bereft of power fo do something. Ods. rare.
1645 Mitton Tetvach. 60 If any therefore demand which
is now most perfection .. I am not destitute to say, which is
most perfection. ;
8. Bereft of resources, resourceless, ‘in want and
misery’; now, without the very necessaries of life
or means of bare subsistence, in absolute want.
The 16th c. quotations from the Bible have perhaps pro-
perly the sense ‘forlorn’ (1b); but they appear to have led
the way to the modern sense, which is not recognized by
Johnson, and is only approached in other 18th c, Diction-
aries.
(1535 CoverDALe Ps. cii. 17 He turneth him vnto the
prayer of the poore destitute [1611 He will regard the
prayer of the destitute). 1539 Biste (Great) Hed. xi. 37
Other .. walked vp and downe in shepes skynnes, and
goates skynnes, beyng destitute [so 1611, other versions in
need], troubled, and vexed.) 1740 Dycue & Parpvon [see
tb}. 1784 Cowrer Task wv. 455 Did pity of their sufferings
..tempt him into sin For their support, so destitute. 1813
Sueciey Q. Maé ut. 35 The deep curses which the destitute
Mutter in secret. 1832 Hr. Martineau Life tx Wilds viii.
tor He had left his companions in a destitute state. 1838
Lytron A/ice 6, I was then so poor and destitute, 1875
Jowrrr Plato (ed. 2) III. 10r There is one class which has
enormous wealth, the other is entirely destitute. JZod.
Help for the destitute poor. E
trausf. 1764 Reip Inquiry ii. § 6. 109 These ideas look
pitifully naked and destitute.
+4. Civil Law. Of awill: Rendered of no effect
by reason of the. refusal or incapacity of the heirs
therein instituted to take up the inheritance (¢es¢a-
mentum destitutum); abandoned. Ods.
1774 Br. Haturax Anal, Rom. Law (1795) 58 Ifa Testator
we fon given freedom to slaves, and the Testament after-
wards became destitute, the slaves lost their freedom.
B. as 5d. One who is destitute, without friends,
resources, or the means of subsistence.
1737 P. St. Joun Sevm. 224(R.) O, my friends, have pity on
this poor destitute, for the hand of God hath touched her.
1784 Unfort. Sensibility 11. 12 Considering them as two
poor destitutes. 1863 Fr. A. Kemsie Resid. in Georgia 7
Ask the thousands of ragged destitutes.
Destitute (de'stitivt), v. Nowvrare. Pa. t.
-ed; in 6 sometimes destitute. [Partly f. Des-
TITUTE @., partly taken as Eng. repr. of L. désti-
tudre (ppl. stem déstitiit-) to put away from oneself,
forsake, abandon: see prec. adj. Cf. F. destituer,
ad. L. déstituére.]
+1. trans. To forsake, desert, abandon, leave to
neglect. Ods.
1530 Patscr. 514/1, I destytute, I forsake or leave a thyng
or persone, se destitue. 1550 Crowley Way to Wealth 362
33* - 2
DESTITUTELY.
on the one side and destituted on the other.
Bacon Ess., Plantations (Arb.) 534 It is the sinfullest
Thing in the world, to forsake or desti a Pl. i
260
Coppen Speeches Left in a state of destitution. 1
: Bremer’s Greece IL. xiv. $08 The Christina
DESTROY. __
a Knut. de la Tour (1868) 43 Ye haue destroubled the
“perithenes toe masse. 1474 Chesse 94 Auarice
y would be
once in Forwardnesse. 1673 Lady's Cadi. u. § 1 P 16. 62
God, who permits not even the brutes to destitute their
young ones,
2. To deprive, bereave, divest of (anything pos-
sessed) ; to render destitute, reduce to destitution.
¢ 1540 Borve The boke to Lerne Aijb, Yfhe be destytuted of
any of the pryncipalles. 1545 Jove £xf. Dan. y. (R.), So that
the chirches and ciuile ministracion be not destituted lerned
men at any tyme. ¢1g61 Veron Free-qwill 44 b, The mercye
of God whereof they be al together destituted. 1605 Hirron
Short Dial. 6: That which desti{tjuteth so great a number”
of whole families. 1622 T. TayLor Comnz. Titus i. 11 Let
it take any one part, and destitute it of heate and vitall
spirits. 1820 SHetiey Let, to Godwin 7 Aug., I have given
you the amount of a considerable fortune, and have Sesti-
tuted myself. .of nearly four times the amount.
3. spec. To deprive of dignity or office; to depose.
[mod.F. destituer.]
bigs arnt Chr. Concord 7o Where are the Cardinals
and Bishops communicating with one excommunicated,
instituted by one destituted? 1716 M. Davies A then. Brit.
I. 131 Let not the Patriarch think .. to destitute or depose |
me. 1889 B. M. Garpiner in Academy 16 Nov. 314/3 He |
was destituted by the General Council of the Commune.
4. To leave destitute or waste, to lay waste.
1593 Nasne Christ’s 7. (1613) 40 By none shall the
Sanctuary be defended, but those that wold haue none
destitute or defloure it but themselues. 1890 A. Rimmer
Summ, Rambles Manchester p. v, He would have thought
that his country had been overrun by foreign foes and
destituted, |
+5. To make void, frustrate, defeat, disappoint. |
crsso Bate K. Fohan (Camden) 100 Examples we have
in Brute, In Catilyne, in Cassius, and fayer Absolon, Whome
of their purpose God altvayes destytute. 1593 Nasne Foure
Lett. Confut. 42 1f you haue anie new infringement to desti-
tute the inditement of forgerie that I bring against you.
ax619 Fotnersy Atheom, 1. ii. § 1 (1622) 8 Lest .. he be
needlesly offended, when his expectation is destituted.
Hence De'stituted f//. a., De-stituting v0/. si.
1550 VERON Godly Saiyngs (1846) 139 He that seeth his
brother or his syster naked or destituted of daylye fode.
1580 Hoitysanp 7reas. Fr. Tong, Destitution & delaisse-
ment, Destituting or disappointing. 1587 FLeminc Contn.
Holinshed V1. 1027/2 This monasterie for sundrie yeares |
was left destituted. 1662 J. Barcrave Pope Alex. V/I (1867)
95 He was a destituted young lad, out of all conversation.
De'stitutely, adv. [f. Desrirutx a, + -Ly?.]
In a destitute condition.
1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par.1 Tim. v. (R., She beyng
destitutely lefte withoute comforte of husbande, of children. .
of all the worldes solace.
De'stituteness. [f. as prec.+-nEss.] The
state or condition of being destitute.
1657 GauLe Sapient. Justif. 70 The destituteness and
desperateness of the Disease. 1668 H. More Div. Dial.
ul. vi. (1713) 107 The weakness and destituteness of the
Infant. 1818 Bentuam CA, Eng. 19 Its utter destituteness
of all warrant from Scripture. 1835 Greswe.t Parables 11.
293 The child, in the literal sense of the word, is the emblem
of weakness, destituteness, ignorance, imperfection.
Destitution (destitiz fan). [a. F. destitution
(1316 in Godef. Suppl.), ad. L. déstitition-em for-
saking, abandoning, n. of action from déstitucre
(see above) ; in Romanic usually a noun of con-
dition.
+1. The action of deserting or forsaking. Obs.
1656 Biount Glossogr., Destitution, a leaving or for-
saking. 1678 Puicuirs, Destitution, an utter forsaking or
deserting. 1727 Baier vol. II, Destitution, a leaving, or
forsaking, an utter abandoning ; also, a being left, robles, ihe
etc.
2. Deprivation of office ; discharge; dismissal.
1554 Act 1-2 Phil. & M. c. 8 § 33 The Institutions and
Destitutions of and in Benefices and Promotions Ecclesi-
astical. 1644 H. Leste Blessing of ¥udah 27 In Law,
Institution and Destitution belong both to one. 1683 Firz-
_ witiram in Lady Russell's Lett. vii. (1773) 8 Want of leisure
occasioned by the destitution of a Curate by illness. 1864
‘Trencu Parables 408 The man [the unjust steward] not so
much as attempting a defence, his destitution [ed. 1886
dismissal] follows.
3. a. The condition of being abandoned or left
helpless, of being yor sblaoe or bereft (of anything).
b. The condition of wanting or being lacking Of
or + 7# anything) ; want.
a1440 Found. St. Bartholomew's 59 A certeyne woman. .
was smyte with a Palsy .. And yn that destitucyoun of her
lymmys duryd nat a litill tyme. 1594 Hooker cel. Pol. 1.
x. (1611) 25 itution in these [food and clothing] is such
an impediment. 1597 J. Payne Royal Exch, 12 Theire
destitucion of zeale to Gods glorie. 1684 Firzwititam in
Lady Russell's Lett. xii. (1773) 19 The destitution of his
real self, will .. cause a stron, sense of your loss. 1737
Battey vol. II [see 1]. @ 1768 Sterne Le??t, xci.(R.), Thy
mother and thyself at a distance from me..what can com-
pensate for such a destitution? 1790-1810 Compe Devil on
Two Sticks (1817) 1V. 242 A destitution of all principle,
h i , and feeling, Prescott ied Is.
(1846) I. vii. 336 This. .does not necessarily mgd any desti-
tution of just moral perceptions. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp.
xv. (1856) 116 ‘That .. destitution of points of comparison,
which make[s} the pyramids so deceptive.
4. spec. The condition of being destitute of re-
sources ; want of the necessaries of life.
1600 Hooker (J.), They. .are not left in pt destitu-
tion, that justly any man should think the ordinary means
of eternal life taken from them. 1659 Hammonp On Ps.
xxv. 17 Paraphr. 142 My anxieties and destitutions daily
increase. 1775 Asn, Destitution, want, poverty. 1849 |
Thessal
1872 Yeats Growth Comm. 62 He put an end to his life as
the only means of escaping destitution.
Destonie, -nye, obs. forms of Destiny.
Destorb, destourb, obs. forms of Disturs.
|| Destour, dastur (déstiivs). Also 7 dis-
tore(e, distoore, destoor, dustoor. [Pers. ue
dastir, prime minister, vizier :—Pahlavi jb
dastobar, il minister, councillor of state, high
priest of the Parsees.] A chief priest of the Parsees.
1630 Lorp Banians & Persees viii. (Yule), Their Distoree
or high priest. 1665 Sir T. Hersert 7rav. {1677) $5 The
Distoore or Pope. .has thirteen [precepts]. yINGTON
Voy. Surat 376 (Yule) The — Priest of the Persies is
called Destoor, their ordinary Priests Daroos or Hurboods.
1776 Gispon Decl. & F. (1836) VIII. 81 If the destour be
satisfied, your soul will escape hell. x . RicHarpson
Dissert. East. Nations 10 The wretched r! of a modern
Parsi Destour. 1809 M. Granam Yr. (1812) (Yule), The
Dustoor is the chief priest of his sect in Bombay. 1862 M.
Hauc Ess. Sacr. Lang. Parsees 52 The Dustoors, as the
spiritual guides of the Parsee community, should take a
chief part in it. 1878 — obs of Parsees (ed. 2) 17 He
bribed one of the most learned Dasturs, Dastur Darab, at
Surat to procure him manuscripts and to instruct him in the
Avesta and Pahlavi languages.
Destourn, obs. form of DistTuRN v.
Destrain, -ayn, -ein, etc., obs. ff. DISTRAIN v.
Destraught, obs. f. DisrravGHT fa. pfple., dis-
tracted.
+ Destrayt. 0s. Also -te, -tte. [a. OF.
destreit (-ait, -oit), mod.F. détrott ‘a strait, a
narrow place or passage, a defile, a confined place’
| :-late pop. L. déstrict-um, from districtus tight,
| strict, severe, pa. pple. of distringére to DISTRAIN :
cf. Districr.] A narrow pass or defile.
1481 Caxton Godfrey clxv. 244 The day after passed they
by a moche sharp & aspre way, & after descended by a
destrayt in to a playne. c1g00 Melusine \vii. 336 On the
morne he passed the destraytte & mounted the mountaynes.
+ Destre‘che, v. -Ods. rare—'. [app. irreg. f.
De- pref.+ STRETCH v.: perh. after stroy, destroy,
strain, destrain, etc.] intr. To stretch out, extend.
1475 How wyse man taught Sone 30 in Q. Eliz. Acad. 53
Als ferre as mesure wyll destreche.
De'strer, de‘strier (ce‘stro1, -io1, destrie-1).
arch, Also 4-5 destrere, 5 deistrere, dextrer(e,
(9 dexter, 9 dextrier, destriére). [ME. destrer,
a. AF. destrer =OF. destrier=Pr. destrier, It. de-
striere, -ero:—late L. dextrari-us, in full eguus
dextrarius, {. dextra right hand: so called from
being led by the squire with his right hand.]
A war-horse, a charger.
a. in contemporary use.
c1300 A. Alis. 801 The Knighttes hunteth after dere, On
fote and on destrere. /bid. 4924 The quene may lede Twenty
thousande maidens upon destrers. ¢ 1314 Guy Warw. (A.)
2356 Sir Gii him smot to Gaier, And feld him doun of his
destrer. ¢ 1330 R. Brunner Chron. (1810) 124 To ded pan gon
he falle doun‘of his destrere. ¢ 2386 Cuaucer Sir Thopas
202 By hym baiteth his dextrer [v.”. destrer, dester, deistrere,
dextrere]. c1450 Loneticn Grai/ xiii. 87 Faste preking vp-
pon a destrere. ¢1477 Caxton Jason gb, Two right fayr
and excellent destriers or horses. c1g00 Melusine xix. 82
Then descended Raymondin fro the destrer.
B. historical or archaistic. (Chiefly in Fr. spelling.)
1720 StrvVE Stow's Surv. (1754) I. u. ii. 354/1 So far into
the Thames, as a horseman at low water, — upon his
Destrier into the river could dart his lance from him. 1803
S. Peace Anecd. Eng. at 287 Dexters seem to have
been what we should call Chargers. 1820 Scorr /vanhoe
xl, Some palfrey whose pace may be softer than that of my
destrier, 1845 T. B. Suaw in Blackw, Mag. LVIILL. 146
The Prince pricks along on his faithful destrere. 1848 J
Saunpers Pict. Eng. Life, Chaucer 76 Th
ie war horses
were led by the squires, who always keeping them in their
right hand, they were called dextriers. 1858 Morris Sir
Galahad Poems 51 Needs must roll The proudest destrier
sometimes in the dust. 1869 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876)
IIL. xii. 175 The knight on his destrier. 1894 A. Lane in
Longm. Mag. June 214 The Maiden called for her great
destrier, But he lashed like a fiend when the Maid drew near.
Destreyn(e, obs. forms of DIsTRAIN.
Destribute, obs. var. of DisTRIBUTE v.
+ Destri-ction, Ods. rare—°. [app. f. DE-I.1
+L, strictio binding, StRicTIon.
1 Batey vol. 11, Destriction, a binding.
trie, obs. form of DesrRoy v.
+Destrigment, Obs. rare—°. _ [f. L. déstrin-
gere to strip off, strigmentum that which is scraped
or scratched ont :
1727 Baitey vol. 11, Destrigment, that which is scraped
or pulled of any thing.
‘tion. Obs. rare. [?a. OF. destruision
destruction, f. destruire to Destroy (cf. destrie).]
Ravaging, ruin.
14.. Childe of Bristowe 328 in Hazl. £. P. P.1. 123 Where
his fader dud destrition to man or womman in any toun..he
shal make aseth therfore, and his good ayen restore.
Destroer, obs. form of DesTROYER.
+ Destrow'ble, v. Obs. [a. OF. destroubler,
detroubler (Godef.), f. des-, L. dis- + troubler to
Trovsie. Cf. DisturB.e.] ¢rans, Totrouble; to
make it troublesome for.
(distroi’), v, Forms: 3-4 destrui-e(n,
3-5 -Struy-e(n, -stru-e(n, (-stru, -striu), 4-5
-stry(e, 4-6 -stroye, (5 -stro3ze, 6 -strowe), 6-7
-stroie, 5~ destroy; also 4disstrie, 4-5
distruy(e, -truie, -truy3e, -trojze, -trou, 4-6 dis-
troy(e, 4-7 distroie, 5 distrie, distroi, 5-6 dys-
troy(e, dis-, dystrow(e, -true, distrye. [ME.
destruy-en, etc., a. OF . destrui-re (mod.F, détruire
=Pr. and Sp. destruir, It. distruggere) :—late pop.
L. *déstriigére, ppl. stem déstriict-, for cl. L. dés-
truére, f. De- 1.6 + strudre to Pile up, construct.]
1. ¢rans. To pull down or undo (that which has
been built) ; to demolish, raze to the ground.
1297, R. Giouc. (1724) 242 Edwyne. .di wyde aboute
oe ra pag eet ner, and to grounde caste.
a1300 Fall & Passion 85 in E. £. P. (1862) 15 He wolde
destru temple an chirche. a@1300 Cursor M. 22348 (Cott.)
Bath destrui pam tun and tur. ¢ 1380 Wycuir Serm, Sel.
Wks. I. 25 Pi wallis al distried. c1g00 Maunpev. (Roxb.) v.
15 Pare was. .a faire citee of Cristen men, but Sarzenes hase
destruyd it. 1489 Caxton Faytes of A. u. xxxvii. 157 The
cite of rome shulde haue be dystroyed. 1513 BrapsHaw
St. Werburge u. 694 This kyng entended by mortall enuy
The cite of Chestre to spoyle and distrye. 1526-34 TinpaLe
¥Fohn ii. 19 lesus answered and sayd vnto them, destroye
this temple, and in thre dayes 1 will reare it agayne.
1632 J. Havwarp tr. Biondi's Eromena 78 To undergoe the
brunt of destroying Epicamido’s whole campe. 2
tr. Yuan & Ulloa’s Voy. (ed. 3) 11. 82 Another earthquake
happened, by which several houses were destroyed.
L Circus Wand. by Seine 237 The English dest
(the monastery] and half a century afterwards rebuilt it.
b. Said of the action of water in dissolving and
demolishing or washing away.
1632 Litucow 7rav. vil. 317 For the nature of violent
streames. .[is to] destroy all that they debord upon.
B. Harris Parival’s [ron Age 67 Like a Torrent, whi
carries away, and destroies all. 1760-72 tr. Yuan & Ulloa's
Voy. (ed, 3) 1. 201 The rain utterly destroys all the trenches.
1835 Cruise Digest (ed. 4) 1. 11. ii. § 24 If the banks of a
river are destroyed by a sudden flood it is not waste.
+ 2. To lay waste, ravage, make desolate. Obs.
a 122g Ancr. R. 388 A lefdi..mid hire uoan biset al abuten,
and hire lond al destrued. _c 1320 Sir Beues 2442 And al
be contre, saun doute, Pai distruede hit al aboute. ie 4
—-. Parv. 120 Destroyyn a cuntre (or feeldis P.),
populor, depredo, devasto. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 202/1
That same tyme attila destroyed Italye. = OWELL
Lioyd’s Cambria 11 Destroied the province of er. 161%
Biste Ezek. xxx. 11 The terrible of the nations shall be
brought to destroy the land.
+ b. To ruin (men), to undo in goo estate.
1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 376 He destrude pat volc,
Pg tie of hem hi ee ty 1621 Botton Stat. Trel. 9
(an. 25 Hen. VI) The rish enemies..destroy the common
people by lodging upon them in the nights.
3. To undo, break into useless pieces, or reduce
into a useless form, consume, or dissolve (any
material structure or object). (Now the leading
sense.)
¢ 1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 1120 Mi bodi destrud and leyd on
bere. 1382 Wycttr Prov. xxi. 20 An vnj lent man schal
distrie it. 1393 Lanou. P. PZ. C. 1. 212 For meny mannys
malt we mys wolde distrye. 1700 S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy.
E. India 245 That day we destroy’d about 1100 of their
Skiffs, little and great. ¢1790 Wittock Voy. 154 Plunder-
ing and destroying whatever they can lay hands on. 1798
H. Sxrine Two Tours Wales 155 A fire, by which most
of the old houses were 1828 Amater Reports
(ed. 2) 1. 147 A deed which was in his bill to have
been destroyed and lost by Roger. Gustarson Found.
Death ii. (ed. 3) 25 All the ancient works on
alchemy. .were ruthlessly destroyed by the Roman Emperor
Diocletian. Bowan Vay. AE neid v. 700 The vessels of
Troy. .are saved from flames that destroy.
b. To render useless, to injure or il utterly.
3543 Boorve Dyetary xi. (1870) ~ God fa inp a r
115 Locustes whiche d
Sane it. vir.
etc.,
of .
Edin, destriu, Gétt. distrou) pat halud was of ur lauerd iesu.
«sas Prey ear Es for shal God destruen be on
ie, @1340 Hamroce 7s: 40 When antecrist is dis-
troid all goed sall regne. ¢1385 Cuaucer L.G. Wx 18 Dido,
These lordis..Wele me distroyen on! Soc pouee one
Wanrkw. Chron. 20 The Bastarde .. pemes to have
distruyt Kynge Edwarde. CovERDALE WEP. 26,
this dragon s' or . @1547
in Laneham's Lett. (Pref, 1871) 130 Haue youe une
any contagius drynke to your chyld.
SL. o. Mepis Var. E. Ind. 291 Rat-Catchers .. destroy
the Rats and Mice as much as any Cats would. 1712
Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) 111. 368 Of whose Lora
made mention. 1726 A
ing himself I have du. C °
Boyle 131, 1 was .. going to destroy m: .in ht
of my 1794 Sutuvan View Nat. 252A
in Fri covered the whole coasts, and destroyed tl
test of the inhabitants. 1839 T. Beare Hist.
Shares hale 160 Those young bulls ., are perhaps the
DESTROY.
most difficult to destroy. 1887 Bowen Virg. Aineid 1. 1
It had pleased the Immortals .. to destroy Priam’s innocent
people. ,
5. To bring to nought, put an end to; to doaway
with, annihilate (any institution, condition, state,
quality, or thing immaterial).
a1300 Cursor M. 25239 (Cott.) Destru [v.77 destruy,
destroy] pou lauerd ! wit pouste pin pe mightes o pis wiber-
win. 1340 Hampote Pr. Consc. 4453 Pan sal he destroye
cristen lawe. _ Wycutr Prov. xxi. 22 [They] destro3ide
[1388 distriede] the strengthe of the trost of it. ¢ 1400 Destr.
Troy 13240 All hir note of ignosenosy naitly distroyet.
1535 CovERDALE ¥oé xiv. 18 So destroyest thou the hope of
man. 1612 Wesster Dutchesse of Malf w. ii, So pity
would destroy pity. 1714 Mrs. Centurvre Wonder wv. 1,
One tender word destroys a lover's rage. 1752 JOHNSON
Rambler No. 193 ® 9 Every other enjoyment malice may
destroy. 1833 L. Rircuie Wand. by Loire 17 To wait ..
would destroy the little chance we appeared to have. 1841-4
Emerson £Ess., Intellect Wks. (Bohn) I. 143 Silence is a
solvent that destroys personality. 1893 Law Times XCIV.
603/2 He..had been heard to express a determination to
destroy his life. ve ;
+b. Math. To cancel, eliminate, cause to disap-
pear. Obs.
1706 W. Jones Syx. Palmar. Matheseos 130 Aftér the same
manner any other Term in this. . Equation may be destroyed.
1763 W. Emerson Aeth. Increments 123, 2 series, where all
the terms destroy one another except the first.
ec. Law. To nullify, invalidate, do away with.
1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) II. 353 A person who has only
a trust estate, cannot..destroy a contingent remainder ex-
pectant on his estate, /did, V. 217 A power collateral to
the land..cannot be barred or destroyed by a fine levied
[etc.]. 1892 GoopEve Pers. Property (ed. 2) 361 The statutes
above cited do not destroy the right.
6. To counteract or neutralize the effect of; to
render of no avail.
1729. Butter Serm. Wks. 1874 II. 110 These contrary
eotine. 30 not necessarily destroy each other. 1759 W.
ILtLary Diseases Barbados 181 If they are of opposite and
contrary Natures, they must at best only destroy each
other. 1760-72 tr. Yuan §& Ulloa’s Voy. (ed. 3) I. 61 The
medicine has destroyed the malignity of the poison. 1860
Tynpatt Glac, u. vi. 253 A red glass..is red because .. it
destroys the shorter waves which produce the other colours.
+7. Zo destroy into or to (reproducing perdere in
gehennam of Vulgate): to consign or give over to
perdition in. Ods.
¢ 1380 Wycuir Wes. (1880) 265 It is grett meruaile pat god
..distroiep not alle bis cursed peple to helle. 1526-34
Tinvace Matt. x. 28 Which is able to destroye both soule
and body into hell. [So Coverp., Cranm., Rhemish ; Wyciir
lese in to; Geneva & x611 in.]
Hence Destroyed (déstroid) ff/. a., despoiled ;
ravaged; slain; ruined; reduced to a useless
condition.
1440 Promp, Parv. 123 Destroyyde, destructus, dissipa-
tus. 1634 Sin T. Hersert Trav. 76 Being a Lady of |
faithfull memory to her destroyed husband. 1640 (¢/¢/e),
England’s Petition to their King; an Humble Petition of
the distressed and almost destroyed subjects of England.
r80r G. S. Faser Hore Mos. (1818) I. 82 The destroyed
book of the Sibyl. 1821 SHettey //ed/as 494 One cry from
the destroy’d and the destroyer Rose.
+ Destroy’, sd. Obs. rare —}.
[f Destroy v.] Destruction.
1616 Lane Cont. Sgr.’s T. 1x. 476 The sweete boy, wail-
inge most rufullie his frendes distroie.
Destroyable (déstroiab’l), a. [f. Desrroy v.
+-ABLE.] Capable of being destroyed.
1ssz Hutoet, Destroyable, or able to be destroyed, de-
structilis. 1654 Futter Two Serm. 41 Foundations of
Religion destroyed (so farre-forth as they are destroyable).
1678 CupwortH /xted/, Syst. 1. ii. § ix. 70 The Accidents
themselves..are all makeable and destroyable. 185: Rus-
xy Mod. Paint. Il. m1. 1. iv. §9 Destroyable only by the
same..process of association by which it was created.
Destroyer (d’stroia1). Also 4-5 destrier.
distriere, 5 distruyere, destroer. [f. Destroy
v. + -ER; prob. orig. a. OF. destruiere, -cor, -eour,
f. destrut-re to DestRoy.] A person or thing that
destroys.
1382 Wycuir Rev. ix. 11 Appolion, and by Latyn hauynge
the name Destrier [1388 ean 1398 Taare Barth,
De P, R. 11. xix. (1495) 45 Also the fende hyghte Appolyon
in Grewe, A destroyer. c1410 Hymn Vire. v. in Warton
Hist. ne & Poetry x, Heyl distruyere of everi strisse.
+483 Cath. Angl. 98/1 A Destroer, vdi a waster. cx
Pol. Rel. & L. Poents (1866) 30 Covetyse is distroyer of
hym selfe. 1535 CoverpaLe 1 Chron, xxi. 15 The Lorde
.. sayde vnto the angell y® destroyer: It is ynough, holde
now thy hande. 1630 in Descr. Thames (1758) 65 They are
..great Destroyers of Barbels, and other Kind of Fish. 1667
Mitton P. L. x1. 697 Great Conquerors. . Destroyers right-
lier call’d and Plagues of men. 1795 Soutuey Yoan of Arc
x. 54 Were it acrime if thy more orig force Destroy'd
the fell destroyer? 1807 Med. Frn/. XVI. 102 A neutralizer
or destroyer of contagion. 1894 Daily News 11 June 6/5
The torpedo-boat destroyer built by the same firm last year
for the Admiralty..This type of boiler .. is being put into
most of the ‘destroyers’ which are being built for the
Government.
+ Destroy'eress. O¢s. rare. [f. prec. +-Ess.]
A female destroyer. -
1662 J. Sparrow tr. Behme’s Rem. Wks., Catal. Extant
Works No. 4 The Turba or Destroyeresse of the Image.
i g (déstroi‘in), vd/. sd. [f. Destroy
v.+-ING1.] The action of the verb DestRoy; Dr-
STRUCTION : now chiefly gerundial.
¢ 1300 K. Adis. 2888 Never siththe that destroying N’as in
Thebes wonying. ¢1380 Wycuir Wks. (1880) 322 To telle
In 7 distroie.
261
hasty destriyng of hem. c1400 Afol. Loll. 69 Forsob if he
lay doun suerd .. he opunib distroyingis. 1659
B. Harris Parival’s [ron Age 138 They..consented to the
destroying down of the fair Gardens about the Town, to
begin the Fortifications. 1667 Mitton P. LZ. 1x. 129 For
onely in destroying I find ease To my relentless thoughts.
1805 Lp. Cottincwoop in A. Duncan Ne/son (1806) 271,
I determined no longer to delay the destroying them.
rigid dlp. ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ING 2.]
That destroys, destructive.
1535 CoverpaLe Ezek. xxi. 8 The destroyenge staff of my
sonne, shal bringe downe all wodde, 1728 R. Morris ss.
Aunc. Archit. 21 Novelty and Singleness were as destroying
..to Art, as..Barbarism. 1781 Gipson Decdé. § /*. 11.92 To
oppose the inroad of this destroying host. 1814 SourHey
Roderick xxv, Replete with power he is, and terrible, Like
some destroying Angel! 1894 Lp. WotLseLey Lzfe of
Marlborough 11. xci. 437 Soul-and-body-destroying de-
bauchery.
Destroy'ingly, adv.
a destroyer, destructively.
1821 SHELLEY Prometh, Und,1. i.781 Tho’ Ruin now Love's
shadow be, Following him destroyingly. 1869 Daily News
23 Jan., Dire forms of disease which occasionally sweep
destroyingly over our towns.
+ Destruct, v. Obs. rare—'. [f. L. déstruct-
ppl. stem of déstrucre to Destroy: cf. constrct.]
= Destroy.
@1638 Meve Paraphr. 2 Pet. iii, (1642) 12 Either wholly
destructed, or marvellously corrupted from that they were
before. [So ed. 23 ed. 3 (1653) destroyed.)
Destru'ctant, 52. rare. [irreg. f. L. déstruct-
(see prec.) +-ANT.] A destroyer, a destroying agent.
1889 ‘I’. D. Tatmace in The Voice (N. Y.) 25 July, There
is such a thing as pretending to be ex raffort with others,
when we are their dire destructants.
+ Destru'ctful, c. [f. L. déstruct- (see prec.)
+-FUL.] = DEsTRUCTIVE.
1659 Sprat Plague of Athens (1667) 2 We fear A dangerous
and destructful War. /éd. 10 The circulation from the
heart, Was most destructful now.
[f. prec. + -Ly2.] As
Destructibility. [f. next: see -1ry.] The
quality of being destructible ; capability of being
destroyed.
1730-6 Baiey (folio\, Destructibility, a capableness of being
destroyed. 1805 Hatcuetr in PAil. Trans. XCV. 309 ‘The
varieties of tannin do not accord in the degree of destructi-
bility. 184 Trimmer Pract. Geol. 257 The greater destructi-
bility of the absent tribes by long immersion in water.
Destructible (distraktib’l), a [ad. L. d-
structibilis, f. d&truct- ppl. stem of déstrucre to
Destroy: see-BLE.] Capable of being destroyed ;
liable to be destroyed.
1755 JoHNSON, Destructible liable to destruction. 1768-74
Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) 11. 667 Simple substances, not con-
sisting of parts, nor destructible by all the powers of
nature. 1783 PriestLey in Phil. Trans. LX XIII 412 Wood,
or charcoal, is even perfectly destructible, that is, resolvable
into inflammable air. 1871 TynpaLi /’ragi. Sc. (1879) I.
xx. 483 Forces are convertible but not destructible. 1878
Jevons Prim. Pol. Econ. 107 Destructible things, like eggs,
skins, etc., are always rising or falling in value.
Hence Destru‘ctibleness, destructibility.
1846 in WorcEsTER.
+ Destrurctify, v. rare. [f. L. déstruct-us de-
stroyed+-Fy.] rans. To reduce to destruction.
1841 Fraser's Jiag. XXIV. 289 Enough to contaminate,
poison, degrade, and destructify the whole race. a
+ Destrucctile, a. rare—°. [ad. L. déstructilis,
f. déstruct- ppl. stem : see -ILE.] = DESTRUCTIBLE.
1727 Baitey vol. II, Destructive, that which may be
destroy’d. ‘
Destruction (déstrakfon).
struccioun, (5 -uxion;-tyoun ; 4-6 dis-, 5 dys-.
[a. OF. destructiun (12th c.), -céon, -tion (mod.F.
dé-) = Pr. destruccio, Sp. destruccion, It. distruzione,
ad. L. déstruction-em, n. of action from déstrudcre
to Destroy.] The action of destroying; the fact
or condition of being destroyed: the opposite of |
construction.
1. The action of demolishing a building or struc-
ture of any kind, of pulling to pieces, reducing to
fragments, undoing, wasting, rendering useless,
putting an end to, or doing away with anything
material or immaterial ; demolition.
1340 Hampote Pr. Consc. 4049 Aftir be destruccion sal be
Orfewapyes of Rome.. ¢1386 Cuaucer Maz of Law's 7.
138 In destruccioun of mawmetrye And in encresse of Cristes
lawe deere, They ben acordid. c1g400 Maunprv. (Roxb.)
xvi. 74 He asked pe destruccioun and be vndoyng of his
order. 1481 Caxton J/yrr. 11. xi. 158 That after the first
destruxion of the world ther shold be other peple. 1520
Caxton's Chron. Eng. 1. 19/@ He prophecyed the dys-
trucyon of Jerusalem. 1553 EpEN 7 reat. Newe Ind. (Arb.)
13 marg., The destruction of the citie of Aden. 1604
Suaks. Ofh. 1, iii. 177 If she confesse that she was halfe
the wooer, Destruction on my head, if my bad blame Light
on the man. 165: Hospes Leviath. 11. xxxvii. 233 There
should be no more an universall destruction of the world by
Water. 1736 Butter Amal. 1. i. Wks. 1874 I. 28 There is
no pr ption .. that the dissolution of the body is the de-
struction of our present reflecting powers. 1813 T. Forster
Altmosph. Phenom. (1815) 3 Theory of the formation and
destruction of clouds. 1875 Hamerton /xtel/. Life 1. iv. 24
The work of repairing so great a destruction of muscle.
b. The action of ravaging or laying waste ;
havoc, ruin. Ods. (as distinct from the main sense.)
¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 202 Destruction he makes
of rentes and feez. c1q400 Ywaine § Gaw. 416 He .. said,
Also 4-5 de--
DESTRUCTIVE.
i had, ogayne resowne, Done him grete destrucciowne. 1480
Caxton Chron. Eng. cxxxiv. 114 He did grete destruction
toholy chirche. c1§00 Lancelot 1283 Of his realme the opin
distruccioune. ‘
ce. The action of putting to death, slaughter ;
now chiefly said of multitudes of men or animals,
and of noxious creatures.
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W.de W. 1531) 4 The destruccyon of
Pharao & all his hoost. x79 Mrs. RapciirFe Row.
Forest ix, I looked round for the instrument of destruction.
1837 Dickens Pickw. ii, Snodgrass bore under his [cloak]
the instruments of destruction. Zod. Rewards for the
destruction of beasts of prey.
d. personified.
1535 CoverDALE Yo xxviii. 20 Destruccion [WyctIF per-
dicioun] & death saie, we haue herde tell of her with oure
eares. 1595 SHaks. Yoh vy. vii. 77 'To push destruction and
perpetuall shame, Out of the weake door of our fainting
Land. 1810 Scotr Lady of L. mt. xi, Quench thou his
light, Destruction dark!
2. The fact, condition, or state of being destroyed;
ruin.
c1314 Guy Warw, (A.) 6077 Wende we wille to be douk
Otoun, And bring him to destruccioun. 1375 Barbour
Bruce 1. 204 Yo put hym to destruagfne. a1450 Ant.
de la Tour (1868) 6 She thanked God humbly that had
kepte her from shame and distruccion. 1535 CovERDALE
Prov. x. 14 Y* mouth of y* foolish is nye destruccion.
1667 Mitton P. L. 1. 137 All this mighty Host In horrible
destruction laid thus low. 184r Lane Avad. Nts. I. g1
When the Prince heard their words, he felt assured of de-
struction.
3. A cause or means of destruction.
1526 Dr. Macnus Lett. to Jas. V., 13 Feb. The Arme-
strongges.. had avaunted thaymselves to be the destruction
of twoe & fifty parisshe churches. 1548 Hatt Chron. 99 b,
Not forseyng before, that this preferment should be his de-
struccion. 1611 Biste Pyov. x. 15 The destruction of the
poore is their pouertie. 1798 CANNING, etc. Loves of Tri-
angles in Anti-¥acobin 7 May (1852) 126 Watch the bright
destruction as it flies. 1833 Ht. Martineau Fx Wines
& Pol. iv. 58 The deplorable mistake which was likely to
prove the destruction of the whole family.
4+ 4. pl.=Ruins. Obs. rare.
1585 I. WasHINGTON tr. Nicholay's Voy. 1 xxi. 26b,
Neere that are the destructions of a high tower, which in
times past was..the great temple.
+ Destru‘ctionable, ¢. Ovs. rare. [f. prec.
+ -ABLE in active sense.] Addicted to destruc-
tion, destructive.
c1575 tr. H. Nicholas’ First Exhort. (1656) 228 Possest
of the seven horriblest and destructionablest devils. 1660
H. More Mystery of Godliness 269 Intimating that the
rest of the Vices are Devils also, but not so destructionable.
+ Destructioner. 00s. rave. [f. as prec. +
-ER!,] One that causes destruction or ruin; a de-
stroyer.
r6zr Botton Stat. [rel, 10 (an. 25 Hen, VI) Destruc-
tioners of the King our Souveraigne Lords liege people.
Destructionist (distrakfonist). [f. as prec.
+-Ist.] ;
1. An advoeate or partisan of a policy of destruc-
tion, esp. that of an existing political system or
constitution. (Chiefly dyslogistic. )
1841 Blackw. Mag. L. 407 The intestine warfare between
the Destructionist and the Conservative. 1845 1. W. Coir
Puritanisne 64 Church-breakers : ecclesiastical destruction-
ists of the straitest sect. 1888 R. Dow ine Aliracle Gold
II. xix. 107 A regular out-and-out Fire-eater, Iconoclast,
Destructionist. ; :
2. Theol. One who believes in the final destruc-
tion or annihilation of the wicked; an annihila-
tionist. :
1807 SoutnEy Esfriella'’s Letters U1. 28 Universalists,
Calvanists, Materialists, Destructionists, Brownists [etc.].
Destructive (déstryktiv), a. and sé. [a. OF.
destructtf, -tve (1372 in Hatzf.) ; = Pr. destructiv,
Sp. destructivo, It. distruttivo, ad. L. déstructiv-us,
f. déstruct- ppl. stem ot déstrucre to DESTROY: see
-IVE.] ;
A. adj. Having the quality of destroying ; tend-
ing to destroy, put an end to, or completely spoil;
pernicious, deadly, annihilative. Const. ¢o, of.
1490 Caxton Eneydos vi. 22 In all destructyue of theyr
personis, honoures, goodes, and chyuaunches. 1555 EDEN
Decades 265 One of these two... shulde be destructiue to
lyuynge creatures. 1647 CLARENDON //ist?, Reb. 1. (1843) 28/2
Unpolitic, and even destructive tothe services intended, 1651
Hoses Leviath. 1. xiv. 64 A man is forbidden to do, that,
which is destructive of his life. 165: Baxter /uf. Baft.
318 The Apostle’s sence is not the same with yours (but de-
Structive to it) x7z2 STEELE Sfect. No. 466 P 7 Vice is in
itself destructive of Pleasure. 1751 Jounson Rambler No.
163 P2 Destructive to happiness. 1794 Soutney Wat Tyler
1, These destructive tyrants Shall shrink before your ven-
eance. 1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, First Visit to Eng.
Wks. (Bohn) II. x The conditions of literary success are
almost destructive of the best social power. 1875 KinGLake
Crimea (ed. 6) V. i. 252 A rapid advance .. under destructive
fire. 1882 Daily Tel. 1 ay, Palmer's bowling proved
extremely destructive, and he took no less than eight wickets.
b. In political and philosophical use, opposed
to constructive and conservative. ‘
1834 Oxf. Univ. Mag. 1. 108 The two distinct lines of
conservative and destructive policy. ir a Emerson Ess.,
Politics Wks. (Bohn) I. 241 The spirit of our American
radicalism is destructive and aimless. 1861 F. Hatt in
Yournal Asiatic Soc. Bengal 148 After so much destructive
Criticism, to have little of instantly helpful truth to sub-
stitute in the room of what has been swept away. | 1
J. Martineau £ss. I. 36 His position, therefore, is simply
DESTRUCTIVELY.
destructive. 1878 Mortey Crit. Misc. Ser. 1. Carlyle 198
Most of us would probably find the importance of this
epoch in its destructive contribution, ~
ec. Chem. Destructive distillation: see quots.
—— T. P. Jones Convers. Chem. xxviii. 281 When organ-
i ib are d posed at a red heat in close vessels,
the process is called destructive distillation. 1854 Ronaps
& Ricuarpson Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) 1. 284 Distillation may
involve the d iti af Ye i heated, and the
d ion of t! d of d
P ition, when it is
termed destructive distillation. :
d. Logic. Applied to conjunctive (or, as they
are sometimes called, conditional) syllogisms and
dilemmas, in which the conclusion negatives a
a sry in one of the premisses.
us: If Ais B, Cis D; Cis not D,.. Ais not B. IfA
is B, C is D, and if E is F, G is H; but either Cis not D or
G is not H, .. either Ais not B, or E is not F.
1827 Wuatety Logic 11. iv. § 7 (L.) In a destructive sorites,
you go back from the denial of the last consequent to the
denial of the first antecedent : ‘G is not H; therefore A is
not B.’
B. sb. :
1. A destructiye agent, instrument, or, force;
a destructive pabontioa or syllogism.
1640 E. Dacres tr. Machiavelli's Prince Ep. Ded., Poysons
..as destructives of Nature .. are utterly to be abhord.
1644 Be. Maxwe.t Prerog. Chr. Kings Ded. 3 It hath been
a preparatorie destructive to Royaltie. 1646 Burd. Issach.
in Phenix (1703) I1. 299 Their confession of Faith. .is more
in Negatives and Destructives, than Affirmatives and Posi-
tives. 1674 Penn Fust Kebuke g Giving, for Antidotes, De-
structives to the Souls of Men. 1827 Wuatetey Logic
u. iv. (1836) 118 Which is evidently a simple Destructive.
1856 Chamb. Frni. VI. 56 The grand destructives of nature
are the winds and the waves.
2. A person whose theory or practice tends to
overthrow existing institutions or systems. (Chiefly
dyslogistic.)
1832 Examiner 7836/1 The Radicals (or Destructives, as you
are pleased to describe them). 1871 Morvey /ol/aire (1886)
4 To the critic of the schools, ever ready with compendious
label, he is the revolutionary destructive.
Destru'ctively, «. [f. prec. + -ty2.] Ina
destructive manner.
1661 Grand Debate 122 Which lookt upon our hopes of
Reformation, almost as destructively as the Papists Doctrine
of Infallibility doth. 1665 ManLeyGrotius’ Low C. Warres
255 The French Wars raged destructively, both at Sea and
Land. a1714 M Henry JVs. (1835) 1. 37 Nothing really
and destructively evil. Zod. Fluoric acid acts destructively
upon glass.
Destru'ctiveness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.]
The quality of being destructive; tendency to
destroy.
1647 SALTMARSH Sfark. Glory (1847) 195 Far from bearing
witness to any destructiveness or persecution of them. 1738
Warsurton Div. Legat. 1. 35 The Destructiveness of
Atheism to Society. 1 Soutuey Yoan of Arc vu. 179
A weapon for its sure destructiveness Abominated once.
1869 Echo 30 Oct., An epidemic fever unparalleled for de-
structiveness. 1875 KinGcLaKe Crimea (1877) V. i. 335
The .. rashness, or rather self-destructiveness of the
charge.
b. Phrenol. The name of a faculty or propensity
having a bump or ‘ organ’ allotted to it.
1815 Edin. Rev. XXV. 235 To the Order of Feelings ..
belong the following species .. 6. Destructiveness. 1
Compe Constit. Man ii. § 5 Destructiveness serves also to
give weight to indignation. ax187§ Kinsey in Four C.
Eng. Lett. 568 These same organs of destructiveness and |
combativeness.
Destru'ctless, ¢. rare. [f. L. destruct- ppl.
stem (see above) + -LESS.] Indestructible.
1845 T. B. Suaw in Blackw. Mag. LVIII. 32 The bond..
is fair and true! Destructless as the soul, and as eternal,
Destructor (diéstry kta), [a. L. destructor
destroyer, agent-noun from déstruére to DESTROY.
In F. destructeur (1420 in Hatzf.).]
1. A destroyer; one who destroys.
ax691 BovLe Ws. I. 527 (R.) Helmont does somewhere
wittily call the fire the destructor and the artificial death of
things. 1882-3 Scnarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl. 11. 1212 A
decree ordered. .all destroyed [temples] to be rebuilt at the
cost of the destructors.
2. A furnace or crematory for the burning of
refuse. Also attrib.
1881 Scribner's Mag. XXII. 799 To dispose of the refuse
in a quick and cleanly » a small cr , or de-
structor, has been introduced, 1885 L'fool Daily Post
May 4/8 The abattoir will be a greater nuisance in Green-
ne than the refuse destructor. 1891 Daily News 16 July
4/4 Responsible for the working of the dust destructors.
1892 Pall Mail G. 4 Oct. 2/1 One hundred tons are extracted
per week and burned in a destructor furnace,
i. Deatey'otory, a.andsb, Obs. [f, L. type
*destructori-us, {, déstructor; see prec. and -oRryY.]
A. adj. Of the nature of a destroyer; = Dr-
STRUCTIVE,
1614 Br. Anprewes Serm. on Prov. sorly. azag TV. (3853)
Gs It is destructory, a destroying sin. 1627 URTON
‘aiting of Pope's Bull x3 So destructory of that most
pr , and pe 16.. Sw NE S/
(1686) 228 Which impediment .. is not only prohibitory, but
destructory.
B. sb. =DEsTRUCTIVE 5).
ax6ar S. Wanrv Life Faith (1627)
School ph J eae § Posti rosaries, de-
structories, ‘Anthologies. Br. Maxwett Prerog. Chr.
Kings viii. 94 You have point blanke the contrary, a virtuall
destructory of this imagined and conceited right.
_99 Subtilties of
262
Destru‘cturalize, v. [Dz- II. 1.] “vans. To
undo the structural character of; to disorganize.
Hence Destructuralization.
1880 Libr. Univ. Knowl. 1. A literal destruction (i. e.
de-structuralization), an utter final disorganization.
Destrust, -turb, -turble, obs. ff. Disrrusz, etc,
+ Destuted, fa. pple. Obs. rare. [perh. a cor-
rupt form 6f destituted, {. L. destituére, which had
the sense ‘to neglect, omit’. But the verb Desti-
TUTE is not known till much later.] Omitted, left
out.
c1300 K. Adis. 2199 This batail destuted is, In the or
wel y-wis, Therfor I have, hit to calour, Bosowed of
Latyn autour How hent the gentil knyghtis.
Destyne, var. of Destiny fl. a. Obs.
Destyne, -nie, -ny, obs. ff. Destine, DESTINY.
Desubstantiate (disvbstanjije't), v. [f Dr-
II. 1+. substantia SUBSTANCE + -ATE: after seb-
stantiate.] trans. To deprive of substance.
1884 Mrs. H. Warp tr. Amtel's JYrni. (1891) 255 The
mind is not only unclothed but stripped of itself and so to
speak de-substantiated.
+ Desu‘bulate, v. Ods. rare—°. [f. L. déstbu-
| dire to bore in deeply, f. De- I. 3 + si#bu/a an awl.)
1623 Cockeram, Desudu/late, to pierce with a nale.
Desudation (disizdé'-fan). Med. [ad. L. ae-
. sudation-em violent sweating, n. of action from
déstidare to sweat greatly, f. DE- 3 + siédare to
sweat. So in mod.F. (Littré.).]
1727-51 in CuamBers Cyc/. 1857 Duncuison Med. Lexicon
2 Doadaion means a profuse and inordinate sweating,
a muck sweat.
+ Desu‘datory. Os. rare—°. [f. L. type *dé-
siidatorium, {, déstidare: see prec. and -oryY.
1727 Baitey vol. II, Desudatory, an hot House or Bagnio.
+ Desuerte, a. Obs.rare—°, [ad. L. désuét-us
pa. pple. : see next.]
1727 Baiwey vol. II, Desuete, out of use.
Desnetude (de'switivd). [a. F. désudtude
(1596 in Hatzf.), ad. L. désuétido disuse, f. désuét-
us, pa. pple. of désuéscére to disuse, become unac-
customed, f. DE- 6 + suéscére to be accustomed, to
(1635) 131 A
be wont.]
+1. A discontinuance of the use or practice (of
anything) ; disuse; + protracted cessation from.
1623 Cocxrram, Desuetude, lacke of vse. 1629 tr. Herodian
enerall lazinesse and desuetude of Martiall
Exercises. 1652-62 Hevutn Cosmogr., To Rdr., My de-
suetude from those younger studies. 1661 Boyte Style
of Script. (1675) 139 By a desuetude and neglect of it.
1677 Hare Prim. Orig Man. 1. iv. 160 Desuetude from
their former Civility and Knowledge. 1706
Account of Chapter (1853) Pref. xv, By a
acting, expire, and be buried in oblivion.
b. The passing into a state of disuse.
18ar Lams Elia Ser. 1. New Year's Eve, The gradual
desuetude of old observances. ;
2. The condition or state into which anything
falls when one ceases to use or practise it; the
state of disuse.
i: SERGEANT
lesuetude of
1637-50 Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 14 To revive acts buried |
and brought in[=into] desuetude by Prelats. 1678 R. Bar- |
ciay Apol. Quakers x. § 22. 315 The weighty Truths of God
were neglected, and, as it were, went into Desuetude, 1703
Lond. Gaz. No. 3914/4 Reviving such {Laws) as are in
desuetude. 1820 Scort Afonast. i, The same mode of culti-
vation is not yet entirely in desuetude in some distant parts
of North Britain. 1826 Q. Rev. XXXIV. 6 This beautiful
work .. fell (as the Scots lawyers express it) into desue-
tude. 1874 Green Short Hist. iv. § 2. 168 The exercise of
rights which had practically passed into desygtude.
Desulphur (désv'lfar), v. [f. De- Il. 2 + Sun-
pHUR. So mod.F. désudfurer.] trans. To free from
sulphur ; to desulphurize.
1874 W. Crookes Dyeing & Calico-printing 85 Wool de-
prived of naturally adhering grease, and heated to 160°,
assumes a — tinge, which is‘deeper when the wool
has previously been de-sulphured.
Desulphurate (désvlfitire't), v. [f. De- Il. 1
+ SULPHURATE v.] =prec. Hence Desu'Iphurated
DESULTORY.
M™ a ie
diese dla Nek Merete aang seo,
Cleveland ironstone so as to convert it straightway into
steel will be an ished fact.
Desult (disw'lt), v. nonce-wd, [ad. L. désultare
to leap down, f. Dg- 1 + saltdre to leap.) intr.
To precend in a desultory manner.
. Cottins Pr. C L. vi I digress, I desult
me Miranda tl. 244 Hinwiag Sesatedoen been mena]
of lting and digressing. 1876 Maser Cottins Black-
smith & Scholar 1, 201 We must not desult.
Desultor (disw'ltf1). vare. [a. L. désultor
leaper down, vaflter, agent-noun from désilire,
désult- to leap down.] A circus horse-leaper.
{x Bawey vol. Il, Desultores, desultorii, Persons of
agility of body, who used to leap from one horse to another,
at the Horse Races in the Circensian Games.] 1880 M.
Cotuins Th. in Garden 1. 183 Clowns and desultors in
ragged jackets were hanging about.
‘Desultorily (de-sdltarili), adv. [f. DEsuLTORY
+-L¥2,] Ina desultory or random manner; un-
methodically,
1664 Everyn Mem. (1857) III. 146 Or else he had not
so desultorily our Universities and the Navy. 1803
Med. Frni. X. 306 The late influenza .. proceeded desul-
torily in some cases, in others it was more regularly pro-
ressive. 1812 Suectey Let. in Hog: iF (1858) IT. v. 140
ave I written desultorily? % arpy 7ess I. vi,
They had spent some time wandering desultorily. ~
Atkinson Moorland Par. 324 Birds hopping slowly and
sultorily about. |
De'sultoriness. [f. as prec. + -nEss.] The
quality of being desultory ; scrappy discursiveness ;
disconnectedness ; lack of method.
1661 Bov.e Style of Script. Pref. (1675) 10 The Seemin;
Desultorinesse of my Method. si | Bautey vol. II, Desud-
toriness, the Skipping from one Thing to another. 1788
Rew Act. Powers u. iii. 538 There is a desultoriness of
thought in man. 1816 Bucuan in Singer Hist. Cards 360
Excuse the desultoriness of these observations. 1870 /’ad/
Mall G. 9 Aug. 12 Accidental defects of desultoriness and
sketchiness.
Desultorious (desvltderias), a. [f. L. désul-
tort-us DESULTORY + -0US.] = DESULTORY a. 1.
1637 Gittesriz Eng. Pop. Cerem. ui. ix. 52 O desultorious
Declamation! O roving Rethorike! a@1638 Mepr Xem.
A foc. Wks. (1672) 111. 582 Our desultorious and shifting In-
terpreters. 1703 Br. Patrick Comm, 2 Sam. vi. 10 David
danced with ae and decent, not desultorious and
light motions, such as vain fellows are wont to use. 1719
Warertann Vind. Christ's Divinity 459 Fixing the Sense
of Scripture, and | eet its being ill-used by desultorious
Wits. 1819 H. Busk Vestriad m. 525 Tripping with loose
and desultorious toe.
Desul (de'sdltari), a. (sb.) [ad. L. désud-
tori-us of or belonging to a vaulter, superficial, de-
sultory, f. désultor: see Desuutor.] A. adj.
1. Skipping about, jumping or flitting from one
thing to another; irregularly shifting, devious;
wavering, unsteady. “it. and fig.
1s8r Mutcaster Positions xxxix. (1887) 220 Not resting
vpon any one thing, but desultorie ouer all. 1594 Ber.
Anprewes Serm. LU. 68 ‘Winter brooks’ as Job termeth
flitting desultory Christians. 1655 Futter Ch. Hist. m. ii.
§ 31 The Crown, since the Conquest, never observed a
regular, but an uncertain and desultory motion. 1699
Bentiey Pal. 86 Persons of a light and desultory temper,
that skip about, and are blown with every wind, as Grass-
h rs are. 1699 Burnet 39 Ar/, xx. (1700) 195 All men
ought to avoid the I ions of a desull Levity. 1748
J; Mason Elocut. 19 To cure an uneven, desultory Voice
.. do not begin your Periods .. in too high or too low a
Key. 1754 Enis in Phil. Trans, XLIX. 132, That de-
sultory motion, by which it flies off from an electrified body.
1784 H.Eusorr in Dk. of Leeds's Pol. Mem. (1884) 259 There
is also a peculiar bana? amas in His R n
eye. 1789 G. Waite Se. x¥. (1853) 63, I shot at it But
it was so desultory that I missed my aim. ey Romie
Paraguay Proem., Ceasing here from desultory flight.
2. Pursuing a disconnected and irregular course of
action ; unmethodical. :
1740 Waxsurton Let, 2 Feb. (R.), This makes my reading
wild and desultory, 2 Burke Corr. (1844) I. 427 riting..
not in a desul i , but systemati-
ppl. a., Desulphur‘ating vi/. sb. and fp/. a., De-
sulphura‘tion. g
1757 tr. Henckel’s Pyritol. 109 To which the ane
must, by the desulpburation, be reduced. EARSON in
Phil. Trans. LXXX1. 361 The difference of the times re-
quired for desulphurating the antimony. 1875 H. C. Woop
Therap. (1879) 619 Not really a desulp 1g pound.
Desulphuret (désv'lfiiiret), v. [f De- 1. 2
+ SULPHURET.) ¢rans. To deprive of sulphurets or
sulphides. Hence Desulphuretted f//. a.
- Ure Dict. Arts 111. 847 Soda which contains sul-
phides is preferred for making the mottled..soap, whereas
the desulphuretted soda makes the best white-curd soap.
Desulphurize (diswIfitirsiz), v. [f. Dx- Il. 1
+SULPHURIZE v.] dans. To free from sulphur.
1864 Wenster, Déesulphurise. 1892 Pall Mall G. 4 June
7/3. To induce them to desulphurize all their waste.
ence Desu'lphurized ///. a.; Desu'lphuriz-
ing vé/. sh. and ppl. a.; also Desulphuriza‘tion,
Desu'lphurizer.
1854 Ronatps & Ricuarpson Chem, Technol. 1. 106 In
this sense the production of coke may also be called the de-
sulphurization. 1870 J. Roskett in Eng. Mech. 18 Mar.
647/1 It is also a flux and a desulphuriser. Cassell’s
Fam. Mag. Dec. 59/2 Desulphurised silicates. 1892 Daily
z
cally. 1779 Mav. D’Arstay Diary 14 June, She is a very
Toon y read ~ 1827 Hare Guesses (859) 146 Desultory
is very
loose, discontinuous thought.
85s Muman Lat. Chr.
(1864) IV. vu. i. 3 A y ig warfi
1872 Geo. Evior Hiadlem. Xx1x. (1873) 104 Guests whose
At . A,
desult Mer makes their a fatigue. 1876
Srusps Med. & Mod. Hist. ii. 41 temptation to desultory
research must in every case be very great, and desultory re-
h, ho it benefit the investi ”
“Side adds much to the Teal stock of human knowledge.
b. Of a single thing: Coming disconnectedly ;
random.
R, L’Esrra .), "Tis not for a desultory thought
ry pt for a ey life. 1822 Haziirr 7adle-t.
Ser. 11. vi. (1869) 131 He no sooner meditates some desultory
project, than fete). .
e. Irregular and disconnected in form or appear-
ance; motley. rare.
Auson Hist. Eu (1849-50) XIII. Ixxxtiii. § 42.
ua they ee lacied Oe they gazed on the long and
desul array ks _.. sweeping by. 1866 Howetis
Venet. Life ii. 19 A beggar in picturesque and
°°"B sé. A horse trained for the ‘desultor’ in a
circus. Ods. rare—'.
—- Urqunart Radelais 1. xxiii, ‘These horses were called
tories.
DESUME.
+ Desu'lture, Obs. rare—°.
leaping down, vaulting.
1727 Baizey vol, II, Desudture, a vaulting from one horse
to another, :
+Desu'me, v. Obs. [ad. L. désiim-ére to take
from a mass, pick out, cull, f, DE- 2 + simére to
take.] ¢vans. To take or obtain (from some
source) ; to derive, borrow, deduce.
1564 Hawarp Exutropius To Rdr. 7 A language more rife
and familiare than those from whence he [Tully] desumed
them. 1623 Hart Arraignm. Ur. Ep, to Rdr. Aij, Some
things desumed from mine owne experimentall knowledge.
1646 Sir T. Browne Psend. Ef. ut, xiv. 140 Nor is this Sala-
manders wooll desumed from any Animal, but a Minerall
substance. 1697 Porrer Antig. Greece u. xiii. (1715) 304
From this Species, those, whose profession it was to inter-
pret Dreams, have desumed their Names. :
+Desu'mption. Oés. rare. _[n. of action f.
L. désiimére, ppl. stem desumpt-.] Taking (from
some source).
1656 Biounr Glossogr., Desumption, a chusing, or taking
out. 1775 Asn, Des ption, the act of taking from others.
Desupernaturalize: see De- II. 1.
+ Desvoy’, 7. Ods. rare—'. [a. OF. desvoy-er,
var. of desvier:—late L. type *disuddre for L. de-
viare; see DE-1.6,] zntr. To go out of the way,
to deviate.
1481 Caxton Myrr, 11. xiv. 166 By which they desuoy and
goo out of the waye.
Deswade, obs. form of DissuApDkE v.
+ Deswarré, #//. a. Obs. [a. AFr. *deswaré,
OF. *desguaré, *desgaré = OF. esguaré, eswaré,
esgaré, mod.F. éguré.] Gone out of the way; that
has lost his way, gone astray, stray. Another form
of the word is in the title S¢- Dégarré = knight
deswarré, in the quotation.
¢ 1314 Guy Warw. (A.) 6003 A kni3t icham deswarre, Pat
in [v. x. herborough] y bid par charite.
Desy, obs. var. of Dizzy.
Desynonymization (déjsing:nimoizéi-{on).
[n. of action f. next: see -aTion.] The process
by which words originally synonymous come to be
differentiated in use.
1862 H. Spencer First Princ. u. xix. § 153 It has been re-
marked .. that with the advance of language, words which
were originally alike in their meanings acquire unlike mean-
ings—a change which he [Coleridge] expresses by the formid-
able word, ‘desynonymization’, /é¢d., The desynonymiza-
tion of words is the ultimate effect.
Desynonymize (dsing‘nimoiz), v. [f. De-
Il. 1 + SyNonyM + -1ZE,]
1. trans. To differentiate in meaning words pre-
viously synonymous,
1817 CoLeriDGE Biog. Lit, iv. (1870) 42 In all languages
there exists an instinct of growth .. working unconsciously
to desynonymize those words originally of the same meaning.
1827 Hare Guwesses Ser. 1. (1873) 220 His [Coleridge’s] word
to desynonymise .. is a truly valuable one, as designating
@ process very common in the history of language. 1882
Farrar £arly Chr. 1. ix. 205 There had been a rapid ten-
dency to desynonymize the words ‘ bishop’ and ‘presbyter’.
b. To free from synonyms.
1873 F. Hatt Mod. Eng. 169 To form an idea of the
extent to which our language has been-desynonymized.
2. intr. To cease to be synonymous.
a1862 Buckie Misc. Wks. (1872) 1. 547 Remarks on the
tendency of words to desynonymize.
Hence Desyno‘nymized ///. a., -izing vb/. sd.
and Zi. a.
1833 J.C. Hare in Ss Museum 11, 224 From the
desynonymizing tendency before spoken of. 185r TRENCH
Study of Words vi. (1869) 225 The process of ‘ desynonymiz-
ing’. 1884 Farrar Like 359'AvaSena is onlya desynonymised
form of the same word [ava@nua].
+ Desyte, v. Obs. rare. [?f. L. déstt-, ppl. stem
of désinére to cease: cf. DESITION.] ? To leave off.
@ 1529 SKELTON Cod. Cloute 8 Eythyr for to endyte or else
for to desyte. g
Det, earlier spelling of Drsr sd. and a.
(ditee'tf), v In 5 distache. [a. F.
aétache-r, earlier destacher, destachier (sath c. in
Godef.) = Pr., Sp. destacar, It. distaccare, f. Rom.
des-, L. dis- (Dis-) + Rom. acca, F. tache nail,
tack, fixed point, spot. Cf. ArracH, Used by
Caxton in form distache from OF. des- (see Des-) ;
but the existing word appears to have been adopted
from modern F. late in the 17th c.]
1. ¢rans. To unfasten and separate; to disconnect,
disengage, disunite, /2¢. and fig,
[ec 477 AXTON Fason 115 b, He distached and ripte it of.]
1686 F. Spence tr. Varilla’s Ho. Medicis 7 Coglione de-
tach’d himself out, for the viewing him the better, 1691-8
Norris Pract. Disc. 1V. 219 We must now Detache and
disingage our Hearts from the Creatures, 1736 ButLer Axa,
Il. vii. 333 The testimony of S. Paul is to be considered as
detached from that of the rest of the Apostles. 1794 SULLIVAN
View Nat. 11.6 The flints .. I can readily conceive to have
been detached from mountains very distant from them. 1797
Mann in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 446 The French have
long sought to detach Austria from England. 1798 Lamp
Rosamund Gray xi, (1t] only tends to soften and tranquillise
my mind, to detach me from the restlessness of human pur-
suits. 1800 tr. Lagrange’s Chent. 1. 335 The caloric en-
deavours to detach carbonic acid from the lime. 1847 Mrs,
A. Kerr Hist. Servia 258 Nor could Kara George venture
to detach himself from the Russians. «1868 FreEeMAN Norm,
Cong. (1876) 11. App. 575 Northamptonshire and Hunting-
[ad. L. désultira,
263
donshire were afterwards again detached from Northumber-
land. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. I. 314 A failure to detach
— hooks simultaneously may lead to the swamping of the
at.
2. Mil. and Naval. To separate and send off
(a part from a main body) for a special purpose;
to draw off (a regiment, a ship, or the like) for some
special mission. Also ¢ransf.
1684 Scanderbeg Rediv. vi. 145 A Body of Foot and Dra-
goons was Detached to Attacque their Cannon. 1697 PotTER
Antiq. Greece 1. xxvi. (1715) 181 The Chivalry shall be
detacht out of the most puissant and wealthy Athenians.
1706 Puitiips (ed. Kersey), Zo detach (Fr. in the Art of
War), to make a Detachment, to send away a Party of
Soldiers upon a particular Expedition. 1727 H. Branp
Milit, Disc. xix. 287 When Battalions are Detach’d for the
covering of the General’s Quarters, it only goes for a Tour
of Fatigue. 1748 SMottett Rod. Rand. (1845) 148 She was
immediately detached to look out for a convenient place.
Fort Iustr. & Reg. Cavalry (1813) 257 During this the
front line detaches skirmishers. 1855 Macau.ay //ist, Eng.
III. 678 Several regiments. .detached from the army which
had lately besieged Limerick.
absol, 1809 WELLINGTON in Gurw. Desf. IV. 400 If they
should venture to detach, they will lose both kingdoms.
3. intr. (for ref.) To disengage and separate one-
self, to become disconnected.
1842 Tennyson Vision of Sin iii, Detaching, fold by fold,
From those still heights, and slowly drawing near.
Hence Deta‘ching v/. sb. and ffl. a.
1865 CartyLeE Fredk. Gt. (1873) VI. xv. xi. 62 Stronger
than they by their detachings. 1874 Knicur Dict, Mech.
Boat-detaching Hook, one adapted to be suddenly cast
loose when a boat lowered from the davits touches the
water. 1884 Pall Mall G. 25 July 11/1 The detaching
shaft springs back. , 1890 Athen 21 June 795/3 That
detaching and absorbing interest which from time to time is
necessary to physical and mental well-being.
Detachabi'lity. [f. next: see -1ry.] Capa-
bility of being detached.
1825 CoLeriIpGE Aids Ref. (1861) 255 Its singleness, its
detachability for the imagination. 1878 Scribner's Mag.
XVI. 434/1 We only realize the detachability of things when
we see a baby at work.
Detachable (dite'tfab’l), a [f. prec. vb. +
-ABLE.] Capable of being detached or separated.
1818 Bentuam Ch. Eng. 406 This detachable mass of pay.
1834 Hraser's Mag. X. 700 Poetry yet intrudes in separate
and detached or detachable passages. 1867 Maccrecor Voy.
A lone (1868) 22 The chart frame is also detachable from its
place. 1878 Dowpen Stud. Lit, 241 Many good things in
particular passages of her writings are detachable. 1883
Standard 6 Apr. 5)'2 The detachable spear point of the
Fraser River savage.
Deta‘chableness. [f. prec. +-nxss.] Capa-
bility of being detached.
1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (1870) 1. 564 The detach-
ableness which distinguishes ideas that are fully developed.
Detached (dite tt), 247, a. [f. DETacH v. +
-ED.] Disconnected, disengaged, separated ; sepa-
rate, unattached, standing apart, isolated.
1706 Puitiirs (ed. Kersey), Bastion detached or cut off,
that which is separated from the Body of the Works. 1712
J. James tr, Le Blond’s Gardening 29 The House stands de-
tached. 1727-51 Cuambers Cyc/. s.v., In painting, the figures
are said to i well detached, or loosened, when they stand
free,and disengaged from each other. 1791 BoswEti Yohknson
Advt., Innumerable detached particulars. 1794 SULLIVAN
View Nat. II. 77 Ore found in large detached masses. 1801
Mrs. Cu. Smitu Solitary Wanderer 11. 38, 1 took a small,
but elegant, detached house. 1860 TyNDALL Glac. 1. vii. 47
In the centre .. stands a detached column of granite. 1868
Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) Il. ix. 409 A few detached
events must be mentioned. 1879 Sir G. G. Scorr Lect,
Archit. I. 149 Attached and detached shafts may be used
alternately. 1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. 1V. 27/2 The villa
stands alone, or as it is termed ‘detached’.
Detachedly, adv. [f. prec. + -ty2.] Ina
detached manner; disconnectedly; apart from
others of the same kind, or from context, etc.
1797 E. M. Lomax Philanthropfe 252 The tree, the rock,
or the meadow, considered detachedly from one another.
1824 Sir E. Brypcrs Lett. on Byron, Some of the senti-
ments [in ‘Cain’], taken detachedly .. are .. dangerous.
1847 Lp. Linpsay Chr, Art I. 122 We are at liberty .. to
consider them detachedly.
Detachedness (ditet{tnés, -édnés). _[f. as
prec. + -NESS.] The quality of being detached or
of standing apart; separation ; isolation.
1768 Wom. of Honor I11. 214 So complete had his detach-
edness been from his family. 1892 A thenwum 17 Sept. 392/2
It may be that this ‘detachedness’—unkind persons call
it selfish .. is an el of a noble strain.
Detacher (dite'tfa1). [f. Deracu v. + -ER 1]
A person or thing that detaches; an apparatus or
instrument for detaching.
1884 Bath Herald 27 Dec. 6/5 After being carried through
certain apparatus called detachers, the wheat passes through
centrifugal dressers,
Detachment (dite't{mént). [a. F. détachement
(1642 in Hatzf.), f. détacher: see -MENT.]
1. The action of detaching; unfastening, discon-
necting, separation.
1669 WoopHEap S¢. Teresa 1. Pref. 35 A perfect Detach-
ment, and clearing of our affections from the friendships of
the creature. 1699 J. Woopwarp in Phil. Trans, XX1. 208
So continual an ission and Detach of Water, in so
great Plenty from the Parts of Plants. 1783 Porr Chirurg.
Wks, II. 17 A detachment of fibres from the fascia lata of
the thigh. 1876 W. H. Pottock in Contemp. Rev. June 55
‘The growth of the drama has .. gone hand in hand with
its detachment from the service of its parent. 1880 Car-
ee
DETAIL.
PENTER in 19¢h Cent. No. 38. 612 Bergs which show least
signs of change since their first detachment from the parent
mass.
2. Mil. and Naval. The separating and dispatch-
ing of part of a body of troops, etc., on special
service.
1678 Puitiirs, Detachment, a word now very much
brought into use, in relations of the affairs of the French
Army, and signifies a drawing off of a party from one place
for the relief or assistance of some party, upon occasion, in
another place. 1693 Lutrreti. Brief Red. (1857) II. 116
They confirm the detachment of the dauphine with 25,000
men tothe Rhine, 1724 De For Mem. Cavalier (1840) 107
The army, after so many detachments, was not above nine-
teen thousand men, 1748 Cuesterr. Left. II. clx. 75 Which
would have .. caused a great detachment from their army in
Flanders, 1841 Evpuinstone //7st. Jud. I. 143 [They] had
become tenants on condition of service instead of mere officers
on detachment.
3. concr. A portion of an army or navy taken
from the main body and employed on some sepa-
rate service or expedition > any party similarly
separated from a main body.
1678 Butter //vd. ui. iii. 35 Haunted with detachments,
sent From Marshal Legion’s regiment. 168 Lutrrett
Brief Ret, (1857) 1. 89 He has sent out a detachment of six
witnesses, to confound Fitzharris’s discovery. 1724 De For
Mem. Cavalier (1840) 68 Detachments were made out of
every regiment to search among the dead. 1739 Cipper
A fol. x, 273 A Detachment of Actors from Drury-Lane. 1781
Gisson Dec?. & /*, III. lii. 256 A detachment of cavalry in-
tercepted his march, 1838 ‘THirtwatt Greece I. xv. 291 He
sent a detachment of his fleet to seize the island of Cythera.
1859 F. A. Grireirus Arid. Max, (1862) 112 A gun detach-
ment consists of one non-commissioned officer and nine
gunners.
attrib. 1881 J. Grant Cameronians 1. i. 3 The smartest
officers are usually selected for detachment duty. 1881 Mrs.
ALEXANDER Freres iii, He was almost immediately told off
for detachment duty.
4. A standing apart or aloof from objects or cir-
cumstances; a state of separation or withdrawal
from connexion or association with surrounding
things.
1862 Maurice Mor. §& Met. Philos. IV. iii. § 36. 88 This
detachment from Italian feelings might have led one to
expect [etc.], 1871 Tynpaty Fragm. Sc. (1879) I. iv. 126 The
mountain sprang forth with astonishing solidity and detach-
ment from the surrounding air. 1874 Morey Compromise
(1886) 115 Oxford, ‘ the sweet city with her dreaming spires’,
where there has ever been so much detachment from the
world. 1883 Bz7t.Q. Rev. Oct. 392 An apartness or detach-
ment from self. 1888 Bryce Amer. Conmmw. IL. un. lili.
335 The detachment of the United States from the affairs of
the Old World.
b. A condition of spiritual separation from the
world. (Cf. 1669 in 1.)
1798 Lams Rosamund Gray xi, The stronger I feel this de-
tachment, the more I find myself drawn heavenward. 1853
M. Ke tty tr. Gosselin'’s Power of Pope 1. 91 To inspire all
the faithful with the spirit of detachment. 1856 J. H. New-
MAN Cadlista 199 A most heroic faith, and the detachment
ofasaint. 1865 T. F. Knox Life Henry Suso 152 Let all
who suffer with detachment rejoice. 1891 Daily News 3 Apr.
5/2 There is no such excellent cure for ‘detachment’ as an
attachment.
4| Erroneously for ATTACHMENT I-2.
1706 Puitwirs (ed. Kersey), s.v. Detachiare, Yo seize or take
into eustody another man’s goods or person by writ of
Detachment or other course of law. 1727 Baiey vol. II,
Detachment, in Law, a sort of Writ.
Detail (dttézl, d7teil), sb. [a. F. déail (12the.
in Hatzf.) thé action of detailing, the result of this
action, retail, f. stem of détazller: see next. App.
first adopted in the phrase 2 detatl, F. en détail,
opposed to ez gros in the gross, wholesale. Sense
5 represents the F. déta7l du service, distribuer
Vordre en détail, Feuquieres, a 1711.)
1. The dealing with matters item by item; de-
tailed treatment; attention to particulars. Esp.
in phrase 2 (+ ¢he) detail, item by item; part by
part; minutely; circumstantially. So ¢o go into
detatl, i.e. to deal with or treat a thing in its
individual particulars.
1603 HotLanp Plutarch’s Mor. 306 (R.) As if a man would
say, that necessary it is for him to offer wrong in detaile,
who mindeth to do right in the gross. 1706 Puiturs Detazl
(Fr.), the particular Circumstances of an Affair; as These
advantages need not be offered in Detail to your View.
1734 Pore Ess. Man, Introd., I was unable to treat this
part of my subject more in detail. 1769 Gotpsm. Rom. Hist.
(1786) I. 320 They .. perhaps condemned them in the gross
for defects, which they thought it not worth while to mention
in the detail. 1785 Cowper Vhs, (1837) XV. 163 The conse-
quences need not, to use the fashionable phrase, be given in
detail. 1840 Grapstone Ch. Princ. 69 The fear of punish-
ment in the gross orin the detail. 1847 Emerson Rev. Men,
Szvedenborg Wks. (Bohn) I. 332 His revelations destroy
their credit by running into detail. 1868 M. Pattison
Academ. Org. iv. 110 Relieved from the drudgery of detail.
1870 FREEMAN Vor, Cong. (ed. 2) 1. App. 558 The tale, which
is told in great detail, is doubtless mythical in its details.
1884 Law Vimes Rep. 16 Feb. 773/2 We had to go into
detail, so as to make the case clear.
b. Mil. In detail; by the engagement of small
portions of an army or force one after another.
War of detail, a war carried on after this fashion,
instead of by general engagements. (Often fig.)
1841 Miatt Noncon/. I.1 Their war has been one of detail,
not of principle. 1842 H. Rocrrs /ztrod. Burke's Wks. 85
Pursuing a war of detail instead of acting on some uniform
scheme. 1845 Forpn //andbk, Spain 2 Being without union
DETAIL.
[it] is also without strength and has been beaten in detail.
Froupe Hist. Eng. 111. xiii. 116 Without concert ..
without a leader they would be destroyed in detail. 1886
Strokes Celtic Ch. 293 He [Brian Boru] defeated his enemies
in d
2. A minute or circumstantial account; a detailed
narrative or description of particulars.
1695 Woopwarp Nat. Hist. Earth = pee 238 But
I must be forced wholey to wave and su le the Detail of
these. 1726 Adv. Caft. R. Boyle Pref Aiv, The following
Sheets are a detail of Fortunes I have run through. 1810
(title), A Chronological detail of events in which Oliver
Cromwell was engaged, from 1642 to 1658. 1815 T. Forster
Almosph. Phenom, p. ix, Aristotle .. appears to have given
a more minute detail of the various appearances of clouds
..and other = 1825 Lytton Falkland 9 But my
detail must be rather of thought than of action.
3. An item, a particular (of an account, a process,
etc.) ; a minute or subordinate portion of any (esp.
a large or complex) whole. (See also 4 a.)
‘But that is a detail!’ is a current phrase humorously
making light of what is perhaps really an important element
in the matter in question.
= T. Jerrerson Wit, (1859) 1. 560 It has given me de-
tails .. which are very entertaining. 1832 Hv. Martingau
Demerara ii. 16 The details of the management of a plan-
tation. ~~ J.S. Macautay Field-Fortif. 267 Hedges ..
skirted Ld etails of ground that may render them obstacles.
1853 J. H. Newman Hist. S&. (1873) I. 1. iv. 194 In the details
of dress, carriage, and general manners, the Turks are very
different from Europeans. 1863 Fr. A. Kemare Resid. in
Georgia 17, I shall furnish you with no details. 1868 Dickens
Lett. (1880) II. 393 Be particular in the minutest detail.
b. collective sing. The particulars or items of
any whole considered collectively.
1861 Mitt U¢ilit. v.71 Nobody desires that laws should
interfere with the whole detail of private life. 1886 Laz
Times UX XX. 193/2 Legal questions .. full of dry and un-
interesting detail.
4. Fine Arts. a. A minute or subordinate part
of a building, sculpture, or painting, as distinct
from the larger portions or the general conception.
b. collective sing. Such minute parts collectively,
or the manner of treatment of them, (Also ¢rans/.
in reference to natural objects.)
1823 P. Nicnotson Pract. Build. 309 The detail of both
sculpture and masonry on the building. 1846 Ruskin Mod.
Paint. I... v. §.15 The detail of a single weedy bank
laughs the carving of ages to scorn. o F. R. Witson
Ch. Lindisf. 85 There are no architectural details of interest.
1882 Hamerton Graphic Arts iv. 29 The most careful study
of antiquarian detail is united to an artist's vivid recollection
of the colour and sunshine of the South. 1865 J. Fercusson
Hist. Archit. 1.1.1. ii. 232 The Assyrian honeysuckle. .forms
as elegant an architectural detail as is anywhere to be found.
e. Arch. Short for detail drawing(s, working
drawings.
1819 P, Nicnotson Archit. Dict. 1. 383 Detail, the de-
lineation of all the parts of an edifice, so as to be sufficiently
intelligible for the execution of the work. ‘The detail is
otherwise denominated the working drawings. 1876 Gwitt
Encycl. Archit, Gloss., Details, aterm usually applied to the
drawings on a large scale for the use of builders, and gene-
rally called working drawings, 1892 Archit. Publ. Soc.
Dict, VILL. s.v. Working Drawings, Working drawings ..
consist of plans, elevations, sections, details of construction
+. many being to the full size.
5. A“. a. The distribution in detail, to the
different officers concerned, of the Daily Orders first
given in general, with apportionment to each di-
vision and subdivision of the force (and finally to
individual officers and men) of the share of duty
falling upon them in their order; hence, the list or
table showing the general distribution of duty for
the whole force (general or + grand detail), or the
particular distribution of that falling upon any
division or subdivision of it ( particular detail).
Office of Detail (in U.S. Navy Dept.), the office where the
roster of officers is kept, and from which orders as to duty
are issued,
Y Order Dk. Marlborough in Kane Camp Disc. (1757)
4 The Adjutant-General is to keep all the Details and an
account of all things that happen in the Army. 1708 —
Order ibid. 4 Of Details, Whereas great Inconveniences have
epaeed in changing the Details after made, it is agreed
.. by all the Generals of the Army, that all Details made at
orderly Time should stand, though several other Details
came afterwards; and that they should march accordingly,
though the others made before did not march. a x71 /did.
3 The Brigadier of the Day is to distribute the Orders he
received immediately to the Majors of Brigade; and see
that all the Details are made upon the vp 1727 H.
Bianp Milit. Discip: 281 (ch. xix, T7i¢/e) Of the Method in
anders for the Receiving and Distributing of the Daily
Orders ; General Detail of the Army (by which is meant the
General Duty to be form’d by t cers and Soldiers)
with the Form of a er, or Table, by which the Duty of
Entire Battalions, and the Officers, is regulated. dd. in
Simes Milit, Medley (1768) 69 Our late Monarch, the glorious
pay William .. was perfectly knowing in the small as well
as the grand detail A ip army. ¢1745 Kane Camp. Disc.
(749) 36 Whenever the Quarter-master General demands
a hment, to go along with him to reconnoitre, they
are to be furnished diately from the Troops, and
it will be allowed them in the next Detail. 1778 Orderly
book, es peg ae 9) 28 ., Detale for outline pickett
this evening. 1779 U.S. Army Regulation, [The adjutant)
must assemble the first serjeants of the companies, make
them copy the orders, and ge them their details for the
next day. Cart. G. Smitu Univ. Milit. Dict. s.v.,
Detail 7 Date is a roster or table for the regular .. per-
formance of duty, either in the field, garrison, or canton-
ments. The general detail of duty is the proper care of the
264
of brigade, who are guided by the roster for the officers,
meen ertendes for the men to be occasionally furnished.
The adjutant of a regiment keeps the detail of duty for the
officers of his vy mea 1781 T. Simes Milit. Guide (ed. 3)
9 The Major of Brigade is charged with the particular detail
in his own brigade in much the same way as the Adjutant-
neral is charged with the general detail of the army. 1853
| een ey Milit, Encycl. s.v. Detail of Duty. 1894
Brigade Orders, Aldershot (MS.) 1. Detail, ‘14.10.
Brigade Captain, Adjutant and Picquet: 2nd Worc. ¢
Special Picquet Hospital Hill: 2nd Lein. R. Bri; Quarter-
master: 2nd Ches. R. Drums: 2 Lein. R. pany for
Fire Screen Drill: none. Duties No. 1 Canteen : 2nd Ches.
R. Duties No. 2 Canteen: 2nd Lein. R. Visitor to Bde.
Schools (a Captn.): 2nd Ches. R.
b. The detailing or telling off a small party
for a special duty. ©. concr. A small body de-
tached for a particular service or duty; a small
detachment. Originally military, but extended to
the police, etc.
[1708 see under a above.)
1780 Gen. WasHinGton Order 14 Mar., The fatigue party
for finishing the new orderly room is to be furnished by |
detail from the line of the army. 1828 Weester, Detail 2,
A selecting of officers or soldiers from the rosters. 1862
Beverince //ist. /ndia 1. v. vii. 458 A small body of cavalry,
and a detail of European artillery. 1884 Daily News 3 Mar.,
The ground ..wasexplored .. by the Mounted Infantry and
by details from the regular Cavalry. 1885 Gen. Grant Pers.
Mem, 1. xx. 278 Details that had gone to the front after the
wounded. 1888 Troy Daily Times 6 Feb., An extra detail
of police is always made .. and the crowd is not allowed to
block the exit.
Detail (ditz-l), v. [a. F. détailler (12th c. in
Hatz.-Darm.), to cut in pieces, retail, deal with or
relate circumstantially, f. De- I. 3 + ¢az//er to cut
in pieces. Adopted in English only in the trans-
ferred uses.]
1. trans. To deal with, give, relate, or de-
scribe minutely or circumstantially ; to give par-
ticulars of; to enumerate, mention, or relate in
detail.
1637-50 Row //ist. Kirk (1842) p. xliii, The proceedings. .are
too long to be here detailed. 1751 Jounson Rambler No.
177 P3 When I delivered my opinion, or detailed my know-
ledge. 1802 Mrs. E. Parsons A/yst. Visit I. 1 He was too
modest to .. detail news and scandal from house to house.
1875 Lye. Princ. Geol. II. 1. xxvii. 62 From the whole of
the facts above detailed, it appears [etc.]. 1875 SckrtvENER
Lect. Text N. Test. 10 Certain peculiarities to be detailed
hereafter, 1879 Cassedl's Techn. Educ, 1V.90/1 We have now
detailed all the various coverings ordinarily put upon books.
absol. 1841 D'Israeitit Amen, Lit. I]. 7 There were
| occasions when they [monastic writers] were inevitably
graphic,—when they detail like a witness in court.
| assyeged and deteyned.
2. AZl. To appoint or tell off for a particular |
duty. (See Derain sé. 5.)
1793 Laws of Mass. c. 1 § 32 Whenever a detachment is
made, the officers, non-commissioned officers and privates,
being able of body, shall be detailed from the rosters or rolls
for the purpose. 1810 /d/d, c. 107 § 31 The officers, ordered
to be detailed to serve on courts martial shall be detailed in
the following manner. 1828 Wepster, Detaii, to select, as
an officer or soldier from a division, brigade, regiment, or
battalion. 186x Swinnoe N. China Camp. 329 The First
Division, under General Michel, was detail fox this work
of destruction. 1861 W.H. Russect im 7imes 14 May 1o/,
His cartridges were out, and he was com Hed to Netail
some of his few men to make them out of shirts, stockings
and jackets. 1868 Sir R. Narier in Morn. Star 30 June,
I trust she is now recovering under the care of the medical
officer .. who has been detailed by me to provide for her
comfort. 1885 Gen. Grant Pers. Mem. 1. xxi. 293 Soldiers
who had been detailed to act with the pr & 1886 A/anch.
Exam. 19 Jan. 5/6 The field officers of the Royal Horse
Guards detailed for the escort of Her Majesty.
b. transf.
1837-40 Haisurton Clockm. (1862) 248 We propose de-
tailing you to Italy to purchase some originals for our gal-
lery. 1868 Daily News 2 Sept., The dry dock .. will start
on its.. voyage across the Atlantic, being towed by five
vessels to be detailed for the purpose. M. Cotttins
Transmigr. 111, xviii. 269 A trim little waiting-maid.,whom
I detailed to wait upon Grace.
3. Arch. To detail on the plane: to be exhibited
in profile by abutting against the plane; said of a
moulding. (Ogilvie.)
1875 Encycl. Brit. 11, 403/2 At the base they detail on the
pavement or floor of the stylobate. /did. 404/1 The glyphs
detail on the tenia of the archi » but are ly
finished above. 5
4] 4. ? Confused with Entrar v.2 (sense 4).
1794 Gopwin Cal, Williams 289 Who had. .sworn to detail
upon me misery without end.
Hence Detai'ling vd/. sd, and ffi. a.
1810 Laws of Mass. c. 107 §ar In case of inability .. of
any officer..to serve..the detailing officer shall such
circumstance to the officer who ordered the court martial.
1866 CartyLe Edw. Jrving 2 Considerable gossiping and
uizzical danling, u Lopp in Anowd. 7 Sept. 147/2
These] need no detailing here,
(dttévld), gp’. a. [f. DETaAm v. +
-FD1,]_ Related, stated, or described circumstan-
tially; abounding in details; minute, particular,
circumstantial.
1740 Warsurton Div, Legat. ww. 83 note (R) In a professed
and detailed on the subject. 1855 Macautay //is?,
Eng. 1V. 419 No detailed of the evidence has come
down to us, Ruskin Pol. Econ. Art 6, 1 will not lose
time in any detailed defence. Freeman Norm. Cone.
is
(1876) I. iv. 254 In my more detailed narrative of Engli
Geass fhe at
b. Fine Arts. Executed in detail ; furnished with
all its details.
1867 A. Barry Sir C. Barry viii. 283 A fully detailed cor-
nice of the order.
ec. transf. Of a writer : Given to detail, cireum-
—
REEMAN Norm. Cong. (1 . xviii. 153 Described.
Sete oe bene ph pap die Sg
oy catalyse. 4 a0 See
. Pyrcnes in Mont a +210 regrets
that I have not gone ion At. | eth donk, 1842
J. Steruxc Ess. § Tales (1848) I. 439 Its positiveness,
shrewdness, detailedness, incongruity. 1887 Benson Laud
104 The..extent and detailed itici
Detailer (ditélo1). [f. Deram v. + -Er1.]
One who details or relates circumstantially.
1794 Crit. Rev. Jan., The detailers of anecdotes. a 1809
Sewarp Lett. VI, 135 (T.) Individuality was sunk in the
number of detailers.
Dertailism, wonce-wd. [f. Devart sb, + -1sM.]
A system of attention to details.
1865 Lewes in Fortn. Rev. 1. 588 There has been a re- |
action against conventionalism which called itself Idealism,
in favour of detailism which calls itself Realism.
Detain (ditzn), v. Forms: 5-7 deteyn(e,
6-7 detein(e, deteign(e, detayn(e, detaine, (7
deten), 7- detain. [Late ME. deteine, deteyne,
a. OF, detenir (12th c. in Littré), detener (Britton)
= Pr, and Sp. detener, Cat. detenir, It. ditenere:—
Rom. type *dé-tenére for L. détinére, to hold off,
keep back, detain, f. Dr- I. 2 + senére to hold. For
theroot-vowel cf. con/ain, maintain, sustain, retain.]
1. trans. To keep in confinement or under re-
straint ; to keep prisoner.
[1292 Britton 1. v. § 3 Ou si
lici le fet det ]
1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 145 The peres of fraunce beyng thus
1548 Hatt Chron. to A tra’ ow
whiche is apprehended and detei in prisone for his
offence. 1605 Campen Kem. 16 King Richard first
was deteined prisoner. 1761 Hume //ist. Eng. III. lix. 279
He was detained in strict fi 1884 Miss Brappon
Flower & Weed 2 * Beg your on, sir,’ said the constable
..‘I shall be obliged to detain you till this business is
settled.’
+b. pass. To be ‘holden’ or possessed with
(infirmity, disease, etc.). Obs.
a 1440 Found. St, Bartholomew's 18 With this so grete A
sykenes was he deteynyd. 1549 CHALoner Erasmus on
Folly V iijb, To be deteigned with suche a spece of mad-
nesse. 1660 Broome Archit. Cb, A Maide of the City
Corinthia. .detained with sicknesse, dyed.
2. To keep back, withhold; es, to keep back
what is due or claimed. ? Ods.
€15§35 in Froude Short Stud. (1876) 1. 422 The said abbot
hath detained and yet doth detain servants wages. —
Fietcuer & Massincer Elder Bro. v. i, My sword
— by the King..but afterwards by the instinct of the
form of the writ .. is sometimes in the
sometimes in the dedinet only : that is, the writ states .. that
the defendant owes and unjustly detains the debt or thing in
uestion, or ad that he unjustly de¢ains it. me Miaer
ist, Eng. iii. 1, 288 The interest of the sum dulently
detained in the Exchequer by v; Cabal. right.
+b. To keep (a person Fredy Obs.
1583 Stuspes pa Aldus, 1. (1882) 80 Hereby the poore
pastors are deteined from their right, and almost beggered.
+3. To keep, retain (in a place or position, in
a state or condition, or in one’s possession). Oés.
(exc. as associated with 4.)
1542 Wace Dofele ie. S250 oes That in all accu-
sations the defendant might in unto him counsel, 1578
Banister //ist. Man vy. 66 Some [glandules] are as
beddes vnto -Veynes, jes, to deteine
xix. (Jam. § .), To
1632 Lirucow 7av. v. 195 Rivers mentioned in the Scrip-
tures, which to this day their names. Pacirr
Christianogr. 1. ii. (1636) 41 inhabitants of Spaine are
detained in superstition, by t i of the Inquisition.
1774 Gotvsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) 11. 159 When we fix and
ig upon the same object.
: transl, détinére of
th { too
+b. To hola, hold
to detaine the traeth of God! in. i su a
ILLOTSON Servi. *743 ve en ve ar
nowled; God; if t it by their life and
a - Ganielawed Gat
TIL strong
- = detained by a Garisonof Turkes. 1642 Lanc. Tracts
(Chetham Soc.
walled Towne
Armie.
+d. To hold, , keep the attention of.
Oe tes ene
TESS & Ps. Ixxiii, 7 No good on earth doth
Poy Mates dase, Mel. 11. ii. vi. iii.
301, | am mightily detained and allured with that and
DETAIN.
wants those striking revolutions, those unexpected discover-
ies, so essential to engage ard to detain a spectator.
te. To constipate, ‘bind’ ; also adso/. to cause
constipation. Odés.
1580 Frampton Dial. Vron & Steele 158 The water that
cooleth the yron, doeth detayne the bellie. /7d. 158 b, It
is byndyng, and therefore it doeth deteyne.
4, To keep from proceeding or going on; to
keep waiting; to stop. (The ordinary current
sense. )
1592 Suaxs, Ven. & Ad. 577 For pity now she can no more
detain him. 1644 Miron EZdue. Wks. (1847) 99/2, I shall
detain you no longer in the demonstration of what we should
not do. @1665 Sir K. Dicsy Private Mem. (1827) 89 Here
‘Theagenes resolved to detain him self some time. 1790
Patey Hore Paul. Rom. ii. 12 The business which then
detained him. 1825 Copsetr Kur. Rides 424, 1 was de-
tained .. partly by the rain, and partly by company that
I liked very much. 1861 Dutton Cook P. Foster's D. i,
Don’t let me detain you. 1891 E. Peacock NV. Brendon
I. 113 We will not detain our readers. 1892 77es (Weekly
Ed.) 21 Oct. 2/4 The vessel. .is detained in quarantine.
+5. To keep back or restrain from action; to
hinder ; to delay. Ods.
1600 E. Biount tr. Conestaggio 54 But he resolved not
any thing, deteined by his blinde commission, and the
advise of some other Capteines. 1621-51 Burton A nat. Ze.
ut. ii. 11. (1676) 326/t Modesty would detain them from
doing amiss. 1681 DrypEn Ads. § Achit. 244 How long wilt
thou the general joy detain: Starve, and defraud the People
of thy Reign?
+ Detai'n, sd. Obs. rare—'. [f. DETAInv.] The
action of detaining, or fact of being detained; de-
tention.
1596 Srenser F, Q. v. vi. 15 And gan enquire of him with
mylder mood The certaine cause of Artegals detaine.
etainable (ditéinab’l), a [f. Drrain v. +
-ABLE.] Capable of being detained.
180r W. Taytor in Monthly Mag. XII. 581 It seems. .de-
tainable, like water, by an attraction of cohesion, on the
surface of certain bodies.
Detai‘nal. rare. [f. Devan v.+-an5.] The
act of detaining ; detention.
1806 W. Taytor in Aux, Rev. 1V. 116 The injustice of the
detainal is a disgrace to Bonaparte.
+ Detainder. Os. Also deteinder, detain-
dor. Variant of DreraIneR 2, perhaps influenced
by attainder, remainder.
1672 Essex Papers (Camden) I. 35 Y° deteinder of moneys
by y’ Farmers upon pretence of defalcations._170r BevERLEY
Afpoc. Quest. 32 There is also..in it the Detaindor of a
Disease, a Catochus, and a Catoche,a Dead Sleep, or In-
sensibility with Pungency, or Vexation.
Detainer ! (ditzi-nar). Also 6 deteiner, -our,
deteynour, 7 detayner. [f. Drrain v. + -ER!:
perh. orig. a. AF. *defenour =OF, deteneor, -eur.]
One who‘or that which detains; see the verb.
1531-2 Act 23 Hen. VIII, c. 5 § 3 To punisshe the
dettours and deteiners of the same by fines. 1547 Act 1
Edw. VI, c. 3 § 2 To punish .. the deteinour. 1586 J.
Hooker Girald. Irel. in Holinshed 1. 51/1 The deteiners
of the kingdome of England against the lawfull heire. 1647
R. Bartuie Lett. & Fruds. (1842) IIL. 14 It pleased God to
make his detainers let him goe. 1 Def. Liberty agst.
Tyrants 120 He. .is..an unjust detainer which takes another
Mans goods against the Owners will, 1850 Cuuss Locks
§& Keys 10 This lock. .contains. .several independent move-
able detainers of the motion of the bolt, any one of which
would alone prevent that motion; the key was adapted to
move and arrange all those detainers simultaneously.
Detai‘ner’. Zaw. Forms: 7 deteiner, de-
teigner, deteyner, 7— detainer ; evron. 7 -or, 8
-our. [a. Anglo-Fr. de/ener inf. used subst. Cf,
cesser, disclaimer, retainer: see -ER 4.]
The action of detaining, withholding, or keeping
in one’s possession; spec. a. The (wrongful) de-
taining of, or refusal to restore, goods taken from
the owner for distraint, etc.
1619 Darron Countr, Fust, vii. (1630) 27 By distress or
deteyner of the defendant’s goods; 1768 BLacksToNnE
Comm, 11. 150 Deprivation of possession may also be by
an unjust detainer of another’s goods, though the original
taking was lawful. 1817 W. Setwyn Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4)
II. 1123 If the tenant, before distress, tender .. the arrears
of rent, the taking of the distress becomes wrongful .. but if
the distress has been made, and before impounding the
arrears are tendered, then the detazxer only is unlawful.
1865 Nicnots Britton 11. 249 In like manner shall widows
recover damages for the wrongful detainer of dower,
b. Forcible detainer: see quot. 1769.
1619 DALTon Countr, Fust. xxii, (1630) 61 One ect of
Peace may proceed in .. cases of forcible entry or Deteiner,
I Brackstone Comm, IV. 7 An eighth offence against
the ga peace is that of a forcible entry or detainer 3
which is committed by violently taking or keeping posses-
sion, with menaces, force, and arms, of lands and tenements,
without the authority of law. 1800 Appison Amer. Law
Rep. 4x Indicted for a forcible entry and detainer.
ce. The detaining of a person ; esp. in custody or
confinement.
1640 in Rushw. Hist. Cod/. (1692) 11. I. 20 That the Cause
of their Detainer may be certified. 4 Br. SMALLRIDGE
(J.), St. Paul sends him back again, that Philemon might
have no reason to be angry at his longer detainour. 1795
Curistian in Blackstone's Comm. (1809) I. 425 Lord Mans-
field granted a habeas corpus, ordering the captain of the
ship to bring up the y of James Somersett, with the
cause of his detainer. 1884 Law Times Rep. 16 Aug. 759/2
There was no evidence. .of the detainer of the child either
by force or fraud.
Vor, III.
265
d. A process authorizing the sheriff to detain
a person already in his custody; spec. a writ
whereby a prisoner arrested at the suit of one
creditor might be detained at the suit of another.
1836-9 Dickens Sk. Boz (1850) 274/1 Unless the gen’Im’n
means to goupafore the court, it’s hardly worth while waiting
for detainers, you know. 1848 Wuarton Law Lex, s.v.,
A process lodged with the sheriff against a person in his
custody is called a detainer. 1855 ‘'HackErAy Nezcomes
I, 248 The detainers against him were trifling.
Detaining, v/. sd. [f. Derain v. + -1NG1.]
The action of the verb DErain ; detention, with-
holding, +seizure, etc. (Now usually gerundial.)
@ 1535 More /ks, 386 (R.) That their paine in the fire wer
but a detaining therin bysome strenger power then themselfe.
1572 Sc. Acts Fas. VI (1597) § 50 ‘Taking and deteining of
prisoners, ransounes, buitinges. 1600 E. Br.ount tr. Cones-
taggio 125 He then conceived the cause of his detaining.
1632 tr. Bruel’s Praxis Med. 97 Catalepsis is a sudden de-
taining both of soule and body. 1768 BracksTone Comm.
III. ix. (R.), To shew the cause of his detaining in prison.
1795 Femina 1. 165 He scorned your detainings.
etaining, ///.a. [f. as prec. +-ING?.] That
detains ; see the verb.
1822 T. Taytor Apuleius vi. 12r The detaining earth.
1865 Busunect Vicar. Sacr. Introd. (1868) 25 The detaining
power of a dogmatizing effort.
Hence Detai‘ningly adv.
1856 Titan Mag. Aug. 119/2 He gazed at her entreatingly
and detainingly. 1880 Argosy XXIX. 388 Laying her hand
detainingly upon his arm.
Detainment (ditzi:nmént). Now rare. [f.
Detain v, + -MENT: cf. OF. detenement.] The
fact of detaining, or of being detained ; detention.
1586 Death Earl Northumberl. in Somers Tracts (1751)
iv. III. 422 As well of the Cause of the Earl’s Detainment, as
of the Manner of his Death. 1622 Matynes Auc, Law Merch,
159 The danger of generall or particular Embargos of Ships,
the likelihood of detainements of Kings and Princes. 1641
Fruls, Ho, Cont. 11. 15x His Detainment close Prisoner.
1755 Macens /usurances 1. 456 The unjust..Detainment of |
their Ships. 1883 Lp. BLacksurn in Law Reports 8 App.
Cases 398 Arrests, restraints and detainments of princes..
involve such a taking of the subject insured out of the
control of the owners.
Detainor, -our, erron. ff. DETAINER 2.
+ Detainure (ditz:niii). Ods. [f. Drain v.
+ -URE: cf. OF. deteneure.] =DETAINER2 (of
which it may be a rcfashioning).
164r in Rushw. /7/st. Col?. (1692) 11. I. 340 Unlawful
Seisure and Detainure. 1710 Pripraux Orig. Tithes v. 315
A Sacrilegious detainure of that which is..due unto God.
Detane, -nie, -ny, obs. ff. Dirrany.
Detant (ditent). [A variant of Dxrent,
affected by the pronunciation of mod.F. déente
(detaat) trigger ;* established in this sense in gun-
smiths’ use.] In the mechanism of a gun-lock, an
oscillating tongue pivoted over the half-cock notch
in the tumbler, to prevent the sear from catching
therein when the cock falls. ;
1884 T. Sreepy Sfort v. 60 Rifles which are generally
made with a very light pull not exceeding two or three
pounds, and on the tumbler of which a detant is attached,
in order to carry the scear over the half-cock. 1894 W. A.
Greener (77 letter), Detant not Detent is the usual spelling
.. the German technical word for the gun-lock defant is
Schleuder.
+ Deta‘rd, v. Ods. [a. OF. detarder, also des-,
to retard, delay, f. des- (L. dzs-) + tarder to delay :—
L. tardare, f. tardus slow.] trans. To retard, delay,
1675 TEONGE Diary (1825) 46 Leave to com on shoare..
was detarded. 1693 W. Freke Art of War ix. 264 Let
them detard their pursuers, and save their lives by scatter-
ing their Treasures.
+ Detaste, v. Obs. rare. [var. of DIsTastE:
see Dr- I. 6.] =DisrastE; to dislike, loathe.
1614 Ear Stirtinc Doomes-day vu. ciii, Who now in dark-
ness do detaste the day.
+ Det-bound, var. of DeBt-Bounn, Af/. a. Obs.
Mortgaged, tpg ape
1541-2 Burgh Rec. Edin. 20 Jan. (Jam. Suppl.), The hous
+. wes detbound to the said os 0 ines
Dete, obs. form of Dest, Dirry.
Detect (ditekt), A4/. a. [ad. L. détect-us, pa.
pple. of détegére to Detect. After the formation
of Detect v., used for some time as its pa. pple.]
Detected ; disclosed ; discovered ; open, exposed.
ta. as pa. pple. Obs. b. as adj. arch.
&@. 1387 ‘TRevisa Higden (Rolls) V. 243 Thei were detecte
by the olde moneye y-schewede. 1460 for ee Chron, 134
e was that same day detect that a strumpet was in his
chaumbir. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 273 b, [I] haue
detecte & declared the errours. xgg5 Apr. Paka vs
cxix. 346 Detect I haue my wayes to thee.
b. 1661 Lovett Hist. Anim. § Min. Introd., Their gills
are detect. 1854 Syp. Dosett Balder xix. 81 Detect, dis-
owned, detested, and despised, There is no power to which
ye can be true,
Detect (dite'kt), v. [f. ppl. stem détect- of L.
détegére to uncover, discover, detect, f. Dz- I. 6 +
tegére to cover. The earlier ppl. adj. Drrecr (see
prec.) was retained as pa. pple. of the verb, till
gradually displaced by detected.]
+1. trans. To uncover, lay bare, expose, display
(something covered up or hidden). Ods.
1447 Bokennam Seyntys (Roxb.) 7, I preye .. that ye de-
tecte It in no wyse wher that vylany It myht haue, 1526
DETECTION,
Pilgr. Perf. (W.de W. 1531) 34 b, Whiche illusyon ..as soone
as it was detected & brought to lyght..anone it auoyded.
1563-87 Foxe A. § M. (1684) II. 73/2 Secret Confession,
wherein Men do detect their sins in the Priests ear. 1594
Ord. of Prayer in Liturg. Serv. ie Eliz. (1847) 664 Detect
and reveal still the foundations and buildings of all treasons
and conspiracies. 1668 Cu_peprer & Coir Barthol. Anat.
1. iii. 5 On one side the Fat besprinkled with its Vessels,
and on the other side certain Muscles Detected. 1691 Case
of Exeter Coll. Pref. Aij,'Vhe badness of his cause was
sufficiently detected by the weakness of his defence. 1739
LapetyeE Short Acc. Piers Westm. Bridge 41, 1 cannot
Answer this Objection, without detecting a gross Ignorance
in those that proposed it.
+2. To expose (a person) by divulging his secrets
or making known his guilt or crime; to inform
against, accuse. Ods.
€1449 Pecock Refr. 1. xvi. 88, I detecte here no man in
special. 1577-87 Ho.insHepn Chron. I. 41/1 Whose last
words .. detected him of manifest ambition. 1594 HooKER
Ecct. Pot, (1676) 342 The Gentlewoman goeth forward, and
detecteth herself of a crime. 1603 Suaxs. A/eas. for M. 1,
ii. 129, I neuer heard the absent Duke much detected for
Women, 1604 R. Cawprey Zable Alph., Detect, bewray,
disclose, accuse. 1645 Pacitt //eresiogr. (1646) 9 And he
also cut a young wenches throat, lest she should detect him.
b. To divulge, reveal, give information of (a
thing). Ods.
14685 /Tist. Doc. Roch. (E. E.T.S.)7 But if it shall hap so
to know any such [heresies], I shall detecte them to myn
ordinarie. 1725 De For Voy. round World (1840) 314 One
of the lieutenants discovered and detected this villanous
contrivance.
3. To find out, discover (a person) in the secret
possession of some quality, or performance of some
act; to find out the real character of.
181 Petrie Guazzo’s Civ. Conv. 1. (1586) 28 b, In processe
of time she was detected to be one of a naughtie slan-
derous tongue. 1711 A/ed/ey No. 39 If he is detected of the
rossest Calumnies, he goes on to repeat them again, as
if nothing had happen'd. 1774 Gotpsm. Grecian Hist.
I. 99 Cleomenes.. being detected of having suborned the
priestess, slew himself. 1789 Bentuam Princ. Legisl. xi.
§ 24 You have detected a baker in seliing short weight, you
prosecute him for the cheat. 1870 E. Peacock Ralf Shirl,
III. 214 Like a schoolboy detected in robbing an orchard,
1875 Jowetr P/ato (ed. 2) III. 209 Your dishonesty shall
do you no good, for I shall detect you.
4. To discover, find out, ascertain the presence,
existence, or fact of (something apt to elude observa-
tion).
1786 C. Lucas Ess. Waters 111. 263 The former obstacles
must be abolished as soon as detected. 1997 Gopwin Ex-
quirer 1. vi. 43 We detect all the shades of meaning. 1823
J. Bapcock Dom. Amuse. 25 It is acapital good test for
detecting arsenic in any liquid whatever. 1835 Browninc
Paracelsus ii, What use were punishment, unless some sin
Be first detected? 1847 Emerson Repr. Men, Napoleon
Wks. (Bohn) I. 373 Napoleon examined the bills of the
creditors himself, detected overcharges and errors. 1849
Murcuison Séluria iii. 45 Sandstone in which no other
remains but fucoids have been detected. 1882 Pesopy Eng.
Fournalism xvi. 120 He was a man..with an eye that de-
tected a false note in an article.
Hence Dete-cted A//. a., Detecting vb/. sd.
1602 SHaxs. //am. m1. li. 95 Well my Lord. If he steale
ought the whil’st this Play is Playing, And scape detecting,
I will pay the Theft. 1654 Coprincton tr. (ist, Jestine
518 To collect the detected Oar [=ore}]. 1660 Mitton Free
Comm. (1851) 449 ‘The detected Falshood and Ambition
of som, 1694 tr. A7élton’s Lett. State Aug. 1656 The vilest
and most openly detected Assassinates, 1836 J. GILBERT
Chr. Atonem., ii. (1852) 52 Who would not .. frown it away
as a detected cheat ?
Detectabi'lity. ave. [f. next: see -1ry.]
1805 W. Taytor in Monthly Mag. XIX. 219 With far
feebler detectability.
Detectable (ditektib’l), a Also -ible. [f.
The spelling -2d/e is accord-
DETECT v. + -ABLE.
ing to L.analogies, but L. -¢ect/bz/is does not occur. ]
Capable of being detected.
1655 Futter Ch, Hist. vit. ii. 419 More were concealed
by parties not detectable. 1831 Blackw. Mag. XXX. 122
No heel-tap was detectable. 1845-6 G. E, Day tr. S¢yz07's
Anim. Chem. IL, 151 The amount of phosphates .. is ex-
tremely minute, and no longer detectible by the ordinary
tests. 1871 R. H. Hutton £ss. I. 340 The real link not
being detectable without a special and individual insight.
1888 Bryce Amer. Comm. I1, 124 Where illegitimate
expenditure is more frequent and less detectible.
Hence Detectably adv.
1887 Standard 1 June 5/3 The result is a ‘detectably*
different liquid. :
Detection (ditekfon). [ad. L. détection-em
(Tertullian), n. of action from déegére to DErxct.]
The action of detecting.
+1, Exposure, revelation of what is concealed;
criminal information, accusation. Oss. -
1471 Riptey Comp. Alch, Rec. xi. in Ashm, (1652) 189
That Oylysh substance .. Raymond Lully dyd call Hys
Basylyske, of whyche he made never so playne deteccyon.
1529 tpl Dyaloge m1. iv. Wks. 211/t Wherfore it were
not reason in a detection of heresy, to suffer,.. the crime
wel proued, any new witnesses to be receyued. 1541 Pay-
NEL Catiline xxxvi. 54b, The Senate decreed Tarquinius
detection to be false. A. Gitsy (¢7tZe), Ant answer to
the devillish detection of Stephane Gardiner, Bishoppe of
Wynchester. 1 Brief Exam. Aijb, The detection and
detestation..of the whole Antichrist of Rome. _ 1570-6 Lam-
BARDE Peramb, Kent (1826) 209, I will not sticke to bestow
a few wordes for the detection thereof. 1691 Case of Exeter
Coll, 30 But this fallacy..must not escape without a detec-
tion. 1709 STEELE 7atler No. 76 P 4 When by a publick
Detection they fall under the Infamy they ve 1807
34*
DETECTIVE.
Crane Par. Reg. 1.710 In alll detections Richard first
confessed,
2. Discovery (of what is unknown or hidden);
finding out. Ods. exc. as in b.
1623 ERAM, Detection, a discouerie. 1702 C. MATHER
a oy Chr. 1. i. 3 Americus Vesputius, a Florentine, who
in year 1497, made a further Detection of the more
Southern Regions in thi tinent.
b. sfec. ‘The finding out of what tends to elude
notice, whether on account of the particular form
or condition in which it is naturally present, or
because it is artfully concealed; as crime, tricks,
errors, slight symptoms of disease, traces of a sub-
stance, hidden causes, etc.
1619 Naunton in Fortesc. Papers 105 Whether .. safe for
him to attend him selfe in person, without danger of de-
tection. 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 183 P7 It is easy for
the author of a lie, however malignant, to escape detection.
1791 Mrs. Rapciirre Rom. Forest viii, She wondered to
what part of the abbey these chambers belonged, and that
they had so long esca detection. 1798 Frerriar ///ustr.
Sterne vi. 175 One of the most curious detections of his
imitations, 1856 Dove Logic Chr. Faith v.i. § 2. 278 The
utmost stars of our present faint detection. 1874 Mortey
Compromise (1886) 29 The detection of corresponding
customs, opinions, laws, beliefs, among different communities,
a Gustarson Found, Death i. (ed. 3) 2 Adulteration, now
perfected almost beyond the possibility of detection.
Detective (ditektiv), a. and sb. [f. L. détect-
ppl. stem: see Derect v. and -1ve. (The sb. has
been adopted in mod.F, from English.)]
A. adj. Having the character or function of de-
tecting ; serving to detect; employed for the pur-
pose of detection.
1843 Chamb. JFrni, X11. 54 Intelligent men have been
recently selected to form a body called the ‘detective police’
..at times the detective policeman attires himself in the
dress of ordinary individuals. 1862 SHirtey Nuge Crit.
vii. 303 Every author now looks after his mind, as if he were
a member of the detective police. 1882 E. P. Hoop in
Leisure Hour Apr. 227 Instances of the detective power of
ridicule. 1882 SpurGEON 7veas. Dav. Ps. cxxii. 1 [It] is
detective as to our character. 1893 T. Bent Ethiopia 62
Regardless of..strangers, and my wife's detective camera.
B. sh. One whose occupation it is to discover
matters artfully concealed; particularly (and in the
original application as short for defective police-
man, or the like) a member of the police force
employed to investigate specific cases, or to watch
particular suspected individuals or classes of of-
fenders. Private detective, one not belonging to the
police force, who in his private capacity, or as
attached to a Detective Agency or Bureau, under-
takes similar services for persons employing him.
1856 Ann. Reg. 185 Some London detectives were de-
spatched, to give their keen wits to the search. 1871 B.
Taytor Faust (1875) 1. Pref. 12 There are critical detectives
on the track of every author. 1875 Jowett P/ato(ed. 2) III.
39 The criminal turned detective 1s wonderfully suspicious
and cautious. 1876 D. R. Fearon School Inspection § $2
go If the inspector is to be anything more than a mere de-
tective of faults. attrib. 1883 Anna K. Green (¢it/e)
X Y S, a Detective Story. k
Hence Dete‘ctiveship, the office or function of
a detective; Dete‘ctivist, sonce-wd., one who
professedly treats of detectives.
1877 J. Hawruorne Garth III. 1x. Ixxv. 184 In my amateur
detectiveship. 1892 W. WaLtace in Academy 24 Sept.
261/1 It may be hoped that Dick Donovan is the last of the
detectivists in fiction.
[a. L. dé-
Detector (détektar). Also -er.
tector (Tertull.), agent-n. from L. détegére to DE-
trEct.] He who or that which detects.
+1. A person or thing that discloses, brings to
light, or reveals ; one who informs against or ac-
cuses ; a revealer; aninformer, an accuser. Ods.
154t Paynet Catiline xxxiv. 52 The detectour is false and
corrupted with mede. 1611 Cotcr., Encuseur, a detecter,
discloser, ee: accuser. 1614 Raveicu /fist. World
v. iii, § 18 (R.) As a reward unto the detectors of lands
concealed. 1637 Bastwicx Litany iv. 3 Those should be
punished, that were d s and ifesters of them.
1680 Baxter Cath. Commun. (1684) 30 This is to comply
with the World, that taketh the detecter only for the
sinner. 1742 Younc Nt. 7%. ii. 641 A deathbed’s a detector
of the heart. Here tir'd dissimulation drops her q
2. One who finds out that which is artfully con-
cealed, or which tends to elude observation.
1605 Suaks. Lear m. v. 14 O Heauens ! that this Treason
were not ; or not I the detector! Evetyn Diary 7 Jan.,
Dr. Joyliffe..first detector of the lymphatic veins. 1
Jounson, Detecter, a discoverer, one that finds out w!
another desires to hide. 1791 Boswett Yohnson (1887) I. 407
Rev. Dr. Douglas, now Bis! ceet Salisbury, the great detector
of impostures. 1840 Mitt Diss, & Disc., Bentham (1859) 1.
352 The keenest detector of the errors of his predecessors.
3. An instrument or device for detecting the pre-
sence of anything liable to escape observation,
for indicating any deviation from normal conditions,
or the like.
@. An arrangement in a lock by which any attempt to
tamper with it is indicated and frustrated. b. A low-water
indicator for a boiler. c. A small portable galvanometer,
which indicates the flow and direction of a current of
detector of each lock. 1850 Cuuse Locks & Keys 13 Fis
detector-spring. 1874 Kwicut Dict. Mech. s.v., Chubb had
a detector in his lock of 1818. 1889 G. FinpLay Zag. Rail-
way 75 ‘ Detector Bars’ are employed on parts of the line
which cannot be seen by the si to prevent the
si being lowered when the line is occupied by a train,
Tbid., ‘Detector Locks’ are ee to facing points, and
are worked by the wire that works the signals. Munro
etc. Pocket Book of Electrical Rules (ed. 9) 395 should
be tested on the thick wire of a detector. /did. 396 For
fault inspection, a detector or galvanometer, a battery, knife,
etc. 1894 C alalogue, Galvanometers and Measuring Instru-
ments :—Detector Galvanometer, wound for intensity, re-
sistance up to 500 Ohms,
Detei(g)n(e, etc., obs. forms of DETAIN, etc.
+ Detenebrate, v. Ols. rare. [f. De- IL 1
+L. stenebre darkness, tenebrare to darken.]
trans. To free from darkness or obscurity.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. vi. vi. 296 To detenebrate
and cleare this truth. 1656 Blount Glossogr., Detenebrate,
to dispel or drive away darkness, to bring light.
Detenewe, obs. form of DeTINvE.
Detent (dite'nt), sd.1 (Also 7 detton.) [a. F.
détente, OF. destente (Froissart, 14th c.), deriv.
of détendre ‘to slacken, unstretch, undo’, in OF.
destendre, {. des-, L. dis- privative (cf. Dg- 6) +
tendre to stretch. (In L. distendére the prefix had
a different force: see DISTEND.)
The earliest application of the word in French was to the
destente of the arbalest or cross-bow, whereby the strained
string was released and the bolt discharged; hence it was
transferred to the analogous part in firearms. In English,
the word seems to have been viewed as connected with
L. détinére, détent-, and so with detain, detention, and to
have been modified in meaning accordingly. The fact that
the same part which allows of the escape of that which is
detained or held tense, is also often the means of detention,
favoured this misconception of the word.§ : ‘
1. gen. A stop or catch in a machine which
checks or prevents motion, and the removal of
which brings some motor at once into action.
1831 Brewster Nat. Magic xi. (1833) 283, When a spring
was touched, so as to release a detent, the figure immediately
began to draw. 1832 Bappace Econ. Manu/. viii. (ed. 3) 59
Leaves a small dot of ink on the dial-plate whenever a
certain siop or detent is pushed in. 1860 Proc. Amer. Philol.
Soc. VII. 339 A detent shoots the slate back and a new
record begins. 1869 Daily News 16 Mar., The handle, on
being pulled, releases a detent in the guard’s van, which
allows a weighted lever to drop and pull up the slack of
a chain which communicates with the engine whistle.
Atheneum 25 Dec. 874 A Christmas recollection. .more than
fifty years old .. These boxes .. had each a little slit, into
which, a halfpenny being dropped, a detent was let go, the
box would open, and the pipe might be filled. 1871 TynpaLt
Fragm. Sc. (1879) 1. xx. 488 An engineer. .loosing a detent,
can liberate an amount of mechanical motion [etc.]. /éid.
II. vii. 97 When these crystals are warmed, the detent is
lifted, and an outflow of light immediately begins.
2. spec. a. In a gun-lock: see DeTanr.
b. In clocks and watches: The catch which
regulates the striking.
1688 R. Hotme Armoury ut. 374/t In the Clock. .the
two Dettons with their Notches, that strike into two Wheel
Detton Latches. 1704 J. Hakris Lex. Vechn., Detents, in
a Clock, are those stops, which by being lifted up, or let fall
down, do lock and unlock the Clock in striking. 1825 J.
Nicnorson Oferat. Mechanic 509 When the oil thickens,
the spring of the pivot-detents become so affected by it, as
to prevent the detent from falling into the wheel quick
enough, which causes irregular time, and ultimately a stop-
page of the watch. 1884 F. J. Brrrren Watch & Clockm,
85 The detent of a chronometer escapement is the piece of
esl ‘wales the stone Which detains or locks the escape
whee
e. In locks.
1850 Cuvss Locks & Keys 28 If any one of the tumblers
was lifted too high, it overset the detector detent, which by
a spring action fastened the bolt.
3. attrib, and Comd., as detent-wheel, -catch,
-work; detent-joint, the ‘ ag RS ’ by which
the pectoral spine of a siluroid fish is kept erect.
1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn., s.v. Watchawork, The
Detent-wheel moves round every Stroke the Clock striketh
or sometimes but once in two Strokes, 1822 Imison Se.
4 Art I. 93 Regard need only be had to the count-wheel,
striking-wheel, and detent-wheel. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech,
L 60, 2 A detent-catch falls into the striking-wheel of a
clock, and stops it from striking more than the right number
of times. 181 Greener Gun 244 The furniture filer also
fits the detent work for the hair-triggers.
+ Detent, s/.2 Obs. [?f. L. détent- ppl. stem
of détinére to Devain.] ? Restraint.
cx465 Pel. Rel, §& L. Poems (1866) 10. Gabull of the
chancery begynyth *heu mihi!’ that is his preve bande,
and detent of treson.
+Detent, #//. a. Obs. [ad. L. détent-us, pa.
ple. of déinzre to Drrarn.] DerratneD; kept
k ; ‘holden’ (with pec etc.). ‘
Tn quot. 1494 perha’ t tense.
¢ meaty j (Rolls) 1. 361 After that thei be detente
with longe infirmite thei be brou3hte to another yle. 1494
Fanyan Chron. vu. 591 And yet for that his mynde nothynge
detent All goostly helthe for his soule to prouyde.
Detention (ditenfon). [?a. F. détention (13th
c. in Godef. Suppl., = Pr. detention, Sp. detencion,
electricity, used for testing purposes, d. An apparatus for
detecting the presence of torpedoes under water, a torpedo-
detector. e@. attrib. in various senses, as detector-bar,
sgalvanometer, -lock, -spring, etc. 3
1833 J. HotLanp Manat Metal 11. 275 His success in
It. det ), ad. L. détention-em, n. of action from
détinére to Devain. The word is late in Eng. and
may have been taken immed. from L.] The action
of detaining, or condition of being detained.
| detained, pa. pple. of détenir to detain.
‘in custody or confinement ;
p Peay op toe , a place where arrested foie
lock-up. =
21570 in Spottiswood Hist. Ch. Scot. (16: H iy
M iA detention under safe custody. ot pon
Reft. Peace 37 The state of detention in which the King and
g for his d 1871
Mortey Voltaire (1886) 204 The detention of a French
citizen by a Prussian agent in a free town of the Empire was
a distinct .. illegality.
+b. Bodily restraint by infirmity, etc. Ods.
rare. 4
1650 Futter Pisgah 1. v. 86 Darkness for three days, not
. from the suspension of the s or detention of the
Epraans eyes.
. Thekeeping back or withholding of what is
due or claimed.
or witholdinge, detentio. 1607
1552 Hutoet, D. ig
Suaxs. Timon u. ii. The detention of long since due
debts. 1640-1 ir br, War-Comm. Min, Bk. (1855) 21
Such monie .. shall be frie of any common burden by
detentione of any pairt of the annual rent. 1727-51
Cuampers Cycl., Detention ..is chiefly used in an ill
sense, for an unjust withholding, etc. 1861 Stantey Zas?.
CA. vii. (1869) 238 We can hardly suppose that his opp
really believed him guilty of the. .detention of the corn.
3. Keeping ina place; holding in one’s possession
or control; retention. ? Ods. exc. in Law.
1626 Bacon Sylva § 343 In Bodies that need Detention of
Spirits, the Exclusion of the Air doth good. 1788 Pasquin
Childr. Thespis 11, (1792) 139 With ditties and puns he holds
thought in detention. 1809-10 CoLeripGe Friend (1866) 173
Had the First Consul acquiesced in our detention of Malta.
1871 Marksy Elem. Law § 365 Possession sometimes means
the physical control simpty, the proper word for which is
detention. 1875 Poste Gazus 1v. Comm. (ed. 2) 643 The
aoe, has mere detention, the depositor has possession.
. A keeping from going on or ore:
hindrance to progress ; compulsory delay.
1600 Haktuyt Voy. III. 150 (R.) Minding to proceede
further south without long detention in those partes.
R. Hatt Afol. Freedom Press Pref. 1 The acciden
hed Family of France were. 1831 Lytton Godolph. 12
ig twenty d i
| detention of the following pamphlet in the press longer than
was expected. 1818 M. Birkseck Yourn. A mer. 83 Benighted,
in consequence of accidental detention, at the foot of one
these rugged hills. 1835 Sir J. Ross Narr. and Voy. vi. 81
In spite of all the detention we had suffered.
ntive, a. rare. [f. L. détent-, ppl. stem
of détingre to DeTaIN: see -IVE.] Having the
| quality or function of detaining.
1869 | q . ig
1881 Patrick Geppes in Encycl. Brit. XIII. 139/1 The
detentive surface [of the pitcher in Nefenthes) is represented
by the fluid secretion.
|| Détenu (defini). [Fr.; subst. use of détenu
(The Fr.
fem. is détenue.)] A person detained in custody.
Applied especially to the English subj detained as
—— in France, and the French calkhocts detained in
ngland during the Wars 1793-1815.
1803-1810 James Military Dict. s.v., That these detenus
(we are borne out by the public prints for using the term)
would remain as hostages to secure to men in open
rebellion all the rights and privileges of fair warriors.
1815 Sporting Mag. XLVI. 84 He was a detenu for eleven
ears at Verdun, 1819 B. E. O'Meara £.xf. Trans. St, He-
lena 139 The inhabi' -are in gi I greatly benefitted
by the arrival of the defenus. 1889 Athenxum 13 July 65/3
n to the release of the détenus at Verdun.
Deter (dits'1),v.! [ad. L. déterrére to frighten
from or away, f, De- I. 2 + ferrére to frighten. (Cf.
rare OF. deterrer, in Godef., which does not ap-
pear to have influenced the Eng. word.)]
1. trans. To discourage and turn aside or restrain
by fear; to frighten from anything ; to restrain or
keep back from acting or ing by any con-
sideration of danger or trouble.
1579 Lyty Euphues (Arb.) 106 If the wasting of our money
might not dehort vs, yet the wounding of our mindes should
deterre vs. 1646 Six T. Browne Psend. Ep. 1. i. (1686) 2
He..had thereby Example and Punishment to deterr him,
1748 Anson's Voy. m1. x. 405 They [sailors] were rather
animated than deterred by the flames and falling buildings
amongst which they wrought. 1746 tr. Beccaria's Ess.
Crimes xxviii. (1793) 101 That de: of severity which is
sufficient to deter 1832 Hr. Martineau Edla of Gar.
ix. 113 The farmer & was not deterred by the dreary weather.
3 iLMAN Lat. Chr. (1864) IL. ut, vii. 141 mote, Mai .
a been deterred page alarming of a monk,
1877 J. D. Cuampers Worship
to invite communicants,
Ro bso a a place, purpose, action, doing anything;
formerly, 3 2
1594 Hooker Zec?. Pod. 1. x. (1611) 28 Punishments which
may more from euill, than sweetnesse thereto
allureth. 1599 Haxvuyr Voy. Il. 1.9 Whereby other may
be deterred to doe the like, and vertuous men to
Pp d in honest pr we wile If
aught ‘d And judg'd of pu’ moment, in ape
Of ‘difkculty or denen co deterre Me from attempting.
1696 Br. Patrick Comm, Exod, xxiii. (x69) 431 The Judges
were not to be deterred. .to pronounce a i Igment. 1709
Prior Celia to Damon 55 n my own Face deters me
from my G! 1759 Jounson Rasselas 34 Do not seek to
deter me from my purpose. 1777 WATSON Philip IT (1839) 9
This undutiful phavtone id not deter the emperor ‘fom
resolving to resign to his son all the rest of his dominions,
1858 Froupe /ist, Eng, U1. xvi. g11 Si had be-
come powerless to deter from violence.
2. + To nee, alarm. 3
1604 Daniet Civ. Wars v. cvi, Who, to deter The state
the more, named himself Mortimer, my bony Emblems
Ep. Ded., The storms which late these Realmes deterred.
DETER.
+ Dete'r ”, dete'rre, v. Obs. [a. F. déterrer,
OF. desterrer (11th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), f. dé-, des-
(De- I. 6) + ¢erre earth: cf. IntER v.] ¢rans. ‘lo
disinter.
1632 Litucow TJrav. 1x. 407 To deterre his dead body.
Deterge (ditd-1dz), v. [ad. L. détergé-re to
wipe off or away, f. De- I. 2 + dergére to wipe:
perhaps after F. déterger (Paré 16th c., not in
Cotgr. ; in Dict. Acad. from 1740).]
trans. To wipe away; to wash off or out, cleanse;
chiefly, in Medical use, to clear away foul or offen-
sive matter from the body, from an ulcer, ete.
1623 Cockeram, Deterge, to rub out. 1634 T, Jounson
Parey's Chirurg. xxvi. xiv. (1678) 638 Detersive is de-
fined to be that which doth deterge or cleanse an ulcer.
r6sr Wittir tr. Primrose's Pop. Err. w. 268 They fur-
ther the working of the purge, and deterge and cleanse the
stomach from humours. 1727 Brapiey am. Dict. 1. U ij,
If externally used, it [Balm of Gilead] gently deterges and
incarnates. a@1734 Nortu Lam. |. ii. $133 (1740) 104 To
deterge some of the frothy foul slaver he has spit atit. 1787
J. Cottins in Med, Commun. U1. 364 The fauces were de-
terged with gargles. 1857 DuncLison Med. Lex. 289 Medi-
cines which possess the power to deterge or cleanse parts.
Hence Dete'rging f//. a.; also Dete'rger = DE-
TERGENT sd,
1651 Witte tr. Primrose’s Pop. Err. 1. v. 20 A Surgeon,
who in an Ulcer..did daily apply a strong deterger, viz.,
Verdigrease. /bid., A deterging Medicine. 1738 ARBUTH-
not Rules of Diet 1. 250 Barley is deterging, tho’ viscous
in a small degree.
Detergency. [f. next: see -ENcy.] Deter-
gent quality; cleansing power.
1710 T. Futter Pharm. Extemp. 3 Ale, by reason of its
..Detergency..is not adviseable. 1748 De Foe's Tour Gt.
Brit. 11. 290 (D.) Bath water. .possesses that milkiness, de-
tergency, and middling heat, so friendly adapted to weak-
ened animal constitutions.
Detergent (dits-1dzént), a. and sd, [ad. L.
détergent-em, pr. pple. of détergére : see DETERGE.
Cf. mod.F. détergent (1611 in Cotgr., in Dict. Acad.
from 1835).]
A. adj. Cleansing, purging.
1616 SurFt. & Markku. Country Farme 581 By vertue and
force of a detergent facultie, wherewith barley is greatly
furnished. 1718 Quincy Comp. Disp. 80 Sage is undoubtedly
a very g Cephalick, of the detergent kind. 1805 W.
Saunpers Min. Waters 434 Sufficient to give it a very soft
soapy feel, and to render it more detergent than common
water. 1875 H, C. Woop Thera. (1879) 648 A detergent
antiseptic in various ulcerated. .conditions of the mouth.
B. sb. Acleansing agent; anything that cleanses.
1676 WiseMAN Surgery u. vi. (R.), If too mild detergents
caused the flesh to grow lax and spongy, then more powerful
driers are required. 1718 Quincy Compl. Disp. 127 Deter-
a differ only in Degree of Efficacy from the former
lass. 1888 Cave Juspir. O. Test, v. 274 He believes in
a possible Divine detergent.
eterior (d/tieria1), a. rare.
worse, meaner, poorer, compar. of an obs. adj.
*deter, f. d@ down.] Inferior in quality, worse.
1839 BatLey Festus (1848) 64/2 Some of downward and
deterior lot. |
+ Deterior, v. Ods. [a. F. détériorer (1411 in
Hatz.-Darm.), L. déteriorare to make worse, f.
détertor : see prec.] trans. To make worse, de-
teriorate.
1646 Br. Maxweti Burd, Issach. in Phenix (1708) 11. 270
He will .. deterior his condition.
+ Dete‘riorate, -at, fa. pple. Sc. [ad. L. dé-
tertorat-us, pa. pple. of déeridrdre (see prec.).]
Made worse, deteriorated.
1572 Sc. Acts Fas. VI (1814) 76 (Jam.) That all houses,
&c., rewinit, cassin doun, distroyit, or deteriorat, within ..
the said burghe—sall be reparit. 1598 in Row Hist. Kirk
(1842) 190 If he hes meliorat or deteriorat his benefice any
way to the prejudice of his successor.
eteriorate (ditieridre't), v. [f. ppl. stem of
L. déteriérare to make worse : see prec.
1. trans. To make worse or of inferior quality ;
to lower in character or excellence ; to worsen.
1572-98 [See prec.]. 1644 Br. Maxwext Prerog. Chr. Kings
i. ro How much more they deteriorate and depresse Kings.
1673 O, Warker Educ. 46 Not onely not bettered, but
much deteriorated. 1784 Cowrer Let. 10 Feb., A long line
of grandsires, who from generation to generation have been
employed in deteriorating the breed. 1813 WELLINGTON in
Gurw. Desf. X. 380 Maintained by means .. which will
deteriorate the discipline of the troops. 1847 C. G. Appison
Law of Contracts U. iii. § 2 (1883) 603 To deteriorate the
value of the property. 1879 M. Arnotp George Sand Mixed
Ess. 343 ity, as its reign proceeded, had not dete-
riorated but improved them.
2. intr. To grow worse in character; to become
lowered or impaired in quality or value; to de-
generate.
1758-65 Gotpsm. Ess. (L.), Under such conditions the
mind rapidly deteriorates. ng D'Israett Amen. Lit,
(1867) 269 Elyot had a notion that, for the last th d
267
metal. 1836 J. Gitpert Chr, A tonem. vi. (1852) 170 Classical
story has imperceptibly lent its deteriorating influence. 1837
Syp. Smitu Let. to Singleton Wks. 1859 II. 292/2 Judging,
that the Church is a very altered and deteriorated pro-
fession. 1883 F. Hatt in Nation (N. Y.) XX XVII. 434/3
The deteriorating, if not debasing, mode of existence.
Deterioration (ditie:ridré'fan). [a. F. dé-
zértoration (15th c. in Godef. Suppi.), n. of action
f. détériorer, L. déteriorare to DETERIORATE. ]
The action or process of deteriorating, a growing
or making worse ; a deteriorated condition.
1658 Puituips, Deterioration, a making worse. 1727-51
|wCuambers Cycl, s.v., When the deterioration of a com-
[a. L. déterior —
modity, seized by an officer, arises from the fault of the
keeper, he is answerable for the same. _ 1823 J. Bapcock
Dom. Amusem. 28 To preserve the article from deterioration.
1841 W. Spatpine /faly §& Jt. Jsl. 1. 24 In our floating
notions of Italian character, we grievously exaggerate the
extent of its deterioration. 1842 Manninc Serv. (1848) I.
i. 7 (Except in penitents) the whole life of a man from birth
to death is a deterioration. He is ever becoming worse.
1875 Scrivener Lect. Text N. Test. 5 The process of de-
terioration may be carried on for many generations [of MSS.].
Hence Deteriora‘tionist, one who holds that
deterioration, not progress, is the order of things.
1816 I’. L. Peacock //eadlong Hall i, Mr. Escot, the de-
teriorationist. 1861 Hest. Rev. Apr. 591 In the true tone
of the deteriorationist who amused everyone so much thirty
years since. 1875 Contemp. Rev. XXV.740 Mr. Foster
..the perfectibilist, and Mr. Escot..the deteriorationist,
take sides so opposite on the subject of human life.
Deteriorative (ditivriorétiv), a [f. L. de
teriorat-, ppl. stem of déteridrare (see above) +
-1VE.] Causing or tending to deterioration.
1800 Bentuam MWks, (1838-43) X. 346 The deteriorative ex-
pedient of removal of moisture by heat. 1808 G. Epwarps
Pract. Plan ii. 13 Pretended plans of improvement..which
are actually ruinous, or deteriorative. 1879 RicHARDSON in
Nature 23 Oct. 618/2 The whole course of life had under-
gone a deteriorative change.
Deteriorator (ditieridreiter. [agent-n. in
L. form, from détertorare to DETERIORATE.] One
who or that which deteriorates.
1857 H. Miter Zest. Rocks vi. 234 It is man. .that is the
deteriorator of man. 1883 Daily Ted. 25 Apr. 3 Cities are
great deteriorators of physical strength.
Deteriorism. nonce-wd. [f. L. déterior (see
above) +-IsM.] The doctrine that the tendency of
things is to grow worse.
1880 Go_pw. Suitu in 422. Monthly No. 268. 212 Meliorism
and the opposite theory, which we suppose must be called
deteriorism. |
Deterio‘rity. vare. [f. L. déterior + -11v : cf.
superiority.) The being of worse or inferior
quality; poorer or lower quality ; worseness.
1692 Ray Dissol. World 43 Their holding out for some
Generations against the inconveniencies of the Air, or de-
teriority of Diet. 1719 W. Woop Surv. Trade 358 ‘The
Exchange to all the Barts of the World would alter in pro-
portion to the Deteriority of our Standard.
+ Determ, v. Oss. [f. Dr- prefix + TERM,
after L. déterminare: cf. also OF. ¢ermer to end,
fix, determine.] By-form of DETERMINE v.
1423 Jas. I Aingis Q. xiii, Determyt furth therewith in
myn entent..I tuke conclusion Sum new thing to write.
1513 Douctas neis x. v. 62 Bot Turnus hes determit, as
certane thing, Gret garnysonys to send betwix thame sone.
1533 BELLENDEN Livy v. (1822) 418 The Faderis..determit
to abide on the returning of thare legatis fra the tempil of
Delphos. 1535 CoverDALE Dax, ix. 24 LXX wekes are
determed ouer thy people and ouer thy holy cite. gsr
Turner Herbal 1, (1568) Dvjb, I dare not plainly determe,
that it was the right clematitis. 1573 Twyne 4neid xu. Kk
iv b, Therwith I am determd. 1647 H. More Song of Soul
11. 1. 1. lix, For to determ The hid conditions of vitalitie.
Hence Dete‘rming v@/. sd.
bg CoverpALeE 1 Esdras ix. 17 And so the matter was
a determynge..vntill the new moone.
Determent (dits-imént). [f. Drerer v.! +
-MENT.] The action or fact of deterring; ¢rans/.
a means of deterring, a deterring circumstance.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. vi. viii. 319 Nor will the ill
successe of some be made a sufficient determent unto others.
1653 Hammonp Ox 1 Cor. i. 23. 542 A mighty deterrement
and discouragement. 1661 Boyte Style of Script. Pref.,
But these, Sir, are not all the Deterrments that Oppos’d my
Obeying You. 1684 Bunyan Pélgr. 1. 111 That also shall
be so far from being to my Determent. 1764 Mem. G.
Psalmanasar 24 Rather a determent than an effectual
means. 1876 J. Grant Hist. [ndia I. \vi. 284/1 Cornwallis
executed nine for the determent of others.
Determinabi'lity. [f. next: see -1ry.] The
quality of being determinable.
1825 CoLertpcE Aids Refi. (1848) 1, 195 The power of pro-
posing an ultimate end, the determinability of the will by
ideas. 1 E. Cairp Philos. Kant 1. xviii. 624 Beyond
this mere formal principle of determinability, there is a
transcendental principle o plete determination
eterminable (dits-minib’l), a. [In ME.,
a. OF. determinable fixed, determinate, ad. L. dé-
years, the world had deteriorated. 1856 Froupr Hist. Eng.
(1858) I. i. 22 The condition ot the labourer was at this
period deteriorating rapidly. 1892 Karu. Tynan in Speaker
3 Sept. 290/1 The roses .. will deteriorate year after year,
returning gradually to wildness.
Hence Dete‘riorated /f/. a., Dete'riorating
vbl. sb. and ppl. a.
1656 Biount Glossogr., Deteriorated, made worse, im-
i v. Which
paired ; spoiled. a1691 Boye Wks. IV. R.)
og tA ona lg aac he RT ab rl Pach
ter abilis (Tertull,) that has an end, finite. In
later use, following the ordinary analogy of adjs.
in -able, in which sense it has also been revived in
mod.F. (Not in Cotgr. ; 1878 in Dict. Acad.)]
+1. Fixed, definite, determined. Ods.
cxzzs Z. E. Allit. P. A. 593 In sauter_ is said a verce
ouverte Pat spekez a poynt determynable. 1486 Bk. St.
Albans, Her. Ava, Ther be ix. vices contrary to gentilmen
of the wiche v. ben indetermynable and iiij. determynable.
1525 Lv. Berners Froiss. 11. ccxxii. (ccxviii.] 686 The
DETERMINANT.
kynge hath commaunded me to gyue you a determynable
answere to your requestes, 1646 Sir I’. Browne /’seud. Ep.
vi. i, 280 Yet were there no small difficulty to set downe
a determinable Chronology.
2. Capable of being determined; proper to be
determined. a. Capable of being, or proper to be,
legally or authoritatively decided or settled.
1485 Act x //en. VII, c. 7 The same Rescous and Dis-
obeysance shall be Felony, enquirable and determinable as
is aforesaid. 1570-6 Lamparpe Peramb. Kent (1826) 165
Certaine principall points concerning the Port townes, be
determinable at Shipwey onely. 1594 Hooker Lccé. Pol.
1. (1632) 110 Affairs.. which were not determinable one way
or other by the Scripture. c1645 Howe. Left. (1655) IV.
Iv. xvi. A Forest hath her Court..where matters are as
pleadable and determinable, as at Westminster-Hall. 1685
Col. Rec. Pennsylv, 1. 248 All Causes not Determinable by
y® Respective County Courts. 1827 Hatta Const, /1ist.
(1876) III. xvii. 307'To prepare all matters determinable in
parliament. 1845 Lp. Camppett Chancellors (1857) I. xix.
281 Matters determinable by your common law.
b. Capable of being definitely limited, fixed, as-
signed, or laid down.
158r Mutcaster Positions xlii. (1887) 261 The Elementarie
time, determinable not by yeares, but by sufficiencie. 161x
R. Fenton Usury. iii. 15 Every intention. .is determinable
by the act it selfe to be good-or bad. 1794 G. Apams Nat.
§ /xp. Philos. \11. xxvi. 96 Standards of space and velocity
are also determinable.
ce. Capable of being definitely ascertained
(a) as to fact or identity, (6) as to meaning or
character.
1658 Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus Wks. II. 522 What is
the most lasting herb or seed, seems not easily determinable.
1748 Hartey Vbserv. Mar 1. iii. 274 These words being de-
terminable only by means of the known words to which they
are joined. /é/d. 348 Relations .. not determinable with
Certainty and Precision. 1846 Exiis £lgix A/ard. 1. 29 One
remarkable little spot is also determinable with certainty.
1846 Grote Greece 1. xviii. (1862) I]. 447 Whether Sidon or
Tyre was the most ancient, seems not determinable. 1
GuntHER Fishes 314 Some of the earliest determinable fish
remains,
3. Liable to be terminated or to come to an end;
terminable (esp. in Law).
1584 R..Scor Discov. Witcher. vin, iii. 130 The divels death,
whose life he held to be determinable and mortall. 1677
Hare Prim, Orig. Man, w., viii. 376 It presents all our en-
joyments as determined or determinable in a short time.
1797 Lond. Gaz. No. 4382/4 In Lease for 99 Years, determin-
able on one, twoand three Lives. 1815 T. Jerrerson Wit.
(1830) IV. 260 A truce determinable on the first act of im-
pressment, 1848 WHarton Law Lex., Determinable Free-
holds, estates for life, which may determine upon future
contingencies before the life for which they are created
expires. 1876 Dicsy Real Prof. v. 229 note, Here the estate
would be an estate determinable upon the specified event.
Hence Dete‘rminableness. 7a7¢.
1727 Baitey vol. II, Determinableness, capableness of being
determined or decided. 1775 in Asu; and in mod. Dicts.
Determinably (ditssminabli), adv. [f. prec.
+-LY*.] In a determinable manner. +a. De-
finitely, precisely. b. In away or toa degree that
can be determined; ascertainably.
1375 Barsour Bruce 1v. 677 It wes vounderfull, perfay,
ow ony man throu steris may Knaw the thingis that ar
tocum Determinabilly. 1609 Sir E. Hosy Let. to 7’. Higgins
60 Augustine..doth plainly and determinablie conclude that
they are not Diuini Canonis. Mod. A substance of which
the granules are determinably smaller.
Determinacy. vere. [f. DETERMINATE a.:
see -AcY.] The quality of being determinate ; de-
terminateness, definiteness.
1873 Atkinson tr. Helutholts’s Pop. Sct. Lect, 80 Yet
the ear solves its problem with the greatest exactness, cer-
tainty, and determinacy.
Determinant (d/td-1minant), a. and sd. [ad.
L. déterminant-em, pr. pple. of déterminare to
DETERMINE: cf. F, déterminant (Trevoux 1752).]
A. adj. Determining; that determines; deter-
minative. :
1610 W. FotkincuaM Art of Survey ww. v. 84 Determinant
Valuation concludes and determines the Right and Interest
of the Possident by Alienation of the Fee or Possession.
1686 Goap Celest. Bodies 1. i. 152 The Sun and Moon alone
..cannot be the Causes preparatory or determinant of a
Showre. 1825 Coreripce Aids Refi. 280 Some other
Principle which has been made determinant of his Will.
1860 Ruskin Mod: Paint. V. vu. iv. § 8 His usual draw-
ings from nature .. being both commemorative and deter-
minant .. determinant, in that they record an impression
received from the place there and then, together with the
principal arrangement of the composition in which it was
afterwards to be recorded. 1888 J. Martineau Study of
Relig. 1. u. i. 21x He rightly appropriates the word Cause
tothe determinant act. 1892 Current Hist. (Detroit, Mich.)
II. _73 A new determinant factor of unknown power.
B. sb. One who or that which determines.
1. In University Hist. (repr. med.L. détermi-
nans). A determining Bachelor: see DETERMINE
v. 13, DETERMINATION 4.
[1449 (2 Jan.) in Registr. Univ. Oxf. (0. H.S.) I. 2
agistri determinantium. 15.. /éid. Il. 1. 52 (Title of
Official List) Nomina determinantium.] 1864 D ING in
Pref. to Lauder's Dewtie of Kyngis 6 Two years later, in due
course of his academical studies, this Guillelmus Lauder ap-
pears among the Determinants in that College; which shows
that he had qualified himself for taking his Master’s degree.
1887 A. Crarx Reg. Univ. Oxf. 11. 1.53, 12 Mar. 1586 this
Committee decided that..Whereas in times past collectors
had exacted unfairly large sums the determinants,
they should in future exact only 12d. from each deter-
« 34*—2
Cea
2A factor or agent ; oe
cedent, A onmentaireant: a defining word
or element.
Nig Gen Coted, Radio 2: 5. x92 Mot temee Se Save
no determinant, but because "tis unknown. _ 1809-20 Cotz-
tink Friend (1855) 173 We should . thake Malta the direct
and final determinant
— of the war. sens ale
67 His own will is the only and sufficient determinant of
is, and all he does. esha tae inesrmeneier
S§ p. cvii, Points..taken as determinants
date. 1887 F. Hatt in Rageagedoal ¥. npr 97/3 Good
pg Bally of what ts
in language.
ae Pak Se Reais Seb ide te
re. Mon une 1
Seles tives C00e ibewee produce py A ee hegt ot | Some
3 Math. The sum of the products of a square
block or ‘ matrix’ of quantities, each product
taining one factor from each row and column, and
having the plus or minus sign according to the
arrangement of its factors in the block.
A determinant is commonlydenoted by [4 42 43
writing the matrix with a vertical line on Ma - bs
each side, thus— &
Originally applied (in Latin form), in ion - Gauss
(Disgnis. Arithmet. 180 § v. § 154) to a special class of
these functions on the nature of which the properties of.
certain baa forms depend ; thence adopted in French
by Cauchy.
3843 Cay ey (¢:tée), On the Th of Determinants. 1853
Syivester in Pcl. Trans. CXL L. 543-4 Determinant.
—This word is used throughout in the single sense, after
which it denotes the alternate or hemihedral function the
vanishing of which is the condition of the possibility of the
coexistence of a certain number of homogeneous linear
equations of as many variable, 1885 Satwon /igher
Alevdra 338 Cauchy introduced the name \aaterwanianis” a
already applied by Gauss to the functions considered by
him, and call led by him ‘ determinants of quadratic forms’.
tal, a. Wath. [f. prec. +-at.]
Relating to determinants : see DETERMINANT B. 3.
2879 THomson & Tart Nat. Pail. 1. § 337 Roots .. of a
determinantal equation. 3892 Da:ly News 24 Mar. 3/5
Essay on ‘ Determinantal Theorems’.
Determinate (d/tsimin2), ff/. a. [ad. L.
dtterminat-us, pa. pple. of aetermindre to DETES-
MINE.] That has been or is determined: in the
chief senses of the verb.
A. as pa. pple. = DETERMINED. O6s. or arch.
€ 1392 Cravccer Astrod. 1. § 21 Sterres fixes with hir =, 2
tudes & latitudes determynat. /éid. ur. § 18 Acading,
knowe the degrees of the longitudes of fixe sterres after that
they ben determinat in thin astrolabie. 1472 Rurtey Con wp.
Ack. Ep. in Ashm. (r652) 111 By Raymond and others de-
termynate. 1960 in Strype ex. Nef. I. xvii. 216 So that
their causes be determinate within three weeks. ¢ 1600
Sxaks. Sona. lxxxvii, My bonds in thee are all determinate.
1835 Baioces .Verv nu. iit. 82 The seasons, lady, Of divina-
tion are > aaa By stars and special omens.
B. ad
2 Definitely bounded or limited, in time, space,
extent, position, character, or nature; definite,
fixed ; clearly defined or individualized ; distinct,
= op to vague, undefined, or indefinite.
Cuavcer ass T. 16: Han ye figure thanne deter-
saan In helle ther ye been in youre estat? Trevisa
Barth. De P. R. xin. i (Tollem. MS.), Water no de-
— Rolls) apna gees eee: ee
tr. figden 287 erminate place in
that is abowte Lincoln. Mose Con/ut. —— Wis.
721/2 The saluacion of an
1548 Hatt Chron. 245b, Taken and concluded a
munate season. 3
361 Sarxetp Treat. Angels 22
mire sexon "sed Sunes" age 2 Tay {
cease ae eee ee ee |
hich inanimate Bodies Hosses Seven Prod.
Wks. 1845 VII 16 A — = —
170s Berxetey Commons. 1871
clear and determinate meaning of my words. aie ace
— Comem. IL 140 The enements,
3777 Prirstiey Matt. & Spir.
rates pt ye square, or of some
1818 Hata Med. Ages (1842) L.
522 Consecrated see.
as
1526-34 Tinpae Acts ii phe tet eee File P
forekno of God. Ac Hen. Vill, c
The which order... = ot be ae determinate order.
them.
3. Finally determined upon or decided ; express-
ing a final decision ; definitive ; conclusive, final.
1533-4 Act 2 25 Hen. V111, c. 12 The determinate and
iudgementes of the said sondrie vniuersitees. > nae LyoT
— Gev. 25 Not onely myne opinion hereim, but also
y determyante sentence. 1566 Parnter Pad. Pleas. 1. 29
T o _ fees, vppon some determinate aunswere. 1589 NasHE
in Greene's Menaphon Pref. (Arb.) 14, I had rather referre it, as
a disputatiue plea to diuines than set it downe as adetermi- |
firmeth the same deter e
7. Suartess. Charac. (1737) HI. v. iii 303 The Reason-
leness of a proportionate Taste, determinate Choice.
1803 We.uncton in Gurw. Desf. I1. = note, No deter-
minate reply could be given to the letter.
4. Determined upon, intended.
1986 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1. 233 To drive him
from his determinat purpose. 601 Suaxs. Tteed. NV. ui. rr
wy determinate voyage is meere extrauagancie.
solved, resolute.
1587 Hounsuen Chron. II. Hist. Scot. 316/1 That thing the
heart thought and was determinat to do
Theor. Warres 1. i. 8 Men.
courage.
most active and determinate adventurer of his age. 1747
Fierpinc Love in Sev. Masg. Wks. 1775 I. 46 Nor am I per-
fectly determinate what species es of animals to assign him to.
1779-81 Jouxsox L. P., Prior Wks. II. 143 A Lent Ha so
nate position. 1 Bisce (Douay) Fer. xv. Comm., He con-
i ce of their punishment.
Fixed in mind or purpose, determined, re- |
1598 Barret |
- of determinate minds and |
1686 F. Srence tr. Variilas’ He. Medicis 309 The |
ardent and determinate ‘that he did not a ‘ ; |
ese. (1857
with men of different opinions. 1827 Carty
I. 58 Men of cool judgment, and determinate energetic
character.
+ Determinate, v. és. [f. ppl. stem of L.
dzterminare : see prec.)
1. trans. To determine in time, space, or com-
pass ; to terminate, end, bound, limit.
1563 Winzet Four Scotr Thre Quest. Wks. 1888 I. 125 Gifwe |
. limitatis and determinatis nocht the wisdum of be our
phantasie. 31993 Suaxs. Rick. 11,1. iti. 150 The slye slow
Fol. 2, fiye slow] houres shall not d The d
limit of thy deere exile. @ 1638 Meve Rem. —_— Wks.
(prophetic months)
(1672) ut. 6oz Who would fom them
taken for bare days, and determinated in the persecution
Antiochus. 1671 Crowne F¥udianxa Ep. a have eg
to determinate my sight, but a bright and
2. To determine of decide (a controversy a issue).
Determinately, av. [f Derenwnate a.
+-LY*.] In a determinate manner.
1. By way of final decision ; conclusively, finally.
T509 eon ae, Save, C tess Richmond Wes (1876)
RS ees Oe beariee ater sens Serre
Wooprrap oe ae ee ta a
ST did yyy ba ees
Sr Win sre Tl 3 Coc promanges date
— Anal. u. vii. 270 Persons .. i ni oe
rt 1792 R. Burke in Burke's Corr.
(1844) ILI. 489 The mii ies
d indifferent, s/s Vere, the
ae ao
Worden, shiche . . di a ats doe betoken some one cer-
@ 3653 Gouce ‘omem. Heb. xiii. 8, 1. Indefi-
nitely, —— 2. Determinatly, to the end of the
bg Trans. L307 A discovery of
determinately of
Curate 1. xiv. 274,
I cannot pronounce the night. . the most miser-
able which it has been my lot to spend.
b. With a definite % y-
1862 Darwin Fertil. Orchids v. 203 All these seemed
determinately contrived never be
fertilised. 7
3. With settled purpose; resolutely, determinedly;
with determination. e
Hevywoop Spider & F. xiv. When sawe ..
Fo thus bent determinately, He thought it foly
him to contrary. H. More Axtid. ‘Ath. ut. pe
Fox in H. Wopee Mem.
Pi A aac ng tg sag is.
ee idle 388: E F Cota Back Pi PL o
176 azul bas weeteadad dia aa determinately.
Dete‘rminateness. [f as —_ + -NESS.] ©
The quality of being determinate.
either s Election.
2846 Por N. P. ‘iltts Whe tS I. > The word fancy
used with very little d ig. 1884 tr.
Lotse’s Me 31 Each of their marks..has been limited
toa individual
2. Decidedness of judgement or choice ; resolute-
Determination (dA3sminz"jon).
termination \Oresme 14th c.), or ad. L.
1852 — Eel. Faith (1853) 201 In time,
assumed a determinate shape. 4
B Smear Mat ess Do i =
respoads to determinate
temperature. Mane Hist.
Inst. xii. Linked, eign isa ats
Limited, restricted, finite: opposed to in-
soft Powe Bie. Conti The determinate glory of an
pore page he Fs wing f. Weer Fomine e. i. so Our soule
1608 Poor yen St. Mary's 6 A superiority .. over
c. Matk. Having a fixed value or magnitude.
(Opp. to indeterminate); determinate ‘
> see quots.
Wotzastox Relig. Nat. i. 13 As determinate and im-
1722 dig. J 3 As
and activitie cannot attend |
referred to some given unit; as a ternary, or three;
H. Mose Somg of Soul Butlet more hardy | of
wt nok Say Tab Tne | “LA Waggon nd coming 10 a ed
27 They do ly determinate ¢ . 1735 Mas. ae ee
‘: Lemp erage xilins 1. east .to give my Pan
once lore “tg Ch
b. intr. To decide, come to a decision. = tes Ae eg ener Witcher.
3639 Mag. or Hasitton £. Oath § Corenant xs To | Vanave ins The of oracles. 1586
| treat, consult, or determinate in any matter of state. Day Eng. Sane reese
| Eat Mon. tr. Bentivegtio’s Hist. Relat. 6 The absolu peda Brereton Trav.
authority of determinating residing in the chief magistracies 1844) 153 After the determination of Abstes gots. 1659
of every City. A a (1828) IV. 304 After the end or other deter-
trans. To ordain, a mination Parliament. 3668 Currerrer & Core
3636 E. Dacxss tr. Machiavel’s Disc. Livy 1. 83 The free sinat, me. £298 AB other Bones soso Sn Ties
Crewensd comtone, ‘sige Gate Mage. | grow continually Passe Bead. a eh bepiags A dam
irem. 151 Although nature and every naturall agent “. Eibuequent 10 the determination of Pilates government
d i d to one 1874 St Const. Hist, 11. xvi. 465 The war continued
4. To direct to some end ; todetermine the course | ;:***ming year by year further removed from a determina-
of; to guide authoritatively or decisively. ‘ "
fog! prvi f ber er reas. Dav. ps Law. im. a Gua as
Ps. xxv.), A determinating of the very 1653 H. More a v7 Aare
Antid. Ath. 1. xi. (1662) 35 To determinate the course of a heats 3 emo te
the Spirits into this or that part of the Body. x6s9 | of the states..by deth without —_- wise.
Pearson Creed I. 43 If we should apprehend more 198 W. Srarroxn Erawe. Compi. i. (1876) pte a
Gods than one, I know not what could determinate us in os come to cor Annies... be Seem ee
any instant to the actual adoration of any one. #1683 | such termes of yeares. oo Laren
Wurcucore Disc. (1703) IIL. 36 "Tis no disparagement to | To take effect on the determination of the eseate t 7
the Highest and wisest to be ruled and determinated by | Jarwax Powell's Dewises IL. 321 A devise of ele
the reason of things. 1686 Goan Celest. Bodies 1. xii. 6x | the heirs of a person pares ger ten nye
This Aspect, apt to cause Winds, is apt also to determinate | ¢states. 3875 Act 38-9 na
ae aan aehenah individualize ee ee car ben oar ene cane
S.Te he upon y, define, > Reports Weakly Notes 79/t Immediately after the deter
= Z mination of defendant's tenancy. -
168: M Exp. Dax. iv. Notes The is _ the
determinated i Artaxerxes 3601 Guaxvatt 2 The coding of 0 controversy or sult byt
u. 237 Though the Sir-name of the party be wanting, yet he | decision of a or arbitrator ; judicial or authori-
is d inated so by other circumstances. tative decision or settlement (of a matter at issue).
6. To render determi tg a aa 29s Fasvan Chron. va. 396 T0.! alt suche dum.
ee anes to deneiadscoas Judges before whom he the determinacion of bis
DETERMINATION.
cause resteth. 1652 Nerepuam tr. Selden’s Mare Cl. 22
The Nations to whose determination the matter was com-
mitted, 1737 Col. Rec. Pennsylv.1V.187 Upon the final Deter-
mination of our Disputes. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) I. 116
In the determination of this question the identity of virtue
and knowledge is found to be involved. 1891 Sir R. V.
Wiis in Law Times’ Rep. LXV. 609/1 The general
——- of the right of the licensee was not essential to the
letermination of that case.
b. The decision arrived at or promulgated; a
determinate sentence, conclusion, or opinion.
1395 Purvey Remonstr. (1851) 73 That ech determinacioun
of the chirche of Rome is trewe on ech side. 1460 CarGRave
Chron, 306 The determinacion of the Cherch and the
Doctouris .. ar pleynly ageyn Holy Scripture. xgs2 App.
Hamivton Catech. (1884) 5 The decisiouns and determina-
tiouns of one counsallis. 1648 Mitton 7enure Kin,
(1650) 59 The cleer and positive determination of all who
have writt’n on this argument. 1711 Appison Sfect. No, 122
?5 They were neither of them dissatisfied with the Knight's
Determination. 1785 T. Batcuy Disc. 75 To listen to our
Saviour’s determination,—‘ He that is without sin’. 1875
Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 180 We must run a risk. .in coming
to any determination about education. |
+3. The settlement of a question by reasoning
or argumentation ; discussion. Ods.
¢1400 Test. Love 1.(R.), These clerkes sain, and in deter-
minacion shewen, that three things hauen the names of
Goddes been cleaped. 1593 Br. Anprewes (tit/e), A Deter-
mination concerning Oaths.
+ 4, The resolving of a question or maintaining of
a thesis in a scholastic disputation ; sfec. in Uni-
versity history, the name of certain disputations
which followed admission to the degree of Bachelor
of Arts, and completed the taking of that degree,
qualifying the student for proceeding to the resi-
dence and exercises required for the Master’s
degree. Obs. exc. Hist.
Determination took place regularly in the Lent following
presentation for the B.A., and consisted originally in the
determining by disputation of questions in grammar and
logic. ‘It was originally, it would appear, a voluntary dis-
putation got up by the Bachelors themselves in imitation of
the magisterial Inception, but it was early recognized and
enforced by the Universities.’ (Rev. H. Rashdall.
[1408 in Munim. Acad. Oxon. (Rolls) 1. 241 Quia per
solemnes determinationes Bachillariorum in facultate artium
nostra mater Oxonia# universitas multipliciter honoratur.
1517 Statutes of Corpus Chr. Coll., Oxon., c. xxiv, Bacca-
laurei artium, completo prius post gradum baccalaureatus
et determinationes triennio .. ad gradum magistratus . . pro-
moveantur.} 1665 J. Buck in Peacock Stat. Cambridge
(18. pope re the ice-Chancellor dismisseth the Answerer
..then he beginneth his Determination. 1693-4 Gipson in
Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 219 There is a Statute .. which
upon extraordinary occasions allows twice Austins instead
of Determinations. 1726 AMuerst Terra Fil. xlii. 223 The
manner of this determination is as follows. All persons,
that have taken their bachelor of arts degree since the Lent
preceding, are obliged to dispute twice in one of the public
schools .. and go to prayers at St. Mary’s Church every
Saturday morning. 1822 in Fowler Hist. Corpus Chr. Coll.
o2 The whole business and ceremony of Determination
aving been now by competent authority abolished in the
University. 1866 Rocers Agric. & Prices I. v. 121 The
Determination Feast, that is the festival following the as-
sumption of the Bachelor’s Degree, generally took place on
Shrove ‘Tuesday. 1868 H. Anstey Munim. Acad. Oxon.
(Rolls) Introd. 82 It was undoubtedly from the superior
importance attached to logical studies that the name ‘de-
termination’ took its rise, the ination for the bachelor’s
degree consisting mainly of questions to be determined by
the candidate. 1887 A. Crark Regr. Univ. Oxf. (O.H.S.
II. 1. 63 All traces of determination have now disap
from the procedure of the University. The last relic of it
was abolished in 1855... To such a base end had ‘ deter-
mining’ come. — 4
5. The determining of bounds or fixing of limits ;
delimitation; definition; a fixing of the extent,
position, or identity (of anything).
1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. 1, x. (1611) 28 The particular deter-
mination of the reward or punishment. 1606 Suaks. 77. &
Cr. 1. ii. 170 To make vp a free determination ’"Twixt right
and wrong. 1651 Honses Leviath. 1. xlvi. 373 The Circum-
scription of a thing, is. .the Determination, or Defining of its
Place. 1665 Hooke MJicrogr. 54 A determination of Light and
shadow. 1744 Harris Three Treat.i. (1765) 27 Is our Account
still too loose and in need of stricter Determination? 1794
S. Wituiams Vermont 283 The determination made by Con-
gress of the boundary lines. 1860 ManseL Proleg. Logica iv.
112 Under such determinations as the conditions of my
sensibility require. 1866 J. G. Murruy Comun, Exod. xii.
Introd., The determination of the parties who are admissible.
1877 E. Cairp Philos. Kant 1. 165 The determinations of
are not q , but r , of the positions of
erent parts of matter in relation to each other,
b. Logic. (a) The rendering of a notion more
determinate or definite by the addition of characters
or determining attributes. (4) A determining
attribute.
1644 Dicsy Nat. Bodies 1. (1645) 87 To be a ity is
nothing else but to be the determination or pee ps of
the thing whose — it is. 1838 Sim W. Hamitton Logic
xi. (1866) I. 194 Every series of concepts which been
obtained by abstraction, may be reproduced in an inverted
order, when. . we, step by step, add on the several cl
from which we had abstracted in our ascent. This process
--is called ination. 1860 Masato Logica vi.
pop 4
Srecboentsaiempediy tekcltion, 1iey Bowes Lae
viously separa efinition._ 1 v. 1
Bales one is regarded as an attribute or deteriaiaaliall of
the other.
Be
and infinite of Philolnes have become determinations
in the Philebus. bid. 1V. 266 A multitude of abstractions
pe Acwhécnb Tantent dl oe
Se
owetr Plato (ed. 2) HI. 595 The finite.
Leica on
269
6. The action of definitely ascertaining the posi-
tion, nature, amount, etc. (of anything).
1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. ut. iil. 263 The determina-
tion of Insects in their several Species. 1717 J. Kei
Anim, Gcon. Pref. (7738) 48 The Determination of the Vis
Elastica was the Thought of the learned John Bernouli.
x793 Enctertecp (¢7¢/e), On the Determination of the Orbits
of Comets. 1845-6 G. E. Day tr. Simon's Anim. Chem,
II. 181 The quantitative determination of earthy-phosphate
sediments. 1882 L. B. Cart Treat. Calculus Variation
61 The determination of these constants is not. . difficult.
b. The result ascertained by this action; that
which has been determined by investigation or
calculation ; a conclusion, a solution.
1570 Bittincstey Euclid 1. i. 9 The determination, which
is the declaration of the thing required. 1646 Sir T. Browne
Pseud. Ep. w. vi. 194 That persons drowned arise and float
the ninth day .. is a questionable determination. 1807 1’.
Tuomson Chem. (ed. 3) II. 162 The differences between their
determinations were too great, 1831 Brewster Oftics iii. 25
As philosophers have determined the index of refraction for
a great variety of bodies, we are able, from those determin-
ations, to ascertain the direction of anyray. 1857 WHEWELL
Hist. Induct. Sc. 1. 105 Generally founded on astronomical
determinations.
7. Fixed direction towards some terminal point;
decisive or determining bias. Zt. and fig.
1660 Bovte New Exp. Phys. Mech. i. 35 Others, whose
motion has an opposite determination. 1710 J. CLARKE
Rohault's Nat. Phil. (1729) 1. 78 When a Body moves any
particular way, the Disposition that it has to move that way,
rather than any other, is what we call its Determination.
1713 Appison Guardian No. 100 ® 7 The whole tribe of
oglers gave their eyes a new determination. 1727-51 CHaM-
BERS Cycl, s. v., Heavy bodies have a determination towards
the centre of the earth. _ 1754 Epwarps Freed. Will 1. ii. 5
When we speak of the Determination of motion, we mean
causing the Motion of the Body to be sucha Way, or in such
a Direction, rather than another. 1798 Matruus Popul. (1806)
II. 11. x. 253 The real price of corn varies during periods
sufficiently long to affect the determination of capital. 1836
Sir W. Hamicton Discuss. (1852) 336 The determination
given to the Church of Scotland..was not one of erudition.
1881 Daily News 10 Mar. 5/3 An increasing determination of
historic and genre painters towards landscape.
b. spec. A tendency or flow of the bodily fluids,
now esp. of the blood, to a particular part.
1737 pores die ede Impr. (1757) 11. 203 Thre Distem-
pers which proceed from an irregular and disorderly Deter-
mination of the animal Spirits. 1805 W. Saunvers J/in.
Waters 242 On account of the property of this natural
water .. and from its rapid determination to the kidnies.
1831 Scott Let. to A. Dyce 31 Mar. in Lockhart, Threatened
with a determination of blood to the head. 1883 Syd. Soc.
Lex., Determination, the active direction to a part; as of
blood to a special organ with increased vascular action.
+8. The final condition to which anything has
a tendency. Ods.
1646 Sir T. Browne Psend, Ep.u.i. 50 The determination of
uick-silveris properly fixation, that of milke coagulation, and
that of oyle and unctious bodies onely incrassation. 1707
Curios. in Hush. & Gard. 340 Each Corpuscle of Salt returns
into the primitive Determination which it holds from Nature.
9. Metaph. The definite direction of the mind
or will toward an object or end, by some motive,
regarded as an external force.
¢1685 Soutn Serm., Will for Deed (1715) 389 Homage
which Nature commands all Understandings to pay to it,
by necessary Determination. 1690 Locke Hum, Und. iu.
xxi. 50 The determination of the will, upon inquiry, is fol-
lowing the direction of that guide: and he that has a power
to act or not to act, according as such determination directs,
is a free agent; such determination abridges not that power
wherein liberty consists. 1727-51 CHAMBERS Cyc/., Deter-
minations, again, are either moral or physical: a moral
determination is that proceeding from a cause which operates
morally. 1788 Reiw Act. Powers 1.1. vi. 571 Dr. Hutche-
son, considering all the principles of action as so many de-
terminations or motions of the will.
10. The mental action of coming to a decision ;
the fixing or settling of a purpose ; the result of
this; a fixed purpose or intention.
1548 Hatt Chron. an. 8 Edw. IV. 203 Havyng a sure deter-
minacion, fixed in their myndes. 15; LamsarbE Peramdé.
Kent (1826) 237 King Alfred was in Kent when he made
determination of this journey. 1577 B. Gooce Heresbach's
Husb. 1. (1586) 8 Cato would have a man Jong in determin-
ation to builde, but to plant and sowe out of hand. 1630
R. Fohnson's Kingd. & Commw. 107 The English had no
determination to leave them. 1794 Mrs. Rapcurre Myst.
Udolpho xxvi, Agitated with doubts and fears and contrary
determinations. 1883 Sim T Martin Ld. Lyndhurst xvii.
416 Lord Lyndhurst left office with the determination never
again to return to it. Mod. From this determination no
reasoning could move her. ;
ll. The quality of being determined or resolute ;
determinedness, resoluteness.
1822 Scorr Nigel xxvii, Elizabeth possessed a sternness of
masculine sense and determination which rendered even her
we + -Fes|
I had less determination in my heart, I could not love you
so well. 1853 Sir H. Douctas Milit. Bridges (ed. 3) 145
Never was .. operation executed with greater intelligence
and determination. 1866 Gro. Exitor /. Holt (1868) 32
There was an expression of acuteness and determination
about him. 1 F, Hatt in Lippincott’s Mag. XV. 345/2
In the same spirit of, determination.
Determinative (dits1minctiv), a. and sé.
a. F. déterminatif, -ive (15th c. in Godef. Supfi.),
ppl. stem of L. déterminare to DETERMINE: see
-IVE. A. adj. -
1. ized by determining, deciding,
fixing ; serving or tending to determine or decide.
ble. 1829 Lytron Devereux u. xi, If |
OF | of this
DETERMINE.
1655 BraMuHat Ags. petted pa That individual action. .
cannot proceed from the special influence and determinative
wer of a just cause. 1678 Gate Crt. Gentiles III. 23
This efficacious concurse, as it determines and applies the
second cause to act, is .. termed determinative. 1682 Lut-
TRELL Brief Rel. (1857) 1. 205 The day appointed for pro-
nouncing the determinative sentence in the cause. 1728 tr.
Dupin's Eccl. Hist. 1.1. vi. 120 Vhe determinative Voice
of the Head of the Church. 1865 Hotann Plain 7. v. 183
Determinative of the character of life. 1884 Fairpatrn in
Contemp. Rev. Mar. 360 The underlying conception, the
determinative principle or idea.
+b. Characterized by being determined or fixed.
1677 Hate Contempl., Christ Crucif. (R.), Our Lord
Christ’s body could not be longer detained under the power
of death, then the determinative time of three days.
2. Serving to limit or fix the extent, or the
specific kind or character of anything : said of attri-
butes or marks added with this purpose. Cf. B. 2.
1697 J. Sercrant Solid Philos. 310 The one..is Common
or Determinable properly by the other, and the other is
Particular or Determinative of it. 1711 Suarress. Charac.
(17 7) IIL. vi. vi. 385 If..we wou'd needs add some exteriour
marks, more declaratory and determinative of.. Virtue and
Pleasure. 1725 Watts Logic i. ii. § 5 ‘The term. .is deter-
minative and limits the subject to a particular part of its
extension. 1865 ‘lyvtor -arly Hist. Man. v. 99 The
Egyptians do not seem to have got rid of their determi-
native pictures, 1881 — Anthropol. vii.171 These examples
..give some idea of the principles of its (Chinese writing]
sound-characters and keys or determinative signs.
B. sé.
1. A determinative agent ; that which determines,
decides, or impels in a given direction.
1832 AustIN Yurispr. (1879) I. xxvii. 521 A right of action
is not merely considered as an instrument or means of redress
but as a restraint or determinative from wrong.
2. That which serves to determine or define the
character or quality of something else. a. In
hieroglyphic writing, an ideographic sign annexed
to a word phonetically represented, for the purpose
of defining its signification. ‘Thus in the ancient
Egyptian hieroglyphics there were generic deter-
minatives which indicated the class of notions to
which the word belonged, determtnatives of num-
ber, etc. b. In Sctence of Language, a spoken
syllable having an analogous function in some
languages ; also, a determinative or demonstrative
word.
1862 Marsu Eng. Lang. iv. 67 Very many of the native
Mono-syllables are mere Determinatives. 1862 RAwLinson
Anc. Mon. |. iv. 81 The ‘ determinative’ of a god—the sign,
that is, which marks that the name of a god is about to fol-
low. 1875 Renour Egyptian Gram. 11 Plural nouns and
adjectives usually .. take the sign ‘ or 111 after them asa
determinative of plurality. 188z Tytor Anthropol. vii. 173
Even where they spelt words by their sounds, they had a
remarkable way of adding what are called determinatives,
which are pictures to confirm or explain the spelt word.
1883 Sayce Fresh Light Anc. Mon. i. 18 Determinatives ..
characters which have no phonetic value, but which deter-
mine the class to which the word they accompany belongs.
Dete‘rminatively, adv. [f. prec. + “LY 2]
a. In a determinative manner ; so as to determine.
+ b= DETERMINATELY.
1641 Argument Law in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) V. 63 Such
things as are intended immediately, directly, and determin-
atively against the life and person of the King. 1643 Mar-
SHALL Let. 14 To judge every person..in the Nation deter-
minatively and conclusively, so as from that judgement
there is no appealing. 1662 Everyn Chalcogr. 124 For the
symmetrically conducting of his hatches, determinatively,
and with certitude.
Dete'rminativeness. [f. pr
a. The quality of being determinative.
TERMINATENESS 2; determination.
1821 Blackw. Mag. X. 76 A due proportion of the organ
of determinativeness in our peasantry and mechanics might
make our subjugation a matter of absolute impossibility.
185 I. Taytor Wesley (1852) 121 [Wesley] whose letters
are eminent samples of succinct determinativeness.
Determinator (dits-smine'tar). [a. L. déter-
mindtor, agent-noun from L. déterminare to 1)k-
TERMINE: with quot. 1556 cf. obs. F. détermr-
nateur.) We who or that which determines in
various senses of the verb); a determiner.
1556 Aurelio & Isab. (1680) Dv, Of that they ware the
juges, and determinateurs. 1642 Sir E. Derine Sf. on Relig.
xiv. 44 The proper determinators of this point. 1646 Sir
T. Browne Pseud. Ep. ut. v. 115 Three ceterminators of
truth, Authority, Sense and Reason. 1855 Zss. /ntuit.
Mor. 146 If a man set forth Moral pleasure as the deter-
minator of his Will. 1879 H. Grorce Progr, & Pov. 18'lo
make the ratio with production, and not the ratio with capital,
the determinator of wages. ;
Determine (dit5-1min), v. [a. OF. determine-r
(12th c. in Littré), = Pr., Sp., It. determinar, ad.
L. déterminare to bound, limit, determine, fix, f.
L. De- I. 3+ 4erminare to set bounds to.]
I. To put an end or limit to; to come to an end.
1. trans. To put an end to (in time) ; to bring to
an end; to end, conclude, terminate. (Now chiefly
os To De determinare, diffint
1483 Cath, A 98 To Determyn, determinare, difintre,
distinguere, fe or 4 ag Chron. 5 At the Conquest
I haye eke determyn: e vi. part. c1gro Mone Picus
Wks. oft Death determineth the manifolde incommodities..
i 533 Lv. Berners Huon Wii. 1 Tt behoueth
yne oure besy Ssirn in
[f. prec. + -NESS.]
b=De-
ay
vs ly to
DETERMINE.
Fuller's Abel Rediv,., Willet 573 Here also God determined | era which determined the
his travails. 1709 Sreeie 7 atler No. 167 ® 5 Her Husband's
Death .. would certainly have determined her Life. 1785
Patey Mor. Philos, (1818) 1. 326 To determine a connexion
which is become odious to both. 1818 Cruise Vigest (ed. 2)
I¥. i A warranty .. may be defeated, determined, or
avoided, in all or in s 1845 Sternen Laws Engl. (ed. 6)
1, 298 The lessee ., hath determined his estate by his own
default. 1874 Srusss Const, Hist. (1875) I. xvi. 441 The
death of Edward III determined the crisis,
+b. To cause to end z# (some conclusion). Oés.
@ 1668 Denuam Poems 98 The people join’d In glad con-
sent, and all their common fear Determine in my fate. 1673
‘Temrte Odserv. United Prov. Wks. 1731 1. 25 Albert bent
the whole Force of the War upon France, till he determined
it in a Peace with that Crown.
2. intr. (for ref.) To come to an end; to cease
to exist or be in force; to expire, to die. (Now
chiefly in Law.)
©1374 Cuaucer 77vylus ut. 330 (379) That rather dye I
wold, and determyne, As thinkith me, stokkid in prisoun.
1571 Ludlow Churchw. Acc. (Camden) 147 His interest in
the said pewe to determyne. 1607 Suaks. Cor. m1. iii. 43
Must all determine heere?
life was to determine with his fathers. 1677 Cary Chronod.
11. 1. 1. Vv. 104 The Year .. was that in which the 4th of the
6th St fap in did Determine. 1770 Lancuorne Plutarch
(1879) 1. 422/2 ‘The changes we have to experience only de-
termine with our lives. 1794 Matuias Purs. Lit. (1798) 289
‘The custom ceased and determined at Sir Matthew Mite’s
election, 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) V. 56 In fact the estate
of Martin did not determine by his death, surrender, or for-
feiture, but by the death of King Charles II]. 1883 Giap-
stone SP. in Parl. 19 July, Vhe privileges... do not deter-
mine with the life of M. de Lesseps.
b. To end zz (a termination, conclusion, or re-
sult); ‘to end consequentially’ (J.). Ods. or arch.
1605 CAMDEN Rem. (1637)-143/4, As long as issue male con-
tinued, which determined in John Moubray Duke of Nor-
folke. a 1631 Donne in Spurgeon 77reas. Dav. Ps. Ixvi. 3
As long as their rage determined in his person, he opened
not his mouth. 1654 ‘lrarr Comm. ¥ob xxi. 13 Vheir merry
dance determineth in a miserable downfall. 1684 Contem/d.
State of Man. vii. (1699) 71 ‘The Misery wherein all the
Felicity of this World is to determin. a@1716 Soutn Serv,
(1744) X. 78 But that which begins in vanity, must needs
determine in vexation of spirit. 1767 Byron's Voy. r. World
114 The head is small ..and determines in a snout. 1875
Srusps Const. Hist. U1. xviii. 4 The crisis. .is to determine
in that struggle between the crown and the commons which
the last two centuries have decided.
+3. trans. To set bounds to; to bound, limit.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. RK. x1x. i. (1495) 861 Colour is
the vttermest party..that is determyned fro the vtter party
of a bodyly thynge. 1571 Dicces Pantom. 1. Elem. Bij,
A Circle is a plaine figure, determined with one line, which
is called a Circumference. 1601 HoLLtanp /’/iny 1. 128
Many of the Geographers set not downe Indus the riuer,
for to determine the marches of the Indians Westward. 1654
Cromwe et Sf. 22 Jan. (Carlyle', It determines his power.
1689 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. 1, 311 The ‘Two Countyes shall
have the Moors of the sayd Countyes otherwise determined.
1732 Atterbury (J.), That hill which thus determines
their view at a distance.
b. Logic. To limit by adding differences ; to
limit in scope.
(1ss5 Watreman Fardle Facions un. iv. 141 Determinyng
the ‘l'radicions of Moyses, by certein ordenaunces and de-
crees, whiche thei them selues [Phariseis] sette vp.] 1838
Sir W. Hamitton Logic xi. (1866) 1. 194 When we deter-
mine any notion by adding on a subordinate concept, we
divide it. 1842 Anr. THomson Laws 7. Ixxxvii. (1860) 158
Some mark may be added .. which narrows the extent of
both, but renders them more definite—better determined.
+e. ‘To limit 40, restrict 40. Ods.
1450-1530 J/yrr. our Ladye 101 Soche a fredome as is de-
termyned to nothynge in certeyne, but yt may be apyiyed
generally, 1659 Hammonb Ox /’s, xix. 11 Annot. 115 ‘The
context seems rather to determine it to the first. .sense, 1690
Locke Hum, Und, ui. ix. §17 No one has Authority to
determine the signification of the word Gold .. more to one
Collection of Ideas .. than to another, 1691 Ray Creation
4, (1704) 380 Not..necessarily determined to one manner of
Respiration.
I. To bring to an end a dispute, controversy, or
doubtful matter ; to conclude, settle, decide, fix.
4. trans. To settle or decide (a dispute, question,
matter in debate), as a pee or arbiter.
¢ 1380 Wycuir Se?. IVs. ILL. 345 Pat 3if pe pope determine
ou3t, panne it is soip & to bileue. ¢1440 Generydes 1695 To
determyne [4/5 -mytte] this mater, Generydes was brought
owt. 1§26 TinpALe Acts xix. 39 Itt may be determined ina
lawfull congregacion. 1530 Patsor. 514/2, I determyne, I
make a conclusion in a mater. 1576 FLeminc Panofl. Epist.
246 Sitting in his long gowne, or riche robe, is occupied in
suche matters as are SAvin to be determined. 1588 Suaxs.
Tit. A. 1. i. 407 Let the lawes of Rome determine all. 1660
V rial Regic. 9 Authorized by the King's Majestie to hear,
and determine, all ‘Treasons, Felonies, and other Offences.
e1710C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 260 Matters of Life and death
are not here tryed or determined. 1868 Mitman S¢. Paul's
vii. 133 The Dean,presided in all causes brought before the
Chapter, aud determined them. 1868 M. Partison Academ,
Org. iv. 114 This ambi d d i
iguity should be d in one
direction or in the other. :
b. with an object expressing the sentence, con-
clusion, or issue.
1647 CLarenvon //ist. Red, 1. (1843) 6/1 He would under-
take .. that his presence would in a moment determine the
restitution of the palatinate to his brother and_ sister.
1751 Jounson Kaméler No, 181 P 3 The time at which every
man’s fate was to be determined. 1752 Hume Ess. § Treat.
(1777) I. 108 The laws will... d ine the punish
the criminal. - 1832 Ht. Martineau Each & Adi v. 67 The
ircumstances which determine the recompense of each.
1853 J. H. Newman Hist. S&, (1873) 1. 1. i. 86 It was an
1615 G. Sanvys /'rav.73 His |
270
of the world. 1875 Jowetr
Plato (ed. 2) V. 63 The law determine all our various
duties towards ives.
¢. with subordinate clause, expressing the matter
at issue. a
1399 Pol. Poems (Rolls) I. 385 And whedir the of
_ were good other ille, trouthe hathe determyhedag6
Aus Bullinger on A poc. (1573) 192 Lucius the third. .deter-
mineth playnly, that heretickes are stricken with an euer-
lastyng curse. 1568 Grarton Chron. LI. 227 To determine
what was meetest to be done in this matter. 1589 R. Harvey
fl. Perc. (1290) 15 As senseles, as they which determine
vpon an Ale bench whether the passenger .. be a Saint or
a Diuell. 1611 Biste Acts xxvii. 1 When it was determined
[earlier vv. demed, concluded, decreed] that we should saile
into Italy. 1747 Col. Rec. Pennsylv.V. 105 It might now be
determin'd whether the Council's Speech to the Assembly
.-Shou'd be Printed. 1834 Sourney Doctor Ixv, (1862) 137
Far happier are they who always know what they are to do,
than they who have to determine what they will do. 1887
Ruskin Preterita Il. 179, I determined that the Alps were,
on the whole, best seen from below.
5. intr. To come to a judicial decision ; to give
a decision ; to decide. + Const. of (on).
c 1384 Cuaucer 1, Fame 1.343 Wayte vpon the conclusyon,
And eke how that ye determynen, And for the more ‘part
diffynen. ¢1477 Caxton ¥ason 72 Smale thinges of which
they shall haue the knowleche for to determine. 15;
‘Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 41/2 Suche men.. althoug
they affirme, yet can poy A certeinely determine of nothing.
1598 Haxcuyt /’oy. 1.68 Neither. .to speake of any affaires,
after they haue beene determined of by the Emperour. 1613
Suaks. //en. V/1/, 1. i. 214 You shall to th’ ‘Tower, till you
know How he determines further. 1634 W. Tirwnyt tr.
Balzac's Lett. 244 Who have reason enough to doubt, but
not science sufficiently to determine rightly. 1709 StryPe
Ann, Ref. 1. xxxix. 447 Cox, Bishop of El , determined on
both questions. 1751 { Posen Rambler ns: 155? 4 The
general inability of man to determine rightly concerning his
own. 1759 Frankiin Ess. Wks. 1840 III. 268 The repre-
sentatives of the people have an undoubted right to judge
and determine. .of the sum to be raised. 1767 Yunins Lett.
xxxv, 166 What .. remains, but to leave it to the people to
determine for themselves ?..They alone ought to determine.
+b. To decide for. Obs.
1624-25 Br. Mountacu Corr. 3. Cosin (865) I. 42, I deter-
mine next weke for Pettworth. 1750 Br. Hurp in War-
burton's Lett, (1809) 52 He has determined for the Law.
e. To decide or fix upon, on. (Blending with
18 c, q. v.)
+6. To lay down decisively or authoritatively ;
to pronounce, declare, state. (Const. as in 4, 5.)
1393 Gower Conf. III. 86 Of theorique —— The
philosophre in speciall The propretes hath determined.
c1400 Rom. Rose 4885 Of ech synne it is the rote.. As
‘Tulius can determyne. 1486 Bk. St. Albans, Her. Aja,
Here in thys booke folowyng is determyned the lynage of
Coote armuris.
+b. To decide or declare to be; to term. Odés.
1653 H. More Antid. Ath, u. xi. (1712) 161 This he de-
termines primogenious moisture. = :
+ 7. trans. To settle or fix beforehand; to ordain,
decree ; to ordain what is to be done. Odés.
1382 Wycuir Acts xvii. 26 Determynynge tymes ordeyned,
and termes of habitacioun. 1535 CoveRDALE /sa. x. 23 Y®
Lorde .. shal perfectly fulfil the thinge, that he hath deter-
myned. 1586 A. Day Lag. Secretary 1. (1625) 121 His
houre was come, so was it determined, which way could
shun it? 16x Biste 1 Sa. xxv. 17 For evil is determined
against our master. 1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. u. iii.
263 Some superintendent Intellectual Nature, that by cer-
tain election and choice determined things. 1758 S. Hay-
WARD Sermt. xiv. 408 God .. determined holiness to be the
way to everlasting happiness. oe
8. trans. To fix or decide causally ; to condition
as a cause or antecedent.
1651 Hopes Leviath. 1. x. 42 As in other things. .not the
seller, but the buyer determines the Price. 1758 OHNSON
Rambler No. 141 ? 2 The whole tenor of his life has been
determined by some accident of no apparent moment. 1839
Murcuison Silur. Syst. 1. xxxvi. 505 These divergences
have. . been determined by the eruptive forces which evolved
the trap rocks. 1856 Emerson ng. Traits, Wealth Wks.
(Bohn) II. 72 The wealth of London determines prices all
over the globe. 1874 Sayce Compar. Philol. ii. 73 Dante
has determined classical Italian. 1883 Gitmour Mongols
xviii. 213 His religion .. determines for him the colour and
cut of his coat. ;
9. To decide upon (one of several) ; to fix (which
or what it is to be).
1659 Pearson Creed (1662) 195 The apertion of the wombe
determineth the first-born, 1720 Ozet. Vertot's Rom. Kep.
IL. x. 155 To rob his Enemy of the cruel Pleasure of deter-
mining Sebel of. . set gh 177% pass, Gesrenn tr. Viaud's
Shipwrec Let us then determine the ers
lot. M *Cosu Div, Govt. um. i. (1874) 269 It is the sy
which determines what is to be preferred or rejected. 1886
Sir J. Stixuine in Law Times’ 9 LV. — Determining
what particulars of objections ought to be allowed.
b. with alternative clause.
1772 Hist. Rochester 33 Whether in this tower..I cannot
determine. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) VI. 325 To deter-
mine whether he should or should not consider it as his own.
+10..To conclude from reasoning, investigation,
etc, (a thing fo be, or that it is). Obs. :
1494 Fanyan Chron. i. xxv. 54 Whiche length of tyme is of
some Auctour determyned to be Jonge and of some but shorte,
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 163 b, Rosell, Angelus,
other doctours determyneth & udeth that [etc.
1559 W. CunnINGHAM Cosmogr. Glasse 26 Stadium . . whi
length Plinie determineth to be 125 _ x62x Burton
Anat: Mel. 11. ii. 1. (1676) 162/2 Thus Clavius and Maginus,
etc., with their follo vary and determine of these celes-
tial orbs and bodies. 1788 Prirsttey Lect, Hist. 1. xvi. a2
Bishop Fleetwood has determined. .that five pounds in
| compleint to Bochas determine.
| wyste on which parte to determine your byleue.
DETERMINE.
reign was valent to twenty eight, or thirty, now.
Mi me Alicia de IV. 218 Hereford rem]
mined him to be an audacious knave. :
11. ¢rans. To ascertain definitely by observation,
examination, calculation, etc. (a a previously
unknown or uncertain) ; to fix as
1650 Futter Pisgah 1. vii. 18 It is hard to determin their
exact habitation. 1696 Wuiston 7h. Earth u (1722) 121
‘The entire Circle may still be describ’d, and its Original
Situation determin’d. 1715 Desacutiers Fires Lmpr.
We shall in the third Bock determine Ui. Biquess. ond
Situation of those Cavities. 1 Wuiston Yosephus's
Hist, Pref. § 10 The measures ose edifices. .all accur-
ately determined, 1806 Hutton Course Math. 1. 367 Having
given the Area .. of a Rectangle, inscribed in a given Tri-
angle; to determine the Sides of the Rectan 1811
Pinkerton Petrad. 1. 357 A rock very difficult to determine.
1824 De Quincey Pol. Econ. Dial. v. (1860) 553 As when
I say that the thermometer determines the , Viz., that
it determines or ascertains it to my knowledge. 1860 Tyn-
DALL Glac. 1. viii. 60 We also determined both the velocity
and the width of the Glacier. 1861 F. Haut in ¥rnd. Asiat.
| Soc. Bengal 147 He has determined him to a. D. 499.
Bosw. Smitn Carthage 201 Some difficulty in Wha
the route by which he approached it.
12. Geom. (trans.) Yo fix or define the position of.
1840 Larpner Geom. xiii. 159 To determine a similar
system of points. 1885 Leupesporr Cremona’s Proj. Geom.
175 I'wo projective ranges of points d ine an involution ;
for they determine the apr ogee 5, which determines the
involution.
b. intr. To be defined as to position.
1885 I.eupEsporF Cremona's Proj. Geom. 285 All straight
lines passing through U determine on the circumference.
3. To discuss and resolve a disputed question
(determinare questionem), or maintain a_ thesis
against an opponent in a scholastic disputation, es-
pecially in a disputation by which a student entered
upon the degree of B.A. ; hence, absolutely, To per-
form the exercises of DETERMINATION (sense 4)
which completed the degree of Bachelor of Arts,
and enabled the student to proceed to qualify himself
for the Master’s degree. Ods. exc. Hist.
[1267 in Munim. Acad. O.xon. (Rolls) 1. 34 Ut certa forma
provideretur sub qua Bachillarii artium determinaturi ad
determinandum forent admittendi.] _1§70-6 LamBakDE
Peramb. Kent (1826) 193 That a young Novesse should thus
boldly determine at their disputations. 1649 Order 26 Jan.
in Wood Life (Oxf. H. S.) 1. 149 That all Bachelaurs of this
University who have not determined the last yeare do deter-
mine this Lent. 1691 — Ath. O-von. II. 413 After he had
taken the degree of Bach. of Arts and determined. a 1695
— Life Il. 517 Every bachelor was to determine twice be-
tween the 17 Feb, to 7 March. 1 . CHAMBERLAYNE S¢.
Gt. Brit, 1. i. xi. (1743) 281 He 1s obliged .. to propose a
question in the publick Schools within a Year after he hath
taken the said Degren (D.D.], and to determine upon the
same. 1878 A. CLark Reg. Univ. Oxf.(O.H.S.) 11.1. 50 In
some cases the University bound over the ‘ admissi’ to de-
termine next Lent under a money penalty. /ééd.,On 17 Feb.
1599 a committee was appointe; to provide a scheme by
which bachelors’ pr might be compelled to determine.
III. To direct to some end or conclusion; to
, come to some conclusion.
14. trans. To give a terminus or aim to; to give
tendency or direction to; to direct; to decide the
course of; to impel 40 (some destination).
a 1430 Lypc. Bochas 1x. xxxii. (1554) 211 b, He .. Gan_his
1711 Appison Sfect. No.
121 Pt Such an Operation. .as. .determines all the Portions
of Matter to their proper Centres. 1751 Jounson Rambler
No. 151 ® 4 Accidental impulses determine us to different
paths. 1753 N. Torrtano Gangr. Sore Throat 71 Determin-
ing the morbific Matter from the internal to the. .external
Parts. 1798 Mattuus /opud. (1806) II. mm. x. 252 Thus de-
ini q ros ital to this particular
employmen| aga Grove Corr, Phys. Forces 80 A power
. of determining the oxygen of the liquid to its >
b. fig. To direct, impel, give a direction or defi-
nite bias to.
1529 More Dyaloge 1. Wks. 164/2 Ye shoulde —-
3 J.
Satxetp 7reat. Angels 221 Are by reason of the same
beatitude so prevented and determined to all good. .that in*
no wise they can sinne, 1662 Srituincrt. Orig. Sacr. ut. iii.
$7 If this power of determining its self either way must be
taken away. a Rust Disc. Truth (1682) 189 It is no
imperfection in God to be determined to Good. Locke
Hum, Und. 1. xxi. § 50 We are with a power to
suspend any particular desire, and keep it from determining
the will, and engaging us in action. 1772 W. CULLEN /nst.
Med. w. § 202 Animals are deter d to take in
the appetites of hunger and thirst. | Six W. Hamit-
TON etaph. (2077) 1-1. 93 Sp lative truth is valuable onl,
as it determines a greater quantity of
activity. 1842 Grove Corr, Phys. Forces
mines or facilitates the action ical
15. intr. To take its course, go, tend ¢o (a par-
ticular terminus or destination). arch. b
1651 Life Father Sarfi (1676) 61 Until it might be dis-
cerned whether the y would determine to life, or
death. 1656 SANDERSON Serr. (1689) 542 They all determine
and concentre there, 1805 W. Saunvers A/in, Waters 293
A dose of this water .. will generally determine rw 4
powerfully to the kidnies. 1839 Bawey /estus xxi. (1
272 To none they all beanie ones it aged pe Ive
When the separating judgment shall come on,
{hu ing) d ines to the place he loves _
+b. intr. To be directed ufon (anything) as a
goal or final ae. Obs. i5 ia “
‘er, Tayior Gt. Exemp. 1. 12. 94 hopes
estan upon any thing lesse
ought not to omy
cians bennons ‘Lbid. ix. § 18 To suffer corporal austerities
ter ag
it.
power into
It only deter-
DETERMINED.
with thoughts determining upon the external action or ima-
ginations of sanctity inherent in the action.
16. trans. To decide the course of (a person) ;
to bring to the determination, decision, or reso-
lution (¢0 do something),
1672 Witkins Nat, Relig. 29 He. .shall not be able to deter-
mine himself to the belief or practice of any thing. 1712
Strece Sfect. No, 278 ? 2 A distressed Damsel, who
intends to be determined by your Judgment. 1741 MippLe-
ton Cicero (1742) ILI. 1x. 56 All these informations de-
termined him at last not to venture to the Senate. 1788 T.
Jerrerson IV’rit, (1859) II. 520 Determining the fishermen
to carry on their trade from their own homes. 1818 Mrs.
Suettey Frankenst. vi. (1865) 97 ‘These reflections deter-
mined me and I resolved to remain silent. 182x Scorr
Kenilw. xx, A step to which Janet by farther objections
only determined her the more obstinately. 1886 DowpENn
Shelley Il. i. 7. [She] took credit to herself for having
determined Shelley to travel abroad.
+17. ref. To bring oneself to a decision; to
come to the resolve (¢o do something). [=F se
determiner.| Obs.
1393 Gower Conf. I. 267 They upon this medicine Ap-
inten hem and determine That..'They wolde [etc.]. 1477
ARL Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 1, I determyned me to take
that voyage. 1490 Act7 Hen, VII,c. 1 Preamb., The King
: hath determined himself to pass over the Sea. r7or tr. Le
Clere’s Prim. Fathers (1702) 57 ‘Tis the part of a Witty Man,
to Determine himself speedily upon all sorts of Questions.
18. intr. (for ref.) To come to the decision, re-
solve definitely (¢o do something). ‘In carly use
often fo determine with oneself.
1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 226 The moste meke wylle of
the Vyrgyn vtterly determyned to sarue god. 1g09 Hawes
Past, Pleas. u. vi, I have determyned in my judgement,
For La Bell Pucell. . To passe the waye of so greate jeopardy.
1526-34 TinpaLe Acts xx. 16 Paul had determined [Wycuir,
Rhem., purposed] to leave Ephesus as they sailed. 1530
Parser. 514/2 Whan I determyne with my selfe todoa thyng.
1548 Hatt Chron. 187 b, Hein the meane season determined
to make hys abode in Scotland. /é/d. 194 b, He determined
with him selfe clerely to marye with her. 15390 Martowe
and Pt. Tamburl. 11. ii, Determines straight To bid us battle
for our dearest lives. 1 Rosertson Chas. V, V. 1v. 375
He determined to set the highest price upon Francis’s free-
dom. 1808 Med. Frnl. X1X. 437 The obstinacy. .of the
fever made me determine .. to administer some remedy.
1891 E. Peacock NV. Brendon I. 310 Narcissa determined to
go at once.
b. with subordinate clause or equivalent.
Dom N. Licuertetp, tr. Castanheda's Cong. E. Ind. i. 3
Taking order and determining with Pedro.., that at a time
appointed they shuld meet. 1594 Martowr & NasHEe
Dido v. i, That have I not determin’d with myself. 1736
Butter Ana. 1. i. Wks. 1874 I, 24 A man determines, that
he will look at such an object.
ce. To resolve zfon, on, + of (some course of
action). With indirect passive, Zo de determined
on or upon.
This 4 tape to combine senses 5 and 18, and to pass im-
perceptibly from the sense decide to that of resolve.
1607 SHAKs, Co”. Iv. i, 35 Determine on some course. 1636
tr. Ariana 307, I could not as yet determine of what I was
to doe. 1754 J. Suespeare Matrimony (1766) I. 19 [This]
seduced him to determine on the Life of a Gentleman, when
his Uncle should die. 1801 Mrs. Cu. Smita Solitary Wand.
I. 33 Unable to determine on what answer they were to give.
1883 Froupe Short. Stud. 1V.1. vi. 69 The bishops. .deter-
mined on a further appeal tothe pope. 1885 Manch. Exam,
26 June 5/4 Not at present definitely determined on.
d. zmpersonal passive. 7
1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xxix, It was determined
to sell the place. i‘
19. Zo be determined, to have come to a decision
or definite resolve (/0 do something) ; to be finally
and firmly resolved. (Cf. DerERMINED £//. a.)
1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 771 If she finally
were determined to kepe him. 1529 — Dyaloge 1. Wks. 161/2
One, whom she is determined neuer to mary. 1594 Saks.
Rich. IIT, 1. i. 30 Therefore, since I cannot proue a Louer..
I am determined to prouea Villaine. 1601 — $¥ud. C. v. i.
zoo What are you then determined to do? 1725 De For
Voy. round World (1840) 19 If I had been otherwise de-
termined. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 208 Being now
determined as to the composition of the mortar for the
Edystone. 1866 Gro. Exior #. Holt (1868) 17 No; I’m
determined not to sleep up-stairs.
+b. To be bound for. Obs.
1784 R. Bace Barham Downs 1. 222 Sir George is deter-
mined for Switzerland in a few days.
5 a (d?ts-1mind), Af/. a. [f. prec. +
-ED1, ;
1. Terminated, ended.
1581 J. Bert Haddon's Answ. Osor. 444 Albeit the thing
itselfe. ;be past, and y° tyme thereof determined,
2. Limited, restricted: a. as to extent; b. as
to freedom of action or choice ; conditioned.
1603 Suaxs. Meas. for M. m. i. 70 Perpetual durance,
arestraint..Toadetermin’d scope. 1805 Worpsw. Prelude
1, 641 "Tis a theme Single and of determined bounds.
* 1871 R. H. Hutton Ess. (1877) I. 53 Fails to render such
a fact as free-will in the offspring of absolutely determined
natures even conceivable. :
3. Decided, settled, fixed; decided or resolved
upon,
156r T. Norton Calvin's Just. 1. 113 Let vs hold for
determined, that the life of man is instructed in the law.
1576 Freminc Panofl. Epist 193 He —— him selfe to
cloake his determined mischiefe. 1602 T. FitzHersert
Afol. 21a, So farre as my determined breuity wil permit,
3 OwEN Pembrokeshire (1891) 197 {I] fall into ——
ny matter to speake of Pembrokshire. 1650 J. Taytor
oly Living iii. § 4 (1727) 173 It is a determined rule in
271
divinity. 1836 J. Gitsert Chr. A fonem. ix. (1852) 261 Some
determined bias must have existed.
4. Appointed, ordained ; fixed beforehand.
2a 1500 Wycket (1828) 3 The chosen .. shalbe made whyte
tyll a tyme determined. x W. Cunnincuam Cosmogr.
Glasse 25 Not any determined, or appointed measure, as
a yarde, a furlong. 1580 Lyty Euphues (Arb.) 284 Caused
al the company to breake off their determined pastimes.
159 Suaxs. 1 Hen. VT, ww. vi.g To my determin’d time
thou gau'’st new date. 1612 T. ‘Taytor Comm, Titus i. 3
They are so by the determined counsell of God.
5. Defined, definite, exact; distinctly marked or
laid down ; fixed.
1570 Dre Math, Pref. 3 If a Poynt moue from a deter-
mined situation. 1582 Batman Tvevisa’s Barth. de P. R.
mt, xx. 21 If it had a determined savour. .it might not take
the savour of another thing. 1690 Locke Hum. Und. i. v.
§14 Names..when they have any determin'd Signification.
1726 Leon Adberti’s Archit. V1. 55a, Others set apart
a certain determined place of burial. 1733 Neat ///st.
Purit. 11, 375 Oaths ought to be explicit, and the words
as clear and determined as possible. 1789 Gitpin Ilye 10
A body of water .. wearing any determined form. 1796-7
Iustr, §& Reg. Cavalry (1813) 77 The determined line on
which the pivots of the column are to stand. 1891 RosSEBERY
Pitt xi. 194 Some cynical offer .. of his interest for a deter-
mined price.
6. Definitely ascertained or identified.
1817 Cuatmers Astron. Disc. i. (1852) 21 A round ball of
a determined magnitude. 1882 /xtomol. Mag. Mar. 235
Specimens. .either determined or undetermined.
7. a. Of persons: Characterized by determination
or final and fixed resolve; resolute; not to be
moved from one’s purpose.
1772 Aun. Reg. 26/2 Because they were determined deists.
1803 G. Rose Diaries (1860) 11. 46 The King..is a deter-
mined Antigallican. 1847 Emerson Rep Men, Goethe
Wks. (Bohn) I. 3y1, I meet the eyes of the most determined
of men. 1883 Froupe Short Stud. 1V.1. ii. 24 Intimating
that the king would find him a most determined antago-
nist, 1885 F. ‘Temrce Relat. Relig. §& Sc.i. 4 Science and
Religion seem very often to be the most determined foes to
each other. 1887 77iz¢s 10 Oct. 3/3 ‘I'wo determined look-
ing men, were charged with being suspected persons.
b. Of personal properties, actions, etc.: Show-
ing determination, unflinching, unwavering.
1604 SHAKS. Oth. 11. ili. 227 Cassio following him with
determin’d Sword To execute vpon him. 1765 Sterne 77.
Shandy VII. ix, With as determined a pencil as if I had
her in the wettest drapery. 1792 Anecd. W. Pitt I. xvii.
277 There was a determined resolution. .against any vigorous
exertion of the national power. 1837 Disravwi I exetia 1.
ii, Gave a determined ring at the bell. 1856 Emerson Ang.
Traits, Times Wks. (Bohn) II, 119 Courage, not rash and
petulant, but considerate and determined.
e. (For the predicative use in 40 be determined,
see DETERMINE @. 19.)
Dete'rminedly, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly*%.] In
a determined, decided, or resolute manner.
¢1540 Deposit. in Old IVays (1892) 100 Her mynde was
determynedly fyxitt that she wolde not marrye with hym.
1790 Hist. Europe in Ann. Reg. 20/1 The .. club, so deter-
minedly inimical to monarchy. 1811 Chron. ibid. 7 After
fighting 25 minutes most determinedly. 1849 Ruskin Sev.
Lamps v. § 6. 141 In every style that is determinedly pro-
gressive. 1870 Miss BripGman Ro. Lynne II, xiii. 268 She
tied on her bonnet grimly and determinedly.
Dete'rminedness. [f. as prec. + -NEss.]
The quality of being determined or resolute.
1748 Ricuarpson Clarissa (1811) I. iii. r2 So much deter-
minedness; such a noble firmness in my sister. 1771
T. Hutt Sir W. Harrington (1797) 1V. 25 With a deter-
minedness, in his looks, that made me tremble. 1883 Chicago
Advance 15 Mar., A persistent determinedness that has
known no discouragement.
Determiner ! (d/t3-1minoz).
v.+-ER |]
1. He who or that which determines, in various
senses. &. He who or that which decides.
1530 Patscr. 213/1 Determyner, delerminevr. 1584
Fenner Def. Ministers (1587) 59 Anie other determinors of
the issue. 1653 A. Witson Yas. J, 167 The Sword, as it is
the best determiner, so it is the most honourable T'reater.
1659 Mitton Civ, Power Wks. 1738 I. 547 No Man or body
of Men in these times can be the infallible Judges or Deter-
miners in matters of Religion. 1754 RicHarpson Grandison
(1781) III. xvi. 125 Miss Grandison must be the sole deter-
miner on this occasion. 1884 Century Mag. XXVIII. 122
The determiner of the future policy of the Church.
b. That which decides the course of action, or
determines the result.
1784 Epwarps Freed. W711 1. ii. (1762) 5 If the Will be
determined, there is a Determiner. This must be supposed
to be intended even by them that say the Will determines
itself. bid. 11. vii. go The opportunity that is left for the
Will itself to be the determiner of the act.
e, One who ascertains definitely.
1846 Grote Greece 1. xviii, II. 18 The original determiner
of this epoch. i
+2. A determining bachelor of arts ;=DETER-
MINANT B 1. Ods. (exc. Hist.)
1574 M. Stoxys in Peacock Stat. Cambridge (1841) App.
A. 6 [The bell shall] be tolled in every Colledge, Howse,
Hall or Hostell where eny Determiners be. 1726 AMHERST
Terre Fil. xiii. 224 The collectors..draw a scheme .. in
which the names of all determiners are placed in several
columns, and over against them, in other columns, the days
when, and the schools where, they are to respond.
+ Determiner 2. Zaw. [subst. use of F. déter-
miner pres. inf.) The final determining of a judge
or court of justice : in over and determiner, a variant
[f. DETERMINE
of ayer and terminer. (Obs. exc. Hist.)
DETERMINING.
1450 Paston Lett. No. 103 1.138 That ye hadde sued hym
for an especiall assise, and an oier and determiner. 1548
Hatt Chron, 169 b, A commission of oyer and determiner,
for the punishement of this outragious: offence & sedicious
crime, 1583 Stusses Anat. A dus. 11, (1882) 106 Lustices of
Assises, Ewer, Determiner, and the lyke. 1633 1’. StarForD
Pac. Hib, i. (1821) 16 Of Oyer, Determiner, and Goale de-
liverie, 1848 WHarton Law Lex., Oyer and Terminer..
sometimes written determiner.
Determining (d/ts1miniy), vé/. sd. [f. De-
TERMINE ¥, + -ING1.] The action of the verb
DLTERMINE; determination. (Now chiefly gerun-
dial.)
1530 Patscr. 213/1 Determyning, ferminance, delermina-
tion. 1580 HottyBann 7reas. ly. Tong, Determinance ..
the determining or ending of a thing, 1607 Hirxon Wks.
I. 117 The determining of all cases and questions in religion.
1670 Eacuarp Cont. Clergy 22 The .. inconsiderate deter-
mining of youths to the profession of learning. 1726 Leont
tr. dlberti’s Archit. 1. 9a, We must have regard to the..
Use of every Edifice in the determining of its Situation.
(1772 C. Hutton Bridges 4 Their spans are still necessary
for determining their figure. ]
In academic use = DETERMINATION 4.
1675 (25 Feb.) in A. Wood Life & 7. (O. H.S.) IT. 309
Officers that have fees for determining. 1887 [see DrtER-
MINATION 4]. we
Dete‘rmining, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG 2.]
1. That determines ; esp. that decides, or leads to
a decision ; that fixes the course or issue.
71x STEELE Sect. No. 158 P 3 A certain positive and
determining manner in which you talk. 1842 Grove Corr.
Plys. Forces 45 Vhe force of heat seems more a deter-
mining than a producing influence. 1856 Froupe //ist, Eng.
(1858) I. ii. r10 The determining principle of their action,
1884 Atheneum 23 Feb, 241/1 What was the determining
motive?
b. Terminating, ending.
1893 Daily News 21 Feb. 7/8 What is called the determining
school year (that is the school year ended last before the rst
Jan. 1891).
+2. Performing the academic exercise of DETER-
MINATION : determining bachelor, a bachelor of arts
who had to determine in the Lenten disputations
of the year. Ods. exc. in Undversity Hist.
1649 Order 26 Jan., in Wood Life & 7.10. H.S.) I. 149 That
all determining Bachelaurs do meet at St. Marie's at 12 of the
clock ,. and be conducted to the Schooles by the bedells.
1709 STEELE & Swirt 7'atler No. 71 8 Nota Senior Fellow
{will] make a Pun, nor a determining Batchelor drink
a Bumper, 1721 Amuerst Verve /'7d. No. 42 (1726) 232 The
collectors. .are chosen out of the determining batchelors by
the two proctors. 1887 A. CLark ANegistr. Univ. Oxf. 11.1.
52 To arrange the determining bachelors into groups, so that
each determining bachelor might dispute twice at least.
Hence Determiningly adv.
a1641 Br. MountaGue Acts & Alon. (1642) 489 We dare
not determiningly resolve, wee ought not boysterously to
rush upon it, |
Determinism (d/t5-uminiz’m).
MINE v. + -ISM ]
1. The philosophical doctrine that human action
is not free but necessarily determined by motives,
which are regarded as external forces acting upon
the will.
1846 Sir W. Hamitton Resa’s Wks. &7 note, There are two
schemes of Necessity—the Necessitation by efficient—the
Necessitation by final causes. ‘The former is brute or blind
Fate; the latter rational Determinism. 1855 W. THomson
in Oxford Essays 181 The theory of Determinism, in which
the will is regarded as determined or swayed to a particular
course by external inducements and formed habits, so that
the consciousness of freedom rests chiefly upon an oblivion
of the antecedents to our choice. 1860 Manse Proleg.
Logica App. Note D. 334 The latter hypothesis is Deter-
minism, a necessity no less rigid than Fatalism. 1866
Contemp. Kev. 1. 465 He arrived at a system of absolute
determinism, which entirely takes away man’s free will,
and with it his responsibility. 1880 W. L. Courtney
in Abbot Hedlenica (1880) 257 Epicurus .. was an opponent
of Fatalism, not of Determinism.
2. gen. The doctrine that everything that happens
is determined by a necessary chain of causation.
1876 Martineau Materialism 71 If man is only asample of
the universal determinism.
Dete‘rminist, 54. anda. [f. as prec. + -1s7.]
A. sb. One who holds the doctrine of deter-
minism,
1874 Mivart in Contemp. Rev. Oct. 784 The objections
of our modern Determinists. 1881 Sfectator 30 Apr. 574
He is an Agnostic and a Determinist, with no reserves.
1887 J. C. Morrison Service of Man ix. 298 The determinist
is not less but more resolute in teaching morality than his
free-will opponent. i
B. adj. Of or pertaining to the theory of deter-
minism.
1860 Manse Proleg. Logica App. Note E. 348, I believe
the scheme of liberty is inconceivable only if the determinist
argument is unanswerable. 1874 Sioewick Meth, Ethics v.
5 A Determinist scheme of morality. 1885 R. H. Hutton
in Contemp. Rev. Mar. 388 The necessarian or determinist
theory of human action. 1887 FowLer Princ. Morais u. ix.
308 The theory of Hobbes [on Volition] may most appro-
priately be called Determinist, The actions of men, he holds,
are, like all other events, determined, and determined
wholly, by antecedent circumstances .. The will is ‘the last
desire in deliberation’, and our desires are the necessary
result of their various antecedents.
Deterministic (ditaimini‘stik), a. [f. prec.
+-1¢.] Of or pertaining to determinism or deter-
minists. }
1874 W. G. Warp £ss. (1884) I. vi. 248 That which
[f. DrErer-
DETERMISSION.
motives—to use deterministic
dently the will’s spontaneous inclination. 1880 W. G. Warp
in Dublin Rev. Oct. 300 Mr. Hodgson maintains that the
Deterministic theory is by no means inconsistent with ‘ the
exis of guilt and sin’.
+ Determission. Obs, ? Corrupted form of de-
terminacion or OF, determineson : see DETERMIN A-
TION.
jage—affect is most evi-
a a Test. Love u. {1561 2g1b/t This dualitie, after
_ Clerkes determission, is founden in every creature,
+ ‘tion. Ods. [f. L. dé down + terra
earth + -ation. (Not connected with modF, dé-
terrer, OF, desterrer to disinter.)
down or descent of the surface of the earth from
hills and higher grounds into the valleys, by the
action of rain, landslips, or other physical process :
a frequent term of physiographers about 1700; cf.
Decrapation | 6,
1685 Piotr Staffordsh. 113 By the deterration or sinking of
a hill between the Church and place of view. 1686 Phil.
Trans. XVI. 210 A Marish.. being buried in Earth, by
those frequent Deterrations from the adjoyning Hills. 1695
Woopwarp Nat, Hist. Earth 1. (1723) 57 Deterrations, or
the Devolution of Earth down upon the Valleys, from the
Hills and higher Grounds. 1 J. Harris Lex. Techn.,
Deterration is a Removal of the Earth, Sand, &c., from the
Mountains and higher Grounds down into the Valleys and
Lower Parts: This is occasioned by Rains.
Deterred, pa. t. and’pa. pple. of DETER 2.
Deterrement, obs. form of DETERMENT.
Deterrence (diteréns). [f.next: sce -ENcE.]
Deterring or preventing by fear.
1861 T. B. L. Baker in War with Crime (1889) 124 That
punishment is to be preferred which combines the greatest
deterrence with the least pain. 1875 Poste Gaius 1. Intr.
(ed. 2)8 The deterrence of future wrongdoers by. . punishment
of a past offender. 1884 F, Peek in Contemp. Kev. July 77
The main objects of imprisonment should .. deterrence
from crime and the reformation of offenders.
Deterrent (dite‘rént), a. and sé. [ad. L. a-
terrént-em, pr. pple. of déterrére to DETER: see
-ENT.]
A. adj. Deterring; that deters, or has the power
or tendency to deter.
1829 Bentham's Ration, Punishments (L.), The deterrent
effect of such penalties, 1861 W. L. Cray Mem, F. Clay
210 The influence of a deterrent policy is the greatest on
professional criminals. 1884 7¥es 16 Oct. 10 The influence
of favourable or deterrent weather.
B. sd. Something that deters ; a deterring agent.
1829 Bentham's Ration, Punishments (L.), No deterrent is
more effective than a punishment which .. is sure, speedy,
and severe. 1829 Soutuey in Q. Rev. XLI. 196 Operating
as a provocative to many—as a deterrent, perhaps, to none.
1855 H. Srencer Princ. Psychol. I. u. ix. (1872) 281 Feel-
ings that serve as incentives and deterrents. 1892 Speaker
3 Sept. 277/1 The death penalty is no deterrent of adventure,
nor even of pastime.
Deterring (d/tsrin), vd/. sd. [f. Dever v1 +
-1nG1,] The action of hindering through fear.
1642 in Clarendon //ist. Xeb.1v. (1843) 161 /2 The deterring
of others from discharging their duties. 1648 W. Moun-
The carrying |
TAGUE Devout Ess. 1. x. §1(R.) The deterrings and dis- |
abuses appeare together with the delectations.
Dete‘rring, #//. a. [f. as prec. + -ING%.]
That deters; that keeps off through fear.
1638 Sik 1. Hersert 7rav. (ed. 2) 323 A new deterring
name, of Kill abundance. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist, (1862)
I. ii. 10 The internal parts of the country are still more
desolate and deterring. 1872 Gro. Extor Middlem. \xxiii.
188 Their highest qualities can only cast a deterring shadow
over the objects,
+ Dete'rse, v. Obs. rare. [f. L. déters-, ppl.
stem of délergere.] By-form of DetERGE.
1684 tr. Bonet's Merc. Compit. 11. 84 The matter being
thus incided, detersed and attenuated..may more easily be
carried off. —
Detersion (dit5sfsn). [a. F. dtersion (Paré
16th c.) or ad. L, détersion-em, n. of action from
détergére to Deterce.] ‘The action of cleansing
(a sore or the like).
1607 Torseit Four-/. Beasts (1658) 22 The substance of it
is fitter for detersion then nutriment. 1684 tr. Bonet's Merc.
Compit. 1. 13 A Gargarism of Hydromel used often is good
for Detersion, 1775 Sir E. Barry Observ. Wines 294 Leave
to others the active parts of the perfusions, detersions, etc.
Detersive (diisusiv), a.and sb. [a. F. détersif,
-tve (1545 in Hatzf.), ad, medical L. déersiv-us,
f, déters-, ppl. stem of déergére: see prec, and
A alt
sige ad},
1. Having the quality of cleansing or scouring ;
tending to cleanse,
1601 HoLtanp P/iny II. 37 The same pouder is detersiue
and scouring, and therefore put into sope and washing-balls.
1756 P. Browne Yamaica 226 The fi of the tree is of
a very detersive character, and frequently used to scour and
whiten the floors. 1835 F. Manoney Rel, Father Prout
(1859) 509 The recording angel. .no doubt moored, a deter-
Sive tear on an oath the decided offspring of monomania.
1886 Pall Mall G. pA Aug. 3/2 Without experience of the
ve inf
4 soap.
2. Med. and Surg. Having power to cleanse or
~ purge the body, or to remove corrupt matter from
a sore ; ae:
1586 Bricut Melanch. xii. 276 No detersive medicine is
able to pare and wipe away the blemish, 1704 J. Harris
Lex. Techn., Detersive Medicines, are such as are to
cleanse the org By sluggish, viscous, and glutinous
Humours, 1782 W. F, Martyn Geog. Mag. 1. 734 Laying
272
the wound, and ing a detersive plaister, 1818
SOOPER & ‘TRAVERS nd sont ‘ss. 1. (ed. 3167 Stimulant deter-
sive applications which have been made to the part.
B. sé. A cleansing agent: in the general and
medical senses.
T. Jounson Parey's Chirurg. xxvi. xiv. (1678) 638
Neither. .with a painful and drie of doth any Ge §3
oy gr detersiveagree. 1665G. Harvey Adv. agst. Plague
26 A Dysent is stopt by a Detersive mixt with a Nar-
cotick. 1756 P. Browne Pamaica 199 The tage is a warm
pungent detersive. 1843 Blackw. Mag. LIII. 228 Serving
as detersives of the h rs of ¢ ial life,
DETESTED.
1 What saist thou, fole destestable? 1g26 Pilgr. Perf.
W. de 'W. x530) wenmuapien rane caeeee
detestable & ull, 1548-9 Rave Bk. Com. Prayer,
om: ‘The bishop of Rome his detestable enormities.
So sHAKS. 77t. A. Vv. i. 94 Oh detestable villaine ! Call'st
that Trimming? 1590 Spenser ¥. Q. 1. i. 26 That
detestable sight. 1702 Penn in Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem. 1X.
132 Busy at that d ble work, pri ing. 1771 Funius
ett. xlix, 256 That detestable transaction .. enced in the
death of Mr. Yorke. 1851 Ruskin Stones Ven, (1874) 1.
The d bh ion of the Alham
App. e or
1860 ‘T'ynpALt Glac, 1. xii. 89 Along edges of detestable
1862 S. Lucas Secularia 114 note, Bristol was celebrated for
its soap .. Ric! of izes refers in his history to its
facture of this fe detersive.
Hence Dete*rsively adv., Dete'rsiveness.
1727 Baitey vol, II, Detersiveness, cleansing Quality. [Also
1775 in Asx]. 1742 Battey, Detersively, cleansingly. [Also
1 in WessTER, etc.] . *
+ , a and sb. Obs. rare. ([f. L.
déters-: see prec. +-ORY.] = DETERSIVE a. and sd.
g ice,
2. quasi-adv. Detestably.
1610 //istrio-m. 1. 108 O detestable good !
Dete'stableness. [f. prec. + -nEss.] The
quality of being detestable; extreme hatefulness
or odiousness.
1612 T. Taytor Comm. Titus ii. 11 Oh these sinnes cannot
be brooked for the foulenesse and detestablenesse of them.
1681 H. More £.xf. Dan. Pref. 80 To instruct the
hing the Solidity of our Reformed Religion and of t
1657 Tomiinson Kenou's Disp. 97 From the ¢ istion of
these two will proceed one moderate detersory.
Detest (dite’st), v. [a. F. déteste-r (Villon,
15th c.), ad. L. détestare (-ari) to execrate while
calling God to witness, to denounce, abhor, re-
nounce, f. De- I. 1, down + /es¢dri to bear witness,
call to witness. ]
+1. trans. To curse, calling God to witness; to
express abhorrence of, denounce, execrate. Ods.
3533-4 Act 25 //en. V/II,c. 12 The saide mariage..was
ae nibited and detested by the lawes of almighty god. 1536
3ELLENDEN Cron, Scot, (1821) I. 62 He..began, be lan,
orisone, to detest the insolence, avarice and s hataiel
hatrent of the kingis sonnis. 3-87 Foxe A. & M. (1684)
I. 733/2 All that were about him being amazed, utterly
detested the fact. 1627 HakewiLt Afol. u. vii. § 5 ‘The
fearefull inhabitants of Putyole flying through the dark ..
crying out and detesting their Calamities. 1632 Le Grvys
tr. Velleius Paterc. 254 All posteritie shall..with execra-
tions detest thy fact. 1653 Cocan tr. Pinto's Trav.
xxxvil. 147 We did not a little detest amongst ourselves
both the Fonsecas and the Madureyras, but much more the
Devil, that wrought us this mischief. a@1745 Swirr Hen. J
Wks. 1768 1V. 275 With bitter words, detesting the pride
and insolence of Henry, :
2. To feel abhorrence of; to hate or dislike
intensely ; to abhor, abominate.
@ 1535 More Ws. 422(R.), I finde in Erasmus my derlyng
y* he detesteth and abhorreth the errours and heresies that
‘Tyndall plainly teacheth. 1§35 Stewart Cron, Scot. 1,
528 To caus all man for to detaist sic thing. 1550 CRowLEY
Last Trump. 1292 A vile slaue that doth all honestie
deteste. 1579 Lyty Euphues(Arb.) 111 Learn. .of Diogenes
to detest women, be they neuer so comely. 1601 SHaks.
Twel. N. 1. v. 220 A colour she abhorres, and..a fashion
shee detests. 1638 Sir T. Hersert 7 raz’. (ed. 2) 240 His
owne pallat detested them. 1 Burke Corr. (1844) IIL.
391 My party principles. .must lead me to detest the French
revolution, in the act, in the spirit, in the consequences, and
most of all, in the example. 1833
/yne vii. 130, I detest the very name.
a man whom she detests !
b. with fin. or clause. rare.
@1§53 Puitror Wks. (1842) 410 Why dost thou so much
detest to grant that we obtain the divine justice through
faith, 1647 G. Patmer Sectaries Unm, 52, 1 detest to
think of it. 1655 Futter CA. //ist. 1x. vi. $51 The Justice
Mod, To marry
| of the Land detesteth that the Judge should himself be an
Accuser.
+3. To renounce solemnly or under oath; to
abjure. Obs. rare.
1688 Answ, Talon's Plea 23 They openly detested their
faults either by themselves or by their Ambassadours.
4] Misused for attest, protest, testify.
1562 Puarr 2neid. vi. Y iijb, He shewd also the sacrid
groue of Argilethus heath, Detesting in that place where
Greekish gest was done to death. 1 Suaxs. Merry IW.
1. iv. 160 But (I detest) an honest maid as euer broke bread.
1606 Sir G. Spemrgs <a ii. in Bullen O. PZ, IIL. 17, I detest,
Sir Cutt, I did not thinke he had bin halfe the. .scholler he is,
Hence Dete'sting vd/, sb. and pfi. a.
1sgt Percivaut SP. Dict., Abominacion, detesting, a 162a
Aryswortu Annot. Ps. lxix. 25 Powre out upon them thy
detesting ire. 1625 Br. Mountacu Aff. Casar 57 In their
Abhorring and Detesting of it. 1711 Suarress. C .
(1737) ILL. v1. iii. 366 Virtue wou'd. . be seen with this Hand,
turn'd..downwards .. as in a detesting manner, and with
, 5b. Obs. rare.
abhorrence.
[f. prec. vb.] De-
testation, hearty hatred.
1638 R. Baie Lett. § a (1841) I. 74 With the in-
crease of detest of the authors. 1671 7rue Nonconf. 33
One cause, sufficient to produce a just detest.
Detestabi'lity. [f. next: see -1y. In med,
L, détestabilitas (Du Cange).] The quality of being
detestable ; detestableness. :
183 Cartvie Sart, Res. u. iv, As youn;
mankind precisely the most delightful in those years..so
Sine "sate Beownuee Sacer g: Ab ou. apep Uivwy fete
nlity., ROWNING a . . +
Both teach, both learn detestability ! gs
Detestable (dite'stib'l), a. [a. F. détestable
(1380 in Hatzf.), ad. L, détestabilts, f. détestari:
see -BLE. Originally detesta‘d/e; in Spenser and
Shaks, detestable.) °
1. To be detested ; intensely hateful or odious ;
execrable, abominable.
ladies are to
146 Liber Pluscardensis x1, viii. (1877) I. 387 To mak ws
till oure Makare detestabile, ¢ 1477 Caxton 5 Bre 75 The
terrible dragon cast upon me a of the most detestable
infeecion that euer was. ¢
Hr. Martineau 7ale of
— Sonnes of Aymon xiv.
,—
Detestubleness of Popery. a 1729 CLarke Serm. L. xl.(R.),
The unfi ond shoud bios and d bl and
fi of @hy uncl or impurity ing. in the
Temple of God. 1883 H. Kennepy tr. Ven Brink's E. Eng.
Lit. 280 Now the theme is the b , the di bl
of this earthly world.
Dete'stably, adv. [f.as prec. + -Ly*.] In
a detestable manner ; execrably, abominably.
_ Act 23 Hen. VIII, c. 3 Periurie is .. detestably
vsed to the disheritaunce and great damage of many. 1593
Nasue Christ's 7. (1613) 14 It would sauour so detestably
in Gods nostrils, hee were neuer able to endure it. a ad
Soutu (J.), A temper of mind rendering men so detestably
bad, that [etc.]. 1863 Geo. Exiot Xomola 111. 61 God grant
you are mad ! else you are detestably wicked !
+ Dete’stant, a. and sb. Obs. [f. Derest v.
after F. détestant, L. détestant-em pr. pple.: see
-ANT.]
A. adj. Detesting, full of detestation. *
1650 W. Broucu Sacr. Princ. (1659) 16 He that is detes-
tant of the corruption.
B. sé. One who detests; a detester.
1648 T. Hitt Truth & Love Ep. Ded., He is a Detestant
of divers Opinions of Rome. a 1670 Hacker Adp, Williams
1. (1692) 121 (D.) Detestants of the Romish idolatry.
+ estate, v. Obs. rare. [f. L. détestat-,
ppl. stem of détestdre (-ar7) to DETEST ; see -ATE 3
5.) By-form of Derest v,
1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par, Fohn Pref. 6a, This worlde,
whiche as a mortall enemy the doctrine of the Ghospel
dooeth detestate and abhorre. 1 State Trials, Col. F.
Lilburne (R.), Well therefore might the lord president ..
detestate star-chamber examinations, 7
Detestation (ditesté'fan). [a. F. détestation
(14th c. in Godef. Suppl.), ad. L. détestation-em,
n. of action from détestari to DetEst.]
+1. Public or formal execration (of a thing);
formal testifying against anything. Ods.
1432-50 tr. // 4 Rolls) I. 285 For the detestacion of
that dede, the Frenche men made a statute that noo woman
after here scholde reioyce the realme of Fraunce.
Swinsurne Jestaments 274 In these cases the testament is
void, in detestation of such odious, shiftes and oe.
a 1633 Austin Medit. (1635) 216 St. Paul rent his Garments
in detestation of it. 1658 T. Watt Charac. Enemies Ch,
(1659) 50 ‘The unreasonable creature .. in detestation of the
sinner whom it serves, is le obnoxious to temporal
punishment. 1683 Brit, Spec, 108 Spee gm by his rough
Oratory in detestation of itude the Roman Yoke,
havin; ae
2. fT e spy ed mental state of detesting; in-
tense dislike or hatred; abhorrence, loathing.
1526 ier. Perf. = de W. 15 A 5s ny the great —
tacyon & uttermost despysyn: all the transitory goodes
a vot this worlde. 1553 T. Woson Rhet. 40 Induce theim
to the feare of God, utter detestation of al synne, 1660
R. Coxe Yustice Vind. Pref. 15, 1 did in detestation of the
thing. .set myself to ¢ these observations upon it. 1688
in Gutch Codd. Cur, 1. 436 Something. . which he had. .some-
— call’'d a Peer vg - ime an, Abhorrence, a
estation of t . of Orange’s proceedings. 1779-8
Jounson L. P., Rowe Wks. III. 30 The fashion. .of the time
was, to accumulate upon Lewis all that can raise horrour and
detestation, 1834 MAcautay /ss., Pitt (1854) 296 The object
of the Duchess of Marlborough’s fiercest detestation.
owett Plato (ed. 2) ILI, 189 His detestation of priests
wyers. 7
b. Zo hold or have in detestation : to a
with hatred or abhorrence, to abominate. 70 be in
detestation: tobe held in reg fey bey be opeyewe
FieminG Panopl, Epist. 65, 1 have the state these
ane in great detestation, iti. 1 ao ~ hae
truth .. in contempt, disdai e, letestation.
iéoy Rowianns Famous Hist. 46 Let God and man hold
me in detestation. 1777 Ronertson /ist. Amer. (1778) 1.1.
6 They held all sea-faring pet in detestation, 1847
Marayat Childr, N. Forest xii, One who is joined to a party
which I hold in detestation. — .
3. concr. That which is detested; the object of
intense dislike.
1728 Swirt Mullinix & Tine, Thou art grown the de-
testation of all thy party. . Jerrerson Writ, (1859)
IIL. 343 This .. business is ing more and more the
public detestation. 1849 C. Bronte Shirley i. 10 As if he
were the darling of the neighbourhood .. being, as he is, its
Dete'sted, ///. a. [f. Derest v. + -ED.] In-
tensely disliked or hated; abominated; held in
abhorrence; odious.
1552 Huoer, Detested, abominatus, 1588 Suaxs. L. LZ. LZ.
DETESTER.
1v. i, 31 Guiltie of detested crimes. 1634 Sir T, Hersert
Trav. 73 With such heathenish and detested Oratory. 1
Cowrer //iad vt. 438 Both Paris and my most detested self.
1805 Sourney Madoc in Ast, xx, Let a curse.. For ever
follow the detested name. : :
Hence Dete'stedly adv., with detestation.
1836 E. Howarp 2. Reefer xxxiii, Who viewed the West
India station. .detestedly.
Dete‘ster. [f. as prec. + -rr!.] One who de-
tests; a cordial hater ; an abhorrer, abominator.
161x Cotcr., Adhorrant, an abhorrer, detester, loather.
1651 Futter Adel Rediv. (1867) 1. 99 A detester of con-
troversies. 1779 SHERIDAN Critic 1. ii, A detester of visible
brickwork, Yes SALA _—. Dangerous I, ix. 254 Known
as stanch detesters of the House o
Dete'stful, 2. rare.
+-FuL.] Hateful, odious.
1654 CoKAINE Dianea u. 116 Thou hast tormented them
with a Ghost, with a Phantasme so noyous, so detestfull.
+ Detestine, + Detestiue, a. Sc. Ods. [irreg.
f, Derest v.] Detestable.
1560 Rottanp Crt. Venus u. 975 But bad me sone pas
hine Vnto the nine nobillis of excellence, Quhair I gat not
be ansueir detestine. /dzd. 111. 369 The law positiue It did
suspend, and haldis as detestiue.
+ Dete xt, pf/. a. Obs—° [In form, ad, L. dé-
textus, pa. pple. of détextre to weave off, finish
weaving ; but with the prefix taken as De- I. 6.]
1623 CockERAM, Defect, vnwouen.
Deteyn(e, -nour, obs. ff. Derain, DETAINER.
~ Detful(1, obs. form of DEBrrut.
Deth(e, obs. form of DEATH sd.; also of DEATH
a. and v.=deaf.
Detheorize: see Dr- II. 1.
Dethronable (diprawnab’l), a.
-ABLE.] Liable to be dethroned.
1644 Br. Maxwett Prervog. Chr. Kings Introd. 3, Kings
are .. censurable, punishable, and dethronable, /ézd. i. 11
They are deposab e and dethronable by the people.
Dethrone (dépravn), v. [f. De- II. 2 +
Turone: cf. F. détréner, in 16th c. detroner (Littré),
Cotgr. desthroner ‘to disthronize’; cf. also Dis-
THRONE, DISTHRONIZE.] .
trans. To remove from the throne ; to deprive of
royal or sovereign authority and dignity ; to depose
(a ruling prince).
1609 Br. W. Bartow Answ. Nameless Cath. 153 Authoritie
to de-Throan and de-Crowne Princes. @ 1649 Drumm. oF
Hawtn, Poems. Wks. (1711) 15 Then let them do their worst,
since thou art gone! Raise whom they list to thrones, en-
thron’d dethrone. 1790 BurkKE F7. Rev. 43 The question of
dethroning, or, if these gentlemen like the phrase better,
*cashiering’, kings. 1839 THIRLWALL Greece VI, 12t That
Artaxerxes whom Cyrus attempted to dethrone.
b. transf. and fig.
1648 BoyLe Seraph. Love vi. (1700) i chase by dethroning
Reason .. doth kill the Man, 1761 Hume Hist. Eng. 111.
Ixi. 319 The republicans being dethroned by Cromwell.
1879 Farrar St, Pandl (1883) 604 Dethrone the sin that
would rule over your frail nature.
Hence Dethro’ned ppl. @., Dethro‘ning v7. sb.
1648 Prynne Speech in Parlt. 4 Dec. (x64) 5 By
a speedy publique dethroning and decolling of the King ..
as the Army-Remonstrants advise. 1705 J. Puitirs Blen-
heim (R.), His dethron’d compeers.
Hanover.
[f. Derxsr v. (or ? 5d.)
[f next +
n Ee Bot CoLeRIncE.
Friend (1865) 136 Compensations for dethroned princes.
1892 Atheneum 27 Aug. 299/t The story .. is that Nero’s
wife Poppza .. is the head of a plot for her husband’s
dethroning and slaughter,
Dethronement (diprdvnmént). [f. prec. vb.
+ -MENT: cf. mod.F, détrénement.] The action
of dethroning, or fact of being dethroned ; deposi-
tion from kingly apes |
1707 Lond. Gaz. No. 4365/1 The News. .of the Dethrone-
ment of the Grand Signior, 1820 Keats Hyferion 1. 315
In midst of this dethronement horrible. 1849 H. RocErs
Ess. (1860) III. 179 The boasted prerogative of Reason is
alsg that of a limited monarch; and its attempt to make
itself absolute can only end in its own dethronement. 1852
Grote Greece 11. Ixxvi. X. 66 The frequent dethronements
and assassinations of Kings.
Dethroner (d?prdvnaz). [f. DrTHRonE+-ER1 J
One who dethrones (a king, etc.).
1649 Arnway Tad/et (1661) 176 (T.) The hand of our de-
throners..hath prevailed. 1817 Soutney uz, Song Princess
Charlotte, Passive as that humble spirit, Lies his bold de-
throner too. 1833 Mrs, Browninc Prometh. Bound Poems
1850 I, 186 The name of his dethroner who shall come.
+ Dethroni‘ze, v. Obs. rare, [See DEvtHRONE
and -1zk, and cf, DistHRoNn1zE.] = DETHRone.
Hence + Dethroniza‘tion = DETHRONEMENT.
1611 Sreep Hist. Gt. Brit, 1x. xi. (1632) 682 The Queene
.-aduertised of her husbands dethronization. 1656 S. Hot-
LAND Zara (1719) 66 We are in daily danger of dethronizing
by the malevolent combinations of Cursed spirits. 169
Woop Ath. Oxon. (R.), To eae the king. .to consent to
the 4 votes of dethronizing him. :
Detie, obs. form of Dirry,
Detinue (de'tiniz). Zaw. Also 5 detenewe,
detunue, -now, detynu(e, 7 detinu (detiny).
[a. OF. detenue (1313, Godef.) detention, (:— Rom.
type *déteniita) f. pa. pple. of detenir to detain.]
The act of detaining or withholding what is
due (see DETAIN v. 2) ; spec. unlawful detention of
a personal chattel belonging to another. Ods. exc,
as in b.
1 in Foxe A, § M. (1596) 348/1 Philip de Valous ..
Vou. Ii,
278
we haue gently requested you .. to that intent you should
haue rendered unto us our lawfull right and inheritance to
the Crowne of Fraunce, which from us..you haue by great
wrong and force deteined .. we well perceiue you meane to
perseuere in the same your purpose and iniurious detinue.
1598 Kitcuin Courts Leet (1675) 148 Detinue of Goods may
besued. 16.. ‘I. Apams Wes, (1861-2) I. 145 (D.) ‘There are
that will restore some, but not all. .let the creditors be con-
tent with one of four, But this little detiny is great iniquity.
1643 PryNNE Sov. Power Parl. 11. 46‘[citing Act 11 Rich.
iI c. i] Taking, leading away, or detinue of any horses or
of any other beasts, 1727-5x CuamBers Cyc, s. v., The
damages sustained by the detinue.
b. Action of detinue: an action at law to recover
a personal chattel (or its value) wrongfully detained
by the defendant. So writ of detinue.
7 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 376 Acciouns of dette, trespass
and detenewe. 1514 FirzHers. Yust. Peas (1538) 123 Every
man maye sue for the same by accion of detinue. 1602
FuLpeckeE 2nd Pt. Paral. 20 One of the parties may haue
an action of dette for the money, and the other a writte of
Detinue for the wares. 1677 WycnerLey Plain Dealer m1.
(Routl.) 123/2 I'll bring my action of detinue or trover.
1768 Biacxstone Com, III, 151 If I lend a man a horse,
and he afterwards refuses to restore it..the regular method
for me to recover possession is by action of detinue. 1845
Lp. Camppect Chancellors (1857) VI.cxxviii. 143 The remedy
was at law by an action of trover or detinue.
e. Also detinwe = action or writ of detinue.
@ 1626 Bacon Max. & Uses Com, Law iii. (1636) 20 In
adetinue brought bya feme against the executors of her
husband. _ 1803 J. Marsuart Const, Opin. i. (1839) 21 The
judgment in detinue is for the thing itself or its value. 1875
Poste Gaius 1v. Comm, (ed. 2) 650 Trover and Detinue,
which were brought to recover movable property .. were
kinds of Tres pass, that is of action on delict.
+ Detithonize, v. Os. [f. De- II. 1 +
TitHon-Ic (f. Gr, T:davds, the spouse of Eos or
Aurora) + -1ZE.] “vans. To deprive (light) of
actinic or chemical power.
1843 Mech. Mag. XXXIX. 170 As if the light, being
detithonized in passing through the larger mass, lost its
energy in producing chemical action.
+ Deto‘mh, v. 00s. nonce-wd. [f. DE- II. 2b
+ Toms sb.) ¢rans. To deliver from the tomb.
1607 Sir R. Ayton Pref Verses in Earl of Stirling's
Monarch. Trag., Crownes, throwne from Thrones ta
Tombes, detomb’d arise ‘I’o match thy Muse with a Monar-
chicke theame.
Detonable (deténab’l), a. [f. L. détonare
(see next) +-BLE.] Capable of detonation.
1884 E1sster Mod. High Explosives iii. 68 These grades
of dynamite are only rendered detonable by the admixture
of explosive salts.
Detonate (de'ténéit, dz-), v. [f. L. détonat-,
ppl. stem of détondre to thunder down or forth (f.
E- I. 1, 2+/¢ondre to thunder), after F. détoner
(1680 in Hatz.-Darm.) in the modern sense.]
1. intr. To produce a loud noise by the sudden
liberation of gas in connexion with chemical de-
composition or combination; to explode with
sudden loud report (as when heated or struck).
1729 SHELVOCKE Artillery 11. 89 Saltpeter..detonates, or
makes a Noise in the Fire. 91807 ‘I, THomson Chew. (ed.
3) Il. 140 Hydrogen gas and nitrous oxide gas detonate
violently..when a strong red heat is applied, or when the
electric spark is made to pass through the mixture. 1859
R. F. Burton Centr. Afr. in Frnl. Geog. Soc. XXIX. 78
Metals are ever rusty ;. .percussion caps, .will not detonate ;
gunpowder. .refuses to ignite. 1864 H. Spencer Biol. I. 8
lodide of nitrogen detonates on the slightest touch.
b. fig. To give vent to sudden anger or other
violent feeling; to ‘explode’. (Also ¢rams.).
1836 Blackw. Mag. XX XIX. 309 He..is notoriously
choleric, and detonates upon the shhen nearest to him like
one of his own chlorides. 1859 Chamd. Frnl. XI. 258 It
seemed to me that it would be quite a natural conclusion..
that Blodger should detonate : ‘Committed as a rogue’.
ec. To make a thundering noise, to ‘thunder’.
rare.
1853 Miss E. S. Suerrarp Ch. Auchester III. 190 The
drum detonated and was still. i
2. trans. To cause to explode with sudden loud
report, in the act of chemical decomposition or
combination.
1801 Phil. Trans. XCI. 378 By detonating sulphuret of
antimony and nitrate of potash, in a crucible, he obtained
a mass, which [etc.]. 1808 Henry 7b7d. XCVIII. 290 Deto-
nate the mixture, and observe the amount of the diminution
after the explosion. 1880 Daily News 27 Mar. 5/4 The
destruction of the reef known as Hell Gate, in East River
New York, when something like 49,915 Ib. [of dynamite] was
detonated atonce. 1890 Noste in Nature 18 Sept., One..
cause which has made gunpowder so successful an agent for
the Pahoa of the artillerist is that it is a mixture, not
a definite chemical combination ; that it is not possible to
detonate it.
+3. To convert (a flint gun) into a ‘detonator’,
Obs. nonce-use.
1824 CoL. P, HAwKER Justr. Y. Sportsm. 69, I have since
had a double gun detonated to my order.
Detonating (de'téneitin), 247. a. [f. prec. +
-InG2.] That detonates. my rat explodes with
sudden loud report, explosive, as detonating gas;
b. That causes, or is used in producing, detonation,
as detonating primer, tube; c. esp. That explodes
by a blow, or is used in explosion by percussion,
as detonating hammer,
Detonating ball, a toy ball filled with a parent |
powder, pighoding on percussion ; detonating bulb, the sma
DETONSURE.
glass bulb also called Prince Rupert's drop, which flies to
pieces on aslight scratch; detonating gun, a fire-arm which
is fired by means of a detonating agent (as a percussion-cap)
instead of by the application of a match or spark.
1808 Henry £ fit, Chem. (ed. 5) 131 By firing it in a detona-
ting tube over mercury. /é/d. 224 A new detonating com-
pound of silver, 1814 Anz. Reg. 324 These detonating-balls
were calculated to effect abundant mischief. 1817 Sporting
Mag. L. 257, I got from Joseph Manton a detonating gun.
1824 Con. P. Hawker /ustr. VY. Sportsm. 67 Yo fire with
detonating powder, the gun requires to be much stronger
than that used for a flint. 1840 Biaine Encyc?. Sports (1870)
752 The Percussion or Detonating System of Gun Firing.
1856 Engineer 428/2 (heading) Detonating Arms. /did.,
A cap containing detonating powder, covered by a prepara-
tion of shellac. 1869 Echo g Oct., ‘It is dangerous to play
with edged’, and still more with detonating ‘tools’. 1879
Lockyer Elem. A stron. iii. 138 At times meteors. .are heard
to explode with great noise; these are called detonating
meteors, s .
Detonation (detdnz'-fon, diz-). [a. F. déétona-
zion, noise of explosion, n. of action from détoner to
DeronatE.] The action of detonating.
1. Chem. ‘The noise accompanying the sudden
decomposition or combination of substances, and
due to the concussion of the air resulting from the
sudden production of a large quantity of gas’
(Watts Dict. Chem.); hence, explosion accom-
panied with a sudden loud report.
1677-86 W. Harris Lemery’s Chyme, (ed. 2) 41 Detonation
is a noise that is made when the Volatile parts of any mix-
ture do rush forth with impetuosity : it is also called Fulmina-
tion. 1686 PLot Staffordsh. 55 Common Niter in its de-
tonation or alcalisation with coales, acquires a green colour,
1704 J. Harris Lex. Techu., Detonation is a Chymical
word expressing the ‘Thundring Noise that is often made by
a mixture being enkindled in the containing Vessel. 1800
tr. Lagrange's Chen. 1. 107 This experiment is dangerous,
as it is often accompanied with violent detonations. 1864
Spencer Biol. I, 8 Percussion produces detonation in sul-
phide of nitrogen. .
. ger. A loud noise as of thunder; a violent
explosive report, e.g. in a volcanic erupfion.
1830 LyeLt Princ. Geol. (1875) II. 1. xxvi. 28 The great
Crate¥ .. testified by its loud detonations [etc.]. 1834 Mrs.
SoMERVILLE Connex. Phys. Sc. xxvi. (1849) 283 The detona-
tions [from the eruption in Sumbawa 1815] were heard in
Sumatra. 1869 Puitiirs Veswe. iv. 112 After each detona-
tion globes of white vapour were formed. 1875 Wonders
Phys. World u. ii, 201 They attribute the movements and
detonations to the expansion of the ice.
b. The action of causing a substance to detonate,
1727-51 CuamBers Cycl., Detonation denotes the. .opera-
tion, of expelling the impure, volatile, and sulphureous part,
out of antimony. 1758 Elaboratory laid Open Introd. 58
The chemists have called the operation, detonation, or
deflagration. 1827 Farapay Chem. Manip. xvii. 433 A tube
for detonation.
3. fig. A sudden utterance or expression of anger
or other violent feeling ; an ‘explosion’.
1878 Browninc La Sa?siaz 79 As Rousseau, then eloquent,
as Byron prime in poet’s power,—Detonations, fulgurations,
smiles. 1882 StrEvENSON New Arad, Nts. (1884) 296 Detona-
tions of temper were not unfrequent. 189 RosEBery //¢t
xi. 179 It was impossible for Pitt after his detonations and
activity of the autumn to prevent the agitation of the
Catholic Question.
Detonative (de'tone'tiv), a [f. L. détonat-,
ppl. stem of détondre to DETONATE + -IVE.] Having
the property of detonating ; of the nature of a de-
tonation.
1875 C. F. Cuanpier in Eissler Mod. High Explosives
(1884) iii. 69 When the gunpowder is exploded by nitro-
glycerine, its explosion becomes instantaneous; it becomes
detonative; it occurs at a much higher temperature, 1888
Evening Standard 11 Feb. 4/4 ‘The water which runs
through the factory is highly detonative.
Detonator (de‘ténéziter). [Agent-noun, in L.
form, f. défondre to DETONATE: see -OR.] Some-
thing that detonates ; a contrivance for producing
detonation, as a percussion-cap; a railway fog-
signal. ‘spec. A detonating gun (0ds.): see
DETONATING.
1822 Sforting Mag. 1X. 156 Somewhat of a contrast this,
to our expensive detonators, 1825 Cot. P. Hawker Diary
(1893) I. 283 An old flint gun which put me out, after the
detonators. 1845 Forp Handdk, Spain i. 104 Bringing his
own double barrel detonator with a good supply of caps and
cut wadding. ay Tynvatt Fragm. Sc. (1879) I. x. 319 By
the ignition of a fuse associated with a detonator, the gun-
cotton should be fired. 1887 Pal/ Mal/G. 10 Jan. 6/1 When
the signal is placed on the railway plate the ends of the
band are drawn out and bent under the surface of the rail,
upon which the detonator (as the fog signal is also called)
then restssecurely. __
+ Detornd, v. Ods. rave—°. [ad. L. détondé-re,
f. DE- I. 2 + condére to clip] trans. To shave, poll,
1623 CockeraM, Detonded, poled.
+ De'tonize, v. Obs. [f. F. détoner to detonate
+ -IZE.] =DETONATE (¢rans. and intr.). Hence
+ Detonization = DETONATION.
1731 S. Hate Stat. Ess, 1. 277 The fumes of detonized
nitre. 1804 tr. Fourcroy (Webster 1828), This precipitate. .
detonizes with a considerable noise. 1828 WepsTER, De-
tonization, the act of exploding, as certain combustible
bodies.
Detonsure. vonce-wd. [f. L. détons-, ppl. stem
of détondére: see DETOND and -URE.] Shaving,
polling. (affected or humorous.)
1819 Blackw. Mag. V. 639 That able-bodied barber ..
insisting upon the immediate detonsure of you, 35* .
DETORT.
Detorsion, var. of DeToRrTION.
+ Detort (dit 3t), v. Obs. [f. L. détort-, ppl.
stem of dztorguére to twist or turn aside, twist or
turn out of shape, distort, f’ Dr- I. 2 + forguére to
twist. Cf. F. détordre.]
1. trans. To turn aside from the purpose; to
twist, wrest, pervert (esf. words or sayings).
(Common in 17th c.)
¢ 1855 Harpsrietp Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 54 How
miserably doth Tertullian wrest and wring the Levitt: to
detort it to the confirmation of his heresy. Br. W.
Bartow Answ. Nameless Cath. 41 Schoolemen blasphem-
ously detorting Scriptures. 1620 Brinstey Virgil 39
Detorting to that purpose those things which Sibyl had
prophecied. 1632 Lirucow 77rav. 1. 1 And Lorets Chappell
.-On Angells backes, from Nazareth detorted. 1682 DrypEN
Relig. Laici Pref. (Globe) 187 The Fanatics. . have detorted
those texts of Scripture. 1829 Soutney Sir 7, More 1
87 In these days good words are so detorted from their
original and genuine meaning. |
6. To extract (by perversion of the sense).
a 1612 Donne Bradavaros (1644) 185 The Donatists. .racked
and detorted thus much from this place, That [etc.]. 1824
Soutney Bk. of Ch. (1841) 355 Conclusions as uncharitable
as ever were detorted from Scripture.
2. To derive by perversion of form; fa. ffle.
perverted, corrupted (of words).
— Campen Rem. 54 Garret, for Gerard, and Gerald :
see Everard, for from thence they are detorted, if we
beleeve Gesnerus. 1657 Tomtinson Renon’s Disp. 705
eer is wilde succe, whence its nomenclature is de-
torted.
Hence Deto'rted f//. a., Detorrting vé/. sd.
1ss0 Bare Afol. 129 Nowe wyll I shewe some of hys
detorted scriptures. 1579 Futke Heskins’ Parl. 306 by
miserable detorting of a worde or two. 1692 WAGSTAFFE
Vind. Carol, Introd. 2 Under the false detorted Names of
Law, Justice, and Honour of the Nation.
Detortion, -sion (ditj1fan). Now rare or
Obs. [n. of action f. L. détorguére, ppl. stem dé-
tort- and détors-: see Derort. Cf. OF. detorsion.]
+1. The action of ‘ detorting’; twisting, wrest-
ing, perversion of meaning. Ods.
1598 Ord. for Prayer in Liturg. Serv. Q. Eliz, (1847) 681
By a blasphemous application or rather detortion of that
excellent Scripture Unum necessarium, One thing is neces-
sary. 1652 GauLe Magastrom. 69 A depraving adultera-
tion, a sacrilegious detorsion. 1 Earsery tr. Burnet's
St, Dead 1. 135 A rash and bold Detorsion of the sacred
Scriptures,
2. In physical sense: Distortion. rare.
1853 KANE Grinnell Exped, (1856) 512 Refracted detortion
very great. 2
Detour, || détour (ditiivs, || detir), sd. [a.
mod.F. aéfour turning off, change of direction, in
OF. destor, -tour, orig. *destorn ; f. destorner now
détourner tum away, f. des-, L. dis- + tourner to
turn.] A turning or deviation from the direct
road ; a roundabout or circuitous way, course, or
proceeding. In 18th c. mostly fig., now usually /i¢.
1738 Warsurton Div. Legat. 1.63 After many Detours, Mr.
Bayle is at length brought to own [etc.]. 1780 H. WALPOLE
Let. to W. Mason 1 Nov., We are above détours. 1794
R. H. Lee in Washington's Writ. (1891) XII. 417 note,
Upon our guard against all the arts and détours of the
subtlest policy. 1807 Sir R. C. Hoare Tour in [reland 237,
I was amply recompensed for this detour, 1809 Scott Fam.
Lett. 14 June (1894) I. 137, I ought in conscience to have
made ten thousand pretty détours about all this. 1825 /bid.
22 Jan. II. 230 Perhaps they may make a détour in their
journey to see you. 1870 Lowet Study Wind, (1871) 242
Rayaing [words] .. sometimes .. have driven the most
straightforward of poets into an awkward défour. 1877
Brack Green Past. xliv. (1878) 357 To avoid these ruts we
made long detours. -
Hence Detour v. intr., to make a detour; to
turn aside from the direct way; to go round about.
es Tait's Mag. U1. 481. This has been a busy week ;
rambling and climbing, touring and detouring. 1837 New
Monthly Mag. LI. 192 We. .detoured again to the right.
Deto-xicate, v. nonce-wd. [f. De- Il. 1 + L.
toxic-um poison, after intoxicate.) trans. To de-
prive of | Spence qualities.
— Pall Mall G. No. 729. 2043/2 Defecated, detoxicated,
eodorized.
+ Detra‘ct, sd. Obs. rare. [ad. L. détractus
a taking away, f. détrahére: see Derract v.]
Protraction, delay: cf. Derract z. 6.
1563-87 Foxe A. § Jf. (1596) 353/1 Without delay and other
detract of time.
+ Detra:ct, pf/.a. Obs. [ad. L. détract-us, pa.
ple. of détrahére to draw off or away: see next.]
eciested: taken out.
c1420 Pallad. on Husb. xu. 171 The bonys Detracte of
Duracyne.
Detract (ditre kt), v. Also 6 Sc. detrack.
[f. L. détract- ppl. stem of détrahére to draw off or
away, take away, pull down, disparage, etc , f. Dr-
I. 2 + trahére to draw. Cf. F. détracter (1530 in
Hatz.-Darm.). In some senses app. directly repre-
senting L. détractare or détrectare, to Bichon, re-
fuse, pull down violently, depreciate, freq. of dé-
trahére.
_ (The chronological order of the senses in English is not that
of their original development ; sense 3 being the earliest.)]
: I. To take away, take from, take reputation
rom.
274
1. ¢vans. To take away, withdraw, subtract, de-
duct, abate: a. some part from (rarely + to) a
whole. (Now usually with a quantitative object,
as much, something, etc.)
1509 Barciay Shyf of Folys(1874) 1.17 Some time add;
Finn see tres a hi oan avout hingesas meth
me necessary and superflue, 1571 Dicces Pantom. 11. xxiii.
Pij b, Then 36 detracted from 48 leueth 12. 1591 Suaks.
1 Hen, VJ, v. iv. 142 Shall 1.. etract so much from that
be call’d but Viceroy? 1622 S. WARD
prerogatiue, As to
Christ is All in All (1627) 25 All defects detract nothing
to the happiness of him that [etc.]. 1677 Hate Prim.
Orig. Man... iv. 326 To which there can be nothing added,
nor detracted, without a blemish, a@ E. ScarsurGu
Buclid (1705) 207 Let the magnitude AB uimultiple of
CD, as the part detracted AE is of the part detracted CF,
1870 Disrar.t Lothair \xix, That first [oe grief which ..
detracts something from the buoyancy o} the youngest life,
+b. something from a apa eel etc. Obs.
1607 Schol. Disc. agst. Antichr. 1. ii. 97 They vilifie it and
detract much authoritie from it. 1 Grusse Tatler No.
13? 1 A Lady takes all you detract from the rest of her Sex
to be aGift to her. 1710 Pripeaux Orig. Tithes i. 17 We
rob him, whenever we detract from his Ministers any part of |.
that Maintenance.
2. absol. or intr. Totake awaya portion. Usually |
to detract from: to take away from, diminish, lessen
(a quality, value, authority, etc.).
a1592 H. Situ Wes. (1866-7) I. 65 To the testament of
him that is dead, no man addeth or detracteth. 1699 BuRNET
39 Art. vi. (1700) 2 ‘This may be urged to detract from its
Authority. 1 ‘OLEBROOKE in Life (1873) 446 The sight
.. detracted from the pleasure with whee the landscape
might be viewed. 1827 Jarman Powell's Devises 1. 101
These circumstances detract from the weight of the decision.
1863 D. G. Mrrcnett My Farm of Edgewood 47 This
alteration was of so old a date as not to detract from the
venerable air of the house.
b. Connoting depreciation : cf. 3 c.
1593 Hooxer Eccé. Pol. ut. viii. (161 1) 100 To detract from
the dignity thereof, were to iniury euen God himselfe. 1603
Knotes Hist. Turkes (1638) 212 Our late Historiographers
.. detracting from his worthy praises. 1765 BLacksTonNE
Comm. 1.5 Without detracting .. from the real merit which
abounds in the imperial law, I hope I may have leave to
assert [etc.]. 1882 B. D. W. Ramsay Recoll. Mil. Serv. 1.
viii. 172 There were always some ready to detract from his
fair fame. ;
+¢. quasi-¢rans. (in loose const.). Obs. rare.
1654 WuitLock Zootomia 452 In Revenge he would have |
Detracted, and lessen’d his Territories.
1785 JEFFERSON
Corr. Wks. 1859 1. 417 To detract, add to, or alter them as |
you please.
8. trans. To take away from the reputation or
estimation of, to disparage, depreciate, belittle,
traduce, speak evil of. Now rare.
©1449 Pecock ae 1v. i. 417 Thei bacbiten and detracten
the clergie. 1 sau Richt Vay 91 Lat wsz forgiff thayme
quhilk detrackis and spekis euil of wsz. 1603 B. Jonson
Seyanus 1. i, To..detract_ His greatest actions. 1618
30LT0N Florus wv. ii. 265 Cato .. detracted Pompey, and
found fault with his actions. 1632 Massincer & Fietp Fatal
Dowry 1. ii, Such as may Detract my actions and life here- |
after. 1890 [see Detractep below]. 1891 Sites Jasmin
vii. 93 Jasmin, like every person envied or perhaps detracted,
had his hours of depression.
+b. adsol. To speak
practise detraction. Oés.
1605 Br. Hart Medit. § Vows 1. § 7 So would there not
be so many open mouthes to detract and slaunder. 1610
Suaxs. Temp. u. ii, 96 To vtter foule speeches, and to
disparagingly ; to use or
detract. 1777 SHERIDAN Sch, Scand. Portrait, Adepts..who
rail by precept, and detract by rule.
+e. intr. with from (+ of).
c1590 Greene Fr. Bacon vii. 66 Dar'st thou detract and
derogate from him? 1609 Biste (Douay) Num. xiii. 33 They
detracted from the Land, which they had eval 1683
D. A. Art Converse 106 They detract generally of all Man-
kind,
+ II. To draw away, off, out:
+4. trans. To draw away or aside, withdraw,
divert (from an astion or undertaking) ; 7¢/. and
intr. To withdraw, refrain. Ods.
1548 Parren Exped. Scotd. in Arb. Garner Il, 110 My
Lord Marshal .. whom no danger detracted from doing his
enterprise. 1637 Gittesriz Eng. Pop. Cerem. Ep. C, There
are too many Professours who detract themselves from
undergoing lesser hazards for the Churches liberty. 1643
Suncssy Diary (2836) 104 Long experience hath taught
their General wisely to detract from fighting. 1802 //atred
I. arr [To] detract their attention from every thing foreign.
+ oe draw or pull off. Ods. rare.
1607 Torse.t Four-/. Beasts (1658) 486 The skins of sheep
..when the wool is detracted and pulled off from them.
+6. To draw out, lengthen in duration, protract,
delay ; usually in phr. 40 detract time. Obs.
1569 Sir J. Hawkins in Hawkins’ Voy. (878) 73 To de-
tract further time. 1579 CuuRCHYARD in Garner IV.
206 The French Horsemen .. offered a skirmish, to detract
time. 1604 Epmonps Odserv. Casar’s Comm. 59 To lin,
and detract the war. 1605 Play Stucley in Simpson Sch.
Shaks. (1878) 188 Some let or other to detract our haste.
1641 Life Wolsey in Select. Harl. Misc.(1793) 132, 1 would
not have you to detract the time, for he is very sick.
+b. adsol. or intr. To delay. Obs.
1584 Power Lloyd's Cambria 333 Willing the Prince to
come thither, and doo him homage, which when the Prince
detracted to doo, the king gathered an army to compell him
thereto. a1g9a GREENE ‘Socmes IV 1. i, My zeal and ruth
--Make me lament I did detract so long.
IIT. = Derrecr
+7. trans. To draw back from, decline, refuse,
shun; to give up, relinquish, abandon, Ods.
‘onah 634
akxLuyt Voy. (1810) III. 135 The winde comming faire,
the captaine and the master would by no means deteact the
fe: se of our discovery. 1606 HoLLanp Sueton.25 Neither
id he off, and detracted fight.
Hence Detra‘cted ffi. a. (see the various senses
above) ; also as sd. a calumniated
1552 Hutoet, Detracted, detractus, rosus, illatus.
1890 T. J. Duncan Social Departure 289 The detracted’s
follow him.
+ Detracta‘tion. Os. rare. [f. Derracr v.
+ -ATION: perhaps ad. L. détractatio or détrec-
tatio, from détractare, -trectare to decline, refuse,
also to detract from, depreciate, freqof dérahére.]
= DETRACTION 2.
x Foxe A. & M. (1596) 283/1, I cannot speake unto
u, but to your ictaatees by. Maine Ser®r. (1647)8
much Libell, or holy Detractation.
Detra‘ctatory, «. rare. [f. Dernact v., or
L. détractare : see prec. and -ory.] Of detracting
or disparaging nature or tendency,
1860 Chamb. Frnil. XIV. 251 It is harsh and detractatory
towards the author's equals and superiors.
Detracter, var. of Derracror.
Detracting (ditrektin), vd/. sb. [f. Derracr
v. + -ING!.] The action of the verb Derract,
q.v.; + protraction (ods.); + shunning, avoiding
obs.) ; disparagement, detraction.
1572 BosseweL. Armorie nu. 83b, Fabius ..so t
Prudence with .. prowesse, that by detracting of battayle,
and trayning Anniball from place to place, and .. skirmt:
ing with hym, he minished fies pui: e. 58x SAVILE
Tacitus’ Hist.1. i. (1591) 1 Detracting and envyous carp-
ing. 158x Stywarp Mart. Discipl. u. 164 The detracting of
time shall enforce vs to take counsaile when it is to ey
1599 Haxtuyr Voy. II. 1. 135 The detracting of the time of
our setting out. 1613 Jackson Creed 1. 331 The lewes de-
tractings of our Sauiour.
Detracting (ditrektin), ff/. a. [f as prec.
+-InG2.] That detracts; given to detraction ;
disparaging, depreciative.
1530 PaLsGr. 310/1 Detractyng, belongyng to detractyon,
detractoire. 1599 Marston Sc. Villanie u. vi. 201 Hence
ye big-buzzing, little-bodied Gnats.. With your malignant,
weake, detracting vaine. 1674 tr. Scheffer's Lapland v. 1
‘They are..of a censorious and detracting humor. 171
Pripeavux Connection u. 11. 78 He had criticised in a very
biting and detracting style. 1824 L. Murray Zug. Grant.
(ed. 5) I. 308 A man who is of a detracting spirit, will mis-
construe the most innocent words, :
Hence Detra‘ctingly adv.
1598 FLorio, Prauamente, wickedly .. detractingly. 176
Murrny AZZ in Wrong v. i, 1 am not fond of ing de-
tractingly of a young lady. 1818 Coterince Treat. Alethod
in Encycl. Metrop., Mental Philos. (1847) 16 Why Bacon
should have spoken detractingly of such a man.
Detraction (ditrekfon). [a. F. déraction, in
12th c. detractiun (Ph. de Thaun), ad. L. détrac-
tidn-em, n. of action from dérahére: see DETRACT
v.]_ The action of detracting.
+1. A taking in subtraction, deduction, with-
drawal. Ods. or arch, exc. as in b. (Cf. Derract
v. 1, 2.)
1528 Garpiner in Pocock Rec. Ref. 1. li. 130 Wherein...
Bi oh the additi detracti and So 1 .
Cortann Galyen's Terapeutyke 2G iv, The detraction of
blode..ought to be doone in the partye..moste dystaunt, &
then in the vicerate ies, 1648 Bovie Seraph. Love xx.
(1700) 127 With less detraction from their true Magnitude.
tr. ‘Bonet's Merc. Compit. vi. 243, 1 aj e..rather
Incision, than of Detraction of the Callus. 1817 Scorrssy
in Ann, Reg. Chron. 555 A detraction of vapour from the
circumpolar regions.
b. A detracting, or part to be detracted from
(merit, reputation, or the like); cf. sense 2.
Miron Arcades 11 Fame. , We may justly now accuse
her praise: Less than half we find ex-
from the merits of Miss Tox. — F
2. The action of detracting from a person's merit
or reputation ; the utterance of what is deprecia-
tory or injurious to his reputation; depreciation,
disparagement, defamation, calumny, slander. (The
earliest and the prevalent a go cf. Desai 9. 5)
mere ein prvi
eae hi cane i c1goo Rom. Rose
5531 With tonge woundyng .. Thurgh venemous det:
cioun, ¢ Gesta Rom. xxxvi. 1 pa dma & bac-
bitinges, d i exgro Barctay Mirr. Gd.
Manners (1570) G. j, Be no tale bearer, vse not detraction.
1 Marston Sco. Villanie 165 Enuies abhorred childe,
Derraction, 1659 B. Harris Parival’s Iron Age 53 By
occasion of petty envies, and shamefull detractions, 1709
Appison 7atler No. 102 ? 5 Females addicted toC
ness and Detraction. 1827 Hare Guesses Ser. 1. £287 ) 527
Flat and detraction or evil- are, as
is, the and bdis of the tongue. 1875 MANNING
Mission H. Ghost v. 139 To listen to detraction is as much
an act of detraction as to speak i
ie.
+8. Protraction (of time); delay. Obs. (Cf. De-
prea Cobiiéek ae oe. Mons lal
1m. 141 ens «+
{bazan] to grow cold for the detraction and negligence which
DETRACTIOUS.
the king used. 1588 Howarp Let. to Walsyngham 14 June,
‘The Commissioners cannot perceive whether they..use the
same to detract a time for a further device ; and if our Com-
missioners do discover any detraction in them [etc.]. 1637
R. Humpnueey tr. St, Ambrose 1, 138 Lest through detraction
of time, those sugred baits. .ingage too far. ,
+4. Withdrawal, declinature, relinquishment.
Obs. rare. (Cf. DETRACT v. 7.)
1655-60 SranLey Hist. Philos. (1701) 620/2 For want of
this renouncing or detraction.
+ Detractious (ditrakfas), a. Obs. [f. De-
TRACTION: see -TI0US.] Given to detraction ; dis-
paraging, calumnious.
1626 T. H[awxins] Caussin’s Holy Crt. 202 Giue detractious
tongues leaue .. to li{[c]keup dust. 1755 Jonnson, Deroga-
tory, detractious, E
Detractive (détreektiv), a [a. OF. detractéf,
-tve, f. L, type *détractiv-us, f. détract-: see DE-
TRACT v, and -IVE.]
1, Conveying, of the nature of, or given to, de-
traction; disparaging, depreciative, defamatory,
calumnious,
1490 Caxton Eneydos vi, 23 To saye wordes detractiues.
1618 Cuapman /fesiod, Bk. of Days 40 Whispering out
detractive obloquies. 1633 T. Morton Discharge 276 (T.)
An envious and detractive adversary. 1767 Go-psm. Rom.
Hist, (1786) U1. 342 Envious and detractive. 1822 Exami-
ner 154/t Walpole shines more in the detractive and satirical,
than in the candid and urbane.
2. Tending to detract from: see DETRACT 2. 2.
1654 W. MountacuE Devoute Ess. m1. iii. § 2 (R.) Admitting
the being of evil not at all detractive from God. 3830
Examiner 5/2 Looked upon as detractive from the merits of
a production. |
+3. ‘Having the power to take or draw away’
(T.). Obs.
1580 E. Knicut Triall of Truth 28 (T.) [The surgeon]
straightway will.apply a detractive plaister. :
Hence Detractively adv., Detra‘ctiteness.
1727 Baicey vol. II, Detractiveness, detracting Quality or
Humour. Mod. A review detractively written.
Detractor (ditre*kta1).. Also 4-7 -tour, 5
-towre, 6-8 -ter, 6 Sc. detrakker. [a. AFr. de-
tractour=OF. detracteur, ad. L. détractor, agent-
noun from détrahére (see DETRACT v.): see -OR.]
1. One who detracts from another’s merit or re-
putation by uttering things to his prejudice;.a
person given to detraction; a defamer, traducer,
calumniator, slanderer.
1382 Wycuir Rom. i. 30 Detractouris, or opyn bacbyteris.
1474 Caxton Chesse 11. v. D viij b, They ben... right mordent
and bytyng detractours. 1537 Just. Chr. Man in Formutl,
Faith M iv, The detractour is not glad to tell, but to hym,
that is glad to here. 1549 Compl. Scot. Prol. 9 To confound
ignorant detrakkers. 1563-87 Foxe A. & JZ. (1596) 108/1
malicious detractor of Gregorie. 1598 BarckLEy Fedic.
Man w. (1603) 287 Instead of favourers he shall have de-
tracters, 1633 J. Done Hist. Septuagint 147 You will not
suffer your selfe to be perswaded by the reports of detractors.
1720 WELTON Suffer. Son of God II. xxi. 577 That which a
Friend would excuse. .or Wink at .. the Detractor publishes
without sparing or Reserve. 1755 JoHNnson, Detracter.
1858 Doran Crt, Fools 51 Every fashion has its detractors.
1860 Pusey Min. Proph. 281 The detractor preys on his
brother's flesh. 7
tb. Const. from. Obs. (Cf. Derract v. 30.)
1599 Marston Sco. Villanie iv. 151 Vaine enuious detractor
from the good. a 1610 Heatey Efictetus (1636) Life, Lucian
+a perpetual detractor from all the Philosophers. 1660 R.
Coxe Power §& Subj. 141 If Sabinianus were so malitious
a detractor from the works of St. Gregory. 1829 Lanpor
Lae (1868) I. 160/2 It exhibits him as a detractor from
akspeare.
|| 2. Anat. A Depressor muscle. [prop. mod.L.]
? Obs.
1811 Hoorer Med. Dict. s.v. 1823 Craps Technol, Dict.,
Detractor..a muscle whose office it is to draw down the
part to which it is attached. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Detractor
+. old name for a muscle whose office is to draw the part
to which it is attached away from some other part.
Detractory (ditre:ktari), a. [ad. L. détrac-
tori-us disparaging, slanderous, f. détractor: see
prec. and -ory. Cf. OF. detractoire 15th c. in
Godef.] Tending to detract; depreciatory, dis-
paraging, defamatory ; = DETRACTIVE I.
1585 Parsons Chr. Exerc. u. i. 157 An excuse most dis<
honourable and detractorie to the force of Christe hys grace.
1646 Sir T. Browne Psend. Ep. 1. v.17 This is not only de-
rogatory unto the wisdome of God. . but also detractory unto
the intellect. «1712 Swirr Art Political Lying, The detrac-
tory, or defamatory, is a lie which takes froma great man
the reputation that justly belongs to him. 1805 Miniature
No. 26 » 3 Others. -have divided them [lies] into the Addi-
tory, Detractory, and Translatory.
Const. from: cf. Derract v. 2, 3c, DETRACTIVE 2.
1648 BoyLe sae fe Love xx. (1700) 126, I use the expres-
sions I find less detractory from a ‘Theme, as much abo
our Praises, as the Heav’n..is above our Heads.
Detractress (ditrektrés). [f. Derracror:
see -ESS.] A female detractor.
1716 Appison Freeholder No. 23 The said detractress shall
be. .ordered to the lowest place of the room. 1788 Pasquin
Childr. Thespis .(1792) 141 With a terrific tongue to assist
a detractress.
+ Detrain, v.1 Ods. In 6 detrayne. ([Cf.
OF. detrainer to drag away, draw.] ¢rans. To
iW.
1587 M. Grove Pelofs & Hipp. (1878) 112 If that thou list
+; With pensell to detrayne A sa, that all oth
P aye should stay
er shews of
275
Detrain (ditrzn), v2 [f. De- II. 2b+ Train
sb., after debark, etc.]
1. ¢vans. To discharge from a railway train: the
converse of entrain. (Orig. a military term.)
1881 Globe 9 July 5 The corps travelling by the Great
Northern and Crest Eastern railways .. are ‘detrained’ at
Ascot. 1882 7ies 20 Nov. 7 The horses were rapidly and
safely detrained. 1892 Whitby Gaz. 26 Aug. 4 A grand total
of 4794 persons were detrained at the Town Station.
2. zntr. To alight from a railway train.
1881 Graphic 3 Sept. 1 The Regiment detraining. 1882
W. Chester (Pa.) ig, Serre V. No. 142 The English are
using a new word. Soldiers going out of railway cars ‘de-
train’. 1888 7%es 31 Mar., These Easter manceuvres give
great practice to the Volunteers in entraining and detrain-
ing. 1890 Daily Tel. 18 July, The train..was blocked [by
a flood] and the passengers had to detrain.
Hence Detrai‘ning vd/, sb. (also attrib.).
1885 A. Forpes in 19th Cent. XVII. 635 ‘Their trained
labourers are deftly building detraining platforms. 1887
Times 8 Apr. 4/3 Strict silence is to be maintained during
entraining and detraining. s
+Detray:, v. Obs. [ad. OF. detrai-re (de-
tray-ant) = Pr, detraire, Pg. detrahir, It. detrarre
:—L. détrahére to draw off or away, DETRACT v.]
1. trans. To take away, subtract, remove; =
DETRACT 2. I, 2.
1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. 56 The walles .. dyd .. expres,
With golde depaynted, every perfyte nombre, To adde, de-
traye, and to devyde asonder, /é:d. xxx. xx, That she your
sorow may detray or slake. ¢ 1520 Wo tsey in Burnet //7s¢.
Ref. 11. 90, Ye be put at liberty to add, detray .. chuse or
mend, as ye shall think good.
2. To disparage, calumniate; = DETRACT zv. 3.
¢ 1475 Badbees Bk, 205 (1868) 8 Prayyng. .Of this labour that
no wihte me detray.
3. To withdraw; =Derract z, 4.
1517 H. Watson Shyffe of Fooles Aij, And you be of the
nombre of the fooles moundaynes that yé may lerne som-
what for to detraye you out of the shyp stultyfere.
+ Detre‘ct, v. Obs. [ad. L. détrecta-re (also
-tractére) to decline, refuse, also to detract from,
depreciate, freq. of détrahére: see DerRact v,]
1. trans. To draw back from, decline, refuse; =
Derract v. 7. (With szmple obj. or inf.)
1542 Henry VIII Declar. Scots D ij b, They detrected the
doing of theyr duetie. 1543 Brcon Policy of War Early
Wks. (1843) 235 Whosoever detrecteth and refuseth to do
for his country whatsoever lieth in his power. @ 1619
FotHersy A ¢heowt, 11. i. § 8 (1622) 194 Hee detrected his
going into Egypt, vpon a pretence, that he was not eloquent.
1629 H. Burton Babel no Bethel 75 We detrect not to hold
communion with her. 1661 G. Rust Origen in Phenix
(1721) I. 85 A Testimony of that great Power your Com-
mands have over me, which you see I have not detrected.
absol. ni af B. Jonson New Juz u. vi, Doe not detrect :
you know th’ authority Is mine.
2. To disparage, depreciate, speak evil of, blame ;
= DETRACT v, 3.
1563 Win3ev Four Scoir Thre Quest. § 64 Wks. 1888 1. 116
Quhy detrect 3e and rebukis ws Catholikis for the obserua-
tioun thairof.
Detrectation (ditrektéfon), rare. [ad. L.
detrectation-em, n. of action from détrectare: see
prec.] A drawing back, refusal, declinature.
1623 Cockeram, Detrectation, a refusing to doe a thing.
@ 1647 Br. Hatt Rem. Wks. (1660) II. 308 The more hate-
ful is the detrectation of our observance. 1789 BENTHAM
Princ. Legisl. xvi. § 27 (1879) 237 If he was [in possession],
it may be termed wrongful abdication of trust; if not,
wrongful detrectation or non-assumption,
+ Detrench, v. Obs. [a. OF. detrenchier, -cher
(also -tranchier) to cut, cut away, cut off, f. Dx- I.
2 + trencher, trancher to cut.]
1. trans. To cut asunder or through.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. v. 1x. (1495) 176 A synewe
whyche is kytte asondre and detrenchyd growyth neuer
after. 1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 1. Xxxvi.
39a/1 Wyth his teeth he detrenched and bote his tonge.
c1500 Melusine xxii, 146 He detrenched & cutte the two
maister vaynes of his nek. ae
2. To cut up, cut or hew in pieces; to inflict
severe slaughter upon, ‘ cut to pieces’ in battle.
1470-85 Matory Arthur v. yi, Sir Launcelot with suche
knyghtes as he hadde .. slewe and detrenchid many of the
Romayns. ¢1477 Caxton ¥asoz 111 We shall rendre to
the thy sone slayn and detrenched by pieces. 1489 —
Blanchardyn xx. 63 He detrenched and kutte bothe horses
and knyghtes, he cloue and rent helmes and sheldes,
3. To cut off, sever by cutting.
1553 T. Witson Rhet. 38 b, If your hande were detrenched,
or youre bodie maimed with some soubdaine stroake.
4. fig. To cut away, cut down, retrench, curtail.
1654 H. L’Esrrance Chas. J. (1655) 183 Had the king
yeelded to a detrenching some luxuriances of his Preroga-
tive. bid. 216 Many would detrench from them their secu!
power.
+ Detre'ssed, Z//. a. Obs. [f. F. détressé, OF.
destrecté (13th c.), £. de-, des- (DE- I. 6) + tressé
arranged in a tress or tresses, f. ¢resse TRESS.]
Of hair: Out of ‘tress’ or plait; hanging loose.
100-20 Dunbar Poems Ixxvil. 43 Syne come thair four
and twentie na . With hair detressit, as threidis of
gold did hing. 1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Rom, Quest. (1892)
22 With their haires detressed and hanging downe loose.
Detriment (de‘trimént), sd. Also 5-6 detry-
ment. [a. F. dériment (1236 in Hatzf.-Darm.),
ad. L. détrimenitum loss, damage, detriment, f.
deterére (détrivi, détrit-) to wear away, impair.]
DETRIMENTAL.
1. Loss or damage done or caused to, or sustained
by, any person or thing.
ax44go Found. St. Bartholomew's 24 Dumme he was
know..berynge heuyly the detrimente of his tonge. 1529
Act 21 Hen. VIII, c. 16. § 11 To the great Detriment of
our own natural Subjects. 1533 Etyor Cast. Helthe 11. iii.
(1539) 17a, Nature shulde susteyne treble detriment. 1542
BoorDE Dyetary vii. (1870) 243 Yf he .. lese hym selfe, and
bryng hym selfe to a detryment. 1548 STAUNFoRD Aing’s
Prerog. v. (1567) 25 b, Note that sometymes the king is to
take a detriment by the liuere with y° particion. 1616 R. C.
Times’ Whistle iii. 1032 Thinkst thou Peeters chaire. .Can
free thee from eternall detriment ? 1663 Butter H/1d.1. ii.g29
Sole author of all Detriment He and his Fiddle underwent.
1756-7 tr. Keysler’s Trav. (1760) III. 419 Lest any detri-
ment might accrue to the heirs. 1859 Mitt Liberty iii.
(1865) 40/1 The luxury of doing as they like without detri-
ment to their estimation, 1875 Lyett Princ. Geol. II. 1.
xl. 393 [Seeds] may be carried without detriment through
climates where the plants themselves would instantly perish.
b. That which causes or embodies a loss; some-
thing detrimental. i
1504 ATKYNSON tr. De Jinitatione 1. iv, Those thynges that
be the hurt of theyr owne soules & the detriment of theyr
neyghboure. 1548 Lp. Somerset fist. Scots Byjb, This
forein helpe is your confusion, that sucéour is your detriment.
1664 Evetyn Kad. Hort. (1729) 187 Some of them must of
Necessity be neglected. .which is the greatest Detriment to
this Mystery. 1855 Hr. Martineau A xéobiog. 1. 400 Their
advocacy of Woman’s cause becomes mere detriment.
2. Astro/, The position or condition of a planet
when in the sign opposite its house; a condition
of weakness or distress.
1632 Massincer City Madame u. ii, Saturn out of all digni-
ties, in his detriment and fall, combust. 1660 H. More J/ys¢.
Godliness vit. xv. 342 Saturn, Jupiter and Mars from their
conjunction to their opposition with the Sun are Oriental,
and gain two fortitudes; but from their Opposition to their
Conjunction are Occidental, and incur two detriments.
3. Her. Eclipse (of sun or moon) ; also, the in-
visible phase of the moon at her change.
1610 Guitu Heraldry 111.iii.(1660) 110[see DECREMENT IC].
Jbid. 112 He beareth, Argent, a Moon in her detriment or
Eclipse, Sable. 1688 R. Hotme Arymoury u. 22/1 This is..
a Moon in her detriment or Eclipse. 1839 Baitey /estus
(1872) 121 Nor moon's dim detriment.
4. pl. The name of certain small charges made
by colleges and similar societies upon their mem-
bers.
The ‘detriments’ at Cambridge corresponded to the ‘de-
crements’ at Oxford, and appear to have been originally
deductions from the stipends of foundation members on
account of small extras for the table, etc., not included in
their statutory or customary commons; the charge was
afterwards extended to all members and students of the
colleges. See Fowler Hist. C.C.C. (O.H.S.) 354.
1670 Eacuarp Cont. Clergy 20 A solemn admission, and a
formal paying of Colledge-Detriments, 1686 Aejon MSS, in
14th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. iv. 185 His bill of June 24
[16]85 £11:09:11. His detriments, De. to June 24 [16]86
02:17:034. 1705 Order-book of Christ's Coll. Camb.(MS.)
6 Nov., The Schollars to be eased in their detriments from
1 June to 1 November. We'll think of a Method in the
meantime. .
5. f/. Ruins (of buildings).
1632 Lirucow 7yrav. v. 200 ‘The stony heapes of Jericho,
the detriments of Thebes, the relicts of Tyrus. /did. 1x. 402
“We came .. to the detriments of Messina.
De‘triment, v. [f. prec. sb.] ¢vans. To cause
loss or damage to; to damage, injure, hurt.
1621 W. Scrater Tythes (1623) 226 His losse of reserued
time, already so detrimented in his hallowed substance.
1659 FULLER A Inj. Innoc.1.7 That others might be de-
trimented thereby. 1678 Marvett Growth Popery 35 Upon
the Ballance of the French Trade, this Nation was detri-
mented yearly gooooo/. or a Million. 1743 Lond. § Coun-
try Brew. u. (ed. 2) 112 This ill forceable usage..clogs and
detriments the fine penetrating Particles. 1841 D'Israetr
Amen, Lit, (1867) 122 The disuse of the French would de-
triment their intercourse abroad.
Detrimental (detrimental), @. and sd. [f.
DETRIMENT 5d. + -AL.]
A. adj. Causing loss or damage; harmful, in-
jurious, hurtful.
1656 Biount Glossogr., Detrimental, hurtful, dangerous,
full of loss. a@166x FuLLeR Worthies (1840) I. 281 A gift
indeed..loaded with no detrimental conditions. 171g W.
Woop Surv. Trade 84 That the Trade. .is most detrimental
tothe Nation. 1801 Med. Frnl. V. 1 Particularly detri-
mental to the constitution. 1872 Yeats Growth Comm. 271
Their admission was detrimental to French industry, 1875
Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) IV. 53 Paradoxes .. which [are]...
detrimental to the true course of thought.
B. sd. A person or thing that is prejudicial; in
Society slang, a younger brother of the heir of an
estate ; a ineligible suitor. ;
1831 West, Rev. XIV. 424 The eldest son is pursued by
.-damsels, while the younger are termed ‘detrimentals’..
and avoided by ‘ mothers and cg ae ’ as more dangerous
company than the plague. 1832 Marryat 1, Forster xxv,
These detrimentads (as they have named themselves) ma‘
be provided for. 1854 Lavy Lyrron Behind the Scenes \,
ul. ili. 188 There were also plenty of detrimentals, such as
younger brothers, unpaid red tapeists, heiress-seekers, and
political connection-hunters, 1870 C. F. Gorpon-Cumminc in
Gd. Words 137/t The sisters of the wife being considered
detrimentals, are placed in Buddhist convents. 1886 Househ.
Words 13 Mar. 400 (Farmer) A detrimental, in genteel slang,
is a lover, who, owing to his poverty is ineligible as a hus-
band; or one who p to to a lady
without serious intention of marriage, and thereby discour-
ages the intentions of others. 1893 Mrs. C. Prarp Outlaw
§& Lawmaker Ui. 80 Mrs. Valliant. thought that the detri-
Is kept off “ ,
a 35*-2
DETRIMENTALLY.
Hence Detrimenta'lity, Detrime‘ntalness.
1727 Bawey vol. Il, Detrimentaln judicial
1873 Daily News 5 Aug., When you are hinting to your
fair daughter the detrimentality of Charlie Fraser..who has
his su’ tern's pay and about 50/. a year thrown in.
mtally (detrime-ntali), adv. [f. prec.
+-Ly2.] Ina manner causing detriment or harm ;
hurtfully.
1879 H. Spencer Data of Ethics iv. § 22. 60 The loss of
character detrimentally affects his business. - 1886 Law
Times’ Rep. LI. 674/1 The exercise of the franchise by
=a servants cannot prejudicially or detrimentally affect the
rown.
Detrime‘ntary, @. vere. [f. DetRiMent sd. +
~ARY, Cf. ELEMENTARY.) = DETRIMENTAL a,
1841 Fraser's eae XXV. 27 An internal commotion ..
detrimentary to the high trust he held.
entous, 2. Ods. [f. as prec. + -ous.]
= DETRIMENTAL a.
1648 J. Goopwin Right & Might 24 It .. would be detri-
mentous and destructive to it. did. 40 Counsels .. detri-
mentous and destructive to the generall. interest.
Detrital (d/traital), @. Physiogr. [f. Derrit-
uS+-AL.] Of or pertaining to detritus ; consisting
of particles worn away from some solid body.
1832 De La Becue Geol, Man, (ed.2) 249 The detrital de-
posits of thecountry, 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. x\viii. (1856)
455 The valleys were studded with .. rocks, and a detrital
paste resembling till. 1869 Puiturs Vesuv, vii. 173 Where
atmospheric vicissitudes have produced detrital slopes. 1878
Hux ey P&Aysiogr. 132 The detrital matter which is worn
away from the land and carried along by rivers.
+ Detrite, ppl.a. Obs—° [ad. L. détritus, pa.
pple. of déterére to wear away.] Worn down, worn
away.
eco Biount Glossogr., Detrite, worn out, bruised, or con-
sumed,
Detrited (ditraitéd\, AA. a.
1. Worn down.
1697 Evetyn Numism.iv.10 Some of our worn-out and
detrited Harry Groats. 1887 NV. § Q. 7th Ser. 3 Sept. 194/2
A halfpenny detrited.
2. Geol. Disintegrated ; formed as detritus.
1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. x\viii.(1856) 448 A long earthen
stain, garnished probably with detrited rubbish, extended
down like the lines of a moraine. 1856 — Arct. Ex. I1.
xv. 157 Impregnated throughout with detrited matter.
Detri‘tic, a. rare. [f. Dernit-us + -1c.] =
DETRITAL.
1843 Porriock Geol. 514 The stream. .runs through a deep
detritic ravine.
Detrition (d/tri‘fan). [n. of action f, L. dé-
tercre, ppl. stem détrit-, to wear away, rub away.
Cf. mod.F. dérition (in Cuvier).] The action of
wearing away by rubbing.
1674 Petty Disc. Dupl. Proportion 125 Gross tangible
Bodies being very mutable by the various Additions and
Detritions that befal them. 1741 Monro Anat, Bones (ed. 3)
55 The Uses of Cartilages .. are, to allow. . Bones .. to slide
easily without Detrition. 1890 .Va/ure 27 Nov. go Deteition
has made it as smooth as the shingle pebbles on our shores.
1893 Dublin Kev. July 733 What remains after centuries of
detrition and denudation.
Detritus (ditreitis). Physiogr. [a. L. détritus
(z-stem) rubbing away.
The proper meaning of the L. word appears in sense r.
The etymologically improper sense 2 af have been taken
from French, in which détvitus is cited of date 1780 by
Hatz.-Darm. Earlier in the century, according to the Dict.
de Trévoux, the more correct défritum was used in F.} :
+1. Wearing away or down by detrition, disin-
tegration, decomposition. Oéds.
1798 Hutton Theory of Earth (1797) 1.115 Such materials
as might come from the detritus of granite. /bid. 206, I have
nowhere said that a// the soil of this earth is made from the
decomposition or detritus of these stony substances. 1802
Prayrair //lustr. Hutton. Th. Wks. 1822 1. 63 The effects
of waste and detritus. Ibid, 113 Proofs of a detritus which
nothing can resist. did. 123 The waste and detritus to
which all things are subject. uns ;
2. Matter produced by the detrition or wearing
away of exposed surfaces, especially the gravel,
sand, clay, or other material eroded and washed
away by aqueous agency; a mass or formation of
this nature.
1802 PLavrair Jdlustr. F/ ution. Th. Wks. 1822 1. 409 The
uantity of detritus brought down by the rivers, /éid. 425
“he distance to which the detritus from the land is con-
fessedly carried, 1802 — in Adin. Rev. 1. 207 When the
detritus of the land is delivered by the rivers into the sea.
1823 W. Buckiann Relig. Diluv. 26 Deposits of diluvial
[as prec. + -ED.]
detritus, like the surface gravel beds of England. 1832 De
1a Becue Geol. Man. (ed. 2) 210 The whole is evidently
a detritus of the Alpine rocks, and in it organic remains are
by no means common. 1851 Mayne Reip Sca/p Hunt, xli,
e entered the cafion, and _ over the detritus, 1862
Dana Man. Geol. 643 The fine earthy material deposited by
streams or their sediment, is called si/¢ or detritus, 1876
Pact Adv. Text-bk. Geol. xix. 39 That broad valley ..
covered to an immense depth with an angular detritus.
3. transf. and fig. Waste or disintegrated material
of any kind ; debris.
1834 J. Forses Lacnnec’s Dis. Chest (ed. 4) 189 The walls
of this abscess had ..no surface, the pus being observed
gradually to pass into a purulent detritus, and this into
a firmer tissue. 1849 H. Rocers £ss, II, vi. 306 The loose
detritus of thought, washed down to us thro long. ages.
be Sir F. re erase $ rat jor T am of
guages coveri orthern Gauls, 1876 tr. Wagner's
ten, Pathol. 192 red blood-corpuscles and fibrinous
detritus. .are real
276
b. An accumulation of debris of any sort.
1851 Layarp Pop. Acc. Discov. Nineveh vii. 134 We found
ourselves at the foot of an almost icular detritus of
loose stones. 1866 R. Cuampers ss. Ser. 1. 185 There is
a detritus of ruin in every corner, of broken toys,
sofa-pillows, foot-stools.
De trop: see Dx II.
Detrude (ditr#d), v. [ad. L. détriidére to thrust
away or down, f. Dx- I. 1, 2 + ¢ridére to —
1. ¢rans. To thrust, push, or force down. (Zit.
and fig:)
1548 Hatt Chron., Rich. III, an. 3(R.) And theim to cast
and detrude sodaynly into conti captiuitie and bondag:
1638 Six T. Hervert 7 raz. (ed, 2) 216 His wife Semiramys
detruded him into prison. 1644 H. Parker Yus Pop. 51
This want detrudes them into a condition below beasts.
hdc THomson Spring 567 The torpid , detruded to
the root By wintry winds. bers. by Roserts 7 reat. Urinary
Dis. 1. xiv. (ed. 4) 673 The right kidney. .could be detruded
downwards. :
2. To thrust out or away ; to expel or repel forci-
bly. (det, and fig.)
555 Anp. Parker Ps. xxxviii. 109 Detrude me not. @ 1575
Diurn. Occurrents(1833)152(They]detrudit the ministarie of
Goddis word. 1
detruded Heaven for his meerly pride and malice.
Power £.xp. Philos. 1. 138 The included Ayr .. striving to
dilate itself, detrudes the Quicksilver. 1 aris Hermes
Ul. iii. (1786) 266 Not a word .. is detruded from its proper
place. 1847 Topp Cyc. Anat. 1V. 83/2 Tartar. .sometimes
detrudes this [tooth] from its socket.
Detruncate (ditranke't), v. [f. ppl. stem of
L. détruncare to lop off, f. De- I. 2 + truncare to
cut off, maim.] ‘rans. To shorten by lopping off
a portion (it. and fig.) ; to cut short, ‘cut down’,
Hence Detru‘ncated ff/. a. = TRUNCATED.
1623 Cocxeram, Detruncate, to cut or lop boughs. wef
Baitey vol. 11, Detruncated, cut or chopped off ; beh
1846 Lanpor /’ks. (1868) I. 537/2 Which. .would detruncate
our rank expenditure. 1877 Burnett Zar 46 In the wide end
of a detruncated cone. 1885 H. Conway Family Affair vi,
He had not yet detruncated a [china] Chelsea figure.
Detruncation (ditrvgké'fon). [ad. L. dé-
truncation-em a lopping off, n. of action f. détrun-
care: see prec. Cf. mod.F. détroncation.] The
action of cutting off or cutting short; the fact or
condition of being cut short. (dzt. and fig.)
1623 Cockeram, Detruncation, a lopping or cutting. 1651
31ccs New Disp. ? 287 Detruncation or diminution of their
strength. 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 88 P11 This detrun-
cation of our syllables. 1845 Blackw. Mag. LVII. 523 Not
a perilous gash, but a detruncation fatal to the living frame.
1877 Burnett Lar 43 Two detruncated cones placed together
at kf points of detruncation.
b. Obstetric Surg. (See quot.)
1 Craic, Detruncation, The separation of the trunk of
the foetus from the head, the latter remaining in utero.
1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex.
+t Detrunk, v. Obs. [ad. L. détruncare to lop
off; after TrunK.] ¢rans. To cut off. lop off.
1566 Drant Horace’ Sat. iii. G vj b, When she of dolefull
chylde The head detruncte dyd_ beare about. 1654 H.
Thsreasce Chas. I (1655) 80 This Petition they thought
would detrunck too much, and some thought strike at the
very root of that Prerogative,
+ Detruse, v. Sc. Obs. [f. L. détriis- ppl.
stem of détridére.] By-form of DerruDE.
197 Sempill Ballates ie, 126 Gif ye neglect, than God
. Will from yat rowme thoill you to be detrusit. :
Detrusion (ditr# zon). [ad. late L. détritsion
-em, n. of action f. detridére, ppl. stem défriis-,
to thrust down or away.] ‘The action of thrusting
down or away (/it, and f' .); ef. DeTRUDE.
Force of detrusion in Mech. =downward thrust.
1620 Br. Hatt Hon. Mar. Clergie 11. § 6 Insolent detru-
sion of imperiall authority. — x Swan Spec. M. v. $2
(1643) 180 By..violent detrusion from the cloud wherein it
was enclosed. 1707 Norris Humility vii. 306 A detrusion
into the bottomless pit. 1855 Mirman Lat. Chr, (1864) IX.
x1v. i. 51 The detrusion from its autocratic. . throne,
Detrusor (ditrisa1). Also 6 Sc. -ar. [agent-
noun from L. détridére, détriis- to DETRUDE.
+1. One who thrusts away or rejects. Ods,
1571 Sempill Ballates (1872) 121 Detrusaris, refuisaris Of
hir authoritie. : e
2. Anat. [mod.L.; in full detrusor urine.| Name
for the muscular coat of the bladder, by con-
traction of which the urine is expelled.
[1706 in Prius (ed. Kersey), Detrusor Uring.] 1766
Parsons in PAil. Trans. LVI. 215 The detrusor muscle of
the..urinary bladder. 1876 Gross Dis, Bladder 55 The
internal fibres of the detrusor muscle.
+ Detruss (ditra’s), v. Obs. Also 5 destruss.
[a. OF. destrousser, detroucer, mod.F¥, détr-, to de-
spoil one of his /rousses, i.e. baggage, to rob, pil-
lage, f.dé-, des-, L.dis-+ trousse bundle, pl. baggage.]
trans. To spoil, plunder (of baggage),
1475 Bk. Noblesse 65 ~~ grete aventur he scapyth. . but
he dees hys op aly estrussed. 1598 Barrer 7heor,
Warrés w, i, 100 That the enemy detrusse him not thereof
[munition]. /déd. v. ii. 142 To detrusse the enemies conuoy.
Dette, detter, -our, etc., obs. ff. Dest, Depron.
Detton, obs. var. of DerEnT sé. ;
+ De a. Obs, [a. OF, deté, detté, f. dete:
L. cs at bitatus, f. debita debt.]
bY , due.
, V.7T hat i
Pa Fp ay 1 ey og toy ati
1664
Fevtuam Xesolves u. lvi. 274'To be |
DEUCE.
Pai a
opie robe ; ¥ Dens coon Popen ay +,
N : 2
2. Indebted. .
1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. xv. Wii. (1495) 509 She
shewyth herselfe detty to wise men and ynwise.
+ Detumefy, 2. ls. [Dr-IL 1] intr, To
lose swollen condition, subside from being swollen.
1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. xiv. 485 If it be fomented
with very cold Water, it will detumefie.
escence (ditiwme'séns). [f. L. déu-
méscére to cease or subside from i
I. 6 + tuméscére to begin to swell): see -ENCE. So
in mod.F. (1792 in Hatzf-Darm.)] Subsidence
from swelling, or ( fg.) from tumult.
_ 1678 Cupwort Jntedl. Syst. 581 The Wider the Circulat-
ing Wave grows, still hath it the more Subsidence and
Detumescence. 1704 W.Cowrer in Phil. Trans. XXV.
1584 Unfitness for its retraction till there is a detumescence
its Glans. 1883 Farrar & Poote Gen. Aims Teacher
10 The School was in the detumescence of a most ruinous
rebellion. Syd. Soc. Lex., Detumescence, the subsi-
dence of a swelling, or the al ion of a tumour,
Detunow, -nue, obs. ff. DeTiNvE.
Detur (d7té1). [L. déur let there be gan
(dare to give).] A re of books given annually at
Harvard College, U.S., to meritorious students :
so called from the first word of the accompanying
Latin inscription.
(The — are provided from the bequest of the Hon, Ed-
ward Hopkins who died in 1657.)
1836 Lowe Lett. (1894) rs 1o The ‘deturs’ have been
iven out, and I have got Akenside’s Poems. 1883 Harvard
xiv, Catal, 110 A distribution of books called Deturs is
made..near the beginning of the Academic Year, to meri-
torious students of one year's standing. Deturs are also
er to..members of the Junior Class who..have made
ecided improvement in scholarship. Last year twenty-
nine Deturs were given in the Sophomore Class and five in
the Junior Class.
+ "rb,v. Obs. [ad. L. déturb-dre to thrust
down, f. De- I, 1 + turbare to disturb, disorder.]
trans. To drive or beat down ; to thrust out.
1609 Br. W. Bartow Answ. Nameless Cath. 243 That
thou be .. deturbed or tumbled out of the possession of thy
Kingdome. 1620 Venner Via Recta ii. 24 They deturbe
the meats from the stomacke. 1636 Bratnwait Lives Rom.
03 Hee deturbed the aforesaid Pope from the seate,
1652 Br. Hatt /avisible World w.(L.) As soon may the
walls of heaven be scaled and thy throne deturbed, as he
can be foiled that is defenced within thy power. a
Tomutnson Renou's Disp. 640 These Trochisks,.potently
deturb such humours.
+ Detu‘rbate, v. Obs. rare—'. [f. L. déturbat-
ppl. stem of déturbare: see prec.] =prec.
156: Foxe A. §& M. (1684) 1. 662/1 This your rejecting,
Ph, Pod aerbacleg wad meee out of Anatholoes.
So + Deturba'tion Obs. rare—°.
1727 Bawey vol. II, Deturbation, a ing or throwing
down from on high ; also a troubling or disturbing.
+ Deturn (ditdn), v. Ods. [a. F. détourne-r
(in OF. desturner, whence Disturn), f. dé-, des-:—
L. dis- (Dis- 1) + tourner to Turn.] trans. To
turn away or aside ; to divert, cause to deviate.
ax4so Kut. de la Tour ci. 134 To deturne hym from
eueri euelle dede. 1607 Sc. “Act Yas. VI (1816) 388 ( am.)
To alter and deturne a litill the said way to the... better
travelling for the lieges. 1644 Dicsy Nat. Bodies xi. (1658)
117 The force that can deturn a feather from its course down-
wards, is not able to deturn a stone. 1745 Cursterr. Lett,
I. cil, Let nothing deturn from the epee
+ Deturpate, f7/. a. Obs. sat. [ad. L.
déturpat-us, pa. pple. of déturpare.] Defiled,
¢ 1532 Dewes /ntrod. Fr. in Palsgr. 1046 The sayd glasse
is nat deturpat nor made foule.
+ Deturpate (diti-upe't), v. Obs. [f. ppl. stem
of L. déturpare to disfigure, f. De- I. 3 + “erpare
to make unsightly, pollute, deform, disgrace, f,
turpis foul, disgraceful.]
1. “rans. To defile, pollute ; to debase.
1623 Cockrram, Deéturpate,to defile. 1628 Prynne Love-
Jockes 52 These Vnchristian cultures, which Defile, Pollute,
Deturpate and deforme our les. 1647 Jer. TaYLor
Dissuas. Popery i. Bh yc 99 The heresies and impieties
which had deturpated the face of the Church. ‘ToMuin-
son Renou's Disp., Nigritude deturpates them [the Teeth).
2. intr. To become vile or base.
1691 Woop Ath, O.von. 11. 484 He did jposg. hen detur-
pate, and so continued worse and worse till his h. 1833
Fraser's Mag. Vil. 635 He afterwards deturpated,
became idle, dissipated, and reckless.
+ tion. Ods. {[n. of action f, prec.;
see -ATION. Simran de ome
Caxton Eneydos xxviii. 110 , ene
onde hardenesse of olde age. 1660 Jen. Tavtor Duct,
Dubit, u. iii, rule xiv. § 29 The corrections and deturpations
and mistakes of transcribers.
Detynue, obs. form of Detinuz.
Deu, obs. form of Dew, Dur.
Deubash, obs. form of DuBasu,
+ Deu'bert, Ods. ae Dew.] One of the old
e hare,
deuis, 6-7 dewce, deuse, 7 dews, deus, he
duce, 6- deuce. [a. F. deux, OF. deus two.
-ce regularly represents earlier -s, as in peace, fence,
defence, etc.) . ,
}
DEUCE.
1. The ¢wo at dice or cards. .a, Dice, That side
of the die that is marked with two pips or spots ;
a throw which turns up this side. :
1519 Horman Vlg. 280 b, Deuce and synke were nat in
the olde dyce. 1598 FLorio, Duin7, two dewses at dice.
1605 CAMDEN Rem. 148 Two in a ys casting dews at
dice. ax Butter Rew. (1759) 1. 81 Or settling it in
Trust to Uses, Out of his Pow’r, on Trays and Deuses. 1772
Foore Nabob u. Wks. 1799 11. 301 Tray, ace, or two deuces,
b. Cards. That card of any suit which is marked
with two spots.
1680 Cotton Gamester in Singer Hist. Cards 343 They..
carry about. .treys, deuces, aces, &c. in their pockets. 1775,
Goucu_in Archwologia (1787) VIII. 154 On the duce of
acorns besides the ardeenaler a arms is [etc.]. 1853 Lytton
My/Novel 1. xii, My partner has turned up a deuce—deuce
earts.
2. Tennis, [ =It.adue, F.ad deux de jeu.) Aterm
denoting that the two sides have each gained three
points (called 40) in a game (or five games in a
set), in which case /zwo successive points (or games)
must be gained in order to win the game (or set).
(See ADVANTAGE sd, 2.) Also attrid.
1598 Frorio, Adua..a dewce, at tennice play. 1816
Encycl. Perth, XXII, 221 Instead of calling it 40 at all, it
is called deuce. 1878 Jut. Marsnat Annals of Tennis 134
Scaino [in 1555] then tells his readers that [the scoring is]
“at two (a due)’ as it is called when the game is reduced or
*set’ to two strokes to be gained, in order to winit. ‘The
term. .a dwe is still preserved in the French form @ deux,
corrupted in English into dence. 1882 Daily Tel. 18 July
2 game ran to 30 all, and then deuce was called twice.
1885 Pall Mall G. 12 May 11/r The concluding game was
so close that deuce and advantage were repeatedly called,
and the set more than once hung on a single difficult stroke.
+38. Mus. The interval ‘of a second. Obs. rare.
1829 R. H. Froupe Rem. (1838) 1. 237, I also can acknow-
ledge a discord in a deuce and a seventh.
4. slang. Twopence,
azjoo B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, A Duce, two Pence.
1851 Mayuew Lond. Labour I. 256 Give him a ‘deuce’ and
* stall him off’, ;
5. Comb, deuce-ace, two and one (i.e. a throw
that turns up deuce with one die and ace with the
other) ; hence, a poor throw, bad luck, mean estate,
the lower class (cf. Ger. das es, s.v. Daus in
Grimm); deuce-point, the second point from
either end of the board at backgammon.
1481 Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 47 He was a pylgrym of deux
aas [Fl. een pellegrvm van doys aes}. 1888 Suaxs. L.L.L.
1. ii. 4g You know how much the groase summe of deus-ace
amounts to.. Which the base vulgar call three. 1596 Gosson
in Hazl. £. P. P. IV. 254 Deuse-ace fals still to be their
chance. 1609 Ev. Woman in Hum. w. i. in Bullen O. PZ.
IV, Twere better, by thrice deuce-ace, in a weeke [etc.].
.1658 J. Jones Ovid's Ibis 75 Deuce Ace cannot pay scot
and lot, and Sice Sink-will not pay: Be it known toall, what
payments fall must light on Cater Tray [i.e. the middle
classes]. 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. W. ii, I threw deuce-ace five
times running. a6 C. Jones Hoyle's Games Impr. 179 Sup-
pose, that 14 of his Men are _ upon his Adversary’s
Ace Point, and one Man upon his Adversary’s Deuce Point.
1894 F. S. Evtis Reynard the Fox 336 That which is likened
to deuce ace Hath in esteem the lowest place.
Deuce? (dis). collog. or slang. Also 7 dewce,
7-8 deuse, 7-9 duce, 8 dewse, 9 dial. doose.
[Prob, from LG, in 17th. : cf.Ger. daus, LG. duns,
used in precisely the same way, in the exclamatory
der daus ! was der daus...! LG, de duus! wat
de duus | :
The derivation of German daus is disputed: but there is
reason to think that it is the same word as das daus = the
Deuce! at dice (where ‘two’ is the lowest and most unlucky
throw), the ears being changed when the gambler’s ex-
clamation of vexation ‘the deuce!’ was metamorphosed
into a personal expletive. A parallel development is known
in Danish where the plural sb. Jokker ‘pocks, pox’, has
come to be felt as a singular, and to be taken for ‘the devil’,
from its use in imprecations such as Gid pokker havde det!
Would that a pox had that !, Pokker staa i det! A pox on
that! Hvad i er det ? What the pox (devil) is that?
(See Pox.) (On other conjectural identifications see Rev.
A. L, Mayhew in Academy 30 Jan. 1892, p. 111.)]
a. Bad luck, plague, mischief; in imprecations
and exclamations, as a deuce on him! a deuce of
his cane! b. The personification or spirit of mis-
chief, the devil. Originally, in exclamatory and
interjectional phrases; often as a mere expression
of impatience or emphasis; as, what the (+ what a)
deuce ?, so, who, how, where, when the deuce?
(the) deuce take it !, the deuce is in it! Later, in
other phrases parallel to those under Devin; Zo
dlay the deuce (with), the deuce and all, the deuce to
pa, a deuce of a mess, etc, ,
In the quotations under @ (to which the earliest instances
belong), ‘plague’ or ‘ mischief’ is evidently the sense : cf.
the parallel and earlier ‘A mischief (a pox, or a plague) on
him!’ ‘ Mischief (or plague) take you!’ ‘What a mischief
(pox, plague)!’ This meaning is also possible in those under
13 cf. the parallel ‘What the mischief (or the plague)!’
But mischief was personified already before 1700, and ‘ the
Mischief’ was in the 18th c. a frequent euphemism for ‘ the
devil’ ; that dence was already taken in this sense in 1708 is
evident from Motteux’s use of it as=F. diantre, in b2. In
the other quotations in the same group, ‘deuce’ plainl
takes the place of ‘ devil’ in well-known phrases ; but suc!
clearly personified uses as ‘the deuce knows’, ‘to go to the
deuce’, appear late.
a. 165r RaNvotrn, etc. Hey for Honesty. i, But a deuce
on him, it does not seem so. 1677 Otway Cheats of Scapin
277
mt i, A dewce on’t. a1 Lp. Orrery Guzman 1, Who,
a duce, are those two fellows? 1708 Mrs, CeNTLIVRE
Busie Body (1732) 41 A Duce of his Cane! 1719 D’Urrey
Pills (1872) II. 66 A-duce take their chat! @xz72x Prior
Poems, Thief & Cordelier, What a duce dost thou ayl? 1796
Burns Let. to Cunningham 7 July, The deuce of the
matter is this; when an exciseman is off duty, his salary is
reduced,
bl. 1694 Concreve Double Dealer 1. i, The deuse take
me, if there were three good things said. 1726 Swirr 70 a
Lady, Duce isin you, Mr. Dean. 1757 SMotietr Reprisal
1. viii, What the deuce are you afraid of? 1776S. J. Pratr
Pupil of Pleasure 11. 34 How the duce came she to marry?
1826 Disrarii Viv. Grey v. xii, What the deuce is the
matter with the man? 1861 Hucues 7am Brown at Oxf.
iii. (1884) 28 How the deuce did you get by the lodge, Joe?
b*% 1708 Motreux Rabelais v. xix, The Dewse take ’em
(F. Mais guoy diantre 1); (they flatter the Devil here, and
smoothifie his Name, quoth Panurge). 1762 SteRNE 7”.
Shandy V. xxviii, There has been. .the deuce and all to do.
1763 Cotman Deuce 7s in Him Prol., If our author don’t
produce Some character that plays the deuce; If there’s no
frolick, sense, or whim, Retort ! and play the dev’! with him !
1793 Cowrer Let, Wks. 1837 XV. 250 If the critics still
grumble, I shall say the very deuce is in them. 1824 Byron
Fuan xv. lii, He had that kind of fame Which sometimes
plays the deuce with womankind, 1830 Lapy GranviL_e
Lett. 9 Nov. (1894) II. 65 An unpopular one..would have
been the deuce to pay. 1840 THackeray Catherine ii,
Love is a bodily infirmity .. which breaks out the deuce
knows how or why. 1848 Dickens Domébey ii, The child is
..Going to the Deuce. 1851 D. Mitcneiy Fresh Glean-
ings 19 Tearing away at a deuce of a pace. a 1860 G. P.
Morris Poems (ed. 15) 251 Here’ll be the deuce to pay !
1861 Dutton Cook P. Foster's D. iii. A gipsy, rollicking,
deuce-may-care sort of bird. 1862 THACKERAY Hour Georges
iv. 196 To lead him yet farther on the road to the deuce.
e. Asan expression of incredulous surprise; also,
as an emphatic negative, as in (the) deuce a bit !,
etc. (Cf plague, sorrow, devil, fiend.)
1710-11 Swirt Lett, (1767) III. 89 We were to dine at Mr.
Harley’s alone, about some business of importance. .but the
deuce a bit, the company staid, and more came. 1712
— Frnl. to Stella 22 Mar., The deuce he is! married to
that vengeance! 1728 Vanpr. & Cis. Prev. Husb. 1. i. 26
Man, He has carried his Election .. Z. 7vw. The Duce!
what! for—for—. 1774 Foote Cozeners u. Wks. 1799 IL.
171 Me? ha, ha, ha! the deuce a bit. 1789 Mrs. Prozzt
Journ. France Il, 26 At Florence and Milan, the deuce a
Neapolitan could he find. 1805 S. & Hr. Lee Canterb. T.
V. 56 The old lady glanced at her .. but deuce a bit did she
desire her to sit down, 1831 Z-vaminer 354/1 ‘Lord Eldon
was not one of those’. . The deuce he’s not!
Deuced (dizst, diz-séd), a. collog.or slang. Also
8 duced, 9 (Aumorously) doosed, doosid. [f.
Devcr 2 + -rp?; app. after ppl. adjs. like con-
Sounded, cursed, damned, etc.] Plaguy, confounded;
‘devilish’ ; expressing impatient dislike, or as a
mere emphatic expletive.
_ 1782 Mrs. E. Brower G. Batenran II. 215 Wife puts me
into sitch a duced passion sometimes. /d/d. III. 21 What
a duced pother thee art in, Captain! 1791 Map. D’ARBLAY
Diary 4 June, If it was not for that deuced tailor, I would
not stir, 1819 Byron ¥xax 1. clxvii, When we call our old
debts in At sixty years..And find a deuced balance with the
devil. 1876 F. E. Trottore Charming Fellow I. ii. 18
She’s a deuced deal cleverer than lots of men. 1887 Poor
Nellie 57 ‘Vhat’s why I came off in such a deuced hurry.
b. Often adverbially: = next.
1779 Mav. D’Arsiay Diary 20 Oct., A clever fellow. .got
a deuced good understanding. 1840 THackeray Bed/ord-
Row Consp. i, She’s a deuced fine woman! 1866 A. T’rot-
Lore Claverings xi, ‘Upon my word she’s a doosed good-
looking little thing’, said Archie. 188r Lapy Hersert
Edith 245 She's so deuced obstinate.
Deucedly (diz'sédli), adv. [f. prec. + -Ly 2.]
In a deuced manner ; plaguily, confoundedly; ex-
cessively.
1819 The Provincials 1. 17 Deucedly lucky. 1844 THack-
ERAY Little Travels i, Why people .. should get up so
deucedly early, 1884 E. L. Bynnerin Harfer's Mag. Aug.
467/x Bile does upset a man deucedly, :
+Deu-ding. Os. One of the appellations
anciently given to the hare.
1325 Names of Hare in Rel. Ant. I. 133 On oreisoun In
the worshipe of the hare. . The deudinge, the deu-hoppere.
Deue, obs. form of Dear (pl.), DEAVE.:
Deuedep, var. of Divepar, Ods.
Deuel, obs. form of Devin.
Deuel, deul, -e, obs. var. (assimilated to later
Fr.) of dle, DOLE, Doot, grief, mourning.
Deuers, obs. form of Divers, DiveRsE.
Deuice, deuis(s, obs. ff. DevicE, DEVISE.
Deuin(e, obs. form of Diving,
Deuis, obs. form of Deuce 1.
+ Deuit, pa. pple. Sc. Obs.
-ED.] Owed, due.
1587 Hoiinsuep Chron. II. Hist. Scot. 296/2 For deuit
& postponit justice to our lieges.
Deuitie, Deulie, obs. forms of Dury, Duty.
Deure, obs. form of Dear a.1, DEER.
+Deus. Ods. Also 5 dewes. [OF. deus, nom.
of deu God, in common use as an exclamation: cf.
Chanson de Roland xxv, ‘Dient Franceis: Deus!
que pourrat-ce estre?’ (Littré) ; Horne and Rimenh,
2848 ‘Ohi! deus’.]
The French interjectional deus !, ohi ! deus, God |,
ah God! occasionally retained in translation, or
ascribed to foreigners, fiends, etc., but not appa-
rently in native English use.
[f. dew, Dux + -2¢,
DEUTEROCANONICAL.
¢ 1300 Havelok 1930, and 2096‘ Deus !’ quoth ubbe, ‘ hwat
may pis be!’ Jéid. 1312, 1650, 2114. ¢1330 R. BruNNE
Chron. (1810) 254 Philip seysed Burdews, borgh Sir Edward
scrite, be tober, as so say deus! 3ald bam also tite. ¢1440
York Alyst, i. 92 Owe ! dewes ! all goes downe !
Deus(e, obs. forms of DEvcE.
+ Deusan, deuzan. O/s. Also dewsant,
dewzin, deux ans. [for F. deux ans two years.]
A kind of apple said to keep two years; = APPLE-
Joun.
1570 in Gutch Coé?. Cur. II. 8 For xx Dewsants. .viijd.
For xij Pippines..xij@. 1609 N. F. Frutterers’ Secr. 24
Especially Pippins, John Apples, or as some call them
Dewzins, 1620 VENNER Via Recta vii. 109 Such are our
Queene-apples .. and next our Rosiars, Pear-maines and
Pippins, Deusans, &c. 1635 QuaRLes Edd. v. Tis not
the lasting deuzan I require, Nor yet the red-cheek’d queen-
ing. 1741 Compl. Fam. Piece 1. iii. 377 Apples [June],
Oaken Pin, Deux Ans or John Apple.
Deusing: see Doustna, divining.
Deuteragonist (ditére-gonist). [ad. Gr.
devTepaywviorns one who plays the second part in
a drama, f. devrepo-s DEUTERO- second + dywmorns
combatant, actor.] The second actor or person
in a drama: distinguished from the protagonist.
1855 Lewes Goethe I. 1. viii. 290 In the first scene [of the
Prometheus] the protagonist would take Power and the
deuteragonist Vulcan. 1893 ZimmeRN /lome Life Anc.
Greeks xii. 422 The next [part] in importance—viz. the one
which was brought into the closest connection with the chief
person, fell to the deuteragonist.
+ Dewteral, a. Obs. rare. [f. Gr. devrep-os
second + -AL.] Of or pertaining to the second ;
second-class.
1656 Biount Glossogr., Denuteral, pertaining to a weak or
second sort of Wine, or to the second of any kind. Dr. Br.
Deu'tero-, before a vowel deuter-, a. Gr.
devtepo- combining form of devrepos second, as in
Sevrep-aywviorns one who plays second, devrepo-
vdmov second law. Hence in Eng. in DEvTER-
AGONIST, DeureRONoMY, and several words of
modern formation, as DEUTEROCANONICAL, etc.
Also Deu'terocol sonce-wd. [after protocol), a
second dispatch. Deu‘terodome (Crystallogr.),
a secondary dome. Deuteroge'nie a. [Gr. yévos
race], of secondary origin: in Geol. applied to the
rocks of secondary formation derived from the
primary or protogenic rocks. Deutero-Isaiah, a
second or later Isaiah; a later writer to whom c.
xl-Ixvi of the book of Isaiah are by some critics
attributed. Deuterome'sal a. “ntom. (Gr. péoos
middle}, applied to certain cells in the wings of
hymenopterous insects, now usually called the first
and third discoidal and first apical cells. Deutero-
Nicene a., belonging to the second Nicene council.
Deutero-Pauline, of or pertaining to a second or
later Paul, or later writer assuming the character
of St. Paul. Deutero'stoma J7o/. (Gr. ordpa
mouth], a secondary blastopore; hence Deutero-
sto'matous a., characterized by having a secondary
instead of a primary blastopore. Deuterosys-
tematic @., belonging to a secondary system.
Deuterozo‘oid (A7o/.),a secondary zooid, produced
by gemmation from a zooid.
1858 Hoce Life Shelley 1. 477 Diplomatic notes with-
out stint; protocols, deuterocols, and chiliostocols. 1878
Gurney Crystallog. 52 The latter [dome is] known as the
deuterodome. 1844 Moses Stuart O. 7. Canon iv. (1849)
1oz Did we know that such a person lived and wrote, we
might call him Deutero-Isaiah. 1891 Driver /ntrod. Lit.
O. Test. (ed. 2) 210 There are features in which it is in ad-
vance not merely of Isaiah, but even of Deutero-Isaiah.
1859 Lit. Churchman 43/1 The Deutero-Nicene defence of
images. 1885 tr. Pfleiderer’s fe hanee Paul Chr, vi. 256
The authors of the Deutero-Pauline and the Ignatian
Epistles. 1877 Huxtty Anat. Jnv. Anim. xii. 684 The re-
sulting organism would be a deuterostomatous gastrula.
1870 Rotteston Anim. Life Introd. 126 A sexual protozooid
has been observed to give origin by gemmation to a sexual
deuterozooid,
Deuterocanonical (di#térokangnikal), a.
[f mod.L. deutero-canonicus (used by Sixtus
Senensis 1566: see quot.); see DEUTERO- and
Canon, CANonIcaL.]
Of, pertaining to, or constituting a second or
secondary canon: opposed to protocanonical.
Applied historically to those books of the Scripture Canon
as defined by the Council of Trent which are regarded by
Roman Catholic divines as constituting a second Canon,
accepted later than the first, but now of equal authority.
In the Old Testament they include Esther and most of the
‘Apocrypha’ of English Bibles; in the New Testament
the Epistle to the Hebrews, the Epistles of James, 2nd of
Peter, 2nd and ard of John, Jude, and the Revelation, and
certain verses of Mark, Luke, and John.
[1566 A. F. Sixtus Senensis Bidd, Sanctat, § 1 (1575)
314 Canonici secundi ordinis (qui olim Ecclesiastici, voca-
bantur, nunc a nobis Deutero-canonici dicuntur) illi sunt,
de quibus, quia non statim sub ipsis Apostolorum tem-
poribus, sed longe post ad notitiam totius Ecclesiz per-
uenerunt, inter Catholicos fuit aliquando sententia anceps. ]
1684 N. S. Crit. Eng. Edit. Bible App.: 263 In the
other Classis he places those which he calls Deutero
Gc ical, or C ical of the d Order. 1727-5
Cuampers Cyc. s.v., The denterocanonical books are, with
them [Roman Catholics] as las the prot |
DEUTEROGAMIST.
1859 F. Hatt Vdsavadattd 11 Among orthodox records,
the deutero-canonical Revdmdhdimya .. consents to this
aberration. 1864 Pusey Lect. Daniel vi. 295 This describes
a portion of the deuterocanonical books of the Old Testa-
ment; books held in estimation among the Jews as well as
by Christians, but not received bythe Jews into their Canon.
1882 Farrar Larly Chr. I. 99 The holic Epistles . . re-
garded..as being at best deutero-canonical—authentic (if at
all) in a lower sense, and endowed with inferior authority.
1893 F. X. Rercuart Convert's Catech. iii. 12 This list in-
cludes the so-called deutero-canonical beoks of both Tes-
taments .. Deutero-canonical does not mean Afocryphal
but simply ‘ later added to the Canon’.
Deuterogamist (divtérp'gimist). [f. next +
meat | One who marries a second time, or who
upholds second marriages.
1766 Go.psm. Vic. W. xviii, He had published for me
gainst the Deuterogamists of the age.
Deuterogamy (di#téry-gami). [ad. Gr. dev-
T€poyapiasecond marriage, n. of state f. deurepoyapos
marrying a second time, f. DEUTERO- + yayos mar-
riage.] Marriage a second time; marriage after
the death of a first husband or wife.
1656 Biount Glossogr., Deuterogamy, second marriage, or
a repetition of it. 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. W.
. xiv, That un-
fortunate divine who has so long .. fought against the
deuterogamy of the age. 1869 Echo 7 Sept. 6/1 We do not
allow deuterogamy until the primal spouse is disposed of
by death or divorce.
Deuteronomic (di#térong'mik), a. [f. Dev-
TERONOMY (or its Gr. elements) +-1c.] Of or per-
taining to, or possessing the literary or theological
character of, the book of Deuteronomy.
1857 J. W. DonaLvson Chr. Orthodoxy 202 The Deutero-
nomic view of the matter was the only tradition .. at that
time, recognised as Mosaic and divine. 1867 Martineau tr.
Ewald’s [srael 1. 162 Sins against Jahveh, repentance, and
amendment, are the three pivots on which the Deutero- |
nomic scheme turns. 1882 Seetey Nat. Relig. 133 We have
even framed for ourselves a sort of Deuteronomic religion
which is a great comfort to us. 1891 Driver /atrod. Lit.
O. Test. (ed. 2) 180 Deuteronomic phraseology.
Deuterono'mical, a. [f. as prec. + -AL.]
= prec. ;
1533 More Let. to 7. Cromwell Wks. 1425/1 Concerning
the woordes in the law leuitycall and the lawe deutronomi-
call. 1681 H. More in Glanvill’s Sadducismus 1. Poster.
(1726) 20 This Deuteronomical List of abominable Names.
a Muvart in 19fh Cent. July 39 This is the second code,
nd is called the Deuteronomical Code, because it makes
up the bulk of the book of Deuteronomy.
Deutero‘nomist. [f.as prec. + -1s7.] The
writer of the book of Deuteronomy, or of the parts
of that book which do not consist of earlier docu-
ments.
1862 S. Davipson /utrod. to O. Test. 1. 370 The Deutero-
nomist's style is diffuse, and his language untike that of the
other writings traditionally ascribed to the same individual.
1 Martineau tr. Evwald's Israel 1.117 The work of an
author whom we may briefly call ‘the Deuteronomist’.
1882-3 Scuarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl. W1. 1792 The final
compiler is not to be identified with the Deuteronomist.
1888 CHEYNE Jeremiah 70 The Deuteronomist (if we may so |
for convenience term the author, or joint-authors, of the
original Deuteronomy).
Hence Deuteronomi'stic a., of the nature or
style of the writer of Deuteronomy.
1862 S. Davipson /ntrod. to O. Test. 1. 363 Let us now
compare the Deuteronomistic with the Jehovistic legisla-
tion. 1881 Ropertson Smitu O. 7. in Pewish Ch. (1892)
425 Judges, Samuel, and Kings, in the Deuteronomistic
redaction, 1888 Cueyne Yeremiah 71 A Deuteronomistic
writer composed Deut. i-iv. 40 as a link between his own
and the earlier work.
Deuteronomy (dimtérg:ndmi, did téronpmi).
Also 4-5 Deutronomye, -ie, 6 Deutronome.
~ eccl. L. Deuteronomium, a. Gr. Aevrepovdmor,
. Bevrepos second + vdpos law, etc.: in 13th c.
OF. deutri , F. deutér
The name is taken from the words of the LXX in Deut.
xvii. 18 7 dSevrepovom.oy tovro, a mistranslation of the
Heb. Ny ming nv mishnih hattirah haszbth
‘a copy or duplicate of this law’, for which the Vulgate has
Deuteronomium legis hujus.)
The name or title of the fifth book of the Penta-
teuch,-which contains a repetition, with parenetic
comments, of the Decalogue, and most of the laws
contained in Exodus xxi-xxiii, and xxxiy.
1388 Wyciir Prol. to Deut., In this book of Deutronomye
ben contened the wordis which Moises spak to al Israel.
Rubric. Here begynneth the bok of Deutronomie. 1549
Compl. Scott. (1872) 24 It is vrityne in the xxviii. of deutro-
nome, thir vordis. 1609 Biste (Douay) Deut. xvii. 18 He
shal copie to him selfe the Deuteronomie of this Law in a
volume. 1649 Ronerts Clavis Bibl. 63 Deuteronomie ..
Thus denominated by the Greek, because this book con-
taineth a Repetition of Gods Law given by Moses to Israel.
©1878 Helps to Study of Bible 17 Deuteronomy consists
mainly of three addresses by Moses to the people who had
been born in the wilderness, and had not hi the original
promulgation of the Law. 1891 Driver /ntrod. Lit. O.
Test, (ed, 2) 85 Deuteronomy may_be described as the _
phetic re-formulation, and ad jon to new needs, of an
older legislation.
b. transf.
1827 Souruey in Q. Rev, XXXVI. 306 A fourth volume,
containing her latter writings and certain new develope-
ments .. being the papers M. Genet speaks of as
a kind of Deuteronomy.
Pv
278
Deuteropathy (divtérp:papi). [f Devrero-
+ Gr, -1d0ea suffering: cf. -paTuy.]
1. a A being affected at second hand. Odés.
1647 H. More of Soul Notes 161/1 Deuteropathie,
sementens, is .! ing aes at second rebound, -
may so say. e see sunne not so proper!
sy’ pathi as d pathie. Jéid. 16 Bg eam
struck aloof of, I am sensible also of that but by circulation
or propagation of that impression into my eare; and this is
Deuteropathy, 1650 CHarLetron Par
also cannot but submit to compassion and deuteropathy:
or consequent upon another, that is, ‘where the
second part suffers from the influence of the part
originally affected’. Syd. Soc. Lex.
1651 Biccs New Disp. ? 248 Whether or no there be
a Deuteropathy or consent of the head with the so
wounded. [1657 G. Starkey //elmont’s Vind. 128 The Gout
properly .. is an Arthritical pain affecting the joynts im-
mediately, and some nerves sometimes by a Deuteropatheia. }
ay W. Simpson //ydrol. Chym. 88 Either by a deutero-
pathy. .or by an idiopathy. E
Hence Deuteropa'thic a., of or pertaining to
deuteropathy.
Deuteroscopy (divtérp'skdpi). [f. Deurero-
+ Gr. -oxonia, xoma look-out, watch, view.]
+1. The second view; that which is seen upon
a second view ; an ulterior meaning. Oés.
1646 Six T. Browne Pseud. Ef... iii. 9 Not attaining the
deuteroscopy and second intention of the words. 1650
Cuarteton Paradoxes 49 Truth itself interprets this. .text
literally, and without enfolding any mystery or deuteroscopy.
1656 BLount Glossogr., Deuteroscopy, the second end, aim,
or intention, a second consideration or thought.
2. ‘Second sight’ ; clairvoyance. rare.
1822 Scott Nige/ Introd. Ep., ‘The Highland seers, whom
their gift of deuteroscopy compels to witness things unmeet
for mortal eye.
Hence Deuterosco'pic a., of or pertaining to
second sight. ;
1841 Fraser's Mag. XXV. 270 The deuteroscopic, or
thanatomantic faculty.
+ Deuterosy. Obs. rare. [ad. Gr. devrépwors
repetition, iteration, a name of the Jewish tradi-
tions, The Gr. form also occurs.] A ‘ tradition
of the elders’ among the Jews.
a1641 Br. R. Mountacu Acts & Mon. (1642) 477 Those
Deuterosies, those Traditions of the Elders, and Additions
to the Law. 1650 J. Trarp Clavis Bible iii. 83 ‘The lews
have added their Deuteroseis.
Deutery, obs. var. of DEwrry Datura.
Deuto-, before a vowel deut-, a shortened form
of DEuTERO-, used
1. In Chemistry to distinguish the second in
order of the terms of any series. Thus Deut-
oxide, the second of the scries of oxides of
a metal, etc., that which comes next to the frof-
oxide, containing the next smallest quantity of
oxygen. So deut-iodide, deuto-bromide, deuto-car-
bonate, deuto-chloride, deuto-sulphide, etc. ‘The
prefix has sometimes been improperly used to in-
dicate the constitution of a compound, as compared
with that of the Arofo- or mono- compound of the
same series; but it is now obsolescent, being
usually replaced by such prefixes as sesyut-, di-,
iri-, etc., which properly indicate the constitution.
1810 Henry lem, Chem. (1826) 1, 263 Deutoxide or
Peroxide of Hydrogen. /éid. 310 This gas .. examined by
Dr. Priestly, and called by him x#frous air, a term after-
wards changed to nitrous gas, then to nitric oxide, and
more lately to deutpxide of azote, or dentoxide of nitrogen,
which last appears to be its most appropriate title, 1822
Imtson Sc. & Art II. 20 The smallest quantity of oxygen
forms the protoxide of the metal, the second quantity of
oxygen mates the deutoxide. 1854 J. Scorrern in Orr's
Circ. Sc. Chem. 489 Binoxide, sometimes called dentoxide
of copper (Cu Og). 1857 Buttock Caseaux’ Midwif. 7
Precipitated by the deuto-chloride of mercury. 1864 H.
Spencer /dlust. Univ. Progr. 40 Later in the Earth's
history, are the deutoxides, tritoxides, etc. 1864 — Biol.
I. 6 Deutoxide of nitrogen is a gas hitherto uncordensed.
2. In many terms of Ziology; as Deutence’-
phalon [Gr. éyxépados — the second of the
three primary cerebral vesicles of the embryo.
Hence Deutencepha'lic a. || Deutoma‘la L.
mala jaw), the second pair of jaws of the Myriapoda;
hence Deutoma‘lar a. Deuto'merite | Gr. u<pos
part], the second or posterior cell of a dicystid gre-
garine, as distinguished from the smaller anterior
cell or frotomerite. Dewtoplasm [Gr. mAdoya any-
thing formed }, term applied by Reichert to the food-
yolk of the mero-blastic egg, e.g. the yellow yolk
of a bird’s egg; also, the special form of protoplasm
which composes the ules seen in the centre of
the protamoeba (Syd. Soc. Lex.); hence Deuto-
pla‘smic, -pla‘stic a., of, pertaining to, or of the
nature of deutoplasm; Deu:toplasmi‘genous a.,
producing deutoplasm; Deutoplasmogen, that
which forms or is converted into deutoplasm.
Deutoscle'rous a. [oxAnpds hard), in deutosclerous
tissue, Laurent’s term for osseous tissue. Deuto-
sco'lex — worm], a secondary scolex, or
daughter-cyst of a scolex or cystic worm ; the cysti-
ye gi Se a, eS
DEVALL.
cercus of the 7eniz. Deutote'rgite [L. fergum
back], the second dorsal segment of the abdomen
of insects. Dento'vum [L. ] pl. -ova, a
secondary egg-cell, as contrasted with the protovum
or normal and usual egg-cell ; also called metovum,
and after-egg.
1881 Mivart Cat 358 The fore-brain, called also the
d hal Ss ick tr, Claus’ Zool. 1. 111 The
‘ contents of every egg consist..(1) Of a viscous albuminous
my
protoplasm ; and (2) of a fatty granular matter, the deuto-
pices or food yolk. 1886 Jone R. Microsc. Soc. Apr. 2:
n the young unfertilized ova a small ‘ “
larger ‘deutoplasmic’ portion are readily distinguished.
1881 Smithsonian Report 425 The development alike of ex-
cretory and deutoplasmi functions, at certain times of
the year, of the genital glands. E. R. Lankester
Adv, Science (1890) 265 The others disappear as deutoplas-
en or vitellogenous cells. 1877 Huxtey Amat. Juv.
Anim. vii. 383 The proper vitelline mem bursts into
two halves..and the deutovum emerges. 1881 Atheneum
31 Dec. 904/2 The occurrence of a deutovum stage in the
“e is led.
. In some other words; as Deutosystema‘tic
a., of or pertaining to a secondary system ; DevTERO-
SYSTEMATIC,
1878 Gurney Crystallogr. 72 The deutosystematic
which bisect the angles Saeed the inrethereeanat! p
Deutoxide: see Devro- 1.
Deutro, deutroa: see Dewrry.
|| Deutzia (di7tsia, doi'tsia), Bot. [mod. Bot.
L.; named in 1781 after J. Deutz of Amsterdam.]
A genus of shrubs (N.O. Saxi/ragacex), natives of
China and Japan, cultivated for the beauty of their
white flowers. ). gracilis is a well-known spring
flowerer.
Penny Cycl. VII. 444/2 Deutzia .. inhabiting the
north of India, China, and [ee 1880 Miss Birp Japan
I. 5 Deutzias with their graceful flowers, 1882 Garden
Ir Beb. 104/2 Where Deutzias are forced there will be a fine
crop of young shoots.
ux, deux ans: «ee Deuce !, Deusan.
|| Deux-temps (dé,tan). [F.; in full, valse a
deux temps \it. two-time waltz’.] A kind of waltz,
more rapid than the ordinary or trois-temps waltz,
the step consisting of two movements, a g/issade
and a chassé,
1860 A // Year Round No. 74. 568 O golden-haired, but yet
hungry heroine of a thousand deux-temps ! 1862 CaLVERLEY
Verses & 7'r. 17 But oh! in the deuxtemps peerless, Fleet of
foot, and soft of eye!
Deuyce, deuys(e, obs. ff. Device, Devise.
Deuzan, var. Devsan, Ods., a kind of apple.
Dev, variant of Div, a demon or evil spirit in
Persian mythology.
|| Deva (dé'-va). [Skr. déva a god, orig. ‘a bright
or shining one’ from. *dv- to shine.] A god, a di-
vinity; one of the good spirits of Hindu mythology.
1819 T. Hore Anast. (1820) IIL. x. 251 (Stanf.) A palace,
a mosque, and a bath, whose architecture, achieved as if
magic, seemed worthy of the Devas. Rs pe II. viii
157 (t6id.) By the Deva, who is enshrii in this temple !
1878 Max Mi.ver Orig. Relig. (1891) 280 When the poets
of the Veda address the mountains to protect them, when
they implore the rivers to yield them water, ay Be
_ of rivers and mountains as devas, but even then,
va would be more than bright, it would as yet be very
from anything we mean by divine. 1879 E. Arnoip Li.
Asia 1. 2 The Devas knew the signs, and said, ‘ Buddha will
o again to help the World’. 1888 Getpner in Zmeycl.
Brit XXIV. 821 In the older Rig-Veda..a god is en
of as déva, but not every is an asura... Asura is
ethically the hi conception, deva the lower: deva is the
vulgar notion of God, asura is ic.
attrib, and Comb, 1878 Have Keligion of Parsis (ed. 2)
287 A vital struggle between the professors of the Deva and
those of _ — religion. J The Deva-worshippers
+ y the Z 4
r
Devalgate (divelgét), a. rare-°. [ad. mod.
L. d&valgitus, f. valgus bow-] |
1851-60 Mayne Expos. Lex, having bowed
legs ; bandy-legged ; devalgate. 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex.
Devall (divj'l),v. Now only Sc. Forms: 5-6
deuale, 6 deuaill, dewall, 7-9 devall, 9 deval,
devaul, devawl. [a. F. ler, OF, devaler to
d d=Pr.devalar, davalar, \t. divallare:—Rom.
*devallare, f. L. Dg- 1. 1 down + vaillis valley: cf.
AvaLE v.] Hence Devalling vé/. sb. and pf/. a.
+1. intr. To move downwards, sink, fall, de-
scend, set (as the sun). Ods.
©1477 Caxton Yason 25 b, The sonne to deuale in to
the Weste, 1481 — A/yrr.u. ix, 88 He. .deualeth down into
the water, gor Dovotas Pad. Hon. 1. vi, Thy transitorie
plesince quhat auaillis? Now thair, now heir, now hi
now deuaillis. 1597 Montcomerie Cherrie % Slae 83, 1 saw
an river rin. . Dewalling and falling Into that pit, profound.
1632 Litucow 7'rav. 1x. ., The combustious deval-
ling of Aitnaes fire. Jdid. x. floods.
+ b. To lower the , Stoop. Obs.
1513 Douctas 4neis x. vii. 58 As onwar he stowpyt, and
devalyt. ‘
+e. To ios downwards : as a line or surface.
Litucow 7vav. v. 210 This Petrean Countrey..de-
valling even downe to the limits of Jacob's bridge. | /did.
. 365 The ..devalling faces of two hills. 1645 Siege of
Wewcaatle (tbs0 14 Aatiabes ef uarcow davilling iets.
+2. trans. To lower. Obs.
DEVANAGARI.
3. intr. To cease, stop, leave off. mod. Sc.
«1774 FerGusson Poems (1789) II. 99 (Jam.) Devall then,
Sirs, and never send For daintiths to regale a friend.
Gar Sir A, Wylie Il. x. 92 She ne’er devauls jeering me.
1827 Scott Let. 26 Apr. in Lockhart, I have not till to-day
devauled from my task, 1891 H. HaLtipurton Ochil Jdylls
20 Sair dings the rain upon the road, It dings,—an nae
devallin’ o’t, Spo .
Hence Devall sd. Sc., ‘a stop, cessation, inter-
mission’ (Jamieson).
1802 S1BBALD Gloss., Without devald, without ceasing.
i] gen (dé:va\na-garz),a.and sb. [Skr.,
Hindi, Marathi dévandgari (in Bengali devanagar),
a compound app. of Skr. déva god+ Nagari an
earlier or a more generic appellation of the same
alphabet ; lit. ‘ Nagari (? town-script) of the gods’.
Nagari is app. the fem. adj. meaning ‘ of the city or town,
urban, urbane, refined’ (sc. 7/6 writing, script), f. Skr.
nagara city. Its application to a particular written char-
acter can i traced back to the rth c., when Albiriini
mentions an alphabet called Niagara, and of a derivative
from it called Ardha-ndgari, i.e, ‘half-Nagari’. The
actual origin and history of the compound Déva-négari
has not been ascertained, any more than that of Nandz-
négari, applied to the South-Indian form of the Nagari.
It been noted that the terms déva-/ifi ‘writing of the
ods’, and méga-lipi ‘writing of the serpents’, occur sid
side in a list of 64 kinds of writing enumerated in the
Buddhistic Lalitavistara of the 7th c.; but whether these
terms have any connexion with déva-ndgari is unknown.
The 18th c. European scholars who adopted the word, have
variant forms from Bengali or other Indian vernaculars. ]
The distinctive name of the formal alphabet in
which, throughout northern, western and central
_ India, Cashmere, and Nepal, the Sanskrit fas, for
some centuries, been written, as are also the verna-
cular languages of those regions. Also called
simply Vagari, though the latter is often used in
a wider sense, to embrace various local forms taken
by the same original alphabet. Used both as aaj.
and absolutely as 5d.
1781 Sir C. Witkins in Asiatic Res. (2709) I, 294 It differs
but little from the Dewnagur. 1784 W. Cuamsers /bid.
I, 152 It resembles neither the Devya-ndgre nor any of the
various characters connected with. .it. 1785 Sir C. Witkins
(bid, 1. 279 In the modern Déwnagiar character. 1786 Sir
W. Jones /éid. 1. 423 The polished and elegant Dévanagari,
1789 /bid. I. 13 We may apply our present alphabet so..
as to equal the Dévandagari itself in precision and clearness.
x80r CoLEBRooKE /éid, eee VII. 224 foot-note, Pracrit
and Hindi books are commonly written in the Dévanagari.
1820 W. Yates Gram. Skr. Lang. vii, The character in which
Sunscrit works are ate" f printed is called Daivii-nagiiree.
1845 Srocqueter Handbk. Brit, India (1854) 55 The trans-
lation to be written .. both in Persian and Deva Nagree.
1876 7%mes 15 May (Stanf.), His alphabet was founded on
the Devanagari, which he accommodated to the needs of the
Tibetan tongue, 1879 BuRNELL S. /ndian Palwog. (ed. 2) 52
The South-Indian form of the Nagari character .. the Nan-
dinagart is directly derived from the N. Indian Devanagari
of about the eleventh century. 1886 EGcELinG in Excye.
Brit, XX1. 272/2 The character .. is the so-called Devana-
gart, or nagari (‘ town-script ’) of the gods.
Devance (diva'ns), v. [a. F. devancer to arrive
before, precede, outstrip, f. devant before, on the
model of avancer (ADVANCE). Became obs. early
in 17thc., but has been again used by some in the
1gth c.] ¢vans. To anticipate forestall; to Bet
ahead of; to outstrip.
1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. viii. 72 Olyuer whyche sawe the
stroke comyng deuaunced hym in such wyse that he gaf
two euyl strokes to Fyerabras, 1598 Barckuey Felic. Man
v. (1603) 489 In his owne conceit he lacketh so much as he
seeth himselfe devaunced by another that hath more. 1615
Trade's Incr. in Hart. Misc.(Malh.) 111.293 Our neighbours
[the Dutch]. .have devanced us so far in shipping. 1863 R. F.
Burton Adeokuta II. 72 So far from ‘caving in’, he de-
vanced me on one occasion, 1864 — Dahome Pref. 9 Com-
modore Wilmot, pcan g copon 4% Capt. Luce..de-
vanced me, 1880 Ginevra 86 My wish devanced the hour.
“| Catachrestic uses.
1646 J. Hatt Hore Vac. 123 Tis hard to keepe these two
equally ballanc’t, especially those that devance. 1653 —
Paradoxes 108 Some Crazy Phylosophers..have endea-
voured to devance them [women] from the same Species,
with men,
+ Deva'nt, devau'nt, adv. and sb. Obs. [a.
F. devant prep. and adv., before, in front, = Pr.
A, ; FP x Cak J, t, ey t, Tt. A, tt, iz
L, dé prep., from, of + late L. abante before: see
Avaunt adv.]
A. adv. Before, in front.
1609 Hottanp Amm. Marcell. xxv. vi. 270 His beard..
was shagged and rough, with a sharpe peake devant,
B. sd. Front; e.g. of the body or dress.
ane E. E. Witlis (1882) 19 A boorde clobe with .ij. towelles
of deuaunt of 00 sute. 1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. v. ii,
Come, sir, perfume my devant.
Devant, v. Ods.: see DEVAUNT,
+ Deva‘porate, v. Obs. [f.Dr-II.1 +L. vapor-
em vapour, after EvapoRATE.] a. ¢vans. To bring
out of the state of vapour; to condense. b. dntr,
To become condensed; or deprived of vapour.
Hence + Devapora‘tion.
1787 E. Darwin in Phil. Trans, LX XVIII. 49 The priva-
tion of heat may be esteemed the —— cause of devapora-
tion, /édid. 50 The deduction of a small quantity of heat
from a cloud or province of vapour .. will devaporate the
whole. /éid. 52 The air. .by its expansion produces cold and
devaporates. 1789 dun. Keg, 127 The vapour, .is brought
279
to the summit of mountains by the atmosphere, and being
there devaporated slides down between the strata.
Deva'st, v. Now vare. [a. F. dévaster (1499
in Hatzf.-Darm.), ad. L. dévastdre to lay waste,
f. Dr- I. 1,3 + vastare to lay waste, vastus waste.
Frequent in 17th c.; not recognized by Johnson,
and said by Todd to be ‘not now in use’; but
occurring in end of 19th c.]_ ¢rans, To lay waste,
DEVASTATE.
1537 St. Papers Hen. VITT, 1. 553 The yere soo ferre
spent, and the countrey soo devasted. 1613 Heywoop Silver
Age i. i, An uncouth, savage boar Devasts the fertile
plains of Thessaly. @1751 BotincBroke Study of Hist. vi,
‘The thirty years war that devasted Germany. 1887 Voice
(N. Y.) 13 Jan. 5 A statute..which, in prohibiting an in-
jurious business, devasts property previously existing. 1890
W. F. Rat Maygrove III. vii. 254 The mountain slopes
have been devasted by lava.
absol. 1652 GauLtE Magastrom. 6 To devast according
to the predictions of vain humane art.
+b. To waste (time, etc.). Obs. rave.
1632 Lirucow 7rav. 1. 44 After my returne from Padua to
Venice and 24 days attendance devasted there for passage.
Hence Deva‘sted, Deva‘sting ///. ads.
1632 Litucow 7rav. v. 214 Time..running all things to
devasted desolation. 1659 T. Pecke Parnassi Puerp. 39
Love prudent Laws; devasting Arms neglect. 1789 [see
Devaster].
Devastate (de'vaste't), v. [f. L. dévastat- ppl.
stem of dévastare (see DEvast). Used by Sir T.
Herbert and in Bailey 1727, but not recognized by
Johnson 1755, and app. not in common use till the
1gthe.] trans. To lay waste, ravage, waste, render
desolate.
1638 Sir T. Hersert 7 vrav. (ed. 2) 77 Jangheer..subjects
Berar, and devastates the Decan Empire unto Kerky.
1727 Baitey vol. II, Yo Devastate, to lay waste, to spoil.
{Omitted in ed. 2, 1731, and not in Folio 1730.] 1818
Topp s.v. Devast, Not now in use. But devastate supplies
its place. 1842 Macautay Fredk. Gt. Ess. (1854) 683/2
A succession of cruel wars had devastated Europe. 1847
Emerson Poems, Blight Wks.(Bohn) I. 483 We invade them
impiously for gain; We devastate them unreligiously. 1874
Green Short Hist. v. § 4. 241 [Black Death] devastating
Europe from the shores of the Mediterranean to the Baltic.
1856 Dove Logic Chr. Faith v.i. § 2. 293 Kant come
letely devastates the cobwebs and sophistries. 1864 Loncr.
a Life (1891) III. 3x Went to town, which devastated the
lay.
Hence De-vastated, De*vastating f//. adjs.
1634 Sir T. Herpert 7rav. 81 Those devastating and.
mercilesse Infidels. 1813 SHELLEY Queen Maé ww, 112 The
bloodiest scourge Of devastated earth. 1815 — A dastor 613
Thou, colossal Skeleton, that .. In thy devastating omnipo-
tence Art king of this frail world, a@1859 Macautay Hist.
Eng. V.105 An exhausting and devastating struggle of nine
years. . A
Devastation (devastéi:fon). [prob. a. F. dé-
vastation, n. of action f. dévaster, and L. dévastare,
used in 1502, but not in Cotgr. 1611 ; Florio, 1599
and 1611, has It. devastatione, ‘ a wasting, spoiling,
desolation, or destruction’.] The action of de-
vastating, or condition of being devastated ; laying
waste ; wide-spread destruction ; ravages.
1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 1190 The ruine and devas-
tiation [sic] of so many .. great cities. 1677 Hate Prim.
Orig. Man. 1. ix. 213 The great Devastations made by the
Plague..in Forein Parts. 1770 Gotpsm. Des. Vill. 395
E’en now the devastation is begun And half the business of
destruction done. 1794 Mrs. Rapciirre Myst. Udolpho xv,
Over the beautiful plains of this country the devastations of
war were frequently visible. 1809-10 CoLerIDGE Friend
(1865) 72 Devastation is incomparably an easier work than
production. gi Hoxtey Physiogr. 188 The terrible devas-
tation wrought by the great tidal wave which followed the
quake at Lima.
b. Law, (See quot. 1848.)
1670 Brount Law Dict. s.v. Devastaverunt, The orderly
payment of Debts and Legacies by Executors, so as to
escape a Devastation, or charging their own Goods. 1848
Wuarton Law Lex., Devastavit, a devastation or waste of
the property of a deceased person by an executor or adminis-
trator being extravagant or misapplying the assets.
Devastative (de-visteitiv), a. [f. L. dévastat-
ppl. stem (see above) +-IvE.] Having the quality
of devastating ; wasting, ravaging.
1802 Triads of Bardism in Southey Madoc 1. § 2 (note)
To collect power towards subduing the adverse, and the
devastative. 1839 CartyLe Chartism v. (1858) 24 Devas-
tative, like the whirlwind. 1884 J. G. Pyte in Harfer’s
Mag. Sept. 619/2 The devastative power of floods.
Devastator (devisteltor). [a. late L. dé-
vastator (Cassiodorus), agent-n. from dévastare to
devastate.] He who or that which devastates ;
a waster, ravager.
1818 E. Buaguiere tr. Pananti’s Algiers vi. 136 All is to
no purpose with these devastators. 1829 LaNpor /mag.
Conv. (1846) II. 6/1 This devastator of vines and olives. 1855
Macautay Hist. Eng. Ill. 437 He marched the
|
|
|
DEVELOP.
come, etc.]_ 1651 in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1883) 1. 176
The Sheriffe shall be solizited for a Devastavit. 1729 GiLEs
Jacos Law Dict. s.v.. His Executor or Administrator is
made liable to a devastavit, by Stat. 4& 5 W. & M.c. 24.
1817 W. Setwyn Law Wisi Prius (ed. 4) II. 743 A writ of
Ji. fa. having been sued out on the judgment, to which the
sheriff had returned a devastavit.
b. The offence of such waste or misapplication.
1729 Gites Jacos Law Dict. s. v., Where an executor, &c.
payeth legacies before debts, and hath not sufficient to pay
both, ’tis a devastavit. Also where an Executor sells the
Testator’s Goods at an Underyalue, it isa Devastavit. 1893
Romer in Law Times XCV. 54/2 The rule that an executor
who pays a statute-barred debt is not thereby committing
a devastavit.
Deva'ster. rare. [f. Devastr v. + -ER1.] =De-
VASTATOR,
1789 Mrs. Piozzi Yourn. France 1. 127 In eight hours no
trace was left either of the devasters or devasted.
[Devastion, Devastitation, Devastor,
errors for DEVASTATION, DEVASTATOR, in some
editions and Dicts.] :
+ Devau'nt, v. Ods. [app. a. OF. desvanter
to vaunt excessively, make one’s boast, f. des-, L. d/s-
+ vanter to vaunt, boast.] To vaunt, boast.
c 1540 Surr. Northampton Priory in Prance Addit. Narr.
Pop. Plot 36 ‘Yo the most notable slaunder of Christs Holy
Evangely, which..wee did ostentate and openly devant to
keepe most exactly. [1655 quoted by Futter Ch, Hist.
vi. 320 with spelling devaunt, mod. ed. advaunte.|
Deve, obs. f. DEAVE v. to deafen and of Dive v.
+ Deverction. Obs. rare—°, [n. of action from
L. dévehére to carry down.]
1656 Biount Glossogr., Devection, a carrying away or
down.
Deveer, obs. form of Devorr, duty.
Deverhent, a. [ad. L. dévehent-em, pr. pple.
of dévehére to carry down.] (See quot.)
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Devehent, carrying away, efferent.
Devel (de'v'l), 5d. Sc. Also devvel, devle,
[Derivation unknown.] A severe or stunning blow.
Hence De'vel v., to strike or knock down with
a stunning blow; De-veller, a boxer; also ‘a dex-
trous young fellow’ (Jamieson).
1786 Burns Zam Samson's Elegy iii, Death’s gien the
Lodge an unco devel, Tam Samson’s dead. 1807 TANNa-
HILL Poems 116 (Jam.) Guile soud be devel’d i’ the dirt.
1816 Scotr Antig. xxv, Ae gude downright devvel will
split it. E
+ De'veling, adv. Ols. Also 3 duvelunge.
[f. deve, deve, Dive v. + -LING.] Headlong, as
with a dive.
az225 Fuliana77 Ha beide hire & beah duuelunge adun.
a1225 St. Marher.20 Ant te meiden duuelunge feol dun to
pe eorde, c1320 Sir Benes 648 Into his chaumber he gan
gon, and leide him deueling on be grounde. ¢1330 Arth.
& Merl. 7762 (Matz.) Mani threwe doun deueling mht.
Develop (d/ve'lép), v. Also 7 devellop, vi
develope. [a. F. développe-r, OF. (12-13th c.)
desvoleper, -volosper, -voloper, 14th c. desyelopper
(whence an earlier Eng. form DIsvELOP), = Pry &s-
volopar, -volupar, It. sviluppare ‘to unwrap, to
disentangle, to rid free’ (Florio), f. des-, L. dis- +
the Rom. verb which appears in mod.It. as
viluppare ‘to enwrap, to bundle, to folde, to roll
up, to entangle, to trusse up, to heape up’, vz/eppo
‘an enwrapping, a bundle, a fardle,\q trusse, an
-enfolding’ (Florie).
The oldest form’ o6 the radical appears to have been
(votupare, volopare; its terivation is uncertain: see also
ENvELop.] :
+1. ¢vans. To unfold, unroll (anything folded or
rolled up); to unfurl (a banner); to opgn out of
its enfolding cover. Ods. (in general man
1592-161r-[see Disvetor]. 1656 BLounr Glossogr., De-
veloped (Fr. desvelopé), unwrapped, unfolded, undone, dis-
plaied, opened. Ed, 1670 [adds] It is the proper term for
spreading or displaying an Ensign in war. 1692 Cotes,
Developed, unfolded. 1730-6 Battey (folio), Developed,
unwrapped, unfolded, opened. 1775 Asn, Developed, dis-
entangled, disengaged, cleared from its covering. 1794
Miss Gunnine /acket I. 32, I must suppose he returned to
the contents of the packet in the same hurry of spirits with
which he first developed them. 1814 Mrs. JANE West
Alicia de Lacy 111. 94 The red rose banner was developed
in front of the Lancasterian army. 1868 Cussans Her. xx.
- 263 So depicted on the Standard as to appear correct when
it was developed by the wind.
b. Geom. To flatten out (a curved surface, e.g.
that of a cylinder or cone) as it were by unrolling
it; also, in wider sense, to change the form of (a
surface) by bending. See DEVELOPABLE b.
1879 Tuomson & Tair Nat. Phil. 1.1. § 139 The process
of changing the form of a.surface by bending is called
‘developing’. But the term ‘Developable Surface’ is
devastators of the Palatinate.
|| Devastavit (divestz-vit). Zaw. [L. dévas-
tavit he has wasted, 3rd sing. perf. of dévastare: see
Devastate.] A writ that lies against an executor
or administrator for waste or misapplication of the
testator’s estate.
{1579 Rastett Exp. termes lawes, Deuastauerunt bona
testatoris, is when Executours wyl deliuer the legacyes that
their Testatour hath geeuen, or make restytutyon Yor wronges
done by him, or pay hys det due vpon contracts or other
detes vpon specialties, whose dayes of paymentes are not yet
© ly restricted to such inextensible surfaces as can be
developed into a plane, or, in common language, ‘smoothed
flat’.
+2." To lay open by removal of that which enfolds
(in a fig. sense), to unveil; to unfold (a tale, the
meaning of a thing) ; to disclose, reveal. Ods. (exc.
as passing into 3.)
1742 Pore Dunc. 1v. 269 Then take him to devellop, if you
can, And hew the Block off, and get out the Man. 1756
Monitor No. 35 Flattering his sagacity in developin
concealed meaning. 1789 T. Jerrerson Writ, (1859) II.
554 To appeal to the nation, and to develop to it the ruin of
DEVELOP,
1770 C, JENNER Placid Man 1. 53 This circumstance was
of singular use e) me in helping me to develope her real
character. 1785 Mrs. A. M. Bennerr Yuvenile Indiscre-
tions (1786) 1. 172 No great netration was uired to
develope the writer of this frien ly billet, 1787 Ann Hitpitcu
Rosa de Montmorien 1.74 His principles were unimpeached,
because none could ever develope their, real tendency. 1796
J: Moser Hermit of emg Le 27 * ‘Here,’ said smael,
is a recess which I hope to lop'd.’
1802 tr. A. La Fontaine's 71 Rabe
men whose real characters you will find it difficult, some-
times impossible, to develop. 1822 Mrs. E. Natuan Lang-
veath 1. 202 He did not possess the tact of developing in an
instant the weakness of the human heart.
+c. To unroll or open up that which enfolds,
aca or conceals. Ods.
Sylph 1. 192 Nor will the signature contribute to
deve 0) the cloud behind which I chuse to conceal myself.
Ibid. ti. 41 If he should have .. developed the thin veil
I spread over the feelings I have laboured .. to overcome.
1785 Mrs. A. M. Bennett Juvenile [ndiscretions (1786) 111.
4t Nor is it necessary they should have the rise of de-
veloping the obscurity of my character.
3. To unfold more fully, bring out all that is
potentially contained in,
1750 Warsurton Fulian Wks. 1811 VIII. xxviii, To
instruct us in the history of the human mind, and to assist
us in developing its faculties. 1790 Sir J. Reysotps Disc.
xv, To develope the latent excellencies. .of our art. 1827
Hare Guesses (1859) 285 One may develope an idea .. But
one cannot add to it, least of all in another age. 1864
Bowen Logic ix. 268 To ascertain, develop, and illustrate
his meanin 1873 M. Arnotp Lit. & Dogma v. (1876) 129
Learned re igion elucidates and developes the relation of
the Son to the Father, 1885 Manch. Exam, 10 July 5/3 The
trade might be developed to almost any extent. 1890 Sir
R. Romer in Law 7imes’ Rep. LXIII. 685/2 For working
and developing the property to the best advantage.
b. Mil. To open gradually (an attack).
= Stevenson 7'reas. Js/. 1v, xxi, The attack would be
developed from the north.
ce. Mus. See DEVELOPMENT Io.
1880 STaInER Composition ix. § 161 A melody is rarely de-
veloped without frequent changes of key, or of harmony.
Jbid. § 162 A fragment of melody is said to be developed
when its outline is altered and expanded so as to create new
interest. /did., Exercises. Develope by various methods
the following subjects, as if portions of a Pianoforte Sonata.
4. Math. To change a mathematical function or
expression into another of equivalent value or
meaning and of more expanded form ; es. to ex-
pand into the form ofa series. *
ag 1 E. Otnev /nfinit. Calc. 67 It is proposed to discover
the law of development, when the function can be developed
in the form y =/(2) = A+ Bx+C 229+ D25+£at+etc.
5. To bring forth from a latent or elementary
condition (a physical agent or condition of matter) ;
to make manifest what already existed under some
other form or condition.
1813 Sin H. Davy Agric. Chem, (1814) 66 Acids are
generally developed. 1831 Brewster Oftics vii. 73 Such
a white light I have succeeded in developing. 1834 Mrs.
SomERVILLE Connex, I'hys. Sc. xxx. (1849) 350 The same me-
chanical means which develope magnetism will also destroy
it. 1839 G. Biro Nat, hil, 279 This mode of developing
electricity was discovered. . by Prof. Seebeck. 1842 Grove
Corr. Phys. Forces 59 Heat is developed in some jon
to the disappearance of light. 1860 Tynpa.t Glac, 1. xx.
144 We thus develop both attraction and repulsion.
b. LPhotogr. To bring out and render visible (the
latent image produced by actinic action upon the
sensitive surface) ; to apply to (the plate or film) the
chemical treatment by which this is effected. Also
absol,
‘1. 153 To live amidst
1845 Atheneum 22 Feb. 203/1 It is evident then, that all ;
bodies are capable of aye i disturbance, and might
be used for the production of pictures—did we know of eas
methods by which the pictures might be devel Ibid,
14 June 593/1 ‘The paper used by Mr. Fox T: bot is the
iodide o! Hs ver, and the picture is developed by the action
of gallic acid. 1859 Jeruson & Reeve Brittany 48 He
went to and fro to develope the plates and prepare new
ones, 1861 Photogr. yin Alm, in Cire. o . 160/2 The
plate can be developed for hours or days. Warts
Dict. Chem, 11. 693 In order to develop the latent image,
the Degen anerre ee, was exposed to the action of
the vapour of Tristram Moaé xi, 203 All
our phot thang shaved ‘ail angel an accident before they
were developed, 1876 CuaMBers Astron. 75 I prefer
to develope with an oh niet 1893 Asney Photogr. i.
(ed. 8) 3.
ce. fade. for reft.
1861 Photogr. News Alm. in Circ. Se. 1. 160/1 A plate
well washed. .developes than one hed insuffi-
ciently,
6. ¢rans. To cause to grow (what exists in the
germ). a, Said of an organ or organism.
1857 Henrrey Zot, § 40 In the Banyan tree recon
roots are — developed on the ee ee
branches, 1863 Huxtey Man's Place wae
floor of which a notochord is developed.
Reign Law ii. (ed. 4) 106 They grow, or, in anticn phrase-
olo; ; are developed, a 1871 1871 Grore Eth, Fragm. i
1876) thical sentiment tends to develop the benevolent
Uepuines. 1878 Brownina Poets Croisic 19 We need
benevolence Of nature's sunshine to develop seed So well.”
In ‘the
280
b. Said of a series of organisms showin ~
gression from a simpler or lower to a hig!
more complex ; to evolve,
1839 Penny Cycl. III. 281 He [Lamarck] supposed that
all organized beings, from the lowest to the highest forms,
were ‘ively developed from fan ponents on
particles. This may be called the theory of
1857 H. Miter Test. Rocks v.200 The Lamarckian nlizms
that all our recent species of plants and animals were
developed out of previously existing plants and animals of
species entirely different. 1880 HauGuton Phys. Geog. vi.
273 Forces have been at work, developing in each great
continent animal forms peculiar to itself.
. transf. To evolve (as a product) from pre-
existing materials; to cause to grow or come into
active existence or operation,
1820 Suettey Witch of Atlas xxxvi, In its growth It
d to have developed no defect Of either sex.
Hr. Martineau A/ora/ 1, 5 Fresh_powers .. which .
velop further resources, 184 i MERSON Ess., Politics
Wks. (Bohn) I, 242 Wild liberty developes iron conscience.
Want of liberty. .stupefies conscience. 1847 — Kepr, Men,
Napoleon ibi L The times .. and his early circum-
stances combined to develop this pattern democrat. 1866
Rocers Agric. § Prices 1. xxiii. 601 In the hope that a new
set of customers might be develo 1868 Bain Ment. &
Mor. Sc. Ethics (1875) 630 The situations of different ages
and countries develop characteristic qualities.
b. To exhibit or display in a well-formed con-
dition or in active operation.
1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales II. 180 His organ of
veneration was strongly developed. 1874 Hers Soc. Press.
iv. 63 It is astonishing what ambulatory powers he can
develop. La oe Hux ey Physiogr. 169 The hardest rocks of
Britain are eloped in the western and northern parts
of the island. 1885 Manch. Exam. 6 Apr. 5/3 Indignant
jurymen have recently cas ay a quite unusual tendency
es letters to the news,
8. ref. To unfold itself, come gradually into
existence or operation.
1793 W. Roserts Looker-on (1794) III. No. 67. 36 This
prominent part of their character os an to develope itself.
1830 D'Israeui Chas. J, III. ii. 16 The faculties of Charles
developed themselves. 1841 Trencu Parables, Tares a We
learn that evil .. is ever to develop itself more fully. 7
L. Hu: ab fed Honey x. (1848) B48) 132 ew beauties sadeninive y |
USK!
developed themselves. 1860 in Mod. Paint. V. vu.
iii. § 8. 130 The quiet, thoroughly defined, infinitely divided
and modelled pyramid [of cloud] never develops itself. 1875 |
Bucxtanp Log-bk. 276 A serious fault had developed it
1879 McCartuy Own Times II. xxii. 122 Our constitutional
system grows and developes itself year after year,
9. intr. (for refl.) To unfold itself, grow from a
germ or rudimentarycondition; to growintoa fuller,
higher, or maturer condition.
1843 Soutney /nuscriptions xxxv, How differently Did
the two spirits..Develope in that awful element. 1845 J.
H. Newman Ess, Developm. t. i. (1846) 37 An idea. .cannot
develope at all except either by destroying, or modifying
and incorporating with itself, existing modes of thin ing
and acting. 1859 KincsLey Misc., Swift & Pope (1860) I
285 The man..goes on. . developing almost unconsciously.
1874 Green Short Hist. vii. § 5. 387 London developed into
the general mart of Europe. 1880 MeCartuy Own Times
IV. liv. 179 It seems certainly destined to develope rather
than fade. 1884 L. Mater M/7s. Lorimer 11 Such women
..do not develop very early either spiritually or mentally.
b. Of diseases: To advance from the latent stage
which follows the introduction of the germs, to
that in which the morbid action manifests itself.
a Law Times XCII. 131/2 The time swine fever takes
to develop.
Hence igh ode ppl. a., Developing vd/. sb.
and oot a
LouNt G. lossogr., Developed (see x above}. 1775 —
Develo, ing, disentangling, disengaging, uncovering.
Mut Liberty iii. (1865) 37/2 To show, that these doves
human beings are of some use to the undeveloped. 1861
Photogr. News Alm. in Circ. Sc. 1. 160/1 Take a sufficient
uantity of the..developing solution. ¢ 1865 J. Wytpe in
Circ. Sc. I. 148/2 ‘The result of developing depends..on the
strength of the silver solution. 1879 A thenarum 83/2 osh thovsiep.
ing animals may at any ¢ in embryonic history
more or less profoundly modified. 1880 A, Witson in Gen?t/.
Mag. CCXLVI. 45 It..might be —— as a developing
snail. 1882 Tynpauw in Z The photo-
. grapher. . illuminates his developing room Nah light trans-
mitted through red or yellow oiean:
Developable (divelépab’l), a. and sd, [f.
prec. vb. + -ABLE: in mod.F. développadle.]
= adj. Capable of being developed or of de-
veloping
soe Ri F. Witson in Newman's Lett. (1891) I. W Prin-
ciples .. only developable under one form, ILKINS
bloat Names Bible 360 Itis the nature of s bolical names
Ww tye re A: po ny ture,
HITNEY a i. i ui
irs, Wa into a a ma of “- 1879
Jevons in Contemp. Rev. Nov. 537 It now becomes a
moving and developable moral sense.
b. Math, (a) Of a function or expression ; Cap-
able of being expanded. (4) Of a curved surface:
Capable of being unfolded or flattened out: (see
DEVELOP vz. I b).
1816 tr. Lacroix’ Diff. & Int. Cale. 479 at ba be a func-
tion of A developable in a series of powers of A. .then [etc.].
1840 LarpNer Geom, 247 Two developable surfaces will
intersect in a right line, £ the right lines, by the motion of
which they are generated, coincide in any one position.
1865 Avvis S. Geom. ix. § 146 Ruled Gatlicas in which
comes gemuieg 5 lines he in one are called
developable surfaces, while all other ru! surfaces are
Called-ste skew surfaces, 1866 § Paoctox flandbb. Stars 16 note,
ee ge
DEVELOPMENT.
gf. 9 Wobe.om ant
In +. even such narrow
and the chord sod ares five degres
wb. (Math) A. dev
— (Math.) A developable surface ; a ruled
surface in which consecutive generators intersect.
1874 SaLmon Geom. three Dimens. § Pit
rnc og: -which i ‘called. the-cuteitill Sian ot
in is a curve. is
that developable,
Deve (dive'lépas), v.
He who or that which develops.
ree HEWELL in Todhunter Acc. Whewell's Writ. . (1876)
IL thet yon ee ee ee injustice
Fasen Lett,
dev ‘Adoration of the
Host from the unestablished doctrine of Transubstantiation.
1850 Maurice Mor. §& Met. Philos, (ed. 2) 85 Developers
of a certain set of theories about gods, men, and nature.
icago Advance 4 Jan., The home is the great de-
r of individuality and character.
b. Photogr. A chemical agent by which photo-
graphs are develo
boar Eng. Mech. ae Dec. 281/3 peion s
of t Pp
can dipsten to oak equally ell typ Cass These
Educ. 1V. 323/2 The iron developer and pregalt : peg
solution for intensifying. 1890 Asney Photogr. (ed. 6)
The che agents which are utilized in order to
the development of the latent image to take place..
technically called developers, a term which, critically ake
ing, isa , as in the ity of cases the part they
play is a secondary one.
Deverlopist. nonce-word. [f. as prec. + -I8T.]
ger evolutionist.
H. Srrickanp Travel Thoughts 12 You are a Ves-
tiges of Creation developist, and think that a Frenchman
may, by cultivation, be developed into an Englishman.
Development (<d/ve'lépmént). Also 8-9 de-
velope-. [f. DEVELOP v. + -MENT, after F. déve-
loppement, in 15th c. desv-.] The process or fact
of placa at ae the concrete result of this pro-
[f. as prec. + -ER.]
g% A gradual unfolding, a bringing into fuller
view ; a fuller iiclanna working out of the de-
tails of anything, as a plan, a scheme, the plot of
anovel, Also quasi-concr. icine in which the fuller
unfolding is embodied or realized.
(1752 Cuesterr. Lett. pon pes ple III, 263 A développe-
ment Lhe must prove fatal to R pretensions.]
1788 J J. Warton £ss. Pope 1. 49 -) These pedis new on
homson .. might still be aug:
saree | of the b in the loves of the birds, in
Spring; a view of the torrid zone in Summer ; A sed. a7
Sterne 77, Shandy I. xiii. (R.\, A map .. with
pieces and developements of this work will be to the
end of the beim volume. 1786 Francis the Philan-
thropist 1. Congratulations ., on the developement, so
= to his onour, of this intricate and confused affair.
851 Giapstone Glean. IV. v. 5 Essential to the entire
deve ment of my case.
volution or bringing out from a latent or
Bre condition ; the production of a natural
force, energy, or new "form of matter.
1794 Sutiivan View Nat. |. 176 How slowis the develope-
ment of heat. E. V. Neate Anal. Scalp ths tee 214
The development discernible in nature, is
to light a new manifestation of forces alread "existing, wit
the’same characters, under somie other manifestation.
Eire ileal Pokey od dee. ri which illu
the development of heat by mechanical means.
3. aad growth and “unfolding of wha what is in the
; the condition of that which is developed :
a. Sof. organs and organisms.
79s Jerresom ¥ Bi beer ey pony I. 92 The -
nt and f fe ue. a f Ty . Davy
ak Chem. (8% (1814) | 213 various stages
ment and decay of t their organs, _ 3835 Tier fi os Entomol.
Let. iii, The of i -Strictly,
ht
rather to be termed a series of devel Da
Zooph, (1848) 686 The latter also differ i a their modes of
developement. 1862 Six B, Bronte Psychol. Ing. 11. i. 5
Watching the development of bene and 1875 Ben-
nett & tr. Sachs’ Bot, As the development pro-
the cells .. become tiated. a
Anat. Inv. Anim. iii, 111 The develo}
has been carefully investigated. the, Bape sy
Geng. x6 Some are now in thet infancy; others inthe i]
of their d
b. Of races of p tsand animals: The same as
Evouvrion ; the evoluti: process and its result.
Development theory or h Papen (eee) the doc-
trine of Evolution; applied especially to a form
of the Bu e ht by Arr ee ite i
HAM: estiges reation 191 (
heats of the Development of the ¥
nal physical circumstances to resulting animals
are a riate. ‘ag He Mitcen 5 ery Creat. x 870)
243 The development vi of the 185 . F.
Ricnarpson /ntrod. Geol. 306 The of progressive de-
ent receives no su) from the facts unfolded
the history of fosall reptiles, 1866 Arcyit Reign Law
(ed. 4) 32 All theories tt have been simply
attempts to +. the ph process by
which, this continuity of t and pattern has
I. x Its various
may be pellets nig | or
tcome of previous history. Srewart & Tait
Unseen Univ. iv. § pecan fel, to eternity and
development to
DEVELOPMENT.
ce. The bringing out of the latent capabilities (of
anything) ; the fuller expansion (of any principle
or activity).
a R. W. Date Few. Temp. xii. (1877) 131 A promise
the final developement and fulness of which we are still
waiting for. 1874 Green Short Hist. v. § 2. 225 A yet
larger development of their powers was offered to the Com-
mons by Edward himself. /éd. ix. 697 A mightier and
more rapid development of national energy. 1878 Lecxy
Eng. in 18th C. Il. v. 50 The real development of Scotch
industry dates from the Union of 1707. 1879 Luspock Addr.
Pol. & Educ. iv. 85 Natural science, as a study is perhaps
the first in development of our powers. 1879 Cassedl’s Techn.
Educ, 1V. 34/2 This extraordinary development of the iron
manufacture,
4. Gradual advancement through progressive
stages, growth from within.
1836 J. Girgert Chr. Atonem. iv. (1852) 104 Only where
those means exist. .is there a development of holy character.
1845 J. H. Newman Ess. Developm. 1. i. (1846) 37 The de-
velopment of an idea, being the germination, growth, and
perfection of some living... truth. 1861 Garsetr Boyle
Lect, 46 This scheme.. exhibits a progressive development,
in which there is not a missing link. 1862 S. Lucas Secularia
6 Nations proceed in a course of Development, their later
manifestations being potentially present in the earliest ele-
ments. 1867 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) I. iv. 251 Gradual
developement without any sudden change.
5. A developed or well-grown condition; a state
in which anything is in vigorous life or action.
1851 G. F. RicHarpson /xtrod. Geol. 258 The genus Ser-
pula .. attained its greatest development in the oolitic seas.
1851 Manset Proleg. Log. (1860) 18 His disciple. . has carried
the doctrine to its fullest development. 1870 RoLLEsToN
Anim. Life Introd. 49 The great development of the
sternum whence the muscles of flight take origin. 1871
Smites Charac. xii. (1876) 366 The highest development of
their genius. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) I. 76 The Laches
has more play and development of character.
6. The developed result or product; a developed
form of some earlier and more rudimentary or-
ganism, structure, or system.
1845 J. H. Newman Ess. Developm. 1. iii. (1846) 58 The
butterfly is the development .. of the grub. 1856 Froupe
Hist. Eng. (1858) I. i. 2 The last orders of Gothic architec-
ture were the development of the first. 1871 R. W. Dace
Commandm., Introd. 4 The Christian Faith may be spoken
of as, in some sense, the development of Judaism. 1873
M. Arnotp Lit, § Dogma Pref. (1876) 22 Attacking Romish
developments from the Bible, which.. were evidently ..
false developments. 1877 E. R. Conver Bas. Faith i. 5
Natural to man only as a development, not as an original
element in his nature.
II. Technical uses.
7. a. Geom. The action of unrolling a cylindrical
or conical surface, the unbending of any curved
surface into a plane, or of a non-plane curve into
a plane curve. +b. Applied to the unrolling
of a papyrus or other roll which has become
rigid (ods.).
1800 J. Hayter Herculanean §& Pompeian MSS.12 About
thirty years ago, His Sicilian Majesty ordered the Develope-
ment, the Transcription, and the printing of the Volumes
[rolls]..to be undertaken. 1817 (¢i¢7e), Herculaneum Rolls.
—Correspondence Relative to a Proposition made by Dr.
Sickler, of Hildburghausen, upon the Subject of their De-
velopment. 1878 Huxtey Physiogr. xix. 333 Let the out-
line of the country be projected on this cone: then on un-
folding the paper, it may be spread out on a flat surface :
hence the method is known as that of conical development.
Lbid. 336 The polar Sp pec are not brought within Mer-
cator’s projection, for the poles are supposed, by the cylin-
drical develop to be indefinitely distant.
e. See quots. ;
1874 KniGut Dict. Mech., Development, The process of
drawing the figures which given lines on a curved surface
would assume, if that surface were a flexible sheet and were
spread out flat upon a plane without alteration of area and
without distortion. 1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. 1V. 195/t
To draw the various forms required in ‘development ’—that
is the covering of surfaces. :
8. Math. The process by which any mathematical
ogee is changed into another of equivalent
value or meaning, and of more expanded form; the
expanded form itself.
1816 tr. Lacroix’ Diff. & Int. Calc. 148 This develope-
ment has been obtained by first putting ++4 instead of 2;
1837 Penny Cyci. VIII. #45/ The mathematical use of an
expression is frequently facilitated by employing its develop-
ment. — /6id., The usual form of development is into infinite
series.
9. The action of developing a photograph ; the
process whereby the latent image on the exposed
film is rendered visible by the chemical precipita-
tion of new material on the surface.
1845 A thenxum 29 Mar. 312/3 If an impressed Daguerreo-
type plate .. be exposed to the vapour of chlorine, iodine,
or bromine .. the nascent picture is obliterated, so as to be
no longer capable of developement by the vapour of mercury.
1861 Photogr. News Alm. in Circ. Sc. 1. 160/2 Add more
silver, till the development is complete. 1881 Eng, Mech.
No. 874. 382/1 The exposed plates, after development and
before fixing, should be put [etc.].
10. Mus. The unfolding of the qualities or capa-
cities of a musical phrase or subject by modifica-
tions of melody, harmony, tonality, rhythm, etc.,
esp. in a composition of elaborate form, as a sonata ;
the part of a movement in which this takes place.
Also attrzb.
1880 Parry in Grove Dict. Mus. s.v., The most perfect
types of development are to be found in Beethoven’s works,
~ Von. Til.
281
with whom not seldom the greater part of a movement is
the constant unfolding and opening out of all the latent
possibilities of some simple rhythmic figure. 1880 STAINER
Composition ix. § 156 This splendid musical form [sonata-
form] differs .. chiefly in having a Development-portion.
Ibid. § 166 A figure, or rhythmic motive, or melodic phrase
from any part preceding the double bar {of a movement in
sonata-form] may be chosen for development. 1889 H. A.
Harpine Analysis of Form 5 The Coda begins with a de-
velopment of the figure taken from the rst subject. /dc.,
The development commences in C major.
11. attrib. See also 3b.
1885 Pall Mall G. 12 Feb. 5/2 No development work has
been done whatever, not a shaft has been sunk.
Hence Developmenta‘rian, Deve‘lopmentist,
nonce-wds., one who holds a theory of develop-
ment or evolution in biology, theology, etc. ; an
evolutionist.
1865 A/orn, Star 2 Sept., The most curious part of the
business is that some polygenists are also developmentarians.
1870 Sut, Rev. XXIX, 807 If Mr. Proctor were a develop-
mentist, and boldly laid it down that out of elementary
substances of proved identity with those of our earth .. life
.. must of necessity be engendered in forms much the same
as those we know. 1888 /udian Churchman 26 May 144
No loophole of escape is here left for the ‘developmen-
tarians’. ‘
Developmental (dive:lipmentil), a. [f. prec.
+ -AL.] Of, pertaining, or incidental to develop-
ment; evolutionary.
Developmental disease, a disease which is associated with
a Stage or process in the development of the body.
1849 OWEN Parthenogenesis 8 So much of the primary
developmental processes. 1859 Darwin O7ig. Species xiv.
(1873) 390 Sometimes it is only the earlier developmental
stages which fail. 1864 Datly Ved. 27 July, Deaths by con-
vulsions rose from 38 to 71... by developmental diseases of
children from 24 to 42. 1883 Birm. Weekly Post 11 Aug. 3/6
One of the diseases, so called, of the developmental class
—viz., senile decay. 1884 Anowledge No, 160. 421 They
are interesting from a developmental point of view. 1890
Houmpury Old Age 5 A developmental or physiological death
terminates the developmental or physiological decay.
Hence Developme‘ntalist, oce-z., an evolu-
tionist.
1862 Temple Bar Mag. V. 215 According to the develop-
mentalists .. the various races of men.. gradually developed
themselves in the progress of ages, from. lower forms of
animal life. .
Developmentally, a/v. [f. prec. + -Ly 2.]
In relation or reference to development.
1849-52 Owen in Todd Cyc. Anat. IV. 873/1 The investiga-
tion. .of this vast subject zootomically, developmentally, and
microscopically. 1863 Huxtey J/an's Place Nat. iti. 148
The base of the skull may be demonstrated developmentally
to be its relatively fixed part. 1874 Carpenter JZent. Phys.
ul. Xv. (1879) 571 The retina may be developmentally regarded
as a kind of off-shoot from the optic ganglion.
+ Devernerate, v. Obs.—° [ad. L. avener-
ari to reverence, f. DE- 3 + vererart to worship.]
1623 CockERAM, Deuenerate, to worship.
+ Devenu'state,v. Obs. rare—'. [f. late L.
dévenustare Gellius) to, disfigure, deform, f. DE- 6
+ venustare to beautify, verustus beautiful: see
-ATE3.] ¢rans. To deprive of beauty or comeli-
ness ; to disfigure, deform.
1653 WaTERHOUSE Afol. Learning 245 (L.) To see what
yet remains of beauty and order devenustated, and exposed
to shame and dishonour.
+ Dever, s?. Ods., ME. form of Dxvorr, duty.
+Deve'rgence. Obs. rare-°. [ad. late L.
devergentia \Gellius) an inclining downward, a
sloping, f. dévergére, f. DE-1 + vergére to incline,
turn.] Downward slope, declivity.
1727 Batey vol. II, Devergence, a devexity or declivity,
by which any thing tends’ or declines downward. 1755
Jounson, Devergence, declivity, declination. (Dict.) 1847
Craic, Devergence, Devergency, declivity ; declination. Oés.
[1864 WesstER, Devergence, Devergency, the same as Di-
vergence.) i
Devers, deversion, -itie: see Divers-.
+Deversary. Obs. rare. [Pad. L. déver-
sorium lodging-house, inn.] ? A lodging-house,
inn, tavern: see DIVERSORY.
1485 Digby Myst. (1882) 11.754, I was drynchyn In synne
deversarye,
Devest (diverst), v. arch. [a. OF. devester
(13th c.), also desvestir (12th c. in Hatzf.), f. des-,
dé- =, dis- (see DE- 6, Dis-) + vestir, mod.F.
vétir:—L. vestire to clothe. The Latin dictionaries
cite a single instance of dévestire to undress, from
Appuleius ; but in Romanic, the prefix is dis-, des-:
cf. Pr. desvestir, devestir, It. divestire, med.L. dis-,
di-, dé-vestire, from OFr. In later English the
prefix is conformed to classical L. analogies ‘as
Divest, q.v., and deves¢ now survives only in
sense 5 (in which dzvest also occurs).
+1. trans. To unclothe, undress, disrobe (a per-
son) ; véfl. to undress oneself. Ods.
1598 Yonc Diana 13 If that she was alone, deuesting her.
1599 Suaks. Hen, V, u. iv. 78 That you deuest your selfe,
and lay apart The borrowed Glories. 1604 — Of/. 1. iii.
181 Like Bride and Groome Deuesting them for Bed. 1623
Cockeram, Dewest, to vncloath one. a@x625 FLETCHER
Woman's Prizei.ii, Leave it Maria: Devest you with obe-
dient hands; to bed! 1649 4 /coran 417 Whose filthy naked-
ness must appear When he is devested.
+b. fig. Todismantle, reduce toa defenceless state.
DEVESTURE,
1652 Gaute Magastrom. 335 The City of Rome being
mightily devested by the Gaules, the Senators began to
deliberate, whether they should repaire their ruined walls,
or flee to Vejus.
+ 2. To strip (a person) of clothes, armour, ete. ;
to strip or deprive of anything that clothes or
covers, or is fg. considered to do so, Ods.
1583 STanynurst xne7s 1. (Arb.) 33 Troilus hee marcked
running, deuested of armour. 1683 Gapsury in Wharton's
Whs, Pref., Left naked, and devested of every thing. 1687
Dryven (ind § P.1. 187 And Aaron of his Ephod to devest.
1722 Wottaston Relig. Nat, v.122 Thoughts in their naked
state, devested of all words. 1 KenpaLt 7yav. II. xlvii.
148 One crab devested of its shell.
3. fig. To strip (a person or thing) of ( from)
possessions, rights, or attributes ; to denude, dispos-
sess, deprive ; rarely in good sense, to free, rid.
1563 SackvILLE in Alirr, Mag., Buckingham xxix, The
royall babes deuested from theyr trone. 1640 SANDERSON
Serm, II. 155 We will speak of things. .considered in them-
selves, and as they stand devested of all circumstances. 1641
Mitton CA. Govt. u. iii, (1851) 158 With much more reason
-. ought the censure of the Church be quite devested and
disintal’d of all jurisdiction. 1647 Warp Simp. Cobler 15
What a Cruelty it is to devest Children of that onely externall
priviledge! 1647 Jer. ‘lavtor Dissuas. Popery u. 1. § 11
How to devest it from its evil appendages. 1660 — Duct.
Dubit, 1. i, ‘Fo say that God..had devested them of their
rights. 167% 77ue Nonconf. 268 To devest Preaching of this
Authority. 1686 Goan Celest. Bodies 1. xviii. 117 The Aspects
are not wholly devested of Influence when under the Horizon,
+4. a. To take or pluck off (the clothing of
anyone). b. To put off (clothing, anything worn,
borne, possessed, or held); to throw off, give up,
lay aside, abandon. Ods,
1566 Dranr //orace To Rdr. 2 Few or none doo attempt
to deuest or pluck of her vaile of hypocrisie. 1625 Donne
Serm. \xvi. 667 As those Angels doe not devest Heaven by
coming, so there, Soules invest Heaven in their going. 1626
/bid. iv. 33 No man that hath taken Orders can .. devest
his orders when he will. @ 1631 /é7¢. i. (1634) 5 The highest
cannot devest mortality. — Poems (1650) 252 Who..made
whole townes devest Their wals and bulwarks. 1673 S. C.
Art of Complaisance 5 Perswading them that we have de-
vested our own enmity. 1675 Art Contentit. ix. § 4. 224
That ugly form .. by use devests its terror. 1765 BLack-
STONE Comm. I. 370 This natural allegiance .. cannot be
devested without [etc.].
te. refl. Zo devest oneself of: to strip or dispos-
sess oneself of; to put or throw off, lay down, lay
aside. Ods.
1633 J. Done Hist. Septuagint 2 His Father .. devested
himselfe of all Authority. 165r Honpes Leviath. 1. xxvi.
147 To be able. .to devest himselfe of all fear. 1672 MarveLe
Reh. Transp. \. 239 Vhe same day that they took up Divinity,
they devested themselves of humanity. 1707 Curios. in
Husb. & Gard. 330 Salt .. cannot devest it self of the Im-
pression it had received from Nature. 1791 Bosweti Fohnson
an. 1783 (1816) IV. 273 The Reverend Mr. Shaw, a native
of the Hebrides. .devested himself of national bigotry.
5. Law. a. To take away (a possession, right,
or interest vested in any one), to alienate; to annul
(any vested right), to convey away. 70 devest out
of: the opposite of to ‘ vest in’.
1574 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 32a, They cannot deveste
that thing in fee which hath beene vested in theire house.
1613 Sir H. Fincn Law (1636) 43 Ifa woman hauing chattels
personall take a husband, the Law deuesteth the property
out of her, and vesteth it in her husband onely. 1767
Biackstone Cov, 11. 184 The interest, which the survivor
originally had, is clearly not devested by the death of his
companion. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) II. 364 Where ..
the freehold is not conveyed away or devested. 1840 S.
WarkrEN 10,000 @ Year 1x. in Blackw. Mag. XLVIILI. 92
The estate had once been vested, and could not subse-
quently be de-vested by an alteration or blemish in the
instrument. 1842 STEPHEN Laws Eng. (1874) 11.687 The title
of any person instituted..to any benefice with cure of souls
will be afterwards devested unless he shall publicly read..
the 39 articles. 1848 ArNouLD J/ar. /nsur. (1866) I. 1. iii.
104 A mere pledge of the property, as a collateral security,
does not devest all his insurable interest out of the property
originally insured.
b. To dispossess (a person) of any right, au-
thority, ete., with which he is invested. Oés.
1644 H. Parker ¥us Pop. 17 It invests the grantee without
devesting the grantor. 1661 Cressy Re/?. Oathes Suprem.
& Alleg., He (Hen. VIII] devested the Pope, and assumed
to himself the power of Excommunication. 1672 in Picton
L'pool Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 268 Persons which beare ..
offices .. and are not legally devested. 1810 J. MarsHaLt
Const. Opin. (1839) 133 ‘he same power may devest any
other individual of his lands.
Hence Deve'sted ///. a., Deve'sting v/. sb. ;
also Deve’stment.
1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 1303 The devesting of
trees, which .. begin to shed and lose their leaves. 1 7
M. Hupson Div. Right Govt. Introd. 6 By the Generall
devestment of the creature of all its native graces and bless-
ings. 1660 Boyte New £xp. Phys. Mech. xxii. 164 They
.. lay aside the disguise of Air, and resume the devested
form of Liquors. 1672 Perry ol. Anat, 42 ‘The people of
Treland are all in Factions .. called English and Irish, Pro-
testants and Papists: Though indeed the real distinction is
vested and devested of the Land belonging to Papists, ann.
1641.
Devestiture, obs, var. of DIvESTITURE.
Deve'sture. vare. [a. OF. des-, devesture,
-eure (14th c. in Godef.) :—Rom. type *desvestitira,
f. desvestire: see DEVEST and -URE; cf. DivesTuRE.]
The action of devesting: putting off (as clothes) ;
dispessession (of property).
1648 W. Mountacur Devout Ess, 1. xiv. § 3 Ay The
DEVEX.
very disadvan we have. .in the devesture of self-
1738 Counnooxs tr. Digest Hindu Law ion AL. Ti. s2
vesture ns ti ways;
deoden'ct rentectae and By tat hn rm. ere
+ Deverx, a. and sb. Obs. [ad. L. dévex-us in-
clined or sloping downwards, pa. pple. of dévehére,
f. De- I. 1 + vehére to carry, convey.]
A. adj. Bent or bending down, inclined or
sloping downward. :
1420 Pallad. on Husb. ut. 920 Thai love lande devexe
and inclinate. 1669 Bappity & Naytor Life 7. Morton
To Rdr., In his devex old age. 1727 Baiey vol. II, Devex,
hollow like a valley; bowed down, bending. 1775 in Asx.
B. sb. Downward slope, declivity; Devexiry.
mae May Lucan x. 47 Vpon the Westerne lands (Follow-
ing the worlds deuexe) a meant to tread.
Hence + Deve'xness.
1727 Baitey vol. Il, Devexness, devexity, bendingness
downw: ;
+ Deve’xed, ///. a. Obs.
Bent or bowed down.
1562 Wills & Inv. N. C. (Surtees 1835) 205 Yf he shalbe
by aidg or other wyse devexed or blynd.
+ Deve:xion. [irreg. f. L. devex-us: see DEVEX.]
[f. prec. + -ED.]
shelvingness. 1775 in Asu. .
+Devexity. O¢s. Also 7 di-. [ad. L. dé-
vexttlas, f. devexus ; see DEVEX and -ITY.] Down-
ward slope or incline ; concavity: see quots.
1601 Hottanp P/iny I. 32 No man doubteth that the water |
of the sea came euer in any shore so far as the deuexitie
would have suffered. did. 34 So far as the other deuexitie
or fall of the earth. 1612 Care: Devexité, deuexitie ; a
hollownesse, bowing, bending, hanging double. a 1618
Davies Wittes Pilgrimage (1876) 30 (D.) His haire.. Doth
glorifie that Heau'n’s Divexity, iis head. 1656 BLounr
Glossogr., Devexity, the hollowness of a valley, a bending
down. 1678 in Puitirs. 1775 in Asu. :
+ Devey'n. Obs. rare. In phrase zn deveynce,
in vain. .
c1g00 Lanfranc's Cirurg. (MS. B) 17 Pat he traveylle
no3t in deveyne (MS. A, in veyn]. did. (MS. A) 120 Pei
speken in devyn [MS. B, deveyn].
+ Deviant, f//. a. Obs. rare. [ad. late L. dé-
viant-em, pr. pple. of déviare : see next and -ant.]
1. Deviating ; divergent.
c1400 Kom. Rose 4789 From youre scole so devyaunt
lam. 1623 Cockeram, Deuiant, farre out of the way.
2. That diverts or causes to turn aside.
1471 Riptey Comp. Alch, Pref. in Ashm. (1652) 121 O de-
viaunt fro danger, O drawer.
[ad. late L. dé-
+ Deviate, //. a. Obs. rare.
viat-us, pa. pple. of dvidre to turn out of the way:
see next.] Turned out of the way; remote.
1560 RoLLAND Crt. Venus 1. 208 Thow art far deuiat For
to conforme thy lufe to sic estait. 1638 Sir 1. Herpert
7vav. (ed. 2) 196 In the way no doubt, or not farre deviat
to Rages.
Deviate (di vije't), v. [f. L. déviat- ppl. stem
of déevidre (Augustine and Vulgate), to turn out of
the way, f. De- I. 2 + via way. Cf. F. dévier
(Oresme, 14th c.).]
1. intr. To turn aside from the course or track ;
to turn out of the way; to swerve.
1635 Quartes Em. w. iii. (1718) 199 Neither stand still,
nor go back, nor deviate.
have deviated more than a whole Degree. 1748 Anson's
Voy. 1. vi. 348 Nor did they deviate in the least from their
course. 1749 Fietvinc Tom Yones xu. xi, Our travellers
deviated into a much less frequented track. 1860 TYNDALL
Glac. 1. xviii. 127 We hewed our steps... but were soon glad
to deviate from the ice.
2. fig. To turn aside from a course, method, or
1675 Ociey Brit. Pref., Some |
» 282
— divert, deflect, change the direction of. (/i¢.
3660 Wittsrorp Scales Comm. A viij b, None shall be..
deviated with doubtfull directions. Corton tr. Afon-
taigne xxxv. (D.), To let then deviate him from the righ
—_. Newcoms & Hotpen Astron. 63 The eye-lens. .
receives the pencil of rays, and devi: it to the coearver’ 's
eye. 1894 Pop. Sci. Monthly June, If the angle of vision in
one eye be deviated even to a slight degree..we see two
images. ;
+ 4. trans. To depart from. Ods. rare.
1757 Mrs. Grirritu Lett. Henry & Frances (1767) U1. 222
. This primitive reason is the great criterion, which may be
— according as reason or conscience instructs the. .
mind.
Hence De-viating ///. a.
1883 Pall Mall G. 13 Sept. 11/2 Ten batteries, ten deviat-
ing points, and ten fahartion coils have about six times the
power of one battery.
Deviation (dzvi,z'-fan). [n. of action from L.
dzvtare to DeviaTE: cf. med.L. déviatio, F. dévia-
tion (1461 in Godef. Supf/.; not in Cotgr.; in
Acad. Dict. only from 1762).]
1. The action of deviating; turning aside from
1727 Baizey vol. 11, Deve-xion, devexity, bendingness or | @ path or track ; swerving, deflexion,
1646 Sir TI. Browne Pseud. Ep. vi. iv. 288 The dayes
encrease or decrease according to the declination of the
Sun; that is, its deviation Northward or Southward from
the Aequator. 1 Damper Voy. 1. x. 287 According as
the Ship deviated from its direct course..such deviation is
..exprest by N. or S. 19781 Cowrer Friendship 113 They
manifest their whole life through The needle’s deviations |
too, 1831 Brewster Oftics iv.29 The angle .. representing
its angular change of direction, or the angle of deviation,
as it is called.
+b. Astron. The deflexion of a planet’s orbit
from the plane of the ecliptic: attributed in the
Ptolemaic astronomy to an oscillatory motion of
the deferent. Ods.
1727-51 Cuampers Cycl., Deviation, in the old astronomy,
a motion of the deferent, or eccentric, whereby it advances
to, or recedes from, the ecliptic. The greatest deviation of
Mercury is sixteen minutes ; that of Venus is only ten.
e. Comm. Voluntary departure from the intended
course of a vessel without sufficient reason.
1809 R. Lancrorp /ntrod. Trade 131 Deviation, a depar-
ture from the regular course of a voyage without cause,
which renders the assurance irrecoverable if the ship is lost.
2. Divergence from the straight line, from the
mean, or standard position ; variation, deflexion ;
the amount of this; + the declination or variation
of the magnetic needle (ods.).
1675 Ocitsy Brit. Pref. 3 Measuring even the smallest
Deviations of the Kiba & 1690 Leysourn Curs. Math. 607
This Deviation of the Needle is called by the Mariners, the
North-Easting or North-Westing of the Needle. 1858
GREENER Gunnery 375 The mean deviation on the target
from the centre of the group of 10 hits being only ‘85 of
a foot at 500 yards’ peo -
b. sfec. The deflexion of the needle of aship’s
compass, owing to the magnetism of the iron in
the ship or other local cause,
1821 A. Fisner ¥rni. Voy. Disc. 3 An experiment. .for..
ascertaining the effect of local attraction on the compasses ;
or, to use the term that has been lately adopted, to deter-
mine the deviation of the compass, or magnetic needle,
with the ship's head brought to the different points of the
compass. 1834 Nat. Philos., Navigation 1. \xili. 30 (Useful
Knowl. Soc.) The deviation of the com was first ob-
served by Mr. Wales, the astronomer of Capt, Cook. 2
e. Path. Divergence of one or both of the optic
axes from the normal position. Conjugate devia-
| tion: see Consucate a. 5.
mode of action, a rule, standard; etc.; to take a
different course, diverge.
a6:
and like Sheepe gone astray, but were become Enemies.
from their duty. 1682 Drypen A/ac Flecknoe 20 The rest
to some faint meaning make pretence, But Shadwell never
deviates into sense. 1777 Watson PAilip [/ (1839) 165 Those
who deviated, or whom he suspected of deviating, from the
Catholic faith, 1824 Macautay £ss., Mitford's Greece
Wks. 1866 VII. 684 By resolutely deviating from his prede-
cessors he is often in the right. 1860 TyNnpaALt Glac. 1. xvi.
108 Why I deviated from my original intention,
b. To digress from the subject in discourse or
wining
1638 Sir T. Hervert 7 av. (ed. 2) 241, I have deviated,
this was discourse at dinner, not yet ended. 1823 Byron
Juan 1x. xli, I am apt to grow too sumaphysicnd -. And
deviate into matters rather dry, | a
e. To diverge or Seoest in opinion or practice.
1660 Barrow Lucilid Pref. (17143 It seem'd not worth my
while to deviate..from him. 1811 L. M. Hawkins C’fess
& Gertr. IL. 79, I say nothing of sectaries: as they profess
to deviate from us, they do not belong to us.
d. Of things (usually abstract); To take a
different course, or have a different tendency; to
diverge or differ (/rom a standard, etc.).
1692 Bentiey Boyle Lect. v. 149 If ever Dead Matter
should deviate from this Motion. 1770 Funius Lett. xxxvii.
181 As far as the fact deviates from the principle, so far the
practice is vicious and corrupt. 1801 Srrutr Sorts & Past.
1. ii. 33_ Particulars. .deviating from the t methods of
taking fish. of Max Miter Sc. Relig. (1873) 301 Sans-
krit and Greek have deviated from each bs 9
3. ¢vans. To turn (any one) out of the way, turn
Austin Medit. (1635)8 We had not onely deviated, |
3. fig. Divergence from any course, method, rule,
standard, etc. ; with a and f/., an instance of this.
(The earliest and most frequent sense.)
1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 1307 The obscuration or
| ecclipse of the sunne, the defect of the moone. . be as it were
1659 B. Harris Parival’s /ron Age 28 They had deviated |
the excursions, deviations out of course. 1651 Honpes
Leviath. v1. xxvii. 151 All manner of deviation from the
Law. a1665 J. Goopwin Filled w. the Spirit ( 1867) 236
el See
DEVICE,
cemented on a flint one of sufficient angle that their deviative
each other.
powers reverse other..
Deviator (divije'tar). [a. late L. deviator
(Augustine), t-n. f. déviare to DEVIATE.] ©
1. One who deviates, goes astray, digresses, etc. ;
see the verb.
Futter Adel Rediv. 220 Though Latimer was in
his heedlesse youth A deviator. 1756 W. To.pervy Hist. 2
Orphans \11, 48 Here we are obliged to be, in some mea-
sure, deviators. P. Farsairn tr. Hengstenberg’s
Revel. S. Fohn i.7 deviators are quite at variance
among themselves.
2. An appliance for altering the course of a
balloon.
1886 Pall Mail G. 14 Sept. 8/2 Their deviator had ceased
act.
to
Devia (di-viateri), a. [f. L. type dévia-
tori-us from dévidtor : see prec. and -orY.] Char-
acterized by deviation.
1702 S. Parker tr. Cicero De Finibus 20 The Deviatory
Motion of the Atoms.
Device (divais). Forms: 3-5 deuis, 4 Sc.
deuiss, 4-5 deuys, Sc. dewis(e, -ys(s, -ice,
-yce, 4-6 deuyse, diuis(e, dyuys(e, 4-7 deuise,
devise, 5-6 deuyce, 6 Sc. devyiss, 6-7 divice,
5- device. [Here two original OF. and ME.
words devis and devise have run together. The
actual form device represents phonetically ME.
devis, devys, a. OF. devis masc., ‘ division, parti-
tion, separation, difference, disposition, wish, desire,
| will’ (Godefroy) ; ‘speech, talke, discourse, a con-
ference, or communication ; deuising, conferring, or
talking together; also, a deuice, inuention ; dis-
position or appointment of’ (Cotgr.) ; in mod.F.
‘action of discoursing, conversation, talk, speci-
fication (of work to be done)’. But the form de-
vise’(when not a mere variant spelling of device:
see below) represents OF. devise fem. ‘ division,
separation, difference, heraldic device, will, testa-
ment, plan, design, wish, desire, liking, opinion,
conversation, conference, manner, quality, kind’
(Godefroy); ‘a deuice, posie, embleme, conceit,
coat or cognizance borne ; an inuention ; a diuision;
bound, meere, or marke diuiding land’ (Cotgr.) ;
in mod.F. ‘action of dividing, that which divides
or distinguishes, the motto of a shield, seal, etc.,
an adage’. The two French words correspond to
Pr. devis, devisa, It. diviso, divisa, Romanic derivs.
of divis- ppl. stem of dividtre to divide: see
DEVISE v.
‘The older word in ME. a to have been devis, devys,
but devise also appears fon Canes inp a
earlier, at least in the phrase, to devise . @ devise
(sense 12). It is however very difficult to distinguish the
two words, since devise, devyse occurs not only as the
proper spelling of the repr. of OF. devise, but also, in
northern and late ME., and in the 16th c., as a frequent
a of ME. devis, mod. device. In rimes it is gener-
ally possible to e devise = devis, device, from devise
proper, but in other positions it is impossible ; nor
does the sense give much help, because in OF. devis and
devise partly coincided in eager pec the English dis-
tinctions do not always agree with the French. In later
times device gradually b the pted form in all
senses, except in that of Pg i we which
i some reason to
of England, used in the , when device (-vis) was
written or at least pr in the singular:
sing., houses (-zéz) pl. ‘The sense-development had to a great
extent taken place before the words were adopted in
uo that boon a re
1. The action of devising, comes or planning;
the faculty of devising, inventive facu
—— d irthe had don come through cond
1513 More ox Tit, Wha a3 Peo Genioe of beeen cae:
To walk in ways of righteousness. . without any
or self-allowed deviation. 1713 Steere Englishman No. 4.
18 His Ministers are responsible for all his Deviations from
Justice. 1793 7 rialof FysHe Palmer 14 This trifling devia-
pr
their owne deuise.
Golde, siluer, or stone grauen by art and mans deuice. mot
Srenser Amoretti xxx, That fire, which all end ts,
Id hard which is congeald wit!
tion in the spelling could not possibly be of any c q
1842 Grove Corr. Phys. Forces (ed. 2) 27 A deviation from
the plain accepted meaning of words. 1860 Tynpaut Glace. 1.
xviil. 129 There was no deviation from the six-leaved type.
1872 i . Mureny Comm. Lev. v.1 Iniquity, that is devia-
tion from equity. 1881 Westcorr & Hort Grk, N. 7.
Introd. § od Lakentied deviations from the original.
+b. Formerly sometimes aéso/. = Deviation from
rectitude, moral declension, or going astray.
Sir S. D’Ewes ¥rnis. Parl. (is) 32 He [Jas. 1)
had his vices and deviations. 1 ICHARDSON Clarissa
(J.), Worthy persons. .inadvertently drawn into a deviation,
@ 1831 A. Knox Kem. (1844) I. 79 A feeling.. which years of
subsequent deviation did not wholly destroy,
+e. A turning aside from the subject, a digres-
sion, Obs. rare.
1665 Sir T. Hersert 7vav. (1677) 159 Fearing I have
= la + ——— 1713 SHAFTESB. ve ra
i. ‘I . 10 lo vary .. m: pos'd Subject
and make what Deviations or ixxcarsions 4 shall think At.”
Deviative (divitiv), a. [f. L. déviat- ppl.
stem + -IVE.] Causing or tending to deviation or
deflexion.
1878 Lockyer Stargazing 400 A crown-glass ‘prism is
, yse,
lesse cold, Should kindle fyre by wonderful de ! 1600
i . full of osble deuise.
1601 Hoitanp Pliny i
inuention of mony, 162
worke, nor deuice, nor know
ue whither thou .
ee ie to open, that [etc.].
istoric Americans (1871) 15 Much of our
..is of his [Franklin's] device.
nor wisedome in
Rk T. Hersert 7¥av. 196
1858 T. Parker
social machinery
¢1400 Destr, Troy 1576 The sydes ..
+e. A contrived shape Sy gay ee "
a1400-s0 Alexander 359 Pis grete .. In a dredfu!
deuys, a dragons forme.
+2. Purpose, intention. Ods. (orig. devis).
€ 1320 Sir Benes 1887 To sire Beues a smot therwith
sterne strok: Ac a fallede'Of his diuls And in the heued
smot Trenchefis. ¢1440 Promp. Parv. 120 Devyce, purpose,
‘DEVICE.
seria. 1848 Haut Chron. 75 b, When he had thus ordered
his affaires accordyng to his device and ordre.
3. Will, pleasure, inclination, fancy, desire. In
earlier use chiefly in phr. at one’s (own) device
(OF. a mon, ton, etc. devis|; later only in pl.;
now only in phr. eft ¢o one’s own devices, etc.,
where it is associated with sense 6. (orig. devis).
a1300 Cursor M, 11576 (Cott.) Pat he ne suld rise, Al at
his aun deuise, 1303 R. Brunne Hand. Synne 11786 Hyt
ys sloghenes and feyntes To take penaunce at by dyuys.
c1450 Crt. of Love xii, No sapphire of Inde, no ruby rich
of price There lacked than..ne thing to my devise. 1523
Lp. Berners Fro?ss. 1. cccxcviii. 691 They. .toke a place of
grounde at their deuyse, abyding their enemyes. 1552 Bz.
Com. Prayer Gen. Conf., We , oa folowed to much the
deuyses [ed. 1607 devices] and desyres of our owne heartes.
1599 Sanpys Europzx Spec. (1632) 38 Loosing and knitting
marriages, by devise at pleasure. 1611 Biste Yer. xviii. 12
We will walk after our own deuices. 1648 Mitton /’s.
Ixxxi. 52 Their own conceits they follow’d still, Their own
devises blind. 1870 Mrs. H. Woop G. Canterbury's Will
xy, What would you do, if left to your own devices?
+b. Will or desire as expressed or conveyed to
another; command, order, direction, appointment.
Chiefly in phr. a¢ (some one’s) device. Obs. (Cf.
DEVISE v. 3.) (ME. devis; OF. devise.)
1307 Elegy Edw. J iv, That hit he write at mi devys
[rime pris). 1325 Coer de L. 1439 Lokes that ye doo be
my devys. 1440 /pomydon 716 Full feyre he dyd his ser-
vyse, And servyd the Tass at hyr devyse. c1470 Henry
Wallace vu. 1150 Scho graithit hir apon a gudlye wis,
With gold and ger and folk at hir dewis. /é/d. x. 473 The
Bruce askyt ; ‘ Will thow do my dewyss ?’ 1523 Lp. BerNrrs
Froiss. I. cxlv. 173, I am natte determynedde to folowe his
deuyse and ease [faire & sa devise ne & son aise). 1535
Stewart Cron, Scot. I. 396 God .. At his devyiss all thing
in erth is done. 1535 CoverpaLe Dax. iv. 24 It is the very
deuyce of him yt is hyest of all.
+4. Opinion, notion; what one thinks about
something. Sometimes it may mean ‘opinion
offered, advice, counsel’. Obs. (In 15th c. devi's
and devise. OF. devise, opinion, sentiment.)
e325 £. FE. Allit, P. A. 199 Bounden bene Wyth be
myryeste margarys at my deuyse pat euer I se3 3et with myn
yjen. 1398 Gower Conf. I. 278 As thou shalt here my devise,
‘Thou might thy self the better avise. c1g00 Row. Rose 651
For certes at my devys Ther is no place in Paradys So
good. cx1420 Sir Amadace (Camden) xxix, Thenne iche
mon sayd thayre deuise. c1430 Lypc. Hors, Shepe, & GC.
86 Pees to profyr, as to my Devyce, Makythe no delaye.
©1435 Zorr. Nei ged 779 Now wolle ye telle me your
devyce, That how I may govern me? c 1450 St. Cuthbert
(Surtees) 2698 As a woman war vnwyse Pus sho spird him
hir deuyse. 1568 Grarron Chron. II. 395 When the Duke
of Norffolk had heard fully his device, he tooke it not in
c parte. 1594 2nd Pt. Contention (1843) 125, I prethe
icke let me heare thy deuise.
+5. Familiar conversation, talk, chat. Os. [OF.
and mod.F. devise.)
c 1489 Caxton Blanchardyn xli. 153 Blanchardyn. .talked
wyth the kynge .. his fader And as they were thus in de-
uyses [etc.]. ¢x500 Medusine lix. 348 After many playsaunt
deuyses and joyfull wordes, they wesshed theire handes and
sette them at dyner. 1581 Petrie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. 1.
(1586) 127 To entertaine them with familiar device, as the
fashion in Fraunce and other places is. 1600-10 in Shaks.
C. Praise 40 What for your businesse, news, device, foolerie
and libertie, I never dealt better since I was a man.
6. Something devised or contrived for bringing
about some end or result; an arrangement, plan,
scheme, project, contrivance; an ingenious or
clever expedient; often one of an underhand. or
evil character ; a plot, stratagem, trick.
c1ago S. Eng. Leg. I. 381/156 ‘Sire,’ he seide, ‘mi deuis
pou schalt here i-seo: halle ichulle furst arere.’ 1494
Fasyan Chron. vu. 358 All was done according to theyr
former deuyse. SOVERDALE Ps. xxi. 11 They. .ymagined
soch deuyces, as they were not able to perfourme.
Hatt Chron. 12 This devise so much pleased the sedicious
congregation. /d7d., 48 b, This device of fortifying an armye
was at this tyme fyrst invented. did. 158b, To set open
the fludde gates of these devises. 1553 T. Witson Rhet. 7
His pollicies and wittie devises in behove of the publique
weal. 1568 Bite (Bishops’) 2 Cor. ii. 11 We are not ignor-
ant of his deuises [1611 denices]. 1601 SHaks. 7we/. N. 11.
iii. 176 Excellent, I smell a deuice. 1603 Knotts Hist.
Turks (1638) 140 The Captaine .. declared to him his whole
deuise. 1 RIESTLEY Corrupt. Chr. 1. 1. 104 By this
happy device .. [they] screen themselves. 1843 Macautay
Lays Anc. Rome Pref, (1864) 25 The device by which Elfleda
was substituted for her young mistress.
7. concr. The result of contriving; something
devised or framed by art or inventive power; an
invention, contrivance ; esf. a mechanical contri-
vance (usually of a simple character) for some
particular purpose.
c1325 E. E. Allit. P. A. 139, I hoped be water were a de-
uyse Bytwene myrpez by merez made. 1§70 Der Math.
Pref. 35 He alone, with his deuises and engynes .. spoyled
and discomfited the whole Army. 1577 B. Goocr Heres-
bach's Husb, 1. (1586) 41 b, The devise was, a lowe kinde of
Carre with a couple of wheeles, and the Front armed with
sharpe Syckles, which forced by the beast through the
Corne, did cut downe al before it. 1665 Sir T. Hersert
Trav. (1677) 120 To remedy which they have devices like
Turrets upon the tops of their Chimneys to suck in the air
for refreshment. 1874 Knicur Dict. Alech. 1, 218/1 The
devices for baling cut hay. 1884 [See Drvit sé, 8).
b. Used of things non-material.
1529 More Su/plic. Soulys Wks. 326/2 This icion is
nether our deuise nor ani new founden fantasy, but a ver
trueth well perceiued. 1587 Gotpinc De Mornay Ep. Ded.
5 It is not a deuise of man as other Religions are. 1614
1548 ©
283
| Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat, Ep. Ded. A iij, It was a mad con-
| ceit .. That an huge Giant beares up the earth ..If by this
| devise he had meant onely an Embleme of Kings.
| 8. Something artistically devised or framed ; a
fancifully conceived design or figure.
| 1399 Lanct. Rich. Redeles iii. 178 In quentise of clothinge
| ffor to queme sir pride..and iche day a newe deuyse, it
|. dulleth my wittis. 1465 A/ann. & Househ. Exp. 490 My
'“ master bout of Arnold gooldsmythe a dyvyse of goold for |
mastres Margret. 1555 EpeN Decades 159 Curiously buylded |
A
|
| with many pleasaunt diuises. 1665 Sir I, Hersert 77vav.
(1677) 119 The glass .. curiously painted with such knots
| and devices as the Jews usually make for ornament. 1821
| Craic Lect. Drawing i. 21 A practice of painting, in curious
| devices and figures. the coffins destined for the dead. 1879 |
| H. Puriuws Notes Coins 1 The most modern [coins] present
| complicated and intricate devices.
| 9. spec. An emblematic figure or design, esp. one
borne or adopted by a particular person, family,
etc., as a heraldic bearing, a cognizance, etc. :
usually accompanied by a motto.
€13850 Will. Palerne 3222 Pat i haue a god schel[d]..& wel
& faire wib-inne a werwolf depeynted .. be quen pan dede
comaunde to crafti men i-nowe, pat deuis him were di3t er
pat day eue. ¢1385 Cuaucer L.G. IW. 1272 Dido, And beryn
in hise devysis io hire sake, Not I nat what. 1489 Caxton
Faytes of A. WwW. xv. 276 They take armes att theyre owne |
wylle and suche a deuyse as them plaiseth, wherof som
grownde. .the same upon theyre name. 1581 Petrie Guazzo’
Civ. Conv. 11. (1586) 108 b, A Carcanet of golde. .whereon
bravelie set forth the devise or armes of the Academie.
1602 Marston Ant. & Alel. v. Wks. 1856 I. 55, I did send
for you to drawe me a devise, an Imprezza, by Sinecdoche
a Mott. I wold haue you paint me for my device a good
fat legge of ewe mutton. 1608 Snaxs. Per. u. ii. 19 The
| deuice he beares vpon his shield Is a blacke Ethyope,
reaching at the sunne. The word, Lax tua vita mihi.
1651 Hoses Leviath. 1. x. 45 Shields painted with such
Devises as they pleased. 1790 Pennant London 116 (R.)
With the hart couchant under a tree, and other devices of |
Richard II. 1862 Burton Bh. Hunter (1863) 63 The devices |
or trade emblems of special favourites among the old printers.
b. A motto or legend borne with or in place of
such a design.
| 1724 Swiet Drafier’s Lett. vi, | observed the device upon |
his coach to be Libertas et natale solum. * 1759 Rowertson |
Hist. Scot. vu. (an. 1587', Repeating..sentences which she |
borrowed from some of the devices then in vogue: az fer, |
aut feri [etc.). 1851 Loner. ‘#-xcelsior’, A banner with the
strange device, ‘ Excelsior !’
10. A fanciful, ingenious, or witty writing or
| expression, a ‘conceit’, Obs. or arch.
1576 GascoicNe Notes making of verse § 1 in Steele Gl.
| (Arb.) 31 By this adiguiéd sadis, | meane some good and fine
| deuise, shewing the quicke capacitie of a writer. 1576
| Fieminc Panopl. Fpist. 342 In versifying .. his devises are
|
|
|
not darkened with mystie cloudes .. the conveiaunce of his |
matter is manifest. 1645 Avagidom’s Weekly Post 16 Dec. |
76 This is the man who would have his device alwayes in |
his sermons, which in Oxford they then called conundrums.
1768 Beattie Mizstr. 1. lii, Ballad, jest, and riddle’s quaint |
device. 1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales 11. 193 Some droll
and merry device.
11. Something devised or fancifully invented for
dramatic representation ; ‘a mask played by pri-
vate persons,’ or the like. arch. or Obs.
1588Suaks. Z. L. L. v. ii. 669 But I will forward with my
deuice. 1590 — Mids. N. v. 1. 50 The riot of the tipsie
Bachanals .. That isan old deuice, and it was plaid When
| I from Thebes came last. 1607 —- 7702 1. ti. 155 You
| haue..entertain’d me with mine owne deuice. 1635 SHIRLEY
| Coronat. (T.) Masques and devices, welcome! 1789 Burney
Hist. Mus. U1. iv. 273 Baltazar de Beaujoyeux .. having
published an account of his devises in a book. 1812 Byron
Ch, Har. 1. \xvii, Devices quaint, and frolics ever new.
+12. Phrases. At device, to device {OF. a-devis,
@ devise|: at or to one’s liking or wish ; perfectly,
completely, entirely, certainly. A¢ all device, in
all respects, completely, entirely (cf. pozzt-device)
Obs.
1375 Barsour Bruce iv. 264 For mynerfe ay wes wont to
serfe Hym fullely at all deuiss. /ééd. x1. 348 The king...
wes vicht and viss And richt vorthy at all deuiss. 1375
Sc. Leg. Saints, Clemens 628 Clement .. empleysit wele in
godis serwice In althinge, at al dewise. c1385 CHauceR
L. G. W. 1206 Dido (Tanner), Up on a courser .. Sit Eneas
lik phebus to deuyse So was he freish arayed in his wise.
a@ 1420 Hoccieve De Reg. Princ. 404 He is a noble prechour
at device. c1450 Mirour Saluacioun 4141 With thire
Armures this knyght faght so wele at devis. ¢ 1475 Partenay
479 A litel his colour cam, vnto deuise. cxs00 Melusine
xxi, 126 He is moche fayre & wel shapen of membres, &
hath a face to deuyse, except that one of his eyen is hyer
sette than the other is. 1513 Douc.ias Afneis x. ix. 85 The
Troiane prynce .. with his brand hym brytnys at devys, In
maner of ane offerand sacryfys.
Device, obs. form of Devise v. and sd.
Devi'ceful, a. Now rare. [f. prec. + -FUL.]
Full of, or characterized by, device, ingenuity or
invention ; ingenious, ‘cunning’, ‘ curious’.
1590 SPENSER Teares of Muses 385 The devicefull matter
of my song. 1596 — F. Q. v. iii. 3 To tell the glorie of the
feast .. The goodly service, the devicefull sights .. Were
worke fit for an herauld. 1606 Marston Parasitaster ut. i,
Oh quick, deviceful, strong-brain’d Dulcimel, Thou art too full
‘of wit to be a wife. 1615 CHAPMAN Odyss. 1. 206 A carpet,
rich and of deviceful thread. 16ax Quartes Argalus
& P. (2656) 24 The quaint Impresas their deviseful shows.
1681 H. More in Glanvill Sadducismus 1. Poster. (1726) 18
In his deviceful imagination. 3
Hence Devi'cefully (+ devisefully) adv., in-
geniously, ‘cunningly’ ; Devicefulness.
1631 Donne Poens (1650! 77 The Alphabet Of flowers,
DEVIL.
how they devisefully being set And bound up, might ..
Deliver errands mutely, and mutually. 1894 Leberal 17
Nov. 3/2 It was from the Germans that the Japs derived
all their discipline and devicefulness.
Devi-celess, «. [f. as prec. +-LEss.] With-
out a device (in various senses: see the sb.).
1866 Ruskin Grown Wild Olive Pref. 27 Yo teach that
there is no device in the grave may .. make the deviceless
person more contented in his dulness. 1884 ‘Tram Nez
Lucian 130 That coin of language’which .. has been worn
down to an unmeaning counter, deviceless and legendless.
+ Devi-ct, // a. Olds. [ad. L. devict-us, pa.
pple. of devincére to subdue, f. DE- 1. 3 + vineere to
conquer.] Subdued, overcome.
1432-50 tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 205 A region .. where the
Wandalynges were devicte. 1541 Becon News out of Heaven
Early Wks. (1843) 46 Ready to be devict and overcome.
c1gso Anighthood & Battle (MS. Cott. Vitus, A. xxiii. 1) 6
For mightily what man may renne and lepe, May well
devicte and saf his party kepe. [But here perhaps a verb].
Devide, devident, etc., obs. ff. Divine, ete.
Devil (de'v'l, dewil), s4. Forms: 1 diobul,
dioful, déoful, 1-2 déofol, 2-3 deofel, 2-5
deouel, 3-5 deuel, 4-7 deuil, devel, 6-7 divel,
6- devil. Also 1 dioful, déoful, 0th. diowul,
diowl, dioul, diwl, deuil), 3 diefel, Or. de/o)-
fell, 3-4 dieuel, 4 dyevel, 5 dewill, -elle, dyuell,
5-6 devell, devyl, -yll(e, deuyl(1, 5-7 deuill, 6
diuill, 6-7 diuel(1, divel(1, 8-9 @a/. divul, Sv.
deevil; monosyllabic 4-5 deul, dele, del, 5 dewle,
dwill, dwylle, delve, 5-6 dule, 7 de’el, 8-9 Sc.
deil, Exmoor doul, Lancash. dule. Plural 1
déoflu, 2 deofle, deoflen, deflen, 2-3 deulen,
5 develyn; 1 vorth. diules, 2 deofles, deoules,
deuules, deules, doules, 3 Ovm. de(o)fless, 4
devles, devels, etc.; ge. pl. 1-3 déofla, 3-4
devele ; dat. fl. 1 déoflum, 2 deoflan, -en.
[OE. déofo/, etc., corresponding to Olris. dovel,
OS. diutul, -tal, diobol, diabol, diuvil (MDu.
diivel, dievel, Du. duivel, MLG., LG. diivel),
OHG. tuval, ttoval, tiufal (Notker), dzuval,
diufal (Tatian, Otfrid), MHG, éuvel, revel, Hiufel,
tiefel, Ger. teufel; ON., Icel. djofull (Sw. djefvul,
Da.djevel); Goth. déabaulus, diabulus, immediately
a. Gr. d:aBodos, in Jewish and Christian use ‘the
Devil, Satan’, a specific application of 6:a4Bodos
“accuser, calumniator, slanderer, traducer’, f. da-
Bade to slander, traduce, 7. to throw across, f.
6:4 through, across + BadAew to cast. “The Gr. word
was adopted in L. as dzabolus, whence in the mod.
Romanic langs., It. déavolo, Sp. diablo, Pg. diabo,
Pr. diablo, diable, ¥, diable; also in Slavonic, OSlay.
diyavolii, diyavolii, etc. In Gothic the word was
masc., as in Greek and Latin; the plural does not
occur; in OHG. it was masc. in the sing., occasion-
ally neuter in the plural; in OE. usually masculine,
but sometimes neuter in the sing., regularly neuter
in the plural deofol, deoflee; but the Northumbrian
Gospel glosses have masculine forms of the plural.
‘The Gothic word was directly from Greek ; the forms in
the other Teutonic langs. were partly at least from Latin,
and prob. adopted more or less independently of each other.
‘Thus ON. djofudd regularly represents an original datas.
OE. divbul, déoful, déofol can also be referred to an earlier
diatiul, diavol (cf. It. diavole), éo coming, through Z, from
earlier fa. The OE. a@éo- would normally give modern ¢é-,
exemplified in 15th c., and in mod. Sc. and some Eng.
dialects, but generally shortened at an earlier or later date
to dev- or div-. In some, especially northern, dialects, the
z was early vocalized or lost, leaving various monosyllabic
forms, of which mod.Sc. dez/, and Lancashire d/e are types.
The original Greek 6:éBoA0s was the word used by the
LXX to render the Heb. joy satan of the O.T.; in the
Old Latin version it was regularly retained as diabolus ;
but Jerome substituted Satan, which is thus the reading of
the Vulgate everywhere in the Canonical books, except int
Ps, cviii. (cix.)6 (the Psalter in the Vulgate being the Galli-
can version from the LX X). Wyclif translating the Vulgate,
has in this place ‘the deuell’, but elsewhere in O.T. ‘Sathan’;
the 16-17th c. Eng. versions have ‘ Satan’ throughout after
the Hebrew.] F
1. Zhe Devil [repr. Gr. 6 &:aBodos of the LXX and
New Test.]: In Jewish and Christian theology, the
proper appellation of the supreme spirit of evil, the
tempter and spiritual enemy of mankind, the foe of
God and holiness, otherwise called Satan.
He is represented as a person, subordinate to the Creator,
but possessing superhuman powers of access to and influ-
ence over men. He is the 4eader or prince of wicked
apostate angels, and for him and them everlasting fire is
prepared (Matt. xxv. 41). -
Besides the name Satan, he is also called Beelzebud,
Lucifer, Apoilyon, the Prince of darkness, the Evil One,
the Enemy of God and Man, the Arch-enemy, Arch-fiend,
the Old Serpent, the Dragon; and in popular or rustic
speech by many familiar terms as Old Nick, Old Simmiie,
Old Clootie, Old Teaser, the Old One, the Old lad, etc.
(In this the original sense the word has no plural.)
a 800 Corpus Gloss. 1457 (O. EF. V.) Orcus, hel diobul. ¢ 825,
Vesp. Hymns xiii. 4 Done dioful biswac. ar1o00 Juliana
460 ie? Hyre pat deofol oncwad. a@ 1000 Solomon & Sat.
122 (Gr.) Him bid pet deofol lab. c1o0o Ags. Gosf. John
viii. 44 Ge synd deofles bearn. ¢ 1160 //atton Gosp. Matt.
iv. 5 Da 3ebrohte se deofel hine on pa halzan ceastre. @1175
Cott. Hom. 237 Al folc 3ede in to pes diefles mude. ¢ 1200
“Trin, Coll. Hom. 35 luste pe defles s tes pa
-2
DEVIL.
midd
Leg. 1. 62/294 Pat was peruse of helle. @1310 in Wi
Lyric P. xxxix. 111 Ici i
1450
St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 7170 to ir bai did euill, And
af occasion to pe deuill. a 1535 Fisner Wks. (1876) 402 To
forsake the diuel and all his works. 1571 Campion Hist.
Tre. iv. (1633) 13 So wee say. .dile for divill, a“ FLeminc
Panopl. Epist. 277 As mad as the divel of hell. 1577 B.
Gooce Heresbach's Husb. 1. (1586) 46b, Where a man
must deale with the Devil. 1596 SHaxs. Merch. V. 1.
iii. 99 The diuell can cite Scripture for his pu . 1604
Jas. | Counterdl. (Arb.) 100 Why do we not denie God and
adore the Deuill as they doe. 1638 Sin T. Hersert 77av.
(ed. 2) 302 The Samoreen .. black as the devill, and as
treacherous. @1652 Brome Queene's Exch. u. iii. Wks.
1873 III. 490 He looks So damnably as if the Divel were at
my elbow. 1738 Swirt Polite Convers. 97 That would have
been a Match of the Devils making. 18127 Coppett H’ks.
XXXII. 150, I defy the Attorney General, and even the
Devil himself, to produce from my writings any one essay,
which is not written in the spirit of peace. 1828 CartyLe
Misc., Burns (1857) 1. 212 The very Devil he cannot hate
with pighe orthodoxy. 1846 TreNcH Mirac. y. (1852) 159
All gathers up in a person, in the devil, who has a kingdom,
as God has a kingdom.
b. According to medieval notions: cf. 3.
c12g0 S. Eng. Leg. 1. 245/165 In fourme of a fair womman
pe deuel cam heom to. /did. 372/174 And pe Aungel heom
scheuwede al a-brod pene deuel ase huy stude, Pe fourme
of a grislich man pat al for-broide were And swarttore bane
euert ani blou3man., . Fuyrie speldene al stinkende out of is
mouth he blaste And fuyr of brumston at his nose. 1563
W. Furke Meteors (1640) 10b, ‘There was newes come to
London, that the Devill..was seene flying over the Thames.
1603 Suaks. Meas. for M.11. iv. 16 Let's write good Angell on
the Deuills horne "Lis not the Deuills Crest. 1681 GLANVILL
Sadducismus uu. 1, The Devil .. appeared to her in the
shape of a handsome man, and after of a black dog. /dii.
xxviii, Declares that the Devil in the shape of a black man
lay with her in the Bed .. that his feet were cloven. 1805
Nicuotts Let, in Corr. w. Gray (1843) 45 He thought that
Milton had improved on Tasso’s devil by giving him neither
horns nor a tail. cx8g0 J. W. Croker in Croker Papers
(1884) ILI. xxvii. 215 By his bad character and ill-looking
appearance, like the devil with his tail cut off. 1868 Brown-
inc King & Bk. w. 1296 The devil appears himself, Armed
and accoutred, horns and hoofs and tail!
ce. In plural applied to ‘the Devil and his
angels’, the host of fallen and evil spirits for
whom hell was prepared : see 3.
2. From the identification of the devions, daipdria,
daipoves, of the Septuagint and New Testament
with Satan and his emissaries, the word has been
used from the earliest times in English, as equiva-
lent to or including DrMon (sense 2), applied a.
(in Scripture translations and references) to the
false gods or idols of the heathen; b. (in Apo-
crypha and N. Test.) to the evil or unclean spirits by
which demoniacs were possessed; ¢. in O. Test.
translating Heb, DYYYY hairy ones, ‘ satyrs’.
In the Vulgate, as in Gr., diabolus and demon are quite
distinct; but the Gothic of Ulfilas already uses unhulpa
(Ger. unhold) to render both words, and in all the modern
languages, devil, or its cognate, is used for demon as well
as for diabolus : see Demon.
& c8as Vesp. Psalter xcvi). 5 Fordon alle godas dioda
Sioful, dryhten sodlice heofenas dyde. axx75 Cott. Hom.
227 An me3ie cynn pe nefer ne abeah to nane deofel 3yld.
1340 Cursor M. 11759 (Trin.) Alle po deueles [Coft. ides :
Fair/, mawmettes) in a stounde Grouelynge fel to pe grounde.
1382 Wycuir Ps. cvi. 37 Thei offriden ther sones and ther
loztris to deuelis. [6x1 deuils, (R.V.) demons. So
Deut. xxxii. x7). — Acts xvii, 18 A tellere of newe
deuelis [age of newe fendis; 1526 Tinpate, a tyddynges
brynger off new devyls ; 3587 Geneva of newe Gods; 1612
of strange gods; 1881 (R.V.) strange gods (Gr. demons)).
— Rev. ix. 20 Thei worschipeden not deuels, and simu-
lacres golden, treenen, the whiche nether mowen see, nether
heere, nether wandre. 1555 WaTREMAN Fardle Facions u.
x. 210 He. .abolished all te” yn of deuilles, 1638 Six T,
Herserr 7'rav. 335 This Devill (or Molech) is of concave
pper .. double guilded. —" ‘Temples, wherein they
number 3333- little guilded Devils. 1 Litton P. L.1. 373
Devils to adore for deities. 1881 N. ‘I. (R.V.) 1 Cor. x. 20
The things which the Gentiles sacrifice, they sacrifice to
devils (marg, Gr. demons), and not to G
b. £950 indisf. Gosp. Matt. ix. 34 In aldormenn diowbla
he) fordrifes diowlas. c975 Rushw. G. ibid., In aldre deofla
e ut-weorped deoful. ¢ 1000 Ags G, ibid., On deofla ealdre
he drifd ut deoflu. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 39 Ure drihten
drof fele deules togedere ut of a man .. and Be swin urnen
alse deulen hem driuen, 1382 Wycuir A/a?t. ix. 34 In the
ince of deuelis he castith out deuilis. — Yohn x. 20
ath a deuel, and maddith, or wexith w —1 Tim. iv.
1 3yuynge tent to spiritis of errour, and to techingis of
deuels. — Rev. xvi. 14 Thre vncleene spirites .. sotheli
thei ben spirites of deuelis, makinge signes. 1548 Upatt
etc., Erasm, Par, Fohn 73», He hathe the Deuell (say
they) and is madde. 1604 C
‘anons Ecclesiastical \xxii.
Neither shal any Minister not licensed .. attempt .. to cast
out any deuill or deuils. 16x Bisex YoAn x. 20 He hatha
deuill and is av Be. Hatt Rem. Wks. (1660)
18 The ejection of Divells by fasting and prayer, 1881
| diablesse.
284.
N. T. (R. V.) Afatt. ix. 34 By the prince of the devils
ae out devils imwange’ accent
a ee 14 And ape 1p shul deueles
asse, a a man.
" Babilon fel doun fel onthe is maad
the habitacioun of deuelis [1611 deuils]. (Cf. Isa. xiii. 2.)
[1607 Torsett Four-f Beasts 11 The
and seldome seene Beast, hath occasioned others to thinke
it was a Deuill .. and it may be that Deuils haue at some,
time appeared to men in this likenes.]
d. fig. A baleful demon haunting or possessing
the spirit; a spirit of melancholy; an apparition
seen in delirtum tremens: see BLUE DEVIL.
cx
[1388
—- Rev. xviii. 2 Greet
_ 8. Hence, generically, A malignant being of
angelic or superhuman nature and powers ; one of
the host of Satan, as ‘ prince of the devils’, sup-
posed to have their proper abode in hell, and thence
to issue forth to tempt and injure mankind ; a fiend,
ademon. Also, applied to the malignant or evil
deities feared and worshipped by various heathen
people (cf. 2 a).
In medizval conception, devils (including Satan himself)
were clothed with various hideous and grotesque forms;
their usual appearance, however (still more or less retained
in art), was derived from the satyrs of Koman mythology,
or from the figure attributed to Pan, being a human form
furnished with the horns, tail, and cloven foot of a goat.
Beowulf 757 Wolde on heolster fleon, secan deofla zedrxg.
Jbid. 1680 Hit on ht zehwearf aefter deofla hryre, Denizea
frean. ax1o00 Crist 1531 (Cod. Exon. 30b) On bet deope
dz] deofol zefeallad. c117§ Lamb. Hom. 87 Ure ifan pet
beod pa deofles beod bisencte in to helle. c 1200 77in. Coll.
Hom, 69 Wited 3e..in pat eche fur pat is 3arked to deuules
and here fereden. /fd. 173 Hie ised bineden hem deflen
pe hem gredeliche ke ¢1200 OxMIN 1403 Alle pa patt
fellenn swa pe33 sirmdenn labe deofless. /4id. 10565 Deofle
floce. c1ago S. Eng. Leg. 1. 37 104 Pere nis no deuel pat
dorre noupe nei3z be come, for drede. ¢ 1380 Wyciir Sed.
IVks. 111. 450 A veyn blast of a fool, and, in cas, of a devyl.
1393 Lanci. P. PL C. xxu. 21 For alle deorke deoueles
dreden hit to huyre. c1430 //ymns Virg. (1867) 121 Develyn
schall com oute off helle. 1530 Patscr. 214/2 Divell she,
at Fisher | %s. (1876) 428 Thou shalt
yay thine owne debtes amongest the diuils in hell. x
Vinzet Four Scoir Thre Quest. § 70 Wks. 1888 I. Fi |
Ane terribill cumpany of dewlis hastalie apperand to him.
1602 Narcissus (2893). 330 The haire of the faire queene of
devills, 1605 Z. Jones tr. De Loyer's Specters title-p., The
Nature of Spirites, Angels, and Divels. 1632 Lirncow
Trav. 1x. 404 The Italians swore, I was a Divell and not
aman. a1646 J. Grecory Posthuma (1649) 96 This Lilith
was ..a kinde of shee-divel which killed children.
Fryer Acc. E. [ndia & P. 1. v, 180 The visible appear-
ance of a Devil or Daemon which they say is common
among them, 1842 TENNYSON St. Simeon Stylites 4 Scarce
meet For troops of devils. 1879 M. D, Conway Desmonol.
I. 1. iv, 36 A devil. .a being actuated by simple malevolence.
4. transf. Applied to human beings. a. A human
being of diabolical character or qualities ; a malig-
nantly wicked or cruel man; a ‘fiend in human
form’; in ME. sometimes a man of gigantic stature
or strength, a giant.
e960 Lindisf. Gosp. John vi. 70 Ic iuih tuelfo Zeceas & of
juh an diul [Aushw. diowul) is. ax1g4 O. £. Chron. an 1137
Pa fylden hi mid deoules & yuele men. ¢ 1205 Lay. 17669 He
. .wende anan rihte in to Winchastre swulc hit weore an hali
mon, be hadene deouel. cx1g00 Kom. Rose 4288 An olde
vecke .. The which devel, in hir enfaunce Hadde lerned
of Loves arte. ¢1470 Henry Wallace 1. 407 At thus
with wrang. thir dewillis suld bruk our land. c1goeo
Melusine xxxvi 256 Ayeynst this strong dyuell I ne may
withstand. 1509 Hawes /ast. Pleas. xxix. (Percy Soc.) 136
Some develles wyll theyr husbandes bete. 1604 SHAKs.
Oth, v. ii. 132 Thou do'’st bely her, and thou art a diuell,
1608-11 Be. Hace Medit. & Vows 1. § 6 That olde slaunder
of early holiness: A young Saint, an olde Devill : sometimes
young Devils have prooved olde Saints; never the contrary.
1611 Bintr Yokx vi. 70 Haue not I chosen you twelue, and
one of you is a deuill? 1642 Futter //oly & Prof. St. v.
xvii. 426 Devils in flesh antedate hell in inventing torments.
1726 Adv. Caft. R. Boyle 82 Thou Devil! said he to Susan,
and hast thou betray'd me. 1867 PARKMAN Jesuits N. Amer-
ica xxii. 319 He was a savage still, but not so often a devil.
b. In later use, sometimes, merely a term of
reprobation or aversion ; also playfully connoting
the qualities of mischievous energy, ability, clever-
ness, knavery, roguery, recklessness, etc., attributed
to Satan.
a pg oat E i 226 iS pe Eo Fy cer
iuell of wit. 1651 Life Father Sarpi (1676) 29 An e
in his behaviour, and a Devil .. in the Mathematic
1774 Gotpsm. Xetal. 57 So provoking a devil was Dick.
1778, Sneriwan Kivads uu. iv, An ill-tempered little devil !
She'll be in a passion all her life. 1849 ‘THackeray Pen-
dennis \vi, A man of great talents, who knew De deal..
and was a devil to play. 1854 Warrer Last ld Squires
xvi. 151 In our forefathers’ days the term devi? (for instance,
‘queer devil’, ‘rum devil’) a tion,
intimating more of the knave than of the fool, but not with-
out a strong dash of the humourist, :
ec. Applied in contempt or pity (chiefly with
poor): A poor wretc fellow, one in a sorry
plight, a luckless wight. [So in It., Fr., etc.)
1698 T. Frocer Voy. 160 The poor Devil was condemned
to have his head off. 1768 Srerne Sent. Fourn.
(2778) 36 (Montriu am apt to be taken .. when a poor
devil comes to offer his service to so poor a devil as myself,
1816 Scort Axtig. xxi, ‘ What can we do for that puirdoited
deevil of a knight-baronet?’ 1850 Lp. Beaconsrietp Let.
16 Nov. in Corr. w. Sister \egaed 250 pec the high Pro-
testant horse, and making the poor devils of Puseyites the
ee F, E. Trottore Charming Fellow 1. xiii.
1 y should he do anything .. for a poor devil like me?
1698 .
DEVIL.
d. Applied also to a vicious, evil-tempered, or
mischievous beast.
1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales 11. 44 He was the fastest
trotter in the ta devil.
woman.)
1683 Moxon Mechanic Exercises 11, The Press-man some-
times has a Week-Boy to Take Sheets, as they are Printed
off the Tympan: These Boys do in a prey eee,
commonly black and Dawb themselves : whence t!
men do focosely call them Devils; and sometimes Spirits,
and sometimes Flies. 1709 Stee.e Tatler No. FH P13 Mr.
Bickerstaff’s Messepger, or (as the Printers call him Devil,
grins to the Press. a 1764 Lioyp Dialogue Poet. W) 1774
I. 4 And in the morning when I stir, Pop comes a Devil
‘Copy Sir’. 178: Jounson 20 Apr. in Boswell, He had
married a printer's devil. .. I thought a printer’s devil was
a creature with a black face and in rags. .. Yes, sir: but
1 suppose he had her face washed put clean clothes
on her. 1836 Smart s. v. Sematology, Mr. Woodfall’s
men, from the devil up to the reader. 1849 E. E. Narier
Excurs. S. Africa \, p. xxviii, As neither space, time, nor
printers devils are under con I must fore content
myself with the above brief. . review.
b. A junior legal counsel who does professional
work for his leader, usually without fee. A//orney-
General’s Devil, a familiar name of the Junior
Counsel to the Treasury.
Pt , Pe p. Campsett Lives Chief Fustices U1. xxxiv. 437
He [Lord Mansfield] had signed and forgotten both opinions,
—which were, perhaps, written by devils or deputies.
Echo 14 Nov. (Farmer), Sir James Hannen, we are told,
was a Devil once. 1884 Bath Frni. 12 July 8/1 Mr. Clarke
was offered the post of ‘ devil’ to the Attorney General, and
his declining may be said to have been without precedent.
1888 Pall Mall G. 29 Dec. 3/1 It is * no means an un-
common thing for an Attorney-G: 's ‘devil’, or point
and case hunter, to be offered eae ee 4
c. One employed by an author or writer to do
subordinate parts of his literary work under his
direction; a literary ‘hack’; and generally one
who does work for which another receives the
credit or remuneration or both.
1888 Star 8 Aug., Certain age ae | the Early English
Text, Chaucer, Shakspere, etc., thoug ¢ employers of
‘ devils’, pay the highest wages. 1891 [see Devit v. 3c).
6. fig. Applied to qualities. a. The personifi-
cation of evil and undesirable qualities by which
a human being eg | be possessed or actuated.
Usually with some fig. reference to sense 2.)
1604 Suaks. Ofh. u. iit. 297 It hath ‘d the diuell
drunkennesse, to giue place to the di wrath. 1606 —
Tr. & Cr. i. iii, 23, I haue said my prayers and _diuell,
enuie, say Amen. /éid. v. ii. 55 How the diuell Luxury
.. tickles these together. De For 7rue-born Eng.
104 Ingratitude, a Devil of Black Renown. SnHetiey
Cenci nu. i. 45 The devil was rebuked that lives in 1828
Scort F. M. Perth xxx, The devil of istry, with which
thou art possessed. 1842 Tennyson Walking to Mail 13
Vex'd with a morbid devil in his blood. 18§5 — Sai/or Boy
24 A devil rises in my heart, Far worse than any death to
me. 1884 H. Broapnurst in Forts. Rev. Mar. 347 The devil
of short-sighted greed is powerful enough if left alone.
b. coll . Temper, spirit, or energy that can be
roused; fighting spirit; perplexing or baffling
strategy of attack (as in cricket). :
1823 Gent/. Mag. Nov. 434/2 They must have Devi/ enoug!
7‘ do salient tileen 1847 Lo. G. Bentinck in Croker
Papers (1884) II, 156 That any nation was so without
‘devil’ in it as to have laid down and died as tamely as the
Trish have. 1884 Hon. I. Brion in Lillywhite’s Cricket
Aun. 5 Evans bowled steadily, but without much ‘devil’.
7. Used (generally with qualifications) as the
name of various animals, on account of their char-
acteristics, e.g. Zasmantan devil, a carnivorous
marsupial of Tasmania (Sarcophilus ursinus) ; Sea
Devil, the Devit-FisH: cf. also Sra-.
1686 Ray Millon, *s Hist. Piscium m, 1. i. 85 heading,
Rana piscatrix, ‘oad-fish or be gm or -Divel.
r S. L. tr. beat Voy. E. Ind. 286 There is a sort of
1799 Naval
ius .. or Sea Devil, is a genus of the h
er, 1832 Biscuorr Van Dieman's Land ii.
devil, or as naturalists term it ‘dasyurus ursinus’ is ve
roperly named. Trorrau A/aine W’.(1894) 381 ‘ Devil
that is, Indian Devil, or cougar] about here—very
d animal.’ 1862 Jonson Australia vii, 186 Colonists
in Tasmania .. called it the ‘ devil’ from the havoc it made
among their sheep and poultry. f
b. A local name of the Swift (Cypse/us apus) ;
uous fligh its dark colour, it is called
(hers). —— Devil (Northumb.), Skeer Devil (Devon,
t), Devs irene Decay evilshrit raven).
e. A collector’s name of a tropical shell, Cyno-
donta turbinellus. Obs.
1776 Da Costa Elem. Conchel. 291 (Plate V, fig. 5), A
Murex, The Devil. i
8. A name of various instruments or mechanical
contrivances, esp. such as work with sharp teeth or
spikes, or do destructive work, but also applied,
DEVIL.
with more or less obvious allusion, to others.
Among these are
a. A machine used for tearing open and cleaning wool,
cotton, flax, and other fibres, preparatory to spinning; also
called zw7llow, willower, willy. b. A machine used to tear
up old cloth and reduce it to ‘shoddy’, to be worked up
again into cloth; also one used to tear up linen and cotton
rags, etc., for manufacture into paper. c. An instrument
( a devil of a fellow he is.] x
used for feloniously cutting and destroying the nets of |
fishermen at sea. d. An instrument of iron wire used by
‘oldsmiths for holding gold to be melted in a blow-pipe
eee e. An iron grate used for fire in the open air.
1831 J. Hottanp Manuf. Metal, Certain implements
acting with a boss and a slit block of iron, called a devil.
1836 ‘ G. Heap Home Tour 144 The town of Dewsbury
. celebrated for. .grinding old garments into new; literally
tearing in pieces fusty old rags .. by.a machine called a
‘devil’, till a substance very like the original is reproduced.
1851 Maynew Lond. Labour (1861) II. 30 ‘Shoddy’..
consists of the second-hand wool manufactured by the tear-
ing up, or rather grinding, of woollen rags by means of |
coarse willows, called devils. 1860 42/7 Vear Round No. 57.
160 Where the ‘devil’ first beats the cotton from the bale.
1867 O. W. Hotmes Guard. Angel xxv. (1891) 304 To the
paper factory, where they have a horrid machine they call the
devil, that tears everything to bits. 1870 Eng. Mech. 31 Dec.
610/1 The machine .. is called a willow, or willey, vulgarly
a devil ; it is used principally for opening raw cotton. 1872
Manch. Guardian 24 Sept. (farmeth Mr. Powell’s Bill con-
tains abundant powers for suppressing the vile nuisance
known as the American Devil [steam whistle or hooter]. 1874
Knicut Dict. Mech., Devil, a machine for making wood
screws. 1879 Cassell s Techn. Educ. 1V.349/2 [He] dives into
the recesses of his skin for the ‘devil’ which is a bunch of
matted iron wire. 1880 7izes 13 Dec., An instrument called
‘the Devil’ used by foreign fishermen for destroying the
fishing nets of —— boats on the East coast. 1883
Stonemason Jan., Dried by means of sundry coke fires
kept burning in iron grates called ‘devils’, similar to those
used by the Gas Company’s men in our streets. 1884
Sat. Rev. 12 July 61/1 ‘ Devils’... are used to catch sea-
trout in America, but Mr. Fitch justly regards ‘devils’
as an unsportsmanlike device. 1886 Pall Mall G. 7 Dec.
10/1 There were exhibited in the court room three Belgian
‘devils’ and three Belgian grapnels which had been captured
by Lowestoft fishermen. 1887 Harper's Mag. June 119/r
The devil, a hollow cone with spikes projecting within,
ainst which work the spikes of a drum, dashing the rags
fout at great speed. 1893 Sfar 15 July 3/2 ‘The machine
for unloading grain .. not inaptly named a ‘devil’, will ..
do the work of four gangs of dock laborers of 12 men each.
— Daily Chronicle 7 Jan, 8/3 The match was only brought
off at Cardiff by the extraordinary precautions for warming
the ground by means of ‘devils’. :
9. A name for various highly-seasoned broiled or
fried dishes; also for hot ingredients.
1786 Craic Lounger No. 86 Make punch, brew negus, and
season a devil. Wo corr (P. Pindar) Peter to Tom
Wks. 1812 I. 5 y Devil..I mean a Turkey's Gizzard
So christen’d for its quality, by man Because so oft ’tis
loaded with Kian. 1820 W. Irvine Sketch-bh., L’ Envoy
(1865) 458 Another holds a curry or a devil in titter abomi-
nation. 1828 Smeaton Doings in London (Farmer), ‘The
extract of Capsicums or extract of Grains of Paradise is
known in the gin-selling trade by the appellation of the
Devil. 1830 G, Grirrin Collegians xiii, The drumstick of
a [acy or turkey, grilled and highly spiced, was called
a devil. ¢ 1844 THackeray Mr. § Mrs. Berry ii, The de-
villed fowl had ..no devil in it. 1848 Paddiana (ed. 2) 1.
50 Devils were his forte: he imparted a pungent relish to
a
a
a gizzard or a drumstick ‘that set the assuaging power of |
drink at defiance. 1889 BoLpREwoop Robbery under Arms
(1890) 327 Let’s .. have a devil and a glass of champagne.
10. The name of various forms of fireworks ; also
‘a sort of priming made by damping and bruising
gunpowder’ (Smyth Sazlors’ Word-bk.).
1742 Fiecpinc ¥. Andrews ui. vii, The captain .. pinned
a cracker or devil to the cassock. 1807 W. IrvinG Sa/mag.
(1824) 135 Like a nest of squibs and devils in a firework.
1809 Naval Chron. XXII. 203 Rockets, infernals, fire-devils.
1836 IT. Hook G. Gurney vii, Four devils or wild-fires, such
as we were in the habit of making at school.
ll. The name given to sand-spouts or moving
columns of sand in India and Eastern countries.
1835 Burnes 7rav. Bokhara (ed. 2) III. 40 Whirlwinds,
that raised the dust to a great height, and moved over the
plain like water-spouts at sea. In India these phenomena
are familiarly known by the name of devils. 1886 Burton
Arab. Nts. 1. 99 note, Devils, or pillars of sand, vertical
and inclined, measuring a thousand feet high, rush over the
plain. 1889 Daily News 8 July (Farmer), Clouds of dust..
went whirling across the common in spiral cones like desert
Devils. 1893 Eart Dunmore Pairs 1. 269 The amount
of devils we saw was surprising. (Mote) Common in the
plains of India, where they are called by the natives Bagoola.
English people in India call them ‘devils’.
12. Short for devil-bolt: see 24. :
1873 PuimsoLt Our Seamen, an Appeal 37 ‘ Oh, devils are
sham bolts, you know ; that is, when they ought to be cop-
per, the head and about an inch of the shaft are of copper,
and the rest-is iron’.. Seventy-three devils were found in
one ship by one of the surveyors of Lloyd’s.
18. aut. ‘ The seam which margins the water-
ways on a ship’s hull’ (Smyth Satlor’s Word-bk.) ;
“a seam between the garboard-strake and the keel’
(Funk and Wagnall). .
Hence various writers derive the phrase ‘ the devil to pay
and no pitch hot’; but this is prob. only a secondary and
humorous application of ‘ the devil to pay’: cf. 22 j.
14. 4 devil of a...: a diabolical example or
specimen of a ..., one (of the things in question)
of a diabolical, detestable, or violently irritating
kind; passing into a mere intensive, =a deuced,
confounded, very violent. [So F. diadle de.|
[2749 Fietpinc Jom Yones xi. vii, You don’t know what
285
S. Paterson Another Trav.
I. 345 Running downhill at the devil of a rate. 1794 Scott
Let. to Miss Rutherford 5 Sept. in Lockhart, Both within
and without doors, it was a devil of a day. 1819 Byron
Fuan u. xi, A devil of asea rolls in that bay. 1822 Suet-
Leyin 7. ZL. Peacock’s Wks. (1875) IIL. 477 A devil of a nut
it is to crack. 1826 J. Witson Noct. Ambr. Wks. 1855 1.
180 What an outlandish toozy-headed wee sunbrunt deevil
o’ a lassie that. 1852 R. S. Surtees Sfonge’s Sp. Tour
liv. 313 We had a devil of a run—I don’t know how many
miles. 1869 TroLLore He Anew, etc. liv. (1878) 299 Lead
him the very devil of a life. — Besant Demoniac v. 53
There will be a devil of a fight when the time comes.
15. predicatively ; Something as bad as the devil,
as bad as can be conceived, the worst that can
happen or be met with. [F. cest bien le diable, le
diable est que . .)
1710 Brit. Apollo Il. No. 60. 2/2 To quit a Yielding
Mistress is the Devil. @1735 GranvitLe (J.), A war of
profit mitigates the evil; But to be tax’d, and beaten, is the
devil. 1798 Soutney Ballad of Cross Roads 7 In such a
sweltering day as this A knapsack is the devil. 1827 Scorr
¥Frnl, 28 June, To be cross-examined by those who have
seem the true thing is the devil. 1885 Scribuer’s Mag.
XXX. 734/2 These Southern girls are the very devil.
16, Leke the devil, like devils (¥. comme le diable,
comme tows les diables|, beside the more literal
sense, sometimes means: With the violence, des-
peration, cleverness, or other quality attributed to
the devil; extremely, excessively : cf. Dianoi-
CALLY. So in similes, e.g. as drunk as the d.,
diabolically drunk.
1599 Suaks. //en, V. 111, vii. 162 They will eate like Wolues,
and fight like Deuils. 1632 Lirucow 7vav. vi. 345 ‘The
distressed Protestants .. over whom they domineered like
Divells. 1791‘G.GamsBavo’ A x2. Horsent, ix. (1809) 106 My
horse .. pulls like the devil. 1816 Sporting Mag. XLVIII.
39 A man is said to be.. when he is very impudent, as
drunk as the devil. 1847 Emerson Refr. Men, Napoleon
Wks. (Bohn) I, 378 He disputed like a devil on these two
points,
II. In imprecations, exclamations, proverbs,
and phrases.
17. In imprecations, wishes of evil, and the like,
as The devil take him, etc. (Cf. similar uses with
deuce, mischief, pest, plague, pox, etc.’
¢1300 Havelok 1188 Godrich hem hatede, be deuel him
hawe! cxrq10 Sir Cleges 515 The styward seyd.. the
dewle hym Born [=burn] on a lowe! c1460 7owneley
Myst. (Surtees) 175 The dwille he hang you highe to dry!
e500 Robin Hood & Potter \xxvit. in Child Baddads U1.
v. cxxi. 113/2 The deyell spede hem, bothe bodey and
bon. 1513 Douctas nes 1. Prol. 260 A twenty devill
mot fall his werk at anis. 1548 Hatt Chron. 14 b, Saiyng,
the devill take Henry of Lancastre and the together. 1600
Suaks. A. Y. LZ. 111. ii. 225 Nay, but the diuell take mocking :
speake sadde brow, and true maid. a@ 1652 Brome Queene’s
Exch. i. ii. Wks. 1873 111. 485 Now the Dee’l brast crag
of him. 1738 Swirr Polite Conv. 129 Here take it, and the
D—I do you good with it. 1749 Fretpinc 7om Younes vu.
xii, The devil take my father for sending me thither. 1833
‘Tennyson 7 he Goose, ‘The Devil take the goose, And God
forget the stranger !”
18. To goto the devil: to go to ruin or perdition.
In the imperative, expressing angry impatience, and
desire to be rid of the person addressed. So fo wish
any one at the devil, etc. [F. aller, envoyer, donner,
étre au diable.]
[c1394 J. MaLverne Contn. Higden: Rolls) 1X. 33 Excan-
duit rex (Rich. II] et..dixit ei [comiti Arundel], ‘Quod si
tu mihi imponas .. vadas ad diabolum’.] c1460 7owneley
Myst.(Surt.)10 Go to the deville, and say I bad. ¢ 1489 Caxton
Sonnes of Aymon iii. 102 Lete theym go to a hundred thou-
sand devils! 1553 ‘I’. Witson X/ez. (1580) 178 All his Super-
stition and Hypocrisie, either is or should be gone to the
devill. 1568 Grarron Chron. II. 367 They curssed them
betwene their teeth, saiyng : Get ye into England, or to the
devill. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 77vav. 102 Ere they could
strangle him, he sent three of them to the Devill. 1822
Haziirt Zadle-t., Disagreeable People (1852) 121 Whether
they are demons or angels in themselves, you wish them ..
at the devil. 1823 Byron Yuan x. Ixvi, When a man’s
country’s going to the devil. 18539 H. Kincstey G. Hamlyn
xxxii, Tom .. having told her .. to go to the devil. 1881
W. H. Matrock Rom. 19th Cent. I. 219, I wish ., the little
animal was at the devil.
+19. A devil way (adv.): originally an impatient
strengthening of Away (a being the prep., varying
with ov, 2, and devele the genitive pl., OE. deofla) ;
further intensified as a twenty devil way, on aller
or alther (corrupted to al/ the) devil way, on aller
twenty devil way. Obs.
c1ago S. Eng. Leg. I. 203/124 Pov worst lif and soule
a deuele wei al clene inome. 1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 2298
And bad hire go, that ilche dai, On alder twenti deuel wai !
¢ 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 2177 Ariadne, A twenty develewe
the wynd hym dryue, ¢ 1386 — Reeve's 7. 337 And fort
he goth a [3 AZSS. on, Hard, in] twent deal Way. c¢ 1460
Yowneley Myst. (Surt.) 130 Go hens, harlottes, in twenty
dewille way, Fast and belyfe! /d/d. 176,
. +b. In later times it appears to have been taken
more vaguely, as an expression of impatience, and
sometimes = ‘in the devil’s name.’ Oés.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Miller's Prol, 26 Tel on, a deueleway [v.7.
adelewey]. — Sompn. 7.534 Lat hym go honge hymself
a[Harl. on] deuel way. — A/iller’s T. 527. — Can. Yeom.
Prol. & T. 229. 1440 Sir Degrev.776 Go and glad thi
est, In alther [Jvznted all the] devyl way! cx owneley
Syst. (Surt.) ro Sit downe in the dewille way, With thi vayn
carpyng. /éid. 18 Com downe in twenty deville way.
2a1g00 Chester Pl., Deluge 219 Come in, wife, in 20 devills
waye, or els stand there without. @ 1529 Sketton Hs. I.
DEVIL.
336 That all the worlde may say, Come downe, in the devyll
way. 1530 Parser. 838 In the twenty devyll way, az none
du grant diable. : : : é
20. As an expression of impatience, irritation,
strong surprise, dismay, or vexation. a. After an
interrogative word, as who, what, how, where, when.
[App. taken directly from Fr.; cf. rath c. OF. comment
dtables! dist li rois au vis fier; diables being in the nomi-
native (=vocative case); mod.F. gue diable faire!; in ME.
also what devil, about 1600 often what a devil. Also in
Ger., Du., Da. and other langs.]
¢1385 Cuaucer L. G. IW. 2694 Hyfermestre, What devel
have I with the knyfe to doo? ¢1440 Vork Alyst. xxxi. 237
What the deuyll and his dame schall y now doo? 1460
Zowneley Myst. Surtees) 114 What the deville is this? he
has a long snowte. 1470-85 Matory 47‘hur x. xlvili, What
deuylle doo ye in this Countrey? ¢ 1489 Caxton Sovnes of
Aymon xix. 408 How the devyll dare ye thus speke? 1529
More Dyalogue ut. v. Wks. 214 Why, quod he, what deuill
rigour could thei more haue shewed? 1562 J. Heywoov
Prov. §& Epigr. (1867) 183 When the diuell will ye come in?
1568 Grarton Chron. 11. 355 Who the devill hath senie for
them? 1§89 PuTtennamM Avg. Poesée i, xxiii. (Arb.) 274
What a diuell tellest thou to me of iustice? 1596 Suaks.
1 Hen. LV, 1. ii. 6 What a diuell hast thou to do with the
time of the day? 1670 G. H. /Vist. Cardinals 1. 11.40 How
a Devil will the Pope observe the Decrees of a Councel ?
1692 WASHINGTON tr. AZilton’s Def. Pop. viii. (1851) 184
What the Devil is it to you? 1749 Fietpinc 7om Fones
xv. v, Why, who the devil are you? 1803 tr. Ledrun's
Afons. Botte 1. 155 What the devil business had she in the
store-room? 1819 Byron Yuan. c, And wonders why the
devil he got heirs. @ 1845 Hoop Ludé/ady ii, What the devil
makes him cry? a
b. Used interjectionally, or prefixed to a predi-
cation.
¢ 1460 Towneley Myst. (Surt.) 67 Dwylle! what may this
be? Out, harow, fulle wo is me!.. A, fy, and dewyls !
whens cam he That thus shuld reyfe me my pawste. 1589
Pappe w. Hatchet. Biij, She is dead: the diuell shee
is. 1590 Suaks. Com, Err. wv. iv. 130 Will you be bound
for nothing, be mad good Master, cry the diuell. 1709
STEELE Zatlery No. 107 P13 ‘he Devil! He cried out,
Who can bear it? 1832 Blackw. Alag. Jan. 63/1‘ The Pacha
has put twelve ambassadors to death already.’ ‘The devil
he has! and I’m sent here to make up the baker’s dozen!’
1854 Emerson Lett. § Soc. Aims, Comic Wks. (Bobn) III.
209 ‘That is W,’ said the teacher, ‘The Devil!’ exclaimed
the boy, ‘is that W?’
21. Expressing strong negation: prefixed to a
substantive, as the devil a bit, the devil a penny.
1508 KenneviE Flyting w. Dunbar 441 The deuill a gude
thou hais! 1542 Upatt Evasi. Apoph. (1877) 132 ‘Vhe
Deuill of the one chare of good werke they doen. 1579
Fuike Confut. Sanders 697 ‘ Godly images leade vs to spiri-
tuall deuotion.” The Diuel they doe. But if they did,
yet not more then the ceremonies of the olde law. ¢ 1590
[artowe Faust, Wks.(Rtldg.) 90/1 The devil a penny they
have left me, but a bare pension. 160r Suaxs. 7 wed. .V.
ul. iii, 159 ‘he diu’ll a Puritane that hee is, or any thing
constantly, a 1661 Futrer /i/orthies (1811) 1. 386 We have
an English expression, ‘ he Devil he doth it, the Devil he
hath it’; where the addition of Devil amounteth only to
a strong denial, equivalent to, ‘He doth it not, he hath it
not.’ 1708 Mortteux Rabelais (1737) V. 221 The Devil-a-
Bit he'll see the better. 1710 Brit. Apollo IIL. No. 78. 3/1
The D—I was Sick, the D—1 a Monk would be, The D—I
was Well, the D—l a Monk was he. 1828 Scott /. J/.
Perth xxvii, The deil a man dares stir you within his
bounds. 1832 ELxvaminer 349/1 Devil another word would
she speak.
22. In proverbs and proverbial phrases.
a. The devil and all: Everything right or wrong
(especially the wrong) ; the whole confounded lot ;
all or everything bad: cf. also g. below. (But
sometimes a strengthened form of sense 15.)
1543 Bate Vet a Course, Baptyzed bells, bedes, organs. .
the devyll and all of soche idolatrouse beggery. 1592
Nasue P. Penilesse Aiij, Masse thats true; they say the
Lawyers haue the deuill and al. 1606 Warner 4/6. Exg.
xvi. cili, Be Lawyers, get the Diuelland all. 1689 Hicker-
INGILL Ceremony-Monger Wks. 1716 Il. 507 He may get
the Devil and all of Money, and a Purse as large as his
Conscience. 1703 Mrs. CenTLivreE Love's Contriv. v, If
she cou'd steal a husband, she’d have stole the Devil and
all of Gallants. 18rz1 Eart Gower 18 Dec. in C. A. Sharpe's
Corr. (1888) I. 508, I begin to fear that the rheumatism has
taken possession of your right arm .. which would be the
devil and all, as the vulgar would say. 1838 DickENs
O. Twist xx, I needn't take this devil-and-all trouble to
explain matters to you.
b. Between the d. and the deep (formerly also
Dead) sea.
1637 Monro Exfed. 1. 55 (Jam.), I, with my partie, did
lie on our poste, as betwixt the devill and the deep sea.
1690 W. Wacker /diomat. Anglo-Lat. 394 Between the
devil and the dead sea. 1721 Ketty Sc. Prov. 58 (Jam.)
Between the Deel and the deep sea; that is between two
difficulties equally dangerous. 1816 [see Dein 1]. 1894
H. H. Gisss Colloguy on Currency 199 You must remember
that he was between the devil and the deep sea.
e. Black as the d., to paint the d. blacker than
he ts,.and kindred expressions. Give the devil his
-due: see DUE.
1596 Lopce Margarite Amer. 84 Divels are not so blacke
as they be painted . . nor women so wayward as they seeme.
1642 Howett For. 7vav. (Arb.) 65 For the devill is not so
black as he is painted, no more are these Noble Nations and
Townes as they are tainted. 1654 WuITLocK Zootomia 271
They use their Adversary according to the Preverb, painting
the Devill blacker then he is, 1837 A. FonsLtanque £xg.
under 7 Administ. 1. 226 That the Devil of Charles X could
be painted blacker than his complexion would prove, —
da. When the d. is blind: at a date infinitely
remote, at the Greek calends, or ‘latter Lammas’.
DEVIL.
1662 Kump Songs (1874) 1.9 But when this comes to passe,
say the Devil is blind. ¢1702 Bagford Ballads (1876) 5
we will be Married, When the Devil is Blind. 1725 Baitey
Erasm., Collog. ( 1877) 216 (D.) They will bring it when the
devil is blind [id fret ad Calendas Grecas). 1738 Swirt
Polite Convers.i.(v.), Nev. V’ll make you a fine present one
of these days. J/iss. Ay, when the Devil is blind, and his
eyes are not sore yet. .
e. The devil's hostility to the Cross; sometimes
with a play upon ‘cross’ as a coin. :
@1g29 SKkeLton Bowge of Courte 35 The deuyll myghte
daunce therin for any crowche. 1612 Suevton Quix. 1.1. vi.
4 It is a common saying—‘The Devil lurks behind the
hon 1627 Drayton Agincourt 82 III's the precession
(and foreruns much losse,) Wherein men say, the Deuill
heares the Crosse. 1636 Massincer Bashf. Lover 1. i,
‘The devil sleeps in my pocket : I have no cross To drive him
from it. 1726 Adv. Caft. R. Boyle 209 Leaving Room in
all our Pockets for the Devil to Dance a Saraband, for we
had not one Cross to keep him out.
+f. The date of the devil is opposed to the date
of our Lord; but 72 the devil's date is also =‘in
the devil’s name’. Ods.
1362 Lancv. 7. Pé. A. 1.81 In pe Date of pe deuel pe
Deede was a-selet. 1526 Sketton Maguy/. 954 What needed
that, in the devyls date? a1seq — Sp. Parrot 439 Yet
the date of ower Lord And the date of the Devyll dothe
shrewdlye accord. — Bowge of Courte 375 In the devils
date, What arte thou?
g. Thed. and all) to do: much ado, a world of
trouble or turmoil.
1708 MottEeux Kaébelais v. iii, There was the Devil and all
to do. xr71% Swiet Jrul. to Stella 17 Nov., This being
queen Elisabeth's birthday, we have the d and all to do
among us. 1722 ArsuTHNOT John Bull in. v, Then there
was the devil and all to do: spoons, plates, and dishes flew
about the room like mad. 1716 Swirt PAillis 39 See here
again the devil todo. ax1774 Gotpso. tr. Scarron's Comic
Rom. (1775\ 1. 42 Here had been the devil and all to do.
h. The devil’s aversion to holy water.
1570-6 LamBarvE /’eramb. Kent (1826) 301 The olde
Proverbe how well the Divell loveth holy water. 1738 Swirt
Polite Convers. 149, 1 love Mr. N—, as the Devil loves
Holy Water. fod. To hate ——, as the devil hates holy
water,
i. As the devil looked over Lincoln.
(Popularly referred to a grotesque sculpture on the exterior
of Lincoln Cathedral.)
1562 J. Heywoop Prov. 4& Efigr. (1867) 75 Than wold ye
looke ouer me, with stomake swolne, Like as the diuel
lookt ouer Lincolne. a 1661 Futter Woxthies Oxf. & Linc.
Prov. (D.). 1737 Pore Hor. Epist. u. ii. 245 Yet these are
wights who fondly call their own Half that the Devil o’er-
looks from Lincoln town. 1738 Swirt Podite Convers, 86
She looked at me, as the Devil look’d over Lincoln.
j. The devil to pay.
Supposed to refer to the alleged bargains made by wizards,
etc.,with Satan, and the inevitable payment to be made to
him in the end. It has also been attributed to the difficulty
of ‘paying’ or caulking the seam called the ‘devil’, near
a ship's keel, whence the expanded form ‘the devil to pay
and no pitch hot’. But there is no evidence tbat this is the
original sense, and it has never affected the general use of
the proverb.
171x Swirt Yru/. to Stella 28 Sept. (Farmer), And then
there will be the devil and all to pay. 1728 Vanar. & Cis,
Prov. Hush. v. i. 93 In comes my Lady Townly here ..
who..has had the Devil to pay yonder. 1738 Swirt Polite
_ Convers. 179, | must be with my Wife on Tuesday, or there
will be the Devil and all to pay. 1820 Byron in Moore
Life & Lett. (1833 III. 63 There will be the devil to pay,
and there is no saying who will or who will not be set down
in his bill. 1837 Mrs. Cartyie ‘ett. 1. 72 Had he been
laid up at present, there would have been the very devil to
pay. 1892 A. Birkett Res Fudic. xii. 272 Then, indeed—
to use a colloquial expression—there would be the devil to
pay-
k. 70 play the devil (the very d., the d. and all) :
to act diabolically, do mischief, make havoc or ruin.
1542 Boorpe Dyetary ix. (1870) 250 The malt worme
playeth the deuyll so fast in the heade. a1s92 Greene
Alphonsus 1, Burning towns, and sacking cities fair, Doth
play the devil wheresome’er he comes. 1594 Suaks. Kich.
117, 1. iii. 338 Seeme a Saint, when most Tis the deuill.
1656 Jeanes Mixt. Schol. Div. 119 The word was incar-
nate, and shall we play the incarnate Divels? 1811 in
Col. Hawker Diary (1893) I. 35, I should have played the
devil with his pheasants. 1826 Scorr ¥rn/. 15 Apr., A bad
report from that quarter would play the devil. 1833 MArryaT
P. Simple xxxviii, Salt water plays the devil with a uniform.
1838 Dickens Nich. Nick. xvi, Your firm and determined
paneer ..to play the very devil with everything and
everybody.
* 1. Speak or talk of the d., and he will appear.
ne Cataplus, a mock Poem 72 (in Hazlitt Prov.) Talk
of the Devil, and see his horns. a17ax Prior //ans Carvel
71 Forthwith the Devil did appear, For name him and he’s
always near. 1738 Swirr /oltte Conv. 1 He's just comin
towards us. Talk of the Devil! 1853 Trencun Prove
vi, To talk as little about the devil .. as they can; lest he
a r. 1893 G. ALLEN Scallywag I. 10 ‘Talk of the devil !
~— Here comes Thiselton !'
m. Zhe d. among the tailors: a row going on
(see Farmer Slang Dict. s.v.); also a game.
1834 Lv. Lonponperry Let. 27 May in Court Will. 1V &
Victoria (1861) \1. iv. 98 Reports are various as to the state of
the enemy's camp, but all agree that there is the devil among
the tailors. 185: Mavuew Lond. Labour (1861) Il. 17
A game known as the ‘ Devil among the tailors’. . a top was
set spinning on a long board, and the result nded upon
the number of men, or ‘tailors’, knocked down by the‘ devil’
(top) of each player.
n. In other expressions epee | self-explanatory).
To pull the devil by the tail(F. tirer le diable par la queue) :
to be in difficulties or straits. 70 whip the devil round the
|
286
stump(U.S.): ‘ to get round or dodge a difficulty or dilemma
by means of a fabricated or expl. ion (Cent. Dict.)
1553 I. Witson XAet. (1580) 26 Every man for himselfe,
the Devill for us all, catche that catche maie. a 1555
Rivtey Ws. 10 It is also a true eo that it is
Eywoop /’rov. &
even sin to lie w the devil. rage
Ehigr. (1867) 60, I will not beare the diuels sacke, by saint
u
Proverbe, the divell is full of knowledge,
olde. 1593 Pass. Morrice 74 Like will tolike, quoth the Devell
to the Collier. 1599 Minsuev Dial. Sp. & Eng. (1623) 35/2
Let us not give the divell his dinner. 16zx Corer. s.v. Ae-
tirer, Vo giue a thing and take a thing ; to weare the diuells
old-ring. 1615 SweTNaM A rvraignm. Wom. aes p. xvi,
‘hey will finde that they haue but the Deuill by the foote.
1687 Concreve Old Bach. 1. iv, Ay there you've nicked it—
there’s the devil upon devil. 1690 W. Wacker /diomat.
Anglo-Lat. 49 What is got over the devil's back is spent
under his belly. a 1704 E Brown Ws. (1760) IL. 194 (D-}
We became as great friends as the Devil and the Earl of
Kent. — /did. II. 245 (D.) The devil and nine-pence
go with her, that’s money and company, according to the..
sates. 1738 Swirt Polite Conv, 182 Well, since he’s gone,
the Devil go with him and Sixpence ; and there’s Money agd
Company too. 1708 Motreux Radedais 1. xxxiii. (1737) 138
There will be the Devil upon Dun. This is a worse Business
than that t’other Day. ¢1708 W. Kine Art of Love 1. 82
She'd run, As would the Devil upon Dun. 1709 Brit. Apollo
|
|
. 1881 Perris Guazzo's Civ. Conv. 1. (1586) 79 The |
That ousucs
II. No. 56. 3/2 At Play 'tis often said, When Luck returns— |
The Devil's dead. 1720 De For Caft. Singleton i. (1840) |
8 He that is shipped with the devil must sail with the devil.
1738 Swirt Pod. Convers. 13 It rain'’d, and the Sun shone at
the same time .. Why, then the Devil was beating his Wife
behind the Door, with a Shoulder of Mutton. /bid. 159,
I beg your Pardon: but they say, the Devil made Askers.
Ibid. 200 As great as Cup and Can .. Ay, Miss; as great
as the Devil and the Earl of Kent. 1822 Byron Werner
v. i. 427 Father, do not raise The devil you cannot lay be-
tween us. a 1832 Bentuam |ks, (1838-43) X. 25 So fond of
spending his money on antiquities, that he was always |
pulling the devil by the tail. 1840 Baruam /ugol. Leg.,
‘St. Dunstan’, Vhe Devil, they say, "Tis easier at all times
to raise than to lay. 1846 Wuatety Xhetoric \ed 7) Addi-
tions 14 Various evasions and equivocations, such as are’
vulgarly called ‘cheating the Devil’. 1855 TENNYSON
Maud 1. i. xix, I will bury myself in myself, and the Devil
may pipe to his own. 1857 .V. ¥. Evening Post (Bartlett),
There, you are now whipping the devil around the stump!
1892 Hon. E. Brake in Daily News 5 Aug. 3/4 Time enough
to bid the Devil good morning when you meet him.
©. Other phrases see under leading words, as
to hold a CANDLE fo the d., the d. and his Dam, the
d, in the HOROLOGE, ete.
III. attrib. and Comb.
23. General combinations. a. ‘ devil’ 2 appost-
tion, as devil-god, -jatlor, -monk, -porter, etc. Hence
as vb. fo devil-porter it, to be devil-porter.
a ao Macb. 11. iii. 19 He Deuill-Porter it no further.
1610 Heacey St. Ang. Citie of God 1v. xvi, Such a rable of
divill-gods 1613, SHaxs. //en. 1/17, 11. i. 21 That Diuell
Monke, Hopkins. 1625-6 Suirtey Maid's Rev. v. iii, My
eldest devil-sister! 1629 — Wedding m. i, Thy devil jailor
May trust thee without a waiter. 1892 B. F. C. Costettoe
Church Catholic 13 A Devil-giant coercing hapless lives.
b. attrib. and objective genitive, as devil-hive,
-master, -work; devil-conjurer, -drawer, -driver,
-extractor.
1535 CoverpaLe Dan, ii. 27 The sorcerer, the charmer
nor the deuell coniurer. 1682 Hickerincitt Black Non-
Conf. Wks. 1716 Il. 42 The Pope would be a Devil-driver
too. arjoo B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Devil-drawer, a sorry
Painter. 1727 De For Syst. Magic 1. ii. (1840) 51 Any
sorcery or devil-work. 1749 Br. Lavincton Enthus. Meth.
4 Papists (1820 319 These men, who are called enchanters,
devil-drivers, and prophesiers. 1823 Bentuam Not Pand
321 Fear of the more skilful devil-master. 1 Soutney
Comm.-pl. Bk. Ser. 1. 400 They struggled till fire issued
from eyes, nostrils, and mouth of the poor devil-hive. 1886
Pall Mall G. 29 Dec. 6/2 A refusal to pay the fee charged
by a ‘devil extractor’ for the cure of a mental disease.
e. instrumentaland parasynthelic, as devil-born,
-haired, -inspired, -ridden, etc.
1607 Torseit Four-/, Beasts (1658) 17 The Asse .. is ..
phrased with many epithets .. as slow .. idle, devil-haired,
1 Sourney Sir 7. More 11. 108 Men become priest-
ridden or devil-ridden, 1850 TeNyyson /n Mem. xevi, You
tell me, doubt is devil-born. 1860 Lp. Lytton Lucile u.
v, Scorn and hate .. are devil born things. 1888 Catholic
Press 16 June 125/1 A devil-inspired cult,
a. objective, as oat ete.
~~ . Stevens Quevedo's Com. Wks. (1709) 327 There is
a Devil ferking Priest.
24. Special combinations. Devil-bolt, a sham
bolt (see 12); ‘a bolt with false clenches, often in-
troduced into contract-built ships’ (Smyth Sa#/or’s
Word-bk.); devil-carriage, -cart, a carriage for
moving heavy ordnance; ‘ devil-cleper (obs.),
one who invokes the devil, an enchanter ; devil-
dancer, an Indian votary, akin to the Dancing
Dervishes; so devil-dancing; devil-dare a.=
DArE-DEVIL ; devil-dealer, one who has dealings
with the devil. a sorcerer; devil-in-a-bush, a
garden flower, Vigel/a damascena, so called ‘ from
its horned capsules peering from a bush of finely-
divided involucre’ (Prior); devil-monger = devel-
dealer; Aevil-on-both-sides, a local name of the
corn crowfoot (Xanunculus arvensis), in allusion
to its prickly | capsules; devil on two
sticks, a wooden toy in the form of an hour-glass
or double cone, which is made to spin in the air
by means of a string attached to two sticks held
DEVIL.
in the hands; devil-shrieker, -skriker, local
name of the Swift: see DeviL 7b; devil-tree,
ana tree (Alstonia scholaris) of India,
Africa, and Australia, having a powerfully bitter
bark and milky juice; devil-ward a. and adv.,
towards or in the direction of the devil; devil-
wise adv., after the manner of a devil; devil-
wood, Osmanthus americanus, N.O. Oleacex,
a small N. American tree with wood of extraordi-
nary toughness and heaviness; devil-worship,
the worship or cult of the devil, or of a demon
or malignant deity ; so devil-worshipper, -wor-
shipping; devil-wort, a plant. Also DeEviL-
BIRD, -DODGER, -FISH, etc.
1894 Daily News 30 Nov. 7/5 The ‘*devil-bolt’ swindle
smust have been the death of many a brave crew. 1828
‘ M. Spearman Brit. Gunner 50 *Devil Carriages, large,
imber, small. /did. 426 Devil — 7 ft.; Sling cart,
ft.6in. 1797 Netson in Nicolas Disp. VII. p: cxxxix
want .. two or three artillerymen to the uses, and
a “devil-cart. 1382 Wycutr /sa. xlvii. 9 The huge hard-
nesse of thi *deuel-cleperes. 1887 Pall Mall G. 14 Sept.
14/1 They were followed by the *devil-dancers, who were
terribly affected. 187x Mateer 7ravancore (1872) 214 Con-
nected with this is what is called *devil-dancing, in which
the demoniacal possession is sought. 18§7 tr. Dumas’ Three
Musketeers ii. 14/2 His soldiers formed a *devil-dare legion.
1727 De For. Syst. Magic 1. i. (1840) 32 The magicians were
not all sorcerers and *devil-dealers. 1767 J. ABERCROMBIE
Ev. Man his own Gardener Index, *Devil-n-a-bush. 1815
Evpuixstone Acc. Caubul (1842) 1. 95 A plant very common
about Peshawer, which much resem’ thar.. called Devil
in the bush. Lytton Last Bar. 1. vii, Those *devil-
mongers can bake ye a dozen such every moment, 1878
Britten & Howtann Plant-n. 148 *Devil on both sides or
Devil 0’ both sides, Ranunculus arvensis L. Bucks., Durh.,
Warw. 1864 AtTKinson Prov. Names Birds, * Devil-skriker
(Yorks.). 1866 7'reas. Bot. 45 Alstonia scholaris, called
*Devil-tree or Pali-mara about Bombay. 1837 CartyLe #7.
odward or
Rev. (1857) 1. u. 1. iv. ra And tended either
else “devilward. 1631 Cornwattyes £ss. 1. xlix. 308 And
*devill-wise labour for nothing but to make all soules levell
with theirs. 1719 De For Crusoe (1840) IL. vi. 138 Idolatry
and *devil-worship. 1 — Syst. Magic 1. iii. 69 To intro-
duce Devil-worship in the world. 1879 M. Conway De-
monology & Devil-lore 1. 137 The *devil-worshippers of
Travancore to this day declare that the evil power ap-
proaches them in the form of a Dog. 1726 De For Hist.
Devil u. xi. 353 Wormwood, storax, *devil-wort, mandrake,
nightshade. k
25. The possessive, devil's, has somewhat spe-
cialized uses as expressing things supposed to be-
long to or be inthe power of the devil; hence it
is used in opposition to God's, as devil’s martyr,
Martins, PATERNOSTERS; and sometimes, like
DEVILISH, as an intensive qualification of that which
is evil, violent, or excessive. [Cf. F. un froid-de
diable, un vent de tous les diables.)
It is also used of —— ——— es lees
to Satanic , as Devil's bridge, dike, punch-bowl, etc.
Vie Chester ta Cod. Dipl. IV. 232 Purgh Bes defies lore.
1297 R. Giove. (1724) 475 Foure o the deueles limes, [his
kniz3tes hurde this. 1530 Patscr. 214/2 Divelles worke,
diablerie. Brooks Gold. Key Wks. 1867 -— Balaam
.. who was the devil’s hackney, 1820 Scott /vanhoe xx,
What devil's matins are you after at this hour? 1827 —
¥rnl. 16 Mar., I had the devil's work finding them. 1854
Wayte Metvitte Gen. Bounce xv. (Farmer), His wives ..
yowlin’, and cryin’, and kickin’ —_ devil's delight. 1859
i. Kincs.ey G. Hamlyn v, We better be as comfort-
able as we can this devil'snight. 1863 Reape Hard Cash
i. 278 (Farmer) What business have = in the Captain's
cabin, kicking up the devil's delight? 1884 E. M. Beat
in Ga. Words May 323/1 The newly discovered ‘ devil's
liquor’, starch.
b. Special phrases. Devil’s advocate (L. advo-
catus diaboli), one who urges the devil’s plea
against the canonization of a saint, or in opposi-
tion to the honouring of any one; hence, one who
advocates ‘the contrary or wrong side, or injures
a cause by his advocacy; so devil’s advocacy ;
devil’s bedpost (see quots.); devil’s bones, an
appellation of dice ; devil’s cow, a black beetle ;
devil’s darning-needle (U. S.) = devil’s needle
(see also c); devil’s dirt, devil’s dung, asafoe-
tida; devil’s dozen: see Dozen; devil’s finger,
abelemnite; devil's fingers, the star-fish; devil’s
mint, a succession of things hurtful or offensive,
as if the devil himself were at work coining them
= orby); devil’s needle, provincial name of the
dragon fly; ‘Devil’s Own’, a name of the
88th Foot (the Devil's own Connaught boys) ; also
of the Inns of Court Rifle Corps of Volunteers ;
devil’s sheaf: see quot.; devil’s tattoo: sce
Tattoo; devil’s toe-nail, a belemnite.
DEVIL’s-BIRD, CLAW, e, i ee
1 tors Detecte 12 .+ playing the true
eat the "Devil's advocate. 1885 J. Bos Malthus 1.i.7
The father made it a point of honour to defend the Zn-
guirer; the son played devil's advocate, 1887 R. Buchanan
Heir of Linne ii, Even the Socialist party regarded him as
a devil's advocate, and washed their hands of him. | —
Maurice Philos. First Six Cent. (ed. 2) v. a claims
Frocias $0 ancniention 10 ens ia fon ¥
A. Birrett Xes ic. iv. 108 There is enough
ee in it, to make it one of the most
Ss
devil's advocacy ever penned. Slang Dict., * Devil's
bed-posts, the four of claba, pg gh Q. sth Ser. XII. 473,
Also .
DEVIL.
I have always heard the four of clubs called the devil’s bed-
post, and also that it is the worst turn-up one could have.
1664 ETHEREDGE Comical Revenge u. iii (Farmer), I do not
understand dice.. hang the *devil’s bones. 1822 Scorr
Nigel xxiii, A gamester, one who deals with the devil's
nes. 1688 R. Hotme Avmoury 1. 213/1 Blind Beetles ..
are generally known to us by the name of .. *Devils cows.
1854 Putnam's Monthly June (Bartlett!, Now and then..
a a ga pi le would pertinaciously hover about
our heads. 1578 Lyte Dodoens u. cxii. 304 Called .. in
Englishe also Assa fetida ; in high Douche Teufels dreck,
that is to say *Deuilles durt, 1 Dekker Honest Wh,
Wks. 1873 II. 40 The *Divels dung in thy teeth! 1799 G.
Smith od pre’ I. 237 Asafcetida is sometimes called by
the name of devil’s dung. 1857 T'HoREAU AZaine W,, (1894)
316 On Moosehead I had seen a large *devil’s-needle half
a mile from theshore. 1871 Stave.ry Brit. /nsects 128 The
swift approach of one of these glittering ‘devil's needles’.
1864 Mark Lemon Fest Bk, 211 (Farmer) At a review of the
volunteers .. the *devil’s own walked straight through.
1893 Pall Mall G. 21 Jan. 2/3 ‘What! what !’ exclaimed
his Majesty [George III. in 1803], ‘all lawyers! all law-
yers! Call them the Devil’s Own—call them the Devil’s
Own’ .. the fighting gentlemen of the long robe have been
the ‘ Devil’s Own’ ever since. 1496 Dives § Paup. (W. de
W.) v. Introd. 25/1 Make ye the poore men your frendes of
the *deuyllessheyf eyther richesses of wyckednesse. 1847
Anstep Anc. World ix. 190 The Belemnite has .. various
local names (such as thunderbolt, *devil’s toe-nail),
e. esp. in popular names of plants; devil’s
apple, the thorn apple (Datura Stramonium) ;
devil’s apron, a popular name in the United States
of species of Laminaria and other olive-brown
sea-weeds with a large dilated lamina; devil’s
brushes, a general name for ferns in the ‘ Black
Country ’ (Britt. & Holl.) ; devil’s candlestick,
the fungus Phallus impudicus; the ground-ivy
(Midland Counties) ; devil’s club, a prickly aralia-
ceous plant, Fatwa horrida, found in the north-
western U.S.; devil’s coach-wheel, d. curry-
comb, corn crowfoot (Hants); devil’s cotton,
an East Indian tree, Advoma, the fibres of which are
made into cordage; devil’s darning-needle,
Scandix Pecten Veneris; devil’s ear (U.S.), a
species of wake-robin (Arum); devil’s fig, the
prickly pear: devil’s garter, the bindweed, Cov-
volvulus sepium; devil’s horn, Phallus impudi-
cus; devil’s leaf, a very virulent species of stinging
nettle, Urtica urentissima, found in Timor; devil’s
oatmeal, d. parsley, wild chervil, Anthriscus syl-
vestris; devil’s posy, ramsons, Allium ursinum;
devil’s snuff-box, the puff-ball ; devil’s stink-
pot, Phallus impudicus. Also DEVIL’S-BIT, CLAWS,
MILK,
x46 Sowersy Brit. Bot. V1. 104 *Devil’s Apple. 1858
O. W. Hotmes Aut. Breakf-t. vii. (1883) 142 Washed up
on one of the beaches in company with édevil’s-aprons,
bladder-weeds, dead horse-shoes. 1891 Proc. R. Geog.
Soc. Feb. 78 That unpleasant plant, growing to the height
of a man’s chest, known as the “devil’s club, and covered
with fine loose barbed prickles. 1851 S. Jupp Alargaret (ed.
2) IT. v. 66 There are berries in the woods, the scarlet *devil’s
ear and blue dracira. 1795 SoutHey Lett. /r. Spain (1808) Il.
38, I saw the prickly pear, or as it is called here the *devil’s
fig. 1830 Linptey Vat. Syst. Bot. 94 A nettle called daoun
setan, or *devil’s leaf, ii Timor; the effects of which are
said .. to last for a year, and even to cause death. 1883
R, Turner in Gd. Words Sept. 589/2 The puff-balls are
known in Scotland as ‘ de’il’s sneeshin’ mills’ (*devil’s snuff-
boxes). 1884 Cheshire Gloss., Devil's snuff-box, puff-ball.
Devil (de'v'l, devil), v. [f. Devit.sé.]
+1. Zo devil tt: to play the devil, to act like the
devil. Ods.
1593 Nasue Christ's T. (1613) 158 In the euillest of euill
functions, which is, in diuelling it simply.
+b. trans, To play the devil with, to ruin. Ods.
1652 Bentowes 7heoph. . xv_The Serpent devil’d Eve.
e. allusive nonce-wad.
1698 VansruGH Prov. Wife ww. iv. 89 Lady B. The devil’s
hands! Let me go! Six ¥. I'll devil you, you jade you !
2. trans. ‘To grill with hot condiments.
1800 [see Devittep 2]. 1817 T. L. Peacock Melin-
court xxiii, If the carp be not caught, let me be devilled
like a biscuit after the second bottle. 183x TreLawny Adz.
Younger Son 1, 291 Come Louis, devil us a biscuit. a 1845
Hoop Zale of Temper vi, He. . felt in his very gizzard he was
devill’d! 1870 Ramsay Remin. iv. (ed. 18) 83 One of the
legs should be deviled.
3. intr. To act as ‘devil’ to a lawyer or literary
man ; to do professional work for another without
fee, or without recognition.
1864 Atheneum No. 1921. 232/2 He devils for the counsel
on both sides. 1880 Social Notes 20 Nov. 243/2 This unjust
system is termed ‘devilling’, and those who appear in cases
for which others are retained, at the sole est of the
latter, are called ‘devils’, whilst the original holders of
transferred briefs may be styled “devilees.’.. As long as
briefless barristers consent to ‘devil’, so long will the abuse
flourish, to the disadvantage of the public and the Bar.
1889 Sat. Rev. 9 Feb. 159/2 He must have chambers and
a clerk, or a share of both. He must be ready and willing
to ‘devil’, s
b. ¢rans. To do (work) as a ‘devil’. :
1887 Cornh. Mag. Jan. 62 Allowing me to devil his work
for him for ten years.
ce. To entrust to a ‘devil’ or private deputy.
189r Leach Southwell Minster (Camden) 22 note, Of
course he ‘deyilled’ his duties, and equally of course the
‘devil’ neglected them,
287
4. trans. To tear to pieces (rags, old cloth, etc.)
with a machine called a devil. See Drvi.iine 2.
+ Devilade. Obs. nonce-wd. after masquerade.
1775 Garrick Bon Ton 4 Coteries, Masquerades, and all
the Devilades in this town. ;
De'vil-bird. A name popularly given to
various birds, from their appearance, flight, cry,
ete. ; especially a. A local English name of the
Swift ; = Dervit 7 b.
1885 Swainson Prov. Names Brit. Birds 95 It is called
.. Devil bird (West Riding).
b. The Brown Owl of Ceylon (Syrnium Indvant).
1849 PripHaM Ceylon 737 (Y.) Devil's Bird... The wild and
wailing cry of this bird is considered a sure presage of death
and misfortune, unless [etc.]. 1860 in Tennent Cey/on I. 167
Note, Vhe brown owl, which, from its hideous yell, has ac-
quired the name of the ‘ Devil-Bird’. 1876 Ceylon 11. 145
‘The ‘ oolanna’, or devil bird of the Sinhalese, whose horrid
shriek at night terrifies the natives..some think it is not an
owl, but a black night-raven.
ce. A name of the East Indian drongo-shrikes,
family Décruride.
De'vil-dodger. Zwmorous. [See DoncE v.]
One who tries to dodge the devil (see quot. 1893);
also, a nickname for ranting preachers, or preachers
generally. So De‘vil-dodging vd/. sd. and pA/.a.
1791 Lackincton Mem. vi (D.), These devil-dodgers hap-
pened to be so very powerful (that is, noisy). 1861 Under
the Spell III. 111 So you have taken to ‘devil-dodging’,
sermonizing, or whatever you call it. 1886 G. ALLEN J/az-
mie's Sake i, He has a rabid objection to the clergy—the
black brigade and the devil-dodgers, he calls them. /4éd.
v, A pack of trumpery superstitious devil-dodging nonsense.
1893 M. West Born Player 202 Unbiassed people who went
to church in the morning and to chapel in the evening—
devil-dodgers as they were coarsely called, who were deter-
mined to be right one way or another.
Devildom (de‘v’ldam). [f. Devin + -pom.]
1. The dominion, rule, or sway of the (ora) devil ;
exercise of diabolic power.
1694 S. Jounson Notes Past. Lett. Bp. Burnett. 5 The
true Art of spelling all the Oppressions and Devildoms in
the World out of the pregnant word King. 1856 Mrs.
BROWNING Aur. Leigh 1. Poems 1890 VI. 73 A commina-
tion, or, at best, An exorcism against the devildom Which
plainly held me. 1893 R. Kietinc Many Invent. 207 It
was witchcraft, —witchcraft and devildom.
2. The domain of the devil; the realm or estate
of devils ; the condition of devils.
1825 CoLeripcE in Pall Mall G. 27 May (1887) 5/2 De-
pressed by day and wandering all night thro’ the Sweden-
borgian Devildom. 1828 Fr. A, Kempe Let. in Record of
Girlhood (1878) I. viii. 226, I have been revelling in that
divine devildom, ‘ Faust’. 1847 O. Brownson 7 wo Brothers
Wks. VI. 268 All motleydom and all devildom had broken
loose. 1892 T. Wricut Blue Firedrake 197 Never surely
were more repulsive hags in all devildom.
Devilee’, xonce-wad. See DEVIL v. 3 quot. 1880.
Deviless (dev és). [f. Devin + -Ess: ef. F.
diablesse.| A she-devil.
a@ 1693 Urqunart Rabelais iv. xxvii. 226 There was not
Angel, Man, Devil, nor Deviless, upon the place, who would
not fetc.]. 1761 Sterne 77. Shandy (1802) III. xx. 318
‘Though we should abominate each other ten times worse
than so many devils or devilesses. 1881 A thenvum 9 July
45/3 But a commonplace woman, with little of either the
saint or the ‘ deviless’ in her composition.
Devilet (de'v'lét). [f. Drivin +-rr.]
1, A little devil, in various senses.
1794 Matuias Purs, Lit, (1798) 135 To meet the Printer’s
dev'let face to face. 1841 De Quincey Homer Wks. 1862
V. 297 To the derision of all critics, compositors, pressmen,
devils, and devillets. a1845 BarHam /xgol. Leg., Truants,
And pray now what were these devilets call'd? These three
little fiends so gay! ¢ 1876 Sir R. Burton in Lady Burton
Life (1893) I. 21 We boys became perfect devilets.
. The Swift ;= DEVILING 2.
1828 Witson in Blackw. Mag. XXIV. 277 The long-
winged legless black devilet, that, if it falls to the ground,
cannot rise again. 1828 Sournry in Q. Rev. XX XVIII.
238 The merry Dominican .. continued to eat devilets on
fast days.
De'vil-fish. A name popularly given to
various large and formidable fishes or other marine
animals; especially a. In Great Britain, a large
pediculate fish (Lophius piscatorius) also called
ANGLER (q.v.), frog-fish, sea-devil, toad-fish. b.
In US.,a gigantic species of eagle-ray, Ceratoptera
vampyrus, having expanded sides gradually passing
into flappers or pectoral fins, the expanse of which
is sometimes 20 feet. Less commonly, ¢. The
Californiangrey whale. d. Thepiranhaof Urnguay.
e. The octopus, cuttle-fish, or other cephalopod.
1814 Sporting Mag. XLIV. 94 That species, called by
Dr. Goldsmith the Devil Fish. “1839 T. Beate Nat. His?.
Sperm Whale 351 Enormous sting-rays, or ‘devil fish’..
from five to six feet across. 1860 J/erc. Marine Mag. VII.
213 They [‘ California Grey’ Whale] have a variety of names
among whalemen, as .. ‘ Hard-head’, ‘Devil-fish’, 1861
Hume tr. Moguin-Tandon u, ww. i. 214 The Piranha or
Devil-fish discovered by M. de Castelnau in Uruguay. . When
any object is thrown into the water inhabited by the Piran-
has, these fish immediately attack it. 1863 RusseLt Diary
North §& South 1. 208, I heard much of the mighty devil-
fish .. The fish .. possesses formidable antennz-like horns,
and a pair of huge fins, or flappers, one of which rises
above the water as the creature moves below the surface.
1867 Chronicle 5 Oct. The Devil Fish..This giant of
the Cephaloptera is simply a monstrous Ray; and though
Sea-Devil and Vampire are assigned to it as trivial names,
DEVILISH.
it. .is in no way formidable save from its enormous strength
and bulk. 1863 G. L. Faser Fisheries Adriatic 185 Mylio-
balis aquila \....Devil fish, Sea-Devil, Toad-fish. 1885
C. F. Hotper Marvels Anim. Life 162 [The squid] was
found. .to fully justify its popular name of devil-fish. 1889
Catholic News 15 June 5/5 The octopus, popularly known
as ‘the devil fish’.
De'vilhead. [see -HEap.] = DeEviLHoop.
21350 Life of Fesus (ed. Horstm.) 499 (Matz.) No deuel-
hede I ne habbe in me. 1870 Morris Larthly Par. 111.
1v. 300 A swallowing dread, A curse made manifest in
devil-head.
Devilhood (dev'lhud). [f. Devin + -Hoop.]
The condition and estate of a devil.
1618 Wither A/otto, Nec Habeo Wks. (1633) 521 Except
the Devill, and that cursed brood Which have dependance
on his Devilhood. 1880 Swinsurne Strcty Shaks. iii. 173
Her imperious and dauntless devilhood. x J. Branp in
Chicago Advance 24 May, A downward development toward
devilhood, — |
+ De-vilified, ///. a. Obs.
into or of the nature of a devil.
1645 Pacitr Heresiogr. Ep. Ded , Unpure Familists, who
blasphemously pretend to be godified like God, whereas
indeed they are devillified like their Father the Devil. 1647
J. Heypon Discov. Fairfax 2 Devils and devilified men
would be glad to have any thing against him.
So De'vilifier.
1793 Kegal Rambler 37 The emendator, corrector, and
Devilifier. .of my bank.
Deviling (dev'ljin). [f. Devin sé. + -L1NG or
-ING; the suffixes being here confounded.]
1. A young devil; an imp or mischievous little
creature.
(1575 G. Harvey Letter-6k.(Camden) 98 Close to the britche
likea Divelinge.] a 1616 Beaum. & FL. Ant. of Malta v. ii,
And engender young devillings. 1672 R. Witp Declar. Lib.
Cousc. 9 His Divelings, the Officers and Clarks of that won-
drous Kitchin. 1806 Soutnry in Aun. Rev. 1V. 540 He
received the little deviling ina basket. 1849 Sir J. Sreruen
ect, Biog. (1850) 1. 310 The deviling .. was about twelve
years old and looked exactly like any other boy.
2. A local name of the Swift; also of the Pied
Wagtail. (See quots. )
a 1825 Forsy East Ang. Voc., Devilin, the species of
swallow, commonly called the swift. 1826 Sforting Mag.
XVIII. 312 The bird called a Swift .. more commonly a
Devilin. 1837 Maccituivray //ist, Brit. Birds 1. 614
Black Marten, Swift, Develing. 1885 Swainson Prov.
Names Brit, Birds 45 Pied Wagtail.. Devil's bird or
deviling (Ireland), From the constant uncanny motion
of its tail. /é/d.95 Swift..It is called Deviling (E. Angl.,
Lanc., Westm.).
3. The third or lowest vat used in the manufac-
ture of indigo; called in French dtadlotin.
1731-7 Mitter Gard. Dict. (ed. 3) s.v. Anil, The second
is call’d the Battery .. And the third, which is much less
than the second, is call’d the Deviling. As for the Name..
I do not see how it agrees with it; unless it be because
this Vat is deeper colour’d than the others.
Devilish (de‘v'l\if), a. [f. Devi +-18H.]
1, Of persons: Having the nature or character of
the devil; like a devil in character or actions.
1494 Fasyan Chron... Ixv. 44 By styryngeof disclaunderous
and deuylysghe persones. @ 1555 LATIMER Serv. (1845) 301
What marvel is it, if they call you devilish persons and
heretics? 1587 Turperv. /'ag. 7. (1837) 151 ‘The divilish
Queenes devise. 1604 SHaxs. O¢h. u. i. 249 A diuelish
knaue! 1634 Sir ‘Tl. Hersert 7xav. 8 A_ Monster not
a little esteemed of amongst these Devillish Savages. 1653
H. Cocan tr. Pinto’s Trav. xxviii. 113 Who..censed those
two divelish Monsters. 1868 Browninc Aing & Ba. 1. 247
We pronounce Count Guido devilish and damnable.
2. Of things, actions, or qualities : Characteristic
of the devil; worthy of or befitting the devil ;
diabolical; execrable.
©1496 Serm. Episc. Puer. (W. de W.) B iij, Euyll fasshened
garmentes, & deuyllysshe shoon & slyppers of frensmen.
1526 Pilger. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 93 Whiche is moost deuyl-
lysshe synne. 1553 Even 77eat. Newe /nd.(Arb.) 18 ‘They
make certayne deuylishe gestures lyke ynto madde men.
1631 GouGE God’s Arrows iii. § 94. 360 The matchlesse,
mercilesse, devilish, and damnable gun-powder-treason. 1663
F. Hawkins Youth's Behav. 87 "Vis of humane frailty to
erre, but tis devillish to persevere in it. 1790 Burns 7am
O'Shanter 127 By some devilish cantrip slight. 1827 Pot-
Lok Course 7. 1x. 266 Indistinct and devilish whisperings.
b. Expressing the speaker’s strong detestation.
1694 R. L Estrance Fadles cccxxxii. (ed. 6) 345 The Devel-
ish People would keep such a Snearing and Pointing at me.
1800 Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Fam. 11, 101 Hold your
devilish tongue. i
3. Of or belonging to the devil.
1526-34 TINDALE 1 7%. iv. 1 Geue hede vnto spretes of
erroure and dyuelysshe doctrine. 1548 Hatt Chron. 135 b,
Therto by devilishe instigacion incensed and procured. 1562
Butteyn Bk, Sicke Men 75, Ingratitude [is] sprong of a
deuelishe petigree. 1864 Burton Scot Adr. I. v. 287 So
skilled in devilish arts of magic. ;
A. loosely. Violent, virulent, terrible; extremely
bad ; enormous, excessive.
1612 WoopaL Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 241 It is a divellish,
deadly, coarse medicine. 1688 R. HoLme Armoury u. 198/2
[Lice] are devilish Biters, especially the little ones. 1738
Swirt Polite Convers.187 Mr. N— got the devilishest i? all
in the Park To-day, 1831 FonsLanque Eng. under 7 Ad-
minist. (1837) 11. 93 The Six Acts, hurried, with such devilish
speed, through Parliament. 1849 ‘THackERAy Pendennis xl,
She has a devilish deal more than ten thousand pound.
5. Comb.
1 Hickerincitt Priest-Cr, Wks. 1716 III. 110 Such
evilish-like Black-guard.
B. adv. =DEVILISHLY 2; excessively, exceed-
[see -Fy.] Made
DEVILISHED.
ingly, enormously: originally of things bad, but
in later use a mere coarse intensive.
1612 Rowtanps Kuaue of Harts 14 Because we finde...
Mony makes fooles most diuellish proud in mind. x63
MassincGer Belceve as you list w. iii, The cur is divelishe |
hungrie. 3
devilish long strides.
p ad Foore Devil on 2 Sticks 1.Wks.
1799 II. 251 They are
ilish rich, devilish poor, devilish
ugly, derilish handsome, 1 Byron Let. to Miss Pigot
11 Aug., I should be devilish glad to see him.” 1843 Lever
. Hinton viii, Devilish pretty girl, that she is. 1886
Tevenson Dr, Fekyll ii, | have seen devilish little of the
man.
+ Devilished, #//. a. Obs. rare. [f. prec. +
-ED; or (?) with the suffix -7sh = -tse, -ice, as in
anentish, ANYENTISE: cf. also publish.] Demonized,
possessed with a demon or ‘ devil’.
160r Deacon & Wacker Ausw, to Darel 13 Demonizo-
menos. .one Diuellished, or one afflicted, tormented, or vext
with a Diuell. /é4id. 20 A man, hauing the spirit of an
vncleane diuell . .a diuelished vncleane spirit. 1601 — Sfirits
& Divels 39 Demoniakes, or diuellished persons.
Devilishly (de'v'),ifli), adv. [f. prec. +-1y2.]
1. In a devilish manner, diabolically.
153t Tinpace Exp. 1 Yohn (1537) 18 We synne not
diuellishlye agaynst the holy goost. 1642 Futter Holy
& Prof. St. v. xi. 405 None but devils and men devilishly
minded. 1830 Arnotp Let. to Hare 24 Dec. in Stanley
Life 1. vi. 236 A devil's doctrine, certainly, and devilishly
applied. 1878 E. Jenkins Haverholme 47 The declaration
..has a touch of the devilishly humorous about it.
2. Excessively, exceedingly: originally of things
bad, but becoming at length a strong intensive.
1668 SHADWELL Sudlen Lovers wv, How devillishly imper-
tinent is this. 1687 Setr_e Ref?. Dryden 13 The Poet lyes
Divellishly if he tells you [etc.]. 1782 Mrs. E. Blower
Geo. Bateman II. 140 She's devilishly pretty, 1845 Mxs.
Carvyce Lett. I. 360, I think it devilishly well done.
Devilishness oe [f. Devitisu +
-NESS.] The state or quality of being devilish ;
diabolical or infernal character.
1530 Pasar, 214/2 Divellysshnesse, diablerie. 1549 ALLEN
Jude's Par. Rev. 13 Very wicked and abhominable super-
sticions and diuillyshnes. 1620 Metton Astrolog. 80 The
diuellishnesse of your Diuination. 1733 Lorp M. in Szw#/t's
Lett. (1766) II, 185, I have betrayed to you the devilishness
of my temper. 1844 Masson -ss., The Three Devils iii.
(1856) 74. Mephistophiles’s nature .. complete, confirmed,
irrevocable devilishness.
Devilism (dev ljiz'm). [f. Devin sé. + -1sM.]
1. ‘A system of action or conduct proper to a devil;
devilish i epee §
1652 Br. Hatt Rem. Wks. 11. (1660) 150 Did ever any seek
for the greatest good in the worst of evils? This is not
heresie, but meer Divilisme. 1691-8 Norxis Pract. Disc.
(1711) IIL. 173 To the highest pitch of Impiety, to the very
ridge of Devilism. 1726 De For Hist, Devil (1822) 203
Such a perfection of devilism as that of the Inquisition.
1820 Examiner No. 619. 113/1 Vhe deliberate devilism of +
the tortures. 1892 Peyton A/emorad. Fesus xvi. 451 Vhe de-
vilism in human nature is that which wants bread by which
to live in the body, and seeks not the interests of the soul.
2. A system or cult, the object of which is the
Devil; devil-worship.
1773 E. Ives lay. Eng. to India 317 The Sanjacks..once
professed Christianity, then Mahometanism, and last of all
Devilism.
+ Deviclity. Ods. In6-7 divil(1)itie. [f. Devin
sb. +-1TY: formed with mocking reference to cévé/-
ity and divinity.) Devilism, devilry.
1589 Marfrel. Epit. Fiij, Whom the D. of diuillitie..
affirmeth to haue beene Arch. of Creet. 1598 R. BarcKLey
Felic. Man w. (1603) 317 A formal kind of strangers civilitie
..which..may rather bee called Divillitie. 60x Deacon &
Wacker Answ. to Darel 113 These are but quick-sands
wherewith you doe grauell your deepe skill of Diuillitie.
1609 Br. W. Bartow Answ. Nameless Cath. 39 [He] must
also bee his Diuilitie Reader or Schoole-man.
Devilize (devljaiz), v. [f Devin sb. + -128.]
1. trans. To make a devil of; to render devilish
in character. (Cf. canonize.)
1624 Br. Hatt Rem. Wks. (1660) 13 He that should deify
a Saint should wrong him as much as he that should
Divellize him. 1888 Chicago Advance 12 Apr. 232 The
native heathenism of the Dark Continent devilized by rum
from the lands of Christendom,
+2. intr. To play the devil; to act as a devil.
1647 Warp Simp. Codler 48 The worst they [English
1719 De Foe Crusoe (1840) I. xx. 353 Taking |
| velled.
| a cool bottle and a fresh —_ 1855 Mrs. Gasket North
icken
288
c1gro Robin Hood in Arb, Garner VI. 430 What
devilkyns , sayd litell Much, Thynkyst thou to be.
Devilled (de-v'ld), Ap/. a. [f. Devin + -ED.]
1. Possessed or afflicted with a devil: see Devin
5b. 2b.
¢1gso Cueke Matt. viii. 16 In y* evening yei brought him
ane was develled. /did. viii. 28 Yeer mett him ij develds
.-veri fiers men. /bid. xv. 22 Mi hter is veri evel de-
1645 Rutnerrorp 7ryal & Tri. Faith (1845) 47
Kakos dai: izetai, she is dingly devilled.
2. Grilled with hot condiments.
1800 Oracle in Spir. Publ. Fruls. (1801) IV. 253 At half
past two [I] ate a devil’d kidney. 1845 Disragti SydiZ1v.
x, His table cleared, a devilled biscuit placed before him,
& S. xlii, The devilled c tasted like saw-dust. 1882
| J. Grant Cameronians 1, xviii. 276 An aroma of coffee and
devilled bones.
3. Prepared by a devil, or unrecognized profes-
sional helper: see Devi sé. 5 b,c.
1893 Athenvum 5 Aug. 182/1 We imagine that Mr. Robin-
son got his authors ‘ devilled’ for him, for hardly any single
brain could have extracted all this material.
Deviller (dev'l,a1). [f. Devin +-rRr!.] a. The
workman who attends to the machine called a
‘devil’ in a cotton or other factory. b. The
name of a machine used for the shaking of rags.
ec. A ‘devil’ or literary hack.
1874 .Wanch. Guardian 3 Aug 6 The term is applied to
— rsons who tend hard-waste breakers in cotton manu-
actories.
viller’. 1893 4 ¢henaum 5 Aug. 182/1 Sometimes the delver,
or ‘deviller’, nods. :
De'vil-like, a.and adv. [See Like: cf. DE-
VILLY.]
A. adj. Like a devil; diabolical.
c1470 Henry Wallace vin. 895 His dewyllyk deid he did
in to Scotland. 1610 Heatey St. Aug. Citie of God w.
xxxii, Devil-like Princes perswaded their people to their
owne vaine inventions. 1722 Mrs. E. Haywoop Brit.
Recluse 73 With more than Devil-like cruelty. WP.
Mackay Grace & 7ruth (1875) 225 What a devil-like inten-
tion!
B. adv. Like, or after the manner of a devil;
diabolically.
1688 Bunyan Yerusalem Sinner Saved (1886) 129 Who
has..thus horribly and devil-like contemned and trampled
upon Him. 1717 L. Howet Desiderius 104 Themselves,
Devil-like, are never the better for doing us this Mischief.
villing (de-v'l,in), v/. 56. [f. Devin v. +
-ING !.] :
1. Working as a devil or hack: see Devin sd,
5B b,c; t,.2.
1880 Besant & Rice Seamy Side xiv. 114 The young
barrister was engaged in some devilling. 1888 Star 8 Aug.,
Devilling is the term used in the literary trade for sweating.
1894 Ii 'estm. Gaz. 7 Feb. 8/1 After all, devilling at the
Bar has the same consolation as fagging at school. First,
you fag for others; but in the end you have other devils to |
fag for you. : -
3. Tearing to pieces by the machine called a
devil.
1891 Labour Commission Gloss., Devilling, the same pro-
cess as wille ying. a ,
+ De: , devily, a. Obs. [OE. déofollic, f.
déofol devil + -lic \-L¥ '), contr. déoflic, whence in
ME. deoflich, later devily: rarely in ME. with
second /, develly, Cf. OHG. tiufallih, MHG, tiu-
vellich, ON. djofulligr.] = DervILIsH.
c1000 AELrric //om. (Thorpe) I. 102 (Bosw.) Mid deofelli-
cum wislungum. /did. 1. 62 Undergeat se apostol das deo-
flican facn. ¢ 1175 Lamb. Hom. 105 Penne maje we fordon
swa ba deofliche 3itsunge. 1481 Caxton Xeynard (Arb.) 73
Alway to mysdo and trespace..that is euyl, and a deuely
lyf (¥en. een duuelic leven). 1483 — Cato Hivb, eg =|
suche thought is wycked and deuylly. ¢ 1485 Dighy Myst.
v, ii. heading, Entreth lucyfere in a deuely a-ray. a 1628 F.
Grevitte Stdney x, (1652) 131 The devily characters of so
tyrannical a deity.
Devilly, adv. Obs. [f. as prec.
+ -LY%.] Devilishly, diabolically, excessively (in
a bad sense). Be, ‘
MM, i (v7.
arp Cursor 14392 ar Md eli [v. ». deuelly]
doe, is to keep their Kings from Divelizing, and themselves
from Assing. 1720 T. Gorvon Cordial for Low Spirits 69
Let loose his inclinations, and devilized with all his might.
Hence Devilized #//. a., converted into a devil,
rendered devilish.
x Fraver //usb, Spirit. (1770) 282 How full of devils
and devilized men is this lower world. 1726 De For //ist.
Devil (1822) 208 To consider human nature devilized. 1890
J. Putsrorp Loyalty to Christ 1, 238 The highest and most
reputable members of society. . have come through a devilized
line of ancestry.
Devilkin (devikin). [f. Devin sd,+-Kiy.] A
little devil ; an ma Also #8.
1748 Richarpson Clarissa (1811) VI. 14 That a Beelzebub
his devilkins to attend his call. 1833 T. Hook Widow
& Marquess iii, Attendant devilkins of an_ inferior class,
with hoofs, horns, talons and tails, 1851 D. Jerrotp St,
Giles xxii, Now shout, ye imps ! ye devilkins .. for
it is done! 1893 Pall Mall Mag. Il. 118 Black itch-
ing marks, left by the stings of these imperceptible little
devilkins, :
{ The following is an example of Devi 20 a,
with what-kins of what kind, what kind of.
war bai Iuus thra, Pair blisced lauerd for to sla. ¢ 1400
Sowdone Bab, 265 The Dikes were so develye depe..Ouer
cowde thai nother goo nor crepe. /did. 219 er to he
was devely stronge, His skynne was blake and harde.
Devil-may-care, a. Also erroneously devil-
me-care. [The exclamation devil may care ! used
as an attribute.) Wildly reckless; careless and
rollicking.
enough to be heard.) Dickens Pickw, xlix, He was
ami ves and easy, roving, devil-may-care sort of person.
[1868 . Porteous Saher ‘ohnny 8 But deil-ma-care ! my
facts are clear.) 1858 Lyrron What will he dou. ii, He..
looked altogether as devil-me-care, rakehelly, handsome,
good-for-nought as ever swore ata drawer. 1861 HuGues
Tom Brown at Oxf. xi. (1889) 103 A face radiant with devil-
may-care delight. 1870 Miss Brovcuton Xed as a Rosei. 3
The salt of a racy, devil-me-care wit. 1887 W. M. Rossetti
= of Keats vi, Without any aggressive or ‘devil-may-care’
enda.
Hence Devil-may-ca'reness (¢7vo07. -ca‘reless-
ness); Devil-may-ca‘rish a,, -ca‘rishness,
-ca‘rism, vonce-wis.
1833 /'raser's Mag. VII. 693 Similar attempts at a jaunty
devil-me-carishness. ‘it’s Mag. VIII, 221 From
1841
The machines are termed devils, and in this |
district the person who tends them a deviller. 1885 Leeds |
Mercury 23 June 3 A rag-shaking machine called a ‘de- |
1793 Regal Rambler 95 Deel care, said Dr. Leveller, loud _
that devil-may i
the world and the world’s law. 1842 Lyrron Zanoni wv. v,
il-me-carish air. 1890 MeCartny Fr. Rev. 1. 22 The
4 i e, the devil-may-careness of the
Reaeae 18gr _Blackw, Mag. CXLIX. 5310/1 There was
more H devil-may | than of Saxon
>
;
foresight.
Devilment (de-v'lmént). [f. Devin . + -enr.]
Action befitting a devil, or of devilish character;
mischief: also humorously like Devitry 4 b.
1771 Contemplative Man |. 130,1 thought some Sides
or other would befal ne 1840 THACKERAY Paris Sk-bk.
in
(1869) 64 So little si P
of his wishes. 1843 Lever ¥. Winton xxxi, Courtship, fun,
Proc. Amer, Convent, on
frolic, and devilment.
Instruct. Deaf 220 A certain amount of superfluous
spirits—devilment I have heard it called.
2. concr. a. A devilled dish. b. A devilish
device or invention.
<aa7s Garrick in G. Colman's Posth. Lett, (1820) Hot
‘es and devilments at breakfast. x Sieutadton Jan.,
Greek fire and fifty other molten devilments may be corus-
cating among her chimney pots.
+Dervilness. Oés. rare.
A thing diabolical or of
demon: = DEVILRY ;.
ar E. E. Psalter xcv. 5 For alle goddes of genge
Pata atte ere ba. a Note in R. Glouc. Chron MS.
Coll. Arms) (1724) 415 The monekes toke holywater, and
drof a way the maner deuelnesse.
Devilry (de'v'lri). Also 4 dewilry, 7 de-
uillary. [f. Devi sd. +-Ky.]
(Cf. F.
+1. Ademon; a demoniacal possession.
diablerie.) Obs.
¢1380 Wycur Last Age of Chirche p. xxiv, Chaffare walk-
ynge in derkenessis and myddais deuylrye pat is to seye
antecrist. 14.. Prose Legends in Anglia VIIL 143 Temptyd
of pe deuelry pat walkes in derknesse. /d/d. 144 Pis maner
of deuilry myghte not anoon be casten oute. ¢1450 M/irour
Saluacioun 2023 Fforto cast out Dyvelleres he gaf the auc-
toritee. 1483 Cath. Angl. 98 A Devylry. .demonium.
2. Magical operation performed by the supposed
help of Satan ; dealing with the Devil ; diabolical
art.
1375 Barsour Bruce tv. 690 Throu thair gret clergy, Or
ellis throu thair deuilry. ¢1425 Wynroun Cron. 1x. xxiv.
48 Be Wichcraft or Devilry. 3583 Stusses Anat, Abus.
u. (1882) 5 Art magike, witchcraft, and all kind of diuelrie.
1596 Datrympce tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. 1. 287 The king
throuch the arte of Magik, Witchcraft, and ilrie was
consumet. 1795 Soutney Yoan of Arc vu. 556 Witch
though she be, methinks Her devilry could neit blunt
the edge Of thy good sword, or mine. 1867 Miss Brappon
Rupert Godwin 111. iii. 44 By what devilry did he stumble
upon the truth. ,
3. Works or operation of the devil.
1533 Tinpace Supper of Lord Wks. (1573) 463 They be
proued starke lyes and very deuelry. 1581 Saiir. Poems
Reform. xiv. 316 Double sonnis of Deuilrie! @ 1876 G.
Dawson Biog. “Lect. 38 He fought for light against dark-
ness, for God's truth against Devilry.
4. Devilish action or conduct; extreme wicked*
ness, cruelty, or evens) wicked mischief.
Bastwick Litany 1. 19 — — «. (to say
f. DEVIL sb. + -NESS.]
emonic character, a
nothing of deuillary, atheisme know no
where, 1831 Carty.e Sart. Res. 1. viii, What devilry
soever Kings do, the Greeks must pay the piper! eo
Hers Comp. Solit. x. (1874) 180 Finding that such is t
devilry of circumstances. 1852 Tuackrray /smond 1, xiv,
I took to all sorts of devilries out of despair and fury. 1870
Daily News 24 Sept , A sight of misery, chaos, disorganisa-
tion, and general devilry. . ‘
b. humorously, Reckless indulgence in mischief,
hilarity, or daring.
5. A system of devils; demonology.
1844 Masson Ess., The Three Devils iii. (1856) 80 The
second part of Faust is devilry all through, a tissue of be-
wilderments and devilries. 1871 T'ytor /’rim. Cult. 11.230
The evil demon Aeshma Daeva..becoming the Asmodeus
of the book of Tobit, afterwards to find a place in the
devilry of the middle ages.
6. Devils collectively, a company of devils, (Cf.
cavalry, yeomanry.)
1832 Examiner 453/2 The -off of Don Juan was
managed by the same identical red-and-yellow gauze winged
devilry, 1856 R. A. VauGuan A/ystics vin. ix, The swarm-
ing devilry everywhere attends him,
De'vil’s-bird. A name popularly given to
various birds. (See also DEVIL-BIRD. )
+1. The Stormy Petrel. [app. transl. Fr, otseau
du diable.| Obs.
1634 Sir T, Hervert Trav. 18 Upon view of this Bird
(which Sea-men improperly call Devils Bird) an infallible
tempest and storme in lesse then two dayes, assailes the
ship. A. Witson Amer, Ornith. Il. 383 They have
been called Witches, Stormy Petrels, the Devil's Birds,
Mother Carey's Chickens.
2. The Yellow Hammer.
1837 Maccutvray Hist. Brit. Birds 1. 445 Yellow-
Hammer. .Skite, Devil’s-Bird.
3. The Pied Wagtail.
1883 Swainson Prov. Names Brit, Birds 44 Pied Wagtail
.. Devil's bird or Deviling (Ireland). From the constant
uncanny motion of its tail.
ee
|
;
4
DEVIL’S-BIT.
Devil’s-bit. Herd. [A transl. of med.L.
morsus diaboli, devil’s bite, in Ger. Teztfels-abbisz.]
1. A species of Scabious (Scabiosa succisa), a
common meadow plant with blue flowers, having
athickish premorse root; also Devil’s-bit Scabious.
c14g0 Alphita (Anecd. Oxon.) 121 Morsus diaboli..ang.
deue(le\sbite. 1568 Turner Herbal 11. #B The devils bite
is called in common Latine Morsus diaboli & succisa.
1578 Lyte Dodoens 1. Ixxiv. 110 Deuels bit groweth in dry
medowes. 1616 Surri. & Marku. Country Farme 203
Diuels-bit (so called, because it sheweth as though the
middle, or the heart of the root, were gnawed or bitten by
some Diuell. .as though the Diuell did enuie the good which
it bringeth vnto men by the incredible vertues that are
therein), 1672-3 Grew Anat. Roots 1. i. (1682) 61 That Plant
superstitiously called Devils-6it : because the end of it [i. e.
the Root] seems to be bitten off. 1747 Westey Prim. Physic
(1762) 78 Half a Pint of stron ecoction of Devil's bit.
1854 S. THomson Wild Fi. 11. (ed. 4) 247 The root which
seems to be ‘bitten’ off is the natural appearance. .and..
has given rise to the appellation ‘devil's bit scabious’,
2. Yellow Devil s-bit, a composite plant, Apargia
autumnalis, also called Autumnal Hawk-bit, fre-
quent in meadows in autumn.
1788 Puttney in Phil. Trans. L. Sut Hawkweed with
bitten roots, or Yellow Devil’s-bit. 1779 Licutroor 77, Scot.
(1789) I. 433. .
3. Transferred in U.S. to several American plants,
having roots of similar shape, as Chamwxlirium
luteum, the Blazing Star, N.O. Liliacewx ; Liatris
spicata, the Button Snakeroot, N.O. Composite.
Swamp D., /telea trifoliata, a shrub or small
tree, so called from its bitterness.
Devil’s books. An appellation of Playing
Cards (also called by Swift Pluto's Books).
I Swirt Jutelligencer No. 4 (ed. 2) 43 (Farmer) Cards
ante devil’s own invention, for which reason, time out of
mind, they are and have been called the devil’s books. [1730
— Death §& Daphne 80 For cards, we know, are Pluto’s
books.] 1738 — Polite Convers. iii. 194 Damn your Cards,
said he, they are the Devils Books. 1786 Burns 77a Dogs
226 They..wi’ crabbit leuks Pore ower the devil’s pictur’d
beuks. 1801 Sorting Mag. XVII. 144 They all voluntarily
declared they would never more touch the Devil's Books on
the Lord’s Day. 1861 THackeray Four Georges iv. (1876)
119 What hours, what nights, what health did he waste over
the devil’s books !
Devil’s claw. : :
1. Naut. a. ‘A very strong kind of split hook
made to grasp a link of a chain cable, and used as
astopper’ (Smyth Saz/or’s Wd.-bk.). 1b. A grapnel.
2. Conchol. A species of Scorpion shell (Prero-
ceras Scorpio) from the Indian Ocean.
3. Devil's claws, //erb. a, The Corn Crowfoot ;
b. The Bird’s-foot Trefoil.
1878 Britren & Hottanp Plant-n. 148 Devil's Claws,
(1) Ranunculus arvensis, so called from the dislike which
farmers have for one of the worst of weeds and from the
hooks which terminate each seed. Wight, (2) Lotus corni-
culatus. Somerset.
Devil’s coach-horse. A popular name of
the large rove-beetle (Goerius olens), from the
rearing and defiant attitude which it assumes when
disturbed. The name is sometimes extended to
other cock-tail beetles.
1840 Westwoop in Cuvier’s Anim. Kingd. 506 Well known
under the name of the Devil’s coach-horse. 1850 KAVANAGH
Frail. in Biog. (1891) 86 Lots of scorpions, devil's coach-
horses, and large spiders. 1869 Blackmore Lorna D, (1889)
25 This atrocious tale of lies turned up joint by joint before
her like a devil’s coach-horse, 1881 W: E. Norris Matrim.
IIL. iii. 5x One of those little beetles known to children as
the devil's coach-horses.
Devil’s dust. 1. The flock to which old cloth
is reduced by the machine called a devil; shoddy.
(Originally the dust made in this process.)
1840 CartyLe Misc. (1857) IV. 239 (D.) Does it beseem
thee to weave cloth of devil’s dust instead of true wool ? 1851
Grapstone Let, Ld, Aberdeen 7 Apr., Very like the cloth
made in this country from what is called devil’s dust. 185
Mayuew Lond. L + (1861) II. 30 The operation .. sends
forth choking clouds of dry Bae ge dirt and floating fibres
—the and origi evil’s dust’, 1864 Athengum
No. 1925. 364/3 Made up of as much devil’s dust as flax.
2. Applied rhetorically to dust or powder of
devilish invention or use.
1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. 1. 42 [They] were to take care ..
that cloth put up for sale was true cloth, of true texture and
weight. .wine pure. .flour unmixed with devil's dust. 1883
H. Smarr Hard Lines i. (Farmer) The snow-white walls - .
what a mess the devil’s dust, as used by modern artillery,
would make of them in these days.
+ Devil’s gold ring. 0s. Popular name
of a destructive caterpillar.
1552 Hutoet, Canker worme which th .. on cole-
wortes. Some do call them the deuyls goldrynge, & some
the colewort worme. 160r Hottanp Pliny I. 54) margin.
161r Coracr., Vrdec, the Vine-Fretter, or Devill’s Goldtog:
a worm. 1693 Evetyn De la Quint. Compl. Gard. Gloss.,
Devils Gold Ring, in French, Lisette, a sort of a Worm or
Cater-pillar infesting the young shoots of Vines. x
AtnswortH Lat. Dict. (Morell) 1. s. v. Devil, The devil’s
gold ring (a caterpillar).
ts. //erb. A popular name of the
Dodder (Cuscuta), from its pale slender stems
which wind round and strangle other plants.
1670 Ray Catalog. Pi. Angi. 88 In Sussexia rustici et
cola eam execrantur, odiosis nominibus //ed/weed et
evils guts apn 1878 Britren & Hott, Plant-n,
Vob,
289
149 Devil’s Guts, Cuscuta, various species, especially C.
europea. 4
b. Transferred to the Bindweeds, Convolvulus
arvensis and sepium, and the creeping Crowfoot,
Ranunculus repens.
1879 Miss Jackson Shropshire Wordbk. :
+ De-vilshine. (és. [In Ormin deofel/shine,
repr. OE. déofolscin, f. déofol devil + scine a phan-
tom, in comp. magic art, illusion.] A demon;
demonic power or skill: = DEVILRY 1, 2.
aroso Liber Scintill. vii. (1889) 35 Deofulscinnu [demonia]
purh zebed beod oferswypede. ¢ 1200 OrMIN 8110 And 3et
he dide mare inoh off deofellshine o life. c12z90 S. Ang.
Leg. I. 294/13 All false godes so beoth deuelschine, i-wis.
Devilship (dev ip). [f. Devin sé. + -sH1p.]
The office, condition, or quality of a devil.
1644 Sir E. Dertnc Prof. Sacr. C ij b, It were a devilship
of mind to forge such report. 1871 H. MarsHatt For very
Life 1. v, Cleverness is an attribute of devilship as well as
of Godhood.
b. humorously. Asa title: cf. lordship.
1624 GEE Moot out of Snare 63 His Deuil-ship raues and
struggles. 1668 Drypen Evenings Love v. 1, Bless his
devilship, as I may say. 1 Impostors Detected 1. 52 If
her devilship of a wife of his was in such a hurry. 1885 J.
HawtuorneE JA/iss Cadogna iv. 45 His delectable little
devilship, Sefior Asmodeus.
Devil’s milk. 7}. [tr. by Lyte of Ger.
Teufelsmilch, Du. Duyvels melck.) A name given
to plants with acrid milky juice. a. The Sun-
Spurge (Luphorbia Helioscopia) and Petty Spurge
(E. Peplaus).
1878 Lyte Dodoens 111. xxxii. 363 We may cal it after the
Greke Peplos, or following the Douche. Dyuels milke. 1611
Frorio, Pefilio, Wilde-purcelaine, some take it for Diuels-
milke or Pety-spurge. 1783 AinswortH Lat. Dict. (Morell)
1, Devil’s milk (herb), 77¢hymadlus. 1878 Britten & Hott,
Plant-n., Devil’s milk... Euphorbia Helioscopia. Middlesex.
b. The Celandine, Chelidonium majus.
1878 Britren & Hottanp Plant-n. Yorkshire.)
Deviltry (dewltri). [Corruption of Devitry :
perh. after such words as harlotry, gallantry,
etc.] =Dervinry. (Dial. Eng. and U.S.)
a@x82g in Forsy Voc. £. Anglia. 1825 J. Neat Bro.
Fonathan M1. 257 All sorts of bloated she things attracted
by the sharp odour of his deviltry. 1827 J. F. Coorer
Prairie 11. i. 3 The imps will lie for hours .. brooding their
deviltries. 1863 Reape //ard Cash liii, Dr. Sampson rushed
in furious. ‘There is some deviltry afloat.’ 1876 HoLitanp
Sev, Oaks xxiii. 324 What deviltry there is init, I don’t know.
1893 Cath. News 5 Aug. 4/6 Imposture combined with a
good deal of deviltry.
ily, var. of DEvILLy a. and adv. Obs.
Devine, -al, -or, etc., obs. ff. Divine, etc.
+ Devi'nct, A//. a. Obs. rare. [ad. L. dévinct-
us obliged, devoted, greatly attached, pa. pple. of
déevincire to bind fast, lay under obligations, f. dé
(De- I. 3) + vznctre to bind.] Bound, bounden.
573 Se. Acts Fas. VI (1814) 81 (Jam.) The said lady being
.. obleist and devint' to be cairfull of his hienes preserua-
tioun. 1614 R. WiLkinson Paire Serm. Ep. Ded. A iij b,
His majesties euer deuoted, and now of late more deuinct
and obliged Chaplaine. 1643 Sir J. Spetman Case of Affairs
21 Devinct and obliged to i person of the King.
Devious (di'vies), a. [f. L. déevi-ws out of the
way (f. d@=Dr- I. 2 + vza way) + -ous.]
1. Lying out of the way; off the high or main
road; remote, distant, retired, sequestered.
1599 H. Burres Dyets drie Dinner \vij, They [wild
swine] pigge, in desart, streyte, craggie and devious places.
1667 Mitton P. L. m1. 489 A violent cross wind .. Blows
them transverse ten thousand Leagues awry Into the devious
Air. 1771 Mrs. Grirritu tr. Viaud’s Shipoureck 256 Where
I thought .. to provide myself... better than in so devious
and desolate a place as St. Marks. 1826 Scorr Woodst. xi,
Showing .. upon how many devious coasts human nature
may make shipwreck. 1856 Kane Arct. Exfé. 1. xx. 250
These devious and untrodden ice-fields.
2. Departing from the direct way; pursuing a
berg or straying course; circuitous.
1628 May in Le Grys tr. Barclay’s Argenis 181 The foes
disranked fled Through deuious paths. _@1633 AusTIN
Medit. (1635) 61 Neither had they, so devious a Journey,
nor so long a time, to travell in, 1727-46 THomson Swemer
80 The wildly-devious morning-walk. 1817 CoLERIDGE
Poems, ‘ The Picture’, Alone, I rise and trace its devious
course. 1874 L. Morris To an Unknown Poet i, Along
thy devious Usk’s untroubled flow. 1887 Stevenson Under-
woods 1, xx. 42 The river of your life I trace Up the sun-
chequered, devious bed To the far-distant fountain-head.
b. Of persons or moving bodies: Following
a winding or erratic course ; rambling, roving.
1735 SoMERVILLE Chase m1. 344 But whither roves my
devious Muse? 1744 AKENsIDE Pleas. Jmag. 1. 197 The
long career Of devious comets, 1868 Lowe. Willows v,
A shoal Of devious minnows wheel from where a pike Lurks
balanced.
3. fig. Deviating or swerving from the straight
way ; erring, straying.
1633 Prynne Histrio-M. 1. vi. xii.(R.), Whose heart is so
estranged from reason, so devious from the truth through
perverse error. 1638 Cow .ry Love's Riddle iv, Yet still
this devious Error draws me backward. 1650 Caussin’s
Ang. Peace 53 Those men.. precipitate themselves into
devious enormities. 1847 Loner. Zv. u. iii. 143 Like the
sweet thoughts of love on a darkened and devious spirit.
4. quasi-adv. With wandering or straying course.
1782 Cowper Progr. Err. 60 Seek to .. lead him devious
from the path of truth. 1784 — Tiroc. 309 To pitch the
ball into the grounded hat, Or drive it devious with a
DEVISE.
dext’rous pat. 1848 C. Bronte ¥. Eyre xxvii, I sought the
Continent, and went devious through all its lands.
Hence Deviously adv., in a devious manner or
course, with deviation ; Deviousness.
1727 Battey vol. II, Deviousness, swervingness, or going
out of the way. 1742 WARBURTON Com. Pope's Ess. Man
Wks. 1811 XI. 34 God .. deviously turns the natural bias of
its malignity to the advancement of human happiness. 1791
J. Wiitaker Gibbon'’s Decl. §& F. 252 (R.) No words can
fully expose the astonishing deviousness of such a digression
as this. 1842 C. WHITEHEAD X. Savage (1845) II. ix. 288
Money that comes deviously into a man’s pocket goes
crookedly out of it. 1870 Lowexi Study Wind., Good word
Jor Winter (1871) 40 A nuthatch scaling deviously the trunk
of some hard-wood tree.
Devire, obs. form of Devorr.
+ Devirginate, fa. pple. Obs. rare. [ad. L.
devirginat-us, pa. pple. of dévirgindre : see next.]
Deprived of virginity, deflowered.
c1470 Harpinc Chron. vxut. xx, And for they would not
be deuirgynate, They slewe theim all, 1600 Crarman
Musvus 11. Argt., Fair Hero, left devirginate, Weighs, and
with fury wails her state,
+ Devirginate, v. Ols. [f. L. devirginat-
ppl. stem of dévirgindre to deprive of virginity,
deflower, f. DE- I. 6 + virgin-em virgin, maid.]
trans. To deprive of virginity ; to deflower, violate.
Also fig. Hence Devi'rginated ///. a.
1583 Stuppes Anat. Abus. 1. (1879) 145 To deverg
Mayds,’to deflour honest Wyues. 1624 Donne Serv. ii. 19
That Virgin Soule devirginated in the blood of Adam but
restored in the blood of the Lamb. @ 1639 W. Wuatery
Prototypes i. xxxiv. (1640) 157 Though Shechem had done
the Maiden this wrong to devirginate her. 1654 Gayton
Pleas. Notes i. viii. 120 Her devirginated Daughter. a 1680
R. ALLESTREE Sermz. (1684) II. 96 \L.) ‘To make use of
watchfulness over ourselves, that sin do not devirginate us,
Devirgina‘tion. § [ad. lL. dvirginition-en,
n. of action from L. dévirginare : see prec.] The
action of devirginating ; deflowering of a virgin.
1606 HoLianp Swefon. 192 Maidens, when they bee forced
and suffer devirgination, 1650 BuLWER Anthropomet, 226.
1704 D’Urrey V2. Advent. 187 A devirgination Was justice
upon this occasion. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Devirgination,
the loss of the signs of virginity from sexual connection.
Devirginator. vave. [a. L. agent-n. from
dwvirginare to Devircinate.] <A deflowerer,
ravisher. In quot /ig.
1889 R. Exiis Comment. on Catull. \xii. 32 An attack on
Night, the Devirginator, the foe of sun and daylight.
Devisable ((‘vai:zab'l), a. Also 6 devysable,
diuisable, 6-9 deviseable. [a. OF. devisadble,
that can be divided; in AF. that can be assigned
by will; f. devdser to DEVISE.]
1. Law. That can be devised or bequeathed, as
real property: see DEVISE v. 4.
(rz92 Britton 11. xx. § 7 Si.. le tenement soit devisable
par usage et custume da lu, sicum est de burgages.]
1535 Act 27 Hen, VIII, c. 10 $1 By the common lawes ..
landes, tenementes and hereditamentes, be not diuisable
by testamente. 1590 SwinpurNE 7estaments gt Whether
corne growing on lande morgaged, bee deuiseable. 1628
Coxe Ox Litt, 322 Tenements deuisable to another for
life, or for yeares. 1755 Macens /xsarvances 11. 369 ‘The
Shares in the capital Stock shall be transferrable and devis-
able. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) I. 405 Uses were devisable,
although at that time lands were not. 1847 7az?'s A/ag.
XIV. 192 Genius and talent are not devisable possessions.
1875 Poste Gaius 111. Comm. (ed. 2) 422 Land held in emphy-
teusis was alienable, devisable, descendible by intestacy.
2. That can be devised or contrived ; contrivable.
1649 SavLeR Rights af A eegiern 189 (T.) If there be no
records, there is scarce devisable a legal traverse or a trial.
1677 Barrow Sern, Wks. 1686 II. 36 Exceptions or cavils
devisable by curious or captious wits. 1795 Femzma 11.
39 Every devisable method for obtaining her, 1889 Mrs.
Lynn Linton Thro’ Long Night u. ix, Any folly devisable
by man. é i .
+3. Of deceitful contrivance, of feigned nature.
1659 Mitton Civ. Power Wks. 1848 II. 547 The more they
will. . find how false and deviseable that common saying is,
which is so much relied upon.
Devisal (divai-zal). rare. [f. DEVISE v. + -AL.
Cf. OF. devisaiile device.] The act of devising ;
contrivance, invention.
1854-6 Patmorre Angel in Ho, 1. 1. Vi. (1879) 201 If aught
of your devisal prove Too hard or high to do or be. 1875
Wauitney Life Lang. xiv. 309 Each word .. has its own
place, mode, and circumstances of devisal.
Deviscerate (divisére't), v. rare. [f. De- II.
1 + L. viscera entrails + -ATE3.] To disembowel,
eviscerate. Hence Devi'scerated ///. a., Devis-
cera‘tion, ‘the removal of the abdominal viscera’
(Syd. Soc. Lex.).
I Battey vol. II, Deviscerated, imbowelled.
vise (divai'z), v. Forms: 4-5 deuise-n, 5—
devise; also 4 deuis, -iss, 4-5 dyuyse, 4-6
deuyse, diuise, -yse, deuice, 5 dyuise, Sc. de-
wice, dyuys, 5-6 deuys, dewyss(e, Sc. dewyse,
6 devize, Sc. dewyiss, diwyse. [a. OF. devise-r
to divide, etc. = Pr. and OSp. devisar, It. divisare
:—late pop.L. *divisdre, freq. of dividére to DivipE,
which by dissimilation became devzsare in Romanic.
The sense-development was far advanced before the
word was taken into English ; OF. had the senses,
‘to divide, distribute, dispose in portions, arrange,
array, dispose of, digest, order, form a plan or
37 *
inat
confer together ; to blazon armes ; also, to surmise,
to thinke, to seeme vnto’.] -
+1. érans. To divide ; to separate, part; to dis-
Obs,
R. Bauxxe Chron. (18 sty Tn bre parties to She
his oste he did deuise. 1340 Pr. Cousc. i
fro
Mavunnev. ( ) xvii. 79 Inde es diuised in partys.
1483 Caxton Cate Ev, A waye whyche is deuysed in thre
wayes.
+b. To separate mentally, distinguish. Oés.
¢ 1340 Cursor M. 22929 ( Fairf.) Wele can he deuise pe tane
fra tober. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 237/2 Thou hast
in thy corage .. how thou myghtest deuyse the
a of eche. :
+2. To arrange, set in battle array. Ods.
¢ 1395 Coer de L. 3928 Kyng Richard. .devysyd hys hoost
in the feeld. (C£& quot. 1330 in sense 1.)
+3. To assign, appoint, order, direct. (a/so/. or
trans. with simple obj. or obj. clause.) Oés. ~
1303 R. Bauxne Havdl. Synne 9510 But he were .. In
= stone rs a ee As lesu cryst hap ar
sede. crzag E. EL Allit. P. B23 pryuely in paradys his
place watz devised. 1375 pit gt ate vn oer As is
deuisit, thai haue done. c¢ 1420 Pallad. om Husé. ni, 21
Chiches sowe afore as I devysed. c1qg0 Meriin 58 What
wilt thow that I do, for I will do euen as thow wilte devise.
¢ 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 374 He him baptysyd, And to
him his name dyuysid. 15¢8 Hatt Chrva. 11 For .- this
— he devised a solempne justes to be .. at Oxforde.
1597 Montcomerte Cherri¢ & Slae 927 Cum on.. And do as
we deuyse. 1606 G. W[oovcocke] tr. Asst. /estine 26b,
They were forced to deuise and let out their Citty vato
strangers.
4 Law. To assign or give by will. Now techni-
cally used only of realty, but formerly of all kinds
of property that could be disposed of by will, =be-
queath.
[In med L. dived? re =testamento disponere : see Du Cange.
The primary sense was literally ‘to divide or distribute one’s
possessions’, but the word had apparently passed into that
of ‘assign or ordain by will’ before its adoption in English.
Cf. quot. 1375 in sense 5 b.}
(1347 Test. Ebr. (Surtees) 1 44 (Will of Earl Warenne)
Tic devek a Isabelle de Holland ma compaigne mon anel
dor.) E. E, Wills (1882) 4, 1 deuyse to Thomas my
sone, a of tapicers werk. ¢ 1422 Hoccceve Min. Poems
(1892) 219 Y to thee dyuyse Iewelles .iij. a ryng brooch &
a clooth. xg7g tr. Littieton’s Tenures 356, A man may
devise by his testament hys lands and tenementes. 1647
N. Bacon Disc. Gort. Eg. 1. lxii.(1739'126 Richard the first
devised the Crown to King John. 1748 Ricnarpson Clarissa
(1811) I. xix. 136 Giving up to my fathers controul the estate
devised me. 1828 Cruise Digest ved. 2) VI. 17 Persons under
the age of twenty-one years are incapable of devising their
lands. 1827 Jarman Powells Devises I. 12 Lands or goods
cannot be devised to superstitions uses, within stat. 25
Hen. VII. c 10, by any means whatsoever. 1837 Act 7
Will. 1V & 1 Vict. c. 26 § 33 Any person. .to whom any real
or personal estate shall be devised or bequeathed. @ 1845
Sreruen ates Engi. (ed. 6) 1. 620 Where a man devises
lands to his heir at law. 1862 Troctore Ordey F. i (ed. 4) 2
‘This codicil .. devised a sum of two thousand pounds to
acertain Miriam Elsbech. 1895 Pottock & Marrtann // ist.
Eng. Law I. 336 The modern convention which sets apart
* devise’ for ‘realty * and ‘ bequeath" for * personalty *.
5. To order, appoint, or arrange the plan or de-
sign of; to plan, contrive, think out, frame, invent ;
a. something material, as a work of art or a
mechanical contrivance. (Formerly including the
notion ‘to construct, frame, fashion’; now ex-
bowes two,
York in Surtees Misc. (x 55 A convenient
Turks (1638 pag Pol me than his wr ke
(1638) lore ingenious in
warlike 1784 Task t. 211 The artist whose
ingenious Devised the Weatherhouse, that useful
toy! 1860 Tyxpate Glac. 1. xxx. 404 [An] instrument ..
exceeding i AO h devised. 1863 Gero.
Euor Romela +. iii, inlaying and statued niches,
which Gi devised a hundred and fifty years before.
é
Cassell’s Techn. Educ. IV. 62/2 The ingenuity
he devised tools for . . lock-maki
write. x375 Bs Bruce xx. His testament deuisit
he, And it how his land be Gouernit. 24-. Lync.
Teall Cae 09 Be ae Sate 1 on oe
ALSGR. can
a thing but I can nat penne it. wage Stannay Bag
b3
we eo
in diui or sane tenet Gna ies
Suaxs. Papa gen teas eee ise of
Cxsar. 1661 Brawnatt Fust Wind. iv. oie
xiv. BA
eae teted. 1833 Hr. Martixeau Sriery Creeév. 115
hc pd nx aay i have been devised for their
evening Sux B. Bronte Psychol. Jug. 11.
iii. 105 It is umpossible to devise any sanitary measures
w eq! ig.
Civilis. iv. (1875) 167 Having devised words for father and
mother. iss a
¢. aésol. or with clause: To contrive, plan
(that . . ., how .. ., etc., or to do something).
e E. E. Allit. P. B. 1100 Wel clanner pen any
deuyse. c1go0 Rom. Rese 7362 At the last they |
devysed, That wolde gone in tapimage. ¢ 1420 /’allad_
and impositions upon the people.
i you'l vse
heard my prayer.
x, For Nature also,
the individual form.
+d. To design, draw, represent by art. Oés.
@ 1400-50 1 /erander 280 In pis opir drat ware deuysid
a dusan of bestis. 1400 Destr. Trey 1673 Twenty pase vp
pight all of pure cristall, Pat were shynyng full shene shalkes
to deuyse. 1590 Srewsex F.(Q). ut 2 31 That deare Crosse
uppon your shield devizd.
+6. a. ref. To plan, determine, resolve. Ods.
1 Gower Conf IIL. 248 He all hole the cite lad Right
as he wolde him self devise. ¢ 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees)
6342 Pe seruand sees many penys Lig on the toumbe, he
him deuys To stele of paim belyue.
+b. intr. To resolve or decide ufon. Obs.
1548 Unat, etc. Erasw. Par. Pref. 18 Lyke a man that
had deuised upon it afore. 1998 Barcxtev Fedic. Man ut.
(1603) 161 Devising upon a man that might see this treason
punished. E
+c. with 7#f. To design. Oés.
3714 Gay Skeph. Week v. 1g | M Patient Grissel I devise to
sing.
7. trans. In a bad sense: a. To plot, scheme,
lay plans to bring about (evil). arch. Const. with
simple obj. or infin.
c1g0oo Desir. Trey 9478 To deire hym with dethe he duly
deuyser, With an arow. 1§13 Moar in Grafton Chron. Il.
788 Under pretext of her dutie to Godward, she divised to
disturbe this mariage. a1 Lo. Bexxers won Ixv. 223
These .ii. traytours devysyd and concludyd the deth of Huon.
1633 G. Hersert J emple, Sacrifice v, For thirtie pence he
did my death devise. r7gt Cowrer a? vit. 533 Devising
_.calamity to Troy. 1864 Tensyson Aydaer’s Sield 785
And knew not what they did, but sat Ignorant, devising
their own daughter's death !
b. To contrive or make up deceitfully or falsely ;
to feign, forge, invent. arch.
1513 More Rick. ///, Wks. 56 Much mater was ther..
deuised to the slaunder of y? lord Chamberlain. Play
Ntweley in Simpson Sch. Skaks. (1878) 166, I cannot tell
what todo. I'll devise some ‘scuse. 19719 Frevthinker No.
109. P2 The Eldest .. devised a monstrous Calumny to ruin
his Brother. 1820 Soctney Ode St. George's Day 1 The
tales which fabling monks of old Devised. 1887 Bowen
Virg. Aincid w. 51 Devise fair pleas for delay.
+e. with 06/. c/., or adsol. To feign, pretend.
x600 FE. Buownxr tr. Comestaggie 208 Incouraging them,
By
and warm ..devising long . . Matures
sometimes devising that the French suceours were on the |
way, sometimes shewing the. forces to bee greater then
they were. 1609 Howiann A meow. Marcell. xxx. iv. 386 If
thou s devise | Axreris] and say, That wilfully
thou hadst murtheredghine owne mother. 1610 — Casmeeten's
Brit. (1637) 8 He .. deviseth first that this Brutus was
a Consul of Rome.
+ 8. trans. (or absol.) To ‘contrive’ successfully ;
to achieve, accomplish, ‘ ge’. Obs.
3340-70 Alex. & Dind. 670 Hercules. . Diuisede here..a
in of wondrus. 1415 Hoccteve Te Sir ¥. Oldcastle 51x
‘Thee hie as faste as bat thou canst dyuyse. xgs3 T. Wusox
Rhet, (1580) 21 [He] could not devise the yng of some
Letters, in his Crosse rowe.. whereas before. .he wrote both
fast and faire. c 1992 Martows Mass. Paris 1. Could
;
, eG, oe
=
¢ 1400 Destr.
of pis dede as
os ia cet be cule
‘20% CXXii.
| aye a
cite and
o> Forpe
should
content.
+12. trans. To
look at att
¢ 1320 Sh
diuise be toures stoute.
shulde ar he did any
Alexander 5299
Seagen ae ohen. Barciay Shyp of Folys (
me 1509 ¥ 1
iichelde oato your prince Consider his sadeas, bis honsatie
+ b. To perceive, discern, observe. Ods.
@ 1x0 Cwrser M. 9895 \Gott.) Baylis has pis castel thre,
ee Sout, Ae 35 8 Sm Rear
@ 1400-50 wander Sone as ser Dary it deuysid,
sezis his foke faile. 2aage Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 1148 ‘That
no man counsel devise. 160 Suecron Qxdx. tv. vii.
11. 88 We Pheebus may devise Shine thro’ the rosal Gates
of th’ Orient bright.
+13. To set forth in detail, recount, describe.
a xgee Corser BT. Boge (Cust) Stomen be oye, A
coth naman deuis. ¢ 1300 A. Adis. 7. is no nede heore
armes to Gower Con/. I. 206 And tho began
childis moder fonde.
$
i
deray. ¢1
went, as I l you devise.
+ b. intr. or absol. To give an account. Oés.
¢1goo Keone. Rese 888 His beaute gretly was to preyse:
But of his robe to devise 1 drede encombred for to be.
€1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 1. c. \1869) 54 B
dieu spak and diuised of these belles. 160% Jouxsox
Aingd. & Comenew. (1603) 194 Hitherto have we devised
of Siam and Pegu (as a
Portugals into India. /Aid. (1603) 207 Of whose originall
and fortunes ..it shall not bee amisse to devise.
+14. To confer, commune, discourse, converse,
talk. Oés. [Soin mod.F.] a. ref.
©1477 Caxton Fasom 34 b, And we shall deuise us to geder
of oure auentures. ¢ — Blanxchardyn xvi. 52 The
proude pucelle..talked and denysed her self sore harde and
angerty wyth her maystres.
+ b. intr.
€ Caxton Fason 51b, Knowyng that he
jou he denised to him of many thinges and meruailes.
1$30 Pacsom. 514 2, I devyse, I talke or fynde comunycacion.
at Lo. Beasuns Huss xx. 54 Afar they bod Guavdaed
deaysed too gether a grete space. 15996 Srensen State Jred.
2 Let us..a Bite devin of then oS, ly ek
country is held in this wretched case. 1600 Hottaxp Livy
XLV. xii, 1208 He answered that he would devise with..
his and consider w was best to be don. 1614
Ratewcn Aist. World v. iii. § 1 His father, and other
friends, had long time this businesse.
+c. trans. with cognate obj.
1538 Stankey Exgland 1. i. 1 schal now at thys leser..
some thyng wyth you, Master Lvpset, dewyse, touchyng the
ordur of our cuntrey and commyn wel.
(divarz), 36. Law. Also 6-7
[a. OF. devise, devis (in same sense :—Romanic
devise, devisa, for L. divisus, and (late) divisa,
from ppl. stem of drmdére to divide, distribute,
apportion, also, in med.L., = di: testamento,
to dispose by will, In med.L., dfeisa was in
common use = divisie, origi
goods by
itself is called divisa [and ae (Da Come).
The same word as Device sé., formerly
sometimes spelt device; the eventual victory of the
| form devise may be partly due to the influence of
we devise To get those pedants from the King Navarre, —
‘That are tutors
+9. To
wo (Also ant) pony mr
€ mavcer L. GW. 1453 ty tes Anoon Argus hi
i devyse. 1400 's Cirnrg. It
~? ay medicyn after seaniadee
.) To conceive, imagine; to
Obs.
coreg EE: tilt. PB. 1046 Also red & so ripe & rychely
device oute.
to him. }
prepare with skill, make ready, provide,
peu
‘
i
the med.L. divisa in wills, but is prob. more owing
to the influence of the verb, and the close association
tf
i
i
ie
i
il
i
i
Gi
f
i
h
Ny
i
ie
;
!
i
if
a
a
i
é
9
4
DEVISED.
appoint in any manner you think proper, 1876 FREEMAN
Norm. Cong. V. xxiii. 329 For the first time in our story,
a devise of the Crown made before the actual vacancy
took effect. 1895 Pottrock & Mairianp Hist. Eng. Law
IL. 332 In the year 1182 .. the king made, not indeed his
testament, but his division or devise (divésam suam) of a
certain portion of his fortune.
B. 1589 Purrennam Eng. Poesie mi. xix. (Arb.) 241 No
man can say its his by heritage, Nor by Legacie, or ‘Testa-
tours deuice. 1618 Boron /Vorus 1. xx. 157 The people..
entring upon the whole estate, retained it .. by vertue of
his device, and Testament. a@ 1626 Bacon Jax. § Uses
Com. Law xiv. (1636) 58 If I devise the mannour of D .. of
which at that time I am not seised.. this device is void.
Devised (divai-zd), ppl. a. [f. Devise v. +
-ED ',] Planned, contrived, invented, feigned, etc.:
see the verb.
1ssz Hutoet, Deuised, cogitatus .. Deuised in thought,
or purposed precisely, meditatus. 1553 T. Witson Kiet.
sho) 179 Allegories, and darke devised sentences. 1611
IBLE 2 Pet, i. 16 Wee have not followed cunningly depised
fables. 1634 Canne Necess. Separ. (1849) 82 Worthily
speaketh M. Perkins .. when men set up a devised worship,
they set up also a devised God. a 1850 Catnoun /i/s.
(1874) IV. 26 What is it but a cunningly devised scheme,
to replenish the treasury of some of the states.
Devisee (divai:z7"). Law. [f. Devise v. + -Ee.]
The person to whom property is devised by will :
see DEvVISE v. 4. (Correlative to devisor.)
1542-3 Act 34-5 Hen. VIII, c. 5 § 17 The right and title
of the donees, feoffes, lessees, and deuisees therof. 1602
Furpecke 2vd Pt. Parall. 33 The deuisee cannot take the
goodes without the deliuerie of the executor. 1767 BLAck-
stone Comm, IL. 108 If the devise be to a man and his
assigns, without annexing words of perpetuity, there the
devisee shall take only an estate for life. 1813 Examiner
8 Feb. 95/2 The nephew was to be heir or devisee and
legatee of .. the uncle’s property, 1875 Poste Gaius u.
Comm. (ed. 2) 227 In the language of English jurisprudence,
Heir denotes a successor to real estate by descent, Devisee
denotes a successor to real estate under a will.
Devisely, obs. var. DIVISELY adv.
Devi'sement. vare. [a. OF. devisement, f.
deviser to DEVISE: see -MENT.]
1. Description. (Cf. DEVISE v. 13.)
c1gzas EZ. E. Allit, P. A. 1019, I knew hit by his deuyse-
ment, In be apocalyppez be apostel Iohan. As Iohan
deuysed 3et sa3 I pare. ; ;
2. The act of devising or contriving ; a device.
1sq4x Wyatr Defence Wks. (1861) p. xxvi, For the invent-
ing, for the setting forth, for the indictment, for devisement
of the dilating of the matters. 1879 [S. Moses] S/irit-
Identity 97 App. 1. § 5 Cunning devisements of curious
brains.
Deviser (divaiza1). Also 4 Sc. dewisowr,
4-6 deuysour, 4-7 diviser, 6 deuisour, deuy-
sar, -er, 6-7 (9) devisor. [ME. devysour,a. AF.
devisour =OF. deviseor, -eur, f. deviser to DEVISE.
In mod.Eng. (exc. in a special sense : see DEVISOR)
the suffix is changed into the common .agent-
ending -ER.]
One who devises; a contriver, inventor, framer,
forger, plotter, schemer, etc.: cf. the verb.
1523 Lv. Berners /oiss, 1. ccxxxi. 316 The prince of
Wales was a mean bytwene them, and chefe deuysour therof.
1538 Starkey Exgland 11. iii. 80 Curyouse descanterys and
deuysarys of new songys. 1571 GoLpinc Calvin on Ps, vii.
16 Devisers of mischeefe perish through their own devises.
1577 Norrusrooke Dicing (1843) 116 Who was the firste
deuisour of dyce playing ? 1614 Raceicn Hist. World ut.
24 The deviser of the mischiefe against Cyrus. 1646 Sir
T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 1. iii, 11 They are daily mocked
into errour by subtler devisors. 1672 Eacuarp Hobbes’s State
Nat. (1705) 11 As very a deviser, as if you had found out
gun-powder or printing. 179 Cowper /éiad iv. 398 And
thou, deviser of all evil wiles! 1867 Freeman Nori. Cong.
(1876) I. App. 629 ‘The first deviser of the scheme.
+b. One who makes ready, plans, or arranges
(a feast, etc.) : cf. DevIsE v. 9. Ods.
1375 Barsour Bruce xx. 72 Devysouris of that fest till be.
e1g00 Three Kings Sons 182 The kynge was the best diuiser
that any man coude fynde.
+c. One who prepares the plans of a building,
etc.; an architect. Ods.
1548 Parten Exped. Scotl. in Arb. Garner IIL. 76 Sir
Richard Lee Knight, Devisor of the fortifications to be
made. 1581 Mutcaster Positions xli. (1887) 242 What
should .. maryners, deuisours, architectes..do with latin,
1647 Hawarv Crown Rev. 23 Devisor of the Buildings.
Devising (divoi-zin), vd. sd. [f. Devise v. +
-InG1.]_ The action of the verb DEvISE; contriv-
ing, planning, invention, etc.
c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg.(MS. B) 106 Aftere be devysinge
of my symple wytt. 1530 Parser. 213/2 Devisyng, deus.
I Hooker Eccl. Pod. 1. viii, That in them God hath ..
left his intent to be acc lished by our diuising: @ 1610
Heatey Theophrastus, Newes Sorging (1636) 32 A devising
of deeds and words at the fancy or pleasure of the Inventor.
1879 MeCartuy Own Times Il. xxiii. 190 He sometimes
rode in a_ curious little cab of his own devising. 1885
Brivces Nevo 1. i. 2/2 The curse of life is of our own de-
vising, Born of man’s ignorance and selfishness.
+b. Conversation, talking (DEVISE v. 14). Obs.
1586 B. Younc Guazzo’s Civ. Conv. wv, 178 He thought ..
such a companie .,would have passed the time in some
manner of devising, and discourses, but now perceaved
himselfe to be rather in a .. silent place.
e. Law. The bequeathing of real property (Dr-
VISE v. 4).
1868 Rocers Po. Econ. xvii. (1876) 228 That which relates
to the letting, devising, and settlement of land.
291
Devision, obs. form of Division.
Devisor (dévai'zj1). Law. Also 6-7 -our.
[a. AF. deavisour, = OF. deviseor, -eur, {. deviser to
Devise. Formerly used in all senses of the vb.,
for which DevisER is now the general form.]
One who devises (real property) by will; one who
makes a devise. (Correlative to devisee.)
1842-3 ct 34-5 Hen. VIII, c 5 § 11 After the death of
any such owner or deuisour which shall make any such
. deuice by his last will in writing. 1574 [see Devise sé.].
1657 Sir H. Grimstone in Croke’s Rep. 1. 476 The intent of
the devisor. 1767 BLackstone Comm IL. 379 No after-
purchased lands will pass under such devise, unless, sub-
sequent to the purchase or contract, the devisor re-publishes
his will, 1876 Dicsy Read Prop. viii. 351 No liability
attached to the lands in the hands of the devisee for the
debts of the devisor.
Devisor, -our, obs. forms of DEVISER.
+ Devitable, a. Obs.—° [f. L. dévitdre DEVITE
v. + -BLE.]
1727 Baitey vol. II, Devitadle, easy to be shunned or
avoided.
Devitalize (d/vai'talaiz), v, [f. De- IL. r +
ViTALIzeE.] trans. To deprive of vitality or vital
qualities ; to render lifeless or effete.
1849 I. TayLor Loyola § Fes. (1857) 359 The philosophy
which is propounded to youth must be devitalized. 1861
H. Macminvan Footnotes Page Nat. 223 Those [persons]..
being devitalized by other noxious influences, such as viti-
ated air, defective sewerage, bad water, or an inadequate
supply of food. 1869 [see Drevive]. 1876 Contemp. Rev.
XXVIII. 729 This one incontestable fact of itself overthrows
or devitalizes the entire doctrine. 1883 H. Drummonp Nat,
Law in Spir. WW, (ed. 2) 86 The biologist cannot devitalise
a plant or an animal and revivify it again.
Hence Devi'talized, Devi'talizing ///. ai/s. ;
also Devi:taliza‘tion, the action of devitalizing.
1866 Reader 1 Sept. 770 Fungi .. flourish on .. surfaces...
which belong to devitalized beings. 1871 Sat. Rev. 1 Apr.
398/2 New preparations of concentrated food .. to meet the
*devitalization ’ which seems increasing in what we suppose
to be the well-nourished class of families. 1875 H.C. Woop
Therap.(1879) 349 The poison exerts no destructive chemical
or devitalizing influence upon the tissues. 1875 B. W.
Ricuarpson Dis. Mod. Life 385 Devitalized air finds its
entrance into human habitations.
+ Devita‘tion. Ods. rare. [ad. L. devitation-
em,‘n. of action f. dévitdre: see next.) Shunning,
avoiding ; exhortation to shun: the opposite of
tnvilation.
1614 T. Avams Devil's Banquet 45 If there be any here
that .. will venture himselfe a guest at the Deuils Banket,
maugre all devitation, let him stay and heare the Reckon-
ing. 1623 CockeraM, Deuitation, an eschuing.
+ Devi'te, v. Obs. vare—'. [f. L. dévitare to
shun, avoid, f. Dre- I. 3 + vitare to shun. Cf. IN-
viTE.] ¢rvans. To shun.
1549 CHALONER Evasm. Morie Enc. Riija, I exhorte you
.. to devite or shonne the company of heretikes. r
{ nonce-use. To ask not (fo do): the opposite
of cnvite.
1832 Lams Let. fo Cary in Life & Lett. Wks. (1865) 174
I am de-vited to come on Wednesdays.
Devitrification (divitrifikzi-fan). [a. mod.
F. dévitrification (1803 in Hatz.-Darm.), f. dévé-
trifier: see next.] The action or process of de-
vitrifying ; deprivation of vitreous character ; esp.
change (of rocks) from a glassy to a crystalline
condition.
1832 G. R. Porter Porcelain § Gl. xvi. 317 heading, On
the Devitrification of Glass. /éid. 326 The devitrification
was by no means perfect. 1865 Ecclesiologist XXVI. 269
The process of de-vitrification in ancient painted glass.
18 utLey Stud. Rocks x.163 The development of micro-
liths is one of the causes of devitrification in glassy rocks
and in artificial glass, 188x Jupp Volcanoes ix. 258 These
glassy rocks easily undergo ‘ devitrification’,
Devitrify (divitrifoi), v. [f De- Il 1 +
Virriry; app. after F. dévitrifier (1803 in Hatz.-
Darm.).] ¢vans. To deprive of vitreous. qualities
or properties; to cause (glass or a vitreous sub-
stance) to become opaque, hard, and crystalline in
structure. Hence Devi'trified f//. a.
1832 G. R. Porter Porcelain § Gl. 325 Experiments made
to devitrify stained glass taken from church windows. /é¢d.
326 Glass, when devitrified, becomes a much more perfect
conductor of heat and electricity. /did. xvi. heading, Power
of devitrified glass to bear sudden changes of temperature.
1879 RutLey Stud. Rocks x. 170 In most instances this
impure or devitrified matter is opaque.
Devi've, v. nonce-wd. [f. Dx- II. 1, after revive.]
trans. To render lifeless, devitalize.
1869 Owen in Microsc. ¥rni. May 294 O:
we can devitalise and revitalise—devive an
times.
Devize, obs. form of DEvIsE.
Devocalize (divowkalaiz), v. [f. De- II. 1 +
Vocaize.] trans. To make (a vowel or voice con-
sonant) voiceless or non-sonant.
1877 Sweet Phonetics 142 [W] often becomes (44) and even
(@), which, when a voiceless consonant follows, is devocalised
[tof]. 1888 — Lng. Sounds 18 The more primitive Sanskrit
usage. .devocalizes finally only before a pause or a breath
consonant.
Hence Devocaliza‘tion. ‘
1879 Sweet in Tvans. Philol, Soc. 484 Before voiceless
stops there is always devocalization.
isms which
revive—many
DEVOID.
+ De'vocate, v. Obs. rare. [f. L. dévocdt-
ppl. stem of dévocdre to call off, away, or down, f. °
De- I. 1, 2+ vocdre to call.]
trans. ‘To call down.
(In quot. 1570 perhaps ‘to make calls or demands’, if not
a misprint for derogate.)
c1570 Preston Caméyses in Hazl. Dodsley 1V. 188 Vhe
Commons of you do complain, From them you devocate.
1633 W. SrrutHER 77ve //appiness 52 Superstitious wor-
shippers thinke by their prayers, as charmes, to devocat and
draw God out of heaven.
+ Devoca‘tion. és. [n. of action f. L. dévoc-
are: see prec. and -ation.] A calling down or
away.
1623 CockerAM 11, A Cad/ing downe, deuocation. 1661
Rust Origen in Phenix (1721) 1. 33 All corporeal Pleasure
having something of Confusion and Disturbance in it,
together with a strong magical Devocation of the Animad-
version of the sense of it. 1680 HattywetL Aelampr. 97
(‘T.) To be freed and released from all its [sorcery’s] blandish-
ments and flattering devocations.
Devoid (divoid), a. Also 5-6 devoide,
-voyde, 5 -vode, 6 -voyd. [Originally pa. pple.
of Drevoipz., short for (or collateral variant of
devoided ; see next.]
With of: Empty, void, destitute (of some attri-
bute) ; entirely without or wanting. (Originally
participial, like dere/t, and, like the latter, only
used predicatively, or following its substantive.)
€ 1400 Kom, Rose 3723 Devoid of pride certaine she was.
1430 LypG. Chron. Troy 1. v, So is my meaning cleane
devoyde of syn. ¢ 1465 Pod. Kel. § L. Poems (1866) 2 Devode
of vices, 1509 Hawes Conv ers 47 Go lytell treatyse
deuoyde of eloquence. 1530 Parser. 310/1 Devoyde, with-
out or delyvered of a thyng, vagrde. 1603 Knoiies //ist
Turks (1638) 101 He lay specchlesse, deuoid of sence and
motion. 1660 BovLe New “vf. Phys, Mech. xxxiii. (1682)
126 ‘Vhough it be not quite devoy'd of all body whatsoever.
1762 FaLconer SA‘pwr. ut. 181 A wretch deform’d, devoid
of ev'ry grace. 1865 W.G. Patcrave Arabia I. 410 A very
simple style of dress, devoid of ornament or pretension.
b. without of: Void, empty. rare.
1590 Spenser /*. Q. 1. ix. 15 When I awoke, and found her
place devoyd, And nought but pressed gras where she had
lyen, I sorrowed all so much as earst I joyd.
+ Devoid, v. Vés. or rave. Forms: 4-7 devoyde,
4-6 -vode, 5-6 -voyd, -vyde, 5-7 -void(e, 4-5
dewoyde, 5 -voyede, 6 -wod, -woyd, -wid).
[a. OF. de-, desvotdier, -vuidier, -voyder, in mod.
I’. dévider, £. de-, des- \L. dis-) + vutde, mod. vide,
empty. Cf. med.L. désvacedre, in same sense. ]
(In 15-16th c. sometimes confused in form with Divipe..)
+1. trans. To cast out, get rid of, do away with,
remove, expel; to void. Oés.
c1325 E. FE. Addit, P.A. 15 Wyschande pat wele Pat wont
watz whyle deuoyde my wrange. /did. B. 544 De-voydynge
pe vylanye pat venkquyst his bewez. c1g00 Row, Rose
2929 Right so is al his woo fulle soone Devoided clene.
a1400-50 Alexander 4327 Auyrice & errogaunce & all we
devoide. ¢ 1420 Liber Cocorum (1862) 45 Devoyde po worme-
etone alle bydene. c 1485 Digby Myst. 111. 787 Wexal gete
yow leches, 30wer peynes to devyde. 1508 Dunpar 7ua
Mariit Wem, 166, 1 sall the venome devoid with a vent
large, And me assuage of the swalme, that suellit wes gret.
1509 Hawes Past. Pleas, 45, 61, 63, 64-
+b. To destroy, annihilate. Ods.
c1325 E. E. Allit. P. B. 908 For we schal tyne pis toun
& traypely disstrye, Wyth alle bise wy3ez so wykke wy3tly
deuoyde. a1400-s0 Ale-vander 3875 ‘To be deuowrid &
devoidid and vencuste for euire. .
+c. To empty out, pour out, discharge. Obs.
e140 Bk. Curtasye 718 in Badees Bk. (1868) 323 For a pype
per is insyde so clene, Pat water deuoydes, of seluer schene.
1513 Douctas 4éneis xu. i, 10 The Latyn pepyll..gan
devoid [v. ». devode], and hostit owt full cleyr Deip from
thar brestis the hard sorow smart.
+2. To vacate; to leave. Ods.
¢ 1328 Coer de L. 1228 He took hys doughter by the hand,
And bad her swythe devoyde hys land. a1450 Le Morte
Arth. 1167 There-fore devoyede my companye. | 1545
Aberdeen Reg. V. 19 (Jam.) He is ordanit to dewid the
tovnn within xxiiij houris.
+b. vefl. To withdraw (oneself). Obs.
a 1400 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 243, I am with 3ow at alle
tymes whan 3e to councel me calle, But for a short tyme
myself I devoyde. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 123 Or tha
culd diuyde thame of that land, Tha war baith tane and fast
bund fit and hand. :
+e. intr. (for ref.) To go away, withdraw.
c1485 Digty Myst. v. 380 Here lucyfere devoydeth, and
commyth in ageyne as a goodly galaunt. 1497 in Phil.
Trans. XLII. 421 ‘That they devoyd and pass with
thame,
+8. trans. To avoid, shun ; to get out of the way
of. Obs. -
1gog Hawes Past. Pleas. xxxv. xviii, I ful swyftly dyd
geve back ful oft, For to devoyde his great strokes unsoft.
1530 Patscr. 515/1 It shalbe harde to devoyde this mater:
ce seroyt forte chose de euiter ceste matiere.
+4. To empty; to make void or empty. Oés.
@x400-50 Alexander 2938 Alexander. .clekis vp be —
& putis in his bosom. Anobire boll was him bro3t & bathe
he deuoydid. 1430 Lyne. in Turner Dom. Archit. UI. 39
The canell scoured was so clene, And deuoyded into secrete
wyse. :
+b. To empty, clear, rid, free (of). Ods.
¢140 Hottanp How/at 519, I sal devoid the of det, Or de
in the place. c1g00 Lancelot 1022 Now help thi-self at neid,
And the dewod of euery point of dred. 1535 Stewart Cron.
Scot. U1. 163 To devoid Scotland Of Inglismen. 1548 Gest
Pr. Masse 80 Howe coulde the bread an vm pave to hys
-2
DEVOIDER.
purpose, yf they were utterly divoided of theyr accostumed
nature ?
+ 5. To render void or of none effect. rave —1.
1601 Br. W. Bartow Defence 225 Least..the Apostles
labour, by their carelesse leuitie, or carnall securitie, should
bee deuoyded and abased. ‘
6. To make devoid ; to divest. rare. nonce-wid.
1878 NV. Amer, Rev. CXXVI. 372 In any minds, so de-
voided of their religious sentiments.
+ Hence Devoi-ded ff/. a., divested, miade void.
c Lyne. Bochas 1, ii. (1544) 4b, As a prince devoyded
of on Against God he gan for to compasse. 1605
Time Querstt. 1. iii. ro Those things which are made by
arte. .are deuoided of all sense and motion.
+ Devoi'‘der. Os. rare—. [f. Devo v. +
-ER = OF. type desvuideor, of which the fem. des-
vuideresse, devoyderesse, is recorded by Godefroy.]
An expeller, a driver out.
14.. Lyn. Temple of Glass 329 O blisful sterre. .deuoider
of derknes,
Devoir (sce below), sd. Forms: a. 3-6 dever,
(4 deverre), 4-5 devere, (5 deveer, -yr, -ire,
-yer, deyver, deffere,6 debuer), 8. 4-6 devor,
4-7 devour, 5 divour, 5-6 devoure, 5-7 Svc. de-
vore, 6-7 deavour. yy. 5-devoir, 5-7 devoire,
devoyr(e, devoyer, 6-7 devoier. [ME. dever,
a. OF. deveir (=Pr. dever, Sp. deber, It. devere,
dovere), substantive use of pres. inf. of verb:—L.
débére to owe. In Eng. the stress was shifted from
(dévé'r) to (de'vér, dé-vér), and this subsequently
often spelt devour, devor, deavour: cf. ENDEAVOUR.
In the 15th c., and es. by Caxton, the spelling was
often conformed to Parisian Fr. devotr, though,
even thus, the stress was still often on the first syl-
lable, de'vorr being treated merely as a variant spell-
ing of de'vor, devour.
Psalms of Sternhold and Hopkins ; but the English
| euery syde To
Dever occurs as late as the |
tradition of the word died out before 1600, leaving |
devoir, in. 16-17th c. often anglicized as devoyer,
but now commonly treated as if adopted from
modern French, and pronounced (davwa'r, dévw9§:1,
de‘vw91) ; though it would be more correct, his-
torically, to pronounce it (de’vaz) as in endeavour.]
1. That which one ought to do, or has to do;
(one’s) duty, business, appointed task. (Chiefly
in phr. fo do one’s devoir). arch.
a, a1300 Cursor M. 21901 |Cott.) All liueand thing on sere
maners dos pair deuer [v. x. deuerre]. 1315 SHOREHAM 54
And 3yf hy [clerkes] douth wel hare dever Ine thysse heri-
tage. ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 71 Als knyght did
his deuere [v/se austere]. ¢1400 Destr. Troy 234 Do pi
deuer duly as a duke nobill. ¢ 1430 Piler. Lyf Manhode 1.
xli. (1869) 25 To do alwey my deueer. 1462 Dauseney in
Paston Lett. No. 452 II. 103 The Lords.. as bees they do
ryght well her devyer, and be worthey moche thanke of the
Kyng.
B. 1377 Lanci. P. P2. B. xiv. 136 Til he haue done his
deuor and his dayes iourne. a 1470 Twrort Czsar iv. (1530)
5 Doyng the devoure of myne offyce. 1489 (MS.) Barsour
Bruce xt. 430 Thai stalwardly sall stand, And do thair
deuour as thai aw. 1552 Apr. Hamitton Catech. (1884) 35
Do your devore and dewtie. a@ 1605 Montcomerie Flyting
443 Whan thae dames deuoutly had done their devore. .Of
that matter to make remained no more. 1606 HoLLANp
Sueton. 56 In the Cirque he brought forth to doe their
devour Charioteers, Runners and Killers of savage beasts.
y. 21430 (MS.) Cuaucer Man of Law's 7., Head-link 38
(Ellesm.) Thanne haue ye do your deuoir atte leeste [so
Hengwrt, devoire Petw., deuer Corp. & Lansd., deuyr
Camb., dewour Harl.}. 1485 Caxron Chas. Gt. 29 He faylled
not to doo gretely hys deuoyr. 1§73 Satir. Poems Reform.
xxxix. 236 And Drurie deulie fa his ful deuoir. 1589
Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 90 Democles commanded the
deathsman to doo his devoyre. 1608 L. Macnin Dumbe
Knight 1, What devoyre Drawes you within these lists?
1682 N. O. Boileau's Lutrin u. 16 The Rhine shall first his
streams mix with the Loire, E’re I forget the sence of my
Devoire. 1738 Warpurton Div. Legat. 1. 28 Exactly per-
form to one another the Devoirs of Citizens. 1828 Scotr
F. M. Perth viii, | think the Knight of Kinfauns will do his
devoir by the burgh in peace or war. oa © S. Haywarp
Love ao World Bi Did my worthy brother do his devoir
as eg ant knight should?
+2. That which one can do, (one’s) utmost or
best ; endeavour, effort. Chiefly in phr. 40 do one’s
devoir, to put oneself in devoir = to do what one
can, to endeavour (40 do something). Ods.
a, 1362 Lanai. P. P/. A. xu. 2, I have do my deuer be
dowel to teche. cx460 J. Russert Bk. Nurture 659 in
Babees Bk. (1868) 162 Pus y shalle damy devere To enforme
yow. paid Plumpton Corr. 59, 1 shall put me in dever
to fullfill your intent. 1537 T. Cumrtun in Ellis Orig. Lett.
Ser. 11. II. 91, I have..don my debuer accordyng to the
teneur of hit. 1549-62 Sternnotp & H. Ps. xxii. 26 And
those that doe their deuer To know the Lord shall prayse
his name, ‘
B. cx400 Song Roland 498 Trist us neuer If we in this
mater donot ourdeuour, 1451 Paston Lett, No. 114 1. 154,
I. .wol put me in devour for to your d
1502 AxnoLve Chyon. (1811) 240 Lerne of me and do thy bes:
deuor From my folkeal rauen todisseuor. 1513 More Ric:
111, Wks. 66/2 He woold doe his vttermost to set the
realm in good state. 1533 — Answ. Poysoned Bk. ibid.
—— Wening that his owne deuour wer in vaine. 1664
Flodden F. iii. 22 Your deavours here are all in vain.
y 14 Matory Arthur vu. xxiii, lam moche behold-
ynge vnto that knyght, that hath put soo his ee in deuoyre
to worshippe meand my courte. 1509 Barctay Shy of ayde.
uke
(1874) II. 251 Doynge his deuoyr for the same ay to
¢ 1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist, (Camden 1844) 15
| devoirs au Roi. 1
292
of Relient exhorted tags to defends sith alt shalt awtios
ignitie and high reputation of King Henry.
Marston Ant. & Med. 11. Prol., age Bene be eke in
weake devoyer. 1671 Mrs. Benn Fore’d Marriage 1. iv,
No, my inia, quit this vain devoir, And follow Love
may preserve us all,
+ 3. Service due or rendered to any one. Ods.
“— (MSS. after 1400) Cuaucer Pars. T,P 690 (Ellesm.)
is des tn: v. dacticn Getwyen cemattt deeee a
is due [v. rr. deuoire, 5 leuyr
Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1. v. 98 Yf .. she ye! the
deuoure of maryage ayenst her wyll. 1590 MarLowe Zdw.
1, v.i, To do your highness service and devoir.. Berk
would die. Cuas. I in Rushw. Hist. ColZ. m1, (1692) I.
633 [They] shall in no wise be excused of their Service and
Devoiers due of their said Lands and Possessions. —
Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 46 It may be wondred why
French did not assist us.. i reality is, t
Deyoirs, but we must equip their Ships. 17.
vi. 292 Monarchs, and ministers, are aw
ever wear them, challenge our devoir.
4. A dutiful act of civility or respect ; usually in
pl., dutiful respects, courteous attentions, addresses ;
chiefly in phr. to do or pay one’s devoir(s (to some
one). (The current sense.)
a, B. 14.. Epiph.in Tundale’s Vis. 107 That he hym selffe
[Herod] wold after goo Vnto the chyld and hys deyver doo.
a 1845 Hoop Faithless Nelly Gray iv, He went to pay her
his devours, When he'd devoured his pay !
y- 1513 Brapsnaw St. Werburge 1.655 This royall mary-
age was solempnysed .. Theyr frendes, cosyns ty on
o theyr deuoyre. 1669 Drypen Wild
Gallant w. i, 1 beseech your ladyship instruct me where
I may tender my devoirs. 1673 — Marr. a la Mode u. i,
O, my dear, I was just going to pay my devoirs to you. 1676
Suapwe tt Virtuosot, 1, He’s come to pay his devoir to you.
1754 RicHarpson Grandison Let. 14 Oct., I am come down to
pay my devoirs to Miss Byron. I hope for acceptance. 1782
European Mag. 1. 248 She .. resisted the devoirs of the
tender and pious Lord George Gordon. 1826 J. Scort Vis.
Paris 37 In the inn-yards of our great North-road, when
the passing coachmen pay their devoirs to the expectant
chambermaids. 1873 BrowninG Red Cott. Nt.-cap 141 When
he paid devoir To Louis Quatorze as he dined in state. 1880
aid his grave de-
into Lady Roe-
ul names ; Who-
Disraeit Exdym. \xiv, Prince Florestan
voirs, with a gaze which seemed to searc
hampton’s inmost heart. :
Ci 8. pl. Moneys due; dues; duties. Ods.
[1360 Act 34 Edw. ///, c.18 Paiant lour custumes & autres
Act 2 Rich. //, Stat 1c. 3 Custumes,
| subsides et autres devoirs de Calays.] 1502 ARNOLDE Chron.
(1811) 125 The said William Herris sued a plee from the
courte Xpian too the court of Rome in a cause of deuors
hanging bewixt oon Alis Doughtirlawe of R. S. and the
said William. 1§03-4 Act 19 //en. VI/, c. 27 §1 The Kinges
duetie called the devours or Custume of Calays. a
Termes de la Ley 116, (tr. quot. 1378] Customes and su
| sidies, and other devoires of Caleis.
“the fen
+ Devoir, v. Ols. rare. In 6 dever, devoyre.
[f. prec. sb.] intr. and ref. = ENDEAVOUR v.
1530 Patscr. 514/2 I dever, I peg be my mynde to doa
thing .. I shall devoyre my selfe to the best that I maye.
Devoit, obs. Sc. form of Devout.
Devorke, v. Obs. rare—°. [ad. L. dévocare
(see DEvocaTe): after convoke, invoke, which go
back to French originals.]
1623 Cockeram, Deuoke, to call downe
Devolatilize : see Dr- II. 1.
+ Devo'lt, -vou'lt, fa. pple. Obs. [a. Anglo-
Tr. devolt = ¥. dévolu, repr. L. dévoliitus, pa. pple.
of dévoluére.] = DEVOLVED.
1531 Dial. on Laws Eng. 1. xxxvi. (1638) 124 If he..pre-
sent not, then the presentment is devolt [ed. 1721 devoulte)
to the Patriark,
+ De-volute, #//. a. Obs. [ad. L. dévoliit-us
pa. pple. of dévoluére: see DEVOLVE.] Devolved,
transmitted down.
1460 Carcrave Chron. 53 Alisaundre rejoysed the kyng-
dam of Babilon, that was thanne..devolute to the k F
of Perse. 1513 More Rich, ///, Wks. 63 Y° right title
of [the crown of England]..is..deuolute & comen vnto y®
most excellent prince y* lord protector. 1531 Diad. on Laws
Eng. xxxi. (1638) 54 If a Title..be once devolute to the
heire in the taile. 16az R. Jounson Way to Glory 41 The
monarchie of the Romans ., became devolute to Julian the
state. [1721 St. German's Doct. & Stud. 261 Specially if
the collation be devolute to the Pope.]
Devolute (deliv), v. rare.
ppl stem of dévoluére: see DEVOLVE. 4
. trans. To pass or transfer by devolution; to
DeEvoLve,
tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden 1846) 1, 127 At
he the monarchie was devoluted to one onlie. 1548
Haut Chron, 182 The saied Crowne .. should di
f, L. dévoliit-
| crown.
.
DEVOLUTION.
iat derhne Dien: m Deeb
2. fig. The rolling or passing on of time ; descent
i through a series of revolutions or
ap Jacesow Creed vi. xviliy, The poaribie devolutions
wi Cat
R
Boundaries and .
y during the Carlovingian Dynasty . 1841
ion in price.
succession
, or fig. of qualities, etc.
ant, Unatt, etc. Erasm. Par. Pref. 11 By a moste, just
right deuolucion, and dyscent of inheritaunce of the
of Englande, F; and Irelande. 1590 Swin-
BURNE Testaments 2gt The legacie is lost without hope
of deuolution th to the or administrators.
@ 1631 Donne in Sedect. Gas) 130 Now for the riches them-
selves.. he may have them y devolution from his
1706 De For Fure Div. ix. 194 If Kings by Jus Divinum
wear the Crown, By nat’ral Devolution handed down. 1827
Harram Const, Hist. (1876) II. xiv. 95 The party of
lord Danby.,asserted a devolution of the crown on the
princess of Orange. 1842 Grove Corr. Phys. Forces (ed. 6)
1o A force cannot originate ot! ise than by devolution
from some pre-existing force or forces.
4. The passing of any unexercised right to the one
upon whom it devolves if allowed to lapse.
1593 Bitson Govt. Christ's Ch. 349 To loose their right ..
by devolution, when they neglected their time aboue sixe
monethes. 1656 Biount Glossogr., Devolution..a falling
into lapse. 166x Bramuatt Yust. Vind. vi. 129 A thousand
other artifices to get — As provisions, Collations,
Exemptions, Canonisations, Divolutions, Revocations. 1
Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) La An Empty Fellow
-.whom the Archbp. of Cant. Dr. Tennison, put into the
Society upon the Devolution to him of that Power, xg12
Jbid. 11, 331 If it [election of Warden of New Coll.] be not
determin’d within 12 Days there will be a Devolution. ane
BLackstone Comm. 1V. 62 Vacating the — or $
and a devolution of the right of election for that turn to the
1818 Hattam Mid. Ages (1872) Il. 212 The popes
soon assumed not only a right of decision, but of devolu-
to another, of pro;
| tion; that is, of supplying the want of election. . by a nomina-
tion of their own. toc heaghes Gallican Ch. 1. Introd. 23
note, ‘ Devolution’ signifies the lapse of a benefice to the
Pope, by reason of failure on the part of the patron to pre-
sent a clerk duly qualified.
+b. The passing of jurisdiction upon appeal. Ods.
1593 Bison Govt. Christ's Ch, 11 All matters without ex-
ception pertaine to Christ's tri I originally, and not by
way of devolution. a@1676 Hate (J.), The jurisdiction ex-
ercised in those courts is derived from the crown of E:
1706 tr. Dupin's Eccl. Hist. 16th C. 11. w. xx. by Pek
post
Law. aoa tag
1861 W. Beit Dict. Law Scotl., Devolution is a term
sometimes applied to the reference made by two or more
arbiters who differ in opinion, to an or umpire, to
determine the difference. To confer this power on arbi
an express clause in the submission is necessary. The term
is also applied to the devolution of a purchase made under
articles of roup w the next highest offerer, on the failure
of the highest offerer to find caution for payment of the
price within the time limited by the articles.
5. The passing of the power or authority of one
person or body to another.
1765 Biackstone Comm. I. 162 ‘This devolution of power,
to the ple at large, includes in it a dissol of the
whole form of gov blished by ple. 1875
Bryce Holy Rom. Emp. xiv. (ed. 5) 236 The onees
exclusion .. of any notion of a devolution of authority
the sovereign people. F
6. Biol. (opposed to Evoturion) : Degeneration.
1882 H. S, Carrenter in Homilet, Monthly Sept. 688 If
there be e-volution, there surely is de-volution, a i
of the species, 1892 7 Se. Monthly XL. chical
d cl progress which in contrast with evolution is
tion, 1
II. From the transitive senses of the vb.
+'7. The action of throwing down. Ods.
Br. Patrick Paral. Pilgr. 303 In those stibmissions
and devolutions of ourselues before our Lord, ion
8. fg. The causing of anything to descend or
upon (any one); the handing (of anything) on to
a successor, P t ;
16a SANDERSON Serm. ory 2. The suspension of his
4 . t!
bee divoluted to the Duke of Yorke. 1570-6 LAMBARDE
for his time; 3. he devolution of it upon
Peramb, Kent (1826) 229 The right of the Advov was
devoluted unto him, 1586 Frerne Blas. Gentrie 31 The
coat deuoluted to the bearer from his auncestours. 1891
Pall Mali G. 28 July 2/2 The House will devise means of
devoluting some of its work to more leisured bodies.
2. intr. To lapse. _
1893 A. Keneaty Molly § Man 24 Some dusky potentate,
whose entity and powers had devoluted through the —
. [ad. med. L,
Devolution (devolii fan) os
lition-em, n. of action f. hs pe to roll down:
see Drvonve and -10N.]
I. From the intrans. senses of the verb.
1, Ht. Rolling down; descending or falling with
rolling motion. arch. ona
ERAM Deuolution, a rolling d ‘ooD-
sme deh Hist. Earth 1. (1723) 57 errations, or the De-
volution of Earth down upon the Valleys, from the Hills.
h Chr, v. 1. (18
Guvolsion of cone, bandeon'63. the Basta Geek Be
were treated with it. i Sane © Homer I. 489 A de-
waren of Secereany ther partial or total, by aged men
upon their
9. The causing of authority, duties, or the like
to fall upon a substitute or substitutes; esf. the
delegation or leaving of portions or details of duties
to subordinate rena ys «. Reapenng . ws
“the wid towed fiom the devoletion of is Gute
ments wh the Penge =
ties acting without a head. . Amer. Rev.
CXVIL To lighten the cares of the central Legis-
lat evolution. 1880 GLapstone Sf. ix
Pon: oh We.siTee de ehealtinen wig Ve wantp dartese,
po conse ae he roland fsck bomen
and effe measure ution i
its powers as may be safely devolved, with the view of
DEVOLUTIVE.
lightening its duties. 1888 — in Daily News 6 Nov. 6/2
‘They were passed by the Grand Committees—passed by the
method of what is called devolution. 1889 G. FinpLay
Eng. Rait: 15 The of this great service is
nothing more than a carefully arranged system of devolu-
tion combined with watchful supervision.
0. Math. =Evouvti0n 4b. Obs.
1690 Leysourn Curs. Math, 343 Eduction of the Lesser
Root by Devolution.
Devolu‘tive, ¢. [f. L. dévolit- (see Devoturer)
+-IvE.] Of, pertaining, or tending to devolution.
1872 Jervis Gadlican Ch. 1, Introd. 76 Whether the affe/
comme @abus had a ‘suspensive’, or only a ‘devolutive’
effect.
Devolve (divy'lv), v. [ad. L. devolv-cre to roll
down, f. Dr- I. 1 + volvére to roll.]
I. trans.
1. To roll down; to cause to descend with rolling
motion; also to unroll (something rolled up), to
unfurl (a sail). arch.
c1420 Pallad, on Hush. xt. 497 Thenne hem to the
presses they devolve. 1623 CockEeram, Deuolue, to role
downe. 164x Mervin in Rushw. //is¢. Col?. 1. (1692) I. 217
These like Straws and Chips play’d in the Streams, until
they are devolved in the Ocean of their deserved Ruine.
1700 Prior Carmen Seculare 283 His Thames, With gentle
course devolving fruitful Streams. 1758 Murrny Orphan
of China u., ii. 1&8 Where the Tanais Devolves his icy tribute
tothe sea. x Beattie Fudgm. of Paris \ix, Who..All
to the storm the unfetter’d sail devolve. 1846 Dz Quincey
Syst. Heavens Wks. II. 171 Where little England. .now
devolves so quietly to the sea her sweet pastoral rivulets.
Jig. 1610 Barroucu Meth. Physick Pref. (1639) 2 Whose
names are devolved and brought unto us by the succession
of ages. 1830 Tennyson Character, He spake of virtue ..
And with. .a lack-lustre dead-blue eye, Devolved his rounded
periods.
+b. To roll over so as to cause to fall ; to over-
turn, overthrow. Ods.
©1470 Harvinc Chrox. xcvut. iv, All his nacyon Deuolued
were, and from theyr ryght expelled. 1608 Heywoop Rafe
of Lucrece v. iv, They behind him will devolve the bridge:
@ 1658 CLEVELAND Ws, (1687) 215 That pious Arch whereon
tne building stood, Which broke, the whole’s devolv'd into
a Flood.
+e. To roll away (from a person). Obs.
1654 Gataxer Disc, Apol. 10 He was solicitous to devolv
and depel from himself. .the note of avarice.
+d. To roll (to and fro). Ods. rare.
1725 Pore Odyss. xx. 35 Ulysses so, from side to side de-
volv'd, In self-debate the Suitors doom resolv’d.
2. fig. To cause to pass down by the revolution
of time (zz¢o some state or condition).
1533 BeLLenven Livy 11. (1822) 145 All the soumes, quhilkis
war afore devolvit in dett, war commandit to be restorit to
thair creditouris. 1545 Jove Z.xrf. Dan. xi.(R.) Thus was
the worlde 47 yeris before Crystis birthe deuolued into the
fourth monarchie called the Romane and last empyre. 16.
Hunton Vind. Treat. Monarchy viii. 57 That State was
then devolved into a Monarchy by Conquest.
3. fig. To cause to pass Zo or fall zfon (a person’.
a. ‘To cause to pass down by inheritance or legal
succession (¢o another),
1538 LeLanp /¢iz. VI. 31 The Dykes Landes by Heyres
generalles is devolvid now to Mr. Goring and to Mr. Deringe.
1590 SWINBURNE 7'estaments 291 The legacie is not devolved
to his executors. 1631 WEEVER Anc. un. Mon. 569 The
inheritance diuolued by marriage vnto the Maynards. 1659
B. Harris Parival’s /ron Age 20 They grew to be devolved
under the House of Burgundy. 1751 Jounson Rambler
No. 12x P 5 Students..can seldom add‘more than some small
particle of knowledge, to the hereditary stock devolved to
them from ancient times.
+b. To cause to pass (/0 or zvfo the hands of an-
other) ; especially through the failure or forfeiture
of the previous holders, Ods.
1579 FENTON Guicciard. 1, (1599) 6 They were diuolued to
the sea Apostolike by the disposing of the lawes. 1602 Fut-
BECKE Pandectes 32 The State being now..deuolued to the
dregges of the people. 1603 Knoties Hist. Turks (1621)
1239 Pronouncing their lives, their goods .. to be confiscate
and devolved unto the Emperour his cofers. 1622 Donne
Serm, cly, VI. 212 By their connivence that power was de-
volved into a foreign prelate’s hand. 1690 Locke Govt. m1.
viii. (Rtldg.) 108 War..naturally devolves the command into
the king’s..authority. 1726 Aytirre Parergon 74 The Ap-
peal operates the Effect of a Devolution ; because it devolves
the cause to a Superiour Judge.
te. To cause to fall or alight (0 or won an
object). Ods.
x60r Hottanp Pliny II. 460 The denomination of these
criminall Iudges .. being thus deuolued vpon them, there
continued. 1649 Mitton Zikon. 30'The King envying to see
the Lag pond love devolv'd on another object. 1667 — P. L.
x. 135 Least on my head both sin and punishment.,be all
Devolv'd. @ 1682 Sir T. Browne 7vacts 172 The last excuse
devolveth the errour..upon Croesus. De For Shortest
Way w. Dissenters Misc. 429 When our Government shall
be devolv'd upon Foreigners.
d. To cause (a charge, duty, or responsibility)
to fall zfox (any one) ; es. to throw upon or de-
legate to deputies duties for which the responsibility
belongs to the principal. (Now a chief sense.)
1633 Be. Hatt ard Texts 316 All affaires. .of the King’s
household. .shall be devolved upon his fidelity. 164 Smec-
tymNnuus Vind, Answ. x, (1653) 42 He gives this charge
not to his Chancellor or Commissary, or any other man
— whom hee had devolved his power. 1754 Hume //ist.
ng. I, xiv. 352 He was obliged to devolve on others the
weight of government. 1777 Rosertson Hist. Amer. (1783)
I, 183 The Sees court..was extremely willing to devolve
the burden of discovery upon its subjects. 1818 Jas. Mitt
Brit. India 11, v. ii. 354 The master..becomes too weak
293
to resume the power which he has imprudently devolved.
1847 Appison Law of Contracts 1. i. § 2 (1883) 114 A mere
honorary churchwarden who .. devolves all the duties of
this office upon a paid colleague. 1880 C. H. Pearson in
Victorian Kev. 2 Feb. 540 ‘Those who, because they are
too busy or too ignorant to discharge the higher duties of
self-government, have been glad to devolve them upon their
representatives.
+4. To throw (a person) zfor (some resource).
1636 WILson alias Knorr Direction to be observed by N. N.
ii. 17.If the true Church may erre.. we are still deuolued
either vpon the private Spirit .. or else vpon naturall wit
and judgement. a1672 WreN in Gutch Cold. Cur. 1. 252,
I am now devolved upon that unparalleled villainy. 1675
BurtHoGGEe Causa Dei 166 He..then intirely devolves him-
self on Jesus Christ for it.
II. txtrans.
5. To roll or flow down from (a source’. arch.
1630 Lorp Banians 18 (1..) Streams that had in rolling
currents, from the tops of the mountains, devolved into the
rivers below. 1725 Pore Odyss. 1v. 34 Two youths whose
semblant features prove ‘Their blood devolving from the
source of Jove. 1771 SMoLLETT Ode to Leven-Water
17 Devolving from thy parent lake, A charming maze
thy waters make. 1783 W. F. Martyn Geog. Mag. 11; 320
The quantities of snow which devolve from the superior
arts of the mountain have sometimes proved fatal to travel-
ers. 1847 R. CHamBers 7vaditions Edin. 188 It was a
goodly sight to see the long procession devolve from the close.
6. fig. To roll or flow on ¢o or zz¢o (some con-
dition).
1579 Fenton Guicciard. Vv. (1618) 197 ‘That the matters ..
would with speed diuolue to their perfection. /é¢d. (1618) 299
The affaires of the Pisans .. did daily diuolue into greater
straits. 1678 Marve. Growth Popery Wks. 1875 1V. 300 To
raise, betwixt the King and his people, a rational jealousy of
Popery and French government, till he should insensibly
devolve into them. @1859 Dre Quincry Theban Sphinc
Wks. X. 238 Four separate movements through which this
impassioned tale devolves.
. To pass to the next in natural or conventional
order, a. To pass or fall ¢o another, esp. through
the failure or forfeiture of the earlier holder.
¢1555 Harrsrietp Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 184 That it
should not devolve from himself and his colleague to the
court of Rome. 1683 Brit. Spec. 66 Yet does not the Suprem-
acy devolve to the multitude, who never yet had right to
Rule, or choose their Rulers. 1754 Hume //és¢. Zug. III.
Ixi. 322 To him the benefit of all forfeiture devolved. 1765
Biackstone Come. I, 22 Being then entirely abandoned by
the clergy. .the study and practice of it [civil law] devolved
..intothe hands of laymen. 1786 Burke Warren Hastings
Wks. (1842) I]. 145 By the death of Colonel Monson, the
whole power of the government of Fort William devolved
to the governour and one member of the council.
|
To pass down, descend, or fall in course of
succession Zo (07, w#por) anyone.
16x SpeeD /Zist. Gt. Brit. vi. xliv. 150 The Empire thus
deuolued to Dioclesian. 1655-60 StanLey //ist. Philos.
(1701) 38/2 He had a Brother, who dying without Issue, his
Estate devolved to Pittacus. 1689 in Somers 7 acts II.
341 If a King dies, he hath a Successor, and the Right de-
volves upon him. @1713 Exttwoop Axtobiog. (1765) 3
‘This Friendship devolving from the Parents to the Children.
1752 JoHNSON Rambler No. 1908 P13 He died without a will,
and the estate devolved to the legal heir. 1806 Surr Winter
tn Lond. \11.25 A considerable estate in the Cape of Good
Hope, which had devolved to us through a relation of my
wife’s mother. 1885 Law Times LX XIX. 175/1 A service
of plate bequeathed by a baronet to devolve with his
baronetcy.
e. To fall as a duty or responsibility ov or «pon
anyone.
1769 Rosertson Chas. V, V. tv. 418 After Bourbon’s death,
the command .. devolved on Philibert de Chalons. 1791
Cowrer Odyss. 1. 440 To us should double toil ensue, on
whom the charge To parcel out his wealth would then de-
volve, 1819 J. Marsuatt Const. Opin. (1839) 208 By the
revolution, the duties .. of government devolved upon the
eople of New Hampshire. 1860 ‘T'yNDALL Glac. 1. xvi. 107,
i inew that upon him would devolve the chief labour. 1884
Manch. Exant. 9 May 5/2 They recognise the obligation
which devolves upon them.
8. Of persons: a, To have recourse ¢o (for sup-
port); come zor as acharge. b. To fall or sink
gradually, to degenerate. ? Ods.
1748 Jounson L. P., Savage Wks. III. 348 His conduct
had .. wearied some. but he might..still have devolved to
others whom he might have entertained with equal success.
1751 — Rambler No. 149 ¥ 9 Multitudes are suffered by
relations equally near to devolve upon the parish. 1830
J. Ber Ess. on Foote Foote’s Wks. p. ii, A gentleman and
scholar devolving into the buffoon .. is an unseemly sight.
Hence Devo'lving wé/. sd.
1675 TRAHERNE Chr. Ethics xxvii. 427 Tidings of his
father’s death, and the devolving of his crown and throne
on himself.
Devolvement (divy'lvmént). [f. Devoive z.
+-MENT.] The action of devolving; devolution.
1847 in Craic. 1892 Miss Brovcuton Mrs. Bligh xv. 336
Arrangements for the temporary devolvement ot hae aati
anthropical labours upon a fellow-worker.
Devonian (divdwnian), a. (sd.) [f. med.L.
Devonia, \atinized form of Devon, OF. Defena-,
Defna-scir Devonshire.]
1. Of or belonging to Devonshire.
1612 Drayton Po/y-old. 1. 284 Easely ambling downe through
the Deuonian dales. 1880 Miss Brappon Fust as / ave ii,
A younger branch of a good old Devonian family tree.
1887 — Like § Unlike xi, The hedgerows were budding in
the soft Devonian air. !
b. as sb. A native or inhabitant of Devonshire.
1882 C. E. Matuews in A thenzum 23 Dec. 848/1 A treasure
not only to Devonians, but to book lovers generally,
DEVOTE,
2. Geol. Name given to a geological formation
or ‘system’ of rocks lying below the Carboniferous
and above the Silurian formations ; hence, of or
pertaining to this formation and the geological
period during which it was deposited.
The name was given in reference to the great development
of these rocks as a marine formation in Devonshire. ‘The
rocks called ‘Old Red Sandstone’ in Scotland, West of
England, and South Wales, are held to be lacustrine de-
posits of contemporary age, and included in the Devonian
System; and the term ts applied all over the world to
a system of rocks having the same stratigraphical position,
and containing organic remains similar to those of the
Devonshire strata.
1837 Sepewick & Murcuison in Trans. Geol. Soc. Ser. 11.
V. 701 We purpose therefore for the future to designate
these groups [the Cornish Av//as and the Devonian slates]
collectively by the name Devonian system, as involving no
hypothesis and being agreeable to analogy. 1846 Z:.x/os.
Outline of Vestiges Nat. Hist. Creation 24 The Old Red
Sandstone or Devonian System comes next. 1871 LyeLi
Stud. Elem. Geol. 421 The name Devonian was given by Sir
R. Murchison and Professor Sedgwick to marine fossiliferous
strata which, in the South of England, occupy a similar
position between the overlying coal and the underlying
Silurian formation, 1873 Dawson Earth & Man v. 84 The
Devonian, or, as it may be better called in America, from the
vast development of its beds on the south side of Lake Erie,
the Erian formation. 1885 Lyedd’s Stud. Elem. Geol. 418
‘The number of American Devonian plants has now been
raised..to 160. did. 419 There were no .. Reptilia during
the Devonian age.
Devonie (divpnik), a. Geol. rare. [f. as DE-
VONIAN +-IC.] = DEVONIAN 2.
1876 Davis Polaris Exp. xv. 339 The slaty overhanging
layers of Devonic limestone.
Devonite (de'vonait). Ain, [f. Devon + -11E.]
A synonym of WAVELLITE, from its having been
first discovered near Barnstaple in Devonshire.
1826 Emmons J/iz. 214.
Devonport: see DavENPORT.
Devonshire, v.: see DENSHIRE.
Devor, obs. form of Drvorr.
+ Devora‘tion. Olds. [a. obs. F. devoracion,
-acton, ad. L. dévoration-em (in Vulgate’, n. of
action from dévorare to DEvour.] The action of
devouring or consuming.
1528 Roy Rede me (Arb.) o4 [Poverty]..is the goulfe of
devoracion And fountayne of desolacion. 1614 ‘Tl. Apams
Devil's Banquet 72 Vhe decoration of the body is the de-
uoration of the Substance.
+ Devoratory, 2. Obs. rare. [ad. L. dévord-
tori-us (Tertull.), f. devordtor DEVOURER: see -onry.]
Of devouring or consuming quality.
1647 Trarp Comm. Jatt. vi. 13 Deliver us from those
devoratory evils. 1650 — Comin. Pentat. 11. 112 ‘These de-
voratory evills, as ‘Tertullian calleth them.
Devorce, -vors(e, obs. ff. Divorce.
Devore, obs. ff. Devorr, Devour.
Devoste, Devot, obs. ff. Devovur.
Devot, obs. var. of Divot, a sod.
|| Dévot, dévote: see DEVoTE sé. B.
|| Devo'ta. Ods. [It. and Sp., fem. of Devoro,
q.v.] A female devotee, a dévote.
1644 Evetyn Jem. (1879) I. 134 The church of St. Pru-
dentia in which is a well..visited by many devotas. 1685,
Evetyn J/rs. Godolphin 63 Vhis Act of those Devotas.
+ Devortary. O’s. [ad. med.L. dévitarius,
-dria Wu Cange), f. dévot- ppl. stem : see DEvorE
v., and cf. Vorary.] A votary; a devotee.
1646 J. Grecory Votes § Obs. (1650) 50 Diana .. to whose
shrine there went up amore famous. .pilgrimage of devo-
taries. @1670 Hacker Cent. Seri. (1675) 149 Religious
honour is done unto them by some superstitious devotaries.
Devote (divowt), a and sb.! arch. [ad. L. d-
vot-us devoted, consecrated or dedicated by vow,
pa. pple. of dévovére to Devote, In Eng. it ap-
pears partly as a continuation of ME. devot, -/e,
variant of Devout, OF. devot, devote. Asa sb. it
was generally superseded 1675-1725 by DEvorrr,
and when retained later is usually identified with
mod.F, dévote fem., and applied only to a female
devotee, the corresponding ¥F. @évot masc., being
occasionally used of the male.]
A. ppl.a. =Dervorep. a. with Zo. 7
1596 SHaks. Tam. Shr. 1. i. 32 So deuote to Aristotle’s
Ethickes [printed checkes]. 1597 Hooker Lcc?. Pod. v.
(1632) 209 ‘The places where Idols have beene worshipped are
. .deuote to vtter destruction. 1613 SHeRLEY 77av. Persia 4
The glory of God, to which his excellent religious mind was
evermore devote, 1667 Mitton /. Z. 11.208 ‘To destruction
sacred and devote. 1747 Cottins Passéons 105 Where is thy
native simple heart Devote to Virtue, Fancy, Art? 1839
Battey Festus (1854) 107, I am devote to study.
b. without fo.
1599 Haxtuyr Voy. I, 148 We .. as your perpetual and
deuote friends. 1599 Warn, Faire Wom. u. 750, I will be
to you a husband so devote. 1621 Burron Anat. Med. m1.
i, 11. i. (1651) 417 He is thy slave, thy vassall, most devote,
affectioned, and bound in all duty.
B. adj. = Devout. ;
(1225-1552: see Devout a.) a 1625 Boys Wks. (1630) 124
By meditation and deuote prayer. 1651 Sern. Coron. Chas.
11, in Phenix 1, 244 Trajan the Emperor was, I. Devote at
home. II. Courageous in war. 1839 Vew Monthly Mag.
LV. 550 The deep drawn sigh—the devote interjection.
DEVOTE.
C. sb. A devotee. +a. in form devote. Obs.
1630 Davenanr.Yust /talian w. Wks. 1872 I. 252 Two
faces more allied In all devotes of view I one not seen,
1660 Biount Boscobel 8 Sectaries, who through a Fanatique
zeal were ¢ Devotes to this great Idol. 1662 J. Bar-
Grave Pope Alex, VII. (1867) 71 He is a devote of the house
of Austria. 1673 Lady's
at voluptuaries have turned devotes. 1717 Lapy M. W.
ontacu Let. to C’tess Mar 18 3 a The difference be-
tween an old devote and a Page uty, 1720 WELTON
Suffer. Son of God 1. x. 255 He who seeks to do his Own
Will. .has no Claim..to the Peace or Merit of a Devote.
B. in mod.F. form dévot, fem. dévote.
1702 W. J. Bruyn's Voy. Levant xi. 156, 1..saw a great
many of those Devots along the Streets. 1746 Lapy M.
w. Monrick Let. to W, Montagu 24 Nov., 1 know not-how
to acknowledge gh my obligations to the 3 and
I reckon it a great one from her who is a dévote, that she
never brought ag priest to me. 179 J. Apams Diary 14
Dec. Wks. 1851 III. 232 Numbers of dévots upon their
knees. 1808 Scorr Left. 22 Jan. (1894) I. 92 In her own
character as a sort of dévote. 1866 Mrs. H. Woop Sv.
Martin's Eve xxxi. (1874) 395 Maria, poor thing, had no
hand in it; she is not a dévote.
+ Devote, 53.2 Obs.
devoting, devotion.
1659 R. Expres Christ's Exalt. Ep. Ded., Some manifesta-
tion of a reciprocation in this devote.
Devote (divau't), v.
dévovére to vow, dedicate by a vow, devote, f. Dr-
I. 2 + vovere to vow, dedicate: cf. also the L.
frequentative dévdtare, in med.L. much used for
dévovire.]
1. ¢rans. To appropriate by, or as if by, a vow;
to set apart or dedicate solemnly or formally; to
consecrate (fo).
1586 A. Day /ug. Secretary 1. (1625) 16 Yours devoted till
death. 1599 H. Burres Dyets drie Dinner A iv, Love
and friendship. .urgeth mee particularly to devote my selfe
unto you. 1611 Biste Lev. xxvii. 28 No deuoted thing
that a man shall deuote vnto the Lord. 1665 Six ‘I.
Hergert 7rav. (1677) 262 A chalice of gold also he de-
voted. 1732 Law Sertous C. iv. (ed. 2) 48 All Christians
are by their Baptism devoted to God. 1802 Lp, Epon
in Vesey's Rep. VIL. 73 The Will. devoting the property to
charity was producible. 1856 Stantey Sinai § Pad. i.\1858)
53 Each of the thirty-six chapels was devoted to the worship
of a separate sect.
2. To give up, addict, apply zealously or exclu-
sively (¢o a pursuit, occupation, ctc., or Zo a parti-
cular purpose) ; es. refl. fo devote oneself.
1604 SHAKs. O¢/. 11. iii. 321 He hath deuoted, and giuen
vp himselfe to the Contemplation. .of her parts and Graces.
1703 Rowe ‘air Penit.1, Devote this day to mirth. 1798
. SKkRinE 770 Tours Wales 72 Having devoted some
days to the objects in the neighbourhood of Swansea, we
left that place. 1868 M. Pattison Academ. Org. 3 Had
these endowments .. been devoted to national education.
[f. Devore zw] Act of
‘all. 1. v. $18 Those who from |
[f. L. dévor-, ppl. stem of |
1875 Jowett /’/ato (ed. 2) 111. 672 [ He] who devotes himself
to some intellectual pursuit. 1894 J. ‘I’. Fowrer Adamuan
Introd. 66 Hill sides now devoted to pasturage.
3. ‘lo give over or consign to the powers of evil
or to destruction; to doom; to invoke or pro-
nounce a curse upon,
1647 Power of Keys vi. 133 The Senate..did devote or
Anathematize even a whole Country or Region at once.
a1718 Rowe (J.), Let her..Devote the hour when such
a wretch was born. 1776 Gippon Decd. & /. 1. 1x. 181 The
hostile army was devoted with dire execrations to the gods
of war and of thunder. 1821 Locknart Valerius II. ix. 267
May Jove devote me, if I had [ete.]. 1b. Tayvor /aust
(1875) I. xxiii. 206 A witches’ guild. They scatter, devote,
and doom !
+b. To invoke or pronounce (a curse). Ods.
1749 FiecpinG Zom Jones xvt.i, A hearty curse hath been
devoted on the head of that author,
Hence Devo'ting vd/. sb.
1640 O. Sevewickr Christ's Counsell 222 What was our
baptisme but a devoting..of our selves to be faithfull to
Christ? 1677 Gitrin Desmonol. (1867) 434 ‘ Sons of Belial’,
a name very significant, shewing. .their devoting of them-
selves to the devil's service.
+ Devoté. Os. [Anerroncous form of DEvorE
sb.|, or of Devotee, with pseudo-French spell-
ing.]
1729 Fietpinc Love Sev. Masques iu. vi, We must all be
proud of so elegant a devoté! 1824 Miss L. M. Hawkins
Mem, 1. 231 My father was a devoté of Titian.
Devoted (divéutéd), ppl. a. [f. Devore v. +
-ED*.
1. Vowed; appropriated or set apart by a vow
or formally; under a vow ; dedicated, consecrated.
1594 Suaxs. Rich. [//, 1. ii. 35 To stop deuoted charitable
deeds, 1611 Heywoon Gold. Age 11. Wks. 1874 III. 27 All
deuoted To abandon men, and chuse virginity. 1623
Cockrram, Denoted, vowed. 1638 Baker tr. Balsac’s Lett,
IL. 113 A Societie of devoted persons, who continued in
meditation so many houres a day. 1663 J. Srencer /’ro-
digies (1665) 381 ‘The Ethnick Temples and devoted places
at Rome, 1 N. Worcester A toning Sacr. iv. (1830) 16
Laying the hands on the head of the devoted sacrifice.
2. Characterized by devotion ; zealously attached
or addicted to a person or cause ; enthusiastically
loyal or faithful. (Of persons, their actions, etc.)
1600 E. Biounr tr. Conestaggio 261 Being a devoted
servant to the Prior. 1606 Marston Parasitaster 11. i,
When you vow a most devoted love to one, you swear not
to tender a most d d love to h 1777S AN
Sch. Scand. 1. i, Sir, your very devoted. 1888 Bryce Amer.
Commw. 111, xcvi. 348 These democratic institutions have
cost the life work of thousands of devoted men.
294.
b. with Zo.
1600 E. Biount tr. Conestaggio Ded. Aij, A Gentleman
most sincerely devoted to your Honor. Peacnam
Gentl. Exerc. 13 A Gentleman of this Land wholly devoted
to Puritanisme. 1791 Mrs. Rapcuirre Kom. Forest i, Her
heart was devoted to La Motte. 1848 Macautay /ist. Eng.
ry had always been
Il. 115 Devoted as Qu b tot
cause of prerogative.
3. Formally or surely consigned to evil or de-
struction ; doomed.
1611 Biste Deut. xiii. 17 There shall cleave nought of the
cursed [zarg. deuoted] thing to thine hand. 1667 Mitton
P.L.v. 890 These wicked Tents devoted. 1 Drypen
Theodore & Hon. 124 He cheered the dogs to follow her who
fled, And vowed revenge on her devoted head. 1718 Prior
Solomon 11. 543 Round our devoted heads the billows beat.
1741 Mipp.eton Cicero II. vi. (ed. 3) 59 He leaves him ..
a devoted victim to Milo. 1777 Priesttey Philos. Necess.183
All your violent declamation falls upon..my devoted head.
a 1862 Buckie Civilis. (1869) ILI. i. 16 Another storm burst
on the devoted land. 1862 ‘T'roLtore Orley /. xiii, Though
the heaven should fall on her devoted head, .
Devortedly, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly2.] Ina de-
voted manner; zealously, pacigeragmanay At
1812 SHetiey in Hogg Life (1858) II. 137 Believe how
devotedly and sincerely I must now remain yours. 1820
Soutney Ode Portrait Bp. Heber 4 For this great end
devotedly he went, Forsaking friends and kin. 1840 Miss
Mitrorp in L'Estrange Life III. vii. 109 Mary Duff, one
of the Maries to whom Lord Byron was so devotedly at-
tached. 1875 Jowrtr Plato (ed. 2) I. 47 He is a lover, and
very devotedly in love.
Devo ess. [f. as prec. + -Ness.] The
quality of being devoted or zealously addicted.
1668 H. More Div, Dial. 1. xii.(1713) 23, | have very much
wondred at the devotedness of some Mens Spirits to the
pretence of pure Mechanism in the solving of the Pha-
nomena of the Universe. a@1714 M. Henry in Spurgeon
Treas. Dav. Ps. xxv. 5 To live a life of devotedness to God.
1827 Hoop Nat. / ales, Fall of Leaf, [She] cherished him
with all a woman's devotedness. 1872 Lipvon £lem.
Relig. i. 19 This idea of religion as personal devotedness to
God.
Devotee (devot?. [An Eng. formation, from
DEVOTE v. or a, + -EE, after words like assignee,
refugee, etc., in which this suffix came historically
from Fr. -¢ of the pa. pple. Devotee may be looked
upon as a re-fashioning of the sb. DEvorE, which
was formerly used in the same sense: devote and
devotee were used indifferently from ¢ 1675 to 1725.
(Cf. assign and assignee.) In early instances,
writers or printers sometimes made devotée, as if
a French feminine: cf. Devor£.]
“> a os
|
1. gen. A person zealously devoted to a particular |
party, cause, pursuit, etc. ; a votary.
1657-83 Evetyn //ist. Xeligion (1850) 1. 22 Our atheistical
devotees to Dame Nature. 1669 Hacker Let. in Willis &
Clark Cambridge (1886) If. 553, 1 was once an vnworthy
member of your Bodie, and will be euer a most affectionat
deuotee vnto it. a 1670 — Abp. Williams 1. § 212 ee
230 A great Devotee to publick and private Prayer.
I)'Urrey Mad. Fickle v. ii, Come, my witty Devottees of |
Venus. 1691 Woop Ath, Oxon. (R.) He [Edward Dyer]
was esteemed by some a Rosie-crucian, and a great devotee
to Dr. Job Dee. 1788 Reip Aristotle's Log. iv. §6.98 A
devotee of Aristotle. 1862 Burton Bk. Hunter (1863) 284
As fanatical a devotee of vegetarianism, 1878 H. M.
Srancey Dark Cont, IL. xiii. 377 He was a devotee to his
duty.
2. sfec. One zealously devoted to religion, or to
some form of worship or religious observance ; one
characterized by religious devotion, esf. of an ex-
treme or superstitious kind.
1645 Evetyn Diary (1879) I. 208 As much trudging up
and downe of devotees. 1 Fryer Ace. £. /ndia & P. 220
‘Those Vessels set out to carry Devotees to Mahomet’s Tomb.
1712 SteeLe Sect. No. 354 ?1 You have described most
sorts of Women..but I think you have never yet said any-
thing of a Devotée. A Devotée is one of those who disparage
Religion by their indiscreet and introduction
of the Mention of Virtue on all Occasions. 1748 SmoLterr
Rod. Rand. xxv. (1812) 1, 171 Asset of devotees in some parts
of the East Indies who never taste flesh. 1780 Hanns
Philol. Eng. Wks. (1841) 503 He pete older, became ..
from a profligate a devotee. 1852 Ronertson Ser. Ser.
ut. xvi, 202 The highest form of religion was considered to
be that exhibited by the devotee who sat in a tree until the
birds had built their nests in his hair.
Hence Devotee'ism, the principles or practice of
a devotee.
1828 J. Hunrer in C. More Life Sir 7. More Pref. 56 The
spirit of religious devoteeism which appears in his work.
1852 Stone A. Ballou's Spirit Manis. vii. 93 Victims of
these popular devotecisms.
+ Devo'teless, a. Ods. [f. Devore v. (? or
sb.) + -LE88.] Without devotion; undevout.
1650 W. Broucu Sacr. Princ. (1659) 169 He shall do God
and thee good service in these devote-lesse times. 1738 G.
Sarra Curious Relat, 11. 216 To. .bend thy knees twice in
thy Prayer, with a hundred devoteless wandring Thoughts.
evotely, obs. form of DevourLy. .
Devotement (divou'tmént). [f. Devorx wv. +
-MENT.] :
1. The action of devoting, or fact of being de-
voted ; devotion, dedication.
[1604 Suaks. Orh. 1. iii, 322 He hath deuoted, and giuen
Perr OR wee lo ot ee
DEVOTION.
no redemption. a@1678 Woopnran Holy Living (1 217
Ad eed in deilicialan 0 taakebeb aera yd
e. 1749 Hurp Notes on Hor. Art. of Poetry(T.),
Her [Iphigenia’s] devotement was the demand of lo.
1809 Soutuey in Q. Rev. 1. 223 The self-denial the
If-di of apostl 1827 Sir W. Hamiron in Life
I. 272 A moderate devotement of time. Wayann
Mem. Fudson (1853) 1. i. 29 His own devotement
to the cause.
+ 2. concr. Something devoted ; a votive offering.
Obs. rare.
1799 E. Kine Munimenta Antig. I. Pref. 19 "Ava@juara,
with Greek Letters.
+ Devo'teness. Ods. [f. Devore a. +-nxss.]
Devoutness, devotedness. j
1606 G. W[oopcockE] tr. Hist. Tostine A 2) a, There are two
things which are desired of rinces, D.
at home, valor in Warre.
(divowtar), [f. Devore v, +-ER],
+1. A votary, a devotee. (Cf. Devorress,) Ods.
rare.
[1599 Sanpys Europe Spec. (1632) 4 Where one doth pro-
Pay bert a Devote or peckiien servant of our Lord;
whole Townes .. are the Devoti of our Ladie] Quoted
2634 by Sir M. Sanvys “ss, 196 Where one doth fesse
himselfe a Devoter, or peculiar Servant of our » whole
‘Towns. .are Devoters of our Lady.
2. One who devotes.
1828 in Wester; and in later Dicts.
Devoterer, corrupted form of advoterer, ADUL-
TERER. (Cf. DevourTour.)
1550 Becon Gov. Virtue Early Wks. (1843) 450 The man
that breaketh wedlock with another man’s wife. .let him be
slain, both the devoterer [ed. 1566 advoterer] and the ad-
vouteress.
+ Devote'sse. Ods. rare. [f. Devore sb.) +
-Ess: cf. Devora, D&vorr.] A female devotee.
1658 Bramnaut Consecr. Bps. viii. 193 Are not Governants,
and Devotesses, besides ordinary maidservants, women ? ..
Jct themselves be Judges whether a Woman a wife, ora
Woman a Governant or a Devotesse, be more properly to be
ranged under the name.
Devotion ((/voufon), sé. Also 3-6 -cion,
-oun, -un, -cyon, etc., 5-6 -tioun(e, 6 -syon.
[a. OF. devocion, -ciun, -tiun (12th c. in Littré),
mod.F. dévotion = Pr. devotio, Cat. devocié, Sp.
devocion, \t. devoztone, all early ad. L. dévotion-em,
n. of action from dévovére to devote. . :
The order of development of the senses in L. was (1) the
action of devoting or consecrating (to good or evil) by vow,
(2) the condition of being devoted (to something good), de-
votedness, loyalty, fealty, allegiance, (3)\in Christian use)
devotion to God and his service, piety, religious zeal. Only
the Christian use passed from ecclesiastical L. into the
Romanic langs. in the Middle Ages, and (with
various extensions) in ME, from OF, After the Renascence,
the etymological sense ‘ action of devoting’ a red in It.,
Fr., and Eng., at first only in reference to religious matters ;
in the 16th c. the word was extended to secular persons and
things ; this is specially noticed as a novelty in French in
1578 by H. Estienne (see Hatz.-Darm.). As all the senses
are now in Eng., a logical arrang: without regard to
history would follow the order, 8 (including 4); 5 (with 6);
1 (with 2, 3); 7.)
I. In religious use: appearing in ME. from
ecclesiastical L., through OF,
1. The fact or quality of being devoted to religious
observances and duties ; religious devotedness or
earnestness ; reverence, devoutness.
a 1225 Ancr. R. 368 pet oder ping is heorte peauwes, de-
uociun, reoufulnesse, merci .. and swuche uertuz.
ar Cursor M. 10123 heading (Gott.) Listens now wid
gode deuocion. 1 Ramrous Pr. Conse. 3459 When pou
says praier or orison With over litel devocion. a 1400
Maunpev. (Roxb.) x. 40 Pai syng paire messez with grete
deuocioun. ¢1400 Kom. Rose 5147 But unto Love I was so
thralle..So that no devocioun Ne in the sermoun
Of dame Resoun. 3589 Cunnincuam Cos: . Glasse
195 The Sepulcher ahomet, which the T go to
visite wyth great devotion, x60a Snaks. Ham. mt. 1. 47
With Deuotions visage, And pious Action, we do sugar o're
‘The diuell himselfe. 1710 Pripeaux Orig. 7ithes iv. 171
Ethelwulf took a_ journey of Devotion to Rome. 1848
Macautay “ist, Eng. 1. 199 The austere devotion which . .
gave to his court aspect of a monastery. Faver
Growth in Hoiliness xxii. (1872) 421 In theology,
means a particular nsion of the soul to |, whereby
* it devotes itself to the worship and service of
b. Constr. 40, soward a deity, etc.
1384 Cuaucer 1. Fame u. 158 In somme recompensacion
Of labour and_devocion That thou hast had .. ‘To Cupido,
1483 Caxton G. de la Tour H vj, This good lady had grete
deuocion toward this ly man and te, 1685 H.
More Paradlip. Prophet. 244 Extravagant ‘ion towards
the Martyrs and their Reliques. 1852 Rock Ch. of Fathers
ILI. 1, 241 Not hag ea be oor SSR Cee land's
devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary. .
te. A feeling of devout reverence or awe. Obs.
a1aag Ancr. R. 286 Amidde pe redunge .. P
up a devociun & tet is wurd monie bonen. 1601 HoLtanp
Pliny I. or All is still and silent, like the fearfull horror in
desert wildernesse : and as men come neerer and neerer vnto
it, a secret deuotion ariseth in their hearts.
+d. A devout impulse or desire. Obs.
¢ 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon vii. 156 Charlemagne was
at Pasys; nud com $0 hye & Govocgamie 80 aus B28
age to saynt James in Gales. @1533 Lo. ies
cxvl: a0) 5 Eamaen eb ara Ce eee
} himselfe to the Contemplation, marke, and d
of her parts and Graces. (So Fol. 1; Qq. and Fol, 2
denotement.)] x62x ArnswortH Arnot. Pentat, Lev. xxvii.
* A devotement was more a simple vow, where-
of there might’ be redemption, but things devoted had
2 Keligions worship or observance ; ee and
raise; divine ip. b. spec. (RK. C. Ch.)
Yorship directed to a special object, e.g. the
a
DEVOTION.
Sacred Heart, Precious Blood, etc. ¢@. An act of
worship ; now only in #/., worship, ‘prayers’. d.
A form of prayer or worship, intended for private
or family use.
1340 Hamrotr Pr. Consc. 7252 For na devocyone Of
prayer, ne almusdede, ne messe, May pam help. ¢ 1385
Cuaucer L. G. W. 1017 Dido, Ther Dido was in hire de-
vocyoun. a1450 Ant. de ta Tour (1868) 137 Her saulter or
other bokes of deuocion. c1470 Henry Wallace v1. 127
Guhes sadly thai had said thar deuotioune. 1493 [See
EVOTIONER]. 1548 Hatt Chron. 126 ‘The churches were
seldome used for devocion. 1592 SHaks. Rom. §& Fud. ww. i.
41 God sheild: I should disturbe Deuotion. 1624 Donne
(titZe’ Devotions upon Evangelical Occasions, 1632 Lirn-
Gow 77av. 1v. 143 At their devotion, they will not tollerate
any women. 1678 Lapy Cuawortn in 12th Ref. /1ist.
MSS. Comm. App. v. 52 The Queen .. goeing to Somersett
House to her devotions. 1710 Loud. Gaz. No. 4671/1'To
assist at an established Devotion, rgrx Strecr Sfect. No.
9 ? 8 If they..read over so many Prayers in six or seven
Books of Devotion. 1763 J. Brown Poetry § A/us. xii.
211 Church Music in Italy. .is considered more as a Matter
of Amusement than Devotion. 1858 HawtHorne /7. & /t.
Frnls, (1872) 1. 8 We saw several persons kneeling at their
devotions. 1867 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) I. vi. 456
He sent hima splendid book of devotions. 1876 J. P. Norgis
Rudim. Theol. 1. iv. 70 Devotion, by which we mean the
soul’s communion with. God. 1879 E. Waterton /ictas
Mariana Brit. u. 156 The Bead-Psalter..was the popular
devotion to our Ladye. 1885 Cath. Dict. 393/1 The special
and formal devotion to the Heart of Jesus..owes its origin
to a French Visitation nun.
+d. An object of religious worship. Ods.
(But this sense is not very certain, the meaning of the
quots. being in every case doubtful.)
1580 SipNey Arcadia (1622) 277 Dametas began to speake
his loud voice, to looke big, to march vp and downe. .swear-
ing by no meane deuotions, that the walles should not keepe
the coward from him. 1611 Biste Acts xvii. 21 As I passed
by and beheld your deuotions [vza7gin Or, gods that you
worship; Gr. veBdohara, lg. simulachra, Wyciir symu-
lacris, maumetis, Ahem. Idols]. a 1625 FLetcuer Double
Marriage w. iv, Churches and altars, priests, and all de-
votions, Tumbled together into one rude chaos.
+3. An offering made as an act of worship, an
oblation ; a gift given in charity, alms. Ods.
[cx400 Beryn 134 To make hir offringis Ri3te as hir devo-
cioune was of sylvir broch and ryngis.] 1542 Upatt Lrasiz.
— 11. (1877) 325 To contribute. .towardes a sacrifice...
other folkes geuing their deuocion towardes it. 1552 BA. Com.
Prayer Communion, Then shal the Churche wardens ..
gather the deuocion of the people, 1581 Pertir Guazzo's
Civ. Conv. 1. (1586) 43 There commeth on a time ., to crave
his devotion, a poore old man. 1626 L. Owen Running
Reg. 68 In the lid there is a hole, for people to put their
Deuotion in. 1662 Bk. Com. Prayer Communion, The alms
for the poor, and other devotions of the people.
4. The action of devoting or setting apart to
a sacred use or purpose; solemn dedication, con-
secration.
i Renascence sense, but connecting itself with the earlier
religious uses.]
1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) v. vi. 408 Deuocyon
is as moche to say as dedycacyon, or to be ordeyned to serue
god and hym prayse. 1657-61 Heyin //ist. Ref. 55 He
built two Altars, the one .. by the Lord’s appointment, the
other .. of his own devotion. 1879 Lorrizr Ride in Heyl
145 Sometimes the inscription records the devotion of some
town or place to a divinity.
TI. In non-religious use; introduced in 16th c.
from ancient L. through It. and Fr.
5: The quality of being devoted toa person, cause,
pursuit, etc., with an attachment akin to religious
devotion ; earnest addiction or application; cn-
thusiastic attachment or loyalty.
@1530 Wotsey in Foxe A. & MV. (1583) 990/2 For the sin-
gular deuotion, whych you beare Siuariiee the kynge and hys
affaires. 1577 Harrison England i. v. (1877) 1.117 But vnto
this also I haue no great deuotion. 1593 Suaxs. Rich. //, 1. i.
t In the deuotion of a subiects loue. 1604 — O¢A. v. i. 8,
haue no great deuotion to the deed.. 1607 — Cor. 11. ii.
21 Hee seekes their hate with greater deuotion, then they
can render it him. 1726 Leoni tr. Alberti’s Archit., Life 5
Lewis .. had a very great devotion for the Annuntiata of
Florence [a church]. 1830 D'Israrti Chas. /, III. vi. 100
This fervid devotion to art in Charles. 1865 Miss Brappon
Only a Clod 1, 9 To attach themselves with slavish devotion
to some brutal master.
+6. Devoted or attached service ; command, dis-
posal. Zo be at the devotion of, at a person’s
devotion, etc. [F. ttre a la dévotion de quelgw un,
16th c, in Littré], to be entirely devoted to him
or her. Ods.
1558 in Sti Ann. Ref. 1. 1. App. iv. 5 Men known
to be sure at the queen’s devotion. 1568 Grarron Chron.
II. 1300 Considering the multitude of them which is
come to his majesties devotion. 1581 Mutcaster Po-
sitions xix. (1887) 80 When they had their whirling
gigges under the devotion of their scourges. 1600 E.
Biount tr. Conestaggio 92 He drew all he coulde to the
Catholique Kings devotion. 1623 Bincuam Xenophon
Shipping is readie now, and at your deuotion. 1635 Rr
Botton Com/. Aff. Conse. i. 139 He stood now before them
in bonds, at stheir mercy and Sevotind as they say. 1709
Steece & Swirr Tatler No. 68 ® 5 A little of which [wax]
he puts upon his Fore-finger, and holds the Die in
the Box at his Devotion. 1759 Ropertson His¢. Scot?. 1.1.
64 The eight ecclesiastics .. were entirely at the king’s de-
votion. 1794 Burke Pref. to Brissot’s Address Wks. VII. 315
The sans culottes, or rabble..were wholly at the devotion
of those incendiaries, and received their daily pay. 1
Times 13 May in Spirit Metrop. Conserv. Press C9
the
I. 337 Such channels as were at the devotion of
minister.
295
+b. quasi-concr. Obs.
1570-6 LamBarve Peramb Kent, (1826) 215 Such as were
of the devotion of the Earle.
+ 7. That.to which a person’s action, or a thing,
is devoted ; object, purpose, intent. Ods.
1594 Suaks. Nich, ///, 1v. i. 9 Whither away? Anne. No
farther then the Tower, and as I guesse, Vpon the like de-
uotion as your selues. 1646 J. Grecory Notes § Obs. (1650)
27 The devotion of the Reverse [of the Coyne] is to celebrate
the..victory of Augustus over all A°gypt.
8. ‘The action of devoting or applying to a parti-
cular use or purpose.
1861 M. Pattison Zss. (1889) I, 31 The devotion of a few
a OF to it, 1885 Pall Mall G. 19 Mar. 5/1 ‘The devotion of
alfa million to the carrying out of railway construction.
+ Devotionair. Ods. rave. A variant of Dr-
VOTIONARY with Fr. ending -azre.
1734 Nort Lives Il. 195 Chief Justice Hales, a profound
common lawyer, and both devotionair and moralist.
[f. De-
Devotional (d/vo-fonal), @. (and sd.)
VOTION sb, + -AL.]
1. Of, pertaining to, of the nature of, or charac-
terized by, religious devotion, or the exercise of
worship (see DEVOTION 1, 2).
1648 ‘ikon Bas. 117 Apt for that Devotional compliance
and juncture of hearts, which I desire to bear in those holy
Offices. 1664 H. More A/yst. Jig. 257 ‘That high act of
Religion and devotional Love which is due to him. 1678
Cupwortu /ntell. Syst. 364 There is another Devotional
Passage, cited out of Euripides, which conteins a clear ac-
knowledgment of One Self-existent Being. 1769 J. GILLIES
(¢7¢/e) Devotional Exercises on the New Testament. 1841
W. Spacpine /taly & Jt. Jsl. 11. 247 The devotional spirit
of the older masters. 18g (¢/t/e) Devotional Helps for the
Seasons of the Christian Year, 1860 Froupr ///st. Lug.
VI. 244 Contrasting the vexations of the world with the
charms of devotional retirement. :
2. Belonging to, or arising from, devotion or
enthusiastic attachment to a person, etc. rare.
1677 GiLPIn Demonol, (1867) 168 Men are apt to subscribe
to anything he shall say, froma blind devotional admiration
of the parts wherewith he is endowed.
+B. sd. A devotional composition; a form of
prayer or worship, Ods. rare.
1659 Gauven Tears of Church 87 In their disputings
against the Devotionals of the Church of England.
Hence Devo'tionalism, devotional character ;
Devo'tionalist, one given to (religious) devotion,
a devotee; Devotiona lity, Devo‘tionalness, the
quality of being devotional.
1673 H. Morr APA. Antid. 25 This Image was the Object
of the kissing, with all the exteriour devotionalness used
therein. 1736 H. Coventry Phil, to Hyd, Conv. 1. (‘V.)' The
complete image of a French devotionalist. 1829 Alackw.
Mag. XXV. 600 Lord Pitsligo was of the first class of de-
votionalists. c1849 CLoucu Poems & Prose Rent. (1869) I.
299 To believe that religion is, or in any way requires, de-
votionality, is, if not the most noxious, at least the most
obstinate form of irreligion. 1850 Rosertson Life & Left.
I. 327, I should not say that devotionality was the character-
istic of Channing’s mind. 1859 Sat. Kev. VII. 31/2 Mr.
Gladstone’s particular variety of sentimental devotionalism.
1883 J. Hatton in //arfer's Mag. Nov. 833/1 To take in the
eclecticism of Greek art, the devotionalism of the Mediaeval.
Devotionally (divorfanali), adv. [f. Devo-
TIONAL@, +-LY 2.] In adevotional manner; in the
way of (religious) devotion.
1668 H. More Div. Dial. u. xiv. (1713) 131 By studiously
and devotionally quitting..his own animal desire thro’ an
intire purification of his Spirit. 1694 KerrteweLt Comp.
Persecuted 135 Read, not only for Instruction, but Devo-
tionally, as Hymns to God, 1891 ‘I’. Moztey 7'he Son xxxii.
206 If people would..read portions of Scripture carefully,
thoughtfully, and devotionally, every day of the year.
+ Devo'tionary, @. and s/. Obs. [f. Devotion
sb. +-ARY |.]
A. adj. Pertaining to (religious) devotion ; de-
votional.
1631 J. Burces Axsw. Rejoined App. 108 Such priuate
deuotionary prayers. 1715 M. Davies Athen. Brit. 1, 219
The first Popish..Confessor. .that liv’d in Private Families,
and regulated their Devotionary Conduct. 1808 SoutHey
Lett. fr. Spain 1. 264 This was a fashionable devotionary
receipt.
B. sé. A person characterized by religious de-
votion ; = DEVOTEE 2.
1660 WaTERHOUSE Avms §& Arm. 116 [They] haue rifled
Academies, and disbanded Convents of Devotionaries. 21670
Hacker Adp, Williams u. (1692) 51 A crew of bawds and
gamesters might have set up a standing with less prejudice
than these devotionaries: _
b. gen. One devoted or addicted to something ;
= DEVOTEE I.
1671 True Nonconf. 26 The great Devotionaries of ease.
Devo'tionate, «. rare. [f. Devorion, after
affectionate, compassionate, etc. : see -ATE*,] Full
of devotion, devout.
se Sir J. K. James J asso (1865) II. xut. lxx, To God
raised up devotionate appeal.
Devortioner. rare. [f. Devoron + -ER?: ef.
missioner.| A member of a guild of devotion ;
a devotionary.
1883 Ch. Times 21 Sept. 655/4 The wives of the devotioners
{Brethren of‘ the devocyon of the Masse of Ihu.’, at Reading,
1493] were honoured with the highest seats or pews next to
the mayor’s wife’s seat,
Devo‘tionist. [f. Dvorton + -1sr.] One
who formally professes or practises devotion.
a 1656 Br. Hatt Solilog. 73 (T.) There are certain zealous
DEVOUR.
devotionists, which abhor all set forms and fixed hours of
invocation. 1676 R. Dixon wo Yest. To Rdr. 12 Whining
Devotionists, floating in their blind and zealous Formalities.
1755 1’. AMory Jez, (1769) II. 193 Those doating devotion-
ists of Christendom.
Devortionize, v. nonce-wd. [See -12F.] trans.
‘lo convert to devotional use.
1894 Scott. Leader 1 Mar. 3 Another great fault is the
author's tendency to devotionize everything.
+ Devo'tious, @. Obs. rare. [a. F. dévotienx,
in 15th c. devocieus, -eux, f. dévotion: see -ous.]
Full of devotion, devoted. Hence + Devo'tiously
adv., + Devo tiousness.
1583 in Sir J. Melvil J/es. (1735) 303 By secret and mutual
Conference of devotious and discreet Instruments. 1621
Lavy M. Wrotn Urania 124 Our affectionate seruices .,
shall euer .. bee most deuotiouslie obseruing to your com-
mands. a 1660 Hammonp H’ks. I. 234 (R.) By which ’tis
clear what notion they had of e@eAo@pyaxeca, to wit, that of
devotiousness, piety.
+ Devortist. 00s.
devotee.| A devotee.
1641 J. Jonnson Acad, Love 85 All such Devotists we en-
list in the Hall of Musicke. 1675 Ocitsy B7/t. 52 Shafts-
bury.. here King Edward ed .. was Interr’d.. his Shrine
afterwards was so visited by Devotists that the Town for a
time bore his Name. A .
+ Devo'tive, @.and sé. Obs. rare. [f. L.. wevot-
ppl. stem: see Devore v. and -IvE.]
A. adj. Characterized by devotion; ready to
devote (himself).
1608 W. Witkes and Memento Mag. 9 A King. .so respec-
tiue of publike good, and deuotiue to the seruice of God.
B. sé. A person who devotes himself, a Dr-
VOTER.
1608 W. Witkes 2d Memento Mag. 11 ‘Vhe holy consort
of Gods deuotiues.
+ Devoto (dzvouto), sb. Obs. PI. -oe8, -o’s,
-os; also (as in It.) -i. [a. It. or Sp. devolo, de-
voted, devout :—L. dévotus ; cogn. with OF. devot,
I. dvot, and thus with Devout and Devote a, and
sb, The corresp. feminine is Drvora.]
A person zealously devoted to religion or re-
ligious observances, or to the service of a cause,
person, etc. ; 2 devotee.
1599 SANDYS /urope Spec. (1605) A iv, Where one pro-
fesseth himself a devofo or peculiar servant to [ed, 1632, of]
our Lord, whole towns sometimes .. are the Devof? of our
Ladie. 1655 GURNALL Chr, tn Arm, xv. (1669) 163/1 As
doubtfully..as the Devil did [speak] in his Oracles to his
Devoto'’s. 1678 Cupwortu /uted?. Syst, 1. iii. 138 Such De-
votoes to the heavenly bodies as look upon all other stars
as petty deities, but the Sun as the supreme Deity, @ 1694 J.
Scorr Wks. (1718) IL. 375 The Devotos of all religions. 1712
Arputunot Zohn Bull u. ii, Which gave rise to two great
parties among the wives—the Devotoes. .and the Hitts.
+ Devortor. [Cf Devorer.] = prec. (for which
it may be a misprint’.
1648 Jos. Beaumont /syche 1x. 123 This done: His sacred
Hand He lifted up, And round about on his Devotor's dealt
His bounteous blessing. [Quoted by R, as devoso's.]
+ Devo'tory, @. Ols. rave. [ad. 1.. type
votori-us, f. dévolor he who devotes : see DEVOTE z
and -ory.] Having the function of devoting : see
Devore v. 3. :
1652 GAuLE A/agastrom. 279 Vhereupon the Chaldwans
set up an imprecatory and devotory libell.
Devotour, corrupt f. ADULTER; see Deyourour.
+ Devo'tress. Ods. [f. Devorer: see -Ess.]
A female devotee ; a votaress.
1624 Gag for Pope 68 Nuns‘and other deuotresses. 1662
Evetyn Chalcogr. 20 Aristotle mentions Daphne a certain
Devotresse of Apollo. 1689 J. Cartiste Fortune Hunters
35 Cruel Devotress, will you rob the World Of the but one
sweet Angel they have left ‘To add to those vast Millions
are above? 7
+ Devouation. 04s. In 5 -acioun. [app. f.
F. dévouer to devote by a vow: see -ATION,]
The act of vowing, a vow.
1428 E. E. Wills (1882) 81 Y woll thet myne Executours. .
parfourme forth my deuouaciouns forth as I was wonte.
+Devouement. Ods. [a F. dévouement
(15-16th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), f. dévouer: see
Devow.] The act of devoting ; devotion.
16rr Spee /7ist. Gt. Brit. ix. xii, 108 The worthy deyoue-
ment of some Calisian Townesmen to that certaine perill.
Devour (d/vaue's), v. Also 4-6 devoure, 5
-vowre, -vowryn, -vouir, -wore, 6 devore,
-vower, -voir(e. [a. OF. devorer (stressed stem
devur-, devour-) =Pr. and Sp. devorar, It. devorare,
ad. L. dévorare to swallow down, f. Dg-1.1 + vorare
to swallow, gulp.] (Formerly often with #.)
I. properly. ;
1. To swallow or eat up voraciously, as a beast
of prey ; to make a prey of, to prey upon.
¢ 1315 SHorEHAM 29 He soffreth no3t to be to-trede, And
of bestes devoured. ¢1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xiii. 55
Babiloyne sall_a nedder comme, pat sall deuoure all be
werld, ¢ 1430 Lype. Chichev. § Byc. in Dodsley O. PZ. XII.
334 Wherfor Bycorn this cruel beste will us devouren at the
lest. 1494 FaByaNn Chron. vii. 12 He. .was of wylde bestes
or Woluys slayne or deuouryd. 1559 Mirr. Mag., F. Cade
xxi, Set aloft for vermine to deuower. 1588 A. Kine tr.
{f. Devore a. + -1sT: cf.
- Canisius’ Catech. Prayers 36 The dragon with his mouthe
oppin reddy to deuoire ws. 1650 ‘T'rape Comm. Pentat. I.
7o Like enough to devour up both men and beasts. od
Sewer Hist, Quakers (1795) 1. u. 120 Turned as a wolf to
DEVODR.
devour the lambs. 1869 Tennyson C of Arthur 27
And ever and anon the wolf would steal children and
devour.
absol. 1610 Suaks. Tem. m. iii. 84 Brauely the figure of
this Harpie hast thou Perform'd (my Ariell) ; a grace it had,
deuouring.
2. Of human beings: a, To eat greedily, eat up,
consume or make away with, as food. b. sfec. To
eat like a beast, to eat ravenously or barbarously.
a. 1382 Wycur Rev. x. 9 He seide to me, Take the book,
and deuoure it. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxxix. 265
‘Than they wente vnto the dukes place of lancastre..that
was callyd the sauoy, and ther they deuoured and destroyed
al the goodex. 1586 B. Youne tr. Guaszo's Civ. Conv. tv.
187 On Shroftuesdaie night I d d so much, that y*
next daie I had no stomacke to eate anie thing at all. 18:
Hr. Martineau Manch. Strike x. 110 To devour their meals
hastily, as if their time were not their own. 1842 A. Compe
Physiol. Digestion (ed. 4) 240 We never eat more than
enough. Je never devour lobsters, or oysters, or salmon.
b. 1603 Knotes //ist. Turks (1621) 442 A great feeder,
so that he seemed rather to devour his meat than to eat
it. 1611 Biste Ecclus. xxxi. 16 Eate as it becommeth a
man..and deuoure not, lest thou be hated. 1719 De For
Crusoe II. ii, 28 The poor creatures rather devoured than
ate it.
II. ¢ransf. With consume as the main notion.
- 3. Of a person or personal agent: To consume
destructively, recklessly, or wantonly; to make
away with, waste, destroy (substance, property, or
Jig. its owners). Ods. exc. in bibl. language.
a13¥40 Hampoie Psalter Cant. 511 Him pat deuours be
pore in hidil. 1382 Wycuir Ps. xxxiv. 25 Ne sei thei, wee
shal devouren hym. 1382 — Luke xv. 30 This thi sone,
which deuouride his substaunce with hooris, ¢ 1386 Cuaucer
Reeve's T. 66 He wolde his joly blood honoure, ‘Though
that he schulde holy chirche deuoure. 1393 Lanai. P. Pd. C.
xvi. 280 Lightliche pat pei leue loseles hit deuouren. ¢ 1460
Fortescur Ads. & Lim, Mon. iii. (1885) 115 The reaume of
Englonde..wolde be than a pray to all ober nacions bat
wolde conqwer, robbe, and deuouir it. 1655 STANLEY ///s/.
Philos. 1. (1701) 23/1 If any one maintain not his Parents,
let him be infamous, as likewise he that devours his patri-
mony. 1657 J. Smitu Myst. Rhet. 19 So we say of some
Guardians, They have devoured the Orphans, intimating
the Orphans’ patrimony.
b. with the sense swa//ow up more or less pre-
ments) ef. :5:
1382 Wyciir Mark xii. 40 Scribis .. whiche deuouren the
housis of widewis. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 140
Ye..rape and deuour the almes and sustenaunce of the poore
seruauntes of god. 1602 Marston Ant. & Alel.1. Wks. 1856
I. 11 She. . Inticeth princes to devour heaven, Swallow omni-
potence, out-stare dread fate. 1697 DrypEn Virg. Past.
111.6 Thou, Varlet, dost thy Master’s gains devour. 1836
Hor. Smitn Tin Trump, (1876) 144 Wherever Religion has
been the mother of wealth the daughter has invariably de-
voured the parent.
te. To make a prey of, treat with rapine. Ods.
1530 Patscr. 515/1 He hath devoured twenty maydens
and wyves agaynst their wylles in his dayes. c 1540 in
Knox //ist. Ref. Wks. 1846 1. 73 Seikand Christes peple to
devoir. 1547 Sacessury Welsh Dict., Teisio morwyn,
devoure a mayden.
+d. To despoil (a person) of (substance) by con-
suming it. Ods. rare’.
1545 Brinktow Compl. iv. (1874) 17 Let them make good
defence, that their poore neyhbors..be not deuouryd of their
corne and grasse.
4. Of inanimate agencies: To consume, destroy.
Said esp. of fire, sword, pestilence, or other agencies
which claim numerous victims.
¢ 1374 Cuaucer Anel. & Arc. 14 This old story. .That eild
.. hath nigh devoured oute of my memory. 1382 WyciiF
Joel ii. 3 Before the face of hym fijr deuourynge, and after
hym brenyng flawme. _ 1393 Gower Con/. I. 339 So that no
life shall be socoured, But with the dedely swerd devoured.
1538 Starkey England 1. ii. 46 Etyn away, dayly de- |
uouryd and consumyd by commyn syknes and dysease.
1579 Gosson Sch. Aduse (Arb.) 39 Stir Iupiter to anger to
send vs a Stroke that shal deuoure vs. 1652 NEEDHAM
tr. Sedden's Mare Cl, 266 The Earth did not bring forth its
Fruits..but devoured very many people by famine. 1665
Str T. Hersert 7rav. (1677) 210 But the Monument..is
not now to be seen, for Time has devoured it. MiLron
P.L, xu. 183 Haile mixt with fire must rend th’ Egyptian
Skie And wheel on th’ Earth, devouring where it rouls.
a17it Ken Hymnotheo Poet.
Beings no ption can devour, Annihilable by sole
boundless Power. Fr. A. Kemate Resid. in Georgia
a The flames devouring the light growth. 1874 Stusss
onst. Hist. 1. iv. 61 Whom the sword spared famine and
pestilence devoured,
III. With sallow as the main notion.
5. al water, the earth, etc.: To swallow up,
engulf,
1555 Even Decades 92 He had seene many Culchas de-
uoured of whirlepoles. 1590 Suaxs. A/ids. N. 1. i, 148
‘The iawes of nesse do deuoure it vp. _1602 Marston
Antonio's Rev. w. iv. Wks. 1856 I, 128 The very ouze,
The quicksand that devours all miserie. 1614 Ratricn
Hist. World 1, 1. i. -§ 4. 135 Those that tooke the Sea,
were therein deuoured ere they recouered them. 1783
Craspe Village 1. Wks. 1834 IL. 79 The ocean roar Whose
greedy waves devour the lessening shore.
6. Of persons: a. To take in greedily and with
eagerness the sense of(a book, discourse, or the like).
1581 Perrie tr. Guaszo's Civ. Conv. 11, (1586) 63 They have
devoured all sortes of bookes. 1604 SHaks. Oth, 1. iii. 150
She'l'd come againe, and with a greedie eare Deuoure vp
my discourse, 1647 Trare Comm, Epistles 530 Ministers
must so devour and digest the holy iptures, that [etc].
1753 A. Murrny Gray’s-/un Yourn. No. 40 ® 2 Miss Vain-
love devoured up these Expressions of Admiration with
1721 III. 300 Their
296
agreedy Ear, 1823 Scott tin D. Introd., He devoured
the story of the work with which was engaged. 1831
Brewster New/on (1855) 1. i. 15 Devouring some favourite
author. 1850 Kincstey A/t. Locke i. (76 11 Missionary
tracts..how I devoured them. 1878 RK. H. Hutton Scott
ii. 19 He learned Spanish and d d Cer
b. To take in eagerly with the eyes; to look
upon with avidity.
1621 Burton Anat, Mel. ui. ii. ut. (1676) 312/1 Drink to
him with her eyes, nay drink him up, devour him, swallow
him as Martial’s Mammurra is remembered to have done.
1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 11. 645 Early Visitants, With
eager Eyes devouring. . The breathing Figures of Corinthian
Brass. 1718 Prior So/omon 11. 381 With an unguarded look
she now devour’'d My nearer 1870 Morris Larthd;
Par. II. 111. 57 His eyes devoured her loveliness. 1 G
Zancwitt Bachelors Club 186 The Doctor dev
with his eyes.
ce. To absorb greedily or selfishly.
1647-8 CorrereL. Davila's Hist. Fr. (1678) 11 The House
of Guise in a manner devoured all the Chief Employments
of the State.
d. To swallow or suppress within one’s own
breast (chagrin, grief, etc.).
1650 Trapp Comm. Pentat. 1. 262 To persevere in prayer,
and to devour all discouragements. 1820 Scott Adbot
xxxviii, Catherine Seyton devoured in secret her own grief.
1850 Prescott ern II. 182 Devouring his chagrin as he
best could.
7. Of things: a. To occupy (a person) so as to
engross the attention ; to absorb.
(Sometimes including the notion of consuming (4) or of
swallowing up (5).)
1500-20 Dunsar Poems xiv. 81 Devorit with dreme, devys-
ing in my slummer. 1608 SHaks. Per. 1v, iv. 25 Pericles, in
sorrow all devour'd, With sighs shot through, and biggest
tears o’ershower'd, Leaves Tarsus and again embarks. 171§-
20 Pore Ef. Addison 41 Poor Vadius, long with learned
spleen devour'd, Can taste no pleasure since his Shield was
scour'd, 1863 Mrs, Ouirnant Sad. CA, xxi. 25 She walked
home with Beecher, devoured by feverish hopes and fears.
I M. Arnotp Ess, Crit. ii. (1875) 79 Not to hold ideas
of this kind a little more easily, to be so devoured by them,
to suffer them to become crotchets.
b. To absorb so as to do away with.
1625 E. Titman in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. IIT. 244 The
joy of the people devoured their mourning. 1875 HeEtrs
Ess., Pract. Wisd. 5 The large hands and feet of a dwarf
seem to have devoured his stature,
8. Phrases. + a. 70 devour difficulties [F. dévorer
les difficultés|: to tackle and overcome difficulties
with spirit. Obs. b. Zo devour the way, course,
etc. [F. dévorer l’espace|; to get over the ground
with great rapidity.
1597 Suaks. 2 //en, /V,1.i. 47 He seem’d in running, to
deuoure the way, Staying no longer question.
Naaman 128 She will hold close to her own tacklings and
her |
DEVOUT.
+ Devou'ress. Oés. [short for devoureress, a.
OF. devoureresse, -voreresse, fem. of devorere, de-
voreor DEVOURER.] A female devourer. ‘
1382 Wycir Ezek, xxxvi. 13 Thou art a deuouresse of
men. 1598 Yonc Diana ‘The fierce of my
life approoued ..As fell in as she is faire in face. 1611
Foro, Dinoratrice, a
, vol. sb. [f. DEvouRn v.+-1NG 1,]
The action of the verb DEvour.
1382 Wyciir 7odit xii. 3 Me myself fro the deuouring of
the fish he delyuerede. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xu.
xxvi. (1495) 457 They byte other wyth
a ”
vnresonable swalow-
1577 B. Gooce Hereshach's Husb.
ynge leuourynge.
Iv. (1586) _ b, Many times, they [bees] die of a disease
that they call the great devouring. Gentl. Calling
(1696) 70 The more ravenous devourings of the Vulture.
ing, /f/. a. [f. Devour v. + -1NG2.]
That devours, in various senses of the word.
1382 Wycuir /sa. xxix. 6 Gret vois of whirlewind, and of
pest, and of fl of fijr d de (1388 fier deuowr-
yaec. 1590 Spenser /. Q. 1. vii. 48 His biting Sword, and
is devouring Speare. Sm T. Hersert 7rav. 140
Where the two famous Rivers Tygris..and Euphrates..
become one with the same devouring Gulph. 1724 R. Fat-
coner Voy. (1769) 63 For fear some devouring Creature
should come and seize me. 1751 Jortin Serm. (1771) VIL. i.
21 Avoid the devouring deep. 1810 SouTHEY Woheoms 1.
xiv, Devouring flames have swallow’d all. 1818 SHELLEY
Rev. Islam vii. xix, Ye are the spoil Which Time thus
marks for the devouring tomb.
Hence Devou'ringly adv.; Devou-ringness.
1552 Hutoet, Deuourynglye, voraciter. 1600 F, WALKER
Sp. Mandeville 23a, It was a thing of admiration, to see
how deuouringly he eat and dran 1611 Frorio, Di-
uoracita, deuouringnesse, greedinesse. 1837 CAMPBELL in
Atheneum 11 Mar. 173/3. My Mauritanian beauties are
ites fond of puppies. They gobble them up by
litters in their couscousou. 1887 Mrs. C. Praep Bond of
Wedlock 1. vii. 184 His eyes fixed devouringly upon her.
ourment (d/vaueumént}. [f. DEvour z.
+-MENT.] The action of devouring or consum-
i
ng.
1828 Blackw. Mag. XXIII. 601 His faculties of devour-
ment were next to boundless. 1841 J. T. Hewrett Parish
Clerk 1. 77 Supper announced to ready for their ‘de-
vourment .
| 1891 Fun 3 June 233/2 hall > specu car
devourment of this book ahs the aan relis
1642 Rocers |
devour a great deale of difficulty. 1648Sanperson Serm.Ad |
Auda xvi. § 25 (1674) 230 He that setteth forth for the goal
if he will obtain, must resolve to devour all difficulties, an
torunit out. a@ 1661 Futter Worthies (1840) 111. 190 Wat
Tyler was woundly angry with Sir John Newton, Knight..
for devouring his distance, and not making his approaches
mannerly enough unto him. 1725 Pore Odyss. vill. 102
None. .swifter in the race devour the way. 1772 Proce tr.
Fitzstephen's Descr, London 38 The signal once given, they
[the horses] strike, devour the course [cursum rapinunt),
hurrying along with unremitting velocity. 1883 Hotme
Lee Loving & Serving II. xiii. 271 The strong black horse
was very fresh, and devoured the road before him.
Devou'rable, ¢z. [f. Devour v. + -aBLE: cf.
16th c. F. devor-, devourable, L. dévorabilis.]
Capable of being devoured ; consumable.
1603 Hot.ann Plutarch's Mor. u. 116 (L.) A clear and
undebauch'd appetite renders every thing sweet and delight-
ful to a sound body, and devourable. 16rg Hieron Wes,
I. 602 Fier burnes vp..such as is deuoura Ae it. 1735
Stoane Yamaica Il, 2 ip! papers or other goods devour-
able by them are put up in chests of this wood. 1826 Blackw.
Mag. XIX. 335 The editors. .seized on the devourable parts,
and gave both islands a feast.
Devourer ((/vaue'ra1). Alsos -our, -ar, [ME.
devourour, a. AF. devorour = OF. devoreor, de-
vorecur (12th c. in Godef.) :—dévoratir-em, agent-
n. from dévorare to Devour.]
1. One who devours; one who eats greedily or
voraciously.
1382 Wycur Matt, xi. 19 A man deuourer, or oun.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvin, \xvi. (1495) 822 lyon
is a deuourer of meete wythout chewynge. 1399 LANGL.
Rich. Redeles mt. 371 Devourours of vetaile. Epen
Decades 48 Men which are deuourers of mans flesshe. 1664
Evetyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 209 igs. .are cu De-
vourers. 1796 Morse Amer, Geog. 1. 219 They..move
slowly, but reluctantly, towards the yawning jaws of their
devourers. ~ oe Brartnwaite Salmonide of
t is
Westmorland
salmon,
2. transf. and fig. One who or that which con-
sumes, destroys, swallows up, or absorbs,
1385 Cuaucer L.G. W. 1 ‘ypsip., Duk Iason Thou
sly [v. ». sleer] deuourere ..Of tendere wemen. ¢ — Henry
Wallace x. 492 Thou renygat deuorar off thi blud. 1580
Baret Af, Go. An vnsatiable reader: a deuourer of
a devourer of the spawn of
Devout (divau't), a. and sé. Forms: a. 3-5
(6 Sc.) devot, 3-7 (9 arch.) devote, (4 devoste),
6 Sc. devoit, divoit, divot. 8. 3- devout, 4-5
devowt(e, 4-6 devoute. [ME. devot, devout, a.
OF. devot, devote (12th c. in Littré), = Pr. devot,
Sp. devoto, It. divoto, ad. L. dévot-us devoted, given
up by vow, pa. pple. of dévovére to Devorr. The
close OF, @ became the vowel ow (#) in ME.,
whence the modern diphthong ow; but a form in d,
Sc. of, was also in use: see DEVOTE a.
1. Devoted to divine worship or service ; solemn
and reverential in religious exercises; pious, reli-
gious.
a. ax122g Ancr. R, 376 Puruh aromaz, pet beod swote, is
understonden swotnesse of deuot heorte, ¢ 1325 £. £, Addit.
P. A. 406 Be dep deuote in hol mekenesse, ¢ 1400 MAuNDEV.
(Roxb,) viii. 30 Pai er deuote men and pure lyf.
Srewart Cron. Scot, 11. 567 Diuoit he wes with mony
almous deid. 1549 Compl. Scot. (1872) 4 The deuot Kyng,
Numa pompilius. 1651 [see Devore a.].
B. 1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 369 In chyrche he was deuout
ynou, 1382 Wyciir x. xxxv. 29 Alle men and wymmen with
a deuowt mynde offerden 3iftis. c P . Parv. 120
Devowte, devotus. a ni. de la cr (868) 7 A shorte
orison, saide with devouute herte. ¢xgrz rst Eng.
Bk, Amer. (Arb.) Introd. 31/2 These people be very deuoute.
1530 Patscr. 310/1 Devoute, holy disposed to praye, denot,
1636 Six H. Biount Vey. Levant (2639) 87 All the devouter
sort (which are not many) goe to Church, and sa:
yers. 1732 Law Serious C. i. (ed. 2) 1 He..is the devout
an who lives no longer to his own will... but to the sole
will of God. 1865 M. Arnotp £ss. Crit, ix. (1875) 398 The
devoutest of your fellow Christians. 1883 Froupr Short
i
* Stud. AV. 1. ii. 185 Keble was a representative of the devout
mind of England.
tb. gen. Devoted, a or reverently
attached (¢o a b ts son or cause), Oéds.
erm, Sel, Wks. I. 113 God wolle have oure
uay) Comm, 201 Isaac was..devout to God. 1659
B, Harris Parival’s [ron Age 205 Sir Thomas Wentwort!
-. became the most devout friend of the Church.
2. Of actions and thin
of his halighis. c1goo 2 's Tesi
Poet. 3 He syng Foure devoite masses at my biryng.
a 1541 Barnes Wks. 318(R.), To pep mee wyth his deuote
prayer. 1552 App. fawuzon Catech. (1884) 8 Faithful and
devoit prayar. ~ [see Devore a.).
B. ¢1340 Hampo.e Tr. 24 Deuoute pra:
feruent
desi: nd ely meditacions, 1 (title -
ne “ot Perfeccyon, a devoute Tease in Entiyabe,
1603 Reotis Hist. Turks (1621) 78 The devout warre,
reliefe of th Christians in
bookes. 1586 'T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1. 622 Achilles
offering great injuries to --called him Devour
of the le. be. Loe '. Calling (1696) 82 Gaming, like
a Quick Sand, swal up a Man in 1a moment .. awks,
Peiist. Ind. ey In his writings,
Son mayle necslto oll Massehnaee
and Hounds and H , &e. hat d
1698 Wantey Wond. Lit. World 1. xliv. § By 228/1 The
Eye that is the devourer of such beautiful Objects. 1
Spectator 7 June 799 The shallowest novel-devourer will
find in it excitement enough.
3. Earnest, sincere, hearty.
DEVOUT.
B. as sd. +1. A devotee. Ods.
[ec Gesta Rom. xcii. 419 json MS.) This knyght had
a poe te woman to wife, and a deuoute to oure ladie.] 1616
R. Suetvon Miracles Antichrist 247 (T.) Not .. the ordin-
ary followers of Antichrist, but .. his special devouts. 1675,
tr. Machiavelli's Prince xv, (Rtldg. 1883) 98 One a devout,
another an atheist. ‘
2. That which is devout; the devotional part.
1649 Mitton Eikon. i. (1851) 344 This is the substance of
his first Section, till we come to the devout of it, model’d
into the form of a privat Psalter.
+ Devou't, v.! Ods. Variant of Devore v.
1605 Stow Chron. an. 1603 (R.) Hee shewed himselfe a
well deuouted Christian. 1639 Drumm. or Hawrtn. Lidra-
vies Wks. (1711) 223 How much is Florence adebted .. to
Bessarion..who at his death devouted to it a library, 1651
tr. Bacon's Life §& Death 15 A Man peaceable, Contemplative
and much devouted to Religion,
|| Devou'tement, adv. Obs. rare. [a. OF. de-
te t (in AF. devow-).] Devoutly.
@ 1400 Octonian 63 The holy pope Seynt Clement. .prayede
God deuoutement .. That [etc.].
+ Devou'tful, az. Os. [irreg. f. Devout a. +
-FUL: (a suffix properly added to a sb.).] Full of
devoutness ; devout, pious.
1597 Dantet Civ, Wars 1. xiv, Richard .. who .. all his
fathers
mighty treasure spent, In that devoutfull Action of |
the East. 1598 Torre Ada (1880) 28 As painfull Pilgrim
in deuoutfull wise. 1604 Marston & WessteR Madcontent
1. i, To make her his by most devoutful rites.
+Devou'tless, 2. Obs. rare—°. [irreg. f. as
prec. +-LESS ; cf. DEvorELEss.] Without devout-
ness, undevout. Hence + Devou‘tlessness.
1576 R. Curtis Two Serm, C vj b (T.), The darts of de-
voutlessness, unmercifulness, and epicurisme. .fly abrode.
Devoutly (divau'tli), av. Also 4-6 deuote- :
see Devoura. [f. Devour a. +-Ly 2.]
1. In a devout manner; reverently, piously,
religiously.
a. ©1325 Metr. Hom. 160 And ilke day deuotely, Herd
scho messe of our Lefdye. ¢1380 Wycuir IV’ks. (1880) 319
To preye deuoteliche. c1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xv. 69 3
serue 30ur Godd weleand deuotely. ?c¢1g00 How Plowman
lerned Pater Noster 42 in Hazl. E. P. P. 1. 211 Late me
here The saye devotely thy pater noster. 1588 A. Kina tr.
Canisius’ Catech. 34 Prayers ..quhan thay in y® name off
Iesus Christ, ar humblie and deuotlie desyrit, helpis mony.
B. cx325 £. £. Allit. P. B. 814 His two dere do3terez de-
uoutly hem haylsed. ¢1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xvii. 76 He
serued Godd full deuoutely. ¢1489 Caxton Blauchardyn
xxxvii. 137 They sholde deuoutly do baptyse hem self. 1568
Kut. of Curtesy 451 She confessed her devoutly tho, And
shortely receyved the Sacrament. cr6rx Donne Poems
(1633) 275 Who dream’d devoutlier then most use to pray.
1781 Gipson Decd. § F. II. 137 Julian most devoutly ascribes
his miraculous deliverance to the protection of the Gods.
1849 James Woodman iv, She crossed herself devoutly.
. Earnestly, sincerely, fervently.
1602 Suaks. Ham, i. i. 64 "Tis a consummation De-
uoutly to be wish’d. 1605 Campen Rew. (1637) 349 His
devote minde to his Lady hee devoutly, iioush not reli-
giously shewed, 1798 Soutney Yoan oA 71, 219 Child-
hood .. Listening with eager eyes and open lips Devoutly
in attention. 1814 Scorr Wav. Ixvii, Let us devoutly hope,
that .. we shall never see the scenes .. that were general in
Britain Sixty Years since, 1874 Mortey Compromise Siete
113 Men were then devoutly persuaded that their eterna
salvation depended on their having true beliefs.
Devoutness (dévau'tnés). [f. as prec. + -NESS.]
The quality of being devout; reverential spirit or
character ; religiousness, piety.
1377 Pel. Poems (Rolls) I. 217 Nou is devoutnes out icast.
1530 Patscr. 213/2 Devoutnesse, deuotion. a 1680 GLANVILL
Sevm. 52(T.) There are some who have a sort of devoutness
and religion in their partons complexion. 1840 CARLYLE
Heroes (1858) 22t What devoutness and noblemindedness
had dwelt in these rustic thoughtful peoples. 1874 Mortey
Compromise (1886) 178 Religiosity or devoutness of spirit.
Devoutour, -trour, corrupted forms of advoz-
tour, advoutrer, ADULTER, -ERER. (Cf, DEVOTERER.)
So devoutrie for advoutrie, ADULTERY.
1377 Lanct. P. Pl. B. 1. 175 Owre synne to suffre, As
deuoutrie [other MSS. aduoutrie] and deuo[r]ses and derne
vsurye, 1393 /éid. C. 11, 184 And ich my-self cyuyle and
symonye my felowe Wollen ryden vp-on rectours and riche
men deuoutours [v. 77. deuotours, deuoutrours].
+ Devo've, v. Obs. [ad. L. dévovére to vow or
devote, f, Dr- I. 2+vovere to vow.] trans. To
devote. Hence +Devo'ved f//. a., devoted.
1567 Drant Horace's Efist., Fulius Florus C vj, 1 haue
2 your home ge Along d d cowe Which
graseth here ., And fattes her selfe for you. 1618 BoLTon
Florus 1. xiii. (1636) 37 Such of the Senatours, as had
borne highest offices .. devove themselves, for their Coun-
try’s safty, to the gods infernall. 1656 Cowtey Davideis
iv. 1063 "Iwas his own Son..that he devov’d. 1808
. Bartow Columé, 1. 852 Receive, dread Powers (since
can slay no more’, My last glad victim, this devoved gore.
Devovement: see DEVOUEMENT,
+ Devow’', v. Obs. [a. 16th c. F. devouer to
‘dedicate or consecrate by a vow, f. Dr- I. 2, 3 +
vouer to vow, after L. dévovére, dévotare: see Du-
VoTE.]
1. trans. To dedicate or give up by a vow.
1579 J. Stusses Gaping Gulf Eiij b, A deuowed enemy
to our Queene. 1600 HoLtanp Livy vii. ix. 287 Come and
say afore me that forme of words, wherby I may devow and
betake myselfe for the legions. 1601 — Pliny xxtt. v, P.
Decius,.. devowed and yeelded himselfe to all the divels
of hell for the safety of his armie. 1609 — Amm, Marcell,
226, oo ores my selfe to the Roman Empire.
OL. .
|
297°
2. To devote, give up.
1621 G. Sanpys Ovid's Met. xv. (1626) 317 By Step-dames
fraud, and fathers credulous Beliefe deuow'd to death. 1632
B. Jonson Magn. Lady 1. i, To the inquiry And search of
_ which, your mathematical head Hath so devow’'d itself.
3. To disavow, give up, renounce. rare.
1610 G. FLetcuer Christ's Vict. in Farr S. P. Yames /
(1848) 54 There too the armies angelique devow’d heir
former rage, and all to Mercy bow’d.
Hence Devow’'ed //f/. a.: see in 1.
Devowt(e, obs. form of Devout.
Devoyer, devoyr(e, obs. forms of DEvorr.
Devu'lgarize, v. [f. Dr-II.1+Vuncarize.]
trans. To free from vulgarity. Hence Devw'l-
garizing f7/. a.
1868 Annorr in Zac. Mag. May 38/2 Shakespeare, and
Plutarch’s ‘ Lives’, are very devulgarizing books.
Devulgate, -vulge, obs. ff. DIVULGATE, -VULGE.
Devyde, obs. form of Diving.
Devyer, devyr, obs. forms of Drvorr.
Devyn(e, -al, -or, -our, etc., obs. ff. DivINE,
-AL, -ER, etc.
Dew (diz), 55. Forms: 1 déaw, 2 déw, 2-4
deu, deu3, 3 dew (Orm.), 4 deew, dew3, deau,
4-6 dewe, deaw(e, 6 deow(e, due, 3-dew. [Com-
mon Teut.: OE. déaw, OF ris. daw, OS. dau, MLG.
dau, Du. dauw, OHG., MHG. tou (tonwes), Ger.
than, tau, ON. dogg, gen. diggvar, Sw. dagg, Da.
dug, Goth. *daggwa-:—OTeut. *danwo-, Aryan
*dhdwo-: cf. Skr. dhaw to flow, run.]
1. The moisture deposited in minute drops upon
any cool surface by the condensation of the vapour
in the atmosphere ; formed after a hot day during or
towards night, and plentiful in the carly morning.
Formerly supposed to fall or descend softly from the
heavens, whence numerous current phrases, figures, and
modes of speech: cf. DEWFALL.
a800 Corpus Gloss. 1752 Roscido, deawe. c825 lesf.
Psalter cxxxiili). 3 Swe swe deaw se astized in munt. ¢ 1000
fEtrric Exod. xvi. 13 On morgen wes }> deaw abutan ba
fyrdwic. @x1175 Cott. //om. 233 His sonne, mone, sterren,
rien, daw, wind. c1175 Lamb. Hon. 159 Pe sunne drach
up bene deu. c1200 77in. Coll. Hom. 256 On pe lizte pe
heouene deu3, c 1250 Gen. § Ex. 3325 Knewen he no3t dis
dewes cost. 1340 Ayend, 91 Bote a drope of deau..be drope
of pe deawe. ¢1380 Wycuir Se/. Il’ks. III. 27 Weetynge
of hevenly deew. 1382 — Daniel iv. 30 With dewe of
heuen his body was enfourmed. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P.
R. vill. xvii. (1495) 326 The more clere that the mone is in the
Somer tyme the more plente of dewe is seen vpon the grasse
and herbes. axzg00 J/inor Poems Vernon MS. 618 Softur
pen watur or eny licour, Or dew3 pat lip on be lilie flour,
Was cristes bodi. c¢ 1440 Promp. Parv. 120 Dewe, vos. 1508
Dunsar Tua Mariit Wemen 10 The dew donkit the daill,
and dynarit the foulis. 1549 Comfl. Scot. vi. 59 The deu..
is ane humid vapour, generit in the sycond regione of the
ayr. 1596 SpeNSER Astrofh. 191 All the day it standeth
full of deow. 1601 Suaxs. ¥u7. C. v. iii. 64 Our day is gone,
Clowds, Dewes, and Dangers come. 1609 Hotiann Ame.
Marcell, xxi. vi. 238 These pearles, within strong and
bright shels of the sea-fishes, conceived. .by a commixtion
of deaw. 1665 Sir T. Herpert 7av. (1677) 372 Pearls..
generated. .of the morning dew of Heaven, which in serenes
falls into the gaping Shell-fish. 1784 Cavenpisy in P//2.
Trans. LXXIV. 129 Almost all the inflammable air, and
near one-fifth of the common air, lose their elasticity, and
are condensed into dew. 1795 SoutHEyY Yoan of Arcil. 9
As the dews of night Descended. 1800 Worvsw. Pet-lamib 1
The dew was falling fast, the stars began to blink. 1840
Dickens Old C, Shop xvii, She walked out into the church-
yard, brushing the dew from the long grass with her feet.
1848 Lytton Harold 1. i, Arch and blooming faces bowed
down to bathe in the May dew. 1878 Huxtey Physiog”. 51
Moisture which is thus deposited upon any cold surface,
without production of mist, is termed dew. 1887 Bowen
Virg. Eclogue v. 77 While bee sucks from the thyme, and
cicalas drink of the dew.
+b. p/. ? Damp places. Ods.
1377 Lanat. P. PZ. B. xv. 289 And also Marie Magdeleyne
by mores lyued and dewes, — ‘
2. fig. Something likened to dew in its operation
or effect: @. as coming with refreshing power or
with gentle fall; b. as characteristic of the morning
of life, of early years, like the ‘early dew’.
_& ¢x200 OrmiN 9883 All wibputenn dew Off Haliz
Gastess frofre. 31508 Fisner Wks. (1876) 176 Make them
moyst with the due of thy grace. 1559 Bk. Com. Prayer,
Morning Prayer, The continuall deawe of thy blessinge.
1607 Suaks. Cor. v. vi. 23 He watered his new plants with
dewes of Flattery. 1 Mitton P. L. 1v. 614 The timely
dew of sleep. .inclines Our eye-lids. 1738 Pore Epil. Sat.
1,69 The gracious Dew of Pulpit Eloquence. 1819 SHELLEY
Cenci 1, i. 178 Sleep, that healing dew of heaven. 1821 —
Ginevra 115 The dew of music more divine Tempers the
deep emotions. 1839 YEowELL Anc. Brit. Ch. vi. (1847) 52
Hearts baptized with the heavenly dews of the Gospel.
b. 1535 CoverDAte Ps. cix. [cx.] 3 Y° dewe of thy birth is
of y° wombe of the mornynge. 1849 Rosertson Seri. Ser.
1. ili. (1866) 53 Dried up the dew of fresh morning fiting.
1858 Loner. A7. Standish 1. 18 Having the dew of his youth,
and the beauty thereof.
3. transf. Applied to moisture generally, especi-
ally that which appears in minute drops on any
surface or exudes from any body.
@ 1300 Cursor M, 17682 (Cott.) Wit a deu mi face he wette,
1586 A. Day Lng. Secretary 1. (1625) 139 Whom furres must
fence..and dew of nappie Ale cherish. 1607 TorsELi Four.
Beasts (1658) 316 Pare his [the horse’s] hinder-feet thin,
untill the dew comeout, 1610 Markuam Master. u1. c. 382
both the quarters of the hoofe with a drawing-knife ..
-so deepe that you may see the dew come foorth. 163
DEW.
Wivvowes Nat. Philos. 56 Dew is a humor contained in the
hollownesse of the members, and joyned to their substance.
1674 N. Fatrrax Bulk & Selv. 126 That cold and dew and
clamminess, that goes to the hatching of a snails [egge).
1756-7 tr. Keysler’s Trav. (1760) III. 210 Ballani do not
feed on the gross parts of the sea-water, but as it were on
the subtile dew that penetrates through the stone. 1822
Suetrey 77inmph Life 66 The fountains, whose melodious
dew Out of their mossy cells for ever burst.
b. Moisture glistening in the eyes; tears. Hence
Suneral dew.
1588 Suaks. LZ. L. L. 1, iii. 29 The night of dew that on
my cheekes downe flowes. 1612-5 Br. Hatt Contemp,
O. T. xx. iii, These expostulations might have fetched some
dewes of pitie from the eyes. 1649 Davenant Love & Honour
ut, Dram. Wks, 1873 II]. 134 Sure I could weep, but that
my eyes Have not enough of funeral dew to melt Away.
1662 CokAINE Ovid tv. vil, Shed no more tears! You have
.. Spent too much of that precious dew. 1814 Scott Ld. of
Isles \v. xvi, Those poor eyes that stream’d with dew. 1847
‘Tennyson Princ. vit. 120 The dew Dwelt in her eyes, and
softer all her shape And rounder seem’d.
ce. Perspiration, sweat.
1674 S. Vincent Vug. Gallant's Acad. 33 Thou feelest
the fat Dew of thy body... run trickling down thy sides.
1795 SoutHEY Joan of Arc vu. 211 The dews of death
Stood on his livid cheek. 1814 Scotr Ld. of /sles v. xxvi,
Cold on his brow breaks terror’s dew. 1859 ‘TENNYSON
Enid 568 The dew of their great labour .. flowing, drained
their force.
d. With qualifying words, as Bacchus’ dew, the
Juice of the grape, wine, or other fermented or dis-
tilled drink ; A/ountatn-dew, a fanciful term for
whisky illicitly distilled on the mountains ; dew of
Gleniivat, Glenlivat whisky; + dew of vitriol (ros
vitriol).
1559 Airy. Mag., Dk. Clarence iii, Sowst in Bacchus
dewe. 1706 Puitiirs (ed. Kersey) Dew of Vitriol, a Name
given by some Chymists to a kind of Phlegm or Water
drawn from that Mineral Salt, by Distillation in Balneo
Marie, or with a gentle Heat. 1800 tr. Lagrange's Chent,
I]. 84 There remains a whitish-grey mass, which formerly
was called }7triol Calcined to Whiteness. If you distil it
in a retort, and collect the product, you will have first, a
water slightly acid, called Dezu of Witriol. 1822 SHELLEY
Zucca ix, Full as a cup with the vine’s burning dew. 1826
P. P.in Hone Every-day Bk. 11.610 Whiskey, or mountain
dew. 1836 E. Howarp &. Reefer xxxv, Then came the
whiskey—the real dew. 1840 Chamb. Frnl. 1X. 94 The
discomfited gaugers fled .. leaving the victorious chief in
undisturbed possession of the much coveted mountain-dew.
1884 Daily News 23 May 5/7 [They] cannot compete with
the dew of Glenlivat. -
4. Applied with qualification to surface deposits
formed on plants, etc. (as by exudation, insects,
parasitic vegetation), formerly imagined to be in
origin akin to dew: see HonEy-pEw, MILDEW.
1563 W. Fucker Mefeors (1640) 53 b, There is another kind
of sweet dewes, that falleth in England, called the Meldewes,
which is as sweet as honey... There is also a bitter kind of
dew, that falleth upon herbs, and lyeth on them like branne
or meale. 1660 Jer. TayLor Worthy Commun. Introd. 10
It will not be impossible to find honey or wholesome dewes
upon all this variety of plants. 1821 ‘I’. Dwicut 7vaz. LI.
341 When it first exudes, it is very sweet to the taste; and
has hence been commonly supposed to be the residuum of
a particular kind of dew, called by the farmers honey-dew.
5. attrib, and Comb, (Especially frequent in
poetical use.) a. attrib., ‘of dew,’ as dew-bead,
-blob, -damp, -gem, -globe, -mist, -star, -water,
-web; ‘characterized by’ or ‘ characterizing dew’,
as dew-locks, -prime, -stlence, -wind. WY. locative
and originative, as dew-bow, -dance, -light. @. simi-
lative, ‘like’ or ‘as dew’, as dew-burning, -cold
adjs. dd. objective and obj. genitive, as dew-
brusher, -dropping adj. e. instrumental, as dew-be-
dabbled,-bediamonided, -bespangled, -besprent,-bright,
-clad, -dabbled, -drenched, -gemmed, -laden, -pearled,
-sprent, -sprinkled, -wet adjs. f. parasynthetic, as
dew-lipped adj.
1832 MoTHERWELL Poet. Wks. (1847) 85 In every “dew-
bead glistening sheen. 1868 Gro. Exiot SJ. Gipsy 1. (Cent.
Dict.), The dew-bead, Gem of earth and sky begotten.
1887 STEVENSON Underwoods, Every fairy wheel and thread
Of cobweb *dew-bediamonded. a@1748 Puouson Hymn to
Solitude 26 Just as the *dew-bent rose is born. 1634 Mitton
Comus 540 The savoury herb Of knot-grass *dew-besprent.
1727-38 Gay Fables |. 14(Jod.) As forth she went at early
dawn To taste the *dew-besprinkled lawn. 1873 R. Joun-
son in Tristram oad 387 A lunar rainbow on the ground,
or to speak more correctly a lunar *dew-bow. 1727-46
Tuomson Summer 86 Aslant the *dew-bright earth and
coloured air. 1854 J. Warter Last of Old Squires v. 51
He was what the Persians call a *dew-brusher ..Ten to
one but the labourer met him as he was going to his work.
1590 SPENSER /’, Q. 1. xi. 35 His bright *deaw-burning blade.
1847 Mischief of Muses 35 The moisture of the *dew-clad
rass. 1817 Moore Lalla R., Fire Worshippers (1854) 235
he who leans. .pale, sunk, aghast, With brow against the
*dew-cold mast. 1818 Keats £xdymz.1.683 The ee hung
*Dew-dabbled on their stalks. 1798 CoLeripcE Siby2. Leaves
Poems (1864) 265 She the *dew-damp wiped From off her
brow. 1812 G. Cotman Br. Grins, Lady of Wreck u. xxiii,
*Dew-dript evening. 1592 SuHaxs. Rom. §& Ful. 1. iv. 103
The *dew-dropping South. 1893 Le GaLurenne in West.
Gaz. 16 Feb. 2/3 See how yonder goes, *Dew-drunk .. Yon
Shelley-lark. 1832 Tennyson Lotos-Eaters 75 Sun-steep'd
at noon, and in the moon Nightly “dew-fed. 1823 Joanna
Baie Poems 228 *Dew-gemm’d in the morning ray. 1821
Suettey Prometh, Und, iv. 432 As the dissolving warmth
of dawn may fold A half unfrozen *dew-globe, green and
gold, And crystalline. 1603 Drayton Somes liii, (I.) Where
nightingales in Arden sit and sing Amongst a2 dainty
DEW.
Tennyson Ode to Memory
*dew-impearled flowers.
s of dawn. 1 Gro. Extor
ii, The dew-impearled wi
A. Bede 41 The *dew-laden grass. errick Noble
Numb., Star Song, Spangled with *deaw-light. 1856 Bryant
Poems, Ages v, When the *dew-li ing comes on.
4 Hee ere 47 Fhe ir eyes _ 7
errick Hesper. I. ‘orinna’s Mayi: e light
Hangs on the Sdowtock "ot the night. = SHELLEY
Prometh. Unb, 1. iti, The *dew-mists of my sunless sleep.
1841 Browninc Pippa Passes 1. (1889) 24 The ide’s *dew-
geet The lark’s on the wing. 1872 — Fifine xxxiii,
"hough *dew-prime flee. 1850 Mrs. Browninc Poems II. 165
Descend with sweet *dew-sil on my i 1850
Bracke Aschylus 1. 1 Sy ae dreamless couch.
1884 Symonps Shaks. Predecessors vii. § 3. 263 Abroad in
dew-sprent meadows. 1733 SHenstone Past. Ballad w. 33
The sweets of a*dew-sprinkled rose. 1821 SHELLEY Promet,
Und. 11. i. 168 As *dew-stars glisten, Then fade away. ¢ 1200
Trin. Coll. Hom. 151 De teares..ben cleped rein water oder
*deu water. 1813 Hocc Queen's Wake ii. Wks. (1876) 22 And
*dew-webs round the helmets weave. :
6. Special combs.: dew-beam ( foelic), a ray of
light reflected from a dewdrop; dew-bit (dia/.),
a small meal or portion of food taken in the early
morning, before the regular breakfast; dew-board,
a board used as a cover to keep off the dew;
dew-cap (see quot.); dew-drink (see quot.,
and cf. dew-dit); +dew-hopper, a name for the
hare (see DeupiInG); + dew-pear, name of a deli-
cate kind of pear (ods.) ; +dew-piece Sc.=dew-
bit; dew-plant, (a) a name for the ice-plant
(Mesembryanthemum), and for the sundew (D7o-
sera); (6) a plant nourished with dew (sonce-use) ;
dew-ripen v. = DEW-RET; dew-shoe, translation
of ON, déggskor (see quot.) ; dew-stone, ‘a species
of limestone, found in Nottinghamshire, which
collects a large quantity of dew on its surface’ (O.).
1824 SHELLEY Witch xvi, Woven from *dew-beams while
the moon yet slept. 1863 Barnes Dorset Gloss., * Dew-bit,
the first meal in the morning, not so substantial asa regular |
breakfast. Also in Berksh., Hampsh., W. Somerset Gloss.
1800 R. Warner Walk West. Count. 64 [We] were obliged
to sleep for several weeks in the shell of the tenement,
with no other covering (for it was not roofed) than a *dew-
board. 1879 Proctor Pleas. Ways Sc. xvi. 364 A cylinder
of tin or card, called a *dew-cap, is made to project beyond
the glass [of the telescope], and thus to act as a screen,
and prevent radiation. a@1825 Forsy Voc. E. Anglia,
* Dew-drink, the first allowance of beer to harvest men,
before they begin their day’s work. 1616 Surri. & Marku.
«Country Farme 417 Tender or delicate peare .. such as
*dew peare.
When I was eating my “due piece this morning. 1
Ruskin Q. of Air § 81 You are to divide the whole family of
the herbs of the field into three great groups—Drosida,
Carices, Gramineew—*dew-plants, sedges,and grasses, 1884
Miter Plant-n., Dew-plant, Mesembryanthemum glabrum,
1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. (1807) I1. 218 What is
called “dew ripen or ret the produce. 1880 STALLYBRASS tr.
Grimm's Teut. Mythol. 1. 387 When the godlike Sigurdr
strode through the .. corn, the *dew-shoe of his seven-span
sword was even with the upright ears. Note. Diggskér,
Sw. doppsko, the heel of the sword’s sheath, which usually
brushes the dew.
Dew di), v. Forms: 3 dsewwenn, 4-5
dewen, (4 dewey), 5-7 dewe, (6-7 deaw), 6-
dew. [ME. dewen, in Ormin dewwenn, implying
an OE. *déawian (entered by Somner) = OFris.
dawia (WFris. dauwjen), OS. *daujan (MDu.
dauwen, LG. dauen), OHG. towén, towén (MHG.
touwen, Ger. thauen, tauen), ON. doggva (Sw.
dagga) :—OTeut. *dauwéjan, f. dauw- DEw.]
+1. intr. To give or produce dew; zmpers. to
fall as dew (cf. z¢ rains, snows, etc.). Ods. or arch.
€ 1300 [implied in Dewtne v7. sd.). 1382 Wycutr /sa. xlv.
8 Deweth 3ee heuenus fro aboue (1388 Sende 3e out dew].
c 1440 Promp. Parv. 120 Dewyn or yeve dewe, vor0. 1450-
1530 Myrr. our Ladye 148 Rorate, dew heuens from aboue.
1 uLoet, Dew or droppe lyke dewe, vore. 1663 in
Te Birch /ist. R. Society 1, 246 It did not dew upon those
parts where trees lay buried under ground. 1726 Nat. Hist.
rel. 93 It deweth exceedingly in the hot and dry countries.
+ b. To distil or exude as dew. Ods.
1652 Bentowes Theoph., Epistle, When This Manna dew'd
from your inspired pen. /did. 1. xxv, Meat came from the
Eater, from the strong did dew Sweetnesse.
2. trans. To wet with oras with dew; to bedew ;
to moisten.
¢ 1200 Ormtn 13848 To wattrenn & to dewwenn swa burrh
be33ske & sallte taress patt herrte, a1325 Prose Psalter
vi. 6 Ich shal dewey my couertour wyth min teres. 1544
Puaer Kegim. Lyfe (1560) F iij, Take a sponnefull of hote
dewe them 7 good wyne. 1590 Srenser /, Q. 1,
xi. 48 Overflowed all the fertile plaine, As it had deawed
bene with timely raine. 1593 Suaks. 2 Hen. V’/, 11. ii. 340
Giue me thy hand, That I may dew it with my mournfull
teares. 1615 Crooxe Body of Man 821 To water or dew
some partes that stoode need of moysture. 1680 Orway
Orphan u. iv. 598 Cold sweat Dew'd all my face. 18ar
W. C. Weis ss. Dew (1866) 7 Grass after having been
dewed in the evening, is never found dry until after sunrise.
1830 Herscuet Stud. Nat. Phil. 1. vi. (1838) 162 The cool-
— the body dewed. a185x Moir Castle of Time xxi,
oloch’s monstrous shrines are dew’d with human blood.
b: Sg. (Cf. ‘ bedew ’, ‘ steep’ in fig. use.)
¢1gr0 Barctay Mirr. Gd. Manners(1570) A iij, As fruitfull
nutriment To dewe them in vertue, as plantes to augment,
1610 G. Fiercner Christ's Vict. xxv, ile deaw'd in
heavie sleepe, dead Peter lies. a Donne Serm. cv. IV.
413, But infected and dewed with frivolous, nay per-
nicious aj itions and revelations, 1810 Scorr Lady of L.
1. xxxi, Fairy strains of music fall, Every sense in umber
1685 SincLair Satan's Invis. World (1769) 48 |
298
dewing. Busunett Vicar. Sacr. mt. iii. Mercy..
dewing it pd with her tender mitigations, ss-3
+3. Tocause to descend or drop as dew; to distil,
instil. Ods.
1572 Forrest Theophilus in Anglia VII. 92 The devill in
the lets of the buss! did dewe His divillishe stirringis.
1sox 7roub. Raigne K. Fohn 1. (1611) 89 The heauens dew-
ing fauours on my head. 1593 Nasne Christ's 7. (1613) 1
O dew thy spirit plentiful into my inke.
+ 4. intr. To become moist, to exude moisture.
1658 A. Fox Wurts’ Surg. 1. viii. 34 Wounds that are thus
compelled to dew, will hardly come to healing.
Hence Dewed, Dew'ing fl. adjs.
1552 Hutoet, Dewed or wete wyth dewe, roratus.
Soutuwet. Peter’s Compl. Dew’'d eyes, and prostrate
prayers. 1635 Swan Sfec. M. (1670) 101 Which can have
no existence or being, but in a dewing or distilling cloud.
1830 Herscuet Stud. Nat. Phil. u. vi. (1838) 163 ‘The cool-
ing of the dewed surface by radiation.
w, obs. or dial. pa. t. of Daw v.1
Dew, Dewfull, obs. ff. Duz, DurFuL.
|| Dewan (déwan). Also duan, diwan, dee-
waun, dewaun, déwin, [Arab. and Pers. .,|yo
diwan, divan, Pers. formerly dévan, the same word
as Divan, of which an early sense was ‘ register’.
Through the application to a register of accounts,
and the financial department of a state, the word
has in India been individualized and applied to
the minister or officer over this department.]
In India: a. The head financial minister or trea-
surer of a state under former Mohammedan govern-
ments. b. The prime minister of a native state.
ec. The chief native officer of certain Government
establishments, such as the Mint. d. In Bengal,
a native servant in charge of the affairs of a house
of business or a large domestic establishment, a
steward. (Yule and Burnell.)
1690 J. Cuarnock, etc. M/S. Lett. to Mr. Ch. Eyre at
Ballasore (Y.), Fearing miscarriage of y' Originall ffarcuttee
we have herewt Sent you a Coppy Attested by Hugly
Cazee, hoping y’ Duan may be Sattisfied therewt*. 1766
Howwewt Hist. Events 1. 74(Y.) A Gentoo named Allum
Chund, who had been many years Dewan to Soujah Khan,
1771 in Gleig Mem. W. Hastings (1841) 1.221 (Y. Divesting
him of the rank and influence he holds as Naib Duan of the
Kingdom of Bengal. 1786 BLane in PAil. Trans. LXXVII.
Making the enquiries I wished .. from his Dewan or
Minister. 1804 in Owen Wedlles/ey's Desp. 632 The English
Company .. has forfeited its rights as dewan and treasurer
of the Empire. 1806 We ttuincton /éid. p. cii, Scindiah's
minister..was the Peshwah’s dewan. 1818 JAs. Mitt Brit.
India v. v. (1848) IV. 226 He sent on a commission to
Calcutta his dewan or treasurer. 1835 Burnes Trav. Bok-
hara (ed. 2) 1. 235 The Hindoo Dewans of Sinde now
transact the entire pecuniary concerns of the state. 1862
Beveriwce Hist, Jndia 1. 1. vi. 142 Subordinate to the
subahdar..was an officer, with the title of dewan or diwan,
who had the superintendence of all matters of revenue and
finance. 1871 Mateer /vavancore 22 Colonel Munro..
acted for about three years in the capacity of Dewan, or
Prime Minister.
Hence Dewa‘nship = next.
1789 Seir Mutagherin 11. 384(Y.) (Lord Clive] visited the
Vezir .. and asked that the Company should be invested
with the Divanship of the three provinces. 1818 Jas. Mitt
Brit. India v. iv. (1848) 1V. 149 Procuring for the donor the
dewanship of the Zamindari. sige
|| Dewani, dewanny, dewaunee Is, Per
Also dftanny, dewauny, diwani. [a. Pers.
diwani, divani, the office or function of diwan :
see prec.] The office of dewan ; esp. ‘the right
of receiving as dewdan, or finance minister, the
revenue of Bengal, Behar, and Orissa, conferred
upon the E, I. ar ce the Great Mogul Shah
*Alam in 1765. Also used sometimes for the ter-
ritory which was the subject of that grant’ (Yule
and Burnell).
1783 Burke Report Affairs India Wks. XI. 141 The
acquisition of the Dflanny opened a wide field for ee
jects of this nature. /bid, 196 Under the jurisdiction of the
wanny Courts. 1802 R, Patton Asiat. Mon. 178 note,
The officers of the dewanny, the revenue department. 1862
Beveripce Hist. /ndia 1, wm. xii. 671 An offer of the de-
waunee had .. been le to Clive. Grant Hist.
India 1. xx. 106/2 The Mogul ceded the dewaunee, or
collection of the revenues in Bengal, Behar, and Orissa.
Dew'-beater. [f. Dew sd. + Beater.)
1. One who beats or shakes off the dew in front
of others in the same fend, an early pioneer,
ax670 Hacker Abp. Williams 1. (1692) 57 The dew-
beaters have trod the way for those that come after them.
1883 Hampshire Gloss. Deaw-bitter, a dew-beater, one
who has large feet, or who turns his toes out so that he
brushes the dew off the grass in w
2. pl. The feet. slang.
1811 in Lexicon Balatron. 1823 Scorr Peveril xxxvi,
First hold out your dew-beaters till I take off the darbies.
3. (See quot.)
a 1825 Foray Voc. EZ. Anglia,
thick shoes which resist the dew, a i in Hauuwew.
Dew-berry (divberi). [f. Dew sd. + Berry.
Cf. mod.Ger. ¢hau-beere dew-berry, Oberdeutsch
taub-ber, tauben-ber, i.e. Aove- . The origin
of the first element is thus doubtful, but it is, in
English use, associated with Dew oa
A species of blackberry or bramble-berry, the
name being applied both to the fruit and the shrub :
Dew-beaters, coarse and
— a
DEW-CUP.
in Great Britain Rubus cwesius, a low: pro-
cumbent species, the black fruit of which a
bluish bloom; in N. America 2. canadensis, re-
sembling the British plant in its low growth and
bt, bt dering ing in the fruit. In some
mod. dialects, the name
+ Dew-bolne, 2. Ods. exc. dial. Also 6 -bole,
7-9-blown(e,8 -born. [f. Dew sd. + BoLNE ffi. a.
The second element became corrupted into ~do/e,
-born, -blown, and the last survives in dialects, asso-
ciated with BLown puffed up.] Of cattle: Swollen
with eating too freely of fresh moist grass or clover.
Sometimes used subst. as the name of the affection.
1523 Fitzuers. Hush. § 60 Dewbolne..commeth whan a
hungry beaste is put in a = pasture full of ranke grasse,
he wyll eate soo moche that his sydes wyll stande as hygh
as his backebone. 1587 Mascatt Govt. Cattle ssagh 5s
The Dew-bole in Oxe, or Cow, or other beast..is gotten
by eating of the trifoyle grasse in a deawy morning. 1601
oLtanp Pliny xxvii. i, If kine or oxen were dew-blowne
or otherwise puffed up. 1614 Marknam Cheap Husb. (1623)
98 Some of our = writers are opinioned, this Dew
or generall Gargill is a poysonous and violent swellin;
17, Bate (folio), Dew-dorn, a distemper in cattle, "84
Chesh. Gloss., Dewblown, said of cows which are swel
from eating green clover.
Dewee, obs. form of Deuce.
Dew-clap, obs. erron. form of DEwLap.
Dew-claw (di#klj). [App. f Dew sé. +
Craw sé.
(Perhaps referring to the fact that while the other claws
come in contact with the soil, or press the grass to the
ground, this only brushes the dewy surface.)}
1, The rudimentary inner toe or hallux (an-
swering to the great toe in man) sometimes present
in dogs.
In Newfoundland dogs, and St. Bernards, it is sometimes
abnormally double.
1576 Turserv. Venerie 23 Some other haue taken marke
by the hynder legges by the dewclawes. 1580 Hottysanp
od : Tong, Reviguls, dew clawes. 1 Corcr., Con-
trongle, the Deaw-claw, or water-claw of dogs. 1690 Lond,
Gas. No. 2548/4 Lost. little white Spaniel Dog .. with
D. Barrington in Selborne, The bitch
each hind cf The dog has none.
e
a dew claw on
newl en snow. 1883
ek in Encyel. Brit. xv. 438/1 pp In domestic
dogs a hallux hg see Fs ws ina ved
men condition, w being suspend:
loosely yr the skin, without ditect connection with the other
bones of the foot ; it is called by dog-fanciers the ‘dew-claw.’
2. The false hoof of deer and other ungulates,
1576 Turnerv. Venerie 97 The shinne bones large, the
dew clawes close in port..An hart to hunt, as any man can
seake, x6x1 Corar., Les gardes d'un sangli a We
Puituies, Dew-claw,
ie Nails behind the Foot of the Deer.
a. Tournerv. Venerie 8 Those whiche aré well bogey 3
lewclawed are best to make bloud! 1609
Butter Kem. Mon. i, (1634) 8 Her rough and dew-claw’d
feet, apt to take hold at the first touch, are in number six,
x61 n., Ergoté. fens amp deaw-clawed. 1616
Surri. & Marku, Country ypomy RY feete, strong
le igh de
Da ig hyog iy
tists. . Purcnas Pol. ns. 1. iii. 7
Sect ara alx, Gow wed. . full of joynts. ad Kaze Hedin,
1v. 685 Sorrel untorn by the ‘d stag.
Dew’ [f. Dew sd. + Cur.]
1. The early moming allowance of beer to har-
= Haciiwete Dew-drink, Called the dew-cup
Vv.
in Hants. | 2883 in Hampsh, Gloss.
DEWDROP.
2. The plant called Lady’s Mantle (Alchemilia
vulgaris).
1799 Ess. Hight. Soc. 111. 389 (Jam.) Giving them a de-
coction of the Dewcup and Healing leaf boiled in butter-
milk. se Hoce Queen's Wake ii. Wks. (1876) 21 He
thought. .of sleeping in the dew-cupseye. 1818— Brownie
of Bodsbeck U1. 183 They [fairies] ll hae to .. gang away
an’ sleep in their dew-cups. . till the gloaming come on again.
Dewdrop (di#drgp). [f. Dew sd.+ -Drop, Cf.
Ger. thau-tropfen, Du. dauw-droppel.| One of
the rounded ‘drops’ or globules in which dew
collects on surfaces on which it is deposited.
[a 1310 in bala oe Lyric P. xii. 114 Ase fele sythe ant oft
as dewes dropes beth weete.]_ 1590 Suaks. AZids. N. 11. i. 14,
I must go seeke some dew drops heere, And hang a pearle
in euery cowslips eare. 1667 Mitton P. L. v. 746 Starrs of
Morning, Dew-drops, which the Sun Impearls on every leaf,
and every flouer. 1788 CowPer Stanzas for Year 31 Dew-
drops may deck the turf that hides the bones. 1810 Scorr
Lady of L. w. ii, The lawn Begemmed with dew-drops.
1847 Tennyson Princ, vil. 53 When two dewdrops on the
petal shake To the same sweet air, 1871 TYNDALL Fragm.
Sc. (1879) I. xi. 342 The little pearly globe which we call a
dew-drop.
transf. & fig. 1781 Cowrer Truth 144 The shivering
urchin, bending as he goes, With slip-shod heels, and dew-
drop at his nose. 1807-8 W. Irvine Sadmag. (1824) 161 And
feel the dew-drop in my eye. 1826 Hoop Wee Man xiv,
On every brow a dew-drop stood. 1831 CartyLe Sart. Kes.
u. vi, The heart..unvisited by any heavenly dew-drop.
Hence Dew-dropped a., covered or bespangled
with dew-drops.
1756 W. Totvervy Hist. Two Orphans IV. 201 The dew-
dropp’drose. 1762 J. Warton Exthusiast Poems 82 Bladed
grass perfumed with dewdropped flowers. | 18xx W. R. Spen-
cer Poems 161 How bright it’s dewdropp’d tint appears !
Dewe, obs. form of Dux a. and sé.
Dewe(n, obs. f. DEAVE v., to become deaf.
Dewes: see DEus.
+Dewess. rare. [a. OF. *dewesse, dieuesse,
f. deu, diew god: see -rss. Cf, DEEss.] A goddess.
@ 1400-50 Alexander 3555 All driz3tens and dewessis ere
dute of my name.
Dewey, dewy, ME. pres. inf. of Dew v.
Deweylite (diviloit). Ain. [Named 1826
after Prof. Dewey, U.S. see -LiTE.] An amorphous
resinous-looking mineral of yellowish colour, con-
sisting of a hydrated silicate of magnesium.
1826 Emmons 47/7. 133. 1868 Dana Jin. 470.
Dew-fall (dizfol). [f Dew + Faun sé.: cf.
| a litel dewynge.
Dan. dugfald.] The formation or deposition of |
dew ; the time when this begins, in the evening.
1622 R. Tispate Lawyer Philos. in Farr S. P. Fas. I
(1848) 316 Shake off the dewfalls of the night. 1798 CoLr-
RIDGE Sibyl. Leaves Poems (1864) 115 The gentle dewfall,
1820 SHELLEY Witch Atlas xxix, She past at dewfall to a
space extended. 1828 Moore Before the Battle i,’Midst
the dew-fall of a nation’s tears. ¢ 1850 WuitTiER Cal of
Christian vii, Noiseless as dew-fall. 1878 Huxtey Physiogr.
65 The temperature after dewfall. 1892 Daily News 1 Mar.
5/4 The rainfall is. .supplemented by..excessive dewfalls.
So Dew’falling.
‘ ~ Hotme Lee ZB, Godfrey xix. 109 The time of the dew-
falling.
Dewegard, -gar, Sc. forms of DizucARD. Obs.
+ Dew-grass (di#gras). Ods. [f. DEW sd. +
Grass, suggested by L. G. Himmeldau, med. L. ras
celt, ‘dew of heaven’, manna.] A name given by
Gerarde and other early herbalists to an esculent
grass of Central Europe, the cultivated form of |
Lanicum sanguinale, Manna-grass.
1597 GrrArve Herbal 1. xx. 25 The Germanes call it
Himeldau, that is to say Cadi vos, whereupon it was called
Gramen Mannz .. Lobel calleth it gramen manne esculen-
tum, for that in Germany and other parts, as Bohemia, and
Italy, they use to eat the same as a kind of bread corne,
and also make potage therewith as we do with oatmeale ..
In English it may be called manna se or Dew grasse;
but more fitly vice-grasse. 1610 W. FoukincHam Art of
Survey 1. vii.14 Panick, Amilcorne, Spelt-corn, Garences,
pevgase, Jobs teares. 1640 Parkinson Theat. Bot. 1180
The Dew grasse is said to discusse the hardnesse of womens
breasts, the seede is food for small birds, and Pidgeons and
Hens and for men also.
{Erroneously taken by Prior, Plant Names, for the
Cock’s-foot grass, Dactylis glomerata; whence in later
Dictionaries and lists).
Dewice, dewis(e, obs. Sc. ff. Devicz, DEVISE.
Dewid, obs. form of Divine.
Dewille, obs. form of Drevin.
Dewily (di-ili), adv. [f. Dewy +-ty2.] After
the manner of dew.
1818 Blackw. Mag. 11. 32 The song Dropp’d dewily from
that sweet tongue. S. Mostyn Perplexity ILL. viii. 212,
I will make my love fall dewily on your heart. 1887 Bowen
Virg. Aeneid w. 699 So upon saffron wings came Iris,
dewily bright.
Dewiness (dis‘inés). [f. Dewy +-nuss.] The
quality of being dewy ; fig. freshness, vigour.
1627 tr. Bacon’s Life §& Death (R.), A dewinesse dis-
rsed, or. .radicall in the very substance of the body. 1817
Eats ‘1 Stood Tiptoe’ iv, Ye ardent marigolds! .. again
your dewiness he kisses. 1863 Tynpati Heat v. § 186 (1870)
150 [This] caused a dewiness on the external surface. 1868
Browninc ‘Ring § Bk 1x. 242 Farewell to dewiness and
prime of life !
aye den vbl. sb. [f. Dew v. +-Ine Ly]
1. Deposition of dew.
13-. K. Adis. 914 Theo sunne ariseth, and fallith the
299
dewyng; Theo nessche clay hit makith clyng. 1398
Trevisa Barth. de P. R. x1. v. (Tollem. MS.), Perof comep
Ibid. xvt. \xii. (Tollem. MS.), Pe more
dewynge is founde, be more and pe gretter pe margarite is
endrid of pe dewe. 1838 Jerrrey in Ld. Cockburn Lie
I. Let. cxl, After the dewing of yesterday, everything is
so fresh and fragrant. ;
2. A wetting with or as with dew; a gentle
sprinkling ; moistening, bedewing.
14.. Hoccreve Compl. Virgin 158 They by taast of swich
dewynge, Hem oghte clothe ageyn. 1513 DoucLas nets
vi. ili. 143 With clene watter .. Strinkland a litle dewing ..
With the branche of ane happy olive thrise. 1565-73
Coorer Thesaurus, A spergo, a sprinckling or dewing. 1646
Rutuerrorp Left. 1. xlvil. (1881) 455 A night’s dewing of
grace and sweetness, 1882 Garden 28 Jan. 65/3 An occa-
sional dewing over with the syringe.
Dewing, f7/. a.: see DEW v.
+Dew'ish, 2. Os. [f. Dew sd. + -1su.] Of
the nature of or akin to dew ; moist, damp.
1589 Freminc Georg. Virg. 11. 48 And dewish moone doth
newrefresh the woods. 1620 MARKHAM Jarew. Hus. (1625)
117 Amore moist place..which euer is vomiting wet and
dewish humours. 1656 Ripctey Pract. Physick 141 ‘The
dew or dewish moisture.
Dewite, obs. form of Dury.
+ Dewitt, De-Witt (déwit), v. Obs. [From
the surname of the two brothers John and
Cornelius De Witt, Dutch statesmen, opponents of
William II as Stadtholder of the United Provinces,
who were murdered bya mobin 1672.] ¢vans. To
kill by mob violence; to lynch.
1689 Modest Enguiry into Present Disasters (1690) 32
It’s a wonder the English Nation have not in their fury De-
Witted some of those men. 1 Asp. Sancrort Protes-
tation, Such a fury, as may end in Dewé?tting us (a bloody
Word, but too well understood). 1695 (¢7¢/e), Gallienus
Redivivus ; or, Murther Will Out, &c., being a true account
of the De-Witting of Glencoe, Gaffney, &c. 1711 Vind. of
Sacheverell 69 King William deserved to be De-Witted.
1724 in Lockhart Papers 11. 162 Had Mr. Campbell himself
been in town, they had certainly De-witted him. 1824
Soutuey Bk, of Ch. (1841) 544. 1855 Macautay Hist. Eng.
III. 660, 1888 Prumptre Life Ken II. xviii. 1 Men..were
stirring up the people to that form of ‘lynching” which
was then known as ‘ De Witting.’
Dewlap (dizlxp). Also 6 dew lop, erro.
dew-clap. [The second element Lap is OF.
leppa, pendulous piece, skirt, lappet, lobe; the
first is uncertain: the equivalent Da. dog/xd, Norw.
doglup, Sw. driglapp, in which the first element is
not the word for ‘dew’, suggest that the original
form has been altered under the influence of popu-
lar etymology.
The English form may be explained as the ‘lap’ or pendu-
lous piece which touches the dewy surface; but that is not
likely to have been the original notion. ]
1. The fold of loose skin which hangs from the
throat of cattle.
1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. xvi. xiii. (17S. Bod?. 3738)
In Siria bep oxen pat haue no dewe lappis nother fresche
lappes vnder prote [Jalearia sub gutture). c1420 Pallad.
on Husb. w. 711 The kyen.. Wel hered eres, and dewlappes
syde [=hanging low]. c1440 Promp. Parv. 120 Dew
lappe, syde skyn’ vndur a bestys throte, Jeleare. 1523
Firzuers. Huséd. § 59 To cutte the dewlappe before. 1565
Gotpinc Ovid’s Met. vu. 155 Vheir dangling dew-claps
with his hand he coid unfearefullie. 1579 SPENSER Shefi.
Cal. Feb. 74 His deuelap as lythe as lasse of Kent. 1589
Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 74 White ..as the dangling
deawlap of the silver Bull. 1621 G. Sanpys Ovia’s Met.
11. (1626) 43 His broad-spred brest, long dangling dew-laps
deck. 1872 Mivart Elem, Anat. 237 Folds of skin hang
freely in some animals, as the dewlap of cattle. :
b. Transferred to similar parts in other animals,
as the loose skin under the throat of dogs, etc., the
pendulous fleshy lobe or wattle of the turkey and
other fowls, and humorously to pendulous folds of
flesh about the human throat.
1590 Suaks. Mids. N. u. i. 50 When she drinkes, against
her lips I bob, And on her wither'd dewlop poure the Ale.
1654 Gayton Pleasant Notes u. iii. 42 The dulapes and
the jawy part of the face. 1668 Witkins Keal Char, 161
Described to have a dew-lap under the throat..Senembi,
Iguana. 1690 W. Wacker /diomat. Anglo-Lat. 222 Dew-
laps hang down from his chaps. 1774 Gotvs. Nat. Hist.
(1862) I. 1. iii. 267 The skin hangs loose. .in akind of dewlap.
1859 J. Brown Rad. § F. (1862) 9 He [mastiff] .. has the
Shaksperian dewlaps shaking as he goes. 1863 WuyTE
MEtvittE Gladiators I. 3 Gelert is down, torn and mangled
from flank to dewlap. : ‘
2. <A brand used in marking cattle, being a cut
in the lower part of the neck’ (Farmer, American-
isms, 1889).
Hence Dew'lapped, having a dew-lap.
c1420 Pallad. on Husb. w. 679 [699] Compact, a runcle
necke, dewlapped syde Unto the kne. 1590 Suaxs. Mids. NV.
Iv. i. 127 My hounds are bred out of the Spartan kinde ..
Crooke-kneed, and dew-lapt, like Thessalian Buls, @ 1732
Gay (J.), The dewlapt bull now chafes along the plain. 1806
Soutney Le/t. (1856) I. 355 He is a fat, dew-lapped, velvet-
voiced man. 1887 Ruskin Hortus Inclusus 11 Dew-lapped
cattle. .feeding on the hillside above. 3 f
Dewle, obs. f. due, DoLx, Doon, grief, mourning.
Dewless (di#lés), a. [f. Dew+-1uss.] De-
void of or without dew.
@ 1618 Sytvester Maiden’s Blush 1322 Both solstices like
deawless and adust, 1199 Campset. Pleas, Hope 1, When
the sea-wind wafts the dewless ie 1832 TENNYSON
Miller's Dau. 246 On the chalk-hill the bearded grass Is
dry and dewless. 1865 E. Burrirr Walk to Lana’s End
DEWY.
36 What a dewless Sahara would be the walk of life
without the companionship of children !
Dew-point (dizpoint). That point of at-
mospheric temperature at which dew begins to
be deposited.
1833 N. Arnott Physics (ed. 5) Il. 47 The degree of heat
at which the dew begins to appear is called the dew-foint,
being an important particular in the meteorological report
of the day. 1843 Prec. Amer. Phil. Soc. 11. 249 Professor
Baebe described a dew-point hygrometer. 1854 Hooker
Himal. Jruis. 1. i. 14 This indicated a dew-point of 114°.
1878 Huxtey Physiogr. 52 When the temperature is suffi-
ciently lowered, the dew-point is reached.
Dew-rake (divrék). [f. Dew sd. + RAKE s6.]
A rake for the surface of grass or stubble.
1659 Gaupen 7Jears of Ch. 381 Like dew-rakes and
harrowes, armed with so many teeth, 1806-7 A. YounG
Agric, Essex (1813) 1. 108, 4 dew rakes, 20s. each. 1886
Daily News 24 Sept. 7/2 Where stubble is much infested it
should be brushed off with poles .. and collected as closely
as possible for burning by means of ‘ dew rakes’.
Hence Dew'rake v.
1797 A. Younc Agric. Suffolk 55 The stubbles are dew-
raked, by men drawing a long iron-toothed rake.
Dewrance, obs. form of DURANCE.
Dewre, var. of DuRE v. Ods.
Dew-ret (div ret), v. Also -rot, -rate. [f.
Dew sd.+ Ret v.] trans. To ret or macerate (flax,
hemp, etc.) so as to detach the fibre from the woody
stem, by exposure to the dew and atmospheric in-
fluence instead of by steeping in water. Hence
Dew'-retting vé/. sd.
1710 HitMAN Tusser Redivivus, There is a Water-retting
and a Dew-retting, which last is done ona good Rawing, or
aftermath of a Meadow Water. 1807 VANcoUVER Agric.
Devon (1813) 208 The flax is always dew-rotted. a 1825
Forsy Voc. E. Anglia, Dew-retting, which is spreading
the crop on the grass, and turning it now and then to
receive the dew. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4)
I. 274 In Dorsetshire and the neighbourhood the flax
growers have generally adopted the practice of dew retting.
1849 Frul. KR. Agric. Soc. X. 1. 180 It takes perhaps six
weeks todew-ret hemp. 1877 .V./1’, Linc. Gloss., Dew-rated,
said of flax, which is retted on the ground, not by steeping
in water.
Dewry, obs. form of Dowry.
Dews, -e, obs. form of DEUCE.
Dewsant, var. DevsAN Ods., a kind of apple.
Dew-snail (diz‘snzl). Ods. exc. dial. [f. Dew
sb. + SNAIL] Aslug. (So called from appearing
while the dew is on the herbage.)
-1848 Tuomas /tal. Gram., Lumaca, the dewe snayle that
hath no house. 1611 Corcr., Limace, (properly) the dew
Snaile, or Snaile without ashell. 1699 Ronrrts Voy. Levant
15 All the sustenance we had there was three Dew snails,
and some Roots. 1725 Brapiey Ham. Dict. s.v. Diseases
of Trees, Vhose Animals call'd Earwigs and Dew-snails, eat
the finest Fruits on the Trees. 1783 Ainswortu Lat, Dict,
(Morell) 1, Lémax, A snail, a dew-snail, or slug. 1880
W. Cornwall Gloss. s. v., As slippery as a dew-snail. 1888
Etwortny W, Somerset Word-bk., Dew-snail, the large
black slug.
+Dewtry. Ods. Forms: 6-7 deutroa, 7
deutro, doutro, doutry, dutry, dutra, deutery,
7-8 dewtry. [From Western Indian vernacular
forms of Skr. dhatidéra, DATURA: e.g. Marathi
dhutra, dhotra, dialectally dhutvo.] The Thorn-
apple, Datura Stramonium, and other Indian
species of the genus; a drug or drink prepared
from this, employed to produce stupefaction.
1598 W. Puttuirs tr. Linschoten 60 (Y.) An hearbe called
Deutroa, which beareth a seede, whereof bruising out the
sap, they .. give it to their husbands, eyther in meate or
drinke, and presently therewith the Man is as though hee
were halfe out of his wits. 1662 J. Davies tr. M/andelslo’s
Trav. 104 A drug which..stupefies his senses... The Indians
call this herb Doutro, Doutry, or Datura. 1678 Butler
Hud. 1. i. 321 Make lechers and their punks, with dewtry,
Commit phantastical advowtry. 1691 SHADWELL Scow7ers
v, Some rogue that had a mind to marry me gave me deutery
last night. 1696 Ovincton Voy, Swratt 235 (Y;) Mixing
Dutra and Water together to drink..which will intoxicate
almost to Madness. 1698 Fryer Acc. £. India § P. 33
They give her Dutry; when half mad she throws herself
into the Fire, and they ready with great Logs keep ker in
his Funeral Pile. a171x Ken //ymnothco Poet. Wks. 1721
III. 192 As Indian Dames, their Consorts to abuse, Dewtry
by Stealth into their Cups infuse.
Dew-worm (di#wiim). [f Dew sb. +
Worm. OE. deaw-wyrm, Du. dauwworm, are
known only in the sense ‘ring-worm’; E.Fris,
dauwurm is ‘ earth-worm’ and ‘ring-worm’; Da.
dugorm a dew-snail’.] ‘The common earth-worm ;
in OE. a name of the disease ring-worm. ;
cx1000 Sax. Leechd. I. 122 Wid..deaw wyrmum genim
doccan odde clatan. 1599 Marston Sco. Villanie 1. vil. 206
Cling’d so close, like deaw-worms in the morne, 1653
Watron Angler 92 The Dew-worm which some call the
Lob-worm. 1675 Teonce Diary (1825) 83 Earth.. like that
which dew-wormes throe up. 1829 Sporting Mag. XXIIL.
222 The small dew-worm is an excellent bait. 1875 M. G.
Pearse Daniel Quorm 27 Like to a dew-worm that hears
youa comin’ an’ starts back into his hole in a minute. 1875
SronEHENGE’ Brit. Sports. 1. v. § 3. 312 The dew-worm, or
large garden-worm..six to twelve inches in length.
Bewy (divi), a. [OE. déawzg, f. déaw Dew:
see -y, Not recorded in ME. ; prob. formed anew
in Mod. (Ch. MHG. ouwec, Ger. thauig,
Eng.
Sw, dag eens
DEWY.
1. Characterized by the presence of dew, abound-
ing with am ; covered or wet with dew.
@ 1000 Cardmon's Exod. 344 (Gr.) Gupcyste onprang deawi:
sceaftum, ay, Lo. Berners ages M. Aurel. (1546)
Sijb, After the night cometh the dewy mornyng. 1579
Srenser po Cal. May 316 The deawie night now dot
nye. 1667 Mitton P. L. 1. 743 From Noon to dewy Eve.
1699 Pomrrer Past, Ess. Death Q. Mary 4 He Cos-
melia -——e on the dewy _ . 1762 FAtconer Shipwr.
1. Decking with countless gems the dewy lawn, 1834
Hr. Martineau Demerara iv. 48 However dewy the evening,
she must stand in the grass. 1893 Westm. Gaz 15 July 2/1
Water-hens were hurriedly — dewy slugs.
b. Affected by the influence of dew.
1725 Pore Odyss. xvu. 688 The sun obliquely sho. nis
dewy ray. 1792 S. Rocers Pleas. Mem. 1. 215 Twilights
dewy tints deceived his eye. 1795 Soutnuy Joan of Arc
vu. 133 O’er the landscape spread The dewy light. 1833
Hr. Martineau Cinnamon & P. iii. 42 The dewy radiance
ofa morning in paradise. _ .
2. transf. Wet or moistened, as with dew. In
Bot. Appearing as if covered with dew.
1577 B. Gooce Heresbach’s Husb. 1. (1586) 44b, Newe
grounde for Meddowe. .take such as is ritche, dewye, levell,
or a little hanging. 1590 Spenser /. Q. un. ii. 34 And her
faire deawy eles with kisses deare Shee ofte did bathe.
1853 Lyncu Sel/-/mprov. ii. 40 His eye..will be clear and
calm, and sometimes dewy. 1856 Miss Yonce Daisy Chain
1. xxiv. (1879) 250 Pulling of} t had
become very dewy.
3. Of the nature or quality of dew,dew-like, moist.
c100o Sar. Leechd. 11. 258 Para breosta bib deawiz
watung swa swa sie zespat. 1563 W. Futke Meteors
ee) 36b, Already resolved into dewy drops of rayne. 1594
HAKS. Nich. [/1, v. iii. 283, I would these dewy teares
were from the ground. 1598 FLorio, Nebdiarel/a, a deawie
exhalation, thinner then a cloud. 1635 Swan Sec. AM. vi.
§ 2 (1643) 197 Sea-water, when it is boyled, doth evaporate
a dewie or waterie humour. 1650 W. BroucH Sacr. Princ.
(1659) 124 What is my deawy sweat to Thy bloody agony.
1794 Mrs. Rapcuirre Myst. Udolpho iv, The vales below
were still wrapped in dewy mist.
4. Of dew, made or consisting of dew. Poetic.
1820 Keats /sabella xxiv, Ere the hot sun count His
dewy rosary on the eglantine. 1821 SHettey Music 15 When
the hot noon has drained its dewy cup. 1827 Hoop J/ids.
Fairies \xxix, The buds were hung with dewy beads.
5. fig. Likened in some quality to dew, dew-
like; falling gently, vanishing, as the dew. foettc.
1611 W, Sciater Key (1629) 188 Those é¢inepo, diary
dewy Christians, whose goodnesse is dissipate as soone as
euer the Sunne beholds it. 1667 Mitton P. LZ. 1x. 1044 Till
dewie sleep ( spores d them. a 1670 Hacker Af, Williams
1. (1692) 144 Some of their Ministers that were softened with
the dewy drops of his tongue. 1791 Cowrer /liad 11. 41
Awaking from thy dewy slumbers. 1830 TENNyson Ode to
Memory i, Swengthen me, enlighten me !.. Thou dewy dawn
of memory.
6. Comb. (poetic).
-dark, -fresh, -warm, etc.
dewy-eyed, -feathered, -pinioned, -swarded, etc.
OE. had déawiz-federe = dewy-pinioned.
a1o00 Caedmon's Gen. 1984 (Gr.) Sang se wanna fugel,
deawiz-federa. — E.vod. 163. 1632 MiLton Penseroso 146
Entice the dewy-feathered sleep. 1730-46 THomson Autumn
ee The dewy-skirted clouds Palibe the sun. 1777 Exiz.
yves Poems 36 Dewy-pinioned twilight’s shadowy reign.
1796 I. Townsenp Poems 69 Some dewy-feather’d herald
send. 1820 Keats /sadella xxxviiyJts eyes..all dewy bright
with love. 1832 Tennyson (none 47 Aloft the mountain
lawn was dewy-dark, And dewy-dark aloft the mountain
pine. 1833 — Poems 40 Upon the dewy-swarded slope.
1842 — Gardener's Dau. 45 ‘The fields between Are dewy-
fresh. 1847 — Princ. 1.93 Green gleam of dewy-tassell'd
trees. 1864 — En. Ard. 611 November dawns and dewy-
glooming downs. — ™
Dewy, ME. inf. of Dew vz.
Dewyce, -ys, -yss(e, obs. ff. Devicr, DEVISE.
Dewzin, var. Devusan Ods., a kind of apple.
Dexe, dext, obs. forms of Desk.
Dexiocardia (de:ksijoka‘1dia). Path. [a. Gr.
defid-s on the ss i side + «apdia heart.} An
anomaly of development in man in which the
heart is on the right side; sometimes applied to
cases in which the heart is displaced to the right
side in consequence of disease.
1866 T. B. Peacock Malformations of Heart 1 Tri
sition, Dexiocardia..when the heart is placed in a position
on the right side eee that which it should
occupy on the left, 1875 Haypen Dis. Heart 105 Hope has
also noted, in a case of dexi dia, the exi of systol
murmur, which ceased on the return of the heart to its
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex.
normal position.
Dexiotrope
the spectacles t'
a. adverbial, as dewy-bright,
(derksijotrdup), a. [f. Gr. defud-s
on or to the right +-rpomos turning.] =next.
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dexiotrope,a term signifying turn-
ing or turned to the right, as the spire of some shells.
pic (de:ksi,otrg*pik), a. [f. as prec.
+-10: ef, Gr. rpomucés having a turning, inclined.]
Turning or turned to the right: said _— of those
‘reversed’ Gastropod Molluscs in which the spire
turns to the right ; opposed to /eiotropic.
The terms /eiotropic and dexiotropic as used by Ra
Lankester refer to the left and right sides of ‘he animai,
not of the spectator as is the case with dextral and sinis-
tral. Hence dexiotropic is the opposite of dextral:
bg ne Lankester in Encycl. Brit, XVI. 661 (Mollusca)
In rbis, which i sasiotsiple (as are a few other
or
P P ).
instead leiotropic, the osphradium is side
ra anon of uni ia — This
«the w lateral organs bein;
is. .what is found to be the case in all ‘ reversed’
b. parasynthetic, as
800
+ Dexter, s/. Olds. rare. [app.:—OE. *dea-
estre, estre, degstre, {. deagian to Dyx: cf.
YESTER.] A dyer.
14.. Pueritia vel Infancia Christi in Horstmann
Altengl. . (1878) 119/2 A dyer yn hys he stode. . Pe
dexter on Jhesu dede calle: Knowst pou owte of mystere?
Jbid. 613 Pe dexter toke vp a fyre-brond.
Dexter (<e'ksta), a. (sb. and adv.) [a. L. dexter
on the right hand or right side, right, a compara-
tive form from root dex- cognate with Gr. defids,
and Goth, ¢athswa, Skr. daksha, daksh-ina, from
a primitive form *dekswo-.]
A. adj. 1. Belonging to or situated on the right
side of a person, animal, or object worn on the
body; right; esp. in Her. the opposite of SINISTER.
The dexter side of a person, animal, shield, etc., is to the
fe of the spectator facing it, which is important in
eraldry : see quot. .882.
1562 Leich Armorie (1597) 64 b, Seing you call this a
Bende Sinister, wherfore did you not ee the other dexter
bend? Because it is knowne to all .. if it bee named a bend
and no more to be a bende dexter. 1572 BosseweL.
Armorie i. 2 b, At the Dexter angle of the shielde. 1600
Dymmox /reland (1843) 3 There was loste in the retreyte
of the dexter winge of the forlorne hope, capten Boswell.
1 Lond. Gaz. No. 4110/4 A Dexter Hand holding a
ranch of Acorns. 1762 FaLconer Shifwr. 1. 766 The im-
perial trident graced her dexter hand. or Brownixc Poets
Croisic cxv, [He] pressed to heart His dexter hand. 1882
Cussans Handbk. Her. 45 The right-hand side .. [of the
shield] would be towards the left of a spectator; and ina
representation of a coat of arms, that part of the shield
which appears on the /e/t side is called the Dexter, and that
on the right, the Sinister.
Jig. 1581 Maxseck Bk, of Notes 270 Aristotle in Politices,
admonisheth that men which haue learned to do sinister
things, ought not be compelled to doe thinges dextere.
+b. Situated on the side which is to the right
of the spectator. Ods.
1674 JEAKE Arith, (1696) 210 The dexter Figure of the
Quotient shall be Primes.
+c. Of omens: Seen or heard on the right side ;
hence, auspicious, favourable, propitious. Ods.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud Ep. ww. v. 191 Sinister and
dexter respects, 1676 Hosses //iad (1677) 203 This said,
an eagle dexter presently Flew over them. 1715-20 Pore
Iliad xu. 1039 On sounding wings a dexter eagle flew.
d. Belonging to the right hand ; right ; straight-
forward, fair. rare.
21734 Nortu Exam. uu. vii. § 53 (1740) 542 The managers
of these Petitions used all Manner of Arts, dexter and
sinister, to gain People’s Hands or Marks.
= Dexrrrous. Obs.
1597 Lowe Chirurg. (1634) 320 A man of great learning |
and experience, most fortunate and dexter in this operation.
1622 F. Marxuam Bk. War 11. i. § 6. 43 He is. more swift,
more dexter, and more seruiceable. 1659 TorRiANo, /iero,
nimble, lively, dexter either of body or mind.
B. sé. The right (hand or side).
1814 Cary Dante, Paradise xv. 18 The horn That on the
dexter of the cross extends. : ;
C. adv. On the right side, to the right.
1715-20 Pore Odyss. xv. 184 The bird majestic flew Full
dexter to the car. /ééd. 573 Yon bird that dexter cuts the
aérial road, Rose ominous.
D. Comb. Dexterways, -wise, on the right
side, to the right.
1610 Guittim Heraldry ww. xiv. (1611) 224 Foure speares
in bend garnished with Penoncels dexterwaies.
+Dexte'rical, az. [irreg. f. L. dexter (see
prec.) + -IC + -AL.] Dexterous, adroit, skilful.
1607 WaALKINGTON Oft. Glass (N.), Those have most dex-
terical wits. /did. 27 It is called .. the right hand of the
minde, because it makes any conceit dexterical. 1644 But-
wer Chiron. 10 A smirke, quick and dextericall wit.
+ Dexte‘rious, a. Ods. A 17th c. variant of
DEXTEKOUS.
x Symmer Sfir. Posie 1. iv. 15 His dexterious_his-
trionicall acting of his part. 1644 Butwer Chirol. 1 Which
if it once grow dexterious 7 habituall theeving. /éfd. 179
To scrape and get by such dexterious endeavours.
Cloria & Narcissus 1, 248 By his dexterious valour.
+ Dexteriously, adv. Obs. [see prec.] A 17th
c. variant of DEXTEROUSLY,
160r Suaxs. Trvel. N. 1. v.66 Ol. Can you do it? Cla,
Dexteriously, good Madona. 1605 Bacon Adv, Learn. u.
xxii. § 15 [The Sophist) he calleth Left-handed, because
with all his rules..he cannot form a man so Dexteriously..
- a = do. fag SE plprae indent . 1 be 28
‘0 is well, and dexteriously. . HAWKINS
Youths Belo 102 Dexterious! .
Dexterity (dekstecriti). [ad. L. dexteritas,
f. dexter: see above and -iry. Cf. F. dexterité
(1539 in Hatz.-Darm.), the immediate source.]
1, Manual or manipulative skill, adroitness, neat-
handedness ; hence, address in the use of the limbs
and in bodily movements =<. r
1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par. Pref. (R.), A prince .. of
inuincible fortitude, of notable actiuitee, of dexteritee woon-
ly, quickly.
derfull. 1578 T. N. tr. Cong. W. India They have
great dexteritie and skill 1 swimming. 1 ARRARD Art
Warre 2 Able to handle his Peece with due dexteritie.
1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 107 A Chirurgian when he
eth incision .. had need to use great dexteritie. 1703
Moxon Mech, Exerc. 214 Some Turners to shew their Dex-
terity in Turni: -» Tum long and slender Sprign of 3 ,
as small y-stalk. Guson Decl, & F. i. (1838)
I. 12 Mo capeve vin thom tee pete of strength or
dexterity. Macautay //ist. Eng. 1. 382 His dexterity
ot pec aah edad tan tienen sana men.
DEXTEROUS.
2. Mental adroitness or skill ; ‘readiness of ex-
pedient, quickness of contrivance, skill of manage-
ment ’ (J.); cleverness, address, ready tact. Some-
times in a bad sense: cleverness in taking an
advantage, sharpness. ;
1527 Chron. Calais (Camden 1846) 114 (Stanf.) Expedyente
that she by her greate wisdom dexteryte do cause the
kyng her sonne to write to such card as be at lyberte.
¢ 1529 Wotsey in Ellis bist Lett, Ser. 1. 11. 8 Aftyr
accustomable jom dexteryte. 1549 C Moot.
ee es Serene , Numa ius. .for
is prudens ande dixtirite. 1§98 Suaks. Merry W.1v v.120
My admirable dexteritie of wit. 1647 CLarenvon Hist. Red.
yu. (1703) IL, 467 The dexterity that is uni y, i
in those ti Bramuact Reflic. iv. 177 Persons of
maturity of judgement, of known dexterity in the
non Laws. 1677 Gate Crt. Gentiles 11. 111.99 Al manner
of Calliditie or dexteritie to cheat and deceive. 1732 Ber-
KELEY Alcifhr, v. § 15, 1 admire his address and Satecty
in argument. 1 Syp. Smitu Plymiley's Lett. Wks.
zBs9) II. 161/1 It is not.. that the dexterity of
nglishmen will ever equal the dexterity of French knaves.
1874 Green Short Hist. vii. § 6. 404 Elizabeth trusted to
her dexterity to keep out of the storm, 4
+b. wath pl. A dexterous or clever act ; in bad
sense, a piece of ‘ sharp practice’. Ods. Z
1577-87 oLinsHED Chron. I11. 1104/2 Being acquainted
with the citizens, knowing the corruptions and dexterities of
them in such cases, 1621 G. Hetuier in Lismore Papers
CE et ae Come Ade ies I brass yne t <a
BY . Botton Com/. Affi. Conse. iv. 1 n i
law, besides other dexterities. 1805 Foster Ess. ~ 92
All these accommodating dexterities of reason.
+3. Handiness, conveniency, suitableness. Ods.
1611 Corvat Crudities Oration 5 He. . lieth .. for the
commodity of his studies, and the —— of his life. 1614
T. Avams Devils Banguet 18 A full bell:
dexteritie for the Deuils imployment, as a full ¥
4. dit. Right-handedness ; the using of the right
hand in preference to the left. rare and Jate.
a 1882 Lancet \O.), Dexterity appears to be confined to the
human race, for the monkey tribes use the right and left
limbs indiscriminately. Science V. June 460 In the
drawings of the cave-men of France. .the proportion of left-
hand drawings is greatly in excess of what would now be
found; but there is still a distinct pre of the
right hand, which, however originated, has sufficed to deter-
mine the universal dexterity of the whole historic period.
1891 D. Witson Right —s To determine the prefer-
ence for one hand over the r, and so to originate the
prevalent law of dexterity. ‘
exterous, dextrous (de'kstéras, de“kstras),
a. Also 7 Dexrertous. [f. L. dexter, dextr- right,
handy, dexterous, dextra the right hand + -ovs.
If an analogous word had been formed in L., it
would have beer dextrésus; hence dextrous (cf.
sintstrous) is the more lar form ; but dexterous
appears to prevail in 19th c. prose.]
+1. Situated on the right side or right-hand ;
1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. xv. § 2 The Art..is
that 1s, not dexterous to be applyed to the serious vse
businesse occasions.
38. Deft or nimble of hand, ntat-handed ; hence
skilful in the use of the limbs and in bodily move-
ments generally. aa Sint i
Cow ey Davideis tv. swift, so strong, so dex-
eae beside. 1650 Fuius Piagoh 1. 423 Though skil-
full in the Math II. .so di in the | part.
1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 1. 570 The dext’rous Huntsman
wounds not these afar. 76 Ganace Deel. 4 F. 1. xviii. 483
He was a dextrous archer. 1801 Sourney 77 Mi. xviii,
With dexterous fingers. 1828 Jas. Mitt Brit. /ndia I...
i. 13 The flagellants in India are said to be so as
to kill a man with a few strokes of the chawbuck.
4, Having mental adroitness or skill; skilful or
—_ in contrivance or t ; clever.
Manze tr. Aleman’s Guzman PAY, uu. * * iva, As
dextrous in Letters as disciplin'd in Armes. Futter
Holy § Prof. St. w. ix. 281 Generally the most dex-
terous in spirituall matters are left-handed in temporall
1672 Marvett. Reh. Transp. 1. 194 A dex-
terous Scholastical Di t. @xzzo Suerrietp (Dk.
Buckhm.) Wés. (1753) Il. 25 To which, that dextrous
Minister ied somethi haughtily. Le de om
8s
Greece IV. A dexterous politician .
a Sours Doctor clxxiv. (1862) 457 She was devout
i ion, d .d in_ business.
Eusebius *
to subscribe
(1823) : 332 Ward .. was a very dexterous man if not too
ere ; ul, clever.
for us. . Ina fine dextrous
hee ‘Surrn Ws. (1859) 1. 115/2 An
uninterrupted series of dexterous uct.
6. Using the right hand in preference to the left ;
ghhbanded. In mod. Dicts. =
a a a
DEXTEROUSLY.
Dexterously, de‘xtrously, adv. [f. prec.
+-LY%, (Seealso Dexrertousty.)] 1. Ina dex-
terous manner, with dexterity; adroitly, cleverly.
a. With manual dexterity. :
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep.1v.v.191 Many women, and
some men, who though they accustome sacpetvos untoeither
hand, do dexterously make use of neither. 1659 B. Harris
Parival’s Iron Age 139 And so neately, and dexterously
retorted the ball. 1685 bons Effects of Mot. ix. 109 A glass
being dextrously inverted and shaken. 1766 Gotpso. Vic. W.
xxvii, Observing the manner in which I had disposed my
books..he very dextrously displaced one of them. 1856
Kane Arct. Expl. 11. xv. 163 So dexterously has this
thrust to be made.
b. With mental dexterity.
1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. -viii. § 2 The good parts he
hath he will..use..dexterously. 1648 Boye Seraph. Love
vi. (1700) 42 The Condition of Lovers .. so dexterously and
delightfully described. 1699 BentLey Pha. 287 He explains
very dextrously..the expression of Phalaris. 1798 FERRIAR
Illust. Sterne, Eng. Hist. 248 The small chasms of private
history are so dextrously supplied. 1849 Macautay //ist.
Eng. 11. 24 Dexterously accommodating his speech to the
temper of his audience. 1856 Dove Logic Chr. Faith
Introd, §-6. 23 Scepticism dextrously fights one department
against the other.
2. With the right hand. rare.
1830 Blackw. Mag. XXVIII. 888 We often stand .. dex-
terously, and sinistrously fingering the string.
[f. as
De‘xterousness, de’xtrousness.
prec, +-NESS.] The quality of being dexterous or
adroit in mind or body; dexterity.
1622 Masse tr. Aleman’s Guzman d'Alfar. u. **va,
The modesty and dextrousnes of his style. 1674 tr.
Scheffer's Lapland xxvi. 124 Olaus Magnus..wonderfully
extols their dextrousness herein. 1677 W. Hussarp Nar-
vative 66 The subtlety and dexterousness of these Natives.
1866 Mrs. Wuitney L. Goldthwaite ix. (1873) 153 With dex-
trousness and pains and sacrifice.
Dextrad (de‘kstréd), adv. anda. [f. L. dextra
right hand + -ad suffix proposed by Barclay in sense
toward.| ‘To or toward the right side of the body ;
dextrally.
1803 J. Barcray New Anatomical Nomencl. 165-6 The
new terms by a gee a of termination, may be used adver-
bially.. Dextrad will signify towards the dextral aspect.
1882 Witper & Gace Anatom. Technol. 27 Barclay pro-
osed that the various adjective forms should be converted
into adverbs by substituting for the ending -ad the letters
-ad, the Latin equivalent of the English -ward. ‘Thus
dorsal, ventral, dextral, sinistral, and lateral become
dorsad, ventrad, dextrad, sinistrad, and laterad. 1883
Syd. Soc. Lex., Dextrad aspect.
[f. L. dextra right
Dextral (dekstral), a.
hand + -au. Late L.has dextralis, dextrale as sbs.]
1. Situated on the right side of the body; right,
as opposed to deft.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. v. 188 Which should
hinder the Liver from enabling the dextrall parts. 1794
Maruias Purs, Lit. iv. 452/Throw wide that portal ; let no
Roman wait, But march with Priestly through the dextral
gate. pe
+b. Of omens: Auspicious, favourable. Ods.
1774 Poetry in Ann. Reg. 203 No eastern meteor glar’d
beneath the sky, No dextral omen,
2. Conchol. Of a gastropod shell: Having the
spire or whorl ascending from left to right (i.e. of
the external spectator), which is the prevalent form.
1847 Craic, s. v., A dextral shell in mostly all univalves,
has its turns or convolutions fromleft to right when place:
in a perpendicular position. 185x RicHarpson Geol. viii. 241
In the first instance the shell is termed dextra/; in the latter
it is called sinistral or reversed. 1854 Woopwarp Mollusca
(1856) 46 Left-handed, or reversed, varieties of spiral shells
have been met with in some of the very common species,
like the whelk and garden snail. Bzudimus citrinus is as
often sinistral as dextral. 1866 Tate Brit. Mollusks iii. 45
When the aperture of the shell is on the right-hand side
it is said to be dextral. :
Dextrality (dekstre'liti). [f prec. + -rry.]
1. The condition of having the right side differ-
ing from the left.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. v. 187 If there were a
determinate prepotency in the right .. wee might expect the
same in other animals, whose parts are also differenced by
dextrality. /did. 191 This doth but peti{tiJonarily inferre
a dextrality in the heavens. i
2. The use by preference of the right hand, and the
limbs of the right side generally ; right-handedness.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 1v. v. 187 Did not institu-
tion, but Nature determine dextrality, there would be many
more Scevolaes then are delivered in story. 1881 Le Conte
Monoc. Vision of There is no doubt that dextrality affects
the whole side of the body.
+ De e,v. Obs. rare. [f. DEXTRAL a.
+-1zE.] trans. Tomakea‘ right’ hand or ‘ right”
side of ; hence to use in preference to the other.
165r Biccs New Disp. P 196 Dextralize and preferre it
before their laxatives. ;
Dextrally (de‘kstrili), adv. [f. Dexrrat a.
+ -LY*.] In a dextral way or direction; to the
right, as opposed to the left.
188 Le Conte Monoc. Vision 19 To rotate it on its axis
outward, i.e. dextrally—or like the hands of a watch. 1883
Fourn. Bot. Brit. §& For. 237 The spathes. .are rolled up in-
ifferently either way—either dextrally or sinistrally—in
about equal numbers.
e (de‘kstrzin). Chem. [f. L. dextra
right hand + -aNz.] An amorphous dextro-rota-
tory gummy substance C, H,, O,, found in unripe
301
beet-root, and formed in the lactic fermentation of
sugar.
Dextrer(e,dextrier: see DesTRER, a war-horse.
Dextrin (de‘kstrin). Chem. Also (/ess cor-
rectly) -ine. [a. F. dextrine, f. L. dextra right-
hand: see -IN. Named by Biot and Persoz in
1833, from the optical property mentioned below.
1833 Bior & Persoz in Ann. de Chimie et de Physique
[2] lil. 72 Nous la nommons dextrine, pour la designer par
le caractére spécial que lui donne le sens et l’energie de son
pouvoir rotatoire.] i 5 .
A soluble gummy substance into which starch is
converted when subjected to a high temperature,
or to the action of dilute alkalis or acids, or of
diastase. Called also British gum, and Letocome.
It has the same chemical composition as starch, but is not
coloured blue by iodine, and has the Property of turning the
plane of polarization 138-68° to the right; whence its name.
1838 T. THomson Chem. Org. Bodies 653 Amidin..caused
a deviation of the rays to the right, about three times as
great as common sugar—a deviation which is sensibly the
same with that of his [M. Biot’s] dextrine. 1838 Ann. Reg.
374 List of patents, For improvements in the manufacture
of dextrine. 1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem, II. 313 Dextrin
is an uncrystallizable, solid, translucent substance having
the aspect of gum arabic..It is employed ..for the adhesive
layer at the back of postage-stamps. 1870 BentLey Bot. 29
If starch be exposed to heat for a prolonged period it is
converted into a solid gummy substance, called dextrin or
British gum.
Dextro-, combining form of L. dexter, dextra,
used in the sense ‘ (turning or turned) to the right’,
in physical and chemical terms, chiefly having
reference to the property possessed by certain
substances of causing the plane of a ray of polar-
ized light to rotate to the right. Among these are:
a. Dextrogyre (de‘kstro,dzair1) a. [L. gyrus, Gr.
yopos circuit], gyrating or circling to the right.
Dextrogyrate a.[L. gyrdt-us, pa. pple. of gyrare
to wheel round], characterized by turning the
plane of polarization to the right, as a dextro-
gyrate crystal. Dextrogy‘rous a.= DEXTROGYRE.
Dextro-rota‘tion, rotation to the right. Dextro-
rotatory a., having or producing rotation to the
right ; dextrogyrous.
b. Dextro-co‘mpound, a chemical compound
which causes dextro-rotation. Dextro-glu‘cose,
the ordinary variety of GLUCOSE or grape-sugar,
DEXTROSE. Dextro-race’mic, Dextro-tarta'ric
acid, the modifications of racemic and tartaric acid
which cause dextro-rotation. Hence Dextro-
racemate, -tartrate, the salts of these.
a Harvey Mat. Med. 366 Called mycose, because
it is rather less dextrogyre than cane sugar. 1878 Foster
Phys. u. i. 197 The solutions of both acids have a dextro-
rotatory action on polarized light. 1882 Nature XXV. 283
With each electrode, diverging currents produce dextro-
and converging ones levo-rotation. 1883 Atheneunt 29
Dec. 871/1 The dextrorotatory and optically inactive gums.
1891 Lancet 3 Oct. 751 The dextro-rotatory tartaric acid.
b. 1853 Pharmac. Frni. XIII. 111 Pasteur discovered
that racemic acid is a compound of two acids, one of which
turns the plane of polarization of a ray of light to the right,
and the other to the left; he therefore called them Dextro-
racemic-acid and Levo-racemic-acid. Ibid. 112 A solution
of dextro-racemate of soda and ammonia. /ééd. 377 The
dextro-tartrate crystallizes out. 7 Watts Dict. Chem.
II. 855 Dextro-glucose occurs abundantly in sweet fruits,
frequently together with cane sugar. 1873 Howes’ Chen.
(ed. 11) 731 Dextrotartaric Acid is the acid of fruits.
Dextro'rsal, z. rare. [f. L. dextrorsum (see
next) +-AL.] (See quot.)
1828 Wenster, Dextrorsai, rising from right to left, as a
spiral line or helix.
Dextrorse (dekstrf1s), a. [ad. L. dextrorsum,
-sus, for dextrovorsum, -versum, turned to the
right.] Turned towards the right hand.
Used by botanists in two opposite senses. The earlier
authors, Linnzus, the De Candolles, etc., used it as=‘to
the right-hand of the observer’; modern botanists generally
use it as=‘to the right hand of the plant, or of a person
round whom the plant might be twining’, which is to the left
of the external observer.)
1864 in WessteR., 1880 Gray Struct. Bot. iv. § 2. 140
Direction of Overlapping. It may be to the right (dextrorse).
Dextrose (dekstrdus). Chem. [f. L. dexter,
dextra (see above), with the ending of glucose: see
-OSE 2,] The form of GiucosE which is dextro-
rotatory to polarized light ; dextro-glucose ; ordi-
nary glucose or grape-sugar.
1869 Roscoe Elem. Chem. 396 Dextrose, or right-handed
glucose. 1872 THupicHuM Che . Phys. 7 It polarises to the
Tight four times more intensely than dextrose sugar. 1878
. Foster Phys. (1879) App. 673 Dextrose is soluble in
alcohol, but insoluble in zther.
Dextrous: see DexrErous.
Dey | (dé). Obs. exc. dial. Forms: 1 deze,
3 daie, 4, 8 deie, 4-5 deye, 5-9 dey, 9 dai, dei
(dial.). [OE. dége, corresp. to ON. deigja, maid,
female servant, house-keeper (whence Sw. deja
dairy-maid) :~OTeut. *datg7én, from ablaut-stem of
the vb. (in Gothic) deigan, daig, dig-un, digan-, to
knead; whence Goth. daigs, OE. dag, déh, dough.
imiti ing ‘ kneader’, ‘ er of bread’ =
in ON. and in early ME.
The p
pears in OE. in the first quotation ;
DEY-HOUSE.
we find the wider sense of ‘female servant’, ‘woman em-
ployed in a house or farm’. Cf. also ON. bi-deigya (bi,
house, household) and mod. Norw. 6u-deia, seter-deia,
agtar-deia. The same word, or a cognate derivative of
the same root, is understood to form the second element in
OE. hlafitge, hlefdige now Lavy. See also Dairy.)
. A woman having charge of a dairy and things
pertaining to it; in early use, also, with the more
general sense, female servant, maid-servant. Still
in living use in parts of Scotland.
azo00 Ags. Gloss. in Wr.-Wiilcker 277/2 Pristris [for pis-
trix) deze. a1087 Record of Contract in Earle Land-
Charters 268 Her swutelad. + Godwigz se bucca heefd zeboht
Leofgife ba dagean wt nordstoke .. mid healfan punde at
fElsize abbod to ecan freote. [1086 Domesday Bk. lf. 180 b,
[In Biseley, Worcestershire] Ibi viij inter servos & ancillas &
vaccarius & daia.] c1200 7rin. Coll. Hom. 163 He awlencd
his daie mid clodes more pan him seluen. ¢1325 Poem Times
Edw. I. 81 in Pol. Songs (Camden) 327 And leveth thare
behinde..A serjaunt and a deie that leden a sory lif. ¢ 1386
Cuaucer Nun's Pr. 7. 26 She was as it were a maner deye.
14.. Lat. & Eng. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 563/42 Anadrogia, a
deye. bid. 564/6 Androchia,adeye. 1483 in Cath. Angl,
16.. in Maidment Sc. Pasguzls (1868) II. 262 An old dey
or dairy maid at Douglas Castle. 1721 Ramsay 70 Gay xvii,
Dance with kiltit dees, O’er mossy plains. c 1820 Lizie Lind-
say in Child Badlads vin. (1892) §24/1 My father he is an old
shepherd, My mither she is anold dey. /dzd. ‘To the house
0’ his father's milk-dey. 1863 Morton Cycl. Agric. Gloss.,
Dey (Perthsh.) a dairymaid. [1866 RKoGrers Agric. § Prices
I. ii. 14 This part of the medieval farm was under the
management of a deye, or dairy-woman.]
2. Extended to a man having similar duties.
(1351 Act 25 Edw. [11 (Stat. Labourers) Stat. 1. c. 1
Chescun charetter, Caruer, Chaceour des carues, Bercher,
Porcher, Deye, et touz autres servantz. 1363 Act 37 Edw. ///,
c. 14 Bovers, vachers, berchers .. Deyes, et touz autres gar-
deinz des bestes.] 1483 Cath. Angl. 94 A Deye (Dere, deire
A.); Androchius, Androchea, genatarius, genetharia. 1492
Will of Hadley (Somerset Ho.), William Bayly my dey.
1764 Burn Poor Laws g [citing 25 Ed. II1] Shepherds,
swineherds, deies and all other servants. 1770-4 A. HuNTER
Georg. Ess. (1803) III. 262 ‘Thus would the careful dai be
able on all occasions to observe the particular quality of
each individual cow’s milk. (Note. Dad or de/, in Aberdeen-
shire, denotes the person who has the superintendence of
a dairy, whether that person be male or female.)
3. Comb. Dey-girl, dey-maid, a dairy-maid.
Also DAY-HOUSE, -WIFE, -WOMAN.
1828 Scorr /*. A/, Perth xxxii, This happened so soon as
the dey-girl..was about to return.
|| Dey 2 (dé). Forms: 7 dye, dij, dei, 7-9 dey,
[a. F. dey, Turkish (slo daz ‘maternal uncle’.
also ‘a friendly title formerly given to middle-aged
or old people, esp. among the Janissaries; and
hence in Algiers appropriated at length to the com-
manding officer of that corps ’.]
The titular appellation of the commanding officer
of the Janissaries of Algiers, who, after having for
some time shared the supreme power with the
pasha or Turkish civil governor, in 1710 deposed
the latter, and became sole ruler. There were also
deys at Tunis in the 17th c., and the title is found
applied to the governor or pasha of Tripoli.
‘The title of dey was not lately used at Algiers: the
sovereign was styled pacha and effendi; the Moors called
him Baba “ Father” (Penny Cycl. 1833).
1659 B. Harris Parivals Iron Age 294 General Blake ..
set sayl for Tunnis, where he fired a castle, and nine ‘Turk-
ish ships in Portferino, upon the disdainful refusal of the
Dye of that place, to give satisfaction. 1676 Lond. Gaz.
No. 1102/1 The late Dey of Tripoli being fled, those People
have made choice of Mustaphe Grande to succeed him.
1678 Drypen Limberham 1. 1, By corrupting an Eunuch,
[he] was brought into the Seraglio privately, to see the Dye’s
Mistress. 1679-88 Secr. Serv. Money Chas. 11 §& Fas. IT
(Camden) 91 Sent, the one to the Alcade of Alcazar, the
other to the Dij of Algiers. 1688 Lond. Gaz. No. 2313/1
The Dey of Tunis sent his Grace the usual Present. 1833
Penny Cyc. I. 329/2 An insult offered cf Hassein Pacha,
the last dey, to the French consul in April 1827, induced the
French government to send an expedition..to take posses-
sion of Algiers..in June 1830. | 1843 /é/d. XXV. 366/2 Of
twenty-three deys who reigned [in Tunis], all were strangled
or otherwise assassinated, with the exception of five. During
these tumultuous times, the beys, who were the second
officers of that state, gained the influence, and eventually
the succession. 1847 Mrs. A. Kerr Hist. Servia 104 Of all
the Janissaries.. none were more opposed to the Sultan than
those at Belgrade.. Already did their commanders designate
themselves Bahis, after the example of the Deys of Barbary.
Dey, obs. f. Dix sd. and v.
+Dey-ar. Ods. [A transl. of AF. deye in Acts
of Edward III: see Dey! 2.] A dairy man.
1g.. transl. 37 Zaz. I//, c. 14 Oxherds, Cowherds, Shep-
herds, Deyars, and all other Keepers of Beasts. 1764 Burn
Poor Laws 1g (citing the same act).
Deyde, obs. form of Dap, Diep.
Deye, -en, ME. form of Diz v., Dx v.
Deye-nettle: see DEA-NETTLE.
Deyer, obs. form of DrEr.
Deyery, obs. form of Datry.
Deyfife, obs. form of Dear.
Dey-house (déihaus). Now /ocal. Forms:
4 deyhus, 6 dayhowse, deahouse, deyhowse.
[f. Dey! + Hovuse.] A dairy or dairy-house.
1342-74 Roll in Scriptores tres (Surtees) App. cxli, Item
unam stabulam et unum deyhus de Petynton. ?
Tykford Priory in Monast. Angilic. V. 206 On the northside
the gate is a howse called the dayhowse. 1565-73 CooreR
1547 Surv.
DEYITE.
Thesaurus, Casearia taberna..A dayhouse where cheese is
made. 1578 Lanc. Wills 111. 101 Item be ig to y®
deahouse xij pannes vij skelletes two ladles and a
scomer. 1825 Britton Beauties of Wiltsh, (E.D. S. 870),
Deyhouse, Da’us, —— a dairy, or room in which the
cheese is made. 1883 Core Hamfpsh. Gloss., Dey-hus.
1890 Glouc. Gl., Dey-house (pronounced dey’us), the p Aa
Deyite, obs. form of Derry. i
Deyl, -lle, obs. ff. Dotz, Doon, grief, mourning.
Deyle, deyll, obs. form of DzAt, part.
Deyme, obs. form of DEEM v.
Deyn, obs. Sc. variant of Dan!: see Den sé.
Deyn, for deyen, obs. inf. of Diz v., Dyx v.
Deyn, deyne, obs. ff. Dean sd.! and 2.
Deyne, obs. f. Deen v., var. of Dain sé., a.,
v., DIGNE, a.
1500-20 Dunsar Poems (1893) xlii. 28 To luke on me he
thocht greit deyne.
Deynous, obs. form of DEIGNous a.
Deynt, Deynte, -tie, Deynteous, Deynt-
eth, etc.: see Daint-.
Deype, obs. form of DEEP.
Deyr, deyre, obs. ff. Dear, DERE, hurt.
c1470 Henry Wadlace iv. 561 Wallace persauit his men
tuk mekill deyr.
Deyrie, -ry, obs. ff. Datry.
Deys, obs. f. Dice: see Dix sd,1
Deys, -e, Deysie, -sy, obs. ff. Dais, Daisy.
Deyship (déifip). [f. Dey?+-suip.] The
state or dignity of a Dey (of Algiers, etc.).
1704 J. Pitts Acc. Mahometans viii. (1738) 174 Succeeded
him in the Deyship. 1863 CHALLICE Deraes etc. Louis
AVI, 11. 20 He would have sent your Deyship a he-goat.
Deyster, obs. var. of DyEsTER, dyer.
Deyte, deyyte, obs. ff. Deity.
Deythe, Deyver, obs. ff. DeatH, Devore,
Deytron, obs. pl. DauGHTER.
+ Dey’-wife. 0ds. [f. Dey !.] A dairy woman.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. x1x. |xxiv. (1495) 904 Chese..
slydeth oute bytwene the fyngres of the Deye wyfe. 1530
Patscr. 212/2 Dey wyfe, meterie. 1547 SaLessury Welsh
Dict., Hanodwraic, deywyfe.
+ Dey'-woman. Ods. exc. dial. [f. Dey! +
Woman.] A dairy woman.
1588 Suaxs. Z. L. L. 1. ii. 136 For this Damsell I must
keepe her at the Parke, shee is alowd for the Day-woman.
1828 Scott F. AM. Perth xxxii, The dey or farm-woman
entered with her pitchers to deliver the milk for the family.
/bid., The warder .. averred he saw the dey-woman de-
part. 1890 Glouc. Gloss., Day-woman, Dairymaid.
Dezincation (dzzinkéi‘fon). [f. De- II. 1+
Zinc.] The removal or abstraction of zinc from an
alloy or composition in which it is present. So De-
zivnk v., De-zi'nked ///. a., De-zi‘nking 70/. s/.
1891 Eisster Metall. Argentiferous Lead 277 Abstrich
from dezincation of poor lead. 1892 W. Crookes Wagner's
Chem. Technol. 183-4 Zinkiferous poor lead for de-zinking.
.. The de-zinking can at once begin. .. The total de-zinking
process, from running the poor lead into the refining process
to letting off the de-zinked lead, requires..nine hours.
Dezincify, de (dézinkifai), v. [f.
De- Il 1 + Zinciry.] dans. To separate zinc
from an alloy or composition in which it is present.
Chiefly used in connexion with Parkes’ process for
desilverizing lead by means of zinc. Hence
Dezi'nkified //. a. ; also Dezincifica'tion.
1874 J. A. Puiturs Elem. Metallurgy 586 The dezincifi-
cation of the de-silverised lead is effected by the aid of
chloride oflead. 189 Eisster Metall. Argentiferous Lead
304 As only minute quantities of antimony are contained in
the lead, dezincification is sufficient. 1892 W. Crookes
Wagner's Chem. Technol. 181 The pan for the de-zinkified
poor lead.
Dezymotize (dizsi-métaiz), v. [f. De- Il. 1
+ ZyMor-Ic + -1ZE.] trans. To free from disease-
germs,
1884 Chr. World 31 July 578/3 Each [traveller] .. is to
‘ disinfect and dezymotise his own drinking water’,
Dgiahour, obs. form of Graour.
Dh- is not an English combination, but, in the
English spelling of East Indian words, is used to
represent the Indian dental sonant-aspirate, in the
Devanagari alphabet Y da, also the lingual or
cerebral sonant-aspirate @, more exactly written
dha. In earlier spelling by Europeans these sounds
were commonly represented by simple d, and in
the general rectification of this to ¢/, the latter has
been erroneously extended to several words having
simple & da dental or @ ga lingual, or to words
not really Indian, apparently under the notion that
an oriental appearance is given to a word by
spelling it with @2. Words thus erroneously spelt
with dh are dhooly, dhow, dholl, dhoney, dh(o)urra,
dhurrie.
|| Dhak (dhak). Also dhawk. Z. Znd. [Hindi
dhak.| An ¥ast Indian tree Butea frondosa, N.O.
pry growing in the jungles in many parts
“ dia, and noted for its brilliant flowers.
Con in Life (1873) 407 Note, Butea frondos
uaseed Ball, or DRAG. ce ies Fruk. (1828) Uy 487
802
The most common tree, or rather bush, in these fi is the
dhak. 1866 7yeas. Bot. 183 Dr. Hooker states that when in
full flower the Dhak tree is a gorgeous sight, the masses of
flowers resembling sheets of flame, their ‘bright orange-red
petals contrasting brilliantly against the jet-black rarer
calyx.’ The Dhak tree supplies the natives of India wit
several articles of a useful nature.
|| Dhal, var. of Dau Indian pulse.
|| Dharna, dhurna (dhvma). Z. Znd. Also
dherna. [Hindi dharnd placing, act of sitting in
restraint, f. Skr. dhy to place.]_ A mode of extorting
payment or compliance with a demand, effected by
the complainant or creditor sitting at the debtor’s
door, and there remaining without tasting food till
his demand shall be complied with; this action is
called ‘sitting in dharna’ or ‘sitting dharna’, and
the person on whom it is practised is said to be
‘put in dharna’,
€1793 Sir J. Snore in Asiat, Res. (1799) 1V. 332 The prac-
tice called tates {which] may _be coeulaed Caption, or
Arrest. 1824 Heber ¥rn/, (1828) 1. 433 To sit ‘dhurna’, . till
the person against whom it is employed consents to the re-
quest offered. 1837 /udian Penal Code Act xxv (1860) c. 22
§ 508 (Y.) A. sits dhurna at Z.’s door with the intention [etc.}
1842 W. Micestr. //ist. Hydur Natk 41 (Y.) His troops, for
want oftheir pay, placed himin Dhurna. 1844 H. H. Wiison
Brit, India 11.175 Detaining their commanders in the sort of
arrest termed dharna. 1875 Maine Hist. ust. 40 (Y.) The
institution is. .identical with one widely diffused throughout
the East, which is called by the Hindoos ‘ Sitting dharna’.
Dhatura, dhutoora, E. Indian forms o
Datura, DEWTRY.
1848 G. Wyatt Revelations of Orderly (1849) 16 A gang of |
poisoners .. rifling some travellers to whom they had ad-
ministered dhutoora. 1892 Daily News 5 Aug. 5/3 A pro-
fessional dhatura poisoner.
|| Dhobi (dhabi). 4. Zzd. Also dhobie, dhoby.
[Hindi 007, f. dhob washing, Skr. dhav- to wash.]
A native washerman in India. Also dhobi-man.
1860 W. H. Russet. Diary in India 1, 110 The ‘ dhoby-
man’ was waiting outside, and in a few moments made his
appearance—a black washerman, dressed in cotton. 1886
Yure Anglo-Ind. Gloss. 242/2 A common Hind. proverb
runs .. Like a dhoby’s dog belonging neither to the house
nor to the riverside. 1891 R. Kirtinc Plain Tales fr.
Hills 183 Adored by every one from the dhoby to the dog-
ry.
|| Dhole (dhl). Zool. [Origin unknown.
Given by Hamilton Smith in 1827, as the name ‘in various
ssh of the East’; but not included among the native
ndian names by Blanford (Fauna Snag h Ind. (1888),
Mammals 143), and unknown to Indian Scholars. (In
Canarese, /é/a is the wolf: can this be, through some con-
fusion, the source of dhole ?))
The wild dog of the Deccan in India,
1827 Cor. C. H. Smitn in E. Griffith Cuvier’s An.
Kingd. 11. 326 The Dhole, or Wild Dog of the East Indies,
is made like the Dingo, but the hairs of the tail are not
bushy. It is of a uniform bright red colour, and is found
in South Africa, and in various parts of the East, where it
is named Dhole. 1837 T, Bett Brit, Quadrup. in Penny
Cycl. 1X. 58/1 Of dogs in such a state of wildness..two
very remarkable ones are the Dhole of India and the Dingo
of Australia. 1866 Woop Pop. Nat. Hist. 1. 89 e
Kholsun, or Dhole as it is often called, of British India.
/bid. 90 The sanguinary contests between the Dholes and
their prey.
|| Dholl, = Dat, the Cajan pea, Indian pulse.
1878 E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene. vi. (ed. 5) 253 Mr. Cor-
nish mentions that in the Sepoy Corps, the men are much
subject to diarrhoea from the too great use of the ‘dholl’
(Cajanus indicus).
||Dhoney, doney (ddni). Also 6-7 doni,
tonee,tony. [ad. Tamil, 20nd (pronounced donz):
perh. a foreign word; cf, Pers. eo doni a yacht.
(Spelt donny bythe French writer Pyrard de la Val
¢1610.)] A small native sailing vessel of Southern
India,
1582 N. Licnerietp tr. Castanheda's Cong. E. Ind. \xi.
125 a, Coching, from when¢e they were minded to send the
Tone which carried the pepper, laden with merchandise.
1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blavk’s Trav. 70 Near to Zeilan,
where ey use flat-bottome boats, called Tune, because
they have little bottome. 1859 Tennent Cey/on II, 103 (Y.)
Amongst the vessels at anchor lie the dows of the Arabs,
the patamars of Malabar, the dhoneys of Coromandel. 1880
Standard 15 May 5/3 His Wardian cases will cumber the
decks of Arab dhows, Coromandel dhoneys. 1894 /onthiy
Cire. Lloyd's Reg., Abbreviations .. Dhy, Dhoney.
Dhooley, -lie, -ly, erron. ff. Dooxie, a litter.
Dhoop, erron. f. Doos an Indian grass.
|| Dhoti, dhootie (dhdwti, dhti), Also 7
duttee, 9 dote, dhotee, -ty, dhootie, dhooty.
[Hindi dhoti.] The loin cloth worn by Hindus ;
a long narrow cloth which is wound round the
body, passed between the thighs, and tucked in
under the waist-band behind.
1622 in W. N. Sainsbury Cad. State Papers E. Ind. (1878)
ILI. 24 (Y.) Price of calicoes, duttees fixed. 1810 T. Wit-
Liamson Vade Mecum 1, 247 (Y.) A dotee or waist-cloth. 1845
Srocqueter Handbk. Brit. Ind. (1854) 277 He must..leave
the house with nothing on but his gombong and dhootie.
1881 Manch, Guard. 18 Jan., aetna, dhooties, mulls and
jacconets are all very firm. 1883 F. M. Crawrorp J/7.
Zsaacs x. 203 Clad simply in a dhoti or waist-cloth. 1
Daily News 16 Nov. 3/1, I never remember seeing him in
anything but a delicate pink silk dhotee, 1894 Longm.
aes) 213 Ordi coolies dressed only in their ‘ dhotis’
or
DI-.
Dhourra, dhurra, = Dura, Indian millet.
|| Dhow, dow (dau). Also daou, daw. [Original
language own ; now in use all round the coast
of rabian Sea from Western India to E. Africa,
also on Lake Nyanza. The Marathi form is daw,
and the word exists in mod. Arabic as glo daw
(Johnson 1852). See Du-. “
if she wend Supe cccarsiog of ithe. 1975.5 Soe
Nikitin (India in 15th c., Hakl. Soc, 1858) be, as it appears
to be, the same word, it would tend to ize the word at
Ormus or Hormuz in the Persian Gulf.)
A native vessel used on the Arabian Sea, generally
with a single mast, and of 150 to 200 tons burden;
but the name is somewhat widely applied to all
Arab vessels, and has become especially well known
in connexion with the slave trade on the East coast
of Africa.
1802 Naval Chron. VIII. 255 A fleet of piratical Dows.
1803 /bid. 1X. 216 The navigation of the Red Sea is con-
fined to vessels which they call daous..They a single
square sail. 1809 Q. Rev. Aug. 108 At Mocha they hited
a dow, 1831 Tretawney Adv. Younger Son 1. 178 On
board a small and very singular craft, called a dow. 1860
Krarr Travels E. Africa 117, I left .. Takaungu ina small
boat, called a ‘ Daw‘ by the Suahilis. .the smallest sea-going
vessel. 1862 /é/ustr. Melbourne Post 26 July, The boats ..
captured a large number of slave dhows off the eastern
coast. Livincstone Zambesi Pref. 9 The general
effect is to drive the independent native chiefs to the Arab
dhow slave trade. 1875 Beprorp Sailor's Pock. Bk. vi.
(ed. 2) 227 The Slave Dhows on the East Coast of Africa are
specially rigged for running with the Monsoons. 1883 Bom:
bay Gazetteer X11. 717-8 \Y.) Dhau is a large vessel which
is falling into disuse .. Their origin is in the Red Sea, The
word is used vaguely, and is applied to-baghlas. 1886 YuLE
Anglo-Ind. Gloss. 243/1 Dhow, Dow. .used on the E. African
coast for craft in general; but in the mouths*of Englishmen
on the western seas of India it is applied specially to the old-
fashioned vessel of Arab build, with a long ‘grab’ stem,
i.e. rising at a long slope from the water, and about as
long as the keel, usually with one mast and lateen-rig.
See
Dhurrie, durrie (dvri). [Hindi dari.
Du-.] A kind of cotton carpet of Indian manufac-
ture, usually made in rectangular pieces with fringes
at the ends, and used for sofa-covers, curtains, and
similar purposes.
1880 Exior James J/ndian Industries iv. 19 Dhurries
are made in squares, and the ends often finished off with
fringe; the colours are not bright, but appear durable.
2891 Cores 7wo Girls on a Barge 21 Curtains to hang..
and dhurries to be draped over the fresh-scented pine of the
little cabins. /éid. 22 The dhurries to be arranged zsthe-
tically on either crosswise beam,
Di- (di, dai) pref.l, repr. L. d7-, reduced form
of dis-, used in L. before the consonants 4, d, g
(usually), /, m, 2, 7, 5 + cons., v, and sometimes
before 7, as in di-biicindre, di-diicére, di-gestio, di-
gressto, ae Sport di-jungére and dis-jungére,
di-latare, di-minudre, di-missio, di-numerare, di-
rectus, di-ruptio, di-spersus, di-stinguére,di-strictus,
di-vertére. Often changed back in late L. and
Romanic popular words to the full form dis-,
whence dismiss, disrupt; but in mod. Eng. era
ally di-. In OF. and ME. often varying with de-,
whence defer, demission sb.2, devise, from oat
dimissio, divisa, ‘Tis took place especially be-
fore a radical beginning with s + cons., where di-
was phonetically identified with @s-, and shared in
the alternation of dis-:—des- (Dx- 6, Dxs-, D1s-).
Thus in ME. desferse, destinct, destill, destrain,
destress for dis-; and per contra déspair, dispise,
dispite, dispoil, distroy for de-. For its force in
composition, see D1s-: it is not, like the latter, a
living prefix. The historical pronunciation in an
unstressed syllable is (di-); cf. divide, diversion,
diminish ; but in cases where there is a parallel
word in de-, as delate, dilate, it is usually pronounced
dai-) for the sake of distinction, and the present ten-
ency is to extend (dai-) to other words, as digest,
dilute, diluvium, diradiation, direct, diverge, di-
verse, divest. This seems due partly to analysis of
the compound, partly to the influence of
forms as dé:gest sb. divers, in which the z is long
and diphthongal.
Di- (dai, di), pref. 2, repr. Gr. 5:- for dis twice, as
in d¢yapos twicé married, di/yAwrros double-tongued,
bilingual, 8/3paxyos worth two drachmas, dinruxos
double-folded. Hence, 1. Entering into numerous
Eng. words, mostly technical, as dichromic, dicoty-
ledon, digamma, digamy, diglot, digraph, dilemma,
diphthong, diptych, distich, disyllable; also in the
nomenclature of Natural History as Diadelphia,
Diandria, Didelphia, Diptera: which see in their
alphabetical places. So in Ceysteliagenahy, as in
di-tetrahedron a crystal having twice four sides or
planes ; so di-hexahedron, etc.
2. Asa living prefix, used in Chemistry, with the
names of compounds and derivatives, in the general
sense ‘twice, double’, but with various special ap-
plications.
DI-.
a. With the names of classes of compounds, as
bromide, oxide, sulphide, cyanide, acetate, chlorate,
nitrate, sulphate, amide, amine, etc., expressing
the presence of two atoms or combining equi-
valents of the element or radical, as carbon dioxide
CO,, manganese dichloride Mn Cy, f
? In the earlier part of the 19th c. the use was different :
the Latin prefix 67. was then used, where d7- is now, to
express two proportions of the chlorous constituent, as in
bi-chloride of mercury =corrosive sublimate; while the Greek
di- was used to express two proportions of the basic consti-
tuent; thus calomel, when supposed to contain two of mer-
cury to one of chlorine, was called a di-chloride.
b. With the names of specific compounds (chiefly
organic), indicating a body having twice the for-
mula of a given compound ; used chiefly with the
names of hypothetical radicals, to indicate the free
state of these (supposed to be that of a double
molecule), as in di-allyl, dibenzyl, dicyanogen.
In diphenol, the use is less exact, since this substance has
not exactly the constitution of two molecules of phenol,
e, With the name (or combining form of the
name) of an element or radical, expressing the
presence of two atoms or molecules of that body,
as in dit-hydr(o)-, di-oxy-, di-carbon-, di- carb(o)-,
di-nitr(o)-, di-az(0)-, di-chlor.o)-, dt-brom(o)-, dt-
tod(o)-, di-sulph(o)-, di-phosph(o)-, di-bor(o)-, ai-
arsen(o)-, di-ammont(o)-, di-amm(o)-, di-amid(o)-,
di-cyan(o)-, di-methyl-, di-ethyl-, di-propyl-, di-
amyl-,di-allyl-. Used especially in organic chem-
istry, to indicate that two atoms or molecules of the
body take the place of two atoms of hydrogen, as
in dibromomethane, dichlorobenzene.
d. These formations (c) are sometimes used
attributively or adjectively as separate words, as
di-azo compounds, di-carbon series, di-phenyl
group. So with other adjectives, as dactd, dihydric,
diphentc,
e. On the preceding classes of words derivatives
are formed, as diazotize, diazotype, dichromated.
Di-, re/-8, the form of D1a- used before a vowel,
as in dt-acoustic, di-wrests, dt-ests, di-ocese, dt-optric,
di-orama.
Dia-, /7¢/-', before a vowel di-, repr. Gr. &a-,
&-, the prep. &4 through, during, across, by. [orig.
*dF ya, from root of *5Fo, d5vo two, and so related to
dis, *5Fis twice (Di- 2) and L. dzs- a-two, asunder
(Dis-, D1-1).] Much used in Greek in composition,
in the senses ‘through, thorough, thoroughly,
apart’, as in di45pouos running through, d:dAerros
discourse, S:¢perpos measure through or crosswise,
diameter, 5:a7p.87 wearing through or away, pas-
time, déorrpov a thing for looking through, a spy-
glass. Hence in English, in a few old words through
Latin and French, or Latin only, and in many
modern scientific and technical words formed
directly from Greek, or on Greek analogies.
Dia-, A7ef2, in medical terms. In Greek such
phrases as 5:d xapiov, bid nwderdv, did piovos, bd
popav, ia rpiav Temepéwy, did. Teaoapwr, did wevTe,
meaning ‘made or consisting of nuts, of poppy-
heads, of vitriol, of mulberries, of three peppers,
of four or of five (ingredients) ’, etc., were applied
to medicaments of which these ingredients were
the chief constituents, the full form implied being
70 did Tpiav Twenepéwy pappaxoy medicament made
up of three peppers, etc. By the Latin physicians
these phrases were treated as words, thus dzach7¥lén,
diacisson, diacddion, diaglaucion, diagrydion, dia-
libanon, diamelilotin, diamelitin, diamisyos, dia-
moron, diapente, diatessarén; and their number
was increased by many later formations of the same
kind. Their grammatical character tended to be
forgotten, final -d7 (Gr. -wv) being taken for -o7 (Gr.
-ov), and then latinized as -wm, e.g. diach¥lum, dia-
glaucium, dialibanum, dihematum (BV aipdrayv) ;
or anominative was otherwise formed, as dapentes.
The Mew Sydenham Society's Lexicon gives about
eighty of these in medieval and early modern
tin,
Several of these are given in French form by Cot-
grave; many were formerly in English use, either
in their medizeval-Latin form or partly anglicized.
Phillips 1678-1706 has ‘ Diz, a Greek Preposition
. . Set before the names of many medicinal compo-
sitions, to which that of the principal Ingredient is
usually joined, by Physicians and Apothecaries, as
Diaprunum, Diascordium, Diasenna, etc” Only
a few, e.g. DIACHYLUM, survive in modern use.:
see also, in their alphabetical places, DracaTHo-
uicoy, Diacopium, Diacrypium, DramBEr, D1a-
moron, DiaparMA, DriapruNE, Drascorp, D1a-
SENNA, DIATESSARON. Among others, are the obso-
lete Diaca'rthami (-amy) [F. d/acartami Cotgr.],
a preparation of carthamus or bastard saffron; Dia-
803
ca’ssia, of cassia or bastard cinnamon; Diaci‘ssum
(Gr. mooGv], of ivy leaves; Diacora‘llion, com-
posed of red coral; Diacymimnon, diaciminon
[F, diaciminon Cotgr.; Gr. xvpivoy], composed
of cumin; Diagala‘nga [I’. dagalange], made of
galanga or galingale; Diamargari‘ton [also in
OF.; Gr. papyapitwr of pearls]; +} Diapeni-dion
Obs, (med. L, penidion, -um (F. penide ‘a pennet,
the little wreath of sugar taken in a cold’) = Gr,
*mvidsioy, dim. of mhvn thread. (Sce Skeat Voles
to P. Fl, E.E.T.S. 110.).] Diaphoenic(-on)
[F. diaphenicum Cotgr.; Gr. powixwv of dates);
Dia‘rrhodon [F. diarrodon Cotgr.; Gr. pita of
roses, Sidppodov (sc. KoAAVpioy a salve) compound
of roses]; Diarhu‘barb, a preparation of rhu-
barb; Diatra‘'gacanth [OF. diadragant, etc.
Godef.], preparation of tragacanth; Diatrion-
pipereon, -santalon, a preparation consisting of
three kinds of pepper, or of sanders or sandal-wood ;
Diazi-ngiber, -zi'nziber, a confection of ginger.
The 17-18th c. English Dictionaries, Phillips, Bailey,
Chambers, Ash, etc., give also d/abo'/anum, a plaster made
of herbs, d/acalami'nthe, diaca'pparis (of capers), diaca’-
vyon (of walnuts), dacasto'reum, diachalcé tis, diacinna-
mo'mum, diacito‘nium, diacopre gia (of goats’ dung), da-
corum (of acorus or Calamus), déaco’stum (of costmary), d/a-
cro‘mamyon (of onions), diacydo'nium (conserve of quinces,
marmalade), diadamasce‘num (of damsons), diaglawcion
(of glaucium), dake’ xapla (a drink for horses of six ingre-
dients), diahy'ssopum, diala'cca (of gum lac), dialthe'a (of
marsh mallow), d/ame'rdes (of ordure’, diamo'schum (of
musk), diandsum (of anise), dianu'cust (of walnuts), da-
olibanum, diapapa'ver (of poppies), aapomphorlygos (of
pompholyx), diasaty'*rion, diasebe'sten, diatri-bus (of three
sorts of sanders), d7axyla‘loes (of wood of aloes), etc. Cf.
also 1621 Burton Anat. Melanch. 1. iv. 1. v.
1471 Riptey Comp. Alch. Ep. in Ashm, (1652) 113 Use
*Diacameron. 1544 Puaer. Regim. Life (1553) Aviija,
A potion .. made of halfe an ounce of *diacartamy dissolved
in. .iij ounces of betonie, 1565-73 Cooper 7'hesaurus, Cnricos,
an herbe called Carthamus, wherof is made an notable con-
fection named Diacarthami to purge fleume. 1671 SALMON
Syn, Med. wi. \xxxiii. 762 First sufficiently cleanse with
*Diacassia with Turpentine. 1545 Nott/ngham Kec, III.
224 Duas pixides de conserves vocatis *‘diacitrin’, 174%
Compl. Fam, Piece 1.1.53 Take .. *Diacoralliona Dram and
ahalf. 1362 Lanctanp P. P/, A. v. 101 May no Suger so
swete aswagen hit vnnepe, No no Diopendion [v.77”. dya-
endyon, diapenydion, B. diapenidion] dryve it from myn
erte. 1625 Hart Anat. Ur. u, xi. 127 A certaine portion
of the Electuarie *Diaphenicon, mingled with .. powder of
Diagridium. 1646 Sir T., Browne Pseud, Ep. mu. xii. 133
Diaphznicon a purging electuary .. which receiveth that
name from Dates. 1727-51 CuamBers Cycl., Diaphoenic..a
soft purgative electuary. 1789 Archaeol. 1X. 233 Diarhodon
ad servorum seems a salve or water of roses for inflammations
in the eyes. ¢1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 229 Trociscus de
turbit maad wip *diarubarbe. 1657 Physical Dict., *Dia-
traganth, a confection .. good against hot diseases of the
breast. ¢1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 238 3eve him *diatrion
piperion or anoper hoot eletuarie. //d., He schal take
*diazinziberum of oure makinge. 1600 W. VAUGHAN Direct.
Health (1602) 63 If you be troubled with rheumes. .vse dia-
trion piperion.
+ Dia, dya, sd. Ovs. The pharmaceutical prefix
Dia-*, used as a separate word; A medical pre-
paration or compound.
Goats’ milk dia, a specific preparation of which goats’
milk was the chief ingredient : see D1a-*.
1377 Lanct, P. PZ. B, xx. 173 And dryuen awey deth with
dyas and dragges [v. 7. dias, drogges]. c 1430 Lypc. A/in,
Poems (Percy Soc.) 40 Drugge nor dya was none in Bury
towne. 1562 BuLteyn Def. agst. Sickness 1. Bk. Simples
22b, Eaten, either in Goates milk Dia, or Syruppe.
Diabantite (daidbentait). Ain. [irregularly
f, DiaBasE (as if the latter represented Gr. d:d4Bas,
S:aBavt- having crossed over) + -1TE. Substituted
by Hawes 1875 for the Ger. name dabantachro-
myn.| A chlorite-like mineral occurring in diabase
and giving to this rock its green colour. :
31875 Amer. Frnl. Sc. Ser. ut. 1X. 454 On Diabantite.
Diabase (doiibéis). Min. [a. F. diabase,
erroneously formed, since (according to Littré) it
was meant to signify ‘ rock with two bases’ (for
which dzdase would have been a proper form), and
subsequently abandoned by its author, Brongniart,
for Haiiy’s name dzorzte ; but in 1842 re-introduced
by Hausmann, perhaps with an intended affiliation
to Gr. d:dBacts a crossing over, transition.]
The name originally given by A. Brongniart to
the rock afterwards called Diorrrx; now applied
to a fine-grained, compact, crystalline granular
rock, consisting essentially of augite and a triclinic
feldspar, with chloritic matter in varying amount ;
a variety of the class of rocks called greenstone and
trap, being an altered form of basalt.
[1816 CLeaveLaND Min, 609 Greenstone (note), Diabase of
some French nineeees 1836 Macciiuivray tr. //2m-
boldt’s Trav. xiv. 166 They observed two large veins of gneiss
in the slate, containing balls of granular diabase or green-
stone, 1862 Dana JZan. Geol. ix. 79 Diabase, a massive
hornblende rock .. It is like diorite in composition, except
that the feldspar is less abundant, and is either labradorite
or oligoclase. 1882 Gemie 7ext-bk. Geol. 145 The main
difference between diabase and basalt appears to be that
the rocks included under the former name have under-
gone more internal alteration, in particular acquiring the
viridite’ so characteristic of them.
DIABLERIE.
b. attrid., as in diabase-aphanite, a very
fine-grained variety of quartz-diabase in which the
separate constituents are not distinguishable by the
naked eye; diabase-porphyrite, -porphyry, the
dark-green antique porphyry, containing hornblende
in its compact diabase-like mass; diabase-schist,
a schistose form of diabase-aphanite.
1868 Dana A/ix, 343 If the diabase contains distinct
crystals of porphyry, it is a diabase porphyry, the green
porphyry or oriental verd-antique of Greece .. being of this
nature, 1879 Rutiey Stud. Rocks 247 Diabase aphanite..
Diabase schist.
Diabasic (daiabéisik), a. [f. prec. +-1c.] Of,
pertaining to, or of the nature of diabase.
1884 Science 20 June 763/1 Limestones, well proved to be
of carboniferous age, cut by diabasic eruptives.
|| Dia*basis. Ods. rare. [a. Gr. dé Baars, from
biaBawvev to pass over.] A passing over.
1672 H. Morr Brief Reply 234 This Diabasis or passing
of the Worship to the Prototype, _
Diabaterial (doiabatierial), a. rare. [f. Gr.
biaBarnpia (sc. tepa) offerings before crossing the
border, or a river (f. dsaBards to be crossed, baBai-
vew to go through, cross) +-AL.] Pertaining to the
crossing of a frontier or river.
1784-90 Mitrorp //ist. Greece xvii. iv. (1829) IIT. 112 ‘There,
according to the constant practice of the Greeks .. the dia-
baterial or border-passing sacrifice was performed. ,
+ Di-abete. Jed. Obs. [a. F. déabéete (1611 in
Cotgr., but prob. earlier in medical use), ad. L.
diabetes, a. Gr. SiaBnrns: see next.) =next.
1541 Cortanp tr. Guydon's Chirurg. Y iij b, Auycen graunt-
eth in diabete the water of the clere mylke of a shepe. 1598
Syivester Du Lartas ui. ut. /uries (1608) 279 As oppo-
site the Diabete. . Distills vs still, 1625 Hart Anat. Ur. 1. ii.
23 Diabete or Potdropsy, an extraordinarie fluxe of the
vrine, 1647 J. Birkenneab Assembly Man (1662-3) 19 Ever
sick of a Diabete.
Diabetes (doiabit7z’. Aled. [a. L. dtcbétis, a.
Gr. &aBnrns, Vt. 6a passer through; a siphon’,
also, in Aretzeus as the name of the disease, f. da-
Baiveww to pass through.]
+1. A siphon. Oés,
1661 BoyLe Spring of Air (1682) 107 If a Glass Diabetes
or Syringe be made of a sufficient length.
2. Med. A disease characterized by the immo-
derate discharge of urine containing glucose, and
accompanied by thirst and emaciation.
Sometimes called Diabetes mellitus, to distinguish it from
Diabetes insipidus which is characterized by an absence of
saccharine matter. (In 18th c. usually with fhe or a.)
1562 ‘Turner Baths 7a, It is good for the flixe to the
chamber pot called of the beste Physicianes Diabetes, that is
when a man maketh water oft and much, 1649 CULPEPPER
Phys. Direct. 70 [It] helps the Diabetes, or continual pissing.
1690 Lurrrete Brief Kel. (1857) 11. 106 ‘Vhe earl of Gains-
borough died lately of a diabetes. 1769 ALEXANDER tr.
Morgagni’s Seats and Causes of Diseases U1. 11. 465 A cer-
tain Count, who had laboured under a diabetes. 1845 G. E.
Day tr. Sznon's Anim. Chem. 1. 327 Rollo was..the first
who proved the presence of sugar in the blood during dia-
betes. 1875 T. ‘Vanner Pract. Med. (ed.7)1. 28 A temporary
diabetes can occasionally be produced by the excessive con-
sumption of sugar or starch. 1879 Kuory Princ. Med. 59
In diabetes the skin is dry and harsh,
b. transf. and jig.
1686 Goan Celest. Bodies 1. viii. 273 What is the reason
of this Diabetes Celestial, when the Clouds are so often
dropping, and can’t hold? 1839 Lanpor Wes. (1846) I.
375/2 Knowing your diabetes of mind,
Diabetic (doiabitik), a [a. F. diabétique
(14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. dtadbéetec-as, f.
diabetes : see prec. and -I¢.]
A. adj.
1. Of or pertaining to diabetes or its treatment.
1799 Med. Frni. 11.88 Dr. Lubbock began to suspect it
was connected with the diabetic diathesis. 1819 J. G.
Cuitpren Chem. Anal, 308 The sugar of diabetic urine.
1845 tr. Simon's Anim. Chem. 1. 66 Diabetic sugar .. is
identical in its chemical composition with sugar of grapes.
2. Affected with diabetes.
1799 Med. ¥rnl. Il. 209 The body of my diabetic patient.
1876 tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. 579 This... explains the re-
markable vulnerability of the tissues of diabetic persons.
1880 MacCormac Antisept. Surg. 107 Some. . diseased states
of the body, the diabetic for instance.
Jig. 1831 CartyLte Sart. Res. 11. v, Society, long
pining, diabetic, consumptive, can be regarded as defunct.
B. sb. One who suffers from diabetes.
1840 A. Tweepie Libr. Med. IV. 259 Exaggerated notions
..of the quantity of food which diabetics consume. 1880
Beare Slight Ailm. 74 Many a diabetic can consume one
pound. .of rump steak at a sitting.
Diabetical (daiab7tikal), a. [f. as prec. + -aL.]
= DIABETIC I.
1603 Six C. Heypon Yad. Astro? xxi. 458 He was affected
with the Diabeticall passion. 1625 Harr Anat. Ur. u. ii.
58 The Diabeticall disease, called by some a Pot-dropsie.
Diablerie (dija:bléri). Also -ery. fa. F.
diablerie (dyablarz), in 13th c. deablerie, f. diable
devil + -erie: see -ERY.]
1. Business belonging to or connected with the
devil, or in which the devil is employed or has a
hand; dealings with the devil ; sorcery or conjur-
ing in which the devil is supposed to assist; wild
recklessness, devilry. ;
175 WARBURTON in Pope’s Wks. (1757) IV. 235 note, The
DIABLERIST.
diablerie of witchcraft and purgatory. 1809 0. Rev. Ma
7 We are no defenders of seeing and diableric,
x Soutney Omniana 1. 270 The night mare has been
a fruitful source of miracles and diablery in the Romish
mythology. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xx. 211 Miss
Eva .. appeared to be fascinated by her wild diablerie, as a
dove is sometimes charmed bya glittering serpent. 1868
Geo, Extor Sf, be ed 1. 59 Diablerie that pales the girls
and puzzles all the boys.
2. That part of mythology which has to do with
the devil or devils ; devil-lore; the description or
representation of devils.
1824 Scorr St, Ronan's viii, The devil, in the old stories
of diablerie, was always sure to start up at the elbow of
any one who nursed diabolical 1837 LockHart
Scott ix, Erskine showed Lewis Scott's version of ‘ Lenore’
and the ‘Wild Huntsman’; and .. mentioned that his
friend had other specimens of the German Diablerie in his
portfolio, 1882 ‘I’. Moztey Remin. 1. x. 76 An extraordi-
nary figure that might have stepped out of a scene of
German diablerie.
3. The realm, world, or assemblage of devils.
1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xx. 205 She might have
fancied that she had ‘got hold of some sooty gnome from
the land of Diablerie. 1880 W. Leicuton Shaks. Dream 50
Out of sin’s diablery We arise, the fateful three.
Diablerist. vonce-wd. [f. prec. + -1sT.] A
painter or drawer of pictures in which devils are
represented (called in Fr. déadblertes).
1859 Eminent Men & Pop. Bk. 72 Caricature after the
manner of Gilray or the French Diablerists.
|| Diablotin (dzabloteh). [F. diadlotin, dim.
of diable devil.) A little devil; an imp.
1812 Scorr Fam, Lett. 1 Jan. (1894) 1. viii. 237 A whole
hive of these little diablotins. 1821 — Aens/w. xxiv, The
little diablotin again thrust in his oar. 1828 Blackw. Mag.
XXIV. 746 The mischievous diablotin who had cut so
principal a figure among his tormentors.
Diabolarch (dai,"bélask), sd. [f. Gr. ddBodos
devil + -dpyés ruler.] The ruler or prince of the
devils, the arch-fiend.
1845 J. Oxtee Three Lett. Archbp. Canterb. & Confut.
Diabolarchy \, 27 The universal belief not only in the exist-
ence, but in the pluripresence and prepotency of a Diabo-
larch, commonly called, The Devil. /é#d. 32 Such an
antagonist of the Almighty as a Diabolarch or the Devil.
Diabolarchy (daije-blarki). [fas prec. +
Gr, -apxia, f. dpxy rule.) ‘The position of a dia-
bolarch ; the rule of the devil (as ‘prince of the
powers of the air’).
1845 J. Oxter Vhree Lett. Archbp. Canterb. & Confut.
Diabolarchy \. 29, 1 must distinguish between a devil and
the devil .. as the whole error of the Diabolarchy. /érd. 35
‘The dogma of a Diabolarchy could have been first revealed
to the world neither by Moses nor by Christ. 1879 M. D.
Conway Demonol, II. 1, xix. 212 A great deal might be
plausibly said for this atmospheric diabolarchy.
Dia‘bolepsy. vonce-wad. [f. Gr. i:aBodos devil,
after catalepsy, epilepsy, from Gr. -Anyia = -Anyis
taking, seizure.] Diabolical seizure or possession.
So Diabole'ptic, one possessed with a devil.
1886 H. Mauvstey Nat. Causes 315 Neither theolepsy
nor diabolepsy nor any other lepsy in the sense of possession
of the individual by an external power.
Diaborliad. [f. Gr. diaBodros, L. diabolus devil
+ -AD 1 ¢, after //iad, and the like.) An epic of
the devil; a tale of the devil's doings.
1777 W. Compe (¢/t/e), The Diaboliad, a poem. 1838
G. cf Faser /nguiry it. v. 339 To believe all the Manichean
Diaboliads ascribed to the old Paulicians and the later
Albigenses.
Diabolic (daiabglik), a. and sé. [a. F. diabo-
Zigue (13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad, L. diadolicus
(in Vulgate), a. Gr. diaBodArnds, f. 5:aBodos devil.)
A. adj. 1. Of or pertaining to the devil; be-
longing to, having to do with, or under the influence
of the devil.
1399 Lanci. Rich. Redeles 1. 199 Alle deabolik doeris
dispise hem ichone, 1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W.
1495) 1. 292a/1 To knowe by what moyen his doughter
myght ben preserued from this vexacyon dyabolyke. 1533-4
Act 25 Hen. VIII. c. 12 To vse the said Elizabeth, as
a diabolike instrument, to stirre, moue, and prouoke the
people of this realme. a@ 1555 Latimer Serm. §& Rem. (1845)
290 But not the church which you call catholic, whic!
sooner might be termed diabolic. 1667 Mitton /. LZ. 1x. 95
Doubt .. of Diabolic pow'r, Active within beyond the sense
of brute, 1669 Gate Crt, Gentiles 1. m. i, 13 Suitable to
many Ecstatic Diabolic Enthusiasts. 1822 Byron Vis.
Judgment xxxvii, Satan.. merely bent his diabolic_ brow
An instant. 183r Cartyte Sart. Res. u. vii. A Hell ..
without Life, though only diabolic Life, were more frightful.
c 1850 Neate Hymns East. Ch, (1866) 118 Diabolic legions
ss thee. 187x M. Coxtins Mrg. & Merch. II. i. 48
Theories .. about lunacy and diabolic possession. .
b. Pertaining to witchcraft or magic as attri-
buted to Satanic influence,
1727 De For Hist. Appar. vi. (1840) 59, 1 have already
d my gainst all those arts called magical and
diabolic. 1863 Gro. Exior Romola |, His belief in some
diabolic fortune favouring Tito. :
ce. Like or resembling the devil.
bon again Past § Pr. 11. iii. (1845) 71 A .. more or less
Diabolic-looking man, 1862 H. Tayior S¢. Clement's Eve
1. iii, Some I daily met Of as; diabolic. : *
2. Partaking of the qualities of the devil; devilish,
fiendish ; inhumanly wicked. d
1483 Caxton Cato B. ij, Lesyng is a synne dyabolyque.
so Wate Eng. Votaries 1. AR. Of amos most hellish
and didbolick frutes, holy S, Paule admonished the R
| beas Gods, knowing good and evill. 1
804
Smect, viii. (1851) 306 He does not play the Soothsayer but
the diakolice flock of prayers. 187x Mortey Carlyle
(1878) 193 A diabolic drama of selfishness and violence.
1876 Gro. Extor Dan. Der. UI. xlvii. 363 No diabolic
lelight.
+B. as sb. An agent of the devil. Ods.
1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1v. xv. 214 Of
inuocacyons of the deuyll..or of paccyons with hym & with
his dyabolykes. 1638 Str T. Hervert 7'rav. 215 Witches
.- Hydro and Pyro-mantiques and other Diaboliques.
Diabolical (daiibp'likal), a. and sd. [f. as
prec. + -AL.]
1. Of or pertaining to the devil ; actuated by or
proceeding from the devil; of the nature of the |
devil.
1503 Hawes ares i Virt. v. 59 Be neuer taken in dyaboly-
call engyne. 1548 Hatt Chron. 114b, [They] adiudged the
1 bl. ,
DIABOLOLOGY.
Diabolism (doijebéliz’m). [f. Gr. d:4Bodr-os
devil + -1sm: cf. DraBoizE. r
1. Action in which the devil has, or is supposed
to have, a share ; dealing with the devil ; sorcery,
witchcraft.
~ 1614 Jackson Creed m. xxx. Wks. II. 559 Diabolism or
pipes | with infernal spirits. 1762 WarsuRTON A
7race i. xi, The Farce of Diabolisms and E i
Smepiey Occult Sciences 82 Any com savouring
diabolism, 1879 Farrar St, Paud (1883)466 Ephesus was
the head-quarters of diabolism and sorcery.
2. Action or conduct worthy of the devil; dia-
bolical or devilish conduct, —
1681 Baxter Answ. Dodwell Introd. C iij, If you had
rather, call it Church-Tyranny, Cruelty, or Diabolism, 1683
E. Hooxer Pref. Ep. Pordage’s Mystic Div. 18 Speculativ
Infidelitie, pr: icous Atheism, horrid Blasphemies, and all
same Fe [of Arc] a sorceresse, and a diabolica’ P
esse of God. 1603 Adv. Don Sebastian in Harl. Misc.(Malh.)
II. 400 He began to suspect the same apparition to be diabo-
a merely fantastical. 1651 Hopes Govt. & Soc. xii. § 10.
175 The most ancient of all diabolicall tentations.. Yee shall
i 1 — Leviath,w. xvi.
370 Hee was commonly thought a Magician, and his Art
Diabolicall. 1796 H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre’s Stud. Nat.
(1799) 1. 409 If a God .. governs Nature, diabolical spirits
direct and confound at least the affairs of the children of
men. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. 1. i. § 6 (1875) 21 That
Religion is divine and Science diabolical, is a proposition ..
— in many a clerical declamation.
. Resembling a devil in outward appearance.
1752 Fqote 7aste 1. Wks. 1799 I. 9 Daubing diabolical
angels for ale-houses. 1839 W. Cuampers Zour Holland
34/1 An old fantastical-looking dwelling. .literally covered
with diabolical figures.
2. Characteristic of or befitting the devil; devilish,
fiendish, atrociously wicked or malevolent.
1 Lanctey tr, Pol. Verg. De Invent. vil. vii. 141 b, OF
al these supersticiouse sectes afore rehersed there is not
one so diabolical as the sect of Mahometaines. 1664 H.
More Myst. /nig. iv. 10 This Mystery .. that is so horrid,
and Diabolical, and so Antipodal to both the Person and
Spirit of Christ. 1709 Steere & Swirt Zatler No. 68. P 1
This Malevolence does not proceed from a real Dislike of
Virtue, but a diabolical Prejudice against it. 1 Govuv.
Morais in Sparks Life & Writ. (1832) I. 321 To collect the
various papers found in the Bastile, and then .. to write the
annals of that diabolical castle. 1818 Scott Rod Roy xii,
I shall never forget the diabolical sneer which writhed
Rashleigh's wayward features. 1882 B. M. Croxer Proper
Pride 1. vii. 134 Such diabolical vengeance, uprooting my
home and estranging my wife. 1884 A. R, PenninGTon
Wiclif vi. 193 Their so-called poverty is nothing else but
a diabolical lie.
+ B. sb. A person possessed by a devil; one of
diabolical character. Oéds.
1547 Latimer Serm. & Rem. (1845) 426 As your naturals
and diabolicals would have you to do. 1829 SoutHey Sir
T. More \. 127 That devilish [doctrine] concerning infants,
which so many divines (more fitly they might te called
diabolicals !) have repeated after St. Augustine.
Hence Diabolica‘lity, diabolicalness.
1839 J. Rocers Antipofopr. Introd. 16 Then we should
see .. diabolicality .. overwhelm everything good.
Diabolically (daidbp-likali), adv. ig prec.
+-LY %.] Ina diabolical manner; devilishly, very
wickedly or badly, atrociously.
1599 Life Sir T. More in Wordsworth Eecd. Biog. (1853)
II. 164 If onlie these odious terms maliciouslie, traiterouslie,
diabollicallie were put out of the inditement. 1633 Prynne
Hlistriom. 1. 1. Chorus (R.), So diabolically absurd, so
audaciously impious, so desperately prophane. 1681 N. N.
Rome's Follies 37 By’r Lady the Woman grows Diabolli-
cally Impudent. 1756 Foote Eng. /r. Parts u. Wks. 17
I. 113 You look divinely, child. But .. they have dress
you most diabolically. 1853 J. H. Newman /ist. Sk.
tie, DIL ii, 81 A at ae as diabolically wicked as it was
wealthy.
Diabo‘licalness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.] The
quality of being diabolical ; devilishness; atrocity.
1727 Baitey vol. Il, Diadolicalness, devilish Nature.
a 1800 J. Warton Sat. Ranelagh House, 1 wonder he did
not change his face as well as his body, but that retains its
primitive diabolicalness. 2 a i
Di:aboli-city. nonce-wd. Diabolic quality,
1865 De Morcan Budget Paradoxes (1872) 294 If the
Apostolicity become Diabolicity.
+ Diabo'licly, adv. Obs. rare. [-t¥2.] =D1a-
BOLICALLY,.
1683 E. Hooker Pref zy. Pordage’s Mystic Div. 2x
Sin is. .autoritativly, exemplarily and Diabolicly, in public,
countenanced. : :
Diabolifuge. monce-wd. [f. L. diabolus devil
+-FuGE, L. fugium, after febrifuge.] Something
that drives away the devil.
1872 O. W. Hoimes Poet Break/-t. xi. (1885) 279 Odor as
potent as that of the angel's diabolifuge. 7
Diabolify (deidbylifsi), v. [f. L. diabolus devil
sprit trans. To make a devil of; to figure as
a devil.
1647 Fartncpon Serm. 59 (L.) The Lutheran [turns]
against the Calvinist, and diabolifies him. 1813 J. Forsyrit
#-xcurs. Italy 222 Dante's devils, his Minos and his Charon
diabolified. ‘
Hence Diabolifica‘tion.
1893 Pall Mall Mag. I. 346/1 Apotheosis is still with us,
and diabolification (if 1 may coin such a ). ,
Dia‘bolish, adv. nonce-wd. Humorous substi-
tute for ‘ Devilish’.
1858 O. W. Hotmes Aut. Breah/.-t. v. (1890) tat The
u
in the first chaptre of his Epistle, 1642 Mitton Afod.
proie gery taper n ope: — Prof.
Breakf-t, xi. 251 This was a diabolish snobby. question.
| stimulated
sry Kena xe Crimea ( VIL. vi. 67 What, in diabolo-
logy, chun vaemteiitbe tare: ” peers Te
of bol: 1777 I. Camppece Surv. S./reland
(1778) 298 A degree of Ectolna, not to be found in the
human heart. 1826 Gent. Mag. 1. 636/1 The mob are
harangues to new acts of diabolism. 1884
J. Parker Afost. Life 111.75 To put an end to their censure,
their malice, their diabolism of spirit. ‘e
+b. A doctrine of devils ; a devilish system of
belief. Ods.
1608 T. James A fol. Wyclif 66 [He] taught .. [that] there
was an equalitie of al men, and communion of al things,
which is pure Anabaptisme, or Diabolisme rather,
3. Doctrine or system of opinions as to devils ;
belief in or worship of the devil.
1660 Fisner Rusticks Alarm Wks. (2679) 557 Delusion,
Fanaticism, Enthusiasm, Quakerism, Diabolism. 1822 Lams
— xii. Zo BL cores 114, I do ae oe dia-
ism is part of your creed. 1874 Woop Nat. Hist.
Putting ihe the terrors of diabolism, which are angrabied
in the native African mind.
4. The character or nature of a devil.
1754 Fiecpine F. Wild 1.i, Only enough [goodness] to make
him partaker of the imperfection of humanity, instead of the
perfection of diabolism. 1 T. Hartiey Pref. Sweden-
borg’s Heav. & H. (1851) 48 Now the very idea of diabolism
carries in it a repugnance and hatred to God and goodness.
1838 Blackw. Mag. XLIII. 770 The brutal vulgar ruffian,
who makes as close an approach to pure diabolism as the
imperfect faculties of human nature will permit.
bolist (doi,x'bélist). (mod. f. as prec.
+ -1sT.] A professor or teacher of diabolism ;
a writer who deals with diablerie.
1895 IWestmin. Gaz. 8 Mar. 2/1 These. .are written under.
the inspiration of the French school of Diabolists. That
school..is possessed with ideas of black magic, spirits of
evil, devils become incarnate, and numerous other night-
mares of corruption. .
Diabolize (daijex"beleiz), v. [f. Gr. diéBoros
devil + -1zz. (Du Cange has diaboltzare = damont-
sare for Gr. Bapovifec@ar to be possessed by a
demon or ‘ devil ’.)]
1. “rans. To make a devil of, turn into a devil;
to make like the devil ; to render diabolical.
1702 C. Matner Magn. Chr. u. App. (1852) 216 The mixt
cart bene ont ag ich hitherto diabolized them. a1711
Ken Hynms Festiv. Poet. Wks. 1721 1. 296 The jealous
Fears which T ts seize Diabolize them by degrees,
Cornh, Mag. Sept. 268 The devil, only less than archan;
ruined, retaining much of his former beauty, and almost all
his former power, though now diabolised. 1890 Chicago
Advance 24 July, Manufacturing rum to ., de’ and
diabolize the .. natives of Africa,
2. To represent or figure as diabolical.
a = O. W. Hoimes Yonathan Edwards in Pages fr. Old
Vol. Life 400 It is a less violence to our nature to deify
pop than it is to diabolize the Deity.
3. To subject to diabolical influence.
1823 [see Dianotizev below). 1860 O. W. Hotmes Prof
Breakf-t. viii, 170 There were two things .. that diabolized
my imagination,—I mean, that gave me a distinct apprehen-
sion of a formidable bodily shape.
Hence Dia*bolized . @.; Diaboliza‘tion,
the action of diabolizing, or representing as a
devil.
1823 Bentrnam Not Pan? 319 A man in his sou
counterfeiting a diabolized man or a madman, 1879 M. D,
nway Demonol, Il. 1v. xi. 120 The diabolisation of
a (the fallen star) was through her daughter
ecate.
Diaboloveracy, nonce-wd. [see -cnacy.] Go-
vernment by the devil.
1814 Sourney in Q. Kev. XIL. 195 Bruce has marked out
a certain part of Africa as the dominion of the Devil, be-
be Bae the people there are actually under a —
of diabolocracy, as much as the Jews were under a divi
governmen|
t.
+ Dia*bologue. Obs. nonce-wd. A discussion or
dialogue of devils.
(1885) 260 These dialogues,
bologues.
a@1713 E.twoop Aut
shall I call them, or rather dial s
Dia (daiabp'lédzi). [euphonic abbre-
viation of Jology: see next.] The doctrine of
the devil; devil-lore. Hence Diabolo'gical a. —
a Uroqunart Radelais 11. xxiii. 191 To speak in the
true Diabological Sense. /d7d. 192 According to the Doc-
trine of the said Diabology [some edd, dial Bee
O. W. Hotmes Med. Ess. (1891) 355 Remember the theology
and the diabology of the
f, Gr. 5d Bodos
Diapolology (dai:ibglp"l5dzi).
devil + -Locy, Gr. -Aoyia speech, also prec.)
The doctrine of the devil as a branch of science or
study; devil-lore.
DIABOLONIAN.
Diabolonian (doi:ibglowniin), a. and sd. [f.
L. diabolus, in imitation of such forms as Bady-
lonian, Thessalonian.] Bunyan’s name in the
Holy War for: One of the host of Diabolus (the
Devil) in his assault upon Mansoul ; also, as adj,
Of the party of Diabolus or the Devil.
1682 Bunyan Holy War Ded., When the Diabolonians
were caught. Spurcron 7veas. Dav. Ps. xix. 9 Till
.. every corner of the town of Mansoul is clean rid of
the Diabolonians who lurk therein. 1894 EGGLEsTon in
Harper's Mag. Feb. 469/1 Vile diabolonians all of them.
|| Diabro’sis. Med. Obs. [a. Gr. &éBpwors, f.
bd through + BpGors eating, f. BiBpwoxew to eat.]
Corrosion, ulceration.
1706 in Puitirs (ed. Kersey). 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex.
+ Diabro'tic, a.and sb. Ods. [ad. Gr. 5:aBpw-
tuxés able to eat through, corrosive ; f. as prec.]
A. adj. Corrosive. B. sb. A corrosive agent.
rags in Asx ees
iacalorimeter (doiakeeléri‘métar). [f. Gr. dua
through + CALORIMETER.] An_ instrument to
measure the resistance which liquids offer to the
passage of heat.
1876 Catal. Sci. App. S. Kens, 151.
Diacanthous (doiakenpas), a. Bot. [f. Di-2
+ Gr. dxav@a thorn.] Having two spines.
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diacanthous..in Botany, having two
spines under each leaf.
+ Diacathoclicon. Ods. [So in OF. (Cotgr.)
and med.L., repr. Gr. a «aodAueGy composed of
general or universal (ingredients).] Old term fora
laxative electuary ; so called from its manifold com-
position, or, according to some, from its general
usefulness ; hence, a universal remedy or appliance.
As prescribed by Nicolaus, it was made of senna leaves,
pulp of cassia and tamarinds, roots of male fern, rhubarb,
and liquorice, aniseed, sweet fennel, and sugar. (Quincy.)
1562 in Butteyn Bk, Simples (Blount). 162x Burton
Anat, Mel. t. iv. u. iii. (1676) 237/2 Solid purgers are ..
Diacatholicon, Weckers Electuarie de geo ag .of which
divers receipts are daily made, 1656 BLount Glossogr..,
Diacatholicon. .so called because it serves as a gentle purge
for all humours, ag, Physical Dict. 1665 J. Witson
Projectors 1. Dram. Wks. (1874) 226 Certainly nature and
art ..could not produce such another diacatholicon that
shall equally serve to all purposes,—roast, bake, boil.
|| Diacausis (doiikd'sis). AZed. [Gr. didxavors
burning heat : cf. next.]
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diacausis .. excessive, intense heat
of body.
Diacaustic (deiikd:stik), a. and sé. [f. Gr.
8:4 through, across + xavorixés burning, f. «aie to
burn. Cf. F. déacaustigue.]
A. adj.
1. Math. Of a surface or curve: Formed by the
intersection of refracted rays of light. (Opp. to
catacaustic: see CAUSTIC a. 3.)
1704 J. Harris Lea. Techn. Pref. Aiij, The Nature and
Properties of Catacaustick and Diacaustick Figures. 1727-
51 Cuampers Cycl., Diacaustic Curve, orCaustic by pa 8
tion .. the carve line, which touches all the refracted rays,
is called the dtacaustic. 1868 Chambers’ Encycé, U1. 693/1
When the caustic curve is ,. formed by refraction, it is called
the Diacaustic Curve.
+2. Med. ‘¥ormerly applied to a doublé convex
lens or burning glass, such having been used to
caaterize parts’ (Mayne, Zxp. Lex. 1851-60). Ods.
B. sb. 1. Math. A diacaustic curve or surface ;
°a caustic by refraction.
1727-51 CuamBeErs Cyc/, s.v. Caustics, Caustics are divided
into catacaustics, and diacaustics. 1841 Penny Cycl. X1X.
356 The caustics formed by the continued intersections of
refracted rays emanating from a luminous point, are called
diacaustics. 1869 Tynpaut Wotes Lect. Light § 166 Spheri-
cal lenses have their caustic curves and surfaces (diacaustics)
formed by the intersection of the refracted rays.
+2. Med. A double convex lens used to cau-
terize. Ods.
Diacenous (doije's‘nas), a. [f. Gr. didxev-os
quite empty or hollow (Dra-1) + -ous.] (See quot.)
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diacenous..porous, like a sponge or
pumice stone. rk i
Di-a'cetamide, Chem. See Di-? 2 arid Acrr-
AMIDE,
1866 E. Franktanp Lect. Notes for Chem. Stud. 373.
Dia‘cetate. Chem. [f. Di-2 2+Acrratr.] A
salt with two equivalents of acetic acid (or its
radical acetyl, C,H;0), as diacetate of ethylene
(Cy Hy)”-Acy-Og. So Diacertic a.
1825 Tuomson First Princ. Chem, 11. 373 Diacetate of
lead. 1826 Henry Elem. Chem. I. 121 A diacetate or
compound of 2 atoms of base with 1 atom of acid. 7
Watts Dict. Chem. 1. 24 The diacetates are produ y
the action of acetate of silver on the chlorides, bromides, .
. . ERIE A]
or iodides of the al x
Hartey Jat. Med. 133 Acetate and diacetate of lead.
Diacetin (daije'sitin). Chem. [f. D1-22.] Di-
acetic glycerin ; a liquid with a biting taste, formed
by the action of acetic acid upon glycerin, so that
two of the three hydrogen atoms are replaced by
acetyl. See AcrrIn.
1855 Warts tr. Gmelin's Chem. 1X. 426. 1866 E. FRank-
Land Lect. Notes for Chem. Stud. 362 Acetic salts of a
triacid alcohol :—Monacetin, Diacetin, Triacetin,
Vor, III. +
805
Also Di-a‘cetonami:ne Chem. See Di-2 and
ACETONAMINE, Diaceto-nic a. Chem. See Di-*
+Acertonic. In diacetonic alcohol, a syrupy liquid
2(CH,) C(OH)-CH,-CO-CHsg, obtained by the
action of potassium nitrite on diacetonamine.
Dia‘cetyl. Chem. See Dr-* 2, and Aceryt.
1872 Watts Dict. Chem. V1. 30 [He] has obtained a colour-
less pungent liquid, which is probably free acetyl or diacetyl
(CoH30)2, 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diacetyl carbamide
CO(NH.C2H30)2, a product of the action of carbonyl-
chloride on urea at 50° & 3 it crystallises from hot alcohol in
rhombic needles. | , f
|| Diachenium (deiik7nivm). Bot. [mod.
L., f. Di-2 + L. achenium ACHENE.] A ‘fruit’ or
seed-vessel consisting of two mericarps resembling
achenes ; = CREMOCARP.
1870 BenTLEY Bot. 313 Each portion of the fruit resembles
the achznium, except in being inferior, hence the name di-
achenium has been given to this fruit. ,
|| Diacha‘lasis. Sz7g. Obs. [a. Gr. diaxa-
Aaats, f. biaxaddev to cause to open or gape.] (See
quots.) Hence + Diachala‘stic a. Ods.
1751 Cuampers Cycl. Supp., Diachalasis, in the medi-
cinal works of the antients, a term used to express a solu-
tion of continuity in the bones of the cranium at the sutures.
1851-60 Mayne Expos. Lex., Diachalasis ..a former term
for the separation or opening of the cranial sutures. 1883
Syd. Soc. Lex., Diachalastic, relating to a Diachalasis.
|| Diachore'sis. J/ed. Obs. [Gr. d:axwpyos
excretion.] (See quot.) Hence Diachore'tic a.
|
1706 Puriutrs (ed. Kersey), Déachoresis, the act or faculty of |
voiding excrements. 1721 in Battey. 1883 Syd. Soc.
Lex., Diachoretic .. promoting the excretion of feces;
laxative. .
Diachronie (doiakrgnik), a. ronce-wd. [f. Gr.
6a throughout, during + xpdv-os time + -IC.]
Lasting through time, or during the existing period.
1857 GossE Creation 87 The two creations—the extinct and
the extant— or rather the prochronic and the diachronic —
here unite. i ; 7 :
Diachylon, -lum (doi,e"kilgn, -l5m), diacu-
lum (doijzkilim). Forms: a, 4-6 diaquilon,
7- diachylon, 8-diachylum (gdiaclum) ; B. 4-9
diaculon, 6 dyaculome, 5- diaculum. [a.med.L.
diachylum, diaculon, and OF. diaculon (14th c.),
diaquilon, dyachilon, diachilon (Paré, 16th c.), L.
diachylon (Celsius), repr. Gr. ud ybA@v (a medica-
ment) composed of juices; cf. also Gr. 5:axtAos
very juicy, succulent. The pronunciation with
shortened penult comes through Fr. and med.L.]
Originally, the name of a kind of ointment com-
posed of vegetable juices; now a common name for
lead-plaster, emplastrum plumbi,an adhesive plaster
made by boiling together litharge (lead oxide),
olive oil, and water; prepared on sheets of linen
as a sticking-plaster which adheres when heated.
a, 1313 in Wardr. Acc. Edw, 11 20/15 Diaquilon 1b. tod.
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 238 Diaquilon maad of litarge
and oile and juys of mustard seed. 1541 R. CopLanp Guy-
don's Formul, Sjb, Diaquilon of Rasis. 1660 Boye New
Exp. Phys. Mech. Proem 8 The Common Plaister call'd
Diachylon. 1725 Braptey Fam. Dict. s.v. Plaister, Let
the Grease be first well melted, add the Diachylum and
Wax to it. 1786 Phil. Trans. LXXVI. 156 I took some
diachylum which had been bought at Apothecaries Hall.
1797 Burke Regic. Peace iii, Wks. VIII. 272 Half a yard
square of balmy diplomatick diachylon, 1836 MArryat
‘aphet i. 4 Did a bull gore a man, Mr. Cophagus appeared
with his diachylon and lint. 1842S. Lover Handy Andy iv,
Your sympathy is better than diachylon to my wounds.
B. 13221n Wardr. Acc. Edw. IT 23/20 Dyaculon 4d. per lb.
bg ALSGR. 729 Splette this dyaculome upon a lynen
clothe. 1541 R. Coptanp Guydon's Formul. Y ij b, Em-
playster the place with diaculum. 1671 SHADWELL /umour-
zst 1, To set up with Sixpenny-worth of Diaculum. 1821
Praep Gog Poems (1866) I. 92 Diaculum, my story says, Was
not invented in those days. @1839 /éid. (1864) I. 35 The skin
was rubbed from off her thumb, And she had no Diaculum,
1836 Gen. P. THompson Exerc. (1842) IV. 92 Will.. your
druggists sell more rhubarb and diaculon ?
b. Comb., as diachylum-plaster.
1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 249/2 Applye as
then theron a Diaquilon playster. 1676 I, Conters in PAiZ.
Trans. X1. 718 The ends ..I closed up with Diachylon
Plaster. a@1692 Mountrorp Faustus 1. ad fin., I .: de-
vour’d Three Yards of Diaculum Plaister instead of Pancake.
Eig fea Let. to Miss C. Rutherford 5 Sept. in Lockhart,
o hint the convenience of a roll of diaculum plaister.
+Diachyma. Zor. Obs. [f. Gr. da- through +
xv¥pa that which is poured out, liquid: cf. diay é-ew
to diffuse, ete.] ‘A synonym of PARENCHYMA,
especially such as occupies the space between two
surfaces, as in a leaf’. Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883.
1866 Treas. Bot. 397 Diachyma, the green cellular matter
of leaves, i 4
Diacid (doij;'sid), a. Chem. [f. Di-2 2+ Act,
on the analogy of Disasio,] Capable of combin-
ing with two acid radicals.
Diacid alcohol, a di: ic al ining two hydroxyl
groups both replaceable Le acid radical. Thus ethene
alcohol or glycol C2 Hy (OH) is diacid, and when acted on
by acetic acid may form either a mono-acetate or a di-acetate,
1866 E. FranKLAND Lect, Notes for Chem. Stud. 244 The
monad radicals give monacid alcohols, the dyad radicals
diacid alcohols. 1877 Warts Fownes’ Chem. 166 In the di-
acid glycol ethers, the two radicles by which the hydrogen
is replaced may belong either to the same or to different
acids. 1883 C. L. Broxam Chem. (ed. 5) 546 The diamines
hol
DIACONICON.
.-are capable of combining with 2 molecules of hydrochloric
or any similar acid, which is implied by stating that they
are diacid. :
|| Dia‘clasis. [a. Gr. diaxdraois f. diakddev
to break in twain.] (See quots.)
1730-6 Baitey (folio), Diaclasis, a fracture. 1883 Syd. Soc.
Lex., Diaclasis, refraction of light rays.
Hence Diacla‘stic a.
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diaclastic .. relating to Diaclasia [a
method of amputation], or to Diaclasis.
Diaclasite (doi klasoit). An. [f. Ger. dia-
klas (Breithaupt, 1823), f. Gr. daxAaev to break
through or asunder; on account of its easy cleavage. ]
A bisilicate of iron and magnesium; a brassy
yellow or greenish grey mineral of the pyroxene
group, orthorhombic in crystallization.
1850 Dana Min. 268. > <
+ Diracle. Sc. Obs. [? related to DIAL; the -cle
appears to be as in receptacle, spiracle, and other
reprs. of L. instrumental -cee/m,as in gubernaculum
rudder.] A small portable dial or compass;
a pocket-dial.
1488 Ld. Treas. Acc. Scot. 1. 83 A fare diacle. 1612
Rates & Customs Scot. in Halyburton’s Ledger (Scot. Rec.
Ser. 1867) 297 Diacles of wode, the dozen, xijs ; of bone, the
dozen, xlviijs. 1794 Scot. Agric. Surv., Shetland 87 \Jam.),
Every boat carries one compass at least, provincially a
diacle, é ; :
|| Diacodium ((loiakdu-didm). Oés. Also 6
diacodion, 8-9 diacode. [med. and mod.L. dia-
codion, -codium, in ancient L. d7acédion, from Gr.
did kwSer@y (a preparation) made from poppy-heads:
see Dra-%, Cf. also French diacodion (16th c.),
diacodium (17-18th c.), diacode (adm. by Academy
1762); the last is of rare use in English. So It.
dtacodione (Florio 1599), now diacod?o.]
A syrup prepared from poppy-heads, used chiefly
as an opiate.
1564-78 Butteyn Dial. agst. Pest. (1888) 51 Drinke your
Diacodion at night to reconcile slepe again. 1681 tr.
Willis’ Rem, Med. Wks. Vocab., Diacodium, a syrup to
procure sleep, made off the tops of poppy. 1695 Concrevi
Love for L. ut, xiii, You had best take a little Diacodion
and Cowslip-Water. 1817 W. ‘Taytor in A/onthly Alag.
XLIV. 313 His favourite medicine was a diacodium, con-
sisting of opium administered in honey. 1820 Blachkww, Mag.
VII. 328 [It] puts one to sleep more effectually than a double
dose of diacodium. 1829 J. Vocno tr. Edwards’ & Vavas-
seur’s Mater. Med. 323 Calming Mixture. .Diacode Syrup.
Hence + Diaco‘diate s.: cf. opiate. Obs.
1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Conpit. xiv. 488 We may some-
times use Diacodiates if the Patients strength hold out.
|| Diaceelosis (doi:as7lousis). Biol. [f. Gr. dia-
(Dra- 1) + xofAwais hollow, belly.] The separation
of the ccelome or body-cavity into several sinuses
in some Vermes, as leeches.
1888 Rotteston & Jackson Anim. Life 579. lbid. 630
The coelome is much restricted by a growth of connective
tissue, which splits it up into sinuses and channels, a process
termed dfacoelosis.
Diacon, -e, obs«forms of Dracon.
Diaconal (daijekonal), a. [ad. late L. dd-
conil-ts, f. dtaconus Deacon: cf. F. diaconad (14th
c. in Hatz.-Darm.).] Of or belonging to a deacon
in various senses of the word).
1611 Corer., Déaconal, Diaconall; of, or belonging to a
deacon, 1656 in BLount Glossogr. 1725 tr. Dupin's Eccl.
Hist. 17th C. 1. v. 176 The Matter of the Diaconal Ordin-
ation. 1863 J. M. Luptow Svsterhoods in Gd. Words 494
A large development..of what I may call the natural dia-
conal functions of women, 1866 F'. G. Ler Direct. Angi,
(ed. 3) 3 Being about to execute a diaconal function.
Diaconate (daijekinct), sd. [ad. late L. dzd-
conat-us, f£. diaconus DEACON: see -ATE], Cf. F,
dtaconat.}
1. The office or rank of deacon.
1727-51 Cuampers Cycl., Deaconry, Diaconate, the order
or ministry of a deacon or deaconess. [Not in Johnson,
fodd, Richardson, Webster 1828, Craig 1847.] | a 1846
Worcester cites Lelectic Rev. 1849 (¢7t/e) The Diaconate
and the Poor, 18s2 ConypearE & H. St, Paul (1862) I.
xiii. 408 If..we explain these intimations by what we know
of the Diaconate in the succeeding century. 1884 D. Hunter
tr. Reuss’s Hist. Canon iii. 34 A vocation quite as special
as that of the apostleship or the diaconate. _
2. The time during which any one is a deacon.
1880 Sunday School Times 3 Apr. 212 During his diaconate
the Rev. Thos, Gaulandet was assistant to Dr. Pierce, 1891
E, W. Gosst Gossip in Library v. 59 The English divines
..were accustomed to stupendous efforts of endurance from
their very diaconate.
3. A body of deacons.
1891 SrouGHTON in Wes/. Meth. Mag. May 347 A depu-
tation from our diaconate called upon
+ Dia‘conate, a. Obs. nonce-wd. [f. L. dia-
con-us DEACON + -ATE2,] Having, or managed
by, deacons. <
@ 1679 T. Goopwin Wks. IV. tv. 189 (R.), This one great
diaconate church (as we may, in a parallel allusion, to that
other name of presbyterial, call it).
Diaconess, -isse, obs. forms of DEACONESS,
|| Diacosnicon, Also in Lat. form diaconi-
cum. ([Gr. dd«ouxdv, neut. adj. pertaining to
a deacon, f. diaxovos a servant, a Deacon.] cel.
Antig. and Mod. Gk. Ch. A building or room
adjoining the church, where vestments, ornaments,
: 39
DIACONIZE.
and other things used in the church service are
kept ; a sacristy, a vestry.
1 Cuampers Cycl., Diaconicon, Sacristy, a place
adjoining to the antient churches, where the vest-
ments, with the vessels, and other ornaments of the altar,
were preserved. 1794 Archzol. XI. 331 Thus, among the
Greeks, is always placed the sacristy, or diaconicon. 1850
Neate East. Ch. 1.1. ii. 191 On the opposite side of the bema
was the diaconicon or sacristy. 1876 in Gwity Encyci.
Archit, Gloss. s. v. x
+ Dia‘conize, v. Oss. [f. Gr. dudnovos, L. dia-
conus DEACON + -1ZzE. Cf. F. diaconiser ‘ con-
férer le diaconat.’] znfr. To act as deacon; to
minister.
1644 Butwer Chiron. 130 The Left Hand .. in the more
accomplish’d and plenary exhibition of this sacred rite
[benediction] hath oft Diaconiz’d unto the <;
Dia‘cony. 0¢s. rare. [ad. med.L. diaconia,
a. Gr. diaxovia office, etc. of a deacon. Cf. F.
diaconie ‘a deaconrie, the place of a deacon’
(Cotgr.).] The place or office of a deacon.
1636 Asp. J. Witttams ‘oly Tadle (1637) 79 The very
Altar it self.. hath been termed, in the ancient Councells,
The Diaconie, as a place belonging (next after the Bishop)
to the care and custodie of the Deacon only.
|| Diacope (dai, kop). [a. Gr. d:axom7 cleft,
gash, f. diaxémr-ev to cut through.]
+1. Gram. and Rhet. ‘A figure by which two
words that naturally stand together, especially two
parts of a compound word, are separated by the
intervention of another word; tmesis’ (Webster
1864). Obs.
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary u. (1625) 83 Tmesis or Dia-
cope, a division of a word cee into two parts, as,
What might be so ever. .for, whatsoever might be, &c. 1678
Puituirs (ed. 4), Diastole, this figure is otherwise called
Diacope, and by Ruffinianus by a Latin term Separatio.
2. Surg. (See quots.)
1706 Puittips (ed. Kersey), Diacope, a Cutting or dividing
asunder, a deep Wound, especially one made in the Scull by
a sharp Instrument. 1851-60 in Mave Expos. Lex. 1883
Syd. Soc. Lex., Diacopfe, a cut, incision, fissure, or longi-
tudinal fracture. It generally signifies an oblique incision
made in the cranium by a sharp instrument, without the
piece being removed.
Diacoustic (daidkaustik), a. [f. Di-3 +
Acoustic a.] Pertaining to diacoustics.
1775 in Asn: and in mod. Dicts.
Diacoustics (daiikau'stiks), [mod. f. Di-3
+ Acoustics: in F. dtacoustigue. Cf. Droprrics.]
A name for the science of refracted sounds. Also
termed dtaphonics.
1683 Phil. Trans. XIV. 473 Hearing may be divided into
direct, refracted and reflex'd .. which are yet nameless un-
less we call them Acousticks, Diacousticks and Catacou-
sticks. 1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn., Diacousticks or Dia-
phonicks is the consideration of the properties of Refracted
sound, as it passes through different mediums. 1803
Cavatto Nat. Philos. Il. 309 Diacoustics, viz. of refractec
sound,
Diacrante‘ric, 2. Ava/. [f. Gr. i through,
apart + xpavtipes the wisdom teeth + -1c.]
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diacranteric, a term applied to
describe the dentition of those snakes in which the posterior
teeth are separated by longer intervals than the anterior.
So Diacrante‘rian a., in same sense.
in Cent. Dict.
ll ‘cre. Obs. rare. In 6 dyacre. [a. F.
diacre for OF. dtacne, ad, L, di@conus.| A deacon.
1523 Lp. Berners /voiss. I. ccccxlii. 779 There came ..a
byshop, a dyacre, and two knightes.
|| Dia‘crisis. Med. [mod.L. déacrisis, a. Gr.
Saxpiors, f. Braxplvey to separate; spec. to mark a
crisis in a fever. Cf. F. diacrise.] a. ‘A term for
the act of separation or secretion.’ b. ‘A critical
evacuation.” @. = DiaGnosis. Hence Diacri-
sio‘graphy, ‘a description of the organs of secre-
tion’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.).
1684 tr. Bonet's Merc. Compit. v1. 200 The Fermentation
causes such a diacrisis..in the mass of bloud., 1706 Puittirs
(ed, Kersey), Diacrisis, a separating, severing or dividing;
the Faculty of discerning, Judgment. In the Art of Physick,
a judging of and distinguishing Di with their respe
tive Symptoms. 1721 in Baitey. 1851-60 Mayne Expos.
Lex., Diacrisis .. synonymous with Diagnosis, which is the
term generally used.
Diacritic (doiikristik), a. and sd. [ad. Gr.
S:axpirixds, that separates or distinguishes, f. d:a-
xpivew to separate. In mod.F. diacritique.]
A. adj. Serving to distinguish, distinctive ; spec.
in Gram. applied to signs or marks used to dis-
tinguish different sounds or values of the same letter
or character; e.g. é, é, @, &, é, &, &,¢, etc.
[x62 Gate Crt. Gentiles 111. 87 Plato in his Repub. 9. makes
a Phil
josopher to be dpyavoy dcaxpurexéy, a diacritic or ver
critic instrument.] 1699 Watts fo Bf. Lloyd in Nicolson's
Epist. Corr. 1. 123 (T.), The Arabick 4a or cha—distin-
guished only by the diatritick points. 1875 T. Hitt 7'rne
Ord.Studies 106 Printed with diacritic signs, 1892 Nation
(N.Y.) at July 49/2 Printing ‘hi snds’..‘ brét,’ ‘twilit,’
éarlier,’ and other diacritic novelties,
sb. Gram, A diacritic sign or mark.
1866 A. J. Exrtis On Paleotype in Trans. Phil. Soc. 1867
App. I. 6 Lepsius’s Standard Alphabet in which. .as many
as two or three diacritics are ied to a single body. 1877
Sweet Phonetics 174 Even letters with accents and dia-
critics. . being only cast for a few founts, act practically as
306
new letters. did. 175 We may consider the / in sk and ¢h
prey bd as a diacritic written for convenience on a line with
the letter it modifies. 1888 Atheneum 1 Sept. 287/1 A system
_— requires several new types and makes constant use of
a eee agg Sie comias
Diacritical (daiikritikal), a.
-AL.]
1. Gram. =Du1acriti¢ a.
1749 B. Martin (ithe), Lingua Britannica Reformata: or
a universal English Dictior - Univ ty ical,
Orthographical, Orthoepicat, Diacritical. 1758 Jounson
Dict. Gram. Eng. Tongue, From fin the Islandick alphabet,
vis only distinguished by a diacritical point. 1840 MaLcom
Trav. 42/1 [In Siamese] there are thirty-four consonants ..
and twelve vowels, with several diacritical marks. 1867
A. J. Eris £. £. Pronunc, 1. i. 21 In quite recent day:
the innovation of diacritical signs arose as in French |
erman,. on ;
b. gen. Distinguishing, distinctive.
1857 Bircu Axnc. Pottery (1858) II. 343 The diacritical
marks of this ware are a paste of red coralline colour, [etc.]
ce. “Electr. (See quot.)
1884 S. P. THomrson Dynamo-Electr. Mach. (1888) 307
This number of ampére-turns he named the diacritical
number ; and the current producing half-saturation he called
the diacritical current.
[f. as prec. +
2. Capable, or showing a capacity, of distinguish- .
ing or discerning.
1856 ALEXANDER Life Dr. Wardlaw xix. 477 His intellect
was eminently dialectic and diacritical. 1865 Atheneum
24 June 837/2 Where is his diacritical power ?
Hence Diacri‘tically a/v.
1820 Blackw. Mag. V1. 198 Masoretically print it, dia-
critically compose it. :
Diactinic (daiekti‘nik),a. Optics. [f. D1-3=
Dia-1 + Gr. deriv. a ray + -1¢.] Having the
property of transmitting the actinic rays of light.
1867 W. A. Mitter Elemen. Chem. 1. (ed. 4) 230 Rock-salt,
fluor-spar, water..are almost as diactinic..as quartz, 1880
19th Cent. Mar. 529 Substances which are chemically trans-
parent are said to be diactinic. 1880 Atheneum 11 Dec.
781/3 Experiments which prove the diactinic character of
substances constructed on an open chain of carbon com-
pounds.
So Dia‘ctinism, ‘the condition of transparency
for chemical or actinic rays’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883).
Diaculum, a popular variant of DiacHyLum.
Diad, obs. form of Dyan,
Diadelph (doi-idelf). Bot. rare—9. [f. next ;
cf. didynam] A plant of the class Diadelphia,
1828 in WessterR ; whence in later Dicts.
|| Diadelphia (doiddelfia). Bot. [mod.L.
(Linnzeus 1735) f. Gr. &-, D1- 2 + a5eAgpds brother +
-1A.] The seventeenth class in the Linnzean Sexual
system, including plants with stamens normally
united in two bundles. Hence Diade‘lphian a.
1762 Hupson Flora Anglica, Diadelphia. 1794 MARTYN
Roussean's Bot. ix. 93 In the seventeenth class diadelphia,
the filaments are united at bottom. 1828 Wesstrer, Déa-
delphian, 1857 Henrrey Bot. ii. § 385 The Class Diadelphia
includes a large number of Papilionaceous genera.
Diadelphiec (doiadelfik), a. [f. as prec. + -1¢.]
a. Bot, =DIapELPHOUs. b. Chem. Of a com-
pound: Having the elements combined in two
groups.
1847 Craic, Diadelphic, pertaining to the class Dia-
delphia. 1866 E. Frankcanp Lect. Notes for Chem. Stud.
201 Non-nitrogenous organic compounds .. 1. The mon-
adelphic, or marsh-gas type. 2. The diadelphic, or methyl
ty
Diadelphous (daiadelfas), a. Bot, [f. as
prec. +-ous.] Of stamens: United by the fila-
ments so as to form two bundles. Of plants:
Having the stamens so united.
1807 J. E. Smrtu Phys. Bot. 442 The plants of this section
are really not diadelphous but monadelphous, 1870 BentLey
Bot. (1882) 248 When the filaments unite so as to form two
bundles, the stamens are termed diadelphous, as in the Pea,
Milkwort and Fumitory.
Diadem (daividem), %. [a. F. dyademe (13th
c.in Godef.), mod.F. diad?me, ad. L. diadéma, Gr.
5d5nya band or fillet, esp. the regal fillet of Persian
kings, adopted by Alexander of Macedon and his
successors; f. diadéerv to bind round, f. da- across,
through + 5éey to bind.]
1. A crown; an ornamental cincture or covering
for the head, worn as a symbol of honour, esf. of
royal dignity. (In quot. 1290, applied to the
aureola or crown of a martyr. Now chiefly foetic
and rhetorical.)
e12ago S. Eng. Leg. 1. 167/2125 Al round it orn a-boute is
heued, ase it werea dyademe, 1382 Wyctir Kev, xii. 3 And
lo! a greet reed drag hauynge heedes .. and in
the heedis of him seuen diademes. 1415 Hoccieve Jo Sir
¥. Oldcastle 232 O Constantyn. .O cristen Emperour.. Wel
was byset on thee thy diadeeme ! 1513 More in Grafton
Chron. (1568) 11. 807 In habite royall with Scepter in hande
and Diademe on his head. 1602 Suaks. //am, ul. iv. 100
A vice of kings .. That from a shelfe, the precious Diadem
stole, And put it in his Pocket. 17853 Witkins Bhagvat 69,
I wish to behold thee with the diadem on thy head. a x
aren Poems (1864) U1. 433 Many a gem Fit for a Sultan's
em.
b. spec. A band or fillet of cloth, plain or adorned
with jewels, worn round the head, originally by
Oriental monarchs, as a badge of Ity. (The
original sense of the word in Gr, and L,)
DIADOCHE.
Nortu Plutarch (1612) $f Ba had sent ing
leme or royall band and called the name and
of Queene. Cow:
Notes, Diadems (which were used the
peeve ney rears -.-were Bindi
about the Head, set adorn’d with precious stones.
Greson reek Ses I, 388 Diocletian .. d to
the diadem .. It set
with Is, which encircled the emperor's head. 1882 Farrar
Early Chr. 11. 226 note, A diadem .. this badge of Oriental
autocracy—a purple silken fillet embroideved with
e. A wreath of leaves or flowers worn round
the head.
1530 Patscr. 213/2 Diademe of laurell, Zaureole. 1883
Alyra's Frnl. Aug., Diad of ge-fil have been
more worn lately.
da. Her. (See quots.)
1727-51 Cuampers Cycl., Diadem, in , is i
to certain circles, or rims, serving to bind or inclose the
crowns of sovereign princes; and to bear the globe, and
cross, or the flower-de-luces, for their crest. 1787 Porny
Elem. Heraldry Gloss., Diadem ..is now en
to signify the Circles, which close on the top of the WS
of Sovereigns, and support the Mound. :
2. fig. The authority or dignity symbolized by
a diadem ; royal or imperial dignity, sovereignty ;
= Crown sé. 3.
@ 1300 Cursor M. 22357 (Cott.) Pan sal he fare to iursalem
.. and yeild up bare his diademe. a 1400-50 Alexander
3240 Don agayne pe dignite, be diademe of Pers, And all pe
ri3tis of pi rewme resayue as before. 1548 Hatt Chron. 224
That the Erle of Richemond, should once attein to the
Crowne and diademe of the realme. 1602 Futpecke Pan-
dectes 10 Such things can not be seuered from the princely
Diadem, 1789 Betsuam E&ss. I. xviii. 348 A diadem could
not .. raise the personal character of the Protector. 1821
Byron Mar. Fal. 1. ii. 173 Old Dandolo Refused the diadem
of all the Czsars.
3. fig. A distinction or adornment conferring glory
or dignity, figured as a crown.
1526 Pilger. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 7 b, They shall receyue
of the hande of god the crowne of glory and diademe of
honour. 1605 Campen Rem. 3 One of the fairest .. Plumes
in the triumphant Diademe of the Roman Empire. 1825
J. Neat Bro. Fonathan 111. 370 The name of Yankee was
a reproach here; it was a diadem there.
4. transf. Something that surmounts and adorns
like a crow; a crowning ornament.
1781 Cowrer Ketirement 82 The crescent moon, the
diadem of night, Stars countless, each in his appointed
lace, Fast anchored. 1817 Byron Manfred 1. i. 64 Mont
Diane is the monarch of mountains; 1 crown'd him
long ago On a throne of rocks, in a robe of clouds, With
a diadem of snow. 1845-75 Mackay Seven Angels of Lyre
iii, A rainbow is her diadem.
5. Short for diadem-monkey.
6. Surg. In Lat. form diadema: A bandage for
the head. 1811 in Hoorer Med. Dict.
7. attrib. and Comb., as diadem-shaped adj. ;
diadem-lemur, a species of /ndris; diadem-
monkey, Cercopithecus diadematus; diadem-
spider, the garden spider, Zperra diadema.
1851 D. Witson Preh. Ann. (1863) IL. m1. v. 143 Diadem,
and coronet sha) ornaments, H. Mitter Sch, §
Schm. (1858) 67 The large diadem spider, which spins so
strong a web.
Di‘adem, v. [f. prec. sb.] ¢rvans. To place a
diadem upon ; to adorn with or as with a diadem ;
to crown. Chiefly in pa. Aple.: cf. next.
1362 Lana. ?. 72. A, 11, 268 Dauid schal ben dyademed
and daunten hem alle. 1738 Pore Efi/. to Sat.n, 232 When
diadem’d with rays divine .. Her Priestless Muse forbids
the Good to die. 1777 Six W. Jones Turkish Ode Poems
1 And every stalk is diadem'd with flowers. 1826 H. H.,
/1LSON tr. Uitara Rdma Cheritra 46 Hills, whose tower-
ing peaks Are diademed with clouds, 1858 Neate Bernard
- gt age 13 The Judge that comes in mercy. . To diadem
the right. :
Hence Diademed (dai‘idemd) ff/. a., wearing
or adorned with a diadem i
. WitiiaMms Shrove Tuesday (1794) 9 Where $
Ph a and toga’d stride, 1805 Sourney in Aan. Aer.
III. 556 One of the three diademed princes, 1840 Carty.
Heroes iii. (1891) 79 Is he not obeyed, worshipped after his
sort, as all the Tiaraed and Diademed of the world . . could
not be? 1892 A ¢henaum 19 Mar. 380/1 Draped diademed
bust of the empress.
Diademated (dairidémé'téd), pp/ a. ? Obs.
(F L. diadémat-us (£. Gr. &adnpa DiapeM) + -ED.]
Jearing a diadem ; diademed.
1727 Baitey vol. 11, Diade’mated, wearing a Diadem,
Crown or Turbant. 1763 Swinton in PAs. Trans, LIV.
‘The first of these als presents to our view a diade-
mated head, 1770 /bid. LX. 84 note, Coins. . with diademated
heads upon them. , :
|| Diade-xis. J/ed. Obs.—°. [a. Gr. diddefis,
n. of action f. d:a5éxeo@a to relieve one another,
succeed.] A transposition of humours in the body
from one place to another.
1811 in Hoorer Med. Dict. 1847 in Cratc.
\| Diadoche (deijeddk?). [a. Gr. d:ad0xh suc-
cession, f. d:adéyecOar: see prec.) Succession ;
spec. in Med, (see quots.) 4 ;
1706 Puittirs (ed. Kersey), Diadoche, in the Art of Ph i
the succeeding or progress of a Disease, to its change call
Crisis. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diadoche, the exchange of one
disease — another of ed ha ean fo ne
i ion. 1. Rev. + 25)
dintochs ‘of early G at gh opt but a broken and
fitful succession,
DIADOCHIAN.
Diadochian (daiadawkian), a. [f. Gr. b:a50x-05
succeeding, successor (see prec.) +-IAN.] Belong-
ing to the Déadochi or Macedonian generals among
whom the empire of Alexander the Great was di-
vided after his death, or to their time.
. [1855 Grore Greece X11. 362 The interests of these Diadochi
—Antigonus, Ptolemy, Seleucus, Lysimachus.] 1881 J. T.
Crarke Rep. Lnvest. Assos in Papers Archeol. Inst. Amer.
Class. Ser. I. 40 Amonument of small dimensions and lavish
Diadochian ornamentatioh.
Diadochite (doijzddkoit). Ax. [mod. f. Gr.
5:a50xos (see prec.) +-ITE, Named by Breithaupt in
1837, from his belief that phosphorus had succeeded
arsenic in its composition.) Hydrous phosphate
and sulphate of iron, of brown or yellowish colour
and resinous appearance.
1850 Dana AZin. 454. 1851 Warts tr. Gielin's Chem. V.
246 Diadochite..Resembles iron-cinder in. .appearance.
|| Diadosis (deije'ddsis). Med. [a. Gr. dadoars,
f, drads5bvae to hand .pver, distribute.] a. Distri-
bution of nutritive material to the body. b. Re-
mission or decline of a disease.
121 in Bawey, 1811 in Hoorer Med. Dict.
+ Di‘adrom, -ome. 02s. [ad. Gr. d:adpopuy a
running through or across, f. 5a + dpou- ablaut stem
of Spapeiv to run.] A vibration of a pendulum.
1661 Boyte Examen vy. (1682) 55 In Water the Diadromes
are so much more slow [than in air]. 1690 Locke Ham, Und.
Iv. x. § 10. 293 A Pendulum, whose Diadroms .. are each
equal to one Second of ‘lime.
Dizresis (doaije'r/sis, -ivr/sis). Also dieresis.
[a. L. déwresis, a. Gr. daipeots, n. of action f.
d:aupé-erv to divide, separate. ]
1. The division of one syllable into two, esp. by the
separation of a diphthong into two simple vowels.
1656 Biount Glossogr. s.v. Dieretic, The figure Dieresis,
whereby one syllable is divided into two parts, as Zvoluisse
for Evolvisse. 1785 JouNsom, Dizresis, the separation or
disjunction of syllables; as aér. 1887 Rosy Lat. Gram.
(ed. 5) 1. 478 Divresés, ‘separation’ of one vowel sound into
two; e.g. Orphéts for Orphétis also the treatment of a
usually consonantal vas a vowel ; e. g. siliiae for silvae.
b. The sign [*] marking such a division, or,
more usually, placed over the second of two vowels
which otherwise make a diphthong or single sound,
to indicate that they are to be pronounced sepa-
rately.
1611 Corer. N nnn, Dizresis is when two points ouer a
vowell diuide it from another vowell, as doué, gueué.
1706 Puitutrs (ed. Kersey) s. v. Diwresis, An é,i or ti
Dieresis, to show that such a vowel is sounded byit self and
not joyn’d with any other, so as to make a Diphthongue.
1767 G. SHarve Grk. Tongue 16 (R.) If any two vowels
are to be read as two distinct syllables, the latter is marked
with a dizresis, or two dots over it; mais, boy, and aiimros,
sleepless. 1824 J. Jonnson 7'yfogr. II. xi. 284 The dizresis
("] separates two vowels, that they may not be taken for
a diphthong. eae : :
2. Prosody. The division made in a line or a verse
when the end of a foot coincides with the end of a
word.
1844 Beck & Fettontr. MZusk's Metres 39 From the coin-
cidence and disagreement of verse-series and word-series
springs the idea of the dizresis and casura (Siaipeois and
ou.%), abscission and incision.
Surg. Separation of parts normally united, as
by a wound or burn, the lancing of an abscess, etc.
1706 in Puixuirs (ed. Kersey), 1727-51 CuamBers Cyci.
s.v. Dizwresis, There are five manners of performing the
dizresis viz. by cutting, pricking, tearing, drawing and
burning. 1883 Syd. Soc, Lex., Dizvresis, a division of parts
from a wound, or burn; a solution of continuity, produced
by mechanical means. is, \
4. gen. (nonce-use.) Division, separation.
1856 ALEXANDER Life Wardlaw xiii. 331 This dizresis
of opinion has separated ethical writers into two sections.
Dieretic (doijéretik), a. and sé. Also die-
retic. fad. Gr. diaiperuds divisible, of or by
division, f. d:a:perds, vbl. adj. f. S:acpetv.; see prec. ;
ef. F. a cies (Littré).]
A. adj. Of, pertaining to, or by means of dizeresis
or division.
1640 G. Watts tr. Bacon's Adv, Learn. v1, ii. 231 The
others [methods], as the analytic, systatic, dizretic, etc.
1656 BLount Glossogr., Dieretick, pertaining to a division,
or the figure Dizeresis. kg he Mayne Exfos, Lex. 269/1
Having power to divide, dissolve, or corrode ; escharotic,
corrosive, dieretic, 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dieretic.
B. sb. Med. A caustic or corrosive agent. Obs.
1721 BaiLey, Divretics, medicines which corrode and eat.
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diwretic, an old term for a caustic.
Diafragma, -fragme, obs. ff. DriaPpHRAGM.
Diagenesis (doidjdzenésis). [mod. f. Gr. d:a-
across + yéveots generation, origination: GENESIS.]
Transformation by dissolution and recombination
of elements. Hence Diagene’tic a., of or pertain-
ing to diagenesis.
1886 T.S. Hunt Mineral Physiol. § Physiogr. 173 The
reactions. .resulting not only in the conversion of amorphous
into crystalline bodies, but in the breaking up of old com-
binations, as well as in the union of unlike matters mechani-
cally mingled to form new crystalline species, are instruc-
tive examples of what Giimbel has termed diagenesis. [bid.,
An instructive phase in this diagenetic process is that of the
dual i ller crystalline grains or crystals
into larger ones.
307
Diageotropic (daiaydgzotrp'pik), a. Bot. [f.
Gr, da across + yf, yeo- the earth + tpomexds belong-
ing to turning.] Characterized by diageotropism.
1880 C. & F. Darwin Movem. Pl. 189 The rhizomes of
Sparganium ramosum grow out horizontally in the soil to
a considerable length, or are diageotropic. 1882 F, Darwin
in Nature XXV. 600 A diageotropic organ is one which
possesses the power of growing at right angles to the line of
gravitation. > 1g ; :
Diageotropism (doiadziptrpiz’m). Bot.
[f prec.: see -IsM.] The tendency in parts of
plants to grow transversely to the earth’s,radius.
1880 C. & F. Darwin Movem. Pl. 5 Diageotropism, a
position more or less transverse to the radius of the earth.
Diaglyph (dei-iglif). rare. [f. stem of Gr.
diayAvpew to carve through, carve in intaglio, f.
&a- through + yAvpew to carve: in mod.F. diaglyphe
(Hatz.-Darm.).] A sculpture or engraving in which
the figures are sunk below the general surface ; an
intaglio. Hence Diagly‘phic a., pertaining to, or
of the nature of, such sculpture.
Evelyn’s name for the art is after Gr. yAuduxn (sc. téxvn).
[1662 Evetyn Chalcogr. (1769) 16 Diaglyphice, when
hollow, as in seals and intaglias. 1819 P. Nicnotson 4 chit.
Dict. 1. 9 The Diaglyphice where the strokes [of the figures]
are indented.] 1864 WesstER, Diaglyphic. 1889-Century
Dict., Diaglyph.
Diagnosable (deiagnowzab'l), a. [f. next +
-ABLE.] Capable of being diagnosed.
1891 Scot. Leader 24 Sept. 6 Before it [tubercular disease]
became in the individual diagnoseable.
Diagnose (daiagndwz), v. Med. [f. next; cf.
anastomose, metamorphose (immediately after F.
verbs in -oser from a sb. in -ose).] trans. To
make a diagnosis of (a disease), to distinguish and
determine its nature from its symptoms; to recog-
nize and identify by careful observation.
1861 WynTER Soc. Bees 339, | was enabled to diagnose the
complaint at once. 1877 Roerts //andbk. Med. (ed. 3) I.
231 Articular rheumatism has also to be diagnosed from the
other forms. 1887 Homcop. World 1 Nov. 497, 1 diagnosed
chronic jaundice.
fig. 1879 Tourcre Fool's Err. ii. 11 Her heart had
diagnosed the symptoms. 1885 7¥ses 13 Aug. 4/1 It. is not
difficult for me to diagnose. .the name of the ‘ former house-
surgeon’ who wrote to you.
b. adsol. or intr.
1882 ATTFIELD in Standard 23 Aug. 2/2'The pharmacist. .
attempting to diagnose while knowing nothing about the
human frame.
Diagnosis (doiagndu'sis), Pl--oses. [a. L.
diagnosts, Gr. diayvwos, n. of action f. iayyvo-
oxew to distinguish, discern, f. d:a- through, thor-
oughly, asunder + yyvwoxew to learn to know,
perceive. In F. diagnose in Moliere: cf. prec.]
1. Med. Determination of the nature of a diseased
condition ; identification of a disease by careful in-
vestigation of its symptoms and history ; also, the
opinion (formally stated) resulting from such in-
vestigation.
1681 tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Diagnosis, di-
lucidation, or knowledg. x P. P. Price (¢étde) A Trea-
tise on the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Disease. 1834 J.
Forbes Lennec’s Dis. Chest(ed. 4) 199 It is in the diagnosis
- of pneumonia .. that the greatest practical benefit of aus-
cultation will be found. 1855 O. W. Hotmes Poems 274
The diagnosis was made out, They tapped the patient ; so
he died. 1872 Baker Nile Tribut. i. 8 The crows can form
a Lag correct diagnosis upon the case of a sick camel.
1878 H, S. Witson Alp. Ascents iv. 132 Then came the
pad wit a severe contusion and strain of right
ee.
b. transf. and fig.
1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (1872) 11. vi. xviii. 253
Perception is essentially adiagnosis. 1 G. Durr Pol,
Surv. 113 Our diagnosis of the character of a person. 1892
Spectator 1 Oct. 438/1 [Swindlers] seem to possess, in an
extraordinarily high degree, the power of moral diagnosis,—
of telling what are the weak spots in the mind of the
ordinary man. as
2. Biol. etc. Distinctive characterization in precise
terms, (of a genus, species, etc.).
1853 J. Linptey Veget. Kingd. 371
Di i iaaiat 3 ig
Tiliacez, Linden-
blooms ..
with free stainens
- on the outside of a disk, albuminous seeds, and straight
embryo. 7854, Bapuam Halieut. 235 Specimens .. in a fit
condition for diagnosis. 1858 WHEweELt Nov. Org. Renov. 23
‘The Diagnosis, or Scheme of the Characters, comes, in the
order of philosophy, after the Classification, 1874 Jrvons
Prin. Science (1877) 708 This operation of discovering to
which class of a system a certain specimen or case belongs,
is generally called Diagnosis. 1880 GunTHEer Fishes 10
‘The ‘Genera Piscium’ contains well-defined diagnoses of 45
genera. Ae!
ost (daiagngst). vare—°. [ad. Gr.
diayvworns one who examines and decides, agent-
n. from diayryvwoxev: see Diacnosis.] =D1sc-
NOSTICIAN,
Diagnostic (doiigng’stik), a. and sd. [ad.
Gr, d:ayvwortxds able to distinguish, 7 duayvworiKeh
(sc. réxvn) the art of distinguishing diseases, f. d:a-
yeyvwonev: see Diracnosis. Cf. F. déagnostique
(17th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).]
1. Of or pertaining to diagnosis.
1625 Harr Axat. Ur. 1. i. 13 Physicke dia:
semioticke..teacheth vs to know the nature..
‘osticke or
the disease
DIAGONAL.
by the signes..of the same. 1654 WuitLock Zootomia 46
The Diagnostick and disease-discovering Part. 1775 Sir
E. Barry Odserv. Wines 394 The diagnostic knowledge ..
of these symptoms. 1884 E. Sueprarp in Law Times 4 Oct.
373/2 The judgment and diagnostic skill of the .. medical
practitioner.
2. Of value for purposes of diagnosis, discrimina-
tion, or identification; specifically characteristic,
distinctive: a. in A/ed.; b. in Aiol.; ©. gen.
a. 1650 Butwer Anthropomet. 4 As to the signes Diag-
nostick, a vitious figure of the head is known by sight. 1737
Bracken Farvriery [mpr. (1756) 1. 306 The Diagnostick
Signs of a Dog truly mad. 1885 Lancet 26 Sept. 562 ‘The
most important diagnostic signs of pleural effusion.
1862 Sir H. Hotianp Ess., Life & Organization 79
The teeth .. so important a diagnostic mark. ap LIVER
Elem. Bot. u. 124 The brief characters which .. distinguish
these species from each other are said to be diagnostic.
1875 BuckLanp Log-64. 244 Much has been said as to the
tail being a diagnostic mark between the wild and tame cat.
ec. 1669 Address Yung. Gentry Eng. 17 Necessary aphor-
isms to regulate their own lives by, and be diagnostic of all
others. 1803 Ldin. Rev. I. 256 note, The sel-reviewing
philosophy would have been a term more diagnostic. 1888
Pall Mall G. 28 Apr. 11/2 The 7imes cannot regard the
Mid Lanark election as possessing any particular diagnostic
value.
B. sé. ; sometimes in collect. p/. diagnostics.
1, =Diacnosis 1.
1625 Hart Anat. Ur. 1. ii. 13 Diagnosticke whose most
common scope is to discerne..the sick and infirme from the
whole. 1669 W. Simpson //yadvol. Chynt. 94, 1 fear the
Doctor mistakes in his diagnosticks. 1753 N. Torrtano
Gangr. Sore Throat 10 From this Appearance of the Blood,
no Diagnostic can be formed of the Disease. 1803 A/ed.
9Frul. 1X. 126 The disease, the diagnostic of which he found
difficult to determine. 1855 Macautay //ist. Eng. 1V. 530
Radcliffe. .had raised himself to the first practice in London
chiefly by his rare skill in diagnostics.
Jig. 8 Burke Late St. Nat. Wks. 1842 1. 89 The false
diagnostick of our state physician. 1874 L. SteruEen //ours
in Libr, (1892) I. ix. 335 May be described as a system of
religious diagnostics.
2. A distinctive symptom or characteristic, a
specific trait: a. in A/ed. b. Aitol. and gen.
@ 165rWittie Privvrose’s Pop. Err. 225 Vhat Physitian. .
having fully found out the diagnosticks, and prognosticks
of a disease. 1751 Smoucetr Per. Pic. (1779) II. Iii. 158
From these diagnostics [the physician] declared that the
ligquidum nervosunt was intimately affected. 1764 Rrip
Inquiry vi. § 23. 194 An unusual appearance in the colour
of familiar objects may be the diagnostic of a disease in the
spectator. 1853 Reape Chr. Yohnstone 15 You have the
maladies of idle minds, love, perhaps, among the rest; you
blush, a diagnostic of that disorder.
b. 1646S. Botton Arraignum. Err.144 What are the Diag-
nosticks or marks whereby we may. .discern of errour from
truth. 1748 Ricnarpson Clarissa (1811) VII. ix. 53 Oaths,
and curses, the diagnostics of the rakish spirit. 1818 Blackw.
Mag. 11. 404 The diagnostics (if so technical a term may
be allowed) of his conduct, deportment, and conversation.
1826 Kirpy & Sp. Entomol, (1828) 1V. xlvii. 405 We cannot
point out any certain diagnostic.
Diagno'stically, ad. [f. prec.+-an+-1y?.]
By means of diagnosis, with reference to diagnosis.
1657 G. Starkey Helmont's Vind. 51 By Rules set down
to finde out the disease Diagnostically. 1891 PadZ MaliG.
21 Oct. 5/2 Diagnostically and therapeutically it was only
the amount of the dose which determined the effect.
Diagnosticate (daiagny'stike't), v. [fas prec.
+-ATES: cf. F. déagnostiquer.} = DIAGNOSE v.
1846 ‘I. Cattaway Dislocations (1849) Could it [a compli-
cation] be clearly diagnosticated. 1863 Lytton Ca.rtoniana
I. 44 It assumes to diagnosticate in cases that have baffled
the Fergusons. 1871 Hammonp Dis. Nervous Syst. 47 From
thrombosis cerebral congestion is diagnosticated by the
circumstances that, [etc.].
So Diagnostication = DIAGNoOsIs.
1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. :
Diagnostician (dei:agnpsti‘fan). [f. as prec.
+-IAN.] One who is skilled in diagnosis.
1866 A. Fuint Princ. Med, (1880) 108 The mental quali-
fications of the skilful diagnostician. 1894 Pop. Sct. Monthly
XLIV. 478 By the skilled teacher I now mean the one who
is an expert diagnostician of powers.
Diago’meter. LZvectr. [ad. F. diagomeétre, f.
Gr. biayev to carry across, conduct + peTpoy mea-
sure.] An instrument designed to measure the
electro-conductive power of various substances.
1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem. II. 314 Diagometer, an elec-
trical apparatus, intended for the detection of adulterations
in olive oil, this oil being said to have less electric conduct-
ing power than other fixed oils. 1886 WormeLt tr. Vou
Urbanitzky's Electr. in Serv. Man (1890) 109 In the con-
struction of his diagometer, an instrument which makes use
of the different conducting powers of substances for the
determination of their chemical combination.
+ Diragon, sd. Obs. [ad.mod.L. diagonus, ad.
Gr. b:aywrtos: see DiaGoNAL.] = DIAGONAL sd. I.
[1563 Suute Archit. Diva, A strike ouerthwarte the
ee square from corner to corner, that line is named
iagonus.] 1656 BLount Glossogr., Diagon or Diagonal.
+Diagon, v. Obs. rare. [f. prec.; cf. para-
gon vb.) trans. ? To join by a diagonal line.
1610 W. FoLxincHaM Art of Survey u. v. 55 To Rectifie
the Plot: diagone alternate angles.
Diagonal (daijegénal), @ and sb. [ad. L.
diagonalis (Vitruvius), f. Gr. d:ayav-1os from angle
to angle, f. 54 across + ywvia angle: see -AL I. 2,
Cf. F. diagonal (13th c. in Littré).]
A f
. adj.
1. Geom. Extending, as a line, from any angular
9*—2
DIAGONAL.
point of a quadrilateral or multilateral figure to an
Fae py or non-adjacent angular point. (Also ap-
plied to a plane extending from one edge of a solid
figure to the opposite edge.) Hence gen. Extending
from one corner of anything to the opposite corner.
1541 [implied in DiaGonaty]. 1563 SHuTE Archit. Civa,
The diagonall line marked B. 1§70 Bittincstey Luctid x1.
xxxix. 354 Diagonall lines drawen from the opposite angles.
1660 Boome Archit. Ab, The square .. crossed with two
Diagonall lines. 1823 H. J. Brooke /ntrod. Crystallogr.
12 The diagonal plane of a solid .. is an imaginary plane
passing —— the diagonal lines of two exterior parallel
lanes. 1859 R. F. Burton Centr. A/r.in Frnl. Geog. Soc.
KXIX, 156 From east to west the diagonal breadth of
Mgunda Mk’‘hali is 140 miles,
2. More loosely: Having an oblique direction
like the diagonal of a square or other parallelogram ;
lying or passing athwart ; inclined at an angle other
than a right angle (usually about 45°).
1665 [see 4]. 1796 /ustr. §& Keg. Cavalry (1813) 57 By the
diagonal march of divisions either to front or rear, 1821
Craic Lect. Drawing vi. 350 A supposed diagonal line from
the outer corner of each eye. 1831 Larpner Pnewmat. iv.
257 Every change in the position of the surface of the
mercury .. will be three times as great in the diagonal
barometer as it would be in the vertical one. 1851 De La
Becur Grol, Ods. 612 Diagonal arrangements of the minor
parts..are very common in many sandstones. 1867 SmyTH
Sailor's Word-bk., Diagonal braces, knees, planks, etc. are
such as cross a vessel's timbers obliquely, 1876 Matnews
Coinage i. 7 On some English coins of last century the milling
is diagonal to the edge.
8. Marked with diagonal or oblique lines, or
having some part placed diagonally or obliquely.
Diagonal bellows : a bellows (in an organ) having its sides
inclined at an angle. Diagonal cloth: a twilled fabric
having the ridges diagonal, i.e. running obliquely to the lists.
Diagonal couching (in needlework) : couching in which the
stitches form a zig-zag pattern. Diagonal scale: a scale
marked with equidistant parallel lines crossed at right angles
by others at smaller intervals (e.g. 4 of the larger), and
having one of the larger divisions additionally crossed by
parallels obliquely placed ; used for measurement of small
fractions (e.g. hundredths) of the unit of length.
1679 Sir J. Moore J/ath, (1681) 224 Then taking 1 PJ 10
from any line of equal parts or Diagonal Scale, prick 1t on AD
six times. 1824 Gi/l's Techn. Repos. V1. 199 ‘The proposed
Diagonal Pavement in the streets of London. 1876 Hites
Catech. Organ. viii. (1878) 52 Afterwards diagonal or wedge-
shaped bellows came into use. 1879 Mosetey Naturalist
on Challenger 473 A wide patch of diagonal ornamentation
upon the abdomen. 1882 Cautreitp & Sawarp Dict.
Needlework 152 Diagonal couching .. is chiefly employed in
Church Work. 1883 A. E. Seaton Mar. Engineering 55
Any engine whose cylinders are not perfectly horizontal may
.. be called Diagonal.
4. Comb., as diagonal-built a.,(a boat or ship)
having the outer skin consisting of two layers of
planking making angles of about 45° with the keel
in opposite directions; diagonal-planed a. (sce
quot. 1805-17); diagonal-wise adv. = DI1AGoNn-
ALLY.
1665 Phil. Trans. 1. 84 They may make up a Cylinder
cut Diagonal wise. 180§-17 R. JAMESON Char. Min, (ed. 3)
212 A crystal is said to be diagonal planed, when it has facets
-. situated obliquely. 1869 R. W. Meave Naval Archit.
416 In diagonal-built boats the skin consists of two layers of
planking.
B. sd.
1. Geom, A diagonal line ; a straight line joining
any two opposite or non-adjacent angles of a recti-
lineal figure (or of a solid contained by planes).
(1563 Suute Archit. Cijb, A lyne ouerthwart from the
one corner to the other, which line is called Dyagonalis.]
1571 Dicces Paxtom. iv. v. V iv, Wherby the diagonal ex-
ceedeth the side tore heer 1662 Hoses Seven Prod,
Wks. 1845 VII. 62 You pitched upon half the diagonal for
your foundation. 1827 Hutton Course Math. 1. 322 The
rectangle of the two diagonals of any quadrangle inscribed in
acircle. 1831 CartyLe Sart. Kes. 1. vii. 33 A square Blanket,
twelve feet in diagonal. 1847 Tennyson Princ. Concl. 27
Betwixt them both, to please them both, And yet to give the
story as it rose, I moved as in a strange diagonal, And may-
be neither pleased myself nor them. 1871 T'yNpaL. /vagm.
Se. (1879) 1. iv. 115 The short diag: of the large Nicol
[prism] was in the first instance vertical.
_ b. A diagonal ‘line’ or row of things arranged
ina — or other parallelogram (e.g. of squares
on a chess-board).
ce. A part of any structure, as a beam, plank, etc.,
placed diagonally.
1837 GorinG & Prircuarp Microgr. 112 The light stopped
by the diagonals of the engiscope. 1853 Sir i. DouGtas
Milit. Bridges 330'The diagonals 6 c, Y c’, having the quality
ofties. 1874 Knicur Dict. Mech. 1. 691 Diagonal, a timber
brace, knee, plank, truss, etc., crossing a vessel's timbers
obliquely.
2. = diagonal cloth (see A. 3): @. a soft ma-
terial used for embroidery ; b. a black coating for
men’s wear. '
1861 Ure Cotton Bdawae 24 (ed. 2) IL, 259 A fustian, with a
small cord running in an obliquedirection. .is called diagonal.
1878 A. Bartow //ist, Weaving Gloss., Diagonals, fancy
lozenge pattern cloths. 1883 Daily News 19 Sept. 6/6 Thin
meltons, diagonals, and serges. 1890 R. Beaumont Colour
in Woven Design 268 Diagonals are but plainly coloured.
Diagonarlity. rare. [f. prec. + -1ry.] The
quality of being diagonal or having an oblique
position.
1859 R. F. Burton Centr. A/r. in rnd. Geog. Soc. XX1X.
290 The Katonga river. .is supposed to fall into the Nyanza
_ 808
-- This diagonality may result from the compound incline
produced by the northern of the n%
1
so
and the sout P
Dia‘ e, v. rare. [f. as prec, + -12k.]
intr. ‘To move in a diagonal.
1884 ‘Tennyson Becket u. ii, His Holiness, pushed one wa
by the Empire and poet England, if he move at all,
eaven stay him, is fain to diagonalise. Herbert. Dia-
gonalise ! thou art a word-monger ! Our Thomas never will
diagonalise. [Cf DiaGonat B. x quot. 1847.]
onally (dal,se- gonial), adv. [f. as prec.
+-Ly4%.] Ina diagonal direction ; so as to extend
from on@angle or corner to the opposite. Also:
In a slanting direction or position, obliquely.
1541 R. Cortann Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., Two ape
wayes that descende fro the kydnees that entre by the sydes
of the bladder dyagonelly. 1 Urqunart Kadelais 1.
viii. (1694) I. 29 Six hundred Ells .. of blew Velvet .. dia-
gonally purled. 1774 Pennant Tour Scotl. in 1772, 23 The
upper part being set diagonally within the lower. 1837
Gorinc & Pritcuarp A/icrogr. 121 A coarse piece of canvas,
with the fibres running diagonally. 1855 H. Spencer Princ,
Psychol. (1870) I. v. ii. 518 The diagonally opposite angle.
At o’nial, a. and sd. Obs. [f. Gr. davon
os DIAGONAL + -AL.] = D1aGonaL; alsodiagonally
opposite; fig. diametrically opposed. Hence
+ Diago'nially adv.
1624 Wotton Archit. (1672) 41 The Di
thwart Line, from Angle to Angle, of the said Square. 1643
Miton Divorce u. i. (1851) 64 Both diagonial contraries.
1646 Sir T. Browne Psenud, Epid. u.v. 115 The shortnesse
being affixed unto the legs of one side, which might have
been more tolerably placed upon the thwart or Diagoniall
movers. /did.190 Which .. stands a thwart or diagonially
unto the other, 1668 H. More Div. Dial. 1. xx. (1713) 44
A Quadrate whose Diagonial is commensurate to one of the
Sides is a plain Contradiction. 1678 Cupwortu /ntedl. Syst.
1. v. 728 The diameter or diagonial of a square. -
Diagonic (daidgpnik), a. rare. [ad. L. dia-
gonicus (Vitruvius), a. Gr. dayovinds; see Dia-
GONAL and -I¢.] = D1aGonaL.
1592 R. D. Hypnerotomachia 7 Meeting together over the
Diagonike line. 1881 J. Mine in Nature 8 Dec. 126
This particular earthquake .. might therefore be called a
transverse or diagonic shock.
+ Dia‘gonite. J/@x. [Named by Bbreithaupt
in 1832 from its oblique crystallization.) An ob-
solete synonym of BREWSTERITE.
1844 Dana Min, 325.
+ Dia‘gony. Os. [ad. L. diagonius, Gr. da-
yevios DIAGONAL.) =DIAGONAL sb.
1690 Leysourn Curs. Math. 325 [The Proportion] of the
Hexaedron’s. . Side to its Basial Diagony. /did. 326 Their
Axes or Diagonies.
bY Dia‘gorize, v. Obs. rare—). [f. Gr. ba
‘onial or over-
through + dyopa public assembly, forum, market- |
place +-1zE.] ¢rans. To proclaim in the market-
place.
1633 T. Apams Exp. 2nd Peter iii. 4. 1174 Let their pains —
- be employed in weeding up those Diagoriz’d opinions.
i daiagraem), sb. [a. F. diagramme,
or ad. L. diagramma, Gr. daypappa that which is
marked out by lines, a geometrical figure, written
list, register, the gamut or scale in music, f. duatypa-
qewv to mark out by lines, draw, draw out, Write
in a register, f. &a- through + ypapev to write.]
1. Geom. A figure composed of lines, serving to
illustrate a definition or statement, or to aid in the
proof of a proposition,
Polar diagram : a spherical polygon, #.¢. one traced on
the surface of a sphere, whose sides are arcs joining the
poles of the sides of, a given spherical polygon.
1645 N. Stone Enchir. Fortif. 68 The Diagram on the
Table directs for the making of it thus. /éid. 74 Diagram,
a word used by the Mathematicks for any thing that is
demonstrated by lines. Berxetey Analyst § 50 The
diagrams in a i ration. 1879 T!
DIAGRAPH.
action or process, or the variations which charac-
terize it; e.g. the intensity of action or a
the rise and fall of temperature or pressure, of
death-rate, rate of emigration, rate of exchange,
the derivation and mutual relation of languages,
etc. b. A delineation used to symbolize related .
abstract oe niga mental aco
Often with defining prefixed, as indicator-diagram
(in the steam-engine), acceleration-, force-, velocity-dia-
gram.
1839 R. S. Rosinson Naut. Steam Eng. 157 The di
points out that the steam port was now i
News 30 Sept. 2/2 Five successive shots .. within a few feet
of each other .. In small-arm parlance, the gun has made
a wonderfully ‘good diagram’. Watson & Bursury
Math. Th. Electr. & Magn. 1. 242 We may oe the
thermoelectric powers of different metals at different tem-
peratures by a di 1893 Minto Logic 1. 1. ii. 64 The
relations between terms in the four forms are represented
by simple di s known as Euler's circles.
+4. After Greek usage: A list, register, or enu-
meration; a detailed inscription ; also, ‘ the title
of a booke’ (Cockeram 1623). Ods.
1631 Weever Anc, Fun, Mon.8 An Epitaph is. .an astrict
pithie Diagram, writ .. vpon the tombe ., declaring .. the
name, the age..and time of the death of the therein
int 1662 STILLINGFL. Orig. Sacr. m1. iv. §9 In only
one Family .. he makes a Diagramme consisting of almost
an innumerable company of men.
+5. Mus. A musical scale, a gamut. Oés.
1656 Biount Glossogr., Diagram..in Musick is called a
proportion of measures distinguished by certain notes.
51 Cuambers Cycé. s. v., Guido Aretine improved this
refuse to be theoremed and diagramed. 1880 New Eng.
Frnl. Educ. 20 May PIS The of aca |
sent us. 1884 Health Exhib. Catal. 144/1 Diagram
results ofexperiments. 1884 F. V. Ixisn
Diagram Pref. 3 To diagram a few easy sentences.
(daiagramik), @. rare. iS prec.
sb.+-Ic.] Of the nature of a diagram ; diagram-
matic. Hence Diagra‘mically adv., in the manner
of a diagram.
1839 /ait's Mag. V1. 701 Referring our readers now to
the diagramic wood-cuts. 1885 Philad. Times 18 Ay
(Cent. Dict.), The folds of her skirts hanging diagramically
and stiffly.
i tic (daidgramee'tik), “fh Gr,
d:aypappar- stem of dkaypaypa DIAGRAM + -IC, after
Gr. ypapparieés.] Having the form or nature of
a diagram ; of or pertaining to diagrams.
1853 Sir W. Hamitton Discuss. (ed. 2) App. ii. 667 Aris-
totle undoubtedly had in his ye when he discriminates the
syllogistic terms, a certain diagrammatic contrast of the
figures. Jéid. 671 note, The several diagrammatic figures
are also each in a different position. 1 - Scorrern in
Orr's Circ. Sc. Chem. 305 The
scheme, 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. u. x. § 87 (1875)
268 Diagrammatic representations of births, marriages, and
deaths. Geir Gt. /ce Age xviii. 242 Diagrammatic
view of drift deposits of the basin of the Forth. 1884 Bower
& Scorr De Bary's Phaner. This arrangement appears
with quite diagrammatic regu rity in .. bast.
, a [See -at.] =prec.
1880 Sat, Rev. 15 May 637 Ina diagrammatical form.
Diagramma adv, [f. prec, +-Ly 2.]
In the form of a diagram ; wit Maauagaibe
representation,
ii. 671 note,
1853 Sir W. Hamivron Discuss. (ed. 2) A 4
For the first syllogistic figure, the terms, without authorit
from Aristotle, are diagrammatically placed upon a level,
375 Cro Climate & = xix. 313 The variations of eccen-
tricity .. are. re nted to eye diagramma' in
Plate iv 1881 Ay Bower in Yrud. Microsc. Sc. 15 Jan.,
R : g ?
& Tair Nat. Phil. 1.1. § 134 Another closed or open polygon,
pei what is called the polar diagram to he gi
Nyt get ‘ ‘ :
2. An illustrative figure which, without
senting the exact a jue of an object, gives
an outline or general scheme of it, so as to exhibit
the shape and relations of its various parts.
Hence applied to such different designs as a map of the
heavens, a delineation of a crystal, a representation of micro-
scopic forms, etc. Floral di (Bot.): a linear drawing
showing the position and number of the parts of a flower as
seen on a transverse section.
1619 en ree 3 pear =e Comet 16, tet entreat
you to examine this follow jiagram. - CARPENTER
Geog. Del. 1. v. 11x To set downe in a Down both the
number and order of all the heavenly Orbs. 1727 Brapiey
Fam, Dict. s.v, Building, Uf the Workman be well skill'd
in perspective more than one face may be represented in one
Diagram, sce ically. 183x Brewster Newton ( 1855)
Il. xxii. 394 * scroll, on which is drawn a remarkable
diagram relative to the solar ee = 1855 ‘THACKERAY
Newcomes 1. xvii. 165 Illustrated by di the interview
which he had with that professor. ¢ Faravay /orces
Nat. 175, 1 have shown in this diagram .. the rays of a
candle, x Bennetr & Dyer Sachs’ Bot. ut. v. 524 Dia-
gram of the flower of Liliacex,
transf. 1860 Emerson Cond. Life, Consid. Wks. (Bohn)
II. 420 We learn geology the morning after the earthquake
of aioven mountains. Geo. Extor
hastly di
Dam. Der ith “xl
jagram inst a growth.
3. A sct of lines, marks, or tracings which repre-
sent symbolically the course or results of any
226 Turning himself into a sort of
root cap are more diagrammatically
arranged,
tize (doiigre’mitaiz), v. [f. Gr.
d:aypappar- stem of dudr-ypappa DIAGRAM + -1ZE ; cf.
Gr. d:arypappifer.] trans. To put into the form
of a diagram; to exhibit in a diagram.
1884 W. James in A/ind Jan. 18 It can be diagrammatised
as continuous with all the other seg of the subjective
stream. 1893 A thenaum 2 Dec. 73/3 There is not a single
picture of a section; they have all tized.
eter (daiigra’mitar . [f Dra-
GRAM sd, +-METER.] (See quot. :
1876 Catal. Sci. App. S. Kens. § 270 Holt’s Diagrammeter.
This instrument is specially le for measuring the ordi- |
nates of indi i .. and is used much after the
manner of a parallel rule.
(daivtigraf), sb.1 [f. Gr. dsaypapn
diagram, description, etc. f. da- through + ypagn
writing : cf. med.L. dtagraphum ‘ descriptio census’
J
+1. A description. Oés.
1727 in Bawey vol. II.
. = DIAGRAM 3b. rare.
1853 Sir W. Hamivron Discuss. A
What is indeed noticed now! .. a8 a Variation
from ‘ Aristotle's diagraph’. . the Major Term is not, in any
way placed ‘nearer to’ and ‘further from the Middle,’ for
“Diagraph (do\igral) 502 [a. F. diagraphe,
ai" » 5b, a. F. raphe,
f. stem of Gr, daypap-ev to’ mark out by lines,
draw ; cf. DiacraM.]
. ii. (ed. 2) 671 note,
DIAGRAPH.
1. An instrument used for drawing mechanically
projections of objects, enlarged copies of maps, ete. ;
it consists of a pencil governed by cords and
pulleys, and guided by the application of a pointer
to the object to be copied.
1847 Craic, Diagraph, a certain instrument used in per-
spective drawing, invented by M. Gavard, Paris, 185
Exhib. Catal. VII, 1187 Diagraphs and pantographs, for
copying maps. 1878 Bartiey tr. Topinara’s Anthrop. i.
iii. 269 The diagraph of Gavard. Nofe. Instrument by the
help of which drawings [of the skull] by projection are
obtained. 4 ;
2. A combined protractor and scale used in
plotting.
Diagraph, v. rare. [f. Gr. diaypapew: see
next.] ¢vans. To represent diagrammatically; =
DIAGRAM v,
1889 J. M. Rosertson Zss. Crit. Method 54 A set of
formulas supposed to describe or diagraph the dramatic
practice of Shakspere.
i c (daidgrefik’, @ [f. Gr. d&a-
ypaxp-ev to mark out by lines, d:aypapy marking
out by lines, geometrical, figure, diagram + -1¢, after
Gr. ypagpurds.] Of or pertaining to drawing or
graphic representation, Hence also Diagra‘phical
a. Obs., in same sense. Diagra‘phics, the art of
drawing.
[1601 Hotianp Pliny II. 537 The art Diagraphice, that is
to say, the skill to draw and paint in box-tables.] 1623
CockeraM, Diagrafical art, the art of painting, or caruing.
1656 BLount ve aed Diagraphick Art, the art of paint-
ing or graving. x80r Fuseu in Lect. Paint. i. (1848) 353
The diagraphic process .. is the very same with the linear
one we have described.
|| Diagry'dium. Pharm. Also 5 -gredie, 7
-gredium. [L. déagrydium (Celius Aurelianus
? 5th c.), according to Littré a corruption, through
association with names of drugs in da-, of Gr.
Saxpvdiov fa kind of scammony’, dim. of daxpu
tear, drop. In F. dtagréde.] An old name for
a preparation of scammony, used in pharmacy.
1436 Pol. Poencs (Rolls) 11. 173 Wee shulde have no nede
to skamonye, Turbit, euforbe, correcte, diagredie. a 1600
Customs Duties (Brit. Mus. Add. MS. No. 25697), Digre-
dum, the pounde. vis. viijd. 1625 Hart Anat. Ur. i. xi.
127 Mingled with.. powder of Diagridium. 1651 Biccs
eo Disp. ® 106 They hide Scamsnony under the name of
diagrediunt. 1741 Compl. Fam. Piece 1. i. 66 Take .. Dia-
gridium and Tartar-Vitriolate a Dram. 1825 Branpe J/av.
Pharmacy 157 In some old Pharmacopceiz .. methods of
correcting the acrimony of scammony are described, and to
such preparations they gave the name of diagridia.
Hence Diagry’diate @., made with diagrydium.
Also as sd.: see quots.
1657 Phys. Dict., Diagridiates, medicines that have scam-
mony or diagridium in their composition. 1684 tr. Bonet’s
Merc. Compit. ut. 99 With diagrydiate Purges. «#1734
Foyer (J.), All choletick humours ought to be evacuated
by diagrydiates. 1755 Jounson, Diagrydiates, strong pur-
gatives made with diagrydium. ; :
Diaheliotropic (doiajhZliotrg:pik), a. Bot.
[f. Gr. da across + HAcos sun + Tpome«ds pertaining
to turning.] Growing or moving transversely to
the direction of incident light; of or pertaining to
diaheliotropism.
1880 F. Darwin in Nature No, 582. 179 A diaheliotropic
organ has an inherent tendency to place itself at right angles
to the direction of the light. 1880 C, & F. Darwin Movem.
PZ. 441 Diaheliotropic movements.
Diaheliotropism (daiahZligtrdpiz’m). Bot.
[f. as prec.: see -IsM.] A tendency in leaves and
organs of plants to grow transversely to the direc-
tion of incident light.
1880 C. & F. Darwin Move. P?. 5 Diaheliotropism may
express a position more or less transverse to the light and
induced by it, 1882 F, Darwin in Nature 27 Apr. 600 The
power. .called 7vausversal Heliotropismus by A. B, Frank,
we have called diaheliotropism.
Diahy-dric, a. [f. Dia-1 + Gr. vdwp water + -1¢.]
1883, Ss Soc. Lex., Diahydric, through water; a term
applied by C. J. Williams to the percussion note obtained
from an organ separated from the parietes by a layer of fluid.
Dial (dail), 54.1. Also 5 dyale, dyel, 5-7
dyal(1, diall. [Presumably a derivative of L. dies
a day, through a med.L. adj. dial-zs daily (repr.
in Du Cange by dale = diurndle ‘as much land as
could be ploughed in a day’, and dzdliter adv.
daily.) Outside Eng., however, da/ is known only
from a single OF, instance in Froissart, in which
the dyal in clockwork is said to be ‘ the daily wheel
(voe Journal) which makes a revolution once in a
day, even as the sun makes a single turn round the
earth in a natural day’. This would answer to
amed.L, vota didlis: the transition from ‘ diurnal
wheel’ to ‘diurnal circle’ is easy. But more evi-
dence is wanted.]
1. An instrument serving to tell the hour of the
day, by means of the sun’s shadow upon a gra-
duated surface ; a SUN-DIAL.
1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 1. v, For by the dyal the hour
they gan to marke. c1440 Phe Parv. 120 Dyale, or
or an horlege (dial or diholf of an horlage).. 1530
Patscr. 213/2 Diall to knowe the hotires by the course of
the sonne, guadrant. 1535 CovERDALE 2 Kings xx.11 The
shadowe wente backe ten degrees in Achas Dyall. x52
809
Hutoet, Diall set vpon a chymney or wall to knowe what
is a clocke by the sunne, scéotericon. 1593 Suaxs. 3 Hen.
V7, u.v. 24 To carue out Dialls queintly, point by point,
‘Thereby to see the Minutes how they runne, ni 4 Warp
Simp. Cobler 39 Where clocks will stand, and Dials have no
light. 1719 YounG Busiris v. i, How, like the dial’s tardy-
moving shade, Day after day slides from us unperceiv’d,
1720 GAy Poems (1745) I. 151 Here to sev'n streets sev’n
dials count the day. 1799 Vince Astron. iv. (1810) 56 A clock
or watch may..be regulated by a good dial. 1878 B. Taycor
Deukalion 1. vi. 50 ‘The Hour shall miss its place, And the
shadow recede on the dial’s face.
b. fig. 1513 Dovucras ‘neis 1. Prol. 347 Venerable
Chaucer. .Hevinlie trumpat, horleige and sepuldle . .condit,
and diall. 1854 J. Forses Vour A/t. Blanc Introd. 11 ‘The
stately march of the glacier is yet a stage more slow, months
and even years are but the units of division of its dial.
2. With qualifying words descriptive of the various
forms of the sun-dial: e.g. declining, hortzontal,
primary, reflecting, universal, vertical (etc.) dial.
1688 R, Hotme Armoury Ut. 373/1 Pendant Dials which
are hung by the hand .. commonly called Equinoctial or
Universal Dials, are most used by Sea-Men and ‘Travellers
that oft shift Latitudes. 1706 Puituirs (ed. Kersey), Zxect
declining Dials, Dials whose Planes are not directly opposite
to any of the Four Cardinal Points, but decline from the
Meridian or prime Vertical Circle. 1782 Archeologia VI.
143 Vitruvius says they had horizontal, vertical, and declin-
ing dials. 1819 P. NicnoLson Architect. Dict. I. 332 De-
inclining Dials, such as both decline and incline, or recline.
With various qualifying words, as m7gh¢- or
nocturnal dial (= MOooNn-DIAL), RING-DIAL, SUN-
DIAL.
1605 CAMDEN Rem. 165 Which bare a Sunne-diall and the
Sun setting. 1667 PAil. Trans. 11. 435 A large Ring-Dial..
having a Box with a Compass or Needle. 1727-51 CHAMBERS
Cyct., Moon-Dial or Lunar Dial, is that which shews the
hour of the night by means of the light, or shadow, of the
moon. J/did., Nocturnal or Night-Dial, is that which shews
the hours of the night. 1820 W. Irvine Sketch Bh. 1. 66
The neighbours could tell the our by his movements as
accurately as by a sun dial.
+3. A timepiece or chronometer of any kind ;
aclock or watch. Os. Also with qualifying words
as WATER-DIAL, etc.
1552 Hutoet, Diall, clepsydra, horologium. 1580 Barer
Alv.D 651 A diall measuring houres by running of the water
. .clepsydra. 1585 'T. Wasuincton tr. Nicholay’s Voy. i.
xvii. 19 b, The Ambassadour sent his presents .. one small
clocke or dyall. 1600 Suaks, A. Y. L. 11. vii. 20 And then
. .Sayes, very wisely, it
or water Dyall.
329 One of those accurate Dyals that go with a Pendulum.
1662 GERBIER Princ. 40 Motions. .no more to be discovered,
than that of the Hand of a Diall. 1676 North's Plutarch
765 note, Like a water Diall or Clepsydra.
. Jig. 1556 a Jones (¢itle), The Dial of Agues. 1557
NortH (¢¢/e), Gueuara’s Diall of Princes. 1582 BENTLEY
Mon. Matrones Pref. Bj b, A delectable diall for to direct
you to true deuotion. c 1600 in C. B. Markuam Fighting
Veres (1888) 345 He was the very dial of the army, by which
we knew when we should fight.
4. The face of a clock or watch; the surface
which bears the graduations and figures marking
the hours, ete. Cf. DIAL-PLATE.
1575 LaneHwaM Let, (1871) 54 Too Dyallz ny vnto the
battilments ar set aloft vpon too of the sidez of Cezarz
toour .. to sheaw the oourz too the tooun and cuntree.
1632 SHERwoop s. v. Dial, The hand of a clock-dyall, Za
monstre Tun Horloge. 1747 Gent. Mag. 224 Varnished,
and silvered in all respects as a clock-dial. 1750 JoHNSON
Rambler No, 42 ? 8, I walk in the great hall and watch the
minute hand upon the dial. 1823 P. Nicnotson Pract.
Build. 569 ‘The part where the dials of the clock are placed
is of an octagonal form. 1 F. J. Britten Watch &
Clockm. 85 Sir Edmund Beckett advocates a concave form
for the dials of public clocks.
b. fig. @1680 Butter Rem. (1759) Il. 214 The Face is
the Dial of the Mind.
+5, A mariner’s compass. Ods.
1523 Firzners. Surv. xx. 38 It is necessarie that he haue
a Dyall with hym for els .. he shall nat haue perfyte know-
lege whiche is Eest West Northe and Southe. 1559 W.
Cunnincuam Cosmogr. Glasse 85 Whan the nedle standeth
stedfastlye in the right Line wythin the Diall, it dothe as
it were poynte directlye North and South. xg91 Sy_vesTer
Dy Bartas 1. iii. 986 For first inuenting of the Sea-man's
Diall. 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa. 34 Cabo das Agulhas,
or the cape of Needles, because there the needles of dialles
touched with the loadstone, stand directly North. 1642
Rocers Naamaz 830 The needle of the Diall set just on
the North point .. shakes not.
b. Mining. A miner's compass for underground
surveying.
1669 E. Montacu tr. Barba’s Metals, etc. (1740) 286
Having provided yourself of a Dial in a square Box. 1778
W. Pryce Min. Cornub, 207 Apply the side of the dial to
the string, and take the degree the needle stands on. 1875
Ure Dict. Arts 11. 18 The compass used in underground
surveying is called a miner’s dial, and is essentially the same
instrument as the circumferentor used by the land-surveyor.
6. An external plate or face on which revolutions,
pressure, etc. are indicated by an index-finger or
otherwise, as in a gas-meter, telegraphic instru-
ment, steam or water-gauge, etc.
1747 Gentl. Mag. 223 Move one tooth every revolution of
the wheel, thereby discovering the true distance of places
by the index on the dial. 1842 Penny Cycl. XXIV. 154/1
For communication .. this object may be effected by a me-
chanical connection, by chains or wires, between two dials
with revolving indexes or pointers. 1875 Ure Dict. Arts
II, 233 Let us now turn to the face of the instrument. Here
we have a dial and an index, which is on the same axis as
the magnetised needle.
DIALECT.
b. With qualifying words, as ¢éde-, wesd-dial.
1792 Archeologia X. 174 This machine of Varro’s may be
considered as the first wind-dial at Rome.
e. slang. The human face.
1811 in Levicon Balatronicum, 1889 Bird o' Freedom
7 Aug. 3 (Farmer) An absinthe tumbler which caught him
a nasty crack across the dial.
7. A lapidary’s instrument for holding a gem
while exposed to the wheel.
It has markers indicating degrees in adjustment, so as
to portion out the circumference of the stone in facets.
1875 Ure Dict. Arts I]. 42 An important instrument
called a dial, which serves to hold the stone during the
cutting and polishing. ;
8. attrib. and Comb. a. General, as dial-foot,
-hana, -motto, -stone, -telegraph, dial-maker,-work.
1884 F. J. Britten latch §& Clockm. 87 In common
watches pins falling out of the “dial feet is a fruitful source
of trouble. ¢1600 SHAks. Sonu. civ, Yet doth beauty, like
a *dial-hand, Steal from his figure and no pace perceived.
1599 MinsuEu Sf. Dict., Relogero..a *diall-maker. 1875
Lanier Poems, Syniphony 137 Hach *dial-marked leaf and
flower-bell. 1822 Lams Elia, Decay of Beggars, Vhe stand-
ing *dial-mottos. 1886 WormeE tt tr. Vou Urbanitshy’s Electr.
in Serv. Man (1890) 804 Of A BC systems where a battery
is employed to furnish the current, Bréguet’s *Dial ‘Vele-
graph is a good example. 1874 Knicut Dict. JWech., * Dial-
work (Horology), the motion work between the dial and
movement plate of a watch. ‘ ;
b. Special comb., as dial-less a., without a dial,
having no dial; dial-like a., like a dial; dial-
lock, a lock furnished with dials, having hands or
pointers, which must be set in a determinate way
before the bolt will move; dial-moth, 7Zortrix
gnomana (Samouelle, Lxtomol. Compend, 1819) ;
dial-piece = D1AL-PLATE; Qial-plane, the flat-
surface of a sun-dial ; dial-ring, a finger-ring in
the form of a ring-dial; dial-wheel (in a watch),
one of the wheels placed between the dial and
pillar-plate; | dial-writer, a type-writer with
a dial. Also DIAL-PLATE,
1865 Atheneum 8 July 49 The tower remained *dial-less
as Before. 1851 Mayne Reiw Scadp-//uit. i, 10 Where the
helianthus turns her *dial-like face tothe sun. 1659 D. Pett
Improv. Sea Vo Rdr., Upon a * Dial-peece of a Clock in the
Colledge Church of Glocester. 1690 Leynourn Cars, Math.
699 The nuinber of © Dial Plains are 1703 Moxon J/ech.
Exerc. 310 A Dyal Plane is that Flat whereon a Dyal is
intended to be projecged. 1868 Chamlers’ Encycl. II.
531/t A dial consists of two parts—the stile or gnomon. .and
the dial-plane. 1877 W. Jones /tuger-ring 453 A *dial-ring
consisting of two concentric rings moving one within the
other, 1727-51 CHAMBERS Cycé. s.v. Watch-work, Vhe *dial-
wheel. .serves to carry the Nand. 1883 Padl Mall G. 5 May
6/2 ‘The last thing in type-writers, called a ‘*dial writer’.
Dial, 54.2 A name given in commerce to a su-
perior kind of Kauri gum of a clear pale colour.
1893 7imes 14 July 4/4 Gums, Kowrie.. Dial—pale yel-
lowis 1 Bite |
Dial (dail), v. [f Dran 50.1]
1. trans. fig. To measure as with a dial; to in
dicate the degree of.
18zr Campsect in New Monthly Mag. 1. 10 Experienced
sensibility is like the gnomon, It measures the altitude
and dials the light of inspiration, 1839 BaiLey Mestas (1852
201 To teach us how to dial bliss. @ 1854 ‘l’ALrourv (Web-
ster), Hours of that true time which is dialled in heaven.
2. To survey or Jay out with the aid of a dial or
miner’s or surveyor’s compass.
1653 Mantove Lead Mines 164 ‘Yo make inquiry, and to
view the Rake, To plum and dyal. 1747 Hooson J/éner's
Dict. s.v. Boring, Having exactly dialed it, to the place
where you would have your Shaft to come through, and
laid it out at the Day upon the Surface. 1778 W. Pryce
Min. Cornub, 203 Most of our Mines and Adits were dialled
for in this manner. 1853 Jrud. KR. Agric. Soc. XLV. 1. 153
To cut the gutters with the plough used by him after being
dialled out.
3. To mark as the plate of a dial.
1817 [see D1aLtep Ad. a.].
Dialatik, obs. f£ Diaectic¢ 54,1
Dial-bird. [ad. Hindi dahiyal or dahil, the
native name in Upper India.] An Indian bird
(Copsichus saularis), also called Mag)ie-robin ;
hence sometimes extended to the genus Cofsichus.
1738 E. Atsin Nat, Hist. Birds 111. 17 These Birds were
brought from Bengall in the year 1734, and are called by
the Natives the Dial-Bird. 1812 Smettie & Woop Buffon’s
Nat. Hist. X1, 261 The East India bird which the English
that visit the coasts of Bengal term the Dial-bird. 1859
TENNENT Ceylon II. vu. vii. 254 The songster that first
pours forth his salutation to the morning is the dial-bird.
Dialdane (deijelden’. Chem. [f. Di-2 +
Aup(0OL+-ANE.] ‘A compound, C; H,, O3, formed
by the condensation of two molecules of aldol, with
elimination of one molecule of water’. Hence
Dialda‘nic a. in dialdanic acid.
1879 Watts Dict. Chem. 3rd Suppl. 631. +
Dialect (doialekt). [a. F. déalecte (16th c. in
Hatz.-Darm.), or ad. L. dialectus, Gr. dudAeKtos dis-
course, conversation, way of speaking, language of
a country or district, f. d:adéyeoGae to discourse,
converse, f, 5a- through, across + A€yew to speak.]
1. Manner of speaking, language, speech ; esp, a
manner of speech peculiar to, or characteristic of,
a particular person or class; phraseology, idiom.
1579 E. K. Ded. to iSpenrers SN Cad, Neither..must..
the common Dialect and manner of speaking [be] so corrupted
DIALECT.
thereby, that [etc]. Nasne Lenten Stuffe (1599)
41 By corruption of iin 4 they false dialect and misse-
sol it. 1638 Penit. Con/. vii. (1657) 191 Such a dialect
which neither Men nor Angels understand. 1663 Burien
Hud. 1. i. 93 A Babylonish Dialect, Which lea: Pedants
much affect. 1740 J. Clarke Zduc. Youth (ed. 3) 172 The
Lawyer's Dialect would be too hard for him. 1805 Foster
Ess. 1. iv. 163 Naturalized into the theological dialect by
time and use. 1831 Cartyte Sart. Kes. ui. vii. (1858) 155
Knowest thou no Prophet, even in the vesture, environment,
and dialect of this age? 1857 H. Reep Lect. Eng. Poets
iii, 87 They lay aside the learned dialect and reveal the
unknown powers of common speech.
Jig. 1603 Suaxs. Meas. for M.1. ii. 188 In her youth |
There is a prone and speechlesse dialect, Such as moue
men. 1860 Emerson Cond. Life, Behaviour Wks. (Bohn)
II. 384 The ocular dialect needs no dictionary. |
2. One of the subordinate forms or varieties of a
language arising from local peculiarities of vocabu-
lary, pronunciation, and idiom. (In relation to
modern languages usually spec. A variety of speech
differing from the standard or literary ‘language’ ;
a provincial method of speech, as in ‘speakers of
dialect’.) Also in a wider sense applied to a par-
ticular language in its relation to the family of
languages to which it belongs. :
1577 Hanmer Anc. Eccles. Hist. 70 Certaine Hebrue
dialectes. 1614 Rateicu Hist. World u. 496 The like
changes are very familiar in the Aeolic Dialect. 1635
Pacitr Christianogr. 73 The Slavon tongue is of great
extent: of it there be many Dialects, as the Russe, the
Polish, the Bohemick, the Ilyrian..and others. 1716 Lond,
Gaz. No. 5497/1 He made a Speech .. which was answered
by the Doge in the Genoese Dialect. 1794 S. WILLIAMS
Vermont 200 A language may be separated into several
dialects in a few generations. 1841 Evruinstone //ist.
Ind. |. iv. 203 Pali, or the local dialect of Maghada, one of
the ancient kingdoms on the Ganges. 1847 HattiweLt
Dict. Eng. Dialects (1878) 17 The Durham dialect is the
same as that spoken in Northumberland. 1873 Hare /x
His Name viii. 71 Vhat dialect of rustic Latin which was
already passing into Italian. ;
b. attrib., as dialect speech, speaker, poents, spect-
mens.
+3. =Dravectic sh.) 1. Obs.
1gsr I. WiLson Logike (1580) 2 b, Logike otherwise called
Dialecte (for thei are bothe one) is an Arte to trie the corne
from the chaffe. 1677 Gate Crt. Gentiles IL. 1v. 223 We
may draw forth the force of this Platonic Argument, in
Plato’s own dialect thus. 1691 Woop 4 th. O-ron. I. 395 He
had a Tutor to teach him Grammags, and another Dialect. |
1698 J. Fryer Acc. LE. Ind. & P. 362 [They] teach Aristotle's
Dialect, and the Four Figures of Syllogism.
attrib. 1761 Sterne Tr. Shandy 1V. 35 The learned ..
busy in pumping her [Truth] up thro’ the conduits of dialect
induction,
Dialect, v.: see List of Spurious Words.)
ialectal (daidlektal), a. [f. prec. + -AL:
cf. mod.F. déa/ectal.] Belonging to or of the nature
of a dialect.
1831 Hor. Q. Rev. VII. 380 We cannot consider them mere
dialectal variations. 1834 H. O’Brien Round Towers [rel.
121 It was a mere dialectal distinction, appertaining to the
court-language..of the times. 1873 A. J. Nias President's
Address in Trans. Philol. Soc. 208 Vheir historical relations
[are] considered, and their dialectal differences explained.
* 3880 J. E.C. WeLLvon in Academy 24 July 58 Dialectal
peculiarities might still creep into the Homeric text. 1885
/bid. 29 Aug. 134/2 August Corrodi’s dialectal poetry is re-
markable for its humour and naturalness.
Hence Dialecta‘lity, dialectal quality.
1864 Furnivatt in Reader 22 Oct. 514/2 The dialectality
or provinciality of the prefixed 4,
Diale‘ctally, adv. [f. prec.+-1y%.] a. In
a dialectal manner; in dialect. b. = DIALEcTI-
CALLY I.
1840 G. S. Faner Regeneration 391 The two have no dia-
lectally necessary connection. 1890 F. Hatt in Nation
(N. Y.) L. 316/3 An archaism still existent dialectally.
Di-alected, a. nonce-wd. [see -ED 2} (In
comb.) Having or speaking a (specified) dialect.
— E. Howarp X. Reefer lv, The .. cockney-dialected
os!
Dialectic (daialektik), sd.1 Forms: 4dialatik,
5 (dialiticus), dialetike, -yk, dyaletyque, 6
dialectik(e, 6-7 -ique, 7-9 -ick, 7- -ic. [a. OF.
dialectique, -etique (1athc. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L.
dialectica fem. sing., ad. Gr. % Siadrexrinn (sc.
téxvn) the dialectic art, the art of discussion or
debate, fem. sing. of dadexTiuxds adj.: see next.
The L. dialectica was also treated as a neuter
pl., whence the later Eng. diadectics.]
1. The art of critical examination into the truth
of an opinion; the investigation of truth by dis-
cussion; in earlier English use, a synonym of Locio
as applied to formal rhetorical reasoning ; logical
argumentation or disputation. .
riginally, the art of r i disputation i
and tae, . iavertal iA sere Be to Aristotle, Gy tenn of
Elea, and scientifically auedinpaa by Plato, by whom the
term dcaAextixy was used in two senses, (a) the art of defini-
tion or discrimination of ‘ideas’, ” the science which views
the inter-relation of the ideas in the light of a single prin-
al the good’; corresponding broadly to logic and meta-
physic. By Aristotle the term was confined to the method
of ble reeecnna, as o dd to the demonstrative
method of science. ith the seceel rhetoric and dialectic
formed the two branches of A j, logic, in their application
of the term ; and down th: the Middle Ages "halectica
was the regular name of what i Ww ‘logic’, in
310
alle the lawes of dialatik, in proposicoun, assumpcoun, etc.
.) Prestis of
Philos. v. (1701) 174
whereby we confirm or confute any thing by Questions
Answers of the Disputants. 1865 Grote Plato I. ii. 96 Zeno
stands announced as the inventor of dialectic .. the art of
cross-examination and refutation. 1874 W. Wa.tacr Logic
of Hegel vi. 127 The Platonic philosophy first gave the free
scientific, and thus at the same time the objective, form to
Dialectic. 1882 Farrar Early Chr. 11. 22 He has nothing
of the Pauline method of dialectic. 1889 Courtney Mill27
The Platonic ideal of Dialectic. .the giving and receiving of
reasons. . :
b. Also in pl. form Dialecties (cf. mathematics.
1641 Mitton Animadz. i. (1851) 192 Bishop Downam in his
Dialecticks will tell you [etc.]. 1781 Gisson Decl. & F. U1.
lii. 263 The human faculties are fortified by the art and
pane of dialectics. 1796 Br. Watson Afol. Bible 224
‘ou will pardon my unskilfulness in dialectics. 1853 MArs-
pen Early Purit. 336 The dialectics of those times afford no
—- of reasoning more acute than the examinations of
the martyrs. 1873 Dixon 72wo Queens III. xiv. viii. 112 If
Henry wearied of dialectics. : ;
2. In modern Philosophy: Specifically applied
by Kant to the criticism which shows the mutually
contradictory character of the principles of science,
when they are employed to determine objects
beyond the limits of experience (i.e. the soul, the
world, God); by Hegel (who denies that such
contradictions are ultimately irreconcilable) the
term is applied (a.) to the process of thought by
which such contradictions are seen to merge them-
selves in a higher truth that comprehends them ;
and (b.) to the world-process, which, being in his
view but the thought-process on its objective side,
develops similarly by a continuous unification of
opposites.
1798 Witticn Elem. Critical Philos. 65, 3. Of the divi-
‘sion of general Logic, into Analysis and Dialectic. 4.
O. the division of transcendental Logic, into transcendental
Analysis and Dialectic. 1819 J. Richarpson tr. Aant's
Logic 17 It would become a dialectic, a logic of appear-
ance .. which arises from a mere abuse of the analytic.
1838 [F. Haywoop] tr. Aant's Crit. Pure Reason 267
There is therefore a natural and unavoidable dialectick
of pure reason .. which irresistibly adheres to human
reason, and even when we have discovered its delusion,
still will not cease to play tricks upon reason, and to
push it continually into momentary errors. 1856 FERRIER
/nst. Metaph. w. xyi. 134 This reduction. .could not have
been effected upon any principle of psychological strategy.
It is a manceuvre competent only to the dialectic of neces-
sary truth. 1874 W. Wactace Logic of Hegel i. 14 That
dialectic is the very nature of thought. .forms one of the
main lessons of logic. /éid. vi. 126 By Dialectic is meant
an indwelling tendency outwards and beyond. . Dialectic is
. the life Pe | soul of scientific progress, the dynamic which
alone gives an immanent connexion and necessity to the
subject-matter of Science. 1880 J. Cairp Philos. Relig.
viii. 229 An idea which expresses the inner dialectic, the
movement or process towards unity, which exists in and
constitutes the being of the objects themselves. 1888
Watson Philos. Kant 137 Transcendental Dialectic must...
be satisfied with bringing to light the illusion in trans-
cendent judgments, and guarding us against its deceptive
influence. | :
ialectic (doidlektik), a. and sd.2 [ad. L.
dialectic-us, a. Gr. dradextixds of or pertaining to
discourse or discussion, f. didAeeTos ; see DIALECR.
Cf. mod.F. déalectique.]
A. adj.
1, Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of logical
disputation ; argumentative, logical.
pi B. Discolliminium 35 If 1 should read this Dialec-
Sque straine tomy Mare. 1669 Gace Crt. Gentiles 1. 1. a
Their several Modes of Philosophizing, both Symbolic, ai
Dialectic. 1843 GLavstone Glean. V. Ixxix. 68 A more artful
and constant resort to dialectic subtleties. 1846 tr. #. Von
Schlegel’s Philos. Hist, 89 This question cannot be settled
«, by mere dialectic strife. i é
2. Addicted to or practising logical disputa-
tion.
1813 W. Taytor Eng. Synonyms (1856) 51 Is it [prodessa)
a oe dialectic verladion of, yrs dee sd: Nee Wiancece Rhet.
in Encycl. Metrop. 303/t An indistinct, hesitating, dialectic,
or otherwise faulty, delivery. . Torrens in Jrnd.
Asiat. Soc. Bengal 13 Another alphabet, dialectic of the
Hebrew. 1851 D. Witson Pre, Ann. IL.1v. i. 185 The close
dialectic affinities between Celtic Scotland and Ireland.
B. sb.2 [The adj. used absolutely. ]
A dialectic philosopher, one who pursues the
dialectic method; a critical inquirer after truth ;
a logical disputant.
DIALECTOLOGY.
31640 G. Warts tr. Bacon's Adv. Learn. Pref. 25 As
Induction, the Dialectiques seem scarce ever to have taken
it into any serious consideration. 1677 GALE Crt. Gentiles
ut gt Thou callest a Dialectic one who iders the reason
of every Being: for he that accurately discerneth things
is a Dialectic. 1801 Moore Nature's Labels 20 As learned
dialectics say, The argument most apt and ample For
common use, is the example.
Biale‘ctical, a. (si.) [f. as prec. + -au.]
1. =Dsa.eori¢ a. 1.
1548 Gest Pr. Masse 116 Theyr
dialectical. 1656 Srantey //ist. Philos, v. (1701) 164
.-Dialectical, used by such as discourse in short questions
and answers. 1657 North's Plutarch Add. Lives (1676) 39
Instructed in the Rhetorical, Dialectical, and Ast ical
Arts. 1850 Grote Greece ul. Ixvii. VILL. 460 Dialectical
skill in no small degree is indispensable. 1876 A. M. Farr-
BAIRN in Contemp, Rev. June 132 The dialectical pot in
which ecclesiastical dogma had been cooked.
b. Belonging to, or of the nature of, dialectic in
its later philosophical developments of meaning.
1788 Reip Aristotle's Log. v. § 1. 106 When the premises
are not certain but probable only, such syllogisms are called
dialectical. 1838 [F. Haywoop] tr. Aaxt’s Crit. Pure
Reason 64 Universal Logic, considered as Organon, is always
a Logic of Appearance, that is, is dialectical. 1874 W. Wat-
Lace Logic Hegel vi. 128 The physical elements prove to
be Dialectical. The process of meteorological action is the
appearance of their Dialectic. 1877 E. Cairn Philos. Kant
ut. xviii. 633 The Cosmological argument is a nest of dialec-
tical assumptions. 1888 Watson Philos. Kant 289 Pure
reason is always dialectical. Z
2. = DIALECTIC a. 2.
1876 C. M. Davies Unorth. Lond. 356, 1 entertained
— recollections from certain experiences at the Dia-
ectical Society.
3. = DIALECTAL.
I Hovces Job Prel. Disc.(T.) At that time the Hebrew
and Arabick language was the same, with a small dialectical
variation only. 1847 Hattiwett Dict. Pref. (1878) 7 Separ-
ating mere dialectical forms. 1861 Max Mitrer Sc. Lang.
v. 199 A language, not yet Sanskrit or Greek or German,
but containing the dialectical eae of all.
B. sé. = Diarectic sé.! 1,
a1529 SkeLton Replyc. 96 In your dialectical! And prin-
ciples sillogisticall If ye to remembrance call.
Diale‘ctically, adv. [f. prec. +-1¥ 2.]
1. By means of dialectic; in dialectic fashion ;
argumentatively, logically.
a neat 9 Goopwin Filled w. the Spirit (1867) as You may
mentation is i
Dialectician Cp rns [a. F. déalecticien
(Rabelais, 16th c.), f. L. dialectic-us DIALECTIC a. :
see -ICIAN.
1. One who is skilled in dialectic; a master of
argument or disputation ; a logician.
@ 1693 Urquuart Rabelais ui. xix. 155 According to the
Dialecticians. a17§1 Botrscsroke Author. in Relig. xii.
(R.), An art that..might help the subtile dialectician to op-
pose even the man he could not refute. 1791 S. Parr Seg.
to Print. Paper (R.), The great poetical dialectician
[Dryden]. 1827 Hattam Const. Hist. od 1. iv. 218 The
terseness or lucidity which long habits iterary warfare
.. have given to some expert dialecticians. 185: Loner.
Gold. Leg. v1.73 For none but a clever dialectician Can th
to become a great physician. @ 186a Buckie Civilis. (1869)
III. v. 287 y were acute Neen peepee Po rarely blun-
dered in what is termed the formal part of logic.
2.A —_ student of dialects,
py cu Bothie, Lindsay the read: ch pee the
Piper, the Dichotician, .Who is tees Suike created a
dialect new fo the ay — — big sha —
Cumbld. ‘estm ntig. Soc. V1. 272 However we
Cctablished [his] pini dialectici: be.
may
Dialecticism (doiilektisiz’m). [f Diavecric
+-IsM.] The characteristic tendency or influence
| of dialect.
1888 Academy 14 Jan. 27 Dialecticism, phoneticism, ellipsis.
Diale'ctics, sé. f/.: see Dratecti¢ sé. 1 b.
ialecti:ze, v. rare. [f. Diarzcr + -128.]
trans. To make into a dialect, or make dialectal.
1883 G. Sternens S. Bugg’ Stud, N. Mythol. 23 1 has
even time to
(daialektg'lédzi). [f. Gr. d:a-
Aexro-s DIALECT + -LOGY.] The study of dia-
lects; that branch of philology which treats of
dialects.
1879 President's Addr, Philol. Soc. 32 Materials for the
dialecto! of a single province. Sweer Eng. Sounds
Lb ate obscure and tortuous paths of Old English
Hence Dialecto‘loger, Dialecto‘logist, one
versed in dialectology; Dialectolo'gical «., pcr-
taining to dialectology.
1879 ident’s Addr. Philol. Soc. 32 A dialectological
i i 1881 Ath
23 Apr. 554/3 ‘The county
i two of
Sarre to the dial ~ an
nglish dialect. 1883 A.M. Exuiorr in Amer. Jrni. Philol.
i ist must be fastidious indeed who
IV. The
rd not be sati with this extraordinary mass of
material.
a a a
ee ee ae,
DIALIST.
Diralector. rave—°. [f. DraLEct + -or.]
1847 Craic, Dialector, one learned in dialects, Hence in
mod. Dicts, 2
Diale-ctual, a. rave. [irreg. f. Diatrcr; cf.
effect, effectual.) = DIALECTAL.
1854 G. Latruam Native Races Russian Emp. 256
Dialectual varieties increase as we go westwards. 1856
Kitto & Atexanver Cyc. Bibl. Lit, (1863) 188/2 Dialectual
varieties of pronunciation,
Dialer, Dialing: see DiatimrR, DIALLING.
Dialetike, -yk, obs. forms of DIALECTIC.
Dialist (dai-alist). [f. Dransd.1+-1s7.] Amaker
of dials ; one skilled in dialling.
BY T. Stirrup (¢it/e), Horometria; or the Complete
Diallist. 1703 Moxon Mech, Exerc. 346 Helps to a young
Dyalist for his more orderly and quick making of Dyals.
1776 G. Campsett Philos. Rhet. (1801) 1. Introd., The archi-
tect, the navigator, the dialist.
Di-a-lkalamide. Chem. See Dr- * and ALKa-
LAMIDE.
1866 E. Franxvanp Lect. Notes Chem. Stud. 375 Secon-
dary and tertiary monalkalamides, dialkalamides, and trial-
kalamides, are known, | :
ll Miallage 1 (daijzeladzz). Rhet. [mod.L. dial-
lagé, a. Gr. duadAayf interchange, f. dadAay- aorist
stem of diadddooey to interchange, f. da through,
across + dAAdooev to change, make other than it
is, f. dAXos other. ]
A figure of speech by which arguments, after
having been considered from various points of view,
are all brought to bear upon one point.
1706 in Pxitiips (ed. ager 1831 Crayons front Commons
é And when a whole diallage was rear’d, Chagrined he
ound that no one member cheer’d.
Diallage ? (dei-alédzy. Aviv. [a. F. diallage,
f. Gr. d:aAAay7 (see prec.), named by Haiiy 1801,
from its dissimilar cleavages.] A grass-green
variety of pyroxene, of lamellar or foliated struc-
ture: formerly applied more widely to similar
minerals, such as hypersthene, bronzite, etc.
1805 R. Jameson Char. Min. 11. 605 Smaragdite, Saus-
sure .. Diallage, Hauy. 18rr Pinkerton Petral. I. 353
Metallic diallage, from Saxony. 1865 L’Estrance Vachting
round W. Eng. 222 Some Serpentine is permeated by veins
of golden diallage. 1879 Ruttey Stud. Rocks x. 121 Some
of the so-called diallages belong rather to enstatite than to
pyroxene, since the crystallisation is rhombic.
attrib. 1843 Porttock Geol. 211 Hypersthene .. passes
into a greyish-green diallage, and, with a greenish felspar,
forms the very beautiful diallage rock of those localities
[Athenry]. 1855 J. D. Forses Tour Mt. Blanc xi. 237 The
boulders here seemed to be gabbro or diallage rock.
Hence Diallagic (doidledzik), a. |F. dalla-
gique), Diallagoid (dai, lagoid), a., containing or
resembling diallage.
1847 Craic, Diallagic. 1879 RutLey Strut. Rocks x. 125
The diallagic augite sections are broad. /é7d. x. 132 The
diallagoid augite of Boricky.
Dialled (doi-ald), 497. a. [f. Dian sd.) or v. +
-ED.] Measured or marked by a dial.
1817 T. L. Peacock Melincourt 111. 50 The careless hours
.. Still trace upon the dialled brass The shade of their un-
varying way. 1891 W. Tuckwett Tongues in Trees 145
Six hours to toil, the rest to leisure give, In them—so say
the dialled hours—live.
+ Dirallel. Ods.—°. [ad. Gr. &4AdAndos through
one another.] (See quot.) :
a Biount Glossog”. s.v., As parallels are lines running
one by the other without meeting: so Diad/e/s are lines which
run one through the other, that is, do cross, intersecate, or
cut. [Hence in Baitry, Asu, etc.].
|| Diallelon (doial*loun). Logic. [mod.L. f.
Gr. 5 dAAnAwy through or by means of one another:
see prec.] Definition in a circle, i.e. definition by
means of a term which is itself defined by the de-
fined word.
1837-8 Sir W. Hamitton Lagze xxiv. (1860) II. 17 The
ancients called the circular definition by the name of
Diallelon, as in this case we declare the definitum and the
definiens reciprocally by each other (8’ aAA/Awr).
|| Diallelus (daial7ls). Zogic. [mod.L. f.
Gr, (rpémos) &aAAnNAOs reasoning in a circle: see
prec. (In mod.F. dtal/2/e.)] Reasoning in a circle ;
i.e. endeavouring to establish a conclusion by
means ofa proposition which is itself dependent on
the said conclusion.
1837-8 Sir W. Hamitton Logic xxvi. (1860) IT. 51 The
proposition which we propose to prove must not be used as
a principle for its own probation. The violation of this rule
is called the Ordis vel circulus in demonstrando,—diallelus.
_ Hence Dialle‘lous a., involving reasoning or
defining in a circle. In mod. Dicts.
Dialler, dialer (doi-alo1). [f. Dian si.1+
-ER!,] One who makes a survey of mines by the
aid of a ‘dial’ or compass.
1747 Hooson Miner's Dict. Riij, This Roofing .. if done
by a skillful Dialer, and by a Dial that he is acquainted with
-.is certain enough. 1778 W. Pryce Min. Cornub. 204 In
the same manner the Dialler takes his second measurement.
Dial-less, Dial-like: see D1At sé.1 8 b.
Dialling, dialing (doidlin), vdZ. sd. [f. Dian
sb.) and v. +-ING!.]
1. The art of constructing dials. +b. The
measurement of time by a dial (ods.). 3
1570 Dee Math. Pref. 37 Horometrie .. in Englishe, may
311
be termed Dialling. 1593 Fave (¢ét/e), The Art of Dialling ;
teaching an easie and perfect way to make all kinde of
Dialls vpon any plaine platte, howsoeuer placed. 1703
Moxon Mech. Exerc. 307 ‘These Rules of adjusting the
Motion of the Shadow to the Motion of the Sun, may be
called Scientifick Dyalling, 1727-51 Cuambers Cycé., Diad-
Zing, the art of drawing sun, moon, and star-dials, on any
given plane, or on the surface of any given body. 1837
Wuewe it Hist. Induct. Sc. (1857) 1. 122 Another result of
the doctrine of the sphere was Gnomonick or Dialling.
2. The use of a ‘ dial’ or compass in underground
surveying.
1670 Sir J. Perrus Fodina Regalis 2 He is directed to-
ward the Shaft by a Needle touch’d with a Loadstone, the
using whereof is called Dialling. 1778 W. Pryce din.
Cornub, 202 Dialling is requisite in almost every shaft.
+ 8. concr. Apparatus of the nature of dials. rave.
17586 Nucent Gr. Tour I. 258 A handsome garden, in
which there is a variety of dialling.
4. attrib. and Comb., as dialling-globe (see
quot.) ; dialling-scale, graduated lines on rulers,
the edge of quadrants, etc., to facilitate the con-
struction of dials; dialling-sphere, a variety of
dialling-globe.
1666 Coiins in Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men (1841) Il. 462 A
dialling scheme of Mr, Foster’s, 1706 Puittips (ed. Kersey’,
Dialling-Globe, an Instrument made of Brass or Wood,
with a Plane fitted to the Horizon, and an Index particu-
larly contrived to draw all sorts of Dials, and to give aclear
demonstration of that Art. 1767 Phil. Trans. LVI. 389
A new Method of constructing Sun-Dials .. without the
Assistance of Dialing Scales.
Diallogite: see D1aLociTe.
Di-a'llyl. Chem. [Di-2.] a. 5d. The organic
radical allyl in the free state, C; H,)=C, H;» C; H;:
see ALLYL. b. attrib. and Comb, Containing two
equivalents of allyl.
1869 Roscoe Elem. Chem. 389. 1880 FE, CLemtnsHaw tr.
Wurtz Atomic Th. 265 Free allyl or diallyl, has doubled
its molecule. ; hele ’
Dialogic (daidlg-dzik), a [ad. med.L. dalo-
gic-us, a. Gr, iiadoytds, f. BidAoryos DIALOGUE: see
-1c. In mod.F. déalogigue (18th c.)] Of, pertaining
to, or of the nature of dialogue; sharing in dialogue.
1833 THirtwatt in PArlol. Mus. 11. 560 The dialogic form
had not then become so indispensable with Plato. 1850
Bracke schylus 1. Pref. 44 The iambic or dialogic part
of ancient tragedy. 1886 //arfer’s Mag. Sept. 642 Several
dialogic personages.
Dialogical (doidlpdzikal), a.
-AL.] = prec.
1601 Deacon & Watcker (¢7¢/e), Dialogicall Discourses of
Spirits and Divels. 1621-51 Burton Anat. Med. u. ii. 1.
(1651) 258 That dialogicall disputation with Zacharias the
Christian. 1880 E. Oprert Forbid. L. Pref. 9 For the sake of
a more vivid description, especially in the dialogical parts.
Hence Dialo'gically, adv.
1766 Gotpsm. Vic, W. vii, If you are for a cool argument
.-are you for managing it analogically or dialogically ?
pee (daize'lodziz’m). [ad. L. dtalo-
gismus the rhetorical figure (see sense 1), a. Gr.
diadoyopuds balancing of accounts, reasoning, con-
versation, debate, f. diadoyifecOar to DraLoaize :
see -ISM. In F. déa/og?sme (1557 in Hatz.-Darm.).]
1. Rhet. The discussion of a subject under the
form of a dialogue, to the personages of which the
author imputes ideas and sentiments.
1580 Fu_ke Retentive 306 (T.) His foolish dialogism is a
fighting with his own shadow. [1589 PuTrennam xg.
Poesie wt. xix. (Arb.) 243 This manner of speech is by the
figure Dialogismus, or the right reasoner.] 1609 R. Brr-
NARD Faithfull Shepheard 67 Yialogisme.. is, when a
question is made, and forthwith readily answered, as if two
were faking together. 1659 D. Strokes Tzvelve Minor
Proph, Pref.(L.), Enlarging what they would say. . by their
dialogisms and colloquies.
2. A conversational phrase or speech; a D1,-
LOGUE, spoken or written.
1623 Cockeram Eng. Dict. u, A Talking together .. Dia-
logisme, 1647 Trarr Comm. Matt. xxv. 37-9 Not that there
shall be then any such dialogism (say divines) at the last
day. 1651 Life Father Sarpi (1676) 74 Such Dialogisms as
these past betwixt them, 1822 Blackw. Mag. X1. 444 Byron
will never write a tragedy, though he sent ten dialogisms to
the Albemarle-street Press,
3. Logic. A-term introduced for a form of argu-
ment having a single premiss and a disjunctive
conclusion.
The kind of argument is as follows: ‘A B is an unimagin-
ative man; therefore either he is not a true poet, or true
poets may be men without imagination.’ The name implies
a parallelism to the ——
1880 C. S. Peirce Algebra of Logic in Amer. Jrnl. Math.
III. 20 In this way any argument may be resolved into
arguments, each of which has one premiss and two altern-
ative conclusions. Such an arg t, when co d
may be called a Dialogism.
Dialogist (doijxelédzist). [ad. L. dialogista,
ad. Gr. dadoyorns, f. diddoyos; see DIaLoGuE
and -1st; in F, dialogiste (17th c.). See also
Dratogurst.]
1. One who takes part in a dialogue; one of the
personages in an imaginary dialogue.
@ 1677 Barrow Ser. Wks, 1686 II. 114 The like doth Cicero
[assert]..in the person of his Dialogists. x STERNE 77.
Shandy UI, xxxvii, The dialogist affirmeth, That a long
nose is not without its domestic conveniences also. 1847
De Quincey Milton v. Southey Wks. X11. 176 The two dia-
logists are introduced walking out after breakfast,
[f. as prec. +
DIALOGUE.
2. A writer of dialogues,
a1660 Hammonp /V&s, II. 232 (R.) If we will believe the
dialogist’s reasonings. 1711 SHaFTess. Charac. (1737) II.
v. ii. 292 The Characters, or Personages, employ’d be our
new orthodox Dialogists. 1839 Macinn in Fraser's Mag.
- XX, 271 The doctor had never read the Greek dialogist,
Dialogistic (daidlodzi-stik’, @ [ad. Gr. da-
Aoyarixds of or for discourse : see prec. and -1C.]
Having the nature or form of dialogue; taking
part in dialogue ; argumentative.
1677 Gate Crt. Gentiles 11, 11. g2 In their disputes or
Dialogistic ratiocinations. 1882-3 Scuarr /ucycl. Relig.
Kunowd. 11. 1390 The form of the book [Malachi] is dialo-
gistic,—an assertion of the prophet followed by an excuse
of the people, which in turn is refuted.
Dialogi'stical, cz. [f. prec. +-a1.] = prec.
1715 M. Davies Athen. Brit. 1. 185 Two dialogistical
conjurers, with their dramatick enchantments, change the
scene. rae -
Dialogi'stically, av. [f. prec. + -1y2.]
In dialogistic fashion ; in manner of a dialogue.
a 1654 J. RicHarpson Ox Old Test. 449 ('T.) In his pro-
phecy he [Malachi] proceeds most dialogistically.
Dialogite (doijelodzait). AZ. Erron, diall-.
[Named by Jasche about 1817 from Gr. d:adoyn
‘doubt, selection’ : see -1tE.] A rose-red carbonate
of manganese ; a synonym of rhodochrostte.
1826 Emmons Min. 215 Dialogite. 1835 Surrarp J7iz.
134 Diallogite.
Dialogize (doi,elédzaiz), v. See also D1aLo-
Guize. [mod. ad. Gr. dadoyifesbar to converse,
debate, f. &dAoyos DiaLocue; in F. dalogiser, 16-
17thc.: see -IZE.] 7d. To converse, discuss, or
carry on a dialogue (wth), Hence Dia logizing
vbl. sb. and ppl. a.
1601 Dracon & WALKER Sfirits & Divels To Rdr. 12 This
dialogizing manner of dealing. 1677 GaLr Crt. Gentiles IIL.
Iv. 402 Plato .. brings in Socrates dialogising with young
Alcibiades. 1 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. 1. 254 He did not
think it was their work to dialogize with any man without
dores, 1854 Lowett Le??. (1894) I. 211 In them also there
are dialogizing and monologizing thoughts, but not flesh
and blood enough.
Dialogous (aie logos), a. rare. [f. L. dta-
log-us, Gr. BidAoy-0s DIALOGUE + -OUS.] Of or be-
longing to dialogue; in quot. = dialogue-writ-
ing.
1737 Fietvine /ist. Reg. Ded., The iniquitous surmises
of a certain anonymous dialogous author.
Dialogue (deaialyg), sd. Forms: 3-7 dialoge,
(4 dialoke, -logg, -log), 5-6 dyalogue, 6- dia-
logue. [a. F. da/oge (13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.),
mod.F. dialogue, ad. L. dialogus, Gr. &adoyos con-
versation, dialogue, f. iadéyeo@a to speak alter-
nately, converse ; see DrALEct.]
1. A conversation carried on between two or more
persons; a colloquy, talk together.
(The tendency is to confine it to two persons, perhaps
through associating d/a- with d@/-: cf. aonologue.
1gor Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 109 ‘Vo make with the a dia-
logge, I holde it bot wast. 1509 Fisher /'un. Sere. C'tess
Richmond Wks. (1876) 289 A dyalogue, that is to saye a
comynycacyon betwyxt .. Martha, and our sauyour Jhesu.
1599 SHAKS. A/uch Ado i. i. 31 Feare you not my part of
the Dialogue. 1749 Fiecpinc Zo Youcs VI. xvi. ii, A
short dialogue..then passed between them. 1865 DickENs
Mut. Fr. 1. ix, Bella had closely attended to this short
dialogue.
b. (without A/.) Verbal interchange of thought
between two or more persons, conversation.
¢ 1532 Dewes /xtrod, Fr. (in Palsgr. 1052) By way of dya-
logue betwene the lady Mary & her servant Gyles. 1595
Suaxs. Yohn1. i, 201 In Dialogue of Complement. 1651
Hopses Leviath. u. xxv. 133 To enter into Dispute, and
Dialogue with him. 1725 Pore Odyss. xv. 532 So passed
in pleasing dialogue away The night. 1859 Gro. Ex1o1
A. Bede 87 That is the great advantage of dialogue on horse-
back ; it can be merged any minute into a trot or canter.
2. A literary work in the form of a conversation
between two or more persons.
a 1225 Ancr. R. 76 Pis beod sein Gregories wordes, in his
dialoge. c1zgzeg £. A. Addit. P. B. 1157 Danyel in his
dialokez devysed sum tyme. 1493 Dives § Paup., Here
endith a .. dyalogue of Diues & pauper. @1531 /’0/.
Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 35 A Dyalog betwixt the gentylman
and the plowman. 1588 Snaks. 1. Z. L. v. ii. 895 Wil you
heare the Dialogue that the two Learned men haug com-
piled, in praise of the Owle and the Cuckow? 1751 JoHNsON
Rambler No. 156 ® 7 Tragedy was a Monody .. improved
afterwards into a dialogue by the addition of another speaker.
1838 THIRLWALL Greece IV. 275 Plato, in one of his dia-
logues, introduces Anytus as vehemently offended with
Socrates. 1882 Temperance Mirr. Mar, 63 Uncle Job's
‘Theory, A Dialogue [between 5 persons].
b. (without Z/.) Literary composition of this
nature; the conversation written for and spoken
by actors on the stage ; hence, in recent use, style
of dramatic conversation or writing.
1589 PutrenHAM Eng. Poesie 1. xi, (Arb.) 41 Others who
. by maner of Dialogue, vttered the priuate and familiar
talke of. .shepheards, heywards and such like. 1656 Srantey
Hist. Philos, v. (1701) 174/2'The Writings of Plato are by
way of Dialogue. 1779-8 Jounson L. ?., Smith Wks. iL
468 The diction. .is too luxuriant and splendid for dialogue.
1829 Lytton Disowned 98 Your book is very clever, but it
wants dialogue. 1841 Etpxinstone Hist. /ud, I. 283 The
plots are generally interesting; the dialogue lively. 1880
Grove Dict, Mus, 11. 531/1 [In Opéra comigque] the dénoue-
ment is happy, and the Dialogue spoken.
DIALOGUE.
+3. Such a composition set to music for two or
more voices, Ods.
1653 J. Piavrorp (¢it/e), Select Musical Ayres and Dia-
logues. 657) De pe (title), Ayres and Dialogues to be
sung to the bo-Lute or Bass Viol. 1659 — (¢#t/e) (in
Grove Dict. Aus: 1. 580) Ayres and Dialogues for One,
Two, and Three Voices. '
4. attrib. and Comb., as dialogue-author, -novel,
-piece, writer; Aialogue-wise adv., in the form
of a dialogue.
1561 Veron (tit¢/e), The Hvntynge of Purgatorye to Death,
made Dialogewyse. 1612 Woopatc Surg. Mate Wks. (1653)
19* Explained Duloets wise, betwixt the Authour and a
Military Surgeon. 1711 Suartess. Charac. (1737) II. 317
The form or manner of our dialogue-author, 1732 Fiecpinc
Covent Gard. Trag. Prolegom., A Tragedy is a thing of
five acts, written dialoguewise. 1768 Foote Devil on 2
Sticks m1. Wks. 1799 II. 280 A kind of circulating library,
for the vending of dialogue novels. 1783 Hust. Miss Balti-
mores 1. 211, I will write it dialogue fashion. 1861 J. M.
Neate in Lit. Churchman VII. 375/1 It is a poem written
dialoguewise.
Dialogue (dai-dlyg), v. [f. prec. sb.; cf. F.
dialoguer (1717 in Hatz.-Darm).] Hence also
Dialogued ///. a., Di‘aloguing wé/. sd.
1. intr. To hold a dialogue or conversation.
1607 SHAks. Tinton u. ii. 52 V'ar. How dost Foole? Afe.
Dost Dialogue with thy shadow? 1685 7rialof HH. Cornish,
efc. 28 You must not stand to Dialogue between one another.
1741 Ricuarpson Pamela IL. 45 Thus foolishly dialogued I
with my Heart. 1817 CoteripGe Biog. Lit. (1882) 286
Those puppet-heroines for whom the showman contrives to
dialogue without any skill in ventriloquism. 1858 CarLyLe
Fredk, Gt. 1. w.v. 426 Much semi-articulate questioning
and dialoguing with Dame de Roucoulles.
b. ¢ransf. and fig.
1628 Earte Microcosm., Tobacco-seller (Arb.) 59 Where
men dialogue with their noses, and their communication is
smoak. 1892 Sat. Rev. 18 June 709/2 With oboe obbligato
dialoguing now with sopranos, now with tenors.
+ 2. trans. To converse with. Ods.
1699 F. Bucc Quakerism Exposed g To dialogue the
Bishops, and call them Monsters. /é%d, 27 ‘Vhe Quakers
dialogu’d the Bishops.
3. To express in the form of a dialogue; to
furnish with dialogue.
1597 Suaks. Lover's Compl. 132 And dialogu’d for him
what he would say. 1781 Map. D’Arstay Diary May,
Our conference grew very grave .. | have not time to dia-
logue it. 1885 Academy 16 May 356 A tale full of human
interest, brightly dialogued. 1887 Contemp. Rev. May 717
‘The prodigious skill of his dialogued argumentation,
Dialoguer (daialpga1). rare. [f. prec. +-ER1.]
One who takes part in a dialogue; = D1ALo-
GIST I.
1879 G. Mrrepitu £go/s¢ I. xvii. 314 A polished whisperer,
a lively dialoguer, one for witty bouts.
Dialoguist (doi-ilpgist). [f Dranocue sd. +
-1st.] A writer of dialogue ; = DIALogisT 2,
1739 Fitiz. Cartertr. Alearotti on Newton's Philos.(1742)
II. 60 ‘The Azolian Dialoguists. 1888 Pall Mall G. 3 July
11/1 The whimsical dialoguist of the Happy Islands.
Dialogui:ze, 7. ?0vs.: see Dianocize. [f.
as prec. + -IZE.] tr. To take part in dialogue ;
to converse. Hence Di‘alogui:zing v/. sd.
1599 Broughton's Lett, xii. 42 Euripides and Menander,
Socrates and Epicurus dialoguising and conferring together,
1603 Harsner /’0f. /mpost. xxiii, 166 Upon questioning
and Dialoguizing with the Devil. a1619 Fornrrsy A theom.
1. xii. § 3 (1622) 126 ‘These interlocutorie and dialoguising
dreames.
Di‘al-plate. [f. D1aisé.' + Prate.] The face-
plate of a dial; spec. (in Clock-making) the sheet
of metal, glass, etc. on the face of which the hours,
etc. are marked; = Draw sé. 4.
1 Lond, Gaz, No. 2603/4 A little Gold Watch with
a white Enamell Dial-Plate, made in France, 1781 Cowrer
Conversation 380 The circle formed .. Like figures drawn
upon a dial-plate, 1826 J. Scorr Vis. /aris (ed. 5) 63
iches .. in which different ..names might be slid .. in
the same way as the ever-changing days of the month are
slid into the dial-plates of our clocks. 1840 Carty.e //eroes
iii, (1858) 263 His characters are like watches with dial-plates
of transparent crystal.
fig. 1829 Lytton Disowned 59 Every stroke upon the
flat plate of wit was true to the _ of the hour. 18
Emerson Nature, Lang. Wks. (Be “4 Il. 153 The visible
world .. is the dial plate of the invisible. : ;
b. A graduated plate used with a lapidary’s dial.
1875 Ure Dict. Arts 111. 42 A needle. .marks by its points
the divisions on the dial-plate.
Dialuwric, a. Chem. [f. Di-2 + AL(Loxan) +
pls In dialuric acid, CyN. Hy, Oy, an acid ob-
tain ~ hydrogenizing alloxan, which crystallizes
in needles, and forms, with metals, salts called
Dialu'rates. Hence Dialu'ramide, the primary
amide in which the replacing radical is that of
dialuric acid, 7
1845 G. E. Day tr. Simon's Anim. Chem, 1, 60 On treating
ui] with sulph ted hydrogen, we obtain ,. dialuric
acid, Warts tr. Gmelin's Chem. X. 158 Dialurate of
Potash. ited on mixing a potash-salt with aqueous
dialuric acid, Warts Dict. Chem. V. 958 Dialuric
and uric acids may be regarded as tartron-ureide and
tartron-diureide respectively.
= (dai:li), ad. Gr, diadv-, stem (but not
regular combining form) of d:aAv-ew to part. asun-
der, separate, used as the first element in many
botanical terms, with the sense of ‘separated’, or
812
‘non-united’, Synonymous terms are usually found
in Apo- and Poty-. Thus Dialycarpel (-ka-1pél)
[see Carpet], ‘an ovary or fruit with ununited
carpels’ Syd. Soc. Lex. Dialycarpous (-ka-1pas),a.
(Gr. «aprés fruit], having the carpels distinct.
Dialypetalous (-petilas) a., having the petals dis-
tinct. Dialyphylous (-fi'los) a. [Gr. pvAAor aleaf],
having the leaves distinct. So Dialysepalous,
Dialysta‘minous adjs, having the sepals, the
stamens, distinct. .
1849 Henrrey AXudim. Bot. (1858) 100 More correctl
called dialypetalous, with the petals distinct. 1859 Cc
Dresser Kudim. Bot. 346 It is said to be a |
dialycarpous. 1866 7yeas. Bot., Dialyphyllous, the same
as Polysepalous. 1880 Gray Struct. Bot. vi. § 5. 244 Dialy-
petalous (used by Endlicher) has the same meaning, poly-
petalous. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., ity Daag aving
separate leaves. /did., Dialysepalous, having the sepals
distinct; same as Polysepalous. Jbid., Dialystaminous,
having separate, distinct stamens.
Di ‘sable, -zable, az. [f. Diaryse v. +
-ABLE. So F, dialysable.] Capable of separation
by dialysis. In mod. Dicts.
i sate (daije'lizt). Chem. [f. DIALYsE +
-ATE!.] That portion of a mixture that remains
after dialysis.
1 . ArtrieLp Chem, (1885) 811 The portion passing
through the septum is termed the diffusate, the portion
which does not pass through is termed the dialysate.
Dia‘lysa:tor. Chem. rare. [f. Diatyse, with
L. agent-suffix -a/or.] = DIALYSER.
1891 Daily News 16 Jan. 2/3 It does not belong to the
group of so-called toxalbumins, as it can withstand high
temperatures, and in the dialysator passes quickly and easily
through the membrane.
se, -ze (daialaiz), 7. Chem. [f. Diary-
sis, after analyse.] trans. To separate the crys-
talloid part of a mixture from the colloid, in the
process of chemical dialysis.
1861 Grauam in Phil. Trans, 186 The mixed fluid to be
dialysed is poured into the hoop upon the surface of the
parchment-paper. /éid. 205 The solution is the more dur-
able the longer it has been dialysed. 1885 A. W. Byrn
in Leisure Hour Jan. 23/1 Salt dialysed through the walls
into the distilled water.
Hence Di'alysed f//. a., that has undergone the
= of dialysis; dialysed iron, a soluble ferric
ydroxide, prepared by dialysis, used in medicine.
Dialysing vd/. sd. and ff. a.
1867 [see Diatytic 1]. 1875 H. C. Woov 7heraf. (1879)
9 Dialyzed Iron..is a clear, neutral, nearly tasteless, dark-
red liquid, prepared by dialyzing a solution of the chloride
of iron, 1 . G, Stevenson in Pop. Sc. Monthly XXIV.
771, Membranes possessing dialyzing power.
Dialyser,-zer daialoizar). Chem. [f. DIALYSE
+-ER!,] An apparatus for effecting dialysis; a
vessel formed of parchment or animal membrane
floated on water into which the crystalloids pass
through the membrane, leaving the colloids behind.
1861 Granam in Phil. Trans, 186 The vessel described
(dialyser) is then floated in a basin containing a considerable
quantity of water. 1861 V. 4& Q. 7 Dec., The Dialyser, in-
vented by Thomas Graham, Esq., F.R.S., Master of the
Mint, is an Apparatus for effecting Chemical Analysis rd
means of Liquid Diffusion, 1863-72 Warts Dict. Chem. 1.
316 A sheet of this parchment stretched on a_hoop of thin
wood or gutta percha forms a very convenient dialyser,
1864 H. Srencer Biol. 1, 20 Combined substances between
which the affinity is feeble, will separate on the dialyzer.
Dialysis (dsi,x'lisis). Pl. dialyses. [a. Gr.
&dAvars separation, dissolution ; f. 5aAvew to part
asunder, f. da- through, asunder + Avew to loose.)
+1. XRhet. a, A statement of disjunctive proposi-
tions. b. =Asynpeton. Ods.
DIAMAGNETIC.
the Detection of Poisons by Dialysis. 1878 Foster Phys. a
ut. i, 194 By dialysi: Srmay Coca pentane Postion F
comb, A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 197 ,
Place the filtered brine in a or vessel of the pre-
pared Care parcnaet:
Dialyue (daialitik), a. [ad. Gr. &aduTieds able
to dissolve, f. daAvros separated, dissolved, f. da-
Avew:; see DIALysIs.]
1. Chem. Of the nature of or pertaining to chemi-
cal dialysis.
1861 Granam in Phil. Trans. 186 The most suitable of all
substances for the dialytic septum appears to be the com-
mercial material known as le parchment or parch-
ment paper. 1867 J. Artrrietp Chem. (1885) 813 Di
iron or dialytic iron. 1876 Catal. Sci. App. S. Kens. Mus.
§ 2546 Experiments on ane tion and dialytic separation of
gases by colloid septa.
+2. Med. ‘Relating or pertaining to dialysis
(sense 3); relaxing.’ Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883. Obs.
3. Geol. and Min. (See quot.)
1877 A. H. Green Phys. Geol. iii. § 1. 93 Those derivative
rocks, which have been formed not by the mechanical wear
and tear of pre-existing rocks, but by the chemical decom-
position of their constituents, are sometimes called Dialytic.
Math, Of or pertaining to the differentiation
of equations by the process of dissolution described
in the quotation. :
1853 Syivester in Phil. Trans. CXLIII. 1. 544 Diabytic.
If there be a system of functions containing in each term
different combinations of the powers of the variables in
number equal to the number of the functions, a resultant
may be formed from these functions, by, as it were, dissolv-
ing the relations which connect together the different com-
binations of the powers of the variables, and treating them
as simple independent quantities linearly involved in the
functions. The resultant so formed is called the Dialytic
Resultant of the functions supposed; and any met
which the elimination between two or more equations can
be made to depend on the formation of such a resultant is
called a dialytic method of elimination.
5. Dialytic telescope : a telescope in which achro-
matism is effected by means of two lenses separated
and placed at some distance from each other.
1846 E. West tr. Peschel’s Elem. Physics 11. 136 Prof, Litt-
row of Vienna in 1827 .. proposed that the tel: should
be fitted up with its proper object glass of crown glass; and
that a flint glass lens, of much smaller diameter, should be
placed at a proper distance behind the former, to counteract
the prismatic dispersion of the rays. The name of dialytic
telescopes was given to these instruments,
i i adv, [f. DIALYTIC + -AL + -LY.2]
By way of dialysis; by the dialytic method of
elimination in mathematics.
1873 G. SaLmon sd, ead Plane Curves The actual
elimination of A is easily performed dialytically.
+ Dia’ m. Khet. Obs. [L., a. Gr. 7d dea-
Avrov, subst. use of didAvros: see DIALYTIC,
Diaysis 1b,
1657 J. Smitn Myst. Rhet. 182 Dialyton .. is all one with
Asyndeton. 1706 Puitwirs (ed. Kersey), Dialy/on, a Rhe-
torical Figure, when several Words are put together with-
out any Conjunction Copulative. 17a1 in Battery,
i t (daisimeegnét). [f. Dia- pref.) -
+ Macnet; cf. next.) =DiaMaGyeric sd.
1864 in Weester. 1871 TynpALL Fragm. Se. (1879) I.
xiii. 380 Each man walking over the earth's surface is a
true diamagnet.
i etic (doi:imegne'tik), a. and sé, [f.
Gr. &a- Dia- fre/.' through, across + MAGNETIC,
Teer by Faraday in 1846, first as sb., and then as
Je
A. adj.
1. Of a body or substance: Exhibiting the pheno-
mena of DIAMAGNETISM; the opposite of magnetic
or paramagnetic.
A diamagnetic substance in the form of a bar or the like,
when Jed freely and exposed to magnetic force, takes
1586 Day Eng. Secretary u. (1625) 98 Diadisis, a sep
tion of one thing from another, nei d being absolved by a
severall reason, in the nature of a Dilemma, as thus. .If you
remember it, I have said enough, if not, my words will not
provoke you. 1589 Purrennam Zng, Poesie 1. xix:(Arb.)
230 A maner of speach [Dialisis, or the Dismembrer] not, so
figuratiue as fit for argumentation, and worketh not vnlike
the dilemma of the Logicians. 1823 Crane Technol. Dict.,
Dialysis, (Rhet.). .i.e. asyndeton, a figure of h in which
several words are put together without being connected to-
gether by a conjunction, as ven#, vidi, vict.
+2. Gram. =Dixresist, Obs.
1727-51 Cuampers Cycl., Dialysis, in grammar, a charac-
ter, consisting of two points” placed over two vowels of
aword, which would otherwise make a diphthong; but are
hereby parted into two syllables. As in Mosaic. 1818 E.
V. Biomrienn tr. Matthiz’s Gram. (1829)'p. xlviii, "EéArero
is not a dialysis of #Arero but comes from ééAnomac,
+8. Med. Dissolution of strength. Ods.
1823 Crane Technol. Dict., Dialysis. .a dissolution of the
strength, or a weakness of the limbs. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex.,
Diadysis, an old term for weal of the les of the
limbs. oA F
4. Path. Solution of continuity.
1811 Hoorer Dict., Dialysis, a solution of continuity, or —
a destruction of parts.
be al-
to the
Reader 22 Oct. 516 (heading), On
the
BA) diffusion through a septum of
uatorial position, i.e. at right angles to the lines of
the force ; a paramagnetic (or magnetic) substance takes an
axial position, i.e. in the direction of lines.
1846 Farapay Exper. Res. in Electr. in Phil. Trans. 1. .
42 § 2348 The metals which are magnetic retain a por-
tion of their power after the great change has been effected,
or in what might be called their diamagnetic state. 1849
Mrs. Somervitte Connect, Phys. Sc. xxxiii, 369 Substances
affected after the manner bismuth [when ded
between the poles of an Cg YO: are said to be dia-
netic, Warts Dict. Chem. M11. 777 The same
he medina: tweak poe _ mr: toL jos to
the medium ich it is b uppilt.to Lis
7 Jan. 9 Vp ar ig on ig |
magnetic effects are transmitted less readily than through air.
2. Belonging or relating to diamagnetic bodies,
or to di *
5 1846 egy" E. = Res. Electr, in ping ewe I. 26
ve alr, glass, water, etc, diamagnetics
(2149), 80 I will distinguish these lines by the term diamag-
ae OO jon to and di from
an i
se. Se ee
to ic influence. 1855 H.
SPENnceR
direction
nomena of DIAMAGNETISM.
1846 Farapay Zxfer. Res. con in Phil. Trans, 1. 2
§ 2149 By a dic tic, | mean th which
lines of magnetic force are passing
a
s
t
‘
i
:
eee EE :
Bz
i
aN
ee ON ee ee ee
i
their
secon dont Ane Oe Ted ais ginme, ane Oe
. ar
inches square oa o5 oF an inch thick, having flat and
a ee eee
DIAMAGNETICALLY.
polished edges, was placed as a diamagnetic between the
les. 1871 Tynpatt Fragm. Sc. (1879) I. xiii. 375 The
y used to excite this diamagnetic,
Diamagne'tically, adv. [f. prec. + -au +
-1.Y 2,] In the manner of a diamagnetic body, or
of diamagnetism. Also fig.
1850 Grove Corr. Phys. Forces (ed. 2) 88 Their optic axis
points diamagnetically or transversely to the lines of mag-
netic force. 1871 TyLor Prim. Cult. 11. 388 The influence
of the divine Sun. . still subsists as a mechanical force, acting
diamagnetically to adjust the axis of the church and turn
the body of the worshipper. —
etism (doi:amegnétiz’m). [f. Dia-t
+ MAGNETISM, after diamagnetic.| a. The pheno-
mena exhibited by a class of bodies, which, when
freely suspended and acted on by magnetism, take
up a position transverse to that of the magnetic
axis, i.e, lie (approximately) east and west; the
force to which these phenomena are attributed ;
the quality of being diamagnetic. b. That branch
of the science of magnetism which treats of dia-
magnetic bodies and phenomena.
1850 W. Grecory Lett. Anim, Magnetism p. xv, He does
indeed propose to include under the general term Magnetism
two forms of it; viz. Paramagnetism .. and Diamagnetism.
1854 J. ScoFFERN in Or7’s Circ. Sc. Chem. 273 The. .begin-
ning of the science of dia-magnetism. 1873 Watts Fovwzes’
Chem. (ed. 11) 88 Diamagnetism must be regarded as a force
distinct from magnetism. 1877 Le Conte Alem. Geol. (1879)
184 Apparent diamagnetism of cleaved slates under certain
conditions. a Z é
agnetize (doi:ime-gnétaiz),v. [f. Dra-!
+ MAGNETIZE, after diamagnetic.) trans. To render
diamagnetic; to cause to exhibit diamagnetism.
1877 Mitter & McLrop Elem, Chem. 1. (ed. 6) 677 The
* bismuth bars .. will become diamagnetized.
Hence Diama:gnetiza‘tion, the action of dia-
magnetizing, or condition of being diamagnetized.
In mod, Dicts. :
Diama:gneto'meter. [f. Dramacner ism)
+ Gr. wérpov, after magnetometer.) An instrument
for measuring diamagnetic force.
1886 Wormett'tr. Von Urbanitsky’s Elect. in Serv. Man
(1890) 180 Weber constructed an instrument, the diamag-
netometer, by means of which he measured the magnetic
moment of bismuth, :
Diamand(e, -mant, -maund(e, etc., obs. ff.
DIAMOND. '
Diamantiferous (dei:imenti-férss), a. [f.
after mod.F. diamantifere, fF. diamant DIAMOND:
see -FEROUS.] Diamond-producing.
1878 in Academy 14 Sept., The diamantiferous sands of
the valleys. 1880 CLerkr in Fraser's Mag. 822 The dia-
mantiferous districts of Brazil.
Diamantine (deiime-ntin), @. and sd. [a. F.
diamantin (16th c. in Littré); f. déamant DIAMOND :
see -INE.] A. adj.
1. Consisting of, or of the nature of, diamond ;
containing or producing diamonds.
1605 TIMME Quersit. 1. xil. 49 That he might reduce the
more pure and ethereall mercury .. into a christalline and
dyamantine substance. 1 Phil. Trans. XI, 755 Iron-
hooks, with which they fetch out the Diamantin-oar, 1827
Monrcomery Pelican [si. 1x. 149 Day after day he pierced
the dark abyss. . Till he had reach’d its diamantine floor.
2. Hard as diamond, adamantine. Ods.
1gg1 Syivester Du Bartas 1. iv. (1641) 35/2 Destinies hard
Diamantine Rock. a 1649 Drumm. or Hawrn. Poems Wks.
(1711) 29 Doors of eternity, With diamantine barrs.
. 50,
1. A preparation of adamantine or crystallized
boron, used as a polishing powder for steel work.
1884 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 86 A name may be
removed from an enamel dial by gently rubbing it with
a little fine diamantine on the point of the finger. ar 4
lbid., Diamantine, a preparation of crystallized boron muc
esteemed as a polishing powder for steel work,
2. ? A fabric with diamond-shaped pattern.
1832 Last Anglian 21 Feb. (in Queen 19 May 1883), Cor-
deretts, diamantines, chiveretts.
+ Dia‘mber. Pharm. Obs. Also diambre,
diambar. [a.F. diamdre, in med.L. diambra: see
Dra-2 and AmBer.] An old stomachic and cordial
containing ambergris, musk, and other aromatics.
1 Warope tr. Alexis’ Secr. 10a, He made her also
eate the confection of Diambre. 1608 Mippteron Mad
World i. ii, Mixed in a stone or glass mortar with the
spirit of diamber. é :
i eso us (dai:imésp'gdmas), a. Bot.
[f. Gr. d:aueoor the intervening part (f. 64 through
+ péoo-s middle) + yay-os marriage + -ous.] Of
flowers: Fertilized by the intervention of some
external agency, as that of insects or the wind.
[1883 D’Arcy Tompson tr. Mfiiller’s Fertil. Flowers 14
Plants which require external aid to bring their reproductive
elements together are termed ‘ Diamesogamz’.]
Diametarily, erroneous f. DIAMETRALLY.
Diameter (dei,"m/tar). Also 4-6 diametre.
[a. OF. dia-, dyametre (13th c. in Littré; mod.F’.
diambtre), ad. L. diametrus, -os, a. Gr. Sidperpos
(sc. ypauuy line) diagonal of a parallelogram, dia-
meter of a circle, f. dd through, across + uérpoy
measure. ]
1. Geom. A straight line passing through the
centre of a circle (or sphere), and terminated at
Vou, III.
313
each end by its circumference (or surface). Hence
extended to a chord of any conic (or of a quadric
surface) passing through the centre; and further,
to a line passing through the middle points of a
system of parallel chords (or through the centres
of mean distances of their points of intersection
with the curve), ina curve of any order. b. The
Draconan of a parallelogram. (0bs.) ¢@. gen.
A line passing from side to side of any body
through the centre.
1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 71 Pe dyameter [of] a
figure [is] be lengest even lyne pat is devysed berynne, take
who pat may. 1551 Recorpe Pathw. Anowl.1. De®, And all
the lines that bee drawen crosse the circle, and goe by the
centre,are named diameters. 1551 — Cast. Anovw/. (1556) 18
Euery right lyne that passeth from side to syde in a globe,
and toucheth the centre, is aptely called a diameter. 1635
N. Carrenter Geog. Del. 1. v. 110 All the Diameters of the
world concurre, and cut one the other in the Center. 1660
Barrow Euclid 1. Def. xxxvi, In a parallelogram, when a
diameter .. [is] drawn. 1726-7 Swirr Gulliver u. iv. 129,
I paced the diameter and circumference several times. 1796
Hutton d/ath. Dict. s.v., Diameter, of any Curve, isa right
line which divides two other parallel right lines, in such
manner that, in each of them, all the segments or ordinates
on one side, between the diameter and different points of
the curve, are equal to all those on the other side. This is
Newton's sense of a Diameter. But, according to some, a
diameter is that line, whether right or curved, which bisects
all the parallels drawn from one point to another of a curve.
1831 R. Knox Cloguet’s Anat. 35 The Thorax. .is measured
by means of certain ideal lines, named its diameters, which
pass from the sternum to the vertebral column, or from
one side to the other. All the diameters are greater below
than above, 1885 LeupEsporF Cremona’s Proj. Geom. 217
If any number of parallel chords of a conic be drawn, the
locus of their middle points is a straight line. . This straight
line is termed the diameter of the chords which it bisects.
d. fig. ? Central line, axis. Ods.
¢ 1430 Lypc. Balade our Ladie (R.), O stedfast diametre
of duracion That fewe feres any time might thou finde For
none to him was founden halfe so kinde.
2. The transverse measurement of any geometrical
figure or body; the length of a straight line drawn
from side to side through the centre, esf. of a circle
or body of circular, spherical, or cylindrical form ;
width; thickness.
¢139% Cuaucer Asfrol. 1. $38 Let this pyn be no lengere
than a quarter of the diametre of thi compas. 1557 RecorDE
IVhetst.iv. b, A Gonne of sixe inches diameter in the mouthe.
@ 1635 Corset Poems 192 The just proportion. .Of the dia-
meter and circumference. 1703 Moxon Mech. E-verc. 273
A Chimny, whose Diameter between the Jambs is eight feet.
1774 Gotpso. Nat. Hist. (1776) VIII. 106 [A wasp] boring a
hole..not much wider than the diameter of its own body.
1812-6 J. Smith Panorama Sc. §& Art 1. 312 The power and
the weight will balance each other, when the power bears the
same proportion to the weight that the diameter of the axis
bears to the diameter of the wheel. 1868 Lockyer Elem.
Astron. ii. (1879) 39 The diameter of the Sun is 853,380 miles.
tb. elizpt. with numeral expressions : =:0/ (such a) d/a-
meter, or =in diameter (4 a). Obs.
1663 GERBIER Counsel 69 Balls twelve inches Diameter.
1718 Lavy M. W. Montacu Leé. ¢o C'tess Bristol 10 Apr.,
The dome ..is said to be one hundred and thirteen feet
diameter. 1825 J. NicHoLson Oferat. Mechanic 191 Some
+. Were not more than 3} inches diameter.
ce. Geom. The length of the diagonal of a paral-
lelogram. (obs.) +d. Arith. A number that is
the square root of the sum of the squares of the
two factors of a DIAMETRAL number (and hence
may be represented by the diagonal of a rectangle
whose sides are proportional to these factors, the
rectangle itself representing the ‘diametral num-
ber’). Ods.
1557 Recorpve Whetst. Dj, x
diametralle number 120 [=8 X 15].
of that platte forme.
e. Arch. The transverse measurement of a
column at its base, taken as a unit of measure-
ment for the proportions of an order.
1604 Drayton Ow/e 629 Of Columnes the Diameters doth
tell. oe Bi Cuampers Cycl. s. v., Diameter of a Column,
is its thickness just above the base. From this the module
is taken, which measures all the other parts of the column.
jameter of the Diminution, is that taken from the top of
the shaft. Déiameter of the Swelling, is that taken at the
height of one-third from the base. 1 Gwitt Archit:
mm. 1, § 2556 Vitruvius in this order [the Tuscan] forms the
columns six diameters high, and makes their diminution one
quarter of the diameter. 1850 Leircn Miller's Anc. Art
§ 54 The columns in the temple of Ephesus were eight
diameters high.
f. As a unit of linear measurement of the mag-
nifying power of a lens or microscope. (Cf. also
quot. 1665 in 4.)
1856 Emerson Lug. Traits, First Visit Wks. (Bohn) II.
3 His microscopes, magnifying two thousand diameters,
g. Whole extent from side to side or from en
to end, a
1602 Suaxs. Ham. 1v. i. 41 [Slander], whose whisper o’er
the world’s diameter, As level as the cannon to his blank,
Transports his poison’d shot. ¢ 1645 Howe. Le?t. I. vi.
Xxxviil. 261, I have traversed the Diameter of France more
than once. :
+3. The diametrical or direct opposite; con-
trariety, contradiction, Also e//ipt.=in diameter
4b. Obs.
1579 J. Stusses Gaping Gulf Ay, What a diameter of
religion were it for vs dwelling among Christians, to admit
is the diameter to that
Ibid., 5 is the diameter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DIAMETRALLY.
from ouer sea, the sons of men in mariage? 1661 GLANVILL
Vanity of Dogmatizing 76, 1 shall not undertake to main-
tain the Paradox, that stands diameter to this almost
Catholic opinion.
4. Phrases. J diameter. a. lit. in sense 2 (with
numerals, etc.) : In measurement across through the
centre ; in width or thickness, (Formerly also 77
the diameter.)
1577 Dre Relat. Spir. 1. (1659) 356 A trunk of fire, which
..seemeth to be 4 foot over in the Diameter. 1665 PAi/.
Trans. 1. 60 It would magnifie but 600 times in Diameter.
a1719 Avpison /taly (‘T.), The bay of Naples. .lies in almost
a round figure of about thirty miles in the diameter. 1858
Hose Veg. Kingd. 110 The fruit hangs from the tree [baobab]
by a stalk two feet long and an inch in diameter.
+b. Diametrically, directly (with words denoting
opposition or contrariety); in direct opposition.
{After Gr. é¢ Siapérpou avrixeto@ai to lie diametri-
cally opposite.] (Usually fg.) Also (in lit. sense
by a diameter. Obs. (Cf. DIAMETRICAL 2, 2b.)
1543 TRAHERON V7go's Chirurg. v1. i. 181 By flebothomie
onthe contrary syde byadiameter. 1598 B. Jonson /'v. A/an
in Hum. 1. vii, To come to a publike schoole.. it was
opposite (in diameter) to my humour. 1643 Mu-ton /)ivorce
u. xxi. (1851) 122 To hinder .. those deep and serious re-
gresses of nature .. is in diameter against both nature and
institution. 1643 Sir T. Browne Kedig. Aled. 1. $3 ‘Vo stand
in diameter and swords point with them. /d/d.1. § 51 It is
not worthy to stand in diameter with Heaven.
+e. Lz a diameter: in a direct line, directly.
Obs. (Cf. DIAMETRICALLY 3.)
a168r J. Lacy Sir H. Buffoon 1. Dram. Wks. (1875) 228
Deriving our pedigree in a diameter from the best blood of
Europe.
Hence Dia‘metered a., of a (specified) diameter.
1707 SLOANE Yamaica I. 57 A two or three inch long dia-
meter’d broad woody.pedestal. /d¢:?. 63 A foot diameter’d,
large, broad, roundish root.
+ Dia‘meterly, av. Obs. rare.
-LY 2.] = DIAMETRICALLY 2b.
1603 Frorio Montaigne mi. ix. (1632) 560 Libertie and idle-
nesse .. are qualities diameterly contrary to that mysterie.
16 Ames Agst. Cerem. 1. 518 So diameterly contrary to it.
y ‘meter-wise, av. Obs. =prec.
1600 W. VauGuan Direct. Health (1633) 133 Being dia-
meter-wise repugnant to our Makers commandment.
Diametral (daijem/tral’, a. and sé. [a. OF.
dyametral (14th c. in Godef, Supp/.; mod. . diameé-
tral), ad. med.L. diametralis, f£. diametrus D1A\-
METER : see -AL.] A. adj.
1. Of or relating to a diameter ; of the nature of
or constituting a diameter.
Diametral plane: (a) Geom, a plane passing through the
centre of a sphere or other solid ; (4) C7yst¢. a plane pass-
ing through two of the axes of a crystal (see DiametRric 1).
1855 Even Decades 6 An other Tande: .whose Diametral
syde extendynge frome the Easte to the weste, they iudged
to bee a hundreth and fyftie myle. 1668 CuLreprer & Cor
Barthol. Anat, 1. iii. go The Diametral wideness of the
lower Belly. 1676 Moxon Print Lett. 46 Through this
Circle draw a.. Diametral line. 1833 HerscHet Astron,
iii. 151 In the orthographic projection, every point of the
hemisphere is referred to its diametral plane or base. 1865
W.S. Atpis Elem. Solid Geonr, vi. (1886) 85 The locus of
the middle points of a system of parallel chords of a surface
is called the diametral surface of the system. 1877 Huxtry
Anat. Inv. Anim. iii. 162 The diametral folds of the oral
aperture, 31881 Maxwe.t ects. § Magn. 1.12 A diameter
of an ellipsoid and its conjugate diametral plane.
+b. Forming, or situated in, a straight line. Ods.
1594 Biunpevit Exerc. ut. 1. xv. (ed. 7) 307 When the
Sunne, the Earth, and the Moone be met in one selfe dia-
metrall line. 1647 H. More Song of Sowd 1. 1. xlvii, The
Sunne and Moon combine,”*Then they're at ods in site
Diametrall.
+2. Arith. Diametral number: one that is the
product of two factors the sum of whose squares is
asquare. (Cf, DIAMETER 2d.) Ods.
Thus 32+42=5?; then 3x 4=12 is a diametral number.
1557 Recorpe Whetst. Civb. 1674 Jeaxe A77th. (1696)
179 Diametral numbers .. are produced as Oblongs, by mul-
tiplying their proper parts together. /7d. 181 All Diametral
Numbers do set forth a Plain Rectangled Triangle, having
all 3 Sides known.
+3. =DIAMETRICAL 2. Ods.
1628 Donne Sern. Ixxii. 726 There is not so direct and
Diametrall a contrariety between the Nature of any Sinne
and God, as betweene him and Pride. 164x Lp. J. Dicsy
Sp. in Ho. Com, 21 Apr. 11, I see the best Lawyers in dia-
metrall opposition. 1666 Sancrorr Lex /gnea 22 Yourown
Oppositions direct and Diametral toGod. 1768 Life Sir
Barth. Sapskull 1. 56 The genius of pleasure is a diametral
contradiction to the spirit of trade and commerce.
+B. sb. Obs.
1. A diametral line, diameter.
1658 Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus iii. 56 The incession or
locall motion of animals is made. . by decussative diametrals,
uincunciall Lines andangles. 1676 Moxon Print Lett. 47
Through the Diametral c, ¢, draw another Diametral line.
2. A diametral number: see A. 2.
1674 JeaKe Avith. (1696) 184 If 540, or 432, etc. be Dia-
metrals, then 54,000 and 43,200 be the like.
Dia'metrally, adv. [f. pree.+-L¥ 2]
1. In the way of a diameter; in a line passing
through the centre.
[x Bk. St. Albans, Her. F ivb, The lawiste parte ex-
tendys to the lawist parte of the shelde dyametralitfer].]
1589 Putrennam Eng. Poeste 1. (Arb.) 111 Ouerthwart and
dyametrally from one side of the circle to the other. @x
Merve View Apoc. Wks. v. 917 Which Beasts are here said
to be ‘in the midst of the Throne’ and ea ee the
4
[f. .pree. +
DIAMETRIC.
Throne ’, that is, diametrally placed round about the Throne.
1882 ‘ag. Dec. 193 Meteoric streamers
from the sun.
By E. G. D'Acosta's Hist.
h
Indies 1. 6 When as the
roundnesse of the earth opposeth itselfe di: lly betwixt
her (the moon] and the sunne. 1616 MakLowe ‘aust. iv,
23 Let thy left eye be diametrally (Q. 1604 diametarily]
xed on my right heel.
+3. a. Zit, =DIAMETRICALLY 2a. Obs.
1563 Futke Meteors (1640) 376 The center. .of the Rayne-
bow fs Diametrally opposite to the center [of the Sun].
1594 Buunpevit Exerc. ut. 1. xv. (ed. 7) 307 Moone [is]
said to be diametrally opposite to the Sunne.. When a right
line drawne from the Center of the Sunne, to the Center of
the Moon, passeth thorow the Center of the earth. 1652
Gaute Magastr, 4a, There are yet in Heaven two Stars
Diametrally opposite one to the other.
+b. fig. =DIAMETRICALLY 2b. Obs.
©1532 Dewes /ntrod. Fr, in Palsgr. 1077 Coldenes and
drinesse..ben diametrally opposite and contrary to hete
and moisture, 1630 Prynne Anti-Armin. 2 Diametrally re-
pugnant to the anciently established... Doctrine. 1647 Cup-
WORTH Serm,on1 S. Fohnii. 3-4 One that should encourage
that.,which is diametrally opposite to God’s. . Being.
Diametric (doidme'trik), a. [ad. Gr. dape-
tpikds, f. diduerpos DIAMETER: see -IC.]
1. Relating to or of the nature of a diameter ;
diametral.
1868 Dana Min. Introd. (1880) 20 By a diametric plane
or section. .is meant a plane passing through any two of the
crystallographic axes.
2. Of opposition or the like: == DIAMETRICAL 2.
1802 H. Martin Helen of Glenross IV. 51 She is. the dia-
metric reverse of her sister Lady Clavington. 1886 J. A.
Aupis in Academy 3 July 2/2 The diametric, the irreconcil-
able, discord between James Hinton and ‘Church teaching’.
Diametrical (daiime'trikal), a. [f. as prec.
+-AL.]
1. Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of a dia-
meter; passing through or along a diameter;
diametral.
1§53 Even Treat. Newe Ind. Ep. to Rdr. (Arb.) 10 They
were .. antipodes, walking feete to feete one agaynste the
other, almost as directly as a diametrical lyne. 1615 Mark-
HAM Pleas. Princes, Angling iii. (1635) 16 He should have
knowledge in proportions of all sorts, whether Circular,
square, or Diametricall. 1730 A. Gorvon Maffei's Amphith.
291 The diametrical Passage following cross-ways. 1864 H.
Srencer /dlustr. Univ. Progr. 282 A current proceeding in
a diametrical direction from the equator to the centre.
2. Of opposition or the like: Direct, entire, com-
plete (like that of two points on a circle at opposite
ends of a diameter: cf. DrAMETER 4b). Usually fig.
1613 Jackson Creed 1, 221 The Diametricall opposition
betwixt the spirit of God and the Spirit of the Papacie.
1642 Furcer Holy & Prof, St... xx. 207 The East and
West Indies. .whose names speak them at diametricall op-
position. 1753 Smottetr Ct, Fathom (1784) 29/1 Advice
improperly administered generally acts in diametrical oppo-
sition to the purpose for which it is supposed to be given.
1874 H. R. Reynotps Fohn Baft. iv. § 1. 247 The dia-
metrical difference between the Talmud and Christianity.
+b. Directly or completely opposed, either in
nature or result. Ods.
1647 Sactmarsu Spark/, Glory (1847) 117 When Christians
are under several forms and administrations, and these
diametrical, or opposite to each other. 1670 G. H. Hist.
Cardinals 1. 1. 55 The two profest diametrical Enemies of
those virtues. 1734 Nortn E-vamt. 1. ii. § 31 (1740) 46
‘The Revolution was very quick and diametrical.
+e. quasi-adv. =DIAMETRICALLY 2. Oés.
1653 J. Curtwinp Dead Speaking 16 Such diametrical op-
posite effects... from the same cause.
iame , adv. [f. prec. + -L¥ 2.]
1. In the manner or direction of a diameter;
along the diameter; straight through. :
1695 Woopwarp Nat. //ist. Earth m. i. (1723) 137 The
Vapour. .cannot penetrate the Stratum diametricaly.
T. Taytor Pausanias 111. 95 Its breadth, measured dia-
metrically, 7. be conjectured to be about four cubits,
1826 Scorr Mal. Malagr. i, 53 This true course cannot
always be followed out strai it and diametrically. 1889
Nature 7 Nov. 13 The molecules, which he represents dia-
metrically. ‘
2. In the way of direct or complete opposition.
Usually with opposite, opposed, contrary : Directly,
exactly, entirely, completely, (Cf. prec. 2.) a. Jit,
of physical opposition.
c 2648 Howe tt Lett. (1650) I. 1. xxvii. 44 Two white keen-
pointed rocks, that lie under water diametrically opposed.
1726 tr. Gregory's Astron. 1.13 This Planet will not always
attend the Sun, but sometimes be diametrically opposite to
it, 1870 R. M. Fercuson Zéectr, 32 These points are not
diametrically opposite each other.
b. fig. (The usual sense.)
T, Avams Exf, 2 Peter ii. 10 Vice cannot consist
with virtue, because it is diametrically ite. 1672
Ctarenvon “ss, Tracts (1727) 241 That men of equal learn-
ing .. integrity and .. isty, should differ so comehuceny
from each other. 1799 J. Rosertson Agric. Perth 2% t
is diametrically contrary to the genius of the British con-
stitution. 1856 Froupr Hist. Eng. I. 118 That the positions
of England and Spain toward the would be diame-
trically changed. 1872 Minto Eng. Prose Lit. 1. i. 51 Two
kinds of emotion. .diametrically antagonistic.
+3. Directly, in an exact line (with) ; in the way
of complete agreement. Ods. rare.
1661 Sir H. Vane's Politics 6 My Judgement runs dia-
metrically with his.
314
), @. and sé
(dai-amiktpnik 3
[f Gr. *diapserés, vbl. adj. from d:a-
a to mix up (cf. puxrés, f. peyvivat) ;
Applied by Pinkerton to a
‘domain’ or division minerals isting of
various substances intimately combined. b. as sd.
A mineral belonging to this ‘domain’.
3811 Pinkerton /etraé. I. Introd., The remaining six
domains, derived from circumstances or accidences, are. .
8. The Diamictonic, or rocks in which the substances are so
completely mingled, that it is difficult. .to nce which
preponderates. — Edin. Rev. XXII. 73 The gross
error which led to the foundation of the eighth Domain,
or the Diamictonic as it is entitled. /éid. 74 Forming an
essential character in a system of Diamictonics.
Diamide (doi-imoid). Chem. (f. Dr-2 +
AmipE.] An amide formed on the type of two
molecules of Ammonia, the hydrogen of which is
replaced partly or wholly -by one or more acid
radicals.
1866 E. Franxtanp Lect. Notes Chem. Stud. 374 The
diamides may be regarded as derived from two molecules
of ammonia.
Diami-do-. Chem. [Di1-2+ Ammo-.] Having
two atoms of hydrogen replaced by two of the
radical Amidogen NH., as Déamido-be-nzene
C, Hy NH,)>.
1880 Friswet in Soc. of Arts 446 We have thus produced
diamidobenzene.
Diami-dogen. Chem. Sce Di-2 and Ami-
DOGEN.
1887 Athenwum 9 July 57/2 The preparation of a new
compound of nitrogen and pdiceen -. He [Curtius] terms
it hydrazine or diamidogen. It has the composition ex-
pressed by the formula Noth.
Diamine (doi-amain). Chem. {f. Dr-2 +
AmInE.] An amine, or compound derived from
two molecules of ammonia the hydrogen of
which is replaced partly or wholly by one or more
basic radicals, as Ezhene-diamine Ns Cu,
2
1866 E. Franxtanp Lect. Notes Chem, Stud. 367 The
diamines are formed by the coupling together two atoms of
nitrogen in two molecules of ammonia. 1869 Roscoe Elem.
Chem. 362 Ethylene diamines are volatile bases obtained
by acting with ammonia on ethylene dibromide.
i o-, Diammonio-. Chem. See D1-2 2,
AmMo-, AMMONIO-,
Warts Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 11) 424 The Diammonio-
platinous and Tetrammonio-platinic Compounds. /did.,
These tetrammonio-platinous compounds may also be re-
garded as salts of pamper bes seine ref
Diamond (dai:amand, daimand), 56. Forms:
a, 4-5 dia-, dyamawnte, 4-6 -maunt, 5-6 dya-
mant, 5-7 diamant; 8. 4-5 dia-,dya-,-maund(e,
-mawnde, -mounde, -mownde, 4-6 -mand(e,
5 dyamonde, -mount, -monthe, deamond(e,
5-6 dyamont(e, diamonde, 5-7 dyamond, 6
diamont, -munde, 6- diamond; y. 7 dimond,
8 di’mond. [ME. diamant, -aunt, a. OF. dia-
mant (=Pr. dtaman, Cat. diamant, It. di to,
OHG, demant), ad. late L. diamas, diamant-em
(med.Gr. Sauayre), an alteration of L. adamas,
-antem, or perh, of its popular variant adimant-em
(whence Pr.adiman,aziman,ayman, OF r.aimant),
app. under the influence of the numerous technical
words beginning with the prefix Dia-, Gr. da-.
The differentiation of form in late L. was gage! con-
pe
after plutonic, etc.]
¢ 1400 Rom. Rose 4385 Herte as hard as unt, Stede-
fast, and nought pliaunt. 1590 Srenser /. Q. 1. vi. 4 As
rock of Diamond stedfast evermore. ILTON Apel.
Smect. ii, Zeal, whose substance is et! 5 ing in com-
plete diamond, ascends his fiery chariot. 1656 Honses
hardest body that supposing it an anvil of dia.
Micron P. Z. vi. 364 On each wing Uriel and
Raphael his vaunting foe, Though huge, and in a Rock of
Diamond Armd, Vanquish’d.
ce. Her, In blazoning by
name for the tincture sab/e or black.
1572 Bossewett Armorie u. 55b, The field is ed
pale Nebule, Carboncle and Tamed le. ebay Peon
er. 19s
2. transf. — (usually with distinguishing
epithet) to other crystalline minerals, resembli
the diamond in brilliancy; as Bréstol di a
Cornish diamond (see BristoL, Cornish), Matura
diamond, Quebec diamond (see quots.).
1591 Nasue in Arber's Garner I. 501 If one wear Cornish
diamonds on his toes. 1610 Hottanp Camden's Brit. 1.
239 St. Vincent's rock so full of Diamants that a man may
fill whole strikes or bushels of them. 1665 Hooke Aicragr.
79 Stirig of Crystal, or like the small Diamants I observ'd
in certain Flints. 1802 R.Brooxes Gazetteer (ed. + 9
Piseck.. Bohemian diamonds are found here. 1886 S. M.
Burnuam Precious Stones 319 The variety [of zircon) ob-
tained from Matura, Ceylon, where it is called ‘ Matura
diamond,’ is often sold in the bazaars of India for the
3. Fg. Something very precious; a thing or per-
son of great worth, or (in mod. use) a person of very
brilliant attainments. (Cf. 7.) . me
York Myst. » $18 Dyeneneie
drevrry dight. rot Piter Perf \ + de W, 1531) 183 The
iamonde
moost to mank thy swete sone
esus. 1597 15/ Pe pee Sr. Parnass. Wi. i. 1043, I will
we u them the precious stons of my witt, a dia-
monde of invention. 165: Relig. Wotton. 20 His second
son, Walter Devereux ..was indeed a dyamond of the time,
and both of an hardy and deli emper and r
1888 Froupe Eng. in W. Ind. 112 There are many dia-
ds, and di di of the first water, among the Atart
nected with the double signification i
of ‘di d’ and ‘load: " (see Apamant); for, in all
the languages, diamant with its es was at
restricted to the gem, as aimant was in F. to the loadstone.
a
In English the dy nd ade are 1g
from and to each other cr in Maundevile, ed.
1839, xiv. 161, ed. Roxb. Soc. xvii. 803 but adamant long
retained the double sense of late L. adamas? thus Sher-
wood, 1623, has ‘An Adamant stone, (F.) aimant, diamant,
oyenmerors marinidre” See ANT.
The a of the middle syllable has tended to disappear since
the 16th c., as shown by the spelling @i'mond, dimond.
Sheridan and other early orthoepists recognize the dissy)-
labic pronunciation, but most recent authorities reckon
three syllables. In Shakspere the word is more frequently
a trisyllable; but it is very lly dissyllabic in Pope,
Thomson, Young, Cowper, and Tennyson.)
I. 1. A very honda and brilliant ious stone,
consisting of pure carbon crystal in regular
octahedrons and allied forms (in the native state
usually with convex surfaces), and either colourless
or variously tinted. It is the most brilliant and
valuable of precious stones, and the hardest sub-
stance known.
Diamonds are commonly cut in three forms, called Taste,
Rose, and Britiiant: see these words, Plate diamond,
ag diamond, scratch diamond: see quots. 1854, 1880,
go in Neg Lk Pe A burde in a bour ase
terol on ry diamaunde the dere in day when he is
dyht. ¢ 2386 Cuaucer An?.’s 7. 1289 Of fyne Ru! and of
d untz [v.7. dyamauntis, diamantz]. ¢1400 Maunpev.
( b) xvit. 79 Men fynder dyamau te
qr.
iy yamondes
cans as ourselves,
b. Something that shines like a diamond ; a glit-
tering icle or point.
vw} Ld. of Isles w. xiii, Each puny wave in dia-
monds roll’d O'er the calm deep, 1862 Nuge Crit.
Suietey
i. 75 The is .. covered with minute diamonds of white
first, which sparkle keenly in the winter light.
Awe consisting of a small diamond set in a
handle, used for cutting glass; called distinctively
glasier’s diamond or cutting diamond.
1697 Lond. Gas. No. ax/4 (He) took with him a valuable
Glasier's Diamond. 1 p Trans. 266 Ya
cured a common glazier’s diamond. 1831 J. Murray Dia-
minute which
facets are those proper for glaziers’ diamonds.
5. A diamond-shaped figure, i.e. a plane figure
of the form of a section of an octahedral diamond ;
a rhomb (or a square) placed with its —
vertical and horizontal ; a lozenge. (In early use,
a solid body of octahedral or rhombohedral
form.)
irne, to be dyamondis uncast, xxv.s, did. 310 Item,
gifin to Johne Smyth, for is to xij speris,
iiij speris ae lid
Rone, wn theeeed, mt Segue ving pd sides,
rows that the flowers
CE? SY aed Geeks tee oC eee’ 1.
462‘ The Diamond ', a term frequently used tn tna hich,
t an Ag c
taken together, are diamond-shaped. Kennan in Cen-
tury Mag. XX XVIII. 167/2 Convicts in overcoats
wh yellow diamonds ee backs, eet ‘ercantile
recious stones, the ”
‘
DIAMOND.
Letter) ‘We send you Bill of Lading of 2 bales Wool, mark
L in a diamond.
b. sfec. A figure of this form printed upon a
playing-card ; a card of the suit marked with such
figures,
1594 Lyty Moth. Bomp. ui. iv, My bed-fellow .. dreamt
that night that the king of diamonds was sick. 1598 FLorio
Quadri, squares, those that we call diamonds or picts upon
playing cards. 1680 Corton Gamester in Singer Hist.
Cards 340 The ace of diamonds. 1710 Brit. Apollo III.
No. 71. 2/2 The Nine of Diamonds is .. call’d the Curse of
Scotland. 1712-14 Pore Rafe Lock 1. 75 Clubs, Diamonds,
Hearts, in wild disorder seen. 1820 Prazp 70 Yulia 78 As
if eternity were laid Upon a diamond, or a spade. 1870
Harpy & Ware Mod. Hoyle 150 Single Besique is composed
of a Knave of Diamonds and a Queen of Spades laid upon
the table... together. This scores 4o,
e. A kind of stitch in fancy needlework.
1882 Cautremn.y & Sawarp Dict. Needlework 152 Dia-
mtond, a stitch used in Macramé lace to vary the design . .
There are three ways of making Diamonds; The Single ..
The Double .. and the Treble.
—— 4d. The square figure formed by the four bases
in the game of base-ball ; also, by extension, applied
to the whole field. ( U.S.)
1894 Boston (Mass.) F¥rni. 25 Feb. 3/7 Rulers of the
Diamond. The National Base Ball League.
6. Printing. The second smallest standard size
of roman or italic type, a size smaller than ‘ pearl’,
but larger than ‘brilliant’. Also aétrib. [ad. Du.
' diamant: so named by its introducer Voskens.]
This line is a specimen of the type called Diamond,
1778 Mores Dissert. Eng. Typog. Founders 26 Minion,
Nonpareil, Pearl, Ruby and Diamond, so named from their
sual ltiaas and fancied prettiness. 1808 C. Srower Printer’s
Gram. 43 Diamond is only pearl face upon a smaller body,
and seldom used. ag fae eg Typogr. 11. v. 83. 1829
Cartyte Misc. (1857) II. 6 The very diamond edition of
which might fill whole libraries. 1843 Penny Cycl. XXV.
455/2 Diamond .. is the smallest type used in this country.
lbid, 456 The Dutch were the first in Europe to cut Dia-
mond type. 1856 Book and its Story (ed. 9), 206 The value
of the type fora Diamond Bible. .is several thousand pounds.
1889 H. Frowpe in Pad? Madi G, 26 Nov. 2/3 We specially
cast the type for the book [the ‘ Finger Prayer-Book’], which
is printed, you will see, in ‘ diamond’ and ‘ brilliant’.
II. 7. Phrases. a. Black diamond; (a) a dia-
mond of a black or dark brown colour, esp. arough
diamond as used by lapidaries, etc. ; (6) #7. a name
playfully given to coal, as consisting, like the dia-
mond,of carbon. b. Rough diamond: a diamond in
its natural state, before it is cut and polished; hence
Jig. a person of high intrinsic worth, but rude and
unpolished in manners. ¢. Diamond cut diamond:
an equal match in sharpness (of wit, aagetny etc.).
a, 1763 W. Lewis Comm. Philos.-Techn. 321 A black
diamond cut and set inaring. 1849 T. MILER in Gabarni
in London 43 (Farmer) Were he even trusted with the
favourite horse and gig to fetch a sack of black diamonds
from the wharf. 1860 Emerson Cond. Life, Power (1861)
3 Coal.. We may well call it black diamonds, Eve
Pauket is power and civilization. 1867 ¥rn/. Soc. Arts XV.
349 The boring machine..is composed of a steel ring set
with black diamonds.
. 1624 Frercuer Wife for Month w. ii, She is very
honest, And will be hard to cut as a rough diamond. 1685
Boyte Effects of Mot. Suppl. 148 Having at the Diamond-
Mine purchased ..a rough Diamond. 1700 Drypen Pref.
Fables (Globe) 503 Chaucer, I confess, is a rough diamond.
1875 Ure Dict. Arts 11. 24 The value of a cut diamond
is esteemed equal to that of a similar rough diamond of
double weight. 1890 T. Keywortu in Cassell’s Fam.
Mag. Dec. 49 He was a rough-looking man, and somebody
called him a rough diamond.
¢. 1628 Forp Lover's Mel.1. iii, We're caught in our own
toils. Diamonds cut diamonds, 1642 Futter Holy § Prof.
St. 1v. xi. 293 Then Gods diamonds often cut one another.
a1700 B, E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Diamond cut Diamond,
bite the Biter. 1863 Reape Hard Cash xxv, He felt..sure
his employer would outwit him if he could ; and resolved it
should be diamond cut diamond. x J. Winsor Columbus
xi. 256 In the game of diamond-cut-diamond, it is not always
just to single out a single victim for condemnation,
III. attrib. and Comé.
8. attrib. Made or consisting of diamond, as
dit d lens, di d stone (=sense 1).
1 Even 7reat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 14 marg. The dia-
monde stone. 1617 Minsneu Ductor in Ling., A Diamond
or Picke at Cards, because he is picked and sharpe pointed
as the Diamond stone. 1771 Exiz. Grirritn Lady Burton
IIL. 270 The diamond eyes of the Indian idol. 1827 Gorin
in Q. Frnt. Sc. & Arts XXII, 280 note, Diamond lenses
I conceive to constitute the ultimatum of the perfection of
single microscopes. 1830 Oftics 39 (Libr, Useful Knowl.)
Mr. Pritchard finished the first diamond microscope in 1826,
1831 J. Murray Diamond 39 If the power of the glass lens
be 24, that of the diamond would be 64. 1841 Loner. Elected
Knight v, A lance that was .. sharper than diamond-stone.
+b. Hard or indestructible as diamond, adaman-
tine. (Cf. 1b.) Ods.
1580 Nortu Plutarch (1656) 800 Those strong diamond
chains with which Dionysius the elder made his boast that
* he left his tyranny chained to his son. 1586 T. B. La
Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1, 224 Making men hir slaves, and
chaining them .. with diamond chains, 1633 P. FLetcuEer
Purple /sl. m1, x, With such a diamond knot he often souls
can binde. 1659 B. Harris Parival’s [ron Age 101 To
trye if luck would turn, and whether Fortune would be
alwayes fixed with a Diamant-Nayle. :
+c. ? Brilliant, shining. Ods.
1579 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 81 Delicate pictures
-. of most beautifull and diamond wenches, 1583 StuBBES
315
Anat. Abus. 1. (1879) 63 To heare their dirtie dregs ript vp
and cast in their diamond faces. ©
9. attrib. Set or furnished with a diamond or
diamonds, as diamond button, clasp, ring, signet.
1642 Futter Holy §& Prof. St. u1. xxii. 213 Some hold it
unhappy to be married with a diamond ring. 1717 Lapy
M. W. Montacu Let. to C’tess. of Mar 1 Apr., This smock
..is closed at the neck with a diamond button. 1827 E.
Turret in Gill's Techn. Repos. 1. 195 Diamond turning-
tools. 1837 CartyLe Fr, Rev, ut. vill, Consider that un-
utterable business of the Diamond Necklace .. Astonished
Europe rings with the mystery for ten months. 1880 CLERKE
in Fraser's Mag. 819 ‘The diamond clasp which fastened
the imperial mantle of Charlemagne. 1891 Law Times XC.
283/1 Two diamond rings which he wished to dispose of.
10. attrib. or adj. a. Of the shape of a diamond
(see 5); lozenge-shaped, rhombic; forming a ce-
sign consisting of figures of this shape, as déamond
couching, fret, netting, pattern, work; having a
head or end of this shape, as diamond dibber, nail.
1598 Barret Theor. Warres ui. ii. 77 The nearest .. vnto
the square of men, is the Diamant battell. 1663 Woop Life
(Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 481 A larg diomond hatchment with
Canterbury and Juxon impaled. 1667 Primatr City & C.
Build.160 A Diamond Figure, whose sides are parallel, but
not at right Angles. 1840 Penny Cycl. XVIIL 215 s.v.
Planting, The diamond-dibber, a pointed plate of steel with
ashort iron handle. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge i, Its win-
dows were old diamond-pane lattices. 1858 Archit. Publ.
Soc. Dict., Diamond fret, a species of checker work in
which .. a diamond .. is interlaced by the prolongations of
the diameters of the square. 1874 Knicut Dict. Alech.,
Diamond-nail, a nail having a rhombal head. /déd., Déa-
mond-work (Masonry), reticulated work formed by courses
of lozenge-shaped stones, very common in ancient masonry.
1882 CauLFreitp & Sawarp Dict. Needlework 152 Diamond
couching [is] one of the Flat Couchings used in Church
Work. /éid. 359 Fancy Diamond Netting is worked in
three different ways.
b. Having a surface hewn or cut into facets,
formed by low square-based pyramids placed close
together.
1717 BerkELey Jrnd. Tour Italy 27 Jan. Wks. 1871 IV.
s51 Church of the Carmelites. .in the front a little diamond
work, 1870 A. BeazELey Sfecif, Flamboro’ Lightho., The
Gallery-course is to be .. cast with a neat diamond pattern
as shewn, to give a safe foot-hold.
11. General combs. a. attributive. Of or relat-
ing to diamonds, as diamond-bort (see Bort),
-broker, -carat, -factory, -merchant, -trade; con-
taining or producing diamonds, as déamond-bed,
-conglomerate, -depostt, -gravel, -mine. bd. objec-
tive and obj. genitive, as damond-bearing adj.,
-digging, -polisher, -producing adj., -seeker, -setter,
-splitter. ¢. instrumental, as dtamond-paved,
-pointed, -tipped adjs. . similative, as damond-
bright, -distinct adjs.; also diamond-like adj. e.
parasynthetic, as diamond-headed, -paned, -shaped,
-tiled adjs.
@1618 SytvesteR Woodman’s Bear |xxiii, Diamond-headed
darts, 1628 in Archzologia (1883) XLVII. 392 Dyamond
boart and divers other materialls for the Cutting and finish-
ing of our Armes in a Dyamond. 1632 Litxcow 77av.
m1. 85 The goodliest plot, the Diamond sparke, and the
Honny spot of all Candy. 1685 Diamond-mine [see 7 b].
1704 Phil. Trans. XXV. 1548 Such a Diamond-like Sand.
1820 Keats Hyferion 1. 220 Diamond-paved lustrous long
arcades. 1835 WiLLIs Pencildings I. xiv. 108 The diamond-
shaped stones of the roof. 1842 TENNyson Vision of Sin
ii, Till the fountain spouted, showering wide Sleet of dia-
mond-drift and pearly hail. 1863 I. Wittiams Baféistery 1.
vii. (1874) 79 Writ. .With adiamond-pointed pen, On a plate
of adamant. 1871 M. Cotuins J/7rg. & Merch. Il. x. 300
Casements diamond-paned. 1876 J. B. Currey in rx.
Soc. Arts XXIV. 375 The diamond-bearing soil. /6¢d.
377 Keen-faced diamond brokers. 1880 CLERKE in /yaser's
Mag. 818 It is said there were diamond-polishers at Nurem-
berg in 1373. /ééd. 821 ‘The conditions of diamond-digging.
1883 Archexologia XLVII. 396 ‘Tavernier, a diamond mer-
chant and jeweller, who visited Persia in .. 1664.
2. Special combs. : diamond-bird, an Austra-
lian shrike of the genus Pardalotus, esp. P. punc-
tatus, so called from the spots on its plumage ;
diamond-borer, d. boring machine = déamond-
drill (b); diamond boron, an impure form of boron
obtained in octahedral crystals nearly as hard and
brilliant as the diamond; diamond-breaker =
diamond-mortar ; diamond-broaching, broached
hewn-work done with a diamond-hammer; dia-
mond cement, cement used in setting diamonds ;
diamond-crossing, a crossing on a railway where
two lines of rails intersect obliquely without com-
municating (see DIAMOND-POINT 2); diamond-
drill, (a) a drill armed with one or more diamonds
used for boring hard substances ; (4) a drill for bor-
ing rocks, having a head set with rough diamonds,
a diamond-borer; diamond-dust = diamond-
powder; diamond-ficoides, the ice-plant, MWesem-
bryanthemum crystallinum; diamond-field [cf.
coal-field), a tract of country yielding diamonds
from its surface strata; diamond file, fish (see
quots.); diamond-hammer, a mason’s hammer
having one face furnished with pyramidal pick
points for fine-dressing a surface on stone; dia-
mond hitch, a method of fastening ropes in packing
heavy loads; diamond-knot (/Vaut.), a kind of
DIAMOND.
ornamental knot worked with the strands of a rope ;
diamond-mill (see quot.); diamond-mortar, a
steel mortar used for crushing diamonds for the
purposes of the lapidary ; diamond-plaice, a local
name (in Sussex) for the common plaice (/Veyro-
nectes platessa), from its lozenge-shaped spots ;
diamond-plough, (a) a diamond-pointed instru-
ment for engraving upon glass; (6) a small plough
having a mould-board and share of a diamond or
thomboidal shape (Knight); diamond-powder,
the powder produced by grinding or crushing dia-
monds; diamond rattlesnake, a rattlesnake (C70-
talus adamanteus) haying diamond-shaped mark-
ings; diamond-spot, collector’s name for a moth
(Botys tetragonalis); diamond-tool, a metal-
turning tool whose cutting edge is formed by facets ;
diamond wedding [after s¢/ver w., golden w.],
a fanciful name for the celebration of the 60th (or
according to some, the 75th) anniversary of the
wedding- day; diamond - weevil = Di monp-
BEETLE; diamond-wheel, a metal wheel used with
diamond-powder and oil in grinding diamonds or
other hard gems. See also DIAMOND-BACK, etc.
1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII. 179/25. v. Piprine, Pardalotus
punctatus .. Mr. Caley states that this species is called
*Diamond Bird by the settlers, from the spots on its body.
1865 GouLp Afandbk. Birds Austral. 1.157 No species..
is more widely and generally distributed than the spotted
Diamond-bird. 1875 Ure Dict. Arts 1. 445 In soft strata
it is somewhat difficult to obtain a core by the *diamond
borer, 1867 Frn2. Soc. Arts XV. 349 *Diamond boring
machine. 1875 Ure Dic drts\.442 The Diamond Boring
Machine..Vhe boring bit is a steel thimble, about 4 inches
in length, having two rows of Brazilian black diamonds ..
in their natural rough state firmly imbedded therein. 1863-
gz Watts Dict. Chem. 1, 628 Adamantine or *Diamond
Boron .. extremely hard, always sufficiently so to scratch
corundum with facility, and some crystals are nearly as hard
as diamond itself. 1880 J. C. Bruce in Archeologia XLVI.
165, I have most frequently found the *diamond-broaching
in camps which have been repaired by Severus. 1884 G. W.
Cox Cyct. Com. Things 117 A *Diamond cement. .used by
Armenian jewellers in setting diamonds, is composed of
gum mastic and isinglass dissolved in spirits of wine.
1881 E. Maturson Aid Bh. Engincer. Enterp. 252 Where
a siding crosses a main road without connecting it, what is
known as a *diamond crossing is used. 1891 Jlorning Post
20 Keb. 3/4 Major Marindin strongly recommends .. that
there should be no diamond crossing worse than one to
eight. 1827 E. Turret in Gidl’s Zechn. Repos. 1. 129
Pierced by very fine *diamond drills. 1881 E. MatHrson
Aid Bk. Engineer. Enterprise 391 Diamond drills .. will
pierce the hardest known rocks. 1844-57 G. Biro Uvin.
Deposits (ed. 5)221 A white powder. .of a glistening appear-
ance, like *diamond-dust. 1767 ‘ Mawr’ [J. ABERCROMBIE]
Ev. Man own Gardener Feb. 50 “Diamond ficoides, or
ice plant. 1811 Mrs. M. Starke Beauties of C. M. Maggt
48 The Ice-plant, properly called, the Diamond-Ficoides,
1876 J. B. Currey in ¥rud. Soc. Arts XXIV. 379 The dis-
covery of the *diamond-fields. 1884 F. J. Britten Watch
& Clockm. 88 A *Diamond file is formed of a strip of copper
with diamond powder hammered into it. 1854 Apams,
Barkie & Barron Nat. Hist. g3 Family..*Diamond Fishes
(also called Bony-Pikes) Lefzsosteidv. 1858 Archit. Publ.
Soc. Dict., *Diamond hammer, a tool used by masons in
the Isle of Man and in parts of Scotland for ‘fine pick
dressing’ limestone and granite. 1883 Sfecif, N. East.
Railw., Alnwick & Cornhill Br. Contr. No. 2. 5 The face
is to be either tooled, or broached with a diamond hammer.
1769 Fatconer Dict. Marine (1789) s.v. Axot, There are
several sorts, which differ in .. form and size: the principal
of these are the *diamond-knot, the rose-knot, the wall-
knot. 1867 Smytu Sazlor’s Word-bk., Diamonad-knot, an
ornamental knot worked with the strands of a rope, some-
times used for bucket-strops, on the foot-ropes of jib-booms,
man-ropes, etc. 1884 F. J. Britren Watch & Clockm. 87
{In a] *Diamond Mill.. for cutting and polishing ruby
pallets and other hard stones, discs charged with diamond
powder and rotated at a high speed are used. 1853 Soyer
Pantroph. 237 “The flounder, the brill, the *diamond and
Dutch plaice. 1827 J. Lukens in Gill's Techn. Repos. 1.76
On an improved *Diamond Plough .. for cutting Circular
Lines upon Glass. — E. Turrect 7é/d. 195 On Diamond
ploughs for Engravers. 1753 CHAMBERS Cycd. Supp. s. v.,
Diamond Powder is of great use for grinding hard sub-
stances. 1802 T, Tuomson Chem. 1. 47 Diamond powder
can only be obtained by grinding one diamond against
another. 1883 Times 26 Mar. 7/6 Of all the snake varieties
.. the *diamond rattlesnake .. seems to be the most deadly.
1819 G. SAMOVELLE Entomol. Compend. 436 The *diamond
spot. 1872 Punch 23 Nov. 210/2 *Diamond Wedding.
1892 Haypn Dict. Dates 1058 Diamond weddings after
a union of 60 years, some apply it to 75 years.
Diamond, v. [f. prec. sb]
1. “vans. To furnish or bedeck with diamonds.
1751 H. Wacpote Lett. H. Mann (1891) II. 241 He plays,
dresses, diamonds himself, even to distinct shoe-buckles for
a frock. :
2. fig. To adorn as with diamonds, (Cf. zmfear/.)
1839 Battery Festus xvi. (1852) 211 Wreathed round with
flowers and diamonded with dew. 1845 James A. Ne7/ III.
xvi, The tears rolled over the long lashes, and diamonded
her cheek. 1878 Lowe i Le?#. (1894) II. 216 Just as we
got there, it cleared, and all the thickets .. were rainbowed
and diamonded by the sun.
b. To make glittering like a diamond.
1839 BaiLey Festus xiii. (1852) 157 The first ray Perched
on his [a bard’s] pen, and diamonded its way.
3. nonce-use. To call or name (diamonds).
1859 Tennyson /dyl/s, Elaine 503 ‘Advance and take
prize The diamond’; but he answer'd, ‘diamond me
No diamonds ! for God’s love, a little air’, i
“—2
DIAMOND-BACK.
Hence Di‘amonding 7// sh., adornment with or
as with diamonds ; brilliant ornamentation.
¢ 1818 Keats Notes on Milton in Ld. Houghton Life
(1848) I. 277 The light and shade, the sort of black bright-
ness, the ebon diamonding .. of the following lines. _@ 1821
= @astle Builder, Their glassy diamonding on Turkish
oor.
Di‘amond-back, a. and sé. [Short for next.]
A. adj. =Diamond-backed, having the back
marked with one or more lozenge-shaped figures.
B. sb. a. The Diamond-back Moth (see quots.).
b. The Diamond-backed Turtle.
1819 G. Samovet_e Entomol. Compr =
Diamond-back, Yortrix trapesana. 1891 Miss E. A.
OrmeErop in Frnl. R, Agric. Soc. 30 Sept. 599 The pale
patterns along these edges form diamond-shaped marks,
whence the English name ‘ diamond-back moth’. Aid. 611
d. 436 The test:
These showed unmistakable signs of diamond-back cater- |
illar ravage. 1895 Lifpincott’s Mag. Jan., The diamond-
tack [turtle] is undeniably and unspeakably ugly.
Di‘amond-backed, «. [f. Diamonp sh. +
BACKED 1.] Having the back marked with lozenge-
shaped figures.
Diamond-backed turtle or terrapin, the fresh-water tor-
toise of the Atlantic coast of N. America, AM/alaclemmys.
palustris.
1895 Daily News 14 Jan. 5/3 Diamond-backed terrapin
are the newest pets of fashionable folk in the States. They
..are chiefly adopted by artists at present, but are to be
found in some boudoirs as well as studios.
Diamond-beetle. A South American beetle
Curculio Entimus) imperialis, of which the elytra
are studded with brilliant sparkling points; also
applied to other species of Curculio, and (with
qualifications) to other beetles with splendid mark-
ings.
1806 G. SHaw Gen. Zool, V1.1. 65 The most brilliant and
beautiful is the Curculio imperialis .. commonly known by
the name of the Diamond Beetle. 1839 J. O. Westwood
Mod. Classif. Insects 1. 340 The various species of diamond
beetles surpassing (in their colours) the majority of Coleop-
terous insects. 1860 W. S. Datias Anim. Kingd. 219 Few
insects can boast of greater magnificence than the well-
known Diamond-beetle of Brazil. 1860 G. Bennett Nat.
in Austral, 273 The Diamond beetle of Australia of green
and gold tints (Chrysolopus spectabilis),
Diamond-cut, 2. and sé.
A. adj. 1. Cut into the shape of a diamond or
thomb.
1637 Bursar's Bk. Gonville & Caius Coll. in Willis &
Clark Cambridge (1886) 1. 194 Paveing the chappell with
stones diamond cut. ¢ ryz0 ©. Fiennes Diary (1888) 238
Y* windows. .are all diamond Cut round the Edges.
2. Cut with facets like a diamond; cut in relief
in the form of a low square-based pyramid, pointed
or truncated.
Diamond-cut glass, thick glass cut into grooves or channels
316
W. Tuomson Voy. Challenger Il. vi. 116 Sufficient dia
mondiferous oui is already known to provide many
!
years’ employment a large population. 1885 Zimes |
20 Apr. f Siied... wich a tian dimuandiiones San. j
v, [f. Dramonp sh, + -12E.]
1. trans. To berdeck with, or as with, praca
. 1599 B. Jonson Ex. Manout of Hum. m. iv, izing,
Fa or rather diamondizing of your subject, 3
Ouwa Held in Bondage (1870) 52 Diamondized old ladies.
2. To convert into diamond.
1893 E. L. Rexrorp in Barrows Pari. Relig. I. 516 The
diamondizing of soot.
i nd-point. [f Diamonpsé, + Pornt sd.]
1. A stylus tipped with a fragment of diamond,
used in engraving, etc.
x
| —o the diamond-point into engraver’s ruling-machines.
1881 Every Man his own Mechanic § 569 The diamond
point .. is used for roughing very small and delicate work
that will not bear the gouge. ;
2. Raz/ways. Usually in f/. The set of points at
a diamond crossing, where two lines of rails inter-
| sect obliquely without communicating, forming a
diamond or rhombic figure ; in sing. one of the |
of V-shaped section crossing one another obliquely so as to |
leave pyramid-shaped projections ; a common style of orna-
mentation in cut glass.
1703 Lond. Gaz. No. 3973/4 A Diamond cut Steel-headed
Cane. 1717 Berkerey Frail. Tour Italy Wks. 1871 IV.
541 Well-built streets, all hewn stone, diamond-cut, rustic.
+B. sb. Obs.
1691 tr. Emilianse’s Frauds Romish Monks 27 A magnifi- |
cent Structure, all of hewn Stone of a Diamond-Cut. 1698
Fryer Acc. £. [India & P. 214 If it be very fair and cut
Diamond-Cut,.The second sort of Ruby is
also is of good esteem, if cut of a Diamond-Cut.
Di‘amond-cutter. A lapidary who cuts and
polishes diamonds. So Diamond-cutting sé., the
art of the diamond-cutter.
1722 Lond. Gaz. No. 6100/4 Moses Langley .. Diamond-
Cutter, 1827 Gill's Techn. Repos. 1. 4 The diamond-cutter
seats himself in front of his work-board. 1872 Yeats
Growth Comm. 213 The art of diamond-cutting introduced
by Jews driven from Lisbon to Amsterdam.
Di‘amonded, a. [f. Diamonn sé. or v. +-ED.]
1. Adorned with or wearing diamonds.
1860 Emerson Cond. Life, Behaviour (1861) 111 As when,
in Paris, the chief of the police enters a ballroom, so many
diamonded pretenders shrink, and make themselves as in-
conspicuous as they can, 1885 A. J. C. Hare Russia iii.
143 Diamonded saddle-cloths and trappin:
- fig. Adomed as with diamonds.
‘9 Tennyson Poems 144 The diamonded night. 1831
I. Witson Unimore 1. 26 Dew-diamonded daisies.
p. Lyrron Lucile 1. iv. §6 The scarp’d ravaged mountains
- Were alive with the diamonded sh 1 der,
2. Marked or furnished with Jozenge-shaped
figures or parts; having the figure of a diamond.
1642 Futter Holy & Prof. St. v. vi. 382 Break a stone ..
or lop a bough .. and one shall behold the grain thereof ..
diamonded or streaked in the fashion of a lozenge. 1820
Keats Eve St. Agnes xxiv, A casement high and triple-
arch’d.. And diamonded with panes of quaint device. 1880
Dorothy 25 Came through the diamonded panes. re
+3. fig. ? Endowed with the characteristics of
the diamond ; brilliant and keen. Ods.
1641 J. Jackson True Evang. 7. 11. 138 These pointed
and diamonded speeches, which doe indeed leave a sting ..
in the mind of the pious Auditor, ;
Diamondi‘ferous, ¢. [f. Diamonn + -(1)rer-
ous, in imitation of diamantiferous, F. diaman-
tifere, from med, L. diamant-em.] Diamond-
Me gg: od
1870 Echo 14 Oct., Those who have rushed to the dia-
mondiferous region [of S, Africa]. 1870 Daily News 21 Dec.,
A new diamondiferous track had been discovered. 1877
hite..which .
acute angles formed by two rails at such a crossing.
1881 Daily News 15 Sept. 3/2 It [a train] had to pass
over a diamond point. 1890 Morning Post 24 Oct. 6/7
A North British mineral train, while crossing a set of
diamond points, ran off the line. 1894 Westm. Gaz. 24 July
5/2 On reaching the diamond point the guard’s van next the
engine jum; the metals. . ; ;
8. attrib.,as diamond-point chisel, a chisel having
the corners ground off obliquely.
1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. s.v. Chisel.
i ond-snake. A name given to various
snakes or serpents having diamond-shaped mark-
ings, esp. @. a large Australian serpent, Morelia
spilotes; Db. a venomous Tasmanian serpent, Hop-
locephalus superbus.
1814 Sporting Mag. XLIV. 93 A snake of the diamond
species was lately killed at St. George’s River.. New South
Wales. 1847 Leicunarpt ¥rv/. iti. 78 Charley killed a
diamond pans larger than any he had ever seen before.
1850 J. B. Cturtersuck Port /’hillip iii. 43 The diamond
snake is that most dreaded by the natives. 1863 Woop
Nat. Hist. 117 It is called the Diamond snake on account
of the pattern of its colours .. arranged so as to produce
a series of diamonds along its back.
Hoptey Snakes 423 he Diamond snake. .on the mainland
is the harmless Python molurus, and in Tasmania the
venomous //oplocephalus superbus, with very broad scales.
Diamond-spar. A/in. [ad. Ger. demant-
spath (Klaproth 1786), so called from its extreme
hardness.] (See quot).
1804 R. Jameson Min. I. 93. 1807 J. Murray Syst.
Chem. II. 593 The Diamond spar, which has been dis-
tinguished from corundum, appears to be a variety of it.
Diamond-wise, av. [sce -wisr.] In the
manner or form of a diamond or lozenge.
1530 PAtscr. 799 Dyamant wyse, lyke or in maner of a
dyamant. 1582 N. Licnerietp tr. Castanheda’s Cong.
E, Ind. \xxvi. 154 b, Of sundrye coulours, the which was
wrought Diamond wise. » R. Hotme Armoury i.
1001 Diamond wise .. is.. anything set or hung having
one corner of the square set upwards, the other downwards.
1698 Fryer Acc. E. /udia & P. 158 His Effigies..upon it
Escutcheon, or Diamond-wise.
Diamond-work : sce DiaMonp 10.
+ Dia‘moron. arm. Also 5 diameron. [L.
| diamoron, a. Gr. bid pépav ‘made from black
mulberries.’] A preparation of syrup and mul-
berry juice, used as a gargle for a sore throat.
¢1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 218 Pan make him a gargarisme
wip a decoccioun .. wip be which be distemperid ib dia-
meron. /d/d. 262 Pan pou muste make comemeroat ee is
as diameron & sappa michum. 1647 Warp Simp. cbler
to [It] will be found a farre better Diamoron for the Gar-
garismes this Age wants.
||Diamorphosis (doiimpsfdsis, -mpifdusis),
Biol. {mod, L., a. Gr. deapdppwors, n. of action f. da-
Hoppd-ew to form, shape, f. da- through, thoroughly,
asunder (see Dra- 1) + poppy form.
1. ‘The building up of a body to its proper form’
(Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883).
§| 2. erroneously for DIMORPHISM,
1861 H. C. Woop in Quart. ¥rnl. of Mier. Se. 1. No. 3,
Di rebelde Nec teat
1882 Miss C. C.*
_ L. Diana in F. diane, whence Eng.
DIANODAL,
Wks. (1834) 180, I warn them with the first sound of the
trumpet .. but if, after this Di i
Diana (dei,z'na, dai,e'n8), anglicized 4~ Dian
(dai-an). Also 3-6 Diane, 6 Dyane, Dean. [a.
Diem, Dian,
_ Tetained as a poetic form.]
1. An ancient —_ female a bars
goddess, patroness of virginity an ting ;
Sieoentieie regarded as ical with the Greek
Artemis, and so with Oriental deities, which were
identified with the latter, e.g. the Artemis or Diana
| of the Ephesians.
Knicut Dict. Mech. 1. 698/1 Wilson Lowry intro- |
¢ 1205 Lay. 1145 A wifmonnes liche, Diana [ec maps Dens)
wes ihaten. 1382 Wyciir Acts xix. 24 ey A uerene
housis to Dian. a Alexander 2299 To Dyanaas
temple, 1508 Dunbar lyn Targe 76 the goddesse
chaste of woddis grene. 1590 Suaxs. Mids. N.1. i, 89 Or on
Dianaes Altar to protest For aie, austerity, and single life.
Lbid. w. i. 78 Dians bud or [=o’er] Cupids flower, Hath
such force and blessed power. 1791 Cowrer Odyss. 1v. 153
Dian, goddess of the golden bow. }
b. poet. The moon personified as a goddess.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vi. xvii. (1495) 328 The
mone is callyd Dyana, goddes of wodes and of groues. 1660
hide Har borrew’d gary neces Saeko ent ie
ide Her ow'd glory in some neig! cloud.
Byron Ch. Har. iv. me, Meek Dian’s crest Floats through
the azure air. - 4
+c. Alluding to Acts xix. 24: Source of gain.
1640 SomNeR Antig. Canterb. 237 So loth were they to
forgo their Diana. 168: J. HouGuton Coll. Husb. & Trade
28 April, No. 353 They..are prohibiting our wollen manu-
factures which is our Diana. | ;
d. attrib. or adj. Virgin, unsullied.
1870 J. Oxton Andes § Amazons ix. (1876) 144 Snow of
Dian purity. i
2.. In early Chemistry a name for silver.
(By the astro-alchemists also called Zuma, from the ‘silver’
light of the moon: cf. the other planetary names of the
metals Sol, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Fupiter, and Saturn,
i.e. gold, quicksilver, copper, iron, tin, and lead. “s
Hence Tree of Diana, Arbor Dianx: the dendritic
amalgam precipitated by y from a solution of ni
of silver.
1706 Puittirs (ed. Kersey), Diana’s Tree .. whereby a
Mixture of Silver, Quick-silver and Spirit of Nitre may be
Crystallized in shape of a Tree, with little Balls at the end
of its Branches representing Fruit. 1798 G. Grecory (Zcon.
Nature (1804) I1. 247 note, Diana’s tree, from the whim of
the alchemists .. who appropriated silver to the Moon, or
Diana. 1849 J. R. Jackson Minerads 287A ty metallic
vegetation in glass jars :..called the Tree of Di:
3. Diana monkey, Cercopithecus Diana, a large
African monkey, so named from a crescent-shaped
white marking on its forehead.
1812 Smet & Woop Buffon's Nat. Hist. X. 190 This
monkey..is the same animal that Linnzus has Diana.
1860 Woop ///ustr. Nat. Hist. 1. 49 The most conspicuous
feature in the Diana Monkey is the long and sharply pointed
{Dianatic, misprint in Phillips (ed. Kersey) 1706
for DIANoETIC, List of Spurious Words.]
+Diander. Bot. Obs. [ad. F. diandre, ad.
mod.L. diandrus, f. as next.) A plant bearing
flowers with two stamens.
1828 in WessTeR.
|| Diandria (doi;endria). Bot. [mod.L. (Lin-
neus, 1735), f. Gr. type *3iavdpos, mod.L. diandrus
&- twice, + dvdp-, stem of dvfp, man, male: see
MonanpriA, Potyanpria.] The second class in
_ the sexual system of Linnzeus, comprising all plants
| Diandria.
Diandrous (
_ [f mod.L. diandrus (see
having two stamens.
3783 npr Cyel. Ste oe. ot tinge of
p! are jessamine, phil rosemary,
Hence Dia‘ndrian a., of or pertaining tothe class
1828 in Wenster.
dai,zendras), a. Also 8 -ious.
and Monanprovs).]
1. Bot. Belonging to class Diandria; two-
stamencd.
dynamious plant, take my word}
would i i
L us .. flor, , » d,
diandrous. 1830 Linpiey Nat. Syst. Bot. 229 Irregular
157 (title) On the Lyngbya,
Diaanyi. [Di-2,] A. sb. Th
mt, 1-2, sd, The organic
radical AMyLin eWay gins H,,-C,Hy.
B. attrib. and’ Comd. Containing two equivalents
of amyl as diamylaniline.
1850 Dauweny Afom. 7h. viii. (ed. 2) 241 Diamylaniline,
where 2 atoms [of hydrogen] are replaced by amyle and 1 b
aniline. 1869 Roscor Elem. Chem, 333 Diamyl. "ig obtained
by acting on amyl iodide with sodium.
Dia‘mylene. Chem. See Di- 2 and AMYLENE.
+ Dian. Os. Also 6 diana. [a. F. diane
(16th c. in Littré), Sp. diana, a beating of the
drum at day-break, It. diana ‘a kind of march
sounded by trumpetters in a morning to their
generall and captaine’ (Florio 1598), f. dia day.
Cf. L? guoti-didnus, etc.] A trumpet call or drum-
rollatearly morn. Also attrid., as dian-sounding.
159 Garraro Art Warre 29 Even until the Diana
sounded through all the Campe. 1652
| a polyandrous, or rather
or didynamous stamens.
2. aan Having two male mates. oe
inA 6
1885 ROTTER in ee June 395/3 e why
ad. Gr, dave-
ibute.] =
Causa Dei 72 In Distributive (or as
+ Dianeme'tic, ¢. Obs. rare.
pntikés distributive, f. davépew to
DIsTRIBUTIVE.
R
| Aristotle calls it, Dianemetic) Justice,
Urqunart Jewel
Dianite (dai-inait). Aix. Name given by Von
Kobel in 1860 to. a variety of Co.umpirE, supposed
to contain a new metal called by him Dianium.
1862-4 mer. Frail. Sc, Ser. u. XXXI. 360.
Diranize, v. nonce-wd. [f. DIANA + -1ZE.] intr.
To ‘moon’ (with an allusion to the myth of Endy-
mion),
1834
M A in Wales Il. 49 If Endymion
sade alee Oe oo8
had been , L should not have
Dianodal (daianou-dal), a. Math. [f. Dia-1
+ Nop + -au.] Passing through nodes. Dianodal
.
|
.
|
|
)
DIANOETIC.
curve or surface: one passing through the nodes of
a given curve or surface.
1870 Caytey in Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. U1. 199 The ninth
node of the Sextic may be any point whatever on the dia-
nodal curve.
Dianoetic (doiangetik), a. and sd. Aetaph.
[ad. Gr. d:avontixds of or pertaining to thinking, f.
dcavonrés, vbl. adj. from d:avo€-eaOa: to think, subst.
the process of thought, f. &a- through, thoroughly
+voé-ay to think, suppose.]
A. adj. Of or pertaining to thought; employing
thought and reasoning ; intellectual. ;
677 Gate Crt. Gentiles 11. ut. 92 Dianoetic Philosophie,
which is the assent to conclusions by discourse from first
principes. 1732 BerKxecey Alciphr. vu. § 34 A Dianoetic
lemy, or seminary for free-thinkers. 1829 Sir W. Hamit-
ton Discuss. (1852) 4 The dianoetic or discursive faculty ..
the faculty of relations or comparison. 1885 J. Martineau
Types Eth. Th. 1. u. iii. § 1.518 The theories of the dia-
noetic moralists.
B. sb. Metaph. (See quot.)
18: Sir W. Hamitton Afetaph. (1877) I. xxxviii. 350,
I would employ the word etic. .to express all those cogni-
tions that originate in the mind itself, déanoetic to denote
the aad of the Discursive, Elaborative, or Comparative
‘aculty,
+ Dianoe'tical, a. Ods.
=prec. adj.
1570 Der Math. gry 2 The Mercurial fruite of Dianoeti-
call discourse. 1588 Fraunce Lawiers Log. u. ix. 97 The
disposition dianoeticall is when one axiome by reason is
inferred ofanother. 1682 H. More Annot. Glanvill's Lux O.
25, As if the one were Noematical, the other Dianoetical.
y, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly%.] In
[f as prec. + -AL.]
ianoe‘ticall
a dianoetic manner; by or with the reasoning
faculty ; intellectually.
1822 T. Taytor Apuleius 365 The Demiurgus .. is said to
energize dianoétically, and to reason.
Dianoialogy (dai:inoije'lédzi). Alecaph. [f.
Gr, d:dvora intelligence, understanding, thinking +
-Lo@y. The analogically regular form would be
dianeology.] Term proposed by Sir W. Hamilton
for: That portion of logic which deals with dia-
noetic or demonstrative propositions. So also
Di:anoialo‘gical a,
1846 Sir W. Hamitton Dissert. in Reid’s Wks. 770.
Dianome (deiinowm). Aath. [f. Gr. davcyy
distribution ; so called as having nodes of determi-
nate distribution.] A surface, generally a quartic
surface, having all its nodes, if in excess of the
number which can be arbitrarily assumed, situated
on a surface, called dianodal, which is determined
by the arbitrary points.
1874 Satmon Analyt. Geom. of three Dimens. (ed. 3) 507.
{| Dianthus (deijenpis). Bot. [f. Gr. Acds of
Jupiter + dvos flower (Linnzus).] A genus of
caryophyllaceous flowering plants, which includes
the pinks and carnations; a flower of this kind.
Hence Dia-nthine, name of an aniline dye.
1849 Florist 289 The three florists’ species of Dianthus, the
Carnation, Picotee,and Pink. 1869 Ruskin Q. of Air § 84
Later in the year, the dianthus .. seems to scatter, in multi-
tudinous families, its crimson stars far and wide. 1850
Sunday Times 5 Aug.7/1 Another new colour. .called Dian-
thine .. extracted from gas tar. ie shades range from a
deep purple to a brilliant rose. e
+ Diantre, -ter, zvé, Obs. [a.~F. diantre
(16th c. in Littré), euphemism for diad/e.] Devil!
1751 Female Foundling 1, 151 Dianter! what Strength
a have, when you please! /é¢d. I. 181 Diantre, you have
en prudent.
| Diapa‘lma. Pharm. [med. or mod.L. f.
Dia-*+L. palma palm: in F.diapalme.] A desic-
cating or detersive plaster composed originally
of palm oil, litharge, and sulphate of zinc, now of
white wax, emplastrum simplex, and sulphate of
zine.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. ww. iv. 186 We as highly
conceive of the practice in Diapalma, that is in the making
of that plaister, to stirre it with the stick ofa Palme. 1660
Boye Naw Exp. Phys. Mech. xxii. 176 We stopt the mouth
of the Glass with a flat piece of Diapalma, provided for the
purpose. 1741 Compl. Fam. Piece 1. i. ‘ake of Diapalma
melted down very thin, with Oil of Chamomile 1 Ounce.
1883 in Syd. Soc.Lex. =
Di-apase. Anglicized form of DIApason,
used by the poets. . ;
1 Spenser Tears of Muses 549 Melodious measures,
With which I .. make a tunefull Diapase of pl es. 1
H. More Song of Soul 1, u. xv, From this same universall
Diapase Each harmony is fram’d, Bentowes 7heoph.
vi. Ixv, On the trembling cords his swift hand strayes, And
clos’d all with full Diapaze. Mrs. Wuitney Od or
Even ? xxiv. 255 The ceaseless soft crush of the waterfall
kept up its gentle diapase.
iapasm (doi-ipez'm). Obs. or arch. [ad. L.
diapasma, a: Gr. dnacpa, f. diandoo-av to sprinkle
over. In mod. F. déapasme.] A scented powder
for sprinkling over the person.
- 1899 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. v. ii, There’s an excellent
diapasm in a chain, too, if you like. 1657 G. Srarxey He/-
mont's Vind. 121 Chymistry is er then to be totally
comprehended by the Art of Medicine, for by it are pre-
mes. [1706 Puituirs (ed. Kersey), Diapasma,
a Pomander or Perfume.]
1863 Sata Ca; t. Di us
I. i. 21 She had an exquisitely neat and seek band for..
317
confecting of diapasms, pomanders, and other sweet
essences.
Diapason (deidpé'zan), sd. Also 4-5 dyapa-
son)e, 6 dio-, dyopason, 7 diapazon. [a. L.
diapason, a. Gr. d:andoav, or divisim ba nacdv
(se. xopdav), more fully 4 &d macdv xopdav oup-
govia, the concord through, or at the interval of, all
the notes of the scale, f. da through + macav,
genit. pl. fem. of mas all. Cf. 4 5a reoodpoy the
interval of a fourth, 4 8a wévre of a fifth, etc. Cf.
also F. diafason (12th c, in Hatz.-Darm.), whence,
in 16-17th c., accented by poets dapason, but
already before 1600 with stress on penult.]
+1. The interval of an octave; the consonance of
the highest and lowest notes of the musical scale.
Spoken of by early musicians as ‘a Consonance of eight
sounds and seuen Interuals’ (Dowland) in reference to the
intermediate notes of the diatonic scale: cf. sense 3.
1398 ‘TRevisa Barth. De P. R. xix. exxvi. (1495) 926
Musyk hath names of nombres as it faryth in Dyatesseron
_ Dyapente and in Dyapasone and in other Consonanciis and
accordes, 1413 [see DiareNTE 1]. 1809 Hawes Past, Pleas.
xvi. ii, The lady excellent, Played on base organs expedient,
Accordyng well unto dyopason, Dyapenthe, and eke dyetes-
seron. 1626 Bacon Sy/va § 183 It discovereth the true Co-
incidence of ‘Tones into Diapasons, which is the return of the
same Sound. 1787 Hawkins Yohzsox 376 note, Answering
to the unison, the diapente, the diatessaron, and the dia-
pason, the sweetest concords in musick.
+b. In ancient music, in names of compound
intervals, as diapason-diapente, an octave and a
fifth, a twelfth: so déapason-diatessaron, diapason-
ditone, etc. ; cf. Chambers Cycl. (1727-51) s.v.
(1694 Hotper 7 eat. Harmony v. (1731) 84 These are the
mean Rations comprehended in the Ration of 6 to 2, by
which Diapason cum Diapente, or a 1z2th, is divided into
the aforesaid Intervals.] 1727-51 Cuambers Cyr. s.v., ‘The
diapason-diapente is a symphony made when the voice pro-
ceeds from the 1st to the 12th tone.
a term in the Greek music: we should now call it a twed/th.
[1880 Strainer & Barrett Dict. A/us. Terms, Diapason cunt
diapente, the interval of a 12th, Diapason cum dtatessaron,
the interval of an 11th.]
+e. A part in music that produces such a conson-
ance; an air or bass sounding in exact concord,
i.e. in octaves. Chiefly fig. Ods.
1593 SHaks. Lucr. 1132 So | at each sad strain will strain
a tear, And with deep groans the diapason bear. 1740
Dyer Ruins Rome 355 While winds and tempests sweep
his various lyre How sweet thy diapason. 1814 Scort Ld.
of Isles 1. i, The diapason of the Deep. 1844 Loner.
Arsenal at Springfield vii, I hear..in tones of thunder the
diapason of the cannonade.
+ 2. fig. Complete concord, harmony, or agrec-
ment. Oés.
1sgt Greene Maidens Dreame xxiii, Her sorrows and
her tears did well accord; Their diapason was in self-same
cord. 162r Burton Anat. Mel, m. i. u. iii, A true corre-
spondence, perfect amity, a diapason of vows and wishes. .
as between David and Jonathan. ?1630 Mitton Ata
Solemn Music 23 Their great Lord, whose love their motion
swayed In perfect diapason. 1647 H. More Song of Soul
1:1. lvi, Inher there’stun’d a just Diapason. 1719 D’UrFey
Pills (1872) I. 343 Contentment .. tunes the Diapason of
our souls.
3. More or less vaguely extended, with the idea
of ‘all the tones or notes’, to: a. The combination
of parts or notes in a harmonious whole, properly
in concord. b. A melodious succession of notes,
a melody, a strain; now esf. a swelling sound, as of
a grand burst of harmony: perhaps in this sense
also associated with the organ-stop (sense 7). ¢.
The whole range of tones or notes in the scale; the
compass of a voice or instrument.
a@. 1g0r Douctas Pal. Hon.1. xli, Fresche ladyis sang
.. Concordis sweit, divers entoned reportis .. Diapason of
many sindrie sortis. 1580 Lyty Euphues (Arb.) 387 In
Musicke there are many discords, before there can be
framed a Diapason. 160r Hottanp Pliny I. 14 ‘Thus are
composed seuen tunes; which harmonie they call Diapason,
that is to say, the Generalitie, or whole state of consent and
concord, which is perfect musicke. 1604 R. Cawprey 7ad/e
Alph., Diapason, a Concord in Musicke of all parts.
H. M. Srantey Dark Cont. 11. vii. 197 A deep and melo-
dious diapason of musical voices dating the farewell
song.
b. 1599 Marston Sco. Villanie m1. xi. 228 When some
pleasing Diapason flies From out the belly of a sweete
touched Lute. 1646 CrasHaw Afusic’s Duel Poems 92
A full-mouth’d dia) mn swallows all. 1776 Sir J. Haw-
kins Hist. Music 1V.1. x.148 When all the stops are drawn,
and the registers open .. we hear that full and complete
harmony .. which .. is what the ancient writers mean to
express by the term Diapason. 1804 J. Graname Sabbath
66 The organ .. swells into a diapason full. 1860 C. SAnc-
ster [nto the Silent Land 139 Tune the lyre To diapasons
worthy of the theme. 1880 Ouipa Moths I1. 263 His voice,
is rising in its wonderful giapason clearer and clearer.
ec. 1687 Drypen St. Cecilia's Day 15 From Harmony to
Harmony Through all the compass of the Notes it ran, The
Diapason closing full in Man. 1748 THomson Cast. /ndol.
1. xli, Who up the lofty diapason [of an Aeolian harp] roll
Such sweet, such sad, such solemn airs divine? ¢1800 K.
Wurte Zo my Lyre iii, No hand, thy diapason o'er, Well
skilled, I throw with sweep sublime. 1806 Moore V7s.
Philos. 27 ‘To him who traced upon his typic lyre The
diapason of man’s mingled frame.
4. transf. and fig. a. A rich, full, deep outburst
of sound. ‘
1589 Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 82 The Diapason of thy
threates, 1596 Nasne Saffron Walden 115 By your leaue
1878 -
‘The word is properly, |
DIAPENTE.
they said vnto him (in a thundring yeoman vshers diapason).
1840 Barnam /ugol. Leg. St. Nicholas, Full, many an
Aldermanic nose Rolled its loud diapason after dinner.
b. Entire compass, range, reach, scope.
185 Hecrs Comp. Solit. viii. (1874) 141 In marriage the
whole diapason of joy and sorrow is sounded. 1888 Daily
News 23 Apr. 6/4 Those who run up to the topmost note
of the diapason of dress. 1893 //d. 9 June 5/8 Not..above
the diapason of this Protectionist Chamber of Deputies.
5. A rule orscale employed by makers of musical
instruments in tuning.
1727-51 Cuambers Cycl., Diapason, among musical instru-
ment-makers, is a kind of rule, or scale, whereby they adjust
the pipes of their organs, and cut the holes of their flutes. .
There is a particular kind of diapason for trumpets .. there
is another for sackbuts and serpents .. The _bell-founders
have likewise a diapason, or scale. 1828 in WessteER.
6. A fixed standard of musical pitch; as in Fr,
diapason normal, Also fig.
1875 Hamerton /ntell. Life x. v. 392 Tuning his whole
mind to the given diapason, as a tuner tunes a piano. 1876
tr. Blaserna’s Theory Sound iv. 70 An international commis-
sion fixed as the normal pitch (usually called the diapason
normal) a tuning fork giving 435 vibrations per second.
7. The name of the two principal foundation-
stops in an organ, the Ofen Diapason, and the
Closed or Stopped Diapason, so called because they
-extend through the whole compass of the instru-
ment; also the name of other stops, e.g. } Zolen
Diapason.
1519 Organ Specif. Barking in Grove Dict. Mus, 11. 588/1
Diapason, containing length of x foot or more. 1613 Organ
Specif. Worcester Cathedral, 2 open diapasons of mettall
CC fa ut, a pipe of 10 foot long. 1791 Huppesrorb Sa/mag.
12 When the vast Organ’s breathing frame Echoes the voice
of loud acclaim, And the deep diapason’s sound Thunders
the vaulted iles around. 1876 Hires Catech, Organ ix.
(1878) 67 Violin Diapason, a .. manual stop, with a crisp,
pungent tone, very like that of the Gamba. 1880 E. J.
Horkins in Grove Dict. A/us. 11. 597/1 The second Open
Diapason had .. stopped pipes and ‘helpers’.
8. attrib.
1549 Couipl. Scot. vi. 37 In accordis of mesure of diapason
prolations. 1613-16 W. Browne Brit. Past.1.iv, And lastly,
throwes His Period in a Diapazon Close. 1851 A. A.
Warts Evening ii, The echoes of its convent bell .. With
soft and diapason swell. 1880 E. J. Horxins in Grove Dicé.
Mus. 11. 594/2 The larger open diapason pipes.
+ Diapa‘son, v. 04s. [f. prec. sb.]
1. To resound sonorously. (dtr. and ¢vavs.)
1608 Hreywoov Rafe Lucrece 1. i, What diapasons more
in Tarquins name Than in a subjects? 1611 —- Golden
Age i. Wks. 1874 III. 48 Th’ amazed sounds Of martiall
thunder (Diapason’d deep). :
2. intr. To maintain accord with.
1617 WiTHER /idelia Juvenilia (1633) 479 In their chime,
Their motibns Diapason with the time. :
Diaped (daiaped). Geom. [as if ad. Gr. *dua-
medov, f, da through + we5- in wédov ground, mefiov
plain, éwimedos plane.] The line in which any two
non-contiguous planes of a polyhedron intersect.
In mod. Dicts.
|| Diapedesis (dai:apédisis). Path, [mod.L.,
a. Gr. ikarndnats, f. Ssamnia-ew to ooze through, f.
da- through + 775d-ew to leap, throb. In mod.F.
diapéddse (Paré 16th c.)] The oozing of blood
through the unruptured walls of the blood-vessels.
1625 Hart Anat. Ur.u. iv. 68 Such an excretion of bloud
.is.. called Diafedesis: that is, as much as a streining
through. 1634 I. Jounson Parey's Chirurg. 1x. i. (1678)
216 That solution of Continuity .. which is generated by
sweating out and transcolation, [is termed) Diapedesis.
1866 A. Fuint Princ, Med. (1880) 27 When the red blood
corpuscles are pressed through the unruptured vascular
wall, it is denominated hemorrhage by diapedesis. 1885,
Lancet 26 Sept. 589 It is possible..that the mercury gains
access to the circulation by a sort of diapedesis.
So Diapede'tic a., pertaining to or of the
nature of diapedesis. In mod. Dicts.
+ Diapente (deiapentz). Obs. [=OF. dtapenté
(Godef.), a. L. déapente, Gr. bid mevre, in sense 1
short for # 5a wévre xopi@v ovppwvia the harmony
through five strings or notes; in sense 2 for 70 bia
névre pappaxov the medicament composed of five
(ingredients) ; see D1a- *.]
1. In ancient and medizval A/us?c: The conson-
ance or interval of a fifth. :
1398 [see Diapason 1]. 1413 Pilg. Sowe (Caxton) v. i.
(1859) 72 The fayre dyapente, the swete Dyapason. 1579
‘Twyne Phisicke agst. Fort. u. xcvii. 290 a, By what tunes
of numbers Diapente, or Diapason consisteth ..a deafe man
may vnderstande. 1609 Doutanp Oranith. Microl. 18 Dia-
pente, is a Consonance of fiue Voyces, and 4. Interuals ..
Or it is the leaping of one Voyce to another by a fift, con-
sisting of three ‘Tones, and a semitone. 1694 P/il. Trans,
XVIII. 70 A Diapente added to a Diatessaron makes a
Diapason. 1787 [see Diapason 1]. 1876 Hives Catech.
Organ ix. (1878) 69. an
2. In old Pharmacy: A medicine composed of
five ingredients.
Originally, an electuary formed by adding ivory shavings
to the Diatessaron.
1610 Markuam Aasterf. 1. xcvii. 192 This word Diapente
is as much as to say, a cc iti fiue simpl
position of 1614
— Cheap Hus. 1. i. (1668) 7 Give him. .2 spoonfuls of Dia-
pente .. which is @alled Horse-Mitridate. 1678 Puituirs,
Diapente, also a Composition consisting of five ingredients,
viz. Myrrh, Gentian, Birthwort, Ivory and Bay-berries .. it
is given by Farriers to Horses that want purging. 1721-
1800 in Bainry.
DIAPER.
dients ; punch.
[1698 Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 157 That enervating
Liquor called Paunch (which is Indostan for Five) from
Five Ingredients ; as the Physicians name their Composi-
tion _ te.) 1706 Puitutps ‘ed. Kersey), a co also,
a kind rong Water, made of five several Simples. 1721~
1800 in Manes, 1741 Lininc in Phil. Trans. XLII. 497
‘The Punch, or Diapente .. is made thus: Take Water 2
Pounds, Sugar 14 Ounce, recent Juice of Limes 2} Ounces,
Rum 3h Ounces.
Diaper (deiipar), sd. Forms: 4-6 diapre,
dyapre, 5 dyapere, 6 dyoper, dieper, dyeper,
6-7 dyaper, (7 dipar, dibar), 6- diaper. [ME.
a. OF, dyapre, diapre, orig. diaspre (Godef.), Pr.
diaspre, diaspe, in med.L. diasprus adj., diaspra,
diasprum (¢ 1023), sb. (Du Cange); in Byzantine
Gr, diaompos adj., f. dia- (Dra- 1) + dompos white.
Early French references mention diaspre ‘que fu fais en
Costantinoble and ‘dyaspre d’Antioch’, and associate it
with other fabrics of Byzantine or Lev: antine origin.
the Roman de la Rose |. 21193 (Meon III. 294) has ‘ Cen-
daux, molequins agrabis, Indes, vermaux, jaunes et bis,
Samis, diapres, camelos’. The "word occurs in mediaeval
Greek, ¢ 959, in Constantine Porphyrogenitus De Ceremoniis
Aulz "Bysant. (Bonn 1829-40, p. 528) where the inarcoy or
robe used in the investment of a Rector is described as
diagnpov. On the analogy of &dAevxos, déagmpos may mean
‘white at intervals, white interspersed with other colour’; :
though the sense might also be ‘thoroughly’ or ‘pure
white.’ In OF., diaspre is often described as blanc. (The
It., Sp., and Pg. diaspro ‘ jasper’ appears to be unconnected
with F. and Prov. diaspre ‘diaper’. Du Cange has mixed
up the two, A gratuitous guess that the name was perhaps
derived from Ypres in Flanders has no etymological or his-
torical basis.)]
I. 1. The name of a textile fabric ; now, and since
the 15th c., applied to a linen fabric (or an inferior
fabric of ‘union’ or cotton) woven with a small
and simple pattern, formed by the different direc-
tions of the thread, with the different reflexions of
light from its surface, and consisting of lines
crossing diamond-wise, with the spaces variously
filled up by parallel lines, a central leaf or dot, etc.
In earlier times, esp. in OFr. and med.L., the name was
payee to a richer and more costly fabric, apparently of
silk, woven or flowered over the surface with gold thread.
- See Francisque Michel, Recherches sur les Etoffes de Soie,
d'Or et d'Arge nt (Paris 1852) 1. 236-244
a1350 Syr Degarre 802 In a diapre. clothed 3he was.
13.. Winor Poems fr. Vernon MS. x\vi. 200 Til a Non-
nerie bei came; But I knowe not pe name: Per was mony
a derworbe dame In Dyapre dere. 1466 Mann. & Househ,
Exp. 364 Paid for xj Flemyshe stykes of fyne dyapere ..
xxvij. vj.d. x1§02 ArnoLpe Chron. (1811) 244 A borde cloth
of dyaper, a towell of dyaper. 1513 Bh. Agrvynge in
Bavees Bk. 268 Couer thy cupborde and thyn ewery with
the towell of dyaper. 1513 Brapsnaw St. Werburge 1. 1667
The tables were couered with clothes of Dyaper | Rychely
enlarged with syluer and with golde. 1§§a-3 /nz. Ch.
Goods Staff. in Ann. Litchfield 1V. 50 One vestement of
red sylke, one vestement of lynen dyoper. 1591 SPENSER
Mutopotmos 364 Nor anie weauer, which his worke doth
boast In dieper, in damaske, or in lyne. 1623 Cockeram,
Diaper,a fine kinde of Linnin, not wouen after the common
fashion, but in certaine workes. 1624 Wallin Ripon Ch.
Acts 364 One suite of damaske and another of diaper for
his table. 1662 Ivstry Bks. (Surtees) 198 For Dyaper for a
Communion table cloth and napkin, 12s.6d, 1721 Lond. Gaz.
No 6020/4 Diapers, Damasks, Huckabacks. 1840 BarHam
Ingol, Leg., Fackd. Rheims, A napkin..Of the best white
diaper fringed with pink. 1888 J. Watson Art W caving
(ed. 3) 101 [This] makes by far the best bird- -eye Diaper.
A towel, napkin, or cloth of this material;
a baby s napkin or ‘clout’.
Suaxs, 7am. Shrew 1. i. 57 Let one attend him vvith
a eae Bason Full of Rose-water, and bestrew'd with
Flowers, Another beare the Ewer: the third a Diaper.
1837 Ht. Martineau Soc. Amer. 11. 245 Vable and bed-
linen, diapers, blankets, 1889 J. M. ‘Buncax Lect. Dis.
Women ix. (ed. 4) 54.
a.'3. 7 he geometrical or conventional pattern
or design forming the ground of this fabric.
Edin. Encycl. V1. 686 A design of that intermediate
kind of ornamental work which is called diaper. 1882 Beck
Draper's Dict. 97 Some of the diapers are very curious.
One of them consists of a series of castles; in each are two
men holding hawks; the size of each diaper being about six
inches, and the date the fourteenth century.
4. A pattern or on of the same kind, or more
florid, ; colour, ing, or low relief, used to
decorate a flat surface, as a panel, wall, ete.
1851 se Dom. as 1. vi. 305 There are still some
of g ron the ae _ ~_
G.G. Scorr pone Abbey yor ap 61 The
rated on its face with gold dia) 1866 4 ¢, noch oe Tos,
645/2 The diaper, composed of a raised pattern, decorating
the background. x Pali Mall G. 11. Sept. 5/1 The
!
Thus, |
| gold. x
| Faust (1875) II. 1.
a a ae
318
. XLII,
b. transf. A beverage composed of five ingre- TIT. 5. attrib. a. zeit (see 1).
vu.
(In quot. 1497 for F. di
sag} 0 id Cp ace Bh ee techs
cloth diapre.
Itm a 1538 Bury Wills (1850) 134
A dyeper towell of vii a longe. 1599 Not?ii
IV. 250 Halfe a pride >: aben elt wig one table
— 1604 Vestry BS aera 140 A poulpit clothe
of silke, one owld dipar tablecloth, Lond. Gaz. No. |
1124/4 One Damask and two Diaper ‘able Cloaths, three
dozen of Diaper Napkins. 1812 J. Smytu Pract. Customs
(1821) 130 Diaper Tabling, of the manufacture of the king-
dom of the United Net erlands.
Marchmont 1. ii. 30 Her brown-st'
diaper pinafore.
b. Having a pattern of this kind, diapered ; as
diaper-work, -pattern, -couching,
1480 Wardr. = rage IV (1830) 131 Table clothes off
dyaper werk ij. Carew Cornwall (1811) 303 Two
moor stones - eee ——t hewed, with diaper work.
1769 De Foe’s Tour Gt. Brit of them were
curiously wrought by Diaper-work Carvings. 1838 Archzo/.
potted 421 at the a = r-work was—a small
regular pattern—we may gather from its appearance as
borrowed in Heraldry. 1859 Turner Dom, Puirchit. IIL.
ii. 29 The agg of the arch is carved with a sort of
diaper pattern. Parker Jélustr. Goth. Archit. 1.
v. 175 The soins & of the wall is often covered with flat
foliage, arranged in small squares called diaper-work. 1876
Gwitt Archit, Gloss. 1231 Diaper Work, the face of stone
worked into squares or lozenges, with a leaf therein ; as
over arches aad between bands. 1882 Caucreitp & Sawarp
Dict. Needlework 153 Diaper couching, a variety of couch-
ing used in Church Work. 1886 Ruskin /reterita 1. 335
The diaper pattern of the red and white marbles.
Diaper (dai:apar), v. [prob. a. F. diaprer, OF.
diasprer, {. diapre, diaspre: see prec. sb.]
1. trans. To diversify the surface or ground of
(anything) with a small uniform pattern ; now sfec.
with one consisting of or based upon a diamond-
caved reticulation.
375 Se. Leg. Saints, Eugenia 711 And cled hyr wele ..
In ath, dyopret of gold fyne. -_ Cuaucer Axnt.'s 7.
1300 Couered in clooth of gold dyapered weel. 1400
Rom. Rose 934 And it [the bow] was peynted wel and thwi-
ten, And over-al diapred and writen With ladies and with
bacheleres. %¢1475 Sgr. lowe Degre 744 With damaske
white, and asure blewe, Wel dyapred with lyllyes newe.
1680 Morven Geog. Rect. (1685) 150 Excellent Artists in
Diapring Linnen loaths. 1842-76 Gwitt Archit. § 302
The practice of diaperin og walls, whereof an instance
occurs in Westminster Abbe
2. transf. and fig. T o adorn with diversely
coloured details ; to variegate.
1592 Greene Ufst. Courtier, Fragrante flowres that diapred
this valley. 1603 FLorio ‘Montaigne u. xii. (1632) 300
The wheelings .. of the celestiall bodies diapred in colours.
1613 W. Browne Brit. Past. 1. i, i rayes Wherewith the
sunne doth diaper the seas. 1665 Sir ‘T. Hersert /rav.
(1677) 380 Such flowers as Nature usually diapers the Earth
with. 1862 SaLa Seven Sons 1. ix. 209 Tall chimneys, from
whose tops — curled and diapered the woodland dis-
tance. 1865 CartyLe /redk. Gt. 1X. xx. v. 97 Six coffee-
cups, very pretty, well diapered, and tricked-out with all
the little embellishments which increase their value.
3. intr. To do diaper-work ; to flourish.
1573 Art of Limming 8 How to florishe or diaper with
a pensel over silver or goulde. /é7d. (1588) 8 If thou wilt
diaper upon silver, take Cerius with a pensill and draw or
florish aust thou wilt over thy silver. 1634 Peacnam Genii.
Exerc. 1. xiv. 46 If you Diaper upon folds, let your worke
be broken.
Diaperet (dai-apaid), pA/. a.
dtapré, OF, diaspré.}
re Having the surface or ground diversified and
adorned with a diaper or fret-work pattern.
2a 1400 Morte Arth. 3252 A duches dere-worthily dyghte
in dyaperde wedis. c1goo Maunpev. (1 ie xxii. 233 All
clothed in clothes dyapred of red selk all wrought with
Biount crater fgets or Diapred, diver-
sified with flourishes or sundry ures, whence we call
Cloth that is so diversified, Diaper. 1664 Power /.xf,
Philos. 1. 50 The backside of a.. sweet Brier Leaf, loo!
diaper’d most excellently with silver. 1871 B. Taytor
2it Bind ye in precious diapered
Fexcuson in Tristram 4foad 371 The same
Miss Brappon
frock and scanty
[f. prec. + -ED:
stuffs,
diapered brick-wall that is now seen.
his own Mechanic § 798 A blue, , or scarlet ground with
a fleur-de-lys, or cross, or small Siapared red pattern.
. Heraldry; see Diarer sb. 4 b-
1610 Guittim ae nal ba v. (1660) 31 That Field or bor-
dure is properly said diapered, which being fretted all
over, hath something quick or dead, appearing within the
Frets. 1864 Bowret. irrelay Hist. « ph po xix. 303 Rac
| ‘are call fective Bsals in -ERY ; in sense 1
1881 Every Man |
pn ge ae | Fgees gt ade oa ae,
- arn mga Srl Then 81 Diapenng.t ree
merely a oo embellishment, not .. enter into
Die be Coat ai iapey
pry, sb. Obs. [f. Diaper,
. ad,
OF. diaspré, diapré ‘diapered (stuff) ’.]
1. =Diarer sé. 1.
¢ 1460 J. Russet Bk. Nurture 193 Cover by cuppeborde
of thy ewery with the towelle of aepiew, hy
2. Diaper-work ; fg. variegated face (of the earth).
1633 Eart Mancu. Ad Mondo (1636) 119 ea sm ie Bee, so
soone as flowers spring, goes al |, Views the Diapery.
+ Diapery, diapry, «. Oés. [f. Diares 3b. +
-Y1: cf. papery, wintry.) Of the nature of diaper
or dey a -work ; chequered with various colourin
yLvESTER Du Bartas nu. i. ha ape tot aah Mat 6: The
Prone mansions where man-kinde doth Bait in in
six dayes. /bid, n. ii. Colonies 428 "They. lie neerer the
dia verges Of tear-bridge Tigris swallow-swifter surges.
+ ,a.and sb. Obs. rare. [f. mod.L.
and Romanic stem diaphan- ‘see DIAPHANE) + -AL.]
A. adj. =DIAPHANOUS.
ag B. Jonson Entertainment to K. & Q. at Theobalds
(22 May), Divers diaphanal glasses filled with several waters,
that shewed like .. stones of orient and transparent hues.
a 1645 W. Browne ‘Love Poems Wks. — Il. 276 By thy
chaster fire will all Be so wrought diaphanall.
B. sb. A diaphanous or transparent body.
Ps Survey Court Secret 1.i, Uf you find beeen ok great
anal (the Soul) an atom Lool tok black as guilty.
“Dia e (dai: aféin), a. and sb, [a. F. diaphane
(14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.); cf. Pr. déafan, It., Sp , Pg.
diafano, med. and mod.L. diaphan-us ; f. Gr. da-
parns transparent, f. 5a- through + “paras showing,
appearing, from Paivew to show, cause to appear.]
+ A. adj. = DiarHanovs, transparent. Ods.
1561 — Arte of Nanig. 1. i, Diaphane or transparent
bodyes. Carew Huarte's Exam. Wits vi. (1596) 77
Some eae colours, and some are diap and t
1824 Ann. Reg. 270° A new manufacture of stuffs, with
transparent te Beth which he calls Diaphane Stuffs.
B. sé. 1. A transparent body or substance; a
transparency.
[ Hate Prim. Orig. Man. w. ii. Frequently both
in ie Laneneas of the foly vena gob fi weed the
ancient Heathen Authors, the whole Diaphanum of the
Air and ther is in one common appellation called Heaven ;
which is the denomination here given to this £. sum.)
1840 Mrs. Browninc Drama oie ile Poems (1889) I. 100
Through the crystal diaphane.
2. A silk stuff : see quot.
1824 [see A.) 1882 Cautreitp & Sawarp Dict. Needle-
— 1 53 Diaphane, a woven silk stuff, having transparent
coloure figures.
+ Diraphaned, f//. a. Obs. [repr. F. diaphané,
vn - pple. of diaphaner to make transparent (Cotgr.).]
ade diaphanous ; transparent.
1626 tr. Boccalini 53 (T.) pera: of much wine hath the
virtue to make bodies diap
Dia: ty (daijz: faniiti). " Also 7 -iety.
[mod. f. Gr. dkapavys, stem diapave-, trans: ft,
or dapdvea transparency: see -ITY. Perhaps
originatingein a med. or mod.L. *diaphaneitas.
Occurring in F. (diaphandité) in 14th c. (Hatz.-
Darm.); in Eng. late in 17th c., an earlier ym
being DiapHaniry, The corresponding orm of
the adj. is diaphaneous.) The quality of being
freely pervious to light ; transparen
a done New Exp. Phys. Mec pers git The Dia-
Prono of the Air, Fanner aa Aare pa, The
difficulty of explaining — Dia
1662 Merrett tr. Neri's Arta Glas: Rank res een Sea-
n lose it's nc Phil.
XIII induct Seg) | ioe the material.
Hist. Induct Se. (8, ne 399 b> anand bodies
is very distinct from their power of transmitti “aoe, Ca,
Diaphaneous, obs. var. seg
Diaphanic, «. 0/: £. Gr. Biapanys
i phe tiaphan ae et ey are
or f. Romanic stem diaphan- (see
1614 I sage re Hist. ee 1. i. $6 Vast, open, subtile, dia-
seal of Jaspar Tudor also has the field of the seal
diay with the Planta Genista,
¢e. transf. and fig.
Srenser Efithad. 51 And let the gi
wae heaven t flowers a along, And f sane Dey the ae
colored <a. 1597 7:
diapred greene gah, . Mason in Bu
nd is most bennal ully carved in a
"hdc A wpe of ornamentation,
in — or low relief, to cover the surface
of a shield and form the ground on which the
bearing is charged. See Diarre.
pion Teena Gentl. Exerc. wm. 159 Some c their
Scotc! with diaper as the French, 1882 Cussans
Handbk, Her, v. 81 To represent the Diaper by a slightly
“es ie of the same tincture as that on which it is laid.
«paso to the floral variegation of the
Pi ae the ground,
1600 Maides Metam, u. in Bullen O. Pl. 1, 118 This
grassie bed, With summers gawdie dyaper bespred.
Anthropomet. Let.to Author, Any itable on the diaper'd
cath 4p J. C. Mancan ' Posme (apy 4a Our diapered
canopy, the deep of the sky.
Diapering, v//. sd. [f. as prec. +-1nG 1]
1. The production of a diaper pattern; the cover-
ing of a surface with such a pattern.
1606 Peacnam Art of Drawing 34 Diapering. .is..a light
tracing or running over with bag Fh ge Be pl your other work
when you have quite done (I mean shadowing and rl ;
it Bog Bectny' to counterfeit cloth of Gold, Silver,
arnass, WM. 305, I like this |
s | : A obi for the imitation of painted or stained
= DiapHanous,
| Diaph (déa'fand). [mod.F. diaphanie,
f. diaphane; see DIAPHANE.] The name given to
fo ang XX, 122 A red paper invention called Dia-
= p hye intended Five
mi jain glass. 5 ian ve
= a "window in Gaphan ani, Bre te
" Dinwt to be executed .
pha‘nity. Obs. Pies ae F, diaphanité
16th a) Sp, diafansiaes nem
iaphane, It. diafan-o, med. phan-us :
-t y. diphen and -1ry.] =DIAPHANEITY.
t BG se,
ncht, Velvet, Chai C.y With what {
you list. 1882 Heck Draper's Dict. 97 The ar | 1497 Norton Ord. Alch. iii. in Ashm. oe) 42 A
diapering to linen cannot definitely be traced. 1 — | stone glitter
| Handbk, Her, 78 Diapering was a device much practised | excellent 1577 Dix Xedat. Sspir.1. (1659)9 The
DIAPHANOMETER.
Stone was of his natural Diaphanitie. 1646 Sir T. Browne
Pseud. Ep. 11. i. 55 If it be made hot ina crusible. .it will grow
dim, and abate its diaphanity. 1664 Power Ef, Philos. 1.
55 It was like a thin horn ic rset 3 diaphanous .. which
diaphanity might perchance hinder the appearance both of
its cavity and angularity.
Diaphano'meter. [f. Gr. d:aparys trans-
parent, or rather its med.L. and Romanic adapta-
tion diaphano- + -meTER, Gr. pérpov measure.] A
measurer of transparency; sfec. an instrument for
measuring the transparency of the atrhosphere.
1789 Tilloch’s Philos. Mag. \11. 377 (Article) Description
of M. de Saussure’s Diaphanometer. . The diaphanometer is
.. designed to show the greatness of the evaporation exist-
ing in any limited part of the atmosphere which surrounds
us. The measure of transparency .. is founded on the pro-
rtion of the distances at which determined objects cease to
& visible. 1807 1. Younc Lect. Nat. Phil. §& Mech, Arts
IL. 74 1857 J. P. Nicuot Cyct, Phys. Sc. _
Diaphanoscope (doi,"fano\skdup).
prec. + Gr. -oxon-os observing.]
+1. A contrivance for viewing transparent positive
photographs. Ods.
1868 Chambers’ Encycl. 111. 538/1 Diapha'noscope, a dark
box constructed for exhibiting transparent photographs.
2. An instrument used in obstetrical surgery for
the examination of internal organs through the
translucent walls of the abdomen when internally
illuminated by electricity. Hence Diaphano'scopy,
the clinical use of the diaphanoscope.
1883 Q. Rev. July 82 The long promised but never perfected
diaphanoscope, 1883 Syd. Soc, Lex., Diaphanoscopy, aterm
applied by Rearewnch. to the exploration of the genital
organs by means of an electric light introduced into the
vagina in a glass tube. i
Diaphanous (doi,ze'fanos), a. Also 7 diapha-
neous. [f. med.L. déaphan-us (see DIAPHANE) +
-ous. The form diaphaneous more closely repre-
sented the Gr.: cf. DIAPHANEITY.] Permitting
the free passage of light and vision; perfectly trans-
parent; pellucid.
1614 Raveicu //ist. World 1.i.§ 7 Aristotle calleth light
a quality inherent, or cleauing toa Dishacods body. 1633
T. Avams Ef. 2 Peter ii. 4 In hell there shall be nothing
diaphanous, perspicuous, clear. c1645 Howe vt Ze/?. I. 1.
xxix, To transmute Dust and Sand to such a diaphanous
lucid dainty body as you see a Crystal-Glasse is. 1 ‘
impson Hydrol, Chynt. 10 The diaphaneous texture of the
particles in the vitrioline solution. 1680 Boye Sceft. Chenz.
v. 326 The one substance is Opacous, and the other somewhat
Diaphanous. 1794 Martyn Roussean’s Bot. xxxii. 500 The
fructifications are in a diaphanous membrane, 1833 Penny
Cyct. I. 450/2 The crystals of the amethyst vary from dia-
anous to translucent. 1868 Duncan /usect World ii. 59
The wings are whitish, not diaphanous. 1895 7he Lady
1 Jan, 133 With this was worn a diaphanous white picture
hat caught up with..white ribbons,
Hence Dia‘phanously adv., in a diaphanous
manner, transparently; Dia‘phanousness, dia-
phanous quality, transparency.
1683 E. Hooker Pref. Efpist. Pordage's Mystic Div., Most
Diaphanously, perspicuously, no less clearly. .than the Sun*
Beams upon a Wall of Crystall. 1710 T, Futter Pharm.
Extemp, 220 As here order’d ’twill be diaphanously clear.
1727 Battey vol. II, Diaphaneity, Diaphanousness, the
property of a diaphanous Body.
Diaphemetric (dei,zx:fime'trik), a. [mod, f.
Gr. dta- apart (D1A-') + &pq touch + -METRIC.]
Relating to the measurement of the comparative
tactile sensibility of parts.
Diaphemetric compasses, ‘an instrument, consisting of a
pair of compasses with a graduated scale, used for the same
purpose as the EstHESIOMETER.’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.)
18.. in DunGuison, ‘
Diaphonic (deiafpnik), a.
+-10.} Also Diaphonical.
1. Ofor pertaining to diaphony: see DIAPHONY 2.
1822 New Monthly Mag, V1. 201 To give a concert with
a full orchestra upon the diaphonic principle,
2. =Dracoustic,
1775 Asn, Diaphonic. 1846 WorcestER, Diaphonic, Dia-
Fikes
onical,
Diaphonies, ? 0s. [f. as pl. of prec.: see
-Ics.]_ = Dracovustics,
1683 Phil. Trans. X1V. 473 Three parts of our Doctrine
of Acousticks ; which are yet nameless, unless we call them
Acousticks, Diacousticks, and Catacousticks, or (in another
sense, but to as good re ) Phonicks, Diaphonicks, and
[f. as
[f. as DrapHon-y
Cataphonicks. 1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn., Diacousticks,
or Diaphonicks, is the consideration of the properties of
Refracted sound, as it passes through different mediums.
+ Dia‘phonist. Ods.rvare—°. [f. next +-187.]
1656 Biount Glossogr., Diaphonist, he that makes divers
sounds. ;
Diaphony (doijze-foni). AZws. [ad. late L. dia-
phonia dissonance, discord, a. Gr. d:apwvia discord,
f. &kdpwvos dissonant, f. dia- apart + povety to sound,
Cf. F. diaphonie, 18th c. in Hatz.-Darm.]
+1. In etymol. sense: Discord. Ods.—°
1656 Biount Glossogr., Diaphony, a divers sound, a discord.
2. In medicval music (as usually understood) ;
The most primitive form of harmony, in which
the parts proceeded by parallel motion in fourths,
fifths, and octaves: the same as ORGANUM.
But some suppose it to have meant a system in which
the parts were sung vesponsively at these intervals,
1834 A. Merrick A lbrechtsberger's Theoret. Wks. 154 note.
1871 Q, Rev. No. 261. 158 We might add no harmony, for
319
the ee ..is to our ears most terrible discord.
1880 C. H. H. Parry in Grove Dict. Mus, 1. 39% The sup-
posed first form of harmony, which was called Diaphony,
or Organum, 188r MacrarrENn Counterp, i. 1 Diaphony..
may have meant alternation or response .. the parts .. were
sun in succession and not together.
ll Diaphoresis (doiaforé'sis). Med. [L. dia-
phoresis, a, Gr. S:apdpyots a sweat, perspiration, f.
d:apopety to carry off, spec. to throw off by perspira-
tion, f. &a- through + popety to carry.] Perspiration;
especially, that produced by artificial means.
1681 tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Diaphoresis,
evaporation, as by sweating. 1710 T. Futter Phariz.
Extemp. 101 This sort of Cure by a Diaphoresis is not always
certain. 1718 Quincy Compl. Disp. 8 In the Height of
Fevers..it is very effectual ..to forward a Diaphoresis. 1876
Bartuotow Mat. Med. (1879) 53 When active diaphoresis
is the object to be accomplished, the patient must be well
enveloped in blankets.
Diaphoretic (dei:aforetik), a. and sd, Med,
[ad. L. diaphoréticus, a. Gr. iapopyntixds promoting
perspiration, f. d:apdpnots : see prec. So F. dtapho-
rétique, in 14th c. dtaforetique in Hatz.-Darm.]
A. adj, Having the property of inducing or pro-
moting perspiration ; sudorific.
1563 T. Gate Antidot. 1. iv. 3 The simples Diaphoretik
are these. 163x H. Suirtey Wart, Souldier un. iv. in Bullen
O. Pl. 1, 219 Diophoratick Medicines to expell II] vapours
from the foule parts by sweate. 1680 Morven Geog. ect.
(1685) 253 Baths and Hot Springs that are very Diaphoretic
7 Braptey Fam. Dict. s.v. Antimony, Yo prepare Dia-
phoretick Antimony. 1883-4 Med. Ann. 44/1 It is diuretic
but not diaphoretic, | .
B. sb. A medicinal agent having this property.
1656 Ripctey Pract. Physick 19 Vhen diaphoreticks at
first, and colder diureticks. 1672 PA7l. Trans. VII. 4029 He
commends Spirit of Hartshorn, as an excellent Diaphoretick.
1732 ArsutHnot Rules of Diet 273 Diaphoreticks or Pro-
moters of Perspiration. rid eet aly Handbk, Med. (ed. 3)
I. 35 The only diaphoretic that is of much practical value
is some form of bath which promotes perspiration.
+ Diaphore'tical, a. Os. [f-as prec. + -AL.]
= DIAPHORETIC a.
1601 Hotianp Pliny II. 341 The ashes of a goats horn in-
corporat into an vnguent with oile of myrtles, keeps those
from diaphoretical sweats who are anointed therwith. 1605
TimME Quersit. u. vii. 141 Why it should be diaphoretical,
that is to say, apt to prouoke sweates, 1657 W. CoLrs
Adam in Eden 329 By its dryness and diaphoretical quality.
Diaphoric (daiadfp rik), a. A/ath. [f. Gr. da-
popos different +-1c.] Of or pertaining to difference;
in diaphoric function, a function of the differences
of variables.
1883 Cavey in Camb, Phil. Trans. X11. 12 The function
..is a function of the differences of the variables. . Any such
function is said to be ‘diaphoric’: and it is easy to see that
taking for the variables any inverts whatever, a diaphoric
function is always curtate. 1893 Lioyp TANNER in Proc,
Lond. Math, Soc. XX1V. 264. :
Diaphorite (deijeforsit). In. [f. Gr. did-
gopos different, Siapopd difference, distinction +
-ITE.] +a. A name formerly used for an altered
rhodonite related to allagite. b. A name given
by Zepharovich to the orthorhombic form of
Freieslebenite.
1868 Dana Min. Index, Diaphorite, v. Allagite. 1871
Amer. Frul. Sc. Ser. 1. 1.381 He retains the original name
for the monoclinic species, and gives the name diaphorite to
the orthorhombic.
Diaphr: (dai-afreém), sb. Also 7- agme.
[ad. L. diaphragma, a. Gr. 5appaypa, the midriff,
primarily ‘ partition-wall, barrier’, f. da- through,
apart + ppayua fence, f. ppaccev to fence in, hedge
round, Long used in L. form. Cf. F. diaphragme,
in 13-14th c. déaffragme (Hatz.-Darm.).]
I. 1. Anat. The septum or partition, partly
muscular, partly tendinous, which in mammals
divides the thoracic from the abdominal cavity ;
the midriff,
Its action is important in respiration, and it is also con-
cerned in laughter, sneezing, and hiccough ; hence 0 move
the diaphragm, to excite laughter.
_ 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R.vu. lv. (1495) 269 Diafragma
is a skynne that departyth and is sette bitwene the bowels
and the spirytuall membres. cx Lanfranc’s Cirurg.
16x Pis diafragma departip be spirituals from pe guttis.
1594 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. u. 220 There is a parti-
tion called diaphragma by the Gracians, which separateth
the instruments of the vital partes, from the nourishing
rts, 1626 Bacon Sylva § 697 It is true that they [/usecta]
ave (some of them) Diaphragm and an Intestine. 1629
Gaute Holy Madn, 293 It still moues my Diaphragme,
what once mou'd the Spleene of Cyrus, 1685 Boy_e £xg,
Notion Nat. 326 Divers of the Solid Parts, as the Heart and
Lungs, the Diaphragma. 1767 Goocu Treat. Wounds 1. 369
The Diaphragm is a muscle of the greatest importance in
respiration, 1872 Darwin £motions viii. 202 The sound of
laughter is produced by a deep inspiration, followed by short,
interrupted spasmodic contractions of the chest, and especi-
ally of the diaphragm, 1875 Brake Zoo/. 1 Inspiration is
performed chiefly by the aid of the diaphragm,
II. Transferred uses,
2. generally. Applied to anything natural or arti-
ficial which in its nature or function resembles the
diaphragm of the animal body, or similarly serves
as a partition.
1660 Bovte New, Exp. Phys. Mech. xxiv. 192 Certain
Diaphragmes, consisting of the coats of the bubbles. 1862
M. Hopkins //awaii 27 That this fiery bottom was only a
DIAPHRAGM.
roof or diaphragm, of no great thickness, the upper and
solidified portion of the incandescent matter of the volcano.
1891 Pall MallG. 21 Aug. 6/2 A real advance in cartography
was made when Dicwarch of Messena (390-290 B.c.) in-
troduced the parallel of Rhodes. This ‘diaphragm’ was
intersected at right angles by parallel lines representing
meridians,
3. a. Zool. A septum or partition separating the
successive chambers of certain shells. Also applied
to the operculum of a gastropod.
1665 Hooke Microgr, 111 These shells which are thus
spirallied and separated with Diaphragmes, were some kind
of Nautili. 1728 Woopwarp Fossils (J.), Parted into
numerous cells by means of diaphragms. 1858 GeiKir ///sf,
Boulder v. 68 The same thin diaphragms..marked the suc-
cessive stages of the animal's growth. 1880 A. R. WaLLace
Ist. Life v. 76 Some .. which close the mouth of the shell
with a diaphragm of secreted mucus.
b. Bot. A septum or partition consisting of one
or more layers of cells, occurring in the tissues of
plants ; a transverse partition in a stem or leaf.
1665 Hooke J/icrogr. 115 Not to consist of abundance of
long pores separated with Diaphragms, as Cork does.
1874 Cooke Fung? 35 ‘The mouth being for some time
closed by a veil, or diaphragm, which ultimat®y disappears.
1884 Bower & Scotr De Lary’s Phaner. 217 Vhe air-
assages in the internodes, petioles, and leaves of most
Monocotyledons .. the internodes and petioles or conical
leaves of the Marsiliacez, the leaves of the Isoetez, etc.,
are partitioned by diaphragms. did, 219 ‘The one-layered
diaphragms. .in the leaf of Pistia.
4. Mech. A thin lamina or plate serving as a
partition, or for some specific purpose ; sometimes
transferred to other appliances by which such pur-
pose is effected: e.g.
a. A thin plate or disk used as a partition, especially in
a tube or pipe; in optical instruments, an opaque plate or
disk pierced with a circular hole to cut off marginal beams
of light.
1665 Hooke Microgr. Pref., The Ray .. passes also per-
pendicularly through the Glass @iaphragme. 1669 Boytr
Contin. New Exp, 1. (1682) 19 A Diaphragma or Midriff of
Tin whose edges are so polished on both sides that [etc.].
1682 Weekly Mem. Ingen, 250 Two tin pipes, with a dia-
phragm pierced in the middle, and stopped with a sucker.
1773 Phil. Trans. LXII1, 203 Several diaphragms of paste-
board. .to be applied to the object-glass externally, 1800
lbid. XC. 557 A diaphragm, whose aperture was $ an inch,
was then put over the object-glass of the transit telescope.
1850 Cuuss Locks & Keys 35 Ina line with the plane of the
plate, or diaphragm of the lock, 1872 Huxtey Piys. ix. 229
To have what is termed a diaphragm (that is an opaque
plate with a hole in the centre) in the path of the rays.
transf. 1860 ‘lyNDALL Glac. 1, xxvii. 207 The clouds. .had,
during the night, thrown vast diaphragms across the sky.
1867 A. J. Extis £. 2. Pronunc. 1. iii. 161 The lips which
form a variable diaphragm. 1878 Foster PAys. 11, ii. 397
The iris serving as a diaphragm.
b. The porous cup of a voltaic cell. 5
1870 R. M. Fercuson £lect7. 136 Taking 14. for diaphragm
or porous cell. 18853 Watson & Burpery ath. 7h. Electr.
§& Magn. 1. 234 The hydrogen //2 does not as in that case
remain free, It passes through the diaphragm and displaces
an equivalent of copper in the sulphate of copper.
ec. A membrane stretched in or on a frame; a vibrating
membrane or disk in an acoustic instrument; the vibrating
disk of a telephone.
1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. |. (1856) 483 The kayack itself
is a mere diaphragm of skin, stretched on a wooden frame.
1866 Reader 15 Sept. 796 An ear-trumpet, across the mouth
of which was stretched a diaphragm of Indian rubber. 1879
G. Prescott Sf. Telephone p. iil, In 1861 Reiss discovered
that a vibrating diaphragm could be actuated by the human
voice. 1879 Cassell’s Techn, Educ. VV. 155/1 When the sound
vibrations impinge upon the mica diaphragm the needle-
point will indent the tinfoil.
d. The assemblage of lines of reference in the focus of
a telescope, whether ruled upon glass, or formed of spider
webs stretched in a frame.
1829 W. Pearson Pract. Astron. II. 133 The first reticu-
lated diaphragm that was used in making astronomical ob-
servations was by the Parisian astronomer Cassini. 1844
Smytu Cycle Celest. Objects (1860) 215 Reticulated dia-
phragms .. useful in mapping stars, and differentiating
them. 1879 Newcoms & Ho pen Astron. 76 Fine spider
lines tightly stretched across a metal plate or diaphragm.
5. attrib., as diaphragm current, eyepiece, nerve,
plate, etc.
1667 R. Lower in Phil. Trans. 11. 546 A dog, whose Dia-
phragme-nerves are cut. 1859 F. A. Grirritus A rtill. Man.
(1862) 89 One inch in length for diaphragm shells. 1883
Syd. Soc. Lex., Diaphragm currents, electric currents
caused by forcing a liquid through a porous diaphtagm.
Hence || Diaphragma‘igia, Diaphragmata lgia
[Gr. dA-yos, -aAyia pain}, pain in the diaphragm ;
|| Diaphragmati'tis, -mi-tis, inflammation of the
diaphragm; Diaphra‘gmatocele, hernia of the
diaphragm (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883).
1835-6 Topp Cyc/. Anat. II. 6/2 The diaphragm is subject
to attacks of inflammation..termed diaphragmitis. 1854-67
C. A. Harris Dict. Med. Terminol., Diaphragmalgia, Dia-
phragmatocele. 1857 DuncLison Med. Lex. 293 Diaphrag-
matalgia, Diaphragmalgia, /did., The essential symptoms
of diaphragmitis.
Dia: 2 [f. prec.] ¢vans. To fit or
act upon with a diaphragm. 70 diaphragm down,
in Optics: to reduce the field of vision of (a lens,
etc.) by means of an opaque diaphragm with a
central aperture (see prec. sb. 4 a).
1879 H. Gruss in Proc. R. Dubl. Soc. 181 Even after shut-
ting one eye and diaphragming the otherdown. 1894 Brit.
Frul. Photogr. XLI. 1 If both [lenses] are diaphragmed
down to the same aperture.
DIAPHRAGMAL,
Diaphra‘ a. [f. Drarparacm+-au.] Of
the nature of a diaphragm ; diaph atic,
1890 Darwin's Expr. Emotions (ed. 2) iii. 85 note, The dia-
phragmal respiration. | ; ;
Dia tic (dai:afregme'tik),@. [mod.
f. Gr, d:appaypat-, stem of dudppaypa DIAPHRAGM :
see -Io. Cf. F. diaphragmatique (Paré 16th c.)]
Of or pertaining to the diaphragm ; of the nature
of a diaphragm.
1656 BLount Glossogr. s.v. Vein, Diaphragmatick veins,
the midriff veins. 1755 Spry in Phil. Trans, XLIX. 478
The diaphragmatic upper mouth of the stomach.
Blackw. Mag. XXX1X. 167 The diaphragmatic convulsion,
which, in the i language of our nation, is called |
aguffaw. 1878 Foster //ys. u. ii. § 1.259 That movement
in the lower part of the chest and abdomen so characteristic
of male breathing, which is called diaphragmatic. 1881
Muvart Cat 462 A complete diaphragmatic partition.
tic , adv. [f. prec.+-ALl
+ -LY<.] Ina diaphragmatic manner; by means
of the diaphragm.
1888 Cassell’s am. Mag. Dec. 14/1 The important point
= eens is to do so diaphragmatically and not clavi-
cularly.
Di-ap ed, #f/. a. [f. DIAPHRAGM v. or |
sb.+-ED.] Furnished with a diaphragm or dia-
phragms.
1665 Hooke Microgr. 114 The pores .. were they dia-
phragm'd, like those of Cork, would afford us .. ten times
as many little cells.
Les) a eine (daijerfisis). [ad. Gr. Bidpvors a
growing through, also a point of separation, f. d:a-
through, apart + pvew to produce, bring forth.]
1. Anat. ‘The shaft of a long bone, as distinct
from the extremities’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.).
183t R. Knox Cloguet’s Anat.11 Their extremities are
enlarged, and their middle part, which is named body or
diaphysis, is contracted. 1890 W. J. WatsHam Surgery
(ed. 3) 11. 184 ‘'wenty-on@ years of age, the period at which
nearly all the epiphyses have united with their diaphyses.
189t Lancet 3 Oct. 768 When amputation is done in the
miner es the bone keeps on growing from its upper epi-
physis.
2. Bot. ‘A preternatural extension of the centre
of the flower, or of an inflorescence’ (7veas. Bot.
1866).
Hence Diaphy:sial a., of or pertaining to the
diaphysis. In mod. Dicts.
|| Diaplasis (doi,e'plasis). Svrg. [mod.L., a.
Gr. danas a putting into shape, setting of a
limb, f. &awAdaoev to form, mould.) (See quots.)
1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn., Diaplasis, is the setting of
a Limb which was out of joynt. 1706 Puituirs (ed. Kersey).
1857 Dunctison Med. Lex. 232 In French surgery .. Dia-
plasis and Anaplasis mean also, restoration to the original
form —as in fractures, etc. 188 in Syd. Soc. Lex.
+ Diapla:stic, a. and sd. Ods. [f. same etymon
as prec. : see PLASTIC.)
1721 Baitey, Diaplasticks (in Pharmacy), medicines which
are good for a Limb out of joint. 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex.
il Dia-pnoe. Med. Obs. [mod.L., a. Gr. d:an-
von in Galen, perspiration.] An insensible perspira-
tion, or gentle moisture on the skin.
1681 tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Diapnoe, a
breathing forth. 1706 Puitiirs, Diaphoresis or Diapnoe.
Hence Diapno genous, Diapnoic adjs., pro-
ducing a moderate perspiration.
1857 Dunciison Med. Lex. 699 The perspiratory fluid is
secreted by an appropriate glandular apparatus termed by
Breschet, diapnogenous. ie :
Diapophysis (daiapg'fisis). Anat. Pl. -physes.
[f. Gr. a through, apart + dmdpvois offshoot,
Apopnysis.] A term applied by Owen toa 2
of exogenous segments of the typical vertebra,
forming lateral processes of the neural arch,
In the cervical vertebra of man and other mammals it is
represented by the posterior part of the ring enclosing the
vertebral artery; in the dorsal vertebra by the transverse
process; in the lumbar and sacral vertebra by short pro-
cesses of the centrum (Syd. Soc. Lex.).
1854 Owen Skeleton in Circ. Sc. Organ. Nat. I. 168 The
neural arch. .also sometimes includes a pair of bones, called
‘diapophyses’, 1872 Mivart Elem. Anat. vi. (#873) 220
We may thus distinguish two series of paraxial parts on
each side, one made mo of tubercular processes (or dia-
pophyse§) and ribs, a the other made up of capitular
pr (or parapophyses) and ribs.
Hence Diapophy’sial a., of or belonging to a
diapophysis.
1854 Owen in Cire, Sc. Organ. Nat. I. 206 The bones ..
manifest more of their diapophysial character than their
homotypes do in the occipital segment.
(dai:apor?sis). Rhet. [mod.L.,
a. Gr. &andpyots a being at a loss, doubting.] A
rhetorical figure, in which the speaker professes to
be at a loss, which of two or more courses, state-
ments, etc., to adopt.
1678 Puit.irs, Diaforesis, a doubting, a Rhetorical figure,
in which there seems to be a dou to the audi-
ence before whom the Oration is made. [So in later Dicts.]
also diaporesis, The Latin term is addubitatio.
+ Dia‘porous, a. (és. rare. [f. Gr. dua- through
+ -mopos passing through, f. mépos passage, pore :
cf. etmopos easy to pass through.] Having the
quality of penetrating or passing through.
| Strasburger’s Pract. Bot. 188 The roots
| occupy suc!
820
1682 Evetyn Mem. 24 Mar., A discourse of. .the difficulty
of finding any red colour effectual to rate glass .. that
the most diaporous, as blue, yellow, did not enter into
the substance of what was ordinarily painted, more than
very shallow .. other reds and whites not at all beyond the
superfices,
Dia tive (doiippzitiv). Photogr. [f. Gr.
&a- through + Posirive.] A transparent positive
photographic picture, such as those used as lantern
slides.
Voice (N. Y.) 30 Nov., An tines: negative. .is first
fs 4 then placed i cman with ano! sensitive (dry)
plate and a diapositive made from it.
+Dicapre, a. /er. Obs. [a. F. diapré dia-
pered.) = D1IaPEreED 1 b.
1562 Leicn Armorie (1597).93 The field Geules, a Frette
engrailed Ermine. If this Fret be of mo peeces then ye
here see, then altereth it from the same name, & is blazed
dyqpre. 1586 Ferne Blas, Gentrie 1. 190 A coat-armour
Diapre may be charged with any thing, either quick or
dead ; but plants, fruits, leaues, or flowres, be aptest to
coates. 1727-51 Cuampers Cycl., Diapre or
Diapered, in heraldry, a dividing of a field into planes, or
compartments, in the manner of fret-work; and filling the |
same with variety of figures.
+ Di-aprize, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [f. F. diapr-er
to DIAPER + -1ZE.] = DIAPER 2.
1626 Liste Du Bartas, Noe 116 The diapri ridges
(marges diaprez] And faire endented banks of Tegil burst-
ing bridges. [Cf. Diarery a., second quot.]
+Diapru'ne. 0/s. Also diaprunum. [ad.
med.L. diapriinum, f. Dia-2 + L. priinum plum.
In F. diaprun (1700 in Hatz.-Darm.) formerly
diaprunum.] ‘An electuary made of damask
prunes and divers other simples, good to cool the
body in hot burning feavers ’ (Physical Dict. 1657).
1625 Hart Anat. Ur. u. i. 55 They had purged him..
with Diaprunum. 1639 J. W. tr. Guibert's Char. Physic i.
23 Mixe with it two drammes of diapfunes.
iapry, sd. and a.: see DIAPERY.
+Diapsalm. O/s. In 4 diasalm, 8 dia-
psalma. [a. L. diapsalma (Jerome), a. Gr. da-
yadpa, used by the LXX in the Psalms for the
Heb. Se/ah.] (See quots.)
1382 Wycuir Ps, Prol. 1ii, The deuyseoun of salmys that
ben clepid diasalmys ben in noumbre of seuenti and fiue.
1706 Puitvips (ed. Kersey), Diapsalma, a Pause or change
of Note in Singing. [1877 Jennincs & Lowe Ps. Introd.
| a symple flyxe of the wombe. 1544
| Quenes Majesty fell perillos!
DIARY. ;
meee: Rev. ys these volumes, he [T. Moore] is.
iavistio (siktsuk), e. [fprec.4¢-10] OF
the style of a diarist ; of the nature of a diary.
1884 Manch. Even. News 2 Apr., Lady Brassey's diaristic
account of her visit to Egypt
Mag. Oct. 616 His letters and diaristic ments,
(daivaraiz),v. [f. Diary sb.+-128.] intr.
To write a record of events in a diary. Hence
Di-arizing vd/. sh. and pl. a.
1827 Moore Diary 6-31 . V. 161 [I] have not had
time to diarize, so must record by wholesale what I re-
member. 1853 Lockuart in Croker Papers (1884) 11. xxviii.
295, 1 had to spare Tories about as often as Whigs the
castigation of diarizing Malagrowther. 1854 /raser’s Mag.
XLIX. 443 Where is the man who, when he diarizes frankly
and fairly, does not write himself vain?
Diarrhea (doiir’). Also 4-5 diaria, 6-
diarrhea. [a. L. diarrhea, a. Gr. a flow-
ing through, diarrhoea, f. d:appé-etv to flow through.]
A disorder consisting in the too frequent eva-
cuation of too fluid feeces, sometimes attended with
griping pains.
In 17th c, usually with he, in 18th with a, now (in literary
and educated use) without article. :
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vu. li. (1495) 265 Diaria is
Wee er Puagr Kegim. Lyfe
vi e Sa! uxe 1s named diarrhea. 1
Gs Conn in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. u. 11. 291 the
sick on Saturday last, the
accident cam to that which they call diarrhea. 1 R.
| Anprose tr. Alexis’ Secr. 1v. 1.12 To remedie the diseases
called Dissinteriaand Diarrhea. 1598 SyLvester Du Bartas
u. i. Furies, The diarrhoea and the burning-fever In Som-
mer-season doo their fell endeavour. Row ann Moufet’s
Theat. Ins. 1104 They stay also the Dyarrheea .. kill and
drive out all Belly-worms. ¢17a3 Pore Let. to Gay (1735)
I. 323 To wait for the next cold Day to throw her into a
Diarrhoea. 1732 Arsutunot Kudes of Diet A cholera
Morbus, or incurable Diarrhoeas. 1800 Med. Frni.1V. 60
These medicines caused diarrhoea. 181z A. ‘I. THomson
Lond. Disp. (1818) 240 Celebrated in Ireland as a remedy
in diarrhoea. 1866 A. Fut Princ. Med. (1880) 525 The
term diarrhea is used to d morbid freq of in-
testinal dejections which are, also, liquid or morbidly soft,
and often otherwise altered in character.
| an area increases the tendency to di
28 AcdWaAua then means probably a musical interlude, per- |
haps of a forte character.)
|| Diapye’sis. Path. [mod.L., a. Gr. &arinas,
f, damveiy to suppurate.] Suppuration.
Diapye'tic a. and sb., Diapye'tical a.
1657 Tomiinson Renou's Disp. 699 Both of them [greater
and lesser Basilicum] are Diapyetical. 1706 Puitwies (ed.
Kersey), Diapyeticks, Medicines that cause Swellings to
suppurate or run with Matter, or that ripen and break
Sores. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diapyesis.
Diaquilon, obs. form of D1acHYLon.
Diarch (dai‘aik), a. Bot. [f. Gr. &- twice + dpyh
beginning, origin.] Proceeding from two distinct
points of origin: said of the primary xylem (or
wood) of the root.
1884 Bower & Scott De Bary’s Phaner. 362 Its xylem is
in the great majority of cases ..diametrally diarch. /did.
363 Triarch and tetrarch bundles sometimes occur in thick
roots of species, which are usually diarch. Hitiuouse
+. ferns are
generally diarch.
Diarchy (dairaski). [f. Gr. &- twice + -apxia
rule: cf. povapxia rule of one; f. cpxés chief.]
A government by two rulers.
1835 ‘T'Hirtwatt Greece I, viii. 318 A diarchy, though less
usual than a monarchy, was not a very rare form of govern-
ment.
Diaria, obs. form of DiaRRHa@A.
Diarial (daiérial),@. [f.L. didrt-em Diary sd.
+ Peep! | Of, pertaining to, of the nature of, a diary.
1845 W. L. ALExanver fem. ¥, Watson Pref. 6 A series
of detached notes and diarial jottings. 1885 G, Merepitu
Diana \.i. 2 The diarial record, 1888 A. G. Drarer in
Amer, Ann. Deaf Apr. 124 Letters and diarial extracts,
(daiéeriin), a. and sd. [f. as prec. +
Hence’
-AN.] A. adj. Of or pertaining to a diary or |
journal; + —— obs.).
1774 (title) Diarian Repository or Math I Re-
gister, containing a complete collection of all the Mathe-
matical Questions, published in the Ladies’ Diary, from
1704 to 1760, 1785 Cranse Newspaper Wks. 1834 II. 137
arian sages greet their brother sage. 1794 Wo.corr
(P. Pindar) Row?. for Oliver Wks. 11. 392 His strength in
fields diarian dares he try?
B. sb, The author or writer of a diary ; + a jour-
nalist. rare.
1800 Morn. Her. in Spirit Publ. Frnis, (801) IV. 148
A Diarian [an article is so signed].
Di-ar nonce-wa. [f. Diary sb. + -NESS.]
The quality characteristic of a diary.
1891 Murray's Mag. Sept. 464 The ‘di
jariness’ of his
| writing makes us regret that .. he should have sought
1844 J. W. Gisas Philo?, Studies (1857) 215 Aforia, .called publication.
Diarist (doi-rist). [f. Diary sé. +-187.] One
who keeps a diary; the author of a diary.
1818 in Topp. 1826 Scorr Rev. Pepys’ Mem. (1849) 307
The characters of the two diarists were essentially different.
1854 LoweLL Jrud. in [taly Prose Wks. 1890 i tat The
English language. .can show but one sincere diarist, Pepys.
attrib,
1890 B. A. WuireLecce Hygiene & Public Health
xii, The diarrhoea death-rate .. Densit
of buildings upon
mortality.
2. transf. An excessive flow (of words, etc.).
1698 F. B. Modest Censure 15 This sort of Medicaments
hath cured his Pen of the Diarrhea. a1797 H. Watroce
Mem. Geo. I11, (1845) 11. ii. 47 He.. was troubled with a
diarrhcea of words. 1883 Contemp. Rev. Dec. 937 We al-
lude .. to the diarrhoea of emendations,
Diarrheal doi al\, a.
Of or pertaining to diarrhoea.
1651 Biccs New Disp. » 248 The diarrheall porraceous
flux. 1871 Daily News 16 Aug., Diarrhoeal infection. ea
E, A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene xviii. (ed. §) 479 H
and dysenteric evacuations, 1890 B. A,
giene xii. 303 High mugaeers of the air has | been
observed to be associated with high diarrhceal ity.
Diarrhoic (daiir7 ik), a. [f as prec. + -10.]
Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of diarrhoea.
1876 W% 's Gen. Pathol. (ed. 6) 86. 1894 Daily News
25 July 5/4 It is in diarrheic plaints that the
was most marked. i
Diarrheetic, -rhetic (daidre'tik, -r7tik), a. [f.
DrArrna@a, in loose imitation of Gr. verbal adjec-
tives in -7ixés. (The actual verbal adj. from
diappé-ew is didpput-os, which would have given
diarrhytic.] = DIARRHGIC.
Also confused with diuretic. .
1656 Biount Glossogr., Diarrhoetick, that hath a Lask or
loosness in the belly without inflammation. @ 1738 ArsuTu-
nor (J.), Millet is diarrhetick, cleansing, useful in
diseases of the kidneys. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diarrhetic,
Diarrhatic, same as Diarrhaic.
Diarthrodial (doijarprowdial), a. Anat. [f.
Di- pref.3 (Gr, d:a-) + ARTHRODIAL.] Pertaining
to or characterized by diarthrosis.
* Diarthrodial cartilages: the cartilages which cover the
joint-ends of bones’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.).
1830 R. Knox Béclard’s Anat. x The
[f. prec. + -aL.]
HITELEGGE //y-
. 1876 wane Ales na. (ee) 13a Cer.
Diarthrosis (deijarprosis). Anat, [f. Di-
pref (Gr. ba-) + pOpwos ARTHROSIS, articula-
tion.] The general term for all forms of articula-
tion which admit of the motion of one bone upon
another; free arthrosis.
1578 Banister //ist. Man 3b, Not vnder the kynde of
Diarthrosis, but Synarthrosis : for samach 20 the sioapegiof
these bones is most obscure. 1634 T. Jounson Parey's
Chirurg. xvi. xxxv. (1678) 365 The wrist .. Faery dhs
composure of eight bones knit to the whole cubit by -
throsis. 1658 Sir ‘T. Browne Gard. Cyrus iii. 59 The Diar-
throsis or motive Articulation. 1830 R. Knox Béclara’s
Anat, 283 The rotatory diarthrosis .. is that which allows
only motions of rotation, 1842 E. Witson Anat, Vade M.
(ed. 2) 92 Diarthrosis is the bl iculation which con-
stitutes by far the greater number of the joints of the body.
(doirari), sd. [ad. L. déari-um daily
allowance, also (later) a journal, diary, f. die-s —
in form, a subst. use of the neuter of didrius be
(see next), which, however, is not recorded
ancient L. See -aRIuM, -ARY! B, 2.]
er the war. 1891 Murray's -
SS ee
eh gee wo ee ee
DIARY.
1. A daily record of events or transactions, a
journal ; specifically, a daily record of matters af-
fecting the writer personally, or which come under
his personal observation.
158r Ws. FLeerwoop in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. II. 288
Thus most humbly I send unto yor good Lo, this last weeks
Diarye. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn, 11. ii. § 11. 14 It is .. an
vse well received in enterprises memorable..to keepe
Dyaries of that which passeth continually. 1642 Amsw. to
Printed Bk. 14 A diary .. of the Parliament held 1 Hen. 4.
1652-62 Heyiin Cosmogr. Introd. (1674) 17/2 A Diary or
Journal, as the name imports, containing the Actions of
each day. “7 Piotr Oxfordsh, 228 Diaries of wind and
weather, and of the various qualifications of the air. 1684
Peter (t/t/e), A Relation or Diary of the Siege of Vienna,
1765 T. Hutcuinson Hist. Mass. I. ii. 213 Goffe kept a
journal or diary. 1791-1823 D’Israeui Cur. Lit., Diaries,
e converse with the absent by letters, and with our-
selves by diaries, 1803 Med. Fru. X. 305 As I kept no
diary during the prevalence of the influenza, I send what
I can recollect. 1889 Jessorr Coming of Friars iii. 130 In
the thirteenth century men never kept diaries or journals ..
but monasteries did. J/od. The entries of a private diary.
attrib. 1891 Pall Mail G. 25 Apr. 2/3 ‘The plaintiff gave
peculiar diary accounts of about fifty meetings with the
defendant. . ‘
2. A book prepared for keeping a daily record,
or having spaces with printed dates for daily
memoranda and jottings; also, applied to calen-
dars containing daily memoranda on matters of
importance to people generally, or to members of
a particular profession, occupation, or pursuit.
A diary in this sense may vary in size from a folio volume,
large enough to hold a detailed daily record in sense 1, to
a small pocket-book with daily spaces only for the briefest
notes, or merely with printed memoranda for daily reference.
1605 B. Jonson Volpone iv. i, This is my diary, Wherin
I note my actions of the day. 1642 Howe.t sor. Trav.
(Arb.) 20 He must alwayes have a Diary about him .. to set
down what. .his Eyes meetes with most remarquable. 1662
J. Newron (¢t/e), A Perpetual Diary; or, Almanac. 1800
W. Rosson (¢it/e), The Persian Diary; or, Reflection’s
Oriental Gift of Daily Counsel. 1879 Print. Trades Fraud.
xxvii. 7 The left hand pages form a perpetual poetical
diary. Jbid. xxix. 6 The diary before us. .is a stout quarto,
1883 Whitaker's Alm. 456 The English Citizen's Diary ..
showing the days when certain Official Duties are to be
performed; also the days when Inland Revenue Licences
expire and must be renewed.
+3. Short for diary fever: see Dtary a. 1. Obs.
1639 Horn & Ros. Gate Lang. Uni. xxiv. § 310 A diary
is of one daies continuance, and runs not beyond that time.
1657 G. Starkey Helmont’s Vind. 164 The disease at the
first taking in hand was but a plain Diary. 1684 tr. Bonet’s
Mere. Compit. v1. 155 Hippocrates. .thought that all Fevers,
Diaries excepted, have their rise from choler.
Diary (deiari), a. [ad. med.L. didri-us daily,
f. dies day: cf. F. diazre (‘fievre ephemere ou
diaire’)}. 16th c. in Hatz.-Darm.]
1. Lasting for one day ; ephemeral.
1610 Barroucu Meth. Physick ww. ii. (1639) 218 All Diarie
feavers be ingendred of an outward Cause. 1611 W. ScLATER
Key (1629) 188 Those épijepor, diary dewy Christians, whose
goodnesse is dissipate as soone as euer the Sunne beholds
it. 1658 RowLtanp Mou/fet’s Theat. Ins. 948 These diary
creatures break forth out of certain husks of putrefied grapes.
1693 Phil. Trans. XVII. 660 A Diary Period ..may be
hence expected. 1707 Frover Physic. Pulse-Watch 122
Obstructions produce a diary Fever if small, but if great a
continent Fever. 1834 J. M. Goop Study Med. (ed. 4) 1. 596
‘There are few persons who have not felt this species of diary
fever at times, 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diary-fever, a fever
lasting one day; also called Ephemera.
+2. Daily. Obs.
1892 UnTtoN Cor. (Roxb.) 322, I doe kepe a diary memo-
reall of all the places of our marchinge and incampinge.
1603 Sir C, Hevpon Fudd. Astro. v. 147 Almanack-writers
foretelling the diarie state of the weather. 1623 Cockeram,
Diarie, daily.
Diasceuast, var. of DIASKEUAST.
|| Diaschisma (doiaski-zma). AZus. Also in 8
in anglicized form diaschism. [a. Gr. didoxiopa,
f. &acyxil-ev to cleave asunder, split.]
a. In ancient Greek music, a small interval equal
to about half a Diesis, b. In modern music, an
interval equal to the difference of the common
comma (80:81) and the enharmonic diesis (125 :
128), or to 10 schismas,
1753, CHAMBERS Cyc. we s.v., The octave contains 61
Diaschisms nearly. 1880 Starner & Barretr Dict. Aus.
Terms, Diaschisma (Gk.), an approximate half of a limma.
+ Diascord, Parm. Obs. Usually in L. form
diasco'rdium. [medical L. diascordium (also
mod.F.), for diascordién, from Gr. 5a oxopdiov
(a preparation) of oxdpd.0v scordium, a strong-
smelling plant mentioned by Dioscorides, ‘ perhaps
water-germander Zeucrium Scordium’ : see D1A-*.]
A medicine made of the dried leaves of Zeucriune
Scordium, and many other herbs.
1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. x. § 8 (1873) 140 Except it be
treacle .. diascordium .. anda few more. 1654 WuITLocK
Zootomia 121 What think you Sir of your what-sha’ come
Water and Diascord, sure it could not be amisse. 1797 J.
Downinc Disorders Horned Cattle 50 The diascordium
has its share in accomplishing the cure. 1820 Scorr Abbot
xxvi, With their sirups, and their julaps, and diascordium,
and mithridate, and my Lady What-shali-call’um’s powder.
+ Diasenna. Pharm. Obs. Also 6-7 diasene.
[medical L., f. Dra- 2+ Senna. Alsoa. F. déaséne,
diasenne (Paré, 16th c.).] A purgative electuary of
Vor, II.
|
821
which senna formed the base; the confection of
senna.
1562 ‘Turner Baths 10 Let the patient be purged with
electuarye lenitiuo or diasene. 1621 Burton Anat, Mel. 1.
v. 1. iv. (1651) 388 Polypody, Sene, Diasene, Hamech,
Cassia. 1657 Physical Dict., Diasena, a purging electuary,
good against quartan agues.
Diaskeuast (doiaskiz&st), Also diasceuast,
-scevast. [ad. Gr. daoxevaoris reviser of a poem,
interpolator, f. duacxevd ev, f. dd through + oxeva-
¢ev to make ready.] A reviser; used es. in refer-
ence to old recensions of Greek writings.
1822 Campbett in New Monthly Mag. IV. 195 They gave
the world materials which were capable of being moulded
by future diascevasts into grand and interesting poems.
1871 tr. Lange's Comm. Fer. 244 Vhe oversight of a dia-
skeuast whoradded this verse of the prophecy against Elam
as a postscript. 1886 A/henxum 30 Jan. 162/3 He has
taken upon himself..the part of a diasceuast, stringing
together a number of ‘ older lays’. : a
So || Diaskeu‘asis [| Gr. d:acxevaors |, revision (of
a literary work), recension.
1886 Ecceiine in Enxcycl. Brit. XXI1. 281 The authorship
of this work [Mahab s aptly attributed to Vydsa,
‘the arranger’, the perso ation of Indian diaskeuasis.
+ Bia'sper. Oés. Also 6-7 diasprie. [ad.med.
L. diasprum, It., Sp., Pg. déaspro jasper.] = JAspEr.
1582 Hester Seer. Phioray. 1. xv. 78 The other stone was
of Diasper, but bright and through shinyng with certaine
white vaines. 1592 R. D. Hypnerotomachia 53b, Not of
Marble, but of rare and hard Diasper of the East. 1638
Sir T. Hersert 7xav. (ed. 2) 108 Agats, Cornelians, Dia-
spries, Calcedons. .
\| reise aren (daijespora), [a. Gr. Staomopa dis-
persion, f. daoneip-ev to disperse, f. &a through
+ omeipe to sow, scatter.]
The Dispersion ; i.e. (among the Hellenistic Tews)
the whole body of Jews living dispersed among the
Gentiles after the Captivity (John vii. 35) ; (among
the early Jewish Christians) the body of Jewish
Christians outside of Palestine (Jas. i. 1, 1 Pet. i. 1).
Hence ¢vavs/f.: see quots.
(Originating in Deut. xxviii. 25 (Septuagint), €op Siaamopa
évy magas BagiAelats THs y7s, thou shalt be a diaspora (or
dispersion) in all kingdoms of the earth.)
1876 C. M. Davies Unorth. fond. 153 [The Mora
body’s] extensive déaspora work (as it is termed) of evangeliz-
ing among the National Protestant Churches on the con-
tinent. 1881 tr. Wed/hansen in Encycl. Brit. X11. 420/1
s. v. [svael, As a consequence of the revolutionary changes
which had taken place in the conditions of the whole East,
the Jewish dispersion (diaspora) began vigorously to spread.
1885 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 760s. v. Philo, The development
of Judaism in the diaspora differed in important points from
that in Palestine. 1889 Adin. Rev. No. 345. 66 ‘The mental
horizon of the Jews of the Diaspora was being enlarged.
Diaspore (doaiaspoe1). Afn. [mod. f. Gr.
&acropa scattering, dispersion: see prec. So called
by Haiiy, 1801, from its strong decrepitation when
heated.] Native hydrate of aluminium, an ortho-
rhombic, massive, or sometimes stalactitic mineral,
varying in colour from white to violet, commonly
associated with corundum in crystalline rocks.
1805 Davy in Phil, Trans. XCV. 161 The diaspore .. is
supposed to be a compound of alumine and water, 1873
Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 11) 371 The monohydrate is found
native, as diaspore. ;
porometer (doijx:sporym/ta1). [mod. f.
Gr. d:acropa dispersion (see above) + -(0)METER.]
An instrument for measuring the dispersion of rays
of light.
1807 T. Youn Lect, Nat. Phil. 11. 282 His [Rochon’s]
diasporometer is a compound prism.
asprie, var, DIASPER, Ods., jasper.
Diastaltic (doiasteltik), a. [f. Gr. dacrad-
tubs serving to distinguish, in Music ‘able to
expand or exalt the mind’, f. dacréAAev to sepa-
rate, put asunder, f. idapart + or€AAeuv to set, place,
dispatch, send. Cf. F. dastaltigue.]
1, In ancient Greek music: a. Dilated, extended:
applied to certain intervals. b. Applied to astyle
of melody fitted to expand or exalt the mind.
1774 Burney Hist, Mus, (1789) I. v. 61 Melopecia was
divided into three kinds ..the second, Diastaltic or that
which was capable of Senet. g
2. Phys.‘ A term applied by Marshall Hall to
the actions termed reflex, inasmuch as they take
place through the spinal cord’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.).
Diastaltic nervous system, term for the spinal nervous
system.
(Diastaltic appears to be here taken as = /ransmeissive.]
1852 M. Hatt (¢ét/e), Synopsis of the Diastaltic Nervous
System. 1855 Garrop JZat. Med. (ed. 6) 238 A reduction
and final abolition of the diastaltic function of the spinal
cord. 1879 Cornh. Mag. June 700 Is there anything in
your essay about our diastaltic nerves?
Diastase (doi-astéis). Chem. [a.mod.F. diastase,
ad. Gr. d:doracts separation: see next.
1833 Paven ET Persoz Ann. Chim. et Phys. LILI. 76
Cette singuliére propriété de séparation nous a determinés &
DIASTIMETER.
ee tay obtained asa white amorphous substance, of unknown
analysis (Watts Dict, Chem). It is found throughout the
vegetable kingdom, in the infusoria, and in various secre-
tions, etc., in the higher animals (Syd. Soc. Lex.).
| 1838 T. THomson Chem. Org. Bodics 666 Diastase..is a
name given by MM. Payen and Persoz, to a substance
which they extracted from malted barley. 1846 J. Baxrer
Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 19 During the germination,
some of the elements .. in the grain form a fresh compound,
which acts as a ferment. ‘This compound is called .. dia-
stase, the effect of which is .. to turn all the starch .. first,
into gum, and then into sugar, 1863-72 Warts Dict. Chem,
II. 319 Neither potatoes nor cereals contain diastase before
germination. 1894 Lancet 3 Nov. 1045 An extremely active
poison, delicate, resembling the diastases or venoms.
Hence Diasta'sic, a. = Di, a
1886 W. Jaco Chem. Wheat 128 The bacteria cause more
or less change in albuminoids, but exert no diastasic action.
|| Diastasis (doiestasis). ath. [mod.L.,
a. Gr. SidoTaos separation, f. ba apart + ordous
placing, setting, f. root ora- stand.) Separation
of bones without fracture, slight dislocation ; also,
separation of the fractured ends of a bone.
1741 Monro Anat, Bones (ed. 3) 39 A Diastasis, or other
violent Separation of such disjoined Pieces of a Bone. 1883
in Syed. : Cems
Diastatic (doidste tik), a. [ad. Gr. dkactarinds
separative, f. ia apart + orarieds causing to stand,
f. root ora- stand.) Pertaining to or of the nature
of diastase, ;
1881 ATKINSON in Vature No. 622.510 The opinion that the
diastatic property is connected with the degree of solubility
of the albuminoid matter, 1883 4 theneuim 10 Nov. 606/3
Lacquer contains..a peculiar diastatic body containing
nitrogen.
Hence Diasta‘tically a/v., after the manner of
diastase.
1882 tr. Zausing’s Beer 291 (Cent. Dict.) The diastatically
acting albuminous substances.
+ Diasta‘tical, a. Obs. rare [f. as prec. +
-AL.] Characterized by transplantation.
1656 S. Bouton (/7tle), Medicina Magica, tamen Physica:
Magical, but Natural Physick ; or, a Methodical ‘Tractate
of Diastatical Physick ; containing the general Cures of all
Infirmities, by way of ‘Transplantation,
Diastatite (doije'statait). A/7v. [mod. f. Gr.
bidorat-.s divided, separated + -1rE.] A black
variety of Hornblende, so called (by Breithaupt
1832) as differing in the form of its crystals,
1850 Dana A/in, 273.
Diastem (doiastem). fad. Gr. &aotnpa: sce
next. Cf. F. déasfome (1732 Trévoux .] In ancient
Greek music, an interval; esf. an interval forming
a single degree of the scale.
1694 Hotprr /7eat. Harmony vi. 110 Diastent signifies
an Interval or Space; Syste, a Conjunction or Composi-
tion of Intervals. So that, generally speaking, an Octave,
or any other System, might be truly call’d a Diastem. ."Tho'
.. Strictly, by a Diastem they understood only an Incom-
posit Degree. 1727-51 Cuampers Cycl., Diastem, Diastema,
in music, a name the antients gave to a simple interval; in
contradistinction to a compound interval, which they called
a system, 5
|| Diastema (doiast7“ma’. 11. diastemata. [L.
diastéma, a. Gr. bidotnpa space between, interyal.]
1. Mus. =prec.
1398 ‘Trevisa Barth, De P. R. xix, exxxi. (1495) 941 Dya-
stema is couenable space of two voyces other of moo accord-
ynge. 1727-51 [sce prec. ]}.
. Zool. and Anat. An interval or space between
two consecutive teeth, or two kinds of teeth, occur-
ring in most mammals except man.
1854 OweEN in Orr's Circ. Sc. Organ. Nat. I. 235 A long
diastema is not .. peculiar to the horse. /did. 298 In all
the apes and monkeys of the Old World. .the same number
and kinds of teeth are present as in man; the first deviation
being the disproportionate size of the canines and the con-
comitant break or ‘diastema’ in the dental series for the
reception of their crowns when the mouth is shut. 1871
Darwin Desc. Man I. xix. 324 Canine teeth which project
*above the others, with traces of a diastema or open space
for the reception of the opposite canines.
Diastematic (doi:ist¢metik), a rare. ? Obs.
| [ad. Gr. b:aornpatix-ds separated by intervals : see
prec. and -1¢.] Characterized by intervals.
1798 Horstey in Monthly Rev. XXVI1. 288 Ask Aristox-
enus [etc.] in what the difference consists between speaking
and singing; they tell you..‘ That the one is a continuous
motion; the other diastematic. ‘That the continuous is the
motion of the voice in discourse; the diastematic, in singing’.
Diaster (daij'sta:). Bzo/. Also dy-. [mod.
f. Gr. &-, Di-2 twice + dornp star.] The double
star of chromatin filaments which forms the pen-
ultimate stage in the division of a single cell-
nucleus into two. :
1882 J. T. Cunnincuam in Yrnd. Microsc. Soc. Jan. 43
The threads travel towards the poles, forming a dyaster
(note, This term I take from Klein in his A tas of Histology,
1880), 1885 E. R. Lanxester in Fucycl. Brit. X1X. 833
A polar star is seen at each end of the nucleus-spindle, and
is not to be confused with the diaster.
Hence Dia‘stral a.
1894 Atheneum 24 Nov. 719/3 As to the spindle fibres ..
1
donner & la substance qui la posséde le nom de diastase qui
exprime précisément ce fait.]
A nitrogenous ferment formed in a seed or bud
(e.g. in barley and potatoes) during germination,
and having the property of converting starch into
sugar,
during the diastral stage of the division they [etc.].
Diasti'meter. [irreg. f. Gr. dao7aots interval,
distance + -METER.] An instrument for measuring
distances. 2
1851 Official Catal. Exhib. 111. 1115 Improved diastimeter
for the use of the army. 4i*
DIASTOLE.
| Diastole ay Act [med.L., a. nga
a asunder, separation, ¢: sion, dilatation,
f. saan, pen f. 6a asunder ‘Dea: 1) +aTéd\Aav to
, place, send, etc. Cf. F. diastole (14th c. in
atz.-Darm.).]
1. Pays. dilatation or relaxation of the heart
or an artery (or other pulsating organ in some
lower animals), rhythmically alternating with the
systole or contraction, the two together constituting
the pulse. (Formerly sometimes applied also to
the dilatation of the lungs in inspiration.)
1578 Banister Hist. Man vu. 93 Diastole [is] when the
hart in his dilatation receiueth in of spirit. 1615 Danret
m's Arcadia Poet. Wks. (1717) 187 The Systole and
cone of your Pulse Do shew your Passions most hys-
terical. 1660 Bovis Vew Exp. Phys. Mech, Digress. 350
The Systole and Diastole of the Heart and Lungs, being
very far from Synchronical. a1711 Ken Hymnotheo Poet.
Wks. 1721 III. 79 His Heart a sudden gentle opning feels;
It seem’d no more by Systole compress’d, But in a fix
Diastole at rest. 1835 Kirsy Had. & Inst. Anim. 1. v. 174
Nutrition seems carried on by a kind of systole and diastole,
the sea water being alternately absorbed and rejected by
the tubes composing the substance of the sponge. 1880
Hox.ey Cray/ish ii. 74 When the systole is over the diastole
follows.
Jig. 1831 Cariyte Sart. Res. u. iii, As in longdrawn
Systole and a aeoat Diastole, must the period of Faith
alternate with the period of Denial. 1849 De Quincey Eng.
Mail-coach Wks. 1862 IV. 298 The great respirations, ebb
and flood, systole and diastole, of the national intercourse.
3872 Geo. Erior Middlem. \xiii, There must be a systole
and diastole in all inquiry.
2. Gr. and Lat. Prosody. The lengthening of a
syllable naturally short.
1580 Spenser 70 Master G. H. Wks. (Globe) App. ii. 709/r
Heaven being used shorte as one sillable, when it is in verse
stretched out with a Diastole, is like a lame dogge that
holdes up one legge. 1657 J. Smitn Myst. Rhet.177. 1
. Harris Lex. Technu., Diastole .. Tis also the making
jong a Syllable which is naturally short.
3. Gr. Gram. A mark (originally semicircular)
used to indicate separation of words ; still occasion-
ally used, in the form of a comma, to distinguish
i,m, 8,7, neut. of Saris, Sore, from St (that), Gre
when).
1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn. 1833 E. Rosinson tr. Butt-
man's Grk. Gram. 45 From the comma must be distin-
guished the Diastole or Hypodiastole—which serves more
clearly to separate some short words connected with en-
clitics, in order that they may not be confounded with other
similar words.
Diastolic (daiastg lik), a. Phys. and Med. [f.
prec. +-Ic.] Of or pertaining to diastole.
a 1693 Urqunart Raédelais ui. iv, By its [the heart's)
agitation of Diastolick and Systolick motions. 186% T.
Granam Pract. Med. 365 A second or diastolic sound, syn-
chronous with the diastole of the heart. 1877 Hux.ey
Anat. Inv. Anim. ii. 77 This systolic and diastolic move-
ment usually occurs at a fixed point in the protoplasm.
Diastral: see DiasTer.
Diastrophism (doai;x'strofizm). Geol. [f. Gr.
&acrpopy distortion, dislocation, ddaTpopos
twisted, distorted, f. dacrpépew to turn different
ways, twist about, f. 84 (Dra-1) + orpépew to
turn: see -IsM, and cf. catastrophism.]
A general term for the action of the forces which
have disturbed and dislocated the earth’s crust,
and produced the greater inequalities of its surface.
Hence Diastrophic (daiistrg'fik), of or pertaining
to diastrophism. (Also, otherwise employed in
quot. 1881.)
3881 J. Mitne in Nature XXV. 126 Other [earthquake
shocks] again are compounded of direct and transverse
ae and might therefore be called diastrophic. 1890
G. K. Gisert Lake Bonneville i. 3 note (Funk) It is con-
venient also to divide diastrophism into orogeny. .and epei-
rogeny. 1895 J. W. Powerit Physiogr. Processes, in Nat.
Geogr. era gi I. 1. 23 Regions sink and regions rise and
the upheaval and subsidence may be called diastrophism,
and we have diastrophic processes.
le (dai-astail), a. and sb. Arch. Also
6-8 in L. and Gr. form diastylos. [mod. ad. L.
diastylos, Gr. didarddos ‘having a space between
the columns’; also ad. Gr. dacr’Acov the inter-
columnar space; f. 54 through + o7dAos pillar.]
A. adj. Of a colonnade or building ; Having the
intervals between the columns of three (or
four) diameters (in the Doric order, of 23). B. sé.
Such a colonnade or building, or such an interval
between columns.
whose .. distaunce
ers Or .4. at y*
| of a fourth.
322
pera dicule, f. — ~ —_
, Tidicule, thr » apart +
to drag.] A figure of rhetoric expressing dis-
ent or ridicule.
Panu fasyrmus (Grk.), a figure in Rhetorick, i
we vais any ae or thing esha destin.
1757 W. Dopp Beauties Shaks. 1. 97 (Jod.) We have a
beautiful in Richard the Third (act 1, sc. i) on this
topick in that fine diasyrm he speaks on himself.
Diat(e, obs. form of Dier.
+ Diata‘ctic, 2. Oés. [ad. Gr. diararinds
distinguishing, distinctive, f. dardocew to dispose
severally, appoint, ordain, f. 54 apart + tdocer to
set in order.] Of or pertaining to order or arrange-
ment, sfec, as exercised by the Church ; ordaining.
Also + Diata‘ctical a. in same sense.
S. Botton Arraignm. Err. 284 The Diatactick
/bid., The severall branches laid down by Holy and
wer,
| Pete men, viz. Dogmaticall, Diatacticall and Critical.
| The first hath relation to Doctrine; the second to Order;
the third to Censure. T. Forrester in Wodrow Hist.
Suff. Ch. Scot. (1829) 11. 11. ix. 253 All power or jurisdiction
in its assemblies either diatactic, critic, or dogmatic. 1688
Renwick Serm., efc.(1776) 538 The diatactick power, whereby
the courts of Christ are to discern the circumstances of the
| worship of God as to time, place, etc.
|| Diatessaron (daiate’sirgn). Also 5-6 dya-,
5-7 diatesseron, 6 diathesaron. [a. OF. diates-
saron (Godfr.), a. L. diatessaron, Gr. ia reacapov
| through or composed of four.]
+1. In Greek and medizval music: The interval
(Cf. Diapason, DIAPENTE.) Ods,
1398 [see Diapason 1]. 1413 Piler. Sowle (Caxton) v. i.
(1859) 72 Ofte amonges other, the lusty Dyatesseron felle in
they songes. 1549 Comfl. Scot. vi. 37 Mony smal birdis..
singand ..in accordis of mesure of diapason prolations, tripla
ande dyatesseron. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 107 The Confords
in Musick.,the Fourth which they call Diatesseron. 1694
Phil. Trans. XV111.70 A Diapente added to a Diatessaron
makes a Diapason. 1857 Maurice A/or. & Met. Philos. U1.
v. § 27. 183 The circle. .the diatessaron in music, and the
like are certain stable forms.
+2. In old Pharmacy, a medicine composed of
four ingredients: see quot. 1883. Ods. [D1a- 2.]
¢ 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 264 He shal holde in his moub
tirlacum diatesseron. 1577 Frampton Yoyful News (1580)
119 a (Stanf.) The triacle Diathesaron. 1698 Fryer Acc.
£. India & P. 157 That enervating Liquor called Paunch..
DIATHERMOMETER.
translation of Melloni’s paper in Taylor's S Memeoi:
1837, I. 72, diathermancy bud Ghee
nglish have used it in the sense of Mel-
loni's diathermanéité, For these and other i
Papal es
“nega Se as ee es with
most have inued to employ diath: dia-
thermancy, the latter in the sense not of Melloni’s diather-
mansie, but of his diathermané?té or dit asie.}
+1. orig. ‘The property, possessed by radiant heat,
of being composed of rays of different i-
bilities, varying in rate or degree of transmission
through diathermic substances ; THERMOCHROSY ;
also called heat-colour. Obs.
if Mettont in Ann. Chim. et Phys. LV.
teinte calorifique.) transl. in Taylor's Scientific Mem.
I. 61 The calorific 4 ; o
| diathermanous ; perviousness to radiant heat; =
from Five Ingredients ; as the Physicians name their Com- |
position Diapente ; or from Four things, Diatesseron. 188:
Syd. Soc. Lex., Diatessaron, old name for a medicine
gentian and Aristolochia rotunda roots, laurel berries, and
myrrh, made into a confection with honey and extract of
juniper; anciently used as alexipharmic.
3. A harmony of the four Gospels.
From the title of the earliest work of the kind, the 2nd
century EvayyéAvov ba reoodpwr, ie. ‘gospel made up of
four’, of Tatian.
1803 T. THixtwatt (fit/e), Diatessaron ; or the History of
our Lord Jesus. 1805 R. Warner (¢/t/e), The English Dia-
| tessaron ; or the History of Christ, from the*compounded
| Texts of the Four Evangelists.
1831 Macautay £ss., Bos-
qwell’s Fohnson (1854) 174/2 Who would lose, in the confusion
of a Diatessaron, the peculiar charm which belongs to the
narrative of the disciple whom Jesus loved? 1887 Dict.
Chr. Biog. IV. s.v. Tatianus, Tatian’s Diatessaron found
| acceptance in the West as well as in the East.
Hence + Diatessa‘rial a. Ods., belonging to a
diatessaron (sense 1).
1501 Douctas Pal. Hon. 1. xli, Proportionis fine with sound
| celestiall, Duplat, triplat, diatess
Diathermacy. [ad. F. diathermasie (Mel-
loni, 1841), ad. Gr. dk:aBeppaciaa i
f. ba through + Gepyacia heat. This Eng. form,
which would regularly have been diathermasy, is
conformed to words in -acy.] The quality of being
diathermic ; =DIATHERMANCY 2. :
1867 W. A. Mitter Elem. Chem. 1. (ed. 4)
superior to pure water in diathermacy. 1870 Marr. Wi-
tiams Fuel of Sun § 113 Any degree of diathermacy per-
mitting radiation to take .- across the flame, 1877
Warts Dict. Chem, V. 61 [see Diatnermic).
thermal (daiips-smil), a. Ofs. [f. Gr.
+ Dia’
8:4 through (Dra- 1) + Toerman (Gr. @epy-ds warm,
Oépy-n, Ocpp-dv heat): rendering F. diathermane ;
see next.] =Dr1aTHERMIC, DIATHERMANOUS.
1835 Farapay tr. Melloniin Z. & £. Phil. Mag. VII. 475
(tite), On the Immediate transmission of Calorific Ra:
through Diathermal Bodies.
ys
Diath (daiaps-amansi). Physics. a
F. diathermansie, = by ——_ rate m
Gr. 5a t h + 6éppavas heating, f. b«p, vto
heat. The Preach ending follows the analogy of
es dee for Gr. mapddvors. The Eng. ing
simulates the -rcy of transparency, buoyancy.
furdest. . Harris . Techn., Diastyle, is a sort of ~ 4
edifice, what? illars tar ok sath § dente tae trom Melloni’s original erm was diathermandt, fom
, that three Di of their thick are allow'd | thermane adj. (Ann, Chim, et Phys, 1833, LIL. 59, LV.
for Intercolumniation. 1725 Henvey tr. Montfaucon's Antig, | Phil. Mag. 1835 VII. 476); the latter was, t re to him,
/taly (ed. 2) 18 The ancient Colonnade .. is a Diastylos of | ‘f da+é » in imitation of diaphane, f. da+aivo
sixteen fluted Columns, 1842-76 Gwitt Archit. $2605 The | t0 show.’ But the analogy was not exact: diaphane is not
ancient names ., of the different intercolumniations .. are— | derived from did and only from the same root; and
the Ayenostyle..the systple..the eustyle the diastyle..and | in eupnairw, aire does not belong to the root, but ita verbal
acme i 1856 2 a it. Ins: — 358 —_ a Booms nat ben ahhonatien diate a
b the columns is a di and a half of the column, ous. 10 oa ;
systyle when it is two diameters .. diastyle when three. eciiare , Niue jeepers bor yom 5 a wn
Tg ps, reed ge descnnas Rhet. [ad. Gr. d:acup- i? core = oe Sea eel y %
pés, La } t, ridicule,
appears not to have been generally appreciated ; in the Eng.
[ MELton! in Ann. Chim,
leurs introduites dans un milieu diap jours
plus ou moins sa diathermanéité.) 1837 transl. in ‘Taylor's
Scientific Mem. 1.72 The colours introduced into a dia-
ph di always diminish its diat in a
—— or less degree. 1843 A. Smee Sources Phys. Sc. 194
The extent to which interposed bodies allow radiation is
called the extent of diathermancy. Wuewe t //ist.
Induct. Se. (ed. 3) 11. ‘Their power of transmitting heat,
which has been called diathermancy. 1863 Tynpaut //eat
ix. 296 Diathermancy bears the same relation to radiant heat
that transparency does tolight. 1893 Brit. Med. ¥rni.1 Apr.
684/1 Perhaps the diat y is the most striking feature
of mountain climates, as it affords an explanation of the
great solar temperatures which prevail during the day. .and
of the great nocturnal radiation.
et Phys. Ly. 396 Les cou-
Taylor’s Scient. Mem. 69 Variations prod:
thermaneity [diathermanéité) of white glass. 1854 J. Scor-
FERN in Or’s Circ. Sc. Chem. 276 The transmissibility of
heat (diathermaneity) of various laminew. 1877 Watts Dict.
Chem. V. 61 [see DiatuErnic].
+Diathermanism. 0s. [a. F. diather-
manisme (Larousse), f. diathermane.] = DIaTHER-
MANCY,
1858 Larpner Hand-bk. Nat. Phil. 372 (Title df section),
Diathermanons (doiipsuminas), a. [f. F.
diathermane (Melloni 1833) +-ous. For history of
the Fr. word see DIATHERMANCY.]
Having the property of freely transmitting radiant
heat; pervious to heat-rays; = DiaTHERMIC,
(Corresp. to transparent or diaphanous in relation
| to light.)
Scarcely —
1834 E. Turner Elem. Chem. 107 Melloni has. introduced
a distinct name diathermanous, to denote free i
toheat. 1854 J. Scorrern in Orr's Cire, Se. ra pees 4
have and non 1 it herw:
oe Aiath:
Larpner
tae Beg mo ind to be
Plates F
Hand-bk, Hydrost., etc. 371 The a
Certain
diat! was rock
+ Diathe'rmant, ¢. Ods. [f. DiarHermancy,
after t rent, , etc.) =prec.
1871 J. C. Warp Nat. Phil. 1 ock-salt..may be said
io be trasparent to heat, or an it called dlatheraant,.
Diathermic (daiipsumik), @. [ad. F. dia-
thermique (f, Gr. da through + eon, Oe pp-dv
heat: see -1C), substituted by Melloni for his
earlier term diathermane: see DIATHERMANCY.]
= DIATHERMANOUS,
diath
Chem.
with a solution
Se, I. 1, ii. 37
most
which ens
thermometer. [f. Gr. dd through +
Oepu-dv heat + mérpoy measure.] (See quot.) |
DIATHERMOUS.
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diathermometer, an instrument de-
signed to measure the thermal resistance of a body by regis-
tering the amount of transmitted heat.
the'rmous, 2. [f. Gr. 4 through + stem
of Oeppds hot +-ous.] = DiarTHERMIC.
1843 A. SMeE Sources Phys. Sc. 194 As a specimen of a
diathermous body, air is a capital example. 1885 M*Grr
in Amer, Frul. Sc. 3rd Ser. X XIX. 390 The solar accession
of the east half of the assumed ice-stream will be freely dissi-
pated through the diathermous forenoon atmosphere.
Diathe'sic, a. rare. [f. Diarues-is + -1¢.]
= DIATHETIC.
1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. 1884 L. Bracner Aéx-les-bains 1.
69 Their retrograde action on diathesic affections.
|| Diathesis (doije"p/sis). Pl. diatheses (-7z).
mod, L., a. Gr, 5d0ears disposition, state, condition,
~ SrarWéva to arrange, dispose.]
Med. A permanent (hereditary or acquired) con-
dition of the body which renders it liable to certain
special diseases or affections ; a constitutional pre-
disposition or tendency.
1681 tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Diathesis, the
affection or disposition. 1727-51 Cuambers Cycd., Diathesis,
aterm used by some writers in the same sense with consti-
tution. 1789 A. Crawrorp in A/ed. Commun. 11. 349 The
.. barytes is.. calculated to correct the scrophulous diathesis.
1879 Farrar St, Pau I. 490 The epileptic diathesis which
was the qualification of the Pythonesses of Delphi. 1885
F. Warner Phys. Expression xvi. 275 The tendencies in the
development of a child or adult may be studied by determin-
ben diathesis, as it is called.
» fig.
1651 Biccs New Disp. ? 236 An exotick Diathesis of cor-
ruption. 1861 Maine Awc. Lav ix. (1876) 340 Enormous
influence on the intellectual diathesis of the modern world.
1874 Bracke Sed/-Cult. Practically, there is no surer
test of a man’s moral diathesis than the capacity of prayer.
1877 F. Hart Eng. Ady. in -able 173 Helpless slaves of what
a metaphysician might call the sequacious diathesis.
Hence Dia:thesisa‘tion, ‘the rendering general
or systemic of an originally local disease ; as the
development into pyzmia of a simple abscess’.
Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883.
Diathetic (doiapetik), a. [f. Draruesis, on
Greek analogies: cf. antithesis, antithetic: see
-THETIC.] Of, pertaining to, or arising from dia-
thesis ; constitutional.
1866 Frint Princ. Med. (1880) 92 Diseases .. involving a
constitutional predisposition, or diathesis, are sometimes
distinguished as diathetic diseases. 1880 J. Epmunps in
Aled. Temp. Frnil. July 184 Diathetic conditions need. .ap-
propriate medical treatment. :
Hence Diathetically adv., ina diathetic manner,
constitutionally.
1883 I. C. Mann Psychol. Med. 346 They are related to
each other nutritionally and diathetically. i
Diatom (deiatgm). fad. mod.L. Diatoma, f.
Gr. S:drop-os cut through, cut in half, f. daréuvew
to cut through.] A member of the genus Dia/oma,
or, in a wider sense, of the Diatomacex, an order of
microscopic unicellular Algze, with silicified cell-
walls, and the power of locomotion, on which ac-
count they were formerly placed by many naturalists
in the Animal kingdom. ‘They exist in immense
numbers at the bottom of the sea, as well as in fresh
water; and their siliceous remains form extensive
fossil deposits in many localities.
The genus Déatoma is distinguished by having the frus-
tules, or individual cells, connected by their alternate angles
so as to form a kind of zig-zag chain: hence the name.
1845 Gray Ze?t. (1893) 332 Then the low, minute forms
and Conferve come ., ending with diatoms, transitions to
corallines through sponge, etc. 1853 W. Smirn British
Diatomacee 25 During the healthy life of the Diatom the
process of self-division is being continually repeated. 1858
C. P. Smytu Astron. Exper. Teneriffe 6 The countless mil-
lions of diatomes that go to make a feast for the medusz. 1862
Dana Aan. Geol. § 74 Microscopic siliceous shields of the
infusoria called diatoms, which are now regarded as plants.
[1865 Gosse Land § Sea (1874) 158 The name Diatoma ..
has reference to the readiness with which the strings or
chains in which most of the forms are aggregated may be
separated.] 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot, 260 The movements of
Diatoms are not altogether dissimilar to those of Desmids,
and even the silicification of the cell-wall..is found, though
to a smaller extent, in Closterium and other Desmids.
attrib, 1880 Carrenter in 19¢h Cent, No. 38. 605 Their
exquisitely sculptured cases, accumulating on the bottom,
form a siliceous ‘Diatom-ooze’, which takes the place in
higher latitudes of the white calcareous mud resulting from
the d gration of for iferal shells. 1893 A, H. S.
Lanpor Hairy Ainu 74 Beds of lignite, coal of inferior
quality, and diatom earth. _
tomaceous (doi:itgméi-fas), a. [f. mod.L.
Diatomacexw (f. Diatoma) + -o08: see prec. and
~ackous.] a. Of or pertaining to the order Déa-
tomacew, containing the Diatoms and their allies.
b. Geol. Consisting or formed of the fossil remains
of diatoms, as in ctatomaceous earth, deposits, etc.
ea J. D. Hooker in Brit. Assoc. Rept. 11. 83(Paser) On
the Diatomaceous Vegetation of the Antarctic Ocean. 1853
Kane Grinnell Exp. x\viii. (1856) 455 Filled with slimy
diatomaceous life. 1878 Huxiey Physiogr. xvii. 292 In dia-
tomaceous deposits the individual diatoms run into a sort of
opal. 1883 Cassed/’s Fam. Mag. 507/1 The best diatomaceous
earth is the ‘ Kieselguhr’ of Hanover, which serves for the
preparation of dynamite, .
So Diatoma‘cean, a member of the Diatomacew ;
=next. In mod. Dicts.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
823
Diato‘mean. [f. mod.L. Diatome-w (f. Dia-
toma) +-AN.] A diatomaceous plant, a diatom.
1853 Henrrey Ray Society's Bot. & Physiol. Mem. 360
Every Diatomean is formed by a siliceous shield and a soft
substance therein contained. ;
Diatomic (daiattp-mik), a~Chem. [f. Di- 2 twice
+drop-os AroM+-1¢.] Consisting of, or having,
two atoms; specifically applied to compounds
containing two replaceable atoms of hydrogen ;
sometimes used as = divalent.
1869 Roscor Elem. Chem. xxxiv. heading, Diatomic acids,
resulting from the oxidation of the glycols. /ééd. 417 It ..
is monobasic but diatomic. 1869 Ang. Mech. 12 Nov. 198/3
Elements .. classified as .. diatomic or bivalent, having two
attractions, ulphur, 1880 CLemensuaw Warts’ Atom.
Th. 119 note, The term diatomic molecules clearly and
correctly expresses molecules formed of two atoms.
Di:atomi‘ferous, «. [f. mod.L. Diatoma
DriatoM + -FERous.] Producing: or yielding dia-
toms. In mod. Dicts.
Diatomin (deijetomin). [f. as prec. + -1N.]
The yellowish-brown or buff-coloured pigment,
which colours diatoms and the brown alge.
1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 260 [In Diatoms] the green colour-
ing matter is concealed, as in the chlorophyll-granules of
the Fucacee, by a buff-coloured substance, Diatomin or
Phycoxanthin, f
Diatomist (doi,tomist’.
One who studies diatoms.
1881 Frul. Quekett Microsc. Club No. 46. 191, 1 should
like the attention of Diatomists to be drawn. .towards the
elucidation of the true sexual generation in these plants.
Diatomite (daijetomoit). [fas prec. + -1rv.]
Diatomaceous or infusorial earth.
1887 Sci. Amer. 12 Mar. 161/1 The fossil meal, diatomite,
or infusorial earth of the English.
[f. Gr.
[f. as prec. + -1sT.]
Diatomous (doije'témas), a A/in.
didrop-os cut through | see Diarom) + -ous.] ‘ Hay-
ing crystals with one distinct diagonal cleavage’.
1847 in Craic; and in later Dicts.
Diatonic (daiaty nik), a [a. F. diatonigue
(14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. déatonic-us, a. Gr.
diarovixds, f. Sudrovos, f. ia through, at the interval
of + révos tone.]
1. The name of that genus or scale of ancient
Greek music (the others being CHromaric and En-
HARMONIC) in which the interval of a tone was
used, the tetrachord being divided into two whole
tones and a semitone (as in each half of the modern
diatonic scale).
1603 Hottanp Plutarch's Mor, 1252 Before his time, al
Musicke was either Diatonique or Chromatique. 1694
Hotver 7veat. Harm. (1731) 102 The Diatonick had two
Colours; it was Molle and Syntonum. 1763 J. Brown
Poetry & Mus. v. 64 In the ancient Diatonic Scale..one
Semitone and two whole ‘Tones are ordained to succeed
each other invariably. — ieee
2. In modern music, denoting the scale which in
any key proceeds by the notes proper to that key
without chromatic alteration; hence, applied to
melodies and harmonies constructed from such a
scale.
[1597 Mortey /utvod. Mus. Annot., Diatonicunt is that
which is now in vse.] 1694 Hotprer 77eat. Harm. (1731)
114 In Diatonic Music there is but one sort of Hemitone ..
whose Ration is 16 to 15. 1726 Swirr /¢ cannot rain but
i pours, He sings .. with equal facility in the chromatick,
inharmonick, and diatonick stile. 1774 Burney Hist. Mus.
(ed. 2) I. ii. 23 In modern music the Genera are but two:
Diatonic and Chromatic. 1848 Rimpautt First Bh. Piano
gt, Diatonic, the natural scale; ascending by notes, con-
taining five tones and two,semitones. 1856 Comstock &
Hostyn Nat. Philos. (ed. 6) 234 What is called the gamut, or
diatonic scale. 1876 Macrarren Harmony (ed. 2) ii. 39 The
word Diatonic,—rendered through the tones by etymologists
—must have been intended to signify through the unin-
Stetted notes. 1879 G. Merepitu Lgoist xxi. (1889) 198
Crossjay’s voice ran up and down a diatonic scale.
b. fg. Of a normal or natural sort; free from
fancies or crotchets.
1871 Contemp, Rev. XVI. 649 The healthy diatonic nature
of Mr. Hutton’s chief preferences in literature.
Hence +Diatonical a. Obs. =D1ATonic; Dia~
to'nically adv., in a diatonic manner.
. 1597 Mortey Jntrod. Mus. Annot., This diuision is false
in the diatonicall kind of mnsicke. 1727-5 CuamBers
Cycl. s.v. Diapente, The diapente is a simple concord ; yet, if
considered diatonically, it contains four terms. 1774 BURNEY
Hist. Mus. 1. iv, 57 Taking. .two or more perfect chords of
the same kind diatonically.
Diatory, obs. form of Dizrary.
Diatribe (doi-atraib), sd. Formerly also in L.
form diatriba. [a. F. diatribe (15th c. in Hatz.-
Darm.), ad. L. diatriba a learned discussion, a
school, a. Gr. darpiBy a wearing away (of time),
employment, study, and (in Plato) discourse, f. dca-
TpiB-ev to rub through or away. ‘The senses in F.
and Eng. exactly correspond.]
1. A discourse, disquisition, critical dissertation.
arch,
1581 J. Bett Haddon’s Ausw. Osor. 246b, 1 heare the
sounde of an Argument from the Popish Diatriba. 7643
R. Baum Lett. §& Frauds. (1841) 11. 65 Some parergetic!
Diatribes of that matter. 1672 J/ede’s IWks, Gen. Pref. A,
That excellent Diatriba upon S. Marki. 15. 1683 Lond.
Gaz. No. 1820/4 The constant Communicant; a Diatribe,
DIAZOMA.
proving that Constancy in receiving the Lords Supper is
the indispensable Duty of every Christian, 1703 J. Quick
Dec. Wife's Sister Lett., Possibly this poor Diatribe may
contribute something thereunto. 1816 Kirpy & Sr. Extomo/.
(1828) II. xxiv. 397, I shall conclude this diatribe upon the
noises of insects. 1875 LowrLt Spenser Prose Wks. 18g0
IV. 273 A diatribe on the subject of descriptive poetry.
2. In modern use: A dissertation or discourse
directed against some person or work ; a bitter and
violent criticism ; an invective.
1804 Scotr Let. Ellis in Lockhart /7/ xiii, One must
always regret so very serious a consequence of a diatribe.
1830 CunninGHaM Brit. Paint. II. 132 On the appearance
of this bitter diatribe in 1797. 1850 Kincstry A/t. Locke
xxviii, A rambling, bitter diatribe on the wrongs and suffer-
ings of the labourers. 1854 ‘T'Hackeray Newcomes 11. 293
Breaking out into fierce diatribes. 1877 Morey Carlyle
Crit. Misc. Ser. 1. (1878) 201 The famous diatribe against
Jesuitism in the Latter-Day Pamphlets. Ch
Ilence Di‘atribe v. 2/7, to utter a diatribe; to
inveigh bitterly.
1893 -Va/ional Observer 6 May 630/1 Why diatribe against
the tradesmen of Liskeard ?
Di-atribist. [f prec. +-1s7.] One who writes
or utters a diatribe ; + the writer of a critical dis-
scrtation.
a@1660 Hammonp IJ} ’4s. IT. 1v. 134 (R.) The same I desire
may introduce my address to this diatribist. 1678 Cup-
wortH Lxted?, Syst. 1. iv. 190 Against a modern Diatribist.
Diatrion : see Dia-".
|| Diatypo'sis, Avet. [L., a. Gr. darvmwors
vivid description, f. 5:atumd-ev to form or represent
perfectly.] (See quot.)
1657 J. Smitu Adyst. Nhet. 251 Diatyfosis..A figure when
a thing is so described by mere words, that it may seem to
be set.. before our eyes. 1706 in Puittirs (ed. Kersey).
Diaulic (daijo lik), a. [f. Gr. diavdos (see next’
+ -1c.] Of or pertaining to, or of the nature of,
the diaulos or double course.
1837 WHEELWRIGHT tr. Aristophanes I. 225 Come they
thus arm’d to the diaulic course. ; :
|| Diaulos (deidlys). Gree. Antig. [Gr. biavdos
double pipe, channel, or course, f. &- (Di-*) +
avdcs pipe.]
1, A double course, in which the racers turned
round a goal and returned to the starting point.
1706 Puitiips (ed. Kersey), Diaulon, a kind of Race
among the Ancients, two furlongs in length, at the end of
which they return’d back along the same Course. a@a1859
De Quincey Post. Iks. (1891) I. 165 Eight days for the
diaudos of the journey. 1884 R. C. Jess in Encrcl. Brit.
XVII. 766 (Olympia) Beside the foot-race in which the
course was traversed once only, there were now the diaulos
or double course and the long foot-race.
2. An ancient Greek musical instrument; the
double flute.
Dia‘xial, «. rave. [f. Gr. &- (Di-*) twice
+Ax1aL.] Having two (optic) axes ;= BIAXIAL.
1843 J. Pereira Lect. Polarized Light 69 Another kind
+. is called by mineralogists prismatic, or diaxial mica.
| Diaxon (daijeksgn), a. Zool. [mod. f. Gr.
&- (Di-*) + adgwy axis.) Of sponge spicules:
Having two axes.
1886 Von LENDENFELD in Proc. Zool. Soc. (1886) 560 When
one of the rays of this tri-act spicule becomes rudimentary,
Diaxonia can theoretically be produced. It is, however,
advantageous to consider the diaxon spicules as part of the
Triavonia.
Diazeuctic (doiaziz-ktik), a. [ad. Gr. b:agevx-
tuxds disjunctive, f. da¢evyvvvar to disjoin, f. da
apart + Cevyviva: (stem (evy-) to join.] Disjunc-
tive; applied, in ancient Greek Music, to the in-
terval of a tone separating disjunct tetrachords ;
also to the tetrachords (= Disyuncr). So || Dia-
zeuxis [Gr. dia¢evges |, the separation of two tetra-
chords by a tone.
1698 Watuis in PAil. Trans, XX. 250 The Difference of
which, is Za mi, Which is, what the Greeks call, the Déa-
zeuctick Tone; which doth Dis-join two Fourths .. and,
being added to either of them, doth make a Fifth. 1760
Lbid. LI. 709 The position of the diazeuctic tone. 1874
Cuarrett Hist. Music 1, 129 At the base of each Octave
was a ‘diazeuctic’, or Major tone. 1880 Srainer & Barrery
Dict. Mus. Terms, Diasenxis.
Diazingiber, -zinziber: see D1a- *.
Diazo- (daijze'zo). Chem. [f. Di-2 + Azo-.] A
formative of the names of compounds derived from
the aromatic hydrocarbons, which contain two
atoms of nitrogen combined in a peculiar way with
phenyl (C, H,), as dtazo-benzene, diazo-naphthaline,
diazo-amido-benzene, etc. Also used attributively,
as in diazo compounds, derivatives, reaction.
1873 Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 11) 797 Whereby they were con-
verted into diazotoluenes. 1878 Law Reports 29 Ch. Div.
367 Naphthylamine is converted into its diazo compound by
the action of nitrous acid. 1880 FrisweLy in Soc. Arts Fru.
446 The diazobenzene formed at once attacks the free aniline
salt. 1880 Athenzum 13 Nov. 645/2 Action of Diazonaph-
thalin on Salicylic Acid. 1890 Lazcet 23 Aug. 413/1 The
so-called diazo reaction of urine .. A bright or carmine red
colouration denotes the diazo action,
Hence Dia‘zotype.
bsg Art Frul. Feb. 54 The Diazotype process, a method
of pl otographic dyeing and printing. :
|| Diazoma (daiazdwma). [L. diazdma space
between the seats in a theatre, a. Gr. d:4(wye girdle,
partition, or diaphragm, lobby in a theatre, f. da
41*-2
DIAZOSTER.
through, over + (@pa that which is girded, f. (wv-
viva to gird round.]
1, In the ancient Greek theatre: A semicircular
through the auditorium, parallel to its
outer border, and cutting the radial flights of steps
at right angles at a point about half way up.
1706 Puitiirs (ed. Kersey), Diasoma, a Girdle or Waste-
belt; also a broad Footstep on the Stairs of an Amphi-
theater, 1820 T. S. Hucues 7'vav. Sicily 1. xi: 335 (Stanf.)
It is of small dimensions, containing only one diazoma or
corridor.
+ 2. Anat, The diaphragm or midriff. Ods.
1706 Puituirs (ed. Kersey), Diazoma ..in Anatomy the
same with the Diaphragm or Midriff. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex.,
Diazoma, an old name. .for the diaphragm.
|| Diazo’ster. [a. Gr. d:afwornp the twelfth
vertebra in the back, f. &é through, over + (warnp
girdle, belt, f. (wvvdva to gird.] (See quots.)
1811 Hoorer Med. Dict., Diazoster, a name of the twelfth
vertebra of the back. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diazoster, old
name for the twelfth vertebra of the spinal column ; because
a belt girding the body is usually placed over it (Gorrzeus).
Diazotize (daije'zetaiz), v. Chem. [f. Di-2+
AZOTE + -1ZE: cf. azotize.] trans. To convert |
into a diazo compound. Hence Dia‘zotized ff/. a.
1889 M’Gowan tr. Bernthsen's Org. Chem. 361 The con-
version of amido- into diazo-compounds is termed diazotiz-
ing, 1892 Nature 28 July, The number of amidogen groups
which have been diazotized can be determined. 1890 l'HoRrE
Dict. Appl. Chem. 1. 247 Flavophenin .. prepared by the
action of diazotised benzidine (one molecule) on two mole- |
cules of salicyclic acid in alkaline solution.
Dib, s4.! dial.
v.!] A dip; a small hollow in the ground.
1847-78 Hatuiwett, Dis,a valley. North. 1869 Lonsdale
Gloss., Dib, a dip. 1876 F. K. Ronicon Whitby Gloss.,
Dib, a slight concavity on the ground's surface.
2. Comb. Dibboard, the dip or inclination of a
seam of coal. ANorthumbld. Gloss. 1892.
Dib, s/.2 Generally in g/. dibs. [Dzds, found
in the 18th c., was prob. a familiar shortening of
dibstones, mentioned by Locke. Prob. a deriv. of
Dis v.*: cf. the names DaBBers, and (dza/.) dads,
sire to a similar game, f. Das v.]
. fl. A game played by children with pebbles
or the knuckle-bones of sheep; also the name of
the pebbles or bones so used; see ASTRAGAL,
CHECKSTONES, COCKAL.
1730-6 Baixey (folio), Yds, a play among children. 1810
E. D. Crarke 7 raz. I. 177 This game is called ‘ Dibbs’ by
the English. 1867 H. Kincstey Si/cote of 5. xiii, His dibbs
and agate taws. 1888 Berksh. Gloss., Dibs, a game played
with the small knuckle bones taken from legs of mutton;
these bones are themselves called dibs. 18g0 J. D. Roserr-
son Gloucestersh. Gloss., Dibs, pebbles.
2. A counter used in playing at cards, ete. as
a substitute for money.
3. 7/. A slang term for money.
1812 H. & J. Saitu Key. Addr., G. Barnwell, Make nunky
surrender his dibs. 1867 Smytn Saélor’s Word-bk., Dibbs,
a galley term for ready money. 1868 Miss Brapvon Aun
to arth 111. ix, ‘You are the individual what comes down
with the dibbs.” 1883 Besant Garden air u. iii, To make
other beggars do the work and to pocket the dibs yourself.
4. =Dissixr. (In various Eng. dialects.)
1891 Leicestersh. Gloss., Dib, Dibber or Dibble, a pointed
instrument often made of a broken spade-handle, for making
holes for seeds.
Dib, sé.8 A local Sc. var. of Dus, a puddle.
1821 Gat Ann. of Parish 312 (Jam.) The dibs were full,
the roads foul. 1821 — Ayrsh. Legatees 100 (Jam.) He
kens the loan from the crown of the causeway, as well as
the duck does the midden from the adle dib.
Dib, v.! Ods. exc. dia/. [App. an onomatopeeic
modification of Dip v., expressing the duller sound
caused by broader contact. Cf Dip s6.!] ¢rans.
= Dip v.
¢1325 Metr. //om. 121 Jesus .. bad thaim dib thair cuppes
alle, And ber tille bern best in halle. ¢1570 Durham Deposit.
(Surtees) 100 Dib the shirt in the water, and so hang it upon
a hedge all that night. _ Barer 4 fv. D 653 ‘To Dibbe
or dippe. 1617 Minsneu Ductor, To Dibbe, vi. to Dippe.
1868 Atkinson Cleveland Gloss., Dib, To dip.
Dib, v2 [A derivative form from Das v.!, ex-
pressing an action of the same kind but weaker or
eet cf, the forms szf, suzp, “7p, and the redu-
plicating element in b7d/e-babble, tittle-tattle, pit-
pat, sig-sag, which expresses a weakened phase of
the notion expressed by the radical.
Sense 3 is also expressed by Dar, another derived form
from daé, in which the consonant is lightened ; also by Dor.
Here there may also be association with Dir.)
L. ¢rans. To dab lightly or finely: cf. Das v.1 2.
1609 Ev. Woman in Hum... i. in Bullen O. Pi. IV, Mistris
that face wants a fresh Glosse. Prethee, dib it in well, Bos.
2. intr. To is 9 or pat lightly: ef. Dab v.11.
1869 Buackmorr Lorna D. x, It is a fine sight to behold...
the way that they dib with their bills. a
3. intr. To fish by letting the bait (usually a
natural insect) dip and bob lightly on the water ;
=Dap v. 1, DIBBLE 2.2 2.
1681 Cuetnam A
[A variant of Dip 5é.: cf. Dip |
824
4. To dibble. :
in actual use only in mod. dial., but implied in
Disser, Dissinc-stick : see also Dissie.
7 Evans Leicestersh. Gloss., Dib and Dibble vb., to use
8 ibble’, Dibble is the commonest form, both of the sé,
%
Hence Di bbing 7//. sb.; Di-bbing-stick, a dibble.
1681 Cuetuam Angler's Vade-m, xxxiii. § 1 (1689) ie
Angling with a natural LA bageg dibbing, ing or di
bling). /did. § 2. 174 Dibbing is always perfo: on the
very surface..or permitting the Bait to sink for 2 inches.
1833 BowLker ro vy 3 27 The natural flies best adapted
for dibbing or bobbing at the bush. H. C, PennNet
Angler Nat. 154 A natural caterpillar, cockchafer, or grass-
h r, used with a short line by dibbing over the bushes.
1 Chesh. Gloss., Dibbin-stick, a stick used for planting
cabbages, etc. or making holes for sowing seed,
Dibar, obs. form of Diaper.
Dibasic (daibé'sik), a. Chem. [f. D1-? +
Base sb.1+-1¢.] Having two bases, or two atoms
of a base. Dz¢bastc acid: one which contains
two atoms of displaceable hydrogen. See Brbasic.
1868 Chambers Encycl. X. 462/2 When an acid admits of
the displacement of two atoms of hydrogen, it is termed
dibasic. 1869 Roscoe Elem. Chem. (1874) 365 The acids ..
of the second series are dibasic, 1880 CLemeNsHAW JVurtz'
Atom. The. 204 Oxygen and sulphur, the ‘dibasic’ character
of which was demonstrated by Kekulé.
Hence Dibasi‘city, dibasic quality.
1880 CLemensHAW Wurtz’ Atom. The. 179 The dibasicity
of tartaric acid.
Dibb, var. of Diz.
Dibber (di:ba1). [f. Drs v.2 (sense 4) +-ER!.]
1. An instrument for dibbling; a dibble; especi- |
ally, an implement having a series of dibbles or
teeth for making a number of holes at once.
1736 Peace Aenticisms, Dibble, 1 think they call it didber
in Kent. 1783 7rans..Soc. Encourag. Arts 1. 112, I
ploughed the land very deep, dressed the ground down, and
planted with hand-dibbers. 1797 A. Younc Agric. Suffolk
48 Aman..with a dibber of iron, the handle about three feet
long, in each hand, strikes two rows of holes. 1847 Rayn-
Bird in Jrul. R. Agric. Soc. VILL. 1. 215 By using a drop-
drill, or a larger dibber for making the holes. 1848 /éid.
IX. u. 548 Five cut sets [of hops] should be planted to
make a hill, which should be put in with a dibber around
the stick. ;
2. A/ining. The pointed end of an iron bar used
for making holes. U.S.
1871 W. Morcans Man, Mining Tools 158 The pointed
ends of bars are often slightly bent, to facilitate getting a
pinch and levering in certain positions. ‘The end is called
a ‘dibber’, for making holes.
Dibbin, dibben. 0¢s. or dial.
+1. In the leather trade: Part of a hide; perh.
the shank. Oés.
1603-4 Act 1 Fas. /, c. 22 § 35 The Neckes, Wombes, and
Dibbins, or ofer peeces of Offall cut of from the saide Backes
or Buts of Leather. :
2. dial. (See quot.)
1847-78 HALuweELt, Didden, a fillet of veal. Devon.
Dibble (di‘b’l), s6. Forms: 5 debylle, 6 dyb-
bil, 6-7 dible, 6- dibble. [In form belongin,
app. to Drs v.? (sense 4), -LE being instrumenta
as in deetle, or diminutive : cf. dtbber, dibbing-stick
in same sense. 2dble is however evidenced much
earlier than Dis v.2, which leaves the nature of
their relation doubtful.]
An instrument used to make holes in the ground
for seeds, bulbs, or young plants. In its simplest
form, a stout pointed cylindrical stick with or
without a handle; but it may also have a cross
bar or projection for the foot (/oot-dibble), or be
forked at the point, or furnished with several points
to make a number of holes at once.
c 1450 Nominale in Wr-Wiilcker 713 Hoc subterrarium,
adebylle. 1483 Cath. Angi. Debylle, tinacwn,
subterratorium. 1563 Hyit Art Garden, 128 With your
forked dibble, put vader the head, loose it so in the earth,
that [etc]. Levins Manip. 124/42 A dybbil.
‘Tusser //usd, (1878) 101 Throu i
mattock, and spade, By line by leauell, trim garden is
made. 16rx Suaks. Mint. T.1v. iv. 100 He not put The
Dible in earth, to set one slip of them. wap Bas S.§ B.C.
Words 64 A Dibble, an instrument to e holes in the
und with for setting beans, pease or the like.
Sriocer Fam, Dict. s.v. Dibble, There is a Dibble of a
modern Invention with several Teeth, the Body of it is
made of a light Wood, and the Teeth of a Wood that is
somewhat harder. 1818 Keats Endym. mi. 153 In Lage
time ne’er would I dibble take, Or ae: a ved 1859 R. F.
Burton Centr, Afr. in Frnl. Geog. Soc. XXIX. Eo Pea
le use a msaha or dibble, a chisel-shaped bit of iron,
with a socket to receive a wooden handle, 1861 Drtamer
Ft. Gard. 48 To plant them with the trowel or dibble.
+b. ?A moustache. Ods. slang. ;
1614 B. Jonson Barth, Fair u. iii, Neuer tuske, nor twirle
your dibble, good Iordane.
Dibble (di'b'l), v.! [f. Dissie sd]
1. “rans. ‘To make a hole in (the soil) with or
as with a dibble; to sow or plant by this means.
Zo dibble in (énto): to put in or plant by dibbling.
1583 Sranynurst 42neis 1. (Arb.) 110 So far is yt cram-
rnd with roote deepe dibled at 1791 Cowrer
Se 26A skipping, deer, With pointed hoof dib-
bling glebe. ‘ounG Agric. Suffolk 47 One
— near — +. dibbled 2 — 1799 Gentl.
‘ag. 1. 392 A woman em) ae beans, 1847-8
H. Yuri First lmpr. ix. (1839) 145 The clayey soil around
1727
| than from the dibbled.
DIBRACH.
it was dibbled thick .. by the tiny hoofs of sheep.
M. Arnotp Balder Dead i, 312 The soft. strewn snow
Under the trees js dibbled thick with holes, Baker
Nile Tribut. iv. 54 The seeds of the dhurra are dibbled in
about three feet apart.
transf, 1883 Six E. Becxerr in Kunow/. 31 Aug. 1402
‘The printer's passion for dibbling in a comma between every
two adjectives.
2. intr. To use or work with a dibble ; to bore
holes in the soil.
Mod. He was dibbling in his garden. .
Hence Di‘bbled f//. a.; Di'bbling vd/. sb.; also
in Comb., as dibbling-machine.
1795 Hull Advertiser 10 Oct. 3/3 If Dibbling, instead of
Broadcast, was wholly practised, it wou! i
1832 Veg. Subst. Food 38 Depositing the seed in holes .. at
regular intervals ., is called drilling, or dibbling. = J.
Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. 11. 210 It .-that drilling
with the hoe is much preferable to dibbli Jbid. There
was .. one quarter more pe geocene from the drilled crop
nicut Dict. Mech., Dibbling-
machine, one used for ing holes in rows for potato sets,
for beans, or other things which are planted isolated in
rows.
Dibble di-b'l), v.2 [Perhaps a derived form
from DasBLeE with lighter vowel: but cf. Dis
v.2 3.]
L. intr. = DABBLE 2. 2.
1622 Drayton Poly-olb. xxv. (1748) 366 And near to them
you see the lesser dibbling teale.
2. =Dis v.2 3, Dap v. 1.
1658 R. Franck North. Mem. (1821) 60 Dibble lightly on
the surface of the water. 1676 Cotton Angler (T.), This
stone-fly..we dape or dibble with, as with the drake. 1681
Cuetuam Angler's Vade-m, vii. § 2 (1688) 75 When you
angle at ground in a clear Water, or dibble with natural
Flies. 1833 Fraser's Mag. V11. 54 He .. bobs and dibbles
till he hooks his prey.
Hence Di-bbling v/. sd.
1676 Corton Angler u. v. 295 This way of fishing we call
Daping or Dabbing, or Dibling wherein you are always to
have your Line flying before you up or down the River as
the Wind serves. 1 Sat, Rev. V. 569/2 Dibbling for
trout he considers a high achievement.
Di‘bble-da‘bble. co//og. or dial. [Reduplica-
tion of DaBBLk, the form expressing repetition
with alternation of intensity, as in dzbble-babble,
tittle-tattle, sig-cag, etc.) Ut, An irregular course
of dabbling or splashing; fig. rubbish; also, up-
roar with violence.
c1gso Bate A. Yohan (Camden) 7
dable I marveil ye can abyd such byble bab: C’ress.
Cowrer in M/rs. Delany's Life & Corr. Ser. 1. (1862) I.
It turned out such a dibble-dabble. ..We have =
weather before March came. 1825 Jamieson, Dibdble-dabble,
Foren accompanied with viol . 1847-78 HALuiweit,
ibble-dabble, rubbish, North.
Dibbler (di-ble:). [f. Dissre v.1+-r1.]
1. One who dibbles.
1770-4 A. Hunter Georg. Ess. (1804) Il. 356 One dibbler
poe undertakes the business of one gang. 1 A.
ounG Agric. Suffolk 49 note, A one-horse roll to level the
i or furrow, for the dibblers. : ae
. An agricultural implement used in dibbling ;
They are but dyble
les
| a machine dibble.
1847 //lustr. Lond. News 24 July 58/1 For the best horse
rere 3874 Knicut Dict. Mech. 1. 699/1 Dibblers
[figured]. 1884 4 ¢henaum 6 Dec. 736/2 Drills, seed planters
and dibblers.
3. A species of o m: see quot.
1850 A. Waite Pop. Hist. Mammalia 166 The Antechinus
aq icalis of = Gray, which is called the ‘ Dibbler’ at King
's Sound.
Dibbler, dial. f. DovstEr, large plate.
Dibchick : see Dascuick B.
Dibenzo-. Chem. See Di- 2 and Benzo-.
Dibenzoyl. Cem. A synonym of Benzite
Cy, Hyp Oy, as having the formula of two molecules
of the radical Benzoyi. Also in Comd.
Dibenzyl. Chem. [f. Di-2 + Benzyu.J An
_ aromatic hydrocarbon crystallizing in large colour-
1573
cunning with dible, Pe a
i
less prisms, having the formula of two molecules
of the radical benzyl. Also in Comd, and attrid.,
as dthensyl-methane, dibensyl ketone.
Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 11) 763.
Dib-hole. Mining. [app. f. d6, variant of Dus
+Ho.x.] The hole at the bottom of the shaft,
which receives the drai of a mine, in order
° its being pumped to surface; also called
UMP,
C. : was being brought
are vane Naan Tie cote wen queciganan ae ieee
hole and the scaffolding smashed, ee ie 11 Jan.
3/6 Examining the dib hole at the bottom of the pit shaft.
Diblastula (doiblestizla). wij
+ mod.L. d/astula BLAstULE.] stage ©
the embryo of multicellular animals at which it
consists of a vesicle inclosed by a double layer of ~
cells; =GASTRULA.
1890 E.R. Lanxester Adv. Science 348 Theterm ‘diblastula’
peer recently been adopted in England for the ‘gastrula’
Dibrach (dai'brek). rare. [ad. L. didrachys,
ad. Gr. 8i8paxus of two short syllables, f. 5:- two
+ Bpaxvs short.] In Gr. and L. prosody: A foot
consletny ene eee? apne Pol
In mod. Di
ae
ea Pe Te ey
DIBRANCH.
Dibranch (doibrenk). Zool. [ad. F. ae-
branche(s, f. Gr. bi (Di-*) + Bpayxea gills of
fishes.] A dibranchiate cephalopod ; see next.
1877 Le Conre dem. Geol. 1. (1879) 305 If we divide all
known Cephalopods into Dibranchs (two-gilled) and ‘Tetra-
branchs (four-gilled). . The naked or Dibranchs are decidedly
higher in organization,
Dibranchiate (deibrenkict), a. and sd. Zool.
[f. mod.L. débranchidta, f. as prec. : see -ATE~.]
A. adj. Belonging to the Debranchiata, an order
of cephalopods having two branchiz or gills. B.
sb. A cephalopod belonging to this order.
1835-6 Toop Cycl. Anat. 1. 520/1 The Dibranchiate Order
of Cephalopods. _/did. 528/2 The..suckers with which the
..arms of the Tihesnchiates are provided. 1875 BLakE
, Zool. 244 In the dibranchiate Cophalopads, the animal is
swimming. _ ;
So Dibra‘nchious a., ‘having two branchiz or
gills.” Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883.
Dibromide (deibrawmoaid, -mid). Chem. [f.
Di-2 + Bromipr.] A compound of two atoms of |
bromine witha dyad element or a radical, as e¢hzne
dibromide C, Hy, Br.
1869 Roscor Elem. Chem. 362 Ethylene diamines. .obtained
by acting with ammonia on ethylene dibromide. 1873
Fownes’ Chem, (ed. 11) 560 Ethine unites with bromine,
forming a dibromide.
Dibromo-, before a vowel dibrom-. Chen.
[f. Di-2 + Bromo-.] A combining element, ex-
pressing the presence in a compound of two atoms
of bromine, which have replaced two of hydrogen,
as atbromaldehyde CH Bry - CHO.
1873 ownes' Chem. (ed. 11) 680 Dibromacetic Acid is ob-
tained by the further action of bromine upon bromacetic
acid. Jézd. 759 Dibromobenzene exhibits two modifications.
1880 CLemensHaw Warts’ Aton. Th. 285 Dibromopropyl
alcohol .. which is the result of the direct action of bromine
a allyl alcohol.
ibs (plural): see Dis sd.2
Di‘bstones, <2. A/. [See Dip 56.2] The names
of a children’s game: the same as débs or dab-
stones.
1692 Locke Educ. § 152, I have seen little Girls exercise
whole Hours together and take abundance of Pains to be
expert at Dibstones as they call it. 1775 Asu, Didbstone, a
play among children, a little stone to be thrown at another
stone. Addison. __
Dibu'tyl, Dibutyro-. Chem. See Dr-* and
Bury.. 3
+ Dica‘cious, @. Ods.—° [f. L. déedx, dicace-
talking shayply + -ous.] Pert of speech, saucy.
1830 Maunver 7yeas. Knowd., Dicacious, talkative, pert.
Hence + Dica*ciousness.
1727 Baiwey vol. II, Dicaciousness, talkativeness.
Dicacity (dikz’siti). Ods. or arch. [f. L.
dicax, dicac-em, sarcastic (f. déc- stem of dicére to
say, speak) +-1ry.] A jesting or mocking habit of
speech; raillery, banter; pertness. (Sometimes after
L. dicére: Talkativeness, babbling. )
1592 Bacon Confer. Pleasure (1870) 8 Vespasian, a man
exceedinglie giuen to the humor of dicacitie and iesting.
1637 Hrywoop Dia/. iv. Wks. 1874 VI. 185 His quicke
dicacitie Would evermore be taunting my voracitie. a 1670
Hacker Ad, Williams u. (1692) 133 Lucilius, a centurion,
in Tacitus Annal. lib. 1, had a scornful name given him by
the military dicacity of his own company. 1751 Byrom
Enthusiasm Poems 1773 11. 23 To remit the freedom of
inquiry..for their dicacity. 1840 New Monthly Mag. LX.
55 Between human eloquence, and the dicacity of the parrot
. there is all the difference in the world.
+Dicwarch. Ods.rare—°. In 7 dice-. [f.
Gr. dixai-os just + -apxos ruler.] (See quot.) So
also + Diceearchy.
1656 BLount Glossogr., Dicearchy (dicearchia\, just govern-
ment, Dicearck (dicearchus), ajust Prince. 1658 Pitts,
Dicearch. i” is
Diceology (deisé\glodzi). Also 7 dice-. [ad.
L. dicwologia, a. Gr. dieatodoyia a plea in defence, f.
dixaco-s righteous, just + Aoyéa account, speech.]
+1. A description or account of jurisdiction. Ods.
cee J. Exton (zétZe), The Maritime Dicaologie, or Sea-
jurisdiction of England.
2. Rhet. Justification.
2389 PurrennaM Lug. Poesie 111. xix. (Arb.) 237 Dichologia,
or the Figure of excuse.] 1656 BLount Glossog7., Diceology
. justification by, or in talk. [1830 Maunver 77cas. Knowl.
Dicwxology, self-vindication.]
Dicage, Dicar: see Dikacx, Dicker.
Dicalcic (daikzlsik), a. Chem. [f. Di-2 2 +
Catcre.] Containing two equivalents of calcium.
1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem. 1. 719 Dicalcic phosphide.
1 . J. Luovp Sctence Agric.
Dicarbo-, before a vowel dicarb-. Chem. [See
Di-? and Cargo-.] In composition: Containing
two atoms or equivalents of carbon,
1881 Nature XXIII. 243 The acid..was probably identical
with dicarbopyridenic acid.
Dicarbon (deika:tbgn), @ Chem. [D1-*.]
Containing or derived from two atoms of carbon,
as the décarbon series of hydrocarbons.
1869 Roscor Elem. Chem. xxx, Dicarbon or Ethyl series.
The starting point of this important series is common alcohol
or spirits of wine C2 He O. :
Dicarbonate (daika-1binct). Chem. See Di-2
and CARBONATE,
825
Dicaxpellary, a. Bot. [f. Di-2 + Carpet-
LARY.] Having or consisting of two carpels.
1876 Hartry Mat, Med. 501 Distinguished by a dicar-
pellary fruit.
Dicast (dikexst). Gr. dutiy. Also dikast.
[ad. Gr. dKeaorns judge, juryman, agent-noun f.
duxd¢-ev to judge, pass judgement on, f. diey right,
justice, judgement, trial.] One of the 6000 citizens
chosen annually in ancient Athens to try cases in
the several law-courts, where their functions com-
bined those of the modern judge and jury.
iB; Morteux Rabelais v. xi. (1737) 46 The Statues of
their Dicastes.) 1822 'T. Mitcnert Avistoph. 1, p. cxly,
Nearly one-third of the population of Athens were, in part,
supported by their attendance upon the courts of law in the
quality of dicasts, an office something between the judge
and juryman of modern times. 1873 Symonps G7. Poets
Ser. 1. i. (1877) 30 The whole Athenian nation as dikasts and
ecclesiasts, were interested in Rhetoric. 1874 Mauarry Soc.
Life Greece vii. 215 The contemptible old dicast in the
‘asps. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) 1. 215 This art acts upon
dicasts and ecclesiasts and bodies of men.
Dicastery dikstéri). Also dikastery. [ad.
Gr. diaotnproy a court of justice.]}
One of the courts of justice in which the dicasts
sat; the court or body of dicasts.
(1656 J. Harrincton Oceana 147 (Jod.) ‘Vhe dicasterion
..in Athens ..the comitia of that commonwealth, 1822
T. Mitcuett Aristoph. Il. 179 ‘The very essence of the
Athenian democracy .. was centered in its Dicasteria, or
courts of justice.] 1846 Grote Greece 1. xii. I. 304 It was un-
lawful to put to death any person, even under formal sentence
by the dicastery, 1866 Frvron Anc. § Mod. Gr. II. vi. 99
‘The people in the country. .were as likely to be drawn into
the senate and dicasteries, as the people. .of the town.
Dicastic (dikzstik), a. Also dikastic. [ad.
Gr, dicaorix-ds of or for law or trials: see Dicasr.]
Of or belonging to a dicast or dicasts.
1849 Grote Greece 1. xlvi. V. 484 The archon .. retained
only the power of .. presiding over the dikastic assembly by
whom peremptory verdict was pronounced. 1874 MAHAFFY
Soc. Life Greece vi. 176 ‘Vhe wrangling and dicastic habit of
his countrymen. 1884 Q. Rev. Oct. 348 Citizens each fur-
nished with his dicastic badge and staff.
Dicatalectic dai:ketilektik), a Pros. [ad.
Gr, Sucaradnerix-ds: see Di-2 and Cavrarecric.]
Of a verse: Doubly catalectic; wanting a syllable
both in the middle and at the end, as e.g. the dac-
tylic pentameter. In mod. Dicts.
+ Dica‘tion. Ods. vare—°. [ad. L. décatéon-em
formal declaration, n. of action f. décdreto proclaim.]
1656 Biount Glossogr., Dication, a vowing, submitting,
promising, or dedicating.
Dicayue, obs. form of DECEIVE.
Dice (dais), sé., plural of Dix sé., q.v.
In reference to gaming, dce is of much more fre-
quent occurrence than the singular ade; it also
enters largely into combination: as
Dice-cogging, -gospeller, -maker; Aice-board, a
board upon which dice are thrown; dice-coal
(see quot.); dice-headed a., having a cubical
boss or stud (of nails used for strengthening doors,
etc.) ; dice holes (sce quot.) ; dice-man, a sharper
who cheats with dice; dice-shot = dée-shot (see
Din); dice-top, a top of polygonal form with
numbers marked on its faces, a teetotum. Also
DICE-BOX, -PLAY, etc.
1844 THirLwatt Greece VIII. 453 Mummius..hadas little
eye for them as any of his men, who made “*dice-boards of
the finest master-pieces of painting. 1842 Branpr, *Dice-
coal, a species of coal easily splitting into cubical fragments.
18s2 THackeray Esmond 1. xiii, 1 played a *dice-cogging
scoundrel in Alsatia for his ears. 15g0 Latimer Sevw. at
Stamford Wks. 1.269 Among so great a number of gospellers,
some are card-gospellers, some are *dice-gospellers, some
are pot-gospellers ; all are not good. 1497 Ld. Treas. Acc.
Scot. I. 357 Ve 3et nalis “dis hedit to Dunbar. 1593 in
Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) 1. 74, 100 dicheaded nailes
pro ostio, 1882 Cautreitp & Sawarp Dict. Needlework
153 “Dice Holes .. a stitch.. used in Honiton..lace. 1530
Patscr. 213/2 *Dice maker, dessier. 1714 MANDEVILLE Fad,
Bees (1725) 1. 81 Card and_dice-makers..are the immediate
ministers to a legion of vices. 1871 /cho 14 Mar., *Dice-
men and thimble-rigs were scattered here and there, making
a fine harvest. © 1588 Lucar Collog. Arte Shooting App. 57
Chaine shot ..*dice shot. 1668 J. Wuite Rich Cad. (ed. 4)
124 Square pieces of iron, called dice-shot. 1894 Maske-
tyne Sharps §& Flats 257 That well-known device, the
**dice-top’ or ‘teetotum ’.
Dice (dois), v. [f. Dice sd. £/.]
1. intr. To play or gamble with dice.
1440 Prop. Parv, 121 Dycyn, or pley wythe dycys,
aleo. 1519 Presentm. Furies in Surtees Misc. (1890) 32
Latt no manservauntes dysse nor carde in ther howsses.
1548 Latimer Ploughers Carb.) 25 Thei hauke, thei hunt,
thei card, thei dyce. 1596 Suaxs. « Hen. JV, ut. iii. 18,
I was ..vertuous enough, swore little, dic’d not aboue
seuen times a weeke. 1647 R. Srapy-ton Yuvenal 253 If
th’ old man dice, th’ heire in long coats will doe The like.
1855 Macautay //ist. Eng. IV. 97 The Dick Talbot who
had diced and revelled with Grammont.
b. trans. To lose or throw away by dicing ; to
gamble away. Also fg.
1549 [see Dictnc-nousr]. 1618 N. Frerp Amends for
Ladies 1. i. in Hazl. Dodsley X1. 94 Have I to dice my
trimony away? 1871 Tom Taytor YFeanne Dare u. 1,
ow cheerily a king and kingdom May be diced, danced,
and fiddled to the dogs! 188x Bracke Lay Serm. i. 79
" danyel pe dys-playere.
DICE-PLAYER.
The conscript boy, torn from his father .. to dice away his
sweet young life in a cause with which he has no concern.
e. ¢vans. Vo bring by dice-play (zvZo, out of, etc.).
1843 Macautay /ss., Addison (1889) 721 When he diced
himself into a spunging house.
2. To cut into dice or cubes : es. in cookery.
2¢1390 Forme of Cury in Warner's Culin. Antig. 5 Vake
Funges [mushrooms], and pare hem clene, and dyce hem,
c1440 Promp, Parv. 121 Dycyn, as men do brede, or other
lyke, guadro. 1 Mrs. Rarratp Eng. Housekpr. (1778)
9s Make a ragoo of oysters and sweetbreads diced.
3. To mark or ornament with a pattern of cubes
or squares ; tochequer ; sfec. a. Meedlework. (See
quot. 1808-80.) b. Bookbinding. To ornament
(leather) with a pattern consisting of squares or
diamonds: see DIcED Afi. a. 2.
1688 J. CLayton in PAI 7rvans. XVIII. 126 The young
Ones [snakes] have no Rattles .. but they may be known ..
being very regularly diced or checker’d, black and gray on
the backs. 1808-80 Jamirson, Dice, 1. Properly, to sew
a kind of waved pattern near the border of a garment ..
2. ‘lo weave in figures resembling dice. ‘
+4. To mark with spots or pips, like dice. Ods.
1664 Power Lf. Philos. 1. 8 The Butter Fly. ‘The eye is
large and globular, diced or bespeck’d here and there with
black spots.
Dice, obs. Se. f. Dats, pew or seat in a church.
Dice, adv. Naut.: see DCE.
Dice-box. The box from which dice are thrown
in gaming, usually of the form of a double trun-
cated cone.
1833 ges ii.
47 Charles and the Duke of Ormond were rattling the dice-
box. 1849 Macautay //ist. Eng. II. 50 Welcome at the
palace when the bottle or the dicebox was going round.
b. Used typically for dice-play, dicing. gaming.
1857 Maurice “A. St. Yohn xi. 179 The only resources
left for either are the dice-box and the bottle. 1859 Ma-
cautay Life Pitt, Fox, a man of pleasure, ruined by the
dice-box and the turf. ;
e. attrtb. Of the form of a dice-box. D¢ve-bo.v
znsulator, a hollow porcelain insulator of this shape
for supporting a telegraph wire, which passes
through the axis.
1841 W. Sparpinc /taly § /t. Zs2. 1. 296 A smaller lake ..
backed bya range of rocks and a rude dice-box tower. 1895
W. Preece (iv letter), The ‘dice-box’ insulator was invented
by the late Mr. C. P. Walker; it was used on the South-
Eastern Railway.
Diced (doist), p/. a. [f. Dice v. +-Ep 1]
1, Formed or cut into dice or cubes; see DICE v. 2.
1671 J. Webster JJefadlogr. xvii. 246, I have by me very
many sorts of these squared or diced golden Marchasites.
1741 Compl. Ham. Piece 1. ii. (ed. 3) 147 Make Sauce with
some of the Liquor, Mushrooms, diced Lemon, etc.
2. Marked or ornamented with figures of cubes or
squares ; chequered ; see DIck v. 3.
1725 Ramsay Gent?. Sheph. 1. ii, He kaims his hair .. And
spreads his garters diced beneath his knee. 1880 W. Smitu
Catal. No. 6, 4 vols, royal 8vo, diced calf. 1893 W. F. Cray
Catal. 16, 4to, diced russia, neatly rebacked.
Dicellate (deiselét), a. [f. Gr. bimedda, a
two-pronged hoe + -ATE*.] ‘Two-pronged: said
spec. of sponge-spicules.
|| Dicentra (daisentra). Bot. [mod.L., f. Gr.
Bixevtpos, f. bt- two+évtpoy sharp point, spur.]
A genus of plants (N.O. Fumardacew) having
drooping heart-shaped flowers; the species are
natives of North America and Eastern and Central
Asia, and several are in cultivation in the flower-
garden, esp. D. spectabzlis (also called Deelytra).
1866 in Treas. Bot. 1883 Century Mag. Sept. 726/2 The
beautifully divided leaves of the dicentra. 1884 E. P. Ror
in Harper's Mag. May 932/t Clumps of bloodroot, hepaticas,
dicentras, dog-tooth violets, and lilies-of-the-valley.
Dicephalous (deisefalas), a. [f. Gr. ducepaad-
os (f. &-, Di-2+xeg¢ad7 head) +-ous. In mod.F,
dicéphale.| Waving two heads, two-headed.
1808 Edin. Rev. X11. 487 A dicephalous monster.
Dice-play. [f. Dice sd. p/.] The action or
practice of playing with dice; the game of dice.
c1440 Promp. Parv. 120 Dyce play, aleatura, 155%
Rostnson tr. More’s Utop. (Arb.) 84 esd dehy and suche
other folishe and pernicious games they know not. 1577
Norrusrookr Décing Introd. 2 If a man can dice-play.
1580 Lupton Sivgila 94 To get greedie gain by diuellish and
detestable Diceplaye. 1606 HoLtanp Sueton, 60 For giving
himselfe much to ce play. | A
+b. fy. Trickery, deceit, sleight. Ods. | :
1633 Rocers Treat. Sacraments i. 159 Not easily carried
away by each Doctrine and dice-play of men (cf. Eph. iv.
14 €v TH KUBelg Tov avOpwrwr]).
So Dice-playing. < ;
c1490 Promp. Parv.(MS. K.) 120 Dicepleyinge, alcatura.
55x Rosinson tr. More's Utop. (Arb.) 19 The Poete likeneth
.. the life of man to a diceplaiyng or a game at the tables.
1606 HoLLanp Sweton. 70 The rumour that ran of his dice-
playing. :
Dice-player. [Sce prec.] One who plays or
gambles with dice; a dicer.
31377 Lanct. P. Pl. B. vi. 73 Iakke pe iogeloure .. And
1577 tr. Budlinger’s Decades (1592)
f bishops .. to keepe companie
183 We doe vtterly forbid a!
DICER.
1660 Jer. Tavtor Duct. Dubit. u. 471 |
(L.) A common ester or dice-player may call himself
Christian, but indeed he is not.
. Dicer (daisa1). Forms: 5-6 dyser, dysar, 6
dysour, disar, dycer, dicear, desard, 6- dicer.
[f. Dice. (or sé.) +-ER!, The suffix was sometimes
changed to AFr. -our, and -ar.] One who plays
or gambles with dice ; a person addicted to dicing.
1408 Nottingham Rec. 11. 62 Rogerus Mokyngton est
communis hospitator, contra Assisam, scilicet, Song: ain
dysers. ¢1460 J'owneley A/yst. (Surtees) 242 ‘Thise dysars
and thise hullars, Thise cokkers and thise bollars. —oe
Dunpar Poems xxxiv. 71 Ane dysour said..The Devill mot
stik him with a knyfe, Bot he kest vp fair syisis thre. 1531
Etyot Gov. 1. xxvi, Suche a reproche, to be sayde that they
had made aliaunce with disars. 1602 Suaxs. Ham. 11. iv. |
45 Such an Act, That..Makes marriage vowes As false as
Dicers Oathes. 1654 GATAKER Disc. Afol. 3 The better Dicer,
the wors man. 1837 De Quincey Revolt Tartars Wks. 1862
IV. 130 Upon the hazard of a dicer’s throw. 1844 J. T.
Hew ert Parsons & W. xix, A deep drinker, and a dicer.
Dicerate (daiséret), a. [f. Gr. dieepas, ducepar-
double horn.] ‘Having two horns’. Syd. Soc.
Lex. 1883.
Dicerous dei-séras), a. Entom. rare. [irreg.
(for dicerote) f. Gr. dixepws two-horned, f. d:- two
+ képas horn.] Having two ‘horns’, antennz, or
tentacles.
1826 Kirsy & Srence /ntrod. Entom. IV. 316 Dicerous,
insects that have two antenna.
Dicese, dicesse, obs. forms of DEcEASE.
Dicetyl] (doisrtil). Chem. [See D1-*.] The
free form of the hydrocarbon radical CeryY, q.v.
+Dich. Ods. rare. A corrupt or erroneous word,
having apparently the sense do 7¢:
1607 Suaks. Zion 1. ii. 73 Much good dich thy good
heart. 1630 X. Yohnson’s Ningd. & Commw. 87 So mich
God dich you with your sustenancelesse sauce. [Cf. 1542
Upatt tr. Erasm. Apoph. (1877) 112 Biddyng much good
do it him.)
Dich, obs. form of Ditcu.
Dichasial (daiké-zial), a2. Aot. [f. next +
-AL.] Belonging to or of the nature of a dicha-
sium.
1876 J. H. Bacrour in Encycl. Brit, 1V. 124/1 In the
natural order Caryophyllacez, the dichasial cymose form of
inflorescence is very general.
| Dichasium (doiké-ziim). Zot. Pl. -ia.
[mod.L., f. Gr. déyacrs division.] A form of cy-
mose inflorescence, apparently but not really dicho-
tomous, in which the main axis produces a pair of
- lateral axes, each of which similarly produces a pair,
and so on; a biparous cyme.
1875 Bennett & Dyer Sachs’ Bot. 158 False dichotomies
of this kind, which occur abundantly in the inflorescences of
Phanerogams, are termed by Schimper Dichasia. /4id. 521
The dichasinm easily passes, in the first or a succeeding
order of lateral axes, into a sympodial mode of develop-
ment. 1876 J. H. Barrour in Encycl. Brit. IV. 124/1 In
some members of the tribe Caryophyllacee the inflorescence
has the form of a contracted dichasium. ;
|| Dichastasis (daika-stasis). [mod. f. Gr. diya
asunder, apart + oraas standing.] * Spontancous
subdivision ’ (Webster 1864).
a@ 1864 WeBsTER cites Dana. 1883 in Syd. Soc. Ler. |
Dichastic doeikestik),a. [mod. f. Gr. *dya-
atos divided, f. d:ya¢-ew to divide: see -1c.] ‘ Ca-
pable of subdividing std ys ( Webster 1864).
a 1864 Wesster cites Dana. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Di-
chastic, capable of undergoing dichastasis.
Diche(n, obs. forms of Dircn.
Dichlamydeous (deiklamivdiss), a. Hot. [f.
mod. Bot.L dichlamydew, f. Gr. bt- two + XAanus,
yAapvd- cloak: see-Eous.] Having both the floral
envelopes (calyx and corolla); having a double
perianth. Also said of a plant bearing such flowers.
1830 Linptey Vat, Syst. Bot. Introd. 26 If the corolla is
esent, a plant is said to bedichlamydeous, 1882 G. ALLEN
in Nature 17 Aug. 373 Our English species have no true
petals ; but some exotic forms are truly dichlamydeous.
chlor-, dichloro-. Chem. [f. Di-? +
CHioR(o)-.] A formative element in names of
compounds formed by the substitution of two atoms
of chlorine for hydrogen atoms, as dichlorace'tic
acid, dichlorhy'drin: see CHLOR- and CHLORO-,
1873 Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 11) 627 Dichlorhydrin is treated
with potash, it gives up a molecule of hydrochloric acid.
/bid. 679 Dichloracetic acid is produced by the action of
chlorine and iodine on boiling acetic acid. Ibid. 759 Of di-
chlorobenzene, two modifications are known. 1876 Harry
Mat. Med. (ed. 6) 346 Allyl-chloroform is unstable, and
breaks up into hydrochloric acid and dichlorallylene.
i ide (daikloeraid, -rid). Chem. [f. Di-*
+CHLonwe.] A compound of two atoms of |
chlorine with an element or radical, as mercury |
dichloride Hg Cl,. |
+ Formerly, a compound of chlorine with two atoms of
another body: see Dt-* 2 a P. - :
1825 ‘I’. THomson First Princ. Chem. VW. 44 Dichloride
of antimony. 1826 Henry Elem, Chem. 11. 75. 1854 é
Scorrern in Orr's Circ. Sc. Chem, 508 Dichloride of gold
remains. ¢1865 Lerueny in Circ. Sc. 1. 120/1 A solution of |
dichloride of copper. 1873 Fownes' Chem. fed. 25) 437 The |
dichloride is bo a together with the trichloride. |
, a. Gr. d¢xo-, combining form of adv.
dixa in two, asunder, apart, as in dxoropia cutting |
with dice players.
£Gnt
_ separately +-~yayos wedded, married, yap-os wed-
326
in two. A first element in several scientific words,
with the meaning, ‘asunder, separately, in two
parts or halves’.
(The ¢ is short in Greek, so that the usual English pronun-
ciation is not etymological.)
Dichoga-miec, a. Bot. =Dicnocamovs.
In mod. Dicts.
*dixdyapos (f. d:xo-, Dicno-, asunder,
ding) + -ous.] Said of those hermaphrodite plants
in which the stamens and pistils (or analogous
organs) become mature at different times, so that
self-fertilization is impossible.
1859 Darwin Orig. Sfec. iv. (1873) 78 These so-named dicho-
amous plants have in fact separated sexes, and must
bitually be crossed. 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. Insects
are the main agents in the conveyance of the pollen to the
stigma of other flowers of dich Phanerog:
(daikpgamas), a. Bot. [mod |
DICHOTOMY. s
Dichotomize (deikgtémaiz), v. [f. Gr. drxd-
Top-os (see DICHOTOMOUS) + -IZE.] :
1. trans. To divide into two parts or sections;
esp. in reference to classification : cf. DichoTomy 1 a.
1608-11 Br. Hart Zfist. 1. v, That great citie might well
be dich ized into ch and hospitals. ULLER
was
Holy War w, i. (1647) 166 Not a city of note ..
not dichotomized into the sect of the Guelfes .. and Gibel-
lines. 1678 Cupwortu /nfel?. Syst. 1. iii. 1
forementioned Forms of Atheism may be again Di i
..into such as[etc.]. 1866.57. Fames’s Mag. Oct. 367 So far
as they were concerned the University was dichotomized in
‘Christ Church men’ and ‘ squibs’.
+b. Joosely. To divide (into several parts). Ods.
(In first quot. humorously as a blunder.)
T. Powei. Tom All Trades 144 Then dicotomize the
whole portion of his wife into several shares. Cuarte-
ton Paradoxes 56 They agai ..the influxive
spirit into the naturall, vitall, and animall. 1667 Decay
Chr. Piety ix, ? 10 When they came to be dichotomiz’d, and
Linh
Whether the Alge named above ‘and some Muscinex: are
dichogamous is doubtful. 1894 Drummonp Ascent Max vi.
303 ‘The subtle alliance with Space in Dicecious flowers ;
with Time in Dichogamous species.
Dichog (daikp-gami). Bot. [mod. f. Gr.
type *d:xoyapia, n. of state from *d:xoyapos: see
prec. and -y: in mod. Ger. and F. dichogamie.]
The condition of being dichogamous, i.e. in which
the stamens and pistils (or analogous organs) of a
hermaphrodite plant mature at different times.
1862 Darwin in Life & Lett. (1887) III. 303 What old C, K.
Sprengel called dichogamy and which is so frequent in truly
hermaphrodite groups. 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 906 One of
the simplest and commonest means for ensuring cross-fertil-
isation 1s Dichogamy, i.e. the arrangement by which the two
kinds of reproductive organs, when. .contiguous, are mature
at different times.
Dicho:pterous, a. Entom. [f. Dicno- + Gr.
mrep-dv wing + -oUS.] ‘ Having cut or emarginate
wings’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883).
Dichord (daikid). [ad. Gr. dixopdos_two-
stringed, f. &- two + xopdy string (of a lyre),
chord.] a. An instrument having two strings. b.
An instrument having two strings to each note.
(Stainer & Barrett Dict. Mus. 7erms.
1819 Pantologia, Dichord, in music, the name given to
the two-stringed lyre, said to have been invented by the
Egyptian Mercury.
Dichoree (deikor7. Pros. [a F. déchorée
(1736 in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. dichoré-us, a. Gr.
Bydper-os, f. -, D1-2 + xopetos : see CHOREE.]
A metrical foot consisting of two chorees or
trochees.
1801 D. Irvine Elem. Composition x. (1828) 109 Its music
consisted in the dichoree with which it is terminated. 1885
R. C. Jess Gedipus Tyrannus p. \xxxi, When the ionic
--vuv.. is interchanged with the dichoree - u- w
Dichostasy (dikp'stasi . once-wd. [ad. Gr.
dxooragia a standing apart, dissension, f. d:xo-,
I)icHo- + o7aa-ts standing.] A standing separate.
¢1859 Br. Suort Sf. in Academy 30 July (1892) 86 His
orders are irregular. .and his Church system—he would not
ne —but dichostasy.
icho‘tomal, a. [f. as Dichotomous +-AL.]
Of or pertaining to dichotomy.
In mod. Dicts. | oe :
Dichotomic (daikotymik), a. [mod. f. as Di-
CHOTOM-OUS + -IC: in F. dichotomigue.] Relating
to or involving dichotomy ; dichotomous.
1873 Brit. Q. Kev. Jan. 301 The Scriptural representation
is as often dichotomic as it is trichotomic. .'The dichotomic
must be radically and essentially wrong. 1881 Lincoin
tr. Troussean & Pidoux, Treat. Therapeutics 1. 278 The
followers of Brown and Broussais, after a long struggle with
the arguments which were ruining their dichotomic doctrine,
were at last forced to recognise special diseases. 1882-3
Scnarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl. UI. 2231 A decidedly dicho-
tomic expression, as 1 Pet. ii. 11, where the soul is regarded
venely according to her spiritual determination as the Gesrer
of the divine life-principle.
Bichoto
= DICHOTOMOUSLY.
1880 Guntner Fishes 40 Branched rays are dichotomically
split.
,adv, [f. prec, + -AL+-LY*.]
ist (doikgtdmist). [f Dichorom-y
+-18t.] One who dichotomizes, or classifies by
dichotomy.
¢1g92 MArtowe Massacre Paris 1. viii, He that will be a
flat dichotomist. . Is in your judgment thought a man.
1597 Mor.ey /ntrod. Mus. Pref, The booke, although ..
not such as may in euery point satisfie the curiositie of
Dichotomistes. ‘¢ 1630 Jackson Creed tv. i, Curious dicho-
tomists never allotting more than two branches to one stock.
1882 W. Octe tr. Aristotle's Parts Anim. 13 Privative
terms .. which are not available to the dich E
Hence Dicho:tomi'stic a., pertaining to a dicho-
tomist, or to dichotomy.
1847 Buck tr. Hagendach’s Hist. Doctr. U1. 248_ Most
writers pted the dich isti inciple, according to
which man consists of body and
tion (daikp:témaizéifon). — [f.
Dicuoromize + -atIoN.] The action of dichoto-
mizing, or condition of being dichotomized: in
quot. of the moon (see DicHoToMIZED 2).
1867 G. F. Cuampers Astron. 1. v. 68 A discrepancy ..
Ronn Be the first, or last, app of the dich
tion.
‘d out into curious aerial notions. j ty
2. intr. (for ref.) To divide or become divided
into two continuously ; sfec. used of the branching
of a stem, root, leaf-vein, etc.: see DICHOTOMOUS 2,
Dicuoromy 3.
1835 [see DicnoTomizinc below]. 1846 Dana Zoafh. (1848)
652 Stem dichotomising and bearing .. nearly simple erect
branchlets. 1875 Bennett & Dyer Sachs’ Bot. u. iv. 406
The roots of Lycopodiacea are .. the only ones known to
dichotomise. 1884 M. Boots in Frail. Educ. 1 Sept, 342
Elements which .. tend to dichotomize into pairs of evils.
Hence Dicho'tomizing vé/. sb. and ff/. a.; Di-
cho‘tomizer, one who dichotomizes.
1606 Breton Sidney's Ourania, He has no fine Dicho-
tomizing Wit. 16ax Br. Mounracu Diatribae 393 These
two great Dichotomisers, being at odds with all meee and
with themselues. 1639 Futter Holy War v. xv. (1647) 255
The Turks, who in the dichotomizing of the world fall under
the Northern part. 1835 Kirsy Had. § Just. Anim. II.
xiii. 11 Surrounded by dichotomizing articulated organs.
1881 G. Busk in ¥rud. Microsc. Soc. Jan. 5 Numerous, long,
sparsely dich ising, biserial b h
icho'tomized, ///. a. [f. prec. +-ED1.]
1. Divided into two branches: see prec.
1884 Bower & Scott De Bary's Phaner. 61 Stellate hairs
.. With 3-4 rays once or twice dichotomised. ex CLeRKE
Stud. Homer iv. 87 Beyond the = the sun,
where one branch of his dichotomised Et iopians dwelt.
2. Astron. Said of the moon in the phase at
which exactly half her disk appears illuminated
(the ‘half-moon’).
1 1 Cuampers Cyci. s.v. Dichotomy, She appears di-
intemal at least for the space of a whole hour $75 which
time any moment may be taken for the true point of the
dichotomy, as well as any other. 1834 Nat. Philos., Hist.
Astron, Vi. 24/1 (Useful Knowl. Soc.) The difficulty of
determining exactly the instant at which the moon is dicho-
tomi. 1866 Airy Pop. Astron, v. (1868) 167 Observation
of the place of the moon when it is ‘ dichotomized’.
Dichotomous (deikgtimas), a, [f. L. dicho-
tomos, -mus, a. Gr. &xéropos cut in half, equally
divided: see Dicno- and -ous. Cf. F. dichotome
(1752 in Hatz.-Darm.).] Divided or dividing into
two ; characterized by dichotomy.
+1. Astron. =Dicnotomizep 2; of the form of
a half-moon, Oés.
1690 Levsourn Curs. Math. 448 Mercury... in its greatest
digression from the Sun .. appears Dichotomous.
Bot., etc. Dividing into two equal branches;
esp. so branched that each successive axis divides
into two; relating to, or of the nature of, such
branching.
1752 Sin}. Hu Hist. Anim. 23 (Jod.) The short, dicho-
tomous, monoculus. 1753 Exuis in Phil. Trans.
XLVIII, 116 These stretch out into many regular dichotom-
ous branches. 1794 Maxtys Kousseaws Bot. xvii. 226 The
; rs sep sala ae oer
1S d by its 4
1842 E. Witson 4 nat. Vade M. 262 he division of arteries
is usually ienotomens, 1872 Oxiver Elem, Bot. u. 185
1 a dich pr} =
sa P 1 shrub, with
opposite leathery leaves. 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 170 Dicho-
tomous branching is very ig lophytes,
ially Alga and the lower Hepatice. “ 3
3 Logic, etc. Of classification : Involving divi-
sion (of a class or group) into two (lower groups) ;
proceeding by dichotomy ; dichotomic.
1838 Sin W. Hamivron Logic xxv. (1866) IL, 30 The
division may be not only dichotomous but polytomous, as
for example,—angles are right, or acute, or obtuse. 1864
Reader 3 Sept. 304/2 ‘The unities or molecules .. are either
isovoluminous or in what I have called dichotomous ratio.
7, adv. {f prec. +-LY%.] In
a dichotomous manner ; by division into twos or
pairs: see prec. Bets
xte6 J. Gatrint Br S Data Zooph: tim sye Brouches
ANA (1
=i dichotomously subdivided. ieee A. Fuorr Pade. Med.
(1880) 160 A bronchus, after it enters a lobule .. divides
dichotomously once or twice and terminates in the alveolar
passages, 1870 H. Macaittan Bible Teach. vii. 143 The
dich ly-veined leaves, rep ig the cryptogamia.
Dichotomy (deikytomi). [ad. Gr. 5:xoropia
a cutting in two, f. &xéropP-os (see DicHoromous) :
ef. F. dichotomie (1754 in Hatz.-Darm.).]
1. Division ‘of a whole into two parts. a. spec.
in Zogze, etc. : Division of a class or genus into two
lower mutually exclusive classes or genera ; binary
classification.
ee ee ee
.
DICHOTRIANE.
1610 Heatry St. Aug. Citie of God 303 This Tiichotemy
-. doth not contradict the other Dichotomy that includet
all in action and contemplation. 1725 Warts Logic 1. vi.
§ 8 Some .. have disturbed the Order of Nature .. by an
Affectation of Dichotomies, Trichotomies, Sevens, ‘T'welves,
&c. Let the Nature of the Subject, considered together
with the Design which you have in view, always determine
the Number of Parts into which you divide it. 1864 Bowen
Logic iv. 97 Convenience often requires what Logicians call
division by dichotomy, in which a Genus is divided irto
two Species having Contradictory Marks. ar. E. Cairp
Philos. Kant u, vi. 302 The whole sphere of reality may be
divided in relation to any predicate .. in what is called di-
chotomy by contradiction, e.g. that ‘everything must either
be red or notred’,
b. gen. Division into two.
1636 Freatty Clavis Myst. xxi, 277 Whose day after a
ramisticall dichotomy being. divided into forenoone and
afternoone. 1668 Witkins Real Char. u. vii. § 3. 190 The
way of Dichotomy or Bipartition being the most natural
easie kind of Division. 1868 Contemp. Rev. Apr. 598
Popular theology is rather founded on the dichotomy of
man into body and soul, than on the Christian trichotomy
of body, soul, and spirit. :
2. Astron. That phase of the moon (or of an in-
ferior planet) at which exactly half the disk appears
illuminated ; the ‘half-moon’.
1686 _Goap Celest. Bodies 1. xv. 81 This Quadrate or
Quartile in its Dichotomy, as the Greeks call it. 1797
Encycl. Brit. 1. 419/1 Aristarchus .. gave a method of
determining the distance of the sun by the moon’s dicho-
tomy. 1878 Newcoms Pop Astron. 551 Dichotomy, the
a aa of a planet when half illuminated. Fi H
- Bot., Zool., etc. A form of branching in which
each successive axis divides into two; repeated
bifurcation : see DicHoromous 2.
1707 SLOANE Yamaica I. 264 From the middle of the leaves
rise one or two stalks .. always divided into two, or observ.
ing a Dichotomy. 1835 Kirsy Had. & Just. Anim. 11, xiii.
13 The last [Encrinus] seems to differ .. in the dichotomies
and length of the arms. 1880 Gray Struct. Bot. iii. § 3.
47 note, Dichotomy or forking, the division of an apex into
two. 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 169 Dichotomy .. never pro-
duces structures .. dissimilar to the producing structure;
the divisions of a root produced by dichotomy are both
roots, those of a leaf-bearing shoot both leaf-bearing shoots
.. dichotomy hence always falls under the conception of
branching in the .. narrower sense, Jbid. 464.
Dichotrizne (di:ko,traij7n). Zool. [f. Dicuo-
+ Gr. tpiawa trident; see Trrmnz.] A dicho-
tomous tricene; a three-forked sponge spicule,
having each fork dividing into two,
1887 Sottas in Encycl, Brit. XXII. 417/1 The arms of a
triane may bifurcate (dichotriene) once, twice, or oftener,
or they may trifurcate.
Dichro-. [f. Gr. 8éxpo-os: see next.]_ In com-
bination = Dicurotc. :
bee J J. Remsen Juorg, Chem, 709 Co(N H3)3 Cls+H20
which is known as dichro-cobaltic chloride.
Dichroic (daikrovik), a. [ad. Gr. déxpoos, -ws
two-coloured (f. 8- two + xpds colour, complexion)
+ -Ic.] Having or showing two colours; sfec.
applied to doubly-refracting crystals that exhibit
different colours when viewed in different directions;
or to solutions that show essentially different colours
in different degrees of concentration.
@ 1864 Dana cited in Werster. 1878 GurNEY Crys/allogr.
112 Tourmaline is strongly dichroic. 1879 Dana JZan. Geol,
(ed. 3) 67 This mineral .. being dichroic.
Dichroiscope: see Dicuroscopr.
Dichroism (i‘kro,iz’m), [mod. f. Gr. 5¢ypoos,
-ws two-coloured (see DicHRorc) + -Ism. In F,
dichroisme.| The quality of being dichroic; spec,
as exhibited by certain crystals and solutions; see
prec.
1819 Brewster in Phil. Trans. 17 This dichroism, as it
may be called .. so far as I know, has never been observed
in any other minerals than iolite and mica. 1843 Rep. Brit.
Assoc. 14 The dichroism of a solution of stramonium in
wether, 1884 Chamd. F¥rnu/. 15 Nov. 731/2 This stone [sap-
phire] sesses the singular property known as dichroism
—that is, it shines with two colours, blue and red.
Hence Dichroi‘stic, za. = D1curoiric.
In mod, Dicts.
Dichroite (dai‘krojit). Ain. [mod. f. Gr.
Sixpoos (see Dicuroic) + -1rE, In F. dichroite
(1809 Cordier).] A synonym of IorrE, from its
often exhibiting dichroism.
1810 Nicholson's Frul. XXVIII. 231 Description of the
Dichroit, a new gem of Mineral. 183x Brewster Oftics
xxx. § 148. 249 M. Cordier observed the same change of
colour in a mineral called iolite, to which Haiiy gave the
name of dichroite. .1881 Sat. Rev, 23 Apr. 518/1 The great
ball of dichroite which seems crystal white when looked at
from one point of view, rich blue from another, and straw-
colour from another, is perhaps the most entertaining object.
b. Comb.
© 1875 Dawson Dawn of Life vi. 145 The gneiss. .is chiefly
grey and very silicious, containing dichroite, and .. known
as dichroite-gneiss.
Dichroitic (deikrojitik), a. [f. prec. + -10.]
Of, or of the nature of dichroite; characterized by
dichroism ; dichroic.
183 Brewster Newton (1855) I. viii. rg0 The relation of
the colours of dichroitic crystals to their axes of double
refraction. 1855 J. D. Forses Tour Mt. Blanc xi. 248 By
transmitted light it is dichroitic—brown orange in one
direction and bright green in another, 1881 TyNvALL
Floating-Matter of Air 95 The dichroitic action which —
produces the colours of the sky.
|
827
Dichromate (doikraum). Chem. [f. D1-2.]
A double CHroMatE (q.v.), as potassium dichromate
K,-CrO,-CrO,. (Also d¢chromate.)
1864 in Wesster. 1876 Hartey Mat. Med. (ed. 6) 71
Potassic dichromate. 1883 A thenwum 27 Oct. 538/1 [He]
recommends potassium dichromate as an exceedingly useful
disinfecting agent.
Hence Dichro‘mated ///. a., treated with a di-
chromate.
1890 Abney Treat. Photogr. (ed. 6) 178 The insolubility of
dichromated gelatine.
Dichromatic (doikrome'tik), a. [f. Gr. &-
two + xpaparixds of or relating to colour, f. xp@pa
colour.] Having or showing two colours; sfec. of
animals: Presenting, in different individuals, two
different colours or systems of coloration.
1847 Craic, Dicromatic, 1864in WesstER. 1884 Cours
Key to N. A. Birds (ed, 2) 504 Plumage dichromatic in some
cases ; i.e. some individuals of the same species normally
mottled gray, while others are reddish. 1 G. A. Berry
Dis. Eye xi. 340 Why in the case of the partially colour-blind
the absence of the perception of two complementary hues
should leave the individual only a dichromatic spectrum.
So Dichro‘matism, the quality or fact of being
dichromatic.
1884 Cours Key to N. A. Birds (ed. 2) 656 Remarkable
differences of plumage in many cases, constituting di-
chromatism, or permanent normal difference in color.
Dichromic (daikraumik), a. [f. Gr. S/xpwp-os
two-coloured (see DicHroMarIc) + -1¢.]
1. Relating to or including (only) two colours;
applied, in connexion with the theory of three
primary colour-sensations, to the vision of colour-
blind persons including only two of these.
1854 Fraser's Mag. 1. 559 Such Dichromic visionaries
must lose a great deal. The harmonies of colour cannot
touch them, 1881 Le Conte Monoc. Vision 63 Herschel
regarded normal vision as trichromic, but the vision of
Dalton as dichromic, the red being wanting.
2. Exhibiting in different positions or circum-
stances two different colours ; DicHrotc.
1877 Mitter & McLeop Elem. Chem. 1. (ed. 6) 179 In
dichromic media, or solutions which, under certain circum-
stances, appear to the unaided eye to transmit light of one
tint, and, under certain other circumstances, to transmit
light of a different tint. i
ichronous (dairkrinas), a. [f. late L. dichron-
us, a. Gr. Bixpov-os of two prosodic quantities, either
long or short (f. &:-, Di-2 + xpdvos time) + -ovs.]
1. Gr. and Lat. Prosody, Having two times or
quantities ; sometimes short and sometimes long.
In mod. Dicts. 5 :
2. Bot. ‘Having two periods of growth in the
year’. Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883.
Dichroous (dairkrojas), a. [f. Gr. Bixpo-os
two-coloured + -ous.] Of two colours; dichro-
matic; dichroic.
1864 in WessTER; and in mod. Dicts.
Dichroscope (daikrojskoup), Also dichroi-
scope, dichrodscope. [f. Gr. dixpo-os two-
coloured + -oxor-os observing.
(The etymologically regular form is dichrodscope, but
dichroscope is more convenient.)]
Aninstrumentfor observing or testing the dichroism
of crystals, ete. Hence Dichrosco‘pic a., of or per-
taining to a dichroscope.
1857 Nicuot Cycl. Phys. Sc. (1860) 582 Dichroscopic lens,
or dichroscope. 1876 Catal. Sci. Appar. S. Kens. § 3469
Dichroiscope. 1879 Roop Chromatics x. 137 A .. piece of
apparatus contrived by Dove, for mixing the coloured light
furnished by stained glass, and called by him a dichrodscope.
1888 Proc. RK. Geog. Soc. May 273 The ruby..when examined
by the dichroscope, exhibited two tints. 1890 M. D. Rorns-
cHitpD Handbk, Prec, Stones 15 When a stone is examined
by means of the dichroiscope, it will show two images of the
same hue, or of different hues.
Dichrotal, -tism, erron. ff. Dicrorat, -TIsM.
Dicht, etc., Sc. forms of Dict, ete.
+ Dicible, 54. Philos. Obs. [ad. med.L. dice-
bilés (Du Cange), f. dicére to say: see -BLE.] That
which is capable of being said ; a notion or idea
expressible in words.
1656 Stantey Hist. Philos. vim. xviii. 40 Dicidle is that
which consisteth according to rationall phantasy. /d/d.,
Dicibles are notions, that is, vojzata, but not meerly and
simply notions, .being ready for expression, they are called
<< les, and pertain to the enunciative faculty of the
soule. .
Dicing (doi'sin), vd. sd. [f. Dice v.+-ING1.]
1. The action or practice of playing or gambling
| with dice; dice-play.
1456 How wise man taught Son 6oin Hazl.-£. P,P. 1.171
Dysyng I the forbede, 1535 Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 25 Any
open .. place for common bowling, dising, carding, closhe,
tenys, or other unlawfull games. 1550 Crowtey EL pier. 669
Diceynge hath brought many wealthye menne to care.
@ 1648 Lv. Hersert Life (1886) 79 The exercises I wholly
condemn, are dicing and carding. 1 Mrs. CEenrtiivrE
Busie Body u. i, ‘These eas fellows think old men get
estates for nothing but them to squander away in dicing.
1861 M. Pattison /ss. (1889) I, 47 Severer penalties awaited
drunkenness, dissipation, or dicing.
2. Book-binding. A method of ornamenting lea-
ther in squares or diamonds: see Dick v, 3 b.
Done originally,by ruling with a blunt awl or edging-tool ;
Le Send is imitated by pressure or stamping with a
lock.
|
DICK.
3. attrib, and Comb. (in sense 1), as dicing-board,
-box, -chamber, -money, -table.
1571 Wills § Inv. N. C. (Surtees 1835) 366 A round dys-
senge table. x T. B. La Primaud, Fr. Acad. 1. 128
[Thou] dost set downe as it were ona dicing boord in the
hazard of one houre, both thy kingdome and life. 1586
A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 44 It was in an Inne .- in
a dicing Chamber. a 1634 RanpotpH Muses’ Looking-Gl. 1.
iv, A niggard churl Hoarding up dicing-moneys for his son.
1655 Mra. Worcester Cent. Inv. § go A most dexterous
Dicing Box .. that with a knock... the four good Dice are
fastened, and it looseneth four false Dice.
Di‘cing, #//. a.
with dice.
1884 H. D. Trattt Coleridge iii. 54 The skeleton ship,
with the dicing demons on its deck [Anc. Mar. m1. xii.]
+ Dicing-house. Ovs. [f. Dicine zé/. s/.]
A house for dice-play ; a gambling-house.
1549 LatiMER 6¢h Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 161 Dysynge
howses also..where yong Gentlemenne dyse away their
thrifte. 1555 Act 2-3 PAI. § M.c. 9 Every Licence .. for
the having. .of any Bowling-Allies, Dicing-houses, or other
unlawful Games. — 1649 Mitton £ikon, iii. (1851) 357 The
spawn and shiprack of ‘Taverns and Dicing Houses. 1660
Jer. Taytor Duct. Dubit. 1. 470 (L.) The public peace
cannot be kept where public dicing-houses are permitted.
[f. as prec. + -ING*.] Playing
_ Dicion, var. Dirton, Ods., dominion.
Dick (dik), sd. [A playful alteration of Aic-,
contraction of Norman Fr, and Anglo-Norman
Ricard, L. Kicardus = Richard.)
1. A familiar pet-form of the common Christian
name Aichard, Hence generically (like Jack) =
fellow, lad, man, especially with alliterating ad-
jectives, as desperate, dainty, dapper, dirty.
Tom, Dick, and Harry: any three (or more) representatives
of the populace taken at random.
1553 1’. WiLson 2 het. (1580) 192 Desperate Dickes borowes
now and then against the owners will all that ever he hath.
1581 Stup.ey Agamemnon 1, Whom with the dint of
glittering sword Achilles durst not harme, Although his
rash and desperat dickes the froward Knight did arme. 1588
Suaks. Z. LZ. L. v. ii. 464 Some Dick That smiles his cheeke
in yeares, and knowes the trick ‘To make my Lady laugh.
1589 Marprel, Epit. FE, The desperat Dicks, which you ..
affirm to be good bishops. 1592 Greene Upst. Courtier in
Harl. Misc, (Mahh.) 11. 227 A braue dapper Dicke, quaintly
attired in veluet and sattin. 1822 Gaur Sir. A. Wylie I.
viii.75 He’s a gone dick, adead man. 1864 Standard 13 Dec.
Review Slang Dict, (Farmer), [He] replied, ‘Oh yes, in the
reign of queen dick’, which, on inquiry we found to be
synonymous with ‘Never’, or ‘ ‘Tib’s eve’. 1891 Dazly News
17 Nov. 2/4 The only bears still extant are the Tom, Dick,
and Harry of the Bourses,
b. Rarely applied to a female.
1814 Watch-house U1. i, It’s all over wi’ you, madam;
ye’re a gone dick: ye hear he’s confessing.
2. dial. or local. (See quots.)
1847-78 Hatuiwet, Dick, a kind of hard cheese. Suffolk.
1883 A dinondbury & Huddersfield Gloss., Dick, plain pud-
ding. If with treacle sauce, treacle dick. Mod. ‘ Spotted
dick’, currant or raisin pudding.
3. slang. A riding whip.
1873 Slang Dict., Dick, a riding whip; gold-headed dick,
one so ornamented, 1891 Farmer Slang, Dick, 2. (coach-
man’s) a riding whip. : z
4. Phr. and Comb, (dial. or local.) Dichk-a-dil-
ver, the periwinkle. Dzck-a-7uesday, a will-o’-
the-wisp. Dzck-ass, a jack-ass. Dichk-dunnock, a
local name of the hedge-sparrow. Long-datled Dick,
the long-tailed titmouse.
1636 Sampson Vow Breaker (N.), Ghosts, hobgoblins,
Will-with-wispe, or Dick-a-Tuesday. a@ 1825 Forny Voc. FE.
Anglia, Dick-a-dilver, the herb periwinkle... .It is so called
from its rooting (delving) at every joint, and spreading
itself far and wide. 1832 Cor. P. Hawker Déavy (1893) I.
47 Found in the garden the nest of a ‘long-tailed Dick’,
with 3 eggs. 1847-78 HatiiwetL, Dickass, a jack-ass,
North. lbid., Diet sueiiay, the ignis fatuus.
Dick, 52.2 da/. [Perh., like prec., merely an
arbitrary application of the proper name Lick;
but a possible connexion with Du. des ‘covering,
cover, horse-cloth’ has been suggested. Cf. Dicky
sb. TII.] A leather apron,
1847-78 HatiiwELt, Dick, a leather apron and bib, worn
by poor children in the North. 1883 A dmondbury § Hud-
dersfield Gloss., Dick, a kind of apron such as worn by shoe-
makers, especially a leather one, which was called a ‘leather
dick’, 1888 Sheffield Gloss., Dick, a leather apron for
children,
Dick, 5.3 dal. [Cf. Dikeand Dircn.] a. A
ditch. b. The bank of a ditch; a dike.
1736 Pecce Kenticisms, Dick, a ditch. 1787 Marsuatt
E. Norfolk, Gloss., Dick, the mound or bank of a ditch.
1875 Sussex Gloss., Dick, aditch. 1893 Mield 25 Feb. 295/t
Most fences should be on banks with ‘dicks’ where the
ground requires them.
Dick, »2.4 slang. Abbreviation of dictionary ;
hence, ‘Fine language, long words’ (Slang
Dict).
1860 Hacisurton (Sam Slick) Season Ticket xii. (Farmer),
Ah, now you are talking ‘pic.’, exclaimed Peabody, and
I can’t follow you. 1873 Slang Dict. s.v., A man who uses
fine words without much judgment is said to have ‘swallowed
the dick’,
Dick, s¢.5 slang. [Short for declaration: cf.
Davy for affidavit.) In phr. To take one’s dick =
to take one’s declaration.
1861 D. Cook P. Foster's Dau. xxvi. (Farmer), I'd take
my dying dick he hasn’t got a writ in his pocket. 1878
DICK.
a
Yates Wrecked in Port 1,1 V'll take my dick I heard old
Osborne ip Sig 1
© To this (in the commercial sense of ‘ declara-
tion’ as to the value of goods) is perhaps to be
referred the vulgar phrase Up to dick: as adj. up to
the proper standard, excellent, ‘ proper’; as ado.
properly, suitably, fittingly.
(It has however been referred by some to Dick sbA)
1871 Daily News 7 Sept., The capital of the West is up
to dick in the matter of lunches. 187 . Greenwoop Blue
Blanket (Farmer), ‘ Ain't that up to dick, my biffin?’ 1877
Punch 10 11/1. é
+ Dicken. Oés. or dial. Some water-bird.
1579 J. Jones Preserv. Bodie § Soule i. xiv. 26 Snipe,
cali , Dicken, Poppel, Bitter, Hearon white and gray. :
mg (dikénz). slang or collog. Also 7-8
dickins, 8-9 dickons, 9 dickings.
[App. substituted for ‘devil’, as having the same initial
Pend It has been suggested to be worn down from dezil-
kin or deilkin, but no evidence of this has been found, Dickin
or Dickon, dim. of Dick (cf. Wilkin, Watkin, Yankin or
Fenkin, Simkin) was in use long before the earliest known
instance of this, and Dickens as a surname was probably
also already in existence.]
The deuce, the devil. a. Zhe dickens! (formerly
also a dickens!) an interjectional exclamation ex-
pressing astonishment, impatience, irritation, etc. ;
usually with interrogative words, as what, where,
how, why, etc. (Cf. Deuce, DEVIL.)
1598 Suaks. Merry W. un. ii. 19, I cannot tell what (the
dickens) his name is. 1600 Heywoop 1 Edw. /1’, in. Wks.
1874 I. 40 What the dickens? is it loue that makes ye prate
to me so fondly? 1676 D’Urrey Mad. Fickle 1. i, Oh have
I found you at last? I wonder where the Dickins you |
ramble! | 1687 Concreve Old Bach. 1. i, What, a dickens,
does he mean by a trivial sum? 1728 Vanpr. & Cis. /’ro7.
Husb, w. i. 72 The dickens! has the Rogue of a Count
play'd us another Trick then? 1794 Wotcortrt (P. Pindar)
Rowl. for Oliver Wks, 11. 308 Then what a dickens can I
do or say? 1842 S. C. Hatt /redand Il. 402 Why the
dickons don't you let us serve them all out at once?
b. in imprecations, as the dickens take you!;
also in phr. 40 go to the dickens, to go to ruin or
perdition ; 0 play the dickens, to cause mischief or
havoc.
1653 Urqunart Radelais 1. Prol., Hearken joltheads .. or
dickens take ye. 1656 Blount Glossogr., Dickins, a corrup-
tion of Devilkins, i. little Devils; as tis usually said, the
Dickens take you. 1771 SMottett Hmph. Cl.3 June e4 He
[the lion) would roar, and tear, and play the dickens. 1831
Moore S1wonmer Féte 822 Like those Goths who played the
dickens With Rome and all her sacred chickens. 1861 SALA
Dutch Pict. xiii. 199 They played the very dickens with
Doctor Pantologos. 1877 Biack Green Past. xiii. (1878) 336
Business went to the dickens.
¢. as a strong negative (=DEvIL 21).
1842 S. Lover Handy Andy xxiii, The dickings a mind he
minded the market. 1884 /?/ustr. Lond. News Christm.
No. 19/3 ‘ The dickens you are’, thought Fred.
Dickensian (dikenzian), @. Of or pertaining
to the English novelist Charles Dickens (died
1870), or his style. So Dickense’sque (Dicken-
esque), Dickensish, Dickensy (Dickeny ), a//s.
(All more or less nonce-wds.)
1856 Sat. Rev. 11. 196/1 A Dickenesque description of an
execution. 1880 A thenxum 25 Sept. 399/2 The Dickenesque
portion .. is poor beside its prototype. 1881 //:. 19 Mar.
90/3 He [Bret Harte] has a touch of Dickens in his style. .
he observes with a Dickensian eye. 1885 /did. 17 Oct. 503
His is a Dickensesque manner, but he has not the local
knowledge nor humour of his master. 1886 Century Mag.
XXXII. 937 My ideas of London were. .preeminently
Dickeny. 1890 Spectator 30 Aug. 281 Disraeli never de
Dicker (ditko1), 56.1 Forms: a. 4-5 dyker,
5-6 dycker, 6 deker, diker, -ar, dickar, dikkar,
7 dicar, 6-dicker. 8. 6- dacre, daker, (6 daiker,
dakir, 8 dakker). [The form dicker, ME. dyker,
etc., with the latinized forms dicora, dikera, dicra,
point to an OE. *dicor, corresponding to MLG.
déker, MUG. decher, techer, mod.G. decher, LG.
dickr (Westphal.), d#kr (Pomerania), Icel. dekr,
Da. deger, Sw. dacker; all evidently from a
WGer. *decura, *decora, ad. L. decuria, a company
or lof ten: cf. OE. sicor for L. securis, This
WGer. form must be the source of the med.L.
decora, decara, dicara, dacora (Du Cange), and of
the OF. dacre, dakere, and corresp. med.L. dacra,
dacrum, whence the Sc. and northern forms in 8,
The word has been used from ancient times in the reckon-
ing of skins or hides; a letter of the Roman Em
Valerian (a. p. 253-260) preserved by Trebellius Pollio, ahecn
Zozimion, procurator of Syria, to furnish to Claudius, among
other supplies, ‘ pellium tentoriarum decurias triginta’, i.e.
30 dickers of skins for tents. Kluge points out that the
early adoption of the Latin word by the Germans is ex-
plained by the tribute of skins which the latter had to pay
to the Romans (Tacitus Aw. iv. 72), as well as by the fact
that skins formed a leading item in the frontier trade between
the Romans and the northern barbarians, as they have in
the traffic between white men and the Indians in North
America in modern times (see Dicker .).]
‘The number of ten; half a score; being the cus-
tomary unit of exchange in dealing in certain articles,
328
Se et Sn) erat
Its use in the skin trade appears to be the only one in
continental languages; in English it has been ded to
DICKY.
I. As applied to persons.
? ‘Newt’ (See uot.)
1867 SMyTH Satlor! 's Word-bk., Dickey, an officer acting in
some other goods; the dicker (dicra or dacra) of iron in
Domesday is ag ey oom to have been ten rods, each
sufficient to make two -shoes.
a, [1086 Domesday 1. lf. 162a, 1.R. EB. reddebat civitas de
Glowecestre. .. xxxvi. d icras ferri, 1275 Placita in Curiis
Magnaj. Angliz, Per iij diker’ de corlis bovinis.] 1266-
1307 Assisa de Pond. et Mensur. (Stat. Realm 1. 205), Item
Last Coriorum ex xx Dykeres, et quodlibet Dacre constat
ex x coreiis. Item Dacre Cirotecarum ex x paribus. Pp Dacre
vero ferrorum equorum [viginti] ferris. Zransi. ex Lib.
Horw. Lond. \f. 123 A Last of Leather doth consist of
Twenty Diker, and every Diker consisteth of Ten Skins.
And a Diker of Gloves consisteth of Ten Pair of Gloves.
Item a Diker of Horse-shoes doth consist of (Ten v. 7
twenty] Shoes. 1428 /V/7l/ of Tanner (Somerset Ho.), j dyker
de Rigges ct neckes. 1467 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 384 Payinge
for the custome of euery dyker jd. 1526 7o//s in Dillon
Calais & Pole (1892) 81 A dycker of hydes tanned, ten
hydes a dyker. 1 Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 14 § 1 Two
persons .. nombre all suche lether by the hide, accomptinge
ten hides to the deker. 1553-54 Trinity Col?. Accts. in Willis
& Clark Cambridge (1886) 111. 610 It’ to John Barbour for
a dikkar of knives. 1579 in Wadley Bristol Wills (1886) 227
Fower diker of Rawe leather. 1679 BLount Anc. Tenures
A Dicar of Iron contained ten Barrs. ais Lond, Gaz.
No. 2661/4 Also 16 Dickers of Butts in the Fatts near
Tanned. 1799 S. Freeman own Of. 146 The sealer of
leather’s fee shall be 6¢. per dicker. 1812 J. Swytu Pract.
of Customs (1821) 51 Bracelets, or necklaces, of Glass. The
Gross to contain 12 Bundles or Dickers, and each Bundle
or Dicker being 10 Necklaces. 1835 P. Ketty Universal
Cambist 11. Index, Dicker, or dacre of leather, 10 hides ; of
necklaces, 10 bundles, each bundle ten necklaces.
B. [1286 in Rogers Agric. & Prices II. 458/3 (Iron &
Steel). ©1300 F/efa u1. xii. § 4 (Jam.) Item lastus coriorum
consistit ex decim dakris, & quodlibet dacrum ex decim
coriis .. Dacrum vero ferrorum equorum ex viginti ferris.]
1531 Aberdeen Burgh Rec. xm, 248 ‘The dakir of hidis.
1548 Mills & Inv. N.C. (Surtees) 130, ij daker off lether off
daker wayre iij!. vj*. viij'. 1588 I/7/ of Willison (Somer-
set Ho.), Dacre of leather. 1609 Skene Keg. Maj. Stat. of
Gild 147 In halfe ane daker of hydes. 1738 in Cramond
Ann. Banff (1891) 1. 206 For each dakker of leather freemen
shall pay 3s. 4@. 1835 (see a.) Dacre.
+b. ¢ransf. A considerable number ; a ot" a
‘heap’. Ods.
1580 Sipney Arcadia im.
(1622) 393 Behold, said Pas, a
whole dicker of wit. 1
Nasue Saffron Walden 2 Such
a huge dicker of Dickes in a heape altogether. 1602 Nar-
cissus (1893) 686 On my love kisses I heape a dicker. 1641
seatuwait Engl. Intelligencer 1, Newes, Althea, I have a
whole dicker of newes for thee. 1676 Marvett Mr. Smirke
33 But if the Dean foresee that 'tis a very vendible Book,
he .. sends up for a whole Dicker of ‘em to retaile.
Dicker (di‘ka1), 54.2. U.S. [f. Dicker v.] The
action or practice of dickering ; barter; petty bar-
gaining.
1823 J. F. Coorer Pioneer xiv. (1869) 61/1 You have sold
your betterments. Was it cash or dicker ? 1856 WHITTIER
Vanorama 270 Selfish thrift and party held the scales For
peddling dicker, not for honest sales, 1888 4’. 1. Weekly
Times 2% Mar. (Farmer A mer.), Considering the advisability
of making a dicker with his old political opponents.
Dicker, v. (5. [?f. Dicker 56.1
Quotation 1848 refers to the barter traffic on the Indian
frontier in N. America. As skins have always formed a
chief item in that trade, it has been suggested with much
probability that the verb arose, in the sense ‘to deal Ys the
dicker, to deal in skins’, among the traders with the In jans,
end has thence extended in U. S. to trade by barter gener-
ally. If this be the fact, it is interesting that a word which
passed from Latin into Germanic in special connexion with
dealing in skins, and which has ever since in Europe been
associated with this trade (see Dicker sé.'), should, in
America, through similar dealings between a civilized and
uncivilized race, have received another development of use.}
intr. To trade#by barter or exchange ; to truck ;
to bargain in a petty way, to haggle. b. vans.
To barter, exchange. Hence Dickering whl. sh. ;
also Dickerer, one who dickers.
1845 J.'I. Heaptry Lett, fr, /taly xx. 99, 1 had acquired
quite a reputation in dickering with the thieving Italian
landlords and vetturini. 1848 J. F. Cooper Oak Opening
Ciartiet), The white men who penetrated to the semi-wilds
fof the West] were always ready to dicker and to swap.
1864 Sata in Daily Tel. 7 July, The required needle was
dickered for the egg, and the Yankee was going away, 1888
Bryce Amer. Commw. U1. m. lxiii. 457 By a process of
dickering (i.e. bargaining by way of barter). .a list is settled
on which the high contracting parties agree. 1891 GoLpw.
Smiru Canadian Question, Government, in the persons
the Parliamentary heads of departments, is on the stump,
or dickering for votes. 1891 Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch
2 Apr., Bargains that would do credit to London East End
dickerers.
Dickinsonite (dikinsonoi:t). Min. [Named
1878 after the Rev. J. Dickinson : see -ITE. A hy-
drous phosphate of manganese, calcium, and sodium,
usually micaceous in structure and green in colour.
1878 Amer. Frul. Sc. Ser. m. XVI. 115 Distinct crystals
of dickinsonite are not al a jae da i,
dickey (di'ki’, sd. co/log.,
dial” Miso dickie. [The senses here included
may belong to two or more words of distinct origin.
Some of them are evidently es of Dicky,
dim. of Dick (cf. Tommy, Willy, Bobby, ete.) ;
another group is probably closely related to Dick
sb.2 3 of others the relationship is obscure.
Many other applications of ‘dicky’ may be found in the
dialect and slang dictionaries]
IL. As a name applied to animals.
2. A donkey; properly, a he-ass.
First noted in’ East Anglia and Essex, now widely known.
1793 Gentl. Mag. 1. 1083. A Donky, or a Dicky. An ass.
Essex and Suffc Moorr Fudge Fam. Paris u. 25
When gravely sitting Upon my dickey. @ Forsy Voc.
E. Anglia, Dicky-ass, a male ass; the female being usually
called a Jenny ass, or a Betty ass. E. FirzGeratp
Lett. (1889) 1. 388 About Sancho’s stolen Dicky.
attrib, 1801 Bioomrietp Rural 7., Richard & Kate
(1802) 8 Time to begin the Dicky Races, More fam’d for
laughter than for speed. 1883 Jessorr in 19¢/ Cent. Oct. 602
Ridin’ in a dickey cart’s enow for hi me.
3. A small bird (also Dicky-BiRD). a. A tame
(caged) bird. b. dial. The beter pesun
1851 Florist Nov., There was .. dicky’s cage on its old
nail, 1868 Daily Jel. 29 May, We should not like to trust
a canary bird near the picture. Mr. Radford’s monk would
surely spring from the canvas ..and crunch the dickey to
splinters. 1878 Cumbia. Gloss., Dickey, the hedge-s; Wy,
Accentor modularis, 1881 Brack Beautiful retch
xviii, (Farmer), ‘The dicky-laggers are after them too.’
“The what?’ ‘The bird-catchers, Miss.’ Swatnson
Prov. Names Birds 29 Hedge Sparrow .. Dickie (Lanca-
shire)... Blue dickie (Renfrew). | Kentish Gloss., Dicky-
hedge-poker, a hedge-sparrow, 1888 Sheffield Gloss., Dicky-
dunnock, the hedge-sparrow,
II. As a name of articles of clothing: cf.
Dick sh.2
+4. An under petticoat. Ods.
1753 Songs Costume (Percy Soc.) 231 With fringes of knot-
ting your Hickey cabod [?cabob], On —— velvet, set
gold ala-daube. 1787 M/inor 1. 99 Of all her splendid ap-
fered not a wreck remained..save her flannel dicky. 1800
Votcott (P. Pindar) Ld. Auckland's Tri. Wks. 1812 IV.
311 The hips ashamed forsooth to wear a dicky. 1847-78
Hauuwett, Dicky, a woman's under-petticoat.
+5. A worn-out shirt. (Obs. slang.)
1781 G. Parker View of Society 1. 82 note (Farmer), Dickey,
cant for a worn-out shirt.
6. A detached shirt-front.
1811 Lex. Balatronicum, Dickey, a sham shirt. 1843
THackeray Crit. Rev. Wks. 1886 XXIII. 29 If not a shirt-
collar at least a false collar, or by possibility a dicky. 1848
— Bk. Snobs xxvii, Wretched Beaux .. who sport a_lace
dickey. 1886 Barinc-Goutp Court Royaé I. vi. 87 Paper
collars, cuffs, and dickies. 1889 J. M. Barrie Window in
Thrums iii, ‘Come awa doon ., an’ put ona clean dickey.’
7. A shirt collar. (Mew England.)
1858 HoLtanp Jitcomd’s Lett. iii. 36 A beautiful cravat,
sustaining a faultless dicky. 1864 Lowett Biglow P. Poems
1890 11. 283. 1864 THoREAU Cafe Cod vi. (1894) 130 Cockles
. Jooking.. like a flaring dickey made of sand-paper. 1887
M. E. Witkins Humble Romance, etc. (1891) 50 David Em-
mens, arrayed in his best clothes, with his stiff white dickey.
8. A covering worn to protect the dress or upper
part of it during work, etc. ; variously applied (ac-
cording to time and place) to a. A leather apron or
pinafore. b. A child’s bib. ¢. A ‘slop’ or loose
over-jacket of coarse linen coming down to the waist,
worn by workmen in the north, d. An oil-skin suit.
1847-78 HAviiwet, Dicky. .acommon leather apron 1879
Cumbld, Gloss. — Dicky, a short upper nt of
coarse linen till lately worn by working men. Mrs C.
Garnett in Sunday Mag. Dec. 751/2 To the +. we
walked to be arrayed in our dickies.
IV. In other applications.
9. The seat ina carriage on which the driver sits.
(Also dicky-box.) b. A seat at the back of a
carriage for servants, ete., or of a mail-coach for
the guard.
VII. 5 The style which has cl
1806
on the box, and on_returning to the Sor discovered
the robbery. ee Juan xu. xivii, valet mounts
the dickey. hackney cabriolet
. three were sq/ into it besides the driver, who
sat..in his own —— little dickey at the side. _ 1862
SALA Seven Sons 1 iv.72 He had seen him .. in the dick
of a phaeton. 1886 Ruskin Preterita 1. vi. 185 We carried
our courier behind us in the dickey with Anne. :
10. Comd.: dicky-box (see go: dicky-daisy
(local), % nursery name for common daisy
(Bellis perennis), also ar to other wild flowers ;
dicky dilver, a local name of the periwinkle
(Britten & Holl.) = dick-a-dilver (Dick sh) ;
Dicky Sam [understood to be a corruption of Dick,
o’Sam’s, an example of the form of
patronymic], a name for a Liverpool man.
a Atanas 2 Seats We —— guess yA
iverpool a Dick . Book
Dec. 27 (Farmer The aT oe Laced Fh
re ot y Sams,
“D dickey. a. slang or collog. [Etymol.
Dicky
~not ascertained. ] OF inferior quality, sorry, poor;
fatal oe eae Dicky. ena
1812 J. H. Vaux ..very bad or palt
any ihon of an_ inferior quality, is said to be a
concern, @ 184§ Hoop Conveyancing iv, At last to find Your
DICKY-BIRD.
dinner is all dickey, 1883 Standard 8 Jan, 2/4 Without
doubt Iroquois has been very ‘dickey’ on his pins. 1889
D. C. Murray Danger. Catspaw 24 The very honestest
tradesman .. must run the risk of meeting very dicky people
now and then. 1894 Sir J. D. Asttey My Life I. 312 Poor
‘Curly’ was uncommon dicky for several days from concus-
sion of the brain.
b. Al dichy with: ‘all wp’ or ‘all over’ with.
1810 Morning Post 26 June in Spirit Pub. Frnis, (1811)
XIV. 278 At one time he thought it was all dicky with Sir
Francis. @ 1845 Barua /ugol, Leg., Bros. Birchington x\,
‘Tis all dickey with poor Father Dick—he’s no more! 1880
Mrs. Parr Adam & Eve xxxvi. 490 ‘ Ah, poor old Zebedee !
«.'tis all dickey with he.’
ce. Comb., as dicky-legged.
1894 Sir J. D. Astiey JZy Life II. 2 The trainer of some
dicky-legged racer.
Di-cky-bird, dickey-bird. col/og. [Dicky
3-] In nursery and familiar speech: A little bird,
such as a sparrow, robin, or canary-bird.
ax845 Baruam /ngol. Leg., Knight & Lady, On tree-top
and spray The dear little dickey-birds carol away. 1852
R. S. Surtees Sponge’s Sp. Tour \xv, Others take guns and
pop at all the little dickey-birds that come in their way.
@ 1869 Kinastey in Life (1879) IT. 41 Gladly would I throw
up history, to think of nothing but dicky-birds, 1886 J. K.
Fae ge Idle Thoughts 121 We do not sigh over dead dicky-
irds with the bailiffs in the house. x
b. Applied dza/. to particular birds: see quots.,
and cf, Dicky sd. 3.
1879 Cusmbld. Gloss. Suppl., Dicky-bird, a general name
foracanary. 1885 Swainson Prov. Names Birds 188 Oyster
Catcher (Hematopus ostrilegus). Dickie bird (Norfolk).
|| Diclesium (doikli-zidm). Zot. [mod.L., f.
Gr. &:- twice (Dr- 2) + «Afjots a shutting up, closing.]
A dry indehiscent fruit consisting of an achene en-
closed within the indurated base of the adherent
perianth.
1857 Henrrey Bot. 1. ii. 140 The Diclesium only differs
from the utriculus in having the indurated perianth adherent
to the carpel, and forming part of the shell (A/zradilis,
Salsola).
Diclinic (doiklitnik), @ Cryst. [f. Gr. &- two
+ «div-ew to incline + -10.] Having the lateral axes
at right angles to each other, but both oblique to the
vertical axis: applied to a hypothetical system of
crystals. Also Di-clinate a.
1864 WessTER cites Dana,
Diclinism (dai‘kliniz’m). Zot. [mod. f. as next
+-IsM: in F, diclinésme.] The condition of being
Diciinovus,
1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 920 The arrangements... manifested
in polygamy, diclinism, dichogamy, dimorphism..are differ-
ent means for promoring the cross-fertilisation of individuals
belonging to the same species.
Diclinous (dei-klinas), a. Bot. [f. F. dicline
(1793 in Hatz.-Darm.) or Bot.L. Diclines pl. (Jus-
sieu 1779), f. Gr. &- twice, double (Di-2) + «Ain
bed, couch : see -ous.
(A. L, de Jussieu gave the name Diclines irregulares to
the rsth class of his arrangement of the Natural Orders.)]
Having the stamens and pistils on separate flowers,
either on the same plant (monactous),or on separate
plants (dacious). Also said of the flowers (= uni-
sexual),
1830 Linptry Nat, Syst. Bot, Introd. 27 Even Ranuncu-
lace contain hermaphrodite and diclinous genera. 1876
Darwin Cross-Fertil. x. 409 All plants which have not since
been greatly modified, would tentl still to be both diclinous
and anemophilous. 1880 Gray Struct. Bot. vi. § 7. 270 The
flowers in all Gymnosperms are diclinous, either dicecious
or moncecious. 4 :
Dicoccous (deikg:kes), a. Bot. [f. Di-2+Gr.
xéne-os grain + -0US.] ‘Splitting into two cocci’
(Treas. Bot.) : see Coccus 2.
1819 Pantologia s.v., Dicoccous, or two-grained capsule.
1870 BentLey Bot. (ed, 2) 298 The fruit is described as di-
coccous. 1878 Masters Hen/frey’s Bot, 266 Bruniacez differ
in their dicoccous fruit.
Diccelious (dois?lias), a. [f. Di- 2 + Gr. xordi-a
a hollow +-ovs.] Having two cavities.
1836-9 Topp Cyc/. Anat. I1. 631/2 The diccelious heart of
Hunter. .exists at a very early period of the developement
of the Mammiferous fabeye.
Diceelous (daisfles), a. [f. D1- 2 + Gr. xotd-os
hollow, «oiAn a hollow +-ous.] =prec.; spec. Of
a vertebra: Cupped or hollowed at each end.
1864 WensTER cites Owen. »
Dicolic (deikdwlik), a Gr. Rhet. and Pros.
[f. Gr. dixwdros (f. &- twice + “doy limb, clause)
+-1c.] Consisting of two cola: see CoLon? 1.
rey D.Goopett in Tvans, Amer. Philol. Ass. XV1.85
ba t two lines. .resemble the two cola of a Greek dicolic
ine.
Dicondylian daikpndi‘lian), a. Zool. [f. Gr.
dixdvdvA-os double-knuckled (cf. ConDYLE) + -IAN.]
Of a skull: Having two occipital condyles.
1883 W. H. Fiower in Zucycl. Brit. XV. 370/2 The Am-
phibia are the only air-breathin:
mammals, have a dicondylian sku iD
Dicotyledon (doikptil@don), Bot. [f. mod.
Bot.L. dicotyledones (plural), f. Gr. 5:- twice + xorv-
Aniddv cup-shaped hollow or cavity: see Cory-
LEDON.
(The term Dicotyledones was employed by Ray, but its
ractical introduction into botanical classification dates from
ussieu 1779.)]
Vou. III,
Vertebrata which, like -
829
A flowering plant having two cotyledons or seed- | var. spelling of dit.
lobes: the Dicotyledons (in Bot.Lat. Dzcotyledones)
constitute one of the great classes of flowering
plants, characterized by an exogenous mode of
growth (hence also called ExocEns), and usually
by having the parts of the flower in fives or fours,
and the veins of the leaves reticulated.
[1703 Ray Methodus Plant, (ed. 2) 1 Floriferas dividemus
in Dicotyledones, quarum semina sata binis foliis anomalis,
Seminalibus dictis, que Cotyledonum usum prestant, &
terra exeunt.] 1727 Baitey vol. II, Décotyledon (with Bo-
tanists), a Term used of Plants, which spring with two
Seed Leaves opposite to each other, as the generality of
Plants have. 1830 Linptry Nat. Syst. Bot. Introd. 15 ‘Two
great divisions.. Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons. 1839
Penny Cycl. XIII. 157 In his ‘Genera Plantarum’ Jussieu
divided the vegetable kingdom into classes, subclasses,
orders, and genera .. hence his classes Acotyedons, Mono-
cotyledons, and Dicotyledons. 1875 Bennett & Dyer Sachs’
Bot. u. v. 564 In the great majority of Dicotyledons the
parts of the flower are arranged in whorls .. the whorls are
usually pentamerous, less often tetramerous.
Dicotyledonary (dai:kptil7donari), a. rare.
[f. prec. +-aRy 2.] =next.
1870 in Eng. Mech. 11 Mar. 629/2 The seeds have .. four
or more cotyledons instead of the usual dicotyledonary
structure, z F a
Dicotyledonous (doi:kptilZdénas), a. [f. as
prec.+ -ous.] Having two cotyledons; belonging
to the class of Dicotyledons.
1794 Martyn Rowssean's Bot. xiii, 131 The body of the
seed does not split into two lobes, but continues entire.
Such plants are called szonocotyledonous, the others dicoty-
ledonous. 1845 LinpLey Sch. Bot. (1858) i. 19 If the embryo
has two cotyledons it is called dicotyledonous, as in the Bean.
1861 Miss Prarr Flower. Pl. 1. 13 Dicotyledonous plants
have a distinct deposition of pith, cellular tissue, spiral ves-
sels, wood, and bark. 1872 H. Macmittan 7rve Vine iii.
87 Its dicotyledonous seed expands in germinating into two
lobes. 1872 Oxiver Elem. Bot. 1. iv. 46 The Buttercup is
dicotyledonous .. the character expressed by this term (the
possession of a pair of cotyledons, or, more strictly, the simple
fact that the first leaves of the plant are opposite).
b. Of or belonging to a dicotyledonous plant.
1870 BentLey Bot. 39 In the inner bark or liber of Dicoty-
ledonous stems. 1876 Pace Adv. Text-bh. Geol. ix. 185 The
reticulated venation of a dicotyledonous leaf.
Dicres, obs. Sc. form of DECREASE.
Dicrotal (daikratal), a. [f. as next + -aL.]
-=next, F
1867 J. Marsuatt Phys. II. 237 A subsidiary wave occurs
after the principal one, producing the phenomena named
dichrotism or the dichrotal pulse.
Dicrotic (daikrptik), a. Phys. and Path. [f.
Gr. dixpor-os double-beating (f. &- twice + «pdr-os
rattling noise, beat) +-1c: in mod.F. dicrote, med.
or mod.L. dicrotis.]
Of the pulse (or a sphygmographic tracing of its
motion): Exhibiting a double beat or wave for
each beat of the heart; applied esg. to a patholo-
gical pulse in which the secondary wave which
follows the primary is more marked than usual.
(Etymologically ‘ dicrotic’ might be applied to any double-
beating pulse, whether the secondary wave occurs in the
rise or in the fall of the main wave; it is, in use, restricted
to the latter case, the former being called Anacroric.)
(1706 Puivuirs (ed. Kersey), Dicrotus, a Pulse that beats
twice. (Soin Battey; in AsH aicrofos). 1741 Jas. NIHELL
Crises of the Pulse 1 The Pulsus Dicrotus of the Ancients,
which in English may be properly called the Rebounding
Pulse.) 181x Hoorer Med. Dict., Dicrotic, a term given
to a pulse in which the artery rebounds after striking, so
as to convey the sensation of a double pulsation. 1822
Goon Stud. Med. 11. 26 When .. we come to a distinction
between the free and dilated pulse..the quick and the fre-
quent .. the dicrotic, coturnising, and inciduous .. proposed
by Solano, as mere subvarieties of the rebounding, or re-
doubling. 1857 Dunctison Med. Dict. 772 Pulse, dicrotic
.. that in which the finger is struck twice at each pulsation,
once lightly, the other time more strongly. 1865 New Syd.
Soc. Vear-bk. Med. 11 On the other hand, increase in the
heart’s force ., makes the pulse dicrotic. 1875 H.C. Woop
Therap. (1879) 140 Some of his sphygmographic tracings are
markedly dicrotic. : ,
b. Of or pertaining to a dicrotic pulse or tracing,
as a dicrotic notch, or wave.
wg dr Syd. Soc. Retrospect Med. 149 The correspond-
ence between the depth of the dicrotic notch and the severity
of the pyrexia, 1878 Foster Phys. 1. iv. § 3.137 The dicrotic
wave occurring towards the end of the descent. 1883 Syd.
Soc. Lex., Dicrotic wave, a secondary wave which follows
more or less quickly the primary wave of the pulse in sphyg-
mographic tracings. .
Dicrotism (dei-krétiz’m). [f. as prec. +-18M.]
The condition of being dicrotic.
1864 New Syd. Soc. Year-bk. 121 Duchek .. contends that
dicrotism of the pulse is in no way dependent on the heart
or great vessels, 1867 J. Marsuatt Phys. II. 236 When the
pulse is very accurately examined, a subsidiary wave occurs
after the principal one, producing the phenomena named
dichrotism. 1875 H.C. Woop Therap. (1879) 139 Decided
therapeutic doses of digitalis .. produce great reduction and
sometimes dicrotism of the pulse. .
Dicrotous (dai-krétas), a. [f. F. dicrote, Gr.
dixpot-os (see DIcROTIC) +-oUS.] =Drcroric.
1867 New Syd. Soc. Retrospect Med, 165 At the one extreme
..lies the paralytic pulse, at the other the fully developed
dicrotous pulse. 1877 Roserts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) I. 21
The aortic wave prominent, the pulse is called dicrotous.
Dict (dikt), sd. Obs. or arch. ees L. dictum,
a saying, a word, f. dicéve to say: cf. also OF. dict,
DICTATE.
(OE. had adzht from same
source.)] A saying or maxim.
1388 Wycuir Pro. x. 34 Grostede declarith wel this in his
dicte. 1460 CapGRAVE Chron. 153 Robert Grostede..mad
eke a noble book thei clepe his Dictes. 1477 Eart Rivers
(Caxton) Dictes 2 Vhe saynges or dictis of the philosophers.
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 1121 He had in his dictes grete
obscurete and profoundnes. a 1536 Cadisto & Ale. in Hazl.
Dodsley 1. 53 According to their dicts rehearsed. 1860
Reape Cloister § H.xxxvi, The old dict was true after all.
Dict, v. Ods. or arch, [f. L. dictare to Dictate.)
trans. ‘To put into words ; to dictate. ;
a 1626 Bacon Max. §& Uses Com. Law Pref, (1636) 4 The
concordance between the lawes penn’d, and as it were dicted
verbatim. 1642 R. Batu Lett. 796, | have dicted already
my primiel lesson .. L hope to dict before June a little com-
pend of the chief controversies. 1860 READE Cloister & H/.
Ixii, Dict to me just what you would say to him.
Dicta, pl. of Dicrum.
Dictam, -amen, -amne, obs. ff. Dirrany.
Dicta‘men. ? Ods. [a. late and med.L. dc-
tamen, pl. dictamina, saying, precept, decree, f. dic-
tare to prescribe, dictate.] Dictate, pronouncement.
1626 C. More Life Sir 7’, More (1828) 131 The true dic-
tamen of his conscience. 1638 Cuitiincw. Relig. Prot...
Answ. Pref. § 27 All Protestants according to the Dictamen
of their Religion should doe so. 1652 Urqunart Yewel Wks.
(1834) 276 He will regulate his conscience by the .. true
dictamen of reason. 1787 Hawkins Yohnson 67 All the
world knows that the Essay of Man was composed from the
dictamen of Lord Bolingbroke. 1826 Blachw. Mag. XX.
223 The business of the echo..to repeat the dictamina of
his master.
+ Dictament. Oés. [ad. assumed L. *dicta-
ment-um, {, dictire to pronounce, DICTATE: see
prec. and -MENT.] a. Diction. b. A dictate.
1872 Knox //ist. Ref. Wks, (1846) I. 8 We translait ac-
cording to the barbarousnes of thair Latine and dictament.
1644 Dicny Nat. Bodies 1. xviii. (1645) 198 Sense is not easily
quieted with such Metaphysicall contemplations, that seem
to repugne against her dictaments. 1652 tr. Cassandra m1.
5 To follow the Dictaments of an Inclination that already
egan to be powerfull.
Dictate (diktét), sd. [ad. L. déctat-wm ‘thing
dictated’, subst. use of neuter pa. pple. of dzctare
to dictate (see next); in Lat. usually in pl. déctata
things dictated, lessons, rules, precepts, dictates. ]
+1. That which is orally expressed or uttered in
order to be written down ; a dictated utterance.
1617 MinsuEu Ductor in Ling., Dictates or lessons which
the master enditeth for his schollers to write. 1621 Burton
Anat. Mel. Democr. to Rdr. (1651) 12 Six or seven Amanu-
enses to write out his dictats. 169 tr. Evzlianne’s Obs.
Journ. Naples 21 They are not made to Write, that is, to
take Dictates. 1807 Crappe Libyary 74 Skill and power to
send, The heart’s warm dictates to the distant friend. 1826
(z7t/e), Dictates, or Selections in Prose and Verse for dic-
tating as exercises in Orthography.
+b. The action of dictating; Dicration. Ods.
1642 Jer. Taytor Efiscopacie xxiii. 132 Many were actually
there long after S. Pauls dictate of the Epistle. 1678 Lively
Orac. ii. § 41 Said to have wrote by dictat from him, as
Mark did from Saint Peter.
+2. An authoritative utterance or pronounce-
ment; a Dictum. Obs.
1627-77 Fectuam Resolves 1. xxii. 41 It was the Philo-
sophers dictate. 1651 C. Cartwricut Cert. Relig. 1. 164
According to the late Roman dictates. 1728 Nrwron
Chronol, Amended 19 This gives a beginning to Oracles in
Greece : and by their dictates the Worship of the Dead is
every where introduced. ,
+b. A saying commonly received; a current
saying, a maxim. Ods.
1650 Hogses De Corp. Pol. 37 This Rule is very well
known and expressed in this Old Dictate, Quod tibi fier?
non vis, alteri ne feceris, 1682 Six ‘T. Browne Chr. Mor.
mt. § rr If, according to old dictates, no man can be said to
be happy before death [ete.].
38. An authoritative direction delivered in words ;
an order given by one in authority.
1618 Donne Sevmz. cxxxiii. V. 387 A faithful executing of
his commission and speaking according to his Dictate. 1645
Wituer Vox Paci. 3 By Gods immediate dictates, I indite.
1651 Baxter /nf. Bapt. 42 Themselves give us but their
Magisteriall Dictates. 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 95 P 9,
I could not receive such dictates without horror. 1876
Mozey Univ. Serm. i. 12 They speak at the dictate of
a higher power, whose word is law. Aare
b. Often applied to the authoritative words or
monitions of a written law, of scripture or revela-
tion, and to those attributed to or derived from
inspiration, conscience, reason, nature, experience,
self-interest, and other ruling or actuating prin-
ciples.
1594 Hooxer Zecc?. Pol. 1. vii. (1597) 60 The lawes of well
doing are the dictates of right reason, 1644 BuLwer Chiron.
137 He might have followed the dictate of his owne Genius.
1656 BraMHALL Reféic. i. 56 Contrary to the dictate of his
conscience. 1 Bentiey Boyle Lect. Serm, ix. 315 He
should constantly adhere to the dictates of Reason and
Nature. 178r Gipson Decd. § F. II. xliv. 659 Every man
will obey the dictates of his interest. 1798 Mattuus Pofzi.
(1817) I. 19 Pursuing the dictate of nature in an early attach-
ment to one woman. 1874 CARPENTER Ment. Phys. 1. vi. § 1
(1879) 238 He seems to have followed the dictates of his
artistic feelings. .
Dictate (diktét, dirkte't), v. [f. L. dctat- ppl.
stem of dictare to say often, pronounce, prescribe,
dictate, freq. of dicére to say, tell.
The pronunciation dictate is now usual in England, though
unrecognized by the dictionaries, with the =" of
DICTATION.
Cassell’s Encyclopedic, 1884. The poets from G. Herbert
to Byron and Shelley have only dictate.) _
1. “rans. To put into words which are to be
written down ; to utter, pronounce, or read aloud
toa (something which he is to write).
1632 Bainstey Lud. Lit. 151 You are to dictate, or deliuer
vnto them word by word, the English of the sentence. 1661
Bramunart Just Vind. vi. 130 A book .. not penned, but
dictated by such as know right well the most secret Cabales,
and Intriques of the Conclave. @1783 Mrs. Wittiams in
Boswell's Fohnson (1831) 1. 240 He dictated them while
Bathurst wrote. . H. Newman Hist, Sk. (1873) 11.
mu. v. 262 He [Cicero] used to dictate his thoughts to his
scribes. 1856 Sir B. Bronte Psychol. /ng. Liv. 126 During
his last illness .. he dictated an account of some scientific
observations. ; .
b. absol. (the object being left out) To practise
or use dictation.
1592 Dee Comp. Rehears. (Chétham Soc.) 7, I did also
dictate upon every proposition beside the first exposition.
1633 G. Hervert 7emple, Posie ii, Whether I sing, Or say,
or dictate, this is my delight. 1667 Mitton ?. LZ. 1x. 23 My
Celestial Patroness who .. dictates to me slumbring. 1724
Swirt Drafpier’s Lett, Wks. 1755 V. 1. 91 My custom is ..
to dictate to a prentice, who can write in a feigned hand.
1871 B. Taytor Faust (1875) I. iv. 78 Yet in thy writing as
unwearied be, As did the Holy Ghost dictate to thee.
2. trans. To prescribe (a course or object of
action) ; to lay down authoritatively; to order,
or command in express terms: a. of persons.
Not now used of prescribing medicine, as in quot. 1637.
1637 Suirtey Gamester i. 1, Your learned physician dic-
tates ambergrease. 1699 C. Hopkins Crt. Prosf. i. 14 He
meditates, and dictates Europe’s Fate. 1725 Watts Logic
u. v. § 6 God can dictate nothing but what is worthy of |
himself. 1752 Jounson Rambler No. 196 ? 6 He will..
dictate axioms to posterity. 1781 Gipson Decl. & F. II.
xxxiv. 264 They dictated the conditions of peace. 1838
‘THIRLWALL Greece V. xliv. 355 Thus both were decreed ..
on the terms dictated by Philip. 1891 Speaker 2 May 5 32/2
‘The Socialist no longer thinks of dictating to society what
it ought to be.
b. of things that have acknowledged authority,
or that determine action.
16ar Burton Anat. Mel. m. iv. 1. ii. (1676) 394/1 Our own
conscience doth dictate so much unto us. 1651 Hoses
Leviath., . xxx. 185 The same Law, that dictateth to men
..what they ought todo. 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. IV. xxxi, I find
his present prosecution dictated by tyranny, cowardice, and
revenge. 1781 Cowrer 77uth 513 Of all that Wisdom dic-
tates, this the drift. 1791 Burke Corr. (1844) III. 304 Wis-
dom and religion dictate that we should follow events. 1795
S. Rocers Words by Mrs. Siddons 47 Her prudence dictates
what her pride disdained. 1819 SHELLEY Cenc? v. ii.
Which your suspicions dictate to this slave. 1878 Huxtey
Physiogr. Pref., It appeared to me to be plainly dictated by
common sense,
3. intr. To use or practise dictation ; to lay down
the law, give orders.
1651 Hosses Govt. §& Soc. vii. § 8. 125 We have seen how
Subjects, nature dictating, have oblig’d themselves. .toobey |
the Supreme Power. 1728 Pore Dunc. 1. 377 To cavil,
censure, dictate, right or wrong. 1755 YouNG Cenfawnr iii.
Wks. 1757 IV. 176 Did this poor, pallid, scarce-animated mass
dictate in the cabinet of pleasure? 1807-8 W. Irvine Sa/mag.
(1824) 55 He is the oracle of the family, dictates to his
sisters on every occasion. 1872 Geo. Exior A/iddlem. ix,
A woman dictates before marriage in order that she may
have an appetite for submission afterwards.
+4. trans. To express, indicate. Ods. rare.
1638 Six T. Hersert 7rav. (ed. 2) 95 A letter .. dictating
nothing save hypocrisie and submission. /ééd. 182 Left them
with a frowne, dictating their base carriage and my im-
patience.
Hence Dictated 7//. a., Dictating v/. sd. and
ppl. a.
1611 Corcr., Dicté, dictated, indicted. 1631 Star Cham-
ber Cases (Camden) 5 St Arthur denyed the dictating of the
letter. 1709 SteeLe & Swirt Tatler No. 71 Pg You rival
your Correspondent Lewis le Grand, and his dictating
Academy. 1815 Scott Guy M. xxxix, He'll write to my
dictating three nights in the week without sleep, 1830
Westm. Rev, X11, 3 Under the controlling and dictatin,
power of truth and nature, | Tyrwuitt Sketching Clu
47, I have worked very hard, and by strict dictated method.
tion (dikté-fon). [ad. late L. dictation-
em, n. of action from dictére to Dictatx.] The
action of dictating.
1. The pronouncing of words in order to their
being written down.
1727 Baiey vol. II, Dictation, a pronouncing or dictat-
ing of any Thing to another Man to be written by him.
1784 Jounson Dec. in Boswedl, Dictation .. would be per-
formed as speedily as an amanuensis could write, 1842 H.
Rocers /utrod. Burke's Wks. (1842) I. 8 Sketches, either
actually written by himself or at his dictation. 1868 Frer-
MAN Norm. Cong, (1876) II. viii. 272 Some evident slip of
dictation or copying. 1875 Jowert Plato (ed: 2) I, 12, I will
write out the c! from your dictation.
attrib, 1870 Dicxens £. Drood iv, M le became
traceable in the dictation-exercises of Miss Brobity’s pupils.
1894 West, Gas. 23 Feb. 6/3 A dictation cylinder will con-
tain from 1,000 to 1,200 words.
2. Authoritative utterance or prescription.
a@ 1656 Br. Hart Rem. 148 (T.) Heresies .. maintained to
the death under the pretence of the dictation and warrant
of God's spirit ! a xtos Pacey (Webster, 1828), It affords
security against the dictation of laws. 1844 Disrarui
Coningsby 11. i, The terms were at his own dictation.
b. Arbitrary command: the exercise of dictator-
ship.
1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. 1. 188 It would have probabl
been unsafe for the crown to pt dictation or ion.
1858 /did. 111. xiii. 88 The proud English nobles had now for
330
the first time to. .submit to the dictation of a lay peer. 186
May Const. Hist. (1863) 11. x. 220 No sooner has the dictation
of any j 1. .become too p d, than [etc.].
3. Something dictated.
1841 Myers Cath. Th. ut. § 32. 116
very dictations of the Almighty.
a. rare. [f. prec. + -au.] Of
or belonging to dictation.
G. W. Caste in Century Mag. XXIX.
1 The
fom Ie mind .. has retreated from its ensuuptortadibe dicta:
tional attitude. _
Dictative (diktativ, diktétiv),a. [f. Dicrare 2.
+-1VE.] Of the nature of dictation; characterized
by dictating or saying what must be done.
1768-74 Tucker Lf. Nat. (1852) II. 684 Not striving to
force attention with a dictative authority. 1 j. FP.
Had they been the
Coorer Pioneer xxiii, Such other dictative m: es as
were necessary.
Dictator (diktéitaz). [a. L. dictator, agent-n.
| from dictdre to Diggate. Cf. F. dictateur.)
1. A ruler or governor whose word is law an
absolute ruler of a state. a. or?g. The appellation
of a chief magistrate invested with absolute autho-
rity, elected in seasons of emergency by the Romans,
and by other Italian states.
1387 ‘Trevisa //igden (Rolls) IL. 273 After consuls, tribunes
plebis and dictatores rulede the comounte. 1470-85 MaLory
Arthur vy. i, The Emperour Lucyus whiche was called at
that tyme Dictatour or procurour of the publyke wele of
Rome. 1 " (pst, Courtier, Was he not called to
be dictator from the plough? 1607 Suaks. Cor. 11. ii. 93 Our
then Dictator..saw him fight. 162z Burton Anat. Mel.
1. ii. 1. iv, As in old Rome, when the Dictator was created,
all inferiour magistracies ceased. 1 Bo incBroke
On Parties 164 A Dictator was a Tyrant for six Months.
1874 Morey Compromise (1886) 11 Our people .. have long
ago superseded the barbarous device of dictator and Cesar
by the manly arts of self-government. Pings
. A person exercising similar authority in a
medizeval or modern state; ¢sf. one who attains to
such a epee in a republic. Also ¢ransf.
c1sgz2 Martowe Massacre Paris u. vi, Guise, wear our
crown..And, as dictator, make or war or peace. 1671 MILTON
P.R.1. 113 To him their great Dictator, whose attempt At
first against mankind so well had thriv’d. 1840 Penny Cycl.
XVII. 227 After some changes in the government, Doctor
Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia became dictator [of Para-
guay). 1863 KinciaKke Crimea (1876) I. xiv. 235 Numbers
in France .. would have been heartily glad to see the Re-
public crushed by some able dictator.
2. A person exercising absolute authority of any
kind or in any sphere; one who authoritatively
prescribes a course of action or dictates what is to
be done.
1 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. iv. § 12 The overmuch credit
that hath been given.unto authors in sciefces, in making
them dictators. 1625 Bb. Jonson Staple of N. m1. ii, Say
that you were the emperor of pleasures, The great dictator
of fashions, for all Europe. a 1654 SELDEN 7 ad/e-t. re by
He..was usually stiled the great dictator of learning of the
English nation. 1700 Tyrrett Hist. Eng. 11. 893 Arbitra-
tors, who are sometimes called Assessors, sometimes Dic-
tators of Amends. 1720 Swirt Mod. Educ. Wks. 1755 11.
1. 34 The dictators of behaviour, dress, and politeness. 1875
Stusss Const, ist. 111. xxi. 525 The medieval church of
England stood before the self-willed dictator [Henry VIII].
1892 F. Lawtey Pref. to Racing Life Ld. G.C. Bentinck 7,
I inquired who was now the Dictator of the’ Turf.
3. One who dictates to a writer.
1617 Minsuev, Ductor in Ling., A Dictator, or inditer.
1721 Baitey, Dictator, he that tells another what to write.
1873 J. Raine Lett. fr. N. Registers Pref. 18 Marks of in-
terest which delineate to a certain extent both the dictator
and his amanuensis. 1883 A¢henaum 16 June 759/1 Re-
miniscences .. dictated to a scribe and checked here and
there by reference to documents in the dictator's posses-
sion. ;
4, attrib,
1845 J. Witson Noct. Ambr. Wks. 1855 1. 22 Certainly
these are not dictator times,
‘torate. [f. Dicraror +-aTE1.] The
office of a dictator.
1866 CartyLe /naug. Addr. 179 Oliver Cromwell's Protec-
terete, * Dictatorate if 7 wi Key ae rw it so. om
oLDw. Saitx in Macm, Mag. . 531/1 Cicero accept
and .. served under the dictatorate of Cesar
Dictatorial (diktatderidl), a [f. L. décta-
tori-us of or belonging to a dictator + -aL. So
mod.F. dictatorial (adm. by Academy 1835).]
1. Of, pertaining, or proper to a dictator.
rzor W. Worron Hist. Rome vii. 118 The whole Dicta-
torial Power within the City. Mipp.eton Cicero II.
vu. 119 He (Caxsar] was created Dictator .. and by his Dic-
tatorial power dec! himself Consul, x nn, Reg.
Pref., The late metamorphosis of the [French] Republic into
a dictatorial or military government. 1818 Byron Ch, Har,
1v. Ixxxiv, Thou didst lay down With an — smile ..
The dictatorial wreath, 1849 Macautay ///st. Eng. 1. 542
A captain who has been entrusted with dictatorial power,
2. Pertaining to or characteristic of dictation ; in-
clined to dictate or prescribe the actions of others ;
imperious ; overbearing in tone.
a — T. Brown Sat. Persius Wks. 1730 I. 53 A dictatorial
youth does envy draw, 1724 Swirt ‘Drapier’s Lett. Wks.
1841 II. 26 By violent es, and a di ial behavi
1748 Richarpson C/arissa(1811) V1. 107 Sally was laying out
the law, and prating away in her usual dictatorial manner.
1818 Miss Mirrorp in L’Estrange Life (1870) I, 36 He is
. -very learned, very dictatorial, very knock-me-down.
Brack Pr. Thule xxiv. 389 The dictatorial enunciation
his opinions,
DICTATRESS.
Dictatorialism. [f. prec.+-1su.] A dicta-
—_ — mode of action, or
a
Mrs. C. Shaks. Char. it. 60 The ostentatious
ising and sententious di ialism of Jaques.
yadv. [f.as prec.+-LY2.] In
a dictatorial manner; imperiously; with the tone
or manner of authority.
a H. Warrote Mem. Geo, 17 ) TL. viii Lord
Hardwicke still took the lead very tically” 1832
Examiner §38/t Why should the state dictatorially in
and forbid the transaction? 1880 Mrs. Forrester Xoy.
§ aes 13 ‘ You will come to-morrow’, repeats Netta dicta-
torially. :
Dictato'rialness. [f.as prec. + -nxss.] Dic-
tatorial quality or manner; imperiousness.
1876 Gro. Etior =? Oct. in Cross Life III. 294
-
A spirit of —— Pp is
observable. Mrs. Fernerstonnaucn A. Dering I. i.
18 ‘You never spoke to any one else!’ .. adds Mary, with
sisterly dictenoriataess. 1888 7'imes 25 Dec. 3/2 The Cabinet
brought about through the
en
crisis in Bulgaria has
ai <1 of M. S
+ Dictato'rian, a. Ods. [f. L. dictétori-us
of or belonging to a dictator+-aNn.] Of, proper
to, or characteristic of, a dictator.
¢ 1642 Contra-Replicant's Compl. 19 A kind of a dicta-
torian power is to be allowed to her. — 1659 J. HarrincTon
Lawgtving ui. iii. (1700) 415 Samuel, distinguishing to per-
fection between Dictatorian and Royal Power. 1709-L,
Mitsourne Melius Jug. 6 Took all the power into his own
hand, govern’d in the dictatorian way. 1711 Dennis Reflect.
on ‘ Ess, Criticism’ 2 While this little Author struts and
affects the Dictatorian Air,
Dictatorily (di-ktaterili), adv. [f. Dicratory
a. +-LY 2.) = DICTATORIALLY.
1788 Burns Let. to Clarinda Sunday Noon (Globe) c. 383
They must also be so very dictatorily wise. 1867 Hare's
Guesses 226 An academy will lay down laws dictatorily.
- . C. Jerrery ¥. Vraille I. viii. 203 Ordering his
* daddee * about so dictatorily.
+ Dicta‘toring, v4/. sb. Obs. rare. [f. Dtc-
TATOR +-ING!; cf. tailoring, soldiering.] Acting
as dictator.
1644 J. Goopwin Danger Fighting agst.God 48 Diametrally
bent against all dictatoring, and law-giving by men.
e, a. an 5
A. adj. Like or befitting a dictator.
1641 R. Brooxe Eng. Efisc. 34 If they only took a Dic-
tatorlike power. 1 J. Goopwix Danger Fighting agst.
God 47 Any ambitious or Dictator-like designe. 1680
Hickerincitt Wks, (1716) I. 261 A Style and Language
more Magisterical, Dictator-like,
B. adv. Like or after the manner of a dictator.
1581 Mutcaster Positions xlv. (1887) 293, 1 do not herein
take vpon me dictatorlike to —— pep sage 1646
Six T. Browne Psend. Ep. To Rdr. Avja, Nor have wee
Dictator-like obtruded our conceptions,
torship (dikté'taifip), [See -surr.]
1. The office or dignity of a dictator.
1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 176 Bicause he would
not have the dictatorship, and the other the consulship. 1636
E. Dacres tr. Machiavel's Disc. Livy 1. 129 If any one
were made Dictatour, he got most honour by it, that layd
downe his Dictatourship soonest. 1665 Mantey Grofius’
Low C. Warres 167 They advised him [Leicester] also to
a too hasty. .hope of the Dictatorship, after the of
the Prince of Aurange. 1796 H. Hunrer tr. St. Pierre's
Stud, Nat, (x79) 1 ast Attilius-Regulus, who was called
from the plough to -Dictatorshi; Auson /ist.
Sevale Tt. 33.5 a 09 Seas ip is t in
the ir of 1838 Arnotp Hist. Rome 1. 446
2. Absolute authority in any sphere.
16.. Drypen (J.), Thisis that i
is exercised by Lucretius, t
Warts /mprov, Mind 1. v. $9 an author .. assumes
an air of ignty and d hip. 1869
22 Dec., The w! mo’ was an
illegal dictatorship in the Church, 1892
Chaucer 11, vii. 100 His [Dryden's] literary dictatorship .,
~—_ ms Times uly, The House. .rejected the first,
ltrib, ane ’ oe
wr dictatorship baw the bill.
+ Dicta tory, sé. Ods. rare. In 6-oury. [a.
OF. dictatorie, -urie (Bersuire’s transl. of Livy, 14th
c, in Godef.), f. L. dictdtor.] Dictatorship.
1533, Bettennen Livy u, (1822) 151 The Faderis .. thocht
exp Saat fo. 68 eho seplrs dictatoury to ane man of
u . ;
“Dictatory (diktitori), a, (ad. L. dictatéri-us,
f, dictator-em Dicrator. Cf, OF. dictatoire, Sp.
Oecea act Anak tO Oe Rig wi ck eal
A Wil i
audi harika laine Secgrseaioh igus Graben tin
to spell a presump-
tion. New Monthly Mag. 1X. The three dictat
i a mcd men an M. Lemon Walt
hom Europe bow.
for End xviii. (1866) —- solemn dictatory letter. 1872
5 omen Budget of Paradoxes 378 When he obtrudes
is office in a
bemwasr 5 manner,
Dictatress (dikté*trés). [f. DicraTor +.-Ess,
Cf. next.] A female dictator. Zt, and fig.
1784 R. Barham Downs I. 1 Vi was the uni-
v dictatress. 1809 Byron Bards & Kev. li, Earth's -
chief dictatress, ocean's lovely Napoleon
Ixxvi, Paris .. the dictatress.,of taste .. to .. Europe. 1874
Hers /van De Biron v. vi. 290 She was a dictatress in al
matters that to the dress, scenery, and general ar- —
rangements,
DICTATRIX.
Dictatrix (diktéitriks). (a. L. dtctatrix, fem.
of dictator: see -TRIX. In F. dictatrice.] A female
dictator: =prec.
1623 CockerAm, Dictatrix, a woman commanding things
to be don. 1647 Jer. Taytor Lib. Proph. Ep. Ded. 42 The
Church of Rome which is the great dictatrix of dogmaticall
resolutions. 1789 Bentuam Ws, (1838-43) X. 206 A Dic-
tatrix on the seas. 1848 Lyrron Cartons 1.11. ix, Mrs, Prim-
mins .. h | , and tyrannical dictatrix of the whole
establishment.
Dictature (diktéitiii:).
office of a Dicrator: see -URE,
(15th c. in Godef. Suppi.).]
“Ll, =Dicrarorsure.
1553 GriMALDE Cicero's Offices 11. (1558) 84 The other who
in the dictature had been secretarie. 1605 Bacon Adv.
Learn. 1. vii. § 29. 40 What strange resolution it was in
Lucius Scylla, to resign his Dictature. 1640 G. Warts tr.
Bacon's Adv, Learn. Pref. 10 Autors, who have usurp’t a
kind of Dictature in Sciences, cx810 L. Hunt Blice-Stocking
Revels i. 152, 1 can’t see.. why love should await dear
good Harriet’s dictature! 1867 Contemp. Rev. VI. 413
A temporal dictature took the place of the former .. com-
bination of the spiritual and temporal powers. 1875 Brown-
inc Aristoph. Afol. 101 Choosing the rule of few, but wise
and good, Rather than mob-dictature.
2. A collective body of dictators.
1759 State Papers in Ann, Reg. 203/2 An imperial decree
of commission was carried to the dictature against that reso-
lution. 1855 M. Brinces Pop. Mod. Hist. 435 Nine indi-
viduals were chosen out of it to form a Dictature.
+ Dictery. Obs. rave—'. [ad. L. dictérium
a witty saying, bon-mot, in sense associated withe
L. dictum, but in form like Gr. dexerhprov a place
for showing, a pulpit.] A witty saying.
1632 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. ii. v. v. 589 In a publike
auditory .. 1 did heap up all the dicteries I could against
women, but now recant.
Dictical, var. form of Drtcrica, Oés.
iction (dikfon). [a. F. diction (12th c. in
Hatz.-Darmi.), or ad. L. déctzdn-em saying, diction,
mode of expression; in late L., a word; n. of
action from @icére to say.
Apparently not in English Dictionaries before Johnson.]
+1. A word. Ods.
. 1542 Upaty Zrasm. aa 1. (1877) 136 Two sondrie
wordes, albeit by reason of the figure called Synalephe, it
seemeth in maner no more but one diction. 1549 Cod.
Scot. Prol. 17 The quhilkis culd nocht be translatit in oure
Scottis langage, as .. pretours, tribuns, and mony vthir ro-
mane dictions. 1652 GAULE Magastrom. L iva, Dictions,
syllables, letters, numbers, 1 tr. Burgersdicius his
Logick 1. xxv. 99 In Dictions are first to be consider’d their
Etymology and Conjugation, and then their Synonymy
and Homonymy, and Acception Words.
+2. A phrase, locution, mode of speech. Ods.
a@ 1660 Hammonp ls. I. 425 (R.) We are not wont to re-
uire the dictions of the New Testament... to be tryed by
ttical heathen Greek writers, 1709 STEELE Tatler No. 62
\P 7 An easy Flow of Words, without being distracted (as
\we often are who read much) in the choice of Dictions and
hrases,
+3. Expression of ideasin words; speech; verbal
description. Ods.
(In Shakspere in an intentionally Euphuistic passage.)
1581 Sipney Afo/. Poetrie(Arb.) 68 Now, for the out-side
of it .. which is words, or .. Diction. 1602 SHaxs. Ham.
v. ji. 123 To make true diction of him, his semblable is his
mirror.
[ad. L. dictatiira the
Cf. F. dictature
nce of his diction, and the
is acauLay Hist, Eng. 111. 134
Tyrconnel .. with his energy of diction, invoked on
himself all the vengeance of heaven if the report was not
acursed, a blasted, a confounded lie. 1886 Ruskin Preterita
I. vii. 208 My mother... resolved that I should learn absolute
accuracy of diction and precision of accent in prose.
Dictiona‘rial, a. rare. [f. med.L. dictéonari-
um Dictionary + -At I. 3.] . Of, pertaining to, or
characteristic of a dictionary ; lexic phical.
1750 Beawes Lex Mercat. (1752) p. viii, As e subject
is placed by itself the chain of phe is not Geokes & ,
as it is in the dictionarial and some other methods.
+ Dictiona‘rian. Ods. rare. [f. as prec.+-aN.]
The maker of a dictionary; a lexicographer.
1846 WorcesTER cites Dr. Dawson.
+ Dictionarist. Ods. rare.
The maker of a dictionary.
1617 Cottins Def. Bp. Ely u.. vi. 238 One of the Diction-
arists afc d (viz. Budzeus, Crispinus] quotes the place.
[f. next + -1s7.]
/
nn
331
Dictio (ditkfanari). [ad. med.L. dic-
lionarium or dictionarius (sc. éber) lit.‘a repertory
of dictionés, phrases or words’ (see Diction) in F.
dictionnaire (R. Estienne 1539), It. déz¢onaréo, Sp.
diccionario. |
1. A book dealing with the individual words of
a language (or certain specified classes of them),
so as to set forth their orthography, pronunciation,
signification, and use, their synonyms, derivation,
and history, or at least some of these facts: for
convenience of reference, the words are arranged in
some stated order, now, in most languages, alpha-
betical ; and in larger dictionaries the information
given is illustrated by quotations from literature ;
a word-book, vocabulary, or lexicon.
Dictionaries proper are of two kinds: those in which the
meanings of the words of one language or dialect are given
in another (or, in a polyglot dictionary, in two or more
languages), and those in which the words of a language are
treated and illustrated in this language itself. The former
were the earlier. 5
Dictionarius was used ¢ 1225 by Joannes de Garlandia, a
native of England, as the title of a collection of Latin
vocables, arranged according to their subjects, in sentences,
for the use of learners; e.g. 255 F
‘In horto magistri Johannis sunt herbe scilicet iste: salvia,
petroselinum, dictamnus, ysopus, celidonia, feniculus,
piret({r]um, columbina, rosa, lilium, et viola; et a latere
crescit urtica, carduus, et saliunca.’ A 5 A
In the following century Peter Berchorius (died Paris,
I 362) wrote a Dictionarium morale utriusque Testamenti,
consisting of moralizations on the chief words of the Vulgate
for the use of students in theology. In 1538 Sir-Fhonias
Elyot published his Latin-English ‘Dictionary’; and in
1556 J. Withals published ‘A shorte dictionarie for yonge
beghiners in English and Latin, in which the words were
arranged not alphabetically, but under subject-headings, e.g.
*“the names of Byrdes, Byrdes of the Water, Byrdes about
the house, as cockes, hennes, etc., of Bees, Flies, and
others,’ etc, In 1539 R. Estienne published his Dictionatre
Francots-latin, Dictionaries (so entitled) of English and
various modern languages appeared in England from 1547
onward; in the 17th c. the name was gradually extended
to works explaining English words, only ‘hard words’
being admitted into the earliest English Dictionaries.
‘ Vocabulary is now generally limited to a smaller and less
comprehensive collection of words, or to a word-book of
technical, or specific terms, Lexicon is the name usually
iven to dictionaries of Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, Syriac,
thiopic, and some other literary languages.
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 233 And so Peter
Bercharius in his dictionary describeth it? 1538 (¢7¢/e), The
Dictionary of syr Thomas Eliot knyght. — Preface A ij
bk., About a yere passed I begannea Dictionarie, declaryng
latine by englishe. 1547 SaLessury (f7f/e', A Dictionarie
in Englyshe and Welshe, moche_ necessary to all such
Welshemen as will spedly lerne the Englyshe tongue, 1556 4
Witnats Shorte Dictionarie (1568) Colophon: ® Thusendeth
this Dictionarie, very necessary for children : compiled by J.
Withals. 21568 Ascuam Scholen. (Arb.) 27 As the Grammer
booke be euer in the Scholers hand, and also vsed of him,
as a Dictionarie, for euerie present vse. 1580 J. Barer
(titde), An Alvearie or Quadruple Dictionarie, containing
foure sundrie tongues: namelie English, Latine, Greeke,
and French. 1588 A/arfrel. Epist.(Arb.) 42 His Lordship
of Winchester is a great Clarke, for he hath translated his
Dictionarie, called CofoJpers Dictionarie verbatim out of
Robert Stephanus his Thesaurus, and ilfauored to, they
say. 1598 Frorio (¢it/e), A Worlde of Wordes, or most
copious, and exact Dictionarie in Italian and English,
collected by Iohn Florio. c¢ 1616 Webster Duchess of Mali
v. ii, A..disease..they call lycanthropia. Pes. What's that?
I need a dictionary to’t. 1623 H. Cockrram (fit/e), The
English Dictionarie: or an Interpreter of hard English
Words. 1656 T. Biount ge Glossographia or a Dic-
tionary Interpreting all such Hard Words .. as are now
used in our refined English Tongue. 1665 BoyLe Occas.
Refi. v. vii. (1845) 322 A man must have .. learn’d an
Hebrew Grammar, and turn’d over.Buxtorf’s, Schindler's,
and other Dictiomaries. 17ax N. Baicey (¢éte), An Uni-
versal Etymological English Dictionary. 1752 FIELDING
Amelia Wks. 1775 X. 129 All the major’s words are not to
be found in a gpesetec hb 1755 JoHNson Dictionary Pre-
face P 3, I have, notwithstanding this discouragement, at-
tempted a dictionary of the English language, which, while
it was employed in the cultivation of every species Bal litera-
ps
ture, has itself been hitherto neglected. i
12 149 Morrison mentions..a.dicti an i
n, ical_.characters, .as..having
II00 before Christ, 1857 Trencu Ox
some ss im our English Dictionaries 4 A Dic-
pes according to that idea of it which seems to be alone
capable of being logically maintained, is an inventory of the
language. 1870 Emerson Soc. § Sodit., Books Wks. (Bohn)
III. 87 Neither is a dictionary a book to read .. it is
full of suggestion,—the raw material of possible poems and
histories. 1878 R. W. Date Lect. Preach. vi. 181 A dic-
tionary is not merely a home for living words ; it is a hospital
for the sick; it is a cem for the dead.
+b. fig. The vocabulary or whole list of words
used or admitted by any one. Ods.
1579 Furxe Heskins’ Parl. 58 If 1 may vse that tearme
vnder correction of M. Heskins dictionarie. et 9 Sir T.
Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. x. 41 Not only in the dictionary
of man, but the subtiler vocabulary of Satan. 1727 Swirr
Gulliver 1. ii. Wks. 1883 XI. 197, I much enlarged my
dictionary ; and when I went next to court, was able to
understand many things the king spoke.
2. By extension: A book of information or refer-
ence on any subject or branch of knowledge, the
items of which are arranged in alphabetical order ;
an alphabetical encyclopedia: as a Dictionary of
Architecture, Biography, Geography, of the Bible,
of Christian Antiquities, of Dates, etc.
DICTUM,
‘Here the essential sense ‘word-book’ is supplanted by
the accidental one of ‘reference book in alphabetical order’
arising out of the alphabetical arrangement used in modern
word-books.)
1631 Massincer Emp. East 1.ii, 1 haye composed a dic-
tionary, in which He is instructed how, when, and to whom,
To be proud or humble. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 499 P 2
The story..which I have since found related in my historical
dictionary. 1871 Mortey Voltaire (1886) 299 Minutia
ought to be collected by annalists, or in some kind of dic-
tionaries where one might find them at need.
b. fig. A co or thing regarded as a reposi-
tory of knowledge, convenient for consultation.
1774 Gotpsm. Nat, Hist. (1776) I. Pref. 7 A system may
be considered as a dictionary in the study of nature. 1837
Emerson Addr, Amer. Schol. Wks. (Bohn) II. 181 Life is
our dictionary. 1849 Macaucay //ist. Eng, 11.180 Burnet
was eminently qualified to be of use as a living dictionary
of British affaiss, 1893 SrLous 7rav. S. E. Africa 359
Mr. Edwards is a perfect walking dictionary concerning all
matters connected with sport and travel in the interior of
South Africa.
3. attrib..and Comd., as dictionary English,
order, phraseology, word; dictionary-maker, -mak-
ing, -writer,, -writing ; dictionary-tutored, adj. ;
dictionary-monger, one who deals much with
dictionaries; dictionary-proof a., proof against
the informing influence of a dictionary.
1632 J. Haywarp tr Biondi s Eromena Aiv, I would not
.. be taken (or rather mistaken) for a Dictionary-tutred
Linguist. 1668 Witkins Xea/ Char. Ded. A iij, ‘This Work
of Dictionary-making, for the polishing of their Language.
1727 Swirt Gulliver i. xii. Wks. 1883 XI. 355 Writers of
travels, like dictionary-makers, are sunk into oblivion by the
weight and bulk of those who come last, and therefore lie
uppermost. 1742 ArBuTHNOT & Pope, etc., Note on Dunciad
iv. 231 ‘The first [Suidas] a dictionary-writer, a collector of
impertinent facts and barbarous words. 1759 GotpsM. Polite
Learn, ii, Dictionary writing was at that time much in
fashion. 1806 Oracle in Spirit Pub. Fruls, (1807) X. 43 The
dictionary-monger in the Bdind Bargain. 1818 Miss
Mitrorp in L’Estrange L//¢ (1870) II. 27 After the fashion
of certain dictionary-mongers who ring the changes upon
two words. 1819 Sforting Mag. V. 122 Grose..was even
dictionary-proof. 1830 Gat Lawrie 7. vil. iii. (1849) 318
Miss Beeny was an endless woman with her dictionary
phraseology. 1831 Cartyte Sart. Res. 1. iv, He .. calls
many things by their mere dictionary names. 1858 R. S.
Surtees Ask Mamma i. 1 His fine dictionary words and
laboured expletives. 1880 Grant Waite Every-Day Eng.
100 Trying to speak dictionary English. 1882 Freeman in
Longm. Mag. 1. 97 Did anybody, even a dictionary-maker,
really fancy that the last three letters of ‘neighbour’ had
anything in common with the last three letters of ‘honour’?
Hence Dictionaryless @., without a dictionary.
1854 Fraser's Mag. L. 317 Battling, grammarless and
dictionaryless, with a work in astrange idiom.
Dictionee'r. nonce-wd. [f. Diction + -EER; cf.
auctioneer.) One who makes it his business to criti-
cize diction or style in language. (contemptuous.)
* 1848 Zait’s Mag. XV. 557 Taking a high tone against the
decision of the ‘dictioneers’ generally.
+ Dictitate, v. Ods. rare. [f. L. déctitire to
say often or emphatically, freq. of déctdre: see
Dicrate.}] ¢vans. To declare.
1615 A, Starrorp Heav. Dogge 44 No doubt the old man
did dictitate thinges, the knowledge wherof would haue
beautified all happy wits.
+ Di-ctour. Ods. rare —}. [a. Anglo-Fr. *déctour
=OF. dicteor, diteor, author, dictator, arbiter :—L.
dictator-em : see DicTator.] (?) A spokesman.
2ax1400 Morte Arth. 712 Syr Mordrede.. Salle be thy
dictour, my dere, to doo whatte the lykes.
|| Dictum (dikt#m). Pl. dicta, dictums,
[L. dictum thing said, saying, word, f. dct-us, pa.
pple. of dicére to say.] A saying or utterance:
sometimes used with emphasis upon the fact that
it is a mere saying; but oftener with the implica-
tion of a-formal pronouncement claiming or carry-
ing some authority. (In the latter case probably
transferred from the legal use in b.)
1706 Puituirs (ed. Kersey), Dictum (Lat.) a Word, a Say-
ing, a Proverb; an Order or Command. 1787 Sir J. Hawkins
Life of Fohnson 542 This dictum carries the more weight
with it, as it comes from a man whose sentiments, respecting
sectaries, may be inferred from the following passage. 1787
Gentl. Mag. Nov. 947/1 The above quoted sentence is a
dictum of Johnson’s after reading these several opinions,
1809 Edin. Rev. XIV. 452, He concludes his remarks, or
rather dicta upon this topic, with the following passage.
182x Craic Lect. Drawing vii. 365 We will not take for
our guide the dictum of any professor in the art, 1828
ComBe Const. Max ii. (1835) 65 The collective dicta of the
highest minds illuminated by the greatest knowledge.
1861 Court Life at Naples 11. 148 His dictums were not
regarded with the same awe to which he had been used.
1874 Hetps Social Press. viii. 104, I will..allow Milverton’s
dicta to pass unquestioned. es i
b. In Zaw, An expression of opinion by a judge
on matter of law, which is not the formal resolution
or determination of a court.
1776 Burrow Reforts IV. 2294 He intimated that long
contrary Usage ought to go a t way towards over-
turning any old Dictum. 1827 Jarman Powell’s Devises
II. 62 Against these authorities may be adduced the
solitary dictum of Lord Rosslyn, who, in Walker v.
Denne doubted whether there was any equity between the
real and personal representatives. id. 299 The doctrine
appears to rest solely on the dicta of the Li Commis-
sioners, 1863 H. Cox Justit, 1. ix. 215 The dicta of judges
concerning privilege of Parliament have been very conflict-
ing. 1892 Law Frni. Notes of Cases sat”) 4/2 The
—-2
DICTYOGEN,
statement in Maure v. Harrison that he is so entitled is a
dictum only, and cannot be supported,
ec. A thing that is generally said; a current
saying ; a maxim or saw.
1826 Syp. Smitu Wks. (1852) I. 110/2 Of all false and
foolish dicta, the most trite and the most absurd is that
which asserts that the Judge is counsel for the prisoner.
1848 Mitt Pol. Econ. v. xi. § 5 The ular dictum, that
people understand their own interests better .. than govern-
ment does, or can be expected to do, 1859 — Liberty ii. 52
The dictum that truth always triumphs. 1871 Biackie
Four Phases i. 36 The famous dictum that ‘the natural
state of man is a war of all men against all men.’
+d. In old Logic, the statement in a modal pro-
position.
1697 tr. Burgersdicius his Logick 1, xxviii. 113 Modal
Enunciation consists of a Dictum and Mood: The Dictum
of which is as it were the Subject, and the Mood the Pre-
dicate ..‘It is necessary that God be good’: that is, Deum
esse bonum; the Dictum is, that God be good the Mode,
Necessary. , .
e. In some historical and other phrases:
Dictum of Kenilworth, an award made in 1266 between
King Henry III and the barons who had taken arms against
him. Dictum of Aristotle, dictum de omniet (de) nullo i.e.
‘concerning every and none’, the name given by the School-
men to the canon of direct syllogism, given by Aristotle
(Adyouer 5€ 1d Kara mavTos Katnyopetabat ,, Kai TO KaTa pN-
devos, An. Pr.t.i.): see quots. Obiter dictum: see OsiteR.
1670 BLount Law Dict. s.v., Dictum de Kenelworth was
an Edict or Award between Henry III and all those Barons
..who had been in Armes against him. 1697 tr. Burgers.
dicius his Logick u. viii. 32 1f the Dictum of All and None
Paraphrastically propounded. 1761 Hume //ist. Eng.
(1763) I. 233 Knights and esquires, says the dictum of
Kenelworth, who were robbers, if they have no land, shall
pay the half of their goods, 1827 WuHateLy Logic 38 The
object of Aristotle’s dictum is precisely analogous. 1843
Mitt Logic 1. v. § 3 These views .. are the basis of the cele-
brated dictum de omni et nullo. 1864 Bowen Logic vii. 187
The famous Dictum of Aristotle, usually called the Dictum
de omnt et nullo, that whatever is predicated (affirmed or
denied) universally of any Class (i.e. of any whole), may be
also predicated of any part of that Class.
Dictyogen (di-ktio,dzen, diktai-d,dgzen). Bos. [f.
Gr. diervo-v net + -yevns born, produced: see -GEN!,
Formed to match Eudogen, Exogen, and other
terms of the same classification. ]
The name applied by Lindley to those plants
which have a monocotyledonous embryo, and re-
ticulated leaf-veins (in the latter respect resembling
the Dicotyledons).
1846 LinpLey Veg. Kingdom 4 The separation by me of
Endogens into 1. Endogens proper, and 2. Dictyogens.
1855 — in Circ. Sc., Botany 184 Dictyogens are Endogens,
but with the peculiarity that the root is exactly like Exogens
without concentric circles, and the leaves fall off the stem
by a clean fracture, just as in that class. 1857 BerkELEY
Cryfptog. Bot. § 39. 52 Dictyogens are supposed to approach
Exogens in their leaves and in the arrangement of their
tissues, but their embryo and the development of their wood
are distinctly monocotyledonous. 1860 Darsy Bot.
Southern States 600 Dictyogens, monocotyledonous plants,
with net-veined leaves, as smilax and trillium. :
Hence Dictyo'genous a., belonging to this group
of plants.
Dicy‘an-, dicy'ano-. Chem. Dr-2 +
Cyan(o-.] Combined with two equivalents of the
radical cyanogen, CN, replacing two of hydrogen,
chlorine, etc. (See CYAN- 2.)
Dicyanide (deisaiinaid). Chem. [f. Di-2 +
CyanipE.] A compound containing two cquiva-
lents of cyanogen (CN) united to an element or
dyad radical, as mercuric dicyanide a A Ye
1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem. 11. 221 Dicyanide and tricy-
anide of iron have not yet been obtained in very definite form.
Dicya'nogen. Chem. See Di-* and Cyano-
GEN. Cyanogen in the free form.
Dicycle (dai-sik’l). [f. D1-2 + Gr. ed*dos wheel,
Cycie. (A more regularly formed word than the
hybrid dicycle.\] The name given to a form of
velocipede in which the two wheels are parallel to
each other, instead of being in the same line as in
a bicycle.
[1870 Belgravia Feb. 441 Bicycle should be either dicycle
or birota.) 1887 Cycl. Tour. Club Gaz. Jan. 14/1 They
will exhibit..a new tricycle, a new bicycle, and a dicycle on
the lines of the ‘Otto.’ 1892 Cycl. Tour. Club Handbk. 49
‘Otto’ and other Dicycles, same rate as Tricycles,
Hence Di-cyclist, one who rides a dicycle.
1887 Bicycling News 11 June 145/1.
Dicynodont (doisi‘nddgnt), sd. and a. Palwont.
mod. {, Gr. &- two + kwv- dog + d50v7- tooth.) A
ossil reptile characterized by the absence of all
teeth except two long canines in the upper jaw.
b. aaj. Having this character.
The typical genus is Dicynodon, order Dicynodontia.
1854 Owen in Circ, Sc. (¢ 1865) IL. 97/2, I have called
them ‘ Dicynodonts’, from their dentition being reduced to
one long and large canine tooth on each side of the upper
jaw. 1876 Pace Adv. Text-Bk. Geol. xvi. 292 The Dicyno-
dont reptiles from the red sandstones of South Africa.
Hence Dicynodo'ntian a.
~ 1873 Huxtey Critiques § Addresses ix. 213 The supposi-
onion the Dinosaurian, Crocodilian, Dic: lontian, and
Plesiosaurian types were suddenly created at the end of the
Perinian epoch may be dismissed. 1875 BLaxe Zool. 162
The evidences of this most singular dicynodontian family
of reptiles have hitherto been found only in South Africa.
| didactic work.
332
SDAA, pee tone of Do w., q.v.
|| Di (didakz). English form of Gr. &-
baxn ee word of the title Aidaxi rar
bidexa dnoor Teaching of the twelve apostles,
_ the name of a Christian treatise of the beginning of
the second century. Hence Di-dachist, Didacho’-
grapher, the writer or compiler of the Didache.
1885 ScuarF in Fran. Soc. Bibl. Lit. June & Dec. 3 The
greet interest and significance of the Didache consists in
lling the gap between the Apostolic age and the Church of
the second century. /éid.6'The Didachographer seems also
to have some slight acquaintance with Luke and Acts and
some epistles of Paul. 1888 Duddin Rev. Jan. 141 This would
give about a.p. 120, as the latest date at which the Didache
could have been published. 1891 F. H. Cuase Lora’s Prayer
in Early Church, Against this correction either of the text of
the Didaché or of the Didachist’s report of his original.
Didactic (didektik), a. and sb. [mod.ad. Gr.
ddaxrix-ds apt at teaching, f. dddoxew to teach.
Cf. F. dédactique (1554 in Hatz.-Darm.)]
A. adj. Having the character or manner of a
teacher or instructor; characterized by giving in-
struction ; having the giving of instruction as its
aim or object ; instructive, preceptive.
1658 R, Francx North. Mem. (1821) 54 Must I be didac-
tick to initiate this art? 1661 WortHinGton 70 Hartlib
xvi. (T.), Finding in himself a great promptness in such
1756 J. Warton L£ss. Pope (1782) 1. iii. 101
A poem of that species, for which our author’s genius was
particularly turned, the didactic and the moral. 1824 Dispin
Libr. Contp, 682 The dullest of all possible didactic and
moral poetry. 1830 Mackintosu Eth. Philos. Wks. 1846
I. 59 A permanent foundation of his [Hobbes’) fame remains
in his admirable style, which seems to be the very perfec-
tion of didactic language. i Bosw. Smitu Carthage 130
Polybius ..is too didactic—seldom adorning a tale but always
ready to point a moral. 1878 R. W. Date Lect. Preach.
viii. (ed. Hak I-do not mean that sermons addressed to
Christian people should be simply didactic.
absol. 1754 A. Murruy Gray's-/nn Frnl. No. go P6 Both
[Eloquence and Poetry] .. have occasionally strengthened
themselves with Insertions of the Didactic.
B. sb. +1. A didactic author or treatise. Ods.
1644 Mitton Educ. Wks. (1847) 98/2 To search what many
a and Didactics .. have projected, my inclina-
tion leads me not. 1835 Soutney Doctor III. 162 Acknow-
ledged in - oldest didactics upon this subject.
2. pl. Didactics [see -1cs]: The science or art
of teaching.
1846 Worcester cites Biblical Repos. 1856 Mrs. Brown-
nc Aur. Leigh 1. Poems 1890 VI. 38 Didactics, driven
Against the heels of what the master said. 1860 EMERSON
Cond. Life, Consid. Wks. (Bohn) II. 412 Life is rather
a subject of wonder, than of didactics. 1881 J. G. Fitcu
Lect. Teach. ii. 36 The art of teaching, or Didactics as we
may for convenience call it, falls under two heads.
Dida‘ctical, 2. rare. [f. as prec. + -au.] Of
instructive nature or tendency ; = Drpacric.
1604 R. Cawprey Zable Alph., Didacticall, full of doctrine
or instruction. 1649 Roserts C/azvis Bibl. 382 Amongst the
Didacticall or Doctrinall Books. 1711 J. Greenwoop Eng.
Gram. 255 Never any man labour’d more at the didactical
Art, or the Art of teaching than he did. :
Hence Didactica‘lity, didactic quality.
1827 CartyLe Misc. (1872) I. 230 For a like reason of di-
dacticality..Wieland could affect me nothing.
Didactically (didektikali), adv. [f. Dipac-
TICAL +-LY%.] Jn a didactic manner; in the form
or with the purpose of giving instruction.
a 1626 Br. Anprewes Answ. Cal. Perron 50 (L.) Books of
the Fathers, written dogmatically or didactically. —-
De Quincey Confess. (1862) 226, I will give it not didactically
but wrapped up. 1868 GLapstone ¥uzv. Mundi xi. (1870) 436
He might have done this didactically, or by way of narrative.
Didactician eee we ). [f Dipactic +
“IAN: cf. factician, etc.] One who follows a di-
dactic method, a didactic writer ; one who writes
with the aim of instructing.
Betsey Victorian Poets (1887) 100 He [M. Arnold]
thus becomes a better prose-writer than a mere didactician
ever could be. . -
Didacticism (dide'ktisiz’m). [f. Dinacric
a.+-I8M.] The practice or quality of being di-
_ dactic or aiming at the conveyance of instruction,
1841 Cartyie in Froude Life in Lond. (1884) 1. viii. 223
Harriet Martineau full of didacticism. a 1849 Poe Long-
Jellow Wks. 1864 ILI, 365 Didacticism is the prevalent tone
of his song. 1888 Sfectator 28 July 1096 1 The hardly
veiled didacticism of novels like those of Miss Edgeworth.
Didacticity (didektisiti). rare—*. [f. Dr
DACTIC a, + -ITY.] Didactic quality.
1827-48 Hare Guesses Ser. 11. (1874) 362 The German pro-
fessors, of whose uninterrupted didacticity their literature
bears too many marks,
Didactive (dide'ktiv), a. [irreg. f. Gr. &-
daxr-ds taught, or that can be taught +-IVE: after
words from L, like act-2ve.] =Dinacric.
171x Suarress. Charac. (1737) I. 258 The way of form and
method, the didactive or preceptive manner. 1768 A7isc. in
Ann. Reg. 168/2 Fither drily didactive. .or triflingly volatile.
1821 Blackw. Mag. X. 330 So ench d was the didactive
muse with the verses. 82x Lams Zéfa Ser. 1. Old & New
Schm., He is under the restraint of a formal or didactive
hypocrisy in company, as a clergyman is under a moral one.
Didactyl, -yle (daide'ktil), a. Zool. [f. D1-2
+ Gr. Sd«rvd-os finger: cf. Gr. ddd«ervA-os of two
fingers} Having two fingers, toes, or claws.
1819 G. Samovette Entomol, Compend. 157 pec
claws. 1846 Kirvy & Sr, Zntomol, (1828) II. xxxv. 676
|
DIDDER.
enerality of insects have a didactyle or tridactyle hand or
. ig Dana Crust, 1. 600 This last pair [of legs] being
idacty!
c 1854 Owen in Circ. Sc. (¢ 1865) I]. 74/2 The
toes in the didactyle ostrich have res; ive four and five
ges. 1886 A. Wincnett Walks in Geol. Field 256
The bovine foot. .its didacty! structure, y
lous (daide'ktiles), a. Zool. [f. as
prec. +-0US.] =prec.
1828 in Weuster. 1870 Rotteston Anim. Life Introd. 51
a me = — to the bog oar condition.
LAKE Zoo. ‘The palps are e, terminated a di-
dactylous hand, or thal. by
Didal(, obs. ff. Dipie.
tipper (deide:por). Forms: 5 dydoppar,
6-7 dydopper, 7 didopper, dydapper, dy-dap-
per, 6-9 diedapper, 6- didapper. [A reduced
form of DivE-DapPER, in same sense.]
1. A small diving water-fowl; =DABcHICK.
c 1440 Promp. Parv. 121/1 Dydoppar, watyr byrde.
73 Coorer Thesaurus, Collimbris, the birde called a Douker,
or Did. r. 159% PercivaLt ye Dict., Samerenie, duck-
ing, diuing, a diedapper. 1591 Sy_vester Du Bartas 1.v.
75 The nimble ‘Teal, the Mallard strong in flight, The
i-dapper, the Plover and the Snight. 1621 Burton Axat.
Mel. 1. ii. 11. i. (1651) 67 All fenny Fowl. .as Ducks. . Didap-
pers, Waterhens. 1699 R. L'Estrance Col/og. Erasm. (1711)
11 One while up, and another while down, like a Didapper.
1837 WHEELwricut tr. Aristophanes 11.142 Daws, chickens,
coots, wrens, ducks and didappers. 1885 Swainson Prov.
Names Birds 216 From its diving propensities this bird
[little grebe] is called Diver (Renfrew); Diedapper (Dorset,
Hants, Norfolk); Divedapper, or Divedop (Lincolnshire) ;
Divy duck (Norfolk); Dive an’ dop (Norfolk).
2. Applied ludicrously to a person.
1589 Papfe w. Hatchet 3 Such dydoppers must be taken
vp, els theile not stick to check the king. 1612 R. Carren-
TER Soules Sent. 20 Thou art a Didapper ing vp and
downe ina moment. 1727 Pore, etc. Art § inking 83 The
didappers are authors, that keep themselves long out dda,
under water, and come up now and then, where you least
expected them, 1851 Cotton Lacon 1. 163 Wilkes was one
of those didappers, whom, if you had stripped naked, and
thrown over Westminster bridge, you might have met on
the very next day, with .. a laced coat upon his back, and
money in his pocket.
Didascalic (didéskeelik), a. [ad. L. didas-
calic-us, a. Gr. &i8ackadixds fit for teaching, in-
structive, f. &:daoxados teacher, f. daoxev to teach.]
Of the nature of a teacher or of instruction ; didac-
tic; pertaining toa teacher. Hence Didasca‘lics
| sb. pl.: = Dipactics. *
1609 R. Barnerp Fatth/. Sheph. 42 This of some is called
the Didascalike or Doctrinall of aSermon. 1638 A. Sym-
son in Spurgeon7 reas. Dav. Ps. xxxii. 11. 94 This isa Didas-
calic Psalm, wherein David teacheth sinners to repent by his
doctrine. 1718 Prior Solomon Pref., Under what species it
may be comprehended, whether didascalic or heroic, I leave
to the judgment of the critics. 1813 T. Bussy (¢7¢/e),
Lucretius’ Nature of Things, a Didascalic Poem, 1833
Lytron England §& Eyg. wv. iv, They have no toleration
for the didascalic affectations in which academicians delight.
1866 Elgin & Cathedral Guide 1. 110 The didascalic power
of the tesla :
So Dida‘scalar a., of or pertaining to a teacher,
didactic ; nonce-wd. *
a 1846 WorcesTER cites Butwer for Didascalar. a
Lytron Ken. Chillingly ix, Give off chaffing..said Bob,
lowering the didascular intonations of his voice.
Dida'scaly. Gr. Antig. [mod. ad. Gr. dida-
oxaXia instruction, teaching; in pl. as in quot.
So mod.F. didascalie.] In pl. The Catalogues of
the ancient Greek Dramas, with their writers, dates,
etc., such as were compiled by Aristotle and others.
1831 T. L. Peacock Crotchet Castle vi. \1887) 79 Did not
they give to melopoeia, choregraphy, and the sundry forms
of TsSencalles (printed -ics], the precedence of other
matters, civil and military? 1849 Grore Greece u. Ixvii.
(1862) VI. 26 The first, second and third [tetralogies) are
specified in the Didaskalies or Theatrical Records.
(dirdaz), v. Now only dial. Forms:
4 diddir, § didir, dyder, dedir, -ur, 6 dydder,
7- didder. See also Dirner. [Found in the
14thec. related to Dapper and Dopper ; the form
in all being frequentative as in ¢otter, flutter, etc.
It is not certain whether they belong to an ablaut stem
did, dad, dod (dud), or whether they are —, onomato-
poic, didder e.g. being a 1 imi tr lo
motion, and ler, dudder, dodder, variations expressing
clumsier or heavier forms of it. Dédder is chiefly northern ;
Diner, which a rs later, is also midl, and southern, the
ther anising out of -der as in father, mother, hither, etc.)
intr, To tremble, quake, shake, shiver.
1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Johannes 264 Cald (/rigus} .. Pat
makis wrechis ful chel to diddir. cae fee. Are ae
rut him to dedur. c1440 York Myst. xxviii. 2
tus
Myf dyderis & daris for doute of my dede. c¢ 1460
Tomnseley Myst. (Surtees) 28, I dase and I dedir For ferd
of that taylle. ¢ 1§s0 //ye Way to py ered pe 118 in Hazl.
. PPA. re eet uskysh
Dydderyng and dadderyng, leaning on their staues. @
Urqunart Rade/ais 1. xx. 167 Diddering and shivering his
aps, as Apes use to do, 1783 AinswortH Lat, Dict.
(Morell) 1, To didder (shiver with cold), algeo. 1790 Mrs.
Wueeter Westmld. Dial. = 34 i quite didderd for
fear. Lonsdale Gloss., Didder, to shiver, to tremble.
Hence Ditddering vé/. sb. and ffl.a.
c Promp. Parv. 121/1 Dyde’ for colde,
1687 A. Lovett tr. Bergerac’s Com. Hist. i, 18 By his ex-
traordinary chattering and diddering, one half of his Teeth
dropt out. 1785 Hutton Bran New Wark = D. S.) 347
knees, and diddering
payne Gloss., Didderin’-girse, peat ~ vs phe 4
DIDDLE.
Diddest, rare f. didst, and sing. pa. t. of Do v.
Diddle (di-d’l), v.' collog. or dial. [app. a
parallel form to Dipper, the formative suffixes -LE
and -ER being somewhat akin in their force, though
the former is more strictly diminutival. Cf, DappLE,
Darvte; there are evident analogies both of form
and sense between didder, dadder, diddle, daddle.]
+1. intr. To walk unsteadily, as a child; to
toddle ; =DappiE. Ods.
Quartes Div. Fancies 1. iv. (1660) 3 And when his
forward strength began to bloom, To see him diddle up and
down the Room ! :
2. intr. To move from side to side by jerks; to
shake, quiver. a
aed Burns ae to Major Logan iii, Hale be your heart,
hale be your fiddle ; Lang may your elbuck jink and diddle.
@ 1810 TANNAHILL Poems (1846) 60 You .. wi’ your clarion,
flute, an’ fiddle, Will gar their southern heart-strings diddle.
1835 D. Wenster in //arp Renfrewsh. Ser. u. (1873) 154
Wi fiddling and diddling and dancing The house was in
- perfect uproar.
3. trans. To jerk from side to side.
1893 StEvENSON Catriona 173 A fiddler diddling his elbock
“at the chimney side.
Diddle, v2 [app. onomatopceic, representing
the effect of singing, without uttering connected
words, Dialectally deed/e and doodle are used
in a similar sense.] dans. To sing without
distinct utterance of words.
1706 E. Warp Hud. Rediv. 1. v1. 3 So all sung diff’rent
Tunes and Graces, Such as they us’d to lull and diddle To
froward Infants in the Cradle.
Diddle (di-d’l), v3 collog. [A recent word, of |
obscure origin.
It is possible that sense 1 was transferred from DippLe 7.',
and was the source of the name DippLer, and that sense 2
was a back-formation from that word. Sense 2 might how-
ever, as far as form and meaning go, be related to OE.
didrian, dydrian to deceive, delude (cf. what is said of the
suffixes -ev and -/e, under Dippte v.'); but there is an in-
terval of eight or nine centuries between the known occur-
rences of the words. It is worthy of note also that doodle
occurs in the sense ‘to befool’, and that doodle sb. ‘simple-
ton, noodle’ goes back to ¢ 1600.)
1. ‘To waste time in the merest trifling’ (Forby
@1825). Hence 70 diddle away: to trifle away
(time), to waste in a trifling manner.
1826 Scott Frui. (1890) I. 250 A day diddled away, and
nothing to show for it! 1829 /d7d. 17 Feb., I was at the
Court, where there was little to do, but it diddled away
y time till two. :
. trans. a. To cheat or swindle; to victimize ;
to ‘do’. b. To do for, undo, ruin; to kill.
1806 Sure Winter in Lond, 11. 127 That flashy captain ..
may lay all London under contribution. .but he can’t diddle |
me. 1809 European Mag. LX. 19 We shall soon find our-
selves completely diddled and undone. 181r0 W. B. Ruoprs
Bomb. Fur. iv. (1822) 22 O Fusbos, Fusbos, I am diddled
quite [He dies]. 1817 Lapy Granvitte Letters (1894) I.
111 He..exclaimed, ‘ Then you are diddled !’ Think of the
effect of this slang upon incroyable ears ! 1823 Byron Fax
xt. xvii, Poor Tom was .. Full flash, all fancy, until fairly
diddled. 1829 Marryat F. besa gh py suppose we
diddled at least a hundred men, 1859 Sata Tw. round
Clock (1861) 145 The labourer .. invariably finds himself at
the end of the week victimised, or, to use a more expressive,
though not so genteel a term, diddled, to a héart-rending
extent. 1879 Public Opinion 12 July 42 He may diddle his
tradesmen.
b. Zo diddle out of: to do out of, swindle out of.
1829 Scotr ¥rz/. 27 Mar., 1am diddled out of a day all
thesame. 1833 Lamp Ze(ét. (1888) II. 285 What a cheap book
is the last Hogarth you sent me! I am pleased now that
Hunt diddled me-out of the old one. 1886 A. GrirriTHs
Pauper Peer i, You were robbed, euchred, diddled out of
fifty thousand pounds.
ence Di'ddling vd/. sb. and ffi. a.
1849 Por Diddling Wks. 1864 IV. 268 Diddling, rightly
considered, is a compound, of which the ingredients are
minuteness, interest, perseverance, ingenuity, audacity, non-
chalance, originality, impertinence and grin. 1894 Westy.
Fg io May 2/3 No Interference with the Diddling of the
ublic.
Diddle, sd. s/angand vulgar. [Three different
words; cf. prec. vbs.] ‘
1. The sound of the fiddle; cf. next.
1806 J. Train Poet. Reveries (Jam.), In their ears it is a
diddle Like the sounding of a fiddle.
2. A swindle, a deception. 2
1885 Punch 5 Sept. 110(Farmer) And something whispered
athe diction chaste—It's all a didale ! . Px
3. A slang name for gin, and in U.S. for liquor
generally. Hence diddle-cove (s/ang), a keeper
of a gin or spirit shop.
¢ 1700 Street Robberies Consider'd, Diddle,Geneva. 1725
New Cant Dict., Diddle, the Cant Word for Geneva. 1838
Mayuew Paved with Gold um. i. 252 (Farmer) And there’s
a first-rate ‘diddle-cove’ keeps a gin-shop there.
dle- in comb. [Connected with DippLe
v.1, v3] Diddle-daddle, ‘stuff and nonsense’,
‘fiddle-faddle’: cf. ¢éttle-tattle. Diddle-dee, a
name for the shrub Lwfetrum rubrum in the
Falkland Islands. Diddle-diddle, used to denote
the sound of a fiddle, or the action of playing it.
Diddledum (in 6 -dome), used contemptuausly
for, or-in reference to, something trifling.
1523 Sketton Gari. Laurel 741 What blunderar is yonder,
that playth didil diddil He fyndith fals mesuris out of his
fonde fddill, 1599 Breton Dreame Strange Effects 17
» clear, and the channel of the river deepened,
333
When thou findest a foole for thy diet, feede him with a Dish
of Diddledomes, for I have done with thee. ¢ 1670 (title of
song), ‘Diddle-diddle, or the kind country lovers.’ 1778
Map. D’Arsiay Diary Sept., Mrs. Thrale. Come, let us
have done now with all this diddle-daddle. 1797 CANNING,
etc, in Anti- Facobin No. 5. 19 Reason, philosophy, ‘ fiddle-
dum diddledum’, 18.. Nursery Rime, Hey ! diddle diddle !
‘The cat and the fiddle. 1847 Sir J. C. Ross Voy. S. Seas II.
249 A roaring fire of ‘diddle-dee’ ready to cook our supper.
1893 Times 27 May 14/1'The open country [Falkland Islands]
is clothed with short scrub called diddle-dee (Zmpetrum
rubrum).
Diddler (disdloz). [Of obscure origin.
Found first in the name of ‘ Jeremy Diddler’, the chief
character in Kenney’s farce, ‘ Raising the Wind’, brought
out in 1803. The name was of course intended to be con-
temptuous and ludicrous, and it seems probable that it was
formed on Dinpte 7.* sense 1, or on the first element of the
earlier diddle-daddle, diddle-dum (see Dipvie-); it is also
robable that Jeremy Diddler’s characteristic methods of
raising the wind’, by continually borrowing small sums
which he does not pay back, and otherwise sponging upon
people, gave rise to the current sense of the verb (DippLE
v.° sense 2), of which ‘diddler’ is now naturally viewed as
the agent-noun.]
A mean swindler or cheat; one who diddles people
out of what belongs to them.
1803 J. Kenniy Raising Wind 1. i, in Inchbald’s Codd.
Farces (1815) 1. 113 Oh, it’s Mr. Diddler trying to joke him-
self into credit at the bar. /é/d. 114. I wasn’t born two
hundred miles north of Lunnun, to be done by Mr. Diddler,
Iknow. /6éd. 116 [Diddler doguitur] This it is to carry on
trade without a capital. Once I paid my way .. but thou
art now, Jerry Diddler, little better than a vagabond. a 1849
Por Diddling Wks. 1864 1V. 268 Your diddler is guided sd
self-interest. 1863 Hotianp Lett. Yoneses iii. 48, 1 think
you are a diddler and a make-believe.
Dide, obs. f. DEED, died (see Dik v.), did (sec
Do v.).
+Di-decahedral, a. Crystal. Obs. [f. F.
didécaedre (Waiiy) + -Au: see Di- pref* 1.]
Having the form of a ten-sided prism with five-
sided bases, making twenty faces in all.
1805-17 R. Jameson Char. A/in, (ed. 3) 204 Di-decahedral
felspar. 7
Didelphian (doidelfiin), a. Zool. [f. mod.L.
Didelphia (¥. Didelphes, Cuvier 1795), f. Gr. &:-,
Di- 2 twice + deAgvs womb : see -AN.] Belonging
to the subclass Dedelphia of the class Mammalia,
characterized by a double uterus and vagina, and
comprising the single order of Marsupials. So
Dide‘lphic, Didelphine, Dide‘lphous aids., in
same sense; Didelph, Dide‘lphid, an animal of |
the subclass Didelphia, or of the family Dedelphide
(opossums) ; Dide‘lphoid a., double, as the uterus
in the Dedelphia.
1847 AnstEep Anc. World ix. 197 Insectivorous didelphine
animals like the opossum, 1847 Craic, Didedphoid. (185
Ricwarpson Geol. viii. 314 The didelphia have special
bones, called Marsupial, for supporting the pouch.] 1872
Mivarr £lem, Anat. 17 eee em mammals,
Didimist: see Dipymisr.
Didine (doideain), a. Zool. [f. mod.L. didus
the dodo+-INE.] Belonging to the family Dedéde
of birds, akin to the dodo.
1885 C.F. Hotper Marvels Anim. Life 158 On the island
2 erga lived a didine bird, the Pezophaps solitarius
of Leguat.
Di:-diwrnal, ¢z. [f. Di-2 twice + Diurvat.]
Occurring twice a day.
1854 Woopwarp J/ollusca (1856) 32 Some water-breathers
require only .. a di-diurnal visit from the tide.
Didle (dai'd’l}, sd. local, Also 5-8 didal(l, 9
dydle. [Derivation unascertained: see the vb.]
A sharp triangular spade, used for cleaning out
ditches and water-courses ; also a metal scoop or
dredge fixed to the end of a long pole, used for
a similar purpose. Hence Didle-man, a didler.
1490 Chaméberl. Acc. in Kirkpatrick Relig. Orders Nor:
wich (1845) 316 Paid to the didalmen and other labourers, for
carrying the muck out of the said ditch [of Norwich Castle].
1573 Tusser Hxsé, (1878) 38 A didall and crome for drain-
ing of ditches. 1688 R. HoLme Armoury 1. 244/1 A Didall
and Crome to drain Ditches. 1710 Hitman 7usser Redi-
vivus, Didal, a triangular spade, as sharp as a knife, ex-
cellent to bank ditches, where the earth is light and pestered
with a sedgy weed. 1787 in Grose Provinc. Gloss. 1883
Davies Norfolk Broads xx. (1884) 148 We have ice
‘dydles’. They are large nets made of wire, at the end of
a pole, with which we can scoop the broken pieces of
ice up.
Didle (dai-d’l), v. decal. Alsodydle. [Cf. prec.
A suggestion is that dd/e is worn down from dike-delve.]
a. trans. To clean out the bed of (a river or
ditch). b. zz¢7. To work with a didle or didling
scoop. Hence Dialing vd/. sb., Di-dler.
1803 W. Taytor in Robberds A/em. 1. 471 The older the-
ology of the reformers is so gone by.. that I should despair
of the ea to didle in their mud for pearl-muscles.
@ 182g Forsy Voc. E. Anglia, Didle, to clean the bottom
of ariver. 1835 Municip. Corp, 1st Rept. App. wv. 2465 The
Surveyor of Didlers [of Norwich] saberiitends the persons
employed in cleansing the river. 1842 Anz. Reg. 195
Messrs. Culley and Cossey lately built a didling boat. 1863
Morton Cycl. Agric. Gloss., Didle (Norf., Suff.), to clean
the bottom of a river with a didling scoop. 1865 W. WHITE
East. Eng, 1. 81, 1..saw only a man who appeared to be
hoeing the river bottom. He..was the dydler. 1883 G. C.
Davies Norfolk Broads xv. (1884) 112 The tos are kept
y ‘dydiing’.
|
|
DIDYMATE.
.. At the end of a long pole is a metal scoop, in the shape
of a ring, with a network ., attached. ‘This is plunged into
the river, and scraped along the bottom to the side, where it
is lifted out and the semi-liquid mud poured on to the rond.
bid. xvii. 124 The reach had been dydled out.
+Di-do!. Ods. [Skeat suggests ‘a tale of Dido’,
an old story.] ? An old story, a thrice-told tale.
1377 Lanci. ?. Pl. B. xi. 172 ‘It is but a dido’, quod
pis doctour, ‘a dysoures tale’, [C. has the v.77. a dydo, a
dico, a dede, abido.]
Dido 2 (dai-do). U.S. stang. [Origin uncertain.]
A prank, a caper; a disturbance, ‘ row’, ‘shindy’;
esp. in phr. fo cut (up) dédoes.
1843-4 Hatisurton Sam Slick in Eng. (Bartlett),
Them Italian singers recitin’ their jabber .. and cuttin’
didoes at a private concert. 1851 New York Tribune
10 Apr. (Farmer A se».), We should have had just the same
didoes cut up by the chivalry. 1869 Mrs. Stowe Oldtown
Folks 106 They will be a consultin’ together, and cuttin’ up
didos, * 1893 Q. [Coucn] Delectable Duchy 271 What a dido
he do kick up, to be sure. FA
+ Di-do:decahe-dral, a. Cvystal. Obs. [f.F.
didodécatdre (Haiiy) + -au: see Di- pref? 1.]
Having the form of a twelve-sided prism, with
six planes in each base, or twenty-four faces in all.
1805-17 R. Jameson Cham. Alin, (ed. 3) 204 Di-dodecahe-
dral asparagus-stone .. is a six-sided prism, truncated on
the lateral edges, and acuminated on the extremities with
six planes.
Bidonia (doiddwnia). A/ath. [From the story
of Dido, who bargained for as much land as could
be covered with a hide, and cut the hide into a
long narrow strip so as to inclose a large space.]
(See quot.) Hence Didonian a.
1873 ‘Tarr Quaternions (ed, 2) 191 If we give the name of
‘Didonia’ to the curve..which, on a given surface and with
a given perimeter, contains the greatest area, then for such
a Didonian curve [etc. ].
Didopper, obs. form of Dipaprrrr, dabchick.
Didrachm (doi-drwm). Also 6 didragme,
didramme, 6-7 didrachme, didram. [ad. L.
didrachma or didrachmon, Gr. bidpaxpov a double
drachma; f. &-, Di-2 + dpayyn Dracuma. Cf.
mod.F. dédrachme.] An ancient Greek silver coin,
of the value of two drachmez: see DRACHMA.
1548 Upatt, etc., Evasm. Dar. Matt. xvii. 24 Doth your
master (quoth they) pay a Didram for trybute? 1g82z N. ‘Tl.
(Rhem.) Afaéé. xvii. 24 Your maister doth he not pay the
didrachmes? 1649 Jer. ‘Tavior Gt. E.vemp. i. xiv. 45
A Sicle or didrachme the fourth part of an ounce of Silver.
1656 Biount Glossog”., Didram .. an ancient coyn .. of our
money, it values 157, 1807 Robinson Archevol. Greca v.
xxvi. 550, 2 drachmz or didrachm= 3d, 1879 H. Puiriirs
Notes Coins 8 A didrachm of Veliz Lucania presents on
the reverse a lion destroying a stag.
Didrachmal (daidrekmal), a. [f. prec. +-AL.]
Of the weight of two drachme: applied to the
stater, a gold coin,
1771 Rarer in Phil. Trans. LXI. 466 The didrachmal
gold of Philip and Alexander is about 4 grains heavier than
our guinea, .
Didst, 2nd sing. pa. t. of Do v.
+ Didu'ce, v. Ods. [ad. L. didiiccre to pull
asunder or apart, pull in two, f. Di-1, Dis- +
diicére to lead, draw. Used in 16-17th c., and some-
times confused in form with DEDucE.]
1. trans. To pull or draw away or apart.
1578 Banister //ist. Man 1. 26 By this y’ arme is dis-
taunt, and deduced from the ribbes. 1650 Butwer A xthro-
pomet, 118 It is moved and diduced outward and foreward.
@1696 ScarpurGH £xclid (1705) 8 ‘The extreams of any
crooked line may .. be further and further diduced, till the
crooked line be stretched to a strait line.
2. To dilate, expand, enlarge.
1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. i. xxv. § 11. 124 The exposition
is diduced into large comentaries. 1657 TomLinson Kevou's
Disp. 307 Its seed brayed and drunk in passum .. diduces
its passages.
Diduce, -ment, obs. (erron.) ff. DEDUCE, -MENT.
+ Didu'ct, v. Obs. [f. L. diduct- ppl. stem of
didiicére : see prec.} = D1DucE 1.
1676 Grew Anat. Leaves 1. iv. (1682) 155 The lesser
Threds, being so far diducted, as sometimes to stand at
Right-Angles with the greater.
+ Diduction. Obs. [ad. L. diduction-em, n.
of action f. didiicére: see DIDUCE and -TION.]
1. Drawing or pulling apart, separation.
ax640 Jackson Creed x1. v, By whose diduction or rent
a place was opened for this future edifice to be erected in
Him. 1649 Butwer Pathomyot. u. ii, 107 This Diduction of
the Lips, . 1661 BoyLe Spring of Air ut. iv. (1682) rad The
strings .. must draw as forcibly as those within the bladder
so as to hinder the diduction of the sides,
2. Dilatation, expansion.
1634 Jackson Creed vu. xxv, By a gentle diduction or
dilatation, of that sense which was included in the Apostles’
Creed. 1664 H. More Myst. /nig. 214 ‘Vhe 1260 days being
but the Diduction of those larger measures of three times
and a half or of forty two months in more numerous
parts. ‘
Diductively, obs. (erron.) f. DepucTIVELY.
Didymate (didimét), a. Zool. and Bot. [f.
mod.L. didym-us, a. Gr, didup-os twin + -ATE.]
Paired, twinned ; = DipyMous. So Di‘dymated a.
1843 Humpnreys Brit, Moths 1. 70 Near the apex is a
faint didymated brown spot. 1876 Hartey Mat. Med.
(ed. 6) 365 The stems are sometimes 1 inch in length, and
the spherical heads 4 inch in diameter and didymate.
DIDYMIS.
|| Di , Anat, Obs. Pl.-es. [f. Gr. i-
dvpor testicles, orig. ‘twins’.] = Epipmymis.
[c Lanfranc's Cirurg. 169 Poru3 pis dindimi goi
arene and — to be Waiokie) 1543 hens gp
Chirurg. 10 The did ben thin skynnes, which
the stones, and holde them hangyng. 1547 Boorve Srev.
Health cccxxii. 104 Of this Si, the two dydy be
ingendred the which doth discend to the Stones. 1883 Syd.
Soc. Lex., Didymis, a synonym of Epididymis,
+ Div ist. Ods. In 7 Didimist. [f. Didym-
us, Gr. wos twin, surname of theapostle Thomas,
+-18T: cf. John xx. 24-27.] A doubter, sceptic.
1607 R.C. tr. Estienne's World of Wonders Ep. Ded.,
Those Didymists, who will beleeue nothing except their
senses say Amen. 1631 R. H. Arraigum, Whole Creature
x. § 3. 87 If any bee a doubtfull Didimist in this poinct,
ora dicputefull Scepticke. /bid. xii. § 4. 134 Didimists,
Sceptecks, or Athists. <
Didymite ! (di-dimait). =prec.
1822 Blackw. Mag. X1. 465 His ship is a Dydimite
in pelitics and religion .. he must put forth his finger to
touch, ere he convinced.
Di‘dymite?. d/ix. Also erron. didrimite.
[Named 1843 from Gr. didup-os twin, being thought
to be one of two minerals containing calcium car-
bonate in combination with silica.] A micaceous
schist found in the Tyrol, nearly allied to Mus-
covite.
1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem. 11. 321 Didrimite or Didy-
mite, 1868 Dana Min. 311.
Didymium (didi‘mitm). Chem. [mod. f. Gr.
di5uu-os twin, with ending -1uM used with new
metals. The name referred to its close associa-
tion (‘twin-brotherhood”) with /anthanium pre-
viously discovered, both metals being found asso-
ciated with cerium.] A rare metal, discovered by
Mosander in 1841; found only in association with
cerium and lanthanium. Symbol Di.
1842 Chemical Gaz. 1, 4 Mosander, the discoverer of lan-
thanium, has found that these metals are always mixed
with a third new element (didymium), from which at present
it is impossible to separate them. 1867 W. A. MILLER
Elem. Chem. 1. (ed. 4) 166 Small quantities of didymium in
solutions of lanthanium and cerium, 1892 Dasly News
11 Feb 3/6 A method of separating cerium from didymium.
Didymous (dicdimas), a. Aof. and Zool. [f.
mod.L, didym-us, a. Gr. bidup-os twin + -ous. In
mod.F. didyme.] Growing in pairs, paired, twin.
1794 Martyn Rousseau’s Bot. xxxi. 483 The outer ones
[nectaries) being. .didymous or twinned. 1870 Hooker Séud.
tora 171 Araliacez .. anthers didymous.
| Didynamia didiné@mia) Zot, [mod.L.
(Linneeus, 1735) f. Gr. &-, Di-2 twice, two + dv-
vayus power, strength ; fancifully referring to the
superior length of two of the stamens.] The four-
teenth class in the Linnzean Sexual System of plants,
containing those with four stamens in pairs of un-
equal length, and comprehending the Natural
Orders Ladiate, Scrophulariacex, and other smaller
groups.
Hence Di‘dynam, a plant of this class; Didy-
na‘mian a., Didyna'mic a., of or pertaining to
the class Didynamia ; didynamous,
1753 Cuambers Cycl, Suff. s.v., Didynamia. . of this class
of plants are thyme, lavender, basil, etc. Martyn
Roussean's Bot, ix. 91 The fourteenth class, didynamia,
signifying that two of the stamens are stronger than the
others. 1828 Wesster, Didynam.. Didynamian. 1882
Ocivie, 1 Nidvnamic, : :
Didynamous (deidinimas, did-), a. Bot. [f.
as prec, + -oUS.] Of stamens: Arranged in two
pairs of unequal length. Also of a flower or
pt Having four stamens thus arranged; be-
onging to the Linnzean class Didynamia.
1794 Martyn Roussean's Bot. xxii. 314 The corolla .. per-
sonate with four didynamous stamens. 1830 Linney Nat.
Syst. Bot. 202 Globularinex, stamens 4... somewhat didy-
namous. 1857 Henrrey Bot. 355 Orebanchacer .. Flowers
monopetalous, didynamous. /é/d. 357 A general resem-
blance exists between the. .other didynamous monopetalous
Orders.
i (daidinami, did-).. Bot. [f. prec.
+ -¥: cf. autonomous, autonomy.) Didynamous
condition or structure.
1830 Linney Nat. Syst. Bot. 234 The didynamy of Acan-
thacez is frequently different from that of Scrophularinex
in the posterior pair of being the long
Die (dai), sd.1 Pl. dice (dais), dies (doiz).
Forms: 4-5 dee, 6-8 dye, dy, 6- die. Plur.
4 des, 4-5 dees, deys, dys, 4-6 dyse, dyce, 5-6
dis(e, (dysse, 6 dyyss), 5- dice; also 5-6 dyes,
5- dies. Also Sing. 4-5 dyse, 5-6 dyce, 5-7
dice; Pur. 4-5 dyces, 5 dises, dices, dycys.
[Early ME. dé, dee, pl. dés, dees, a. OF. de (nom.
sing. and obl. pl. 12-14th ec, des), mod.F. dé, pl.
dés =Pr. dat, dats, Cat. pm Sp., It. dado; in form
:—L. datum, subst. use of datus, -um ‘given’, pa.
pple. of dare to give. It-is inferred that, in late
pop. L., datum was taken in the sense ‘ that which
given or decreed (sc. by Jot or fortune)’, and was
so applied to the dice by which this was determined.
Latinized medizeval forms from It. and Fr. were
dadus, decius.
334
In late OF. the form dey occurs in 14th c.; and des was
sometimes used in sing. down to 17th c.: cf. the 14-17th c.
Eng. ee ‘The remarkable point in the
me word is the change of dé, dés, to dj,
Rt ‘se, dyce, dice), in the ME. period. The oldest Chaucer
MSS., Harl., Ellesm., Hengwrt, have dees, which also sur-
vived as late as 1484 in Caxton, but dj occurs in the other
Chaucer MSS., and in rime in the leian MS. of Aj
Alisaunder, part of which is in the Auchinleck MS., attri-
buted oes cs te olen va aa 1500, dj, dys
seem to have com y the 2 into the 7 class, the
fortunes of which they have since shared, As in
plural s retains its original breath sound, probably
these words were not felt as ordinary plurals, but as collec-
tive words; cf. the orig. plural ¢7xce, where the collective
sense has now passed into asingular. This ation is
indicated in later spelling by -ce: cf. the umlaut plurals Zice,
mice, the inflexional forms hence, once, twice, since, and the
words ice, nice, advice, device, defence, in all which -ce
represents a phonetic and original -s. In the newer senses
where the plural is not collective, a form (daiz) of the ordi-
nary t has arisen; cf. the non-collective later plural
pennies.
I. With plural dice.
1. A small cube of ivory, bone, or other material,
having its faces marked with spots numbering from
one to six, used in games of chance by being thrown
from a box or the hand, the chance being decided
by the number on the face of the die that turns
uppermost. b. f/. The game played with these ;
esp. in phr. at (the) dice.
a, singular. dee, dye, dy, die.
1393 Gower Conf. I1. 209 The chaunce is cast upon a dee,
But yet full oft a man may see [etc.]. 1430 Pilgr. Lyf
Manhode 1. cv. (1869) 56 Nouht so gret as a as in a dee.
1570 Levins Manip. 96/41 A dye, alea. 1589 Pafpfe w.
Hatchet (1844) 2 ee'le cogge the die. 1610 B. Jonson
Ath. u.i, You shall no more deale with the hollow die, Or
the fraile card. 1656 Stantey Hist. Philos. vii. 85 So to
cast the dy that it may chance right. 1680 Cotton Gamester
in Singer Hist, Cards 336 He puts one dye into the box.
1705 Mrs. Centiivre Gamester 1, i, Yo teach you the man-
agement of the die. 1779-81 Jounson L. /., Butler Wks.
II. 191 ‘To throw a dye, or play at cards. 1882 Hazvitr
Vable-t. 11. vii. 156 Dependent on the turn of a die, on the
tossing up of a halfpenny. 1838 De Morcan £ss. Probab.
74 The real probability that throws with a die shall
give exactly 1000 aces. 1872 F. Hatt Exempl. False
Philol. 68 The cast of'a die is absolutely impossible of pre-
diction.
B. plural. des, dees, deys, dys, dyse, dyce,
dise, dice.
¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 11392 Somme pleide
wyp des and tables. 1340 A yend. 45 Pe
of tables. 13.. A. Ads. (MS. Laud Misc. 622) 3297
¢, the
baude pleiep at pe dys [ed. Weber, deys) Swipe Bay
fole is wys. ¢1386 Cuaucer Pard. 7.5 They daunce and
pleyen at dees [so Harl., Heng.; Camb, deis, Petw. dys,
Corp. dyse, Lansd, dise) bothe day and nyght. 1387 ‘Tre-
visa //igden (Rolls) VII. 75 Pleyenge wp dees of gold.
1400 Destr. Troy 1622(MS. @1500) The draghtes, the dyse,
and ober dregh gaumes. 1474 Caxton Chesse 127 In his lift
hand thre dyse. 1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 109 His
maistre pleyed gladly atte dise. in Eng. Gilds (1870)
422 The towne clerke to fynde theym Dice. 1481-90 Howard
Househ, Bks.(Roxb.) 327 For a bale of dysse. Caxton
Fables of Avian (1889) 21 Whiche doo no thynge but playe
with dees and cardes. 1495 Act 11 //en. V//,c. 2 § 5 The
‘Tenys, Closshe, Dise, Cardes, Bowles. 1536 R. Beerzey in
Four C. Eng. Lett. 35 Sume at cardes and sume at dyyss.
1556 Chron.Gr. Friars geepery/ 73Wych playd wyth kynge
Henry the viiit' at dysse. 1576 Freminc Panopl. Epist. 340
In casting a paire ofdyce. 1580 Baret A/v. D 656 The life of
a man is like a game at the dice. 1603 Hottanp Plutarch's
Rom. Quest, (1892) 57 Playing at dice with cokall bones. a
Drypen -neid 1x. 452 From Dice and Wine the Yout
retir'd to Rest. 1784 ‘a Bace Barham Downs 11. 54 Lord
Winterbottom is ruined by the dice. 18a: Byron Mar. Fal.
1v. ii, They Have won with false dice. 1871 T. Taytor
Jeanne Dare wi. i, Rough soldiers left their oaths, and
dice, and lewdness.
y. singular dice, plural dices : cf. obs. F. sing. des.
1388 Act 12 Rich. //, c.6 § 1 Les .. jeues appellez coytes
dyces, gettre de pere. ¢ 142g Voc. in Wr.-Wilcker 666 Hic
talus, dyse. ¢1440 Promp. Parv. 121/1 Dycyn, or pley
wythe dycys, aleo. ¢ Bh. Curtasye 228 in Babees Bk.
306 Ne at the dyces with him to play. 1474 Caxton Chesse
132 He caste thre dyse and on eche dyse was a sise.
Cath, Angtl. 99/1 Dice, favillus, alea. 1 Huvoet,
Dice or die, adea, talus, thessera. 1677 Gace Crt, Gentiles
11, 100 Amongst the Grecians xvBeca signifies a Dice .. the
cast of a Dice was most casual and incertain. 1 Mrs.
E. Hevwoov //ist, Betsy Thoughtless 1V. 202 esting
never to touch a card or throw a dice agai %
2. In figurative and allusive use; thus sometimes
= Hazard, chance, luck.
1548 Haut Chron., Hen. V 56b, When kyng Henry per-
ceived that the dice ranne not to his fran. tg Ts abstained
from the assaulte. 1590 Srenser /. Q. 1. ii. 36 His harder
fortune was to fall Under my speare; such is the dye of
warre. 1594 Suaks. Nich. ///, v. iv. 10, I haue set my life
vpon a cast, And I will stand the hazard of the Dye.. 1676
"Urrey Mad. Fickle w.i, The uncertain Dice of Fate
thus far runs well. 1693 Dennis /mf. Crit. ii. 8 If that Was
his design, the Author has turn'd the Dice upon him, I gad.
1742 Younc Né, 7h. vi. 37 When .. th'important dye Of
life and death spun doubtful, ere it fell, And turn’d up life.
1844 Disrae.i Coningsby vi. vi, The immensity of the stake
which he was ing on a most uncertain die. 1871
Morvey Voltaire (1886) 169 France and Austria were both
playing with cogged dice.
b. Phrases. + (a) 70 make dice of (a person’s)
bones: see quot. 1646, + (6) Zo set (put) the dice
upon (any one): see quot. 1598. (¢) The die ts
cast: the decisive step is taken; the course of
gemenes of des, and |
DIE.
action is irrevocably decided. (d) Upon a or the
die: depending upon a chance or contingency, in
a critical position, at stake; so /o set upon the die.
RT y . She i
be PE reer
dice of his bones’, the meaning whereof is, that if a pri-
soner die in execution, after the Crowner has viewed his
body, the creditor hath dice delivered him at the Crowne
Office as having all-that he is likely to have.
b. 1598 Florio, renege 7 -to set the dice vpon one,
“hou .. takest this iy ope set the dice upon him.
1699 Bentiey Pha/. Introd. 2 He will put the Dice upon
his Readers, as often as he can.
c. 1634 Six T. Hersext 7rav. Aiij b, Is the die cast,
must At this one throw all thou hast gaind be lost ? ;
d. 1659 D. Pett /m fr. Sea 230 To recover her young
when they are upon a dye. /é/d. 393 Ah poor soul. . It will
not now ted thee, when thou art upon thy dye.
1821 Byron Sardan. u. i. 139 But here is a the
die—a kingdom. 1832 Sourney //ist. Penins. War IIL.
859 be ochejaquelein..set life and fortune thus upon
the die,
e. 1858 De Quincey Greece under Rom. Wks. VIL. 317
It is hardly ‘in the dice’ that any downright novelty of fc
should remain in reversion for this nineteenth century.
f. 1530 PAtscr. 629 Make this borde as smothe as a dyce,
comme vung dez. 1600 Haxtvyt Voy. (1810) III. 256 Goodly
fields. .as plaine and smoothe as any die. cx710 C. Fiennes
Diary (1888) 151 Y¢ tide was out all upon the sands at Least
a mile, wch was as smooth as a Die. 1732 Gay Songs &
Ball., New Song on New Similies, You'll know me truer
than a die. 1877 Spry Cruise Challenger xiii. (ed. 7) 226
Arums climbing fifty feet up large trees as straight as a die.
3. A small cubical segment formed by cuttin
anything down. + Also, a small cubical bullet (cf.
die-shot). ;
t¢1390 Form of Cury in Warner Antig. Culin. 6 Take the
noumbles of a calf, swyne, or of shepe, parboile hem, and
skerne [?kerue] hem to dyce. 1496 Ld. Treas. Ace. Scotl.
I. 295 For cutting of viij™ and ix dis of irne to the pellokis.
1549 Privy Council Acts (1890) 11. 350 Dyce of yron. ijm!' ;
shott of stone, v*. @1628 F. Grevitte Sidney (1652) 1
Wounded .. with a square die out of a field-piece. 1
Mrs. Rarratp Eng. House-kpr. (1778) 141 Dish them up ..
with turnips and carrots cut in dice. 1 B. Wutrsy
Awakening M. Fenwick 11. 166 She hacked her buttered
toast intodice, = |
7. with dice in singular.
14.. Anc. Cookery in Househ, Ord.(1790) 466 Take fresshe
braune of a bore sothen, and cut hit in grete dices. ——
Liber Cocorum (1862) 38 Square as dises shalt hit e.
1557 Recorpre Whetst. Rij, 1 haue a dice of Brasse of .64.
vnees of Troye weighte. ‘
+b. With negative: never a dyse = not a bit,
not in the least. Oés.
oo Destr. Troy 808 Pai..shall.. neuer dere hym a
dha : ;
II. with plural dies.
4. A cubical block ; in Arch. acubical or square
block of stone forming part of a building; 8
the cubical portion of a pedestal, between the
and cornice; =Davo1. +b. A square tablet.
a. tr, Freart’s Archit. 123 The Italians call it
the olo, Pillow or Die use of its Cubique and
solid figure). 1726 Leon: A 's Archit. 1, 13/1 A kind
may call it the Dye. alg Gorvon Maffet's Amphith.
Some Plinths, or rai Dyes, se
Cornish. /bid. Marble, cut thin in preander pent
pm Warts (J°), Young creatures have
Get. Pompeiana l, vi. 109 These figures stand. .upon
little square ifthe or dies. 84 .s Warren tr. De
Sanicy's Dead Sea 11, 224 The coping. .is composed, first, of
a cube, or die, measuring nearly six yards on each side.
5. An engraved stamp used for impressing a design
or figure upon some softer material, as in coining
money, striking a medal, ombosting. paper, etc.
Often used-in re. which may be dissimilar, ey impressing
unlike designs on opposite sides of the thing stamped (as in
coining), or nding, one in relief and one counter-
sunk (as in an embossing stamp).
To bring
ng ip
1699 in M. Smith Mem. Secret Service App. ¥
or send to him oe it'd rae
©1724 Swirr Consid. Wood's Coinage Wks. 1761 e 9
ir
(1859) IL. 123 i
‘old, twent’ rege gS ane Oe
‘eedle- 1 ng
means of dies fixed in a stamp, after the manner of making
buttons. 1879 H. Purtiirs Addit. Notes Coins 1 The por-
trait is reduced. .to the size it is to occupy on the die. 1879
Cassell’s Techn. Educ. 1V. 263/1 The die .. is a block of
steel welded in a larger block of iron, the impression of the
intended work cut in its face.
fi ment of a hollow screw for cutting the thread
of a.omaie bok . The bed-piece as a support
for metal from which a piece is to be pun and_having
an opening through the piece is driven. ¢. Forging.
DIE.
A device consisting of two parts which act together to give
to the piece swaged between them the desired form. d.
Brick-making. A mouth-piece or opening through which
the clay is forced, serving to mould it into the required form.
e. A part of.the apparatus used in crushing ore: see quot.
1881. f. Sh king, etc. A shaped knife for cutting out
blanks of any required shape and size: cf. Die v.?
1812-6 J. Smitu Panorama Sc. & Art I. 39 The best out-
side screws are .. cut with what are oid stocks or dies.
1833 Hottann Manuf, Metal 11. 197 The interstices are
then filled by the insertion of the hardened steel dies. 1856
Farmer's Mag. Nov. 406 (Brick-making) The mouthpiece
or die is about half-an-inch deeper and half an inch broader
than the stream of clay after it passes through the moulding
rollers to the cutting apparatus. @ 1875 CHAMBERLAIN in
Ure Dict. Arts 1. 529 As soon as it has... forced the clay of
one box through the die .. the plunger returns and empties
[the other] box of clay through a die on the opposite side.
1881 Raymonp Mining Gloss., Die, a piece of hard iron,
placed in a mortar to receive the blow of a stamp, or ina
pan to receive the friction of the muller. Between the die
and the stamp or muller the ore is crushed. 1885 //arfer’s
Mag. LXX, 282 By means of ‘dies’, or sole-shaped knives,
in a die-machine, required shapes, sizes, and widths are cut
out. Before the use of dies, soles were ‘rounded out’ by
geo .Steam-power and revolving die-block [were] applied
in 1857.
7. Sc. “A toy, a gewgaw’ (Jamieson).
(Also in nursery language de-die, Identity with this word
is doubtful.)
1808 JAMIESON, Die, a toy, a gewgaw, Loth, 1816 Scorr
Antig. xxi, ‘The bits o’ weans wad up .. and toddle to the
door, to pu’ in the auld Blue-Gown that mends a’ their
bonny dies.’ 1816 — O/d Mort. x,‘ Ye hae seen the last 0’
me, and o’ this bonny die too’, said Jenny, holding between
her finger and thumb a splendid silver dollar,
8. attrib. and Comb., as die-like, -shaped adjs. ;
die-block, -machine (see 6f); +die-bone, the
cuboid bone of the tarsus; +die-shot, shot of
cubical form, dice-shot ; die-sinker, an engraver
of dies for stamping (see 5); so die-sinking; die-
stake: see quot. 1874; die-stock, the stock or
handle for holding the dies used in cutting screws
(see 6a); die-wise a. and adv., in the manner of
a die, ina cubical form, See also the compounds
of Dice.
1634 T. Jounson Parey’s Chirurg. 234 It is knit by Synar-
thesis to the *Die-bone. 1875 Ure Dict. Arts II. 29 This
must .. be left to the experience of the *die-forger. 1688
R. Hotme Armoury ut, 378/1 A... *Die-like figure four
—— every way; a square solid. 1875 Ure Dict. Arts
IL. 29 ‘The very cross-grained, or highly crystalline steel. .ac-
quires fissures under the “die-press. 1878 Huxtey Physiog7.
148 A huge “die-shaped mass of stone. 1581 Stywarp J/art.
Discipl. u. 143 Such as haue *die shot .. contrarie to the
Cannons & lawes of the field, 1815 Chron. in Ann, Reg.
317/2 Employed by ..*dye sinkers and ornamental en-
gravers, 1893 Daily News 3 July 2/7 Medallists and die-
sinkers have been very busy. .in view of the Royal wedding.
1874 Knicut Dict, Mech, 1. 592 s.v. Coining-press, Vhe
lower die is on what is termed the *die-stake, and gives the
reverse impression, 1863 Smites /udust. Biogr. 238 He..
seems to have directed his attention to screw-making. .and
[made] a pair of very satisfactory *die-stocks. 1674 N.
Farrrax Buck & Selv. 128 In *die wise or cubically. 1702
Tuoressy in Phil, Trans, XXV. 1864 The heads not Die-
wise, as the large Nails now are, but perfectly flat.
Die, s4.2 slang. [f. Die v.!] Only in phr. Zo
make a die (of it)=to die.
1611 CotGr., Fouir aux taupes, to turne vp the heeles;
goe feed wormes, make a dy. Jbid., Tirer les chausses, to
kicke vp the heeles ; to makeadye. 1819 Metropolis 1. 58
I thought he was going to make a die of it! Why, he’s as
old as the Hills. 1883 Century Mag. XXVI. 238/2, ‘I be-
lieve you're trying to make a die of it’, said the doctor,
Die (doi), v.! Pa. t. and pple. died (doid);
pr. pple. dying (doitin). Forms: a, 2-4 de3-en,
dei-e(n, 3 dei3-en, deaiz-e, 4 day-e, 4-5 deghe,
4-6 dei(e, dey(e, (5 deyn), 4-6 (worth.) de, 4-
dee. 8, 4-5 diz-en, dy3-en, digh-e, dygh-e,
dy-en, di-en, 4-7 diy, (5 dyi), 4-8 dye, 4- die.
Pa. t. a. 3 deizede, deeide, deaide, 3-5 deid(e,
4 daide, dayed, dejed, deied(e; orth, deyt,
ded, 4-5 deyd(e, deyed, 5 deghit, -et, -t, 5-
north, deed, deit, deet. 8. 4 dyede, 4-5 dyde,
4-6 dide, (5 dyet), 4-8 dyed, 4- died. [Early
ME. déjen, déghen, corresp. to ON. deyja (orig.
apyja, OSw. and ODa. dota, Da. die, Sw. dé),
OF ris. deta, deja, OS. déian, OUG. touwan, MHG.
touwen ; these represent an OTeut. strong verb of
the 6th ablaut class *daw-7-an, pa. t. déw, pa. pple.
dawan-, the strong inflexions being retained in
ON. (d6-:—*déw, déinn :—*dawans). In the other
langs, and in Eng. a regular weak verb, No in-
stance of the word is known in OE. literature (its
sense being expressed by steovfan, sweltan, or the
periphrastic wesan déad, pa. t. wes déad: see DEAD
1d) hence it is generally held to have been early
lost in OE, (as in Gothic, and as subsequently in
all the continental WGer. langs.), and re-adopted
in late OE. or early ME. from Norse; but some
think that the facts point rather to the preservation
of an OE, dzegan, dégan, in some dialect ; the word’
appears to have been in general use from the 12th
c., even in the s.w. dialects (see Napier in HZst.
Holy Rood, E.E.T.S., 18945. The ME. deen,
déghen came regularly down to 1500 as deye, which
835
was retained in the North as dey, dé, dee (still cur-
rent from Lancashire to Scotland) ; but in standard |
English déghe was in 14th c. (in conformity with
the common phonetic history of OE. eh, eah, eoh,
as in dye, eye, fly, high, lie, nigh, thigh, etc.) nar-
rowed to 3c, dighe, whence the later dye, de.
The oldest text of Cursor M. (Cotton) has only dey; in
the later texts this is frequently altered to dighe, dye, when
not in rime, in the late Trinity MS, sometimes even in rime,
with change of text. Chaucer used both dey and dye, the
C. T. (Ellesm, MS.) contains in the rimes 22 examples of
deve and 50 of dye. Both forms are also used in the Wy-
clifite version, and both occur in Caxton’s works,
‘The stem daz- appears also in Gothic in the ppl. a. dawJs,
OE. déad (-daud-oz) Dean, and the sb. daupus, OF. déap,
Deatu3 also in afdéjan (:-afdéw/an)\, pa. pple. afdanid-
(:-afiéwid-) vexed, worried. (The relationship of Gothic
diwané, undiwanei, etc. is uncertain.) ‘The simple verb has
shown a notable tendency to die out, and leave its place to
be taken by derivatives : thus in Gothic dax}uan to die.]
I. Of man and sentient beings. * literally.
1. zntr. To lose life, cease to live, suffer death ;
to expire.
The proper word for this, and more especially for the
cessation of life by disease or natural decay (to which it is
often restricted dialectally), but also used of all modes of
death, as ‘to die in battle’, ‘at the stake’, ‘at the hands of
justice’.
a. Forms de3-e(n, dey-e(n, dei3-e(n, dei-e(n,
day, de, dee. (After 1500, north. Eng. and Sc.)
¢ 1135 //oly Rood (1894) 14 Forpan Se ic nu de3en sceal.
c 1205 Lay. 28893 Pe alde king dezede. _/die. 31796 Al folc
gon to dezen, a@x225 Ancr. KR. 108 Me schal er deien.
/bid. 110 He polede sundri pine, & deizede. c12z90 S. Eng.
Leg. 1.62/311 Heo deide pane pridde day. @ 1300 Cursor AT,
24139 (Edin.) Latte vs deien samin [Co?t. dei, /aix/. deye].
13.. /bid, 16762 +119 (Cott.) Him was not geue. . plas, War-on
he mi3t dee fayre. .but deed he3e in peair, 13.. /d7d. 11323
(Gott.) pat heo dede suld neuer dei, Til he suld se crist self wit
ei [Z7in. ALS, deze, e3e]. 13... Sir Bees 3135 Pat emperur
ne3 daide, His wif confortede him & saide. 1375 BArsour
Bruce \, 430 Hys fadyr..deyt tharfor in my presoun. c 1380
Sir Ferumb. 5738 Ech man schal rysen on such aray As he
dayep ynne. c1380 Wyc ir IWV4s. (1880) 296 Crist deyede
to destrie pis heresye & alle his martyrs aftir deyeden. 1382
— Rom. xiv.8 Where we deien, we deien to the Lord. ¢ 1386
Cuaucer Prioress’ T. 82 And eek hire for to preye To been
oure help and socour when we deye. ¢1400 Destr. Troy 921
All dropet the dule as he degh wold. 762. 9551 ‘Vhe buerne
deghet. a 1420 Sir Amadace (Camden) Ixxii, ‘Thenne sone
aftur the kinge deet. c1440 Promp. Parv. 117 Deyyn,
mortor. c1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 40 It gars me
quake for ferd to dee. ¢1470 Henry Wadlace u. 127 Than
wist he nocht of no help, bot to de. 1483 Caxron Gold.
Leg. 142/2 Hys fader and moder deyden. 1489 — Sonnes
of Aymon iii. 79 Noble knyghtes deyeng full myserably
vpon the erthe. ax1sgo00 Nuthrown Maid xxiv. in Arn-
olde's Chron, (1811) 202, I [shal] dey sone after ye be gone.
1552 LynpEsAy Monarche 6114 Neuer to de agane. «a 1605
MontGomgEriE Soxn., lix. 5 To see Sa many lovers, but re-
demption, dee. @ 1800 W. Dovuctas Song, For bonnie Annie
Lawrie, I'd lay me down and dee. 1861 E. WauGu Birtle
Carter's Tale 11 Yo desarven a comfortable sattlement i’th
top shop when yo dee’n.
8. Forms di3-e(n, dy-e(n, di-e(n, dye, dy,die.
¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 14306 He was so
wounded, he most dye. 13.. Cursor M. 7959-60 (Gitt.) For
pu sal witt pat i sal noght lye pe son of tecabe he sal die
[Co/t. lei, dei, Fazxf. legh, degh, 7777. ly3e, dize]. 13...
Guy Warw.(A.) 630 Felice said to Gij, pou dost folie patow
wilt for mi loue dye. 13.. 2. £. Addit. P. A. 306 pa3 for-
tune dyd your flesch to dy3e. 13.. Song of Yesterday
87 in £. &. P. (1862) 135 A mon Sat nou partep and dis
[rime wys]. ¥ Wycuir Rev. xiv. 13 Blessid the deede
men, that dien in the Lord. ¢1386 Cuaucer M/idler’s 7. 627
And for the smert he wende for to dye, As he were wood for
wo he gan tocrye. @ 1400-50 A /e-xander 1260(Ashm. MS.)
To do as drizten wald deme & dyi [4/S. D. dye] all to-
gedire. 1477 Sir J. Paston in Paston Lett. No, 806 III. 207
Yf Idyghe ny the Cyte of London. 1483 Cath. Angi.
To Die, mori, 1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. I. cccxv. 485 TS
dye in prison. 1553 ‘I. Witson Xhet.(1567)19 b, Undoubtedly,
the lawier neuer dieth a begger. 1556 Chron. Gr. Friars
(Camden) 3 Thys yere this kynge Henry the thirde dyde. 1633
Ear Mancu, A/ Mondo (1636) 142 He that will live when
he dyes, must dye while hee lives. 1635 A. Starrorp Fem.
Glory (1869) 147 Her armes express the Crosse whereon He
dide. 165x Hospes Leviath. u. xix. 99 Not onely Monarchs,
but also whole Assemblies dy. 1667 Mitton ?. Z. vil.
S44 In the day thou eat’st, thou di’st. 1695 WoopwarpD
‘at, Hist, Earth (1723) 28 The Shell-fish .. live and dye
there, 1712 Popr Sfect. No. 48 ® 6 Little Spirits that are
born and die with us. 1727-38 Gay Faddes 1. xxvii. 50 So
— and dy’d. 1728 Newton Chronol. Amended 37
ome of these Archons might dye before the end of the ter
years. 1769 Jounson in Boswell Le (1847) 211 It matters
not howa man dies, but how he lives, 1807 Worpsw. White
Doe vit. 313 At length, thus faintly, faintly tied To earth,
she was set free,and died. 1847 TENNyson Princ. v1 Song 4
She must weep or she will die.
b. Const. To die ofa malady, hunger, old age,
or the like ; 4y violence, the sword, his own hand;
Jrom a wound, inattention, etc. ; ¢hrough neglect ;
on or upon the cross, the scaffold, a¢ the stake, 2
battle ; for a cause, object, reason, or purpose, for
the sake of one; formerly also wzth a disease, the
sword, etc.; ov his enemies (i.e. falling dead above
them). In earlier use the prepositions were em-
ployed less strictly. :
¢1200 ORMIN 8656 Sibbenn shule witt anan Off hunngerr
dezenn babe. c1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 850 Of
his burbe his moder deide. ¢ 1340 Cursor M. App. ii. 887 (B.
M. Add. MS.) No womman..dien ne schal of hure childe.
c 1400 Destr. Troy 6528 All pat met hym..dyet of his dynttes,
DIE.
1483 Caxton G. de la Tour Dv, Yf they ete of that fruyte
they shold deye of it. 15380 Barer Adv. D 643 To die of the
plague. 1590 Suaxs, J/ids. N. 11. i. 130 She being mortall,
of that boy did die. 1597 — 2 //en. /V Epil. 31 Falstaffe
shall dye of a Sweat. 1658-9 E. Bopvite in Hatton Corr.
(1878) 17 Like to diy of the small pox. 1716 Appison
Drummer v.i, Vhe wound of which he dy'd. 1796 Burns
Lett. Mr. Cunninghant 7 July, If 1 die not of disease, 1 must
perish with hunger. 1892 Du Maurier eter /bbetson 247
I thought I must die of sheer grief.
1382 Wycuir /zek, vy. 12 The thridde part of thee shal die
bi pestilence. @163r Donne Poems (1650) 10 We can dye
by it, if not live by love. 1643 Dennam Cooper's H. 315
Disdains to dye By common hands. 1683 Cod. Rec. Penn-
syfv. 1. 95 A Calfe that Dyed, as they thought by Witch-
craft,
¢ 1340 Cursor AT, 26847 (Fairf.) Oft man deys borou [Coté,
ofJan wounde. 1382 Wyciir Ve. xvi. 29 Ifthur3 vsid deeth
of men thei dien. /d¢d. xxiii. 1o Dye my soule thur3 the
| deeth of riz3twise men, A/od. If the child had died through
neglect.
13.. Cursor M. 17153 (Cott.), I haf .. ded on pis rode tre.
Tbid, 9039 \Gitt.) God pat dide apon pe rode, ¢ 1400 Dest.
Troy 427 Whan Criste on the crosse for our care deghit.
1675 Brooks Gold. Key Wks. 1867 V. 90 He that died on
the cross was long a-dying. 1820'I’. Ketty //ymn, We sing
the praise. .Of him who died upon the cross.
@1300 Cursor M. 16762+89 \Cott.) When pou deed for
drede. ¢1300 /avelok 840, I wene that we deye mone For
hunger. ¢1380 WycuiF I¥/:s, (1880) 8 Redy to dye for cristin
mennus soulis, ¢ 1489 Caxton Blanchardyn vil. 27 heading,
‘The whiche deyde for sorowe. 1552 Hutort, Dye for the
lone of a womanne, Perire feminam. 1553/1. Witson Rhet.
(1580) 177, I can not chappe these textes in Scripture, if
I should die for it. 1580 Barer AZ. D 643 Willing to die
for ones safetie. 1881 Prrvin Guasso’s Cru. Conv. ut.
(1586) 129, I should die for verie shame. 1599 Haktuyr
Voy. 11.11.73 Shortly after they all die for hunger and cold.
1600 Suaks. A. ¥. LZ. 1v. i, 108 Men haue died from time
to time, and wormes haue eaten them, but not for loue.
1654 WuitLock Zovtomia 121 Though he dye for it, he
cannot think of it. 1655 H. VauGHan Siler Scint. 1. Ded.
(1858)15 My God! thou that didst dye for me. 1713 STEELE
Guardian No. 17 ® 7 But child .. can you see your mother
die for hunger. 1832 ‘Tennyson J/ay Queen 21 ‘They say
he’s dying all for love. A/od. To die for one’s opinions.
1382 Wyciir Yer. xvi. 4 With dethes of siknyngus thei shul
die. ¢1386 Cuaucer Monk's 7. 711 ‘Vhe place in which
he schulde dye With boydekyns. c¢1400 Destr. Troy 8273
Thow dowtles shall dye with dynt of my hond. a 1612
Donne Buadavaros (1644) 52 Annibal.. dyed with poyson
which he alwaies carryed in a ring. a@1672 Woop Life
(1848) 8 His grandmother Penelopie. died with grief. 1692
FE. Wacker Epictetus’ Mor. xvi, ‘Yo dye with Thirst and
Hunger.
1sgr Suaxs. Two Gent. u. iv. 114 He die on him that saies
so but your selfe. 1712-14 Pork Rape Lock vy. 78 Nor
fear'd the Chief th’ unequal fight to try, Who sought no
more than on his foe to die,
e. To die zz a state or condition.
@ 1300 Cursor MM. 25850 (Cott.) Qua pat dees in dedli sin sal
duell in bale. 1382 Wycuir Jer xxxi. 30 Eche in his
wickednesse shal die. 1549 Compl. Scot. ili, 25 Cleopatra
vas lyike to dee in melancolie. 1552 HvuLoer, Dye in great
debte, Relinguere debituim., 1703 MAUNDRELL Journ. Ferus.
(1732) Lett. ii. 3 To dye in the Romish Communion. 17
Cowver 77roc. 150 Would die at last in comfort, peace, and
joy. Zod. He died in poverty and neglect.
d. To die poor, a beggar, a martyr, a millionaire,
ete.
a 1225 Ancr. R. 108 Heo ouh for to deien martir in hire
meseise. 1393 Gower Conf. II, 55 Lo, thus she deiede a
wofull maide. 1553 [see 18]. 1671 Mitton 7”. XR. 1. 422
3utso dy’d Impenitent, 1683 SAtmon Doron Med. 1.17 They
dye(asit were! laughing. 1781 Cowper Retirement 14 Having
lived a trifler, died a man, 1842 TENNYSON Vision of Sin iv.
144 Yet we will not die forlorn, 1883 Century Mag. XXV.
765/t Her old friend had died a bankrupt. 1894 WoLsELEY
Marlborough \. 246 He was every inch a sailor, and died
an ‘Admiral.
2. To die a (specified) death : to die by or suffer
a particular death.
Death prob. represents the OF, déaZe instrumental, in
déape sweltan, L. morte mori: it was in ME. also preceded
by various prepositions, ov, 77, a, 0, of, by, with; but is now
generally treated as a cognate object. In die a death, a
was prob. originally the preposition=o7, 0 (see quots. ¢ 1200,
¢ 1386) but came to be treated as the indefinite article.
a. with instrumental case, or equivalent preposition.
[cgo0 lfrea’s Laws 14. 15 in ‘Thorpe I. 48 (Bosw.) He
sceal deabe sweltan. a 1178 Cott. Hom. 221 Pu scealt deade
sweltan. c12z00 Trin. Coll, Hom. 181 Pu shalt a dede
swelte.] 13.. Cursor M. 660 (Cott.) O [Haizx/, Wit, Gott.
Of, Zxix. On] duble ded pan sal 3ee dei. 1382 Wyctir
Gen. ii. 17 In what euer day sotheli thow etist there of, with
deth thow shalt die [x Thou schalt die by deeth [Vulg.
morte morieris|, — | a xili. 22 Bi deeth die we [Vulg.
morte moriemur), for we han seen the Lord. — Ezeh,
xxviii. ro In deeth of yncircumcydid men, thou shalt die.
1386 Cuaucer Meld, ¥ 606 Bettre it is to dye of [so5 /SS.;
Harl. on, Petw. a] bitter deeth. ¢1450 Merlin 52, | knowe
not what deth this fole shall on dye. ¢1477 Caxton Yasonu
42 If I dye not of bodily deth I shal dye of spirituel deth,
1483 — G. de fa Tour Gv, Your sone deyd this nyght of
a good dethe. cxgoo Me/usine 247 To deye of an euyl
deth, 1625-6 Purcuas Pilgrims IL, 1041 He died of his
naturall death.
b. without preposition.
13.. Sir Benes 341, 1 ne reche, what deb he dige, Sippe he
be cold. 13.. Cursor M, 952 (Gitt.) And sipen dobil dede
to dei [Cott., Fairf. wit, Trin. on doubel dep]. /déd. 10917
(Gétt.) He pat first na dede miht die [Co¢¢. na ded moght
drei]. 21460 Zowneley Myst. (Surtees) 6 Thou shalle dye
a dulfulle dede. @1533 Lv. Berners Huoz cxxv. 453 He
wolde cause the emperour to dye an yll dethe. 1535 Cover-
DALE Nu, xxiii. 10 My soule die y® death of y® righteous,
and my ende be as the ende of these. 1598 Suaxs. Merry W.
1v. ii, 158 He shall dye a Fleas death. 1602 WARNER Add.
Eng. 1x, xlv.(1612) 212 But twentie two a naturall death did
: DIE.
die. 1610 Suaks. Tem, este? baw faine dye a dry death.
x6rr Biste Fokn xviii. 32 6 ar what death he should
i
die. 1687 Sertie Ref. 2 85 I 'le die a thousand deaths
before I’ le do so or so, 1832 Tennyson Miller's Dau. xii,
Love dispell'd the fear That I should die an early death.
e. To die the death: to suffer death, to be put
to death,
Dr. Johnson (Shaks, (1765) 1. 311) says _‘“die the death”
seems to be a solemn phrase for death inflicted by law.’
1535 CoverpaLe Yudg. xiii. 22 We must dye the death,
because we haue sene God [Wycuir Br deeth die we].
1s8r Lamsarve Liven. u. vii. (1588) If one do burne
a dwelling house maliciously, he shall die the death for it.
1 Suaks. Aids. N.1. i. 65 Either to dye the death, or to |
abiure For euer the society of men. 1611 — Cyd. Ww. ii.
97 Dye the death: When I haue slaine thee with my proper |
and, Ile follow those that euen now fled hence. 1801
Soutney 7halaba 1x. xxxix, And in that wild and despe-
rate agony Sure Maimuna had died the utter death. ~
Tennyson Lancelot & Elaine 866 [He] had died the deat
In any knightly fashion for her sake.
3. In varions phrases, describing the manner or
condition of death. (Sometimes {g:: cf. 10.)
To die game, to maintain a bold and defiant bearing to the
last, i. e. like a gamecock ; whence by contrast fo die dung-
hill; to die hard, i.e. with difficulty, reluctantly, not with-
out a struggle; 40 die in one’s bed, i.e. of illness or other
natural cause, the opposite of which is fo die in one's shoes;
to die in harness, i.e. in full work; to die in the last ditch,
i.e. in defending the last ditch of an entrenchment, to fight
to the last extremity; and in other similar phrases.
1523 Lv. Berners /7viss. 1. 1xxxiv. 107 We shall not forsake
you to dye inthe quarrell. /é/d. I. ccvi. 243 Tyll he had
made an ende of his warr.. or els to dye in the payne.
1631 RurnHerrorp Left. 1. ix. (1881) 384 It cannot stand
with his honour to die in the burrows. 1663 lagellum, or
O. Cromiwell Pref. (1672) 3 He had the fortune .. to dye in
his bed. a1700 B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Die like a Dog,
to be hang'd.. Die on a Fish-day, or in his shoes, the same.
Die like a Rat, to be ysoned. 1712 HEARNE Collect.
(Oxf. Hist. Soc.) III. 341 He dy'd in his Shoes ; his Domes-
ticks say of an Apoplexie. a1715 BurNeET Ozun Time (1766)
I. 457 There was a sure way never to see it lost, and that
was to die in the last ditch. 1805 Azn. Reg. 370 Declaring,
in cant terms, that they would ‘die game’. 1811 Syp.
Situ Wes. (1867) 1. 203 Nothing dies so hard .. as intoler-
ance. 1825 On Bullbaiting i. (Houlston Tracts 1. xxviii.
5), I don’t intend to die dunghill. 1863 Fawcerr Pol. Econ,
1. xi, (1876) 294 Reform is slow, and abuses die hard. 1867
Homeward Mail 16 Nov. 951/2 Mr. P. A. Dyke has died
in harness at his post as Government agent. 1868 M. Par-
TISON Academ. Org. v. 129 Learning in Oxford died hard and
yielded up its breath not without many a struggle. 1870
SpurGeon 77reas. Dav. Ps. x. 15 Very few great persecutors
have ever died in their beds. 1871 Freeman Norvr. Cong.
(1876) IV. xvii. 42 Men who.. had actually died in arms
against him. 1875 Srupes Cowst. /Vist. III. xxi. 544 Like
most medieval workers they all died in harness.
b. Never say die: never consent or resign oneself to death;
never give in.
1837 Dickens Pickw. ii, Never say die—down upon your
luck. 1880 Payn Confid. Agent III. 161 Never say die
while there ’s a shot in the locker.
4. To suffer the pains or dangers of death; to
face death.
1382 Wyciir 1 Cor. xv.31 Ech day I deie for 30ure glorie,
britheren. 1526-34 TinDALE ¢6/d., By oure reioysinge which
I have in Christ lesu oure Lorde, I dye dayly. 1633 [see 1B).
** transf, and fig.
5. Theol. To suffer spiritual death; ‘To perish
everlastingly’ (J.): cf. DEATH 5.
1 Hampote Pr. Consc. 8159 Pai salle ay deghand lyf,
and lyfand dyghe, And ever-mare payns of ded pus dryghe.
I Wycir £zek. xviii. 4 The soule that shal synne, the
ilk shal die. 1 Bk. Com. Prayer Burial of Dead, And
whosoever liveth, and believeth in him, shall not die eter-
nally, 1627 HaKEWILL Aol. (1630) 512 So long as God shall
liue, so long shall the damned die.
6. 7o die unto; to cease to be under the power
or influence of; to become dead unto: cf. Rom. vi. 2.
1648 Westm. Assembly's Shorter Catech. Q. 35 Sanctifi- |
cation. .whereby we. .are enabled more and more to die unto
sin, and live unto righteousness.
7. To suffer pains identified with those of death ;
(often hyperbolical) to languish, pine away with
passion ; to be consumed with longing desire ; 40
die for, to desire keenly or excessively.
1g9t Lyty Endym. 1. iv, The lady that he delights in, and
dotes on every day, and dies for ten thousand times a day.
1593 Nasue Christ's 7. 33a, He saw him swallow downe
a bitte that he dyde for. 1599 Suaks. Much Ado mi. ii. 69
And in despight of all, dies for him. 1610 — Ze, m1. i. 79
And much lesse take What I shall die to want. a 1631
Donne Poems (1650) 14 Deare, I die As often as from thee
I goe, r7xx Avpison Sfect. No. 86 P 2 Nothing is more
common than for lovers to . ——, despair, and dye in
dumb show. 1832 Tennyson “lednore 141-8, I die with
my delight .. I would be dying evermore, So dying ever,
Eleiinore. Mod. collog. 1 am dying for a drink.
b. 70 be dying to do (something) : to long greatly.
1709 Prior Celia to Danton 8 That durst not tell me, what
I dy'd to hear. 1721 Sreece Spect. No. 254 P 3 She dies
to see what demure and serious Airs Wedlock has given
‘ou. 1780 Map. D'Arstay Diary May, Mrs. Bowdler has
long been dying to come to the point. 1786 /did. 17 July,
Miss P—, who was. .dying with impatience to know. .every-
thing about me, 1832 L. Hunt Sr Fy Foose The
secret was dying to escape him. 1893 G. ALLEN Scallywag
I. 20 The pretty American's dying to see you,
ce. To die with or of laughing : to be exhausted
by laughing.
1596 Suaxs. Tam, Shr. m. ii 243 Went they not her w 44
I should die with laughing. 1606 — 7. §& C7. 1. iii. 176
this sport Sir Valour dies; cries .. giue me ribs of Steele,
I shall split all In pl my Spl 1778 Mav.
| “die into offensive
336
D’Arpiay Diary 23 Aug., An account he gave us ., would
have made you die with laughing. 1796 Jane Austen
Pride & Prey. vi. (1813) 194, I was ready to die of laughter.
_ II. Of non-sentient objects, substances, quali-
ties, actions.
8. Of plants, flowers, or organized matter: To
lose vegetative life ; to cease to be subject to vital
forces ; to pass into a state of mortification or de-
composition,
1382 Wyctiir 1 Cor. i That thing that thou sowist, is
not quykenyd, no but it deie first. ¢1420 Pallad. on Husb.
ut. 642 Thai wol multiplie There as all other treen and
herbes deye. 1513 Douctas 4neis 1x. vii. 149 Lyke as
the purpour flour.. Dwynis away, as it doith faid or de.
1578 Tusser Husé, (1878) 85 Good quickset bie, Old gatherd
will die. 1599 SHaxs. Hen. V, v. ii. 42 Her Vine.. Vn-
pruned, dyes. 1607 Topset. Four-/. Beasts (1658) 477 The
same part of his tail which is beneath the knot will da after
such binding, and never have any sense in it again. 1707
Curios. in Hush. & Gard. 62 'Yhe Plant, grown dry and
withered..must dy. ¢ 1820 SHELLEY Autumn 2 The pale
flowers are dying. 1855 Tennyson Maud v1.i.6 The shinin
daffodils die. 1869 Huxtry Phys. i. (ed. 3) 22 Individual
cells of the epidermis and of the epithelium are incessantly
dying and being cast off.
b. Said of the heart: To cease to beat; to
sink as in swooning.
1611 Bisce 1 Sam. xxv. 37 His heart died within him, and
he became asa stone. 177: Smotiettr //umph. Cl. 26 —
P18 My heart seemed to die within me. 1795 Soutney Yoan
of Arci.2go It might be seen. . by the deadly paleness which
ensued, How her heart died within her.
9. fig. Of substances: To lose force, strength,
or active qualities, to become ‘dead’, flat, vapid,
or inactive.
1612 Wesster White Devil iv.i, Best wine, Dying, makes
strongest vinegar. 1823 P. Nicnotson Pract. Build. 390
Plaster is said to die when it loses its strength.
10. Of actions, institutions, states, or qualities:
To come to an end, pass out of existence ; to go
out, as a candle or fire; to pass out of memory, to
be utterly forgotten.
a 1240 Lofsong in Cott. Hom. 211 Pine pinen buruwen me
. from pene dead det neuer ne deied. 1387 Trevisa Higden
(Rolls) I. 7 (M&tz.) Dedes pat wolde deie, storye kepeb hem
euermoge. c 1420 Pallad. on Hush. 1. 600 As cornes that wol
under growe her eye, That but thou lete hem oute, the sight
wol die. 1548 Hatt Chron., Edw, /\”, 240 In whose person
died the very surname of Plantagenet. 1577 B.Gooce Heres-
bach's Husb. 1. (1586) 110 The coles that are made of the
Pine tree .. die not so fast as the other. 1580 Baret A@z.
D 643 Loue vtterly dieth, or decaieth. ag re 3 Hen.
VJ, u. vi. 1 Heere burnes my Candle out; I, heere it dies.
1599 — Much Ado v. i. 301 So dies my reuenge. 1710 Pri-
peAux Orig. Tithes v. 237 But he dying the same year he
published them [Laws], they also dyed with him, 1711 Appt-
son Sfect. No. 26 ® 5 When I look upon the Tombs of the
great, every Emotion of Envy dies in me, 1820 SHELLEY
Ode Liberty ix. 13 Art, which cannot die. 1847 TENNYSON
Princ. 1. 189 Speak, and let the topic die. 1871 Morey
Voltaire (1886) 7 A fragile and secondary good which the
world is very willing to let die. 1892 Du Maurier Peter
[bbetson 247 It is good that my secret must die with me.
b. Sometimes more directly fig. from 1.
1594 Hooker Eccé. Pol. 1. xvi. (1611) 50 All these con-
trouersies might have dyed, the very day they were first
brought foorth., 1 Suaxs, 1 Hen. IV, 1. iii. 74 What
euer Harry Percie then had said. .May reasonably dye, and
neuer rise To do him wrong. 1601 — 7wel. N.1.i.3 The
appetite may sicken, and so dye. 1610 — 7emp. u. i. 216
Thou let'st thy fortune sleepe : die rather.
11. To pass gradually away (esp. out of — or
sight) by becoming fainter and fainter; to fade
away.
[1581 Petrie Guazzo’s Civ. Conv. 11. (1586) 58 b, The fault
of some,who suffer the last letters to die betweene their teeth]
1 Pore Windsor For. 266, 1 hear sweet music die alon;
the grove. 1715-20 — //iad u. 126 Fainter murmurs dy’
upon the ear, 1826 Disragit Viv. Grey v. xii, The words
died on Vivian’s lips. 1832 Tennyson Miller's D. AR
I watch’'d the little circles die. 1859 — Elaine 323
living smile Died from his lips.
12. To pass by dying (z¢o something else) ; to
pera (into something) at death or termination,
1633 Eart Mancu. A/ Mondo (1636) 27 The brightest dayes
dye into dark nights, but rise againe a mornings.
Bre. Hatt Remedy Discontents 20 The day dyes into night.
1742 Younc Nt. Th. vi. 697 The world of matter, with its
various forms, All dies into new life. 1755 — Centaur ii.
87 He that lives in the kingdom of Sense shall die into the
kingdom of Sorrow. 1784 Cowrer ask 11. 96 ‘The rivers
Is. 1842 Tennyson Day-Dream 188
The twilight died into the dark.
b. Archit. To m into, lose itself by yoains
into; to terminate ually 2 or against. Cf. 13 c.
1 . Wess Stone-Heng (1725) 88 A Parapet. .is let into,
or le to die against the Columns. 1859 Jeruson Brittany
xviii. 291 The mouldings of the arches die into the pillars.
1870 F. R. Witson Ch. Lindisf. 116 There is a staircase
turret which dies into the tower.
III. With adverbs, forming compound verbs.
13. Die away. a. To pass away from life gra-
dually ; to faint or swoon away.
1707 Curios. in Husb. §& Gard. 62 We see several Plants
grow dry, and dy away. 1711 Appison Sfect, No. 3 7
he fainted and died away at the sight. 1713 — Cato. 1v.
i, I die away with horror at the thought. 1725 Pore Odyss.
xiv. 401 Oh ! had he .. in his friend’s embraces dy'd away !
182r SueLtey Prometh, Und, u. ii. 21 meotes dying away
On its mate’s music-panting bosom, « W. Browne
Grk. Classical Lit. (1857) 138 My feeble pulse forgot to
play, I fainted, sank, died away.
DIE-AWAY.,
b. To diminish gradually in force or activity
and so come to an end; to fade away, cease or dis-
ap gradually. ;
Hacke Coélect. Voy, (1699) 11. 15 The wind in the
mean time dying away, I was becalmed. 1706 A. Beprorp
Temple Mus, ix. 172 Voices. .seem to die away. 1712
Sreere Sfect. No. 427 P2 Thus groundless away.
1792 S. Rocers Pleas. Mem, u. 91 At his feet the bende
dies ets 1837 Disrarii Venetia wi. vii, The day died
away, and still he was wanting. 1840 R. H. Dana hee Mast
xxv. 81 The breeze died away at night. ALL
Glac. 1. xxiv. 175 The direct k = 9 each avalanche had
died away.
e. Archit. and Carpentry. To pass or merge
gradually into the adjacent structure. Cf. 12 b.
1869 Six E. J. Reen Ship-build. v. 76 To be 2 feet di
amidships and to extend across until they die away wit
rise of floor. 1873 Fercuson in Tristram Land of Moab
373 The arch must have died away against the towers.
+d. trans. To cause to die or come to an end.
rare—',
1748 Ricnarpson Clarissa (1811) Med Sp little and
little, in such a gradual sensible death .. aa away in
us, as I may say, all human satisfaction, in order to subdue
his poor creatures to himself.
14. Die back. Said of the recent shoot ofa plant:
To die from the apex back to the woody or peren-
nial part.
Cf. die down ; herbaceous plants die down to the ground,
tender shoots die back to the old wood.
1850 Beck's Florist Nov. 265 ‘Vhe shrub.. will in a manner
prune itself, or at least those shoots that require removing will
die back, and there will be only the dead wood to cut away.
15. Die down. a. To subside gradually into a
dead or inactive state; to die away.
1834 Kesie in Lyra A fost. (1849) 58 The deep knell dyin;
down. 1859 Tennyson Elaine 179 Lunghi Ayieg awn
as the great knight Approach'd thems, 1874 Green Short
Hist. vi. § 1.267 The war died down into mere massacre and
brigandage. Antiguary May 222 The tin trade of
— died down. Mod. The fire was left to die down
itself.
b. Of plants: To die down to the ground, while
the underground stem and roots survive.
1895 Home Garden 40 To secure perfect blooms [of Crocus],
the foliage must be left to die down of its own accord.
Mod. This Polygonum attains a height of ten feet, and
yet dies down entirely in the winter.
16. Die off. a. To go off, be removed or carried
off, one after another, by death.
1697 Dampier Voy. I. 113 It is usual with sick men coming
from the Sea Air to dye off as soon as ever they come
within the view of the Land. 1741 Ricuarpson /amela(1742)
III. 292 A Gentleman's Friends may die off, 1807 Sournry
Espriella's Lett. U1. 100 The Russian soldiers .. sickened
and died off like rotten sh 1840 Dickens regen
vii, Accustomed to wish with great emphasis that the whole
race of women could but die off. 1857 Buckie Civélis. I.
xi. 649 That generation having died off. A/od. If the cattle
and other stock are not sold off, they will die off. The
cuttings in the frames damped off, the plants in the green-
house died off.
b. transf. Of sounds, etc.: To die away, to
pass away.
1722 De For Plague (1884) 10 This Rumour died off
ain. 1805 Fuinpers in PAdl. Trans, XCVI. 245 On the
wind dying off .. it descended quickly to 30 inches. 1
Browninc La Saisiaz 45 If pray eer throes of the prelude
die not off into the swell. 1886 Sir F. H. Dovie Reminis-
cences 175 So the debate died off. -
7. Die out. a. Of a family or race (of animals
or plants): To be (gradually) extinguished by
death ; to become extinct.
1865 Seetey Loce Homo iv. (1866) 38 His house soon dies
out. 1866 Mrs. Cartyte Left. ILI. 306 So sad that one’s
family should die out. 1875 Jowerr Plato (ed. 2) ILL. 163
Barbarous nations when they are introduced by Europ
to vice die out. 1887 F. B. Zincxe Hist, Wherstead 173
They never bore any more fruit, and gradually died out.
b. To go out, or come to an end (gradually) ; to
away or become extinct by degrees.
1853 Kane Grinnell Exp, xxvii. (1856) 219 The lard-lamp
died out in the course of the night. 1872 Freeman Gen,
Sketch xii. § 21. 232 In go villainage was on the
whole dying out. 1885 7yuth 11 June 936/2 Public interest
had flagged and gradually died out. 1887 A thenwumn7 May
603/3 To tell how the religions of Greece and Rome died
out. 1892 Du Maurier Peter Jbbetson 43 The last red
streak dies out of the wet west.
+18. Die up. To die off entirely, to perish. Ods.
@ 1300 Cursor M. 4703 (Cott.) Pan deid pe bestes vp biden,
Thor } pe hunger pat oe sa is ¢€ 140 Tbid. 4831 (Trin.)
of folke seed xP al by dene. 1475 Bk. Noblesse (1860) 42
is peple died up by gret mortalite of pestilence, 1553-87
Foxe A. § d/. (1596) 76/1 Most part of the husbandmen ..
died up with the famine and pestilence. .
Die, v. [f. Die 54.1] ¢vans. To furnish with
adie; to mould or shape with a die.
1703 T. N. City § C. Purchaser 213 The Sheathing-nail
ought not to go through the Plank..and the Head must be
1 clasped, or died, so as it may sinkintothe Wood. 1885
Harper's Mag. LXX. 282 Every machine-made shoe also
has an ‘inner sole’ died out or moulded, to correspond in
shape with the ‘ outer sole’.
Die, obs. form of Dyx z. and sé,
Die‘-a’ , a [from the verbal phr. 70 die
away: see Dir v.113.] That dies away or has the
air of d away; langui
ig oi A j
‘ARIAN Moore Lascelles 11. 196 If I thought you
liked that die-away Miss. 1832 Examiner 229/2 He
a die-away love-ditty. 1840-1 S. WARREN 10,000 a Year I,
124 The die-away manner in which she moved her head.
or,
_—
ey ee ee ee
. Tagis a stretching:
DIEB.
1871 G, Merepitn 17, Richmond xxv. (1889) 227 The Mar-
gravine groaned impatiently at talk of such a die-away sort.
| Dieb (dzb). Zoo/. [a. Arab. 435 070, ‘wolf’,
also in some districts ‘jackal’, = Heb, IN} 2¢°é%
wolf.) A species of Wild Dog or Jackal (Cans
anthus) found in Northern Africa.
1829 Fiscuer Synopsis Mamma. 181 ‘ Dieb’ of the Arabs.
1869 Gray Cat. Carnivora in Brit. Mus, 189.
Die’-back, s/. [from the phrase /o die back: see
Dir v.114.] The fact of dying back; the term
for a disease affecting orange-trees in Florida, etc.,
in which the tree dies from the top downward.
1886 in S. Fattows Suppl. Dict.
Diecious, etc., var. Diacious, ete.
|| Diectasis (daijektasis). Pros. [a. Gr. déx-
see Di-3 and Ecrasis.]
Lengthening by the interpolation of a syllable.
1894 A thenvum 29 Dec. 884/1 From the scientific point of
view there is .. not a word to be said in favour of such
grammatical monsters as €ys and épaao6e, But it is perfectly
easy to see how they arose from a misunderstanding of the
‘Epic diectasis.’ !
iedapper, obs. f. Dipaprper, dabchick.
Diedral, var. DIHEDRAL.
+ Diegema‘tical, a. Obs. [f. Gr. byynya-
tuc-ds descriptive +-AL.] Of the nature of a nar-
rative or description ; descriptive.
1624 Br. Mountacu /xvocation Saints 184 That which he
({Nazianzen] hath is diegematicall, not by way of conclusion,
or of approbation, E
|| Diegesis (doitdzrsis). [a. Gr. d:fyno0s nar-
ration, narrative ; in a speech, the statement of the
case, f. dinyéopac to describe, narrate.] A narrative’
a statement of the case.
1829 R. Taytor (¢7#/e), The Diegesis, being a Discovery of
the Origin, Evidences, and Early History of Christianity.
+ Diego (dyégo). Obs. [Sp. Diego, the Christian
name James, being that of the patron saint of Spain
see also Don Diego s. v. Don.]
1. Aname fora Spaniard: cf. Daco, (Also attr7d.)
cx6x1 J. Taytor (Water P.) Laugh § be Fat, Wks. (1630)
72/1 Next followes one, whose lines aloft doe raise Don
Coriat, chiefe Diego of our daies. To praise thy booke, or
thee, he knowes not whether, It makes him study to praise
both, or neither. 1659 Davenant Play-House to Let 11.
Dram. Wks. 1873 1V. 55 The Diegos we'll board to rum-
mage their hold. 1667 Drypen S77 Martin Mar-all i. ii.
This hungry Diego rogue. 1687 M. Cuirrorp Notes Dryden
(N.), That were as Diego said of the poor of his parish,
All the parish.
2. A Spanish sword, or one of the same sort.
1709 STEELE 7atler No. 39 ® 4o Insulted by a Bully with
along Diego. 1867 SmytH Sazlor’s Word-bk., Diego, avery
strong and heavy sword.
3. Name of a variety of pear.
1664 Evetyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 21 Pears .. Bing’s Pear,
Bishop’s Pear (baking, Diego [etc. ].
Die'-hard, sé. and a. [from the phrase /o die
hard: see Dik v.1 3.]
A. adj. That dies hard, resisting to the last.
B. sé. One that dies hard; spec. an appellation of
the 57th Regiment of Foot in the British Army.
1 W. H. Maxwe tt Sforts §& Adv. Scotl. x, (1855) 100
The Die-hards (57th regiment). 1856 J. W. Cote Brit. Gen.
Penins. Warl. v. 200 note. 187% Standard 28 Jan., Ducrot,
who is a good die-hard general of brigade. 1871 Daily News
1 Feb., Some 20,000 die-hards are determined to get up into
that keep and hold out for a spell longer. — W. R.
Livettyn in Dict. Nat. Biog. XX1X. 8/1 At Albuera the
57th occupied a position as important as it was deadly.
* Die hard! 57th’, said Inglis, ‘die hard!’ They obeyed,
and the regiment is known as the ‘ Die-hards’ to this day.
Dieidism (dai,ai‘diz’m). Azo’. [f. Gr. 5- two
+ ¢@5-os form + -I8M.] The condition of having
two different forms at different stages of life.
1874 Lussock Orig. § Met. Ins. iv. 80 Those cases in
which animals or plants pass through a succession of different
forms might be distinguished by the name of dieidism or
polyeidism.
Dielectric (dai,*lektrik), sd. and a [[f. Di-
pref. =Gr. &-, ba- through + ELEcrric.]
A. sb. A substance or medium through or across
which electric force acts without conduction ; a non-
conductor; an insulating medium.
1837 Farapay in PAil. Trans. (1838) I. 25 The particular
action described occurs in the shell-lac .. as well as in the
dielectric used within the apparatus. 1838 — xf. Res.
(2839) 364 My view that electric induction is an action of the
contiguous particles of the insulating medium or dielectric.
Note. 1 use the word dielectric-to express that substance
through or across which the electric forces are acting. (Dec.
1838.) 1881 MAxwett Electr. § Magn. 1. 462 The resistance
of the greater ber of lectrics diminishes as the
temperature rises. 1885 Watson & Bursury Math. Th.
Electr. §& Magn. 1. 184 The dielectric, in Faraday’s lan-
guage, has inductive capacity. It is less for air and the
rmanent gases than for any solid dielectrics, and rather-
less for vacuum than for air.
B. adj.
1. Having the property of transmitting electric
effects without conduction ; non-conducting.
1871 A thenzum 10 June 723 He supposes. . that the sheaths
of the muscular fibres are dielectric. 1885 Watson & Bursury
Math. Th. Electr. §& Magn. \. 77 Such a medium, consi
as transmitting these electrical effects without conduction,
is called a Dielectric medium, and the action which takes
place through it is called. . Jnduction,
Vor. III.
337
2. Relating to a dielectric medium, or to the
transmission of electricity without conduction.
1863 ATKINSON tr. Ganot's Physics (1886) 685 ‘The action is
..analogous to that of the pole of a magnet on a piece of
soft iron; and Faraday called it dielectric polartsation.
1881 Macrar.ane in Nature No. 620. 465 By the dielectric
strength of a substance I mean the ratio of the difference of
potential required to pass a spark through air under the
same conditions. 1881 .4 thenxum 5 Feb. 203/2 [A paper on]
‘Dielectric Capacity of Liquids’, by Dr. Hopkinson.
Diele‘ctrically, adv. [f. pree. +-an + -Ly2.]
In a dielectric manner ; by dielectric action.
1881 4 thenvum 16 Apr. 529/3 On the Internal Forces of
Magnetized and Dielectrically Polarized Bodies.
Diem [{L.=day|, in phr. fer diem: see PER.
||Diencephalon (doaijense‘falpn). Avat. [mod.
L., f. Gr. ét-, éa- through (Di-2) + éyépador
brain: see ENcEPHALON. Representing Ger. sw-
schenhirn.}] The middle brain; that division of |
the brain between the mesencephalon and prosen-
cephalon; also called Deutencephalon or Thalam-
encephalon. Wence Diencepha‘lic a., pertaining
to the diencephalon.
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diencephalon,
Dieng, obs. form of dyzzz: see Dix v.
+ Diennial, a. Obs. rave—°. = BIENNIAL.
1656 BLount Glossogr., Dicnnial, of or pertaining to two
years,
Diep(e, obs. form of Drrr.
Dier (daia1). rare. Also 6 dyer. [f. Dir v.!
+ -ER!.] One who dies; one who suffers, or is
liable to, death.
1570 Piththy Note to Papists (1862), Many sundry deaths
doo bring the dyers endles shame. 1638 SuckLinc Brez-
noralt 1.1, Dead, as live; Well, goe thy wayes, for a quiet
drinker and dier, 1887 Jrssorp in 19th Cent, Dec. 839
‘T suppose I am a dier’, she said. .‘ Lused to think I should
never die’,
Dier, obs. form of Dear, Deer, DYER.
Dieresis, dieretic, var. Drmrxsis, -FTIC.
| Dies (deizz). The Latin word for ‘day’;
used in certain phrases.
a. Dies iree, ‘day of wrath’, the first words, and hence
the name, of a Latin hymn on the Last Judgement ascribed
to Thomas of Celano (¢ 1250).
b. Dies non (short for dies non Juridicus), in Law,aday
on which no legal business is transacted, or which is not
reckoned in counting days for some particular purpose.
Also in other legal phrases : see quot. 1848,
1607-72 CoweE Lt /uterpfr., Dics..A legal day, and that is
of two sorts, 1. Dies Furidicus, and 2. Dies non Furidicus.
Dies F¥uridicié are all dayes..given in Term to the Parties
in Court. Dies non Furidici are all Sundayes in the year,
besides, in the several Terms particular dayes. 1805 Scorr
Last Minstr. vi. xxx, And far the echoing aisles prolong
The awful burthen of the song,—Dies ira, dies illa, Solvet
seeclum in favilla. 1825 Hone Lvery-day Bk. 1.156 A Sun-
day..is a dies non, or no day in law. 1848 Warton Law
Lex., Dies amoris (the day of love), the appearance day of
the Term on the fourth day, or gvarto die post. It was the
day given by the favour and indulgence of the court to the
defendant for his appearance, when all parties appeared in
court, and had their appearance recorded by the proper
officer. Dies datus, the day of respite given to a defendant.
.. Dies furidicus, a court day... Dies non Juridicus, not
a-court day. 1860 THackeray Round. Papers (1863) 196
The idea (des zrz !) of discovery must haunt many a man.
1887 Ruskin Preterita 11. 213 Men have been curiously
judging themselves by always calling the day they expected,
‘Dies Irae’, instead of * Dies Amoris’.
|| Diesis (dai‘ésis). Pl. dieses (-iz). [a. L.
diests, Gr. Sieois a quarter-tone, lit. a sending
through or apart, f. diévar to send through, f. da
through + vac to send.]
1. Mus. a. In ancient Greek music, a name given
to several different intervals smaller than a tone;
esp. the Pythagorean semitone, equal to the differ-
ence between two major tones and a perfect fourth
(ratio 243:256). b. In modern music, the interval
equal to the difference between three major thirds
and an octave, or between the chromatic and dia-
tonic semitones (ratio 125:128); usually called
enharmonic diesis.
4 +398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xix. cxxxi. (1495) 941 Diesis
is the space and doynge of melodye and chaungynge out of
one sowne in to a nother. 1597 Mortey /ntrod. Mus.
Annot., Diesis is the halfe of the lesse halfe note, 1694
Hotpver Harmony (1731) 121 The Ditone, made by these
two Degrees, is too much by a Diesis (128 to 125), @ 1734
Norrn Lives (1826) 11. 210 He makes great ado about divid-
ing tones major, tones minor, dieses and commas. 1867
Macrarren Harmony i.8 Theeffect of the Enharmonic diesis
is employed by no means rarely in. .musical performances.
2. Printing. The sign f, usually called ‘ double
dagger’.
[Formerly used to denote a diesis in Music: cf. 1727-51
CuamBers Cycd. s.v., ‘The chromatic, or double diesis,
denoted by a double cross.’ In French, the sign of the
‘sharp’ $ is called diése.]
1706 Pures (ed. Kersey), Déesis .. among Printers it is
taken for a Mark, otherwise call’d a Double-dagger }.
1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. 1. 701/x Diesis (Printing), the
dou ble dagger (t), a reference-mark,
Diet (doi-et), sd.1 Forms: 3-6 diete, (5 diat,
dyette, 5-6 dyete, diette), 5-8 dyet, (6 diot,
dyot, dyat, dieat, dyeat), 5— diet. [a. OF. dete
(13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.),=Sp., Pg., and It. dze¢a, |
ad, L. dixda (in med.L. diéta), a, Gr. dtarra ‘mode
DIET.
of life’. (Supposed to be connected with (dew
to live: see Meyer Gr. Gram. § 261.)]
+1. Course of life ; way of living or thinking.
ve a same diet, of a different diet, both of a diet, i.e. sort
or kind.
¢ 1400 Beryn 1431 Ech day our diete Shall be mery & solase,
& this shall be for-zete, 1567 777ad/ 7 reas. (1850) 31 Behold-
howe a lie can please some folkes diet! 1612-5 Br. Hatt
Contempl., O. T. x. ii, Either this was the Sonne himselfe,
or else one..of the same diet. /é/d. xv. vi, Worldly mindes
think no man can bee of any other then their owne dyet.
1618 — Seri. v. 104 Francis of Assise and he were both of
a diet. a@1656 — Nem. Wks. (1660) 255 The minds of
men may be of a different diet.
2. esp. Customary course of living as to food:
way of feeding.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pard. 7. 188 He wolde been the moore
mesurable Of his diete sittynge at his table. c¢1470
Henry Wadlace iv. 333 Off dyet fayr Wallace tuk neuer
kepe; Bot as it come, welcum was meit and sleip. 1531
Eyot Gov, 1. xiii, He wyll .. enquire what skyll he hath
in feedyng, called diete, and kepyng of his hauke from
all sickenes. 1635 N. Carrenrer Geog, Del. u. xv. 259
Scarcity inuites the mountaine dwellers to a more sparing
and wholesome diet. 1774 J. Bryant J/ythoé. II. 261 He
brought mankind from their foul and savage way of feed-
ing to a more mild and rational diet. 1838 Prescott /erd.
& Is, (1846) IT. v. 360 He maintained the same abstemious
diet amidst all the luxuries of his table. 1866 LivinGstone
Last Frnl, 23 Dec. (1873) I. vii. 162 A meat diet is far from
satisfying.
3. Prescribed course of food, restricted in kind or
limited in quantity, esf. for medical or penal rea-
sons; regimen. Hence fo put fo a diet (F. mettre
A la ditte), o heep or take diet (F. observer une
diéte).
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Nun's Pr. T.18 No deyntee morsel passed
thurgh hir throte.. Attempree diete was al hir phisik. c 1400
Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 72 Pe firste tretis is of gouernaunce &
diete of men pat ben woundid. c 1440 Gesta Rom. xix. 334
(Add, MS.), There was a man-sleer taken, and put into
prison, and put to his diete. 1495 Actr1 len. 1/7, c. 28 1
He to be sette. .in Stokkis by the space of vj daies with like
diete as is before reherced. @ 1533 Lp. BERNERS Gold. BA.
M. Aurel. (1546) M vijb, ‘The ydeotte kepeth diete from
bookes and resteth on his meate. 1g9t SHaks. 7'7wo Gent.
i. i. 25 ‘To fast, like one that takes diet. 1603 — A/vas. for
M. 1, i, 116 Past cure of the thing you wot of, vnlesse they
kept very good diet. 1655 Movrer & Bennet Health's
Improvent. (1746) 68, I define Diet .. to be an orderly and
due Course observed in the Use of bodily Nourishments.
21735 ArpuTHNot John Bull Postscr. Swift’s Wks. 1751
VI. 166 He.. by Diet, Purging, Vomiting, and Bleeding,
tried to bring them to equal Bulk. 1741 Jounson LZ. 7,
Morin, To preach diet and abstinence to his patients. 1841
Ecpuinstone //7st. /nd. 1. 455 They rely most on diet and
regimen, and next, on external applications.
4. Food; the provisions or victuals in daily use,
viewed as a collective whole, especially in relation
to their quality and cffects.
1225 Aucr. R.112 Vnderstonded, hwuc was his diete pet
dei, iden ilke blodletunge! So baluhful & so bitter! 1398
Trevisa Barth, De P. R. vit. ly. (1495) 268 In chyldern the
vryne is thycke by cause of gleymy diete. c14z0 Anturs
of Arth. xv, With alle dayntethis on dese, thi dietis are di3te.
e555 HarpsriELtp Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 202 Kept in
prison with coarse and thin diet. 1579 Lyty Auphues (Arb.)
129 That the babe be..not fedde with counterfaite dyet.
@ 1682 Sir ‘Tl. Browne Tracts (1684) 17 The Athletick Diet
was of Pulse, 1718 Lapy M. W. Montacu Let. to C’tess
Bristol (1887) I. 241 Herbs or roots (without oil) and plain
dry bread. That is their lenten diet. 1856 Kane Avct.
Expl. I. xiv. 144 ‘Vhe dogs were too much distended by
theirabundant diet to move. 1868 GLADSTONE Yuv. AJundi
v. (1870) 128 Nay, even a change of diet confronts us .. the
ox ceases to be used as food.
b. fig. 1579 Gosson Sch. Abuse (Arb.) 41 Yet are they
[plays] not fit foreuery mansdyet. 1823 Lams £/ia Ser. 1.
Some Sonnets of Sydney, A thin diet of dainty words.
+5. An allowance or provision of food. Oés.
1533 Ord. Hen, VIII in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser.1. 11. 30 We
..commaunde you to alloue dailly from hensforth unto. .the
Lady Lucye..the dyat and fare herafter ensuyng. 1611
Bite Yer. lii. 34 And for his diet, there was a continuall
diet [Coverp. lyuynge] giuen him .. euery day a portion
(Cov. a certayne thinge alowed him]. 1663 Evetyn Diary
20 Aug., It was said it should be the last of the public diets
or tables at Court. 1671 F. Puitiirs Reg. Necess. 370 The
young Lords or Nobility had a constant Table or dyet in
the Court. i
+b. Board. Obs. exc. Hest.
1485 Rolls of Parlt, 293 The said Prince shall sojorne and
be at diettez with the yng. 1596 Suaxs. 1 Hen. JV, 1.
iii. 84 You owe Money here besides, Sir John, for your Dyet.
1602 — //am.1.i. 99 Young Fortinbras .. Hath .. Shark’d
vp a List of Lawlesse Resolutes, For Foode and Diet.
1621-51 Burton Axat. Mel. 1. ii. 11. xv, He shall have ..
ten pound per annum, and his diet. 1645 Evstyn J/em.
(1857) I. 204 Here many of the merchants“. have their lodg-
ing and diet as in a College. 1792 CuirpMan Amer. Law
Ref. (1871) 27 The bond was taken for the prisoner’s .. diet
and to secure the gaoler’s fees. 1878 Simpson Sch, Shaks.
I. 74 The king .. gave him 3,000 ducats more, besides the
daily expenses of his lodging and diet. ie
+6. Allowance for the expenses of living. Ods.
a 1483 Liber Niger in Househ. Ord. 24 This must cause
her comyn diette to be the more for the high estate of her
proper person. 1535 Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 27 Suche like
diettes, rewardes, profites and commodities. . for their attend-
ance vpon the saide Chauncellour, ¢1540 Br. Bonner in
Wyatt's Poems Pref. (1854) 41 If he were a good husband,
the diets of iiij marks would find his house. . after a far other
sort than it is kept. xgsx Sir R. Moryson Lett. to Cecil
Jan. 20 (Recd. Off.) Is my land so increast sins my cummyng
“out..that men do thynke I may serue the Kyng without
my dyettes? 165: Hospes Leviath. u. xxiv, “9 Cannons
DIET.
wealths can endure no diet ; onciing tale expense is not
limited by ther own appetite, but external accidents.
[1885 R. W. Dixon Hist. Ch. Eng. (1893) III. xix. 338 ‘The
Ih of the ambassador, or, as they were , his
diets, were ever unpaid.]
7. Comb., as diet-bag, -list, -money; also diet-
bread, special bread prepared for invalids or per-
sons under dietetic regimen; diet-kitchen (see
uot.) ; +diet-pot, a pot by which to measure
iet-drink ; + diet-wood (see quot.), Also Drer-
BOOK, -DRINK. H artery
1669 W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 162 Heaps of plants
a physicians are ordered to stuff *diet-bags withal.
1617 Coins Def. Bp. Ely u. ix. 357 To feede them with
such dirt for *diet-bread. 1824 Miss Mitrorp Village
Ser. 1. (1863) 223 Drinking her green tea, eating her diet-
bread, begging her gowns. 1880 Wenster Suffi., *Diet-
kitchen, « charitable establishment which provides proper
food for the helpless poor. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. 1. i. 19
A very moderate supply of liquors..made up the “diet-list.
1519 Six T. Boteyn in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. 1. 161 Send
me such *dyett-money as shall best please your Grace. 1551
Sir R. Moryson Lett. to Cecil Jan. 7, I mervayl my dieat
mony cummith not. 1727 A. Hamitton New Acc. E. Ind.
I. vil. 74 Allow them as much Diet money as their own
Soldiers receive. 1612 WoopaLt Surg. Mate Wks. (1653)
23 The *Dyet Pot is not alone to be used in cases of dyet
drink. 1568 Turner /ferdad 11. 34 Guiacum .. Some call it
the “Diet woode because they that kepe a diet for the French
poxe .. most commonly drinke the broth of this woode.
Diet (dai-ét), 54.2 [ad. med.L. diéta in same
senses, or a. F. diéfe in sense 5 (Cotgr. 1611) : cf.
also It. déefa ‘a parliament or generall assembly
of estates’ (Florio, 1598), Sp. deta the (Germanic)
diet.
Med.L. dizta had the various senses ‘day's journey’, ‘day's
work’, ‘day’s wage’, ‘space of a day’, as well as that of
‘assembly, meeting of councillors, diet of the empire’, The
same senses, more or less, are (or have been) expressed by
Ger. tag, and F. journée day. Dvéta has therefore been
viewed as a simple derivative of L. dies day, distinct
from dizta, Gr diatre, Diet sé. 1, But it seems more likely
that one or other of the senses developed from d/vta was
associated with dyes, and led to the application of the word
to other uses arising directly from dics. One of the senses
given by Du Cange is ‘theordinary course of the church’:
this seems naturally transferred from ééa:ta, divta, in the
sense ‘ordinary or prescribed course of life’, which might
be understood to mean ‘daily office’, and so lead to the
use of dié¢a for other daily courses, duties, or occasions.]
+1. A day’s journey; ‘an excursion, a journey’
(Jamieson). Obs. chiefly Sc. (So F. journée.)
[c 1290 eta 1. xxviii, § 13 (Du Cange) Omnis rationabilis
dieta constat ex 20 miliaribus.] ¢ 1440 Gesta Rom. xix. 67
(Harl. MS.) Also how many daies iourneys. .. This terme’or
this dyet, is not ellis but the terme of thi lyfe. | c 1565
Linvesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (1814) 212 Sloe Sum of
the conspiratouris, who hard tell of the kingis dyett, followed
fast to Leith eftir him. 1609 Skene Reg. May. 143 Twa or
thrie gude men of the Gilde sall travell with him for twa
dyets. a165x Catperwooo //ist. Kirk (1678) 248 (Jam.)
The king..prayeth him to waken up all men to attend his
coming .. for his diet would be sooner perhaps than was
looked for.
+2. A day’s work. Sc. Obs. (So F. journée.)
L Ld. Treas. Accts. Scot. 1. 246 Item, to Thome Red
and Jhone of Schipe, for vj diet at the wod, vjs.
3. Sc. A day fixed for a particular meeting or
assembly; an appointed date or time. b. spec.
The day on which a party in a civil or criminal
process is cited to appear in court. More fully
Diet of appearance, compearance. (So OF. journée.)
1568 Satir. Poems Reform. x\vii. 80 Gif he cumis nocht
thair, I wald we tuke, ‘lo keip oure dyet, Maister Dauid
Makgill. 1640-2 Avirkcudbr. War Comm. Min. Bk, (1855)
93 lo compeir befoire the said Committie of Estaites .. and
that to anie day or diet the said Commissares or Collectores
shall pleis to charge thame to. 1692 Witt. IIL. /str. to
Sir T. Livingston 16 Jan. (Highland Pa., Maitl, Cl. 1845)
Those who have not taken the benefit of our indemnit
within the diet prefixt by our proclamation, aret :
Cuampertayne S¢. Gt. Brit. ui, u. vi. (1743) 391 Having
obtained a Dyet, i.e. a set day for his publick trial. 1752
Loutuian Form of Process (ed. 2)9 All the Diets of Court are
peremptory. 1810 Acé x Geo. 111, c. 112 § 27 In actions at
present requiring two diets of appearance inst persons
within Scotland, there shall be only one diet of twenty-seven
days. 1823 Symson Descr. Gallotvay 26 gees A market
for good fat kine [is] kept on the Friday. .this market being
ruled by the dyets of the nolt-market of Wigton.
+e. Date, day of date. Obs,
1588 A. Kine tr. Canisius’ Catech. 9 To raise [=erase] the -
diett off an instrumente.
4. Sc. A session or sitting ofa court or other body
on an appointed day; a single session of any
assembly occupying a day or of one.
1587 Sc. Acts pith Vi asoo} $82 Cate. . before the justice
is deputes at iustice aires, or particular diettes. 1637
Gutesrie Eng. Pop, Cerem. ui. i. 13 At the diets of weekly
ordinary ing. 1643 Row Hist, Kirk (1842) p. xxi,
I attendit many dayes and —— and in end.. a decreit
was gifine thereupon, 1854 Phemie Millar I. 2x He's put
on his Sabbath day claes..and sat out the haill diet. 1854
H. Mitrer Sch. & Schm. iii. (1857) 48, I began to dole out to
them by the hour and the diet, long extempore biographies.
po Age Burgh Sch. Scotl. 1. wv. 147 In the week pre-
ing, the classes shall be tried at two different diets by
examiners appointed by the town Council. a Crocketr
Who met statedly for their diets of worship at
Raiders 25
Springholm.
b. Zo call the diet: to call the ies to an
action in court on the appointed day. 70 desert’
the diet: see DESERT v. 4.
1753 Scots Mag. Sept. The diet was deserted as to
Cameron. Poy Arecty Pod I. 217 Herald, proclaim
the diet, and command The people i
News 28 Dec. 5/4 Outlawry is a sentence
Supreme Criminal Court of Scotland in absence of the
accused at the calling of the diet, that is, the day on which
he is summoned to appear and stand his trial.
5. A meeting by formal appointment for con-
ference or transaction of national or international
business ; a conference, con convention. (In
later use generally influenced by b.) (So OF,
pore
©1450 Hottanp /ow/lat 280 Thai counsall the Pape to
writ in this wyss To the Athile Empriour .. To adress to
that dyet, to deme his awyss. 1471 in Rymer State / s
a7 It is Appointed .. t the Twenty fourth Day of
ptember next comeyng, at the Towne of Alnewyke,
shall be kept a Dyet, by the grete Commissioners of Both
Landes, for Reforming of the said Wrongs and Injuries.
1494 Fasyan Chron. vu. 453 A daye of dyet was atwene
the two kynges [of i, pb France] appoyntyd, /did.
611 After ster was a daye of diot holden bytwene
Grauenynge and Calays, for the —— touchynge the
kynge and the duke of Burgoyne. 1598 Haxtuyt Voy. 1.156
There was demaunded in the first dyet or conuention holden
at Dordract, a recompense at the handes of the sayd English
ambassadors. 1600 Hoiitanp Livy xxxv. xxv. go2 The
Achzans .. published a Diet and generall Counsell at
Sicyone. 1879 Froupe Cesar xiv. 209 A diet of chiefs was
held under Casar’s plese 8
b. sfec. Applied to the regular meeting of the
estates of a realm or confederation ; hence also
collectively to the estates or representatives so
meeting (cf. Concress). The English name (from
end of the 16th c.) of the former Aetchstag of the
(German) Roman Empire, and of the federal or
national assemblies of Switzerland, Poland,
Hungary, etc.; later of the Bundestag of the
Germanic Confederation (1815-66) ; applied also
to the existing Reichstag or Imperial Parliament
of the Austro-Hungarian and German Empires,
and the Landtag or local parliament of their
constituent states, and sometimes to the parlia-
mentary assemblies of other states of Eastern
Europe, of Japan, etc.
1565 IT. Starteton Fortr. Vaith 140a, They haue had
diets and assembles in Germany by the force and procure-
ment of the Catholike Emperours. 1586 T. B. La Primaud.
Fr. Acad. 632 In Switzerland. .if any greate matter fall out
that is common to all the leagues, they hold their generall
councell, called a Journey, or a Diet. 1611 Sreep ///st.
Gt. Brit. 1x. vii. § 48 At an assembly or dyet, where
the greatest Princes and States of the Empire were in
person. 1656 Biount Glossogr., Diet (diata) in Germany
it is the same thing as a Parliament in England, a great
Assembly or Council of the States and Princes of the Empire.
1687 Drvpen //ind & Panther u. 407 Thus would your
Polish Diet disagree, And end, as it began, in anarchy.
1698 Lond. Gaz. No. 3377/2 Several Deputies from the Pala-
tinates in Lithuania ..seem very desirous of a Dyet on
Horseback. 1709 STEELE /atler No. 21 P 19 To assist at
the Diet of the States of Hungary. 1756-7 Keysler’s Trav.
(1760) IV. 422 Possibly a few of the most powerful princes
might find their account in the dissolution of the diet. 1814
tr. Alaproth's Trav. 66 The Poles assembled at the diet
held, in 1573 for the election of a new sovereign. 18
Penny Cycl. X1. 192/2 The three colleges formed the diet
of the empire, whose ordinary meetings were formerly
summoned by the emperors twice a year. /bid. 191/1 ‘The
central point and organ of the present Germanic Con-
federation is the Federative Diet, which sits at Frankfort
onthe Main. 1838 Murray's Handbk. N. Germ. 446 The
Diet meets to deliberate .. in the building, formerly the
palace of the Prince of Thurn and Taxis. 1849 Macautay
Hist. Eng. 1, 261 The meeting at Oxford resembled rather
that of a Polish diet than that of an English parliament.
ay Outi. Mod. Geog. 68 Frankfirt-on-the-Main, formerly
a free city and seat of the Germanic Diet. 1895 7¥mes
(Weekl ka) 29 Mar. 1/4 The Japanese Diet was closed
on Wednesday. /did. 2/4 The Lower House of the Prussian
Diet. .authorized its President to convey its congratulations
to Prince Bismarck. /éid. There is .. no intention of dis-
solving the Imperial Diet.
6. ‘The metal scraped or cut from gold and silver
plate assayed day by day at the Mint, and retained
for the purpose of trial.
1700-1 Niet 12-13 Will. /1T, c. 4 § 4 It shall, .be lawfull to
detain Eight Grains only from eve: ‘Troy of Silver
he shall assay, Four Grains whereof shall be put into the
he Disraielieeds Wicioes shah bn eyed peas ienpen
the Diet of all such Plate as s\ t t 88a)
aforesaid shall be locked up with Three different to ag
And the said Diet therein contained shall be tryed as the Pix
of the Coin of this Kingdom is tryed. Act 13 Geo, 1/1,
c. 52§6. 1883 Ronerts & Hittin Encycl. Brit. (ed.o) XVI.
491/2 Another operation. .performed in the mint is the assay
b the ‘ diet’ or metal seraped from the gold and silver plate
manufactured at Sheffield and Birmingham, . 1889 19// Xep.
Deputy-Master of Mint 53 These diets, pane scrap-
ings from gold and silver wares which have been hall-marked
“at the Assay offices.
b. attrib. as diet-box.
1835 P. Krity Univ. Cambist i. (ed. 2) 219 The cuttings
and scrapings of the articles assayed. .are kept in what is
called the Diet-box, in order to be melted into a mass and
proved like the Pix, before the proper officers.
Diet, v. Forms: 4 dizete, § diete, dyatt,
5-7 dyet, 6 diate, 7 dyat, diett, diot, 5~ diet.
{a. OF. diete-r to feed, order the diet of (Godef.), f.
_ diete Die sb.1: cf. med.L. dix#tare to live accord-
ing to a certain plan (@1087 in Du Cange), f.
dixta.)
DIETAL.
I. “vans.
1. To feed, es. in a particular way, or with speci-
piercer mel to’ pat'tm slereon’ t's Spaced
1655
Im, . (1746) 69 He that taught Abel how to diet Sheep.
Mirton P. L. 1x. 803 Di thee I mature
In knowledge as the Gods who al! hinge eae 1742
Fieoinc ¥. Andrews u. xvii, He diets them with all the
dainty food of holiness. 1860 Emerson Cond. Life, Consid.
Wks. (Bohn) II. 425 It makes no difference, in looking back
A ee are ee ae .
+b. oo cated of the food). Ods.
1638 Six T. Hervert Trav. (ed. 2) 17 Dead Whales, Seales,
ae grease or raw Puddings diet them.
Cc. fig.
1602 Warner A/d. Eng. Epit. (1612) 375 Only his golden
thoughts would not Pap ag tte D witha Diademe.
1611 SHaks. Cymd. ut. iv. 183 Thou art all the comfort
The Gods will diet me with. 1670 Eacnanrp Cont. Clergy 6
You diet him with nothing but with rules and exceptions.
1816 Coteripce Lay Serm. 327 That vast com --whose
seer and — t i neg ag blic poe! FER of
iterature, the circulating li i the periodical press.
2. To fix, be, or regulate the food of (a
person, etc.) in nature or guantity, for a purpose.
@. spec. as a regimen of health.
— Lanfranc's Cirurg. 213, 1 dietide him as a man
pat hadde a fever agu. 1533 Betrenpen Livy v. (1822)
400 Eftir that the sick man has sifferit himself to be
diet fra _metis and drinkis. Suaks. Com. Err. v. i.
99, I will attend my husband, be his nurse, Diet his sick-
nesse, 1641 Mitton Animadv. (1851) 188 You are not
dieted, nor your loynes girt for spirit valour. 1768 Foote
Devil on 2 Sticks us. Wks. 1799 11. 275 Full power. .to pill
-- diet .. and poultice all persons. 1 R. A. VauGHan
in Brit. Q. Rey. May 312 Goethe .. having dieted himself
for hard work, was busy at Weimar with his ‘ Faust’,
Jig. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. t.1xxi. (1739) 188 These
must be purged by dieting the State. 1 ficasamosts.
Priest-cr. u. iv. 44 The Archbishopric of York and .. the
Bishopric of Ely (being both of them thought needlessly gross)
-. were dieted, some say, pinch’d and impaired too much.
b. as a punishment, etc. :
1530 Tinpate Pract. Prelates Wks. (Parker Soc.) II. 348
After they had dieted and tormented him. 1712 Appison
Spect. No. 440 ? 6 The President immediately ordered him
to be .. dieted with Water-gruel, till such time as he should
be sufficient! kened for vi i 1862 Burton
Bk. Hunter (1863) 12 The simple privilege of locking him
up, dieting him [etc.].
3. fig. To order, regulate. Obs. rare.
1576 Wootton Chr. Manual (Parker Soc.) 125 In dieting
all our words and works to his honour and glory.
4. To ——- with daily meals ; to board.
1635 J. Sapter in Verney Papers (1853) 160 His men maye
.-be taken of his hande and dyated for theyre worke fort
first yeare. a 1661 Futter Worthies (1840) 11. 362 Tower
pames were _ peosegh ir penta “ the ins’
charges. 41713 E_twoop A wtobiog. (1714) 235, 1. .was diet
in the House ta Friendly Man. Ace Werbasetat rir
bbe — cotecen yp Mery tens a
Eng. Gazetteer (ed. 2) s.v. Thingdan, A charity-school for
20 girls, who are cloathed, lodged, dieted.
. intr.
5. To take one’s ordinary food, or meals; to
feed (on).
1566 Drant Horace Sat. iii. Div, Haste thou a frende
that dyets harde? 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa 1. 23 Where
the Canons live togither, they go each man to diet at his
owne house. 1647 Futter Good Th. in Worse 7. (1841) 118
At what ord , or nary do they diet?
Nortn Lives I. 1
inarily dieted in the ‘
Pr. wu, xv. (1845) 150 Those four-and-twenty young
dieted all (eg wih the Lord Abbot. +
b. To board (with a person, at, ina house, etc.).
1s8r L. Acpersey in yt Voy. (1589) 181 There we
Morvyson /#in. 1. 111, i. 205
lay and dieted of free cost. 1617
They were to diet at the Carriers . 1656 J. Hammond
Leah & R. (1844) 15 To dyet and in another mans
house. norrssy Diary I. 411 We lodged and
—_ bse im at Mr. Lemans. od aad Woheed le the
eg. 3 young man .. wi iet
ra. 00 6 hended on suspici
ppre picion,
6. To regulate oneself as to diet ; to eat according
to bed rules, i.e. as to the kind of food, the
quantity and time of eating, and the like.
1660 Stance //ist. Philos, 1x. (1701) wel? He first bor aed
Wrestlers .. to diet with flesh. x ESLEY Acct, Si
5 diet thus : sap penn | “ and Water-
gruel, by Turns. St Mag. V1. 215/1 She dieted
S caredalty an if che been a dyspeptic in ruins.
aan Di'eted ffl. a, subjected to a regimen
360g Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. ii. § 3 There will bee
vse of .. Phisicke in a sound or well dieted bodie. 3635
Mourer & Bennet Health's Impr. (1746) 75 Idle H .
have made these addle Proverbs; 1. Dieted ies are
Bridges to Physicians Minds.
Dietal (daiztal), 2. [f. med.L, di#ta Diet sd,”
+ -AL.] Of or bel to a diet. ;
Lowe Bismarck 11. B. Until the ing in
cooanan ths at Dictal de *, this port {ial to
be made use of by the ships of war of both Powers,
DIETARIAN.
Dietarian (daiétériin), a. and sd. vare-°. |
[f. as next +-an.] (See quot.)
1880 WessteR Sufpl., Dietarian, one who lives in ac-
cordance with prescribed rules for diet; dieter.
Die (dairétari), sb. and a. Also 5 diatorie.
[ad. L. déetdrd us, in med.L. diétdri-us adj. and
sb., also dzé/arium sb., in various applications, f.
L. diwta, dita: see Diet sd,1 and *, and -ary.]
A. 5b.
1. A course of diet prescribed or marked out ;
a book or treatise prescribing such a course.
c1430 A Diatorie in Babees Bk. (1868) 54 To be rulid
bi pis diatorie do pi diligence, For it techip good diete
& good gouernaunce. 1542 Boorpe (¢é¢/e), A Compendyous
Regyment or a Dyetary of Helth. — (1870) 221 Here
foloweth the dyetary or the regyment of helth. 1570 Levins
Manip. 104/1 A Dietarie, dietarium. 1860-1 FLo. Nicut-
INGALE Nursing 52 Careful observation of the sick is the
only clue to the best dietary.
Jig. 1879 G. Merevitn /goist iv. (1889) 26 Patience .. is
a composing but a lean Dietary.
2. An allowance and regulation of food, as for
the inmates of a hospital, workhouse, or prison.
1838 Dickens O. Twist ii, Do I understand that he asked
for more, after he had eaten the supperallotted by the dietary?
1861 WynTER Soc. Bees 202 It is clear, then, that the pre-
valent sea-dietary is a degrading dietary; it is deficient in
the albumen, the soluble phosphates .. necessary to sustain
vigorous life. 1884 Daily News 19 Dec. 3/3 The introduction
of fish dinners into the workhouse dietaries appears .. to
have been eminently successful. :
B. aaj. Of or pertaining to diet, of the nature of
adiet. b. Of or belonging to a dietary.
1614 W. B. Philosopher's Banquet (ed. 2) 19 There are
dietary times and hours. 1655 Mourer & Bennet Health's
Improv. (1746) 71 Albeit there lived no dietary Physicians
before the Flood. 1844 Disraett Coningsby in. iii, Lord
Henry would not listen to statistics, dietary tables. 1863
Hawtuorne Our Old Home (1879) 208 The ancient fishing-
nds .. of vast dietary importance to the family. 1889
Fran in Times 9 Mar, 16/1 Dietary punishment. inflicted
or breaches of prison discipline.
Diet-book. [f. Dier sé.1 and 2.]
+1. A journal or diary. Ods.
1624 pe poe Christian Brother 25 (Jam.) It is a diet-
booke, wherein the sinnes of everie day are written.
2. A book in which a course of diet is laid down.
im Wirtie tr. Primrose’s Pop. Err. i. 139 Lessius. .in
his Eloquent Diet-booke, hath so erdeavoured to mete out
every mans course of Diet, that he would have twelve
ounces to be a sufficient quantitie of meat for any man.
‘Di-et-drink. [f. Drier 5.1+ Duinx.] A drink
prescribed and prepared for medicinal purposes.
1600 Rowtanps Let. Humours Blood vi. 76 We gaue the
BreWers Diet-drinke a wipe. 160x Hottanp Pliny II. 317
As for the diet drink made of cow milk .. I have written
already in my treatise of herbs, 1693 Otiver in Phil.
Trans. XVII. 909 A pleasant .. soft Water .. which the
Country People use in Fevers as their ordinary Diet-drink.
1744 BERKELEY Sivis § 9 The leaves and tender tops of pine
and fir are .. used for diet drinks, 1844-57 G. Birp Urin.
Deposits 455 The host of apozems, diuretic decoctions, and
diet-drinks, in which renal stimulants abound. 1854-67
C. A. Harris Dict. Med. Terminol. 214 Diet Drink,
a decoction of sarsaparilla and mezereon. ‘The Lisbon diet
drink, or compound decoction of sarsaparilla, which it re-
sembles, is the most celebrated.
Dieter. [f. Dizr v.+-er1.] now rare. a.
One who regulates the diet of himself or others.
+b. A feeder. Ods.
1577 B. Goocre Heresbach’s Husb. 11. (1586) 122 The best
dyeter of horses, that ever I knewe in England. 1603 H.
Crosse Vertue’s Commu. (1878) 147 He that feedeth but of
one dish, liueth longer .. then those accidentall dieters ..
that glutte themselues with euerie kinde artificially com-
pounded r61r SuHaks. Cymé. ty. ii. 5t As Iuno had bin
sicke, And he her Dieter. 1617 Marknam Cava. ut. 25 In
his daies of rest .. let him be his own dieter.
Dietetic (daijéte'tik), a. and sd. Also 6 dia-,
7-8 diw-. [ad. L. dtxtétic-us, a. Gr. diauTnTuKds Of
or for diet, f. Siar7a Diet sd.1; in F. didtétigue.]
A. adj. Of or pertaining to diet, or to the regu-
lation of the kind and quantity of food to be eaten,
especially as a branch of medical science.
579 i % [ss Preserv, Bodie & Soule 1. xxxiii. 64 Tutors
ought to haue the knowledge of the Diatetike part of Phi-
sicke. 1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. xvi. 562 A diztetick
regiment extends to divers things. 1799 W. Tooke View
Russian Emp. 11.282 Not so salutary and dietetic is the
command which enjoins abstinence from all manner of food.
1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. a, pete (ed. 3) 180 The dietetic
treatment of disease is destined to be the great work of the
future. ig! McCartny Linley Rochford ix. (1878) 90,
I think .. I would rather dine with a gourmand than with
a dietetic reformer. ;
B. sé. {In sense 1, repr. L. diwtéticus, the adj.
used abs. ; in 2 repr. Gr. % ScartnTuKh (sc. Téxvy) the
dietetic art, in mod.L. déwtética, F. diététique (Paré
16th c.): see -1cs.]
1. One who studies dietetics.
1759 B. Srituincri. tr. Linnzus on Travelling Misc.
Tracts (1762) 23 The curious diztetic, whose business it is
to inquire into the various ways of living.
2. Dietetics, less usually dietetic : The part of
medicine which relates to the regulation of diet.
1541 R. CopLanp Galyen's Terap. 2 Ajb, The parties of
the art of Medycyne (yt is to wyt dyetityke, pharmacentyke,
and cyrurgery)..can not be seperated one fro the other.
BS ore liad III. 208 ‘Celsus says expressly that the
diztetic was long after invented. 1799 European Mag.
339
247 Dietetics..comprise the doctrine of health. 1875 JoweTr
Plato (ed. 2) I11. 283 He must go through a course of
dietetics. 1881 Med, Temp. ¥rnl. XLIX. 23 The former is
a question of dietetics, the latter of therapeutics.
+ Diete‘tical, 2. Ods. [f. as prec. + -aL.]
Of or pertaining to dietetics ; = D1ETETIC a.
1620 VeENNER 7a Recta (1650) 295 Divers necessary Die-
teticall observations. 1646 Sir ‘Tl. Browne Pseud. Ep. 1.x.
41 Caracalla .. received no other counsell then to refraine
cold drinke, which was but a dieteticall caution. 1802
T. Bepvors //ygé7a I. 48 Many generally received maxims,
medical and diztetical. 1822 Lams £za Ser. 1. Chinney-
Sweepers, Palates.,not uninstructed in dietetical elegancies.
Diete'tically, adv. [f. prec. + -1y~.] In
the way of diet or dietetics.
@ 1846 NV. Amer, Rev. cited in Worcester. 1852 Fraser's
Mag. XLVI. 96 Fish were formerly much used in medicine
as well as dietetically.
Dietetics, 2. p/.: see Dirretic sé.
Diete'tist. vare—". [f. Dierer-ic + -187.]
‘A term applied to one who treats disease by a
systematic course of diet.’ Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883.
@ 1846 in DuNGLison (Worc.).
Diethene- (doije"pin). Chem. [See Di-2.] Com-
bined with two equivalents of Ethene (C, Hy), as
diethene-diamine. ence Diethe‘nic a., as in
diethenic alcohol (Cy Hy)y Hy Os.
1873 Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 11) 621 The first products of this
reaction are diethenic alcohol..and water. 1877 Watts
Ibid. (ed. 12) II. 172, 224.
Diethyl (deije'pil). Chem. [f. Di-2 + Evnyt. J
1. as sb. A name for the group Cy, (betyl hy-
dride or butane), considered as a double molecule
of the radical ethyl.
1877 Watts Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 12) 11. 47 Normal Butane,
Diethyl, or Methyl-propy], occurs in natural petroleum, and
in the distillation-products of Cannel and Boghead coal.
2. in Comb. Denoting two equivalents of the
, ng Ur’
monad radical ethyl (C, H,), replacing two atoms
of hydrogen in a compound, as dethylami:ne
NH(C, H;)., dethyl carbinol COH - H - (Cy H;)s.
_ 1850 Dauseny Atom. Th. vili. (ed. 2) 241 Diethylamine,
in which 2 atoms of hydrogen are replaced by 2 of ethyle.
1869 Roscor Elem. Chem. (1874) 330 A hydrocarbon called
diethyl or butyl hydride. /é@. 350 Acetal is isomeric with
diethyl glycol. 1877 Warts /ownes’ Chem. (ed. 12) IL. 218
Diethylamine behaves with cyanic acid like ammonia and
ethylamine, giving rise to diethyl-urea, CH2 (C2H;)2 N20.
1880 Boston Fril. Chem. Dec. 137/2 The monethyl and
diethyl! phosphines have been prepared.
Dietic (dsijetik), a and sd. [f. Dir 50.1 +
-Ic: cf. med.L. déétices keeping a daily course.]
A. adj. Of or pertaining to diet ;= Dieretic a.
1716 M. Davirs A then. Brit. U1. Diss. Physick 39 Whence
came the Dietick and Gymnastick Physick. /d2/. 52 ‘This
regular Diztick Branch of the most natural kind of Physick.
1775 Sir E. Barry Observ. Mines 356 Vhe best dietic rules
for preserving health, 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dietic diseases.
diseases caused by inattention to wholesome rules of diet.
+ B. sd. A dietetic article or application. Ods.
1659 GauDEN Jars Church 397 If it be not drawn away
by .. gentle dieticks or healing applications. — Séigh¢
Healers of Public Hurts (1660) 28.
Die‘tical, z. [f. as prec. +-a1.]
+1. = Dietetic, Diererican. Ods.
1634 R. H. Salernes Regim. Pref. 3 Some violent Disease,
which they might happily have prevented by Dieticall Ob-
servations. 1640 Ferranp Love Melancholy 237 (T.) The
three fountains of physick, namely, dietical, ahirurgical
and pharmaceutical. 1657 G. Starkey Helmont’s Vind.
Ep. to Rdr., I .. oppose your Diaeticall prescriptions.
+2. [after med.L.: see Dizryc.] Ods.
1656 Biount Glossogr., Dietical (dieticus), keeping from
dey to day, regular.
. (f. Dier sé.2] Pertaining to the Germanic Diet.
1854 Tait’s Mag. XXI. 451 The Lichtenstein, sovereign
and subject at once ; octopartite possessor of a vote dietical.
Dietie, obs. form of Driry.
Dietine (doiétin). [a. F. didtine lit. ‘little
diet’, spec. the Polish provincial diet, f. diéte Die
sb.2; see -INE.] A subordinate diet; in Polish
Hist., a provincial diet which elected deputies for
the national diet ; called in Polish sejmih.
1669 Lond. Gaz. No. 412/1 The King has given Power to
the ietine [Jrinted -ive] of Cracovie to Assemble them-
selves within 4 Leagues of this place. 1753 Scots Mag.
Jan. 3/1 The nuncios of a general diet of Poland were
chosen in August last, when disputes ran ver: high in
some dietines. 1773 Gent. ‘Mag. XLII1. 245 The dietine
of Lenczy was still more unruly, for there more than thirty
of the Members were cut to pieces. 1800 W. Tayior
in Monthly Mag. VIII. 599 This order is governed by a
descending oligarchy, the over-ruling synod or diet deputing
assessors to the subdrdinate synods or dietines. 1887 Lecky
Eng. in 18th C. V. xx. 545 Ali the Dietines ratified the new
Constitution.
Dieting (deiétin), vd7. sd. [f. Dier v. + -Inc1.]
The action of the verb Dirt: a. Subjection to a
diet or regimen. b. Taking of daily food, feeding
(vare). +. concr. Food (obs.).
¢ 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 61 Norissche hym with dyet-
ynge pat fattyth hym. /ézd. 72 Of dietynge of men pat Sen
wounded. 1599 T. M[ourer] Sidkwormes 74 The dieting
of these my spinning bands. 164: Mitton CA. Govt. 1. 1,
Those maiden dietings and set prescriptions of baths and
odours. ¢1819 SHELLEY in Dowden Life II, 256 How deli-
cate the imagination becomes by dieting with antiquity day
after day.
DIFFER.
Dietist (doiétist). [f. Dirr sd.1 + -1s7.] One
who professes or practises dietetics or some theory
of diet.
1607 WALKINGTON Of/. Glass 16 Reasonable appetite,
the Cynosura of the wiser dietist. 1655 Mourer & BENNET
Health's Improv. (1746) 227 Not lately devised by our
Country Pudding-wrights, or curious Sauce-makers, as ..
foolish Dietists have imagined. 1842 F. Pacer A/i/f Malu.
181 Mr. Clemmalive .. an inexorable dietist on the water-
gruel system at the Union work-house.
Dietitian. rare. [prop. dieticéan, f. Diz 50.1,
after physician, politiczan, etc.] = prec.
1846 WorcestER, Diefitian, one skilled in diet ; a dietist,
Qu. Rev.
Dietrichite (d7trikoit). A/. [Named 1878
after Dietrich, a German chemist.] A fibrous alum
containing zinc and other bases.
1882 Dana Alin, App. iii. 38.
Diety, obs. form of Derry.
+ Dieugard(e. Ols. Also 5 dugarde, 5-6 Sc.
dewgar(d, 7 due gard. [French (in full Deez
vous garde, in OF. dieu vous gard), ‘God keep
(you) !’] The salutation ‘God preserve you!’; a
polite or formal salutation ; a spoken salutation or
word of recognition, as contrasted with a mere
“beck? or nod.
€1380 Antecrist in Todd 3 Treat. Wyctif (1851) 149 Ne
wip beckus ne wip dugardes as ypocritis usen. ¢ 1470
Henry Wallace vi. 132 He salust thaim, as it war bot
in scorn; ‘Dewgar, gud day, bone Sen3hour, and gud
morn!’ 1865 JewEL Def. Afol. (1611) 172 In the end you
conclude, A becke is as good as a Dieugard. 1568 H.
Cuarteris Pref. to Lyndesay’s Warkis ij b, He cummis
to the King, and efter greit dewgard & salutationis, he
makts him as thocht he war [etc.]. 1598 FLorio Epist.
Ded., So in your studies to attend, as your least becke may
be his dieugarde. 1600 J. Mevviti Diary (1842) 263 ‘Vhe
cheiff commanders mak sic dewgard and curtessie. 1605
Cuarman Adl Fooles Plays 1873 1. 168 Vheir winckes, their
beckes, due gard, their treads a’ the toe. @ 1656 Br. Hau
Wks. 1X. 278 (D.) His master Harding could not produce
-. any vow anciently required or undertaken, whether by
beck or Dieu-gard.
Dieve, obs. (? dial.) form of Dive vz.
Dieve, erron. form of DEAVE v. to deafen.
Diew, obs. form of Dur.
Die-wise, -work: see Dir sd.1
Dif-, prefix of L. origin, being the assimilated
form of dts- before f, as in dif-ferre, dif-fisio. In
Romanic it became def-, which in OF. was subse-
quently reduced to de-; this occasionally appears
in Eng., as defer from L. differre, OF. defferer,
mod... déférer, defy from L. type diffidure, It.
diffidare, disfidare, OV. desf-, deff, defer, mod.¥.
défier. Usually, however, the Latin form of the
prefix is used in Eng.: cf. differ, difficult, diffidence,
diffuse. Yor its force, see Dis-; it is not, like the
latter, a living suffix.
Difalt, Difame, Difence: see Drr-.
Diffame, -famation, ectc., etymol. form of
DEFAME, -FAMATION, etc., generally obsolete, but
still occasionally used.
1894 R. Bripces ‘east of Bacchus w. 1263 Diffame my
own daughter. ;
Diffarreation (diferdz'fon). Rom. Antig.
[ad. L. diffareation-em, f. Dir- + farreum a spelt-
cake: see CONFARREATION.] An ancient Roman
mode of dissolution of marriage, the undoing of
the ceremony of confarreation.
1623 Cockrram, Diffarreation, a sacrifice done betwixt
a man and his wife at a diuorcement. 1727-51 CHAMBERS
Cyct. s. v., Diffarreation was properly the dissolving of mar-
riages contracted by confarreation, which were those of the
pontifices. Festus says it was performed with a wheaten cake.
Diffaute, Diffeature, Diffence, -ens(e, dif-
fend(e, etc.: see DEr-.
Differ (di-fo1), v. Also 6 dyffer (defer), 6-7
differre. [a. F. diférer(in Froissart 14th c.), ad. L.
differ-re to carry or bear apart, spread abroad, dis-
tract, protract, delay, defer ; also zz¢r. to tend apart
or diversely in nature or character, to differ. The
verb was used with both senses in F. in 14th c., and
has continued to be so used till the present day. In
English, it was taken first in the transitive sense,
with stress diffe'r (cf. confer, refer, prefer), which
led at length to the transitive senses being written
defer; see DEFER Z.!; the intrans. use, being closely
related in sense to different, difference, apparently
followed these words in stressing the first syllable.
(Offer, suffer, which have the same stress, have a
distinct form in French and Romanic.) And one
transitive use, closely associated with the intrans.,
and with diferent, difference, has gone with these.
In this way L. differre, F. différer, ME. diffe'rre,
has been split into the two verbs defer to put off, and
differ to make or be unlike. The pr. pple. dzfer-
ing occurs in Chaucer’s Boethius ; but instances of
the verb in the form differ are rare before 1500.]
1. The earlier form of Derer v.1 in all senses.]
. trans. To put apart or separate from each
other in qualities; to make unlike, dissimilar,
43* —2
different, or distinct ; to cause to vary; to distin-
guish, differentiate. Now unusual. :
a Alexander 4223 Zour manars fra all othire mens
so ill ere deffirrid. see Laws Aceon ne
This is not vnlike the other Crosse. The pyke which it
hath to pitch into Wt ages —_ ong 5 1603
Don Fud. v Soean tum
the kind. Eant Maxcu. Al Mondo
*0 t
Sm C.
.. differ the whole .
(1636) 120 Why is the winter hard the | Pp
than to the Ant? Prudencie in one, and im ncie in
the other differs them. R. Rosinson Christ all 44
Garments .. differ one sex from another. 1713 J. Petiver
in Phil. Trans. XXVIII. 213 Its g ves and
pale Flowers, differ it from the yellow Split. 1818 Cruise
Digest (ed. 2) 1V. 510 That differed it from the cases
wherein the Court had gone some lengths. 1867 BusHneLe
Mor, Uses Dark Th. Fd All which differs the landscape
in beauty from mere wild forest.
+b. Her. To distinguish by the addition of a
DIFFERENCE. Obs.
1586 Ferne Blaz. Gentrie 98 Til then it was permissiue
for eche brother to differ his coat after his fancye.
3. intr. To have contrary or diverse bearings,
tendencies, or qualities ; to be not the same; to be
unlike, distinct, or various, in nature, form, or quali-
ties, or in some specified respect: two (or more)
things are said to differ (absolutely, or from each
other), one thing differs from another.
1374 [see Dirrerinc Af/. a. 1]. a 1400-50 Alexander 4617
Bot we pat. .has a fre will Differris as in oure fraunches fere
fra 30ure kynde. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 234
‘This differeth from that other, as. .the rose differeth from the
budde. 1526-34 TInDALE 1 Cor. xv. 41 One starre differth
from another in glory. a1s68 AscHam Scholem. u. (Arb.)
139 These differre one from an other. 1570 Levins Manip.
77[29 To Defer, differre, discrepare. 1600 Suaxs. A. Y. ¢
1.1. 10 Call you that keeping for a gentleman of my birth,
that differs not from the stalling of an Oxe? 1651 Hopses
Leviath. 1. xv. 79 The same man, in divers times, differs
from himselfe. 16! Tempte Misc., Pop. Discontents
Wks. 1720 I, 270 "Tis hard to find any point wherein they
differ. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. /ist. (1776) 111. 324 It (the fox]
. differs still more from the dog in its strong offensive smell.
1823 H. J. Brooke /n/rod. Crystallogr. 98 Which individual
forms .. will be found to differ from each other in the mea-
surement of some of their angles. 1847 HeLps Friends in
C. (1851) 1. 28 Even the leaves of the same tree are said to
differ, each one from all the rest. 1859-74 TENNyson Merlin
§ !ivien 812 Men at most differ as Heaven and earth, But
women, worst and best, as Heaven and Hell. 1875 Jowett
Plato ed. 2) 1V. 32 Man is not man in that he resembles
[brutes], but in that he differs from them.
4. intr. To be at variance; to hold different
opinions concerning any matter; to disagree. Const.
with ; also from (esp. when followed by zx, as in
quot. 1843).
1563 Winz3er Four Scoir Thre Quest. Wks. 1888 1. 135
Sen 3c .. differris fra ws .. tweching the said day of the
moneth, 1647 CLARENDON //ist. A’ed, 111. (1843) 79/1 A lati-
tude that honest and wise men may safely and profitably
differ [in]. 1653 WaLton Angler il. 42 The question has
been debated among many great Clerks, and they seem to
differ about it. 1716 Appison Freeholder (J.), To irritate
those who differ with you in their sentiments. 1735-8
BotinGproke On Parties 81 To think They [the Tore}. :
had only differ'd with the Whigs about the Degree of Op-
pression .. in order to sanctify Resistance. 1749 FIELDING
Tom Fones 1. v, Many people differed from Square and
Thwackum, in judging [etc.]. 1791 Burke Corr. (1844) 111.
351, I can never for a moment differ from you and your
brother in sentiment. 1809 W. Girrorp in Smiles Mem.
Fohn Murray \. 158, | differ with him totally. 1833 J. H.
Newman Lef¢t, (1891) I. 466 To unite with those who differ
with us. 1843 /ééd. II. 430 She may .. differ from me in
opinion. 1869 Sir J. ‘I. Coceripce Alem. Keble (ed. 2) 186,
1 differed with him in the conclusion he drew. 1885 Law
Rep. 10 App. Cases 379 The appellant and respondents differ
as to when the gate was erected.
i b. To express or give vent to disagreement or
difference of opinion ; to dispute; to have a differ-
ence, to quarrel (wth). Obs.
1625 Bacon Ess., Unity in Relig. (Arb.) 429 A man. .shall
sometimes heare Ignorant Men differ, and know well. .that
those which so differ, meane one thing. 1709 HEARNE
Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) 11. 245 As they went out of Town
they happen’d to differ. a1718 Rowe (J.), Here uncon-
troll'd you may in judgment sit; We'll never differ with
a crowded pit. 1737 Bracken Farriery Impr. (1757) UL. 118
As to his Size, I would have him full Fifteen Hands, nay,
I would not differ for his being Sixteen, provided he was
strong in proportion. :
c. trans. To cause disagreement between; to
set at variance. Sc.
1814 Sa.on § Gael 1. 79 (Jam.) If Maister Angis and her
oak & up, l’se ne’er be ihe man to differ them, ac
Differ, sd. Sc. and dia/. [f. Dirrer v.] = Dir-
FERENCE 50.
1627 P. Forses Eudbulus
27 P. i (Jam.) No such material points
are in differ betwixt ys. Declar, Tumults Sc. 340 The
generall assembly .. would remove any doubt and differ
which might arise. 1786 Burns Addr, to Unco Guid iii,
Cast a moment's fair regard, What maks the mighty differ.
1842 S. Lover Handy Andy ix, But I'll pay "9 the differ
out of my wage. 1873 Lowett Leé?. (1894) II. 94 So far as
I understood your ‘ ’ with your electors I thought you
were right. 1893 Stevenson Catriona 94 Either come to
an agreement, or come to a differ.
Differ, obs. form of Derer v.! and 2.
Difference (di-féréns), sd. Also 4 differense,
4-6 differens, defference, 5 deference, 5-6 dyf-
ference, -ens, 6 differance, diffrence, diference.
[a. F. différence, OF. also -ance (12th c. in Hatz.-
340 :
Darm.), ad. L. differentia, abstr. sb. f. different-em :
see DIFFERENT and -ENCE.
824
Macautay Athenian Orators Misc. Writ. 1860 1. 135 If he
miss the mark, it makes no difference whether he have
taken aim too high or too low. 1844 Emerson Lect. Yung.
Amer. Wks. (Bohn) II. 298 Difference of opinion is the one
crime which kings never forgive. ENNYSON Princ,
vit. 162 Not like to like, but like in difference. 185 Rus-
Kin Mod. Paint. 1. Pref. to ed. 2. 15 Not so much by
the resemblance of his works to what has Leen done before,
as by their difference from it.
+ Various obs. and archaic constructions.
1526 Tinpace Doctr. Treat, (1848) 389 Note the difference
of the law and of the gospel. 1557 fps Gueuara’s Diall
Pr. 150a/2 There is a greate diieiacs to teache the chyl-
dren of Prynces, and to teache the chyldren of the pho 9
bid. 210 b/1 There is great difference from the cares and
sorowes of women, to that of men. x H. M. tr. Collog.
Erasmus 354 There is also another difference of divine and
humane laws. 1778 Miss Burney £vedina lii, Let me
observe the difference of his behaviour ..to that of Sir
Clement Willoughby. 1792 £/vina I. 6 The difference with
us is most striking. 1820 WHewe t in Life (1881) 61 Some
idea of the difference of French and English manners.
b. (with a and Z/.) A particular instance of un-
likeness; a point in which things differ.
1393 Gower Conf. III. 20 There is non evidence, Wherof
to knowe a difference Betwene the drunken and the wode.
¢ 1430 Lyve. Mix. Poems 23 |Mitz.) A difference betwix day
and night, 1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 787
There is not betwene a Marchant and his mayde so great
a difference as betwene a king and his subject. 1688 Vox
Cleri Pro Rege 47 It_ seems his Power is absolute, but, not
arbitrary, which is, like a Dear-Joy's Witticism, a distinc-
tion without a difference. 1847 Tennyson Princ. v.173 You
clash them all in one, That have as many differerices as we.
1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. (1858) 1. i.15 While the differences
of social degree were enormous, the differences in habits of
life were comparatively slight. mah Jovant Plato (ed. 2)
IV. 243 There is a great difference between reasoning and
disputation. ;
2. A/ath. The quantity by which one quantity
differs from another; the remainder left after sub-
tracting one quantity from another. b. spec. The
increment produced in a function of a variable by
increasing the variable by unity.
AScENSIONAL DescENSIONAL difference: see these words.
©1391 Cuaucer AstroZ. u. § 43 The diffleJrense be-twen 1
and 2..is 1. 1559 W. CuNnNnincHAM Cosmogr. Glasse 103
Subtract the lesser time, from oute of the greater, and the
difference turn into degr and mi. of the Equinoctial.
1593 Favre Dialling 19 Which you shall find least subtract
that from the greater, and that which remaineth keep, (for
it shall be called the difference kept). 1719 De For Crusoe
1. xvi, (1858) 204 The difference of that price was by no means
worth saving. 1774 M. Mackenzie Maritime Surv. iii. 13
The greater the Difference of Latitude of the two Places is.
1807 J. Brinkvey (¢/t/e), An Investigation of the General
Term of an important Series in the Inverse Method of Finite
Differences. 182x J. Q. Apams in C. Davies Metr. Syst.
ut. (1871) 115 The difference between them was but of about
half an ounce. 1827 Hutron Course Math, I. 12 note, If
the difference of two numbers be added to the less, it must
manifestly make up a sum equal to the greater. Penny
Cyct. VILL. 487s. v. Difference, It is a very wide bianch of
pure mathematics which must be considered under this
term, namely, the method or calculus of differences. /did.
488 The symbol [A*a] is called the x difference of a.
¢. sfec. The amount of increase or decrease in
the price of stocks or shares between certain dates ;
in phrase fo pay (etc.) the difference.
1787 Mrs. Centiivare Bold St for Wife w. i, Hark
Gabriel, you'll pay the difference of that stock we transact
for Vother day. 1814 Stock Exchange Laid Open 11 Every
man must either take, deliver, or pay his difference.
Pail Mail G. 31 Mar. 8/2 He had paid all his ‘differences
—— to his departure. 1887 Daily News 12 Oct. 2/2
‘he differences to be met and liquidated are enormous.
1778 Pirr Sf. (« I. 85 The common when
aa yi eek! "es phrase called ‘to
split the difference’. Generous Attachment 1, 213 My
bate, something of what is rly called ‘splitting the
difference’, 1885 Pall Mall G. 9 June 3/1 A Cabinet of
Compromise is ity a Cabinet of Split the Differ-
ence,
3. A diversity or disagreement of opinion, senti-
ment or aera: 8 ; hence, a dispute or quarrel caused
by such disagreement: used in various shades of
intensity from a simple estrangement or dispute to
open hostility, ++ Zn difference, in dispute (ods.).
DIFFERENCE.
Trevisa Hi Ill.
sr eT a ae i ae
is
Mu. The ape..made dyfference to be
Ey Ba wear Wes
in some difference. tr Selden's Mare Cl. adn
the year 1508, there began certain differences, w!
pot. ay notable..war. . —- tan Hist.
With full power to concert matters
hoownes Fohnson (1831) 1V. 229 In the course of this
di him and his friend
r. Strahan. 1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. 11. 143 He had
never, he said, in his life, had any difference with Tyrconnel,
and he trusted that no difference would now arise. A
Leeds Mercury 17 May 5/t The speedy. settlement of
differences. dj
+b. phr. Zo be (etc.) at difference: to have a
i be at variance ; to quarrel.
1525 Lp. Berners Foss. (1812) 11. 349 The duke of Bre-
difference with the real
es. Yarranton Eng. Improv. 53, 1 fear their
nelghtoacit lisse will Tall at Dilerence: 1737
Wuiston Yosephus’ Hist. 1. xi. §1 The great men were
mightily at difference one with another,
4. A mark, device, or characteristic feature, which
distinguishes one thing or set of things from another.
Now rare or Oés. exc. as in b and c.
1481 Caxton Myrr. u. xiii. 94 Pronger .. by his e
entendement fonde the poyntes and the difference of mu-
syque. 1513 DouGias ines x. vii. 81 Markyt pon swa
with sic rude differens, That by hys keyll 3e may be knaw
fra tthens. 1602 Suaks. 7am, v. ii. 112 An absolute gentle-
man, full of most excellent differences. 1631 Weever Anc.
Fun. Mon. 149 The foure Deacons, for a difference from
the Priests, carried a round wreath of white cloth. 1842
Tennyson 770 Voices 41 Will one beam be less intense,
When thy peculiar difference Is cancell’d in the world of
sense?
b. Her. An alteration of or addition to a coat
of arms, to distinguish a junior member or branch
of a family from the chief line.
c 1450 Hottann /4owlat 600 He bure the said Dowglass
armis with a differens. 1489 Caxton /aytes of A.1V. xv. 275
The hed of the lordship bereth the playne armes without
difference and thoo that are of his linage they putte therunto
dyuerse dyfferences. 1564-78 Buteyn Diad, agst. Pest (1888)
96 My name is Mendax, a yonger brother linially descended
of an auncient house .. We giue three Whetstones in Gules
with no difference. 1602 Suaks. //am. 1v. v. 183 Ther’s Rew
for you, and heere’s some for me .. Oh you must weare your
Rew with a difference. 1610 Guittim Heraldry 1. vi. (1611)
22 The sonne of an Emperour cannot beare a difference of
higher esteeme during the life of his father. 1864 Bourret
Heraldry Hist. & Pop. xiv. 137 When the Heir succeeds,
he inherits the Arms of his Father without any Difference.
1882 Cussans Handbk. Heraldry x. (ed. 3) 150 Devices
called Marks of Difference .. In the —, days of Heraldry,
Differences were effected by a variety of arbitrary
ments—such as changing the tinctures of the Coat.
ec. Logic. A quality, mark, or characteristic, that
distinguishes a thing from all others in the same
class ; the attribute by which a species is distin-
— from other species of the same genus; more
ul
ly specific difference: = pele es
1ssx ‘I’. Witson Logitke (1567) 39 a, When ie or
Pe lal is rece then the kinde seenaghs Domes
Hosses £76. Necess. Wks. 1841 V. 371 He requires
ee aoe <a genus and the difference. 1697
. Serceant Solid Philos. 387 Not by the old beaten way of
us ———— a Pastis (ed. a wees _
difference of a y is impenetrable Extension,
difference of a Spirit is Cogitation or Thought. Wur-
wn Hed pane Se, I. 208 The Predicables =e five
steps which the gradations of generality and particularity
inevod 2 jes, difference, individual, accident.
1860 Asr. Tuomson Laws 7h. § 69. 112 ‘The difference, or
that mark or marks by which the species is distin,
from the rest of its genus,
+. transf. A division, class, or kind. Oés.
¢1532 Dewes /ntrod. Fr, in Palsgr. 920 There ben two
eee of yves. 1541 R. Cortano Gadyen's
Terap. 2 Aiv, The flowyng of humours is dyuyded in two
dyfferences. 1610 Howttanp Camden's Brit. (1637) 34 (D.)
ere bee of times three differences: the first from the
creation of man to the Floud or Deluge .. the second from
the Floud to the first Olympias. Wirkis Real Char,
veral are 50 be Deane, ue to each
ifference. a Sir T. Browne 7'racts (x ¥ 36 The
Sycamore. .is but one kind or difference of Acer.
5. A discrimination or distinction viewed as con-
ceived by the subject rather than as existing in the
objects. Now only in phr. 4o make a difference :
to distinguish, discriminate, act or treat differently.
WwW Esdras iv. 39 To taken and dif-
Phot is ask sek it [trut 1393 Gower Con/. III. 10
In making of i re may no difference be
Betwen a drunken man Caxton Gold,
ference betweene the vncleane and the c'
LINGEL. Orig. Sacr. u. ii, $2 To make them more capable
of putting a difference between truth and falshood. 1716
Apvison Freeholder (J.), Our constitution does not only
DIFFERENCE.
make a difference between the guilty and the innocent,
but, even among the guilty, between such as are more or
less criminal. 1819 SHELLEY Cenc? y. iv. 82 No difference
been made by God or man .. "T'wixt good or evil, as
regarded me,
6. attrib. and Comé., as difference-engine, a
machine for calculating arithmetical differences;
difference-equation, one expressing a relation
between functions and their differences (sense 2 b) ;
difference-tone, see TONE sd.
3 Catal. Sci. App. S. Kens, § 23 The mode in which
the Difference Engine calculates tables is, by the continual
repetition of the simultaneous addition of several columns
of figures to other columns, in the manner more particularly
described below, and printing the result,
Difference, v. [f. Dirrerence s/.: cf. F.
différencier, in Cotgr. 1611.]
+1. intr. To be different, to differ. Obs. rare.
1450 Mirour Saluacioun 3026 So differences fire werldly
fro thilk purgatoriale. 1474 Caxton Chesse 72 The ryght
lawe of nature defferenceth ofte tymes fro custom. 1483 —
Gold. Leg. 347b/2 They difference as moche as is bitwene
not to synne and to do well.
+ 2. trans. To make (something) different from
what it was (or from what it is in another case) ;
to change, alter, vary. Obs. rare.
1481 Caxton Myrr. ut. xxi. 111 In the londe of Samarye
is a wel that chaungeth and differenceth his colour four
tymes in the yere. 1572 Bossewett Armorie 8, I wil not
here speake how well thys Lyon is differenced. 1593 NasHe
Christ's T. 72 b, God shall reply .. hou hast so differenced
and diuorced thy selfe from thy creation, that I know thee
not for my creature. 1675 Evetyn Terra (1729) 11 How
far Principles might be .. differenced by Alteration and
Condensation. F a
b. Her. To make an alteration in or addition to
(a coat of arms) for the purpose of distinguishing
members or branches of the same family.
1708 J. CHAMBERLAYNE S?, Gt. Brit. u.u. v. (1743) 379 The
king at arms. .has power to give and difference arms. ¢1710
(28 Piaive Diary (1888) 96 Like Mullets that they have
in an Eschuteon to difference the third son from the first and
second in a family. 1882 Cussans Handbk. Heraldry x.
(ed. 3) 152 The third son differences his paternal coat with
a Mullet ..The Arms of the sixth son are differenced by
a Fleur-de-lys. /déd. 153 All the members of the Royal
Family —the Sovereign excepted—difference their Arms with
a silver Label of three points, charged with some distinguish-
ing mark, specially assigned to them by the crown.
3. To make different, cause or constitute a differ-
ence in, differentiate, distinguish (from something
else). Usually predicated of a quality or attribute :
frequently in passive.
1598 Barrer Vheor. Warres v. i, 124 The artillery is
deuided and differenced into greatnesse or Sizes royall, and
into lesser sizes. 1627-77 Feiruam Resolves 1. xxv. 45 This
differenceth a wise man and a fool. 1628 Prynne Love-
lockes 17 A desire of singularitie, or differencing our selues
from others. ¢ 1698 Locke Cond. Underst. § 31 Every
individual has something that differences it from another.
¢1710 C, Fiennes Diary (1888) 223 They have Little or noe
wood and noe Coale wt" differences it from Darbyshire.
1851 Trencu Study of Words vi. (1869) 221 Synonyms. . dif-
ferenced not by etymology. .but only by usage. 1871 TyLor
Prim. Cult. U1. 300 That theologic change which differences
the af of the Rabbinical books from the Jew of the Penta-
teuch. 1888 M. Burrows Cingue Ports vi. 162 The .. cor-
poration. . was differenced off from all others by its military
service, its special functions, etc.
4. To perceive or mark the difference in or be-
tween; to make a distinction between, discriminate,
distinguish (in the mind, or in speech). Const.
Jrom. (Now rare.)
1570-6 Lamparve Peraml. Kent (1826) 131 One called it
Dorobrina, differencing it from Canterbury(which hetermeth
Doroborni). ¢ 16x11 CHArMAN //iad v. 130 From ~~ knowing
mind .. I have remov’d those erring mists.. That thou
may’st difference Gods from men. 1646 FULLER Wounded
Consc. (1841) 291 Thus these two kinds of ns may
be differenced and distinguished. 1755 S. WaLKER Serme.
viii, He is known and differenced from never-so-many, who
presume, without ‘litle, to be of equal Birth with him. 1878
Giapstone Prim. Homer 149 The Nestor of the Odyssey
is carefully differenced from the Nestor of the Iliad, yet
in just proportion to the altered circumstances.
+b. intr. or absol. To perceive or mark the
difference, distinguish (de¢weer). Obs.
1646 S. Botton Arraignm. Err. 166 You cannot difference
between false and true. 1647 Trarr Comm. Matt. xix. 20
Aristotle .. differencing between age and youth, makes it
roperty of young men to think they know all things.
1685 Case of Doubting Conscience 65 St. Paul saith, that he
that doubteth or ditecanceth, is damned or condemned, if
he eat.
5. Math, a. To take or calculate the difference
of. +b. To take the differential of; = DIrFEREN-
TIATE Y. 4 (obs.).
1670 Newton in Rigaud Cory. Sct. Men (1841) II. 307
I thank you for your intimation about the limits of equations
and differencing their homogeneal terms. 1727-51 CHAMBERS
Cycl., Differential calculus .. is a method of differencing
quantities ; that is, of finding a rete or infinitely
small quantity, which, taken an infinite number of times,
is equal to a given quantity. 1788 Howarp Cyc. I. 424 To
difference quantities that mutually divide each other.
Hence Di'fferenced ///.a.; + Di-fferencer, one
who or that which differences or distinguishes.
1638-48 G. Daniet Eclog. 11. 252 Shall looke at Glorie ..
with a differenced Light “To those, who liveing saw that
flame more bright. 1 u
81 Circumcision. .to be the Differencer of all other Nations
from the Jewes.
D. Rocers Treat. Sacraments 1.—
341
+Difference, a. Obds., representing L. deferens :
see DEFERENT B. 2.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vu. xi. (1495) 317 The
cercle that hyghte Difference is the cercle of a planete and
highte Difference..for it beryth the cercle Epiciclis.
Differencing (di-férénsin), v//. sd. [f. prec.
vb. + -InG!.] The action of the verb to Dirrer-
- ENCE (in various senses).
1610 Guitiim Heraldry 1. i. (1660) 4 Names were insti-
tuted for differencing of each person from other severally.
1659 Futter Af. /nj. Innoc. (1840) 617 Writers of civil
dissentions are sometimes necessitated, for differencing of
parties, to use those terms they do not approve. 1809-10
CoLeripcE Friend (1866) 340 The mechanism of the under-
standing, the whole functions of which consist in individuali-
zation, in outlines and differencings by quantity, quality,
and relation. 1865 Edin. Rev. Apr. 339 Differencing is..a
far more important part of Scottish than of English heraldry.
Di-fferencing, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -InG*.]
That differences or makes a difference ; distinguish-
ing, differentiating ; discriminating: see the verb.
1652 J. Pawson Vind. Free Grace 24 Differencing grace.
1657 Baxter Acc. Pres. Th. 5 Augustine who rose up
against Pelagius .. in defence of differencing free grace.
1660 W. Secker Nonsuch Prof. 16 Differencing mercy calls
for differencing duty. 1768 PAil. Trans. LIX. 499 There
is in each [Chinese] character a distinctive or differencing
Pou. 18483 Blackw. Mag. LVI. 398 The differencing con-
ditions which qualify the rule.
Hence Differencingly «a/v.
a1640 W. Fenner Christ's Alarm (1650) 28 To preach
differencingly, to distinguish between the precious and the
vile.
+ Di-fferency. Oés. [ad. L. differentia Dir-
FERENCE: see -ENCY. ] = DIFFERENCE 56,
1607 SHaks. Cor. v. iv. 11 There is differency between
a Grub & a Butterfly ; yet your Butterfly wasa Grub. 1640
Sir E. Derinc Proper Sacrifice (1644) 21 The differencie
of Editions. 1707 Lond. Gaz, No. 4333/1 All Jealousies
and Differencies being removed. 1812 Henry Cawip. agst.
Quebec 3 Many differencies of style corrected.
Different (diferent), a. (sd., adv.) [a. F. dif
Jérent (14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. different-em
differing, different, pr. pple. of d¢fer-re trans. to
bear or carry asunder, etc., 277. to tend asunder,
have opposite bearings, DirFER.]
A. adj.
1, Having characters or qualities which diverge
from one another ; having unlike or distinguishing
attributes; not of the same kind; not alike; of other
nature, form, or quality.
c 1400 Lan/franc's Cirurg. 90 To heele bobe pe ulcus and
pe festre wip medicyns different pat longen to bem bobe.
1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 1 Largely and in many
diffrent maners, c1g00 Sc. Poem Her. 431nQ. Eliz. Acad.,
etc. 95 The fader the hole, the eldest son defferfe]nt, quhiche
alabelle ; acressent the secound. 1581 Petrie Guazzo's Civ.
Conv 1. (1586) 21 b, Persons different in state and condition.
1607 SHaxs. Lear w. iii. 37 Mate and mate could not beget
Such different issues. 1651 Hospes Leviath. 1. xv. 79 Appe-
tite, and Aversions. .in different tempers. .are different. 1711
STEELE Sfect. No. 114 ® 4 Their Manners are very widel
different. 1802 Mar. Epcewortu Moral 7. (1816) I. viil.
so With what different eyes different people behold the
same objects. 1860 TynpaLt Glac. 1, xxii. 154 Different
positions of the limb require different molecular arrange-
ments. 1875 Jowett /’/ato (ed. 2) IV. 29 Principles as
widely different as benevolence and self-love. 1887 Ruskin
Preterita 11. 248 We both enjoyed the same scenes, though
in different ways. .
b. Const. from; also Zo, than (tagainst, + with).
The usual construction is now with /rovz; that with fo
(after unlike, dissimilar to) is found in writers of all ages,
and is frequent colloquially, but is by many considered
incorrect. ‘The construction with thax Cfter other than), is
found in Fuller, Addison, Steele, De Foe, Richardson, Gold-
smith, Miss Burney, Coleridge, Southey, De Quincey,
Carlyle, Thackeray, Newman, ‘Trench, and Dasent, among
others: see F, Hall Mod. English iii. 82.
1526 Piler. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 125b, His lyght is
moche different and vnlyke to the lyght of the holy goost.
1588 R. Parke tr. Afendosa’s Hist. China 257 If .. they
could write any other language that were different vnto
theirs. [/b/d. 271, 291.) 1590 Suaxs. Com. Err. v. i. 46
This weeke he hath beene .. much different from the man
he was. 1603 Dekker, &c. Grissi/ (1841) 72 Oh, my dear
Grissil, how much different Art thou to this curs’d spirit
here! 1624 Heywoop Guuaik. 1. 15 Humane wisdome,
different against the divine will, is vaine and contemptible.
1644 Dicsy Nat. Bodies 1. (1645) 45 We make use of them
in a quite different manner then we did in the beginning.
1649 Eart Mono. tr. Sexaudlt’s Passions (1671) 245 She
(hatred] hath this of different with love, that she is much
more sensible. 1711 Appison Sfect. No. 159 P 2 Tunes ..
different from anything I had ever heard. FIELDING
Hist, Reg. u. Wks. (1882) X. 218 It’s quite a erent thing
within to what itis without. 1769 Gotpsm. Rom. Hist. (1786)
I. 105 The consuls. . had been elected for very different merits
than those of skill in war. 1790 CoLeBRookE in Lé/e (1873)
38 The different prosperity of the country which they con-
quered..with that of the countries under English rule. -1848
J. H. Newman Loss § Gain 306 It has possessed me in a
different way than ever before. 1852 THACKERAY Esmond
11. ii. (1869) 169 The party of prisoners lived .. with comforts
very different to those which were awarded to the
wretches there. 1861 M. Partison Zss, (1889) I. 44 Ware-
houses and wharves no way different from those on either
side of them,
2. Ina weaker sense, used as a synonym for other,
as denying identity, but without any implication of
dissimilarity ; not the same, not identical, distinct.
1651 Hospes Leviath. u. xxvi. 138 Civill, and Naturall
Law are not different kinds, but different parts of Law.
DIFFERENTIAL.
1711 Appison Sfect, No. 35 P 3 At different times he appears
as serious as a Judge, and as jocular as a Merry-Andrew.
1802 Pacey Nat, Theol. v. § 2 (1819) 52 To different persons,
and in different stages of science. 1860 TYNDALL G/ac. 1. 1.
3 Some .. may be split with different facility in different
directions. x Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) I. App. 717
Eadwig King of the Churls is quite a different person from
Eadwig the A‘theling. 1868 Lockyer Elem. Astron. iii.
(1879) 145 The daily motion of the Earth is very different in
different parts. J/od. I suspect this is a different coin from
the other, though, being both new sovereigns of this year,
they are quite indistinguishable.
3. Comb., as different-minded, -coloured.
1680 ALLEN Peace §& Unity 13 If this .. will not reconcile
the different-minded to our judgement. 1768-74 ‘TuckER
Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 455 We may have different heights. .or
wear different-coloured clothes. 1831 Brewster Uftics x.
gt The different-coloured spaces of the spectrum.
B. sd.
+1. A disagreement, dispute; = DIFFERENCE
sb. 3. Obs. rave. (OF. adifférent, written by the
Academy différend. |
1483 Caxton Cato Ciijb, The whych deuyll myght not
fynde the manere for to... brynge them to dyscencion and
dyfferente. 1484 — Fadles of sop ww. vi, Whan a lygnage
or kyndred is in dyfferent or in dyuysyon. /ézd. v. x, We
praye the that thow vouchesauf to accorde our dyferent so
that pees be made betwene vs. 1606 G. W[oopcocKE] tr.
Hist. Lvstine LV ij a, Whereupon arose cruell differents be-
tweene the Genooise and the Venetians.
2. That which is different ; a contrary or oppo-
site. rare.
1581 LAMBARDE “/ren. 1v. Epil. (1602) 589 ‘To shew things
by their contraries and differents. 1890 J. H. Srirvinc
Philos. & Theol. iii. 49 The fairest harmony results from
differents.
as adv.
educated use.
1744 Saran Fietpinc David Simple 1. 3, I spent my
Infancy. .very different from what most Children do. 1775
Map. D’Arsiay Early Diary (1889) I. 131 He pronounces
=Dirrrerentiy. Now only in un-
English quite different from other foreigners. 1803 tr.
Lebrun's Mons. Botte WI. 9 They had .. acted perfectly
different from those parties who [ete.]. 1 KINGSLEY
Water Bab. viii. 374 ‘Oh dear, if 1 was but a little chap in
Vendale again. .how different I would go on !”
Different, obs. form of DEFERENT.
|| Differentia (diferenfia). Pl. -ive (-i,9). Lagée.
[L. =difference, diversity; a species.] ‘The attri-
bute by which a species is distinguished from all
other species of the same genus; a distinguishing
mark or characteristic ; = DIFFERENCE sd. 4c.
1827 WHATELY Logic ii. 1. § 4 (ed. 2) 62 Either the mate-
rial part [of their essence] which is called the Genus, or the
formal and distinguishing part, which is called Diff
or in common discourse, characteristic. 1850 KINGSLEY
Tennyson Misc. 1, 218 This deep, simple faith in the divine-
ness of Nature .. which, in our eyes, is Mr. ‘Tennyson’s
differentia. 1851 Mans ve, Logica i. (1860) 54 ‘Vhe
concept whiteness, ties of colour, is capable of
definition by its optical differentia, 1889 A. LANG /uirod.
Romilly’s Verandah N. G.17 Yo be inconsistent and inco-
herent and self-contradictory is the very differentia and
characteristic of myth. 1889 R. L. Ortiey in Lice Madi
(1890) xii. 476 ‘To arrive at the true differentia of Christian
morals.
Lifferentiable (diférenfiabl), a rare. [f.
med.L. differentia-re differentiate: see -BLE.] Cap-
able of being differentiated.
1863 E. V. Neate Anal. Th. §& Nat. 219 So as to produce
a new differentiable material from the crash of ancient
integrations. 1867 H. Spencer Princ. Biol. IL. vii. § 296.
309 Undeniable proof that they [the tissues] are easily dif-
ferentiable. A/od. (Zath.) All functions of a variable are
differentiable, but not all are integrable.
Differential (diférenfal), a. andsé. [ad. med.
or mod.L. differenizal-ts, f. differentia Dir FER-
ENCE: see -AL. Cf. mod.F. dfférentiel (Dict.
Trev. 1732).] A. adj.
1. Of or relating to difference or diversity ; ex-
hibiting or depending on a difference or distinction ;
esp. in Comm. used of duties or charges which differ
according to circumstances.
1647 H. More Song of Soul 1. 1. xii, This be understood
Of differentiall profunditie. 1841 Myers Cath. 7h. m1.
xxiv. 90 This testimony does not decide .. the differential
amount of sacredness between Substantial Divinity and
Literal Infallibility. 1845 M’CutLocu 7ara/ion u1. v. (1852)
222 To reduce the present differential or prohibitory duties
on the sugar of foreign countries. 1868 RocGers /’od. Econ.
xix. (1876) 5 Differential duties in favour of colonial timber.
1894 Jessore Rand. Roam. ii. 60 They compounded for
murder according to a differential tariff. ; :
2. Constituting a specific difference or d7fferentia;
distinguishing, distinctive, special.
1652 GauLe Magastrom, 77 Any quality of sympathy or
antipathy (which doe follow naturally the specifick or
differentiall forms). 1 33 Cueyne. Eng. Malady i. xi. § 1
(1734) 227 The great differential Marks of the Distemper *
will appear. 1851 De Quincey Carlisle on Pope Wks.
XIII. 24 Every case in the law courts .. presents some one
differential feature peculiar to itself. 1893 F. Haut in Nation
(N.Y.) LVIL. 449/3 One of the differential peculiarities of
a highly important division of the Hindus of olden times.
b. Relating to specific differences. Differential
diagnosis : the distinguishing between two similar
species of disease, or of animals or plants.
1875 B. Meavows Clin. Odserv. 29 Any system of specific
treatment governed by differential diagnosis. 1877 Roperts
Handbk, Med. I. 19 1n others the diagnosis has to be more
or less differential, 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex.
DIFFERENTIAL.
8. A/ath. Relating to infinitesimal differences (see
B. 1). ;
Differential calculus: a vented
by Leibnitz in 1677, which treats of the infinitesimal differ-
ences between consecutive values of continuously varyii
uantities, and of their rates of change as measured by suc!
ifferences. (Newton's method of Fruxions was another
~ of treating the same subject.) Differential coefficient :
a function expressing the rate of change, or the relation
between consecutive values, of a varying quantity: see
Corrricient B. 2c. Differential equation: an equation
involving differentials (see B. 1).
1702 Ratruson Math. Dict. s.v. Fluxions, A different way
.. passes .. in France under the Name of Leibnitz’s Differ-
ential Calculus, or Calculus of Differences., 1706 H. Drrron
Instit, Fluxious 17 The Fundamental Principles fof Fluxions)
+. appear to be more accurate, clear, and convincing than
those of the Differential Calculus. 1727-51 Cuampers Cyci.
s.v., Mr. Leibnitz .. calls it differential calculus, as con-
sidering the infinitely small quantities .. as the differences
of the quantities ; and, accordingly, expressing them by
the letter @ prefixed: as the differential of x by dx.
1763 W. Emerson Meth. Increments 75 A differential
uation. 1808 Edin, Rev. Jan. 256 The general methods
of integrating the differential equations above mentioned.
1816 tr. Lacroix’s Diff. & Int. Calculus 4 The limit of the
ratio of the increments, or the differential coefficient, will
be obtaiged. 1819 G. Peacock (t/t/e), Comparative view of
the fluxional and differential Calculus. - 1835 Macautay
Ess., Mackintosh's Hist. Rev. (1854) 321/1 We submit that
a wooden spoon of our day would not be justified in calling
Galileo and Napier blockheads, because they never heard
of the differential calculus.
4. Physics and Mech. Relating to, depending on,
or exhibiting the difference of two (or more) mo-
tions, pressures, temperatures, or other measurable
physical qualities: a. of physical actions or effects.
Differential tone (in Acoustics) = difference-tone:
see TONE sd.
1 4 Tucker L?¢, Nat, (1852) 1. 406 Weight is made by
the differential, not the absolute pressure of ether. 1868
Lockyer Elem. Astron. 318 As the Sun's distance is so
reat compared with the diameter of the Earth, the dif-
erential effect of the Sun's action is small. 1873 B. Stewarr
Conserv’. Energy iv. § 136. 97 Wherever in the universe
there is a differential motion, that is to say, a motion of
one part of it towards or from another. el Le Conte
Elem, Geol. 1. (1879) 55 The centre of the glacier moved
faster than the margins. ‘This differential motion is the
capital discovery in relation to the motion of glaciers. 1880
E. J. Payne in Grove Dict. Mus. I. 726 Two notes..
sounded together. . generate a third. .tone, whose vibrational
number equals the difference of their several vibrational
numbers .. These tones Helmholtz calls differential tones.
b. of instruments or mechanical contrivances:
ee lenlati
in
e. g.
Differential gear, gearing: a combination of toothed
wheels communicating a motion depending on the difference
of their diameters or of the number of their teeth. Differ-
ential pulley: a pulley having a block with two rigidly
connected wheels or sheaves of different diameters, the
chain or rope unwinding from one as it winds on the other.
Differential screw: a screw having two threads of dif-
ferent pitch, one of which unwinds as the other winds.
Differential thermometer: a thermometer consisting of
two air-bulbs connected by a bent tube partly filled with a
liquid, the position of the column of liquid indicating the
difference of temperature between the two bulbs. Differen-
tial winding : the method of winding two insulated wires
side by side in an electric coil, through which currents pass
in opposite directions.
1804 J. Lestiz //eat 9 The instrument most essential in
this research. . was the differential thermometer. 1834 Mech.
Mag. XXI1. 3 Saxton's differential pulley. /did. 6 The
‘locomotive differential pulley’ can never be made to
answer the expectations of the inventor. 1881 MaxweLv
Electr. & Magn. 1. 433 The differential galvanometer, an
instrument in which there are two coils, the currents in
which are independent of each other. 1884 Mincutn Statics
(ed. 3) I. 188 A Differential Wheel and Axle is sometimes
employed. 1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. p52 In 1877 Mr.
James Starley, it is believed without any knowledge of the
gear used by Fowler for traction engines, re-invented the
same differential gear for tricycles.
B. sb.
1. Math. a. (In the differential and integral cal-
culus) ‘The infinitesimal difference between conse-
cutive values of a continuously varying quantity
(corresponding to a Moment or FLux1on in New-
ton’s method) ; either of the two quantities (usually
considered to be infinitesimal) whose ratio consti-
tutes a differential coefficient.
1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn. s.v. Fluxion, This Method
is much. .shorter than. .the French one with the Differential
d multiplied into the Flowing Quantity, to denote the
Fluxion, 1730-6 Baitey (folio), DiVerential of any quan-
tity, is the fluxion of that quantity. 1788 Howarp Cyc/. I.
24 Multiply the differential of [each] factor into the other
factor, the sum of the two [products] is the differential
sought. 1819 G. Peacock View Fluxional §& Diff. Calc.
25 The Differential is hut the measure of the rate of in-
crease. 1880 Bucxincuam Elem. Diff. & Int. Calc. (ed. 2)
42 The function which Leibnitz terms ‘differential’ and
which Newton designates as a ‘fluxion’ is the concrete
symbol which represents the rate of change in the variable.
+b. A logarithmic tangent. Ods.
1727-51 Cuampers Cycl., Differential, in the doctrine of
logarithms. Kepler calls the logarithms of tangents, @7/
Serentiales; which we usually call artificial tangents. 1845
Caytey Wks. 1. 145 Logarithmic differential. pice
2. Biol. A distinction or distinctive characteristic
of structure: opp. to valent,
1883 A. Hyarr in Proc. role egy Adv. Sci. XXXI1.
3 seg aid
358 uring their istory, ch
342
divisible into two categories: those which become morpho-
logical equivalents and are ially simil disti
series, and those which are essentially different in distinct
series and may be classed as ical differentials.
3. Comm. A differential charge: see A. 1.
se eee se Seek. The morality of American
Railway panies as diffe and commis-
sions.
Differentialize, v. [f. prec. +-1zx.] trans. ‘Yo
make differential ; to differentiate.
1862 Sat. Rev. X1V. 601/1 Words..more or less modified
or, as some phil rs would say, differentialized in
meaning.
Differentially (difére-nfali), adv. [f. as prec. +
-LY *.] Ina differential manner.
1. Distinctively, specially, by way of difference :
see DIFFERENTIAL A. 2.
1644 J. Srrickanp in S eon Treas. Dav. Ps xlvi. 7
God 1s said to be in heaven differentially, so as he is not
anywhere else. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. vi. xxviii.
(R.) When biting serpents are mentioned in the Scripture
they are not differentially set down from such as mischief
by a 1846 De Quincey Antigone of Sophocles
Wks. XIV. 207 These persons will .. wish to know .. what
there is differentially interesting in a Grecian tragedy, as
contrasted with one of Shakspere’s or of Schiller’s. 1880
Stusss Med. & Mod. Hist. ix. (1886) 210, I will. .state next
what sorts of rights, forces, and ideas I consider, mark
differentially the three periods at which I have been looking.
2. In relation to the difference of two measurable
quantities; in two different directions : see Dir-
FERENTIAL A, 4.
1862 H. Spencer First Princ. x. (L.), Whether .. every-
thing is explicable on the hypothesis of universal pressure,
whence what we call tension results differentially from
inequalities of pressure in opposite directions. 1883 Nature
XXVII. 275 The magnets. . being in both these patterns of
lamp wound differentially. 1892 Gloss. Electrical Terms |
in Lightning 7 Jan. (Suppl.), Differentially-wound dynamo
machine, a compound-wound machine in which currents |
flow in oppos'te directions in the coils on the field magnets.
Differentiant (diférenfiant). A/ath. Also
differenciant. [f. pr. ppl. stem of med.L. dif
ferenlia-re-or ¥, différentier : see next and -ant!.]
A rational integral function of elements a, 4, ¢,. .,
which elements multiplied by binomial coefficients
are the coefficients in a binary quantic, which re-
mains unchanged when for them are substituted the
elements of the new quantic obtained by putting
x + Ay for x in the original quantic (Sylvester).
1878 Syivester in PA. Mag. March, I propose to give
a systematic developement of the Calculus of Invariants,
taking a differentiant as the primordial germ or unit.
Differentiate (diférenfijet', v. [f. ppl. stem
of med.L. differentiare, £. differentia DIFFERENCE :
cf. F. différentier, -encier.]
1. trans. To make or render different; to con-
stitute the difference in or between ; to distinguish.
1853 De Quincey A utodiog. Sk. Wks. 1. 199 note, Genius
differentiates a man from all other men, 1872 Yeats Techn.
Hist. Com, 22 The use of fire .. constitutes one of the
great distinctions by which man is differentiated from the
lower animals, 1874 L. Steruen Hours in Libr. (1892) I.
ii. 48 His language..is sufficiently differentiated from
prose by the mould into which it is run.
2. Biol., etc. To make different in the process of
| growth or development ; to make unlike by modi-
fication, esp. for a special function or purpose ; to
specialize. (Chiefly used in passive.)
1858 Huxtey Oceanic Hydrozoa (Ray Soc.) 22 The sub-
stance of the spermarium .. becomes differentiated into
minute, clear, spherical vesicles. 1869 Seecey Lect. &
Ess. i. 15 We have heard..of the power which all
organisms possess of differentiating special organs to meet
special needs, 1871 Darwin Desc. A/an Il. xx. 365 The
wer of sexual selection in differentiating the tribes. 1874
. R. Revysoips Fokn Baft. iii. § 1. 127 The office of
priest..is ultimately differentiated from that of the prophet
and the prince. Carventer Ment. Phys. 1. ts Bg
‘ Protoplasm’ or living jelly, which is not yet differentiat
into ‘organs’. 1885 af Batt in Frnt. Linn, Soc. XX.
26 A very long period of .. isolation during which a large
ber of separate species, and not a few genera, have
been differentiated. | 1893 F. Haut. in Nation (N.Y.) LVII.
229/2 As being distinctly differentiated from practiser, it
(practiti ung’ i ble utility. i
b. zutr. (for refl.) To become differentiated or
specialized,
1874 Lewes in Contemp. Rev. Oct. 692 Nebulw which
differentiate into a solar system. 1884 Bower & Scorr De
Bary's Phaner. 155 Their walls become thickened as they
differentiate from the meristem, si
3. trans. To observe, note, or ascertain the dif-
ference in or between; to discriminate between,
distinguish.
1876 G. F, Cuamuers Astron. 915 Differentiate, to fix
the pes of one celestial object by comparing it with
another. 1878 Miss Brappon Ofen Verd. xxxv. 239 Typhus
and t id, which two fatal diseases .. Jenner was just
then seeking to differentiate. 1880 R.C. Dryspace in
> Med. Temp. Fruit. Oct. x 1 have known some difficulty in
differentiating such attacks from those of epilepsy.
b. intr. To recognize the difference.
1891 J. Foe in Educat. Rev. 1. 258 One important
use of child study is to differentiate between functions that
in the adult have me merged. :
4. Math. To obtain the differential or the differ-
ential coefficient of.
3816 tr. Lacroix’s Diff. & Int. Calculus 18 The differen-
tial coefficient being a new function. .may itself be differen-
DIFFERING.
tiated. 1882 Mincutn Unipl Kinemat, 229 Differentiate
this equation first with respect to £ and then with renpect
oO
Hence Differentiated /f/. a., Differentiating
vl. sb. and ppl. a.; also Differentiator, he who
ae. which differentiates.
~ Macm Fe Pi 5 I i,
hopteven, sheur ta Sete cxveulttag kitbip mseqctidemte
process, Their en
1864 H. Spencer J/lust, Univ. Ras
trast of prt on Twn ap ewer tay enh oe hoa
trast x YNDALL Fra; c. (18: . XX,
The di iating infl of * er Sexeee pions
of similar natural cast. 1888 R. F. Litriepate in Acad
7 July 6/1 No impressi i imitation. .but on!
that of differentiated heredity. Mod. (Math.) The rest
can be obtained by differentiating.
Differentiation (diférenfij7fan). [n. of ac-
tion f, DIFFERENTIATE; so in mod.F.]
1. The action of differentiating, or condition of
being differentiated (see prec. 1, 2); any change
by which like things become unlike, or something
homogeneous becomes heterogeneous; sfec. in
Biol., etc., the process, or the result of the process,
by which in the course of growth or development
a part, organ, etc. is modified into a special form,
or for a special function ; specialization ; also the
gradual production of differences between the de-
scendants of the same ancestral ty;
H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (ie Ie iii. 49 In the
rudimen nervous system, there is no such structural
differentiation. E. V. Neate Anal. Th. & Nat. 217
The differentiation of a diffused material substance into the
opposite forms of suns and planets. 1865 Gosse Land & Sea
(1874) 213 The lower the rank of an organism .. the less of
differentiation we find, the less of specialty in the assign-
ment of function to organ. 1871 Darwin Desc. Maw 1. ii.
61 He [the naturalist] justly considers the differentiation
and specialisation of organs as the test of perfection. 1874
Sweer Eng. Sounds 23 The Roman alphabet has been
further enriched by the differentiation of various forms of
the same letter, of which the present distinction between
u and v, é and 7, are instances. 1875 Lyeut Princ. Geol. 11.
ut. xliii. 480 We cannot so easily account for the differen-
tiation of the Papuan and the Malay races. 1880 A. R.
Wattace /sé. = 278 Long continued isolation would
often lead to the differentiation of species. ;
2. The action of noting or ascertaining a differ-
ence (see prec. 3); discrimination, distinction.
a@ 1866 Wuewe tt in Macm. Mag. XLV. 142 Men rush..
to differentiation on the slightest provocation. 1875 G. H.
Lewes Prob. of Life & Mind Ser. 1. I. vi. iv. 504 The
logical distinctions represent real differentiations, but not
distinct existents. 1876 Barruotow Mat. Med. (1879) 114
A careful differentiation of the causes.
3. Math. The operation of obtaining a differen-
tial or differential coefficient.
1802 Woopnouse in Phil. Trans. XCII. 123 note, Pro-
cesses of evolution, differentiation, integration, &c. are
much more easily performed with the former expression.
1816 tr. Lacrvix’s Diff. & Int. Calculus 21 The J eg
of differentiation having been deduced. 1885 Watson &
Bursury Math. Th. Electr. & Magn. 1. 31 Performing the
differentiations and substituting, we get [etc.]
+ Differentio-differential, a. A/ath. Obs.
1727-51 Cuamers Cycl., Differentio-differential Calculus
is a method of differencing differential quantities. .the same,
in effect, with the differential.
Differently (di-f€réntli), adv. [f. Dirrerenr
a.+-LY2.] Ina different manner, or to a different
degree ; diversely. hire
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. u. viii. (1495) ot alle
1 oe defferentely. ¢ 1400 Lowfat Gay: 124
Younded in pe heed differentliche. 1450-1530 M/yrr. our
Ladye 292 To the sonne ys sayde, Christeleyson dyf-
ferentely from them, for he ys not only god wyth them, but
also man. 1618 Botton / tv. vill. And now his
Navie wafted up and down .. O how differently from his
Father! hee rooted out the Cilicians, but this man stirred
Pyrats to take his . @x6a2 R. Hawkins Hawkins’
Voyages (1878) 124 . have recounted this mysterie
differently to that which is written, 165: Hones Lewiath.
1. iv. 37 we conceive the same things differently, we
can hardly avoyd different naming of them. 1665 }. Ser-
GEANT na gee 182 Reason acts much different
then formerly, 1713 Berkecey Guardian No, 70? 5 Philo-
aopnees pogs of most things very differently from the voles.
1770 Map. D'Arsiay Early Diary 10 Jan. (1889) 1. 64 How
very differently do I begin this year to what I did the
last! 1844 C. C. Sourney Andrew Bell 111, 135 He seems
to have spent his time somewhat differently than was usual
with him, 1860 Tynpaut. Glace. 1. vi. 45 Two ager pe
ferently illuminated. Ruskin Sesame 25 He will v
differently from you in many respects.
. rare. [f. as prec, + -NESS.]
The quality of being different ; difference.
1727 Baiey vol. Il, Diferentness, difference. 1862 F.
Haut Hindu Philos. Syst. 95 In the twenty-four qualities,
they include diffe ,
Di-ffering, v//. sd. [f. Dirrer v. + -1nG1.]
1. The action of the verb R, q.¥. ; difference,
1822 Mus. E. Natuan Langreath I, 151 You must excuse
so ial a differing in our opinions. by)
+2. Her. = Dirrerence sd. 4b. Obs.
z ee a 7
is the maner of differings.
+3. Adi ent; = DIFFERENCE sd. 3. |
1660 R. Coxe Power § Subj. 266 [To] decide our diff
in Church and State. 1690 W. Waker /diomat. A
“ail
Lat. 220 Hence great —- Me as on ).
Cu. . agst. Bigotry 16 heir li Differings _
SRonid wos ovcesion the abating of their amtunl Lows:
Another matter ..to be reformed,
ee
DIFFERING.
Differing, 7//. a. [f. as prec. +-1nc2.] That
differs ; see the verb.
1. in gen. sense; = Dirrerent a. Very common
in 17th and early 18th c.; now rare or Obs.
©1374 Cuaucer Boeth. v. Pr. vy. 131 Dyuerse and differyn:
substaunces. 1598 Manwoop Lawes /orest x. § 7 (1615
79/1 An especiall manner of proceeding..which is differing
from the proceeding [etc.]. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. t. iv.
§ 2 (1873) 28 Whose writings were in a differing style and
form. ¢1645 J. Howett Ze¢t. II. xii, Which makes me to
be ofa differing opinion to that Gentleman. 1666 Boye Ovig.
Formes & Quad., Very differing from that pure whitenesse
to be observ'd in the neighbouring Snow lately fallen. 1702
Pore Sappho 43 Turtles and doves of diff’ring hues unite,
1719 De For Crusoe m1. xii. (1858) 547 A differing name from
that which our Portuguese pilot gave it. 1763 Sir W. Jonrs
Caissa Poems (1777) 128 A polish’d board, with differing
colours grac’d. 1802 H. Martin Helen of Glenross 1. 126,
I was so changed by dress. .as to appear... essentially differ-
ing to what I had ever been. —
. Disagreeing in opinion or statement ; discre-
pant, discordant.
158 Sipney Afol. Poetrie (Arb.) 31 Hauing much a-doe
toaccord differing Writers. 1677 W. Hussarp Narrative 68
There are differing accounts about the manner of his taking
and by whom, 1858 Martineau Stud. Chr. 280 The differ-
ing voices of the intellect and the soul.
+3. At variance, disputing, quarrelling. Obs.
¢16rx Cuapman //iad 1x. 543 Then sent they the chief
priests of Gods with offer'd gifts t’ atone His differing fury.
hrs Dryven Pal. §& Arc. Ded. to Duchess Ormond 152
daughter of the Rose, whose cheeks unite The differing
titles of the Red and White.
+ Differingly, adv. Ods. [f. prec. + -Ly 2.]
In a differing manner, differently.
1602 Warner Alb. Eng. (1612) 364 More diffringly and
doubtingly than of the other sixe. 1666 Boye Orig. Hormes
§ Qual. (1667) 27 Each organ of Sense..may be it selfe dif-
feringly affected by external Objects. 1688 — Pinal Causes
Nat. Things ii. 58 Organs of sight that are very differingly
framed and placed. a@1691 — /77st. Air xix. (1692) 163
These differingly colour’d sorts of Vitriol.
+ Differrrence. Ovs. [f. differ, obs. form of
Derer v.! + -ENCE.] The action of deferring or
putting off, delay.
1559 CrosraGuELL Let, Willock in Keith Hist. Ch. Scotd,
App. 198 The hail warld may se that it is bot differrence
that ye desyre, and not to haif the mater at ane perfyte tryall.
Diffet, obs. var. Divot, a sod.
+ Diffi‘bulate, v. Obs. rare -°.. [f. ppl. stem
of L. difftbulare, £. dif-, Dis- + fibula clasp, buckle,
Frsuta.] To unclasp, unbuckle.
ee ead Glossogr., Diffibulate, to unbutton, open or
ungird, r . ‘
+ Difficacity. Ods. rare—°. [ad. med.L. di ffiica-
citas, £. difficax difficult (Catholicon).] Difficulty.
1656 BLount Glossogr., Difficacity, hardness or difficulty.
|| Difficile, -il (difi-sil, di-fisil),@. Ods. (exc. as
Fr.) [a. late OF. défictle (15th c. in Littré), ad. L.
diffictl-zs, f. dif-. Dis- + faczlis able to be done,
easy. Cf. Pr. dificil, Sp. dificil, It. déffictle.] The
opposite of faczle.
+1. Not easy, hard to do or accomplish, trouble-
some; =DIFFICULT a. 1a, b (q.v. for construé-
tions). Obs.
1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 143 It is a difficile thing
to a man to be long in helth. 1489 Caxton Faytes of A.1.
x. 29 Al thinges seme dyfficyle to the dysciple. 1500-25
Dunbar’s Poems (2805) 72 ‘hocht luve be grene in gud
curage, And be difficill till asswage. 1533 BELLENDEN Livy
11, (1822) 205 The Romanis .. finalie wan the difficillest and
maist strate parte of the said montane. 1566 Painter
Pal. Pleas. 1. 45b, To adventure anye hard and difficile
exploit. 1573 Vew Custon u. ii. in Hazl. Dodsley 111. 30
No matter so difficile for man to find out. 162x Burton
Anat. Mel. u. i. 1. ii. 302 They..make it ‘most dan-
gerous and difficill to be cured. 1663 Butter Hud.1, i. 53
That Latine was no more difficile Than to a Blackbird ’tis
to whistle. 1665 Sir T, Hersert 7vav, (1677) 88 Hope
oft fancies that to be facile in the attainment, which reason
in the event shews difficile.
+2. Hard to understand ; =DIFFICULT a, Ic.
¢ 1546 Joye in Gardiner Declar. Art. Foye (1546) p. xv,
Isai prophecied of Christ that..he shoulde not be darke and |
dyffycyle or harde in his doctrine. 1552 Asp. HamiLton
Catech, (1884) 46 Ane exposition of difficil & obscuire placis.
7637 Gitiespre Ang, Pop. Cerem, mi. viii. 196 If the matter
be doubtfull and difficille. és
|| 3. Of persons: Hard to persuade or satisfy ; un-
accommodating, making difficulties; awkward,
troublesome to deal with; = DIFFICULT a. 3.
In modern use as nonce-wd. from French (défész‘l).
1536 in’ Strype Zec?. Mem. I. App. Ixxvi. 183 The Kings
highnes..wold not shew himself very difficile. 1622 Bacon
Hen. VII, Wks. (Bohn) 448 This cardinal. . finding the pope
difficile in granting thereof. 1633 J. Done Hist. Septua-
gint 146 Some race of Women are deficile and troublesome.
185s CaroLinE Fox Mem. Old Friends (1882) 301 The most
difficile and bizarre body in Christendom. 188r Mattock
Romance 19th Cent. 1. 248 No jealousy..made her in the
least cold or difficile.
+ Difficilely, -illy, adv. Ods. [f. Dirricin(z
+-Ly~.] Ina difficult manner ; with difficulty.
1613 Suertey 7rav. Persia 99 Princes difficilly speak
of peace while they feele themselues able to make warres.
Difficileness (difis7Inés). [f. prec. + -NESS.]
The quality of being ‘difficile’; see above. (In
modern use from DIFFICILE 3.)
1607-12 Bacon Ess., Goodness (Arb.) 204 A Crosnes, or
frowardnes, or aptnes to oppose, or difficilenes. 1632 Lirx-
343
cow Trav. vil. 373 Doubting of his passage, and the difficil-
nesse of the Countrey. 1 R.A. KinG Shadowed Life
III. iii, 58 In love .. with her person, her pleasantness, her
fortune .. and last, though not least, her difficileness.
Difficilitate, v. rave or Obs. [f. L. difficel-zs
difficult: cf. Dirricutrate.] trans. To render
difficult: the opposite of facz/étate.
16x Cotcr., Difiiculter, to difficultate, or difficilitate ; to
make difficult. 1640 Quartes Enchirid. 1. \xxviii, The bold-
nesse of their resolution will disadvantage the assaylants,
and difficilitate their design. 1648 W. Mountacur Devout
Ess.1. xv. §4(R.) The inordinateness of our love difficilitateth
this duty.
+ Difficul, «. Obs. Also 5 deffykel, 6 difficull.
[? a. OldLat. dzficul (cited by Nonius from Varro) :
the Eng. word may however have been deduced
from dfficul-ty, or pronounced after the latter, in-
stead of with sibilant ¢ as in dfficdle.] = next.
Hence + Difficully adv. Ods.
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 99 Olde woundys which pat beb
deffykel to be consowdyde. 1552 Hutoet, Difficull reason,
obscuratio, obscurum argumentum., Vitfuse or difficull,
obscurus, Ibid., Difficullye, difficile. c 1645 Howerr Lett.
(1650) II. 112 Certain .. words .. accounted the difficulst in
all the whole Castilian language.
Difficult (difikzlt), a. Also 5 dyficulte, 5-6
difficulte. Comp. difficulter, sup. difficultest
(now rare). [An English formation, of which the
ending -cz/¢ is not etymologically regular: cf.
L. diffictl-is, ¥. diffictle. It has been regarded
as deduced from the sb. dzfficult-y; and it may
have arisen under the joint influence of «¢fficu/
(see prec.) and dzfficu/ty. It appeared earlier than
the adoption of dzfict/e from French, which it has
also outlived.]
1. Not easy; requiring effort or labour; occa-
sioning or attended with trouble; troublesome,
hard. a. of actions, etc.: Hard to do, perform,
carry out, or practise. Often with 27f. subject.
1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1, (1594) 42 Good
beginnings in all great matters are alwaies the difficultest
part ofthem. 1598 Haktuyr Voy. I. 212 (R.) Things diffi-
culte [they] haue made facile. 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa
1. 149 Necromancers. .their arte is exceeding difficult. 1608
D. T. Ess. Pol, §& Mor. 19 b, How difficult a thing it is, to
love, and to be wise, and both at once. 1666 BoyLr O7ig.
Formes §& Qual., The greatest and difficultest Changes.
1676-7 Marveti Corr. cclxxv. (1872-5) II. 504 It is much
difficulter for you to have obtained an injunction, than to
retain it. 1751 JoHNsSOoN Rawebler No. 172 P14 Virtue is
sufficiently difficult with any circumstances. 1799 Kirwan
Geol, Ess. 10 [Vheir] difficult solubility in water. 1860
Mottey Nether. (1868) I. i. 1 It is difficult to imagine a
more universal disaster. 1876 Moztey Univ. Seri. ix.
(1877) 195 Generosity to an equal is more difficult than
generosity to an inferior,
b. of the object of an action. Const. zf:
(now usually act., less freq. Zass.), or with of or zn
before a noun expressing the action; also with
the action contextually implied (=hard to pass,
reach, produce, construct, or otherwise deal with.)
cx400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 99 To consowde olde woundes
whiche pat ben difficult (47S. B. deffykel] to be consowded.
[bid. 105 Pe cheke be constreyned and difficulte of mevynge.
1sog Hawes Past. Pleas. x. iv, If apparaunce Of the cause
..Be hard and difficulte in the utteraunce. 1651 Hoppers
Leviath, wu. xxxvii. 233 The thing ..is strange, and the
naturall cause difficult to imagine. 1734 tr. Rodlin’s Anc.
Hist. (1827) VII. xvu. vii. 203 A river very difficult, as well
in regard to its banks as to the marshes on the sides of it.
1749 Fieipinc Jom Fones vu. vi, The real sentiments of
ladies were very difficult to be understood. | 1793 SMEATON
Edystone L. Ded. 4 A plain and simple building, that has
nevertheless been acknowledged to be, in itself, curious,
difficult, and useful. 1814 Worpsw. Excursion vy. 492
Knowledge. .is difficult to gain. 1850 M‘Cosu Div. Govt.
1. ii, (1874) 29 This is a difficult question to answer. 1860
Tynpatt GZac. 1. viii. 58 In some places I found the crevasses
difficult. 1870 Yeats Nat. Hist. Comm. 89 Markets are
so difficult of access. z
ce. Hard to understand; perplexing, puzzling,
obscure.
_ 1556 Aurelio §& Isab, (1608) G vj, If youre difficulte speak-
inge overcome me. 1612 Brinstey Lud. Lit. 46 The
difficultest things in their Authours. 1661 BoyLe Style of
Script. (1668) 53 Leaving out all such difficulter matters.
1858 BuckLe C7véliz. (1869) II. v. 217 Butler, one of the
most difficult of our poets. 1885 Biste (R.V.) Yer. xxxiii. 3
Great things, and difficult, which thou knowest not.
2. Of persons. arch. a. Hard to please or satisfy;
not easy to get on with; unaccommodating, exact-
ing, fastidious. A :
1589 Putrennam Eng. Poesie 1. xii. (Arb.) 44 To make him
ambitious of honour, iealous and difficult in his worships.
1663 Heatu Flagellum or O. Cr id (ed. 2) 7 Being in
his own nature of a difficult disposition. .and one that would
have due di es Ol ds him. 1734 tr. Rodlin’s
Anc. Hist. (1827) 111. 32 Children were ee accustomed
not to be nice or difficult in their eating. 1773 Gotpsm.
Stoops to Cong.t. i, VN... look out for some less difficult
admirer, 1855 THackeray Wezwcomes 11. 87 My temper is
difficult. 1889 Lowett Walton Lit. Ess. (1891)81 He [Cotton]
also wrote verses which the difficult Wordsworth could praise.
b. Hard to induce or persuade; unwilling, re-
luctant, obstinate, stubborn.
@ soz in Arnolde Chron, (1811) 81 That such persones
which were difficulte [printed difficultie] ageynst the sayd
ordre be callid afore my Lorde Mayr and Aldirmen to
reformed bi their wise exortacions. ¢1645 Howe. Lett. 1,
vi. 8, I attended him also with the Note of your Extra-
DIFFICULTY.
ordinaries, wherein I find him something difficult and dila-
tory yet. 1691 Ray Creation 1. (1701) 56 In particular I am
difficult to believe, that [etc.]. 1749 Fie-pinc 7om Yones
xiv. ii. Lady Bellaston will be as difficult to believe any
thing against one who [etc.]. 1891 L. Keiru 7he Halletts
1. xiii. 248 Sir Robert had been rather a difficult husband—
that is to say, he had occasionally taken his own way.
+ Difficult, 56. Obs. rare. [f. Dirricurt a.]
Difficulty. ;
1709 tr. Sir F. Spelman's Alfred Gt. 95 What Difficult
Elfred had to recover the Land. /d7d. 118 dts, 120.
Difficult, 7. Now /oca/. [a. obs. F. défficulter
to make difficult, f. med.L. d¢fficultare, f. difficultas
difficulty : see DirricuLTate, DIFFICILITATE. ]
+1. ¢rans. To render difficult, impede (an action,
ctc.). The opposite of Zo factitate. Obs.
@ 1608[see Dirricuttinc below]. 1678 Tempe Let. fo Ld.
Treasurer’ Wks, 1731 11. 506 ‘Those which intended to
difficult or delay the Ratification with France. @ 1698 /é7d.
Il, 484 (L.\, Having desisted from their pretensions, which
had difficulted the peace. 1818 Topp s.v. Dificultate, ‘The
late lord chancellor Thurlow was fond of using the verb
dificult; as, he difficulted the matter; but he was pro-
nounced unjustifiable in this usage. , 2
2. To put in a difficulty, bring into difficulties,
perplex, embarrass (a person). Usually pass. (Se.
and U.S.)
1686 [see DirFicuttinc below]. 1713 Wopvrow Co77. (1843)
1. 464, | would be difficulted to read the King of France ‘the
most Christian king’ to my people. 1718 /é/d. 11. 410 How
far the alterations. .may straiten and difficult some ministers
who have formerly sworn the oath, 1782 J. Brown Address
to Students (1858) 62 If you be difficulted how to act. 1813
J. Battantyne in Lockhart Ballantyne-humbug Handled
(1839) 29 This business has always been. .difficulted by all
its capital... being lent the printing-office. 1845 Busu
Resurrection 51 (Bartlett) We are not difficulted at all on
the score of the relation which the new plant bears to the
old. 1861 W. E. Aytoun AN. Siuclair 1. 155 The poor
lads might be difficulted to find meal for their porridge.
Hence Di‘fficulting v/. sd. and ffl. a.
a@ 1608 Sir F. VERE Comm. 119 Lest .. [this] might give
the enemy an alarm, to the difficulting of the enterprise.
1686 Renwick Sevw. xviii. (1776) 212 There is not a case
that can put Him to a non-plus or difficulting extremity.
+ Di-fficultate, v. Obs. rare. [f. ppl. stem of
med.L. difficult-are to render difficult, f. d¢fficelt-as
difficulty.] ¢vavs. To make difficult: = prec. 1.
r6xx Cotcr., Dificulter, to difficultate or difficilitate.
1829 SourHEY Lett. (1856) 1V. 161 The circumstances which
facilitated or difficultated (if I may make such a word for the
nonce) the introduction of Christianity.
Difficultly (di fikeltli), adv. [f Dirricutr a.
+-Ly 2. Formerly very frequent in literary use;
now rather avoided, and in speech rarely used;
in sense 1, ‘with difficulty’ is usually substituted.]
1. In a difficult manner, not easily, hardly ; with
difficulty.
1558 in Strype Amz. Ref. I. App. iv. 4 Ireland .. will be
very difficultly stayed in their obedience. 1624 Scorr Vox
Coeli 6 Our posterity will difficultly beleeue it. 1646 S.
Botton Arraignm. Err. 47 Castles, and forts, and strong
holds, they are hardly conquered, difficultly overcome.
1654 H. L’EstranceE Chas. / (1655) 1 He..was_ none of the
gracefullest of Orators, for his words came difficultly from
him. ar Barrow Sevm. Wks. 1716 I. 5 A possession of
trifles .. difficultly acquired and easily lost. 1685 BoyLr
Leffects of Mot. vi. 66 The Mountain Carpathus. .said to be
much more steep and difficultly accessible than any of the
Alps. 1718 Pripeaux Connect. O. & N. 7. u. i.
Gorgias difficultly escaping fled to Marisa, 1784 J. Keir
Dict. Chem. 97 The vapours. .are very elastic, and difficultly
condensable. @ 1843 SoutHEy Doctor ccxxi. (1862) 594
Diseases .. difficultly distinguishable by their symptoms.
1875 Ruskin ors Clavig. V. 37 No. 50 The difficultly recon-
cileable merits of old times and new things. 1879 RuTLEY
Study Rocks x. 87 Labradorite fuses readily .. anorthite is
more difficultly fusible.
b. In a way hard to understand ; obscurely.
1881 Pertie Guazzo’s Civ. Conv. u. (1586) 62 It is a thing
as blame worthie to speake dissolutelie, as to speake diffi-
cultlie. 1875 A. J. Swinpourne Picture Logic ix. 58 Things
seem to me to be put so difficultly in books. :
ce. To a difficult degree; so as to be difficult of
access, passage, etc.
1872 C. Kine Mountain. Sierra Nev. iv. 88 We found the
ice-angle difficultly steep; but made our way successfully
along its edge. oa ‘ fet
d. In a difficult position ; in a condition of em-
barrassment. (Cf. DIFFICULTY 2 c.)
1886 P. O. Hurcuinson Diary 7. Hutchinson I. 430
These unfortunate people were very difficultly placed.
+2. Unwillingly, reluctantly. Ods.
1551 Rosinson tr. More's Utop. u.(Arb.) 99, I knowe howe
difficultlie and hardelye I meselfe would haue beleued. 1614
LopceE Seneca 2 Hath .. either .. denied, or promised but
difficultly .. with strained and reproachful words. 1677
Otway Cheats of Scapin u. i, How easily a miser swallows
a load, and how difficultly he disgorges a grain.
+Di-fficultness. Oés. rare. [f. as prec. +
-NESS.] The quality of being difficult ; difficulty.
1560 P. Wuirenorne tr. Macchiavelli’s Arte of Warre
(1573) 70 b Such difficultnesse is necessarie. 1580 FRAMPTON
Dial. Yron § Steele 170 It toke away the difficultnesse of
the swallowing downe. 1644 Dicsy 7wo 7 reatises (1645)
u. 77 The difficultnesse of this subject..would not allow us
that liberty. : ;
Difficulty (difikzlti). Also 4-6 dyff-, -te, 5-6
-tee, -tye, 0-7 -tie. [ad. L. difficultds, -tatem
(f. dif-, Dis- + facultas Facuury), perh. immed.
through OF. or AF. difficulté. :
DIFFICULTY.
In OF, the word is as yet recorded only of rsthe. ; it
have been in earlier use apr yee m9 5 rad the Engligh stows 4
which was common before 1 may have been formed
directly from L., on the type of the many existing words in
té ing to L. words in -fas, e.g. powreté, pureté.)
1. The quality, fact, or condition of being diffi- |
cult; the character of an action that requires labour
or effort ; hardness to be accomplished ; the oppo-
site of ease or facility.
1382 Wycuir Num. xx. 19 No difficulte shal be in the
prijs. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xii. ii. (1495) 409 YE
..the Egle hath thre LS a she throwyth oute one f her
neste for dyffyculte of fedyng. c14g0 St. Cuthbert Surtees)
109 ie sonn with grete difficulte Gart his fader monke
to be, 1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) 11. 786 He
speedily without any difficultie .. brought the matter to a
good conclusion. 1667 Mitton ?. L. 11. 449 Ifaught..in the
shape Of difficulty or danger could deterre Me. 1719 De
For Crusoe (1840) I. viii. 139, 1 had no great difficulty to cut
itdown. 1759 Rosertson //ist. Scot. 1. 11. 134 Nor was this
reconcilement a matter of difficulty. 1 Junius Lett. xii.
208, I have been deterred by the difficulty of the task. 1797 -
he walked with difficulty. 1860
Mrs. Rancutrre /talian i,
Tynpatt Glac. 11. x. 283 ‘The difficulty of thus directing a
chain over crevasses and ridges. 1875 Jowett P/a/o (ed. 2)
I. 261 Socrates has no difficulty in showing that virtue is a
‘ood
£4 .
b. Said of the object of an action (the nature of
which is contextually implied: cf. Dirricu.tr
a. 1b).
1747 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. V. 103 The Length and Diffi-
culty of the Bay. Mod. The steepness and difficulty of the
direct path. A route of considerable difficulty.
e. The quality of being hard to understand ;
perplexing character, obscurity.
1529 More Supflic. ag 4 Wks. 321/1 Because that of
the difficultie of his (St. Paul's) writing thei catch some-
time some matter of contencion. 1644 Mitton Educ. Wks.
(1847) 100/1 If the language be difficult. .it is not a difficulty
above their years. 1860 Farrar Orig. Lang. i. 21 The diffi-
culty and obscurity of the phrase.
2. with a and f/. A particular instance of this
quality ; that which is difficult. a. A thing hard
to do or overcome ; a hindrance to action.
a1619 DaniEL Funeral Poem (R.), Nor how by mastering
difficulties so.. He bravely came to disappoint his foe.
a@1716 Soutn (J.!, They mistake difficulties for impossi-
bilities. 1775 Burke Corr. (1844) II. 53, I see, indeed,
many, many difficulties in the way. 1856 Froupe ///st.
Eng. (1858) I. ii. 130 As difficulties gathered round him, he
encountered them with the increasing magnificence of his
schemes. 1880 Geikie Phys. Geog. iv. 232 A difficulty may
sometimes be felt in understanding how [etc.]. 1893 Wests.
Gaz. 13 Feb. 1/2 To parade difficulties is the delight of the
pedant; to grapple with them is the task of the statesman.
Mod. Vhe children, I admit, are a difficulty.
b. Something hard to understand; a perplexing
or obscure point or question.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Friar’s T. Prol. 8 Ye han her touchid ..
In scole matier gret difficulte. a1go0o Chester P/. (1892)
118 Discussing this difficulty. 1§77 tr. Buddinger’s Decades
(1592) 29 There is no cause for anye man by reason of a
few difficulties, to dispaire to attaine to the true vnder-
standinge of the Scriptures. R. L'Estrance Fables
No. 494 (1708) I. 540 When People have been Beating their
Brains about a Difficulty, and find they can make Nothing
on't. 1770 Beattie Ess. Truth u.i. § 1 (R.), Let us see,
then, whetne .. we can make any discovery preparatory to
the solution of this difficulty. @ 1843 ] H. Newman /ar.
Serm., Chr. Myst. (1868) 1. 211 Difficulties in revelation are
especially given to prove the reality of our faith.
ec. An embarrassment of affairs; a condition in
which action, co-operation, or progress is difficult ;
a trouble; often spec. a pecuniary embarrassment.
(Usually in 7.)
1705 Avpison /taly (J.\, They lie under some difficulties,
by reason of the emperour’s displeasure, who has forbidden
their manufactures. a 2735 Burnet Own Times 1. 346 The
king was under no difficulties by anythirig they had done.
1831 Fr. A. Kemsre ¥rv/. in Rec. Girlhood (1878) II. 68
Mr Brunton. is in ‘difficulties’ (civilized plural for debt).
1861 Smites Engineers Il. 142 A serious difficulty occurred
between him and his wife on this ver int, which ended
in a separation, 1885 Law Times LRXIX. 173/2 In Dec,
1867 the company fell into difficulties, 1886 7% Cat xix.
254 Come to me if you .. are in any difficulty or trouble.
3. Reluctance, unwillingness (see Dirricuir a.
2b); demur, objection. Ods. exc. in phr. fo make
a difficulty or difficulties, now associated with
2a; formerly +/o0 make difficulty, i.e. to show
reluctance.
1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 795 The Protector |
_ reat difficultie to come to them. 1548 Hatt Chron.,
en.
~ or difficultee. @1608 Sir F. Vere Comm. 119 Her Majesty...
with some difficulty (as her manner was) granted the men to
belevied. 1687 T. Smrrn in Magd. Coll,\Oxf. Hist. Soc.) 18 |
Hee making severall difficult 1769 Ronertson Chas. V
Il. vi. 95 This she granted with some difficulty, 1769
Gotpsmitn Rom, Hist. (a706) II. 355 Apollonius, .made no
difficulty of comin; leg reece to Rome. eg Seren
Moab xiii. 239 y .. never made any difficulties or
demands.
Diffidation (difid#fon). Hist. Znstit. [ad.
med.L, a oa Cange), n. of action
from med.L. diffidére to distrust, f. dif, Dis-
+*-fidare to trust, keep faith: see Dery v.!] The
undoing of relations of faith, allegiance, or amity ;
declaration of hostilities; =DxFIANCE 1.
173% Cuanpter tr. Limborch's Hist. Inquis. 11. 24 Difti-
dation declares Hereticks to be ies of their Country
,70b, To obeye us without opposicion, contradiccion _
and the Empire. . When any one is declared an Heretick by |
344
the Sentence of the Judge, any Man .. seize, plunder,
and kill him. 1807 oat Hist. Ho, Austria (Bohn) I. xxx.
454 They sent a .. letter of diffidation, in which they re-
nounced their allegiance. 1818 Hattam Mid. Ages (1872)
IL. 58 The y of diffidation, or sol defi of
an enemy. 1845S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. 1. 81, The
evils attendant on the right of diffidation or private warfare
(Fehderecht). 1857 Sir F. Pavcrave Norm. & Eng. oe &
27 According to modern pri ipl Subject’s allegi
is indefeasible..but the pri islation of the T:
permitted to the vassal ., the right of diffidation—he might
undo his faith. -
Diffide (difoid), v. Now rare. [f. L. diffidtre
to distrust, be distrustful, f. dj, Dis- + fidée to
trust. Cf. DEry v.1 sense i.) intr. To want faith
or confidence ; to have or feel distrust ; 40 diffide in
(tof), to distrust. (The opposite of confide.)
I Bonner Le?. in Burnet //ist. Re/. 1. 180, I diffided
in the justness of the matter. cr Linpesay (Pitscottie)
Chron. Scot. (1728) 55 Never diffiding of good fortune. 1606
J. Hynp Eliosto Libidinoso 30, 1..wish thee not to diffide.
1624 Fisner in F, White Ref/. Fisher 115 Not to seeme to
diffide . .of your Maiesties iudgement. 1697 Drypen incid
x1, 636 If in your arms thus early you diffide. a 1806
C.J. Fox Reign Yames 11. (1808) 32
remote .. wise men generally diffide in their own judgment.
mre J. Donovan Catech. Council of Trent (1855) 517 And
diffiding entirely in ourselves, we shall seek refuge .. in
R. W. Hamitton Pop. Educ. i.
We
may
Lewid
11
the mercy of God.
7.We speak not now of certain affirmed calculations.
diffide in them. -
+b. with clause. Obs.
1647 H. More Cupid's Conflict \xxvii, To. .diffide Whether
our reasons eye be clear enough. @1713 Ettwoop Axto-
biog. (1885) 257 Which of us can now diffide That God will
us defend?
+e. trans. To distrust, doubt. Oés.
1678 R. Barctay Afol. Quakers ii. § 14.62 So would I
not have any reject or diffide the Certainty of that Unerring
Spirit. 1678 Cupwortu /ntel/. Syst. 779 Alwaies fluctu-
ating about them [Incorporeals] and diffiding them,
Horneck Crucif. Yesus xxii. 658 How basely hast thou
diffided this providence !
Hence Diffi'ding vé/. sh., distrusting.
1657 G. Starkey /Helmont’s Vind. 149 It is a great diffiding
in God's mercy.
+ Diffidelity. 00s. rare—'. [f. dif-, Dis- +
Five ry, after zufidelity.] Disbelief, unbelief.
1659 Futter Aff. /nj. Innoc. 1. 61 Parcel-Diffidelity in
matters of such nature, I am sure is no sin.
Diffidence (di‘fidéns). [ad. L. diffidentia
want of confidence, mistrust, distrust, f. diffident-
em, pr. pple. of diffid-cre to distrust : see DIFFIDE
and -ENCE. Cf. obs. F. diffidence, -ance, 16-1 7th
c. in Godef.] (The opposite of CONFIDENCE.)
1. Want of confidence or faith ; mistrust, distrust,
misgiving, doubt. Now rare or Obs.
1 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 94 Bycause we put
diffedence or mistrust in God. 1548 Hat Chron., Edw. 1V,
208 b, King Edward beyng..in diffidence of reysyng any
army .. departed. 1595 Suaks. ¥ohn 1. i. 65 Thou dost
shame thy mother, And wound her honor with this diffi-
dence. 1614 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 684 Away with
these weake diffidences. 1614 T. Jackson Comment, Creede
i. 251 Distrust or diffidence to Gods promises. 1641 J.
Suute Sarah & Hagar (1649) 33 Diffidence in the promise
of God. 1 Mitton Lzkon. xii. (1851) 436 Hee had
brought the Parlament into so just a diffidence of him,
as that they durst not leave the Public Armes at his
disposal. 1712 Pore Let. to Steele 15 July, Sickness ..
teaches us a diffidence in our earthly state. 1741 RicHarp-
son Pamela (1742) 1V. 271 Since that Time, ve alwa:
had some Diffidences about her. 1818 Jas. Mint A77t.
India Il. vy. v. 549 A diffidence..of his judgment or his
virtue, 1823 Lincarp //ist. Eng. VI. 65 His former refusal
.. proceeded .. from diffidence in the sincerity of his ally.
1838 Emerson Addr., Lit. Ethics Wks. (Bohn) II, 206 The
diffidence of mankind in the soul has crept over the American
mind.
2. Distrust of oneself; want of confidence in one’s
own ability, worth, or fitness; modesty, shyness of
disposition.
(165 Hosses Leviath. 1. vi. 25 Constant Des , Diffi-
dence of our selves. @ 1683 Sipney Disc. Govt. iti. § 40 (1704)
394 Every one ought to enter into a just diffidence of him-
self.) 1709 Pore “ss. Crit. 567 Speak, tho’ sure, with seem-
ing didfdence. 1798 Ferriar Tihast : Sterne i, 12 The diffi-
of Erasmus prevented him from assuming that title.
dence
x Macautay Ess., W. Hastings (1854) 646/1 With great
diffidence, we give it as our opinion, 1 TROLLoPE
Orley F. xxxii. (ed. 4) 229 She had aid aside whatever
diffidence may have afflicted her earlier years, and now was
able to speak out her mind,
+ Diffidency. 0s. [f. as prec.: see -ENCY.]
= DIrFIpENce; distrust, mistrust.
Prange gag ne gens gee vey, To ag
t 10us 8.
oy Wecutmar Ph. Dealer 1. i, He has the courage of
men in despair, yet the di and caution of Cowards.
1694 F. Brace Disc. Paradles xiii. 450 He .. prays with
great diffidency, and distrust of prevailing. apa Ricuano-
son Clarissa (1811) III. i. oe diffidencies, like night-fogs
before the sun, disperse at her approach,
Diffident (<i-fidént), a. [ad. L. diffident-em,
pr. pple. of diffidére to mistrust ; see Dirripg, and
-ENT. (The opposite of CONFIDENT.)]
1. Wanting confidence or trust (2) ; distrustful,
;: ef mistrustful, diffident, a 1618
Di \
Pe Mahomet (63207 In the pores of his people
he was somewhat diffident. @1631 Donne Serm. xii. 114
A fainting and a diffident Spirit. 1667 Micron P, L.
ith regard to facts |
EM ag Nate 2 sponge _ 1873 Symonps Grk. Poets v. 141
are not are
fr pete 29 musicians,
2. Wanting in self-confidence ; distrustful of one-
self; not confident in disposition ;
Sect Be ee a ig
ride 1. ii. 42 She little knew that t tly di t
young man pa the life and soul of his mess, y
ently (di-fidéntli), adv. [f. prec. + -Ly 2.]
In a diffident manner, with distrust or self-distrust.
(?)1613 State Trials, C' tess of Essex (1816) 11. 831 He found
it to be uncertainly and diffidently set down. 1730-6 Baitey
(folio), MAA Se Be mg He eg poe E 1741 Ricnarp-
son Pamela (1742) LI. 169, I ed, I suppose, 4 little diffi-
dently. x unesee Eng. Traits, Manners Wks. (Bohn)
II. 46 Don’t creep about diffidently ; make up your mind.
+ Di-fiden ess. Obs. rare—°. [f. as prec.
+-NESS.] = DIrFIDENCE.
in Baitey vol. II. 1775 in Asn.
e, obs. form of Dery.
+ Diffi'nd, v. Obs. rare—°. [ad. L. diffind-tre
to cleave asunder, f. di/-, Dis- + findére to cleave.]
1727 apaet vol. II, To Diffind, to cut or cleave asunder.
rT in SH.
ne, -ition, etc., obs. ff. DEFINE, etc.
+ Diffinish, -isse, v. Ols.: see DEFINISH.
+ Diffi'ssion. Os. rare. [ad. L. —
em, n. of action f. diffindére to cleave asunder.]
I Baitey vol. II, Difission, a cleaving asunder,
“xed, pa. pple. Obs. rare—°, [f. dif-,
Dis- + L. fixus, FIXep.]
1727 Baitey vol. II, Diffixed, loosened, unfastened.
+ ‘te,v. Obs. [f. L. difiat- ppl. stem of dif-
Jlareto blow apart, disperse by blowing, f.dz/-, Dis-
+flare to blow.] trans. To blow apart or away.
1620 Venner Via Recta (1650) 311 Thereby..vaporous
and rheumatick superfluities are discussed and difflated.
+ Diffla'tion. Ods. [n. of action f. L. diflare,
difflat-: see prec. Cf. obs. F. difflation Cotgr.]
Blowing asunder, or dispersing by blowing.
-— Skryne The Pest (1860) 18 Purgation is perfitit .. be
.. fasting, and difflatioun. Newton Health Mag. 76
Convenient refrigeration and difflation of 1620
Venner Via Recta (1650) 301 Hindering the aifflation and
dissipation of vaporous fumes.
b. In early Chemistry : see quot. 1706.
1662 J. Cuanpter Van Helmont’s Oriat.247 A substance
scarce capable of diflation or blowing away. 1706 Paittirs
(ed. Kersey) Diffation ..a Term usd by some Chymists,
when Spirits raised by heat, are blown with a kind of Bel-
lows, into the opposite Camera or Arch of the Furnace, and
there found congealed. 1763 W. Lewis Commerc. Phil.
Techn, 211 Difflation of the antimonial metal.
Diffloryssh, var. of DerLourisn v. Obs.
Diffluan (diflwen). Also difiuan. . Chem.
mod.f.L. diflu-cre to flow away, dissolve + -\N
. 2.] Achemical compound, obtained, as a loose
white very soluble powder of bitter saline taste, by
the action of heat on a solution of alloxanic acid.
1847 Turner's Elem, Chem. (ed. 8) 787 Difluan, this~
compound is found in the liquid which has ited the
leucoturic acid. 1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem. I. 138 s. v.
gee agent gle yo
lecom) y ing, car! an! ing abun-
dantly evolved, and two new bodies formed, one of which..
difluan, remains in solution, but may be precipitated by
alcohol. /é#d. II. 322 Diffluan, : k
Diffluence (di‘fivéns). [f. Drrrivenz, or its
L. source; see -ENoR. Cf, mod.F. diffluence.]
1. The action or fact of flowing apart or abroad ;
dispersion by flowing. Also fig.
2033 FLeTcner io b hy a! Their beg earn
t with lavish difflu ‘as none, or in
langer spent wi ence, bath if
time of — exigence. Biount
ence, a looseness, a flowing
or abroad. 1816 G.
Faner Orig. Pagan Idol. a 4 Such a confluence and dif-
fae eae cs
lens dilvanes of motion that goes by that name [dancing].
2. Dissolution into a liquid state; del ce ;
~ in Biol, the peculiar mode of dissolution or
isintegration of Infusoria, called by Dujardin
‘molecular effusion’,
1847-9 Topp ee Anat. IV. 712/1 Softening may vary
from simple fla! eas to 8 state appuoaching. ¢ uence.
1861 J. R. Gi Man. Anim, Kingd., Calent. 52 Such
dt Secs cooaicuy: Naccen Canabed the
method denominated ‘ diffluence *.
+ Diffluency. . [f. as prec. : see
-ENCY.] Diffluent condition ; ‘ity of flowing
out in at ne. rr rei
1646 Sir T. Browne Psend. Ep. 11. i. 50 Ice is only water
by the frigidity of the it acquireth
peg ony aha. but poral haat ie bl or determination of
its diffluency. es
DIFFLUENT.
Diffluent (di flwént), a. [ad. L. difluent-em,
pr. pple. of azfu-ére to flow apart or away, f. dif,
Dis- 1 + fluére to flow. Cf. mod.F. difiuent.]
Characterized by flowing apart or abroad; fluid;
deliquescent. Also fig.
a1618 Sytvester Vobacco Battered 626 Yet over-moist
{Brain}, againe Makes it [Memory] so laxe, so diffluent and
thin, That nothing can be firmly fixt there-in. 1642 ANNE
Brapstreet Poems (1678) 33 What’s diffluent I do consoli-
date. 1647 Trape Comm, Luke xvii.8 A loose, discinct, and
diffluent mind is unfit to serve God, 18x W. Taytor in
Monthly Rev. UXV. 228 Speech is confluent, rather than
diffluent. 1851-9 Owen in A/Zan, Sc. Eng. 365 Their soft
organic substance is commonly diffluent. 1880 Gray in Nat.
Sc. & Relig. 14 A formless, apparently diffluent and struc-
tureless mass.
+ Diffluous, @. Obs. rare—°.
flowing asunder, overflowing (f. d¢/lu-cvre: see Dir-
FLUENT) + -0US.] = DIFFLUENT.
1727 Battey vol. II, Diffuous, flowing forth, abroad or
several Ways. | c
+ Difflu‘xive, a. Ods. rare—'. [f. L. diflux-
ppl. stem of diffludére (see DIFFLUENT) + -IVE.]
hat flows in different or all directions.
1653 H. More Antid. Ath, i. ix. (1712) 166 What the
Wind, join’d with no statick power but loose and diffluxive,
can do in shaking houses.
+ Diffo'de, v. Obs. rare. [ad. med.L. diffod-ére
(Joannes de Janua Cathol.) to dig out, f. L. dif,
Dis- 1 + fodére to dig. (Thence OF. desfoucr, dé-
foutr to dig out.)] trans. To dig out, excavate.
1657 TomLinson Renon’s Disp. gt When a ditch is diffoded
in the earth. 1657 Physical Dict., Diffoded, digged, as a
hole or ditch is digged in the earth,
+ Difform (diff1m), a. Ods. Also 6 dyfforme.
ee med. or mod.L. dform-is dissimilar in form,
. af-, Dis- 4) + forma shape.]
1, Of diverse forms ; differing in form.
1547 Recorpe Fudic. Ur. 14b, The dyfforme facyon of
the urinall. 1548 — Urin. Physick ix. (1651) 68 Other
difform contents there be also. 1660 Bovte New Exp.
Phys. Mech, xxxvi. 300 The dif-form consistence .. of the
Air at several distances from us. 1672 Newton in PAil.
Trans. V1. 5087 A confused Mixture of difform qualities.
1677 GaLeE Crt, Gentiles 1v. 38 The pleasures of the multi-
tude are difforme and repugnant to each other.
2. Without symmetry or regularity of parts; not
uniform ; of irregular form.
1644 Dicey Nat. Bodies 1. xvii. (1658) 193 What a difform
net with a strange variety of mashes wou'd this be? 1693
Phil, Trans. XVI. 929 A difform or Papilionaceous
Flower. 1707 S. Crarke 37d § 4th Defence (1712) 7 If the
Parts be dissimilar, then the Substance is difform or Hetero-
geneous. 1845 Whitehall iv. 19 A huge difform mass of
steel and adamant.
+ Difform, v. Ods. rare. Also 5 defourme.
{a. OF. difformer (16th c.in Godef.), or ad. med.L.
difformare, f. med.L. difformis : see prec.] trans.
To bring out of conformity or agreement: the op-
posite of CONFORM Z. 2.
¢1380 Wycuir Serm, Sel. Wks, II. 150 Hereinne shulde
ech man sue Crist. .and 3if he be contrarie herto, he synnep,
difformed [v.7. defourmyd] fro Cristis wille.
Difform(e, -ourme, etc., obs. ff. DrForM, etc.
+ Difformed, 7//. a. Obs. rare. [f. as Dir-
FORM @.+-ED.] Diversely or irregularly shaped.
1665 Wess Stone-Heng (1725) 145 Tumuli were. .set about
. with petty and difformed Blocks of broken Craggs.
+ Difformity (diffmiti), Ods. [a. F. diffor-
mité (1520 in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. med.L. déformetas,
f. difformis differing in form: see DIFFoRM a.]
1. Difference or diversity of form; want of uni-
formity between things.
isz0 Patscr. /ntrod. 18 To avoyde all maner difformyte.
1580 Hottypanp Treas. Fr. Tong, Absurdité, difformitie,
vnlikenesse. ¢ 1630 Jackson Creed w. u, v. Wks. III. 273
This difformity was most apparent in their works .. for
destitute of all good works most of them were not, but only
of uniformity in working. 1646 Jer. Taytor /xtem/p.
Prayer (T.), There must [thus] needs be infinite difformity
in the publick worship. 1748 Hartitey Odserv. Max I. 1.
17 The Difformity of Seaton 1857 Wess /xfellectualism
ocke vii. 126 Locke .. resolves all knowledge into a per-
er of the ‘conformity’ or ‘difformity’ of Ideas.
. Divergence in form from, want of conformity
with or to (a standard).
1565 T. Stapteton Forty. Faith 138b (T.), In respect of
uniformity with the primitive church, as of difformity. 1640
P. pu Moutin Leét. Fr. Prot. to Scotchm. Covt. 4 Among
all the reformed Churches .. there is neither deformity nor
difformity in that point. 164 Maisterton Sevm. 7 To
judge of their conformity or difformity thereunto, 1646 Sir
. Browne Pseud, Ep, 1. xi. 48 They. .doe tacitely desire
in them a difformitie from the primitive rule. 1677 GALE
Crt. Gentiles 1. 45 In their conformitie to .. or difformitie
from. .the ect measure of morals.
+ Difforrmness. Ods. rare.
-NESS.] =prec.
1548 Recorpve Urin. Physick xi. re The difformenes [ed.
ee and disagreing of the partes of it together.
ifforse, obs. f. DEFORCE v. (sense 4).
€1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Theodera 569 Theodorus .. Our
childe difforsit & it [pe barne] gat.
Diffoule, diffowl, var. Drroun Ods.
Diffound, obs. form of Dirrunp.
Diffra‘ct, a. Bot. [ad. L. diffract-us broken in
pieces: see next.] Of lichens: ‘Broken into areolx
with distinct interspaces.’ Syd. Soc, Lex. 1883.
Vot, III,
[f Drrrorm a. +
[f. L. dflu-us |
845
Diffract (difre kt), v. [f. L. diffract-, ppl.
stem of a¢ffring-ére to break in pieces, shatter, f.
dif-, Dis- 1 + frangére to break.] trans. To
break in pieces, break up; in Oftzcs, To deflect
und break up (a beam of light) at the edge of an
opaque body or through a narrow aperture or slit;
to affect with Dirrraction. Also fig.
1803 Younc in Phil. Trans. XCIV. 2 These fringes were
the joint effects of the portions of light passing on each side
of the slip of card, anid infected: or rather diffracted, into
the shadow. 1839 Cartye Chartism i. (1858) 7 It is .. for
some obscure distorted image of right that he contends;
an obscure image diffracted, exaggerated, in the wonder-
fullest way. ;
Hence Diffra‘cted, Diffracting Ap/. adjs.
1849 H. RoGers £ss. (1860) III. 222 The diffracted ap-
pearance of various parts. 1873 ‘T'yNpALL Lect. Light ii. 92
The diffracting particles were becoming smaller. 1876 J.
Martineau Hours Th. (1877) 292 The devout [mind] ascends
beyond all diffracted or intercepted rays to the primal light
that flings them.
Diffraction (difree-kfan). [ad. mod.L. difrac-
tion-em (Grimaldi 1665), n. of action from azffrin-
gore: see prec. So F. diffraction 1666 in Hatz.-
Darm.] ~
1. Optics. The breaking up of a beam of light
(in the case of monochromatic light) into a series
of light and dark spaces or bands, or (in that of
white or other composite light) of coloured spectra,
due to interference of the rays when deflected from
their straight course at the edge of an opaque body
or through a narrow aperture or slit.
(These phenomena were formerly denoted by the name
INFLEXION; cf. also DEFLEXION 5.)
1671 Phil. Trans. V1. 3068 Light is propagated .. also by
diffraction..when the parts of Light, separated by a mani-
fold dissection, do in the same medium proceed in different
ways. 1803 Youna'/éid. XCIV. 13 The observations on the
effects of diffraction and interference. 1830 HERSCHEL Stud.
|
Nat, Phil. m1, ii. (1838) 252 The diffraction or inflection of |
light, discovered by Grimaldi,a Jesuit of Bologna. 1855 H.
Spencer Princ, Psych. (1872) II. vi. xi. 138 Only on the
theory of undulations can .. diffraction be accounted for.
1860 T'yNDALL Glac. 1. xxii. 154 All the hues produced by
diffraction were exhibited in the utmost splendour. 1878
J. D. STEELE Physics 126 If we hold a small needle close
to one eye and look toward the sun we see several needles.
This is caused by diffraction.
b. Acoustics, An analogous phenomenon occur-
ring in the case of sound-waves passing round the
corner of a large body, as a house.
2. In etymol. sense: Breaking in pieces, break-
age, monce-use.
1825 CoLERIDGE Aids Ref. (1848) I. 286 There being. .no
facts in proof of the contrary, that would not prove equally
well the cessation of the eye on the removal or diffraction
of the eye-glass.
3. attrib, (in sense 1), as diffraction band, fringe,
spectrum, etc.; diffraction grating, a plate of
glass or polished metal ruled with very close equi-
distant parallel lines, producing a spectrum by dif-
fraction of the transmitted or reflected light.
1863-72 Watts Dict. Chet. 111. 608 Barton’s buttons, which
are metallic buttons having very fine lines engraved on their
surfaces .. exhibit magnificent diffraction spectra. 1867 G.
F. Cuampers A stron. x. iii.(1877) 847 A diffraction grating.
1868 Lockyer Guillemin's Heavens (ed. 3) 496 Observing the
image of a large star out of focus. If..the diffraction rings
are not circular, the screws of the cell should be carefully
loosened [etc.] 1873 Tynpat Lect, Light ii. 91 The street-
lamps .. looked at through the meshes of a handkerchief,
show diffraction Tatars 1890 C. A. Younc Elem.
Astron. vi. § 193 ‘The essential part of the apparatus [spec-
troscope] is either a prism or train of prisms, or else a
diffraction ‘ grating’.
Diffractive (difrektiv), @ [f. L. diffract-
ppl. stem (see Drrrract v.) + -IvE. In mod.F.
atffractzf, -ive.] Tending to diffract.
1829 Cartyte Misc., Voltaire (1872) II, 120 Through what-
— dim, besmoked and strangely diffractive media it may
shine.
Hence Diffra‘ctively adv.,
manner; by diffraction.
1883 W. B. Carpenter in Encycl. Brit. XVI. 268/2 s.v.
Microscope, A marked distinction between .. objectives of
low or moderate power .. worked dioptrically, and those of
high power. . worked diffractively.
[Diffranchise, -ment, erron. f. DISFRANCHISE,
-MENT. See List of Spurious Words.]
Diffrangible (difreendgib’'l), a. rare—%. [f.
L. diffring-cre, changed to diffrang-cre + -BLE.]
Capable of being diffracted. Hence Diffrangi-
bility, capacity of being diffracted.
1882 C. A. YounG Sw iii. 98 The refrangibility of a ray and
its diffrangibility, if we may coin the eee: both depend upon
the number of pulsations per second with which it reaches
the diffracting or refracting surface.
+ Diffu'de, v. Ods. rare. [irreg. f. L. diffund-
ére (perf. diffiidi) to pour forth: see Dirruse.]
1. trans. To pour away.
1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bh. Physicke 61/2 Diffude ..
that wyne & take other.
2. trans. and intr. = DIFFUSE 7. I.
Sir T. Hersert 7vav. 125 The clouds .. sometimes
e, and. .diffude to some purpose. did. 343 The bene-
volent heaven daily diffudes a gentle shower,
in a diffractive
DIFFUSE.
3. trans. To dissolve, liquefy.
1657 Tomtinson Renou's Disp. 74 Fatness, marrow. .which
with little heat (are) diffuded.
Diffugient (difizdziént), p47. a. rare—". [ad.
L. diffugtent-em, pr. pple. of diffugére to flee in
different directions, disperse, f. dz/-, Dis- 1 + fugere
to flee.] Fleeing away, dispersing.
1860 THackeray Round. Papers (1861) 102 To-morrow the
diffugient snows will give place to Spring.
+ Di-ffugous, a. Obs. rare—°. [f. L. def, dis-
+ fug-us fleeing (in refugus, etc.) : cf. prec.]
1727 Battey vol. II, Diffugous, that flieth divers Ways.
+ Diffu'nd, v. Oss. Also 5-6 diffound(e. [a.
OF. diffond-re, -fundre (15th c. in Godef.) to shed,
pour out, diffuse, ad. L. aiffundére, f. dif-, Dis- 1
+fundére to pour.] trans. To pour out or abroad,
to diffuse.
1447 BokENHAM Seyntys (Roxb.) 257 For the kynde of
lyht ys.. That... It dyffoundyth the self wyth owte inquy-
nacyoun., 1533 BELLENDEN Livy u. (1822) 156 It diffoundis
the blude be quhilk we lief.. throw all the vanis. 1574
J. Jones Nat, Beginning Grow. Things 8 \t is the mouinge
of the harte diffunded or spreade by the arteries,
Diffusable: see DirrusiBue.
Diffusate (difiz zt). Chem. [f. Dirruse v.
+ -aTE!.] The amount of salt diffused in a solu-
tion; the crystalloid portion of a mixure which
passes through the membrane in the process of
chemical dialysis.
1850 GraHam in Phil. Trans. CXL. 806 The diffusate
or quantity of acid diffused was determined by precipitating
the liquid, 1863-72 Watrs Dict, Chem. 111. 706 The amount
of salt diffused, called the diffusion-product, or diffusate, is
ascertained [etc.], 1867 J. ArrrieLp Chev. (1885) §11 The por-
tion passing through the septum is termed the diffusate, the
portion which does not pass through is termed the dialysate.
Diffuse (difizs), a. Also 5-6 dyf-, 5-7 de-.
[ad. L. aiffiis-us, pa. pple. of diffundére: see Dir-
FunD. Cf. F. difftes, -use (15th c. in Hatz.-Darm.)
perh, the immediate source ; also It. d¢ffuso.]
I. +1. Confused, distracted, perplexed; indis-
tinct, vague, obscure, doubtful, uncertain. Ods.
[This sense (as if ‘poured forth in divers contrary direc-
tions’), is not recorded in ancient L., but is found in all the
Romanic langs.: thus, It. d7fuso, defused, confused, scat-
tred (Florio), Sp. hs defused, out of order (Minsheu),
obs. F. diffuse, dyffuse, harde to be understande (Palsgr.
diffusément, disorderedly (Cotgr.).]
@ 1400 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 93 This matere is dyffuse
and obscure. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton) v. xiv. (1859) 82
I haue nat translated worde for word..because of some
thynges that were diffuse and in some place ouer derk. 1494
Fasyan Chron. 213 Whan he had longe whyle lyen at the
siege of a castel.. and sawe it was defuse to wynne by
strength. /d¢d. vil. ccxxvili. 257 The pope gaue such a de-
fuse sentence in this mater yt he lyfte y° stryfe vndeter-
myned. axs529 SKELTON P. Sfarrowe 806 It is dyf-
fuse to fynde The sentence of his mynde. ¢1560 D/al.
Secretary & Jealousy iii. (Collier), A mater to me doubtfull
and diffuse. 1572 BossEWELL Armorie 1. 55 The hounde..
hath mind of diffuse and longe waies: so that if they loose
their masters, they goe by furre space of Lands .. to theire
maisters houses againe. 1584 R. Scot Discov. Witcher.
xv. xlii. 393 Their strange names, their diffuse phrases.
1594 Carew Huarte's Exam, Wits xi. (1596) 159 Men
. feeble memory. .retaine a certaine diffuse notice of things.
1602 — Cornwall 74 b, The hurling to the Countrey, is more
diffuse and confuse, as bound to few of these orders.
II. 2. Spread out in space; spread through or
over a wide area ; widespread, scattered, dispersed :
the reverse of confined or concentrated.
arr Ken Hymnotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 III. 319 Our
Empire o’re the Universe diffuse. 1737 WHISTON Yosephis
Hist, m. x. § 7 [The water is] cooler than one would expect
in so diffuse a place as this. 1759 JoHNsoN in Boswell’s
Life note, The pomp of wide margin and diffuse typo-
graphy. a Brewster Oftics xiv. 119 Diffuse masses of
nebulous light. 1871 Tynpati Fragwz. Sc. (1879) I. y. 131
Floating matter. .invisible in diffuse daylight. 1872 Huxtey
Phys, viii. 188 They are not only diffuse, but they are sub-
jective sensations. — ; :
+b. fig. Having a wide range, extensive. Ods.
1643 Mitton Divorce To Parl. Eng., Men.. of eminent
spirit and breeding, joined with a diffuse and various
knowledge of divine and human things. z
ec. Bot. ‘Applied to panicles and stems which
spread and branch indeterminately, but chiefly
horizontally’ (Syd. Soc, Lex. 1883).
1775 H. Rose Elem. Bot.71 A panicle is said to be diffuse
when the partial footstalks diverge. 1861 Miss Pratt
Flower. Pl. IV. 132 Diffuse Toad-flax. 1870 Hooker Stud,
Flora 18 Fumaria officinalis. .diffuse. j K
d. Path. Applied to diseases which widely
affect the body or organ, in contradistinction to
those which are circumscribed.
1807-26 S. Cooper First Lines Surg. (ed. 5) 57 To some
cases ..the name of diffuse inflammation in the cellular
membrane has been lately applied. 1874 Roosa Dis. Ear
(ed. 2) 120 Diffuse inflammation of the external auditory
canal. 1877 Ericusen Surg. I. 14 Tendency to erysipelas,
pyzmia, and low and diffuse inflammations generally,
e. Embryol. Applied to a form of non-deci-
duate placenta in which the villi are scattered.
1888 Rotteston & Jackson Anim, Life 367 The non-de-
ciduate placenta is either diffuse, when the villi are scattered
+, or cotyledonary, when they'are aggregated into patches.
3. Of a style of writing or speech: Using many
words to convey the sense; extended, wordy, ver-
bose: the opposite of concise or condensed.
44*
>
DIFFUSE.
tion of the E tongue, w is too diffuse, and daily
ws more more enervate. 1783 Potr Chirurg. Wks.
I. 194 Some parts of them will
prolix and diffuse.
1815 Jane Austen Emma 1. vii, "foo stron; i
not diffuse enough for a woman, 1842 H.
Burke's Wks. 47 His style is always full. .and in many places
even diffuse. 1868 Pref. to Digby's Voy. Medit. 22
who as a writer is always diffuse, dwells upon the wi
Diffuse (difizz), v. Also 6-7 defuse. [f. L.
diffiis-, ppl. stem of fo ma to pour out or away:
see Dirrunp. Cf. F. diffuser (15th c. in Hatz.-
Darm.)
I. +1. “rans. To pour out as a fluid with wide
dispersion of its molecules ; to shed. Obs.
1598 Fiorio, Diffondere, to defuse, to shed. 1610 Suaks,
Temp. w. i. 79 Who, with thy saffron wings, vpon -
flowres Diffusest hony drops, refreshing showres. 1634 W.
Tirwuvt tr. Balzac’s Lett. 400 A place whereon Heaven
defuseth all its Graces. 1734 tr. Rollin’s Anc. //ist. (1827)
I. Pref. 4 [This] diffuses great light over the history of those
nations,
2. To pour or send forth as from a centre of dis-
persion; to spread abroad over a surface, or through
a space or region; to spread widely, shed abroad,
disperse, disseminate. a. (material things, or phy-
sical forces or qualities).
1590 Srenser F. Q. 11. ii. 4 The ..veneme..Their blood ..
infected hath, Being diffused through the senceless tronck.
1601 Hottanp Pliny 1. 312 The vitall vertue in them. .is..
speed and defused throughout the whole body. 1627 May
Lucan 1X, (1631) 606 Those trees no shadow can diffuse.
1654 Warren Undelievers 95 The Head diffuseth nerves to
the several members. 1669 Gace Crt. Gentiles 1.1. v.27 The
Phenicians .. began to diffuse themselves throughout the
whole of the Midland Sea. 1711 Pore Temp. Fame 308
From pole to pole the winds diffuse the sound. 1752
Jounson Rambler No. 190? 6 Diffuse thy riches among thy
friends. 1791 Hamitton Berthollet's Dyeing 11. u. iii. i. 142
Hot water in which cow’s dung has n diffused. 1815
Suettey Demon World 227 Ten thousand spheres diffuse
Their lustre through its adamantine gates. 1860 TyNpaLt.
Glac. 1. vii. 260 The colours of the sky are due to minute
particles diffused through the atmosphere.
b. (immaterial or abstract things).
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 31 The charite of God is
diffused & spred in our hertes. Bramuate Reflic. vi.
279 The true Catholick Church, diffused over the World.
1689 SHapwett Bury F. 1, His fame is diffus'd throughout
the town. 1814 D'Israeti tage fl Auth, (1867) 363 Dif-
fusing a more general taste for the science of botany. 1839
James Louis X/V, 111. 114 A general rumour began to
diffuse itself through the court. 1852 Masson /’ss. i. (1856) 32
A heartless man does not diffuse geniality and kindness
around him, as Goethe did.
ec. fig. The reverse of collect or concentrate; to
dissipate.
1608-11 Br. Hatt Medit. & Vows 1. § 79 The one gathers
the powers of the soule together. .the other diffuses them.
1752 Jounson Rambler No. 190 ® 9 Determined to avoid a
close union. .and to diffuse himself in a larger circle. 1887
Ruskin Preterita 11. 274 He diffused himself in serene
scholarship till too late.
3. To extend or — out (the body or limbs)
freely ; in fa. pple., Extended or spread out. arch,
and foetic.
i Mitton Samson 118 See how he lies at random, care-
lessly diffused. 1706 Watts Hore Lyr.\1779) 284 Beneath
your sacred shade diffused we lay. x J. Beresrorp
Miseries Hum. Life(1826) u. xxxiti, After having. .diffused
ourself on the sopha. 1815 Snettey Alastor 636 His
imbs did rest, Diffused and motionless, on the smooth
brink Of that obscurest chasm.
4. intr. (for ref.) To be or become diffused, to
spread abroad (/zt, and fig.).
@ 1653 [see Dirrusinc below]. 1700 S. Parker Six Philos.
Ess.51 It [the Chimist’s Fire] does not merely sustain it
self, but propagates too, and diffuses u) the ruins of its
neighbours. @171x Ken Hymnarium Poet. Wks. 1721 II.
12 Love .. Will all diffuse in Extacy. 1785 Eugenius I
192 In several other parts .. the same benevolent spirit an
moral improvement are diffusing. 1814 SourHzy Roderick
xx1, The silver cloud diffusing slowly past.
5. Physics. a. trans. To cause (gases or liquids)
to intermingle by diffusion ; to disperse by diffu-
sion. b. intr. Said of fluids: To intermingle or
interpenetrate each other by diffusion ; to pass by
diffusion. See Dirrusion 5.
a. 1808 Darton New Syst. Chem. Philos. 1. 150 Gases
always intermingle and diffuse themselves amongst each
other, if ex: ever so carefully. did. a en two
equal measures of different pes thus diffused. 1831
T. Granam in LZ. §& Z£. Phil. Mag. (1833) 11. 179 The ascent
of the water in the tube, when hydrogen is diffused, forms a
striking experiment. — in Phil. Trans. (1850) 5 The
phial was filled up with the solution to be diffu:
b. 183 Granam in LZ, §& £, Phil. Mag. (1833) I. 189 The
air does not diffuse out against so strong a pressure. 1849
— in Phil. Trans. (1850) 4 The carbonic acid found in the
u bottle, and which had diffused into it from the lower.
x Ibid. 178 Water ay rs to diffuse four times more
bo ' than alcohol. 1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene
(ed. 3) 127 Every gas diffuses at a certain rate.
II. +6. trans. To distract, perplex, disorder,
render confused or indistinct. Os. (Cf. Dirruse
a. 1; and see also DirFUSED 1.)
1605 Suaxs. Lear 1. iv. 2 If but as well (rs¢ Fodio will] I
other accents borrow, That my speech defuse.
Hence Diffu'sing ¥ - - 2
a Gouce Comm. J The Spi as a
afnstng nature, Poor ‘Nellie ( Shas She ha told
her, with diffusing ci of surprise.
igby, |
346
Diffused (difid-zd, poet. -éd), ppl. a. Also 6-7
- defused. [f. DirrusE v.+-ED!.
I. +1. Confused, distracted, disordered, obscure.
(Cf. Dirruse a. 1, Dirruse v. 6.)
1535 CoverDALE /sa. xxxiii. 19 So diffused a that
it maye not be vnderstonde. 1591 Greene /arew. Folly
Ciij b, I have seene an English gentleman so defused in his
sutes, his doublet being for the weare of Castile, his hose for
Venice, his hat for France. 1594 Suaks. Rich. ///, 1. ii. 78
Defus'd infection of man. x — Hen. V, v. ii. 6x
Lookes, defus’d Attyre, euery thing that seemes vn-
naturall. 1608 Armin Nest Ninn. (1842) 6 The whole
lumpe of this defused chaios. 1614 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat.
845 There is no divine word (as Tertullian speaketh ..) so
dissolute and defused, that emg h ad words may be de-
des set
fended, and not the true ing
II. 2. Spread abroad, widespread ; dispersed
fi “Teys Jom TP late (ed yes and borat wa
‘OWETT 0 .
delay and di which ot uaet Lares ev
- Speaker 22 Oct. /2 Notes. .written with
y-
Diffuser (difizza1). [f. Dirruse v. +-zn1.]
1. One who or that which diffuses or spreads
7 Goopwt ;
a ZT. n Wks. V.1.
ietetthe author and diffuser of tl ee 4
Mannincuam Disc. conc. Truth 32 (T.) Diffusers of secular
i 1797 W. Taytor in Monthly Rev. XX11. 545 The
principles,
| diffusers, not the inventors, of their un
over a large area; covering a wide range of ©
subjects (obs.).
1610 Heatry St. Aug. Citie of God xvi. ii. (1620) 541
Christ .. in whose houses, that is, in whose Churches,
diffused Nations shall inhabite. For laphet is diffused.
1644 Dicsy Nat. Bodies (1645) u. 123 Able to exempt them- |
selves from defused powers. entLeY Pha, Introd.
15 Galen, with all his vast and diffused —— axis
Burnet Own Time (1766) 1.81 He had a most diffused love
to all mankind. or ad Mrs. SomervitLe Connect. Phys. Sc.
xxxvii. 413 The diffused light of myriads of stars. 1882
Vines Sachs’ Bot. 748 Within two hours in direct sunlight, |
within six hours in diffused daylight.
+3. =DuirrussE a. 3. Ods.
1579 Lyty Euphues (Arb.) 64 In pleadinge [there ought
to be]..a difficulte enteraunce, and a defused [1636 diffused]
determination.
Diffusedly (difiz-zédli), adv. [f. prec. +-Ly2.]
In a diffused manner.
I. +1. Confusedly, obscurely ; disorderly. Ods.
(See Dirruse a. 1.]
1567 MarLet Gr. Forest 16 In this stone is .. seene .. the
verie forme of a Tode, with bespotted and coloured feete,
but those vglye and defusedly. 1588 Parke tr. Mendoza's
Hist. China 395 Whose memorie doth remain vnto this day
amongst the. . people, although diffusedly. @ 1625 FLETCHER
Nice Valour ui. iti, Goe not so diffusedly.
II. 2. With diffusion or spreading abroad ;
dispersedly ; with interpenetration.
1591 Percivae Sf. Dict., Difusamente, diffusedly. 1611
Corcr., (a § da, diffusedly, scatteringly. a@xzrr Ken
Hymnotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 ILI. 303 Till from th werful
Word to rude dull Mass, Life energetick should diffus'dly
pass. 1813 T. Bussy Lucretius tv. 101 Each, widely scat-
tered, and diffusedly, flies. 1884 Pa// Madi G. 13 Sept. s/t
The heavy metals. .are present, though far more diffusedly.
+b. In the wider or extended sense. Ods.
a164r Br. Mountacu Acts & Mon. 100 Taking Iudah
either restrainedly, for the Tribe .. or diffusedly, for the
nation.
+8. Diffusely; with much fullness or prolixity of
language; at large. Ods.
1594 Biunpevi. Exerc. Cont. (ed. 7) Aiv, As Monte
Regio wrote diffusedly, and at large, so Copernicus wrote
of the same briefly. 1604 T. Wricut Passions v. iv. 218 Of
this more diffusedly in my third booke. 1730 A. Gorpon
Maffei's Amphith. 193 Those who have diffusedly wrote on
Amphitheatres. 1805 Ann. Reg. 1054 [They] have also dif-
fusedly written on Brasil. 1817 J. Niwueace in Monthly
Mag. XLVI. 38 Many. .will descant most ably, diffusedly,
and elegantly, upon the superstructure.
Diffu'sedness. , as prec. + -NESS.] The
condition or quality of being diffused.
+1. Confusedness, perplexity, obscurity. Ods.
1611 Coter., Odscurité, obscuritie. . diffusednesse.
2. The quality of being widely ——.
a 1626 Br. ANprEwes Serm. (1856) I. 378 Willing to reduce
the diffused of our rep at large to the certainty of
some one set time. 1681-2 Bovte New Exp. /cy Noctiluca
46 A conjecture I had made about the great diffusedness of
the Noctilucal Matter. 1747 Epwarps Canons Crit. xxii.
(176s) 211 It is the diffusedness, or extent of her i ion
which is here described.
Diffusely (difiwsli), adv. [f. Dirruse a, +
-LY2,] In a diffuse manner.
+1. Confusedly, obscurely. Ods.
ists Barctay Lgloges u. (1570) Bivb, Diffusely thou
speakest to vnderstande, — § F
2. In a diffused or widespread manner; with wide
dispersion. fea ve ®
1552 Huvoet, Diffuse! , bea 0 owe tr. Lucan
ane (Seager) Pleas'd that r magic fame pan Med
¢ a Lanvor Wes. (tee 1. 464 The sun colours the sky
most deeply and most diffusely when he hath sunk below
the horizon. 1870 Hooker Se
calcitrapa. .diffusely b hed. L
The light is diffusely reflected from surface.
3. In many words, verbosely, copiously; fully,
at large: the opposite of concisely.
cr Weer dpecetill Bak Wee B: gpe It sufficide
to Mathew to telle .. biginnynge at Abraham. But Luk ..
tellip more diffuseli how man stiep up to God, from Adam
to be Trinite. 1662 Granvitt Lux Orient. xi. (R.), These
places have been more diffusely urged in a late d
| Petral.
1807 SouTHEY ye ance Lett. U1. 96 Women. .become
the most useful rs of their own faith. 1893 Arena
Ca Nov. 707 Promoter of purity, diffuser of sweet-
ness light
2. spec. A contrivance for diffusing air, light,
heat, etc.
1884 Health Exhib. Catal. 114/1 Patent Inlets and Air
Diffusers for Buildings. 189% 7'ruth 10 Dec. 1242/1 The
burners were shaded with the new bead ray diffusers. r804
Hi 's Mag. July 216/2 Patents have ited
‘ diffusers ', whereby the lightning is to be distributed over
a larger area than, presumably, it could find unassisted,
Diffusibility (difizzibiliti). [f Dirrusiere
+-1T¥.] Capacity of being diffused ; esp. in Phy-
sics, as a measurable quality of gases or fluids.
1813 J. Tomson Lect. /nflam. 489 On account of their
greater diffusibility in the atmosphere. [see Dirrusi-
BLE). 1861 Granam in PAil. Trans. 183 diffusibility
is not the os eee which the bodies .. in
common. 1883 Fortin. Rev. 1 Oct. 598 Influenza .. is re-
markable for its amazing diffusibility.
Diffusible (difiz-zib'l), a. Also -able. [f.
L. diffis- ppl. stem of diffundére to pour out,
DIFFUSE + -IBLE: so in mod.F.] Capable of
being diffused ; spec. in Physics, having the capa-
city, as a fluid, of spreading itself between the
molecules of a contiguous fluid.
1782 Ciark in Med. Commun. 1. 64 note, The infection. .
being of an exceedingly diffusable nature. 1794 J. Hurron
Philos. Light, etc. 151 The moveable or diffusible heat in
bodies, = which we are made to feel. 1812 Pinkerton
I. 425 It is not diffusible in cold water. 1830
Linptey Nat. Syst. Bot. 65 The volatile oil of Cajeputi is. .
ahighly diffusable stimulant. 1849 Granam in PAil. Trans.
(1850) 1 A diffusibility like that of gases, if it exists in liquids,
should aff ion and d iti
‘ord means for the
even of lly diffusible 1864 H. Spencer
| Biol. I. 19 Hydrochloric acid is seven times as diffusible as
| — of magnesia.
ence Diffu'sibleness = DIFFUSIBILITY.
1847 Craic, Diffusibleness, diffusibility.
+ Diffursile, a. Obs. rare—°. [ad. L. diffiisil-is
diffusive, f. diffiis- ppl. stem of diffundére to Dir-
FUSE.] = DIFFUSIBLE.
1727 Batey vol. Il, Diffusile, spreading.
Diffusi-meter = next.
Diffusiometer. [f L. diffisio diffusion +
-METER.] An apparatus for measuring the rate of
diffusion of gases.
1866 Granam in Phil, Trans. CLVI. The diffusio-
meter, consisting of a plain glass tube. od at the upper
end by a thin plate of stucco, and open below. 1879 Nature
XXI. 191 The diffusiometer which I have constructed.
Diffusion (difizzon). Also 6 defusion, [ad.L.
diffiision-em, n. of action from dij to pour
out: see Dirrunp. Also in mod.F. (1610 in
Hatz.-Darm.)]
+1. The action of pouring or shedding forth ;
outpouring, effusion. Ods. °
1374 [see 4]. 1626 Bacon Sylva 268 The Diffusion of
Specittol -, i 1631 Donne in Select, (1840) 49 Diffusion
2 ‘The action of spreading abroad ; the condition
of being widely spread ; dispersion through a space
or over a surface; wide general distribution.
1591 Drayton Harmonie of Church, Song of Faithfull,
He stood aloft and compares the land, the nations
doth defusion make. iS ~ Habakkuk ili. 6.] 1642 Howet.
oid ean tooo the eupee Pa sae PA. Frmns T,
ge A Medium much less disp ee ee ion of
2 OSTER orr. (i
ater alg ite” Ey
ph a ame fo
b. The condition of branching out on all sides.
@ 1682 Six T, Browne 7'racts (1684) 34 This diffusion and
spreading of its Branches. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 414
Ps A Tree in all its Luxuriancy and Diffusion of Boughs,
¢. quasi-concr. That which is extended, a dif-
fused extension or extent. we feel
a 1696 ScarsurGu Euctid (1705) 2 pace is an Infinite,
ae fm ge 1783 H. Buair Lect. xviii. Gy 4 senti-
diffusely, will barely be itted to
be just, ex concisely, admit
, will be admired as spirited.
1837 Hattam /ist, Lit. iv. ut. § 106 That great branch of
ethics..has been so di handled by the casuists..that
Grotius deserves .. credit for the brevity with which he has
laid down the simple principles.
mess (difiz'snés). [f. as prec. + -NESS.]
The quality of being diffuse; es. in speech or
literary style, the opposite of conciseness.
U Di every way. 1750 Jounson &
No, 36 ? rt The Sea is. .an immense diffusion of waters.
+d. Jn diffusion: in distribution among the
members of a beer ti 3 =DIrrusivety b;
» ‘
cee. Jem, Tavion Eplse (R., And therefore the deter
mintion of counlls pertains to all, and is handled by all,
not in diffusion \.
fe. 8 abroad, dispersion, dissemina-
tion (of abstract as knowledge), /
DIFFUSIONIST.
1750 Jounson Rambler No. 101 P 2 The writer. .receives
little advantage from the diffusion of his name. 1752 Hume
Ess. & Treat. (1777) 1. 224 The universal diffusion of learn-
ing among a people. 1834 di Bowrinc Minor Morals,
Story Perseverance 146 This diffusion of enjoyment. 1862
Sir B. Bropre Psychol. Ing. 11.1. 14 The effect which the
eneral diffusion of knowledge produces on society. 1874
Green Short Hist. viii. § 2. 461 The rapid diffusion of the
new doctrines in France, 1875 Giapstone Glean. VI. xlv.
133 There is a wider diffusion of taste among the many.
4. Of speech or writing: Diffuseness ; prolixity,
copiousness of language.
In quot. 1374 (which stands quite alone in point of date)
the sense is rather ‘use of diffuseness, copious outpouring’
of speech.
1374 Cuaucer Tvoylus m1. 247 (296) Nere it that I wilne
as now tabregge Diffusioun of speche, I coude almost A
thousand olde stories thee alegge. 1779-81 Jounson L. P.,
Akenside, The reader wanders tiie | the gay diffusion,
sometimes amazed, and sometimes delighted. 1782 V. Knox
Ess, (1819) I. xliv. 244 Attributing to the former [Demos-
thenes] conciseness, and to the latter [Tully] diffusion. 1791
Bosweti Yohnson an. 1772 (1816) II. 184, I love his know-
ledge, his genius, his diffusion, and affluence of conversation.
1870 LoweEtt Study Wind. 278 The power of diffusion with-
out being diffuse would seem to be the highest merit of
narration. - as
5. Physics. The permeation of a gas or liquid
between the molecules of another fluid placed in
contact with it ; the spontaneous molecular mixing
or interpenetration of two fluids without chemical
combination.
1808 Darton New Syst. Chem. Philos. 1. 191 The diffu-
sion of gases through each other is effected by means of the
repulsion belonging to the homogeneous particles. 1831
T. Granam L. & £. Phil. Mag. 833) II. 175 (On the Law of
the Diffusion of Gases.) The diffusion or spontaneous inter-
mixture of two gases in contact is effected by an interchange
in position of indefinitely minute volumes of the gases..
‘These replacing volumes of the gases may be named egz-
valent volumes of diffusion. 1863-72 Watts Dict. Chen.
II. 323 Diffusion.,takes place both when the fluids are in
immediate contact, and when they are separated by porous
membranes or other partitions. 1878 A. H. Green Coad i.
x1 A portion of the carbonic acid is dissipated by diffusion.
1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 718 The sugar is the migratory pro-
duct which takes part in the diffusion; the starch-grains
are the temporarily stationary product.
6. attrib. and Comb. (chiefly sense 5), as diffuston-
apparatus, -bulb, -cell, -circle, -coeffictent, -instru-
ment, -phial, -tube, -volume.
_ 1831 Granam in ZL. § Z. Phil. Mag. (1833) 11. 178 A simple
instrument which I shall call a Diffusion-tube was con-
structed. did. 179 When such a diffusion-tube. .was filled
with hydrogen over mercury, the diffusion or exchange of
air for hydrogen instantly commenced, through the minute
pores of the stucco. /é7d. 186 The first time a diffusion-bulb
is tried, it generally gives the diffusion volume of hydrogen
below the truth. 1849— in PAi2. Trans. (1850) 5 The saline
solution in the diffusion cell or phial thus communicated
fy with about 5 times its volume of pure water. 1858
— Elem. Chem. YI. 612 Another method of determining
the diffusion-coefficient of a salt has been devised by
Jolly. “1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Diffusion-apparatus,
a mode of paagotergen Novel sugar from cane or beet-root by
dissolving it out with water. 1878 Foster P/ys. 11. ii. 399
If the object be..removed farther away from the lens, the
rays .. will be brought to a focus in front of the screen,
and, subsequently diverging, will fall upon the screen as a
circular patch composed of a series of circles, the so-called
diffusion circles. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diffusion apparatus,
a cell divided into two parts by a porous septum or dia-
phragm,
Diffu'sionist. [f. Dirrusion + -1st.] One
who adheres to a theory of diffusion ; also a¢trib.
1893 A thenzum 25 Nov. 736/3 The most strenuous advo-
cate of the diffusionist theory [of folk-tales].
Diffusive (difiz‘siv), 2. Also 7 defusive. [f.
L diffis- ppl. stem of diffundére to DIFFUSE + -IVE.
CE. F. diffuséf, -tve, found 15-16th c., but app. un-
used in 17-18th c. (Hatz.-Darm.)]
1, Having the quality of diffusing (¢vams.); dis-
rae or shedding widely or bountifully.
Hatt Rem, Wks. (1660) 187 Leaven hath ..a diffusive
faculty. 1683 Lond. Gaz. No. 1856/5 Cherished. .by the
diffusive beams of the Sun. . Burnet 7h, Earth
1. 26 All liquid bodies are diffusive. 1712 Apptson Sfect.
No. 411 P 1 Our Sight..may be considered as a more deli-
cate and diffusive kind of Touch. 1727 THomson Britannia
144 Far as the sun rolls the diffusive day. cx SHEN-
stone Ruin'd Abbey 197 His less’ning flock In sno
groups diffusive scud the vale. 1851 Granam in Phit
gs ries Tee diffusive relation of the two ey
OSCOE » 31 This important property
ake the diffusive power of gases.
347
b. fig. of immaterial or abstract things.
1634 HasinctTon Castara (Arb.) 100 A common courtier. .
hath his love so diffusive among the beauties, that man is
not considerable. 1677 Gate Crt. Gentiles 1v. 190 Demo-
cratie hath a diffusive facultie, as it takes in the concernes
and interests of each individual. 178: Gispon Decl. & /.
III. 43 The diffusive circle of his benevolence was circum-
scribed only by the limits of the human race. 1832 ‘TEeNNy-
son ‘ You ask me why’ iv, The strength of some diffusive
thought Hath time and space to work and spread. 1871
Smites Charac. iii. (1876) 71 The good character is diffusive
in its influence.
+3. Of a body of people: As consisting of mem-
bers in their individual capacity. The ‘ diffusive
body’ is contrasted, by the notion of individually
diffused or distributed action, with the ‘ collective
body ’, and, by that of universal participation, with
a ‘representative body’. The action of the ‘ dif-
fusive body ’ is that in which every member of the
body shares directly. (Common in 17th c.) Obs.
1642 Answ. to Printed Bk. 11 The election of the diffusive,
not of any representative body. 1647 Jer. Taytor Lid.
Proph. ix. 161 The incompetency of the Church in its diffu-
sive Capacity to be Judge of Controversies. 1647 Diccrs
Unlawf. Taking Arms Ui. 66 If actions of this nature were
unwarrantable in the diffusive body, they are so in the
representative. 1660 Futter M/ixt Contemp. i. (1841) 259
The diffusive nation was never more careful in their elec-
tions. 1691 T. H[ave] Acc. New Jnvent. p. Ixxxii, His
Majesty and all his People, both representative and diffu-
sive. a1 TILLotson Servi. (1743) I. 259 They are not
agreed..where this infallibility is seated ; whether in the
pope..or acouncil..or in the diffusive body of Christians.
1718 Hickes & Newson ¥. Aettlewedl ui. x. 212 That the
Supreme Power was Fundamentally in the whole Body
Diffusive of the People.
4, Prolix in diction or speech ; = DIFFUSE a. 3.
(Sometimes in good sense: Copious, full.)
1699 Burnet 39 47‘. Pref. (1700) 2 The heaviness. .of Stile,
and the diffusive length of them, disgusted me. 1734 tr.
Rollin’s Anc. Hist, (1827) VIII. xvi. viii. 57 Polybius..
generally is diffusive enough. 1794 Sutiivan View Nat.
V. 257, I have .. been unavoidably, and I am afraid tire-
somely, diffusive. 1874 L. Srernen Hours in Lid. (1892) 1.
i. 34 He is less diffusive and more pointed than usual.
+5. Bot. =Dirruse a. 2c. Obs.
7756 Watson in PAil. Trans. XLIX. 815 The rigid leaved
Bell-flowers, with a diffusive panicle and patulous flowers.
+ 6. Difficult to understand, obscure: = DirrusE
a1. Obs.
1709 Strype Ann. Ref 1. xxii. 266 Whereas Turcopolier
was so diffusive a name as not worthy the pains of pro-
nouncing.
Diffusively (difizsivli), adv. [f. prec. +-Lyv?2.]
In a diffusive manner or condition ; see the adj.
1628 T. Spencer Logick 54 It is diffusiuely good, in as
much as it is fit..to bestow good vpon others. 1677
Hate Prin. Orig. Man. u. vii. 198 Whether the primitive
.. Animals .. were diffusively created over the habitable or
dry Ground as Vegetables were. 1710 Managers’ Pro §
Con 67 May the Influence of good Examples .. be .. diffu-
sively prevailing. 1773 J. ALLEN Sev. St. Mary's Oxford
18 So diffusively hath this doctrine descended to posterity.
1787 Hawkins Yohuson 129 Rhapsodically and diffasively
eloquent. 1816 Chrox. in Ann. Reg. 543 It branches more
diffusively. 1868 GLapstone ¥uv. Mundi iii. (1869) 75
Probably Thracians existed diffusively, like Pelasgians,
among the Greeks. 1869 Mrs. Somervitte Molec. Sc. 1.
iii. rr1o The particles of the crystals unite diffusively with
the water. Aes
+b. In, or with respect to, the individual mem-
bers; individually, severally; cf. DIFFUSIVE 3. Odés.
gs ee Beginnings & Causes War 19 The Subjects of
the Kingdome of England diffusively considered cannot
take up Armes against the King, and how then can their
Representatives assembled in Parliament? 1644 Br. Max-
WELL Prerog. Chr. Kings ii. 25 The people all and every
one, diffusively, collectively, representatively. 1710 Bent-
Ley Phil, Lips. § 35 (T.), ExxAnoia .. means diffusively the
whole community of the Christian name.
siveness (difiz‘sivnés). [f. as prec. +
-NESS.] The quality or condition of being diffusive.
1630 Donne Serm. Ixxii. 726 The extent and Diffusive-
nesse of this Sinne. 1648 Boyte Seraph. Love iii. (1700) 1
Those. .Excellences, which the Diffusiveness of his Good-
ness, es him pleased to communicate. 1702 ADDISON
Dial. Medals iii. 154 The first fault..that I shall find with
a modern legend, is its diffusiveness. 1831 GraHAmin L.§ £,
Phil. Mag. (1833) 11. 356 A certain proportion of each of
the mixed gases .. corresponding to its individual diffusive-
ness. 1848 Hattam Mid. Ages viii. note xi, An Essay ..
written with remarkable perspicuity and freedom from dif-
fusiveness. 1884 W. H. Ripeine in Harper's Mag. June 68/1
The natural buoyancy and diffusiveness of smoke.
Diffusivity (difidsi-viti). Physics. [f. Dirru-
SIVE+-ITy. Cf. activity, conductivity.] Diffusive
quality; capacity of diffusion (as a measurable
quality of liquids, gases, heat, etc.) ; =D1FFrusI-
BILITY.
1876 Tair Rec. Adv. Phys. Sc. xi. 280 We may speak of
the diffusivity of one substance in solution in another. | 188
Everett Deschanel’s Nat. Philos. xxxv, 413 ‘ Diffusivity’
(to use the name recently coined by Sir Wm, Thomson)
measures the tendency to equali perature. 1882
Nature XXVI. 567 ‘Diffusivity’, that is .. conductivity
divided by thermal capacity of unit volume.
Diffusor, var. of DIFFUSER.
Difluan: see DIFrLuaN.
Difoil (dai'foil), a. nonce-wd. [f. Di-2, after
trefoil, etc.] (See quot.)
1860 Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. vt. iii, 20 The elementary
structure of all important trees may, I think .. be resolved
|
|
|
DIG.
into three principal forms: three-leaved. .four-leaved..and
five-leaved.. Or, in well-known terms, trefoil, quatrefoil,
cinqfoil .. The simplest arrangement .. in which the buds
are nearly opposite in position. .cannot, I believe, constitute
a separate class..If it did, it might be called difoil.
Dify(e, obs. form of DEFY.
Dig (dig),v. Forms: 4-6 dygge(n, 4-7 digge,
(5 degge), 6-dig. Pa.t.and pple. digged (4 -ide,
5 dygged, deggyd, deghit); also dug (pa. t.
8-, pa. pple. 6-; in 7 dugg). [Found since 14th
c.; prob. a. F. diguer, according to Darmesteter
properly ‘creuser la terre’, to dig or hollow out
the ground, by extension = ‘ piquer’ to prick or prod,
|. as now used in Normandy; also, in the Manége,
diguer un cheval to dig the spur into a horse;
related to F. dégue dike, also to F. d¢gon, dégot, iron
prongs for catching fish and shell-fish, d¢/gonner
‘to dig, or pricke (Norm.)’ Cotgr. Cf. also Da.
dige dike, ditch, trench, vd. to raise a dike.
Dig cannot be derived from, or in any way directly related
to, OE. déc dike, ditch, and dfcian to dike, embank, from
which it differs both in vowel and final consonant; but if
the French derivation be correct, it goes back through F,
to the same Teutonic root. It is properly a weak verb, pa. t.
and pple. digged, but in 16th c. received a strong pa. pple.
dug, analogous to stuck, which since 18th c. has also been
used as pa. t.]
I. zntr.
1. ‘To work in making holes or turning the
ground’ (J.); to make an excavation; to work
with a spade or other tool similarly employed.
Locally the word was, and in some cases still is, the
technical term for working with a mattock as distinguished
from a spade, the latter being ‘ graving’ or ‘delving’. Cf.
quots. 1530, 1691; also 1611, 1888 in sense 4.
¢ 1320 Orfeo 239 in Ritson AZet. Ron. 11.258 Now he most
bothe digge and wrote, Er he have his fille of rote. ¢ 1380
Wycuir Servm. Sel. Wks. I. 99 Digge about be vyne rotis.
1387 TrevIsA //igdenx (Rolls) III. 159 (Matz.) Pey founde a
mannis hede in pat place while bey digged. c 1400 MAuNDEv.
(1839) xxvi. 267 Thei schullen dyggen and mynen so strongly.
c1440 Promp. Parv. 121/1 Dyggyn, supra in delvyn. ¢ 1440
Gesta Rom. iii. 7 (Harl. MS.) He toke a shoville, and dyggyd
in the erthe. c1g00 Ballad on Money in Halliw. Nugae
Poet. 48 The plowman hymselfe dothe dyge and delve In
storme, snowe, frost and rayne. 1526 lyr. Perf.(W.de W.
1531) 120 b, They that dygge for water. 1530 Patscr. 516/1,
I dygge in the grounde with a mattocke. 1607 DEKKER
Wh. of Babylon Wks. 1873 11. 197 When mines are to be
blowne vp men dig low. 1611 Biste Exod. vii. 24 The
Egyptians digged round about the riuer. 1691 Brokesby
in Ray N.C. Words, s.v. Dig, In Yorkshire, they distinguish
between digging and graving; to dig is with a Mattock; to
grave, with a Spade. ¢1755 JoHNSON Review Blackwell's
Mem. Crt. Augustus Wks. X.185 Mr. Blackwell has neither
digged in the ruins of any demolished city, nor [etc,]. 1836
Emerson Nat., Sfirit Wks. (Bohn) II. 168 If labourers are
digging in the field hard by. 1873C. Rosinson V.S. Wales
35 He went so far as to recommend the unemployed miners
of Cornwall to come out here and dig for it [gold]. :
b. Said of animals: to excavate the ground with
snout or claws.
1388 Wycuir /sa. xxxiv. 15 There an irchoun hadde dichis
..and diggide aboute [1382 dalf, deluede]. 1535 CovERDALE
/bid., Vhere shall the hedghogge buylde, digge. .and bringe
forth his yonge ones. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. (1776)
VIII. 122 They [ants] dug deeper and deeper to deposite
their eggs. :
ec. fg. with allusion to the general sense; also
spec. to study hard and closely at a subject (U.S.).
1789 Trifler No. 43. 549 Youths who never digged for the
rich ore of knowledge thro’ the pages of the Rambler.
180r SoutHEY 7alaba w. xv, ‘Tis a well of living waters,
Whose inexhaustible bounties all might drink, But few dig
deep enough. 1827-8 Harvard Reg. 303 Here the sunken
eye and sallow countenance bespoke the man who dug six-
teen hours per diem. 1869 Louisa M. Accort Lit/le Women
II. xii. 165 Laurie ‘dug’ to some purpose that year,
2. With various prepositional constructions : To
penetrate or make one’s way 77/0 or through some-
thing by digging; to make an excavation or loosen
the soil zsder anything.
1535 CoveRDALE Ezek. vili. 8 Thou sonne off man, dygge
thorow the wall, 1580 Barer AZ. D. 697 To digge vnder
an hill, s¢ffodere montem. 1611 Biste Fob xxiv. 16 In the
darke they digge through houses. 1628 Hospes 7hucyd.
(1822) 76 They united themselves by digging through the
common walls between house and house. 1705 ADDISON
Trav. (J.), The Italians have often dug into lands described
in old authors, as the places where statues or obelisks stood,
and seldom failed of success. 1832 Examiner 709/2 He
seemed to dig into his subject. 1865 Gosse Land §& Sea
(1874) 5 The little boat ploughed and dug through the
green and foaming waves. 1877 Holderness Gloss., Dig-
into, to set about a job of work in earnest and with energy.
II. ¢rans.
8. To penetrate and excavate or turn up (the
ground, or any surface) with a spade or similar
tool.
¢ 1340 Cursor M. 6747 (Trin.) Peof hous breking or diggyng
er If mon him smyte [etc.]. 1382 Wycuir Ezek, aa. 8
Sine of man, dig the wal; and whanne Y hadde thur3
diggide the wal, o dore aperide. 1608 Suaks, Per. 1. iv. 5
Who digs hills because they do aspire. 1697 Drvpen inetd
vi. (R.), A rav’nous vulture .. still for the growing liver
digg’d his breast. - :
b. Said of an animal penetrating and turning up
(the ground) with its snout, etc.
I Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvut. cii. (1495) 847 The
molle hathe a snowte .. and dyggeth ithe erthe
and castyth vpp that hedyggyth. 1697 —— ire. Georg.
-2
DIG.
n. 08 The bristled Boar .. New grinds his arming Tusks,
digs the Ground.
4. spec. To break up and turn over(the soil) with a
mattock, spade, orthe like, as an operation of tillage.
(See med I as to technical use in quot. 1888.)
r 'ycur /sa.v. 6 It [a vine ]schal not be kit, and
it tel one be i and i rye hey
vp on it. 1§52 [see Diccinc vdZ. sb. 1]. 1580 Baret Adv.
Dz. 699 That the nd should be dug three foote deepe.
1611 Bite /sa. vii. 25 And on all hilles that shalbe digged
with the mattocke. 1715 DesaGuuiers Fires Lnprov. 13
Suppos'd to have been digg’d four Inches deep. 1888
Extwortny W. Somerset W ord-bk., Dig, v.t.,to work ground
with a mattock. Ground is never said to be dug with a
Fog 1889 H. H. Romitty Verandah in N. Guinea 200
The first moon is spent in digging the ground.
+b. To till (a plant) by this operation. Obs.
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 54 We..sholde not onely
dygge our vyne wele by compunccyon. 1577 B. GoocE
Heresbach's Husb. 1. (1586
83 The plants of a yeere .. must
bee discretely digged an fete 1626 Bacon Sylva
§ 622 The Vines .. are .. so much digged and dressed, that
their Sap spendeth into the Grapes.
+c. with fogether. Obs.
1398 Trevisa Barth. de P. R. xi. xxix. (Tollem. MS.),
On his rigge pouder and erpe is gaderid, and so digged to
ederes, pe erbes and smale tren and busches groweb
Foon, so pat pe gret fische semep an ylonde.
5. To make (a hole, hollow place, mine, etc.) by
the use of a mattock, spade, or the like; to form
by digging ; to hollow out; to excavate.
1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 159 (Matz.) Some di: seh
caues and dennes. 1388 Wyciir Nw. xxi.18 The pit whic
the princes diggiden [1382 delueden, doluen]. c 1400 Destr.
Troy 11363 Pai droppe in the dike pai deghit have for vs.
c 1430 Lypa. Min. Poems 113 (Mitz.) To here hys dyrge do,
and se hys pet deggyd. 1535 CoverDae Gen. xxi. 30, Thane
dygged this well. re Nortu Plutarch, Lucullus 569
(Wright Bible Word-bk.) So did Xerxes. .cause..a channell
to be digged there to passe his shippes through. 1597
Suaks. 2 Hen. /V,1v. v. 111 Then get thee gone, and digge
my graue thy selfe. 1606 Proc. agst. Late Traitors 7 To
digge a certain mine under the sayd House of Parliament.
1653 Hoicrort Procopius u. ix. 49 Anciently there was no
passage through, but in time a way was dig’d through it.
1697 W. Damrter Voy. I. 85 In working their Canoas hollow,
they cannot dig them so neat and thin [with stone hatchets}.
— Ibid. 215 Making a Canoa. Then again they turn her,
and dig the inside. 1796 H. Hunter tr. St. Pierre's Stud.
Nat. (1799' I. 2 The child, who, with a shell, had dug a
hole in the sand, to hold the water of the Ocean. 1853 Six
H. Dovcras Milit. Bridges (ed. 3) 17 Torrents .. dig for
themselves beds approaching to that form. 1864 H. Ains-
wort John Law 1. iv. (1881) 91 He..is ever digging mines
under our feet.
6. To obtain or extract by excavation; to exhume,
unearth; =dig out or up (13, 14). Const. from,
out of.
c1350 Will. Palerne 2243 Pat werkmen forto worche ne
wonne pidere sone, Stifly wib strong tol ston stifly to digge.
1387 Trevisa Higiden (Rolls) I. 271 (Matz.) In Gallia bed
many good quarers and noble for to digge stoon. 1565-73
Cooper Thesaurus, Argilletum..a place where clay is
digged. 1601 Hottann Pliny xvut. xvii. (Wright Bible
Word-bk.), This same toad must be digged out of the ground
againe. 1610 Suaxs. Tem... ii. 172, {with my long nayles
will digge thee pig-nuts. a1661 Futter Worthies, Wales
(R.), Metalls elsewhere are digged .. out of the bowells of
the land. 1663 Gerpier Counsel D iv a, Chalk .. is daily
digged here at home. 1678 Cupwortn /ntell. Syst. 681 To
declare out of what Quarry the Stones were dugg. 1683
R. Burton Crrios. (1684) 30 Rocks out of which the Tinn is
digged. 1726 Leon: A lberti's Archit. 1.31 We are .. not to
make our Bricks of Earth fresh dug, but to dig it in the
Autumn, 1837 W. Irvine Capt. Bonneville 11. 221 The
Indians .. come to it in the summer time to dig the camash
root. Mod. ‘The cottagers were busy digging their potatoes.
b. To dig a badger.
1706 Puittirs (ed. Kersey), Zo Dig a Badger (in the
Hunter's Language) is to raise or dislodge him. 1721-1800
in Bawey. 1 onsdale Gloss., Dig, to start a badger.
+ 7. To put and cover up (in the ground, etc.) by
digging or delving; to bury. Cf. dig in, 11 b.
1530 Patscr. 516/1, I wyll dygge this dogge in to the
rounde somwhere for feare of stynkyng. 1607 TorseLt
Serpents (1658) 797 All the Winter time they dig themselves
into the earth. 1647 Trarr Comm. Matt. v. 15 Such idle
servants as ., dig their talents into the earth.
8. Tothrust, plunge, or force (something)7# or into.
1553 1. Witson Xhet. 107 As though a sworde were ofte
digged and thrust twise or thrise in one place of the bodie.
1832 L. Hunt Sir R. Esher (1850) a8 Delighting, as he
went over the noble Lord, to dig his knuckles in his back.
1860 Tynpatt Glac. 1. xi. 77 We .. dug our feet firmly into
the snow. 1883 F, M. Pearp Contrad. i, He dug his hands
into his pockets, and lounged off. 1893 SeLous 7'rav..S. £,
Africa 37, 1 dug my spurs into my horse’s ribs.
9. To spur (a horse) vigorously [=F. déguer un
cheval]; to thrust, stab, prod; to give (any one)
a sharp thrust or nudge (in the ribs, etc. ).
1530 Pauscr. 516/1, | dygge my horse in the sydes with
my 1551 Ropinson tr, More's Utop. (Arb.) 102 You
shoulde haue sene children ..digge and pushe theire mothers
under the sides, 1875 Tennyson ¢: Mary u. iii, Gamble
thyself at once out my sight, Or I will dig thee with m
dagger. 188: Mus. P. O’Donocuve Ladies on Horsebac
68, I dug him with my Fag! and sent him at it, 1889
Farmer Americanisms, To dig a man in the ribs, is to
give him a thrust or blow in the side.
III. In comb. with adverbs,
10. Dig down. a. ¢rans. To bring down or
cause to a by digging. nn
se oes and aie RV J thyn mane aie Banal
‘om, xi.
348
D. 688 To di defodio. ax619 Fotuerny A theont.
1. vii, re nee) 268 Wicca Citizens . . doe overthrow their
owne ities, and digge downe their Walls, :
b. To lower or remove by digging or excavating.
1591 Srenser Virg. Guat 46 Mount Athos .. was digged
downe. Br. Lowrn 7ransi. Isa. (ed. 12) Notes 313
She the precipices to be digged down.
lL. Dig in. +a. srans. To pierce, stab, pene-
trate. Obs. (Cf.9.) b. To put in and cover up by
digging. (Cf. dig énto in 7.)
1530 Patscr. 516/1, He hath d
standyng his almayne ryvettes.
402/2 The dung .. may be dug in
most kitchen-garden crops.
i To cause to penetrate, to drive in deeply.
(Cf. 8.)
Sat. Rev. 6 June 765/2 [Demons] .. laughing with
gett the. .rider cursed or é ed - the spurs.
12. Dig off. trans. To cut off by digging. rare.
1655 Srantey Hist, Philos. 1. (1701) 46/1 He attempted to
dig the Isthmus off from the Continent.
13. Dig out. a. /vans. To take out, thrust out,
extract or remove by excavation. (Cf. 6.)
1388 Wycuir Yod iii. 21 As men diggynge .. out [1382 del-
uende out] tresour. 1526 TinpaLe Gad. iv. 15 Ye wolde
have digged [1534 plucked] out youre awne eyes, and haue
geven them to me. 1580 Barer Aly. D 697 To digge out
ones eies, elidere alicui oculos. 1667 Mi.toN A. L.1. 690 Soon
had his .. crew Op'nd into the Hill a spacious wound And
dig’d out ribs of Gold. 1772 Hutton Bridges 94 The sand
having been previously digged out for that purpose. 1847-78
Hatiwett, Dig out, to unearth the badger.
1864 R. f, Kimpatt Was he successful ? 11. xi. 259
It was their habit to go over their lessons together, after
Chellis had ‘ dug out’ his.
b. To excavate, to form by excavation. Cf.
DuG-ovut (canoe).
1748 Relat. Earthg. Lima Pref. 9 These usually were
Caves, or Hollows dug-out in the Mountains,
ce. intr. To depart, elope. (U.S. i
1884 S. L. CLemens (Mark Twain) Adv. Hucklebury Finn
(Farmer A mer.), Then I jumped in a canoe, and dug out for
our place..as hard as 1 could go. 1888 Detroit Free Press
21 tily (Farmer Amer.), She dug out last night with a
teamster.
14. Dig up, a. rans. To take or get out of
the ground, etc., by digging or excavating; to
hym in nat with-
Penny Cycl. XIV.
t fermentation for
exhume, disinter, unearth. 70 dig up the hatchet,to —
renew strife: see Hatcuet. (Cf. 6.)
¢ 1400 Maunpev. (1839) ix. 107 He [John the Baptist] was
.. buryed at Samarie. And there let Julianus Apostata
dyggen him vp. _c 142g Seven Sag. (P.) 1126, I se a gras
of grete solas, Were r dyggyd uppe by the rote, Of
many thyngs hit myght bote. 1535 Covervace Fod iii.
21 Those that dygge vp treasure. 1588 Suaxs. 77. A. v. i.
135 Oft haue I dig'd vp dead men from their graues. 1695
MW clwans Nat. Hist. Earth u. (1723) 81 There are
dig'd up Trees .. in some Northern Islands, in which there
are at this Day growing no Trees at all. 1726
Gulliver u. vii. 160 Huge bones and skulls, casually dug up
in several parts of the kingdom. 1858 GLenny Gard. Every-
day Bk. 267/1 Ferusalem Artichokes, Dig them up if it be
not done alkeay: 1889 Farmer Amer., To dig up the
hatchet, a phrase decidedly Indian in origin .. This [the
hatchet] was buried to signify the putting away of strife;
and digging up the hatchet, meant a renewal of warfare.
Jig. 1611 Biste Prov. xvi. 27 An vngodly man diggeth
vp euill : and in his lips there isa burning fire. 1861 Bricur
Sf. India 19 Mar., A Committee to dig up all the par-
ticulars of our supposed perils, ete
b. To excavate, break up or open by digging.
1551 Rosinson tr. More's Utop. u. (Arb.) 73 Kyng Utopus
. caused . xv. myles space of vplandyshe grounde .. to
cut and dygged vp and so ihe, ae e sea rounde aboute
the land. 1593 Suaxs. 3 //en. V7, 1. iii. 27 If 1 digg’d vp
thy forefathers Graues, And hung their rotten Coffins MA
Chaynes. 1855 Macautay //ist, Eng. 1V. 132 The Engli
government would be unable to equip a fleet without digging
up the cellars of London in order to collect the nitrous
particles from the walls, -
ce. To break up and loosen the soil of, by dig-
ing : said esp. of a place not previously or recently
ug,
1377 Lanat. P. Pi. B. vi. 109 Dikeres & delueres digged
op bs baleen: a 1698 Temrte (J.), You cannot dig up your
arden too often, 1799 J. Rosertson Agric. Perth 247 He
irects the moss to be delved or dug up with —_ 1889
Botvrewoon Roddery under Arms (1890) 7 He dug up a
line ote in front. digd), Di 1, adj
ence Digged ( , Digging pf/. adjs.
©1394 P. Pil. Crede t was be dygginge devel pat
d pb men ofte. 1§52 Hutorr, D: Sossitius. 1616
DIGAMMATED.
4. A thrust, a poke, as with the elbow, fist,
or other of the A ?
of leg and hatchet into the snow was sufficient
motion.
b. Ag. (Cf. htt sb.)
oop Miss Kilma:
Her Fi Ball iii, Th
Gea eee
ition .. caring absolutely for nothing except
get a dig at the fe oy rk.
lett) There goes the dig .. How like a parson he eyes his
book! 1894 NV. ¥. Weekly Witness 12 Dec. 2/2 ‘The aedent
who earnestly his scholasti dies is held to be
a scrub, or
grind, or dig.
‘Dig, 51.4 Obs. exc. dial. A duck.
¢ 1420 Liber Cocorum (1862) 9 Pandon for wylde digges,
swannus, and piggus. ?%a1§00 vaneen PL, Deluge 189
-7 Swirt |
Heare are doves, dig; drakes, Redshankes, runninge
through the lakes.” ae Comm Anette,a Ducke, or Dig.
1616 /nventory in Earwaker Powltrey, Sandbach (1890)
135 Three Digs and a Drake. 1884 Cheshire Gloss., Dig
a duc
b. Combd., as dig-bird, Lancash., a young duck
(Halliwell); dig-meat, duckweed (Chesh. Gloss.).
Digallic (deige lik), @. Chem. [f. Di-2 +
Gauiic.] In Digallic acid, which has the com-
position of two molecules of gallic acid, minus
one equivalent of water.
1877 Watts Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 12) 11. 547 Gallotannic
Acid, Digallic Acid or Tannin..occurs in large quantity in
nut-galls. .and many other plants.
(dirgamist). [f. as Dicgamy + -1s7.]
A man or woman who has married a second time.
1656 Biount Glossogr., Digamist, ..one that marries
after his first wives death. a1660 Hammonn Ws. I,
597 (R.) The digamist, or he that hath had two wives suc-
cessively, one after another. Hearne Collect. 9 Nov.,
I can say no more of this Bp. than y* in yance wth ye
Fashion of 7 Age he isa digamiist. 1869 Lecxy Europ.
Mor. (1877) 11 i
: ‘Di ists’, accordin; Origen,
saved int name of Christ, but are by no'menns Gowned
by him.
+b. =Bicamist. Obs, (So F. digame, come),
1656 Biount Glossogr., Digamist, one that hath two
Wives her,
+ Di: te. Obs. [f. as prec. +-1TE.] = prec.
1616 T. Gopwin Moses § Aaron (1655) 238 Persons marry-
ing after such div » Were reputed diga that is,
to have two husbands or two “wives. 1674-8: Biount
Glossogr., Digamist or Digamite.
i (daige'ma). [a. L. digamma, Gr.
diyappa the digamma, f. &:- twice + yappa the letter
| gamma: so called by the grammarians of the first
century, from its shape f or F, resembling two
gammas ([-) set one above the other.]
The sixth letter of the original Greek seat,
was
ival Eneli ae
the Italian eaten deched: from Greek, it appears to iave
peseed tetas SS eee @, to that of # its
oman alphabet : + It was lost
ma, 1865-73 COOPER t
i Cicero useth = for Din nee: of Roce aoa ae
F.) 1698 M. Lisrer ) so (Stanford) His
new invented Letter he instituted or
Surec. & Marku, Co: Farme 302 In a well
ym di d ground, 1617 Fauna Ling. 170 Souldiers..lie in
i
, 56.1 Also 9 (Se.) deg. [f. prec. vb.]
1. An act of digging; the plunging or thrusting
(of a — or the like) into the ground.
‘all Mall G. 15 Oct, 11/1 The price which is obtained
for the excavated sand .. just meets the expense of the di
out. ey veep Rev. Jan, 66 At each ‘dig’ four sets
forks are thrust into the ground.
2. A definite depth or quantity to be dug out.
| Daily Ni . 6/4 Fi ‘dig’ 308. is to be
| Rg the gang, “he i he bs te i ecomved home
where the crane way.
3. A tool for digging ; a bay ror at igen ete,
1674-91 Ray N.C. , Dig, a Mattock. py Cah
i 's pick. NOW.
ness s., Dig, a mattock ; a na
Linc. Gloss., Dig, an instrument for stubbing up roots,
more called a stud-dig, ‘As straight as a dig’ is
a common expression.
ities, B
e di ..is continued on Doric
Goal yar of the 94th Olympiad] and
Digammate (doige'm?\),
cag ned f. digamma : see -ATE?.
EBSTER.
fammated (doigemAid), pl a [6 as
prec. +-ATE 3 + -ED.]
1. Spelt with or having the di :
Fae oY ty,
DIGAMMIC.
short Syllable is often made long when the next word begins
with a digammated vowel. 1863 J. HADLEY Ess. (1873) iv.
56 It is more than forty years since Richard Payne Knight
Cee in 1820 his famous digammated Iliad. 1882
.C. Jess Life Bentley 152 The number of digammated
roots in Homer is between thirty and forty.
2. Formed with a figure like the digamma, as
the digammated cross, a phallic symbol.
+ Diga'mmic, ¢. Ods. [f. Dicamma +-1c.] Of
or belonging to a digamma.
1817 G. S, Faser Eight Diss. (1845) 1. 134 The Anakim or
(with the digammic prefix) Fanakim.
Digamous (di-gimoas), a. [f. L. digam-us, a.
Gr. d¢yapos that has been married twice (f. 5:-, Di- 2
twice + ydyos marriage) + -ouUS.]
1. Married a second time; that contracts asecond
marriage after the death of the first spouse; of the
nature of digamy. -
1864 in Wesster. 1868 Mirman St. Pawl’s xi. 302 A di-
gamous Bishop could hardly be more odious to Elizabeth.
2. Bot. =ANDROGYNOUS.
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Digamous, having both sexes on the
same flower-cluster.
Digamy (di-gimi). [ad. L. dégamia, a. Gr.
bvyapia a marrying twice, f, diyap-os: see Dica-
MOUS and -y.]
1. Digamous condition or state ; second marriage;
re-marriage after the death of the first spouse.
1635 Pacitr Christianogr. App. 17 The ordinary Priests
marry once, Digamy is forbidden them. 1672 Cave Prim.
Chr. u1. v. (1673) 83 Three sorts of Digamy or Second Mar-
riages. 1672-5 Comber Comp. Temple (1702) 220 Digamy,
as well as Marrying after a Divorce while the former Wife
lives, are forbid under the Gospel. 1755 Jonson, Digamy,
second marriage ; marriage to a second wife after the death
of the first: as d/gamy, having two wives at once. 1869
Lecty Europ. Mor. I. v. 346 Digamy, or second marriage,
is described by Athanagoras as ‘a decent adultery’.
+2. =Bicamy 1; having two wives at the same
time. Ods.
1638 Sir T. Herpert Trav. (ed. 2)39 The Antick Romans,
who ..so hated Digamy (both in enjoying two wives at one
time, and being twice married). 1761-66 Baitey, Digamy,
a being married to two Wives at the same Time.
stric (doige'strik), a.and sb. Anat. [ad.
mod.L. digastric-us, f. Gr. &-, Di-2 + yaornp,
yaorp- belly: cf. Gasrric. In F. digastrigue
‘hauing two bellies’. Cotgr. 1611.]
A. adj.
1, Having two parts swelling like bellies; sfec.
applied to muscles having two fleshy bellies with
an intervening tendinous part, as that of the lower
jaw; see B.
rjzt Baitey, Digastric, that has a double belly. 1732
Monro Anat, Bones 102 Where the digastric Muscle of the
lowet Jaw hasits Origin. 1872 Huxtry Phys. vii. 175 There
are muscles which are fleshy at each end and have a tendon
in the middle. Such muscles are called digastric or two-
bellied.
2. Of or pertaining to the digastric muscle
of the lower jaw: see B.
1831 R. Knox Cloguet’s Anat. 53 On the inside of, and
behind, the mastoid process, is a longitudinal depression
named the Digastric Groove, on account of its giving at-
tachment to the muscle of that name. 1840 J. Evtis Anat.
82 The digastric nerve, the largest of the three branches of
the portio dura ..is distributed by many filaments to the
under surface of the posterior belly of the digastric. po
E. Witson Anat, Vade M, (ed. 2) 49 Upon the inner side
of the root of the mastoid process is the digastric fossa.
B. sé. (Also in L. form digastricus.) A muscle
of the lower jaw, thick and fleshy at its extremities,
thin and tendinous at its middle.
_ It arises from the back part of the skull, and is inserted
into the mandible. Its action is to depress the lower jaw,
or to raise the hyoid bone and carry it backwards or for-
wards as in deglutition. (Syd. Soc. a)
1696 Puituirs, Digastric, a double-bellied Muscle, which
ending in. .the Chin, draws it downward. 1746 J. Parsons
Hum. Physiognomy i, 30 It serves .. to assist the Digastric
in opening the Jaws. 1872 Mivart Zlem. Anat. 286 The
digastric is a muscle with two fleshy bellies, with a median
tendon. 1881 Athenzumg Apr. 496/1 On the Tendinous
Intersection of the Digastric.
eneous (doidzinzas), a. [f. Gr. beyerns of
double or doubtful sex (f. d:-, Dt-* + -yévos, yeve-
kind, race, sex) + -ous.]
1. Of two sexes, bisexual. Syd. Soc, Lex. 1883.
2. Of or pertaining to the Dégenea, a division of
the trematode worms or flukes.
Digenesis (doidze'nésis). B7ol. [mod.L., f.
Gr, &-, Di-2 + yéveots generation.] Successive
generation by two different processes, as sexual
and asexual.
1876 Beneden's Anim. Parasites 102 This phenomenon
has been known by the name of alternate generation; we
have called it digenesis, 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex.
Digenetic (daidztne'tik), a. [f-as prec. + Gr.
-yeverixds, f. yéveois.] Relating to or characterized
by digenesis.
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Digenetic worms, parasitic worms
which at different periods of life have different forms. 1890
E. R. Lanxester Adv. Science 265 Whether the female ..
belonged to a parth ic or digenetic ., Lbid.
266 In Artemia salina parthenogenetic alternate with di-
genetic broods.
i i a i
349
Digenite (didgtnoit). AZin. [mod.f. Gr. &-
yevns of doubtful sex or kind + -1rE.] A variety
of CHALCcocrTE or copper-glance.
18g0 Dana Min. 509. 1863-72 Warts Dict. Chem. 11. 323.
Digenous (didgtnog), a. [irreg. f. Gr. s- two
+ yévos kind, race +-ous.] Of two sexes, bisexual.
1884 Sepewicx tr. Claus’ Zool. 1. 97 The digenous or
sexual reproduction depends upon the production of two
kinds of germinal cells, the combined action of which is
necessary for the development of a new organism.
Hence Digeny, digenous reproduction.
1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex.
A Diger, v. Obs. rare. [a. F. digér-er (14the.
in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. diger-ére to Dicxst.]
trans, =DIGEST v.
1541 R. Coptanp Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., A pyt wherin
the nourysshynge blode commynge fro the lyuer 1s dygered.
1597 Lowe Chirurg. (1634) 103 Such things as have the
virtue to discusse, diger, and dry lightly, and not humect.
+ Di-gerate, v. Ods. rare. [f. as prec. + -ATE3.]
trans. To digest. Hence Di-gerating //. a.
1634 T. Jounson Parey’s Chirurg, xvul. xvil. (1678) 426
They must be strengthened with hot and digerating things.
+ Di'gerent, a. andsd. Obs. rare. [ad. L. dige-
rent-em, pres. ppl. of diger-cre to DicEsT.]
A. adj. Digesting.
1477 Norton Ord, Aich. v. in Ashm. (1652) 62 But our
cheefe Digestiue [frizted -ure] for our intent, Is virtuall
heate of the matter digerent. 1755 JouNSoN, Digerent, adj.,
that which has the power of digesting, or causing digestion.
B. sé. A medicine or agent that promotes diges-
tion or suppuration.
1731 Baitey, Digerents (with Physicians) Medicines which
digest or ripen. 1854-67 C. A. Harris Dict. Med. Terminol.
215 Digerents .. medicines which promote the secretion of
proper pus in wounds and ulcers.
Digest (doi-dzest), 5d. Also5dy-,7dis-. [ad.L.
digesta ‘ matters digested ’, a name given to various
collections of writings arranged and distributed
under heads; n. pl. of digest-us, pa. ppl. of diger-
ere: see Dicest v, The appearance of the senses
in English, does not correspond in order to the
original development.]
1. A digested collection of statements or informa-
tion; a methodically arranged compendium or
summary of literary, historical, legal, scientific, or
other written matter. :
1555 Branam Address to Reader in Lydgate’s Chron.
Troy, The verye trouthe therof is not to be had in theyr
dygestes. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn, 1. xv. § 1. 58 ‘The
Disposition .. of that Knowledge .. consisteth in a good
Digest of Common Places. 1789 T. Jerrerson Writ. (1859)
III. 14 This is a very elegant digest of whatever is known
of the Greeks. 1825 Macautay £ss., Milton (1854) I. 2/1
His digest of scriptural texts. 1854 H. Miter Sch. &
Schm. Gi8s8) 313 Those popular digests of geological science
which are now so common. : :
2. Zaw. An abstract, or collection in condensed
form, of same body of law, systematically arranged.
@ 1626 Bacon (tite) An Offer to King James, of a Digest
to be made of the Laws of England. 1652 NeepHam tr.
Selden's Mare Cl. 38 The Digests of the Jewish Law.
168: W. Rosertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 471 Digests,
gathered out of the 37 civilians. 1724 A. Cottins Gr. Chr.
Relig. 14 A Digest or System of Laws for the Govern-
ment of the Church. 1765 BLacksTone Cow. I. 66 Out
of these three laws .. king Edward the confessor extracted
one uniform law or digest of laws. 1792 J. Witson in
Sparks Corr. Amer. Rev. (1853) IV. 388 A digest of the
laws of the United States. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) I.
126 Lord Chief Baron Comyn, iu his Digest, states the case
in Dyer as having decided that [etc.]. 1869 RawLinson
Anc. Hist. 357 The code of the Twelve Tables. .was a most
valuable digest of the apes Roman law.
b. spec. The body of Roman laws compiled from
the earlier jurists by order of the Emperor Justinian.
(The earliest use in English.)
1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) III. 255 Iustinianus .. made
and restored pe lawes of digest. 1530 Patscr. 213/2 Digest,
a boke in lawe, digeste. 1577 tr. Budlinger’s Decades (1592)
427 The lawes and constitutions of princes. .founde either in
the Code, in the booke of Digestes, or Pandectes. 1660
Burney Kép8, A@por (1661) 115 All they read in the Pandects,
Digests and Codesin the Statute and common Law-books.
1845 Graves Roman Law in Encycl. Metrop. 762/1 Notes
on the laws of the Twelve Tables according to the order of
the Institutes and the first part of the Digest. 1882 Srunss
Med. & Mod, Hist. xiii.(1886) 306 If you take any well-drawn
case of litigation in the middle ages..you will find that its
citations from the Code and Digest are at least as numerous
as from the Decretum.
+3. =Dicestion. Ods.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvu. ii. (ZS. Bodl. 3738)
Yf a plante shall be durable: it nedyth that it haue humour
wt good dygest and fatty. So plantes yt haue humour
w[ythou]t good digestion wydre sone in grete colde. 602
Carew Cornwall 29b, Some giue meate, but leaue it no
disgest, Some tickle him, but are from pleasing farre.
+ Dige'st, //. a. Obs. Also 6 Sc. de-. [ad.
L. digest-us, pa. ppl. of digerére to DicEst.]
1. as fa. pple. and adj. Digested.
1398 TrevisA Barth. De P. R. xvu. Ixxiv. (1495) 648
Grene frute and rawe and not dygest greue bodies and
make them swell. 1430 Lyne. Min. Poents (1840) 195 (Matz.)
Whan Phebus entrith in the Ariete, Digest humoures up-
ward doon hem dresse, 1460-70 Bk. Quintessence 6 Take
pe beste horse dounge pat may be had pat is weel digest.
2. adj. Composed, settled, grave. Sc.
1g00-20 Dunsar Poems x. 30 Sing In haly kirk, with mynd
degest. /did. xxiv. 3 Quhair no
ing ferme is nor degest.:
DIGEST.
1513 Douctas Axeis xu. i. 45 Kyng Latyn tho with sad
and degest mynd To hym answeris, 1585 Jas. I Ess. Poesie
(Arb.) 67 With gracis graue, and gesture maist digest.
a1605 Montcomerie Misc. Poems |. 2t Sa grave, sa gra-
cious, and digest. 2
Digest (dijdze'st, dai-),v. Forms: a. 5-6 de-
gest(e, 5- digest, (6 dejest, dygest, Sc. degeist).
B. 5 desgest(e, 6-7 (9 dal.) disgest, 7 disjest. [f.L.
digest-, ppl. stem of diger-cre to carry asunder, sepa-
rate, divide, distribute, dissolve, digest, f. dz- = dis-
(Dr-1) apart, asunder + gerdve to carry. Cf. OF.
digester (15th c. in Godef.). A parallel form with
the prefix as a7s- was frequent in the 16th and 17th
c. (and is still dial.) ;. in earlier times, the French
modifications des-, de-, are found.]
+1. dvans. To divide and dispose, to distribute.
a, 1578 Banister Hist, Man v. 71 Two Nerues., are
digested into the bottome of the ventricle. 1610 J/irr. AZag.
763 (T.), I did digest Mg bands in battell-ray. c 1611
Cuarman //fad xvi. 187 All these digested thus In fit place
by the mighty son of royal Peleus. 1650 FULLER Pisgah
ut. xi. 341 That Jerusalem was digested and methodized
into severall streets is most certain. 1675 tr. Machiavelli's
Prince xii. (Rtldg. 1883) 84 They changed their militia into
horse, which, being digested into troops [etc.]. F
B. 1579 Fenton Guicciard. mt. (1599) 116 Afore this nauie
could be disgested into order and point.
+b. To disperse, dissipate. Ods.
a, 1513 Brapsuaw S¢t. Werburge 1. 1264 Some of his louers
..Gaue hym theyr counseyll..unto melody all thoughtes
to degest. a@1547 Henry VIIL in Laneham's Let, Pref.
(1871) 149 Company me thynkes then best, All thoughtes
& fancys to deiest. 1549 Compl. Scot. Prol. 9 ‘The quhilkis
humours nocht beand degeistit, mycht be occasione to dul
their spreit. 1727 Braptey fam. Dict. s.v. Bath, It does
by insensible transpiration digest and dissipate superfluous
humours.
160 Music
quently disgest melancholy. fe
2. To dispose methodically or according to a
system; to reduce into a systematic form, usually
with condensation ; to classify.
a. 1482 Monk of Evesham Arb.) 28 He told thees thynges
the whiche here after be digestyd and wreten. 1562 Act 5
Eliz. c. 4 § 1 The Substance of .. the said Laws .. shall be
digested and reduceed into one sole Law and Statute. 1668
Hare Pref. to Rolle’s Abridgm, 8 Vhe Civil Law is digested
into general Heads. 1704 Swirr Alech. Operat. Spirit
Misc. (1711) 275, | have had no manner of Time to digest it
into Order, or correct the Stile. 1791 Boswett Johnson
an. 1738, The debates in Parliament, which were brought
home and digested by Guthrie. 1862 Lp. Broucuam Brit.
Const. xix. § 1. 301 Every government is bound to digest
the whole law into a code. 1875 E. Waite Life in Christ
i. xiii. (1876) 152 ‘To digest these testimonies into definite
forms.
B. 1576 Gascoicne Steele GZ. (Arb.) 68 A strange deuise,
and sure my Lord wil laugh ‘Yo see it so desgested in de-
grees. 1676 Woop Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 358 Purposely
to disgest some notes for the press.
3. To settle and arrange methodically in the mind ;
to consider, think or ponder over.
a. 1450 Henryson Jest. Cres. (R.), Than thus proceeded
Saturne & the Mone Whan they the mater ripely did degest.
¢1470 Henry Wallace vit. 1430 Wer or pes, quhat so yow
likis best, Lat your hye witt and gud consaill degest. 1548
Hatt Chron. 20 When the kyng had long digested and
studied on this matter. 1614 Bre. Hatt Necoll. Treat. 934
When he had somwhat digested his thoughts, and con-
sidered. 1793 SMEATON Edystone L.§ 130 I digested a plan
for the keeping our accounts and correspondence. 1855
Prescotr Philip /7, 1. uu. xi. 261 The regent was busy in
digesting the plan of compromise.
. 1494 Fasyan Chrox. vi. ccvii. 221 Whanne kynge
Henry had well desgested in his mynde the wrongful
trouble that he..hadde put the duke vnto. 1637 Hrywoop
Royal King 1. Wks. 1874 VI. 11 Come to horse, And, as
we ride, our farther plots disgest.
4. To prepare (food) in the stomach and intestines
for assimilation by the system ; see DIGESTION I.
a, 1483 Cath. Angl. 99/2 To Digeste, digerere. 1526
Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 192, XII baskettes of breedes
that they coude not eate and digest. 1580 Lyty Euphues
(Arb.) 468, I digested the Pill which had almost choakt me.
1661 Lovett Hist. Anim: §& Min. Introd., The skinne
.. even of rosted pigge .. can hardly be well digested of a
strong stomach, 1789 Mrs. Piozzi Yourn. France 1.7 The
cattle... cannot digest tobacco. 1842 A. Compe Piysiol.
Digestion (ed. 4) 363 To diminish the food to such a quan-
tity as the system requires and the stomach can digest.
B. a@1536 TinpaLe Wks. 234 (R.) That thy stomacke
shall disgeste the meate that thou puttest into it. rg9z
NasHe P. Penilesse (ed. 2) 10a, It is..a hard matter to
disgest salt meates at Sea. 1600 Row.anps Let. Humours
Blood vi. 75 Blowne drinke is odious, what man can disiest
it? 168x W. Rosertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693), 482 To dis-
gest or digest what one eats. 1877 V. W. Li
inc. Gloss.,
Disgest, to digest. 1892 Northumbld. Gloss., Disgest.
b. absol.
1530 Patscr. 516/r He maye boldely eate well, for he
dygesteth well. c1532 Dewes /utrod. Fr. in Palsgr. 1054
A body..may nat degeste without holdyng that mete. 1667
Mirton P. ZL. v. 412 Every lower facultie .. whereby they
hear, see, smell..digest, assimilate. 1707 Foyer Physic.
Pulse-Watch 85 Fishes and Birds want a Diaphragm, and
et Digest well. 1840 CLovcu Amours de Voy. u. 39 Each
ee to eat for himself, digest for himself. _
c. Applied to the action of insectivorous plants.
1875 Darwin Zusectiv. Pl. xiii. 311 Mrs. ‘Treat .. informs
me that several leaves caught ively three i
each, but most of them were not able to digest the third fly,
1884 Bowrr & Scott De Bary’s Phaner. 100 The power ..
DIGEST.
of digesting animal substance and absorbing it as nourish-
ment. .known in the case of the peculiarly-formed leaves of
Droseracez.
d. intr. (for ref.) Of the food: To undergo
digestion.
1574 Hy. Conjyect. Weather iv, Weathers over olde are
to be refused in eating in that they .. y nourish and
hardly disgest. 1586 Martowe 1s¢ Pt. Tamdburl. ww. iv,
Fall to, and never may your meat digest. 1677 Hare
Prim. Orig. Man. 1.i. 30 My Blood circulates, my Meat
digests .. without any intention of mind to assist their act-
ings. 4) Parmore Angel in H. 1. 1x. Prol. iii, The
best [fare], Wanting this natural condiment. . will not digest.
e. trans,-To cause or promote the digestion of
(food).
1607 Mippeton Five Gallants u. iii, It comes like cheese
after a ra feast, to disgest the rest. c 1645 Howett Let?.
(1650) II. 76 French wines may be said but to pickle meat in
the stomach ; but this is the wine that disgests.
Odyss. 1x. 409 Drain this goblet, potent to digest.
+f. Zo digest the stomach: to promote the
action of the stomach indigestion. Cf. Dery v.2 1b.
c1460 J. Russett Bk. Nurture 947 Youre souerayne aftir
mete his stomak to digest yef he wille take a slepe hym self
pere for to rest. Sir J. Smvytue in Lets. Lit. Men
(Camden) 91 Drynckinge wynes dyvers tymes to disgest and
comforte my stomacke.
5. fig. and transf. (from the digestion of food).
1576 FLeminc Panopl. Epist. 341 He maketh suche to love
learning .. as before coulde by no meanes digest it. 160%
Suaks. Ful. C. 1. ii, 305 This Rudenesse is a Sawce to his
good Wit Which giues men stomacke to disgest his words.
1614 Br, Hart Recoll. Treat. 994 The fire digests the raw-
nesse of the night. 1691 Ray Creation 1. (1704) 61 This
Opinion, I say, I can hardly digest. 183g I. T'Avtor Sfir.
Despot, v. 221 The Church... had made great progress in di-
gesting those arrogant principles, 1889 Sfectatoryg Nov. 621/2
The Hapsburgs. .have not digested Bosnia completely yet.
intr. 1614 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 440 Passions must
have leasure to digest.
6. To bear without resistance ; to brook, endure,
put up with; to ‘swallow, stomach’.
1725 Pore
grandmother. 1809 W. Irvine Anickerd. v. v. (1849) 283
This wanton attack..is too much even for me to digest !
[1837 Cartyte £7. Rev. 11.11. vi. (1848) 119 The forty thousand
. -have to. .digest their spleen, or reabsorb it into the blood.]
BR. 1592 WyrLey Armorie 48 Too great abusage, which he
not disgested. 1603 Knottes //ist. Turks (1638) 247 Ma-
homet could not wel disgest the losse he had so lately re-
ceiued. a 1661 Futter Worthies 1. 1662) 179 His quick and
strong Appetite, could disgest any thing but an Injury.
b. To get over the effects of. arch.
1576 M. Hanmer tr. Anc. Eccles. Hist. (1585) 156 Of the
phisicians, some not able to digest that wonderfull noysome
stinch were slaine. 1580 Lyty Exphues (Arb.) 251 In this
sort they refreshed themselves 3 or 4 daies, vntil they had
digested y* seas, and recovered again their healths. 1598
Barckiey Felic. Man (1631) 37 hen hee hath disgested
so many evills, and come to hes seven yeeres old. 1647
Crarenvon //ist. Red. vit. (1703) 11. 317 He had not yet
disgested his late deposal from the Lieutenancy of Ireland.
1834 CoLeripce Tadle-t. 12 Jan., I never can digest the loss
of most of Origen’s works,
7. To comprehend and assimilate mentally; to
obtain mental nourishment from.
a. 1548-9 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer Collect 2nd. Sund.
Advent, Read, marke, learne, and inwardly digeste them.
a1sg2 H. Smitn Ws. (1867) II. 81 Record when you are
gone, and you shall see the great power of God, what he is
able to do for ae by one sentence of this book, if ye digest
it well. 165 Hospes Leviath. 11. xxvi. 147 Memory to re-
tain, digest and apply. 1732 Berketey Alciphr. i. § 14
This new philosophy seems difficult to digest. 1858 Haw-
tTHorne Fr. & /t. Frnis. 1.265 Having had as many pictures
as I could digest. 1866 R. Cuampers Zss. Ser. 1. 149 He
likes to digest what he reads. 1879 Froupe Cassar ix. 94 It
might be that they would digest their lesson after all.
B. 1583 Go.pinG Calvin on Deut. vi. 33 Mee thinkes this
is harde, and as for that, I cannot disgest it. 1597 J. Payne
Royal Exch. 43 Hartilie wishinge maryed folkes no less to
mark and disgest, then to reade the words of the Apostle.
1647 Dicces vont Taking Arms § 1.8 By these generalls
throughly disgested, and rightly applied, we shall be able
to rule particular decisions.
+8. To mature, or bring to a state of perfection,
especially by the action of heat. Also fig. Ods.
1607 Schol. Disc. agst. Antichr. 1. iv. 176 There wanteth
the heate of the Nurse that doth digest and concockt the
milke to make it sweet, 1626 Bacon Sylva § 327 ‘They are
ever Temperate Heats that Disgest and Mature. pi A
Saitn Se/. Disc. i. 11 An in beauty..which cannot
known but only then when it is digested into life and prac-
tice. 1665 Sir 7. Roe's Voy. E. Ind. 360 They [musk-
melons] are better digested t by the heat of the Sun,
than these with us. 1700 H. Wantey in Pepys' Diary V1.
233 A love and respect for his person which time .. does di-
into a habit. a@1708 Beverince Priv, Th. 1. (1730) 52
God. .having digested the Conditions to be performed by us,
into Promises to be fulfilled by Himself.
b. intr. (for refl.).
1726 Leon A lberti's Archit. 1. 31 We are .. not to make
our Bricks of Earth fresh dug, but to dig it in the Autumn,
and leave it to digest all Winter.
+9. trans. To mature (a tumour), to cause to
suppurate ; also adso/. to promote healthy suppu-
ration. Ods.
350
1551 Turner /Herbad 1. (1568) B vij a, Marrysh mallowe
sien in wyne..maketh rype or digesteth. 1563 T. Gare
Antidot. 11. 43 1t doeth digest ana maturate tumours. 1610
Markuam Masterf. u. clxxiii. peek Span rue di th,
and mightily forteth all ii s. 16x12 WoopaLt
Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 366 The which Medicine doth
= digest and suppurate a Bubo. 1767 Goocu 7 reat.
saat & I. 159 The contused parts in a wound must separate
and be digested off.
+b. intr. (for ref.) To suppurate. Obs.
1713 CHESELDEN Anat. Iv. i. (1726) 292, 1..tied the artery
alone. .and it digested off in a week's time. 1737 Bracken
Farriery Impr. (1756) 1. 185 Try such Things as will brin,
the Matter to suppurate or digest. 1754-64 Sweuin Midwif
IIL, 295 The swelling subsided, the lacerated digested
10. trans. To prepare by boiling or application
of heat; to dissolve by the aid of heat and moisture.
1616 Surri. & Markn. Country pleswet 986 After it hath
beene the second time digged and dunged, or , you
must let it rest and digest his dung and marle. ta! Pope's
Art of Sinking 80 Th’ almighty chemist . . Digests his lighten-
ing, and distils his rain. 1791 Hamitton Berthollet's Dyeing
Il. 1. . i. 48 Powdered indigo digested in alcohol gave a
yellow tincture. 1805 C. Hatcnett in PAil. Trans. XCV.
218 Some deal saw-dust was digested with the nitric acid
until it was completely pea a 1838 T. THomson Chem.
Org. Bodies 94 Digest the bark in hol, evaporate the
salcoholic solution to dryness.
b. intr. (for reft.) To dissolve in gentle heat.
DIGESTING,
Philos. 1V. iv. § 44. 130 To come into direct contact with
facts, instead of receiving them
fe at second hand through
4 and r G. W. Hemminc in Law
3. That which digests or promotes the digestion
of fagd 5.0 ive Serato creme.
. B. Phi é cos 83 Galingale ..
tea Dlepiiat oF iaeare 21698 ume) Rice is..agreat
§ 97 Its great vi and deobstruent,
4, “A person or animal that digests its food (well
or ill); fig. one who digests mentally.
1713 STEELE Guardian No. 60 ?1 The generality of
readers must .. be allowed to be notable digesters. /bid.
No, 142 P 3 As princes keep their taster, so 1 perceive
you keep your digester. ¢c12732 Arsurunor (J.), People that
are bilious and fat..are great eaters and ill ¥
4. A strong close vessel in which bones or other
substances may be subjected to the action of water
or other liquid at a temperature and pressure above
those of the boiling point, so as to be dissolved.
In its original form called from its inventor, Papin's
Digester.
x D. Pari (title), A New Digester, or Engine for
ftening Bones.
1578 Lyte Dodoens 1. Wi. 397 Putting the S ie to
boyle, or digest in a Quince. 1599 AM. tr. Gabelhouer's
Bk. Physicke 206/1 Put then this oyle in a glasse .. Close
the glasse verye well, and let it ther digeste, as long as
pleaseth you. 1652 Curerrer Eng. PAys. (1809) 382 Let
them stand to digest twelve or fourteen days. 1799 G.
Sith Ladoratory 1. 133 Afterwards set it in bal. maria to
digest for a fortnight.
26 April Supfl. 7/4 Put your orange extract ..in some
equally warm place, and let it ‘digest’ for at least six
months.
Digestant (gidze'stint). [f. Dicest v. +
-AnT!.] A thing taken to promote digestion.
1875 H. C. Woop Therap. (1879) 607 Digestants. In this
class are put a few remedies which are used to aid the
stomach in dissolving the various articles of food. 1883
Syd. Soc. Lex., Digestants..such are pepsin, hydrochloric
acid, and lactic acid:
+ Digesta‘tion. rare—°.
-ATION.] = DIGESTION.
1727 Baitey, vol. Il, Digestation, a digesting, ordering
or disposing.
+ Dige'stative, a. rare. [f. DicEst: see -1VE.]
Having the power to digest; = DIGESTIVE.
thy 4 Tominson Renou's Disp. 92 Made milde and tract-
able by a digestative heat.
Digested (didze'stéd, dai-), Ap/. a. [f. Dicestr
v. + -ED.]
1. Disposed in or reduced to order.
1598 Fiorio, Digesto, digested, disgiested .. dis; °
ordred, 1622 Sparrow Bk, Com. Prayer (1661) avid’s
Psalms which are digested forms of Prayers. 1708 J. Cuam-
BERLAYNE St. Gt. Brit, u. ul. x. (1743) 438 The college has..
a well digested library. 1790 Beatson Nav. § Mil. Mem. 1.
381 A most absurd, ill-digested scheme. 1836 Emerson Nat.,
Prospects Wks. (Bohn) II. 170 We learn to prefer imperfect
theories .. which contain glim of truth, to digested sys-
tems which have no one valuable suggestion.
2. Disposed, conditioned.
1607 Tourneur Rev. Trag. in Dodsley O. Pi. IV. 309
Conjuring me..To seek some strange digested fellow fort!
Of ill contented nature. 1672 Sir ‘T. Browne Lett. Friend
§ 27 To live at the rate of the old world .. may afford no
better digested death than a more moderate period.
3. Of food: That has undergone the — of
Digestion. Usually in comb. as wedl-digested,
half-digested, etc.
1611 Cotcr., Diger?é, dis
McNas Bot. iv. (1883) 96 1
4. Matured, ripe.
1657 Jer. Taytor Disc. Friendship (Trench), 5) did
fires, aromatic spices, rich wines, well-digested fruits.
@1734 Wovrow Anadecta 11. 305 The most digested and
distinct Master of the Scriptures that ever I met with.
1812 Cuacmers Let, in Life (1851) I. 302 A more complete
and digested acquaintance with the obj of my study.
1861 Emerson Soc. & Solit., Old Age (Bohn) III, 135
What to the youth is only a guess or a hope, is in t
a dig
+5. Concocted, condensed. Ods.
1669 Wortince Syst. Agric. (1681) 292 From which coagu-
lated or digested moisture winds are usually generated
ensedly (didge'stédli), adv. [f. prec. +
-LY%.) In a digested or well-arranged manner.
1608 Br. Haut fist, Ep. Ded., We doe .. expresse our
selues no whit lesse easily, somewhat more digas . 1672
rudiedly and
Mede's Wks. App. Author's Life 69 (R.)
digestedly to give the the true nature of it. 1687
H. Mort Answ. Psychop. (1689) 158, I having writ .. so
digestedly and coherently. .touching this subject.
(didgerstaz, dai-). Also 7-or. [f.
DicEst v.+-ER.] He who or that which digests.
+1. That which distributes, disperses, or dissi-
pates (humours). Ods,
1578 Lyte Dodoens 1. xxiii. 109 All the Scabiouses are..
digesters and diuiders of grosse humors.
2. One who analyses, arranges, and reduces to
pre a mass of information; the maker of a
[f. Dicesr v.: see
ted, concocted, digested. 1878
digested matter is.. absorbed.
1677 Cary Chronol.1. 1.1. viii. 66 Varro a learned Digester
tiquities. 1794 Maruias Puss. Lit. (1798) 432, I
would recommend to..the new Di: of our Laws, not
to be too subtle in the process. 1862 Maurice Aor. § Met.
1895 Manchester Weekly Times |
| Zoon, (1801) II, 412 A close vessel, w
| known as a digester or stock pot,
| earthy Dee agg etc.
6b.
4 . 1682 Evetyn Diary 12 aot I went .. to
a supper which was all di both fish and flesh, in
Monsieur Papin’s digestors, by which the hardest bones of
beef itself, and mutton, were made as soft as cheese. 1708
. Keut Anim, Secretion 122 The Jelly extracted by
apin's Digester out of dry and solid Bones. 1783 Priest-
Ley in 7 v] Trans, LXXII1. 415 A cast-iron vessel, which
I could close at cne end, like a digester. 1794-6 E. Darwin
hich is called Papin’s
digester ; in which it is said water may be made red hot.
1885 Pall Mall G. 4 May 10/2 ‘The vessel which containe:
the explosive used at the Admiralty Offices .. was what is
such as is used in ki
b. An apparatus in which the carcases of beasts
unfit for food are by the action of heat dissolved
into their proximate elements, tallow, gelatine,
nicut Dict. Mech. 1. 702/2. 1892 Daily News
3/5 Animals and carcases should be removed in ..
enclosed vans, the animals at once slaughtered ..
carcases destroyed in a digester. -
ec. An apparatus whereby substances are dis-
' solved by chemical action instead of by heat and
| dissolution of it [meat] is obstructed.
pressure.
Digestibility (didgestibi-liti). [f Dicestisre
+-1Ty. Cf. F. digestibilité.] The quality of being
digestible. re oe
Cc Revimen ii. (R. er
1740 Cueyne Regimen ii. (R.), ee, i Hag
| ttn Coe Font agg Pg in "tomy for awd
igestibility. oster Phys. u. i. (1 277
: iliey letermined chiefly by mechan-
digestibility’ of any food is d
ical pec
Burres Dyets I, Of a lash
- aot vey : ee
uet (ed. 2) t is found more ..
ach xix.
lackw. Mag. 660 The: i igest-
able. 1842 Conte Physiol Digestion ey ty
easily g.
E igestible and ve
Jig. 165 Honnes Leviath. 11, xix. 101
a their Government digestible, were wont
etc. ).
Td. as to be nes or ma yd a
¢ 1470 = vet ey n = quhen
erbe and froyte.
Pim mag gh stag ered: sw Se
+3. Zo be digested ox peepee ty the apiben of
heat. a
1477 Norton Ord. Alch. vy. in Ashm., (1652) 62 Nethles
heate of the digestible thinge, Helpeth di and her
working. ‘ Bs
Hence Dige’stibleness, quality of being digest-
ible ; Dige'stibly adv., in a digestible form.
' 1662 ag parr le ik ay nal a 30 Its coe by ie
. argues its igestibleness. » MERED!
Ages 1, Beg To give to those Intermiaable iallopost
of matter in ch ampl ;
+ sstic, a. Obs. rare. [irreg. f. Diaxsr v.
+ -10,] = DIGESTIVE.
1797 — phe uiver U. Vir a4 A vie eee oo,
Family Biog. | -99 tn search of one who made more use
of his bear ise . tf o 1
Digesting sb. [f. Dicxst v,+-1Ne!.
The action o he verb ihe ark vets rag
Exyor /mage Gov. (1556 congoct ae
aigityng of that, which the bade receiveth, Sru-
LINGFL, rig. Sacr. ms vf a 5 ye so —
pL ried t0 reds ibstance . b
ns in
to redissolve this substance ..
boing and Sy el Te meg he?
of affront.
b. attrib
tion, After the di
Mutcaster Positions xxxii. «
against
) 116 Exercise ..
the naturall heat strong i time,
DIGESTING.
Dige'sting, f//. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG?.]
That digests,
1605 Time Quersét. 1. vii, 32 The flower of salt .. is of
a sharpe qualitie and much digesting. 1799 G. Smirn
Laboratory |. 371 Give a digesting fire for three days, 1809
Grecor in PAil. Trans. XCIX. 198 The process of solution
is. accelerated by a digesting heat.
Hence Dige'stingly adv.
1885 G. Merepira Diana III, ii. 48 They rose from table
at ten..digestingly refreshed.
Digestion (didze'styan, doi-). Also a. 4-5
digestioun, 5 degestyon, 5 dy-. 8. 6-7 (9 dia/.)
disgestion. [a. F. digestion (13th c. in Hatz.-
Darm.), ad. L. digestzon-em, digestion, arrange-
ment, n. of action f. digerére (pa. pple. digest-)
to Digest, ]
1. The physiological process whereby the nutritive
part of the food consumed is, in the stomach and
intestines, rendered fit to be assimilated by the
system,
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Sg7.'s 7.339 The Norice of digestioun the
sleepe. cx400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 169 Pat mete mi3te
abide in be stomak for to make digestion. 1553 T. WiLson
Rhet.37 Heavinesse and care hinder digestion. 15390 SPENSER
F. Q.11. ix. 31 The Kitchin Clerke, that hight Digestion, Did
order all th’ Achates in seemely wise. 1593 Suaks. Rich. /[
1. iii. 236 Things sweet to tast, proue in digestion sowre.
1667 Mitton ?. Z. v. 4 His sleep Was Aerie light, from
pure digestion bred. x F. Futter Med. Gymn. (1711)
156, I don’t believe Digestion is perform’d by Putrefaction.
1834 MeMurtrie Cuvier’s Anim. Kingd. 279 Insects vary
infinitely as to the form of the organs of the mouth, and
those of digestion. 1860 Emerson Cond. Life, Fate Wks.
(Bohn) II. 312 In certain men, digestion and sex absorb the
vital force, 1871 R. Exis Catud/us xxiii, Who can wonder?
In all is health, digestion, Pure and vigorous. 1878 Masque
Poets 47 Is it trouble of conscience or morbid digestion ?
b. The analogous process in insectivorous plants.
1875 Darwin J/usectiv. P/. vi. 85 It becomes an interesting
inquiry, whether they [Drosera] .. have the power of diges-
tion, 1878 M«Nas Bot. iv. (1883) 96 The insects ., are..
covered with a secretion containing an acid, and a substance
closely resembling pepsine, and _a true process of digestion
goes on similar to the digestion in the stomach of an animal.
+e. In old Physiology. /irst, second, and third
digestion: see ConcocTion 1b. Also fig. Obs.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. v. xxxix. (1495) 154 The
lyuer drawyth in to his holownes the woos of the fyrst
dopistyon. 1614 W. B. Philosopher's Banquet (ed. 2) 22
The act digestively is finished in the third digestion. 1614
Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 440 To choose the season for
counsell.. and that season is, after the first digestion of
sorrow. 1658-9 Burton's Diary (1828) 1V. 207 If there be
an error..of the first digestion, it is incurable.
c1s92 MartowE Massacre Paris u. vi. (version in Dyce),
Hote enough to worke Thy just degestione with extreamest
shame. 1614 RatricH Hist. World v. ii. § 3. 589 If no
other state gave the Romans something to trouble their
disgestion.
e. Slow, easy, hard of digestion: slow, easy,
hard to be digested. So of hard (etc.) digestion:
cf. 4. Also fig.
1533 Evyor Cast. Helthe ut. xiii. (1539) 31b, It is slowe
of digestion. 1599 H. Butres Dyets dvie Dinner M viijb,
Oyster..somewhat hard of degestion. 1653 Hotcrorr Pro-
copius ut, 64 Their laws hard of disgestion, and their com-
mands intollerable. 1699 aligey ioe Art. ix, (1700) 116
A Doctrine that seems to be of hard digestion to a great
many. @1715 — Own Time (1766) I. 448 These conditions
were not of an easy digestion. 1732 ArnutHnot Redes a,
Diet 252 Flesh roasted, not so easy of Digestion as boil’d.
176x Hume Hist. Eng. 11. xxxi. 200 These points were of
hard digestion with the princess. 1838 Penny Cycl. X.
343 Mucus. .is deemed both nutritious and of easy digestion.
7883 Warts Dict. Chem. 11. 327 Raw flesh is generally
regarded as more difficult of digestion than boiled or roast
meat.
2. The power or faculty of digesting food.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. v. xvi. (1495) 163 In
wynter is grete appetyte and stronge degestyon. c¢ 1430
A’ Diatorie in Babees Bh. (1868) 54 Cleer eir & walking
makib good digestioun. 153 Exyor Gov, m1. xxii, A man
hauing due concoction and digestion as is expedient. 1589
Nasue Anat. Absurd. 34 Our disgestion would be better,
if our dishes were fewer. a@rzr0 Sours in Tatler No. 205
? 5 Every Morsel to a satisfied Hunger, is only a new
Labour to a tired Digestion. 1846 G. E. Day tr. Simon's
Anim, Chem. Il. 41 Indications of a_ morbid digestion.
1861 Fito. NicuTincate Nursing ii. 27 Weakness of diges-
tion depends upon habits. rae
3. jig. The action of digesting, orobtaining mental
nourishment from (books, vey
az610 Heatey Epictetus’ Man. \xix, (1636) 90 Effectes
following the due 1 gny of verball precepts. @ 1661
Futter Worthies Il. 205 He had a great appetite to
learning, and a quick digestion. 1839-40 W. Irvine /Vo/-
Jert's R. (1855) 57 Glencoe supplied me with books, and
I devoured them with appetite, if not digestion. >
4. The action of putting up with or bearing
without resistance ; brooking, endurance. ? Ods.
1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto's Trav. iv. 9 Having received so
bold an answer. .found it very rude, and hard of digestion.
1760 STERNE Serm. (1784) LII. 6 The silent digestion of one
wrong provokes a enciadk
5. Chem. +a. The operation of maturing or pre-
paring a substance by the action of gentle heat;
concoction, maturation, condensation, coagulation ;
also susceptibility to this operation, and concer, the
condition resulting from it. Ods.
1477 Norton Ord. Alch. v. in Ashm. (1652) 61 Then of
divers degrees and of divers digestion, Colours will arise
351
towards perfection. 1563 W. Furxe Mefeors (1640) 67
Brasse, latine, and such like .. differ in digestion: the
Copper being purest, is of best digestion. /7d. 68 Iron ..
also being of too extreame digestion, passing all other
metals in hardnes. 1594 PLat Yerell-ho. 1. 32 It [clay]
should seeme to differ onely in digestion from marle. 1626
Bacon Sylva § 327 We conceive..that a perfect good Con-
coction, or Disgestion, or Maturation of some Metalls, will
produce Gold. 164 Frencu D/stild. i, (1651) 10 Digestion,
is a concocting, or maturation of crude things by an easie,
and gentle heat. 1669 WortipcE Sys/. Agric. (1681) 293
Their digestion or coagulation is more in some than in
others. 1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. w. ii. 307 The latter
Minerals] seem to be Concretions and Digestions in the
Bowels of the Earth.
b. The operation of exposing a substance to the
action of a liquid with the aid of heat, for the pur-
pose of extracting the soluble constituents.
1610 B. Jonson Adch. m1. iii, [I put the ingredients] in a
Bolt’s-head nipp’d to digestion, 1660 Boyt New Exp, Phys.
Mech. xxii. 164 In our Digestions and Distillations. 1757
A. Coorer Distiller 1, v. (1760) 32 A Vessel for Digestion,
called by chemists a pelican or circulatory Vessel. 1807
TT. Tuomson Chem. (ed. 3) II. 366 The digestion was con-
tinued till the solution was complete. 1822 Imison Sc. & Art
II. 19 When a solid substance. .is left for a certain time in a
fluid, and the mixture is kept exposed to a slow degree of
heat, the process is called digestion. 1868 Royer, etc. J/an.
Materia Medica (ed. 5) 10 Digestion is similar to Macera-
tion, but the action is promoted by a heat from go° to 100°,
+6. Surg. The process of maturing an ulcer or
wound; disposition to healthy suppuration. Ods.
1676 WISEMAN Chirurg. Treat. 111, 1 shewed him that
by Digestion the remaining fleshy body. .would come away.
1689 Moye Sea Chyrurg. u. iv. 34 Prepare your fomenta-
tion to help on digestion. 1748 Hartiry Odserv. Maz 1.
ii. 126 Lacerations are never cured without coming to
Digestion. 1830 S. Cooper Dict. Pract. Surg. (ed. 61374 By
the digestion of a wound or ulcer, the old Surgeons meant
bringing it into a state, in which it formed healthy pus.
+7. fig. The process of maturing (plans) by careful
consideration and deliberation. Ods.
1671 Tempe Ess., Constit. of Empire Wks. 1731 1.86 The
Digestion of their Counsels is made in a Senate consisting
of Forty Counsellors.
+8. The action of methodizing and reducing to
order. Obs.
1553 T. Witson X/et. 106 Digestion is an ordely placyng
of thynges, partyng every matter severally.
+b. The result of this process, a digested con-
dition ; a methodical arrangement; a Dicrsr. Ods.
1613 CHapman Kevenge Bussy D’ Ambois v, Vhe chaos of
eternal night (To which the whole digestion of the world Is
now returning) 1668 Hate Pref to Rolle’s Abridgm. 7
Every Student .. may easily Form unto himself a general
Digestion of the Law. 1754 Farro (title), Royal Universal
British Grammar and Vocabulary, being a digestion of the
entire English Language into its proper parts of speech.
Digestive (didze'stiv, dai-), z.and sb. Also 6-7
dis-. [a. F. dzgestef, -ive (14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.),
ad. L. digestivus, f. digest- ppl. stem of digerére to
DIGEST : see -IVE.] A. adj.
1. Having the function of digesting food; engaged
in or pertaining to digestion.
1532 Dewes /xtrod. Fr. in Palsgr. 1053 The sayd vege-
table [the soul] hath in her four vertues .. the atractyve or
appetityve, the retentyve, the digestyve, and expulsive. 1610
Markuam Masterf. 1. vi. 16 The vertue disgestiue whereby
it concocteth and disgesteth. 1725 N. Ropinson 7. Physick
253 To .. raise the digestive Powers to their natural Stan-
dard. 1837 M. Donovan Dom. Econ. II. 23 Resting on
a couch, until the digestive organs have recovered the
fatigue. 1841-71 T. R. Jones Anim. Kingd. (ed. 4) 109
The digestive cavity .. is exceedingly short.
b. in reference to plants. 2
1875 Darwin /usectiv. Pi, xiii. 301 Experiments .. on the
digestive power of Drosera. 1884 Bower & Scott De
Bary's Phaner, 100 According to this digestive function
these organs may be termed Digestive glands.
2. Promoting or aiding digestion ; digestible.
1528 Paynet Salerne's Regint. Qij, Through the diges-
tine heate of the night. 1616 B. Jonson Zfzer. ci, Digestive
cheese, and fruit there sure will be. 1725 BrapLey Fam.
Dict. s.v. May blossom, As to the medicinal Vertues of this
Plant; it ..is digestive. 1760-72 tr. Yuan § Ulloa’s Voy.
(ed. 3) I. 99 These waters are very light and digestive, and
good to create an appetite. 1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem.
i. 34, Digestive salt, Syn. with Chloride of Potassium.
1881 7imes 18 May 6/1 The most digestive and nutritious
bread,
3. Pertaining to or promoting chemical digestion.
1651 Biccs New Disp. 287 Wanting its digéstive ferment.
@1691 Boyte Hist. Air (1692) 210 We removed the .. re-
ceiver, and put it on the digestive furnace. 1 De Creti
in Phil. Trans. LXXXIX. 63 Applying only a digestive
warmth, 1799 G. Smit Laliiatey i. 13 To submit their
contents to a digestive heat.
4. Promoting healthy suppuration in a wound or
ulcer; as digestive ointment: sce B 2.
+5. Characterized by bearing without resistance
or in silence. Ods. j
1608 Heywoop Sadlust’s Fugurth iii, Adherbal was .. no
souldier, of a frolicke disposition, disgistive of injuries.
+6. That tends to methodize and reduce to order.
1662 DrypeN Astrva Redux 89 To business ripened by
digestive thought, His future rule is into method brought.
2 SO.
1, A medicine or substance promoting digestion
of food.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Nun’s Pr. T. 141 A Day or two ye schul
have digestives Of wormes, or ye take your laxatives. 1460-
70 Bk. Quintessence 14 And so I seie of medicyns comforta-
DIGGER.
tyues, bie, pens laxatyues, restriktyues, and alle obere.
1612 Enchyr. Med. 97 Wee leaue our digestiues .. and pro-
ceede to other medicines. 1700 DrypEn Fables, Cock § Lox
189 These digestives prepare you for your purge. 1883
in Syd. Soc, Lex., Digestives.
2. A substance which promotes healthy suppura-
tion in a wound or ulcer ; digestive ointment (Ux-
guentum terebinthine compositum).
1543 TRAHERON Vigo's Chirurg. (1586) 436 In Chirurgerie
a digestive is taken for that that prepareth the mattier to
mundification. 1582 Hester Sec. Phiorav. u. xi. gt You
shall dresse it with a disgestiue vntill it be mundified. 1643
J. Steer tr, Zxp, Chyrurg. xv. 62, I applyed this following
digestive with soft plegets upon the incisions. 1737 BRACKEN
Larricry Impr. (1757) U1. 240 The Wound requires a strong
Digestive. 1767 Goocn Treat. Wounds 1,136 Linnen cloth,
spread with the common Digestive. 1854-67 C. A. Harris
Dict. Med. Terminol., Digestives, in Surgery, substances
which, when applied to a wound or ulcer, promote suppura-
tion.
+3. An agent of chemical digestion. Obs. rare.
1477 Norton Ord, Alch. v. in Ashm. (1652) 62 But our
cheefe Digestiue [fx‘n¢ed -ure] for our intent, Is virtuall
heate of the matter digerent.
Dige'stively, a/v. [f. prec. + -Ly?.] Ina
digestive manner; in away that promotes digestion ;
with regard to digestion,
1614 W. B. Philosopher's Banguet (ed, 2) 22 The act diges-
tiuely is finished in the third digestion, _ 1857 W. CoL.ins
Dead Secret (1861) 34 Digestively considered .. even the
fairest and youngest of us is an Apparatus. 1885 /’ad/ Mall
G. 6 May 4/2 Round the garden, groups pose themselves
digestively.
Dige'stiveness. [f. as prec. +-NEss.] The
quality of being digestive or of aiding digestion.
1727 Baitey vol. II, Dégestiveness, digestive Faculty.
1876 L. ‘Vottemacue in /ortn, Rev. Mar. 362 May not this
superiority.. be due .. to the extreme digestiveness of the
St. Moritz air?
+ Dige'stly, adv. Sc. Obs. Also de-. [f.
Dicest a. + -LY 2.) Maturely, deliberately, com-
posedly.
1513 DouGias Af nezs 1x. v. 48 Alethes .. Onto thir wordis
digestly maid ansueris. 1536 BELLENDEN Cron. Scot. (1821)
I. 49 Quhen thir oratouris had sene and degeistlie considerit
this regioun. 1544 Sc. Acts Mary (1814) 449 (Jam.), My ..
lordis of parliament suld avise degestlie quhat is to be done
herein. 1606 Sc. Acts Fas. 17 (1814) 312 (Jam.) For sindrie
vtheris sene and proffitable caussis digestlie considerit.
+ Digestment. 0¢s. rare—'. [f. Dicesr vz.
+ -MENT.] The action or process of digesting ;
methodical disposition or arrangement.
1610 W. Fo.kincHam Art of Survey iv. Concl. 88 Com-
pose in computable digestment all the ‘Tenants with their
‘Tenements and Rents in particular.
Digestor, var. form of DIGESTER.
+ Dige'story, @.and sb. Obs. [ad. L. giges-
tori-us, {. digest- ppl. stem of digerére to Dicest :
see -oRY.]
A. adj. =DIGESTIVE.
1612 Woopatt Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 270 Digestion is
simple maturation, whereby things uncocted in artificial
digestory heat. .is digested.
B. sb. A vessel or organ of digestion.
1675 Evetyn 7erra (1729) 43 Of all Waters, that which
descends from Heaven we find to be the richest..as having
been already meteorized, and circulated in that great Di-
gestory. 1768-74 ‘Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 475 The whole
human body, together with all its viscera, yea, chylopoietic
digestories.
+Dige'sture. Os. Also 6-7 dis-. [f. L.
digest- ppl. stem (see prec.) + -URE: cf. gesture.]
The process or faculty of digesting.
1. =DIGESTION 1, 2.
1565 J. Harte Hist. Exfost. 21 A sanguine man is he that
hathe a good disgesture. 1591 HarincTon Ord, Fur, xxXxt.
Iviii. (1634) 254 To make him drink beyond all good disges-
ture. 1615 LarHam Fadconry (1633) 41 At that time of the
yeere, old food is more drie and hard of digesture. 1674 R.
Goprrey /17. § Ab. Physic 128 Having contracted a Disease
through catching Cold and want of Digesture. a 1700 G.
Harvey (J.), Meals of easy digesture.
2. The putting up with or brooking of anything
unpleasant ; = DIGESTION 4.
1566 PaintER Pal, Pleas. 11. 146 b, The lords..will thincke
it straunge, and receyve the same with ill digesture. 1606 J.
Raynotps Dolarny’s Print. (1880) 92 He already can The
calmie lines with faire digesture brooke.
Diggable (di-gabl), a. [f. Dic v. + -aBLE,]
Capable of being digged.
1552 Hutoet, Diggable or which may be digged, fossi/is.
1847 Craic, Diggadde, that may be digged.
Digger (di-ga1). [f. Dic v.+-ER.] One who
or that which digs,
1. One who excavates or turns up the earth with
a mattock, spade, or other tool; also an animal
that turns up the earth. With adverb, as digger-up.
c 1440 Promp. Parv, 118/1 Deluar or dyggar, fossor. 1585
J. B, tr. Vivet’s Sch. Beastes B Mo The Connies ., are such
continuall diggers and scrapers, that they. .cleave a sunder
and make hollow the stones and rockes, 1608 Carr. J.
Smitrn Let. in Virginia (1624) m1. 72 Send .. gardiners,
fisher men, blacksmiths .. and diggers vp of trees, roots,
well provided. 1650 R. Stapytton Strada’s Low C.Warres
x. 2 Prince Alexander .. sometimes visiting the Diggers,
sometimes the Miners. 1723 Lond. Gaz, No. 6188/8 B. P.
Gardiner, Digger, and Buil 175% Ramble
No. 154 P 11 Treasures are thrown up by the ean and
the digger. 1895 Blackw. Mag. Apr. 623 The digger-up of
primeval bones.
DIGGER.
2. spec. a. A miner, especially one who works
surface or shallow deposits.
1531-2 Act 23 Hen. VIII, c. 8 § x That no per-
person or
sons .. shall labour, dig, or wash any tin in any of the said
tin workes, called Streme workes, vnlesse the saide digger,
owner or w: , shall make .. sufficient hatches ties
in the ende of their buddels and cordes [etc.]. 1570 Dee
Math. Pref. 36 For .. Miners, Diggers for Mettalls .. any
man may easily perceaue .. the great aide of Geometric.
a@ 1661 Futter Worthies, Wades (R.), Fresh aire..whereby
the candle in the mine is daily kept burning, and the diggers
recruited constantly with a sufficiency of breath. 1661 Boy.e
Style of Script, Ep. Ded, (1675) 6 As a homely digger may
shew a man a rich mine.
b. esp. One who digs or searches for gold in a
- gold-field.
1853 Vauiant Let. in MeCombie Hist. Victoria xvi. (1858)
248 It caused the diggers. .to pause in their headlong career.
1856 Emerson Exg. Traits, Lit. Wks. (Bohn) II. 113 Like
diggers in California ‘ prospecting for a placer’ that will
pay. 1869 R. B. Smytu Goldfields Victoria 609 Digger ..
applied formerly to all persons who searched for gold; and
now generally restricted to those who seek for gold in the
shallow alluviums, 1875 Spectator (Melbourne) 19 June 79/2
The rough digger of the primitive era.
ce. One of a tribe or class of N. American Indians
who subsist chiefly on roots dug from the ground.
1837 W. Irvine Capt. Bonneville 11.209 Sometimes the Dig-
gers aspire to nobler game, and succeed in entrapping the
antelope. 1848 Alackw. Mag. LXIV. 132 They came upon
a band of miserable Indians, who, from the fact of their
subsisting chiefly on roots, are called the Diggers. 188:
B. Harte Cargnuines Woods vii. 154 note, Diggers, a loca’
name for a peaceful tribe of Indians inhabiting Northern
California, who live on roots and herbs.
attrib. 1865 Tytor Early /ist, Man. vii. 185 The miser-
able ‘ Digger Indians’, of North America. 1875 F. Parkman
in VN. Amer. Rev. CXX. 43 The abject ‘ Digger’ hordes of
Nevada. 1882 B. Harte /7/if v, Ye might do it to please
that digger squaw.
da. £ng.. Hist. A section of the Levellers in
1649, who adopted communistic principles as to
the land, in accordance with which they began to
dig and plant the commons.
1649 [/xformation, dated 16 April, in Clarke Pa. (Camd.
Soc. 1894) II. 211 One Everard and two more .. all living att
Cobham, came to St. George's Hill in Surrey, and began to
digge on that side the Hill next to Campe Close, and sowed
the ground with gens and carretts, and beans]. /did.
215 (Dec.) To his Excellency the Lord Fairfax .. the
Brotherly Request of those that are called Diggers, sheweth,
That whereas we have begun to digg upon the Commons
for a livelihood, first, for the righteous law of Creation
that gives the earth freely to one as well as another, /did.
221 [| /he Digger's Song) You noble Diggers all, stand up
now, stand up now.. The wast land to maintain, seeing
Cavaliers by name, Your digging does disdaine, and person;
all defame, Stand up now, Diggers all. 1650 NereoHam
Case Commw.79 Vhere is a new Faction started up out of
ours {Levellers}], known by the name of Diggers; who..
have framed a new plea fora Returne of all men ad Tuguria,
that like the old Parthians..and other wild Barbarians, we
might renounce Townes and Cities, live as Rovers, and enjoy
all in common, a@ 1676 WuiteLocke Memorials (1853) 111.
17. 1894 C.H. Firru in Clarke Pa. 11. 222 note, Three
of the Diggers..were brought before the Court at Kingston
for trespass in digging upon St. George's Hill, and infring-
ing the rights of Mr. Drake, the Lord of the Manor,
8. An instrument for digging, a digging tool ;
also the digging part of a machine. Also in various
combs. as hop-digeer, potato-digger, etc.
1686 PLor Staffordsh. 353 They weed their Wheat ..with
an Iron digger. 1819 é SaMouELLE Entomol. Compend.
308 The digger is best with an arrow-headed point. 18:
Gray Lett. (1893) 144 He presented me with a beautiful
botanical digger of fine potest steel, with a leathern sheath.
1861 S. Tuomson Wild FU. ut. (ed. 4) 155 A short ‘digger’
or hand ‘spud’, 1861 7imes11 July, As the engine travels
slowly forward, the digger cuts and throws up the soil behind,
4. A division of Hymenopterous insects, also
called Digger-wasps.
jae Carpenter Zool. § 693 The Crabronida, Labride,
Bembecide, Sphegide, Sciolide, Mutilide ..may be termed
from their peculiar habits... “ossores or Diggers; and the
are commonly known as Sand and IVo0od-|Vasfs. 1871 E. ¥.
Sravevey Brit. /nsects 203 The second division of the pre-
dacious stinging Hymenoptera, known as Fossores, or dig-
gers, consists of the Sand-wasps and Wood-wasps.
5. slang. a. A spur. b. A finger-nail. ¢. A
card of the spade suit ; dig-digger, the ace of spades
(Farmer Slang).
1789 G. Parker Life's Painter 173 s.v.(Farmer), 1818
Lex Balatronicum s.v. (Farmer): Martsett Vocabu-
Jum s.v. (Farmer), 1881 N.Y. Slang Dict, (Farmer), ‘1
will fix my diggers in your dial-plate and turn it up with red,”
6. Comb., as digger-pine, a N. American species
of pine, Pinus sabiniana; digger-wasp (sce
sense 4).
1880 Libr. Univ, Knowl. YX, 123 The digger-wasps ..
catch locusts .. and bury them in their nests for their newly
hatched young.
Riggeress (di-gorés), [f. Dicorr+-xss.] A
ma.
female digger; a digger’s wife,
1864 Rocers New X u. 36 I'm tired of being a dig-
geress,
Digging (di-gin), v7. sb. [f. Dia v. +-ING 1.)
1. The action of the verb to Dic, in various senses ;
an age mephd of this. eo - nee
‘ : . aye
st aioumes bo apaeetoe tio, abs Jk, TAvLOR Holy
in ?
i i. $2 (L.) Let us not project e designs, crafty
ee | diggings so deep that the a a an
shall never be unfolded, 1663 Geir Counsel 25 Int
852
digging ing of the foundations. 1725 Braptey Fam, Dict. s.v.
‘ew Tree, This first digging is to be done always in March.
1738 Lanetye Short Acc. Piers Westm, Br. 27 After the
digging the Pit.. was finished. 1891 Law Times XCII.
106/2 He was only paid for his digging.
b. with an adverb,
1573 Baret AZo. D. 687 A diggin vnder, an undermining,
suffossio. 1817 Consett Addr. Bristol Wks. XXXII. 47
A digging and rooting up of all corruptions. 1890 Dasly
News 4 Sept. 6/4 All digging down work should be paid for
at the rate of 14, per hour extra.
2. fig. The action of studying hard. U.S.
1827-8 Harvard Reg. 312, I find my eyes in doleful case,
By digging until midnight. 1873 W. Maruews Getting on
xv. 244 Men of genius have seldom revealed to us how
much of their fame was due to hard digging.
3. concr. The materials dug out.
1559 in Boys Sandwich (1792) 737, iij laborers vr, fog 4
his — away. a 1626 Bacon /mpeachm. Waste (L.), He
shall have the seasonable loppings; so he shall have season-
able diggings of an open mine. ;
4. A place where digging is carried on, an exca-
vation ; in f/. (sometimes treated as a sing.) applied
to mines, and especially to the gold-fields of Cali-
fornia and Australia, Also with prefixed word, as
gold-diggings, river-digeings, surface-diggings, etc.
Dry- or wet-diggings (see quot. 1889),
1538 Levan /¢in. I. 13 On the South side of Welleden ..
ys a goodly quarre of Stone, wher appere great Diggyns.
1653 Bocan Mirth Chr. Life 122 The earth. .yields a smell
wholesome to the digger in the diggings. 1712 J. James tr.
Le Blona’s Gardening 206 The Wall .. of one Foot thick,
from the Bottom of the Digging, to the Level of the Ground
above. 1769 De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. 1. 39 At Norton, near
Wulpit, King Henry VIII. was induced to dig for Gold.
He was disappointed, but the Diggings are visible at this
Day. 18 e F. Horrman Winter in Far West xxv.
(Bartlett) Mr. ——.. has lately struck a lead..We are now,
you observe, among his diggings. 1839 Marryat Diary
Amer, Ser. 1. Il. 62 The diggings as they term the places
where the lead is found .. were about sixteen miles distant.
1849 //lustr. Lond. News 17 Nov. 325/1 Letter from the
Gold Diggings. 1852 Earp Gold Col. Australia 138 The
diggings are on a creek called Araluen Creek. 1857 Bortu-
wick California 120 (Bartlett) The principal diggings near
Haugtown were surface diggings, but, with the exception
of river diggings, every kind of mining was seen in full
force. 1889 ¥. 'ARMER Americanisms, Wet-diggings and Dry-
diggings are terms in gold districts, for mines near rivers or
on the higher lands as the case may be. 1890 BoLpREwoov
Miner's Right vii. 71 It was a goldfield and a diggings in
far-away Australia.
5. collog. in pl. Lodgings, quarters.
1838 J. C. Neat Charcoal Sketches V1. 119 (Farmer), I
reckon it’s about time we should go to ow diggings. 1844
Dickens Mart. Chuz. xxi. She won't be taken with a
cold chill when she realises what is being done in these
diggings? 1882 Chamb, Fru. 87, 1 returned to my dig-
gings. 1889 J. K. Jerome /hree men in Boat 187 We t
out the hamper. .and started off to look for diggings.
6. attrib. and Comb., as digging-machine, -spade,
-spur, -stick; Aigging-life, life at the gold-dig-
gings.
1719 De For Crusoe (1840) II. vi. 125 A digging spade.
1859 Cornwatus New World 1. 120 Shafts were rn wind-
lasses erected, and the whole paraphernalia of digging life
called into requisition. 1865 Lusnock Preh. Times 358 The
digging-sticks are made of a young mangrove tree. 1874
Knicut Dict. Mech. 1. 702/2 Digging machine (Agric.),
a spading-machine for loosening and turning the soil. 4
A. Smitn New Hist. Aberdeensh. 11, 1120 The next experi-
ment was with the ‘digger’... formed by taking the mould-
board off the plough and putting op the digging breasts.
+ Dighel, a. Forms: 1 diezel, diezol, dyzel,
3 dizel. [OE. déegel, -ol (:—-OTeut. *daugilo-),
found beside déagol (:—daugolo-), =OHG. taugal,
tougal (daugal, dougal) dark, secret: cf. ¢ougan,
dougan concealed, secret.) Secret, obscure.
Beowulf 2719 Hie dyzel lond warizead. axooo Be
Domes Dage (1876) 40 pet hit ne sy dazcud pat pet dible
was, Jbid. 135 Digzle zepancas. axago Owl § Night. 2
Ich was..In one swipe dijele hale. ¢ 1275 Lay. 26935 Hii
comen in one wode..in one dale deope, di3ele bihalues
{cx20g5 dizelen bihalues).
Hence Di‘ghelliche, (also dihlice,
dizeliche, dieliche) adv., secretly ; Di-ghelness
(dijzelnesse, dihelness), secrecy; also Dighen-
lich a. [cf. OHG. tougan), secret; Dighenliche
adv., secretly.
¢ 893 treed Ores, u1.i. § 5 Purh Godes diexelnessa Jbid.
vi. xxl, He weard diegellice cristen, ¢96x ZEruetwoip Kule
St. Benet (1885) 134 Swadihlice wuniende. ¢ 1000 Ags. Gos.
Matt. xiii. 35 Ic bedi e digelnesse. a1200 Winteney Rule
St. Benet xxvii. (1888) Hi3 scullan oft dihlice ealde
witan .. sendan, ¢ 1200
fort he open fint, and dizeliche sm inne.
prod, Aw 550% Fall wel tunnderrstanndenn all pe
boc in Godees ies Pe deope dizhellness. ¢ Lay. 415
Assaracus hit redde mid dizenliche runen, fe 13539
Ford riht faren we him to, dizelliche & stille. a 122g S¢.
Marher. 16 To understonden so derne ping ant so derf, of
es dihelnesse. ica j tinge 6659 Dizenliche [1205 du3e-
che} hine bi-witie, is name deorne,
Dighere, obs. form of Dyer.
Dight (doit), v. Now arch, and dial. Forms:
I diht-an, 2-3 diht-en, 3-4 di3t-e(n, (4 dyghte,
dizt, dizth, 4-5 dyht, dizte), 4-6 dighte (5
dyte, dyth, 5-7 dite, 6 dyght), 4- dight (
Sc. dicht, 8-9 north. dial. deeght, deet). Pa, t.
1 dihte, dihtode, 2-4 dihte, dizte, 4 dizted,
-id, 4-5 di3t, dy3t, 4- dight (6- Se. dichtit).
in. Coll, Hom. iets He seched |
DIGHT.
Pa, dih’ i —
Sadly cet Sat Ges
ictare to dictate, com in language
appoint, prescribe, order, jn nan to write, com.
pose a speech, letter, etc.: see DictaTev. Parallel
forms are OHG. dihtén, tihtin, tictén, thictén to
write, compose, MIIG. ¢¢hten, dichten, to write,
compose, invent, contrive, mod.G. dich/en to com-
pose verses or poetry, MLG. dichten to compose,
institute, contrive, set (oneself), LG. dichten, digten
to versify, invent, contrive, think out, MDu. dichten
to compose (in writing), contrive, institute, prepare,
mod.Du. dichten to invent, compose, versify ; also
Icel. dékta to compose or write in Latin, to write
a romance, to romance, lie, Sw. dik/a to feign,
fable, Da. digte to make poems (from Ger.). e
mutual relations of the OE., OHG., and Norse
words are not quite clear; but the difference of
formation between OE. dihtan:—*dihtjan, and
ONG. téhtén v :—*dihtijan, indicates that they are
independent adoptions of the Latin, although the
change of d to ¢ shows that the word is old in
German. The Norse word must be of later adoption :
if it were old, the expected form would be *dét/a.
From the senses of literary dictation and compo-
sition in which it was originally used, this verb
received in ME. an extraordinary sense-develop-
ment, so as to be one of the most widely used
words in the language. Special er , of
these ME. senses, survive dialectally, esp. in the
north; the modern literary language knows the
pa. age dight, which after being nearly obsolete
in the 18th c., has been largely taken up again
by poets and romantic writers of the 19th c. in
senses 10,14. (In MHG. dichien had also a much
greater development of meaning than in mod.
German.)]
I. To dictate, appoint, ordain, order, dispose of,
deal with, treat.
+1. trans. To dictate, give directions to, direct.
Obs. (Only in OE.)
¢ 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxviii. 16 Da ferdon endlufun
leorning-cnibtas on pone munt, per se halynd dihte.
c 1000 AELFRIC Gen. xvi. Krai fay swa swa him dyhte
Sarai. /bid. xxxix. 23 bribten ..dihte him hwat he
don sceolde. c¢ 1000 — On O. Test. (in Sweet A. S. Reader
60) Moyses awrat..swa swa him God silf dihte on heora
sundersprece. .
+2. To say ordain. Oés.
c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke xxii. 29 Ic eow dihte swa min faeder
me rice dihte. ms | Leg. Kath, 1606 Pe deore drihtin
haued idtht ow ba pe blisfule crune of his icorene. a@
Cursor M. 9369 (Cott.) How pe fader of heuen Dight hi
dere sun to send, c¢ 139° R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 127 Pat
Steuen to dede was dight. 1 He made pe
wordle an ordaynede [v.7. di3te
7795 Pe ioyes sere Pat God has
¢ 1374 Cuaucer 7'roylus ww. 1160 (1188) Ther as be dom of
Mynos wolde it dyghte. a 1400 Pistill of Susan 267, 1 am
deolfolich dam; , and to dep diht. 1400 Afol. 1. 60
A iuge is seid ply aprnee Ao hod iy ag 14.. 4. E Mise.
pk hee Club) 12 A dredefulle payne is for me dy3te. 1558
ill of Willyson (Somerset Ho.), Consyderyng y* death to
every man is dight. Be Scott Marm. 1. vi,
legend bore aright, ‘Who checks at me, to death is dight.’]
+38. To order, keep in order, manage, govern,
ree londeidiht,._78id. ya20 Hh
Lay. 6848 a fe e
mabets pare tAlender fe dinesd pane mone bbe er. Zbad.
seeen a setten heo biscopes Pan folken to dihten. yg
Hali Me us
aor I Engelond
ee we te kn;
AYA “A lexins (Laud oa 28 Reli
Yargoo Chester Pl,
Bethlem shall be
Ayenb. 7 He
babe gated I Conse.
° pare and dyght.
c
¢ says [bid ss007 Pine he vs diht to-day a soueniht. a 1300
sone hast dyghte?_ ¢ Lanfrane’s Ci:
Fat a litil tyme 3itt pou muste have good kun-
witt for to dizte it wel. et et wl
emen. . tHe
la: 1513 DouGLas
what a manner, all to torne, his cruell Dogs him dyght.
B. Discolliminium 52, I feare.also at length some or
other will come and dight us to purpose.
+b. spec. To have to do with sexually. Oés.
1386 Cuaucer Wife's Prol. 398 Al my walkynge out
nyghte Was for per wenches pat he dighte. Jdid.
Lete hir lecchour dighte hire al the nyght. ¢ _ — Man-
ciple’s T. 208, 1393 Lanct. P. Pz. C.1. 27 In hus dronke-
nesse a day hus tres he [Lot] dighte And lay by hem
+5. To dispose, mas iy ee Obs.
R.G \ 8 now 3oure my3te, How
je mow pis oe tobe schip dy3te. a typo Cursor Mf,
DIGHT.
17312 (Cott.) Quy Blame 3e me .. for I aman in graf di3t, Ina
toumb pat was myn awen? 1340 Ayend, 210 Alle po3tes
ulessliche and wordleliche me sse! one uram pe herte pet
wyle god bidde. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 270 Whan he was
to de dight. c1450 S?. Cuthbert (Surtees) 6612 On be
pament pai it dyght. /é¢d. 7138 Pe thrid in tughall pai baim
dyght. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 524 The deid corpis in
tha flang; And syne kest on the muldis on the clay, The
grene erd syne, and dycht the laif away. :
+b. fig. To put into a specified state or condi-
tion ; esp. in to dight to death, to put to death, kill,
slay (see also 2). Ods.
13.. EZ. £. Allit. P, B. 1266 Di3zten dekenes to debe,
dungen doun clerkkes. ¢ 1340 Cursor AL, 18043 (Trin.) Pat
dede from dep to lif he dizt. 1393 Gower Conf II. 145 Ha,
to what peine she is dight. 1415 0. Poems (Rolls) IL. 125
Thorow hem many on to deth were dyght. 1460 Lybeaus
Disc. 1719 To dethe they wyll her dyghte. c1470 Henry
Wallace w. 68 Your selff sone syne to dede thai think to
dycht. 1579-80 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 13 Bold Theseus
to cruel death him dight. 1586 J. Hooker Giradd. /rel. in
Holinshed 1. 179/2 The earle would haue .. dighted the
lord gouernour and all the garisons to greater troubles.
1664 Floddan F, viii. 78 For unto death till we be dight
I promise here to take thy part. 1817 Scorr Harold the
Dauntless vi. vi, Still in the posture as to death when dight.
+c. With inverted construction: To cause, bring
about, inflict (death). Ods.
1 Elegy Edw, I, i, A stounde herkneth to my song,
Of'dael that Deth hath diht us newe. ¢1350 idl. Palerne
151 Hire deth was nei3 di3t. c1g00 Destr. 7 roy 9558 Myche
dole is vs dight to-day. «1450 Cov. ALyst. 265 On of 30u is
my dethe here to dyth. ©1478 Partenay 3444 YF
atwixst his handis he hym haue myght, He wold make hym
ende, And shameuous deth dight !
II. To compose, construct, make, do,
+6. To compose (with words) ; to set down in
writing. Ods.
c 1000 AELFric Life Oswold in Sweet A. S. Reader (1879)
102 Nu eweb se halga Beda, de das boc gedihte. c 1205 Lay.
3150 He letten writen a writ & wel hit lette dihten. ¢ 1275
Tbid. 20669 Nis hit in none boke idiht Pat euere her were
soch fiht. c1425 Hazmpole's Psalter Metr. Pref. 48 Whos
wol it write, I rede hym rygth, wryte on warly lyne be lyne,
And make no more pen here is dygth. a1440 Sir Degrev.
153 A lettre has he dyght.
+7. To compose, put together, frame, construct,
make. Ods.
a317§ Cott, Hom. 233 He alle 3esceop, and all dihte
wid-ute swince. c1200 Trin. Coll, Hom. 25 Ure fader in
heuene feide be lemes to ure licame .. and swo di3eliche
~ hit al dihte, pat on elche feinge is hem onsene, ¢ r205 Lay.
23532 Walles heo gunnen rihten, ba 3eten heo gunnen
dihten, a 1300 Cursor M, 1665 (Cott.), A schippe be-houes
pe to dight. dd. 12388 (Cott.) Plogh and haru cuth he
dight. 1340 did. 23216 (Trin.) No more .. ben peynted
fire .. bat on a wal bi mon were di3t. c¢1r400 Maunpev.
(1839) vi. 70 The place..is fulle well dyghte of Marble.
¢ 1420 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 509 Nygh thi bestes dight A fire
in colde. 1607 Schol. Disc. agst. Antichr. 1, ii. 72 Hee dight
himselfe a triple crowne,
+b. To perform, do. Ods.
c120§ Lay. 15513 Fulle preo nihten heore craftes heo
dihten. c1460 ig Sacram. 849 Alas y* euer thys dede
was dyght. PENSER F, Q, v. ii, 18 Curst the hand
which did that vengeance on him dight.
II. To put in order, array, dress, direct, pre-
pare, make ready, or proper.
+ 8. To put or place in order, to set in array, to
array; to arrange. Ods.
¢1z05 Lay. 20563 Howel sculde dihten britti pusend
cnihten, /did. 27337 Pa bas ferde wes al idiht, ba wes hit
dai-liht. c¢ 1390 R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 2 A hede, pat vs
to werre can dight. 1375 Barsour Bruce 1. 565 His men in
hy he , oe be dycht. ?a1500 Merline 1784 in Furniv. Percy
olio 1. 477 All they can out ryde, & dighten them without
fayle to giue Sir Vortiger battayle. [82x Joanna Batti
et. Leg., Wallace \xi, Were with their leader dight.]
9. To equip, fit out, furnish (wth what is needed),
In later use blending with sense 10: which see as to the
modern use of the pa.pple in romantic language.
c1205 Lay. 15104 ile scip he dihte mid ese hundred
cni{h]ten, @1300 Cursor M. 24807 (Edin.), Wit tresori his
schip was diht. ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 617
Do dight a schip wip sail & ore Ryght as pou a marchaund
wore. Capcrave Chron. 33 Nyne hundred cartis dith
with hokis of yrun. 1470-85 Matory Arthur nu. xv, He
entryd in to a chambyr that was merueillously wel dy3te
and rychely. 1555 App. Parker Ps. li. 149 Wyth sacrifice
of calfe and cow, they shall thyne aulters dyght. 1590
Spenser F, Q. 1. iv. 6 The hall.. With rich array and
costly arras dight. 1805 Scorr Last Minstr.1. vi, Why do
these steeds stand ready dight? /é/d.v. xxvii, In Sir William’s
armour dight, Stolen by his Page, while slept the knight.
+b. With inverse constr.: To fit (some equip-
ment) ¢o or upon. (Cf. 10b.) Obs. or arch.
©1475 Rauf Coilzear 677 With Dosouris to the duris dicht.
ie . H, Wappect Ps. xly. 3 Dicht yer swurd ontil yer
thie.
10. To clothe, dress, array, deck, adorn (7, and
Jig.). + To dight naked, to undress, strip.
Boe pees pee = the pee dight efor by Sir Walter
ott, and in later poetic and romantic lan, : it appears
to be often taken as an archaic form of a “
¢x200 Trin. Coll, Hon. 87 Clensed of fule sinnes, and
diht mid lodlesnesse. a 1300 Cursor M. 24552 (Edin.), Pan
nicodem.. Wit Iosep Bee om
Tars 848 The soudan dihte him naked anon. ¢1340 Cursor
M, 2249 (Fairf.), pai dight ham in pat tide wip hors skynnys
and camel hide. 1388 Wyctir /sa. xl. 19 A worchere in
siluer schal dizte it with platis of siluer. a@1q50 Avt. de
ta Tour (1868) 69 The oe that she dite so her selff with.
1530 Patscr. 516/1 A foule woman rychly dyght semeth
fayre by candell lyght. 1579 Spenser Sheph, Cal. Jan. 22
y syames r wie with Daffadillies dight. 1596 — 7. Q.
oL, s
cors to diht. ¢1330 King of |
|
353
Iv. x. 38 Damzels in soft linnen dight. 1600 Hottanp Livy
ut. vi. 48 Dight [decoratus] in our roiall ensignes and orna-
ments. 1632 Mitton L’Adlegro 62 The clouds in thousand
liveries dight. 1632 — Penseroso 159 Storied windows richl
dight Casting a dim religious light. 1632 MassincEer
Fietp Fatal Dowry iv. i, To see a young, fair, handsome
beauty unhandsomely dighted and incongruently accoutred.
1663 Butter Hud. 1. ili. 928 Just so the proud insulting
Lass Array’d and dighted Hudibras. 1808 Scorr Mar.
vi. Introd. iii, But, O! what maskers richly dight. 1817
Worpsw. Vernal Ode i, All the fields with freshest green
were dight. a@1845 Baruam /ngol. Leg., Wedding-day,
There stand the village maids dight in white. 1887 Bowen
Virg, Aéneid uu, 517 Orion, in golden panoply dight.
b. With inverse constr.: To put on (armour,
apparel, etc.). (A Spenserian use.)
1590 SpensER J. Q. 1. vii. 8 Ere he could his armour on
him dight. 15390 — Muiopotmos 91 His shinie wings .. he
did about him dight. 1591 — 4/7, Hubberd 1279 Tho on
his head his dreadfull hat he dight. 1654 Gayton Pleas.
Notes u. vi. 59 She straightway dight her robes.
+e. To dress (a wound); to attend to as a
surgeon or ‘leech’. Oés.
©1340 Cursor M. 14064 (Fairf.), Ho hir oynement me bo3t
& diz3t bar-wib my fote & shank. 1464 AZaun. §& Housch.
Exp. 246 To Watkyn the Kynggys horseleche, ffor dytynge
my masterys horsses iij.s. ilij.d. 1467 /did. 423 My wyffe
poe to a schorgon, fore dytenge ethene wane he was
orte, xij.d. cxgo0o Spir. Remedies in Halliwell Nagae
Poet. 64 My..woundys.. bene .. depe .. Her smertyng
wylle nat suffre me to slepe, Tylle a leche with dewte
have theme dyght. 1533 BELLENDEN Livy u. (1822) 136
He deceissit sone eftir that his wound wes dicht.
d. trontcally. To dirty, befoul. dad.
1632 Marmion Holland's Leaguer 1. ii, Straight we shall
fall Into a lake that will foully dight us. 1674 Ray WC.
Words 14 To Dight: Cheshire to foule or dirty one. 1869
Lonsdale Gloss., Deet, to dirty. 1877 N. II. Linc. Gloss.
s.v., Thy han’s is strange an’ dighted up wi’ dirt.
+11. To make ready, get ready (a person):
chiefly ref. to make oneself ready, prepare, set, or
address oneself (40 do something’. Ods.
c 1208 Lay. 12429 Seodde heo heom dihten to bi-witen ba
dich mid cnihten. _@1300 Cursor AT. 11179 (Cott.), loseph
dight him for to ga To bethleem, 1375 Cantic. de Creatione
in Anglia I. 303 etc., Eue dizte here to childyng. c 1400
Destr, Troy 8636 The dethe of pat Duke he dight hym to
venge. c1425 Seven Sag. (P.) 289 Lat dyght messangers 3are
Aftir hym for to fare. a1gso Christis Kirke Gr. ii, To ae
thir damysellis thame dicht. ?1591 C’ress Pemproker Dole-
Jull Lay Clorinda 105 in Spenser Astroph., Full many other
moe... Gan dight themselves t’ express their inward woe
With doleful lays. 1596 Spenser /.Q. v1 ii. 18 He. .straight
bids him dight Himself to yeeld his Love.
+12. ref. To direct oneself or one’s way; to
make one’s way, repair, go. Obs.
a 1300 Cursor AI, 10551 (Gott.', Quen pis angel away was
diht, Tua men per cam were clad in quiht. c¢1330 R.
Brunne Chron, (1810) 113 Sipen [he] dight him to Scotland.
¢1386 Cuaucer Monk's Prol, 26 And out at dore anon
I moot me dighte. 1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy iv. xxix, To-
warde Troye your way was not dyght. c1450 St, Cuthbert
(Surtees) 788 ‘Io pe currok bai paim dyght. 1596 Spenser
F. Q. 1v.1.. 16 They both uprose and to their waies them
gight. Ibid. v. iv. 43 She fiercely towards him her self gan
ight.
+13. trans. To direct, address, proffer, offer.
Obs. rare.
@1300 Cursor AT, 13990 (Cott.) Ful fair seruis symon him
dight, Als was to suilk a lauerding right. 1393 Gower
Conf. II. 173 Goddes..To whom ful great honour they
dighten. 1568 T. Howett Ard. Amutie (1879) 46 Hir
wylling helpe she dightes.
4. To prepare, make ready for use or for a
purpose; a. in general sense, (Revived in poetic
and romantic use.)
a1325 Prose Psalter Song of Simeon, For myn e3en
sezen pyn hele, Pe which pou di3ted to-fore be face of alle
folkes. ¢1340 Cursor AI, 13767 (Fairf.), Per-in was angels
wont to lizt and pat ilk water diz3t. ¢1g00 Rom, Rose 4240
A nyght His instrumentis wolde he dight, For to blowe
& make sowne. ¢1420 Padllad. on Husb. 1. 1123 Grounden
shelles dight With flour’of lyme. c1440 Promp. Parv.
123/2 Dyhtyn’, parvo, preparo. 1476 Plumpton Corr. 36
As for the cloth of my ladies, Hen. Cloughe putt it to a
shereman to dight. 1520 Lanc. Wills Il, 11 My okie yt
is sponne, to dyght it and make in cloth. 1590 SPENSER
FF ¢. ul, xi. 2 Alma. .to her guestes doth bounteous banket
di Datrymece tr. Leslie’s Hist. Scot. 1. 94 Thay
t. F,
take the sa meklewame of ane slain ox, thay turne and
dicht it, thay fill it partlie with water partlie with flesche.
1609 SkENE Reg. Maj. 127 And gif they dicht, or prepair
the flesh not well, they sall restore the skaith to the awner
of the beast. 1613 Beaum. & Fi. Coxcomb w. iii, Have a
care you dight things handsomely. 1821 Joanna Battie
Met. Leg., Elder Tree xxv, To dight him for earth or
heaven, 1871 B. Taytor Faust (1875) II. v. i. 272 Haste
and let the meal be dighted ’Neath the garden’s blooming
trees. oat d Morais Odyss. tv. 768 This Coun of the many
wooers dights the wedding for us then.
In specific senses : +b. To prepare, make ready
(food, a meal); to cook; to prepare or mix (a
potion or medicine). Ods.
a 1300 Cursor M. 24398 (Cott.) Pai did him dight a bitter
drink, ..of gall of aissil graid. c13z0 R, Brunne Medit. 49
Pe soper was dy3t as y herd sey. ¢x400 Maunpev, (Roxb.)
xiv. 64 For pai hafe lytill wode, bai dight pbaire mete
Noble Bk.
with dung of bestez dried at pe sonne. 14..
Cookry (Napier 1882) 96 To dight a pik in sauce. 1459
Corpus Christi Coll. Contract in Willis & Clark Cambridge
(1886) I. 259 His mete to be dyght in the kechyn at there
costis, 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 68/1 She slewe a_paske
lambe..and dighted and sette it to fore hym, 1535 Cover-
DALE Gen, xxv. 29 And Jacob dight a meace of meate.
1 Esdras i, 12 As for the thank offeringes & the other, they
DIGHTER.
dight them in kettels & pottes. 1561 Hoitypusn Howe.
Afoth, 20 Chap it smal and dight it lyke a thycke potage.
@1569 KincesmyLt Godly Advise (1580) 2 The fine cooke
men dight the rude morsell with some conceite of their
cunning. 1721 Ketty Sc. Prov. 12 (Jam.) A friend’s dinner
is soon dight. :
e. To repair, put to rights, put in order (what
is out of order). Now déad.
@1300 Cursor M. 19755 (Cott.) ‘ Rise’, he said, ‘bi bedd
pou dight’. c14g0 St. Cuthdert (Surtees) 2570 With in thre
days all hale dyght. 1580 Vestry Bhs, (Surtees) 121 Item
paid to Thomas Sim for dighting the leads, iiijd. [187
N. IW. Linc. Gloss., Dight up, to repair, put in order, 7
mun hev these yates an’ stowps dighted up afore th’ steward
comes ’.]
d. To polish or burnish up so as to fit for use;
to cleanse from rust, or the like. Ods. or dad.
a1400 Cuaucer Rom. Rose 941 Arowis .. shaven wel and
dight. c1ge0 Debate Carp. Tools, Halliwell Nugae Poet.
15, I schalle rube, with all my myght, My mayster tolys for
to dyght. 1513 Douctas vers vi. vii. 133 Ane part
polyst, burnyst weill and dycht. 1532-33 Christ’s Coll. Audit-
Bk, in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) II. 206 Item payd
..for dyghtyng the egle and candyllstykkes x". 1535 Cover-
DALE Baruch vi. 22 Excepte some body dight off their rust,
they wil geue no shyne. 1536 BELLENDEN Cvon. Scot. (1821)
I, Proheme p. xii, And dois the saule fra all corruption dicht.
a1605 Montcomerte Misc. Poems xii. 34 All curageous
knichtis Againis the day dichtis The breist plate that bright
is To feght with thair fone. 1674-91 Ray NV. C. Words 140
To Deeght, Extergere, mundare. a1774 FerGusson Povms
(1789) II. 69 (Jam.), Wi mason’s chissel dichted neat. 1825-
80 JAMIESON s. v., The act of smoothing a piece of wood by
means of a plane is called ‘ dichting a deal’,
e. ‘lo winnow, so as to separate the clean corn
from the chaff and other refuse. .Sc. and 207th. dial.
c1611 CHAPMAN /@iad v. 498 And as, in sacred floors of
barns, upon corn-winnowers flies The chaff, driven with an
opposite wind, when yellow Ceres dites. 1618 — Hesiod u.
343 To dight the sacred gift of Ceres’ hand, In some place
windy, on a well-plan’d floor. 1619 Naworth Housch, Bhs.
gt For threshing and dighting v bushells and a peck of
wheat. 1786 Burns Adar. Unco Guid, heading, The cleanest
corn that e’er was dight May hae some pyles o’ caff in.
1801 Jo. Hoce Poems 104 (Jam.' That it was lawful, just,
an’ right Wi’ windasses folk’s corn to dight. 1808 R.
Anperson Cumberld, Ball, 72 Vll ax his wark, an muck
the byres, Or deet, an thresh the cworn, 1816 Scorr Odd
Mort. vii, A new-fangled machine for dighting the corn frae
the chaff. 1878 Cumbld. Gloss. Deet, deeght, to winnow or
dress corn. JZod. Sc. (Roxb.) Dichtin’ in the barn wi’ the
windasses is a dusty job.
f. To wipe clean or dry. Sc. and north Eng.
dial.
1681 Cotvit Whigs Supplic. (1751) 120 With his hanker-
chief he dights off 'l'ears from his eyes. 1724 Ramsay 7va-t.
Misc. (1733) 1.8 He dighted his gab, and he pri’d her mou’.
1728 — Anacreontic on Love 21, 1 .. Dighted his face, his
handies thow’d. a 1803 Douglas Trag. viii. in Child Bad.
dads (1882) 1. 101/1 She’s taen out her handkerchief, .. And
aye she dighted her father’s bloody wounds. 1816 Scorr.
Old Mort. x\, Morton. .underwent a rebuke for not ‘dight-
ing his shune’, 1830 Gatt Lawrie 7. vil. iii, (1849) 327 She
may dight her neb and flee up. 1878 Cuaudbld. Gloss., Deet,
deeght, to wipe or make clean. 1892 Northuimdbld. Gloss.
Mod. Sc. Dicht the table before you set anything on it.
Take a cloth and dicht it up.
+15. To ‘dress’ in husbandry (vines, land, etc.) ;
to cultivate, till, or attend to (plants, crops, etc.).
¢1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxii. 103 Pe whilk telez pe land
and dightez vynes. ¢1420 Padlad, on Hush. 1. 81 Yf the
vyne is dight with mannes hond. 1496 Dives § Paup. (W.
de W.) 11. xiv. 149/2 Yf corn or grasse be in the felde &
sholde be lorne but it were dyght & gadred, it is lefull in
the holy dayes to saueit. 1532 Herver Xenophon's Househ,
(1768) 78 The ground that is well tylled and dyght, wyll
coste moche more money. 1867 Martet Gr. Forest 46 It
roweth in waterie places and those softlye dighted and
anked about.
916. To lift, raise.
Spenser.)
1590 SPENSER FQ. 1. viii, 18 With which his hideous club
aloft he dights.
Hence + Dight, dighted, A//. a. Obs.
1422 tr. Secreta Secret. Priv. Priv. 165 Put ber_ynne
of be forsayd dightyd hony thre Rotes. 1535 Cover-
DALE Yer. xxxvii. 21 To be geuen him a cake of bred, and
els no dighte meate. 1569 I/7//s § nv. N. C, (Surtees
1835) 310 Eight dight calffe skinnes v*.
Dight, sd. da’. In Sc. dicht. [f. Dicnt v.]
A wipe, a rub in order to clean or dry: see
Dicur zv.
1887 in Donatpson Suppl. Famieson. 1889 J. M. Barrie
Window in Thrums iii, ‘For mercy's sake, mother’, said
Leeby, ‘gie yer face a dicht, an’ put on a clean mutch’.
b. (See quot.)
1890 Glouc. Gloss., Dight, ‘a dight of a body’, a proud
thing: of a woman.
+ Dight, adv. Obs. rare. Properly, fitly.
a1800 Lord Randal 66 (Child Badlads 1864 11. 25) The
birdie sat on the crap o’ a tree, And I wat it sang fu’ dight,
(An erroneous use by
— (dai'tar). Obs. exc. dial. [OE. dzhtere,
f. dihtan to dictate, etc.: see DicHT. Corresp. to
MUG. dihtwere, téhter, writer, poet, Ger. dichter
poet.] One who dights, in various senses of the
verb: a. A composer, author, director, ruler, pre-
parer ; a winnower. b. A winnowing machine. —
axo00 St. Guthlac Prol. (Goodw. 4) Ic write swa me da
dihteras seedon de his lif..cudon. ¢ 1000 AELFric Gloss. in
Wr.-Wiilcker 140/21 Commentator, expositor, dihtere. 1340
Ayenb, 100 Efterward zeppe pet he ys uader, he is di3tere
and gouernour and leg Se his mayné. ¢1537 Thersytes
in Hazl. Dodsley 1. 422 David Doughty, aT dates.
DIGHTING.
1598 Fiorio, Prestatore, a prouider, a dighter, a vsurer.
e¢x61r Carman /liad vy. The +. Which all the
diters’ feet, legs, arms, their heads and shoulders whites.
1805 A. Scorr Poems, aigieing of Barley 69 \Jam.) The
floating atoms did appear, To dab the dighters over. 1892
Northumbild. Gloss., Dighter, a winnower
winnowing machine.
hting (deitin), vd/. sb. [f. Dicur v.]
1. The action of the verb Dicut, in various
senses; putting in order, arraying, dressing, pre-
paring, repairing ; winnowing (of corn); wiping.
1340 Ayend, 24 Pe diztinge of his house. /did. 47 Levedi
of uaire’diztinge. 1410 Love Bonavent. Mirr. xv. (Gibbs
MS.) 38 Pere is no yly mete so lykynge to me as pat is
of hyre dyghtynge. 1450 Churchw. Acc. Walberswick, Su/f-
ofcorn, Alsoa
Solk (Nichols 179) 188 For dityng of the belles. 1458 ©
Churchw. Acc. St. Andrew's, East Cheap in Brit. Mas.
XXXI. 249 Item, paied to a laborer for dightyng of the
Churchawe, .> 1464 Mann, §& Househ. Exp. Eng. 274
To hg iggdem ore for dytynge of a gowne of my ladyis,
_xxiij.d. 1535 Coverpace /zek. xxi. 11 He hath put his
swearde to y* dightinge. 1567 Martet Gr. Forest Introd.,
Things..of Natures tempering and dighting. 161 FLorio,
Accéncio, a dighting, a making fit or readie. a1774 Fer-
cusson Farmer's Ingle Poems (1845) 35 When. .lusty lassies
at the dightin tire. ; i
2. concr.( pl.) +a. That with which something
is dighted; fittings. Os. b. The winnowings or
siftings of corn; refuse in general. dial.
1598 Forio, Corrédi, ornaments, equipage. . furnitures, or
dightings. 1768 Ross //e/enore 35 Had my father sought
the warld round, Till he the very dightings o’t had found.
1808 JAMIESON s.v., 1. Refuse, of whatever kind. 2. The
refuse of corn, after sifting, given to horses or cattle.
+ Dightly, adv. Obs. [f. Dicut ffl. a. +-LY2.]
In a well-equipped manner, fitly.
¢ 1633 T. Apams Pract. IW’ks. (1861) I. 27 (D.) Grounds full
stocked, houses dightly furnished, purses richly stuffed,
Digit (di-dzit), sd. [ad. L. dégit-us finger.]
1. One of the five terminal divisions of the hand
or foot; a finger or toc. a. In ordinary language,
a finger. Now only humorous or affected.
1644 Butwer Chirol. Aiijb, Where every Digit dictates
and doth reach Unto our sense a mouth-excelling speech.
1677 W. Husparp Narrative Postcr. 10 They had dis-
membred one hand of all its digits. 1864 Sata in Dai/y
Tel. 21 Nov., Why should they spoil their pretty digits with
thimble and housewife?
b. Zool. and Comp. Anat, (The proper term.)
1802 Med. ¥rni. VILL. 283 We find among reptiles, all the
combinations of digits, from five to one, taken between two
pairs of hands or claws. 1854 Owen Skeleton in Cire. Sc.,
Organ, Nat. 1. 219 In the marine chelonia the digits of both
limbs are elongated. 1870 Ro.Leston Anim. Life 17 In
the foot the fifth or outer digit is never present. 1881
Mivart Cat 285 The special organ of touch is the skin,
above all the skin of the muzzle, tongue, and digits.
2. The breadth of a finger used as a measure ;
a finger’s breadth, three-quarters of an inch. Some-
times used as=an inch.
The Roman digitus was 4 of the foot (pes) =o-728 of an
inch, or 18-5 millimeters,
a 1633 Austin AMedit, (1635) 108 The Inch (or digit,) the
Palme, the Foote .. are (all) Measures, which wee carry in
our Bodie. 1635 N. Carpenter Geog. Del. 1. viii. 195 A cubit
contains, according to Heron, a Foot and halfe, or 24 Digits.
1649 G. Daniet Trinarch., Hen. V, ccliv, "Tis. .farre beyond
our Skill To measure out by Digits, Harrie’s fame. 1669
Boyce Contn, New. Exp. i. (1682) 5 When... the Mercury
in the Tube... descends to the height of 29 Digits (I take
Digits for Inches throughout all this Tract). 1807 Rosinson
Archeol. Greca Wi, xx. 321 A certain round plate three or
four digits (or between two and three inches) thick. 1864
H. Spencer /llustr. Univ. Progr. 161 The Egyptian cubit
..was divided into digits, which were finger-breadths.
3. Arith. Each of the numerals below ten (ori-
ginally counted on the fingers), expressed in the
Arabic notation by one figure ; any of the nine, or
(including the cipher, 0) ten Arabic figures.
[1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xix. cxxiii. (1495) 923 Eche
symple nombre byneth ten is Digitus : and ten is the fyrst
Articulus.] ¢1425 Craft Nombrynge(E. E. T. S.) 3 Pere ben
thre spices of nombur. Oone is a digit, Anober is an Articul,
& pe tober a Composyt. 1542 Recorpe Gr. Artes (1575) 53
A Digit is any number vnder 10. 1646 Six T, Browne
354
+ Digit, v. Obs. rare. [f. prec. sb.: cf L.
digito aD to point out with the finger.]
trans. To point at with the finger; to point out,
indicate,
Lemp od Ferruam Resolves 1. xxviii. 48, I shall never care
to be digited, with a That is he. = Brit, Apolla No. 107.
2/2 A most Pathetic Emblem this, To Digit out the Surest
Bliss.
Digital (di-dzital), a. and sb. [ad. L. digitalis
of or belonging to the finger, f. digit-us a finger,
Dierr. Cf. F. digital (1545 in Hatz.-Darm.)]
A. adj. 1. Of or pertaining to a finger, or to
the fingers or digits.
1656 Biount Glossogr., Digital, pertaining to a finger.
1783 Anat, Dial. v. (ed. 2) 285 At the ends of the fingers
these digital arteries..unite. 1802-25 Syp. Smitu Ess, (ed.
Beeton) 77 Here are 160 hours employed in the mere digital
rocess of turning over leaves! 1840 G. Eitis Anat, 410
The digital nerves of the superficial branch of the ulnar are
two. 1874 Athenaeum 30 May, A lady, with an unparalleled
| “fs of digital dexterity.
. Resembling a digit or finger or the hollow im-
| pression made by one: applied in Anat. to various
parts or organs,
Digital cavity, the posterior corner of the lateral ventricle
of the brain. Digital fossa, a pit-like depression on the
thigh-bone, where five muscles are inserted : see quot. 1855.
| Digital impressions: see quot. 1883.
1831 R. Knox Cloguet’s Anat. 428 The Digital Cavity or
Posterior Horn is entirely lined by medullary substance.
1855 Hotpen Hum. Osteol. (1878) 195 Behind the neck of
the femur, and beneath the projecting angle of the trochanter
major, is a deep excavation called the digital fossa, 1883
Syd. Soc. Lex., Digital impressions, the grooves on the
inner surface of the cranial bones which correspond to the
convolutions of the brain ; so called from their shape.
3. Having digits ; hence digttal-footed.
1833 Sir C. Bett Hand (1834) 98 There are some very rare
instances of a horse having digital extremities. 1 ir S.
Frrcuson Ogham Luscript. 148 The digital feet unite these
.. examples with other symbolisms .. Here also are found
digital-footed equine figures.
B. sé. +1. =Driair sé. 3. Obs.
c1430 Art Nombrynge (E. E. T. S.) 1 Another digitalle
is a nombre with-in 10.
2. A finger (humorous).
1840 Fraser's Mag. XX1. 160 To fling his broad plebeian
paws and right cannie digitals around Sir Robert Peel.
1840 /bid. XX11. 397 Hundreds of thousands vanish at the
touch of royal digitals. 1858 Lytton What will he dow.
ix, Who wear..paste rings upon unwashed digitals.
3A key played with the finger in a musical in- |
strument, as a piano or organ,
1878 W. H. Stone Sci. Basis Music v, 62 Colin Brown's
Natural Fingerboard. . The digitals consist of three separate
sets .. The first, second, fourth, and fifth tones of the scale
are played by the white digitals.
Digita‘lia, Chem.: see DiGitaLin.
Digitalic (didgitelik), a. [f. Dieirat-is +
-1c.) Of or pertaining to digitalis; in digitalic |
acid, an acid obtained from the leaves of the fox-
glove, crystallizing in white acicular prisms.
1858 Hocc Veg. Kingd. cxlv. 566 M. Morin, of Geneva,
has also discovered in the leaves [of the Fox-glove] two
acids; one fixed, which he calls digitalic acid, the other
volatile, and called antirrhinic acid. 1863-72 Watts Dict.
Chem. 11. 328 Digitalic acid crystallises_ in needles.
Digitaliform (-te'lifvim), a. Bot. [f. L.
digitalis (see below) + -ForM.] Of the form of the
corolla of the fox-glove, ‘like campanulate, but
longer and irregular’. e
1859 C. Dresser Rudin. Bot. 313 Digitaliform .. when a
corolla which is somewhat campanulate is contracted near
the base, and has one oblique limb. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex.,
Digitaliform, finger- or glove-shaped.
Digitalin (di-dzitalin). Chem. [f. Dierrat-1s
+-IN.] The substance or substances extracted from
the leaves of the ped, wpe as its active principle.
Originally supposed to be an alkaloid, and hence named
| digitalia, digitaline, but now known not to contain nitro-
Pseud. Ep. wiv. 186 On the left [hand] they accounted their |
digits and articulate numbers unto an hundred, on the t
hand hundreds & thousands. 1674 Jeake Arith. (1696) 5
Integers are .. divided into Digits, Articles, and mixt num-
bers. 1788 Priesttey Lect. //ist. v. xxxvi. 264 The nine
digits in Arithmetic. 1827 Hurron Course Math, 1. 4 The
Numbers in Arithmetic are expressed by the. .ten digits, or
Arabic numeral figures. Sir R. Batt Story of Sun 56
The seven .. may be in error by one or even two digits.
attrib, 1613
one digite number from the next ynto it.
4. Astron. The twelfth part of the diameter of
the sun or moon ; used in expressing the magnitude
of an eclipse.
1591 NAsHe phe prengretagee Wheras the Sun is darkned
but Mf digits, and that v; y’ south points. 1687 Drvpen
Hind & P. 11. 609 We..Can calculate how long th’ eclipse
endur'd, Who interpos’d, what digits were obscur'd. 1706
Hearne Collect. 2 May, Ye Sun..was darkned 10 digits 4
1854 Mosecey As/ron. xlv. (ed. 4) 147 The usual method. .
is to divide the whole diameter of the disc into twelve eq
rts called digits. 1879 Procror Rough Ways (1880) 9
Phe ring was about a digit in breadth,
+ 5. Geom. A degree of a circle, or of angular
measure. Ods. rare.
_ 1653 Gataxer Vind. Annot. Yer. 35 By their Calculation
it was but eleven digits, and one fourth, which I conceiv ta
be fifteen minutes. .a digit isting of sixty i
-
| crystallised variet
H.C
ACKSON Creed 1, 9t Three from foure, or | occurs in. .needle-shaped
| and persistent bitter taste.
gen. There is reason to think, however, that different bodies
cag how Crt Vil aie bs ive substa
Penny Cycl. F 1 An extractive substance..
io which iheuame of Di, iesline has been given, [/bid. 495
Digitalia, a vegetable li procured from the .. foxglove.
1838 IT. Tnomson Chem. Org, Bodies 283 Digitalina has
not yet been obtained in an isolated state.) 1872 Warts
Dict. Chem. V1. 545, The more soluble (so-called German)
digitalin is obtained from the seeds, the less soluble or
iety from the leaves of the connie. _ 1875,
. Woon Therap. (1879) 134 Crystallizable digitalin
crystals, an intense
1881 Standard 30 Dec, 2/5 He
asked for five grains of pure digitalin, the active principle
of foxglove. saa é er
Hence Digitalinic (-linik) a, in Digitalinic
acid, ‘an acid obtained by boiling insoluble digi-
talin with soda’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.).
I talis (didzitélis). [mod.L., from L.
digitalis of or pertaining to the fingers; the plant
was so named by Fuchs 1542, in allusion to the
ual | German name Fingerhut, i.e. thimble.]
1. Bot. A genus of plants of the N.O. Scrophu-
Jariacee, including the foxglove (D. purpurea).
[1568 Turner Herbad 1. 16 It is named of some in Latine,
Antials-/as dottle Marigold, Digitalis Delphinium. 379%
ae inium. 1
& Dosen Bot. Gard, (2799) il. 108 ‘Aneones bright Dai
talis’ dress and air.
~
DIGITATO-.
site ape eden Domest
1800 /bid. 1V. 532 He has taken the
lis. 3837 Penny Cycl. VIL. 496 Digi H has the
: tally (didgitali), adv. [f. Dicrran a. +
-LyY ¥.] By means of or with respect to the fingers.
presented
between the fore and miadte -—
+ Di-gitary, «. Obs. [fL. digit-us Dicrt: see
-akY.] Of or pertaining to the fingers.
31767 A. Campsett Lexiph. (1774) 38 A pruriginous. .erup-
tion of pustules in the digitary interstices.
Digitate (di-dzitét), a. (sd.) [ad. L. digitat-us
having fingers or toes, f. digzt-us finger.)
1. Zool, Of quadrupeds: Having separate or
divided digits or toes.
1661 Lovett Hist. Anim,
bisulcs usually being greater t
Cyctl. Anat. 1. 470/2 ‘Vhe characters of t
tinct from the rest of the digitate animals.
2. Divided into parts resembling fingers: sfec.
a. Bot. Of leaves, etc.: Having deep radiating
divisions ; now usually applied to compound leaves
consisting of a number of leaflets all springing from
one point, as in the horse-chestnut. (Hence in
Comb., as digitate-pinnate.) b. Zool. Having, or
consisting of, finger-like processes or divisions.
1788 J. Lez /ntrod. Bot. ut. vi. (ed. 4) 201 The Folioles of
which the digitate Leaf consists. 1828 Stark Elem. Nat,
Hist. 11. 373 Wings. .cleft or digitate. 1870 Hooker Stud.
Flora 423 Spikes digitate, spikelets minute—Cynodon. 1880
Gray Struct. Bot. iu. § 4. 101 Palmate or Digitate Leaves..
in which the leaflets all stand on the summit of,the petiole.
+ B. as sb. A digitate quadruped (see A. 1). Ods.
1661 Lovett //ist. Anim. §& Min. Introd., Oviparous digi-
tates, having diverse toes, and bringing forth eggs.
Digitate (di-dzite't), v. [f. L. dégit-us + -aTE3:
ef. Dierr v.]
+1. ¢rans.._To point at with the finger; fig. to
point out, indicate. Ods. rare.
1658 J. Rosinson Eudoxa viii. 46 The supine resting on
Water onely by retention of Air. .doth digitate a reason,
2. inir. To become divided into finger-like paits,
1796 StepMAN Surinam II, xix. 68 These again diverge
or digitate in long broad leaves. 1840 G. Eitis Anat. 39
Processes of it. .cross or digitate with the white bundles.
3. trans. To express with the fingers. (sonce-use.)
Mix. Introd., Solipeds and
n the digitate. 1835-6 Topp
Carnivora as dis-
1823 New Monthly Mag. VII. 498 7 lk with their
fingers and digitate quotations from Shakspeare.
Digita didziteitéd), a. [f. L. digétat-us
DiciratE a, + -ED.J
1. Zool. and Bot, =Dieirate a.
1646 Six T. Browne Pseud. Ff. vi. vi. 298 Animals multi-
fidous, or such as are digitated or have severall divisions in
their feete. 1753 Cuampers Cyc. ras s.v. Leaf, Digi-
tated Leaf, expresses a compound one, of a num!
of simple licks, placed re care on a common petiole,
1839-47 Toop Cycl. Anat. 111. 9s/2 The structure alluded
to is a digitated extension of the whole substance of the
upper part of the iris. 1840 F. D. Bennett Whaling Voy.
IL r46'The bones of the arms coincide with those of digitated
quadru 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat, xviii. (1879) Mad
bread-fruit, conspicuous from its. .deeply digitated leaf.
2. Having divisions for the tote, j
3882 7%; Man, 6 Diadas ed stockii for pedestrians,
die Sieadard os 5/1 Digitated soles
Digitately isdgitettli), adv, [f. Dicirate a.
+-LY*.) Ina digitate oe ‘
Dana Z (1848) 619 Branches compressed, di:
rately subdivided." 3000 Bake in rad. Bor, Xl. a the
leaves are simple or digitately trifoliolate.
Digitation (di iter fon). {f. DierratE v. or
a.: see-aTion. Cf. F. digitation Cotgr.]
+1. A touching, or pointing, with the finger. Ods.
x Puiturs Digitation, a pointing with the fingers,
R. Hotme Armoury u. 387/1 Digitation..is a bare or
simple touching of a thing. 1721-2800 in Baitry. :
2. The condition of being digitate ; division into
fin or finger-like processes.
B'. Biount Glossogr., Digitation, the form of the fingers
both hands joyned together, or the manner of their so joyn-
ing: Cotgr. 1721-1800 in fa! & 1847 Craic, rp kt
ivision int -like processes, as ex
y several of the muscles. .in their coalescence on the ribs.
. concr, (Zool. and Bot.) One of a number of
finger-like processes or dighste divisions,
1709 Bair in Phil. Trans. XXVII. 114 Where the Liga-
ments cease, they become .. half
at their upper extremities
round, and sometimes form'd into Digitations. 1802 BincLry
Anim, Biog. (1813) 1. 17 Sometimes, as in the Bats, the
digitations of the anterior feet are greatly elongated. 1837
Quain Elem, Pee (ed. 4) 359 oe — border
Ga dee tocven's Zool. 1. 293 Wings..cloven, with fringed
digitations.
tato- (didzitz-to), comb. form of Dicrrate
a. ; in Digitato-palmate a., shaped like a hand
with finger-like divisions; Digitato-pinnate <.,
a having finger-like divisions bearing pinnate
leaflets.
1846 Dana Zooph. (1848) 527 Apex often digitato-palmate,
Pe ee ee Se
j
q
DIGITI-,
Digiti- (di-dziti), combining form of L. digitus
finger (see Digirsé.), Digitiform c., finger-like,
digitate. Digitine'rvate, Digitinerved, Di'-
gitine’rvous adjs., Bot. having the ribs of the
leaf radiating from the top of the leaf-stalk. Di:
gitipartite, Di:gitipi‘nnate adjs. (see quot.).
1846 Dana Zoo/fh. (1848) 433 ‘The branchlets above nearly
simple, digitiform. bee 49 Toop Cyct, Anat. IV. 1218/1
The mouth. .is surrounded by six little digitiform processes.
1866 7veas. Bot., Digitinerved, when the ribs of a leaf
radiate from the top of the petiole. 1870 BentLey Bot. 156
When there are more than 5 lobes of a similar character, it
is sometimes termed digitipartite. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex.,
Digitinervate, Digitinervous. /did., Digttipinnate, term ap-
plied to leaves the petiole of which terminates in secondary
petioles bearing leaflets, either pinnate or digitate, forming
doubly compound leaves. .
e (disdzitigré!:d), a. and sb. Zool.
[a. F. digetigrade, in mod.L. digitigrada (Cuvier
1817), f. L. dégtt-us (Dicir) + -gradus, going,
walking. ]
A. adj. Walking on the toes; spec. in Zool. be-
longing to the tribe Dzgiti?grada of Carnivora (in
Cuvier’s classification) ; also said of the feet, or
walk, of such an animal. (Opp. to PLANTIGRADE.)
1833 Penny Cycl. 1. 4 The legs also are completely digiti-
grade; that is to say, the heel is elevated, and does not
come into contact with the surface .. Digitigrade animals,
which tread only upon the toes .. have much longer legs
than plantigrade animals. 1839-47 Topp Cycd. Axat. II],
450/2 The feathered tribe traverse the surface of the earth
as digitigrade bipeds. 1881 Mivart Cat 129 The cat’s mode
of emery is spoken of as digitigrade.
. sb. A digitigrade animal. (Chiefly in /.)
1835 Kirsy Had. § Just, Anim. II. xvii. 212 Digitigrades
. consist of the feline, canine, and several other tribes. 1845
Wuewe tt /xdic. Creator 41 Some of the orders of quad-
rupeds, namely the rodents, ruminants, digitigrades.
Hence Di-gitigra:dism, digitigrade condition.
1887 E. D. Core Origin of Fittest 376 The groove of the
astragalus deepens coincidently with the increase of digiti-
gradism, |
Di-gitin. Chem.
tiated from dzgitalin.
obtained from digitalis.
1879 Watts Dict. Chem. 3rd S: ne 647 A precipate is ob-
tained consisting of digitalin and digitin,
Digitize (didzitaiz), v. rare. [f. Dicrr +-12E.]
trans. To manipulate or treat in some way with
the fingers: to finger; to point at or count with
the fingers. Hence Digitizer.
a I. Brown Ws. (1760) II. 211 (D.), None but the
devil, besides yourself, could have digitiz’d a pen after so
scurrilous a manner. 1730-6 BaiLey (folio), Dégitize, to
int to with the finger. 1767 G. Canninc Poews Pref. 3
our mere mechanical Digitizers of verses. 1823 Hone
Anc. Myst. 266 The sempstresses, who were very nicely
digitising and pleating turnovers. ;
gito-, shortened from dégitalis: the basis of
the names of a series of chemical substances de-
rived from digitalis or fox-glove: see quots.
863-72 Warts Dict. Chem. 11. 330 Digitoleic acid,a kind
of ne! acid contairied in the leaves of Digitalis purpurea.
1875 H. G. Woop 7heraf. (1879) 135 Digitonin is asserted
to form the bulk of the soluble digitalin of commerce, and
to be the same as saponin, the active principle of soap-bark.
1003 5. yd. Soc. Lex., Digito'genin, a crystallisable substance,
tained by the action of dilute acids on Digitoresin.
Digitolein, a fat obtained from digitalis leaves. It is a
combination of glycerin with digitoleic acid. Digito'nin, a
white amorphous substance .. is said to form a large of
the soluble digitalis of commerce. Digito'xin..is highly
poisonous. It forms colourless crystals. Digzitores*in, ob-
tained, along with glucose and Digitonein, on boiling Digi-
tonin with dilute acids. sees
+ Digla‘diate, v. Ods. [ad. L. digladiari f.
di-, dis- asunder, in different directions + gladius a
sword: cf. gladéator.] intr. To ‘cross swords’;
to contend, dispute.
@ 1656 Hares Gold. Rem. (1688) 56 Mutual Pasquils and
Satyrs against each others lives, wherein digladiating like
Eschines and Demosthenes, they reciprocally lay open each
others filthiness to the view and scorn of the world.
Digladiation (deigledizi-fon). Now rare or
arch. Also7 de-. [noun ofaction f. L. digladiari :
see DIGLADIATE.]
1. Fighting or fencing with swords ; hand-to-hand
fight.
1589 Purrennam Eng. Poesie 1. xvii. (Arb.) 52 In those
great Amphitheatres were exhibited all manner of other
shewes.. as their fence playes, or digladiations of naked
men. 1650 R. Starytton Sivada's Low C. Warres 1x. 44
margin, His Digladiations in the night time. 1715 tr.
Pancirollus’ Rerum Mem. 1. xx. 393 This manner of Di-
gladiation was very ancient ; such was the Skirmish we read
of in the poet Horace, — ‘
‘2. fig. Strife or bickering of words; wrangling,
contention, disputation.
1590 R. Bruce Sevm. i, Bijb, Gif they had keeped the
Apostles words. .all this digladiatioun, strife and contention
appearandly had not’fallen out. @1619 Fotnersy A theom.
I. v. § 3 (1622) 34 Their contentions and digladiations grew
to be so notorious, as made them all ridiculous. 1692
J. Eowarvos Remarkable Texts 211 A Christian, whose
religion forbids all foolish bickerings and degladiations
about mean and inconsiderable matters. 1819 MceCrie
Melville U1. xi, 304° Scholastic wrangling and digladia-
tion. 1879 M. Pattison M©7/ton ix. 107 In these literary
digladiations readers are always ready to side with a new
writer. ; *
f. DIGITALIS + -IN: differen-
A crystalline substance
-
355
Digladiator. Ods. or arch. [agent-n. f. L.
digladiari, on analogy of GLADIATOR.] A com-
batant; one who contends or disputes.
1803 Monthly Mag. XVI. 225 Those polemical digladi-
ators, who .. divided and convulsed all literary institu-
tions.
Diglot, diglott (dai-glpt), a.andsd. [ad. Gr.
diyAwrr-os speaking two languages, f. 5:-, bua- twice
+ yA@rra, Attic for yA@ooa, tongue, language.]
Using or containing two languages, bilingual ; ex-
pressed or written in two languages; also as 5d.
A diglot book or version (cf. Aolyglot). So Di-
glottic a. (in quot., Speaking two languages) ;
Di‘glottism, the use of two languages, or of words
derived from two languages.
1863 in Swith's Dict. Bible 111. 1557 The, conquests of
Alexander and of Rome had made men diglottic to an
extent which has no parallel in history. 1871 Earte PAdlo/.
“ing. Tongue § 78 Words run much in couples, the one
being English the other French .. In the following .. there
are two of these diglottisms in a single line. ‘‘Trouthe and
honour, fredom and curteisye’. 1885 Rept. Brit. & For.
Bible Soc. App. B 361 The other edition [of the Breton
N. T.] is in diglot form with the Revised Ostervald New
‘Testament. 1890 Academy 8 Nov. 424/1 Of the Bibles, &c.,
printed in more than one language .. there are 21 English
‘di-glotts’, 12 French, and 6 German.
Diglute, obs. f. DeGiuTE, to swallow.
Diglyce-ric, -gly:ceride, -gly-cerol, -gly-
corllic, Chem.: see Di-2 2d, and Giyceric, etc.
1873 Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 11) 626 Diglyceric acid has not
been actually obtained, /éz:. 706 Diglycollic Acid is also
called Paramalic Acid. 1881 Nature XXIII. 245 Digly-
collic acid .. obtained by the action of sodium hydrate on
diglycollamic acid.
Diglyph (dairglif). Arch. [mod. ad. Gr, 8
yAvp-os doubly indented, f. 5:- twice + yAdpev to
carve; cf. I. diglyphe (Littré).] An ornament
consisting of a projecting face or tablet with two
vertical grooves or channels. (Cf. TRIGLYPH.)
1727-51 CuamBers Cycl., Diglyph, a kind of imperfect
triglyph, console, or the like, with only two chanels, or
engravings, instead of three. 1823 P. Nicnotson Pract.
Build. 584 Diglyph, a tablet with two engravings or
channels, 1854 E. pe Warren tr. De Saulcy’s Round
Dead Sea Il. 254 ‘These metopes are divided from each
other by triglyphs, which may be called more correctly
diglyphs, as they only bear two flutes and two drops.
+ Dignation (digné‘fon). Ods. [a. OF. dig-
nation, -acton, ad. L. dignation-em, n. of action f.
dignare, -ari to think worthy, deign.]
The action of deeming or treating any one as
worthy, the conferring of dignity or honour ; favour
shown or honour conferred ; condescension: chiefly
said of the gracious action of a superior.
e450 tr. De [mitatione i. liv, For pou takist not pis wip
pin ovne pou3t.. but onely by dignacion of be most hie
grace, & of godly beholdyng. 1526 Pilgr. ree (W. de
W. 1531) 201 b, This werke is the effecte of his hye digna-
cion, power and goodnes. 1649 Jer. Taytor Gt. E-xemp.1. § 2.
22 S. Elizabeth .. wondering at the dignation and favour
done to her. 1659 Hammonn Ox /s, viii. Paraphr. 44 The
magnifying of God’s wonderfull goodnesse .. and his digna-
tions to mankind. @1703 Burkirr Ox NV. 7. Rom. vi. 19
The great dignation and gracious condescension of Christ.
1737 StackHousE /fist. Bible (1767) IV. vi. v. 207 A great
favour and dignation done her.
+Digne, a. Ols. Also a, 4 dingne, dyngne,
5 dign, dynge, 5-6 dygne, 6 Sc. ding, dyng.
B. 4-5 deyn(e. [ME, digne, a. F. digne (11th
c. in Hatz.-Darm.), early ad. L. dégnus worthy.
The form deyz might represent an OF. *deiz,
inherited form of dignus: but cf. Darn a.]
1. Of high worth or desert; worthy, honourable,
excellent (in nature, station; or estimation; cf.
Dieniry 1, 2).
I R. Grouc. (1724) 132 Pe digne sege ywys..pat at
Londea now ys. 1340 Ayext, 109 Pe pri uerste benes of be
pater noster..byeth be he3este and pe dingneste, «@ 1400-50
Alexander 882 Darius be deyne [Dudd. MS. digne] Empe-
reure. did. 1958, I, sir Dari, be deyne [Dl. MS. digne]
and derfe Emperoure. ¢1440 York Myst. xxviii. 1 Beholde
my discipulis at deyneisanddere. a1450 Kut. dela Tour
ii. 5 It is an higher and more digne thinge forto praise and
thanke God. 1513 Douctas nes xu. ix. 67 Of conquer-
ouris and soueran pryncis dyng [ime kyng]. 7535 STEWART
Cron. Scot, 11. 367 With diamontis ding, and margretis
mony one. 1§78 Ps, cvi. in Scot. Poems 16th C. II. 107
Declair . . Thy nobill actes and digne remembrance.
2. Worthy, deserving. Const. of (to), or inf.
@ 1375 Foseph Arim,252 Cum pou hider, losaphe; for hou
art Iugget clene, And art digne per-to. 1386 Cuaucer
Pars. 1, ? 715 Hem bat 3euen chirches to hem pat ben not
digne. c¢1430 Lypc. Bochas tv. ix. (1544) 106a, To write
also hys triumphes digne of glorye. ¢ 1450 Merlix 583 Ye
be full digne to resceyve the ordre of chiualrie. a 1555
Lynpesay 7ragedie 86 In France..1 did Actis ding of
Remembrance. 1643 Prynne Ofen. Gt. Seale 6 The state
of the Church is come unto this, that she is not digne to be
governed But of ill Bishops.
3. Befitting, becoming, appropriate, fit. Const.
to, unto, of, for.
¢1385 Cuaucer LZ. G. W. 1738 Lucretia, Hyre cuntin-
aunce is to here herte’digne. .¢1386 — Max of Law's T.
680 O Domegyld, I haue non englisch digne Vnto by malice
and tyrannye. c1420 Padlad. on Husb. x1. 7 Lande
lene, or fatte, or drie, is for it digne. 1504 ATKYNSON tr.
De Imitatione wu. liv, Gyue dygne & moost large graces to
the hye goodnes of god. 1549 CHALONER Erasmus on Folly
DIGNIFY.
K ija, All the worlde .. offreth me .. farre dearer and more
ie i sacrifices, than theirs are. :
. Having a great opinion of one’s own worth;
proud, haughty, disdainful; esp. in phr. as dégne
as ditch-water (cf. ‘stinking with pride’), as digne
as the devil, Cf. Dain a.
1340-70 A lisaunder 313 Pe menne of pat marche .. were
so ding of beir deede, dedain pat they had pat any gome
under God gouern hem sholde. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Prod. 517
He [the Parson] was nat to synful man despitous Ne of his
speche daungerous ne digne. 1386 — Aceve's 7.44 She
was as digne [Harl. Lansd. deyne] as water in a dich, as
ful of hoker and of bismare. ¢1394 P?. P7. Crede 355 For
wib be princes of pride pe prechours dwellen ; pei ben digne
as pe devel pat droppep fro heuene. /d¢¢. 375 Per is more
pryue pride in prechours hertes pan per lefte in Lucyfer er
he were lowe fallen; bey ben digne as dich water.
+Dignely, adv. Obs. Also 4 -li, 4-5 -liche,
-lyche, 6 -lie. [f. prec. +-1y?.]
1. Worthily, honouwrably; befittingly, deservingly,
condignly.
€1315 SHOREHAM 32 Thou hest of-served dygnelyche The
pyne of helle vere. 1340 Avent, 20 Pet pou nere na3t
digneliche y-di3t be ssrifpe and by vorpenchinge. c 1380
Wycuir Sev. Sel. Wks. I. 62 pei wolen sitte wip lordis and
ladies at pe mete ful dignely. c1400 Zest. Love 1. (1561)
287 b/r The name of Goddes dignely ye mow beare. 1513
Dovucias 42 ners uu. Prol. 7 Bot sen I follow the poete prin-
cipall .. God grant me grace him dingly to ensew. 1567
Drant Horace Epist. A vj, When mortall man cannot
reforme Nor dignely plage the cryme.
2. Haughtily, scornfully.
1374 Cuaucer Troylus 1. 975 (1024) Touchynge pi lettre
-- I wot thow nylt it digneliche endite.
+ Digne'sse. Ods. [a. Al'r. *dignesse, f. digne
worthy + -esse repr. L. -2¢éa: cf. bassesse, richesse,
vilesse, etc.] Worthiness, dignity ; haughtiness.
1399 Lanct. Rich. Redeles 1. 127 Swiche ffresshe ffoodis
beth ffeet in to chambris, And ffor her dignesse en-dauntid
of dullisshe nollis.
Dignification (di:gnifikéifon). Now rave.
[ad. med. L. dignification-em, n. of action from
dignificare: cf. obs. F. adtynificacton (Godef.).]
The action of dignifying, or fact of being dignified ;
conferring of dignity.
1577 Dee Relat. Spir. 1. (1659) 63 In respect of thy digni-
fication.. I say with thefe] Hallelujah. @1612 Donne
Bradavatos (1644) 57 Humane nature after the first fall, till
the restitution and dignification thereof by Christ. 1653
Watton Angler 13 Where a noble and ancient Descent
and such merits meet in any man, it is a double dignifica-
tion of that person. c178x in Boswell Yohnson 4 June
an, 1781 ‘l’o demean themselves with... equanimity..upon
their .. dignification and exaltation.
Dignified (di-gnifoid), p//. a.
-ED1,
1. Invested with dignity ; exalted.
1763 J. Brown Poetry §& Mus. vi. 100 We shall see the
3ard’s Character rising again in its dignified State. 1781
Cowrer Charity 2 Fairest and foremost of the train that
wait On man’s most dignified and happiest state.
+2. Holding a position of dignity; ranking as
a dignitary (esp. ecclesiastical), Ods.
1667-8 MarvE.t Corr. xc. Wks. 1872-5 II. 240 It hath
bin .. mov’d to raise 100,000/7. .. upon the dignifyd Clergy.
1712 I. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 396 Yo the Cathedral belong ..
five dignify’d Priests, being the Dean, Arch-Deacon, School-
Master, Chanter, and Treasurer. 1726 Ayiirre Parergox
6 Abbots are stiled dignify’d Clerks, as having some Dignity
in the Church. 1860 Mrs. GaskELt Right at Last 30 My
father was the son of a dignified clergyman.
3. Marked by dignity of manner, style, or appear-
ance; characterized by lofty self-respect without
haughtiness; stately, noble, majestic.
ax81z2 J. S. Buckminster (Webster, 1828) To the great
astonishment of the Jews, the manners ‘of Jesus are familiar,
yet dignified. 1840 CARLYLE //evoes v. (1891) 147 A Pulpit,
environed with all manner of complex dignified appurten-
ances and furtherances. 1853 J. H. Newman Hist. Sk.
(1873) IT. 11. xiii. 299 The general character of the oratory
was dignified and graceful. 1855 MacauLay Hist. Eng.
1V. 447 His State papers .. are models of terse, luminous,
and dignified eloquence. 1874 L. Sternen Hours in Library
(1892) I. viii. 291 A man of dignified appearance. 1878
Bosw. Situ Carthage 262 Silence, mournful. . but dignified,
was observed in the public streets.
Di-gnifiedly, adv. [f. prec. + -ty%.] Ina
dignified manner ; with dignity or its appearance.
1818 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 48x The same littleness of mind
which made.. Boniface dignifiedly incommunicative to all
without badges or titles, 1868 Browninc King § Bh, mu.
391 Whereon did Pietro..sally forth dignifiedly into the
square. 1885 Century Mag. XXX. 384 Verona is dignifiedly
disagreeable.
Dignifier (di-gnifoior). [f. Dieniry + -ER!.]
One who dignifies ; one who confers dignity.
1612 R. SHELDON Sevm. St. Martin's 50 God the Digni-
fier, the Sanctifier, and Beautifier of the sacrifice. 1741
Ricuarpson Pamela (1742) 11. 284 The vilest lowest Taste
in his sordid Dignifier. aL
ignify (di'gnifai), v. [a. OF. dignefier, dig-
nifier, ad. med.L. dignificdre, f. dign-us worthy +
~ficdire : see -¥FY.]
1. ¢vans. Tomake worthy or illustrious; to confer
dignity or honour upon; to ennoble, honour.
1526 Pilger. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 210 Illumyned & digny-
fyed of Chryst. 1597 Suaxs. 2 Hen. /V, 1. i. 22 Such a Day..
‘ame not, till now, to dignifie the Times Since Casars For-
tunes. c 1600 — Sonn. Ixxxiv, He that writes of you, if he can
tell That you are you, so dignifies his story. 1667 MiLton
P.L.1x.940 Us his prime Creatures, dignifi’d ae: Set over
*-2
[f. Digsiry +
DIGNITARIAL.
all his Works. 1732 Pore Hor, Sat. u. ii. 141 No Turbots
dignify my boards. L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) 1.
357 As accent dignifies the syllable on which it is laid, and
makes it more distinguished by the ear than the rest. 1877
Mrs, Ourenant Ma. Flor, Introd. 16 There arose to
dignify the struggle the moral principle which all this time
it wanted.
b. To render majestic or stately.
1749 Smo.tert Gil Bi. x1. v, He would write as well as
e speaks, if,in order to dignify his style, he did not affect
expressions which fender it stiff and obscure. ¢ 1790 Cowrer
On Milton's P. L. 1.689 How an act or image, vulgar and
ordinary in itself, may be dignified by mere force of diction.
a. — Odyss. xxi. 181 Then Pallas .. dignified his form
ith added amplitude.
e. In lighter use: To represent as Limi & (by
implication, as worthier than it is) ; to give a high-
sounding name or title to.
[1606 SHaxs. 77. § Cr. 1v. v. 103 Yet giues he not till
iud, srs ide his bounty, Nor dignifies an impaire thought
with breath. 1665 GLANvVILL Scepsis Sci. 80 "Tis usual for
men to dignifie what they have bestowed pains upon.]
1750 H. Watrote Lett. H. Mann (1834) 11. ccxxii. 374 You
will think my letters are absolute jest and story books unless
you..dignify them with the title of Walpoliana. 1791-1823
D'Israeti Cur. Lit. (1839) III. 341 The science of books,
for so bibliography is sometimes dignified. JZod. A school
dignified with the name of a college.
+2. To invest with a dignity or honour; to exalt
in rank; to confer a title of honour upen. ? Ods.
1563-87 Foxe A. §& M. (1596) 5/2 Emperors in ancient
time haue dignified them in titles. 1660 Brounr Boscobel
nu. (1680) 21 The Earl of Southampton... now with much
|
|
merit dignifyed with the great office of Lord High Trea- |
surer. 1727 W. Matuer Fug. Man's Comp. 10
Nor |
ought Sons of the Nobility to be Dignified.. with less |
rate the ‘Title of Honourable, as being their due by Birth-
ight.
Hence Di‘gnifying vd/. sé. and ffl. a.
1630 R. Fohnson's Kingd. & Commw. 101 The Grand-
Seignior never nameth us with dignifying titles. _ 1639 Lp.
Diapy, etc. Lett. conc. Relig. (1657) 8 Those dignifying cir-
cumstances .. belong onely to such doctrines [etc.]. /did.
82 That seal, with those quarterings and dignifyings where-
with you blazon it.
(dignitérial), a. [f. DicniTary
+ -AL.] Of or belonging to a dignitary.
1885 Ch. Times 20 Feb. 135/3 The perversity of the digni-
tarial mind was curiously exemplified.
Dignitary (di-gnitari), sd. (@.) Also 7 -ory.
[f. L. dignitas or Eng. Dicnity + -ary : cf., for the
sense, prebendary, for the form, L. voluntarius
voluntary, from voluntds: so F.dignitaire sb. (1752
in Trévoux).]
A. sb. One invested with a dignity; a personage
holding high rank or office, esp. ecclesiastical.
1672-3 Marvett Reh. Transp. 1. 282 There was a gentle-
man of your robe, a Dignitory of Lincoln. a1745 Swirt
(J.), If there be any dignitaries, whose preferments are ..
not liable to the accusation of superfluity. 1756-7 tr.
Keysler's Trav. (1760) 1. 15 Princes, bishops, counts, rich
dignitaries, abbots. 1815 W. H. Irevanp Scridbleomania
248 A very high ecclesiastical dignitary. 1836 IrvinG A sto-
ria
dignitary proved to be an old sailor, by the‘name of John
Young. a D. Witson Preh. Ann. (1863) IL. 1v. ii. 266 It |
represents three dignitaries, probably priests.
| army did ..tarry..at Berwick. 1
356
commun rule of his giving or not giving grace, from mans
dignitie or indignitie.
. Honourable or high estate, position, or esti-
mation; honour; degree of estimation, rank.
c1230 Hali Meid. 15 i meiden, understond in hu heh
dignete pe mihte of meidenhad halt te. 1340 4 1» 215
Pere ssolle pe greate Ihordes and pe m4 euedyes
uoryete .. h i and hare h Rolls
are Be i] 3
Parl. 111. 424/1 Ye renounsed and cessed of the State of
Kyng, and of Lordeshipp and of all the Dignite and Wir-
ipp that longed therto. ¢1400 Rom. Rose 7682 1 .. have
pouste To shryve folk of most dignyte. 1538 STARKEY
England 1. iv. 139, Gyuyng: somewhat to the dygnyte of
presthode. 1594 Hooker ect. Pol. 1. vi. (1611) 12 Stones,
though in dignitie of nature inferior to plants._161x SHAKs.
Wint, T. v. i. 183 His Sonne, who ha’s (His Dignitie, and
Dutie both cast off) Fled from his Father, Scene Hopes,
and with A Shepheards Daughter. 1711 Swirt Lett. (1767)
III. 177, I fear I shall be sometimes forced to stoop beneath
my dignity, and send to the ale-house for a dinner. 1751
Harris Hermes (1841) 119 There is no kind of subject,
having its foundation in nature, that is below the dignity
of a philosophical inquiry. 1786 Han. More Florio 78
Small habits well yaraned bateaun May reach the dignit
of crimes. 1891 Law Times XCII. 124/1, The post of Iris
Chancellor has increased rather than diminished in dignity
since the Union.
Jig. 1541 CorpLanp Guydon's Quest. Chirurg. H jb, May
the herte .. sustayne dysease longe? i
great dygnyte. 1656 Rivciey Pract. Physick 215 Consider
the dignity of the part affected, so that the heart must not
be tryed by vehement remedies.
b. collect. Persons of high estate or rank (cf.
the quality).
1548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. Pref. in Arb. Garner ILI.
73 My Lord's Grace, my Lord of Warwick, the other estates
of the Council there, with the rest of the dignity of the
3 Burke Corr, (1844)
IV. 149, I cannot see the dignity of a great kingdom, and,
| with its dignity, all its virtue, imprisoned or exiled, without
I. 100 The captain .. paid a visit to the governor. This |
B. adj. Of, belonging to, or invested with |
a dignity (esp. ecclesiastical).
1715 M. Davies Ath, Brit. 1. 163 The most eminent Digni-
tary Churchmen. _ 1733 Neat //ist. Purit. 11. 148 They
complimented the Roman Catholick priests with their dig-
nitary titles.
Dignito’rial, a. [erroneous for DiGNITARIAL.]
1817 T. C. Banks (¢it/e), History of the Ancient Noble
Family of Marmyun .. also their Dignitorial Tenures and
the services of London, Oxford, &c.
Dignity (di-gniti), Forms: 3-4 dignete, 3-6
-ite, 4 dyng-, dingnete, 4-5 dignitee, -ytee, 4-6
dy-, dignyte, 6-7 dignitie, 7- dignity. [a. OF.
digneté, ¥ . dignité (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L.
dignitat-em merit, worth, f. dignus worthy: see
-ITy. Cf. also Dainty, a, OF. deinizé, the inherited
form of pace y
1. The quality of being worthy or honourable ;
worthiness, worth, nobleness, excellence.
a1a2g Ancr. R. 140 Nis nout edcene of hwuche dignite
heo [the soul] is, ne hu heih is hire cunde, ¢1230 Hal
Meid. 5 Of se muche dignete, and swuch wurdschi;
€ 1393 Gaavens Gentilesse Rid vn-to vertue longeth dg-
nytee, ¢1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) vi. 18 A name of grete
dignitee and of te worschepe. 1 Asr, Hami.ton
Catech. (1884) 20 Of the p i a llent dignitiee
of the Pater noster. 1602 Suaxs. Ham. 1. v. 48 From me
whose loue was of that dignity, That it went hand in han
even with the Vow I made to her in Marriage. 1657
Austen Fruit Trees 1. 11 The dignity and value of Fruit-
trees. 2787 T. Jerrerson Writ, G55) IL. 95, I recollect
no work of any dignity which has been lately published.
1795 Worvsw. Vew-tree Seat, True dignity abides with
him alone Who, in the silent hour of inward thought, Can
still suspect, and still revere himself, In_lowliness of heart.
1836 Sir H. Taytor Statesman xv. 107 It is of the essence
of real dignity to be self-sustained, and no man’s dignity
can asserted without being impaired. 1874 Brackir
Sedf-Cult, 75 The real dignity of a man lies not in what he
has, but in what he 7s. 2
+b. The quality of being worthy of something ;
desert, merit. Ods. rare.
1548 R. Hutren Sum of diuinitie E 5a, Fayth leaneth
onelye vpon paps not of our dygn Gate Crt.
Gentiles w. 154 ‘To suppose that fetch the
show
great pain.
attrib. 18:
a ball
people [in Barbadoes].
38. An honourable office, rank, or title; a high
official or titular position.
c1290 S. Eng. Leg. 1. 72/54 Bischop him made.. seint
Edward pe king, And a-feng him in his dignete. cx
R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 15112 Seint Gregore tok
dignete, And was pope prytty 3er. 1520 Caxton's Chron.
Eng. ccxxxvi. 258 Tho that were chose to bissho; sees and
dignytees. 1548 Hatt Chron., Edw. 1V, 208 Edward duke
of Yorke, whiche .. had untrewly usurped the Croune and
Imperial dignitie of this realme. 1659
Iron Age 123 He procured the Dignity of General to be
taken away from the duke of Frithland.
Parergon 98 By a Dignity, we understand that Promotion
or Preferment, to which any Jurisdiction is annex’d. 1781
Gipson Decl. & F. ILL. 231 He .. distributed the civil and
military dignities amon his favourites and followers.
Lincarp Anglo-Sax. Ch. (1858) I. i. 18 The dignity of
Roman prefect. a ted Mercury 3 Mar. 5/1
jesty has conferred the dignity of a viscountcy upon Sir
Henry B. W. Brand.
Marryat P, Simple xxxi, A dignity ball is
Answere. No, for his |
1726 AYLIFFE | kamoane
DIGRESS.
+7. Alg. =Powerr. Ods.
1715 Phil. Trans. XXIX. 211 Mr. Newton introduced
the Fract, Surd, Negative and Indefinitive Indices of
ities.
‘| 8. [Erroneous or fantastic rendering of Gr.
agiwpa ‘honour, worth, dignity » also ‘ prin-
ciple, axiom’.] A self-evident theorem, an axiom.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. 1, vii. 25 These Sciences
mathematics], concluding from dignities and fina a
nowne by i 3 po ges satisfaction
probable reasons, mi lesse from bare and peremptory
asseverations.
+ Di-gnorate, v. Obs. rare—°. {fF L. dignorare,
quoted in the same sense from Paul. ex Fest.
1623 Cocxrram, Dignorate, to marke a beast. 1656 Blount
= Dignorate, to mark, as men do beasts, to know
them.
+Digno'sce, v. Obs. [ad. L. dignisctre to
recognize apart, distinguish, f. d7-, dzs-, Di-1 +
(g nascére to know.]_—-
To distinguish, discern. a. ¢rans.
@ 1639 Srotriswoop Hist, Ch, Scot. 1. (1677) 200 All the
Painters and Writers were called for dignoscing the letters
and draughts. 1645 Liberty of Cons. 16 The true wor-
shippers of God cannot be certainly and infallibly dignosced
from the false worshippers. 1671 True Nonconf. 391 The
consideration .. whereupon the right dignoscing -of such
deeds doth mostly depend, is oftentimes most difficult.
b. intr. To discern ; to decide.
1641 Sc. Acts Chas. I (1870) V. 344 Who shall have
— to dignose and take cognitione whither the same
‘alles within the said act of pacificatione. 1676 W. Row
Contn. Blair's Autobiog. xii. (1848) 539 A committee ap-
pointed to dignosce upon the supplication.
Hence + Dignoscible a., discernible ; + Digno's-
| citive a., having the quality of discerning.
iven by the most consequential of their coloured |
B. Harris Parival’s |
b. “ransf. A person holding a high office or |
position; a i pat
¢1450 Hottanp Howlat 690 Denys and digniteis. 1598
Fiorto Ep. Ded., That I .. may entertaine so high, if
not deities yet dignities. 1621 Binte Yuce 8 These filthy
dreamers .. speake euill of dignities. 1656 Heyiin Surv.
France 93 There is..in this Church a Dean 7 Dignities and
o Canons. 1 Mitton P. ZL. 1. 359 Godlike shapes and
forms.. Princely Dignities, And Powers that earst in Heaven
saton Thrones. 1 Kincstey Herew. i, T art very
like to lose thy tongue by talking such ribaldry of dig-
nities.
4. Nobility or befitting elevation of aspect, manner,
or style ; becoming or fit stateliness, gravity. (Cf.
DIGNIFIED 2.)
1667 Mitton P. Z. vit. 489 Grace was in all her steps ..
In every gesture dignitie and love. 1725 Pore Odyss. vi.
73 A dignity of dress adorns the Great. 1752 Fietpinc
Testa 1. viil, He uttered this. . with great majesty, or, as he
called it, dignity. 18:1 Syp. Smitn Ws. (1859) I. 205/1
All establishments die of dignity. They are too to
think themselves ill, and to take a little physic. J. H.
Newman //ist. Sk. (1873) IL. 1. i. 248 He prese in his
domestic arrangements the are of a literary and public
man, 1854 J. S.C. Asnorr Nafoleon (1855) 11. xxx. 557 He
opposed the effect of these instructions with such silent
dignity as to command general resj 1878 B. Taytor
Deukalion u. iv. 77 So much of dignity in ruin lives.
b. Xhet. - rye
1828 Wesster, Dignity, oratory, one the three
's of elocution, consisting in the right use of tropes and
5. dstrol. A situation of a planet in which its
influence is heightened, either by its position in the
zodiac, or by its aspects with other planets.
¢x391 Cuavcer Astrol. Table of Contents, Tables of
dignetes of earner rey Lbid. uu. § 4 The lord of the assendent
.. whereas he is in his dignite and conforted with frendl.
aspectys of planetes. Massincer City Madam u. ii,
Dignities are the Advantages a Planet has
its being in a i of th
ences and Virtue are encreas'd.
1zt Ye planetary sons of light!
asce! neces.
+6. The term for a ‘company’ of canons. Oés.
1486 Bk. St. Albans F vij a, A Dignyte of chanonys.
| racters, as the night is
1671 True Nonconf. 189 As dignoscible by .. these cha-
y darkness. 1674 [Z. Cawprey]
Catholicon 22 T dignoscitive power .. reby their
spiritual sense discerns betwixt good and evil.
ote, v. Obs. rare—'. [f. L. *dignot
ppl. stem of digndscere.] + DIGNOSCE.
1 Bdrcceery Renon's Disp. Pref., Every Simple ..
may be dignoted in its nature and quality. |
+Digno‘tion. Oés. [n. of action f. digndt-
pl. stem of L. digndscére : see DIGNoscE and -10N.]
he action of distinguishing or discerning ; a dis-
tinguishing mark or sign.
1578 Banister Hist. Mani. 10 The di ion of sauors.
1657 Tomunson Reno's Disp. 42 That this dignotion may
be certain. 1 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. v. xxii. 327
Temperamentall dignotions, and conjecture of prevalent
+ Di-gnous, ¢. Ods. i L. dign-us worthy +
-ous.] Worthy, honourable. P re
TW Dew A dignous family his
Pc ally [bid. (1845) 314 The jit Ber and dignous family
er Ma- | of Coffi
olmn.
Digoneutic (daigoniitik), a. Entom. [f. Gr.
&i-, twice + yoved-ev to beget, of which the vbl. adj
would be *yovevt-os.] Producing two broods
a year; double- ed. Hence Digoneu'tism,
the condition of being digoneutic.
1889 S. H. Scupper in Nature XX XIX. 319 Capt. Elwes...
fails to make a distinction between the successive seasonal
forms of a digoneutic butterfly.
igonous (di‘gonas, doi- , a Bot. [ad. mod.
L. digon-us, f. Gr, &-, twice + ~ywvos angled: cf.
tpi-yevos three-comered.] Having two angles.
oe Jas. Lee /ntrod, Bot, mt. iv. (ed. 4) 181 Di
Trigonous, Tetragonous. .having two, three, four. . les.
se Syd. Soc. Lex.
+ Digradua;stion. Obs. var. of Decrapuation!;
cf. also DisGRADUATE 2.
1577 Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. (1619) 218 But Eusebius...
that he should ke the i
wrote unto Al d depriva-
tion and digraduation past.
Di-gram. A proposed synonym of DicRaPH.
1864 in We :
BSTER.
(daigraf), [f. Gr. &- twice, Dr-2, +
x writing, etc.) A reas of two letters ex-
ge te simple sound of speech,
1788 'T. Sueripan (L.), All improper yy ay or, as
I have called Son, eee are changed into single
vowels which they for. x8x2 J.C. Hosnouse Journey
Albania App. 1061 If these combinations of vowels had
been distinguished in writing only. .their name would have
been digraphs, and not —— 1873 Earte Philol. Eng.
digrs dE iy re ney Aphabets charact
ol as ic ers.
741 ie exclude new letters..we
are obliged to fall back on digraphs.
‘ f. prec, + -IC:
a Figg toed daigrefik), a,
after Gr. med pertaining to , graphic.]
1. Pertaining to or of the nature of a digraph.
Sweer Hist. Eng. Sounds 23 Cases of the arbi
consonants as di ic modes also occur.
igre’s, doi-), v. Also 6-7 disgress.
Pie hyp ribet digredt “Y aside,
BX . din, Dis. 1 + gradi to step, wei, ol
DIGRESS.
1. intr. To go aside or depart from the course or
track; to diverge, deviate, swerve.
1gs2 Hutoet, Digresse or go a little out of the pathe,
digredior. 1582 N. Licuerietp tr, Castanheda Cong. E.
Ind. 65 b, It was not vnpossible but that they might some-
what digresse from their right course. 1603 DEKKER Grissil
(Shaks. Soc.) 22, I must disgress from this bias, and leave
you. 1649 Adcoran 86 God..punisheth them that digresse
rom the right path. 1750 Jounson Rambler No. 25 P 11
Frighted from digressing into new tracts of learning. 1825
Lams Elia Ser. u. Superannuated man, I find myself in
Bond Street. .I digress into Soho, to explore a bookstall.
+b. Astron, Cf. DIGRESSION 3. Ods.
160r Hoitanp Pliny I. 12 Shee (Venus) beginnes to di-
gresse in latitude and to diminish her motion from the
morn rising : but to be retrograde, and withall to digresse
in altitude from the cape station.
+ 2. fig. To depart or deviate (from a course, mode
of action, rule, standard, etc.) ; to diverge. Obs.
1571 Gotpinc Calvin on Ps. \xxi. 16 As the other trans-
lation agreeth very well, I would not digresse from it. 1592
Suaxs. Rom. §& Ful. ut. iii. 127 Thy Noble shape, is but
a forme of waxe, Digressing fromthe Valourofaman. 1603
Ho.anp Plutarch's Mor. 25 Digresse good sir from such
lewd songs. 161x Ussuer in Gutch Col?. Cur. I. 39 The
subjects rebelled, and digressed from their allegiance.
+3. To diverge from the right path, to trans-
gress. Obs.
1541-93 [see Dicressinc below]. 1640 G. Warts. tr.
Bacon's Adv. Learn, vu. iii. (R.), So man, while he aspired
to be like God in knowledge, digressed and fell.
+b. trans. To transgress. Ods.
1592 Wyrtey Armorie 56 Faire points of honor I would
not disgresse. :
4. intr. To deviate from the subject in discourse
or writing. (Now the most frequent sense.)
1530 Parser. 516/1, I ig aed from my mater and talke
of a thyng that nothynge belongeth therunto. 1555 EprN
Decades 8 To returne to the matter from which we haue
digressed. 1597 Mortry /xtrod. Mus. 74 Let vs come
againe to our example from which wee haue much dis-
oe . 1682 Burnet Rights Princes viii. 292, 1 shall not
igress to rr any account of these. 1727 Swirt Modest
Proposal, 1 have too long digressed, and therefore shall
return to my subject. 1752 JoHNson Rambler No, 200 P 10
While we were conversing upon such subjects..he fre-
quently digressed into directions to the servant.- 1813 W.
‘Taytor in Anz, Rev. I. 374 Mr. P. digresses on the subject
of parliamentary reform. 1869 Farrar Fam. Speech iii.
(1873) 99, I will not here digress into the interesting ques-
tion as to the origin of writing.
Hence Digre’ssing v//. 5d. and A/. a., Digre’s-
singly adv.
1529 More Comf. agst. Trib. 1. Wks. 1200/t Were it
properly perteining to y® present matter, or sumwhat dis-
gressing therfro. 1541 Act 33 Hen, VIII, (Bolton Stat.
frei, (1621) 218) Albeit that upon any disloyaltie or disgress-
ing contrary to the duety of asubject. 1593 Suaxs. ich. //,
v. lii, 66 This deadly blot, in thy digressing sonne. 1864
Q. Rev. CXVI. 168 The sarcophagus on which appears the
incident we have thus digressingly analysed.
+ Digress, sb. Obs. [ad. L. digress-us depar
ture, f. ppl. stem of digredz: see DIGRESS v.] =
DIGRESSION 2.
1s98 Yonc Diana 76, I thee espie Talking with other
Shepherdesses, All is of feastes and brauerie, Who daunceth
best, and like digresses. 1655 FuLLeR Ch. Hist, x1. x. § 43
Nor let any censure this a digress from my xen} 9 1679
HarpyKeyScrift, 1.9, lam driven. .here, .toa brief Digress.
sser (digre’so1, doi-), [f. DigrEss v. +
-ER1.] One who digresses.
1654 Baxter (¢é¢/e), Reduction of a Digresser or Mr. Bax.
ter’s reply to Kendall's Digression. 1824 Scorr St. Ronan’s
xiv, Who, though somewhat of a digresser himself, made
little allowance for the excursions of others.
Digression (digrefon, doi-). Also 5-7 dis-,
5-8 de-. [a. OF. disgressiun, digresstun (12th
c.), mod.F. digression, ad. L. digressién-em, n. of
action from digredt: see DIGRESS v.]
1. The action of digressing, or turning aside from
a path or track; swerving, deviation. (Now some-
what vare in Zit. sense.)
1552 Hutort, Digression, digressio. 1670 Corton Esfer-
non 1. IV. 144 By this little digression into Gascony, the
Duke had an opportunity .. to re-inforce himself with some
particular Servants of his, 1673 Ray Fourn, Low C. Rome
2 We made a digression to S. Marino, 1823 J. D.
UNTER Captiv. N. Amer. 86 This digression up the
Kansas was undertaken [etc.].
Th. fe: Moral deviation or going astray. Ods.
1 Awes Past. Pleas. 1. xxi, Nature .. More stronger
had her operacion Then she had nowe in her digression.
1588 Suaxs. ZL. LZ. L.1. ii. 121, 1 may example my digres-
sion by some mighty president. 1593 — Lwcr. 202 ‘Then
my digression is so vile, so base, That it will liue engrauen
inmy face. |
+e. Deviation from rule. Odés.
1615 Crooke Body of Man 299 Monsters Aristotle calleth
Excursions and Digressions of Nature.
2. Departure or deviation from the subject in
discourse or writing; an instance of this. (The
earliest and most frequent sense.)
¢1374 Cuaucer Troylus 1.87 (143) It were along disgression
Fro my matere, 1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy1.i, 1 wyll no
longer make disgression. 1494 Fasyan Chron. 1v. |xix. 49,
I woll retourne my style to Octauis, from whom I haue
made a longe degression. «a 1535 More De guat, Noviss.
Wks. 99 Which thyng I might proue..sauing that the
degression would be ouer long. 1622 Three Quest. Ausw,
conc, Fourth Commandm. 6 But this, by way of dis-
—. 1675 Essex Papers (Camden) I. 206, I begg yt
xcellencies pardon for this degression. 1751 JOHNSON
: 357
Rambler No. 147 ® 7 Without .. any power of starting into
gay digressions. 1813 Scorr Rokeby, x, [He] started from
the theme, to range In loose digression wild and strange.
1863 Mrs. Ouiruant Salem Ch. xiii, Breaking off now and
then into a momentary digression. .
3. Astron. and Physics. Deviation from a parti-
cular line, or from the mean position ; deflexion ;
e.g. of the sun from the equator, or of an inferior
planet from the sun (= ELONGATION 1).
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef, vi. iv. 288 This digression
[ofthe Sun] is not equall, but neare the A.quinoxiall intersec-
tions, it is right and greater, near the Solstices, more oblique
and lesser. 1705 C. Pursnat. Mech, Macrocosm 122 ‘Vheir
Degression, or Departure North, and South, are sometimes
Greater, and sometimes Less, than that of the Sun. 1726
tr. Gregory's Astron. I. 116 These lesser Bodies may be
lessen’d till that digression or those mutual attractions be
less than any given ones. 1837 Brewster J/aguet, 215
The needle having arrived at the limit of its western digres-
sion. 1847 Craic, Digression, in Astronomy, the apparent
distance of the inferior planets, Mercury and Venus, from
the sun. : ;
Digressional (digre‘fonal), a. [f. prec. + -au.]
Of or pertaining to digression; characterized by
digression.
1785 Warton Notes on Milton’s Fuvenile Poems (T.),
Milton has judiciously avoided Fletcher's digressional orna-
ments. 1787 Heap.ey On Daniel's Poems (R.), He seems
fearful of supplying its [his subject’s] defects by digressional
embellishments. 1841 De Quincey Homer Wks. VI. 326
He adds a short digressional history of the fortunate shot.
Digressionary (digre‘fanari), a. [f. as prec.
+ -Anry.] Of the nature of a digression.
1741 Betterton’s Eng. Stage 4 A.. short digressionary
History of the Fate and Fortunes of the most considerable
Actresses. 1859 Lever Davenport Dunn i, All this is, how-
ever, purely digressionary,
Digressive (digresiv, dai-), a. [ad. L. di-
gressiv-us, £. digress- ppl. stem of digredi: see
DicrEss v. and -IVE.] ;
1. Characterized by digressing; diverging from
the way or the subject ; given to digression ; of the
nature of, or marked by, digression.
¢161x Cuapman /diad xiv. 105 These digressive things
Are such as you may well endure. 1641 ‘SmectymMNuvus’
Vind. Answ. § 2. 30 We will not make digressive excur-
sions into new controversies. 1651 Baxter /uf. Baft. Apol.
15, I came not to satisfie the people .. by digressive dis-
courses .. but to dispute with him. 1745 Exviza Heywoop
Female Spectator (1748) 11. 310 But all this .. is digressive
of the subject Isat down to write upon. 1783 H. Biair Lect.
39 (Seagar) Pindar is perpetually digressive and filis up his
poems with fables of the gods and heroes. 1874 I. Harpy
Far from Madding Crowd |, xxvi. 285 That remark seems
somewhat digressive. ;
+ 2. That turns any one out of his way. Ods. rare.
c161x Cuapman /diad x, Argt., Then with digressive wiles
they use their force on Rhesus’ life. ; ;
Hence Digre’ssively adv., in a digressive manner;
Digre‘ssiveness, the quality of being digressive.
1731-1800 Baitry, Digressively, by way of Digression.
1768 Woman of Honor \V.92 An example, which you will
hardly think digressively introduced. 1877 H. A, Pace
De Quincy II. xix. 163 If it is to blame for not a little of
his digressiveness, still it imparts to everything he does
a bouquet. 1879 Farrar St. Paud IL. App. 611 The digres-
siveness becomes more diffuse.
|| Digue. [F. digue,in OF. also digue, a. Flem.
dijk, DIKE q.v.] =Dike. (In reference to Hol-
land, Flanders, or France. Now only used for
local colouring.)
1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. 4 b/1 With the fyrste flodde they
came before the Digues of Holande [f7. Dignes; ence
Grarton Chron, II. 210 dignesse]. 1645 City Alarum_1o
Opposing a Digue to stop the torrent. 1673 Tempe Olds.
United Prov. Wks. 1731 1. 13 In Zealand they absolutely
gave over the working at their Digues. 1702 Dennis Afovti-
ment xvi. 8 Whose stately Tow’rs Are to the Storms of
Arbitrary Pow’r, What its Digues are to the Tempestuous
Main. 1886 A thenzum 22 May 686/1 Girls gossiping on the
digue of stone which defends the place against the sea. »
Digust, rare obs. var. of Disaust.
|| Di ia (daidzinia). Bot. [mod.L. (Linnaeus
1735) f. Gr. &-, Di-2 + yuvy woman, wife + abstr.
ending -ta,-za.] The second Order in many classes
of the Linnean Sexual System, comprising plants
having two pistils.
1762 in Hupson Flora Anglica. 1794 Martyn Roussean's
Bot. x. 1858 Carrenter Veg. Phys. § 458 One portion
of the class Pentandria, order Digynia, corresponds with
the Natural Order Umbelliferae.
Hence Di-gyn, a plant of the order Digynia;
Digy‘nian, Digy‘nious adjs., belonging to the
order Digynia; Ditgynous (dai'dzines) a., having
two pistils.
1806 J. Gatrine Brit. Bot. 390 Carex Digynous; spikes
filiform, 1828 Wesster, Digyn. Ibid., Digynian. 1847
Craic, hry 1850 Comstock Jutrod. Bot. (ed. 21)
470 (Gloss.) Digynous, having two styles.
Dihedral (daihrdral), a. Cryst. Also diedral,
[f. next +-aL: cf. F. diédre in same sense.]
1. Having or contained by two planes or plane
faces. Dihedral angle, the inclination of two planes
which meet at an edge. Dihedral summit, a summit
(of a crystal) terminating in a dihedral angle.
1799 G. Smitu Laboratory 1. 2 Terminating in dihedral
| Screg 1808 THomson in Phil. Trans. XCVIII. 69
xalate of potash .. crystallizes in flat rhomboids. .termi-
nated by dihedral summits, 1826 Henry Elem, Chenz, 1.
DIIAMB.
38 Variations of temperature produce a .. difference in ..
a crystal of carbonate of lime. . As the temperature increases,
the obtuse dihedral angles diminish .. so that its form ap-
proaches that of a cube. 1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem, II.
124 [In the rhombic dodecahedron] The dihedral angles
formed by the meeting of the faces are all equal to 120°,
2. Math. Of the nature of a dihedron.
1893 Harkness & Mortey Theory of Functions 29 A simple
dihedral configuration. 1893 Forsytu Functions of a Cont-
flex Variable 625 Functions which are unaltered for the
dihedral group of substitutions.
Dihedron (daihzdrgn). AZath. [mod. f. Gr. &-,
bic- twice + €5pa seat, base: cf. tetrahedron.) In
the geometrical theory of groups, the portion of
two superposed planes bounded by (or contained
within) a regular polygon.
According to Klein, the six regular solids are dihedron
(dieder), tetrahedron, octahedron, cube or hexahedron,
ikosahedron, pentagon-dodecahedron.
[1828 Wenster, Dihedron, a figure with two sides.] 1888
G. G. Morrice tr. 7. Adein's Lect. on Ikosahedron 3 We
can denote this latter by considering the portion of the plane
limited by the sides of the n-gon to be doubled, as a regular
solid—a dihedron, as we will say: only that this solid, con-
trary to the elementary notion of such, encloses no space.
|| Dihe-lios. 4st. Also dihelium (in mod.
Dicts. dihely), [mod.L. f. Gr. &- = &d@ through
+ HAs sun.] (See quot.)
1727-51 Cuambers Cycé., Drhelios, in the elliptical astro-
nomy,a name which Kepler gives to that ordinate of the
ellipsis, which passes through the focus, wherein the sun is
supposed to be placed.
Dihe'ptyl. Chem.: see Di- 2 and Hepryt.
Dihexagonal (dei:heksa-génal), a. Cryst.
[f. Di-2 + Hexaconan.] Having twelve angles,
of which the first, third, fifth, ... eleventh, are
equal to one another, and the second, fourth, sixth,
... twelfth, also equal to one another, but those
of the one set not equal to those of the other; as
a dihexagonal pyramid or prism. See also quot.
1864.
1864 Wrsster, Dihevagonal, consisting of two hexagonal
parts united ; thus, a dihexagonal pyramid is composed of
two hexagonal pyramids placed base to base. 1895 Story
MASKELYNE Crys¢adlog. 141 Symmetry of a form dihexagonal.
Ibid. 277 Two dihexagonal quoins form the vertices of
the pyramids, and are composed by edges S and & alternat-
ing with each other, adjacent edges representing dihedral
angles of different magnitude. /ééd@. 278 The dihexagonal
prism or hexagonal diprism.
+ Di-hexahe'dral, a. Cryst. Ods. [f. as next
+ -AL.) Having twice six faces : see quot.
1805-17 R. Jameson Char. Min. (ed. 3) 203 Di-hexa-
hedrad (di-hexaedre), when it is a six-sided prism, having
three planes on the extremities. [204] Example, Di-hexa-
hedral felspar (feldspath di-hexaédre), which is a broad six-
sided prism, bevelled on the extremities, the bevelling planes
set on two opposite lateral edges, and on each of the
extremities, one of the angles, formed by the meeting of the
bevelling planes with the lateral edges, and on which they
are set, truncated.
Di-hexahe'dron. Cryst. [f. D1-2+HeExa-
HEDRON.] A six-sided prism with trihedral sum-
mits, making twelve faces in all. Also sometimes,
a double hexagonal pyramid.
1888 Amer. Naturalist XXII. 247 Dihexahedra of quartz
and various rare minerals are noted in them [trap dikes in
Scotland].
Dihoti, var. of Diort, wherefore.
+ Dithtende. Oés. rare—}. [early ME., subst.
use of pr. pple. of adhten, OE. dihtan to rule: sce
Licur.}] Ruler, disposer.
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 123 Almihti god . shuppende and
wealdende . and dihtende of alle shafte.
Dihydric (deihoi-drik), a. Chem. [f. Di- 2 +
Hypric.] Applied to a compound of two atoms
of hydrogen with an acid radical ; denoting dibasic
acids regarded as salts of hydrogen, as dihydric
sulphate =sulphuric acid H,SO,.
1876 Hartey Mat, Med. 187 It..is readily soluble in
water acidulated with an excess of citric acid, when the
acid or magnesic dihydric citrate is formed.
Dihydrite (deihsi-drait), Ad. [f. Gr &-,
Di- 2 + H5wp, bdp- water + -1TE.] A variety of
pseudomalachite or native phosphate of copper,
containing two equivalents of water.
1868 Dana A/in. 568.
Dihydro-, dihydr-. Chem. [f. Dir? +
Hypr(0)-.] Having two atoms of hydrogen in
combination.
1873 Fownes' Chem. (ed. 11) 334 Dihydro-tetrasodic car-
bonate may be regarded as a compound of the neutral and
acid salts. : Mate
Dihydrobromide, -chloride, -iodide. Chem.
See D1i- 2 and HypRoBROMIDE, etc.
1873 Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 11) 559 The dihydrobromides
and dihydriodides have the same composition as the di-
bromides of the olefines.
.Dihydro:xyl, a. Chem. Sce Di-2 and Hy-
DROXYL.
1875 H. C. Woop 7%eraf. (1879) 72 The dihydroxyle
quinia is physiologically inert.
Diiamb (doijsizmb). Pros. Also in L. form
diiambus (in 8 dijambus). [ad. L. d¢-cambus,
Gr. 5:fapBos a double iambus, f. &:-, Di- + + tapBos
iambus.] A metrical foot consisting of two iambs.
DI-IODIDE.
1753 CHamBers Cyc?, Supp, Dif -aie pounded
of two iambies, as sévéritds. 1844 Beck & Fenton tr.
Munk's Metres 10 Feet of six times...“ —~— Diiambus,
Diiamb. 7 :
Di-iodide (doaijai-ddaid). Chem. [f. Di-2 +
IopmpE.] A compound of two atoms of iodine
with a dyad element or radical, as mercuric di-io-
dide, Hg I,.
1873 Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 11) 227 The di-iodide melts at
110°, 1881 Athenzum 9 Apr. 496/1 On the Co-efficients of
Exp of the Diiodide of Lead (Pb I,).
Di-iodo-, di-iod-. Chem. [f. Di- 2 + Iop(o)-.
Having two atoms of iodine replacing two o'
bycisogen, as di-iodomethane CH, 1,.
1869 Roscoe Elem. Chem. 417 Prepared by the action of
caustic potash on di-bromo- or di-iodo-salicylic acid. 1877
Watts — cane. Il. 68 pe 7 hane. .crystalli
in colourless shining laminz of specific gravity 3-34.
Di-isopentyl, di-isopropyl. Chem. See Di-2
and Iso-. .
Diject, obs. erron. form of Drsxcr v.
+ Dijudicant. 00s. rare. [ad. L. dijitdicant-
em, pr. pple. of dijidicare: see next.] One who
judges, determines, or decides.
1 GLANVILL Scepsis Sef, xxvii. 226 If great Philosophers
doubt of many things, which —- dijudicants hold as
certain as their Creeds. 1691 Woop A ¢h. Oxon. 11. 496 He
.. did altogether disapprove the streightness and sloath of
elder dijudicants.
udicate (daidz#dikeit),v. Now rare. [f.
L. dijiidicat-, pa. ppl. stem of dijiidicare to judge,
determine, f. d7- apart (Di-1) + jidicare to judge.]
a. intr. To judge or pass judgement between con-
tending parties or in contested matters; to deter-
mine, decide.
1607 WALKINGTON Of¢. Glass 3 The... touchstone of true
wisdome which dijudicates not according to external sem-
blances. 1641 Bratuwatt Eng, [ntelligencer u, It being
solely in your powers to dijudicate of his necessity. 1656
in Biount Glossogr. 1676 W.
People 5 Dijudicating of the time and season.
b. trans. To judge of; to pronounce judgement
on, decide formally or authoritatively.
1666 J. Smit Old Age (ed. 2) 41 To dijudicate them as
they are in themselves, and to discern them as they differ
from all other. 1865 Pusey E£vrenicon 32 (tr. Bossuet) The
matter being dijudicated.
Hence Diju‘dicating v0/. sd.
a 1656 Hates Gold. Rem. 260 (T.) The church of Rome..
commends unto us the authority of the church in dijudicat-
ing of scriptures. |
udica‘tion. [ad. L. dijadica-
Now vave.
Huspsarp Happiness of |
358
|| Dikamali (dikamali). Z. /nd. Also deca-
malee. [Marathi dikamali.] ‘The native name of
a resinous which exudes from the ends of young
shoots of Gardenia lucida, a rubiaceous shrub o:
India.
1858 Simmons Dict. Trade, Decamalee-gum .. obtained
from the Gardenia lucida of Roxburgh. 1866 Treas.
Bot., Decamalee or Dikamali. « Drury Useful
Plants Ind. 224 A fragrant resin, known..as Dikamali
resin is procured from the tree, which is said to be useful in
hospitals. 1879 F. Pottok Sfort. Brit. Burmah 1. 247
Boil the powdered Gallnut in the oil, then add the dikkama-
lay, and when it is melted, strain,
Dike, dyke (dik), sd. Forms: 1-3 die, 3-5
dik, 4 dick, 4-7 dyk, 4-9 dike, dyke, (6 dyik,
dycke, 7 dicke, deeke, 7-9 deek, 8 (d/a/.) dick.
[OE. dic masc. and (esp. in -later use) fem., ditch,
trench, cognate with OS., OFris. d/# masc., mound,
dam, MDnu. dijc mound, dam, ditch, pool, Du. dijk
dam; MLG. dfk, LG. dik, dick dam, MHG. éich
pond, fishpond, Ger. ¢e7ch pond, also (from LG.)
deitch embankment ; Icel. d/h, d/ki neut. ditch, fish-
pond, Sw. dike ditch, Da. dige dam, embankment,
formerly also ‘ditch’. The application thus varies
between ‘ditch, dug out place’, and ‘mound
formed by throwing up the earth’, and may in-
clude both. The OE. déc has given ditch as well
as dike, and the conditions under which the two
forms severally have arisen are not clear: cf. LIKE.
The spelling dyke is very frequent, but not etymo-
logical.]
I. +1. An excavation narrow in proportion to
its length, a long and narrow hollow dug out of
the ground ; a Dire, trench, or fosse. Oés.
Used from ancient times as the boundary of lands or fields,
as the fence of an enclosure, as the defence or part of the
defences of a camp, castle, town, or other entrenched place.
In such excavations water usually gathers or flows: hence
sense 2.
47 Charter in Sweet O. F. 7 434 Donne on done dic,
Sar esne Sone weg fordealf. cgoo Bada's Hist, 1. v. (1890)
32, & hit begyrde and zefestnade mid dice and mid eord-
wealle from sx to sa. 1016 O. E. Chron. 7 May, And dulfon
pa anemycele dic. c120g Lay. 15472 Pa pe dic wes idoluen,
& allunge ideoped, Pa bi-gunnen heo wal a pere dic [1275
a pan dich) ouer al, a 1300 Cursor MM. 9399 \Cott.) A dipe
dik (v7. dick, diche) par es a-bute [pe castel] Dughtili
wroght wit-vten dute. ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace
| (Rolls) 5829 Til be [Severus] dide make an ouerthwert
tion-em deciding, n. of action from diimdicare: see |
prec.]
1. The action of judging (between matters) ; judi-
cial distinction, discernment, discrimination.
1549 GRINDAL Rem. (1843) 198 Speaking of the dijudication
of the sacraments. 1653 H. More Conject. Cadbbal. (1713)
134 Because Dijudication implies a Duality in the Object,
it 1s called Ataxprors. 1668 Howe Bless. Righteous (1825)
76 Surely heaven will not render the Soul less capable of
dijudication. 1704 J. Harris Lex. Zechn., Diacrisis, is a
distinction and dijudication of Diseases and Symptoms.
1835 C. Hovce Comm. Kom, xiv. 392 Vhe former. .means
the faculty of discrimination . .dijudication, judgment.
2. The pronouncing of a judgement; authorita-
tive decision.
1615 Byrie.p E-xfos. Coloss. i, 20 Discretion or dijudica-
tion of the cause. 1651 J. Rocket Christian Subj. xi. (1658)
123 He likewise assumes to himselfe the power of Dijudica-
tion in all causes. 1677 Gate Crt. Gentiles 1v. 204 Plato
adds..the beginning and end of this controversie ought to
be brought to the people, but the examen and dijudication
to the three chief Magistrates.
+ Diju'dicative, a. [f. L. ppl. stem dijadicat-
(see above) +-IvE.] Determinative, decisive.
1659 Stantey //ist, Philos. 11, 1. 100 ‘To number all
things referegce have—that is to dijudicative reason.
+ Dijunge, v. Obs. rare. [ad. L. dijungére to
disjoin, f. dz- apart (Di-1) + jungére to Join.)
trans. To disjoin, divide, separate.
1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) 1. 474 The. .line of separa-
tion dijunging the province of organism from the rest of the
mechanism territory.
Dik, obs. form of Dike.
|| Dika (doi-ka). Wk African name.] In dika-
bread, a vegetable substance somewhat resembling
cocoa, prepared from the fruit of a West African
species of mango-tree (Mangifera nensis).
Dika-fat, -oil, the fatty substance of dika-bread.
1859 Pharmac. Fni. Ser. u. 1. 308 Mr. P. L. Simmonds
introduced to the notice of the meeting a specimen of
Dika bread from Gaboon, on the West Coast of Africa.
Warts Dict. Chem. 11. 330 The fruit, which is
about as large as a swan’s thar a — almond
| 3eid on athir side, Schott doun the wall.
dik, Bitwyxte to sees a ful gret strik. ¢1380 Wyciir Serm.
| A maner dyk off stanys thai
Sel. Wks. I. 11 If be bal ser lede be blynde bope fallen in pe |
dyke. Wallace u. 125 Atour the dike thai
1535 Goodly
Prymer Ps. vii. 15 He is fallen into the dyke which he
made, 1§73 Tusser //sb. To Rdr. (1878) 12 Here we see,
Things severall be, And there no dike, But champion like.
1575 Cuurcnyarp Chifpes (1817) 85 The cheef capitaine
Manneryng had his deathes wounde, and fell doune in the
dike before the gate.
2. Such a hollow dug out to hold or conduct
water; a Ditcu.
Cf. February fill-dike : see Fesruary 2.
¢ 893 K. AELrrep Ores. u. iv. §7 Ymbutan pos weall is se
masta dic, on bam is iernende se ungefoglecesta stream.
c1400 Destr. Troy 1566 With depe dikes and derke doubull
of water. 1549 Compd. Scot. vi. 38 The fresche deu, quhilk
of befor hed maid dikis and dailis verray donc. 1594 PLAT
Fewell-ho. u. 60 Syr Edward Hobbie..hath stored certeine
©1470 Henry
dikes in the Ile of Sheppey, with sundrie kindes of Sea-fish, |
into which dikes by sluces, he doth let in. .change of sea-
water. 1634-5 Brereton 7rav. (1844) 43 An invention well
deserving to be put in practice in England over all moats or
dykes. a@ oy! et Corton Poet. Wks. (1765) 108 In Dike
lie, Drown'd like a Puppy. 1693 Everyy De da Quint.
Compl. Gard. VA. 184, 1 made..some little dikes or water-
courses about a foot deep..to receive the mischievous
waters. 1 Drvven Virg. Georg. 1. 441 Whole sheets
descend of slucy Rain, The Dykes are fill’d. 1791 Cotting-
ham Inclos, Act. 28 Division drains or dikes and ditches,
18ar Crare Vill, Minstr. 1. ra Some rushy dyke to jump,
or bank to climb, 1873 G. C. Davies Mount. §& Mere vi.
49 A heron sailed majestically away from a dyke.
b. Extended to any water-course or channel, in-
cluding those of natural formation. On_ the
Humber, a navigable channel, as Goole Dike,
Doncaster Dike, etc. (A local use.) ‘
1616 Suri. & Markn. Country Farme 345 The water may
haue a descent or falling away into some Brooke, River, or
other Dike. 1728 Pore Dunc. 11.261 Thames, The King of
dykes ! 1853 nities Rivers Vorksh. viii. 216 Dikes .. in
the low marshy en a ditches, and even canals, becks,
and rivers are so call 1883 // ld Gloss., Dike
. .a watercourse or stream, as Rushfield Dyke, = bridge
Dyke, Denby ag be fast-flowing water. 1888 S/efie
ps tg Dike or dyke, a river or collection of water..The
Dos or Dun ot Wedeienhs fas pea wy ry ato _ 1893
lator 12 Aug. 21 iy g East rivers,
cir into " bee ds and dykes’,
having an a ble taste. ‘T » when ¢ ly
bruised and wa: ssed, form dika-bread, which has
a grey colour, with white spots, smells like roasted cocoa
a roasted flour..and is greasy to the touch. Dika-bread
contains a large quantity of fat. 1888 W. T. Brannt Anim.
§ Veget. Fats 320 Dika oil, oba oil, or wild mango oil is
obtained from. .a tree indigenous to the west coast of Africa.
Dikage, dykage. Also 7 dicage, dyckage.
[f. Dike +-acx.] work of diking.
1634 (title), Boke of Accounts of the Participants of the
D: e of Haitfield chace (in J. Tuckett Catal. MSS.
Apr. (1868) 54). 1652 in Stonehouse A xholme (1839) 91 The
dicage and draynage of the Levell of Hatfield Chase.
3. A small pond or pool. dial.
ng erp yore Yorksh. oor ned yoite of
water, “HALLIWELL, , 2 A sma
once ae Hothune "Gloss, Dike, a ditch; in Nforth
olderness], a pond. 1889 V. W. Linc. Gloss., Dyke, a
comes lakelet, mere, or pond—as Shawn Dyke formerly on
rumby Common.
+4. Any hollow dug in the ground ; a pit, cave,
or den. Ods.
c1ago Gen. & Ex. 281 Twen heuone hil and helle dik.
a1340 Hamrote Psalter ix. gx He waytes in hidell as leon
in ean Lbid. cx\viii.7 uns ere.. out
The earh
DIKE.
paire diks. Pilgr. Sowle (Caxt .u H
ye Gogg ayy Ae 4
II. An embankment, wall, causeway. -
5. ‘A bank formed by throwing the earth out of
the ditch’ (Bosworth).
existence of this sense in Eng. is doubtful:
mena the OE. quotations for which it is assumed in
h-Tolier, tox.
1487 Newminster Cartud. (1878) 263 An olde casten dike.
re Tsa, xxix. 3, 1 wil laye sege to the rounde
aboute and graue vp dykes agaynst ye. 1595 DaLrymrLe
Leslie's Hist. Scot. w. (1895) 1. e dyk uene Abir-
corne and clyd mouth .. be a noble capitane Grame
was .. d e quh -- it is 3it called Grames
Dyke. 1853 Puiturs Rivers Vorksh, viii. 215 Earthworks
-. constructed for defence .. Such are the dike at Flam-
| borough [etc.]. 1892 Northumbld. Gloss., There are many”
earth-works of ancient date which are commonly called
dikes. One such is known as the Black-dyke. .there are also
several Grime's dikes, or Graham's dikes on the Borders.
6. A wall or fence. +a. The wall of a city, a
fortification. Obs. Son
c Destr. Troy 1533 Sone he raght vpon rowme, rid vp
be epics, Serchit vp the soile pere pe Citie was. ¢
Melayne 125 And sythen pou birne vp house and dyke.
1535 STEwART Cron, Scot. (1858) 1. 13 Syne forcit it with
fowseis mony one, And dowbill dykes that stalwart wer of
stone.
b. A low wall or fence of turf or stone serving
as a division or enclosure.
Now the regular sense in Scotland. Dry-stone dyke, a
wall constructed of stones without mortar, as usual on the
northern moors; /ai/ dyke, one made of sods or turf cut in
squares.
¢ Wystoun Cron. vii. xxxvii. 112 The mwde wall
dykis pai kest all downe.
1470 Henry Wallace ul. 133
es geht 1558 Q. Kennepiz
Compend. Tractive in Wodr. Soc. Misc. (1844) 1. 145 The
dyik or closure of the wyne-zard. 1609 Vestry Bks. (Surtees)
289 For mending of the church dicke iiijd. Row
Hist. Kirk (1842) 434 She. .climbed got over the
dyke in tothe yaird. 1774 Pennant /our Scotl. in 1772.
gt It was well defended by four ditches and five dikes. /did.
182 A great dike of loose stones. 1802 Home Hist. Reb. v,
He came to a dry stone dyke that was in his way. > 4
J. M. Barrie Window in Thrums xv, Clods of
toppled from the garden dyke into the ditch.
ec. In some dialects applied to a hedge, or a fence
of any kind.
1567-8 Durham Depfos. (Surtees) 8; That she should teir
acheffe and a neckurcheffe of adycke. 1878 Cumdbid. Gloss.,
Dyke, deyke, a hedge. 1892 Northumbld. Gloss., Dike,
dyke, a fence.. applied alike to a hedge, a ditch, an earthen,
or a stone wall when used as a fence. A dike stower is
a hedge stake.
7. A ridge, embankment, long mound, or dam,
thrown up to resist the encroachments of the sea,
or to prevent low-lying lands from being flooded
by seas, rivers, or streams.
Such are the dikes of Holland, and of the English coasts
round the Humber and Wash.
er Act 23 Hen. VIII, c. 5 § 2 The walles, dyc
nm
es .. and other defenses by the costes of the sea.
1 Cow ey Davideis w. The main Channel of an
high-swoln Flood, In vain by Dikes and broken works with-
stood. Howewt For. Trav. (Arb.) 73 Seeing their
Dikes st asaninas in the Netherlands. 1703 MaunpreLt
Journ. Ferus. (1732) 20 A e Dike thirty yards over at
top. 1756 Nucent Gr. Zour 1. 156 The land here is lower
than the waters ; for which reason they have the strongest
dams or dykes in the whole country. 1766 Grsson Decé. §
F. 1. xxiv. 705 The camp of Carche was protected by the
lofty dykes of the river. 2832 tr. Sismondi's /tal. Rep.
v. 107 They undertook the immense labour. .of making dikes
to preserve the plains from the inundation of the rivers.
. A beavers’ dam. mo
1774 Gotvsm. Nat. /Hist.(1776) 1V. 164 They. .are equally
tncheaneione in the erection of their lodges, as their dikes.
ec. A jetty or pier running into the water. /oca/.
1 Brann Newcastle 1. note, Qu Why are
Bh.» J, in the ¢ languege of the beckon, balled
dikes? 182g E. Mackenzie “ist. Northuybld. 11. 425
A pier or dike run out at the entrance at Blyth Har-
ae raised causeway. eee
‘axton Chron, Eng. xxii. (1482) 21 Two weyes
tut tes made in bossyng thurghout the land that one is
callyd fosse and that other fosse dyke. 1774 Gotvsm. Vat.
Hist. (1862) 1. v1. v. 480 This dike, or causey, is i
ten, and sometimes twelve feet thick, at the foundation.
1843 Prescorr Mexico 1. viii. (1864) 187 The Spaniards
came on the great dike or causeway. ~ My Northumbld.
Gloss., Dikes were also frequently trackways.
8. fig. A barrier, obstacle, or obstruction,
1770 Yunius Lett. xxxvi. 171 Gain a decisive victory ..or
.. perish bravely .. behind the last dike of the prerogative.
18ax Byron Yuan ui. xcv, He there builds up a formidable
dyke Between his own and others’ intellect. I. Tayior
Fanat, vi. 165 If .. the dyke of despotism not bulged
and gaped. shes Morey Dutch Ref. u. i. (1866) 128 A solid,
substantial dyke against the arbitrary power which was for
ever chafing and fretting to d y its i
9. Mining (Northumd.). A fissure in a stratum,
789 Brann Newcastle 11. 679 Dikes are the largest kind
of fissures. .a crack, .of the a
between the two sides of the. owe wed is denominated a clay-
stone-dike, etc, 1892 Northumdé,
at a lower level,
a level,
DIKE.
b. Hence, in Geol. A mass of mineral matter,
usually igneous: rock, filling up a fissure in the
original strata, and sometimes rising from these
like a mound or wall, when they have been worn
down by denudation.
1802 Prayrair Jllustr. Hutton. Th. 67 Whin..exists..in
veins (called ip Scotland dykes) traversing the strata. 1843
Portiock Geol. 114 A trap dike of considerable size .. cuts
through the chalk. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. xii. (1852) 261
Shattered and baked rocks, traversed by innumerable dykes
of greenstone. 1865 Livincstone Zamzbesi ix. 185 A dyke
of black basaltic rock crosses the river, 1875 Lye. Princ.
Geol. 1. 11. xxv. 628 The inclined strata. .are intersected by
veins or dikes of compact lava.
ce. Blue dike: see quot.
1855 Dawson Acadian Geol. iii. 25 Near the edge of the
upland, it [the’soil] passes into a gray or bluish gray clay
called ‘blue dike’, or, from the circumstance of its contain-
ing many vegetable fragments and fibres, ‘corky dike’.
10. attrib. and Comdb., as dike-back, -bottom, -delver,
-road, -side; dike-hopper, the wheatear; dike-
louper (.S¢.), a person or animal (e.g. an ox or
sheep) that leaps over fences; fig. a transgressor of
the laws of morality ; +dike-row, a row of trees
bordering a field; dike-seam, a seam or bed of
coal worked nearly on end (déa/.).
a@ 1400-50 Alexander 712 Pat doune he drafe to pe depest
of the dyke bothom. 1530 Lynpesay Jest. Papyngo 992
Now dyke lowparis dois in the kirk resort. 1664 SPELMAN
Gloss. s. v. Thenecium, Arbores crescentes circa agros pro
clausura eorum. Volgo dicimus Dike vowes. a 1810 ‘T'ANNA-
HILL Barrochan Fean Poems (1846) 117 Around the peat-
stacks, and alangst the dyke-backs, 1810 WELLINGTON in
Gurw. Desf. VII. 72, I request you to have the dyke roads
on the island well ascertained and known, 1847-78 Hatui-
WELL, Dike-cam, a ditch bank. North. 1852 Meanderings
of Mem, 1. 15 Dyke-cloistered Taddington, of cold intense.
Jbid. 1.57 The dikeside watch when Midnight-feeders stray.
1876 Whitby Gloss., Diker or Dike-delver, a ditcher; a
digger of drains. ;
e, dyke (daik), v. Also 4 (Sc.) dik. [f.
Dike sé. OE. had déctan; but the ME. and modern
verb is prob. a new formation.]
1. intr. To make a dike, ditch, or excavation;
to dig.
_ [900 Bada’s Hist. t.ix. § 3 (1890) 46 Par Seuerus se casere
iu het dician and eorpwall gewyrcan.] 1377 LancL. P. Pl.
B. v. 552, I dyke and I delue, I do pat treuthe hoteth.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Proé. 538 He wolde..dyke and delue, For
cristes sake, for euery poure wight. 14.. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker
379/43 Effodio, to dyke, or delve. c1440 Promp. Parv. 121/1
yken, or make a dyke, P acre 1483 Caster Fables of AE sop
2b, He sente hym..to dyke and delve in the erthe. ¢1530
Ploughman § Paternoster in Rel. Ant. 1. 43 He cowde ..
dyke, hedge, and mylke a cowe. 1573 Tusser Husd, xxiii.
(1878) 6r When frost will not suffer to dike and to hedge.
1892 St. Brooke Z. Eng. Lit. ix. 202 Men at work dyking
and delving, ploughing and clodding.
+ 2. trans. To excavate, dig out (a ditchorhollow).
¢1350 Will. Palerne 2233 Pei saie..a semliche quarrere..
al holwe newe diked. 1393 Lane. P. Pl. C, xxi. 365 To
delue and dike a deop diche.
3. trans. To provide with a dike or dikes, in
various senses. a. To surround with dikes or
trenches; to entrench.
¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 272 Now dos Edward dike
Berwik brode and long, Als pei bad him pike, and scorned
him in per song. 1375 Barsour Bruce xvu. 271 [He] ger
dik thame so stalwardly. cxqg00 Maunpev, (Roxb.) ix. 35 It
es wele walled all aboute and dyked [fermez entour ad bonz
JSossez\. 1513 Douctas nes vi. iv. 6 Ane dirk, and pro-
found caue .. Quhilk wes weill dekkit [ed. 1553 dykit] and
closit for the nanis With ane foule laik. 1538 LeLanp ///n.
I. 38 A praty Pile or Castelet wel dikid, now usid for a
Prison, 1555 WatrEMAN /ardle Facions Pref. 8 [They]...
diked in themselues. -
b. To enclose with an earthen or stone wall. Sc.
¢1575 Batrour Practicks (1754) 145 (Jam.) And dike and
|
|
|
wd the samin surelie and keip thame sikkerlie. 1774 |
n
ENNANT Zour Scotl. in 1772. 336 A fortress diked rou
with stone. é
¢e. To defend with a dike or embankment against
the sea or river; in quot. 1813 adsol.
@ 1687 Petty Pol. Arith. i. (1691) 14 In the Marshes, Im-
passible ground Diked and ‘Trenched. 1808 J. Bartow
Columb. we. 532 Quay the calm ports and dike the lawns
Ilave. 1813 Scotr Let, to Miss ¥. Baillie 10 Jan. in Lock-
hart, 1 have been. .dyking against the river. 1862 Marsu
Eng. Lang. 50 The low lands, subject to overflow by the
German Ocean. .were not diked.
3. To clean out, scour (a ditch or water-course).
1519 Presentm. Furies in Surtees Misc. (1890) 31 All watter-
sewers..be on and scoried, 1562 Act 5 Eliz.c. 1387
The Heyes, Fences, Dikes or Hedges. .shall from Time to
Time be diked, scoured, repaired and kept low.
4. To place (flax or hemp) in a dike or water-
course to steep.
1799 A. Youne Linc. Agric. 164 Pull it the beginning of
August..Bind and dyke it : leave it in about ten days.
Diked, dyked (daikt), 247. a. [f. Dix +-zp.]
Furnished with a dike or dikes.
1830 IV’estm, Rev. XI11. 173 Dyked marsh owes its form-
ation to a natural phenomenon which appears to have been
in operation for ages on the upper shores of the bay of
Fun ty. 1884 S. E Dawson Handbk. Dom. Canada 67
The dyked meadow-lands of the Acadians,
Dike- ve. Also 7 -greave, 8— digrave.
[a. MDu. dijegrave, mod.Du. dizkeraaf, f. dijk dike
+ graaf count, earl.] a. In Holland, an officer
whose function it is to take charge of the dikes or
359
sea-walls. b. In England (esp. Lincolnshire),
an officer who has charge of the drains, sluices,
and sea-banks of a district under the Court of
Sewers; = DIKE-REEVE. Now only dial. (di grave).
1563 Court-roll Settrington in Yorksh. Archeol. Frnl. X.
75 Milo Herkey et Johannes Holden electi sunt in officiis le
dyke graues de anno sequente. 1637 Airton-in-Lindsey
Fine Rollin N. W. Linc. Gloss., Of lohn Slater and William
Ellys, dikegreaues, for not executing their office, viij4, c 1645,
Howe t Lett. 1. i. 5 The chief Dike-Grave here, is one of |
the greatest Officers of Trust in all the Province. 1672
Marve Poems, Char. Holland 49 Some small dyke-grave,
unperceiv’d, invades The pow’r, 1721 New Gen. Atlas 119
The Dykegrave and his Assistants meet to take care of the
Dykes, Sluices, Banks, and Channels .. in the Rhineland.
1721 BaiLey, Digrave, Dike-grave, an Officer who takes care
of Banks and Ditches. 1889 V. 17. Linc. Gloss., Dykegrave,
Dykereve, a manorial or parochial officer, whose duty it is
to superintend the dykes.
Diker, dyker (dai-ko1). Also 5 dikar, dycare.
[OE. décere, dikere, f. dic-ian to dike, to ditch;
in ME, perh. formed anew from DIKE v.]
1. A man who constructs or works at dikes.
One who digs ditches or trenches,
¢ 1000 AELrric Goss, in Wr,-Wiilcker 149/16 Fossor, dikere.
1377 Lancet. ?. Pd. B. vi. 109 Dikeres and delueres digged
vp be balkes. 1496 Dives § Paup. (W. de W.)1. xlvi. 872/1
Labourers, deluers and dykers.. ben full poore comonly.
1587 FLeminG Con‘n, Holinshed ILI. 1541/2 They knew not
the order of Romneie marsh works .. for they were onelie
good dikers and hodmen. 1723 ‘THorEsby in PAzl. Trans.
XXXII. 344 When the Labourers or Dikers first discovered
‘ ee Jerre. -it might be about the Depth of 8 or 10 Foot.
1865 KincsLey Herew. (1866) II. ix. 153 ‘Their .. weapons
were found at times by delvers and dykers for centuries after.
b. One who builds enclosure walls (of earth or
dry stone). Sc.
1497 Ld. Treas. Acc. Scot. 1. 332 The dikaris of the park
of Falkland, 1864 Cornh. Mag. Nov. 613 Dry-stone dykers,
as well as masons, have twenty-four shillings per week.
1884 J. Tarr in Un. Presbyterian Mag. Apr. 156 He was to
meat the dykers while bigging the fold yee:
e. One who constructs embankments.
1481-90 /Yoward Househ. Bhs. (Roxb.) 510 Payd to Prynce,
the dyker, for the dykyng off ij. rodde in the old parke of a
pond ther, viij.s.
2. A local name of the hedge-sparrow.
1892 Northumbid. Gloss., Diker, a hedge sparrow.
Di‘ke-reeve, dyke-. [f. Dike sd. + Rerve:
perhaps an alteration of dzhke-grave, -greave, by
identifying its final part with the Eng. veeve, as in
port-reeve.| An officer appointed or approved by
the Commissioners of Sewers, to take charge of the
drains, sluices, and sea-banks of a district of fen
or marsh-land in England, .
1665 Act 16 & 17 Charles I/, c.11 §7 Summes of Money..
a.
by the said Dykereeves and Surveyours of Sewers or any of |
them expended in and about the takeing, repairing and
amending of any such Breach or Breaches, Goole or Gooles,
Overflowing or Overflowings of waters. 1726 Laws of Sewers
189 The Dyke-Reeves, Officers, or other Inhabitants there
may set down the Slough of such Drains. 1848 Act 12 & 13
Vict. c. 50 § 3 To appoint one or more competent person or
persons, being an occupier of sewable lands. .to act as dyke-
reeve within each of such sub-districts. 1883 Notice 19 Oct.
(Worle View of Sewers, Weston-super-Mare), Owing to the
violence of the Gale on the 17th, a Special View of the
Dyke Reeves was held, and your Work..was found to re-
quire repairing. Sag Coa hie Court of Sewers, Wapen-
take of Manley &c., Dec. 17 Being occupiers of not less than
ten acres of sewable land in the Messingham District. .they
are hereby appointed to act as dykereeves within the said
district.
+ Dikesmowler, dyke-. [f. Dikrsd.] An
obsolete name of the hedge-sparrow.
1611 CotGr., Mari cocu, an Hedge-sparrow, Dikesmowler,
Dunnecke. [1847in HaLuiwELt. 1885 in Swainson Prov.
Names Brit. Birds.)
Dike-warden. [f. Dikxe+ Warpen: cf. way-
warden.) = DIKE-GRAVE.
1890 Saintspury ss. 253 Seithenyn, the drunken prince
and dyke-warden. '. eee
Diking, veg, | (daikin), vd/. sd. [OE.
dicung, f. déc-tan to DIKE: see -ING 1.]
1. The action of making a dike ; the construction
of dikes (in various senses of the sb.).
¢ 1000 AELFRic Gloss. in Wr.-Wiilcker 149/15 Fossio, dicung.
1377 Lanet. P. PZ. B, vi. 250 Eche a wyght wrou3te or in
dykynge or in deluynge. 1486 Nottingham Rec. I11. 246
For dykyng at the Cheynybrigg Close. 1526 Customs of
Pale (Dillon 1892) 82 To minishe everie yere j4 unto the
time that his betterings of such dikenge be owte or Run
uppe. 1569 Nottingham Rec. 1V. 135 For dykyng the gret
dyke in Westcroft. 1641 Best Harm. Bhs. (Surtees) 120 Two
dayes. .dykinge aboute it. 1726 Laws of Sewers 188 Keep
the Rivers thereof with sufficient Dyking, Scouring [etc.].
1830 N.S.Wneaton ¥rn/. 464 Much of the land. .reclaimed
from. the marsh by d'tching and dykeing. 1865 CarLyLe
Fredk. Gt. V1. xvi. viii. 223 Upon this Dollart itself there is
now to be diking tried. 1884 Manch, Exanz, 6 Sept. 5/2
The land. .wants draining, and dyking.
2. Work consisting of dikes.
1436 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 153 Defens off herth and dikyng.
1483 Cath. Angl. 100/1 A Dikynge, fossatus. r1g22 M/S.
Ace. St. Fohn's Hosp., Canterb., Paied for castyng of xxj
roddis of dykyng. “
8. Comb. diking-boots, stout boots, reaching up
to the thigh, used in ditching; diking-mitten, a
glove used by a diker.
1820 Bewick Mev. (1882) 13
dyking-mitten“and a sharp
ene with an apron, an old
d sickle, to set off among the
DILANIATE.
whin bushes. 1877 Holderness Gloss., Dikin-beeats, used
for wading in the water and mud when diking. ~
Dikkar, obs. form of Dicker sd,!
+ Dila‘cerate, f//. a. Obs. [ad. L. dilacerat-
us torn asunder, pa. pple. of di/acerare: see next.]
Kent asunder, torn: used is pple. and aaj.
1602 Warner A/b, Eng. Epit. (1612) 368 England .. dila-
cerate and infested. .by the Danes. 1608 MippLEton 77ick
to catch Old-one 1. i, What may a stranger expect from thee
but vdnera dilacerata, as the poet says, dilacerate dealing ?
1649 Roserts Clavis Bibl. 489 His dilacerate members.
Dilacerate (di-, doilz-séreit), v. Also 7 de-.
[f. ppl. stem of L: dilacerare (f. di-, dés- asunder
(Di- 1) + dacerare to tear, lacerate) ; also délacerare,
whence the formerly frequent variant de/acerate.]
trans. Yo tear asunder, tear in pieces. Also fig.
a, 1604 R. Caworey Zable Alph., Dilacerate, to rent in
sunder. 1618 Hist. Perkin Warbeck in Select. Har.
ATLisc. (1793) 80 You .. know how the house of York hath
been dilacerated and torn in pieces by the cruel hand of
tyrants and home-bred wolves, 1634 Sir ‘I’. Herpert 7'vav.
38 Their eares are extended and dilacerated very much.
1650 Descr. uture Hist. Europe Pref. 2 ‘The Church is
dilacerated, the Commonwealth disjoynted. 1708 Motreux
Rabelais w, li. (1737) 211 All were dilacerated and spoil’d.
1822 ‘I’. ‘T'avior Apudetus 11 Shall we first dilacerate this
man? 1848 J. Cartyie tr. Dante's Inferno (1849) 334
See how I dilacerate myself. ,
B. 1624 T. Scott Vox Cali Ded. 5 The Match long
since prophetically delacerated. 1647 R. Baron Cyprian
Acad. 15 Acteons dogs .. greedy to delacerate his limbes
instead of the innocent beast he persued.
Hence Dila‘cerated f//. a.
1650 A. B. A/utat. Polemo Vo Rdr. 2 My poor dilacerated
Countrey. 1668 H. Morr Div. Dial. wv. xxxiii. (1713) 385
‘The dilacerated Empire of Rome.
Dilaceration (di-, daila:séré' fan). Also 7 de-.
[a. F. dtlacération (1419 in Hatzf.), ad. L. dila-
ceration-em, n. of action from dilacerare : see prec.]
1. The action of rending asunder or tearing (parts
of the body, etc.) ; the condition of being torn
or rent.
a, 1634 T. Jounson tr. Parey's Chirurg. x1. i. (1678) 278
Wounds .. by Gunshot .. are accompanied with contusion,
dilaceration, [etc.] 1646 Sir ‘I. Browne Pseud. Ep. m1.
xvi. 146 Conceiving a dilaceration of the ..-belly of the
viper. 1732 ArsutHNot Rules of Diet 396 Dilaceration of
the nerveous Fibres. 1805 B. Montacue tr. Bacon’s Wisd.
Ancients Wks. (Bohn 1860) 259 The riddles of Sphinx..
have two conditions annexed. .dilaceration to those who do
not solve them, and empire to those that do, 1838 Nez
Monthly Mag. LV. 403 His right-hand nails .. threatened
instant dilaceration.
rg. 1545 Jove Lp. Dan, xi. CC ij b, Many dilaceracions
& divisions. 1610 Heatey St, Aug. Citie of God 731 His
nobles ,. after his death making ..a dilaceration of his
monarchy. 1808 Lams Char. Dram. IWrit., Ford Wks.
531/2 This dilaceration of the spirit and exenteration of the
inmost mind.
B. 1624 ‘I. Scotr Vox Cali 58 God himselfe hath. .Con-
firmed the breach and delaceration of the [Spanish] Match.
1727 Bairey vol. II, Delaceration, a tearing in pieces. 1755
in oaneon 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex., Delaceration.
2. spec. In Dental Surgery, used ‘to describe a
condition of tooth resulting from displacement of
the calcified portion from the tissues which are
instrumental in its production, the development
being continued after the normal position of the
calcified part has been lost’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.).
1859 J. Tomes Dental Surg. 164 The crown and the fang
being joined at an angle, presenting that peculiarity of con-
formation which has been denominated dilaceration. 1878
T. Bryant Pract, Surg. 1. 562 Dilaceration is due to a
shifting of the forming tooth on its base.
Dilactic (dailktik), @. Chem. [f. Di-2 2+
Lactic.] In Délactic acid, a pale yellow, amor-
phous, easily fusible substance, formed, along with
lactide, by heating lacticacid. Formula C;H,, O;-
2.C,H,O)-O, Hy. Its salts are Dila-ctates.
(So called because it contains two equivalents of lactyl,
C3 H,4 O, the radical of lactic acid.)
1863-72 Warts Dict. Chem. II. 461.
Dilambdodont (dailaemdodgnt), a. Zool. [f.
Gr, &-, Di- 4 + AduBéa the letter lambda, A + d50v7-
tooth.] Having oblong molar teeth with two A-
or V-shaped ridges ; as is the case with the Insec-
tivorous Mammals of the northern hemisphere, the
mole, hedgehog, etc.
i ination (doileminéfan). Bot. [n. of
action from L. di/amindre to split in two, f. d2z-,
dis- asunder + /amina thin plate, layer.] Separation
into laminz, or splitting off of a lamina.
1849 Batrour J/an. Bot. 184 A process of dilamination, or
chorization. 1875 /é/d. (ed. 5) 371 Parts of the flower are
often increased bya process of deduplication, unlining, dila-
mination, or chorization, i.e. the separation of a lamina
from organs already formed. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dila-
mination, the separation into layers of parts originally con-
tinuous. 5 .
+ Dila‘niate, v. Ods. [f. L. dilaniat- ppl. stem
of dilaniare to tear in pieces, f. di- apart + lanidre
to tear.] ‘vans. To rend or tear in pieces. Hence
Dila‘niated f7/. a.
1535 W. Oversury Let. to Crumwed in Strype Eccl. Mem.
I. xxix. 206 There be many perverse men, which do dilaniate
the flock of Christ. 1597 1s¢ Pt. Return fr. Parnass. ui. i.
965, I have restored thy dylaniated back .. to those prittie
clothes wherin thou now walkest. 1644 Howett Zug. 7 ears
in Harl, Misc. (Malh.) V. 451 Rather than they would
DILANIATION.
dilaniate the intrails of their own mother, fair Italy .. they
met halfway. 1653 W. Sctater Fun, Serm. (1654) 8 Being
dilaniated, and rent in his body,
+ Dilania‘tion. Oés. [n. of action f. prec. :
cf. L, /aniation-em tearing.] The action of tearing
or rending in pieces.
1569 J. Sanrorp tr. Agrippa's Van. Artes 11b, The di-
laniation of Bacchus. a 1656 Br. Hact H’ks. (1837-9) VI.
48 (D.) To Caionge and provoke the furious lions to his
Staniation. ecr. Hist. Chas. 11 & Yas. 11 32 The
scars of his cruel dilaniations. ;
Dila‘pidate, ppl. a. Obs. or arch. Also 7
delapidat. [ad. L. dilapidat-us, pa. pple. of di-
lapidare : see next.) =DILapipaTED. (Chiefly as
pa. pple.)
1590 [see next 2]. 1638 Sir T. Hersert 77av. (ed. 2) 114
It was taken An. 1622, and by them delapidat and depopu-
lated. 1865 Kincstey Herew. (1866) I. i. 29 The keep even
in Leland’s time. .somewhat dilapidate.
ilapidate (dile'pidet:), v. Also 7-9 de-.
[ad. L. dilapidare lit. ‘to scatter as if throwing
stones’, to throw away, destroy, f. ¢z-, dés- asunder
+/apidare to throw stones, f. /afid-em stone. Taken
in Eng. in a more literal sense than was usual in L.]
1. trans. To bring (a building) into a state of
decay or of partial ruin. Also fig.
1570 Levins Mautp. 41/36 To Dilapidate, dilapidare. 1634
Sir T. Herpert 7raz, 216 A ruined Chappell... built by the
Spaniard, and delapidated by the Dutch. 1706 Sispatp
Hist, Picts in Misc. Scot. 1. 111 It has been sadly dilapi-
dated of late, to obtain stones to build a house. 1824 W.
Irvine 7. Trav, I. 14 The whole side was dilapidated, and
seemed like the wing of a house shut up. 1 Lowe.
Frnl. Italy Prose Wks. 1890 I. 208 His whole figure sud-
denly dilapidates itself, assuming a tremble of professional
weakness.
2. fig. To waste, squander (a benefice or estate).
1590 in Row //ist. Kirk (Maitland) 408 All quho have
dilapidat benefices .. to the preiudice of the Kirk. 1642
Futter Holy & Prof. St... vi. 168 Those who by overbuild-
ing their houses have dilapidated their lands. @1711 Ken
Serm., Wks. (1838) 160 Nothing..more certainly dilapidates
their estates..than the surfeits of intemperance. 1844 Lin-
Gard Anglo-Sax, Ch. (1858) 1. vi. 234 note, Having dilapi-
dated the revenues.
absol. 1692 H. Wuarton Def. Pluralities 159 (T.) Many
pluralists. .do neither dilapidate, nor neglect alms.
3. intr. To become dilapidated; to fall into
ruin, decay, or disrepair.
1712 Pripeaux Direct. Ch.-wardens (ed. 4) 25 [Charged]
with the supervisal..of ..the..House, to see that [it] be
[not] permitted to dilapidate and fall into decay. 1775
Jounson Fourn, West. [sl., Elgin, The church of Elgin ..
was. .shamefully suffered to dilapidate by deliberate robbery
and frigid indifference, 1858 De Quincey Pope Wks. 1X. 30
To find one’s fortune dilapidating by changes so rapid.
Hence Dila‘pidating pf/. a.
1779-81 Jounson L. P., Dyer, In the neighbourhood of
dilapidating Edifices. 1805 Wuitaker //ist, Craven 509
How .. are our dilapidating churches to be rebuilt? 1854
H. Miuver Sch. & Schm. (1858) 220 Thirty years .. [have]
exerted their dilapidating effects on [the obelisks).
Dilapidated (dilx-pide'téd’, pp/. a. [f. prec.
+-ED!,] Fallen into ruin or disrepair; ruined,
impaired, broken down. (/7¢, and fig.)
a 1806 Br. Horsey Ser. xxxv. (R.), The inconvenience
of succeeding to dilapidated houses. 1817 Str J. Newrorr
in Parl, Deb, 1484 Vhe danger was to be apprehended from
the dilapidated state of the finances. 1865 Dickens Mut,
Fr. u. i, A dilapidated old country villa, 1874 Ruskin Fors
Clav. 1V. xxxvil. 2 A large and dilapidated pair of woman's
shoes.
Dilapidation (dilzx:pidz-fan). Also 5-9 de-.
= L. dilapidation-em a squandering, n, of action
. dilapidare; see DILAPIDATE v.]
1. The action of dilapidating or expending waste-
fully ; wasteful expenditure, squandering.
¢1460 Fortescue Ads. & Lim. Mon. x, Sellynge off a
kynges livelod, is propirly callid delapidacion off his crowne.
ay R. Cawprey Sable Alph., Dilapidation, wastefull
spending, or suffering to goe to decay. 1682 Burnet Xigh/s
Princes Pref. 24 Against the Dilapidations of the Revenues
of the Church. 1798 Mattnus Popud. (1878) 427 The dilapi-
dation of the national resources. 1818 Hattam Mid. Ages
viii. 111. (1855) III. 160 The dilapidation which had taken
place in the royal demesnes. — ao
2. The action of bringing (a building, etc.) into
ruin, decay, or Cirepat
1820 W. Irvine Sketch Bk. 1. 272 Subject to the dilapida-
tions of time and the caprice of fashion. 1886 Act 49-50
Vict. c. 29. § 1 (3) The crofter shall not. .persistently injure
the holding by the dilapidation of building :
3. Law. The action of pulling down, allowing to
fall into a state of disrepair, or inany way impairing
ecclesiastical property belonging to an incumbency.
¢ 1425 Wyntoun Cron. 1x. xx. 116 Ane auld abbote swa
put downe For opyn dilapidatioune. grr CoLer Serm. to
Conuocacion A vija, Suynge for tithes, for offrynge, for
mortuaries, for delapidations, by the right and title of the
churche. ax1613 Oversury Charac., Ordinary Widdow
Wks. gg = 140 A churchman she dare not venture upon ;
for she hath heard widowes complain of dilapidations,
1768 Brackxstone Comm. III. 91 Dilapidations. .are a kind
ecclesiastical waste, either voluntary, by pulling down ; or
permissive, by suffering the chancel, parsonage-house, and
other buildings. .to decay. 1874 Mickteruwaire Mod, Par,
Churches 237 Experience in the valuation of dilapids
b. loosely. The sums charged against an incum~
bent or his tatives to make good such
damage incu’ during his incumbency.
4553 Lanc, Wills (1857) Il. 263, 1 thinke my successors
360
cannot ., requyer any dylapidacions ffor Sefton, 1868
Mitman ‘St. Pand's 4 Ceaiiiakis neues dilapidations
for the repair of the body of the church.
attrib. 1772 Ann, Reg. 145 His Lordship .. will lay out
the dilapidation sum. .in building a house for the see.
4. The action of falling into decay; the condition
of being in ruins or in disrepair. (//¢. and fig.)
1638 Six T, Hersert 7rav. (ed. 2)219 The Calyph pittied
her delapidations, and .. begun to reare her up againe, and
builded [etc.]. 1684 Goopman Winter Evening Confer.1.
(L.), By keeping a strict account of incomes and expences,
a man might easily preserve an estate from dilapidation.
1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 1. The works ..are in such
astate of delapidation. 1860 Mrs. Harvey Cruise Claymore
xi. 303 In striking contrast to the wretched delapidation of
the Holy Sepulchre. 1861 F. Hat in Jrvd. Asiat. Soc,
Bengal 14 An edifice now lying in littered dilapidation.
5. The falling of stones or masses of rock from
mountains or cliffs by natural agency.
1794 Suttivan View Nat. II. 165 In the course of time
they shall be exposed from the dilapidations of the moun-
tain. 1816 Keatince 7'rav. (1817) I. 61 The dilapidation
taking place on the east, has caused an opening .. into the
heart of the mountain. 1875 Lyewt /’rinc. Geol. 1. . xv. 356
‘The rocks have been suffering from dilapidation.
b. concr. A mass or collection of stone which
has fallen from a mountain or height ; debris.
1816 KeatincE 7 rav. (1817) 1. 68 Masses of dilapidation
of various sizes. /é/d, 11. 48 The whole tract is covered
with reduced dilapidation, either hornstone, trapp, or basalt,
idator (dilx-pide'ta:), f[agent-n., in L.
form, from di/apidare; see DILAPIDATE v. and -or.
Cf. F. dilapidateur (15th c. in Hatz.-Darm.] One
who dilapidates or brings into a ruinous condition ;
one who allows a building to fall into disrepair.
1692 H. Wuarton Def, Pluralities 156(T.) You shall
seldom see a non-resident, but he is also a dilapidator. 1
Bp. OF Lincotn Adv. Clergy 33 Dilapidators many times die
insolvent and so leave the whole Burden of the Repair upon
the Successour, 1812 Sir R. Witson Priv. Diary I. 39,
I only allowed myself to become a purchaser and not a dilapi-
dator. 1890 7adlet 24 uy 813 Power to resirain both
builders and dilapidators within reasonable limits.
Dilapse, var. of DELaPsE v., to slip down.
1816 Kratince 7rav. (1817) I. 149 A round hill, one side
of which has dilapsed nearly perpendicularly.
Dilash, var. of DELAsH v. Oés., to let off.
1582-8 Hist. James VI (1804) 209 He cawsit dilashe sum
cannons in face of the fyre, to terifie the people to ap- |
proach.
Dilatability (doile tabi-liti, di. [f, next: |
see -1TY.] ‘The quality of being dilatable, capacity _
of being dilated.
1691 Ray Creation 1. (1714) 28 We take notice of the
wonderful dilatability or extensiveness of the throats .. of
serpents. | 1773 Phil. Trans. LXIILI. 435 Substances that. .
differed in their dilatability. 1826 Henry Elem. Chem. se |
y
‘The law of the dilatability of gases by heat has alre:
been stated. 1875 Croii Climate & T. vii. 116 Taking the
dilatability of sea water to be the same as that of fresh.
Dilatable (dail@-tab’l, di-), a. [f Dmare v.
| dilatacioun ?
+-ABLE, Cf. F. délatable (Cotgr. 1611).] Capable |
of being dilated, widened out, extended, or en-
larged; expansible.
1610 Heatey St. Aug. Citie of God x1. v. (1620) 391 They
will neither make God's essence dilatable nor Timitable.
ax691 Bovis //ist, Air i. (1692) 1 That thin. .compressible
and dilatable Body in which we breath. 1782 A. Monro
Compar. Anat. (ed. 3) 28 Owls .. have the pupil very dilat-
able.
several forms of natural bodies, gases and vapours are ob-
served to be most dilatable.
Hence Dila‘tableness.
1727 Baicey vol. II., Didatableness, capableness of being
widened.
+ Dilatable, a. Ods., erroneous f. DELITABLE
(also diletabil, dilitable, etc.).
€ 1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 57 A lyf pat may
noght be chaungyd, a kyngdome ay lastand dilatable,
Dilatancy (doilétansi, di-). [f next: see
-ancy.] The property of dilating or expanding ;
spec. that of expanding in bulk with e of
shape, exhibited by granular masses, and due to
the increase of space between their rigid particles
when their position is changed,
1885 O. Reynotps in Proc. Brit. Assoc. (title) On the
Dil y of Media d of Rigid Particles in tact.
— /bid., A very fundamental property of granular masses,
To this prspersy he [O. pall vn, pa the name of dilat-
ancy. tis exhibited in any arrangement rong where
om of bulk is dependent upon change of shape, 1886
Sat. Rev. 28 Aug. 295 Owens College had at that time only
begun to display its ‘dilatancy’, if we may make bold to
185r Herscnet Stud. Nat. Phil. 1. v. 319 Of the.
DILATATORY.
+ Di'latate, v. Ods. [f. L. dilatat- stem of
dilatare: see Deaee v.2] =DILate Kr 3
SS Serra
Dilatate (doiléte't), ps7. a. Zool. [ad. L. di-
latat-us, pa. pple. of dilatare to Ditate.] Dilated.
1846 Dana Zooph, (1845) 134 Sparingly dilatate at each
extremity, - ,
Dilatation (doiltz-fan). [a. OF. délatacion,
-ation (14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.)=It. di/atazione,
Sp. dilatacion, ad. L.. dilatation-em, n. of action f.
dilata-¥e to DILaTE v.2}
1. The action or process of dilating; the condition
of being dilated ; widening out, ex ion, enlarge-
ment, (Chiefly in Physics and Physiol.) :
c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 66 And if pat pe blood go out
of arterie pou schalt knowe it bi construccion and dilatacion
of pe same arterie. 1589 Cocan Haven Health <a
By blowing of the winde or dilatation of the ayre.
Wonk New Exp. Phys. Mech. i. 28 \t appears not that any
compression of the Air preceded its spontaneous Dilatation
or Sapaudhed of it self. 1685 — Effects of Mot. ix. 108 The
dilatation of metals..by Heat. 1732 Arsutunot Rules of
Diet 389 There may be a Dropsy .. by a Dilatation of the
serous Vessels, Henry Elem.Chem.1. 80 The expansion
or dilatation of bodies .. is an almost universal effect of an
increase of temperature. 1849 Mrs. SomERVILLE Connect.
Phys. Sc. xvii. 156 Alternate cond ions and dil of
the strata. 1871 W. A. Hammonp Dis. Nerv. Syst. 46 The
emotions of shame, of anger, and others, cause the face to
become red from dilatation of the blood-vessels.
Jig. 659 Stancey Hist, Philos. xi.(1701) 590/2 Pleasure
. .is produced with a kind of dilatation and exaltation of the
Soul. 1762 Kames Elem. Crit. (1833) 221 We feel a gradual
dilatation of mind. 1877 Wraxatt //ugo's Miserables w.
xlix. 33 There is a dilatation of thought peculiar to the
vicinity of a tomb, — , z
b. concr. A dilated form, formation, or portion
of any structure.
1833 Tuirtwatt in Philol. Museum 11. 163 Memnon is
only a dilatation of Menon. 1854 Woopwarp Mollusca u.
161 A similar contractile dilatation exists at the end of the
foot. 1857 BerkeLey Cryftog. Bot. § 73 The only semblance
of a root is a little dilatation of the base. 1861 Hutme tr,
Mogquin- Tandon 1. 1. 43 This dilatation divides the diges-
tive canal into three parts. S
2. The Speers abroad, extension, expansion (of
immaterial or abstract things). arch.
1448 Will of Hen. V1. in Willis and Clark Cambridge (1886)
I. 353 Dilatacion, and stablisshement of christen feith.
1610 Br. Carteton ¥urisd. 174 For preseruation and dilata-
tion of peace and iustice. 1646 Sir J. Tempe /rish Rebell,
65 Before I..come to declare the universal dilatation of [the
rebellion] throughout the whole kingdom. Cor. Wise-
man Cath. & Angl. Ch. Ess. (1853) Il. 232 To the end of
the world, room will be left for the dilatation of religion.
3. The action or practice of dilating upon a su
ject in speech or writing; amplification, enlarge-
ment, diffuse treatment.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Man of Law's T. 134 What needeth gretter
c 1440 Carcrave Life St. Kath. w. tees
this dilatacyon. .longeth not tothis lyf present. 1605 N
Adv. Learn. u. vii. § 5. 28 God [is] Holy in the iption
or dilatation of his workes. 1645 GauLE Cases Consc. (1646) 4,
I resolue against all such dilatations in this Epitome,
Jounson A P., Dryden Wks. 11. 428 Little more than
a dilatation of the — given it by Pope. toca
Among my Books Ser. 1. 285, 1 have spoken f Spenser's
fond for dil as resp thoughts and images.
Hence Dilata‘tional a., of or pertaining to a di-
latation.
1884 Bower & Scort De Bary's Phaner. 539 The first
dilatational bands of the external cortex. ios. Stony.
Masxetyne Crystad/ogr. i. 11 The i ges re-
sulting from variation of temperature in a crystal.
Dilatative (dailz'tativ, deilactiv), a. [f. L.
dilatat-, ppl. stem of dilatare + -1vE.] Of the nature
of or tending to dilatation.
1727-51 Cuamners Cycl. s, v. Dilatation, A new i
is im Ghoreeny the dilatative cause. 1740 Stack
in PAil. Trans. XLI. 429 Therefore the dilatative Effort of
the Layers increases with the Layers in a greater Propor-
tion than these La:
Dilatator (doi'letatitar), [a. L. dilatator, agent-
n. from dilatéa-re to Ditate, In F, dilatateur
(Cotgr. 1611), When treated as Latin, the stress
is on the third syllable.] a. Anat. A muscle which
dilates or expands a es also atirih, b. Surgery.
An instrument for dilating or distending an opening.
(Also Dizater, and less correctly DiLaTor.)
1611 Cotcr., Dilatateur, a dilatator, inlarger, widener};
extender, 1878 Beit Gegendaur's Comp. Anat. 571 In the
Reptilia these are a constrictor and a dilatator
le, 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dilata'tor, a widener.
use a term recently applied by one of its pi toa
a aaa he claims to have discovered in the physical
world,
Dilatant (doilétant, di-), a. and sé, [ad. L.
dilatant-em (or a, F, dilatant) pr. pple. of L. di/a-
tare (F. dilater) to DILATE : see -ANT.]
A. adj, Dilating, expanding; expansive.
1841 Fraser's M Rod L a6 My tnind had greatly the
advantage of my y; this being small, mean, and un-
plied to certain muscles whose office is to widen or dilate
the parts on which they act; also applied to instruments for
ing or enlarging the entrances to cavities or
“Dilatatory (dailé'titen). Surg. Also in Lat.
form -orrium. [ad. F. di/atatoire (16th c. in Hatz.-
Darm.), ad, med. or mod.L. dilatatdrium (see quot.
1731), £. L. dilatat-, ppl. stem of didata-re to dilate.]
An instrument for dilating a tes or ee
16r1 CorGr., Dilatatoire, a dilatatorie or inlarger; an
Instrument wherewith Chirurgions open those partes that by
seemly, that i lively, and dilatant. 1885 O. Rry-
rocoe Proc, Brit, ae $7 When the dilatant material,
such as shot or sand, is bounded by h surfaces, the
layer of grains adjacent to the surface is in a condition dif-
fering from that of the grains within the mass,
B. sb. a, A substance having the property of
dilating or expanding. b. A surgical instrument
used for dilating, a dilatator. ,
ick her accide} too much closed.
or ot nt, are m =
Biount Glossogr. , Puiturs Dilatatory or
Y pe Sag acm (wii ) an instru.
ment as the mouth, womb or
to open any part, as t
1823 Crass 7echn. Dict., Dilatato’'rium (Surg.), a
instrument for dilating the mouth}; also for
irons out of a wound. 1883 Syd. Soc, Lex.,
ee SS ee re ee
j
DILATE,
+ Dila‘te, v.1 Ovs. Also 4 deleate, 5 dylaie,
5-6 de-. [a. F. délater to defer, delay, temporize,
ad med.L. dilatare to defer, delay, pe off, pro-
tract, freq. of diferre to DEFER: cf, DILATORY.
The sense ‘prolong’ comes so near ‘enlarge’,
‘expand ’, or ‘set forth at length’, in Divatrz.’,
that the two verbs were probably not thought of as
distinct words.]
1. trans. To delay, defer.
1399 Pol. Poems (Rolls) Il. 14 To 3ive ous pes, which
longe hath be deleated. 1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 45 Thou
oughtest to dylate the vengeaunce tyll the furour be passed.
1485 Digby Myst. u. 497 To delate yt any lenger yt ys not
best. 1586 J. Hevwoop Spider § F. lii. 19 Without more
time delated. 1574 HELLowes Guexara’s Fam. Ep, (1577)
158 Sometimes thé sorrowful sutor doth more feele a rough
word they speake, then the iustice they dilate. 158: T.
Howe t Devzises (1879) 213 Some..with delayes the matter
will delate. 1620 SHELTON Quix. II. tv. ix. 120 Why dost
thou with these so many untoward breathings delate the
making of mine end happy?
2. To extend in time, protract, prolong, lengthen.
1489 Caxton Faytes of A. 1. vi. 103 The cas happed that
the battaylle was somwhat dylated. 1596 Bett Suv.
Popery u. uu. v. 168 These houres are sometimes dilated.
1658 Osporn A dv. Son (1673) 146 A. .way to dilate a remem-
brance beyond the banks of Forgetfulness.
Hence Dilated /#/. a., Dila‘ting vé/. sb.
1s09-10 Act 1 Hen. l’/1T, c. 4, Preamb., Delatyng of so
longe tyme. 1556 J. Hevwoop Spider & F. xxxv. 10 With-
out more delated delaie. 1657 R. Lovenay Let? (1663) 165
Your dilated resolutions of seeing London. ;
Dilate (di-, doilét), v2 Also 6-7 delate.
[a. F. dé/ate-r (Oresme, 14th c.), ad. L. dilatare to
spread out, amplify, extend, widen, f. d7-, dis- (D1s-
1) + /at-us broad, wide.]
1. ¢vans. To make wider or larger; to increase
the width of, widen; to expand, amplify, enlarge.
1528 Paynet Salerne’s Regim. Yb, Lekes delate the
matrice. 1555 Epen Decades 261 Al thynges..are dilated
by heate. 1579 Twyne Phisicke agst. Fort. u. Ep. Ded.
161 a, I might dilate this discourse with a thousand argu-
mentes. 1646 Sir T, Browne Psenud. Ef. ui. xxi. 162 It is
enforced to dilate and hold open the jawes. 1697 Porter
Antig. Greece 1. xvi. (1715) 135 The sails were contracted,
dilated, or chang’d from one side to another. 1749 SMOLLETT
Regicide w. v, While the deep groan Dilates thy lab’ring
breast? 1835-6 Topp Cyc/. Anat. 1. 403/2, Haller found
..the bladder so dilated that it was capable of containing
twenty pounds of water. 1851 Herscnet Stud. Nat. Phil.
Il. vii. 193 Heat dilates matter with an irresistible force.
. fig.
¢ 1480 tr. De Jmitatione i. liv, Dilate pin herte, & resceyue
pis holy inspiracion wib all maner desir. 1526 Piler. Perf.
(W. de W. 1531) 275 b, Holy charite .. dilateth & spredeth
the herte of man or woman. 1625 F. Marxuam Bk. Hon.
un ii. ff Another sort, who haue dilated and made excellent
their bloods, by the great happiness of their fortunate Issues
and Noble Matches or Mariages. 1 Hearne Duct.
Hist. (1714) 1. 139 The Reader may take Eachard’s Roman
History as being. .proper to dilate the Student’s knowledge
in Roman Affairs. 1871 Farrar Witn. Hist. v. 193 AS we
have _ it [Christianity] dilates our whole being.
Cc. ref.
1539 Taverner Evrasm. Prov. (1552) 60 We be therefore
warned that we dylate not our selues beyond our condition
and state, 1653 WHarton Disc. Comets Wks. (1683) 149
‘There at first appeared a small Comet, afterward it mounted
and dilated it self on high. 1715 Leont Padladio's Archit.
(1742) I. 5 Copper is. . very pliable, and dilates it self into very
thin Leaves. 1875 JowEtr Plato (ed. 2) III. 379 Will he
not dilate and el himself in the ful of vain pomp
and senseless pride?
+2. To spread abroad; to extend, diffuse, or
disperse through a wide space or region. /¢¢, and
Jig. Obs.
1430 /ustr. Ambass. in Rymer Foedera (1710) X. 725 Chris-
ten Feith and beleue had..be dilated through the World.
| Caxton's Chron. Eng. 11. 20b/1 In al this tyme the
mpyre of Rome was not dylated passynge 12 myle. 1548-77
Vicary Axat. ii. (1888) 2x This Artere..is more obedient to
be delated abrode through al the lunges. 1549 Compl. Scotl.
Epist. 1 The immortal gloir..is abundantly dilatit athort al
cuntreis, 1590 Spenser ¥¥¢Q. n. xii, 53 Bowes and braunches
which did broad dilate Their clas; ing armes. 1664 EvELYN
Sylva(1679) 4 The tree being of a kind apt to dilate its roots.
1719 J. T. Putvirrs tr. 34 Conferences 348 This Juncture..
= for dilating the Knowledge of Christ among these
ations. :
1660 R. Coxe Power § ~~ 258 The curing of this Gan-
grene so dilating it self both in Church, Court and State.
170z Ecuarp Eccl. Hist. (1710) 246 The joy of which prefer-
ment ,, dilated itself through all the Roman empire.
3. intr. (for ref) To become wider or larger ;
to spread out, widen, enlarge, expand.
ee G. Sanpys Paraphr. Ps. 107 And Naphtali, which
borders on Old Jordan, where his stream dilates. 1641
Witxins Math, Magick 11.v. (1648) 182 Shall be like the fins
of a fish to contract and dilate. Lams Eéia Ser. 1.
Praise Chimneysw., The nostrils of the young es dilated
at the savour. 1849 Miss Mutock Ogi/vies ii, Her eye
dilating and her cheek glowing. 187r B, Stewart Heat
§ 32 en a body increases in temperature it also expands
in volume or dilates. 1879 HarLan Eyesight ii. 16 The
pupil has the property of contracting and dilaticig,
b. fig. To expand itself; +to have full scope.
1651 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. u. xiii. (1739) 73 The
Duke of Gloucester was of such noble parts, thar they could
hardly dilate in any work inferior to the Government of
a Kingdom. . Rocers Ess. I. v. 260 These flimsy
objections dilate into monstrous dimensions. 1863 Drarer
Intell. Devel, Europe iii. (1865) 66 A false inference like this
soon dilated into a general doctrine,
Vou, IIT,
861
+4. trans. To relate, describe, or set forth at
length ; to enlarge or expatiate upon. Ods.
1393 Gower Conf. III. 190 It nedeth nought that I dilate
The pris which preised is algate. c 1460 Carcrave Chron. 1
It plesed me. .to gaderaschort remembrance of elde stories,
that whanne I loke upon hem. .I can sone dilate the circum-
staunses. @1533 Fritu Disput. Purgat. Prol. (1829) 94
Rastell hath enterprised to dilate this matter, and hath
divided it into three Dialogues. 1632 Lirucow 7'rav. viii.
346 Having met with some of their Brethren .. and delated
to them their deathes. c1790 Cowrer Comm, Milton's PL.
1, 1024-33 It is..a common thing with poets to touch
slightly beforehand, a subject which they mean to dilate in
the sequel. 1801 Gouv. Morris in Sparks Life & Writ.
(1832) III. 150, I dare give only hints ; it would be presump-
tuous to dilate them.
5. intr. To discourse or write at large ; to en-
large, expatiate. Const. + of (obs.), 07, upon.
1560 WuiTEHORNE Arte Warre (1588) 105, I might haue
delated more vpon the seruice on horsebacke, and after haue
reasoned of the warre on the Sea. 1592 NasHe P. Penilesse
(ed. 2) 13a, Experience reproues me for a foole, for delating
on so manifest a case. 1609 W. M. Aan in Moone (1849) 25,
I could amply delate of thy sinne, but I know it needlesse.
1689-92 Locke Voleration i. vii. Wks. 1727 II. 379 ‘The
terrible Consequences you dilate on .. I leave you for your
private use. 1697 Cottier “ss. Alor. Subj. 1. (1709) 238
Were it not too sad an Argument to dilate upon. —_1786 ‘I’.
Jerrerson Writ, (1859) IL. 33 You were dilating with your
new acquaintances. 1820 Lamp ///a Ser. 1. South-sea //o.,
How would he dilate into secret history. 1838 Dickens
Nich, Nick. xxvi, She proceeded to dilate upon the perfec-
tions of Miss Nickleby. 1861 F, Hau in Yond. Asia’.
Soc. Bengal 146 But it is needless to dilate. 1874 Stuns
Const. Hist. (1875) U1. xviii. 122 The chancellor. .dilated at
length on the perjuries of Duke Philip.
+b. ref. To express oneself at length or dif-
fusely. Obs. rare.
1644 Dicey Nat. Bodies u. (1645) 9 Concerning which wee
shall not need to dilate our selves any further, 1655 FULLER
Ch, Hist. w. i. § 6 In process of time, Wicliffe might delate
himself in supplemental and additional Opinions. a@ 1672
Woop Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) 1. 161 Dr. Richard Gardiner...
dilating himself on Christ’s miracle of turning water into wine.
Dilate (doilé-t), @. arch. Also 7 delate. [In
form, ad. L. dilat-ws carried in different ways,
spread abroad, dispersed, published, pa. pple. of
differre; but in sense, answering to L. dzlitat-us,
widened, expanded, and so perh. short for dilated. ]
= Ditatep, widely extended or expanded.
ch Ripetey Comp. Alch. x1. in Ashm, (1652) 182 With
mykyll more Lycour dylate. 1603 B. Jonson Se/avzs 1. ii,
Instructed With so dilate and absolute a power. 1614 W. B.
Philosopher's Banguet (ed. 2) 12 A minde s6 delate and
ample. 1677 Hace Prim. Orig. Man. i. vii. 187 The Seas
possibly more dilate and extended. 1803 W. ‘Taytor in Anz.
Rev. I. 301 Who narrates with dilate diffusion. 1883 Fenn
Eli's Childr, U1. 1, ii. 180 Her dilate and frightened eyes
softened with tears.
+ Dila'te, 5. Ods. rare. [f. Dinare v.27] =
DILATATION 3.
1595 Marknam Sir 2. Grinvile (Arb.) 58 Thanks hardie
Midleton for thy dilate.
Dilate, obs. form of DELATE, DELErrE.
Dilated (dailz ted), ppl. a. [f. Dinare v2 +
-ED!,]_ Widened, expanded, distended, diffused,
etc.: see the verb.
¢ 1450 tr. De /mitatione 1. lvi, Pat pou wip a dilated herte
mowe renne be way of my commandementes. 1 SHaks.
Tr. §& Cr. i iii, 261 A shore confines Thy spacious and
dilated parts. 1651 STanLey Poems 29 In an elms dilated
shade. 1667 Mitton P. L. tv. 986 Satan allarm'd Collect-
ing all his might dilated stood. 1758 J.S. Le Dran’s Observ.
Surg. (1771) 264 The dilated Urethra was very thin. 1859
‘Tennyson Enid 1445 Then there flutter’d in, Half-bold,
half-frighted, with dilated eyes, A tribe of women. 1865
Kuincstey //evew. x. (1866) 157 His dilated nostril.
+b. Enlarged upon. Oés.
Jas. I Baowd. Awpor (1682) 74 Exercise true wisdome ;
in discerning wisely betwixt true and false reports ; first ..
and last [considering] the nature and by-past life of the
dilated person.
te. Cryst. (See quot.) Ods.
1805-17 R. Jameson Char. Min. 215 Dilated, the name
given to a variety of dodecahedral calcareous spar, in which
the bases of the extreme pentagons are in some degree
enlarged by the inclination of the lateral planes.
Her. ‘Opened or extended. Applied to a
Pair of Compasses, Barnacles, etc.’ Cussans, 1882.
Hence Dila‘tedly adv., in a dilated manner, with
dilatation ; diffusely.
1627 Fettuam Xesolves xxi. (ed. 1) 64 His .. aberrations,
wherein he hath dilatedly tumbled himselfe.
+ Dila‘tement. Os. rare. [i. Divate v.2 +
-MENT.] A dilating ; a dilated or diffuse passage.
1593 Nasue Christ's T. (1613) 86 Euen in this dilatement
against Ambition, the diuel seekes to set in a foote of affected
applause. ; :
Dilater (doailz-ter1). [f. Dinars v.2 + -ER1,
Now mostly supplanted by the less correctly formed
Dizaror !.] One who or that which dilates.
1605 SHELTON Commend. Verses in Verstegan Dec. /nteli.,
Thy labours shew thy will to dignifie The first dilaters of
thy famous Nation. 1640 Be. Hatt Chr. Moder. (ed. Ward)
38/1 Away, then, ye cruel torturers of opinions, dilaters of
errors, delators of your brethren. :
b. spec. A surgical instrument used to dilate a
part; =Diraror sé.! a.
1634 T. Jonson Parey’s Chirurg. ae dilater made for
to open the mouth and teeth. 1668 R. L’Estrance Vis,
ev, (1708) 28 In the tail of these, came the Surgeons,
len with Pincers. .Dilaters, Scissers, 1706 Pxittirs (ed.
DILATOMETER.
Kersey), Dilatatory, or Dilater, a Surgeon's dilating In-
strument, hollow on the inside, to draw barbed Iron, &c. out
of a Wound : Also an Instrument with which the Mouth of
the Womb may be dilated. 1721-1800 Baitry, Délater.
e. Anat. A muscle which dilates or expands a
part ; =Dinararor a, DiLator sé.1 b.
1683 Snare Anat. Horse iv. xiv.(1686) 171 Of the Dilaters
or those that widen the Chest there are four pair.
Dilater, obs. form of DELaTor, accuser.
Dilating (doilétin), v7. sd. [f. Dinate v.2 +
-ING1,]_ The action of the verb Dinas, in various
senses ; enlargement, expansion,
1529 More Com/. agst. Trib. 11. Wks. 1213/2 Among other
[tokens] the comyng in of the Jewes, and y® dilating of
christendome againe, 1532 — Confut. Tindale ibid. 648 2
For now in dylating and declaring of hys conclusion, he
addeth one thinge. 1586 J. Hooker Girvadd. Jed. in //odin-
shed 11, 36/1 Doo grant that you for the dilating of Gods
church .. doo enter to possesse that land. 1657 J. Sauru
Alyst. Rhet, 114 Paradiastole is a dilating or enlarging of
a matter by interpretation. 1703 MaunpRELL Journ. Ferus.
(1732) 12 Where the waters ty dilating were become shal-
lower. 1791 Map. D’Arsiay Diary Sept., A few memoran-
dums for my own dilating upon at our meeting.
Dila‘ting, 7//. a. [f. Dinate v2 + -1NG 2.]
That dilates or expands: see the verb.
1581 ‘I. Howe i Denjses (1879) 192 In my delating brains,
a thousand thoughts were fed. 1593 7Ze¢d/-7'7oth's N.Y.
Gift 4 With such a dilatinge narration. 1644 Dicpy Va‘.
Bodies 1. (1645) 290 To fill those capacities which the dilating
heat hath made. 1805 Soutney J/adoc in MH’. iv, Vhrough
the broken cloud, Appeared the bright dilating blue of
heaven. 1854 BapHaMm //adieut. 248 A dilating crest which
grows red at the nuptial season.
Hence Dila‘tingly adv.
1891 G. MerepitH One of our Cong. II. vi. 150 The colonel
eyed Mrs. Blathenoy dilatingly.
+ Dila‘tion !. Qds. Also 5-6 de-, dy-. [a.
OF. dilacion (13th c.in Hatz-Darm.), mod. F. a7/a-
from differre, dilat- to defer, delay, put off: ef. Di-
LATE v1] Delay, procrastination, postponement.
14.. Lypac. 7Zemple ef Glas 877 Bebe not astoneid of no
wilfulnes, Ne nou3t dispeired of pis dilacioun. 1430 -- Chron.
7 voy ut. xxv, Without abode or longe delacyon. fr 1N2
xxxlv, I wyll nowe make no dylacyon. 1552 Latimer Serv.
Lora’s Pray. iv. 31 Vhe Angels .. whiche doe the will and
pleasure of God without dilation. 1585 Parsons Cho. Eavverc.
ll. v. 350 So the matter by delation came to no effect. 1627
Br. Hau Heaven upon Earth § 5 Some desperate debters,
whom, after long dilations of payments .. we altogether let
goe for disability. 1665 J. Webs Stone-//eng (1725) 160 The
Dilation that attended the ultimate Appeal.
Dilation < doilé-fan, di-.. [Improperly f. Di-
LATE v.2, which does not contain the verbal suffix
-ate, but a stem -/afe from L. /@t-us broad, so that
the etymologically correct formation is @/atatior.
(Cf. coercion, dispution Sor disputation, etc.).]
1. =DILararion 1.
1598 Forio, Dilationc, a dilation, enlarging or ouerspread-
ing. (But 1611 corrects to Dilatatione a dilating, Dilatione
adelaying.] 1603 HoLtanp P/utarch's Mor.76 Vhe dilations
of the arteries. 1615 CrookE Body ef Man 641 The dilation
is the cause of deepe and base voyces. 1796 SournEy Le¢t.
Jr. Spain (1799) 125 The beauty of its dilation and contrac-
tion. 1847 TENNYSON Price. v1. 172 At first her eye with
slow dilation roll’d Dry flame. 1870 RoLtEston Anime. Life
27 Transverse dilation of the thorax.
Jig. 1647 H. Morr Poems 293 The soul .. a sure fixation
And centrall depth it hath, and free dilation. 1787 J. Frere
in Microcosm No. 25 8 The mind perceives a sensible
dilation of its faculties. 1823 Lamp /dva Ser. 11. Child
Angel, Those natural dilations of the youthful spirit.
= DILATATION 2. Ods.
@ 1631 Donne in Spurgeon 77¢as. Dav. Ps. xc. 14 A prayer
not only of appropriation to ourselves .. but of a charitable
dilation and extension to others.
= DILATATION 3.
1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. vii. § 6. 28 In the description
or dilation of his works. _ 1623 Cockeram 1, A Speaking at
large, Dilation. 1774 Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry III.
xxxix. 377 By needless dilations, and the affectations of cir-
cumlocution. 1851 AGN. SrricKLAND Queens Scot. II. 193
Frivolous terms and dilations cut away.
Dilation 3, obs. var. of DELATION, accusation.
Dilative (doilZtiv), a. [f. Dinate v.2 + -1vE.]
1. Having the property of dilating or expanding
(trans, and intr.) = DILATATIVE.
~ 1634 T. Jounson Parey’s Chirurg. ui. i. (1678) 52 The Vital
[faculty] is divided into the dilative and contractive faculty
of the heart and arteries. 1671 Grew Anat. Plans 1. il. § 4
A Body Porous, Dilative and Pliable. 1808 CoteripGe Lit.
Rem. (1836) II. 408 The..astringent power, comparatively
uncounteracted by the dilative. /d7d. 411 The dilative force.
+ 2. Serving to diffuse (the food). Ods.
1528 Paynet Salerne's Regim. P, Drinkynge delatiue is
moste conuenient after the fyrst digestion regularlye. 1589
Cocan Haven Health ccxv. (1636) 233 If any of these three
uses of drinke be omitted, the drinke delative may be best
spared. 1620 VenNER Via Recta (1650) 275 This drinking
of Wine or Beer between meales..may well be termed both
dilutive and dilative. 1634 H. R. Saderne’s Regim. go Re-
gularly, conuenient drinke dilatiue, or permixtiue, ought to
be Wine, Ale, Beere, Perry, or such like.
Dilatometer (deilétymétar). [f. Diare v.2
+-(0)METER.] An instrument for determining the
dilatation or expansion of a liquid by heat. Hence
Dilatome'tric a., relating to a dilatometer.
1882 Nature No. 639. 290 The numerous determinations of
the expansion of water by heat. .Experimenters. .have wu:
two methods—the hydrostatic and the dilatometric. 1883
Syd. Soc. Lex., Alcoholic dilatometer, an instrument in-
46*
DILATOR.
vented by Silvermann to determine the quantity of alcohol
ina liquid, founded on the principle that water in passin;
from 0° C. to 100°C, .. expands -0466 of its volume, n= |
alcohol..-1252.
Dilator (dailz-taz), sd... [f. Divate v.2: an
irregular formation, the regular types being D1-
LATER from Eng. dé/ate, and DiaTaTor from L.
dilatare.| One who or that which dilates: sfec.
a. Surg. An instrument used to dilate or distend
an opening, passage, or organ; = DILATATOR b,
DILaTeEr b.
[1634-1706 : see DicaTer b.] 1688 R. Horme Armoury mm.
420, Dilator is an Instrument to open or stretch out a
thing to its breadth. 1830 S. Cooper Dict, Pract. Surg.
(ed. 6) s.v. Urethra, With respect to dilators, as they are
called .. their use is far from being much approved by the
best modern surgeons. 1864 T. Hotes Syst. Surg. (1870)
IV. 963 The stricture being now fairly split, the dilator
should be rotated.
b. Anat. A muscle or nerve which dilates or
widens a part; =DiLaTaToR a, DILATER c. Also
attrib,
[1683 : see Ditaterc.] @ 1735 ArsuTHNoT(J.), The dilators
of the nose are too strong in cholerick people. 1807 Med.
Frnl. XVII. 407 The radiating (or dilator) muscle of the
Iris. 1844 J. G.WiLkinson Swedenborg’s Anim. Kingd. U1.
i. 3 The muscles of the nose are three pair; two pair of
dilator, and one pair of constrictors. 1878 Foster Phys. 1.
i, § 2. 210 It acts energetically as a dilator-nerve.
+ Dilator, -our, a.andsé.2 Sc. Obs. Forms:
5-8 dilatour, 6 delatour, 8 dilator, delator.
[a. F. dilatoire adj. ‘dilatory’, formerly also sb.
‘delay’, ad. L. dilatori-us, dilatori-um, dilatory,
delaying, f. -d7/at- ppl. stem of differre: see
Derer v.!, DinaTe v.! For the form of the word
cf. declarator.)}
A. adj, (Sc. Law.) Diwatory ; delaying, causing
delay.
1503 Sc. Acts Fas. BSG 4) § 65 There salbe na exception
dilatour admitted against that summounds. /é7d. § 95 Vpon
dilatour or peremptour exception. 1609 Skene Keg. May.
104 Gif the partie defendand will not vse any exception or
defence dilatour. 1752 J. Loutnian Form of Process (ed. 2)
267 All his Defences, both dilator and peremptor, which the
Sheriff shall either advise in Court, or allow [etc.].
B. sb. (Sc. Law.) A delay; a cause of delay, a
dilatory plea; =DiLarTory sé.
1473 Treaty w. Scotl. in Rymer Foedera (1710) XI. 789
Withoutyn any dilatour or delais. 1583 Sempitt Leg. bp.
Andrews Life 194 Ballates rer) 205 Bot Doctor Patrick
still replyed, With trickis and delatouris he denyed. 1717
Woprow Corr. (1843) I. 328, I scarce mention the unac-
countable dilatours of settling vacancies. 1718 /bid. II. 381
This was reckoned a delator, and opposed. 1752 J. LourHian
Form of Process (ed. 2) 97 All these Objections, properly
called Dilators, must be first proponed, 1888 Ramsay Scof/.
in 18th C. 1. ii. 41 He is said to have excelled in what was
called proponing dilators.
Dilator, obs. form of DELATOR, accuser.
Dilatorily (dilatarili),ad¢v. [f. Diwarory a.)
+-LY2.] Ina dilatory manner; delayingly.
1700 TyrreELt //ist. Eng. 11. 873 The Prelates answered him
dilatorily. 1781 Jounson in Boswell Life (1848) 665/1, I wrote
in my usual way, dilatorily and hastily, unwilling to work,
and working with vigour and haste. Lowe. Left,
1. 167, I remain very sincerely (and dilatorily) Your friend.
Dilatoriness (di‘laterinés). Forms: see Dr-
LAtorY. [f. next+-NESS.] The quality of being
dilatory ; tendency to procrastination or delay.
1642 in Rushw. ///st. Col/. 111. (1692) 1. 610 Lest his Majesty
should think it a delatoriness in the Parliament to return an
Answer. 1667 WaterHouse Five Lond. 95 The sluggards
dilatoriness is upon men ; and they will sit still a little longer.
1718 /ree-thinker No. 56. 4 The Holy See proceeded with
its usual dilatoriness in that Affair. 1825 Scotr ¥rn/, 7 Dec.,
Letters. .lying on my desk like snakes, hissing at me for my
dilatoriness. 1861 M. Pattison ss. (1889) I. 38 His delay
in setting out was due to pure procrastination and dilatori-
ness.
Dila (di'latari), a.l and sé. Forms: 6-7
dilatorie, 7- dilatory, (8 ervon. dilitary). Also
6-7 delatorie, (6 delaterye, deletary), 7 de-
latory. [ad. L. dilatori-us, f. dilator-em a dclayer,
agent-n. from differre, dilat- to Drrsr, delay : see
Dinate v.l Cf. F. dilatoire (13th c. in Hatz.-
Darm.).] A. ad).
1. Tending to cause delay ; made for the purpose
of gaining time or deferring decision or action,
1581 Lamparpe Eiren. iv. xxi, (1588) 622 It was very Dila-
torie for the Justices of Peace, to take those Wages, at the
handes of the Shirife. 1592 Nasne P. Penilesse (ed. 2) 9a,
For his delaterye excuse, 1613 Suaxs. //en, V///, 11. iv. 237,
I abhorre This dilatory sloth and trickes of Rome. py
Futter CA. //ist, vin. ii. § 46 Dilatory letters excusing them-
selves from coming thither. 1671 SHapweLL A umourists v.
Wks. 1720 I, 202, I will .. make no hesitation or dilatory
scruple. 1751 Jonson Ramdler No. 178? 4 4 ged deliber-
ation and dilatory projects they may both be lost. 1860
Morttey Nether?. (1868) I. iii. 80 The policy of England
inued to be exp and dilatory.
b. Law. Dilatory plea, a plea put in for the sake
of delay. Dilatory exception: see EXcEPTion sd.
42, Dilatory defence (in Sc. Law): see quot.
[xag2 Brirron nt. xvii. § 1 Par excepciouns dilatories.]
1838 Act 27 Hen. VIII, c 14 $5 None essoin .. or other
jatorie ple for the defendant shall be admitted. 1611 Rich
Honest, Age (1844) 21 They. .do seeke for nothing more then
to checke the course of iustice by their delatory pleas. yo
Hickes in Ellis Orig. Lett, Ser. u.1V. 49 At last all the di-
362 :
latory exceptions led
and ter wltcmensancengin i gescenea ant anes
Pilatosy pines. ses sash as tend merely to delay or put off
h x MutrHeap Gaius tv. § 120 Those [Ex-
ceptions] are dilatory that are available only for a time, such
as that of an agreement not to sue say for five years.
2. Given to or characterized by delay; slow,
tardy. a. Of persons, their characters, habits, etc.
1604 Suaks. Oth. u1. iii. 379 Wit depends on dilatory time.
171 Appison Sect. No. 89 P x Women of dilatory Tempers,
who are for spinning out the Time of Courtship. 1742
Youne N. 7h, i. 413 Poor dilatory man. 1781 Cowper
Lett. 25 Aug., The most dilatory of all people. 1838 THirt-
watt Greece III. xix. 106 They are as prompt, as you are
dilatory, 1884 Par Austace 38 You shall have no longer
cause to think me dilatory.
b. Of actions.
1648 Boyte Seraph. Love xii. (1700) 64 Being press'd to
ive an account of such a Dilatory way of proceeding. 1751
5 pre Rambler No. 144 ? 11 "Bat between dilatory pay-
ment and bankruptcy there is a great distance. 1843
Prescotr Mexico v1. v. (1864) Cortez was not content
to wait patiently the effects of a dilatory blockade. 1879
Froupe Caesay xxii. 386 His political advisers were im-
patient of these dilatory movements.
B. sb. Law. A means of procuring delay; a
dilatory plea ; see A. 1b.
1563-87 Foxe A. & M. (1684) II. 22 Shifting off the matter
by subtil dilatories and frivolous cavilling about the law.
1585 App. Sanpys Serm. (1841) 226 Delatories and shiftings
off wear out many a just cause, and beggar many a r
man. 1681 7rial of S. Colledge 16 You ought not to have
helps to plead dilatories. a 174 Nortu Lives (1826) I. 302
Criminals of that sort. .should defend upon plain truth,which
they know best, without any dilatories, arts or evasions.
1848 Wuarton Law Lex. s.v. Dilatory Pleas, No man
shall be permitted to plead two dilatories at separate
times.
+ Dila‘tory, a.2 Ods. rare. [A bad formation
for dilatatory, f. DiLaTE v.] Used for dilating,
dilative.
1691 Mutiineux in PAil, Trans. XVII. 822 The Chyrur-
gion. .inserted his Dilatory Instrument.
|| Di-‘lature. Sc. Obs. [A variant of dilatour,
DILaTor *, assimilated in spelling to L. di/atira,
delaying, delay, f. d7/a¢- ppl. stem of L. differre:
see DinaTE v.!] =DILatory sé,
1 Lynpesay Monarche 5766 Throw Delaturis [v. 7. de-
latouris] full of dissait, wthilie mony one gart beg thare mait.
1714 Let. in Lockhart Papers 1. 439 The Court tricked them
with dilatures till the .. opportunity was past.
ilavy, var. of DELAvy a. Obs.
Dilay(e, obs. form of DELay.
Dilce, Sc. form of DuLsE.
+ Dildo!. Ods. Also dildoe. A word of ob-
scure origin, used in the refrains of ballads.
Also, a name of the penis or phallus, or a figure thereof ;
the lingam of Hindoo worship ; formerly, also, a contemp-
tuous or reviling appellation of a man or lad; and app.
applied to a cylindrical or ‘sausage’ curl.
1610 B. Jonson A/cA. v. iii, Here I find..The seeling fill’d
with sies of the candle: And Madame, with a Dildo,
writ o’ the walls. 1611 Suaxs. Wint. 7. 1v. iv. 195 He has
the prettiest Loue-songs for Maids .. with cach delicate
borthens of Dildo’s and Fadings. a 1627 MippLeton Chaste
Maid 1. ii, What, has he got a singing in his head now?
Now's out of work he falls to making dildoes, 1638 Forp
Fancies wv. i, This page a milk-livered dildoe, 1647 Pari.
Ladies 12 The very sight of this Madam with a Dildoe ..
put the House into a great silence. c 1650 Xoxd, Ball. 11.
55 She prov'd herself a Duke's daughter, and he but a
Gr ire's son. Sing trang dildo lee. 1656 S. Hottanp Zara
(1719) 41 That Gods may view, With a dildo-doe, What
we bake, and what we brew. 1659 Torriano, Bacillo ..
a simple gull, a shallow pate, also a dill-doe, or pillie-
cock. 1661 R. W. Conf. Charac. To Rdr. (1860) 7 O thou
faint-hearted dildo. 1688 R. Hotme Armoury u. 463/2
A Campaign Wig hath Knots or Bobs (or a Dildo on each
side) with a curled Forehead. 1698 Fryer Acc. £. /ndia
179 Under the Banyan ‘Tree, an Altar with a Dildo in the
middle being erected, they offer Rice.
b. Comb. dildo-glass, a cylindrical glass; ?a
test-tube.
c16a5 Firetcner Vice Valour im. i, Whoever lives to see me
Dead, gentlemen, shall find me all mummy, Good to fill
galipots, and long dildo-glasses.
+ Dildo 2. Ods. i, the same word as prec.,
from its cylindrical form like a ‘ dildo-glass’.] A
tree or shrub of the genus Cereus (N.O. Cac-
tacew). Also Dildo-tree, Dildo-bush, Dildo Pea
Tree. .
1696 Phil. Trans, X1X. The Dildoe-tree is the same
with the Cereus or Torch-Plant. _ Dampier Voy. 1. 81
Barren Islands without any Tree, only some Dildo-bushes
growing on them, /éid. 101 The Dildoe-tree is a green
prickly shrub, that grows about ro or 12 foot high, without
either _ or ~~ od GL asa me Leg, from the
root to the top, and it is fu Sarpy c wing in
thick rows, tye W. Kine 7ransactioneer ihe Toddy-
Tree, the Sower-Sop, the Bonavists, and the Dildoe. 1756
P. Browne Nat. Hist. Yamaica (1789) 238 The larger erect
Indian Fig, or Dildo Pear Tree.
+ Dile‘ct, pf/.a. Obs. rare, [ad. L. dilect-us
‘beloved ’, pa. pple. of diligére to esteem highly,
to love (see Dapreen?).) Beloved.
1s2x J. T. in Bradshaw S?. Werburge Prol. ii, A virgin
resplendent Dilect of our lorde.
Dilectacion, obs. form of Detxzcrarion.
DILEMMA.
+ Dilection (dile*kfon). Oss. Also 5-6 dy-,
6 de-. {. F. dilection (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.),
ad. L. dilection-em love (of God, etc.) (Tertullian,
Vulgate), n. of action from déligére to select to
oneself from others, to esteem highly, hold dear,
love ; f. di-, dis- (Dis- 1) + legéve to gather, cull,
choose. ]
1. Love, affection: almost always, spiritual or
Christian love, or the love of God to man or of
man to God; cf. CHarity 1,
1388 Wycuir Rev. Prol., Ion, the apostil and euangelist of
oure Lord Thesu Crist, chosen’ and loued, paphipiany mabey
dileccioun is had. @1420 Hoccteve De Reg. Princ. 851
Frenship, adieu ; farewele, dileccioun. Digby Myst.
1. 1323 His br ied .. to hym had Fr webech cr
Wyse 7 mp. Adrian on 15 They were y-
leccion all of one hart and of one wyll. 1623 Favine Theat.
Hon, 1x. vi. 399 In token of love and Brotherly dilection.
683 E. Hooker Pref. Ep. Pordage’s Mystic Div. 56 This
dilection, love, charitie towards God, and towards His
Image, man.
2. The action of choosing, choice (of that on
which one’s desire or affection is set) ; esp. in Theol.
= ELECTION 3.
¢ 1450 Henryson Mor. Fab. 62 And when the saul Giues
consent vnto delection, The wicked thought beginnes for to
breird In deadly sinne. 1633 T. Apams £.xf. 2 Peter ii. 12
We are adjured by our election, selection, dilection, to be
merciful. 1656 Jeanes 'udn. Christ 51 Christ is the only be-
gotten son of God, not by dilection, but by eternall generation.
“| 3. Used by Carlyle to render Ger. /éebden as a
title of honour.
1864 CartyLe Fredk. Gt. (1865) IV. x1. v. 81 These things
r Dilection, as Kurfiirst of Branden-
= II. xvi. iv. (1873) 37 [I] apprise your
dilection, though under deepest secrecy.
Dilemma (dile‘ma, dai-), sb. Also B. 6-7
(after French) dilemme (dylem). fa. L. dz-
lemma, a, Gr. diAnupa double proposition, f. d:-,
twice (D1-2) + Aja assumption, premiss : see
Lemma.]
1. In Xhetoric. A form of argument involving an
adversary in the choice of two (or, /oosely, more)
alternatives, either of which is (or appears) equally
unfavourable to him. (The alternatives are com-
monly spoken of as the ‘horns’ of the dilemma.)
Hence in Logic, A hypothetical syllogism having
a conjunctive or ‘ conditional’ major premiss and
a disjunctiye minor (or, one premiss conjunctive
and the other disjunctive).
Very different views have been taken by different logicians
as to what syllogisms are properly dilemmas ; several of the
arguments commonly so called being considered by some
writers to be only ordinary conj| ive syllogi construc-
tive or destructive. See Fow.er, Deductive Logic, v. § 4.
1523 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 36 y are...
excommunicated .. wt" a dilemma made concerninge the ..
Mayor’s..perplexitie. 1551 T. WiLson Logike (1580) 34 b,
Dilemma, kere bgpe ie a horned argument, is when the
ot rey
reason cc pug s, so that what so
ever you graunt, you fall into the snare. 1622 Bacon
Hen. V11, Wks. (Bohn) 377 A dilemma, that bishop Morton
..used, to raise up the benevolence to higher rates; and
some called it his fork, and some his crotch. . .‘ That if they
met with any that were sparing, they should tell them, that
they must needs have, because they laid up: and if they
were spenders, they must needs have, because it was seen in
their port and manner of living’. Cumiinew. Relig.
Prot. 1. ii. § 154 Thus haue we cast your dilemma, and
broken both the hornes of it. 1677 Gate Crt. Gentiles 11.
iv. Proem rr A Dil is an arg ion from two
members, w are ded with i ditie.
1725 Warts Logic 1. ii. § 6 A Dilemma becomes faulty or
ineffectual..when it may be retorted with equal force upon
him who utters it. 1837-8 Sir W. Hamitton jc xviii.
(1866) 1, 351 An hypothetico-disjunctive vom is called
the dilemma or horned syllogism. /6/d. 352 If the pa res
tion. .has only two members, the syllogism is then a
dilemma in the strict and proper ification. If, .three..
mem! it is called trilemma, etc. 1842 Apr. THomson
Laws Th. § 109 Cee &, The Dilemma is a complex argu-
ment, partaking bot! of the conditional and disjunctive.
1887 Fower Deductive ic 121 In disputation, the adver-
sary who is refuted by a di is said to be ‘fixed on
the horns of a dilemma’; he is said to rebut the dilemma,
if he meet it by another with an opposite conclusion. /éfd.
122 It seems arbi and more systematic to define
dilemma as ‘a syllogism of which one premiss is a conjune-
tive and the other a disjunctive proposition *. J
B. 1587 A. Freminc Cont. Holinshed. 111. 1307/2 This
oe heard all these excu: this dilemme.
1616 Lane Sg. hee va 121, I see his saftie and thine
maie not bee, as Dylems or Contraries agree.
2. Hence, in popular use: A choice between two
(or, Joosely, several) alternatives, which are or ap-
pear equally unfavourable ; a position of doubt or
perplexity, a ‘fix’.
1s90 Greene Newer too late one 19 Every motion was
intangled with a dilemma;.. the loue of Francesco gaue
such fierce assaults to the bulwarke of her affection .. the
feare of her Fathers displeasure .. draue her to meditate
thus. 1598 Suaks. Merry W’. 1. v. 87 In perplexity, and
doubtful dilemma. Fourier Ch. Hist. w. 1. § 53 He is
reduced to this doleful dilemma ; either untarily, by re-
igning, to d ;.or ay, by derwesion,
deposed by others. 1796 Morse Amer. con 1. agp
hliged “either to kill the father meas :
obli: either to ki or give up t a
ee Emerson Ess., Experienci ¢ Wks. ‘tbohn) 1, #89 Tn
the dhemmaafia i ig d ing men, who all
catch at him, 1888 Bryce Amer. Commu. 11. liii. 332 They
DILEMMA.
were .. in the dilemma of either violating the Constitution
or losing a golden opportunity.
3. Comb, as dilemma-making.
1895 IVestm. Gaz. 16 Apr. 3/3 Dilemma-making is at best
a somewhat puerile. .form o dialectic.
Dilemma, v. rave. [f. prec. sb.]
1. trans, To place in a dilemma; fa. pple. =in
a dilemma or ‘fix’.
1656 S. H. Gold. Law 44 Both sides are Dilemma’d, and
stand postur’d like Lots wife. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India & P.
325 Now we were dilemma'd, not knowing what to wish.
21849 Por Marginalia Wks. 1864 III. 485 Like a novel-
hero dilemma’d, I made up my mind to be guided by circum-
stances. : :
+2. zntr. To be in a dilemma ; to hesitate or be
in doubt between two alternatives. Ods. rare.
1687 R. L’Estrance Answ. Diss. 39 He runs away with
the Fact, for Granted; Dilemma’s upon it, and so leaves
the Matter. Be: f
Dilemmatic (di-, doileme'tik), a. [f. Gr.
SiAnpuar- stem of 5iAnupa (see prec.) + -1c.] Of
the nature of, or relating to, a dilemma.
1837-8 Sir W. Hamitton Logic xiii, (1860) I, 241 Dilem-
matic judgments are those in which a condition is found,
both in the subject and in the predicate. /dzd. xv. (1860) I.
291 The Hypothetico-disjunctive or Dil ic Syllogism.
1867 Atwater Elem. Logic 95 Dilemmatic Judgements
involve a combination of the conditional and disjunctive.
1870 Jevons Elem. Logic xix. 168 Dilemmatic arguments
are..more often fallacious than not. 1891 WeLton M/anual
Logic w. v. 447 The peculiar feature of a dilemmatic argu-
ment is the choice of alternatives which it thus offers.
+ Dilemmartical, z. Ods. [f.as prec. +-aL.]
=prec. Hence Dilemma‘tically adv.
1659 Baxter Key Cath, xlv. 316 The Jesuites .. went Di-
lemmatically to work, thinking to make sure which way ever
things went, to effect their ends. 1661 K. W. Conf Charac.
Good-old cause (1860) 60 And bring upon us a dilemmaticall
confusion. 1677 Gitrin Dewonol. (1867) 342 ‘These were
perplexing, entangling temptations. They were dilemmat-
ical, such as might ensnare, either in the doing or refusal.
Dile‘mmist. are. [f. Dinemma + -1st.] One
who bases his position upon a dilemma; used as
the name of a Buddhist school of philosophy.
1858 AZppleton’s Amer. Cycl. IV. 70/2 [The philosophic
school] of the Vaibhashikas, or dilemmists, who maintain the
necessity of immediate contact with the object to be known.
+ Dile-riate, a. Obs. vare. [Erron. for delirate,
ad. L. déliratus, or for deliriate.] = DELIRIOUS.
1689 MoyLe Sea Chyrurg. i. xi. 117 Before the Feaver
comes to its height, usually men are dileriate.
Dilettant (di-léta:nt), @. and sé, [A partially
Anglicized adaptation of next: cf. F. dilettante ;
also adjutant, confidant, etc.] =next.
1851 CaRLyLe Sterling u. vii. (1872) 160 Sterling returned
from Italy filled with. . great store of artistic, serious, dilettant
and eg speculation for the time.
» Sb,
1875 Hamerton /xfed/. Life 1. v. 100 If the essence of di-
lettantism is to be contented with imperfect attainment, I fear
that all educated people must be considered dilettants.
1888 Eng. [llustr. Mag. Jan. 316 Teach by salutary smarts,
These dilettants to ee a That Learning is the first of
Arts, 189 F. M. Witson Prim. on Browning 34 Browning
draws a sharp line between the dilettant and the artist.
|| Dilettante (dilétenti, It. dzlet;tante). PI.
dilettanti (-tz), rarely -es. [It. dilettante ‘a
lover of music or painting’, f. dé/ettare :—L. dé-
lectare to delight: see DrLxcr, etc. So mod.F.
dilettante, 1878 in Dict. Acad.]
1. A lover of the fine arts; originally, one who
cultivates them for the love of them rather than
professionally, and so = amateur as opposed to pro-
fesstonal; but in later use generally applied more
or less depreciatively to one who interests himself
in an art or science merely as a pastime and with-
out serious aim or meee: (fa mere dilettante’).
1733-4 [‘ The Society of Dilettanti’ was founded]. 1748
Cuesterr, Ze/#. u. xl, You are likely to hear of it as
a virtuoso ; and if so, I should be glad to profit of it, as an
humble dillettante. 1769 (¢it/e), Ionian Antiquities, By
the Society of Dilettanti. 1770 Foote Lame Lover 1, 1,
Frederick is a bit of Macaroni and adores the soft Italian
termination in @, .. Yes, a delitanti all over. 1775 Map.
D’Arstay Diary 21 Nov., A female dilettante of ona
fame and reputation ..as a singer. 1789 Burney Hist.
Mus, U1. ii. 16x Personages whose [musical] talents are
celebrated whether they are regarded as professors or
Diletanti. 180x W. Tay or in ‘Gonthly Mag. XII. 576
Religious dilettanti, of every sex and age, reinforce the
industry of the regular priesthood. 1802 Edix. Rev. I. 165
Dilettanti who have pushed themselves into high places in
the scientific world. 1826 B’ness Bunsen in Hare Lif II.
vii. 265 It would be difficult to find a dilettante who under-
stood the art of managing it [a parlour organ]. 1831 CaktyLe
Sart. Res. 1.x, Thou hitherto art a Dilettante and sandblind
Pedant. 1840 Macautay Ess., Clive (1854) 534/2 The Dilet-
tante sneered at their want of taste. The Maccaroni black-
balled them as vulgar fellows. 1879 Froupr Cesar ii. 17 [The
Romans] cared for art as dilettanti; but no schools either
of sculpture or painting were formed among themselves.
1886 Ruskin Prvterita I. 271 Rogers was a mere dilettante,
who felt no difference between landing where Tell leaped
ashore, or standing where ‘St. Preux has stood’.
+b. with of: a lover, one who is fond of Obs.
1783 Hamitron in PAz2, Trans. LXXIII. 189 Those who
are professed dilettanti of miracles.
2. attrib. a. In apposition, as dilettante musician,
etc, =amateur, ©
363, .
1774‘ J. Cottier’ Mus. Tvav.(1775) 4 That great Dilettante
performer on the harp. 1789 Map. D’Arstay Le?#. 27 Oct.,
A Dilettante purchaser may yet be found. 1806-7 J.
Beresrorp Miseries Hum, Life (1826) xv. iii, You are
almost entirely reduced to Dilletanti Musicians. 1816
T. L. Peacock Headlong Hall iii, Sir Patrick O’Prism,
a dilettante painter of high renown, 1821 Craic Lect.
Drawing v. 252 Suited for the dilettante artist. 1871
Mortey Voltaire (1886) 57 The dilettante believer is indeed
not a strong spirit, but the weakest. een
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a
dilettante (in the shades of meaning the word has
passed through).
1753 SMoLteTT Cf. Fathom xxxii, He sometimes held
forth upon painting, like a member of the Dilettanti club.
1774 ‘J. Cottier’ Mus. Trav. (1775) 58 He ordered his
servant to bring in his Dilettante ring and wig. 1794
Matnias Purs, Lit. (1798) 386 ‘The dilettante spirit which
too frequently prevails in Dr. Warton’s comments. 1840
CartyLe Heroes vi.(1891) 198 To us it is no dilettante work,
no sleek officiality; it is sheer rough death and earnest.
1847 Mrs. SHERWoop Lady of Manor II, xiii. 151, 1 will
have a dilletante play, or concert, or some such thing, got
up. 1868 M. Partison Academ. Org. v. 148 A dilettante
fastidiousness, an aimless inertia.
Hence Dilettante v., Dilettantize v., to play
the dilettante (also ¢o dé/ettande tt) ; Diletta‘nting
ppl. a.; Diletta‘titedom, the world of dilettanti ;
Diletta‘nteship, the condition of a dilettante.
1835 Jamrs Gipsy v, In the elegant charlatanism of dilet-
tanteship. 1837 Blackw. Mag. XLII.515 To go ondilettante-
ing it in the grossness of the moral atmosphere of the Con-
tinental cities. 1843 7 azt’s Mag. X. 346 Shooting par-
tridges and dilettantizing atlegislation, 1887 Pad J/adlG.
1 Jan. 5/2 The favourite actress of dilettantedom. 1890
Spectator 11 Oct. 495 ‘The Shakespeare temptation remains
as strong as ever with the dilettanting world.
Diletta‘ntish, 7. Also -teish. [f.prec. + -1sH.]
Savouring of the nature or quality of a dilettante.
1871 Geo. Exior A/iddlem. xix, You are dilettantish and
amateurish, 1881 H. James Portr. Lady xxiii, It made
people idle and dilettantish, and second-rate; there was
nothing tonic in an Italian life. 1893 Va/zon (N.Y.) 16 Feb.
129/3 It presents .. a dilettantish ‘appreciation ’ of Dante.
Diletta ntism. Also diletta‘nteism. [f.
as prec. + -ISM: so mod.F, dtlettantisme, adm, by
Acad, in 1878.] The practice or method of a
dilettante ; the quality or character of dilettanti.
1809 Han. More Carlebs I. 119 (Jod.) She. .extolled the air
with all the phrases, cant and rapture of dilettanteism. 1830
Car.yLe in Froude Z7/ (1882) II. 90 The sin of this age is
dilettantism: the Whigs and all ‘ moderate Tories’ are dilet-
tanti. 1849 Robertson Serm. Ser. 1. xii, 182 Virtue no
longer means manhood: it is simply dilettantism. 1862
Sutrtey Nuge Crit. iv. 187 A national society. .has no right
to indulge in religious dilletanteism. 1873 LoweLt Among
my Bks, Ser, 1. 22 A period, for Italy, of sceptical dilettan-
teism. 1894 7%es 23 Feb. 4/4 To prevent their falling into
an attitude of indifference or dilettantism.
Diletta‘ntist, z. [f. prec. ; see -1sr.] Char-
acterized by dilettantism.
1859 Sat. Rev. VIII. 226/1 Nothing more than the play-
things of dilettantist philanthropy. 1887 /éd/d. 10 Sept.
345 Difficult branches of science were dealt with in this
same dilettantist spirit. 1889 J. M. Robertson £ss.
towards Crit. Meth. 3 \t is become, as it were, parasitic
and dilettantist, a pedant habit of tasting and relishing and
objecting.
ilful, obs. form of DoLEFuL a.
¢ 1420 Anturs of Arth. xiii, Lo! hou dilful dethe hase thi
Dame dy3te! ?a1500 Ches‘er Pl. (1843) 1. 69 But that Ido
this dilfull dede The Lord will not quite me in my nede.
+ Dilghe, dilie, v. Ods. Forms: 1 dilgian,
3 dillshenn (Orm.), dilie. [OE. dilegian, dilgian
=OLG. diligon (MLG. del(l)igen, delgen, diligen,
LG. delgen, dilgen, Du. delgen ; OHG. tilon, dilon,
tiligon, MHG, ¢ellen, tiligen, tilgen, Ger. tilgen;
supposed to be ad. L. délére to blot out, erase.]
trans. To destroy, blot out, erase; also fig.
c897 K, AELrreD Gregory's Past. liv. 82 Swa se writere,
Rf he ne dilegad Set he zr wrat .. Sat bid Seah undilegzod
t he er wrat. c 1200 OrMIN 4083 To ben Fullhtnedd, to
dillghenn sinne. /éid. 5301 Forr swa to cwennkenn Crisstenn-
dom, And Cristess lajhess dillz3henn, 12.. Hymn of St.
Godric (Ritson), Dilie min sinne, rix in mine mod.
Diligat, obs. Sc. form of DELICATE.
Diligence ! (dilidzéns). In 5-6 dily-, dyly-,
deli-, delygence,-ens. [a. F. dz/igence (13-14th
c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. diligentia, f. diligent-
em DILIGENT: see -ENCE. Cf. Pr. and Sp. dzlz-
gencta, It. dtligenza.] The quality of being
diligent.
1. Constant and earnest effort to accomplish what
isundertaken ; persistent application and endeavour;
industry, assiduity.
¢1374 Cuaucer Troylus a1. 86 (135) With al my wit and
al my deligence. 1393 Gower Conf II. 37 As for thy
diligence, Whiche every mannes conscience By reson shulde
reule and kepe, ¢ 1425 Wynroun Cron. vi. iv. 74 To mak
defens For hys Land wyth diligens. 1577 B. Gooce Heres-
bach’s Husb. wv. (1586) 190 By the carefull toile and dili-
ence of the Bee. 1 Mitton Educ. Wks. (1847) 98/z
The extraordinary pains and diligence which you have use
in this matter, @1718 Penn Tracts Wks. 1726 I. 908 Dili-
gence is a discreet and understanding Application of one’s
self to Business, 1718 Freethinker No. 89 ® 9 Manage
Business with Regularity and Diligence. 175r Jounson
Rambler No. 85 ® 1 Many writers..have laid out their
Pos ae upon the consideration of those distempers. 1871
E F. Burr Ad Fidem viii. 130 Patient diligepce the only
sure key to Divine treasures,
DILIGENCE.
+b. Assiduity in service ; persistent endeavour
to please ; officiousness. Ods.
1493 Petronilla 142 (Pynson) To do servise with humble
diligence Unto thy fader. 1500-20 Dunbar Poevrs lvii. 3
Sum be seruice and diligence. rgg9x Suaks. 1 Hen. VJ, v.
iii. 9 This speedy and quicke appearance argues proofe Of
your accustom’d diligence to me. 1671 Mitton P. 2.1. 387
Why shouldst thou, then, obtrude this diligence In vain,
where no acceptance it can find? 1674 PLayrorp S#ilZ
Mus. 1. xi. 41 Which sort of People we should endeavour
to please with all diligence.
+e. with @ and g/.: An act of diligence; Ad.
labours, exertions, diligent efforts. Ods.
1443 Hen. VI in Ellis Ovzg. Lett. Ser. 1. I. 79 By whos
notable .. labours and diligences it hath liked our Lord to
shewe us his grete fauour. 1549 CovERDALE, etc. Zrasm.
Par. Phil. Ul. 9 All them..that with their dilygences helpe
forewarde the businesse of the gospell. 1600 E. Blount tr.
Conestaggio 314 Not suffering his men to discharge one
volley..for that it seemed unto him a vaine diligence. 1652
J. Wavswortn tr. Sandoval's Civ. Wars Spain 253 Whilest
the Lord High Constable was making all these diligences,
the Cardinal stole secretly out of Valladolid.
+d. One in whom the quality is personified ; a
diligent person. (#once-zse.)
1610 SHaks. Jemip. v.i. 241 Av. Was't well done? /’r.
Brauely (my diligence); thou shalt be free.
te. Phrases. Zo put diligence, to do one’s
diligence, to do one’s utmost endeavour, to exert
oneself. Zo report one’s diligence, to report what
one has done, to report progress. Ods. or arch.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Melib. » 27 Whan thou hast for-goon thy
freend, do diligence to gete another freend. c 1386 — Mancz-
ple's T. 37 And nyght and day did euere his diligence Hir
for to plese. 1389 Eng. Gilds (1870) 4 Pe same maistres
& ee beien shul do her diligence trewly to redresse it.
1477 Ear Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 128, I shal put my peyn
and dyligence to distroye the. 1481 Caxton J/yrr. 1. vi.
30 They [kynges] doo their diligence to lerne such clergye
& science. 1509 Barctay Shyp of Folys (1570) 6 Neuer
wise man loued.. ‘lo haue great riches put ouer great
diligence. 1539 CRANMER 2 7%. iv. 9 Do thy diligence,
that thou mayest come shortly vnto me. 1637-50 Row
List. Kirk (1842) 208 That they be carefull to correct what
they can, and report their diligence to the nixt Assemblie.
1690 W. Waker /diomat, Anglo-Lat. 143, I will doe my
diligence.
+ 2. Speed, dispatch, haste. Ods.
1490 Caxton Exeydos xxvi.g5 Yf thou departe not with
all diligence thou shalt soone see the see alle couered with
vesselles of werre commynge ayenst the. 1548 HAtt Chron.
37 This phisician dyd not long lynger.. but with good
diligens repaired to the quene. 1605 SHaks. Lear tl. v. 4
If your Dilligence be not speedy, I shall be there afore you.
1632 J. Haywarptr. Biondi’s Eromena 21 Posting on with
such diligence that by darke night hee reached [etc.]. 1703
Rowe U/yss. wv. i. 1415 With thy swiftest Diligence return.
1781 Ginson Decl. & F. III. 41 His rival .. fled before
him with the diligence of fear.
+b. A ‘company’ of messengers. Ods.
1486 Bh. St, Aléans F vjb, A Diligens of Messangeris.
+ 3. Careful attention, heedfulness, caution. Zo
do or have diligence, to take care, take heed, be-
ware; to take care of or about a thing, to look
after it carefully. Ods.
1340 Ayend. 238 Peruore hi ssolle do greate payne and
grat diligence wel to loki hare chastete. 1382 Wyctir
1 Vv. iii. 5 If ony man kan not gouerne his hous, how
schal he haue diligence of the chirche of God. ¢ 1400 Lax-
Jranc’s Cirurg. 141 It is necessarie pat a surgian have more
diligence in ile woundis of pe face. 1483 CAxton Cato
Bvb, Thou oughtest to take dyligence and cure of thy
werkes. 1535 CoveRDALE Prov. iv. 23 Kepe thine hert
with all diligence. 1577 B. Goocr Heresbach’s Hush. 11,
(1586) 152 To keepe your Bacon any long time, you must use
reate diligence in the salting and drying of it. 1587
Giscat Govt. Cattle, Horses (1627) 100 A horse doth aske
a greater deligence to be meated and kept .. then other
cattell. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 47 Moscovy-glass..with care
and diligence may be slit into pieces .. exceeding thin.
1795 SoutuEy Yoan of Arc vi, Thou wilt guard them
with due diligence, Yet not forgetful of humanity.
+b. with pl. Obs.
1675 M. Currorp Hum. Reason in Phenix 1708 II. 530
Those necessary Diligences which are requir’d for so doubt-
ful and dangerous a Passage.
4. Law. Theattention and care due from a person
in a given situation ; sfec. that incumbent upon the
parties to a contract.
1622 Matynes Anc. Law Merch. 407 The diligences
which are requisite to bee done herein, are..to be obserued
accordingly. 1781 Sir W. Jones Ess, Bailments 16. 1848
Wuarton Law Lex. s.v., The common law recognizes three
degrees of diligence. (1) Common or ordinary .. (2) High
or great, which is extraordinary diligence ..(3) Low or
slight, which is that which persons of less than common
prudence, or indeed of amy prudence at all, take of their
own concerns. 1875 Poste Gaius 477 The opposite of
Negligence is Diligence, vigilance, attention, which, like
Negligence, admits of an infinite variety of gradations.
[id 480 If the interests of the parties are not identical,
the Roman law, at least, requires extraordinary diligence.
5. Sc. Law. a. The process of law by which
persons, lands, or effects are attached on execution,
or in security for debt. b. The warrant issued by
a court to enforce the attendance of witnesses, or
the production of documents.
1568 in Calderwood Hist. Kirk (1843) II. 426 The persons
addebted for payment of the same being at the horne,
and no further diligence used for obteaning of payment.
1752 J. Lournian Horm of Process (ed. 2) 37 Therefore,
necessary it is for the Complainers to have our Warrant
and Diligence for summoning the said C.D. to compear
46* -2
DILIGENCE.
before Our Lords Justice-General. 1754 Erskine Princ.
Sc. Law (1809) 12 In our supreme courts o' ion and
Exchequer, not only process, but execution of diligence,
runs in the name of the Sovereign. 1827 Scorr Frnd.
13 Oct., Mr. Abud .. has given the most positive orders to
take out diligence against me for his debt of 1500/. 1858
Poison Law & ZL. 197 Witnesses are brought into Court
upon a diligence.
i 2 (di'lidgéns ; Fr. d7lézans). [mod.
F.: a particularuse of dzligence, DILIGENCE ! sense 2,
also in Ger. and Du. ; It. diligenza, Sp. diligencia.}
A public stage-coach. (Now used only in reference
to France or other continental countries.)
1742 Lavy M. W. Montacu Left. (1893) II. 110 Travelled
from Paris to Lyons in the diligence.
Tour France IV.19 The Diligence is a kind of stage coach
so called from its expedition, and differs from the carosse
or ordinary stage-coach, in little else but in moving with
greater velocity. It is used chiefly in travelling from Paris
to Lyons, and from Paris to Brussels. 1815 M. BirkBeck
Journ. through France 17 From Rouen to Louviers we
travelled by diligence. 1838 J. L. Srernens Trav. Greece,
etc. 62/1 We mounted a drosky and rode to the office of the
diligence, which was situated in the Podolsk, or lower town.
1883 S.C. Hatt Retrospect 11. 207 When travelling .. on
the top of a Diligence, Turner sketched, on the back of
a letter, Heidelberg.
+b. Formerly used also in Great Britain. Ods.
1748 Smottett Nod, Rand. xi, I shall make my lord very
merry with our adventures in the diligence. [Satirically:
it was a wagon.) 1776 Westey IWks. (1830) IV. go, I set
out for Bedford in the diligence. 1777 Suertpan Sch. Scand.
1.i, Her guardian caught her just stepping into the York
Diligence with her dancing-master. 1780 Map, D’ArsLay
Lett. 9 June, If .. possible to send me a line by the
diligence to Brighton. 1782 Sir J. E. Smitn in Mev.
(1832) I. 55 We went in the diligence to Dumbarton. 1
Papers on Reform of Posts App. ii. 3 The Diligence that
sets out from Bath..on Monday afternoon, will deliver
a letter on Tuesday morning. 1849 Macautay Hist. Eng.
I. 379 The interests of large classes had been unfavour-
ably affected by the establishment of the new diligences.
e. Used for the passengers of a ‘ Diligence’.
(Cf. Coach sé. 1c.)
1887 Ruskin Preterita 11. 400 The hour when the dili-
gence dined. ;
d. attrib.
1861 Sat. Rev. 14 Dec. 607 Continuous diligence journey
of three days and nights required to reach Madrid. 1866
Miss Tuackeray Village on Cliff in Cornh. Mag. 527,
Catherine .. looked out through the diligence windows at
the chateau.
+Diligency. Os. [ad. L. diligentia: sve
DiLicENcE ! and -ENcY.] = DILicENcE |.
1494 Fasyan Chron, v1. clxxviii. 175 He caused the sayd
Charlys..to be norysshed & broughte vp with moost
dylygensi. 1856 J. Hevwoop Spider & /. Ixxix. 53 Lack
of this somers dayes diligentsie, May make me fast two
dayes in winter. 1619 W. Scrater A.xf. 1 Thess. (1630)
192 Meanes, with more diligency attended. 1672 Mrs.
Atteine Life Fos. Alleine vi. (1838) 60 With greater
ardency, diligency, and courage.
Diligent (dilidzént), @. (adv.) Also 5-6
deligent. [a. F. azligent (13-14th c. in Hatz.-
Darm.), ad. L. diligent-em attentive, assiduous,
careful, in origin pr. pple. of d/ligére to value or
esteem highly, love, choose, affect, take delight in
(doing) ; cf. Pr. dé/igent, Sp. and It. diligente.]
1. Of persons: ‘Constant in application, perse-
vering in endeavour, assiduous’, industrious ; ‘not
idle, not negligent, not lazy.’ J.
1340 Ayend. 32 Uolk.. pet by diligent ine pet hi byeb
yhyealde to done. c1386 Cuaucer Sompn. T. 268 Oure
covent To pray for yow is ay so diligent. c1430 Sy Gener.
1152 Thei wer diligent in here seruice. a Dunpar
Poems xc. 7 To fast and pray .. We synfull folk sulde be
more deligent.
the diligent shal haue plenty. 1577 B. Gooce Heresbach's
Husb. 1. (1586) 14, A painefull and diligent Bayliffe.
Ho.tysanp Campo di Fior 53 Philopon is diligentest, an
honestest of all. 1674 PLayrorp Skid Mus. 111. 38 He that
will be diligent to know. .the true allowances, 1771 Burke
Corr, (1844) I. 351 Though he is not very active in the
House, few are more diligent attenders. 1849 MAcauLay
Hist. Eng. 1. 427 Comforts and luxuries ., now unknown
..may be within the reach of every diligent and thrifty
working man, 1877 Mrs. OuirHant Makers Flor. ix. 224
He was a diligent student, working day and night.
2. Of actions, etc.: Constantly or steadily ap-
plied; prosecuted with activity and perseverance ;
assiduous, a Ke
1430 Lypc. Min. Poems 89 (Matz. these thynges,
Foukte of olde tyme by diligent travaile. ?ax Wyeket
(1828) Not in ydle lyuynge, but in diligente labourynge.
1703 Damper Voy. II. Pref. Aivb, Things .. worthy of
our Diligentest Search and Inquiry. 1847 Loncr. £v. n,
Silent awhile were its treadles, at rest was its diligent
shuttle. 1887 Bowen Virg. dineid 1. 455 Artist’s cunning,
and workman's diligent hand.
+8. Attentive, observant, heedful, careful. (Of
persons and their actions, etc.) Ods.
c1400 Lan/franc’s Lets B 199 Men moun be delyuerid of
manye greet sijknessis if her tecte is kunnynge & diligent
aboute hem. fen Sir R. Ros La Belle Dame sanz
Mercy 112 in Pol. Rel. & L. Poents (1866) 55 In his langage
not gretely dyligente. 1535 CoverDALy a xiii. é I haue
euen diligent eare vnto the. @ 1§§2 Somerset in Foxe A. §
M. (1563) 730b, It maie appere vnto vs mete, more dili-
genter foals to be taken. 1593 Hooker Zcc?, Pol. m. i.
(1611) 85 For lacke of diligent obseruing the difference. 1
Damerer Voy. 1. 73 A very diligent and observing person.
1701 Swirt Contests Nobles §& Commons iii, That exact and
diligent writer Dionysius Halicarnasseus. 1756 Burke
1756 NuGENT Gr. |
1535 CovEeRDALE Prov. xiii. 4 The soule of |
|
, B64
Subl. & B. v. iv, Ona very diligent examination of myown
mind .. I do not find that .. any such picture is formed.
+b. Attentive to others; assiduous in service.
; as Wills & fal N. c. (Surtees 1835) 264 All my children
oO
r4 to hir as b ithe them.
| J. Haywarp tr, Biondi's Eromena 105 Not like a
waitin; i i Squire. 1689 SHADWELL
3 man, but like a dilig
Bury F.1. i, He will be diligent and fawning.
+ B. adv. =DiicEntiy. Obs.
1479 Eng. Gilds 413 So that. .they may the better, sewrer,
and more diligenter, execute .. their said Officez. 1556
Lauber T7ractate 228 Quhilk suld be taucht most detigent
Be faithfull Pastors. 1590 Spenser /. Q.1. iii.g He wayted
diligent, With humble service to her A prepare
+ Diligent, v. Obs. rare. [ad. ¥. diligent-er
to execute with diligence (15th c. in Hatz.-Darm.),
f. diligent DILIGENYT.] trans. To bestow diligence
upon ; to work at diligently.
1545 Raynotp Byrth Mankynde (1634) ww. vi. 197 Be [the
earth] .. neuer so well diligented and picked, yet alwayes
therein will remaine .. seeds of vnlooked for weeds.
ently (di'lidzéntli), adv. [f. DinicEnt a.
+-LY%.) In a diligent manner; with diligence.
a. With steady application; assiduously, indus-
triously ; not idly or lazily ; + with dispatch.
1340 A yend. 208 Huo pet on diligentliche. 1382 Wyciir
2 Chron. xix. 11 Takith coumfort and doith diligently, and
the Lord schal ben with 30u in goodis. 1477 Eart Rivers
(Caxton) Dictes 128 If he be pouer to laboure dylygentely.
1530 TinDALE A nsw. to More 1. xxvi. Wks. (1573) 287/2 The
Jewes studyed the scripture the deligenterly. c 1540 RDE
The boke for to Lerne Cijb, They .. serue god the holy
dayes .. more dylygentlyer, than to do theyr worke.
Grarton Chron. Il. 822 That all thinges .. shoulde be
spedily and diligently done. 1612 T. TayLor Comm. Titus
i. 6 Study to doe thy owne dutie diligently. 1752 JoHNSON
Rambler No, 207 ® 8 When we have diligently laboured
for any purpose. 1870 AnpEKson J/issions Amer, Bd. 111.
iv. 53 Applying himself diligently .. to natural and theo-
logical science. 1894 J. T. FowLer Adamnan Introd. 70
Columba laboured diligently among the Picts.
+b. Attentively, carefully, heedfully. Ods.
¢1391 Cuaucer Astro/. 1. § 17 Espie diligently whan this
«.sterre passeth any-thing the sowth westward. 1483
Caxton Gold. Leg. 72/1 Beholdyng hym dylygently in the
clere lyght. 1 W. CunnincHam Cosmogr. Glasse 139
Marking diligentlye that the Center of the second Circle,
be in the line of sighte. 1656 RipcLey Pract. Physick 87
It must be diligently distinguished from an Imposthume.
1695 Lp. Preston Boeth. v. 226 It hath not yet been dili-
gently and thorowly determined.
+ Diligentness. Os. rare—°. [f. as prec.
+-NESS.] The quality of being diligent; dili-
gence, assiduity.
I Pasar. 212/2 Delygentnesse, diligence. 1580 Barnet
Aly. Q 15 Diligentnesse, lustinesse, quicknesse, Jmfigritas.
1727 Batey vol. I, Diligentness, diligence.
ilirious, -ium, obs. erron. ff. Drxirious,
-1UM.
Dilituric (dailititierik), a. Chem. [f. Di-2.2
+ Liru-1c+ Uric.) In diliturtc acid, Cy, H3(NO,)
N, O,, a substitution product of urea, crystallizing
in colourless square prisms and laminz. Its salts
are Dilitu'rates.
1872 Watts Dict. Chem. 11. 966 Dilituric acid is tribasic.
.. The diliturates have a white or yellow colour, and are
remarkably stable.
Diliuer(e, obs. forms of DELIVER.
Dill (dil), 56.1 (OF. déle, dile, (dil) dyle masc.
=OLG. dilli, MDu. and Du, délle f., OHG. t//2,
MHG. ¢i//e m. and f., Ger. dt// m., dille f., Dan.
dild, Sw. dill. Ulterior derivation unknown.]
1. An umbelliferous annual plant, Anethum gra-
veolens, with yellow flowers, a native of the South
of Europe, Egypt, India, South Africa, etc., culti-
vated in herb gardens in England and other
countries, for its carminative fruits or ‘seeds’.
Also called ANE?.
a 700 Epinal [& a800 Er/] Gloss. 21 Anetum dil. aBoo
Corpus Gloss. 159 Anetum dili. cx000 Ags. Gosp. Matt.
xxili. 23 Wa eow, boceras..ze pe teodiad mintan and
dile and cymyn. c1000o Sax. Leechd. 11. 20 Wip heafod
ece zenim diles blostman. a 1387 Sinon. Barthol. (Anecd.
Oxon.) 10 Anetum, dile vel dille. c 1420 Pallad. on Husb.
1v. 167 Nowe sette in places colde, senvey and dyle. 1578
Lyre Dodoens u. xc. 270 They sowe Dill in pprarts
amongst wortes, and Pot herbes, 1590 Spenser /. Q. 1.
ii, 49
camphora, and calamint, and dill. 1612 Drayton Po/y-o/b.
xiii. 218 The wonder-working Dill .. Which curious women
use in many anice disease, 1627 Drayton Agincourt, etc.
Nymphidia 127 Therewith her Veruayne and her Dill,
That hindreth Witches of their will. “1778 Br. Lowrn
Transl. Isaiah xxviii. 25 Doth not he then scatter the dill,
and cast abroad the cummin? 1794 Martyn Xousseau's
Bot. v. 57 Some, as fennel, dill, .have yellow flowers. 1855
Sincteton Virgil I, 11 The bloom of scented dill.
2. Applied locally to other umbelliferous plants ;
also to some species of vetch ; see quots.
¢1680 Enguiries 2/2 Do you sow hereabout the Gore-
Vetch... Dills or Lentils? 1789 W. Marsnaut Glouc, Gloss.,
Dill, ervum hirsutum, two-seeded tare; which has been
cultivated (on the Cotswold Hills) time immemorial, prin-
cipally for 184 Hatuwewt, Dill, hedge parsley.
Var. dial. 1881 Leicester Gloss., Dill, tare ; vetch (Vicia
sativa). 1884 Cheshire Gloss., Dilis, Vetches. *Dills and
wuts’ are often sown to be cut as green meat for horses.
3. attrib. and Comb., as dill-flower, -fruit, -seed ;
+ dill-nut (dé/-note), an old name of the Earth-nut,
Bunium (also, by confusion of ‘ pig-nut’ and * sow-
»
1568
ad gathered rew, and savine, and the flowre Of |
DILLI-DARLING.
bread’, taken in the herbals as Cyclamen) ; dill-
water, a carminative draught from dill ;
dill weed, a name in U.S. for May weed, Anthe-
mis Cotula.
a1450 4 /phita (Anecd. Oxon.) 134 Panis i? tcla-
men, malum terre, dilnote uel maheaes Sie ty 9
MS. 553 in Cockayne Sax. Leechd. 111. 321 Gciememn,
eorpenote or dillnote or oye or halywort. pis
es ylich to fenel & whyte floures & a small stalk &
groweth in wodes & medes. 1586 W. Wense Eng.
Poetrie (Arb.) 78 And dyll flowres most sweete that
sauoureth also. 1641 Frencu Distill. ii. (1651) 49 Adde to
them .. of Dill-seed bruised two ounces. 1868 Hoce Veg.
Kingda. 377 The carminative draught k as Dill water.
1860 Adi Year Round No. 52. 48 The dill-water stands
upon the shelf.
+ Dill, sd.2 Obs. Rogues’ Cant. [Variant of, or
error for, Deu 2.] A girl, wench.
a Mippteton Spanish Gipsy iv. i, Who loves not hi
dit fer him die pepo anes pidge ;
sb.3 Naut. The space underneath the
cabin floor in a wooden fishing vessel, into which
the bilge-water drains.
1882 Standard 11 Mar. 3/4 The lad was placed in the
dill, a place at the bottom of the vessel, full of bilge water.
Dill sé.4, obs. form of Dot, grief, mourning.
c 1420 Anturs of Arth. xv, 1 in dungun, and dill, is done
for to duelle. a1765 Sir Cawline iv. in Child Ballads i.
Ixi. 58/1 Great dill to him was dight.
Dill sd.5, erron. f. di/se, DULSE, a sea-weed.
1867 in Smytn Sailor's Word-bk.
a a. north. dial. Obs. Also 4 dil, dille,
deille, dylle. [Perh. early form of Du a. q.v.]
Sluggish, slow, stupid, dull.
¢ 1200 Orin 3714 Mannkinn patt wass stunnt & dill, &
skilllas swa summ asse. a@ 1300 Cursor M. 17225 (Cott.) Bot
i pat es sa dedli dill, Me spedis ai me-self to spill. /did.
27238 Yong man [is] idel, and ald man dill. 13.. &. Z.
Allit. P. A. 679 Hymself to onsware he is not dyfic. 13--
Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1529 3e demen me to dille your dalyaunce
to herken. a1400 Kelig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. ix.
(1867) gx All pe dedes pay couthe doo pat derfe ware and
dill. ¢1440 Fork Myst. xxvii. 149 So wel away ! That euer
I did pat dede sodill. +
+ Dill,v.' Ods. Also 4 dil,dyle. [a. ON. dyla
(pa. t. duldi, duldi, pa. pple. duldr, dulidr), Sw.
dolja, Da. délge to conceal, hide, keep close, dis-
guise: cf. ON. du/ concealment, du/r silent, close,
dul- secret.] .
1. ¢rans. To conceal, hide, keep secret.
a 1300 Cursor M. 202 (Cott.) Tuus wit ret vnschill
Wend his vprisyng to dill. /éid. 1081 His yor ded
sua wend he dil, Bot he moght nourquar it hil. Jd, 4271
And ioseph lette he wist it noght; He wist and dild it, als
be wis. /éid. 13031 Naman aght it thol ne dill. [/air/,
dyle.]_ /bid. 21363 Pe right e pai wend to dil (Faiz
dille] Vte of be cristen men skil.
2. intr. To conceal oneself, to hide.
a 1300 Cursor M. g292(Cott.) Fra him for-soth sal nan cun
dil [v. v7. stele, wibdrawe]. -
Dill, v.2 north. dial. [Related to Ditr a.: cf.
Dut v.; also ON. diél/a intr. to trill, to lull.]
trans. To soothe, assuage, lull, quiet down.
1450 Henryson Xodbin § Ma. v, My dule in dern bot
gif thow dill Doutles bot dreid Ide. ¢ 1460 Towneley Myst.
xv. 80 (Surtees) 136 My son? alas, for care! who myd my
doyllys dyll? 164 R. Baie gar | Frais. aber) + 310
The noise of the Queen's Vores to France is dilled down.
1820 J. Strutners Brit. Minstrel 11, 80 The word dill
means simply to soothe or assuage. 1851 S. Jupp A/argaret
140 (Bartlett) This medecine. cil dill fevers, dry up sores
..kill worms. 1855 Rosinson Whitby Gloss., Dill, to ease
pain, to lull, as something ‘to dill the toothache’. 1875
aon “* Gloss., ying lull or soothe’a child. .‘thee dill that
chylt an’ git it %
b. absol. To benumb, cause ary mgt a
c St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 4034 With = e man
Fick i hilde For pare pe paraliny heat dilde.
+ Dill, v.8 Ods. [Origin uncertain.] /vans. To
trim, deck, dress up. (Also aéso/.)
1548 Hoorer Declar. 10 Commandm. x,Wks. (Parker Soc.)
77 Other sort .. are a-dilling and burling of their hair a
ad x time than a godly woman. .is in apparelling of three
or four young infants. 1594 WiLLonie A risa xx. i. (2635) 38
No maruell well, thou; haue thriu'd That so can decke,
that so can dill. 1616 J. Lane Cont. Sor.’s 7. xi. 160 The
vanities of thother knightes and ladies; The fickell pompe
of dilld-vp whifflinge babies. ;
|| Dillenia (dil7nia). Bot. [mod.L. after Dél-
lenius, professor of botany at Oxford 1728-1747.]
A genus of plants, typical of the N.O, Dilleniacex,
natives of India and the Eastern peninsula, con-
sisting of lofty forest trees with handsome flowers.
Hence Dillenia‘ceous a., of or belonging to the
natural order Dilleniacex. Dille‘niad, a member
of this natural order. ad
1753 Cuampers Cycl. Sig Ditllenia,..a genus of plants.
. E. Smirn Pays. cos do Dillenia, with its beautiful
blossoms and fruit, serves to immortalize two of the most
meritorious among botanists. 1837 Penny Cyc?. VIII. 497
Dilleniaceous plants are distinguished .. from Magnoliacea:
by their want of stipules. 1 Treas. Bot. 1. 408 The
species of this genus of dilleniads are handsome lofty trees
inhabiting dense forests in India.
+ Dilli-da‘r . Obs, rare. [First element
app. identical with Dittine.] A term of endear-
ment: a darling. So Dilli-mi‘nion.
[These terms translate F. dorelot and bedauit, both of which
Cotgr. renders ‘ dilling ’.]
ee
ee
a
=
oe a ee
=
eee”
DILLIGROUT.
1693 Urounart Rabelais ut. xiv. 114 As if I had been a
..neat dillidarling Minion, like Adonis. /déd. 11. xviii. 146
My dainty Fedle-darling, my gentiel Dilli-minion.
Di'lligrout, 0ds.exc. /ist. Also dile-,dille-,
dilly-. [Derivation unknown,
In the recent form of the word, the second element is app.
taken as grout porridge of coarse meal; but this appears
to be only a 17th c. mis-reading of the Anglo-French ded
girunt or geroun of unknown meaning. Cf. Zesta de
Neville (Recd.), Debet facere ferculum [quendam] quod
vocatur [del] girunt. 1304 Lib. de Antig. Leg. p. 1xxix.
Ferculum pro domino Rege quod vocatur mees de geroun.]
A kind of pottage, of which a mess was offered
to the Kings of England on their coronation-day,
by the lord of the manor of Addington in Surrey,
being the ‘service’ by which that manor was held.
Sh aetey the manor is held by Tezelin the King’s
cook,
1662 St. George’s Day (1685) 10 Thomas Leigh Esquire was
brought up to the Table with a Mess of Pottage called Déve-
grout, by reason of his Tenure of the Manor of Addington.
1679 Buount Anc. Tenures 1. 19727 Ceremonies Coronations
49 Then follows the Mess of Pottage, or Gruel, called D/l/e-
grout. 1778 Eng. Gazetteer (ed. 2) s.v. Addington, The
Ld. of this manor, in the R. of Henr. III. held it by this
service, viz. to make his Majesty a mess of pottage in an
earthen pot in the K’s kitchen at his coronation, called Dil-
li rout. 1880 Burton Reign QO. Anneli. 51.
illing (di‘lin). Ods. exc. déa/. [Of doubtful
etymology: it has been variously conjectured to
be connected with Dinu v.%, or ON. dl/a to trill,
to lull, or to be a modification of dering, DARLING.
Further evidence is wanted.] A term of endear-
ment, sometimes equivalent to dar/ing, sometimes,
the youngest of a family, the last born. In modern
dialects applied to the weakling of a litter.
[1547Satessury Welsh Dict., Dillin Mignyon.] 1584 B. R.
Herodotus 106 After this there befell unto him another mis-
chiefe that sate as neere his skirtes as the death of his dil-
ling. _ 1598 Fiorito, A/ignzone, a minion, a fauorit, a dilling,
a minikin, a darling. 1607 Marston What you Will 1. 1,
Sunne, Moone, and seauen Starres make thee the dilling of
Fortune. 1611 Cotcr., Besot, a dilling, or swill-pough; the
last, or yongest child one hath. 1612 Drayton /ody-old.
ii. 26 The youngest and the last. .Saint Hellen’s name doth
beare, the dilling of her mother. 1617 Minsneu Ductor in
Ling., A Dilling or wanton, one borne his father being
very old. .he is loved more than the rest. @ 1639 WHATELY
Prototypes wt. xxvi. (1640) 76 For Joseph and Benjamin ..
they were his youngest sons, dillings as we call them. 1674
Ray S. & £. C. Words 64 A Dilling ; a Darling or best-
beloved child. 1890 Rosertson Glouc. Gloss., Dilling pig
or dolly pig, the weakly pig of a litter.
isk, -esk, -osk, dills, Irish and Sc. names
of. DULSE,
Dill-nut: see under Dit sd.1
+Dillue, v. Aining. Obs. Also 8 dilleugh,
7-8 erron. dilve. [a. Cornish dyZ//o to send forth,
emit, let out, liberate, discharge (Williams) = Welsh
dillwng to let go, liberate. (The final o in the
Cornish was very close, hence the Eng. spelling ze.)]
trans, To finish the dressing of (tin-ore) by shak-
ing it in a fine sieve in water. Hence Dilluer,
Dilluing-sieve, ;
1671 in Phil. Trans, V1. 2110 We. .dilue [Printed dilve] it
(i. e. by putting it into a Canvass Sieve, which holds water,
and in a large Tub of water lustily shake it) so that the filth
gets over the rim of the Sieve, leaving the Black Tin behind.
1721 Baitey, Dilving, a word used in the dressing Tin Ore.
1778 W. Pryce Min. Cornub, 223 The latter [waste] will
run or fly over, and is called dilleughing smalls or pitworks.
Ibid. 319 Dillueing. (Dillengh, To let go, let fly, send
away. Dylyr,id.Cornish.) A method of washing or finish-
ing the dressing of Tin in very fine hair sieves, called
Dillueing sieves, or Dilluers.
Dill weed: see under Dixt sd.1
1 (dili). [Abbreviation of DinicEnce 2.]
+1. A familiar term for the diligence or public
stage-coach of former days. Ods.
1786 Mackenzie Lounger No. 54 ?5 A coach with eight
insides, besides two boys and their governor in the dilly.
1798 J. W. Frere Loves of the Triangles (Anti-Facobin) 179
So down thy hill, romantic Ashbourn, | nes The Derby
dilly, carrying 7%ree Insides. 1811 E. LysaGutr Poems 39
Some to avoid mad care’s approaches Fly off in dillies, or
mail-coaches, 1818 Moore Fudge Fam. Paris x. 35 ‘ Be-
nning gay, desperate, dashing down-hilly; And ending as
ull as a six-inside Dilly!’ 1894 Sir J. D. Asttey Fifty
Years of my Life 1.93 ‘This always swung at the side of the
‘dilly’ [Note, 2. e, diligence].
+2. A kind of vehicle, private or plying for
hire. Ods.
1794, W. Fetton Carriages (1801) II. App. 14 The price
of a simple Dilly or Chair Box caned or ruled with springs
is five guineas. 1833 Marryar P. Simple (1863) 47 We sallied
forth, and..found all sorts of vehicles ready to take us to
the fair. We got into one which they called a dilly. 1840
— Poor Sack xi, Dillies. «plied at the Elephant and Castle.
3. Applied dialectally to various carts, trucks,
and other wheeled vehicles, used in agriculture and
industrial operations.
1850 Jrul, RK. Agric, Soc. X1. 1. 727 Crops of vegetables. .
which they carry to the Bristol market in their ‘dillies’ as
their light platform carts are called. 1863 Morton Cyc.
Agric. Gloss., Dilly (West. Eng.), a frame on wheels for
carrying teazles and other light matters. 1877 WV. W. Linc.
Gloss., Dilly, a vehicle used for removing manure. 1888
Etwortuy W, Somerset Word-bk. 194 Dilly, A cask on
wheels for carrying liquids ; a water-cart. Also a low four-
wheeled truck on which mowing-machines and other im-
plements are drawn, 1892 Northumdbld. Gloss., The old
365
engine on the Wylam railway was .. called .. ‘the Wylam
dilly’, The counter-balance mounted upon two pairs of
tramwheels, by means of which the empty tubs in a pit are
carried up an incline, is called a dilly.
Dilly 2. collog. or dial. A call to ducks; hence,
a nursery name for a duck (also dl/y-ach).
Nursery Song‘ Mrs. Bond’, John Ostler, go fetch me a
duckling or two; Cry, dilly, dilly, dilly, dilly, come and be
killed. @1845 Hoop Drowning Ducks xiv, ‘Vhe tenants ..
Had found the way to Pick a dilly. 1880 BLackmore J/ary
Anerley 1, xviii. 283 The sweetness and culture of tame
dilly-ducks. 1888 Berksh. Gloss., Dill or Dilly, Call for
ducks.
Dilly °.
DILLY. ‘
1878 Britten & Hortanp Plant-n., Dilly, an abbrevi-
ation of daffodilly. Derdy. White Dillies, i.e. white daffo-
dillies, Narcissus poeticus. Lance. ;
Dilly 4. [Shortened from Safodil/a, the name
used by Catesby Wat. Hist. Carolina I. 87.] In
Wild Dilly, . small sapotaceous tree, A/ineusops
Steberd, found in the W. Indies and on the Florida
keys, and yielding a very hard wood.
1895 Sarcent Silva N. America V. 183 Wild Dilly, dis-
covered on the Bahamas by Mark Catesby. Catesby calls
it ‘ Sappodillo ‘Tree’,
Di'lly-ba: . Also simply dilli, dilly. Aws-
tralia. [dill native name in Queensland.] An
Australian native-made bag or basket, plaited of
rushes or bark. Hence Dillyful.
1847 Leicunarpt Yrv. iii. go In their ‘dillis’ (small
baskets) were several roots or tubers. /6zd. gt Dillis neatly
worked of Koorajone bark. 1885 Mrs. C. Prarp A ustra-
lian Life 34, 1 learned too at the camp to plait dilly-bags.
1889 — Romance of Station 75 A fresh dillyful of live crabs.
1890 Botprewoon Colonial Reformer xvii. 210 May-boy
came forward dangling a small dilly-bag. 1893 Mrs. C.
Praep Outlaw & Lawmaker 1. 103 The dilly-bag, which
had been plaited by the gins, smelled atrociously.
Dilly-dally (dilijde li), v. [A varied redupli-
cation of DALLy v., with the same alternation as in
sig-sag, shilly-shally, etc., expressing see-saw
action.]_ zaév. To act with trifling vacillation
or indecision; to go on dallying wth a thing
without advancing ;,to loiter in vacillation, to
trifle.
(Prob. in colloquial use as early as 1600: cf. the sb.)
1741 RicHarpson Pamela (1824) I. 100 What you do, sir,
do; don’t stand dilly-dallying. 1801 Mar. Epnceworru
Belinda (1832) 1, xvii. 320, 1. .knew she’d dilly dally with
Clary till he would turn upon his heel and leave her. 1877
SpurGEon Sevm. XXIII. 598 Every man. .who dilly-dallies
with salvation and runs risks with his soul. 1883 STEVENSON
Treasure Isl. \. xvi, There is no time to dilly-dally in our
work.
Hence Di-lly-da‘llying wvé/. sb. and Ppl. a.;
Di‘lly-da‘liier.
1879 Mrs. L. B. Watrorp Cozsins III. 214 Mind you I'll
have no dilly-dallying this time. 1880 WesB Goethe's Faust
Prel. for Theatre 14 Don’t say you're not in time to show it!
The dillydallier ne’er will be. 1881 Durham Univ. Fru.
17 Dec. 133 Half-hearted, dilly-dallying work.
Di-lly-da‘lly, s2., a., adv. [f. the vb.]
+ A. sb. Dilly-dallying, trifling hesitancy. Also
the name of a game. Ods.
@1610 BaBInGTon Com. Notes, Gen. xxiv. 57 Such dilly
dally is fitter for heathens that know not God, than for
sober Christians. 1698 E. Warp 77ip Yamaica Wks. 1717
II. 156 The chief sports we had on board, to pass the tedious
hours, were Hob, Spie the Market, Shove the Slipper, Dilly-
ay:
. adj, (dial.). C. adv. (nonce-use.)
1749 Fietpinc Tom Yones xvut. xii, If I had suffered her
to stand shill I shall I, dilly dally, you might not have had
that honour yet awhile. 1888 E:wortuy W. Sonterset
Word-bk. 194 Dilly-dally, undecided ; shilly-shally. _ 189;
Q. [Coucu] Delectable Duchy 240 Of all the dilly-dallyin
men I must say, John, you’m the dilly-dalliest.
+ Dillydown. Oés. rare. Cf. DILLI-DARLING,
DILLING.
©1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 115 A pratty child is he
“pales downe, perde, To gar a man laghe.
D : see DILLY-BAG.
Dilmond, var. f. Dinmont.
Dilnote, obs. f. did/-nut: see Dity sd.1 3.
——— (dailp'dzikal), a. [f. Gr. didoyos
doubtful, 5:Aoyia repetition + -10 + -aL, after Jog?-
cal.| Waving a double meaning ; equivocal.
¢ 1633 T. Apams IVs. (1861-2) I. 10(D.) In such spurious,
enigmatical, dilogical terms as the devil gave his oracles.
Dilogy (dilddgi, doilddgi). Ret. [ad. L.
dilogia ambiguity, a. Gr. d:Aoyia, f. SiAoyos, f. bi-
twice + -Aoyos speaking. In mod.F. dlogie.]
1. The use of an ambiguous or equivocal expres-
sion ; the word or expression so used.
1656 Biount Glossogr., Dilogy, a doubtful speech, which
may signifie or be construed two ways. 1832 J. C. Harein
Philol. Museunt 1. 460 A double meaning or dilogy is the
= only one thing, but having two things in view.
. Repetition of a word or phrase, in the same
context. In recent Dicts.
+ Dilovricate, v. Obs. rare—°. [f. L. dilo-
rvicat-, ppl. stem of d7/oricare to tear apart or open
(one’s dress, etc.), f. dz- (dis-) apart + Jorica leathern
cuirass.]
1623 CockEeraM, Diloricate, to rip. 1656 BLount Glossog’.,
Diloricate, to undo, cut or rip a coat that is sewed.
A familiar shortening of Darro-
DILUTE.
Dilse, Sc, form of Dutsr.
+ Dilu‘cid, z. Ods. [ad. 1.. diliicéd-us clear,
bright, f. d7licére to be clear, f. di-, dés- apart
(Dis- 1) + Ziicére to shine, be light.]
1. Zt. Clear to the sight; pure, bright. 7 ave.
1650 Butwer A nthropomet. vii. (1653) 133 Eares..soft and
delicate, aspersed with the dilucid colour of Roses.
2. Clear to the understanding; lucid, plain,
manifest.
@ 1640 JACKSON Creed x. xiii, His illustrations out of scrip-
ture are far more dilucide. 1640 G. Warts tr. Bacon's Adv.
Learn. vi, ili. (R.), An ambiguous, or not so perspicuous
and dilucide description of lawes. 1671 7rue Nonconf. 224
A dilucide and th{oJrough knowledge.
+ Dilu‘cidate, 7//. a. Obs. [ad. L vilicedat-
us, pa. pple. of dilacidare to make clear, to ex-
plain, f. diliced-us: see prec.] Made clear or
lucid; =prec. Hence + Dilucidateness.
1651 Biccs New Disp. ® 297 Very often more dilucidate in
their abstracted part. 1727 Baitry vol. I], Dilucidateness
- clearness, plainness.
+ Dilu‘cidate, v. Ods. Also 6-7 de-. [f. L.
dilicidat- ppl. stem of dilicidare: see prec.]
trans. ‘To make clear or plain; to elucidate.
1538 St. Papers Hen. VITT, 1. 576 Such annotacions ..
as shall douteles delucidate and cleare the same, 1611
Corcr., Dilucider, to cleere, dilucidate, explain, mani-
fest. 1638 Sir ‘Tl. Hersert 77av. (ed. 2) 95 ‘Till time might
delucidate his innocency. 1761 S Tr, Shandy 111.
xxxviii, He has .. examined every part of it dialectically ..
dilucidating it with all the light which .. the collision of his
own natural parts could strike. 1764 'T'. Pritties Life Reg.
Pole (1767) 1. 43 His conscience was interested in having
the lawfulness of it dilucidated.
Ilence Dilu-cidated ///. a.; Dilucidating v//
sh. ; Dilucidator.
a1660 Hammonp IVs, II. 1. 6 (R.) For the dilucidating
of obscurities in ancient story. 1689 (¢/t/e), ‘The Diluci-
dator, or Reflections upon modern transactions, by way of
Letters from a person at Amsterdam to his friend in London.
1759 Ditwortu /’ofe 2 A concise and dilucidated account
of the life of Pope. : :
+ Dilucida‘tion. 02s. [ad. L. di/ictdation-en,
n. of action from dlicidare to Ditucipate.] The
action of making lucid or clear; a clearing up;
explanation, elucidation.
1615 Crooke ody of Man 698 It remaineth that wee pro
ceéede vnto the dilucidation of some difficult questions con-
cerning the Eares. 1657 Tomitnson Reno's Disp. 502
It needs no further dilucidation. @ 1661 HoLtypay Fuvenal
121 As Marcellus Donatus observed in his Dilucidations of
Livie. 1744 Warpurton It’s, (1811) XI. 277 A full diluci-
dation of my four propositions.
+ Dilucidity. O¢s. [f. Duc: see -1Try.]
The quality of being dilucid ; clearness, lucidity.
1603 Hotianp Plutarch's Mor. 1199 ‘Together with plain-
nesse, and diluciditie, beliefe was so turned and altered.
1; any adv. Obs. [f. Ditucip +-.y 2.]
Lucidly ; clearly, plainly. 1
1638 Mepr Ef. to Hartlib Wks. (1672) 1v. 869 If Ihave not
expressed myself so dilucidly as I should, I pray helpit. 1677
Cary Chronoé. u. 1. Concl. 270 Provided that he .. do first
Dilucidely answer those Objections.
Diludge, obs. var. of DELUGE.
Diluent (di‘lizjént), a and sd. [ad. L. ¢iluent-
em, pr. pple. of di/uére to wash away, dissolve :-
see DinuteE.] A. adj.
1. Diluting > serving to attenuate or weaken the
consistency of any fluid by the addition of water or
the like ; sfec., in medicine, making thin the fluids
of the body.
1731 ArputHNot Ox Aliments v. (R.), There is no real
diluent but water; every fluid is diluent as it contains
water in it. 1757 Jonnstone in Phil. Trans. L. 546 To
drink plentifully of thin broths, and other soft diluent
liquors. 1833 E. Firzceratp Le?t. hee) I. 20 None of
the washy, diluent effects of green vegetables. 1884 H. W.
Beecuer in Chr. World Pulpit XXV. 234 As men mix
strong wines with diluent water:
2. That has the property of dissolving ; solvent.
1878 Moztey Zss. II. 379 (Argt. Design) A rule much
more diluent of all certainty.
. 5b.
1. That which dilutes, dissolves, or makes more
fluid ; a diluting agent ; a solvent.
1775 Sir E. Barry Observ. Wines 392 This is the universal
diluent. 1827 Abernetuy Sug. Wks. 1. 31The pancreatic
juice has been considered as an useful and necessary diluent.
1856 R. A. VauGHAN J/ystics (1860) I. 215 A chemist might
call the former the sublimate, the latter the diluent, of the
Actual. 1878 Moztey E£ss. II. 382 (Argt. Design) They
are dissolved as soon as they enter this strong diluent.
2. sfec. A substance which increases the propor-
tion of water in the blood and other bodily
fluids.
172t Baitey, Délvents .. medicines serving to thin the
blood. 1732 ArsutHnot Rides of Diet 270 Diluents, as
Water, Wisy, Tea. 1782 J. C. Smytn in Med. Commun.
I. 77 Warm diluents were. .all that were necessary for the
cure. 1861 FLo. Nicutincate Nursing 53 The patient
requires diluents for quite other purposes than quenching
the thirst. 1875 H. C. Woop Vheraf. (1879) 588 A diluent
is an indifferent substance which is absorbed and in its
passage through the body simply dilutes the various fluids
of the organism as well as the excretions.
Dilute (di-, dailizt), pf. a. [ad. L. dilit-us
diluted, weak, thin, pa. pple. f. di/uére to dissolve,
dilute, f. d¢-, dis- (Dis- 1) + /uéve to wash.]
DILUTE.
1. Weakened in consistency or strength by the
addition of water or of anything having a like
effect ; watered down.
1658 Priturs, s.v. Dilution, Wine dilute signifieth wine
that is mingled with water. ¢ 1698 Locke Cond. Underst.
$45 A large dose of dilute tea. 1757A. Coorer Distiller
1. xvi. (1760) 70 The Wash should made dilute or thin.
1843 Sir C. Scupamore Med. Visit Griifenberg 22 In the
most dilute urine, I found the evidence of saline matter.
b. sfec. of a chemical substance.
1800 Henry fit. Chem. (1808) 118 Weigh the dilute acid
employed. 1816 Accum Chem. Tests s eoacd 176 Soluble in
dilute nitric and acetic acid. 1871 B. Srewarr Heat § 129
One of dilute sulphuric acid.
ce. Of a weakened or weaker colour (as in an in-
fusion to which water is added) ; washed-out.
1665 Phil. Trans. 1. 106 After a while it [matter] .. grows
dilute and pale. 1728 Pemperton Newton's Philos. 346 The
yellow which preceded this was at first pretty good, but soon
rew dilute. 1796 Wituerinc Brit. Plants 1V. 262 Gills
xed, dilute green .. or whitish towards the edges. 1813
Pricnarp Phys. Hist. Mankind (1836) 1. 221 A much lighter,
or more dilute shade. 1860 Tyxvatt G/ac, 1. xviii. 128 And
permit the sun to shed a ghastly dilute light.
2. fig. Weak, enfeebled, poor, paltry. Ods. (exc.
as directly fig. from 1).
1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. xxv. § 12. 125 The more you
recede from the Scriptures .. the more weake and dilute are
your positions. a 1631 Donne Serm. Hosea ii. 19 (1634) 22
ow pallid, and faint, and dilute a thing all the honours of
this world are. 1664 H. More Myst. /nig. 208 It were a
dilute busimess for the Apostle to describe Antichrist onely
by the bare denial of Jesus his being the Christ. 1722
Wottaston Relig. Nat. viii. 166 The relation between the
children of these children grows more remote and dilute,
and in time wears out. 1814 Monthly Mag. XXXVI. 33
Many a work of art distilled to its essential beauties wand
keep, which putrifies in its dilute state.
Dilute (di-, dailizt), v. [f. L. di/it- ppl. stem
of dilucre: see prec. Cf. F. déluer.]
1. ¢rans, ‘To dissolve or make liquid by the addi-
tion of water, ¢sf. to make thinner or weaker by
this means, to water down ; to reduce the strength
of (a fluid) by admixture,
1664 Evetyn Aad. //ort. (1729) 207 Diluting it with a
Portion of Water. 1712 Buackmore Creation vi. (R.), By
constant weeping mix their watery store With the chyle’s
current, and dilute it more. 1791 Cowrer /dtad 1x. 251
Replenish it with wine Diluted less. 1791 HAmiLton Ber-
thollet's Dyeing 1. 1. 1. i. 5 Sulphuric acid diluted with a
very large quantity of water. 1799 (i. Smitn Laboratory
I, 270 Lay on it muscle-shell gold or silver, diluted with size.
1800 tr. Lagrange's Chem. 1. 294 Dilute one part of calcined
bones in four parts of water. 1830 M Donovan Dom. Econ.
1. 373 A small quantity of brandy, diluted with much water.
1856 Emerson Eng. /'raits, Result Wks. (Bohn) IL. 133 In
bad seasons, the porridge was diluted. 1867 W. W. Smytu
Coal & Coal-mining 223 An adequate amount of ventilation
.. to dilute and render harmless noxious gases.
tb. Aled. To treat with diluents. Oés.
1740 E. Baynarpv Health (ed. 6) 11 They cool, dilute, and
quench the thirst. 1768 Foore Devil on 2 Sticks 11. Wks.
1799 II. 275 Full power .. to pill .. dilute..and poultice,
all persons.
2. To weaken the brilliancy of (colour); to make
of a faint or washed-out hue.
1665 Hooke Wicrogr. 69 Saline refracting bodies which do
dilute the colour of the one, do deepen that of the other.
/bid. 71 There are other Blues, which .. will not be diluted
by grinding. @1727 Newron (J.), The chamber was dark,
lest these colours pea be diluted and weakened by the
mixture of any adventitious light. 1794*Home in PA#l.
Trans. LXXXYV. 3 Which by diluting the image formed in
the focus .. makes that image appear far less bight.
3. fig. To weaken, take away the strength or
force of: generally with obvious reference to the
literal sense.
©1555 Harpesrietp Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 124 These
arguments the adversaries went about to dilute and solve.
1810 Syp. Smitu “'ss., Fem. Educ. (1869) 199 Can there be
any reason why she should be diluted and enfeebled down
to a mere culler of simples? 1831 Brewster Nezwton
(1855) I. x. 225 The second dissertation..in which he
dilutes the objections made against the theory. 1852 H.
Corertwoce North. Worthies Advt. 16 The Author finds ..
nothing which he is resolved to Dilute into no meaning.
a 283 Roprxtson Serm. Ser. m. i. (1872) 2 That unreal
religion of excitement which diluted the earnestness of real
religion in the enjoyment of Hisroniog: ;
4. intr. (for ref.) ‘To suffer dilution; to become
dissolved ; to become attenuated.
1764 Reip /nguiry vi. § 22 Wks. I. 191/1 The colours of
the stone and of the cement begin to dilute into one another.
_ Diluted (di-, dailiztéed), ap/. a. [f. prec. +-Ep.]
Weakened by the addition of water or other atten-
uating admixture, watered down; reduced in
strength, colour, or characteristic quality.
1681 tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Diluted, rinsed
or washed, 1783 Mason Art of Painting 672 (R.) The
social circle, the Tinted bowl. 1800 tr. Lagrange's Chem.
II. 193 Pour diluted nitric acid over sugar. 1837 Bassace
Bridgew. Treat. vii. 90 A denser central nucleus surrounded
by a more diluted light, 1847 Emerson Poems, Bacchus
Wks. (Bohn) I. 469 We buy diluted wine. 2
Jig. 183% Cartyte Sart. Res. 11. x, Almost like diluted
ness. 1837 Emerson Addr., Amer. Schol. Wks. (Bohn)
II. 180 The rough, spontaneous conversation of men they
[congrmenl do not hear, but oars — and diluted
speech, Lecxy Ration, (1878) I. 259 A diluted and
rationalistic Catholicism. :
Dilu , adv, [f. prec. + -LY2.] Ina di-
luted or weakened manner or form,
@ 1846 Worcester cites Aled. Frni. 1870 C. B. Crarke
366
in Macm. a. 50/1 An article. .describing the same
somewhat dil '
+ Dilutement. Oés. rare—}. [f. Dine v.
+-MENT.] =Duwvrion.
1807 Soutney Rem. 1, K. White (1819) 1. 12 As if there
were not of the leaven of disqui in our natures,
without inoculating it with this dilutement—this vaccine
virus of envy.
Dilu'teness. [f. Divurz a.+-ness.] Dilute
quality ; fluidity ; thinness.
1668 Witkins Real Char. 1. xii. (R.), What that dilute-
understand
ness is which .. is more .. proper to Ft g. I
not. 1817 W. Taytor in Monthly Rev. LXXXII. 89 His
style diffuses a sort of milk and water, which is icuous
from dil » not from P y: mas }, 30 Goon
Study Med, (ed. 4) 1V. 103 The .. fluid be secreted ..
merely in a state of morbid diluteness.
Diluter (di-, dail'#taz). Also-8 -or. [f. Diture
v.+-ER!.] A person or thing that dilutes; a diluent.
1718 Quincy Compl. Disp. 233 As a Diluter, it is to be
refer'd. x Bracken Farriery Impr. (1756) 1. 39 A
iluter and Cooler of the Blood. 1746 R. James /utrod.
Mouffet’s Health's Improv. 22 These Diluters are either
Water itself, or Decoctions of animal or vegetable Sub-
stances made with Water. 1863 frnl. R. Agric. Soc.
XXIV. 11. 633 Chaff is so valuable a diluter of corn.
may
Diluting (dil'#tin), vd/. sd. [f. Dinute v. +
-ING 1] e action of the verb Dinute. (Now
chiefly gerundial.)
1665 Hooke Microgr. 58 From the composition and di-
lutings of these two. 1732 ArsutHNoT Audes of Diet 252
Mere diluting dissolves and carries off Salts.
Dilu-ting, 4f/. a. [-1nc *.] That dilutes.
1 ArsutTunot Axles of Diet 276 Diluting things are
cooling, as Whey, Water, Milk. 1 W. Bucuan Dom,
Med. 1799) 159 Drinking plentifully of diluting liquors; as
water-gruel, or oatmeal-tea, clear whey, barley-water, balm-
tea, apple-tea, 1863 J. Hannan Kelas. Div.§ Hum. Elem,
Holy Script. iii. 85 A diluting exposition. c 1865 LetHeny
in Circ. Sc. 1. 116/1 The diluting gases are marsh gas,
hydrogen, and carbonic oxide .. important constituents of
common gas. : :
Dilution (di-, doil'zfan). [n. of action f. L.
dilit- ppl. stem of dilucre to Diture: so in
mod.F., adm. by Acad. 1878.]
1. The action of diluting; a making thin, fluid,
or weaker by the admixture of water or other re-
ey! substance ; watering down.
1646 Sir T. Browne /seud. Ep. 1. xxi. 161 Water. .serv-
ing for refrigeration, dilution of solid aliment .. in the
stomacke. 1656 Biount Glossogr., Dilution .. a washing,
or clensing, a purging or clearing. 1731 ArsutHnot A/i-
ments v. (R.), Opposite to dilution is coagulation, or thick-
ning. 1 Huxtey Physiogr. 106 The activity of the
oxygen being tempered by dilution with nitrogen.
g. 3871 Mortey Voltaire (1886) 220 The Protestant
dilution of the theological spirit. 1885 Spurcron 7 reas.
Dav. Ps. cxxvi. 3 Strange dilution and defilement of Scrip-
tural language!
2. Dilute condition.
1805 W. Saunvers Min. Waters 386 Owing to the state
of very great dilution in which the earthy salt existed in
this solution. 1827 Farapvay £2. Kes. No, 41. 226 Equal
quantities. .in the same state of dilution. bie ie
3. A thing in a dilute state, that which is diluted.
1861 Emerson Soc. §& Solit., Old Age Wks. (Bohn) IIL.
131 Tobacco, coffee, alcohol .. strychnine, are weak dilu-
tions: the surest poison is time. ~ L. Srernen Hours
in Library (1892) II. i. 18 A feeble dilution of the most
wate: kind of popular teaching.
Dilutionist. [f. prec. + -1st.] In homeo-
pathy, an advocate of the use of attenuated drugs.
A dilutionist is said to be ‘ high’ or ‘low’ as he prescribes
a more or less extreme dilution of medicine.
1892 J. Evus Jers. Exper. Physician 11 Dr. Gray was
a low dilutionist .. I called on Dr. Edward Bayard, who
was a high dilutionist.
Dilutive (di-, dailiztiv), a. rare. [f. L. ditit-
ppl. stem of di/ucre to Diture: sce -1VE.] Having
the property of diluting, tending to dilute.
1620 Venner Mia Recta viii. 184 They wholly betwixt
dinner and supper abstaine from drinke, excepting onely
a Dilutiue draught.
|| Dilutum (di-, dail'#tim). Afed. [L.;= ‘that
which is diluted’, neuter pa. pple. of di/udre to
Ditute.] A dilution; a solution.
1706 Puiturs (ed. Kersey), Dilutum, an Infusion. 1750
Rutty in PAil. Trans. LI. 472 Galls added to its dilutum
in distilled water turned it of a deep blue. 1753 N. Tor-
r1ANO Gangr. Sore Throat 98, 1 then gave him a Dilutum
Cassia. os Soc. Lex. Dilutum, a liquid in which
something has been dissolved, :
+ Dilu‘ve. Oés. [a. OF. déluve, also de-, du-,
delouve (Littré), ad. L. diluvium: cf. Pr. diluvi,
dulivi, Sp. and It. diluvio, See Dever, Ditv-
vium, Dinuvy.] Z
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. ? 765 (Harl.) God dreinte all be
world at be diluve. [So ete. & Lansd.; 3 MSS. diluge,
Selden dilivio.)
Diluvial (dil'#viil), a. [ad. L. diluvial-és of
a deluge or flood, f. di/uvé-um a washing away of
the earth, flood (f. di/uére to wash in pieces, dis-
solve) : see -AL.]
1. Of or belonging to a deluge or flood, esp, to
the Flood as recorded in Genesis,
1656 Buiount Glossogr., Diluvial, of or belonging to the
Deluge or great Flood. 183: /raser’s Mag. IV, 16x The
‘ Asiatic style of oratory’ with all its tawdry tinsel .. its
diluvial verbi 1865 ‘Tytor Harly Hist. Man xi. 322
The formation of diluvial traditions. 1866 J. B. Rose Virgil
. a. Applied to the theory which explained
certain geological by ap
— luge, or to periods of catastrophic action
of water.
1816 Keatince Trav, I. Sy The Giheeiel wash hae wore
it into deep valle: Relig. Diluv. 2,
I have felt ayscil folly 2 ustified in appying the pither
positions by one or more
over a subsoil which had been dry land. sip Daxwix
i Me iv. (1873) 76 Modern geology
bani such views as the excavation of a great valley
bya single diluvial wave. fe ras
ot) Dr. Buckland, the originator of the term dilu-
vium, t a champi vial causes.
b. Of or pertaining to the di/uvium or drift-
formation of early geologists ; now generally called
the Glacial Drift. Dz/uvial clay, the boulder clay.
(For the connexion of a and b see Dituvium.)
1823 W. Bucxtann Xelig. Diluv. 38 The diluvial gravel
both of England and Germany. 1» H. Mutter O. R.
Sandst. vii. (ed. 2) 142 A deep wooded ravine cut h
a thick bed of red diluvial clay. D. Wirson Preh.
Ann. omg 1. i. 27 The closing epoch of Geology, which
embraces the diluvial formations. 1853 Puiturs Rivers
Vorksh. 289 Clay, gravel, and sand, with large boulders
scattered here and there, which were till lately termed
diluvial deposits.
u'vialist. [f. prec. +-1st.] Geol. One
who explains certain geological features by the
hypothesis of a universal deluge, or of an extra-
ordinary movement of the waters.
1838 Penny Cycl. X1. 129/1 The fanciful diluvialists, who
followed in the wake of Woodward. go Ricuarvson
Geol. ii. 45 The diluvialist, still retaining his floating ice-
bergs as the most efficient agents in the transport of drift
and erratic blocks to regions distant. 1876 Pace Adv.
Text-bk. Geol. vi. 113 Battles of opinion .. between Cosmo-
gonists, Diluvialists, and Fossilists. 1887 Athenaeum 31 Dec.
896/3 Would have delighted the heart of Murchison and
the older school of diluvialists.
Diluvian (diliz-vian), a. Also 8-9 de-. [f.
L. diluvi-um flood + -an: see DituviaL.] Of or
pertaining to a deluge; esp. of the Noachian
Flood.
1655 Evetyn Diary 28 Aug., From the calculation of
coincidence with the diluvian iod. Wuiston 7h
#arth u. (1722) 202 The Diluvian matter from two
Atmosphere contained in it a great quantity of .. stony
articles. 1703 T. N. City § C. Purchaser Prel. 3 Of the
Jiluvian Ark, mentioned Gen. 6, 1766 Pennant Zool. (1768)
1. 41 Remains which fossilists distinguish by the title of
diluvian. 1799 Kirwan Geol. Ess. 87 A shock so violent
and universal as that which aded the = during the
diluvian revolution. 1823 W. Buckianxn Xelig. Diluv.
Scattered by the violence of the diluvian waters.
Lytton S¢r, Story 11, 235 On the surface of uplands undu-
lating like diluvian billows fixed into stone in the midst of
their stormy swell. A 7
.Hence Dilu‘vianism, a theory which attributes
certain phenomena to a universal deluge.
1816 G. S. Faser Orig. Pagan Idol. 1. 272 cosmogony
of a = eng be iT bag i n
1 nitngy in Encycl. Brit. . Linguistic
phiblogy hat bean .. crashed". out of Chi’ Goals" eeearae
tions and wild deductions of earlier times, as truly as
chemistry out of alchemy, or geolog out of dil
Dilu'viate, v. Ods. In 6 de-. [ft 1. stem
of L. diluviare to flood, inundate, 7
flood.] intr. To flow in a deluge or flood. In
quot. said of the deluge of the northern barbarians
which overflowed the Roman Empire,
Sanpys Europe Spec. (1632) 1
inu dean, bane lily aunaloen over all t
Diluvia‘tion. rare. [n. of action f. prec.]
The action of a flood, inundation.
entrionall
South.
uvinm
1816 Keatince 7¥uv. (1817) VIL. 37 The ravines.. havin
=e 2 he, vu the ‘edlact of atmongberiod
the appearance of being more
diluviation.
Diluvie, var. of Dituvy, Oés.
Dilu-vion. ? Obs. rare. [ad. L. diluvion-em
inundation, flood, f. di/uére : see next and cf. AL-
LUVION.] = Dinvuviem.
18.. BuckLanp is cited by Worcester 1846.
| Diluvium (dil'#-vidm). [a. L. diluoium
flood, inundation, deluge, f. di/uére to wash to
pieces, wash away, dissolve by water : see DiLuTE.]
A term applied to superficial deposits which appear
not to have been formed by the ordinary slow
operations of water, but to be due to some extra-
ordinary action on a vast scale; such were at first
attributed to the Noachian or Universal deluge,
whence the name ; the chief of these deposits were
those of the Northern Drift or Boulder formation
at the close of the Tertiary Period, to which the
name continued to be a after the theory of
their origin was given up; it is now generally
‘applied to all masses apparently the result of
et E57 (1857) I. 265 The cliffs
. in Kaine em, (1 °
rn oJ white, excepting where they are tarnished by dilu-
a Te 2
a a ee
DILUVY.
vium falling from the tops of the cliffs. 1823 W. BuckLAND
Relig. Diluv. 2 The word diluvium..1 apply to those
extensive and general deposits of superficial loam and
gravel, which appear to have been produced by the last
reat convulsion that has affected our planet. 1832 De 1a
Soo Geol. Max. 183 The old transported gravel, or déz-
viune of Prof. Buckland. 1839 Murcuison Silur, Syst. 1.
xxxvii. 509 ‘ Diluvium’ as used by Elie de Beaumont and
the modern foreign geologists, means precisely what [ term
drift. 1849 Mrs. Somervitte Connect. Phys. Sc. x. 87
Strata containing marine diluvia..must have been formed
at the bottom of the ocean. 1862 J. Taytor in Macm.
Mag. Sept. 390 Tusks and teeth in a bed of diluvium .,
immediately incumbent on stratified beds of lias. 1873
Gemie Gt, Ice Age xxvii. 369 Ancient alluvium or dilu-
vium overlying moraine-profonde. 1874 LyeLt Students’
Geol. xi. (ed. re The term ‘ diluvium’ was for a time the
popular name of the boulder formation, because it was re-
ferred by many to the deluge of Noah, while others retained
the name as expressive of their opinion that a series .of
diluvial waves raised by hurricanes. .or by earthquakes.,
had swept over the continents, carrying with them vast
masses of mud and heavy stones.
+ Diluvy. 0és. Forms: 4-5 deluuy(e, di-
luuy, 4-6 di-, dyluuye, -ie. [ad. L. di/uvi-um
deluge ; see prec. and cf. DinuvE.] = DELUGE sé,
@1325 Prose Psalter x\v{i). 4 Pe deluuy Aes deluub]
sladep pe hous of heuen, be almy3tful halwed Noe and his.
1382 Wycuir 2 Pet. ii. 5 Bringynge in the diluuye, or greet
flood, to the world of vnpitouse men. ¢1393 CHAUCER
Scogan 14 causist pis deluuye of pestelence. c¢ 1400
Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxiv. sog Pir three sonnes of Noe after
be diluuy parted amanges pam all pe erthe. 1546 BaLe
Eng. Votaries 1. (1550) 9 , Suche vnspeakable fylthynesse. .
os beotghe vpon them the great dyluuye or vnyuersall flod.
Dilve: see Dittve.
Dilyte, Dilyuer‘e, obs. ff. Deviant, DeLiver.
Dim (dim), a. and sd. Forms: 1- dim; also
3-4 dime, 4 dyme, 4-6 dym, dymme, 5 dimm,
6 dymbe, 6-7 dimme, 7 dimn, dimb, [OEF.
dim(m = OF ris. dim, ON. dimm-r. Cf. OHG.
timbar (MHG., tember, timmer, mod.Swiss. dial.
zimmer) ‘dim, obscure, dark’, which may represent
an OTeut. *dzm-ro- and contain the same root.
Not known outside Teutonic.]
A. adj.
1, Of a light, or an illuminated object: Faintly
luminous, not clear; somewhat dark, obscure,
shadowy, gloomy. The opposite of drvzght or clear.
a@ 1000 Cedmon’s Sat. 455 (Gr.) Drihten sealde him dimne
and deorcne deabes scuwan. a 1000 Boeth. Metr. ii. 11 On
pis dimme hol. /d7d. xii. 16 Sio dimme niht. c12g0 Ger.
§ Ex, 286 Euerilc on dat helden wid him, 50 wurden mirc,
and swart, and dim. 13.. Z. E. Adlit. P. B. 472 Dryf
ouer bis dymme water, 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) Ill.
467 Whan pe day is dym and clowdy. 1398 Trevisa Barth.
De P. R. xX. v. (1495) 377 The flamme yeuyth dymme and
derke lighte. 1508 Fisher Wés. (1876) 68 O dymbe cloude.
1549 Compl, Scot. vi. 38 Fayr age the lantern of the
nycht, be cam dym ande pail. 1632 Mitton Penseroso 160
Storied windows richly dight, Casting a dim religious light.
1732 Berketey Alciphr. vt. § 31 A light, dimmer indeed, or
clearer, according to the place. c175§0 SHENSTONE Elegies
iv. r Through the dim veil of ev’ning’s dusky shade. 1820
Suettey Witch AtZ, xii. 2 Her beauty made The bright
world dim. 1860 Tynpatt Glac. 1. ii. 16 The oftener light
is reflected the dimmer it becomes.
b. fig. esp. of qualities usually clear or bright.
a@ 1000 Cxdmon’s Gen, 685(Gr.) Hio speon hine on da dim-
man ded. ¢1325 Metr. Hom, 111 ‘That .. did awai his
dedes dim, And mad an hali man of him. c1400 Rom. Rose
5353 Love is .. whilom dymme, & whilom clere. 1661-98
Soyrn 12 Serm. III. 287 Man’s..Understanding must now
be contented with the poor, dimn Light of Faith. 1817-8
Suettey Kos. § Hel, 692 Public hope grew pale and dim,
1874 Mortey Compromise (1886) 36 The old hopes have
grown pale, the old fears dim.
2. Not clear to the sight ; obscured by an inter-
vening imperfectly transparent medium, by distance,
or by blurring of the surface; scarcely visible, in-
distinct, faint ; misty, hazy.
¢ 1000 Martyrology (E. E. T. S.) 46 Seo byrgen is bewrigen
mid dimmum stanum ond yfellicum. 1632 SANDERSON Se777.
436 Dimme and confused and scarce legible. 1651 Hoppers
eviath, 1. ii. 5 At a great distance of place, that which
wee look at appears dimme. 1654 Futter Tivo Seri. 58
Civilized Pagans. .have scowred over the dimme inscription
of the Mo: Law that it appeared plaine unto them. 1818
Suettey Lxgan. Hills 19 The dim low line before Of a dark
and distant shore Still recedes. 1856 SranLey Sinai § Pal.
i. (1858) 69 One more glimpse of Egypt dim in the distance.
b. fig. Not clear to the mind or understanding ;
obscure, faint.
1350 Leg. Rood (2871) 93 Vnto me es pis mater dym.
¢1440 Promp, Parv, 121 Dymme, or harde to vndyrstonde,
misticus. 1587 FLeminc Contu, Holinshed 111. 1965/2 Like
to be buried in the dimme booke of obliuion. 182r Lame
Elia Ser. 1. Old §& New Schooim., | have most dim appre-
hensions of the four great monarchies. 1836 KincsLry
Lett. (1878) I. 33 There were dim workings of a mighty
spirit within. 1871 R. Extis Catudlus \xviii. 52 (so) A
memory dim,
3. Of colour: Not bright ; dull, faint ; dusky or
dark ; lustreless.
a1250 Owl & Night. 577 Thu art dim, an of fule howe.
1535 Coverv. Lam. iv. 1 O, how is the golde become so
dymme? 1563 W. Futke Meteors (1640) 36 For the Rayne-
bow is more dimme, and of purple colour. 16rx SHaks. Wind,
7. 1v. iy. 119 Violets dim, But sweeter than the lids of Juno’s
eyes. 1728 Younc Love ame v. (1757) 127 Others, with
curious arts, dim charms revive. 1887 STEVENSON Under-
woods 1. iii. 5 All retired and shady spots Where prosper
dim forget-me-nots,
867
4. Not seeing clearly, having the eyesight dulled
and indistinct.
a 1220 Bestiary 60 Siden his flizt is al unstrong, and his
ejen dimme. a@1300 Cursor M. 3570 (Cott.) pe freli fax
[biginnes] to fal of him, And pe sight to wax well dim,
¢ 1422 Hoccieve Learn to Die 228 Myn yen been al dymme
and dirke. CoverDALe Eccé. xii. 2 The sight of the
wyndowes shal waxe dymme. 1577 Zest. 12 Patriarchs
(1604) 17 Jacob..somewhat dim for age. 1636 MassincEeR
Gt, Dk. Florence m. i, I am dim, sir; But he’s sharp-
sighted. 1766 Forpyce Serm. Vng. Wom. (1767) IL. vili.
8 Unheeded by the dim inattentive eye. 1842 TENNYSON
Two Voices 151 Whose eyes are dim with glorious tears.
b. fig. Not clearly apprehending; dull of ap-
prehension.
a 1729 J. RoGers Serm. (J.), The understanding is dim,
and cannot by its natural light discover spiritual truth.
1731 Fiecpinc Grub Str. Op. Introd., Men’s sense is dimmer
than their eyes. 1878 B, T'ayvtor Deukalion 1. iv. 33 Teach
your dim desire A form whereby to know itself and seek.
5. transf. Of sound, and esp. of the voice: In-
distinct, faint.
1386 Cuaucer Axt.’s 7. 1575 He herde a murmurynge
Ful lowe and dym. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. v. xxi,
(1495) 128 They that haue grete tongues haue dymme voyce.
c14so St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 3672 His speche was bathe
short and dym. 1795 SoutHEy lis. Maid of Orleans 1.
124 The damp ean gave A dim sound as they pass’d.
1817 SHELLEY Marianne’s Dream 40 She then did hear
The sound as of a dim low clanging.
B. sé. Dimness; obscurity; dusk.
cx400 Destr. Troy 755 The day vp droghe & the dym
voidet. ¢1430 Hymns Virg. (1867) 53 He liztnep his folk
in dym. 1509 Parl. Deuylles xciii, Quod Symeon, ‘he
ees his folke in dym Where as derkenes shedeth
theyr states’. 1857 HEAvysEGE Sazd (1869) 87 ‘lo sit were
pleasant, in the dim.
b. Dimness of vision.
1726 Law Chr. Perfect. i. 30 Further than the Dim of
Eyes of Flesh can carry our Views.
+ C. adv. Dimly, faintly, indistinctly. Ods.
1393 Gower Conf. II. 293 He herde a vois, which cried
dimme. 1821 SHELLEY Adonazs liv, That Light..Which..
Burns bright or dim, as each are mirrors of ‘The fire.
D. Comb. a. adverbial, as dém-brooding, -col-
oured, -discovered, -gleaming, -grey, -lighted, -lit
(-litten), -remembered, -seen, -yellow, etc. b. para~
synthetic, as dzm-browed, -eyed, -lettered, -sheeted,
DIM-SIGHTED.
1837 CarLyLe 7”. Rev. I, 1v. iv. 166 The whole Future is
there, and Destiny “dim-brooding. 1776 Micke tr. Ca-
moens’ Lusiad 43 And night, ascending from the *dim-
brow’d east. ¢1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xvii. 79 Pai er mare
*dymme coloured pan pe cristall. 1746 Cottins Ode to
Evening x, Hamlets brown, and *dim-discover'd spires.
1627-47 FeLttHaM Resolves 1. xcvi. 302 The ghessive inter-
retations of *dim-ey’d man. 1829 CaRLYLE Misc. (1857)
. 273 The public is a dim-eyed animal. 1840 CLouGcH
Early Poems v. 11 Through the *dim-lit inter-space. 1870
Morris Earthly Par. 11, 11. g After the weary tossing of
the night And close *dim-litten chamber. 1827 Moir Dead
Eagle ii, Down, whirling .. to the *dim-seen plain. 1859
Tennyson £xzd 600 Fair head in the *dim-yellow light.
Dim, v. [f. Dit a.: OF. had the compounds
adimmian, fordimmian, ON. the intr. dima to
become dim; the simple vb. is found from 13th c.]
1. intr. To grow or become dim; to lose bright-
ness or clearness. /2¢. and fig.
@ 1300 Christ on Cross7 in E. E. P. (1862) 20 His fair lere
falowip and dimmib is sizte. @ 1300 Cursor 1. 23695 (Cott.),
Mani flurs..pat neuermar sal dime ne duine. c 1400 Dest”.
Troy 9932 The day ouerdrogh, dymmet the skewis. 1607
Brewer Lingua i. viii, Suddenly mine eyes began to dim.
?exr71o 29E. Warp Welsh-monster 28 My Lady’s Beauty,
tho’ divine, Would dim, without the Muses shine. 1814
Byron Lara. xii, The lone light Dimm’d in the lamp.
1871 B. Tayitor Faust (1875) Il. 1v. ii, 250 The near
horizon dims.
2. trans. To make dim, obscure, or dull; to
render less clear, or distinct ; to becloud (the eyes).
[c888 K. AEtrrep Boeth. xxiv. § 4 Deah heora mod .. sie
adimmad.] a1300 /. £. Psalter \xviii. 24 Dimmed be pair
eghen, pat pai ne se. c1400 Song Roland 580 Dew diskid
adoun and dymmyd the floures. c1440 Promp, Parv. 121
Dymmyn, or make dymme, odscuvo. 1530 PAtsGR. 516/3,
I dymme the coloure or beautye of a thyng. .Se howe these
torches have dymmed this gylting. 1592 Davies /smort.
Soul xxxt, viii. (1714) 109 As Lightning, or the Sut-beams
dim the Sight. 175r Jounson Rambler No. 184 P1 The
writer of essays .. seldom .. dims his eyes with the perusal
of antiquated volumes. 1820 W. Irvine Sketch Bk. 1.
202 The light streamed through windows dimmed with
armorial bearings. 1836 Lanpor Pericles § Asp. LI. 393 The
mirror is too close to our eyes, and our own breath dims it.
. J.
1 Pilger. Perf, (W. de W. 1531) 35b, It dymmeth or
maketh derke theyr lytell holynesse. _1659 B. Harris Pavi-
val's Iron Age 109 Forced the Conquerours to retreat, and
in some sort, dimmed their Triumph. 1840 Kincs.ey Let?
(1878) I. 49 My natural feelings of the just and the beautiful
have been dimmed by neglect. 1851 D. G. Mitcnett Fresh
Glean. 275 Its quaint houses .. are dimmed to memory by
the fresher recollections of that beautiful river.
+ Dim. Oés. Abbreviation of L. d/médium half.
1477 Churchw. Acc. Croscombe (Somerset Rec. Soc.) 6 Hath
in his hands of the Cherche lede one ewt, dim, iiij lb. 1634-
Brereton 7'rav. (1844) 22 Adorned with stones a yard an
dim. high. /é/d,180 A vault or gallery about one yd, or one
yd. and dim, wide.
Dim., dimin. (J/us.), abbrev. of DIMINUENDO.
Dim, obs. form of DEE 2,
e’sic, a. Chem.: see Di-2 2d.
1876 Hartey Mat, Med, 66 Dimagnesic pyro-phosphate.
DIME.
eo (daimegnétait). Mn. [f. Di-2
twice + MaGnetirE.] A mineral consisting mainly
of ferroso-ferric oxide, occurring in rhombic prisms,
regarded by Dana as a pseudomorph of magnetite
after lievrite (Watts).
1852 A mer. Frnl. Sc. Ser. u. XIII. 392 Dimagnetite. 1868
Dana Min, (1880) 151 Dimagnetite of Shepard..appears to
be a magnetite pseudomorph.
+ Dima‘ne, v. Ovs. Also 6 dimaine, -mayne.
[ad. L. dimanda-re to flow different ways, spread
abroad, f. dz-, dés- apart + manare to flow.] intr.
To flow forth from ; to spring, originate, or derive
its origin from.
1610 W. FotKxincHam Art of Survey Ep. Ded. 1 Merits
dimayning from the sacred Source of true Nobility. /dzd.
1. vi. 12 Springs dimayning from thicke sand. . gather mudde.
1642 W. Batt Caveat for Subjects 8 Motion and Feeling di-
mane from the Braine. 1657 Hawke Ailing is M. 10 By
the Right of Warre, and by the consent of the people, which
two Titles dimane also from the Divine providence.
Dima‘nganous, a. Chem. See Di-2 2d.
1881 Watts Dict. Chem. 3rd Suppl. 1. 1600 An anhydrous
dimanganous phosphate, Mnz (PO; H)2. :
Dimaris (dimaris). Zogic. The mnemonic
term designating the third mood of the fourth
figure of syllogisms, in which the major premiss
is a particular affirmative (2), the minor a universal
affirmative (a), and the conclusion a particular
affirmative (2). Formerly called drzmatis, dimatis.
The initial @ indicates that the mood can be reduced to
Darii by () transposition of the premisses, and (s) simple
conversion of the conclusion.
1827 WuateEty Logic ii. 111. § 4, 1864 Bowen Logic vii.
200, 1891 WELTON Logic I. 1. iil. § 137. 403 Disnaris, An
example is ‘Some parallelograms are squares; all squares
are regular figures; therefore, some regular figures are
parallelograms’. ; ara
Bimastigate (doime:stigét), 2. Zool. [f. Di-*
twice + Gr. paotry-(uaorrg) whip +-ATE* 2: cf. L.
mastigatus whipped.] Having two flagella; bi-
flagellate; applied to those flagellate Infusoria
(Dimastiga) which have two flagella.
Dimatis, earlier form of Dimaris.
Di'mber, «. Rogues’ Cant. Pretty.
1671 R. Heap Eng. Nogue 1. v. (1874) 48 (Farmer), 1692
Cores, Dimber (canting) pretty. ax17z00 B. E. Dict. Cant.
Crew, Dimber, pretty. Dim{éer]-mort, a pretty Wench,
1837 Disragut Venetia 1. xiv., ‘’Tis a dimber cove’,
whispered one of the younger men toa companion. /é/d.
Tip me the clank like a dimber mort. : ;
Hence Dimber-damber, a captain of thieves or
vagrants.
1671 R. Heap Eng. Rogue t. v. (1874) 48 (Farmer). 1834
H. Arnswortu Rookwood un. v. (Farmer), Dick Turpin must
be one of us. He shall be our Dimber Damber. 1890 Dazly
News 1 Feb. 4/7. ;
Bimble (dimb’l). Ods. exc. dial. [Of un-
certain origin, possibly a deriy. or comb. of Dim,
gloom or obscurity being a usual attribute ; con-
nexion with D1nG_e is also possible. The midland
districts (e. g. Leicester, Derby, Warwick, Shropsh.)
retain the word, usually in the form duméble, occa
sionally druméb/le.]
A deep and shady dell or hollow, a dingle.
1589 R. Ropinson Gold. Mirr.(Chetham Soc.) 5 Eccho ..
That liues in woodes, And rocky ragged tours, and Dales
with Dymbles deep. 1612 Drayton Poly-old. ii. 27 Satyres
that in shades and gloomy dimbles dwell. 1622 /é2¢. xxviii.
(748) 378 Dimbles hid from day. 1637 B. Jonson Sad
Sheph. i. vii, Within a gloomy dimble, she doth dwell
Downe in a pitt, ore-growne with brakes and briars. 1879
Miss Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk., Dumblehole; also
Drumble, a rough wooded dip in the ground; a dingle.
1881 Leicester Gloss., Dimble, a dingle, dell.
Dime (daim), sd. Forms: 4-5 dyme, (5 des-
(s)ime, dyeme), 5-6 dysme, 5-9 disme, 6 dism,
desme, deeme, deme, 6-9 dime. [a. OF. d/sme,
dime :—L. decima tithe, tenth part, fem. of dece-
mus tenth.]
+1. A tenth part, a tithe paid to the church or to
a temporal ruler. Ods. or //ist.
1377 Lane. P. Pd. B. xv. 526 Take her landes, 3e lordes,
and let hem lyue by dymes. c1380 Wyciir Ws, (1880) 418
Pat parizschens shulden drawe fro persouns offeringis &
dymes. 1399 Pol. Poems (Rolls) I. 412 His purvyours toke,
withoute preiere at a parliament, a poundage.. and a fif-
teneth and a dyme eke. 1460 Fortescur Ads. & Lin,
Mon, xii. (1885) 139 Owre commons .. give to thair kynge,
at somme tymes quinsimes and dessimes (MS. Digby 145
dismes.] 1494 Fasyan Chron. v1. cxlviii. 134 That he myght
leuy certayne dymys to wage therwith souldyours. 1502
Ord, Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) u. xvii. 131 He fasted,
he payed the demes, he gaue almesse. 1563-87 Foxe A. & M/.
(1684) I. 7999/2 The Cardinal sued a Pardon from Rome, to be
freed from all Disms, due to the King by the Church of
Winchester. 1580 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 4a Now Sylla
consecrating the dismes of all his goods unto Hercules [etc.].
a 1618 RateicH Rem. 50 In his forty ninth year he had a
disme and a fifteenth granted him freely. 1659 Howett
Lexicon ¥r, Prov. 27 From all tymes it was ordained to pa
dimes or tithes unto the Lord. 1884 L. OxrpHant Haifa
(1887) 133 ‘The dime .. has heretofore been the share of the
government. : .
b. fig. A ‘tithe’ of war, a tenth man sacrificed.
1606 Suaks. 77. § Cv. 11. ii. 19 Euery tythe soule ’mongst
many thousand dismes, Hath bin as deere as Helen.
2. A silver coin of the United States of America,
of the value of 10 cents, or 75 of a dollar,
DIME.
1786 Ord. Continent. Congress U.S. 8 Aug., Mills, Cents,
Diees, aioe. 1809 Kenvatt 77az. 1. svi, — Dimes
or tenth parts are mentioned by writers, but never enter into
accounts, 82x ‘I’. Jerrerson Autobiog. Writ. 1892 1. 75
The division into dimes, cents and mills is now. .well under-
stood. 1872 0.W. Hotmes Poet Break/.-t. xii. (1885) 320 Not
bad, my ain! Price one dime. 1893 Boston (Mass)
Frnl. 1 Apr. 6/3 The so-called middle-c .. the people
who are accustomed to count their nickels and dimes as
well as their dollars. -
b. attrib. Costing a dime; as in dime novel,
ee especially to a cheap sensational novel :
cf. Penny dreadful, shilling shocker.
1879 H. GeorGe Progr. §& Pov. x. ii. (1881) 443 The boy
who reads dime novels wants to be a pirate. tebe Century
Mag. XXV. 212/1 You are as bad as a dime novel. 1892
Daily News be ar. 2/5 ‘The nuisance of ‘dime shows’ as
they are called in America.
e, v. Obs. rare. Also 5 dyme, 7 disme.
[a. F. dime-r, OF. dismer, diesmer=Pr. desmar,
Sp. dezmar, Pg. dezimar, It. decimare:—L. deci-
mare to take a tithe, (later) to pay tithes, f. decima:
see prec.] trans. a. To take a tenth part of, to
tithe. b. To divide into tenths.
1483 Caxton Gold, Leg. 64b/2 He shall taske and dyme
your corn and sheues. 1620 W. FoLkinGuaM Art of Survey
i, iv. 52 Disme or deuide each foote of the Rule. .into deci-
mals or Tenths, _ ;
Hence + Ditmable (in 5 dym(e able) a., tithable.
1489 ?/umpton Corr. 61 It is not the Kyngs mynd to ses
veuyeearts land, and we have no suit land, but it is dym-
able,
Dime, obs. form of Dis a. and v.
Dimediate, obs. form of Dimmr1aTe.
+ Dime‘nse, s/. Obs [ad. med.L. dimens-um
q.v. below.] A space measured out, an extent.
1632 Lirucow 7'raz. x. 426 Having compassed all Europe,
our Resolution, was to borrow a larger dimmense [1682 di-
mense] of ground in Affricke.
+Dime‘nse, 7. O/s. [f. L. dimens- ppl. stem
of dimetiri to measure out, f. d7-, dis- (Dis- 1) +
metiri to measure.) ¢rans. To measure out,
a 1641 Br. Mountacu Acts & Mon. (1642) 217 It sufficeth
some, to have things delivered unto them in a generality,
which others must have dimensed out unto them .. peece
after peece. : :
Dimension (dime‘nfan), 5. Also 5-6 dy-,
-sioun, -cion, -cyon, 6-7 dimention, 7 demen-
sion, -tion. [a. F. dimension (1425 in Hatz.-
Darm.), ad. L. dimenston-em, n. of action from
dimetirt (ppl. stem d7mens-: sce prec.]
1. The action of measuring, measurement. Oés.
1555 Even Decades 243 Accordynge to the ordinarie ac-
coumpte and dimension which the pylotes and cosmo-
graphers doo make. 1 Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 80
Things infinite, I see, Brooke no dimension. 1656 STANLEY
Hist, Philos, (1701) 183/2 If a Man pursue it [geometry] not
only for Mechanical Dimension, but that he may by the
help thereof ascend [etc]. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 97
‘Taking such dimensions as would enable me to make an
accurate model. .of the rock.
+b. Aus. The division of a longer note into
shorter notes, constituting ‘time’ or rhythm; //.
‘measures’, measured strains. Ods.
1597 Mortey /ntrod. Mus. 13 PAi. What call they time?
Ma, ‘The dimension of the Breefe by semibreeues. 16
Bratuwatir Arcad. 7’r. 1,165 Harmonious reports in these
Musicall dimensions.
2. Measurable or spatial extent of any Kind,
as length, breadth, thickness, area, volume; mea-
surement, measure, magnitude, size. (Now com-
monly in plural: cf. proportions.) Also fig. Mag-
nitude, extent, degree (of an abstract thing).
1529 More Dyaloge uu. Wks. 188/1 Though thei be not
cyrcumscribed in place, for lack of bodily Spmencios and
measuring, yet are .. angels .. diffinitively so placed where
thei be for the time. 1 Davies Orchestra xcv, Whose
quick eyes doe explore ‘The just dimension both of earth
and heaven, 1615 J. Srernens Satyr. /ss, 292 Confounding
(like a bad Logician) the forme and the dimention. 165
Hosses Leviath, 11. xxxiv. 208 Whatsoever has dimension,
is Body. 1660 Barrow £uclid 1. xxxv. Schol., The dimen-
sion of any Parallelogram is found out by this Theorem.
1663 Gerster Connse/ 6 He will never rightly describe the
di ions of solid Bodies. .his Circles will seem Ovals in
Breadth, and his Ovals Circles. 1667 Mivron P. 1. 1.
893 A dark Iilimitable Ocean without bound, Without
dimension, where length, breadth, and highth, And time
and place are lost. a1745 Swirr (J.), My gentleman was
measuring my walls, and taking the dimensions of the room.
1756 Burke Sudl. §& Bu. vii, Greatness of dimension is a
powerful cause of the sublime. 1772 Hist. Rochester 44
All the beams .. ought to be of large dimensions. 1847
Emerson Kepr. Alen, Shaks, Wks. (Bohn) 1. ‘That
imagination which dilates the closet he writes in to the
world’s dimension. Law Times XCV. 104/2 Posts of
the dimensions of 3 in. by 24 in. :
Jig. 1660 Hickerincit, Jamaica (1661) 51 The Expedi-
tion against Hispaniola; .. ‘The Dimensions of this great
Preparati male: ding the difficulties. 1676 Harr
Contempl. 1. 106 ‘The Afflictions of his Soul .. were of a
higher Dimension in the Garden. 1889 Padi A/ail G. 17 Oct.
2/3 That passion for athletics which in ford has now
| reached the di ions of a mania.
+ b. ¢ransf. Extension in time, duration.
1605 Br. Anprewes Serm. I. 170 The cross ,. is mors
ey a death of dimensions, a death long in dying. 1677
ALE Prim. Orig. Man. Ww. il. We have no reason to
imagin that the sixth day was of any other dimension than
the seventh day.
3. Math, a. Geom, A mode of linear measure-
°
368
ment, magnitude, or in a particular
direction ; usually as co-existing with similar mea-
surements or extensions in other directions.
The three dimensions of a body, or of ordinary space, are
length, breadth, and thickness ae ); a surface has
only two dimensions (length and ith); a line only one
(length). Here the notion of measurement or magnitude
is commonly lost, and the word d merely a particul:
mode of spatial extension. Modern mathemati have
——— as to the possibility of more than three dimen-
sions ‘
1413 Pilgr. Sowdle (Caxton 1483) v. xiv. 107 Ther is no body
parfit wit thre dy i that is breede, lengthe,
and depnesse. ¢ 1430 Art of Nombryng (E.E.T.S.) 14 Alyne
hathe but one dymensioun that is to sey after the lengthe..
a superficialle t) hynge hathe .2. dimensions, pat is to sey
lengthe and brede. 1570 Butincstey Euclid 1. def. ii. x
There pertaine to quantitie three dimensions, len; bredth,
andthicknes. 1635 N. Carpenter Geog. Ded. u. ii. 14 These
two Dimensions are length and breadth, whereof eue:
plaine figure consists. 1794 Suttivan View Nat. I. 100 All
pbysee magnitude must have three dimensions, length,
readth, and thickness. 1858 WHewe tt Hist. Sci. Ideas 11.
viii. §§ 4-5 (L.) Time is conceived as a quantity of one
dimension. . Indeed the analogy between time, and space of
one dimension, is so close, that the same terms are applied
to both ideas. /é7d. vi. The eye. .sees length and breadth,
but no third dimension. In order to know that there are
solids, we must infer as well as see. 1873 CLirrorp Pure
Sciences in Contemp. Rev. Oct. (1874) 716 Out of space of
two dimensions, as we call it, I have made space of three
dimensions. 1878 Stewart & Tait Unseen Univ. vii. § 220.
221 Suppose our (essentially three-dimensional) matter to be
the mere skin or boundary of an Unseen whose matter has
four dimensions.
b. Alg. Since the product of two, or of three,
quantities, each denoting a length (i.e. a magnitude
of one dimension), represents an area or a volume
(i.e. a magnitude of two, or of three, dimensions),
such products themselves are said to be of so many
dimensions ; and generally, the number of dimen-
sions of a product is the number of the (unknown
or variable) quantities contained in it as factors
(known or constant quantities being reckoned of no
dimensions) ; any power of a quantity being of the
dimensions denoted by its index. (Thus .°, xy,
ayz are each of three dimensions.) The dimensions
of an expression or equation are those of the term
of highest dimensions in it. (The number of di-
mensions corresponds to the degree of a quantity or
equation: see DEGREE sé. 13.)
1557 Recorpve Whetst. Hij, The nomber that doeth
amounte thereof (3 x 3 X 3) hath gotten 3. dimensiones, whiche
roperly belongeth to a ie, or sound forme. And ther-
fore is it called a Cube, or Cubike nomber. 1690 LeysourN
Curs. Math, 334 Every Power hath so many Dimensions as
the Letters wherewith it is written. 1 W. Jones Syn.
Palmar, Mathescos 40 The Quantity produc'd by the Mul-
tiplication of ‘I'wo, Three, etc. Quantities, is said to be of
Two, Three, etc. Dimensions. 1806 Hutton Course Math.
I. 190 To find the Greatest Common Measure of the Terms
of a Fraction... Range the quantities according to the dimen-
sions of some letters. ¢ 1865 in Circ. Sc. 1. 476/1 When the
.. equations are .. of two dimensions. :
+4. Measurable form or frame; //. material parts,
as of the human body ; ‘proportions *. Ods.
1596 Suaks. Merch. V. m1. i. 62 Hath not a lew hands,
organs, dementions, sences, affections, passions? 1601 —
Twel. N.1. v. 280, 1..know him noble.. And in dimension,
and the shape of nature, A gracious person. 1605 — Lear
1. ii. 7 My dimensions are as well compact, My minde
as generous, and my hogy 93 as true. 1634 W. Woop New
Eng. Prosp. 1. viii, The Humbird is .. no bigger than a
Hornet, yet hath all the dimensions of a Bird, as bill, and
wings, with quills, spider-like legges, small clawes. 1667
Micton ?. £1. 793 In thir own d ions like th Ives
The great Seraphic Lords and Cherubim In close recess
and secret conclave sat. :
Wie. 1653 A. WiLson Yas. / 162 The Younger having all the
imensions of a Courtier. 1660 WArernouse Arms § Arm,
28 Nations, whose polity had all the dimensions of order in it.
5. Comb., as dimension-lumber, -timber,
-stone, i.e. that which is cut to specified dimen-
sions or size; dimension-work, masonry built of
‘dimension-stones’, (Chiefly U.S.)
1864 ‘THoreau Cafe Cod vii. (1894) 156 Houses built of
what is called ‘dimension timber’, imported from Maine, all
ready to be set up. 1874 Knicut Dict, Mech., Dimension
Lumber, lumber sawed to ific sizes to hi
v. rare. [f. prec. sb.) é¢rans.
To measure or space out; to reduce to measure-
ment.
1754 H. Watrore Le@t. I. 335 (D.), I propose to break and
enliven it by compartments in colours, according to the en-
closed sketch, which you must adjust and dimension.
Dime'nsionable, @. xonce-wd. [f. prec. +
-ABLE: cf. companionable] Capable of being
measured ; having dimensions.
1884 E. A. Annott Flatland u. xix. 87 Some yet more
spacious Space, some more di ionable Di lity.
Dimensional (dime'nfonal), a. [f. Diwension
sb, + -AL.]
1. Of or pertaining to dimension or magnitude.
1816 Keatince 7vav, (1817) 1. 66 note, About the same
relative situation and di i proportion, 1888 J. T.
Guuick in Linn, Soc. Frnd. XX. 234 If structural or dimen-
sional ch are not cor
2. Geom. Of or relating to (a specified number
of) dimensions ; see DIMENSION 3 a.
1875 Cayiey in Phil. Trans. CLXV. 675 Coordinates of
DIMENSURATION.
point in (s+1)-dii . 1880 A. Oct.
aa mee me po Academy ¥ .
tetrahedroids. ae ean Unipl. Ki - 116 The
general, or three dimensional, motion of a rigid body. 1883
American Vil. 75 We can, I think, conceive of space as
being two or even one dimensional
Hence Dimensiona‘lity, the condition of havi
of) dimensions ; dimensi
quality.
1875 Caytey in Phil. Trans. CLXV. 675 The notion of
density is d dent on the di ionality of the el
of volume d a. E. A. Assotr Flatland u. xxii. 101
A race of rebels who 1 refuse to be confined to limited
Dimensionality.
+ Dimensionate, v. Ods. rare. [f. L. dimen-
sion-em DIMENSION +-ATE% 7.] trans. To give or
lay down the dimensions of.
14.. Harl. MS, 2261 Mf. 217 b, In whiche bookes he
dimencionate the worlde clerely with his contentes.
(dime‘nfand), pi. a. t Dr-
MENSION + -ED2.] +a. Having material ‘ dimen-
sion’ or extension (cf. DrmEnsion 56. 2, 4). Obs.
b. Having a particular dimension or measurement.
ce. Geom, Having (a specified number of) dimen-
sions: see DIMENSION 5. 3a. *
ang Terais Supper of Lord in More's Answ. Poysoned
Bk, Wks. (1557) 1092/1 Inuisible wyth al hys dymencioned
| body vnder the forme of breade transubstanciated into it.
| duced in this singly dimensioned
1725 Pore Odyss. xix. 276 A mantle purple-tinged, and
ay A vest, Dostana equal to his A i 1882 Procror
Fam, Science Stud. 15 While a line could be infinitely pro-
i world, the world itself -
would be finite. 1884 E. A. Assotr //atland 86 Look down
-. upon this land of Three Dimensions, and see the inside
of every three-dimensioned
a. [f. as prec. + -LESS.)
1. a. Without dimension or physical extension.
b. Of no (appreciable) magnitude ; extremely mi-
| nute. ¢. Without dimensions: see DIMENSION 3 a.
| starrs in sky We know
1667 Mitton P. LZ. x1. 17 To Heav'n thir spss Flew up
..in they pass’d Dimentionless through Heav'nly dores.
1752 Warsurton Was. (1811) IX. ii. 34 As the Earth is but a
point compared to the orb of Saturn, so the orb of Saturn
itself grows di ionless when compared to that vast extent
of space which the stellar-solar Systems possess. 1825
Coeripce Aids rik of App. C. (1858) I. 304 If we assume
the time as excluded, the line vanishes, and we leave space
dimensionless. 1890 J. H. Stirtinc Gifford Lect. viii. 150
With our scales and weights .. measuring-rods, we do
but deceive ourselves: what is, is dimensionless: the truth is
not in time; space is all too short for a ladder to the Throne.
2. Measureless, immense, boundless, vast.
1813 Hoca in New Monthly Mag. (1836) XLVI. 446 Here,
in these almost dimensionless regions, nature is seen on a
large scale. a1839 Gatt Demon of Destiny mu. (1840) 28
As if man were not but an atom thing In the dimensionless,
the Universe. —
+ Dimensious, a. Ods. rare—'. Also -tious.
[f. Dimension: see -10us. Cf. pretentious, reli-
gious, suspicious.) Waving (great) dimension or
magnitude ; spacious, extensive.
1632 Litucow 7rav. x. 507 The generall computation of
to
which di S| is {etc.}.
. Obs. rare—". [f.
+ Dime'nsi L. dimens-us,
after 7mmenstty.| Dimension, py ey
c1645 Howerit Left. (1655) IV. xliv, If of the smallest
not the dimensity.
‘ve (dime‘nsiv), a. Now rare or Obs.
[f. L. dimens- ppl. stem (see DIMENSE 7.) +-IVB.]
+1. Having, or related to, physical dimension or
extension in space. Ods.
x. 434 When the q q are
togither. 1694 R. Burrnocce Reason 106 Matter is .. the
fret eublect of di ive spacious Quantity. ;
+2. Serving to measure or trace out the dimen-
sions of something. ? Obs.
1592 Davies /memort. Soul ww. vi. (714) 35 All Bodies have
oak meen and their
But who can draw the Soul's
dimensive Lines? 1610
Peace
istrio-m. 1. 43 The very state of
shall seeme to shine In every re or dimensive
lyne.
8. Of or belonging to dimension or magnitude ;
dimensional. rare.
1845 Srocqueter Handbk. Brit. India (854) 129 A few
of the streets in the town are of great dimensions ;
.. the Chowringhee . -i8 nearly two miles long, and in
average width not less than eighty feet. . The Dhurrumtollah
is nearly equal, in dimensive this.
Hence + Dime‘nsively adv., + Dime'nsiveness.
1601 Deacon & Wacker Spirits § Divels 55 Neither spirites
nor_di (they being no corporal sub hed out
a ees eee = to be in a place com-
lie, or di rem! A
, and dimensi angelicall
|| Dimensum. Oés.
B. onson New Jun ut. i, You are to blame to use
the poor b Christians So cruelly, defraud ‘em of their
dimensut a Youre the colonel’s horse .. the devil a
He has since he came i ! Licutroor Glean.
26 The of their diet in the Wildernesse.
+Dimensura‘tion. és. [n. of action f. L.
type *dimensiirare, f. di- + mensirare to measure,
after dimetiri, dimensus, f. dé- + metiri, mensus to
measure.] Measuring out or off, measurement, _
DIMERAN
1593 Norven Sfec. Brit., M’sex. Prepar. 15 Such an ex-
pected geographicall description. .doeth require dimensura-
tion betweene euery station. 1677 PLor Ox/ordsh, To Radr.
B ij, As true as actual dimensuration .. could direct me to
put them.
So +Dime‘nsurable a., capable of being mea-
sured; + Dime‘nsurated ///. a., measured ; + Di-
me‘nsurator, an instrument for taking measure-
ments. (All ods. and rare.)
1660 Stantey Hist. Philos.(1701) 1 The point by fluxion
makes a Line, the Line ..a adh oa the Ce petlicies Bre
Body, three ways dimensurable. 1675 OciLsy Brit. Pref. 3
Dimensurators or Measuring Instruments. /d/d. (1698) 1
Shewing the dimensurated miles and furlongs answerably.
Dimeran (di‘mérin). Zyiom. [f mod.L. ai-
mera, neuter pl. of dimers (see DIMEROUS) + -AN.]
A member of the division Dzmera of hemipterous
insects, having the tarsi two-jointed.
1847 in Craic.
Dime'rcur-, -me'reuro-, -me’reury. Chem.
[Dr-2 2.] Used in comb. and attrib. to express
the presence of two equivalents of mercury.
Thus dimercurammo nium Hg: Hy. Ne, an ammoniacal
mercury base in which half the hydrogen in ammonium is
replaced’ by two atoms of divalent mercury.
1873 Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 11) 347 A brown precipitate ..
consisting of dimercurammonium iodide. 1881 Nature
XXIV. 467 Dimercury methylene iodide CH»y (Hg I)2 is
obtained by exposing methylene iodide with an excess of
mercury to the action of light.
Dimerism (di‘mériz’m). [f. mod.L. démer-us
+ -1sM.] Dimerous condition or constitution ; in
Bot, the arrangement of floral organs two in a
whorl : see next.
Dimerous (di-méras), a. [f. mod.L. démer-us
(F. démére), f. Gr. Ecpepns bipartite (f. &- twice +
Hépos part) + -ouS.] Consisting of two parts or
divisions: spec. a. LEntom. Having two joints:
applied to the tarsus of an insect. b. Bot. Of a
flower: Having two divisions or members in each
whorl. (Often written 2-merous.) Of a leaf:
Consisting of two leaflets (vave).
1826 Kirsy & Sp. Entomol. x\vii. (1828) IV. 387 Tarsi
mostly trimerous, rarely dimerous. 1845 LinpLey Sch. Bot,
viii. (1858) 129 Flowers dimerous. 1869 Sfdent II. 12 Poly-
merous leaves may be dimerous, trimerous, etc. according to
their number of meriphylls. 1872 Otiver Elem, Bot. 11. 174
Observe the dimerous symmetry of Enchanter’s Nightshade
(Circea), the parts of the flower being in twos. 1882 VINES
Sachs’ Bot. 646 True tetramerous flowers are allied .. to
those with dimerous whorls,
Dimetallic, a. Chem. [f. Di-2 2d: cf. dz-
acid, dibasic.) Containing two equivalents of a
metal.
1861 Optinc Manual of Chem. 1. 338 We have mono-
metallic, dimetallic and trimetallic compounds, represented
respectively by the formula MH»2:AsO,, M2HAsOx,, and
MgAsO,4. Of dimetallic or neutral, and trimetallic or basic
arsenates, those of the alkali-metals are alone soluble in
water.
Dimeter (di:méta1). Prosody. [a. L. dimetrus
sb., dimeter, -metrus adj., a. Gr. diperpos of two
measures, f, 5- twice + mérpov measure.] A verse
consisting of two measures, i.e. either two feet or
four feet.
1589 Purrenuam Eng. Poesie u.(Arb.) 143 In the dimeter,
made of two sillables entier. @xtréame désire. 1625 B.
Jonson Staple of N. 1v. Wks. (Rtldg.) 399/1 When he comes
forth With dimeters, and trimeters, tetrameters, Penta-
meters, hexameters, catalectics .. What is all this, but cant-
ing? 1 ‘Tyrwuitt Zss. Lang. & Versif. Chaucer 1.
§7 in ucer’'s Wks., ‘The Octosyllable Metre .. was in
reality the antient Dimeter Iambic. 1837-39 Hattam Hist.
Lit. T8497) L - The line of eight syllables, or dimeter
iambic. 1882 Goopwin Gk. Gram. 317 In most kinds of
} sag a monometer consists of one foot, a dimeter of two
feet.
Dimethyl (daime:pil). Chem. [See Di-2 2 and
Meruyt.]
1. as sd. A name of Ethane (C, H,), regarded as
two molecules of the radical methyl (CHg).
1873 Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 11) 568 A colourless gaseous
mixture containing ethane ordimethyl. 1877 Watts Fownes’
Chem. V1. 47 Ethane. This compound .. may also be re-
garded as dimethy/, or as ethyl hydride.
2. attrib. and in Comd. denoting an organic com-
pound in which two equivalents of methyl take the
place of two of hydrogen, as wimethyl ketone=
Acetone CO(CH;)., démethylaniline, Hz;N(CHs).,
one of the aniline bases, démethyl-benzene C,H,
(CH,)o, démethyl-ethyl carbinol = tertiary pentyl
alcohol, C -OH « (CHs)g+ (C, H;».
1869 Roscor Elen, Chent. 330 The secondary propyl
alcohol or dimethyl carbinol boils at 84°. 1877 Watts
Fownes’ Chem. U1. 428 Dimethyl-benzene or Xylene. 1880
FrisweEct in Soc. Arts Frul. 444 The dimethyl compound
resulting from the use of two molecules of the alcoholic
compound. | :
Dimetient (doim7fiént), a and sd. [ad. L.
dimetient-em, pr. pple. of dimetir? to measure out:
see DIMENSE.] A. adj.
+1, That measures across through the centre:
dimetient line = DIAMETER. Obs.
160r Hottann Pliny I. 15 The dimetient line, or diameter,
taketh a third part of the circumference, and little lesse
than a seuenth part. 1603 — Plutarch’s Mor, 1045 ‘That
the Diameter or Dimetient line of the earth is triple to that
Von, III.
369
of the moone. lee Artillery 1. 264 The
Orifice of the Chamber, whose Dimetient Line is exactly
4 of the whole Diameter. ; :
2. Math. That expresses the dimension.
1842 Dr Morcan Dif. & Int. Calculus 323 Usually 27
is the dimetient function of Algebra; we must come to
the consideration of transcendental quantities before we
find a function which is not of the same order as 2%, for
some value or other of a; and then between x“ and xark
may be found an infinite number of functions, higher in
dimension than the first, and lower than the second, how-
ever small & may be. ;
+ B. sb. (Short for ¢imetient line). = DIAMETER.
[1570 Bittincstey Euclid vi. xxiv. 172 In euery parallelo-
gramme, the parallelogrammes about the dimeciens are lyke
vnto the whole.] 1571 Dicces Pantom. 1. Elem. Bij b,
A Right line drawne through the Centre vnto the Circum-
ference of both sides, is named his Diameter or Dimetient.
1690 LeyBourn Cus. Math. 328 ‘The Dimetient of a Sphere.
metric (daime'trik), a. Crystallography. [f.
Gr. &-, dis twice + wérpoy measure +-1C: cf. ME-
TIC.) Applied to a system of crystals having
three axes at right angles, the two lateral axes
being equal to each other but unequal to the ver-
tical axis; = TETRAGONAL.
1868 Dana M/in. Introd. 21 The names Monometric, Di-
metric, and Trimetric, used in former editions of this work,
have been set aside .. The names want precision, the hex
gonal system being as much dimetric as the tetragonal.
Lbid. 24 Tetragonal System (also called Quadratic, Pyra-
midal, Monodimetric, Dimet:ic). 1873 /ozzes’ Chent. (ed.
11) 279 The dimetric are also very symmetrical, about three
axes at right angles to each other, |
Dimication (dimikéi-fon). Now rare. [ad.
L. dimication-em, n. of action f. dimécare to fight.]
lighting ; strife, contention.
1623 CockEerAM, Dimication, a battell. 1650 S. CLARKE
Eccl. Hist. 1. (1654) 66 In the dimication which arose about
Arius. 1660 Fisher Rusticks Alarm Wks. (1679) 229 In
thy meer demi-digested demications against them. 1884
Zimes 28 July 6 In such a continual dimication .. the de-
feated impersonations of error will be found fighting as
briskly as ever they did to-morrow.
So + Di-micate v., to fight, contend ; Dimica-
tory a. (affected or humorous, relating to fighting
or fencing.
1657 Tominson Renou's Disp. 314 When Snailes are
about to dimicate with Serpents. 1892 Sat, Nev. 2 Apr.
400/r For matters dimicatory.
Dimiceries, var. DiMIss\RIES Oés.
Dimidiate (dimi-dict,dai-),a. [ad. L. dimidiat-
us, pa. pple. of dimidzare to halve, f. dimédium half,
f. dt-, dis- asunder + medius mid, medium middle.)
1. Divided into halves; halved, half.
1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 475 Vhe dimidiate
platform of your staircase. 1825 Lamp “dia Ser. u. Pop.
Fallacies, He . allows his hero a sort of dimidiate preemi-
nence:— Bully Dawson kicked by half the town, and half
the town kicked by Bully Dawson’. 1847 Sir W. Hamitron
Let. to A. De Morgan 43 Dimidiate quantification. 1854
Hooker Himadl. Fruls. V.iii. 61 When the tree is dimidiate,
one half the green, the other the red shades of colour.
2. Bot. and Zool. a. Of an organ: Having one
part much smaller than the other, so as to appear
to be wanting. b. Split in two on one side, as the
calyptra of some mosses. ¢. Zoo/. Relating to the
lateral halves of an organism: applied to her-
maphrodites having one side male and the other
female.
1830 LinpLey Nat. Syst. Bot. 322 The dimidiate calyptra.
1 Dana Zooph. (1848) 432 Dimidiate, a tubular calicle
bisected vertically nearly to its base. 1855 OwEN Comp.
Anat. 18 (L.) Insects, like crustaceans, are occasionally
subject to one-sided or dimidiate hermaphroditism. 1863
Berketey Brit. Mosses Gloss. 312 Dimidiate, the same
with cucullate. 1880 Gray Struct, Bot. vi. § 6. 255 ‘The
anther of Gomphrena is completely unilocular by abortion
+. of the companion cell. Thus losing one half, it is said
to be dimidiate, or halved. wen,
3. Comb. in botanical terms, as dimidiate-cordate,
said of a dimidiate leaf (see 2 a) of which the full-
grown part is cordate; so dimzdiate-oblong, -obo-
void. (Sometimes written dimzdiato-cordate, etc. \
1866 Treas. Bot., Dimidiato-cordate, when the larger half
of a dimidiate leaf is cordate. 1870 Hooker Stud. Flora
329 Euphorbia peplis ..\eaves dimidiate-cordate. did. 435
Leersia orysoides .. Spikelet dimidiate-oblong.
Dimidiate (dimi-die't, dai-), v. [f ppl. stem
of L. dimidiare : see prec.
1. ¢vans. To divide into halves; to halve; to
reduce to the half.
1623 Cockeram, Dimediate, to part into two parts.
W. Sctater Civ, oe (2659) 42 Who dimidiate Christ,
would have him onely by halfes. 1 Sparke Prin,
Devot. (3663) _ Dimidiated, as ’twere by forked tongues.
1789 S. Parr Iks. (1828) VII. 412, F hope he had a com-
plete service, not mutilated and dimidiated, as it was for
poor Johnson at the Abbey.
2. Her. To cut in half; to represent only half of
(a bearing), esf. in one half of a shield party per
pale: see Dimip1aTEp, DimipraTion, Hence Di-
mi‘diating v0/. sb.
1864 Bouter. Heraldry Hist. §& Pop. xiv. § 1 (ed. 3) 146
This was styled Impaling by Dimidiation or Dimidiating.
1880 WaRREN Book-flates xii. 128. 1893 E. How ett in
Reliquary July 160 ‘The arms of the Cinque Ports, England
dimidiating azure three ships’ hulls in pale or.
‘diated, Ppl. a. [f. prec. +-ED.] Halved ;
divided into halves, or having only one half shown
DIMINISH.
or represented ; spec. in //er. of a bearing or coat
of arms. (Cf. Dimipiation, Demi B. 1.)
1572 Bossewett Armorie u. 42 Sundrie wayes they
[Lions] are borne in armes .. Dimidiated, Parted, Couped.
1647 A. Ross A/yst. Poet. iv. (1675) 98 In respect of her
[the moon's] corniculated, dimidiated, and plenary aspect.
1752 oe J: Hite Hist. Anim. 52 (Jod.) The dytiscus with
twenty dimidiated stria on the extended wings. 1864
Bourett Heraldry Hist. & Pop. xxxii. (ed. 3) 467 Or, a
dimidiated eagle to the sinister sa. 1 Proc, Soc, Anti-
guarivs X1V. 279 ‘The arms of France and Burgundy are
shown dimidiated.
Dimidiation (dimi:diéi-fon,dai-), [ad. L. dime-
diation-em,n. of action from dimidiare to halve: see
DinipiateE a.] The action of halving, or condition
of being halved ; sec. in Her. the combination or
‘marshalling’ of two coats of arms by placing side
by side the dexter half of one and the sinister half
of the other; an early form of zmpalement.
c1425 Craft Nombrynge (E. E. T.S.) 5 Per ben .7...
partes of pis craft. The first is called addicion, pe seconde
.. subtraccion. The thryd is called duplacion. ‘Ihe 4...
dimydicion. 1658 Puiturs, Vimidiation, a dividing in
the midst, a cutting into two halves. 1780 J. Epmonpson
Heraldry 179 This method of impaling arms by dimidiation
hath been for some time laid aside in England. 1847 PARKER
Gloss. Brit. Her. 113 Dimidiation, the dexter half of the
husband’s arms being joined to the sinister half of the wife’s.
1882 Cussans Handbk. Her. xii. (ed. 3) 164 Marshalling by
Dimidiation was, towards the close of the Fourteenth
Century, superseded by Impalement.
Dimilance, obs. form of DEeMI-LANCE.
Diminew, var. DiminvE v. Oés., to diminish.
Diminicion, obs. form of DiminutIon,
Diminish (dimi‘nif , v. Also 5-6 y for 7, sshe
for sh; 5-6 deminish(e, 6 Sc. dimimiss, dini-
nuse. [Formed under the joint influence of the
earlier Diminvur, F. dtmdnuer, L. diminucre, and
MInIsH, earlier menusen, OF. menuiser, L. type
*minitiare to cut small, having the prefix of
the one with the suffix of the other. Ancient
L. had diminucre to break into small pieces,
dash to pieces, and démznucre to make smaller,
lessen, reduce in size. In late L. and Romanic
the az- derivative supplanted the @é- form ; hence
the modern derivatives of L. déminuécre all have
aimin- |
I. ¢rans.
1. To make (or cause to appear) less or smaller ;
to lessen; to reduce in magnitude or degree. (The
opposite of enlarge, tncrease, augment, magnify.)
1417 in Ellis Orig. Let¢. Ser. u. 1. 61 Yf your forces be not
here alwayes soe strongly mayntayned & continued with-
out being deminished your Irish enimies . . will rise agayne.
1526 Piler. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 4 Perauenture it di-
minysshed theyr payne in hell. 1577 B. Goocr Heresbach’s
Husb. 1. (1586) 162 It greatly deminisheth the substance
of them. 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo’s Africa 1. 169 The whole
towne is diminished into one streete. 1612 Brinstey Lad.
Lit. xxiv. (1627) 268 Whatsoever may diminish his estimation
and authority. 1641 Witkins Math. Magick 1. xii. (1648)
85 The weight must. .be diminished in the same proportion.
1790 Patey ore Paul. Rom. i. 12 What diminishes very
much the suspicion of fraud. 1880 Grikie Phys. Geog. ii.
§ 8.53 The ascent of warm air must necessarily diminish
atmospheric pressure.
+b. To clip, sweat, etc.(coin). Ods.
1568 Grarron Chron. II 126 There should be no deceyt
used by diminishing or clipping y* same. 1698 LutrreLL
Brief Rel. (1857) 1V..350 A French man is committed to
Newgate for diminishing our coin.
+2. To break in pieces, break small. Ods. rare.
(class. L. diminudre.]
1607 TorseLt Four-/, Beasts (1658) 491 In Rhetia .. they
hold betwixt the fighting of Rams a stick, or bat of Corn-
tree, which in a bout or two they utterly diminish and
bruise in pieces.
3. To lessen in importance, estimation, or power ;
to put down, degrade, humiliate; to det:act from,
disparage, belittle. arch. (See also DIMINISHED 2.)
1560 Biste (Genev.) Zzeé. xxix. 15, 1 wil diminish them,
that they shal no more rule the nations. 1666 Perys Diary
24 June, He do plainly diminish the commanders put in by
the Duke, and do lessen the miscarriages of any that have
been removed by him. 1667 Mitton P. L. vit. 612 While
impiously they thought Thee to diminish, and from thee
withdraw ‘The number of thy worshippers. 1712 STEELE
Spect. No. 348 ? 2 This impertinent Humour of diminishing
every one who is produced in Conversation. 1828 Scott
F. M. Perth viii, You would have accused me of diminishing
your honour, 1880 Miss Broucuton Sec. Th. 1, vi, She ..
passes out, angered, humbled, diminished past compare.
+4. To take away (a part) from something, so
as to make it less; hence gev. to take away, sub-
tract, remove. Ods.
1504 AtkyNSon tr. De Jmitatione ww. ix, Take from our
hertis. .all that may..dimynyshe vs from thy eternall loue.
ay Fritu Disput. Purgat. 181 Neither add any thing
nor diminish. 1548 Hatt Chron, Edw. [V, 217 The..
love betwene them, washed awaie and diminished all sus-
picion. 1576 FLeminc Panof/. Epist. 24 Thus much was
diminished from the state of the empyre. 1610 SHaks.
Temp. wi. iii. 64 Your swords .. may as well Wound the
loud windes .. as diminish One dowle that’s in my plumbe.
61x Biste Dent. iv. 2 Ye shall not adde vnto the word
which I command you, neither shall you diminish ought
from it. a@1627 Haywarp (J.), Nothing was diminished
from the safety of the king by the imprisonment of the
duke,
47*
DIMINISHABLE.
+b. adsol. To abate, subtract. Ods.
the real majesty of the ceremony. 1826 R. H. Frouve Rem.
(1838) I. 74 His command ..will no more diminish from the
sum of our pleasures than [etc.]. F
+ 5. To deprive (a person) in part, to curtail of.
1559 Br. Cox in Strype Aun, Ref. 1. vi-98 If now then
the builders .. be diminished of their wages. 1609 Biste
(Douay) Ps. xxxiii. 11 They that seeke alter our Lord shal
not be diminished of any good. 1762 Gotps. Cit, W.lii, The
whole circle seemed diminished of their former importance.
6. Arch. To make (a thing) such that its succes-
sive parts in any direction are continuously less and
less; to cause to taper or progressively decrease
in size, as a tapering column: see DIMINUTION 9.
1624 Wotton Archit. (1672) 22 They [pillars] are all
diminished. .from one third part of the whole Shaft. 1797
Monthly Mag. \11. 221 The sides form the arch joints of
the bridge, and are diminished, so as to tend towards the
centre of the circle. .
7. Mus. +a. To reduce in loudness, make gra-
dually softer: cf. DiminuENnDo. Ods. b. To lessen
(an interval) by a semitone: see DmnISHED 4.
1674 PLavrorp Skill A/us. 1. xi. 43 It will work a better
effect to Tune the Voice diminishing it, rather than In-
creasing it.
II. cntr.
8. To become less or smaller ; to lessen, decrease.
1520 Caxton's Chron. Eng. nu, 11/2 Kyng Goffars people
encreased dayly and his dyminished. 1565 Eart Beprorp
in Ellis Orig. Lett, Ser. 1. I. 215 As their force dimenesshede
so dyd her Grace increace. “1700 Drvven Fables Pref.
(Globe) 495 What judgment I had increases rather than
diminishes. 1725 Pore Odyss. xiv. 284 Crete’s ample fields
iminish to our eye. 1860 Tynpatt Glac.1. ii. 16 The sound
.. diminishes in intensity, 1878 Huxtey Physiogr. 78 The air
diminished in bulk, while the quicksilver increased in weight.
b. Arch. To have its dimensions successively
smaller in the same direction ; to taper.
1715 Leont Palladio’s Archit. (1742) 1. 12 In the dimin-
ishing of them it must be observ'd, that by how much
longer they are, by so much the less they must diminish.
Diminishable (dimi-nifab’l), a. [f. prec. +
-ABLE.] Capable of being diminished or lessened.
Hence Dimi-nishableness.
1782 Kirwan in Phil. Trans. UXXII. 223 Phlogisticated
air, after it has been purified from phlogiston .. is again
diminishable by phlogistic processes. 1864 5 fectator 20 Aug.
948/1 A five years’ sentence .. being thus at best diminish-
able by..one year and three wecks. 1875 Veitcu Lucre-
tfus 33 The absolute diminishableness of the Sum of matter.
Dimiuished (dimi-nift’, sf/. a. [f. as prec.
+-ED),
1. Made smaller, lessened: see the verb. (+In
quot. 1607, Lowered in condition, weakened, wasted,
emaciated.)
1607 Torsett Four-/, Beasts (1658) 532 For the encourag-
ing of a feeble and diminished horse Eumelius reporteth
the flesh of swine .. mingled in wine and given to drink,
to be exceeding good. 1742 Younc N¢. Th. ix. 1715 How
swift I mount! Diminish'd Earth recedes. a1850 CALHOUN
Wks, (1874) VI. 140 Kays of sovereignty .. to be reflected
back, not in diminished, but increased splendor.
2. Lowered in importance, estimation, or power
(see Diinisi v. 3) ; now only in phr. from Milton,
1667 Mitton /’. Z. tv. 35 O thou [sun].. at whose sight
all the Starrs Hide their diminisht heads. ConGREVE
Birth of Muse 119 She feels..the Shame, Of Honours lost,
and her diminish’d Name. 1840 E. E. Napier Scenes &
Sports For. Lands }, p. xxxv, Crest-fallen and dejected ..
(they] hide. .their diminished heads.
3. Arch., etc. (See quots.)
1726 Leoni Alberti’s Archit. 1.
diminish'd Arch. .is not a compleat Semi-circle, but a deter-
minate part less. 1823 P. Nicnorson Pract. Build. 584
Diminished Bar, in joinery, the bar of a sash that is thin-
nest on the inner edge. 1876 Gwitr Archit., Gloss., Dimi-
nished Column, a column whereof the upper diameter is
less than the lower.
4. Mus. a. Of an interval: Less by a chromatic
semitone than a perfect, or than a minor, interval
of the same name: opp. to augmented. Diminished
triad, a triad containing a diminished (instead of
a perfect) fifth, b. Diminished subject, a subject
repeated in diminution (see DiminvurTIon 5 a).
r x Cuampers Cycl., Diminished intervat, in music,
is..an interval which is short of its just quantity by a lesser
semitone, 1 lbid, Supp. s.v. Interval, A Table of
Musical Intervals. . Dimini Fourth. . Diminished Fifth
+» Diminished Seventh. 1855 Browninc Joccata of Ga-
—— vii, Those lesser thirds so plaintive, sixths dimi-
nished, sigh on sigh. 1880 C. H. H. Parry in Grove Dict.
Mus. 1, 448 The diminished th..isa i less
than the ordinary minor seventh.
Dimi-nisher, vere. [f. as prec.+-ER1.] One
who or that which diminishes or lessens.
x60r Weever Mirr, Mart. Avij, This paynted wether-
cocke, Arts diminisher, With c dize b h to em-
3/2 The imperfect, or |
370
the impaixing and diminishing of his regal power.
Gro. pep Pe ui. xii, T ee
to her to be the diminishing of sorrow.
2. Arch. Tapering 3. = Diminution 9. ? Obs.
1563 Suute Archit. Ciija, How to close and finish the
diminishing of the pillors. Jonxzs in Leoni
| 161, BE
Palladio's Archit. (1742) I. “6 The diminishing of the
Pilasters. 1776 G. Sempre Building in Water 142 In
every Course to make a two Inch set off.,will preserve the
diminishing of the Pier.
piminiabing fpl.a. [f. as prec. + -1nG 2.]
1. That diminishes or lessens: a, That makes
‘Ah!’ this i i i
News 26 Oct. 3/. fi Raye mene ee
+. fi Bo and was repeated in a further diminu-
+ Diminuent, 2. Obs. rare. [ad. L. di-, dé-
minuent-em, pr. pple. of di-, déminuére to Dimin-
isa.) Dimi 3 lessening the force of any-
t >
vase W. wer gt Com? Malachy (1650) 38 Wye > the
ure speaks of spirit Sacri&ces, it useth a ‘Terme
di a 1647 SA Serm. 11, 221 Such kind of
limiting and diminuent terms. 1657— Serm. Pref. (1681) 16
in Comparative degree (AecoiSacpoverzépovs) in such kind
+2. Disparaging, depreciative. Ods.
1675 Everyn Mem. (1857) Il. 105 The Lords accused the
Commons for their .. provoking, and diminishing expres-
sions. x Stannore /araphr, U1. sor St. Paul, s Pr
disdains all false and diminishing Reflections,
3. Arch., Ship-building, etc. Thinning or tapering
off gradually.
vg 8 SmytH Sailor's Word-bk., Diminishing stuff, in
ship-byblding, the planking wrought under the wales, where
it is thinned progressively to the thickness of the bottom
plank. = R. Meave Naval Archit. 354.
Gwitt Archit., Gloss., Diminishing Rule, a board cut with
a concave edge, so as to ascertain the swell of a column,
and to try its curvature. Diminishing Scale, a scale of
gradation used in finding the different points for drawin,
the spiral curve of the Ionic volute. 1883 More. Exhib
Catal. iii. 5 Four diminishing joints.
imi-nishing [f. prec. + -L¥ 2]
ly, adv.
1. Ina diminishing manner or degree ; decreas-
ingly.
1827 Examiner 262'1 The light..is spread diminishingly |
over the picture. 1873 Contemp. Rev. XXI. 449 Most
powerful and varied in man, diminishingly so in the lower
animals,
+2. Disparagingly, depreciatively. Ods.
1672 Mede's Wks., Life 7 Some .. were induc'd to speak
somewhat diminishingly, and below the worth of his
[Mede’s] Clavis and Commentary upon the Apocalyps.
1707 Norris Treat, Humility vi. 289 To lessen and vilify
himself, and speak very diminishingly. .of his own worth.
Diminishment. Now sare. Also 6 de-.
[f. Diminisu v. + -menT, App. obsolete before
1700; used again in 19th c., but not common.]
The action or process of diminishing (¢rams. and
intr.) ; diminution, lessening, decrease, abatement.
1546 Bate Eng. Votaries u. (1550 94, All is to demyn-
yshment of akynges power, 1561 ‘T. Norton Calvin's /nst.
1. xiii, 35 His diuine majestie. .the offence of diminishment
wherof is an unpardonable crime. 1662 J. CHANDLER Van
Helmont’s Oriat. Pref. to Rdr., A pure, everlasting ..
Light, which will illustrate all things, without dammage
and diminishment. 1837 Locknart Scott xliv, He received
us. .with little perceptible diminishment in the sprightliness
of his manner. 1893 GD, Leste Lett, to M/arco xxvi. 171
A_diminishment in their numbers.
Diminitif, -ive, obs. forms of Diminvurtve.
Dimi-nuate, v. nonce-wd. [f. L. di-, déminucre
to lessen + -ATES: cf. next.) zntr. To use a diminu-
tive word or expression. (Cf. Dimtnvenr.)
1883 M. Cottins Miduight to Midn. viii. 174 ‘You are
a little wild.’ ‘A little ! you diminuate !" oe
ua‘tion. Obs. rare. [a. OF. dimi-
nuacion (1488 in Godef.), f.d¢minuer to DiMINISH.]
= DimInvuTIoN.
1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 28 My tresor .. may
not be mynisshed for noo thing that I yeue. . but thou maist
departe with noon of thyn withoute dymynuacion,
+Diminue, v. O/s. Forms: 4 dymynue, 6
-ew, diminew, Sc. dimunue.. [a. F. diminue-r
(1308 in Godef, Suppl), ad. L. déminu-cre to
lessen, DIMINISH. f. Pr. diminuar, also with
other conjugational suffixes, Pr., Sp., and Pg. di-
inuir, Cat. disminuir, It. diminuire. 1n all the
Romanic langs. the prefix is dé-, which was also
the common med.L, spelling, but ancient L. had
déminuére to lessen, diminish, diminuére to break
into small pieces ; cf. Diunisu.] =Dmomisn 2.
in various senses). In first quot, zu¢r, to speak
isparagingly ; cf. DimiNIsH v, 3.
x ad Ezek, — 13 Je.. han dymynued Lenn.
spoken yuel] a3eins me [1388 deprauyd a3ens me, "
p eee 1513 Dovucias 4éneis 1. Prol. 7 or na
reproche diminew thi guid name. 1549 Comfi. Scot. vi. 56
ao el
God almychty. igatis, aug or ..the..
operations of the planetis, +“ Skevne Zhe Pest (1860)
16 Rather depart riche nor leife pure, or diminew their
fortune ony wayis.
|| Diminuendo (démiinizendo’. Mus. — [It.
diminuendo lessening, diminishing, pr. pple. of
» Wit ¢' t
peach me, Crarke Serm. 241 (L.) The diminisher of
regal, but Pay. Bex of epi authority.
Diminishing, vbl, sb. [f. as prec. +-ING 1.]
1. The action of the verb Dimtnisi; lessening,
diminution, ne
1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 782 Thinges..
He iy wen to the diminishyng of bis honor, 1582 R.
Wimecepon (¢7//e), A Sermon no less fruitful than famous. .
set foorth by the olde Ys without addings or diminishings.
1649 Mitton Likon, x, That their liberties and rights were
diminuire to diminish: see prec.]) A musical
direction indicating a gradual decrease in force or
loudness of tone (abbrey. Aes dimin.); as sb. a
gradual decrease in force of tone, or a passage
where this occurs. Also ¢rans/. and Jig. (Opp.
to CRESCENDO.)
1775 ‘J. Cottier’ Mus, Trav. (ed. 3)65, 1 stood still some
time to observe the dim) do and ¢ de MrT
[see Crescenvo]. 1870 Miss Brivcman Xo, Lynne 11. iii. 70
q tion,
175 The Diminution of t
Pp ig being usually taken for a Diminuent terme,
Diminuse, obs. Sc. form of Diunisu.
+ Diminute, 2. Ols. Also 5-6de-. [ad. L.
di-, déminiit-us, pa. pple. of di-, déminuére to
Dionisu.] Diminished, lessened; abated; incom-
plete, defective.
Diminute conversion ), conversio per accidens, in
which the converse asserts less than the convertend, as in
‘ All the natives were slaves : Some slaves were natives.’
rer a Henryson Fadles Prol. 41 (Jam. Suppl.) Gif that
ye find ocht .. Be diminute, or yit superfluous, ays
Partenay 5680 He and his land shold be disherite, Ex
and deminute by his dedes smart. 1533 More Aol. viii.
Wks. 861/2 That hee neuer wrote that sermon himselfe,
but that some of hys audience .. dydde wryte it dyminute,
and mangled for lacke of good remembraunce. 1 Re-
corve Whetst, Aivb, If the partes make lesse than the
whole nomber..then is that nomber called Diminute, or De-
fectiue. As .8. hath these partes .1. .2. .4. whiche make but.7.
1651-3 Jer. Tavior Serm. for Year 1. xxiv. 304 Affix prices
made diminute and lessened to such and abate-
ments. 1731 Cuanoter tr. Limborch's Hist. Ingnis. 11. 32
He who confesses an heretical Action or Word, but denies
the wicked Intention..is. .to be delivered over asa diminute,
impenitent, and negative Heretick,
Db. Diminutive, minute.
1611 Sir A. Gorces (T.), The first seeds of things are little
and diminute.
‘nute, v. rare. [f. L. di-, déminiit- ppl.
stem of di-, d@minuére to DIMINISH.) ‘rans. To
lessen ; to belittle; = DinnnisH z. 3.
1560 Rottanp Crt. Venus 111. 905, I imploir..3e not deiect
the dignitie nor gloir, Spul3e, nor reif, diminute nor deploir
Into na sort thes deifeit Codaen. 1883 J. C. Morison in
Macm, Mag. 200 The repugnant task of diminuting our
hero has been forced upon us.
Diminu'tely, adv. Obs. [f. Diauxure a.+
-LY 2.] In a diminished manner or form ; incom-
pletely.
1521 St. Papers Hen. VI11,1. 79, U never rehers’
Graces letters, diminutely, or fully, but by the
resse commaundement. 1659 Lorex Key Cath, xx. 95
sciences diminutely and insufficiently delivered by their
authors. 1841 Fraser's Mag. XX1V. 25 He could., make
even Old Hal diminutely to sing [‘to sing small '].
Diminution (dimini#-fon). Forms: 4-6 di-
minucion (also with y for 7), diminicion, 7 de-
minution, 6- diminution. [a. AF. diminuciun
(a@ 1300), F. diminution =Pr. diminutio, Sp. dimi-
nucion, Pg. diminuigao, It. diminusione, ad. L.
diminition-em \ater spelling of déminiition-em, n.
of action from déminuére to lessen. Classical L.
analogies would give the form deminution: see
DiMinisH, Diminve.]
1. The action of diminishing or making less ; the
process of diminishing or becoming less ; reduction
in magnitude or d ; lessening, decrease.
©1374 Cuaucer 7% 11. 1286(1335) To encrece or maken
dyminucioun Of my langage. Set 11 Hen, V1, c. 2 $6
Dymynucion of pun’ es had for women e
with child. 1594 Hooker Aceé. Pod. im. xi. (1611) 120
by addition or diminuti M Jtin. wm. |
The remainder can hardly beare such deminution, as al
Armies are subiect vnto. 1682 Burner Xights Princes viii.
15 Rather ee to _ aes diminution of that
ight. T. H[{Ave] Ace. New /nvent. p. cvii, Enlarge-
a Pi, ob ann Wharfs or Banks. 1712 ADDISON
Spect. No. 517 P1 A of his letter, without any altera-
tion or diminuti Wuewewt Hist. Juduct. Se. 11,
Obliquity of the Ecliptic,
. Apparent lessening, as by distance. ? Ohs.
1611 Suaxs. Cymb. 1. iii. 18 To looke vpon him, till the
diminution Of space, had pointed him pace 7 iy he eae
1667 Mitton /. Z, vit. 369 From human sight So farr re-
mote, with diminution seen. i 4
+ 3. Representation of something as less than it
is; extenuation. Pusite Rhet. a Obs.
r R. Brunne Handi. Synne 12416 3yt ‘S an en-
death Ys kallede ‘dymynucyun’, On be bee ys to
mene To make py synne lytyl to seme. 1586 A. Day Eng.
Secretary u. (1625) 93 Example .. for diminution, might
this .. I must confesse are injuries to some, but unto
me they are trifles. 1659 O. Waker Oratory 75 Gradation
is by Oratours most-what observed, and the weightiest word
said last : or, in diminutions, the contrary.
+3. Lessening of honour or reputation ; deroga-
tion, depreciation, belittling. soe ae
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) at apy ‘ions,
dittiatoen ainetions #559 Life Sir T. More Word
Eccl. Biog. (1853) 11, 181 U pote of those saints. . for
I intend not the diminution of their glorious deaths. 1646
Futter Wounded Conse, (1841) 351 A diminution to the
majesty of God. 1648 Lrkon Bas. 49, 1 shall not much
regard the worlds opines or diminution of me, 1712
Spect. No. 468 P 4 ki hing a Di
me Gs I 76 t
vag Pp
gal tages Pe gong p< gg aoe
Your
yngis ex-
‘ity of my Will. Rows
m a ORTH
er tN ge es Beg
DIMINUTIVAL.
+4. Partial deprivation, curtailment, abatement.
1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. V,70b, That we suffre harme or
diminicion in person, estate, worship, or goodes. 1661 BRAm-
Hatt Fust Vind, iv. 78 Untill it came to sentence of death,
or diminution of member. 1675 Baxter Cath, Theol. u. 1.
20 Had this been any injury or diminution to the rest?
5. Mus. a. The repetition of a subject (in con-
trapuntal writing) in notes of half or a quarter the
length of the original: opp. to augmentation.
+b. (quot. 1614) The condition of being dimin-
ished (of an interval): see DIMINISHED 4 (ods.
rare).
1597 Mortey Jxtrod. Mus. 24 Diminution is a certaine
lessening or decreasing of the essential value of the notes
and rests, 1609 Doutanp Ornith, Microl. 48 Diminution..
is the varying of Notes of the first quantity .. or itis a
certain cutting off of the measure. 1614 ‘I’, RaveNnscrorr
(atte), A briefe Discourse of the true but neglected Vse
of characterizing the Degrees by their perfection, imperfec-
tion and diminution, in measurable Musicke. 1869 OUSELEY
Counter. xv. 104 [In] imitation by diminution .. the conse-
quent substitutes notes of smaller value for those proposed
by the antecedent. ;
6. Her. With earlier authors: The defacing of
part of an escutcheon. By later writers said to
be = DIFFERENCE,
1610 Guitiim Heraldry 1. viii. (1660) 43 Diminution is a
blemishing or defacing of some particular point .. of the
Escocheon, by reason of the imposition of some stain and
colour thereupon. 1 Porny Her. Gloss., Diminution,
word sometimes used instead of Difference. 1830 Rosson
Brit. Herald \X1. Gloss., Diminution of Arms, an expres-
sion sometimes used .. instead of differences, or, as the
French call them, d7isues .. from the Latin diminutiones,
lessenings, as showing a family to be less than the chief.
+7. Gram. The formation of a diminutive word
from a primitive. Ods. rare.
1637 B. Jonson Eng. Gram. xi, The common affection
of nouns is diminution. .. The diminution of substantives
hath these four divers terminations: El..Et..Ock..Ing..
Diminution of adjectives is in this one end, zsh.
8. Zaw. An omission in the record of a case sent
up by an inferior court to a superior, in proceedings
for reversal of judgement.
[1610 Coxe Bf. of Entries 242 a/2 (marg.) Le def. alledge
diminution en le Here, fac. seisinam. /b1d..251 b/t (arg:)
Diminution alledge per le def. en les proclamations. 1626
Sir W. Jones Reports, Weever v. Fulton 2 Car. 1 (1675) 140
Car apres in nullo est Erratum plede, neque le Plaintiff
neque le Defendant poient alledge diminution, car per le
joinder ils allowe recorde.] 1657 Grimson tr. Croke's
Refts. (1683) u. 597, Fokus v. Bowen, 18 Jas. I, After the
Record certified, the plaintiff in the Writ of Error alledges
Diminution for want of an Original, which was certified and
entered. =_ Termes de la Ley 248, Diminution, is when
the Plaintiff or Defendant in a Writ of Error alledges ..
that of the Record remains in the Inferiour Court not
certifyed, and prays that it be certifyed by Certiorari. 1848
in Wuarton Law Lex,
9. Arch. The gradual decrease in diameter of
the shaft of a column, etc.; the tapering of a
colunin or other part of a building; also, the
amount of this tapering in the whole length.
1706 Puiturs (ed. Kersey’, Diminution..in Architecture,
the lessening of a Pillar by Jittle and little from the Base
to the Top. Leon Alberti’s Archit. 11. 20/1 The
diameter of the lower diminution. 1727-51 CHambers Cyc.
s.v., The Gothic architects .. observe neither diminution nor
swelling ; their columns are perfectly cylindrical. =
Entick London 1V. 356 [The] turret .. ends with a fine
diminution, 1842-76 Gwitt Archit. m1. i. 809 The diminu-
tion or tapering form given to a column .. sometimes com-
mences from the foot of the shaft, sometimes from a quarter
or one third of its height. /é/d. 814 Vitruvius in this order
[the Tuscan] forms the columns six diameters high, and
makes their diminution one quarter of the diameter.
Diminutival (diminiatoi-val), a. (sb.) Gran.
[f. L. diminutiv-us DiminutivE + -au.] Of, per-
taining to, or of the nature of, a diminutive. b. as
sb. A diminutival suffix.
1868 T. H. Kry Philol. Essays x.213 The Latin. .formin
contemptuous terms for men, by means of a diminutival
suffix. 1871 Rosy Lat. Gram. 1. vii § 862 Adjectives,
chiefly diminutival. 1880 Earve Philol. Eng. Tongue (ed. 3)
§ 317 In -kin ...a widely prevalent diminutival.
Diminutive (diminiztiv), a. and sé. Also 4
diminitif (-yf, etc.), 6-7 diminitive, 6 demy-
nutyve. [a. F. dimdnutif, -ive (14th c. in Godef.
Suppl.), ad. L. di-, déminiitiv-us, {. di-, deminiitus,
pa. pple. of di-, déminuere to lessen. The sb. use is
found in Eng. earlier than the adj.] A. adj.
1. Gram. Expressing diminution; denoting some-
thing little: usually applied to derivatives or affixes
expressing something small of the kind denoted by
the primitive word. (Opp. to augmentative.)
1580 Nortu Plutarch (1676) ;. Where they honoured this
old woman [Hecale], calling her by a diminutive Name,
Hecalena. 1659 O. WALKER Ovatory 32 Verbal nouns...
some of them being aug: ive, some diminutive. 1755
Jounson Pref. to Dict.,»Diminutive adjectives in -ish, as
greenish, 1756 Burke Sudd. & B. wm. xiii, In most languages
the objects of love are spoken of under diminutive epithets.
1876 Mason Exg. Gram. § 313 The diminutive sense easily
passes into that of depreciation, as in wor/dling, groundiing.
+2. Making less or smaller; tending to dimi-
nution. Ods.
1677 GaLx Crt. Gentiles v. 266 God .. cannot fal under
any mutation either .. augmentative or diminutive. 1711
Suartess. Charac. (1737) IIL. mm. ii. 175 Any thing dimi-
nutive either of their inward Freedom or national Liberty.
|
371
+8. Representing or describing something as less
than it is; disparaging, depreciative. Ods.
1662 GLANvILL Lux Orient. ii. (1682) 9 A diminutive and
disparaging apprehension of the infinite .. Goodness of God.
1737 WATERLAND Eucharist 443 The Death of Christ ..a
federal Rite .. appears to be too low and too diminutive a
Name for it. 1791 Paine Rights of Man (ed. 4) 122 A scene
so new .. that the name of a Revolution is diminutive of its
character, and it rises into a Regeneration of man.
4. Characterized by diminution ; hence, of less
size or degree than the ordinary; small, little. In
later use, generally, a more forcible expression for
‘small’: =minute, tiny. (Usually in reference
to physical size.)
1602 Marston Ant. & Mel, u. Wks. 1856 1. 19 Balurdo
cals for your diminutive attendance. 1605 Suaxs. Macé.
1V. ii, 10 The poore Wren (the most diminutiue of Birds).
1623 CockeraM, Diminutine, little. 1641 Bratuwait Eng.
Intelligencer 1, Our Progenitours esteemed diminutive
Cottages as Kingdomes. rgxz2 tr. Pomet's Hist, Drugs I.
146 A diminutive Pine, which grows not above the Height
of a Man. 1727 Swirt Gulliver t. i. 26, 1 could not suffi-
ciently wonder at the intrepidity of those diminutive
mortals. 1741 Gray Let, Poems (1775) 108 Last post I
received a very diminutive letter, 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit.
India 11. w. viii. 283 The summer .. passed in unavailing
movements and diminutive attempts. 1851 BrimLry “ss. 120
(Wordsw.) We .. know that children _are not diminutive
angels. 1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skird. II. 24 Small, almost
diminutive, in stature.
B. sd.
1. Gram. A diminutive word or term (see A. 1) ;
a derivative denoting something small of the kind.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvi. xcvi. (Tollem, MS.),
Of ‘Lens, lentis,’ comeb ‘Lenticula,’ be diminityf pberof.
1530 PatsGr. 303 Adjectyves whiche be demynutyves in
signyfication. "159 Percivatt Sf. Dict. Biij, Diminutiues
end commonly in zo, 22/0. 1678 CupwortH /xtedl, Syst.
264 The word Saudmov..is not a diminitive..but an ad-
jective substantiv’d. 1709 STEELE 7atler No. 135 1 Cicero
.. calls those small Pretenders to Wisdom .. certain Minute
Philosophers, using a Diminutive even of the Word Little.
1864 TENNYSON Aylmer's Field 539 In babyisms and dear
diminutives Scatter’d all over the vocabulary Of sucha love.
1894 J. ‘I’. FowLer Adamnan Introd. 80 His name, Adam-
nan, 1s a diminutive of Adam.
2. Her. One of the smaller ordinaries correspond-
ing in form and position to the larger, but of less
width.
[1486 Bh. St. Albans, Her. Civ), This cros [croslet] is not
so oft barne in armys by him selfe .. neuer the lees mony
tymys hit is borne in dimynutiuys, that is to say in littyll
crossis crossit.] 1572 BosseweEtt A rmorie 11. 32 b, The Bar-
rulet is a Diminutive thereof, and is but the fourth parte of
the Barre. 1766 Porny //em. iv. (1787) 60 The Pale .. Its
Diminutives are the Pallet, which is the half of the Pale,
and the Endorse, which is the fourth part of a Pale. 1882
Cussans Handbk. Her. iv. 57 The diminutives of the Bend
are the Bendlet, or Garter, which is half the width of the
Bend; the Cost, or Cotice, which is half the Bendlet ; and
the Riband, half of the Cost. /d/d. 72 All the Ordinaries
(but not their diminutives) may be charged.
8. A diminutive thing or person, a. A small
variety or form of something; a ‘miniature’.
+b. Something very small (0ls.). +e. 2 dimi-
nutive: ona small scale, in miniature (o0s.).
1606 Saks. 77. § Cr. v. i. 38 How the poore world is
pestred with such water-flies, diminutiues of Nature. —
Ant. & Cl. 1. xii. 37 Most. monster-like be shewne For
poor’st Diminitiues, for Dolts. 1627-77 FevtHam Resolves
1. xxxiii. 57 All families are but diminutives of a Court. 1658
Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus iii, In what deminutives the
plastick principle lodgeth is exemplified in seeds. @ 1687
Cotton Gh) Sim .. Was then a knave, but in diminutive.
1796 Mod. Gulliver's Trav. 46 A reflection .. which I often
found myself justified in bringing home to these dimi-
nutives, 1842:C. Wuiteneap RX. Savage (1845) I. xi. 145
The diminutive tells me he believes he has wronged you.
1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. xix. (1856) 150 A stimulus, acting
constantly, like the diminutive of a strong cup of coffee.
+4. Something that diminishes or lessens; sec.
in Med. A medicine that’ abates the violence of a
disease. Obs. :
1602 Warner Add. Eng. x. liv. (1612) 242 If his Fames
Diminutiue in any thing we finde. 1621 Burton Azat. Mel.
i, v. 1. vi, When you have used all good meanes and helpe
of alteratives, averters, diminitives.
Diminutively (diministivli), adv. [f. prec.
+-LY %.] Ina diminutive manner or degree.
1, In the way of diminution ; so as to represent
anything as small, or as less than it is; ‘+ extenu-
atingly, disparagingly, depreciatively (ods.).
1613 F. Rosarts Revenue of Gospel 125 They will cheer-
fully..say, It was but fiue pounds .. It comes but once a
yeare, I hope to recouer it by the grace of God. Thus
diminutiuely and hopefully men mention any great charge,
suitable to their owne humors. 1663 Baxter Divine Life
175 Thinking diminutively of God’s love and mercy. 1788
Map. D’Arsiay Diary July, I began vo think less diminu-
tively of that [room]. 1824 L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5)
I. 256 When I say, ‘There were few men with him’; I
speak diminutively, and mean to represent them as incon-
siderable : whereas, when I say, ‘‘There were a few men
with him’; I evidently intend to make the most of them.
2. In a smaller or minute degree.
3750 tr. Leonardus’s Mirr. Stones 218 Prassius .. has all
the Virtues of the Emerald, tho’ diminutively.
Diminutiveness. [f. as prec. +-ness.] The
ously or condition of being diminutive.
1 AILEY vol. II., Disinztiveness, littleness. 1750-1
S II. 225 (T.) While he stood on tip-toes thrumming
his bass-viol, the diminutiveness of his figure was totally
DIMIT.
eclipsed by the expansion of his instrument. 1830 Miss
Mitrorp Vidlage Ser. 1v. (1863) 199 Next to names simple
in themselves, those which fall easily into diminutiveness
seem to me most desirable..Lizzy, Bessy, Sophy, Fanny—
the prettiest of all! 1894 Daily News 15 Oct. 6/4 In keeping
with the universal neatness and diminutiveness.
Dimi-nutize, v. rare. [f DiminvteE a. + -1ZE.]
trans. To turn (a word) into a diminutive form.
In recent Dicts.
+ Dimi'ss, v. Ods. [f. cl. L. diméss- ppl. stem
of dimittére to send away, dismiss: cf. Dimir,
Dismiss, and Dis- pvef.] = Dismiss v.
1543 GRAFTON Contu. Harding (1812) 567 Charles did di-
misse y® young man, 1546 Lanctey Pol. Verg. De [nvent.v.
ix. 110a, When Masse is ended the deacon turning to the
people sayeth, Ite missa est, which wordes are borrowed of
the rytes of the Paganes, and signifieth that then the com-
panye may be dimissed. 1655 Stantey //ist, PAslos. m1.
(1701) 99/2 Theatetus disputing of Knowledge, he dimist.
1729 SHELVOCKE A rfillery V. 399 It is shot easily froma large
Bow, for if it be violently dimissed, the Fire of it will be
extinguished.
+ Di-missaries, s/, £/. Obs. Also 5 dismys-
saries, 6 dimiceries, demisaris. [?f. L. d@z7s-
sus, hanging down, descending + -ARY: cf.eéssary.]
Testicles.
1494 Fanyan Chron, vit. 357 Some malicious dysposed per-
sones, in despyte. .kut of his hode and his dismyssaries. 1546
Bate Lng. Votaries 1. (1550) 50 b, Chosen, as stoned horses
are..by their outye dimiceries. 1569 ‘I’, UNpervown Ovid
agst, Jos Oiijb, He .. cut of his Demisaris. 1577 Stany-
Hurst Descr. /rel. in Holinshed V1. 68 For default of other
stuffe, they pawne. .the nailes of their fingers and toes, their
dimissaries.
+ Dimission (doimifon). Ods. [ad. L. dimis-
ston-em, n. of action from d7mittére to send away,
dismiss, etc.]
1. The action of giving up or relinquishing ; re-
signation, abdication ; = DEMISSION 2 1.
1494 Fanyan Chron. vu. 548, 1 swere .. that I shall neuer
repugne to this resygnacion, dymyssyon or yeldynge vp.
1568 (). Exiz. Let. 8 June in Love-lett. Mary Q. Scots App.
31 She... compelled to make a dimission of her crown.
2. Conveyance by lease ; = DEMISE sd. 1.
1495 Act 11 /en. V'/1,c.9. § 2 All maner of leasses dymys-
sions made. /d/d, c. 33 § 17 Any graunte or lesse made by
.. lettres patentes of dimission. :
3. Sending away, dismission, dismissal, discharge.
1530 in Froude //ist. Eng. (1856) II. 82 Under sureties
..that he should appear the first day of the next term. .and
then day by day until his dimission. @1§55 Braprorp in *
Coverdale Lett. Mart. (1564) 307 It is..a deliueraunce from
bondage and prison, a dimission from e. 1633 Br. Hatt
Hard Texts 620 This common dimission of your wives.
1736 Lepiarp Life Marlborough 1.106 Vhe King..sent him
a Dimission of all his Employs, and forbid him the Court.
1823 Soutney Hist. Penins. War 1. 44 Whosoever .. left
the University without a letter of dimission.
Dimissorial (dimisd-rial). /cc?. [f. as next
+-AL.] A dimissory letter : see next, sense 2.
1885 Catholic Dict. s.v., Abbots may not give dimissorials
to seculars.
Dimissory (di-misari), a. (sd.) Also 7 di-
missary, 7-8 demissory. [ad. L. dimdssord-us
(in Ltéerv dimissorizx a dimissory letter), f. dimess-
ppl. stem of dimzttére to send away, dismiss: sce
-ory. (Also Dismissory : cf. Dis- pref.)]
+1. Pertaining to dismission or leave-taking ;
dismissory ; valedictory. Ods. in gen. sense. (In
quot. 1650, fg. from 2.)
1g8r Marseck Bh. of Notes 305 In witnes wherof I giue
ynto thee this Bill of diuorcement and dimissorie Epistle,
being an instrument of libertie according to y* law of
Moses. 1650 Br. Pripeaux Euchod. (1656) 101 (T.) Old
Simeon’s craving his letters demissory. @1656 Ussner
Ann. (1658) 431 The Original of that Petaroth or dimissary
Lecture, after which the people were dismissed.
2. Eccl. Dimissory letter (usually in pl. letters
dimissory): @. In the ancient church, a letter from
a bishop dismissing a clergyman from one diocese
and recommending him to another. b. A letter
from a bishop, the superior of a religious order,
etc., authorizing the bearer as a candidate for
ordination.
1583 Stusses Anat. Abus, u. (1882) gt If he. -haue letters
dimissorie from one bishop to another. @ 1631-1708 [see
Demissory]. 1672 Cave Prin. Chr. ut, iii, (1673) 310
Letters Dimissory whereby Leave was given to persons
going into another Diocese (if ordained) to be admitted
and incorporated into the Clergy of that Church. 1726
Ayuirre Parerg. 128 A Bishop of another Diocess ought
neither to ordain nor admit a Clerk..without letters Dimis-
sory. 1818 C. Simzon Le?. in Mem. xx. (1847) 497 Letters
dimissory for a young man who has distinguished himself,
31819 SoutueY in Q. Kev. XXI1. 73 The abbot was cautioned
not to receive a member of any other known monastery
without dimissory letters from his superior.
+ B. sb. (p/) = Letters dimissory : see prec. Ods.
61380 Antecrist in Todd 3 Treat, Wyclif (1851) 147 Bi
tytle and by dymyssories. 1619 Brent tr. Savfz's Counc.
Trent (1676) 462 In respect of the dimisories of Bishops.
172g tr, Dupin's Eccl. Hist, 1. v. u. 69 “The Dimissories
were given to the Laity and Clergy, who went out of one
Diocese .. to live in another.
+ Dimi't, v. Ods. [In Branch I, ad. L. dzmitt-
ére to send apart, away, or forth, to dismiss, re-
lease, put away, let go, lay down (office), renounce,
forsake, f. di-, dés- asunder + mttére to send, let
go. A doublet (more etyniologically ee of
47*-2
DIMITY.
Dismit, Dismiss: cf. also Demir v.2, and Diss,
Demise. In Branch II, a variant of Demir v."]
I. 1. “rans. To send away, let go, dismiss: =
Demir v.21.
1548 Uva, etc. Erasm. Par. Actsv. 26 So were they
contented = this punishement to dimitte them.
Foxe A. & M. (1596) 941/2 Thus Frith..was freely dimitt
out of the stockes, and set at libertie. a 1639 Srorriswoop
Hist. Ch. Scotl. . (1677) 50 The Pope .. did. .dimit the
Scottish missioners .. with great promises of favour.
2. To lay aside, give up, resign, abdicate: =
Demir v.2 3.
1 3 N. Win3zet Four Scoir Thre Quest. xxvii. Wks.
1888 I. 93 Salamon .. commanding ws naways to dimit the
law of our mother, quhilk is the Kirk. “* Row Hist.
Kirk (1842) 40 That these who haue pluralitie of benefices
compelled to dimitt all except one. Trans. Crt.
Spain u. 141 It behoved him instantly to dimit his charge
of Inquisitour General.
3. To convey by lease, demise: = Demir v.? 4.
1495 Act 11 Hen. V//, c. 9 That noe persone .. haue
auctorite .. to dymytte or lette to ferme .. any londes or
tenementis within the lordship. 1541 Act 33 Hen. V//1,
c. 39 Power and auctoritie .. to couenant dimit let or set
to ferme .. any of the landes. 1609 Skene Reg. Maj. 122
He may dimitt the land destroied and not inhabite, vntill
he be of power to big it againe.
4. intr. Of a river: To empty itself, debouch.
16.. Fountatnuatt in M. P. Brown Suppl. Decis. (1826)
293 The public river of Tweed .. which dimits in the sea.
II. 5. trans. To send, put, or let down, cause
to descend, lower: = Demir v.! 1.
1627-77 FevtHam Jesolves 1. Ixix. 105 Like the night ..
dimitting unwholesom vapours upon all that rest beneath.
1638 Sir T. Hersert 7'rav. (ed. 2) 3 When Apollo dimits
his perpendicular rayes. 1646 Sir TI’. Browne Pseud. Ef.
V. xili. 253 To teach horses to incline, dimit, and bow downe
their ies. 1671 J. Wesster Afetallogr. iv. 75 Doth
dimit it down into the centre of the Earth.
b. fiy. To abase, let down: =DeEmitT v.1 2.
1655 GuRNALL Chr. tn Arm. verse xi. 183/2 He was a man
of rare humble spirit, that .. could so dimit and humble
himself in his adresse to Christ.
Dimity (dimiti). Forms: 5 demyt, 6 dimite,
7 dimmety, dimmity, dimetty, 8 demity, di-
mitty, 8- dimity. [In 15-16th c. demyt, dimite,
a. It. diémito ‘a kind of coarse cotton or flanell’
(Florio 1598), ‘a kind of course linzie-wolzie’
(ibid. 1611) = med.L. dimztum (12th c. in Du
Cange), ad. Gr. diperos of double thread, sb. dimity,
f. d:-, dis twice + piros thread of the warp.
not certain how the final -y arose: could it repre-
sent It. pl. dém7tz? Cf. the plural in Du Cange’s
quot.: ‘amita, dimitaque, et trimita’, explained
to mean fabrics woven with one, two, or three
threads respectively. The relation to these of the
Persian word bles dimyati, explained as ‘a
kind of cotton clo:h, dimity’, which has the form
of a derivative of bles DVémydt, Damietta, is not
clear.]
A stout cotton fabric, woven with raised stripes
or fancy figures; usually employed undyed for
beds and bedroom hangings, and sometimes for
garments.
1440 in E. Peacock Eng. Ch. Furniture, Lincolush. 182
A vestment of white demyt for lenten and vigils. 1570
Campton in Hakluyt May. (1599) I. 1.127 We do vse to buy
many of their silke quilts, and of their Scamato and Dimite,
that the poore people make in that towne [Scio]. 1632
Litucow 7rav. vit. 358 A hundred Camels loaden with
Silkes, Dimmeties, and other Commodities. 1636 Davenanr
Witts (1673) 171 A Book wrapt up in Sea-green Dimmity.
1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 236 A half bedstead as the
new mode, dimity wt” fine shades of worstead works well
made up. 1743 Fietpinc You, Wild 1. x, His waistcoat
was a white dimity, richly embroidered with yellow silk.
1819 Byron Yuan 1, xii, Her morning dress was dimity.
1879 E. Garrett House by Works 1. 97 Else .. washed the
pretty dimities oftener than even Lois thought necessary,
1880 Birpwoop /ud. Arts Il. 76 Fustians, dimities and
vermilions from cotton-wool had been made in London and
in Manchester from 1641.
b. attrib. Made of eae
1639 Mayne City Match 1. iv, Thy dimity breeches. 1762
Gentil, Mag. a Put on a dimitty waistcoat. 1856 Miss
Mutock Su fax 1 Some sort of white dimity gown
that she wore. 1861 Mrs. Cartyce Le/?. ILI. In our
white dimity beds. 1876 Miss Brappon F. Mectarts
Dau, 1. 108 The dimity window curtains.
(dimli), adv. In 3 dimluker (compar.),
4-5 dymly. [repr. OE. type *dim/ice, from dimlic
adj. dim, obscure: cf -Ly*%.] In a dim manner;
in or with a dim light; obscurely; somewhat
darkly ; Sits, indistinctly.
a1225 Ancr. 210 Heo wolden.. ide deofles seruise
dimluker bemen. 13.. &, Z. Addit. P. C. 375 Dymly
bi Pat pat p plesed him, a 1400-50 Alexander
718 Pan Anec .. Dryvez up a dede voyce, and dymly he
28 Be 1538 Starkey England nu. iii. 206 As Sayn Poule
sayth dymely, hyt ys the pedagoge of Chryst.
Mutton /. Z. v. 157 To us invisible or dimly seen In
these thy lowest works. 1722 Appison be No. 26
? 9 A Fire burns dimly.,in the Light of the Sun. 1858
Hawrtnorne /'r, & Jt, Frnis. UL. 49 The Sgures looked
dimly down like gods out of a mysterious sky. 1871 R.
Exuis Catudlus \xvi. 49, Perish who earth’s hid veins first
labour'd dimly to quarry. 1885 S/ectator 8 Aug. 1041/1
It is:
372
This was dimly felt at the time and has been more dis-
tinctly recognised since.
b. Comb., as dimly-labouring, -lit.
we Baptist |. Xx. Like the
dimigiabouring moon.” 2080 Outen Moske Seis Ditaly At
chambers.
Dimmed (dimd), f/. a. [f. Dim v. + -ED1.]
Rendered dim,
1590 Spenser /. Q. 1. ii. 45 Her eyelids blew And dimmed
sight.. At last she up gan lift. 1594 Ord. Prayer in Liturg.
Serv. Q. Eliz. (1847) 654 Being..not any clearer enlightened,
than by the di d glimpse of a Monr-
comerte A/isc. Poems xi. 25 Quhen my dimmit sight greu
cleir. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. ii. (1879) 20 The scene by
the dimmed light of the moon was most desolate. 1863
Geo. Exsor Romola 1. iii, The somewhat dimmed glory
their original gilding.
Hence Di g
1610 Barrovcn Meth. Physick vi. ix. (16: Such as
hath not the whitish colour 3 lining to & id a
en, v. rare. [f. Dim a,+-en 5.) intr.
To grow dim. Hence Di‘mmening /#/. a.
1828-30 W. Taytor Surv. Germ. Poetry 1. 301 Scenery...
on which his dimmening eyes are preparing to close for ever.
i er (ditma1), sb. [f. Din v.+-ER1.] One
who or that which dims.
1822 Blackw. Mag. X1. 594 A dimmer to the daylights.
18.. J. H. Newman /dea of University, To remove the
original dimmer of the mind's eye.
Bimmer (dima), v. nonce-wd. [f. Din v. +
-En 5.) To appear dimly, faintly, or indistinctly.
1892 R. Kiptinc Barrack-r. Ballads 123 As the shape of
a corpse dimmers up through deep water.
Dimmety, obs. form of Dimitry.
Dimming (di‘min), vé/. 5. [f. Dim v. + -1NG1.]
The action of the verb Dim, q. v.
13.. Coer de L. 6977 Be the dymmyng off the more, Men
myghte see, where Richard fore. ¢143§ Vorr. Portugal
512 Yt Drew nere-hande nyght By dymmynge of the Day.
1552 Hvutoet, Dymminge of the syght, caligatio. 1
Suaks. Aich. J//, 1. ii. 102 All of vs haue cause To waile
the dimming of our shining Starre.
Di-mming, ///. a. [f. as prec. +-1NG2.] That
cims: see the verb.
1734 R. Erskine in R. Palmer Bk. of Praise 397 My
Lord will break the dimming glass And show His glory
1816 J. Witson City of Plague u. ii. 183 The
face to face.
driving blast—the dimming rains.
1875 Wuitney Life |
Lang. iv. 66 The specific quality of which [vowels] is due
to a dimming action along the whole mouth,
i ish (di-mif), a. [f. Dim a. + -18H.] Some-
what dim.
1683 Tryon Way to Health 96 Its flame is not clear. .but
of a dimmish Brimstone colour. 1724 Swier Stedla’s Birth-
day 42 My eyes are somewhat dimish grown. 1826 Blackw.
Mag. XX. 899 Our eyes have got rather dimmish.
Dimmit (di-mit). s.w. dial. Also 8 dimmet.
[f Dim a.] Dusk, twilight.
1746 Exmoor Scolding (E. D. S.) 42 In the Desk o’ tha
Yeaveling, just in tha Dimmet. /éé¢. Gloss., Dimmet..
the Dusk of the Evening .. the evening twilight. 1859
Cavern Ball. & Songs 132, 1, with my arms, in the dimmit
of day, Will snare the bold son of the sea. 1879 G. Mac-
ponatp 7’. Fader IIL. xiv. 237 He likes his little ones to
tell their fancies in the dimmits about the nursery fire.
Dimmy (di-mi), a. [f. Dim a.+-y: cf. backy,
bluey.) 'Maving dimness ; more or less dim.
1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 1. vi, The derkenesse of the
dymmy night. 1580 Sipnev Arcadia w. (1622) 441 You
dimmie clouds. 1582 Bent Ley fon. Matrones 181 Dazel
with the dimmie and darke mists of Sathan. 1§94 Carew
Tasso (1881) 119 The dimmy ayre now cleerer cove. 1
Sincieron Virgié I. 98 If she (the moon) shall have clip,
The darksome ether with a dimmy horn.
Dimn, dimne, obs. ff. Dim a. and v.
Dimness (di'mnés). [OE. dimnis, dymnys, f.
dim Dim + -NEsS.] The quality of being dim; want
of clearness, brightness, or distinctness ; dullness of
vision or perception, dimsightedness,
c8as Vesp. Psalter xcvili|. 2 Wolcen & dimnis in ymb-
hwyrfte. ¢ 1000 Sax. Leeched. 1, 200 Wip yaar dymnysse,
genim dysse sylfan wyrte leaf. a1300 £. L. Psalter xvii.
1o Dimnes under his fete. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De
P. RL xi, xx. (495) 450 Abyssus that 1s depnesse of water
hath of hymsel ib oy» and depnesse. 1572 Bossewett
Armorie u. 67b, The Eagle in age hath enes, and
dymnes of eyne. G. Hersert Temple, Sonne 8 A
sonne. .a fruitfull flame Chasing the fathers dimnesse. 1751
Jounson Rambler No. 155 ® 3 In proof of the dimness of
our internal Light. 1778 S. J. Pratr Liberal Opin. (1783
IV. 3 Tumbling into the ditch, which my dimness ent
me from seeing. 1863 Geo. Ertor Romolat. v, The once
splendid patch of carpet. .had been worn to dimness.
1887 Morris Odyss. vil. 42 Round about him still She shed
that holy dimness.
Dimond, obs, form of DramonD.
Dimo:nosylla‘bie, a. nonce-wd. [see Dt-*.]
Consisting of two monosyllables.
1844 Wuewe et in Todhunter Ace. Whewell’s Wks. (1876)
II. 322 Dimonosyllabic endings.
(doi‘mp:f). [mod. f. Gr. dipopp-os
of two forms: cf. mod. F. dimorphe adj.] One of
the two forms in which a dimorphous substance
exists ; as ‘aragonite and calcite are dimorphs.’
In recent Dicts.
Mmouhie (daimp-ufik), @. [mod. f. Gr. 8i-
Hopd-os of two forms ¢f &-, Bis — popph form)
+-10.] Existing or occurring in two distinct forms ;
exhibiting dimorphism. a, ot, Occurring in two
DIMPLE.
distinct forms in the same plant or species, as the
submerged and floating leaves in water-plants, disk
and ray florets in Composite, and (sfec.) flowers
or plants having stamens and pistils of different re-
lative lengths. b. Zool. Of individuals of the same
species (or of the same colony of polyps) : Occur-
ring in two forms differing in structure, size, mark-
ings, etc., according to sex, scason, or function.
ec. Chem. and Min, Occurring in two distinct
crystalline forms not derivable from one another.
i 1859 Darwin Orig. Spec. ii. (1878) 36 The two forms of an
allied di ic species. ¢ J. Wyxpe in Circ. Se. 1.
311/2 Some lies have two different fi or are dimor-
phic, under different circumstances. a OoKER Stud.
flora Primula .. Flowers usually dimorphic, having
re hae with anthers deep in the tube or the reverse.
Jbid: 319 Atriplex patula .. su hastata .. seeds dimor-
phic, larger brown rough, smaller k smooth. 1878 Bett
Gegenbaur’s Comp. Anat. 123 When the persons of a colon
are di hic, those which are the more deve are..
functionally sexual, while the others are sterile. 1888
Rotteston & Jackson Anim. Life 238 The Medusa and
Hydroid pol are dimorphic forms..'The worker bee is
a dimorphic female.
Dimorphism (daimfifiz’m). [mod. f. Gr. 5¢-
popp-os of two forms (see prec.) +-ISM.] The con-
dition of being Dimorpuic. a. Cryst. The pro-
perty of assuming two distinct crystalline forms,
not derivable from each other.
1832 Jounston Progr. Chem. in Rep. Brit.. Assoc. (1835)
432 The different causes to which, under different circum-
stances, dimorphism may be traced. 1850 Dauseny A tom.
7h. iv. (ed. 2) 123 A familiar instance of dimorphism is ex-
hibited in the case of carbonate of lime, which .. is found,
sometimes in the form of calcareous spar, sometimes in that
of arragonite. 1851 Richarpson Geol. v. 78 Di ism
isa law which, though previously known, has been con!
by the discoveries of Mitscherlich. oo.
b. Ziol. ‘The occurrence of two distinct forms of
flowers, leaves, or other parts on the same plant or
in the same species; or of two forms distinct in
structure, size, colouring, etc among animals of the
same species.
1859 Darwin Orig. Sec. ii. (1878) 35 There are. cases of
dimorphism and trimorphism, both with animals and plants.
Thus. .the females of certain... butterflies., regularly appear
under two or even three conspicuously distinct forms. 1875
Bennett & Dyer tr. Sacks’ Bot, ut. vi. 809 Another con-
trivance for.. mutual fertilisation. . Dimorphism (or Hetero-
stylism)..In one individual the flowers all have a long style
and short filaments, while in another individual all the
flowers have a short style and long filaments. 1888 Ro.ies-
ton & Jackson Anim. Life 238 ‘lhe phrase sexual dimor-
phism is used to denote the differences other than the usual
ical ch which the two sexes..In
[Lepidoptera] the individuals of broods appearing at dif-
ferent times of the year often differ from one another .. In
this case the phrase seasonal dimorphism is employed.
e. Philol. The existence, in one language, of a
word under two different forms, or of two words
of the same ultimate derivation (coublets).
1877 F. A. Marcu Anglo-Sax. Gram. 28 Where it [bifur-
cation] is produced by a foreign word coming into English
in different ways, it has been called di ‘ism : ration,
reason.
Dimorphite (daimpafsit). A/in. [mod. f. Gr.
Bipopp-os of two forms + -1T#.] A sulphide of
arsenic occurring in very small orange-coloured
crystals of two different forms. Also called Di-
morphine.
1852 Suerarp A/in. 351 Dimorphine. 1868 Dana Alin. 28
Dimorphite.
us (doimp fas), a. [f. Gr. dipopp-os
of two forms + -ous.] = Dimorrnic. (Mostly in
Chem. and Min.)
1832 fometen Progr. Chem.in Rep. Brit. Assoc. (1835)
432 Sulphur and car therefore possess two forms, or
they are dimorphous. 1850 Davneny Atom, 7h. iv. (ed. 2)
123 Bodies .. capable of assuming two distinct crystalline
forms .. according to the circumstances under which they
had been brought into the solid condition .. are termed
Set 1869 Mus. Somervinne Molec. Sc. 1. i. 16
The diamond crystallizes in octohedrons, while graphite. .
crystallizes in six-sided plates : ..and thus carbon possesses
the property of being di Lussock Wild
Flowers ii. 35 The majority of species of the genus Primula
appear to be dimorphous.
+ Dimorve, v. Obs. rare. [ad. L. dimové-re
to move away, remove.) /rans. To remove.
1sg0 R. Wispome in Strype ccd. Mem. I, App. cxv. 320
You wil not dimove that evil wel placed. 1788 7rijfer
No. ar 3. 323 It dimoves every discruciating pain from the
stom: le
Dimp, v. rave. fapp. shortened from DiMPLE
v.) trans. To or , or mark with —
Crare Vill, i they
instr. 1. 132 Rain-d
dimp'd the brook. /ééd. 11. 12: Ere yeta halletone patter-
ing comes, Or dimps the pool rainy sq’ x
ple (di‘mp’l), sé. Also 5 a@ympull. [Evi-
denced only from 15th c., and app. not common
till late in the 16th: origin uncertain. Its form
answers to OHG. dumphilo, MHG. tumpfel, timp-
Sel, mod.G. diimpfel, Liimpel pool, but connexion is
not historically made out. It has also been collated
with dimdle, and conjectured to be a nasalized
deriv. of dip, or a dim. of dint with consonantal
change.]
DIMPLE.
1. A small hollow.or dent, permanent or evan-
escent, formed in the surface of some plump part of
the human body, esp. in the cheeks in the act of
smiling, and regarded as a pleasing feature.
¢1400 Destr. Troy 3060 Hir chyn full choise was, . With a
dympull full derne, depots to se, 1588 GREENE Pandosto
(1607) 19 Shee hath dimples in her cheekes. 1598 FLorio,
Pozzette, dimples, pits, or little holes in womens cheekes.
61x Suaxs. Vint. 7. u. iii. 101 The Valley, The pretty
dimples of his Chin, and Cheeke. 1632 Mitton L'Adlegro
30 Wreathéd Smiles, Such as hang on Hebe’s cheek, And
love to Jive in dimple sleek. me Map. D’Arstay Diary
4 Oct., Three letters in her hand, and three thousand
dimples in her cheek and chin! 1813 Byron Giaour (Orig.
Draft) ii. Wks. (1846) 63/1 zo¢e, Like dimples upon Ocean’s
cheek, 1870 Emerson Soc. § Solit., Dom. Life Wks. (Bohn)
III. 42 Parents, studious of the witchcraft of curls and
dimples and broken words. =
b. The action of dimpling.
1713 STEELE Guardian No. 29 ? 6 The dimple is practised
to give a grace to the features, and is frequently made a
bait to entangle a gazing lover.
2. transf. Any slight surface depression or in-
dentation resembling the preceding, as a dip in the
surface of land or a ripple on the water.
1632 Litucow 7vav. vi. 278 Whereon (say they) Elias
oft slept, and... that the hollow dimples of the stone was
onely made by the impression of his body. 1664 Power
Exp. Philos, 1. 3 Not absolute perforations, but onley dim-
ples in their crustaceous Tunica Cornea. 1796 WITHERING
Brit. Plants WV. 82 Upper part [of fungus] convex, with
or without a dimple in the centre. 1801 SoutHey 7halaba
XI. xxxviii, The gentle waters gently part In dimples round
the prow. 1815 Guide to Watering Places 299 In a dimple
of the hill. .rises St. Anne’s Well. 1892 J. MATHER Poems
51 In dimples of the mountain lay The panting herd of deer.
3. Comb,
1874 Mrs. Wuitnry We Girls ix. 184 Her dimple-cleft
and placid chin. 1892 A. Sterry Lazy Minstr. 80 Sweet
little dimple-cheek— Merrily dancing.
Dimple, v. [f. prec. sb.]
1. trans. To mark with, or as with, dimples.
1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. ui. iii. Wks. 1856 I. 110,
I will laugh, And dimple my thinne cheeke With capring
joy. 1697 Drypen nei vii. 43 With whirlpools dimpl’d.
1796 Soutuey Ball. Donica, No little wave Dimpled the
water's edge. 1830 ‘TENNyson Lilian 16 The lightning
laughters dimple The baby-roses in her cheeks. 1847-8 H.
Miter First Impr. vi. (1857) 102 Here the surface is
dimpled by unreckoned hollows: there fretted by uncounted
mounds, 189t B. Harte First Fam. Tasajara xiii, Leaden
rain. .dimpling like shot the sluggish pools of the flood.
2. intr. To break into dimples cr ripples, to form
dimples, to ripple.
a@1700 DrypveEN (J.), Smiling eddies dimpled on the main.
1735 Pore Prol, Sat. 316 As shallow streams run dimpling
all the way. 1762 Goins. Cit. IV. cxiv, She is then
em ao to dimple and smile, when the dimples and smiles
gin to forsake her, 1x Worvsw. Prelude vi. 652
A lordly river .. Dimpling along in silent majesty. 1851
‘Tuackeray Eng. Hum. ii. (1876) 181 Cheeks dimpling with
smiles. 1864 ‘TENNYSON Aydmer's F. 149 Low knolls That
dimpling died into each other.
Dimpled, f//.a. [f. Dire sd. or v. + -ED_]
Marked with or as with dimples.
a1577 GascoicNe Wks. (1587) 67 That dimpled chin
. Burres Dyets drie
wherein delight did dwell.
Dimplement. rare. [f. Duprey. + -MENT.]
The fact or condition of being dimpled; a dim-
pling.
1856 Mrs. Browninc Aur. Leigh 1. 39 And view the
round’s most gentle dimplement. 1862 — /adse Step iv,
here the smile in its dimplement was.
Di-mpler. zonce-wd. [f. Dinere v, + -ER 1]
One who ‘ dimples’ or forms dimples.
1713 STEELE Guardian No. 29 ® 5 We may range the
several kinds of laughers under the following heads: The
Dimplers. The Smilers. The Laughers. The Grinners.
The Horse-laughers.
DP mpling, vbl. sh. [f. as prec.+-ING1,] The
action of the verb DrweLe (usually in zur.
sense). ‘
1602 Beaumont Hermaphrodite Wks. (Rtldg.) II. 700/r
She prais’d the pretty dimpling of his skin: 1771 Go_psM.
Prot. Craddock's Zobcide hile botanists all cold to
smiles and dimpling, Forsake the fair, and patiently - go
simpling, 1820 W. Irvine Sketch Bk., Spectre Bridegroom
I. 338 A soft dimpling of the cheek.
Di-mpling, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -1nc 2.] That
dimples ; that forms or breaks into dimples.
1735 SOMERVILLE Chase 1v. 407 Ev'ry .. hollow Rock, that
o’er the dimpling Flood Nods pendant. Map. D’Ar-
BLay Let, 18 June, When I look at my dear baby, and see
its dimpling smiles. 1824 W. Irvine 7. Trav. I. 295
A trim, well made, tempting girl, with a roguish dimpling
face. 1844 Faser Sir Lancelot (1857) 7 With .. dimpling
globes of nuphar netted o'er, °
Dimply (di-mpli), a. [f. Diwere sd. +-y.] Full
of or characterized by dimples.
I Tuomson Winter 83 The wanderers of heaven ..
flutter round the dimply pool. 1727 Puitirs Ode to Miss
Pulteney Dimply dainss\, sweetly smiling. @1790 T. War-
TON Triumph of Isis Poet. Wks. (1802) I. 5 ‘The smooth
surface of the dimply flood. 1884 /édustr. Sydney News
26 Aug. 15/2 Aunt Flo's face grew dimply.
373
Dimps. dia/. Also g dumps. [? deriv. of
Dim, or dial. variant of dumps, Dump s6.] Dusk,
twilight.
1693 R. Lype (of Topsham, Devon) Retaking of Ship in
Arb. Garner VII. 450, I got no nearer than a mile from the
bar, in the dimps [dusk] of the night. 1886 ELwortny
W., Somerset Word-bk., Dumps, twilight ; same as Dinemet.
Hence Dimpsy a. dia/., dusky, as ‘It’s getting
a bit dimpsy.’ (Devonsh.)
Dim-si:ghted, a. Having dim sight (dé.
and fg.).
156x ‘I. Norton Calvin's /nst. 1. 11 b, Olde men. .or they
whose eyes are dimm sighted. ve SEDLOE Popish Plot
Aijb, They are very dim-sighted that cannot see through
such Impostures. 1775 Apair Amer. /nd. 230 Our dim-
sighted politicians. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge xxix, Mr.
Chester was not the kind of man to be .. dim-sighted to
Mr. Willet’s motives. 1887 Spectator 20 Aug. 1116 When
the dog gets old and dim-sighted.
Hence Di:msi'ghtedness.
1662 Hickerinciie Mks. (1716) 1. 278 It may seem cross
to us .. through our short and dimsightedness. 1822-56
De Quincey Confess. (1862) 190 If a veil interposes between
the dim-sightedness of man and his future calamities.
+Dimuwriate. Crem. Ods. [Di-2 2a 4]
The old name for a (supposed) compound of one
atom of hydrochloric acid with two of a base.
1838 I’. THomson Chem. Org. Bo-ties 228 When we dissolve
cinchonina in muriatic acid we always obtain a dimuriate
-. This is obviously 2 atoms of cinchonina to 1 atom of
muriatic acid.
Tim (di-miari), a. and sb. Zool. [f. mod.
L. dimyarius (Dimydria name of group), f. Gr.
&- twice + wi-s muscle (/z¢. ‘ mouse’): see -ARY !.]
A. adj. Double-muscled : said of those bivalve
molluscs which have two adductor muscles for
closing the shell. Also Dimyarian (dimi)é'rian)
a. B. sb. A dimyary bivalve.
1835 Topp Cycl. Anat, I. 712/2 Shells which have
belonged to dimyary mollusks. 1854 Woopwarp Jfollusca
(1856) 26 The cytherea and other dimyaries. 1866 Tatr
Brit. Mollusks ii. 18 The freshwater Conchifera are all
dimyarian bivalves.
Din (din), sé. Forms: 1-5 dyne, 1-7 dyn,
3.dune (7), 3-7 dine, 3- din (also 4 deone, dene,
5-6 dynne, 5-7 dinne, 7 deane, dynn, dinn),
[OE. dyne (:—OTeut.*dund-z), and dy722, corresp.
to ON. dynr din (:—*dunju-s or *dunjo-2) ; f. Ger-
manic root dun-: cf. Skr. dhiind roaring, a tors
rent; also ON. duna fem. ‘rushing or thundering
noise’ (perh. a later formation from the verb).
Elsewhere in WGer. only the derived vb. appears :
see next.] A loud noise; particularly a continued
confused or resonant sound, which stuns or dis-
tresses the ear.
a 1000 Satan 466 (Gr.) Se dyne becom hlud of heofonum,
a1o00 Sal. §& Sat. 324 (Gr.) Pet heo domes dazes dyn
zehyre. c1z00 7772. Coll. Hont. 117 Po com a dine of
heuene. c120g5 Lay. 11574 Per wes swide muchel dune
Peines per dremden. ¢ 1250 Gex. §& Ex. 3467 Smoke upreked
and munt quaked .. Ai was moses one in dis dine. 1340
Hampote Pr. Consc. 7427 Als wode men dose .. and makes
gret dyn. 1393 Lanc. P. PZ. C. xx1. 65 The erthe quook
.. And dede men for pat deon comen oute of deope graues.
cxg00 Destr. Troy 274 Sone he dressit to his dede &
no dyn made, 1 Stewart Crox. Scot. Il. 281 To
vincust thame with litill sturt or dyn. 1589 R. Harvey
P. Perc. (1590) 21 A man may stop his eares to hear the'r
dinne. 1610 Suaks. Zep. 1. 1. 371 Ile .. make thee rore,
That beasts shall tremble at thy dyn, 1667 Mitton ?. 2.
x. 521 Dreadful was the din Of hissing through the Hall.
1712 STEELE Sfect. No. 509 ? 2 The din of squallings, oaths,
and cries of beggars. 18x0 Scorr Lady of L. 1. iil, Faint,
and more faint, its failing din Returned from cavern, cliff,
and linn. 1848 Lytton Harold xt. vi, From the hall ..
came the din of tumultuous wassail. 1855 Macautay //is¢.
Eng. III, x All the steeples from the Abbey to the Tower
sent forth a joyous din, . A
b. The subjective impression of a sounding or
ringing in the ears.
16st Hospes Leviath, 1. i. 3 Pressing the Eare, produceth
a_dinne. 1787 Cowrer Let. 29 Sept., I have a perpetual
din in my head and .. hear nothing aright.
Din, v. Pa.t.and pple. dinned (dind). Forms:
I dynnan, dynian, 3 dunen, -ien, denie, dinen,
4 denen, dennen, donen, 4-6 dyn(n, 5 dunnyn,
4-din. [In I., OF. dynnan, dynian = OS. dunian
to give forth a sound, ON. dynja (dundi) to come
rumbling down, to gush, pour, MDu. and NRh.
dunen, MHG. tiinen to roar, rumble, thunder, all
:-OTeut. *dunjan, from root of Din sb. ON.
had also duna to thunder, rumble :—OTeut. *dz720-
jan. In Il. app. a new formation from the sb.]
I. +1. gtr. (In OE. and ME.) To sound, ring
with sound, resound. Ods.
Beowulf 1538 (Th.) Sidpeet se hearm-scada to Heorute
ateah, dryht-sele dynede. c 1205 Lay. 30410 Pa eorde gon
to dunien. a@rz2g Sé. Marher. (1866) 20 Pa puhte hit as
pah a punre dunede. a@1300 Cursor M. 1770 (Cott.)
erth quok and dind again [v.r7r. dinned, dynet, dened].
1300 K. Horn 592 Pe fole schok pe brunie Pat al pe curt
gan denie. 1375 Barsour Bruce xvi. 131 To schir colyne
sic dusche he gave That he dynnyt on his arsoune. ¢
Syr Gener. (Helm. MS.) 1b, He ae pe ced his houndes
and blew his horn, Al the forest dynned of that blast. 1513
Douctas 4éneis x1. i. 89 So lowd thair wofull bewaling
habundis, That all the palice dynnis and resoundis.
DINDLE.
+b. Of persons: To make a loud noise; to
roar,
c1450 Golagros § Gaw., vii, Than dynnyt the duergh, in
angir and yre, With raris, quhil the rude hall reirdit agane.
II. 2. ¢rans. To assail with din or wearying
vociferation.
1674 N. Fairrax Bulk & Selv. To Rdr., Why should the
ears of all the neighborhood be dinn’d .. with the Cackle?
1786 tr. Beckford’s Vathek (1868) 85, 1 want not to have my
ears dinned by him and his dotards. 1855 SINGLETON lirg7d
I. 377 With never-ceasing words On this and that side is
the hero dinned. 1872 Biack Adv, /’haeton xix. 265 Vhe
deafening causeway that had dinned our ears for days past.
3. To make to resound; to utter continuously so
as to deafen or weary, to repeat ad nauseam; esp.
in phr. Zo dz (something) 27/0 (some one’s, ears.
1724 Swirt Drapier’s Lett. Wks. 1755 V. u. 32 This hath
often been dinned in my ears. 1830 Scotr Demonol. vii.
218 Horrors which were dinned into their ears all day.
@ 1839 Praep Poems (1864) II]. 272 My own and other
people’s cares Are dinned incessant in my ears, 1842 S.
Lover Handy Andy i, The head man had been dinn
his instructions into him. 1877 BLack Green Past. xxxix.
(1878) 315 It was the one word Gazette that kept dinning
itself into his ears. ;
4. zntr. To make a din; to resound; to give
forth deafening or distressing noise.
1794 Worpsw. Guilt & Sorrow x\vi, Vhe bag-pipe dinning
on the midnight moor, 1820 W, Irvine Sketch Bh. 1. 63
His wife kept continually dinning in his ears about his
idleness. 1831 J. Witson Unimore vi. 13 Steep water-falls,
for ever musical, Keep dinning on. 1875 JowetT /’/ato
(ed. 2) III. 228, I am perplexed when I hear the voices of
Thrasymachus and myriads of others dinning in my ears.
Din, dial. form of Dun a.
|| Dinanderie (dénandar7z). [Fr.; f. Dénant,
formerly Dixand, a town of Belgium, on the Mcuse,
‘wherein copper kettles, etc, are made’ (Cotgr.
1611); so F. dinandier a copper-smith or brazier.]
Kitchen utensils of brass, such as were formerly
made at Dinant ; extended in recent times to the
brass-work of the Levant and India.
| 1863 Kirk Chas. Bold 1. viii. 343 Kitchen utensils. .which
| under the name of Dinanderie were known to housewives
| throughout Europe, being regularly exported not only to
| France and Germany, but to England, Spain, and other
countries.
| Dinar dinau1). Also 7 dina, dyna, denier, 8
denaer, g denaur, dinar, dinar. [Arab. and Pers.
| los dinar, a. late Gr. dqvapiov, a. L. dénarius :
see DENARIUS.] A name given to various oriental
coins: applied anciently to a gold coin, corre-
sponding to the Byzantine denarius aur?z, or crown
of gold, and to the gold mohr of later times; after-
wards to the staple silver coin corresponding to the
modern rupee ; in modern Persia a very small ima-
ginary coin, of which 10,coo make a tomaun (now
= about 7s. 6d., but in 1677 = £3. 65. 8¢., Yule).
1634 Sir T. Herpert 77av. 41 The usuall Coine .. within
the Moguls Territories are Pice, Mammoodees, Rowpees,
| and Dynaes. 1638 /é/d. (ed. 2) 38 The Dina is gold worth
| thirty shillings. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 407 And
| 100 Deniers one Mamoody. And 20 Pise one Shahee:
3oth which are Nominal, not Real. 1753 Hanway 7rav.
(1762) I. v. Ixiv. 292 The toman, bistie, and denaer are
imaginary. /é/d. 293 We always computed the mildenaer
or 1000 denaers, equal to an english crown of 5s. /d7d. 204
‘The silversmiths commonly make use of pieces of money
instead of weights, especially sisid denaers of 14 muscal in
weight. 1815 EvpHinstone Acc. Caubud (1842) L. 391 In
towns, the common pay of a labourer is one hundred
denaurs (about fourpence half-penny) a-day, with food.
1841 — //ist. Ind. I1. 67, 2000 dinars were given to him
‘to pay for his washing’. 1850 W. Irvine A/ahomet
xxxiil. (1853) 172 An annual tribute of three thousand dinars
| or crowns of gold. 1883 C. J. Witts Mod. Persia 63 nole,
| ‘The merchant-class, too, use the dinar, an imaginary coin.
.. one thousand dinars make a keran, so one dinar is the
Tar of od. ES ;
+ Dinarchy. Obs. rare—°. [a. obs. F. dénarchie
(Cotgr.), f. dé- improp. for Di-2 (after d2-, d7-)
+ Gr. dpx7 rule.]
1656 Biount Glossogr., Dinarchy, the joynt Rule or
Government of two Princes. 1721 Bawey, Dinarchy, a
Government by two.
Dinast-: see DyNast-.
Dinder. @a/. [app. a modification of dener,
dinneere, early forms of DentEeR.] A local term
for the denarii? or small coins found on sites of
Roman settlements, esp. at Wroxeter in Shropshire.
1778 Eng. Gazetteer (ed. 2) s.v. Roxces/er, Peasants,
often plough up coins, called Dinders, that prove its anti-
quity. 1847-78 Hatuwe tt, Dinders, small coins of the
lower mae Saad at Wroxeter, Salop. Spelt dyuders by
Kennett. 1859 Add Year Round No. 3. 55 The dullest
ploughboy working here .. picks up denarii, and calls them
dinders. "1873 C. W. Kine Early Chr. Numism. 256 The
clay disks, variously impressed, often found amongst Roman
remains in this country, popularly called dinders.
Dindge, var. of DinGE sd. and v.
Dindle (cdi:nd’l, din’l), v. Chiefly (now only)
Sc. and north. dial. In 5-6 dyn(d)le, 9 dinn’le,
dinnel, dinle. [Derivation obscure; probably .
more or less onomatopeeic; cf. dingle, tingle, and
tinkle; also Du. ¢intelen to ring, and to tickle, to
prick.or sting lightly, Flem, énghelen to sting
as a nettle (Kilian); also F. év¢i//ant, tinging,
DINDLE.
ringing, tingling, /éxtoner to ting often, to glow,
tingle, dingle (Cotgr.) ; in which there is a similar
association of the vibration of sound with the thrill
of feeling. ]
1. intr. To tinkle; to ring or make a noise that
thrills and causes vibration.
c 1440 Promp. Parv. 121/2 Dyndelyn, tinnio. 1808 Mayne
Siller Gun 1. 115 Wi’ that, the dinlin drums rebound.
Tennant Papistry Storm'd 5 Dinnelin Deaf Meg an
Crookit Mou [two Cannons] Begoud wi’ ane terrific blatter
At the great steeple ’s found to batter. 1893 Stevenson
Catriona 165 ‘The voice of him was like a solan's, and
dinnle'd in folks’ lugs.’ ; 4 :
b. ¢rans. To thrill or cause to vibrate with
sound, ;
(To dindle the sky =to make the welkin ing :
1513 Dovctas d£neis x. xiv. 160 Than the Latynis and
eyk pepill Troianys The hevynnys dyndlit [x dynlyt)
with a schowt at anis. 184§ IVhistlebinkie (Sc. Songs)
Ser. 111. (1890) I. 379 A steeple that dinlit the skye Wi’ a
clinkin’ auld timmer-tongued bell : 4
2. intr. To be in a state of vibration from some
loud sound, shock, or percussion; to tremble,
quiver, reel.
1470-85 Matory Arthur v. viii, He dyd commaunde hys
trompettes to blowe the blody sownes, in suche wyse that
the ground trembled and dyndled. 1§13 Doucias 42ueis
vu iv. 126 The are dyndlit [1553 dynlit), and all doun
can dusche. 1566 Dranr Horace Avij, They made the
quaueryng soyle To dindle and to shake again. 1814 Scott
Wan. xliv, ‘ Garring the very stane and lime wa's dinnle
wi’ his screeching.’ 1871 P. H. Wappett Psalm civ. 32
Wha leuks on the lan’, an’ it dinnles.
3. zntr. To tingle, as with cold or pain.
1483 Cath. Angl. 100/1 To Dindylle, condolere.
Sranyuurst in Holinshed Chron. (1587) I1. 26/1 His fingers
began to nibble. .his ears to dindle, his head to dazzle. 1787
Grose Province. Gloss., Dindle, to reel or stagger from a
blow. 185§ Rosinson WaAstby Gloss., To Dindle or Dinnle,
the thrill or reaction of a part after a blow or exposure to
excessive cold. 1892 Northumbld, Gloss., Dinnell, to tingle
as from a blow, or in the return of circulation after intense
cold. 1893 STEVENSON Catriona 173 ‘Young things wi’ the
reid life dinnling and stending in their members.’
Hence Dindling vé/. sd. and ffi. a.
1578 LancHAM Gard. Health 234 Eares ache and dindling,
put in the juice [of Feuerfew] and stope it in. 1635 D.
Dickson Pract. Wks. (1845) 1. 87 The dinneling of the rod
is yet in the flesh. 1669 W. Simpson //ydrol. Chym. go He
could after a while feel it .. run along his arms to his very
fingers ends, with adindling and pricking as it run along.
1808 [see Dinpe 7. 1.)
Dindle (di:nd’l, di-n’'l), 54.1 dia’. Also dinnle.
[f. Dinpie v.] A thrill, a tingle.
1818 Scott //rt. Midl. xxv, ‘ At the first dinnle o’ the
sentence.’ 1858 Mrs. Ouirnant Laird of Norlaw 111. go
It's something to succeed. -even though you do get a dinnle
thereby in some corner of your own heart. :
Di-ndle, 54.2 dial. Popular name of various
yellow Composite flowers : see quots.
1787 W. Marsnatt £. Norfolk Gloss., Dindles, common
and corn sow-thistles; also the taller hawkweeds. 1
BRITTEN & Horranp /’/ant-n., Dindle..(2) Leontodon
Varaxacum. Norf. Suff.
dle-dandle, v. [Reduplicated form of
DANDLE v., with change of vowel, expressing alter-
nation.) ¢rans. To dandle or toss up and down,
or to and fro.
c1sso Coverpate Carrying Christ's Cross x. (ed. 1) 107
Rem. (Parker Soc. 1846) 263; Whether it be semeli that
Chrystes body should be dyndle-danled & vsed, as thei vse it.
Dine (dain), v. [ME. dine-n, a. F. déine-r, in
OF. disner (digner, disgner) =Pr. disnar, (dirnar,
dinar), It. disinare, desinare, med.L. disnare (from
OF.). Generally held to be :—late L. type *dés-
jiunare, for disjejiinare to breakfast, f. dés- express-
ing undoing (Dis- 4) + 7ejvinium fast; the inter-
vening stages being d7sj’nar, disnar, disner.
In this view disner contains the same elements ulti-
mately as F, déjeuner, OF. desjuner to breakfast, Disyunt,
and owes its greater phonetic reduction (cf. aider:—L.
adjutdre) to its belonging to an earlier period. ‘The shift-
ing of meaning whereby disner ceased to be applied to the
first meal of the day, while its form ceased to recall L.
jejiininm or OF. jeiiner, would facilitate the subsequent
introduction of desjetiner with the required form and sense.]
1. intr. To eat the principal meal of the day, now
usually taken at or after mid-day ; to take Dinner.
Const. 0% or upon (what is eaten), off (a stock or
supply).
1297 R. Grovc. (1724) 558 [Hii] nolde panne wende
a vot, ar hii dinede lore
a my wil es with —_ to a 1362 Lancu. P. 7.
rol. 105 Goode gees ani s, Gowe dyne, gowe! ¢
Stans Puer 64 in Babees Be (1868) 31 And whneeds-seee
be to digne or to suppe, Of gentilnes take salt with
i knyf. 2 Trnpace Fohn xxi. 12
them ; come and dyne (Wycuir, ete 3¢; Rev. Vers. break
= fast]. a 1533 Lo. Berners non Ixii. 217 They rose &
erd masse, ynid. 4 Srenser /. Q. 4. ix. 35 His
raw-bone cheekes.. Were shronke into his iawes, as he did
never dine. ~ Suaxs. Meas, for M. w. iii. 159, | am
faine to dine sup with water and bran,
Tatler No. 104 P 1 Jeuny sent me Word she would come
1782 Cow!
would stare, If wife should dine at Edmonton, And I shou
dine at Ware. 1817 Byron ley xliii, I also like to dine
on becafi E Wks. (Bohn)
for] how
dines
eed sayde vnto |
(Sp.
| money :—L, déndrius : cf Dt
| to Stowe, the monument of Sir
874
b. Phrases. Zo dine forth or out: to dine away
from home. 70 dine with Duke Humphrey: to
go dinnerless.
Of this phrase the origin is not alt
17th c. it was associated with Old St. Paul's, London, and
said of those who, while others were dining, passed their
ace, or sitting in * the chair of Duke
ke Humphrey's table’. According
ohn Beauchamp there was
by ig peop d to be’ that of Humphrey
Duke of Gloucester, son of Henry IV (who was really buried
at St. —, Nares says an (adjacent) part of the church
was termed Duke Humphrey's Walk. (A different origin
is however given by Fuller.) The equivalent phrase in
Edinburgh appears to have been ‘To dine with St. Giles
and the Earl of Murray’ (who was interred in St. Giles’s
ether clear. In the
time walking in that
Humphrey’, or ‘at
| Church): see quot. 1680, and — Sc. Poetry 579.
| 41661 — Worthies, London (198),
1577
1590 SHaks. Com. Err. u. ii. 211 If any aske you for
Master, Say he dines forth. {xg90 G. Harvey Four Lett.
(Nares s. v. Duke Humphrey), Yo seek his dinner in Poules
with duke Humphrey. 1599 Br. Hatt Sat. it. vii. 6
Trow’st thou where he din’d to day? In sooth I saw him
sit with Duke Humfray.] 1604 Penniless Parl. Thread-
bare Poets (Farmer), Let me dine twice a week at Duke
Humphry’s table. {1633 Row.ey Match at AMidn, u, in
Hazl. Dodsley X11. 31 Are they none of Duke Pg yh
furies? Do you think that they devised this plot in Paul's
to get a dinner? Mayne City Match ui. iii. Ibid.
XI. 264 Your penurious father, who was wont To walk
his dinner out in Pauls..Yes, he was there As constant as
Duke Humphrey.) 1655 Futter Hist. Camb. (1840) 225
Being. sloth to pin himself on any table uninvited, he was
fain to dine with the chair of toes Huinphrey .. namely,
reading of books in a stationer’s shop in Paul's churchyard.
fter the death of Duke
Humphrey (when many of his former alms-men were at a
losse for a meal’s meat,) this proverb did alter its copy; to
dine with Duke Humphrey importing to be dinnerless.
1680 Fr. Semritt Banish. Poverty 87, 1 din'd with saints
and noblemen, Even sweet St. Giles and the Earl of Murray.
1748 Smotiett Nod. Xand. |v. (Farmer), My mistress and
her mother must have dined with Duke Humphrey, had I
not exerted myself. 1835 Cot. Hawker Diary (1893) II.
88, I was obliged to ‘dine with Duke Humphrey’, and
content myself with a few buns. [1858 Gen. P. THomrson
Audi Alt. 11. \xxviii. 33 To turn them all over to Duke
Humphrey's mess.]
+2. trans. To eat; to have for dinner. Ods.
cx Sir Ferumb, 1277 3yf ous sum what to dyne.
cx Cnaucer Sompn. T. 129 ‘ Now, maister’, quod the
wyf, ‘What wil ye dine?’ 1470-85 Matory Arthur xvi.
vili, She prayd hym to take a lytyl morsel to dyne.
8. To furnish or provide (a person) with a dinner ;
to entertain at dinner; to accommodate for dining
purpos
Lanci. Rich. Redeles 1. 60 The dewe dame
ee:
| dineth hem .. And ffostrith hem fforthe till they fle kunne.
¢ 1320 Senyn Sag. (W.) Pe |
1633 Row.ey Match at Midn. u. i. in Hazl. Dodsley X11.
28 As much bread. .as would dine a sparrow. a1z1q M.
Henry Jiks. (1835) 11. 674 He often dined the minister
that preached. 181g Scotr Guy M. xxvi, An oaken table
massive enough to have dined Johnnie Armstrong and his
merry men. 1 Lever 4. Lorrequer i, We. .were dined
by the citizens of Cork. 1876 G. Merenitn Beanch. Career
II. xi. 197 The way to ge your English .. is-to dine
him. _ Tilustr. Lond. News 4 Jane 644 The saloon is
capable of dining 118 passengers.
Dine (dain), s+. Ods. exc. dial, [f. Dine v.]
The act of dining; dinner.
c1400 Rom. Rose 6502 They ben so pore .. They myght
not oonys yeve me a dyne. 1560 Rotianp Crt, Venus ww.
631 That thay to thair dine suld dres thame haistelie. 1793
Burns Auld Lang Syne iii, We twa hae paidlet i’ the burn,
Frae mornin sun till dine. ?a1800 Fair Annie & Sweet
Willie xiii. in Child Badlads (1885) 111. Ixxiii. 194/1 When
ye come to Annie's bower, She will be at her dine.
Diner (daivnar). [f. Dine v. +-ER.]
1. One who dines ; a dinner-guest.
1815 L. Hunt Feast of /'oets 8 The diners and barmaids |
all crowded to know him. « Mayne Retw Scalp Hunt.
ii, After the regular diners had retired. 1881 //arfer’s
Mag. LXIII. 218 Dinners are far fewer than formerly, and
the diners are chosen rather more exclusively. :
b. Diner-out: one who is in the habit of
dining from home; esf. one who cultivates the
qualities which make him an eligible guest at
dinner-tables. ne
1807-8°Syp. Sairu Plymiley's Lett. Wks. 18: + 162/t
He is. .a diner out of the eo el lustre, 1824 Byron Juan
xvt. Ixxxii, A brilliant diner out, though but a curate. 1856
Mrs. Browntnc Anr. Leigh wv. Poems 1 Vi. "4 A
liberal landlord, graceful diner-out. 1862 Fraser's Mag.
July 46 He was also a don-vivant, a ‘diner-out' and a
story-teller, and a man of convivial habits.
2. U.S. A railway dining car. °
1890 C: cial Gas. (Cincinnati) 29 June, One coach,
the chaircar, sleeper and diner. .overturned. Columbus
— Dispatch 3 Jan., A new dining car which .. is the
rst diner. . built by that company.
Diner(e, obs. forms of DINNER. ,
|| Dinero (dinéro). dinero penny, coin,
TeR.] a. ‘A money
of account in Alicante, the twelfth part of a sueldo’
(Simmonds Dict. Trade 1858). b. A Peruvian
coin, one tenth of the sol, equivalent to about 4d.
English. ‘
P. Ketry Univ. Cambist i. 5 Each Sueldo being
divided into 12 Dineros, 1868 Seyp Budlion 147 The
—- Assay Mark is .. 12 dineros of 24 grains .. for
ver.
+Dines, Oés. [?a corruption of DicNxssE.]
In — By God's dines, by God's dignity or honour :
ef. Deniz.
| dings His horse with iron heel. 1674
DING.
1599 Porter A Wom, Abingd. y Soc.) 81 Giue
me erp i ae iat wedge dering
he ee ees ge Ld
.. by an
lam an Or a Wiad wot saaker eer. ae
+ Dine a. Obs. rare. [f. Gr. dunr-ds
whirled round (f. dé-eyv to spin round; cf.
whirling, rotation) + -1c.] Of or belonging to
rotation ; rotatory.
1668 Gianvitt Plus Ultra x. 72 Of the Spots and Dinet-
tick motion of the Sun. Oke :
+ Dine-tical, a. Ods. _[f. as prec. + AL] =prec.
resp tel pana eg Vv. 294 Es rom
a i 4 1 +?
mtg Pouss ah Piles an. Oh Theme deoeeen
ower Exp. . Wu great
"3 the Dinetical Motion of the Earth. 1691 Ray
Creation 71a) 193 A spherical figure is most commodious
for dinetical motion or revolution upon its own Axis.
Dinfal (di-nfil), a. [f. Din sé.+-Pun.] Full
of din or resonant noise ; noisy.
mpet-tongued exploits
Biackte Wise Men 31 The tru
of dinful war. 1889 A. T. Pask Eyes Thames 73 The
gong is beaten at quick intervals, but even that dinful
sound is not sufficient to keep one awake.
Ding (diy), v. arch. or dial. Also 4-6 dyng(e.
fa, t. sing. 4- dang (5- north.), 3-5 dong, 3-4
dannge, 4-5 dange, 7 dung; //. 4-5 dungen
(-yn), dongen, 5-6 dong(e, 6-7 dung ; also 4-5
dange, 4- (5~ north.) dang ; 4 (south.) dynged,
6 ding’d, dingde, 6-7 danged. a. pple. 3-6
dungen (-yn, -in), 5 dwngyn, doungene, 4-5
dongen (-yn, -un), 6— Sc. dung (6-7 doung, 6
donge) ; also 6-7 (south.) dingd, ding’d. [Fre-
quent from the end of the 13th c. (in later use chiefly
northern), but not recorded inOE. Probably from
Norse: cf. Icel. dengja to hammer, to whet a e,
Sw. ddnga to bang, thump, knock hard, Da.
to bang, beat. In Norse it is a weak verb, and
the strong conjugation in Eng., which after 15th c.
is Sc. or north. dial., may be on the analogy of sing,
fing, etc.: cf. Brine.)
+1. intr. (or absol.) To deal heavy blows; to
knock, hammer, thump. Obs. (or ? north. dial.)
a 1300 Cursor M. 19356 (Edin.) Pan wip — pai paim
suang, and gremli on pair corsis dange. ¢ 1300 //avelok 2329
Ps leymen on lea tabour dinge. 13.. Coer de'L. 5270 Kyng
tard sask is ax ful strong, And on the Sarezyn he
1393 Lanct. P. Pl. C. xvi. 179 ian ex be
aed + ne paul with his fauchon, T wolde defe:
euene dore - dynge ich neuere so late. Sa - Merry Fest
Mylner Abyngton 133 in Hal. £. P. P. UT. 105 With two
staues in the stoure They dange thereon, whyles they
myght doure. 1828 Scorr F. M. Perth xix, That Harry
Smith's head was as hard as his stithy, and a haill clan of
Highlandmen dinging at him?
2. trans. To beat, knock, strike with heavy blows;
to thrash, flog. Zo ding to death: to kill by re-
peated blows. (Now dial., chiefly Sc. or north.)
¢ 1300 Havejok 215 The king .. ofte dede him sore swinge,
And wit hondes smerte dinge. /é/d, 227 Thanne he hauede
ben .. ofte dungen. cx Metr, Hom. (1862) 71 Thai...
dange hym that hys tale edn. c1400 Afol. Loll. 38 He
pat bak his lordis wille, & maad him not redy to do ber
ro schal = dongun hg ey dingings. c 1400 Desir.
y : t er an © 1400
Yeoaine § Gawe. 3167 With his tay! the arth he dang. 4 a50p
Skevton Now sing we, §¢. 17 my body, Jewes
it donge with .. scourges ge 1533 Bectenven Livy un.
(1822) 115 He dang his hors with the spurris. 1§49 Comfpi.
Scot. xvii. 151 He [the horse] vas put in ane cart to
and drau, quhar he vas euyl dung & broddit. 1563-7 Bu-
CHANAN Reform, St. Andros Wks. ow Pap Nor 3it sal
te = to the said pedagogis. to ding t : hee: Pe.
‘ Song of : . iii, 11. XXY,
iis ee AL Rav WV. C, Words 14
To Ding, to Beat. 1862 Histor Prov. Scot, 88 He's sairest
dung that's paid wi’ his ain wand. Ramsay Remin.
v. 146 Let ae deil ding anither. Mod. Suffolk collog. Say
that again, and I'll ding you in the head.
+b. To crush with a blow, smash. Oés. en
¢ 1380 Sir Fernmb. 104, (1) wil kube on hem my ;&
by fe en hem al to douste. 1583 Sranynurst 2) mt,
rb) 89 Dingd with this squising and massive of
na.
+e. To thrust through, pierce (with a violent
thrust). Sc. Ods. :
1536 Be.Lenpen Cron. Scot. 1x. xxix. Vem) Scho dan,
be with ane to pe Rate one | mm fom
fd. XV. iX. dong row ly with ane
suerduiien fe Sey :
3. fig. To ‘beat’, overcome, su excel.
[1g00-20 Dunnar Poems xxxviii. 9 Dungin is the deidly
é vane 1734 ovge | Tea-t. Misc. (0 I. 24
tl we Scorr av,
Ie ding Balmawbappis out ‘and at, Hi Cheshire Glas,
i rpass tter of a person.
Sravinson Catriona 188 We'll ding the Campbells yet tn
their own town. Alod. Berwickshire Prov., Duns dings a’.
4. To knock, dash, or violently drive (a thing) in
some direction, e.g. , down, tn, out, off, over,
etc. 7Zoding down, to knock down, thrust down,
overthrow, demolish ; 40 ding out, to drive out or
expel by force.
nk P. B. 1266 Dixzten dekenes to debe,
dungen doun clerkkes. a rptt Tes ey ae
He dyngis out pe deuyl fra pe hertis of his seruaunt
set Pear te ree re ae
poop taal 36 Bot pai ware dwngyn welle away. 1513
dong.
lala
DING.
Douctas 4@ne/s x. v. 154 Manfully .. to wythstand At the
cost syde, and dyng thame of the land. c 1565 LinpEsay
Pisoone) Chron. Scot. (1728) 64 His Thigh-Bone_ was
ung in two by a Piece of a misframed Gun. @1572 Knox
Hist. Ref.Wks. 1846 I. 204 Thei dang the sclattis of [f] housis.
1593 NAsne Christ’s 7, 31a, The bespraying of mens
braines donge out against them. 1 Marston Pygmad.
vy. 156 Prometheus .. Is ding’d to hell. 1601 — Pasguil §
Kath. 11. 4 Hee dings the pots about. 1610 B. Jonson
Alch. v. v, Gur, Downe with the dore. Kas. ’Slight, ding
it open. 1613 Haywarp Norm. Kings 20 The Duke brand-
ishing his sword .. dug downe his enemies on euery side.
1644 Miron Aveop. (Arb.) 57 Ready .. to ding the book
a coits distance from him. 1645 RuTHErForD Lett. 357
That which seemeth to ding out the bottom of your com-
forts. 1 Urounart Rabelais 1. xxvii, He..dang in
their teeth into their throat. 1663 Sracpinc 7'r0ud. Chas. /,
(1829) 24 They masterfully dang up the outer court gates.
1676 Row Contin. Blair's Autobiog. ix. (1848) 145 Rudders
being .. dung off their hinges. 1686 tr. Chardin's Trav.
67 Wind .. which if it be violent dings ‘em upon the coast.
1785 Spanish Rivals 8 Sometimes he dings his own head
against a post. 1816 Scott O/d Mort. xxviii, ‘ You and the
white hae made a vow to ding King Charles aff the throne.’
1871 C. Gipson Lack of Gold xii, | have been .. trying to
ding you out of my head. 1886 Hatt Caine Son of Hagar
1. i, ‘ That's the way to ding 'em ouer.’
. Without extension. (In quots. zeuter passive,
as in ‘a loaf that cuts badly ’.)
1786 Burns A Dream iv, But Facts are cheels that winna
ding, An’ downa be disputed. A/od. Sc. Prov. Facts are
stubborn things; they'll neither ding nor drive [i. e. they
can neither be moved by force as inert masses, nor driven
like cattle].
+5. zntr. (for reft.) To throw oneself with force,
precipitate oneself, dash, press, drive. Ods.
¢ ape Sowdone Bab, 1263 Tho thai dongen faste to-geder
While the longe day endured. rds Hymns Virg. (1867)
122 All they schall to-gedyr drynge, And euerychon to oper
dynge. ¢1470 Henry | addace 1. 411 On ather side full fast
on him thai dange. 1627 Drayton 4/o0x Calf Poems (1748)
182 They .. drive at him as fast as they could ding.
b. To precipitate or throw oneself down, fall
heavily or violently. 70 ding on: to keep falling
heavily, as rain (but in this use, associated with
beating on). (Now only Sc.)
©1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 141 Greatt dukes downe
dynges for his greatt aw, And hym lowtys. - 1552 LynpEsay
Monarche 1422 Frome the Heuin the rane doun dang Fourty
dayis and fourty nychtis, 1602 Marston Antonio's Rev.
1v, iii, Wks, 1856 I. 123 As he headlong topsie turvie dingd
downe, He still cri’d ‘Mellida!’ 1663 Renesas Troub,
Chas. I (1829) 44 A great rain, dinging,on night and day.
c, To throw oneself violently about, to fling, to
bounce. 70 huff and ding: to bounce and swagger.
1674 Ray S. § £, C. Words 64 To Ding, to fling. 1680
New Catch in Roxb. Ball. V. 249 Jack Presbyter huffs
and dings, And dirt on the Church he flings. @1700 B. E,
Dict. Cant. Crew, To Huff and Ding, to Bounce and
Swagger. 1 Farquuar Beanz’ Strat. i. iii, I dare
not speak in the House, while that Jade Gipsey dings about
like a Fury. 1712 ArsuTHnot Yohun Bull u, iii, He huffs
and dings at such a rate, because we will not spend the
little we have left,
6. In imprecations; =Dasu v. 11. dial.
1822 Scorr Niged xxvii, ‘ Deil ding your saul, sirrah, canna
ye mak haste.’ @1860 J/aj. Younes Courtsh, (Bartlett),
You know it’s a dinged long ride from Pineville. 186x Gro.
Eutor Silas M. 85 Ding meif I remember asample to match
her. 1879 Tourcer Fool's Err. (1883) 292 Ding my buttons
if she ain’t more Southern than any of our own gals. 188:
F. Smitu in Trans. Amer. Philol. Soc. 47 Ding an
dinged, moderate forms of an oath .. peculiar to the South.
7. Slang or Cant: (see quot.).
1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Dict., Ding, to throw, or throw
aver i, te ding a person is to drop his acquaintance
totally; also to quit his company, or leave him for the
time present,
8. Arch. To cover a brick wall-surface with a
thin coat of fine mortar, trowelled smooth, and
jointed to imitate brickwork, not necessarily fol-
lowing the actual joints.
1893 A. Beazecey in Let. 21 Nov., An architect, who
showed me the letter containing the word Dinging told
me the verb is in living technical use. 1894 [see below].
Hence Di'nging vé/. sd.
1340 Hampo.e Psalter cxxii. 3 Pat he delyuer vs of all
temptacioun & dyngynge. 1340 — P. Consc. 7o10 Dyng-
yng of devels with hamers glowand. cx1q00 [see 2]. 1611
Coter., Enfonsure, a beating or dinging. ee Laxton's
Price Book 49 ‘ Dinging (a coat of thick lime-white and the
joints afterwards struck with a jointer)’.
ing (din), v7.2 [Echoic. But in use confounded
with Dine v.! and Diy z.]
1. zxtr. To sound as metal when heavily struck ;
to make a heavy ringing sound.
1820 SHELLEY Gidifus 1. 236 Dinging and singing, From
slumber I rung her. 1848 Dickens Domibey ix, Sledge
hammers were dinging upon iron all day long. 1871 Daily
News 20 Jan., The bellow of the bombardment .. has been
dinging in our ears.
2. intr. To speak with wearying reiteration. Cf.
Din v.
1582 in Calderwood Hist. Kirk (1842-6) III. 658 To ding
continuallie in his eares, and to perswade him to thinke
his raigne unsure, wanting his mothers benedictioun, 1847-
in Hatuiwett, Ding, to taunt; to reprove. 188r Miss
ACKSON Shropsh. Word-bk., s.v., The Missis ’as bin dingin’
at me.. about Bessey knittin’ the Maister a stockin’ in
aday, 1882in W. Worcestersh.Gl.
| Zo ding into the ears, ‘to drive or force into
the ears’, appears to unite this with Dine z.1 and
DIN v. :
375
1596 Datrympte tr. Leslie's Hist, Scot. iv. (1887) 233
Inculcating and dinging it in the eiris and myndes of a
1773 GotpsM. Stoops to Cong. u. iii, If I’m to have any
good, let it come of itself, not to keep dinging it, dinging
itinto oneso. 1853 THackeray in Four C, Eng. Lett.557 To
try and ding into the ears of the great, stupid, virtue-proud
English .. that there are some folks as good as they in
America. 1879 Browninc Ned Bratts 227 What else does
Hopeful ding Into the deafest ear except—hope, hope’s
the thing?
Hence Dinging v4/. sb. and ff. a.
1820 W. Irvine Sketch-bh., Boar's Head Tavern (1887)
139 The din of carts, and the accursed dinging of the dust-
man's bell. as
Ding (diy), sd.) dial. [f. Ding v.] The act
of dinging: a. a knock, a smart slap; b. a vio-
lent thrust, push, or driving.
a1825 Forsy Voc. E. Anglia, Ding, a smart slap; parti-
cularly with the back of the hand. 1876 Whitby Gloss.
Ding, a blow or thrust; the disturbance of a crowd, ‘A
ding an’ a stour’, a commotion and dust.
Ding, s/.2 and adv. The stem of Dine v.2, used
as an imitation of the ringing sound of a heavy bell,
or of metal when struck. Often adverbial or with-
out grammatical construction, esp. when repeated.
1600 Suaks. 4. Y. Z.v. iii. 2r When Birds do sing, hey
ding a ding, ding. 1801 M. G. Lewis 7ades of Wonder,
Grim White Woman xxiii, ‘Ding-a-ding! ding-a-ding !’
Hark! hark! in the air how the castle-bells ring! 1808
Mayne Siller Gun wv. 143 Ding, ding, ding, dang, the bells
ring in. a184s Hoop 70 Vauxhall 2 It hardly rains—and
hark the bell !—ding-dingle. 1859 Capern Ball. § Songs
g2 Whistling and cooing, Ding, down, delly.
§ Confounded with Din sd.
1749 J. Ray Hist. Red. (1752) 383 The noisy ding of the
great falls of water. 1868 Doran Saints & Sin. 1. 114 The
Puritan pulpits resounded .. with the ding of politics.
t aoe sh.3 Obs, Also dinge.
household vessel.
1594 Juv. in Archvol. XLVIII. 131 Imprimis one great
dinge for bread iiij*, 1624 /éid¢. 150 One trunck, one ding,
one flagon.
Ding, Sc. var. Diener a. Ods. worthy.
+Ding-ding. Ovs. Also ding-dong.
expression of endearment.
1564 BuL.teyn Dial. agst. Pest (1888) 91 He goeth a
woyng, my dyng, dyng; and if he spedeth, my dearlyng,
what getteth he, my swetyng? 1602 Wirnats Dict. 61 My
ding-ding, my darling. @161r Beaum. & FL. PAilaster v.
iv, Let Philaster be deeper in request, my ding dongs, My
pairs of dear indentures, kings of clubs.
Bing-dong (dindg'y), adv.,sb.and a. [Echoic.]
A. adv., or without grammatical construction.
1. An imitation of the sound of a bell.
ce1g60 T. Rycnarves Afisogonus in Collier Hist. Dram.
Poetry (1879) II. 376 [In the midst of his play he hears the]
‘saunce bell goe ding dong’, 16x0 Suaks. emf. 1. ii, 403
Full fadom fiue thy Father lies .. Sea-Nimphs hourly ring
his knell. (Burthen: ding dong) Harke now I heare them,
ding-dong bell. 1675 Drypen Mistaken Husb, 1. ii, ‘Vhe
Gold in his Pocket Chimes ding dong. 1844 Dickens
Christm. Carol v, Clash, clang, hammer; ding, dong, bell.
Bell, dong, ding. a 188g Rossetti Ws, (1890) II. 343 And
bells say ding to bells that answer dong.
2. ‘Hammering away’ at a subject; in good
earmest, with a will.
1672 R. Witp Poet. Licen. 29 Their learned men will
write Ding-dong. 1680 Otway Cazus Marius ut. ii, They
are at it ding dong. 1719 D'Urrey Pid/s (1872) VI. 361 We
rallied the Church militant, And fell to work ding-dong, Sir.
1825 Miss Mitrorp in L’Estrange L7f% (1870) II. 207,
I shall set to work at the ‘ Heiress’ ding-dong. 1888 EL-
wortuy W, Somerset Word-bk., Ding-dong,in good earnest,
vit? _ .. We in to it ding-dong, hammer and tongs.
- 50.
1, The sound of a bell, a repeated ringing sound ;
a jingle of rime in verse or song; also a bell or
other instrument that makes a ringing sound. 2
c1560 T. Rycuarpes Misegonus in Collier Hist. Dram.
Poetry (1879) II. 375 [The old gentleman pulls the points
off his own hose to give them as a reward to Cacurgus,
who calls them ‘ding-dongs *, and rejoices that some of
them have ‘golden noses’.] 16xr Corcr., Dindan, the
ding-dong, or ringing out of bells. 1709 Brit. Apollo 11. No.
70. 3/2 Her Sing-Songs..sound as well as Country Ding-
Dongs. @1845 Hoop Pair'd not Match'd ix, If the bell
Would ring her knell, I'd make a gay ding-dong of it.
1 Emerson Lett. §& Soc. Aims, Poet. §& Imag. Wks.
(Bohn) III. 158 Who would hold the order of the almanac
so fast but for the ding-dong, ‘ Thirty days hath September,
etc.’? bid. 160 They do not longer value rattles and ding-
dongs, or barbaric word-jingle.
2. Horology. An arrangement for indicating the
quarters of the hour by the striking of two bells of
different’tones. Also adtrzd.
1822 Scorr Nigel i, O! St. Dunstan has caught his eye ..
he stands astonished as old Adam and Eve ply their ding-
dong. 1860 E. B. Denison Clocks § Watches (1867) 170
When there are more than 2 bells the hammers are worked
by a chime barrel, b the ch are not g ly the
same thing seeeatt as they are with ding dong quarters.
/bid. 171 This may be .. made to indicate half quarters ..
at about 50 min. past the hour .. the clock would strike
3 ding dongs and one bell more.
3. A term of endearment ; = DrnG-pine, q. v.
C. aaj. (attrib. use.)
1. Of or pertaining to the sound of bells or the
jingle of rime.
Ding-dong theory, in Science of Lang., a humorous name
for the theory which refers the primitive elements of lan-
guage to phonetic expression naturally given to a con-
ception as it thrilled for the first time through the brain,
An
|
Some kind of |
DINGHY.
the utterance thus called forth being compared to the sound
naturally emitted by a sonorous body when struck.
1792 Soutuey Left. (1856) I. 9 You complain of the bells
at Portslade, dingdong spot. 1820 — Devil's Walk 39 In
ding dong chime of sing-song rhyme. 1872 A. J. Etuis
Presid, Addr. to Philol. Soc. 10 Take the three principal
theories, irreverently termed Pooh-fooh! Bowavow! and
Ding-dong! Ibid. 13 The Ding-dong theory has, so far as
I know, received no other name; let us call it syaphonesis.
1880 D. Asner tr. L. Geiger's Hist. Hum, Race 28 It has
in England been called the ding-dong theory.
2. Characterized by a rapid succession or alterna-
tion of blows or vigorous strokes ; vigorously main-
tained, downright, desperate. L7ng-dong race: a
neck-and-neck 1ace.
1864 Daily el. 7 Dec., A ding-dong race ensued for the
remainder of the distance, 1870 Daily News 7 Dec., Could
they hold the place under such a ding-dong pelting? 1879
Pall Mall Budget 17 Oct. 22 To read the .. story of
that ding-dong fighting. 1883 W. E. Norris No New
Thing U1. xxxv. 224 If it came to a regular ding-dong
tussle between us. 1883 E. Pennene-Etmnirst Cream
Leicestersh. 333 By help of example and ding-dong deter-
mination, .
3. dial. ‘ Great, startling, extraordinary.’
1887 5S. Cheshire Gloss. s.v., I've gotten a job... the wages
bin nothin’ very ding-dong.
D. Comb. ding-dong-do'ggedly adv. (nonce-
wd.), with vigorous and dogged repetition of effort.
1870 Dickens Lett (1880) II. 439, I have been most per-
severingly and ding-dong-doggedly at work.
Di'ng-dong, v. [Echoic: cf. prec. sb.]
Ll. gtr. ‘Yo ring as a bell, or like a bell; also fy.
in reference to persistent or monotonous repetition.
1659 ‘TorriAno, /7xtil/are, to jangle, to gingle, to ding-
dong, or ring shrill and sharp, as some bells do. 1837
CartyLe ry, Rev. u. tv. i, But hark .. the tocsin begins
ding-dong-ing. a@x1845 BarHam J/syol. Leg, Anight &
Lady, First dinner bell rang out its euphonious clang At
five .. and the last Ding-donged. at half-past. 1890 Daily
News 2 Jan. 5/3 She rarely takes up a new song .. year by
year she ‘ding-dongs at the same old ditties’, 1891 G.
Merepitu One of our Cong. (1892) 136 You could have
hammer-nailed and ding-donged to your heart's content.
2. ¢rans. ‘To assail with constant repetition of
words. b. To repeat with mechanical regularity.
1797 T. Park Sonnets 85 Honest Ned Whose jealous wife
ding-dongs him. 1854 W. Waterwortu Lug, § Rome 173
Some men. .dare to ding dong in our ears the words.
Dinge (dindz),s/. Also7 dindge. [See next.]
A broadish dint or depression on a surface caused
by a knock or blow; aslight hollow or indentation.
1611 Cotcr., Bossedure, a bruise, dindge, or dint, in a
1844 Bamrorp Life of Radical
. dinges on the crown. 1862
orld in Church xvii. (1865) 189 In my keep-
ing your pride shall not even get a dinge. 1884 Cheshire
Géoss., Dinge, an indentation. 1894 7 fmes 27 Oct. 8/1 The
paint only 1s scratched, and there is not a dent or dinge
anywhere else.
Dinge, v.! Also 7 dindge. [app. a northern
dialect word, of recent appearance in literature;
origin uncertain.
Possibly representing an earlier “dexge from ON. dgngya
to hammer, bang, beat: see Dina v., and cf. s¢zge from OF.
sengan i—sangjan. But later onomatopazic origin from
dint seems also possible.]
trans. To make a broadish hollow or depression
in the surface of (anything), as by a knock ; to dint,
bruise, batter.
1611 Cotar., Bosseler, to dindge, or bruise, to make a dint
in vessell of mettall, or in a peece of plate. 1869 Lovsdale
Gloss., Dinge, to dint, to bruise, to make a hollow. 1871
Daily News 21 Sept., Its brass scabbard is dinged and bent
in two or three places. 1888 Sheffield Gloss., Dinge, to
indent, to bruise. (lt rhymes with Azzge.)
Hence Dinged (dindzd) Af/. a. ; dinged work,
repoussé work in metal.
1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Dinged-work, work embossed
by blows which depress one surface and raise the other.
1885 Firzpatrick Life 7. N. Burke 1. 239 A heavy long-
tailed coat and a dinged high hat.
Dinge, v.2 dal. or rare collog.
Diney a.) trans. To make dingy.
1823 Lams Elia Ser. 1. Amicus Rediv., A suit, originally
of a sad brown, but which .. has been dinged into a true
professional sable. 1883 Chamb, Frni. 525 ‘ My cabin is
rather dinged’ was the apology of the oyster dredger as he
ushered me into his yawl. x Rutland Gloss., s.v., It
dinges (or ?dingies) my hands sitting in the house.
Dinged f//. a.!: see Dine v.! 6.
Dinged (dindzd), £/. 2.2: see Dince vl
Dingee. wonce-wd. [f. Dincuy: cf. BaRGEE.]
One of the crew of a dinghy.
1836 E. Howarn R. Reefer xxxiv, I ordered the dingees
to be piped away. :
+ Dinger. Oss. ? =Dine sb.3
1533 J. Kene in Weaver Wedls Wills (1890) 40, Ij candel-
styks of latyn, vj dyngers of pewter.
|| Dinghy, dingey (digi). Also 9 dingy,
dingee, dinghee. [a. Hindi géngi or ding small
boat, wherry-boat, dim. of dézga. donga, a larger
boat, sloop, coasting vessel. ‘Ihe spelling with
# in Eng. is to indicate the hard g.] :
1. Originally, a native rowing-boat in use upon
Indian rivers ; of various sizes and shapes, resem-
bling sometimes a canoe, sometimes a wherry, In
the West of India applied to a small sailing-boat
used on the coast.
[Belongs to
DINGILY.
{x Rigging & Seamanship 1. Dingas vessels
gael uk Seba’ hell aes & m pt 7 i
with paddles, y have one mast .. which rakes much
forward. On the mast is hoisted a sail .. bling a
settee-sail.] 1810 ‘I. Wittiamson £. /ud. Vade Mecum
II. 159 (Y.) On these larger’ pieces of water there are usuall
canoes, or dingies. 1832 Munpy Pen & Pencil Sk. Ind. ID
148 A little dinghee, or Ganges wherry. Burnes
Trav. Bokhara (ed, 2) I. 15 We were met several
‘dingies’ full of armed men. 1845 Stocqueter Handbk.
Brit. India (1854) 185 Wherries, or dinghees, manned by
swo rowers and a steersman, are to be found in numbers at
all the wharfs. 185 Great Exhib. Offic. Cat. 11. 909 The
Dingee or Bum-boat of Bombay, is a small boat, from 12 to
20 feet in length. .with a raking mast, and a yard the same
length as the boat. /é/d. g10 Cutch Dingee. These vessels
are from 30 to 50 feet in length .. some of them are decked
wholly, others only abaft the mizen mast, and a small part
forward. 1879 F. Pottox Sport Brit. Burmah 1. 19 We
set out on our hopeless task in a small dinghy.
2. Hence extended to small rowing-boats used
elsewhere: spec. &. ‘a small extra boat in men-of-
war and merchant ships’ (Smyth Sailor’s Word-
bk.) ; also, the boat or ‘tender’ of a yacht, steam-
launch, or similar craft; b. a small pleasure row-
ing-boat; usually on the Thames, a small light
skiff, clinker-built, for one, sometimes two, pair
of sculls, and with or without outriggers.
1836 Marryar Midsh. Easy xi, Jump up here and lower
down the dingey. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. viii. (1879) 169
Mr. Chaffers took the dingey and went up two or three
miles further. 1873 Daily News 16 Aug., Credit must..
be given to the scullers for even venturing out in their little
dingies in such rough water. 1882 Nares Seamanship
(ed. 6) 147 A dingy is..useful for landing the men. 1884
Jllustr. Lond. News 20 Sept. 268/3 ‘They had but just time
to get into the dinghy, a boat 13 ft. long and 4 ft. wide
. in which they drifted nearly a thousand miles across the
Atlantic. 1885 Act 48-9 Vict. c. 76 § 29 The term ‘ vessel’
shaJl include any .. boat, randan, wherry, skiff, dingey,
shallop, punt, canoe, raft, or other craft.
3. Comb. dinghy-man
1878 D. Kemp J'acht & Boat Sailing (1880) 518 Dinghy-
man, ‘The man who has charge of the dinghy of a yacht,
whose duty it is to go ashore on errands.
Dingily (di-ndzili), adv.! [f. Diney a. +-Ly 2.]
In a dingy manner; with a dirty or dull black
appearance.
1826 Lit. Souvenir 102 This wainscotting .. looks but
dingily. 1830 Fraser's Mag. 1. 757 ‘Trowsers, dimly and
dingily seen through the separation of his swallow-tailed
coat. 1837 Haw Horse Twice-fold 7. (1851) II. xv. 226
Yonder dingily white remnant of a huge snow-bank,
+ Dingily, adv.2 Vbs. nonce-wd. [?f.D1NG v.]
? Forcibly, as one that digs a thing down.
arsss Puror Exam. & Writ. (Parker) 370 These .. do
confute so dingily the sentence and saying of Floribell.
Dinginess (dindzines). [f Dincy a. +-NEss.]
The quality or condition of being dingy ; disagree-
able want of brightness or freshness of colouring.
1818 in Topp. 1824 W. Irvine 7. Trav. 1. 208 Something
in. .the dinginess of my dress. . struck the clerks with rever-
ence. 1867 Trottore Chron. Barset IL. xlv. 10 A certain
dinginess of appearance is respectable. 1888 Miss Erapvon
Fatal Three. ii, There was not even a flower-box to redeem
the dinginess of the outlook. .
Dingle (ding’l), 56. [Of uncertain origin. A
single example meaning ‘deep hollow, abyss’
is known in 13th c ; otherwise, the word ap-
pears to have been only in dialectal use till the
17th c., when it began to appear in literature. In
the same sense dzmb/e is known from the 16th c.
Dimble and dingle might be phonetic doublets: ef.
crambleand crangle.] A deep dellor hollow; now
usually applied (app. after Milton) to one that is
closely wooded or shaded with trees ; but, accord-
ing to Ray and in mod. Yorkshire dialect, the name
of a deep narrow cleft between hills.
ax240 Sowles Warde in Cott. Hom. 263 His runes ant
his domes pe derne beod ant deopre pen eni sea dingle
{=abyss of the sea: cf. Ps. xxxv. 6 I'ndg. Judicia tua
abyssus multa}]. 1630 Drayton A/uses Elizium ii. 29 In
Dingles deepe, and Mountains hore .. They cumbated the
tusky Boare. 1634 Mitton Comns 311, 1 know each lane,
and every alley green, Dingle, or bushy dell of this wild
wood. 1636 James /ter Lew: At nara Dingles and
. 14 Di
y® Apennines. 1674 Ray N.C. Words ingle, a small
clough or valley between two steep hills. 1757 Dyer
Fleece 1. 134 Dingles and dells, by lofty fir embow'r'd. 1796
Sourney Occas. Pieces v. Poems 11, 226 Seek some seques-
tered dingle’s coolest shade. 1810 Scorr Lady of L. uu. i.
12 Both field and forest, dingle, cliff, and dell, And solitary
heath, the signal knew. Whitby Gloss., Dingle, a
cleft or narrow valley between two hills,
Hence Dingly a., abounding in dingles, of the
nature of a dingle.
1841 Hopveson //ist. Northmbld. u. Il. 734 Stone-
croft burn..joins the dingly channel of the brook. 1855
Chamb, rnd. ILI. 260 Sweet dingly dells and bosky bowers.
Dingle (di'ng’l), v. [In sense 1 app. dim. of
Dine v.2: cf. tingle, jingle. But in the other
senses mixed up with dindle and tingle.]
1. intr. To ring as a bell, or glass; to tinkle,
jingle. Hence Dingling vd/. sd.
ps Praep Poems {186s) II. 220 Thus north and south,
and east and west, ‘The chimes of Hymen dingle. 1849
Knife & Fork 16 Amid the dingling of glasses. _
+ 2. intr. To ring or tings as the ears with sound.
1573-80 Barer Al. D 750 Dingle or dindle: mine eares
ring, or dingle, tiniunt anres.
376
3. intr. and trans. To tingle (with cold, a blow,
| ‘ete.). *
owe happen to be
» 1877 N. W. Linc. Gloss., Dingle,
nettled mysen, an’ my fingers dingles unberable.’ 1886 S. HW’.
Linc. Gloss. s.v., My arm begins to dingle and feel queer.
4. intr. To vibrate with sound ; = DINnDLeE v. 2.
1833 Scorr War. xliv, ‘Garring the very stane-and-lime
wa’s dingle wi’ his screeching.’ [So later edd.; original
ed., 31814, had dinnle, the Scotch form of Dixpte.]
le-bird. [f. Dixciev.'] The bell-bird
of Australia, Myzantha melanophrys.
DINING-ROOM.
Dinter soy coted wih 1888 Berksh. Gloss.,
dirt.
a (eeageoenely? dark and dull colour or
appearance ; formerly applied to a naturally
blackish or dusky brown colour; but now usually
implying a dirty colour or aspect due to smoke,
prime, ust, weathering, or to deficiency of day-
ight and freshness of hue; and so of depreciatory
connotation.
1751 R. Lioyp
{Envy’s] chariot, drawn by d 5
dingy car pe on 9 Sir J. ae Hist.
nim, | smoak
disti ¥, f in it. 1790 G. Buss th Mthelstan's Ode
1870 WiLson Austral. Songs 30 The bell-like chimings of
Has Poems 78, 1.. list
the distant dingle-bird.
the tinkling of the dingle-bird.
ea (di-ng’l\dzeng’l), adv., sb.1,
and a. ie . f. Dancie. Cf. Icel. and Sw.
dingla to dangle, Da. dingle to dangle, to bob.]
A. adv, Ina dangling manner ; hanging loosely.
1598 FLorio, Spendolone, dingle-dangle, dangling downe.
1611 Corcr., 77tballer..to goe dingle dangle, wig wag.
1785 Warton Notes on Milton (V.), By dingle.. he un-
ater boughs hanging dingle-dangle over the edge of
the dell,
B. sé. A dangling or swinging to and fro;
concr. a dangling appendage.
1622 Masse tr. Aleman's Guzman D'Alf. 1. 240 With
as many Bobs and other Dingle-Dangles hanging at every
one of these. 1702 VansruGu False Friend u.i, He'll be
hanged : and then what becomes of thee?..Why, the honour
to a dingle-dangle by him. 1855 Cart. CuHamier Yourn.
France, etc. 1. xi. 173 Rustic beauties, who. .adorned their
hair with silver skewers and with dingle-dangles.
C. adj. Hanging loosely and moving to and fro;
swinging, dangling.
a 1693 Urquuart Rabelais mt. 11 (Jam.) This dingle-
dangle wagging of my tub. 1746 Brit. Mag. 294 This
dingle dangle Figure of Gallantry that capers next.
So Di‘ngle-da-ngle v., to hang loosely dangling
or swinging to and fro.
1632 Suerwoop, To dingle-dangle, tritaller. 1708 Wit-
son, etc. tr. Petronius Arbiter 46 Purple Tassels and
Fringes dingle dangle about it. 1 Lonsdale Gloss.,
Dingle-dangle, to dangle loosely .. said of pendulous or
swinging objects.
clan peta ti er sb.2 rare—', [f. Dinc-pona:
cf. DINGLE v.] dingling or ringing of metal.
1708 Mottevx Rabelais v. i. (1737) 2. This dingle dangle
with Pans, Kettles, and Basons, the Corybantin Cymbals
of Cybele.
So Dingle-dongle v. [after Dinc-pone].
1859 Carern Bal. & Songs 41 The dinner-bell, the dinner-
bell, That dingle dongles through the dell.
Dingne, obs. form of DicNkE a., DINE v.
|| Dingo (dingo). [Native Australian name in
an obs. dialect of N.S. Wales.
‘The nearest name in Ridley AKamilaroiis janghd in the
(now probably extinct) language of George's River; in the
extinct Turuwul of Botany Bay, the name was jaguug.] |
The wild, or semi-domesticated dog of Australia,
Canis dingo.
1789 ‘Venci Botany Bay 83 The only domestic animal they
[the Aborigines] have is the dog, which in their language
is called Dingo. 1790 J. Hunter App, White's Voy. N.S.
Wales Wks. 1837 1V. 493 A Dingo, or Dog of New South
Wales, 1802 _G. Barnincton //ist, N.S. Wales xi. 430
The Dog or Dingo barks in a way peculiar to itself. 1852
Mounpy Our Antipfodes vi. 153 The dingo, warragal, or
native dog does not hunt in packs. 1868 CaxLeton A ustrad.
Nights 5 ‘The fierce dingo’s hideous eye, 1 Tilustr.
Sydney News 26 Aug. 5/3 The. .sundowners. .are becoming
as rare as the dingoes.
+ Di ift (di-nfrift). Oss. [f. Dine vit
Turirs.] A spendthrift, a prodigal.
1 Drant Horace’ Sat. i. (R.), Wilte thou therefore, a
drun be A ding thrift and a knaue? 1 E. Hake
Newes Powles Churchyarde Eijb, That gallowes should
such Dingthrifts recompence. 1624 SANDERSON mM,
(1632) 494 The Ding-thrifts proverbe is, Lightly come,
lightly goe. 1681 W. Ronertson Phraseol. Gen. (x 93) 1160
e spendthrift or di pola had spent that money alsb.
attrib, & Br. Hatt Sat. iv. v. 59 The ding-thrift
heire, his shift-got summe a
2. The name of an obsolete <a.
x312 in Mem. Rifon Il. 72 Will. Pi de Rypon .. fuit
inventor. .cujusdam ludi pestiferi et a jure reprobati, qui in
vulgari dicitur Dyngethryftes, (1887 Academy 3 Sept. 147/3-]
Hence Dingthrifty mal hee wasteful.
1655 R. Younce Agst. Drunkards 3 What may the many
millions of these ding-thrifty dearth-makers consume,
Dingy (di-ndzi), @. [A recent word of obscure
origin ; not recognized by Dr. Johnson. Richard-
son (1837) says ‘ Dingy and dinginess are common
in 5 , but not in writing’, and gives only quot.
1790 (sense 2). If Pegge's and Ellis's word be
the same (which from the ambiguity of the spell-
ing mg is uncertain) it would appear to be a
south-eastern dialect word which has slowly made
its way into literary use. :
Pa has been cmmeewens to ba a doe Os . =
voured by the explanation of sense 1, given by Pegge,
in other dialect Nossarien : but the pronunciation should
then have been Gini Also the ly quots. for sense 2
apres to refer solely to colour.) @:
dial. Dirty. p P —
© Peccr Kenticisms, Dingy, dirty. ¥ + Etws
st nente Guide 35% What we, in Hertfordehire, call tag-
ging a sheep .. is cutting .. away, with a pair of shears, the
-searce warmed his lawyer's cushion.
Victory 27 in Spec. Eng. Poetry (Y.), On the dingy sea
[mistransl. of OE. on dinges (dynges, dyniges, dinnes) mere)
Over deep waters, Dublin they seek. 1794 Souwan View
Nat. IL. 374 The dingy vault, in whose profundity we were
lost. hui Advertiser 27 Feb. 2/3 The dingy mother
{an African woman] rov’d With eager step, and sought her
child. 1826 Disragut Viv. Grey ui. vii, Its pl ec ofa
dingy, yellowish white. Mag tt age Hist. Lit. 1. iii. 1.
§ 60. 180 Herds of buffaloes, whose dingy hide .. contrasted
with the greyish hue of the Tuscan oxen. 1854 HawTHorne
Eng. Note-bks. (1879) 1. 358 A dim, dingy morning. 1855
Macautay “ist. Eng. 1V. 603 Wretchedly printed on scraps
of dingy paper such as would not now be thought good
enough or street ballads. 1866 G. MacponaLp Aun, Q.
Neighb. xiii. (1878) 268 A great faded room, in which the
prevailing colour was a dingy gold Brack Green Past.
xxxv, (1878) 280 His clothes getting dingier .. summer by
summer, 1884 Manch. Exam. 13 May 5/2 More disagree-
able than the dingy weather and unlovely streets without.
b. fig. Shabby, shady in reputation.
1855 ‘THackeray Newcomes 11.319 Doing me the honour
to introduce me by name to | dingy acquai
1881 H. James Portr. Lady xxi, | know plenty of dingy
people ; [ don’t want to know any more.
3. Comb., as dingy-looking adj. ; frequently quali-
fying colours, as dingy white, yellow, etc.
1774 Strance in PAil. Trans. LXV. 40 Angular lapilli
.. of a dingy-whitish colour. 1838 T. Beare Nat. Hist.
Sperm Whale (1839) 377 A crowd of dingy-looking natives.
x W. Mciiwraitn Guide Wigiesiee 45 The church
is a dingy-looking edifice.
Dingy, var. of Dincuy.
Dinic (di‘nik), a. and sb, rare. [f. Gr. 80-05
a whirling + -1C.]
A. adj. Relating to dizziness or vertigo, B. sd.
A medicine used to cure dizziness. Also Divnical
a,, in same sense.
{x Puitiwrs (ed. Kersey), Dinica, Medicines against
pL kasd 1721 Bawey, Dinicks, Medicines agai the
Vertigo or Dizziness in the 1854-67 C. A. Harris
Dict. Med. Terminol., Dinical, medicines which relieve
vertigo. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex. Dinic, of, or belonging to,
giddiness, Also, applied to medicines that remove giddiness.
ining (doi'nin', v4/. 56, [f. Dine v.+-1NG !.]
1. The action of the verb Ding; a dinner.
2a 1400 Arthur 142 Pere was Vrweyn pe kynge Of scottes
at bat dynynge. 1646 Crasnaw Poems 212 Whole days and
suns devoured with endless dining. 1815 Jane AusTEN
Persuas. (1833) 1. viii. 268 This was but the —s of
other dinings and other meetings. — Cartyte Fr. Rev.
ut. 1. iii. (1857) IL. 227 Dinings with the Girondins,
attrib, 1806 Syp. Suitn ELlem, Sk. Mor. Philos. (1850)
332 Dining and supping virtues. 1831 Caruyie Sart, Res.
1. xi, Dining repartees and other ephemeral trivialities.
b. Dining-out: dining out of one’s own house.
1861 Witsow & Geixte Mem, E. Forbes iii. 83 Occasional
dinings out and tea-drinkings are recorded. TYNDALL
in Daily News 2 Oct. 2/4 Faraday .. formally renounced
dining out. : iRalg 34 o6
2. Comb. with sense ‘ used for dining’, as dining-
cap, -hall, -parlour, -place; + dining-bed, the
couch on which the Romans reclined at table
(obs.) ; dining-car, -carriage, coach, a railway
carriage fitted up for dining on the joumey;
dining-chamber = D1n1NG-R0oM ; dining-table,
a table for dining at; spec. a rectangular table
with legs at the four corners, and capable of en-
largement by the insertion of leaves.
1581 Savine /acitus' Hist. 1. Ixxxii. (1591) 46 Otho stand-
ined their rage.
the
his "dining bed .. at - refi ¢
asne Lenten Siuffe (:87) 94 An infant squib of
not half his —S or
ig. Ree ‘ag.
5 Jan. 240 (from Baltimore American All that is wanting
now isa “dining car, Mod. Advt., First and Third Class
*Dining Carriages between London and Glasgow. 1597
Suaxs. 2 //en, /V, u. i. 153 To pawne both my Plate,
the Tapistry of my *dyning bers. a1625 Fiercner
Nice Valour u.i, Whata great Vie Betwixt Love's
dining-chamber, and his 1890 7imes (weekly ed.)
1 Mar. 1/3 A *dinin, and two passenger coaches were
. forced through the structure. 1761 Mrs. Fr. Sueripan
Ss. Biduiph II, 317 She asked .. why I had not been shewn
into the *dining-parlour. 1826 Miss Mitrorp Vid/age Ser.
11. (1863) 348 The dining parlour .. m ht pass for his only
sitting room. 1790-1810 Wa. Comne Deo lon 2 Sticks in
Eng. (1817) VI. 258 A Rng party in high life. 1594
Wills & Inv. N. C. (Surtees 1860) 244 [In] the Haull, Towe
*dyninge tables. ah S. Havwarp Love agst, World 2
He took the seat at the foot of the dining-table.
News 19 Mar. 7/4 A man used to make anythi
he is asked whether he is a dining-table maker, a
maker, and so on,
-room (dei‘nin;rm). The room in a
private house or public establishment in which
dinner and other principal meals are taken, and
which is furnished for this purpose.
190
inns of court, that hath
DINING-TIME.
1601 Hotianp Pliny I1, 481 The fashion came vp at Rome,
that our dames had their beds couered all ouer with siluer,
yea, and some dining rooms with tables laid with the same.
1661 Cowey 1’v0p. Adv. Exp. Philos., College, A large and
pleasant Dining-Room within the Hall for the Professors to
eat in, 1681 ‘IT’. Jorpan London's Foy in Heath Grocers’
Comp. (1869) 547 London’s the Dining Room of Christendom.
1708 in Swift's Wks. (1755) II. 1. 163 She .. shows him into
the dining-room, 1856 Lever Martins of Cro’ M. 129 ‘The
dark-wainscoted dining-room, with its noble fireplace of
gigantic dimensions. .
ining-time. The time at which people
dine, dinner-time ; the time occupied with dinner.
©1450 Loneticu Grail xii. 391 In the ost it was dyneng
tyme, Fore it was ny noon, and passed pb® pryme. 1633
orp ’7is Pity v. v, Now there’s but a dining-time "Twixt
us and our confusion. 1679 SHADWELL 77we Widow 1.
Wks. 1720 III. tat Let’s take the air, and while away a
dining-time.
Dinite <dainoit). Win. [Named 1852 after
Prof. Dini.] A yellowish fossil resin found in the
lignite of Lunigiana in Tuscany.
1854 Dana Min. 475 Deposits large crystals of the dinite.
1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem. 11. 334.
Dinitro- (dainai-tro-). Chem.
dinitr-). [f. Dr2+ Nirro-.]
1. Having two equivalents of the radical NO,
taking the place of two atoms of hydrogen, as
dinitrobenzene CyH(NO,)o, dinttrophenol C Hy
(NO,),0.
1869 Roscor Evem. Chem. 409 We also know a solid sub-
stance called di-nitro-benzol. 1873 /ezwnes’ Chen. (ed. 11)
760 Dinitrobenzene is produced by warming benzene with
a mixture of nitric and sulphuric acids. 1892 Pad/ MallG,
17 Oct. 7/2 Aniline colours which are positively poisonous
+.are picric acid and its salts. .dinitro-cresol, and aurantia,
2. Dinitro-cellulose, a substance C,H,(NO,).
O;, analogous to gun-cotton (¢7nztro-cellulose),
produced by the action of a mixture of nitric and
sulphuric acids on cotton, whereby two of the
hydrogen atoms in the cellulose C,H,,O,; are
replaced by NO,. Also called soluble pyroxylin:
its solution in ether and alcohol forms CoLLopion.
Dink (dink), a Sc. and north. dial. [Origin
unknown.] Finely dressed, decked out; trim.
1508 Dunpar Tuva Mariit Wem. 377 Him that dressit me
so dink, ?a1gso Freiris of Berwik 55 (Dunbar's Poems
(1893) 287) Ane fair blyth wyf he had, of ony ane, Bot
scho wes sumthing dynk and dengerous. 1724 Ramsay
Tea-t. Misc. (1733) 11. 200 As dink as a lady, a@r1795
Burns ‘ My Lady's Gown’, My lady’s dink, my lady’s drest,
‘The flower and fancy o’ the west. 1821 Scort Aeslz. xxv,
‘The mechanic, in his leather apron, elbowed the dink and
dainty dame, his city mistress. 1891 F.O, Morris in Morn.
Post 25 July 3/6 The pied wagtail, running about so nimbly,
dink and dainty, over the lawn.
Hence Di'nkly adv.
1788 R. Gattoway Poems 163 (Jam.) They stand sae dinkly,
rank and file. 1871 P. H. Wappewt Psadm cxix. 32.
Dink, v. Sc. [f Dink a] sans. To dress
finely, to deck.
r81zr A. Scorr Poems 132 (Jam.) In braw leather boots..
I dink me. 1820 Scotrr Addo xx, I am now too old to dink
myself as a gallant to grace the bower of dames,
Dinmont (dinmont). Sc. and north, dial,
Forms; 5 dymmond, 6 dilmond, dynmonthe,
g dinman, dinment, dimment, dinmond,
dynmont, 6- dinmont. [Etymology obscure:
the second syllable looks like ‘month’ as in
zowmont twelyemonth, but the first is unexplained.]
The name given in Scotland, and the Border coun-
ties of England, to a wether between the first and
second shearing.
1424 Sc. Acts Fas. I (1814) 4 (Jam.) Item, Gymmer, Dyn-
mont, or Gaitis, ilk ane to xiid. 1494 Act. Dom. Conc. 353
(Jam.) Vijx* of gymmeris and dymmondis. 1542 W7//s &
inv, N.C, (Surtees 1835) 119, I yeue vnto saynt cuthb’te
guild a dynmonthe or ellis the price. 1549 Comp/. Scot. vi.
66 The laif of ther fat flokkis follouit ..gylmyrs and dil-
mondis. 1584 Vestry Bks. (Surtees) 18 Item at Shaudforthe
a weather, a yowe, a dinmont, and ij lams. 1791-2 Svatist.
Ace. Berw. U1. 155 (Jam.) When t ey are 18 months old,
after the first fleece is taken off..they are called dimmotts,
1814 Scorr Wav, xi, Killancureit talked .. of top-dressing
and bottom-dressing, and year-olds, and gimmers, and din-
monts, 1892 Northumbid. Gloss. 236 A lamb is called a
hog in autumn, and after the first shearing of the new year,
a dinmont if it be a male sheep, and a gimmer if an ewe.
: Se. for do not: see Do v,
Dinnage, obs. f. DunNaGE, material used for
packing on shipboard,
Dinned (dind), f/.a. rare. [f£. Div. +-ED1,]
Assailed or disturbed with din: see Din 2.
1820 Keats Hyferion 1. 128 When other harmonies...
Leave the dinn’d air vibrating silverly.
Dinnel(1, Sc. form of DinpiE v,
Dinner (dino), sb. Forms: 3-6 diner,
dyner, 4-5 dinere, dener, 4-7 dynere, 5 dyn-
nere, dyneer, 6 denere, dynar, dynnor, dynner
(Sc. dennar, denner), 6- dinner. [ME. diner,
a. F, déner (11th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), subst, use of
pres. inf. diner to D1nE.]
1. The chief meal of the day, eaten originally,
and still by the majority of people, about the
middle of the day (cf. Ger. Mit/agsessen), but now,
by the professional and fashionable classes, usually
Vou. III.
(Before a vowel
377
in the evening ; particularly, a formally arranged
meal of various courses; a repast given publicly
in honour of some one, or to celebrate some event.
1297 R. Gouc. (1724) 558 Pulke to diners deluol were, alas !
@ 1300 Cursor M1. 3508 His fader. .Oft he fed wit gode dinere.
1393 Lanai. P./°2. C. v.38 Thei wolde don for a dyner., More
pan for oure lordes loue. _1432-s0 tr. Wégden (Rolls) V. 459
Syttenge with Oswaldus the Kynge at dyner [=v mensa],
a31450 Kut. de la Tour (1868) 26 Whos wiff that obeiethe
worst, lete her husbonde paie for the dener. 1553 AscHaM
in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 14 Dynnor and supper he had
me comonlie with him. 1557 W. ‘Towrson in Hakluyt
Voy. (1589) 116, I had the Captaine of the towne to dinner.
1563 Win3ET Hour Scoir Thre Quest. xviii. Wks. 1888 1. 84
Quhy
mak 3e 30ur communioun afoir dennar, sen our
1581
8 As he sate in the house
t Civ. Life 97 After dinner
a man should sit a while, and after supper walk a mile. 1620
Venyer Via Recta viii. 173 Our vsuall time for dinner .. is
about eleuen of the clocke. 1712 Hearne Collect. (Oxf.
Hist. Soc.) III. 372 At eleven Clock this Day, I being then
at Dinner in Edmund Hall Buttery. 1718 L M. W.
Monrtacu Let. to C'tess. Mar 10 Mar., She gav' a dinner
of fifty dishes of I EMERSON Traits, Wks.
(Bohn) II. 50 Ina istocratical country like England, not
the ‘Trial by Jury, but the dinner, is the capital institution.
tb. 70 seek his dinner with duke Humphrey :
see DINE v. 1 b.
2. attrib. and Comb., as dinner-bag, -book, -cliub,
-company, -course, -doctrine, -dress, -furniture,
-gtver, -gown, -meal, -napkin, -flate, -roon, -tea;
dinner-giving, -like adjs.; dinner-hour, the hour
at which dinner is taken, the hour or time occupied
by dinner; dinner-pair, the pairing of two mem-
bers of parliament of opposite parties during the
dinner-hour : see Pair; dinner-party, a party of
guests invited to dinner; the social gathering
which they compose; dinner-set, a set of plates
and other ware of the same pattern for the dinner-
table; dinner-table, the table at which dinner
is eaten, and round which a party of guests sit ;
dinner-wagon, a tray with shelves beneath, sup-
ported by four legs, usually on castors, so as to be
easily moved, for the service of a dining-room.
1885 T. Harpy A/ayor Casterbr.i, His hoe on his shoulder,
and his *dinner-bag suspended from it. 1854 W. WaTer-
worTtH Orig. Anglicanisit 134 Vhis contradiction of belief
and practice, of prayer-book and *dinner-book, has long been
censured. 1836-48 B. D. Wats Aristoph., Acharnians it.
vi, Involved by *dinner-clubs and debts. ¢1430 Lypc. in
Turner Dom. Archit. II, 81 The *dynere coursis eke
euery feste. 1649 Mitton Evkon. xix. Wks. (1847) 320/1 Far
holier and wiser men than parasitic preachers ; who, without
their “dinner-doctrine, know that neither king, law, civil
oaths, or religion, was ever established without the p:
ment. 1865 Dickens J/ut. ry. 1. ii, An innocent piece
of *dinner-furniture that went upon easy castors. 1864
Burton Scot Abr. I. iii. tog The one eee a “dinner-
giving house, the other does not. 1891 7yuth 10 Dec.
1240/2 Ecstasies of admiration over a superb *dinner-gown.
1800 Spirit Pub, Yournals (1801) 1V. 160 You step to a
friend's house on business, near his *dinner-hour. 1892
Pall Mall G. 5 Apr. 3/2 That period of the evening—
from seven to ten—which in parliamentary phrase is called
the ‘dinner hour’, 1861 Dickens Gt. /:xfect. ii,
*dinner-napkin will not go into a tumbler. 1894 Westy.
Gaz. 24 Apr. 1/3 He frequently secures a *dinner-pair, and
manages to get away from the House..at 6.30. 1815 JANE
Austen Emma xvi, Out of humour at not being able to
come. .for forty-eight hours without falling in with a *dinner-
party. 1823 in Cobbett Aw. Rides (1885) I. 344 ‘The de-
canters, the glasses, ‘ the *dinner-set ’ of crockery-ware. 1813
Examiner 10 May 299/2 A.. greater number of persons than
assemble at a “dinner or a tea-table. 18532 Mrs, Carty_r
Lett. II. 162, 1am to have a *dinner-tea with them next
Wednesday. 1895 Cata/., *Dinner wagons, three-shelf,
plain turned pillars, on castors, mahogany, oak or walnut.
Dinner (di'no:), v. [f. DINNER $b.]
1. intr. To dine, have dinner: also dinner 7¢.
1748 [see DinNERING below]. 1786 Burns Lines on Interv.
w. Ld. Daer i, 1 dinner’d wi’ a Lord, 1818 Moore /udge
Fam. Paris viii. 20 Where in temples antique you may
breakfast or dinner it. ‘ :
2. trans. To entertain at dinner; to provide
dinner for.
1822 Blackw. Mag. X1. 481 Hogg would have been din-
nered tohis death. 1826 Zxaminer 337/1 Before that worthy
overnor .. left the .Cape, he was twice dinnered,
HADWwICK De Foe vi. 310 Harley dinnered himself into the
Speaker's chair. 1885 Grace Steesinc Ageravating Sch.-
girl xxxiv, I'll dinner them and I'll supper them, but if they
want rooms .. they may go elsewhere,
Hence Di‘nnering w/. sd.
1748 Ricuarpson Clarissa Wks, 1883 V. 118 To think how
Thad drawn myself in by my summer-house dinnering. 1837
. Rev. 142 Few people are there so bored, as at the grand
innerings of the London season. 1867 CarLyLe Remin.
II. 143 Liverpool, with its dinnerings .. was not his ele-
ment.
Dinner-bell. The bell rung to announce
dinner; usually, the ordinary bell of the house,
hotel, ship, etc., rung at a fixed time ; also, a par-
ticular bell used for this purpose.
1682 O. N. Boileau’s Lutrin w. 206 For all Agree, no
Knell Could more concern them than the Dinner-bell !
I Phil. Trans. UXXII. 376 Close to the chimney ..a
inner-bell hung in a common frame. a@18s9_ L. Hunt
Robin Hood w.v, The horn was then their dinner-bell.
1879 F. W. Rosinson Coward Consc. 1. viii, The dinner-bell
rang for the first time. 1887 Spectator 26 Feb. 287/2 The
| dinner-bell would begin to ring at half-past 5.
1859*
DINOSAUR.
Dinnere'tte. [sce -rrrr.] A little dinner ;
a dinner on a small scale, or for a small party.
1872 M. Coins /’r. Clarice 11. v. 74 He has a luxurious
bachelor’s first floor in Piccadilly ..where he sometimes
gives excellent dinnerettes.
Di-nnerless, v.
fasting.
a 1661 Futter Worthies, London (1662) 198 To Dine with
Duke Humphrey importing to be dinnerlesse. 1708 Brit.
Apollo No, 29. 3/1 Such as walk'd Dinnerless the Streets.
¢ 1820 S. RoGers /taly 9) 201 Screwing a smile into his
dinnerless face. 1859 ‘TENNYSON /dylls, Entd 1083, I left
your mowers dinnerless.
Dinnerly (dinaili), @ and adv. [f. Dinner
sb. + -LY.] A. adj. Of or pertaining to dinner.
B. adv. Ina manner appropriate to dinner.
1614 Corney Hits, Fits, etc. (N.), A merry recorder of
London .. met .. in the street, going to dinner to the lord
maior .. The dinnerly officer was so hasty on his way that
he refused to heare him. 1836-48 B. D. Watsu Arvstoph.,
Acharnians w. iv, Did’st hear.. How cookishly, how
dinnerly He manages his duties?
Di‘nner-time. ‘The usual time of dining; the
time occupied by, or allowed for, dinner.
1371 in Britton Cathedrals, York (1819) 80 Swa yt yai
sall noghte dwell fia yair werk in y® forsayde loge na tyme
of y* yer in dyner tyme. 1596 Suaks. MWerch. V1. i. 105
We will leaue you then till dinner time. @ 1627 Mipo.e-
TON, etc, Changeling (N.), Dinner time? thou meanst
[-ress.] Without dinner ;
twelve o'clock. 1710 7% No. 258 » 2 We were disturbed
all Dinner-Time by the } ofthe Children, 1869 ‘Tro
Lopk Ale knew, etc. vi. (1878) 28 Before dinner-time a recon-
ciliation had been effected.
Dinnerward, toward dinner: sce -Warp,
Dinnery (dino), a. [f. Dinner 5d, + -v1.]
Characterized by dinner or dinners.
a1865 Mrs. Gasket Curious if True in Gray Woman,
etc. (1865) 83, I .. disliked the dinnery atmosphere of the
salle &@ manger. 1889 Lowris. Lett. (1894) 11. 363 Phila-
delphia was very dinnery, of course, with lunches and
Wister parties thrown in,
Dinnick, local var. of Dunnock, hedge-sparrow.
Dinning (ditniy), 47.56. [f. Din v. +-1NG 1]
The action of the verb Din; the making of a din
or noise of any kind; + wailing, ete.
13.. Cursor A, 18630 (Gott.) Was adam bidan in his bale,
Thoru dome into pat dinning dale. 1375 Barnour Brace
xut. 153 Gret dynnyng ther wes of dyntis As wapnys apon
armor styntis. ¢1400 Destr. Trey 9618 With dynnyng &
dole for dethe of hor lord.
1814 Cary Dante, Paradise xiv. 118
ings and Dinnings
. a pleasant dinning makes.
‘The chime Of minstrel music
1859 SMILes Sed/-/fedp vi. 150 After four years dinning of
his project into the ears of the great.
Dinning, ///. a. [f.as prec. + -ING 2.] Making
a din, disturbing with din or noise.
1813 L. Hunt in Lxaminey'1 Mar. 129/t The noise of
these dinning fetters, 1832 TENNYSON /:lednore 131 With
dinning sound my ears are rife. .
Dinnle, dinn’le, mod. Sc. ff. DinpLE sé.1 and 2.
Dinny (dini), a. [f. Din sd. +-y 1] Resound-
ing with or filled with din.
1768-74 Tucker Lt, Nat.(1852) I. 461 Sometimes my ears
are a little dinny.
|| Dinoceras (daing'scr&s). [mod.L. (Marsh,
1872) f. Gr. deu-ds fearful, terrible + «épas horn.]
A genus of extinct ungulated quadrupeds (D2v0-
cerata) of huge size, and having apparently three
pairs of horns, Hence Dino-cerate w., related to
the dinoceras, as a dinocerate animal.
1872 Marsu Amer. Frnl. Sc. §& Art Ser. 11. 1V. 344. 1877
Le Conte Elem. Geol. (1879) 506 The brain of the Middle
Eocene Dinoceras is only about one eighth the size of a
living Rhinoceros of equal bulk. 1886 A. WincueLy I adks
Geol, Field 256 Vhe dinoceras was like an elephant in size.
It had short legs, and perhaps three pairs of horns,—one on
the snout, one on the cheeks, and one on the forehead.
Dinomie (doing'mik), a. [f. Gr. &-, (Dr-“)
twice + voy-ds district + -10.] Belonging or re-
stricted to two districts or divisions (of the globe).
1863 Batrour Bo, § 1151 A natural family, common to all
the divisions [of the globe] is fodynomic .. If restricted to
two or more divisions, the groups are d/nontic, trinontic, etc.
|| Dinornis (daing-mis). [mod.L. (Owen 1843)
f. Gr. dev-ds fearful, terrible + dpys bird.] A name
given by Prof. Owen to a genus of recently extinct
birds of great size, the remains of which have been
discovered in New Zealand ; the moa of the Maori.
Hence Dinorni‘thic, Dino'rnithine aqjs., related
to, or of the nature of, the dinornis.
1843 Proc. Zool. Soc. 14 Feb, 19 A communication from
Prof. Owen was read, proposing to substitute the name
Dinornis for that of Megalornis, applied to the Great Bird
of New Zealand in his paper read at the previous meeting
.. Mr. G. Gray having previously used the term A/egalornis
for a genus of Birds. 1865 Barinc-Goutp HWerewolves
6 Like the dodo or the dinornis, the werewolf may have
become extinct in our age. 1875 A. Newron in Lucyc/.
Brit. 111. 729/2 The fragmentary cranium of a large Bird,
combining Dinoraithic and Struthious characters. 1891
Athenzum 14 Nov. 651/2:An extinct dinornithine bird from
New Zealand.
Dinosaur, deino- (doinds§1). Also in Lat.
form dinosauw'rus, deino-. [mod.L. dzmosaurus
(Owen 1841), f. Gr. dev-ds fearful, terrible + catp-
48*
DINOSAURIAN.
os (=aavpa) lizard.] A member of an extinct race
of Mesozoic Saurian reptiles (group Dinosauria,
typical genus Dinosaurus), some of which were of
gigantic size; the remains point to an organism
resembling in some respects that of birds, in others
that of mammals.
1841 Owen in Rep. Brit. Assoc. 104 A remarkable ap-
proach in the p gigantic Di to the -crocodilian
structure. 1873 Dawson arth & Man viii. 202 We have
thus brought before us the Dinosaurs—the terrible Saurians
the Mesozoic age. 1885 C. A, Buckmaster Zrit.
Alm. Comp. 193 The grotip of fossil reptiles known as
Dinosaurs has (i been remarkable for certain curious
resemblances to birds which it presents. }
wrian, a.,s/. [f. as prec.+-IAN.
A. adj. Of the nature of, or related to, a dino-
saur; belonging to the group Dinosauria.
1 gi DicynoponTIAn]. 1880 Libr. Univ. Knowl. VII,
216 The number of dinosaurian reptiles was very large.
1881 G. Macponatp A/ary Marston U1. iii. 52 The old-
fashioned horror would inevitably raise its deinosaurian
head afresh above the slime of his consciousness.
B. sb. A member of the Dinosauria, a D1No-
SAUR.
1841 Owen in Ref. Brit, Assoc. 102 Dinosaurians..A dis-
tinct tribe or sub-order of Saurian Reptiles, for which I would
propose the name of Dinosanria. 1859 Darwin Orig. Spec.
xi. (1878) 295 The Mastodon and the more ancient Dino-
saurians having become extinct. 1881 Lusrnock in Nature
No. 618. 403 It seems to be now generally admitted that
birds have come down to us through the Dinosaurians.
Dinothere, deino- (dain/pie1). [f. mod.L.
dinothe‘rium (1829, Kaup, in Oken’s /sés XXII.
402), f. Gr. dev-ds fearful, terrible + Onpiov wild
beast. Alsoused inthe Lat. form.) A member of
a genus of extinct proboscidean quadrupeds of great
size, whose remains have been discovered in the
miocene formations of Europe and Asia.
1835 Kirpy //ad. & Just. Anim. IL. xxiv. 497 One of the
most remarkable animals of this Sub-order .. on account of
its enormous tusks, is named Deinotherium.
Anc. World xv. 353 A pachydermatous species .. showing
many curious points of resemblance to the Dinothere. 1880
Dawkins Early Man 143 The deinotheres and mastodons
.. were either dragged in by the carnivores, or swept in
by the flow of water.
Hence Dinothe'rian a.
1839-47 Toop Cycl. Anat. III. 867/2 Those Mastodons ..
manifest the Dinotherian character.
Dinoxide, erron. f. (after d7noxzde) for Dox.
1 . SCoFFERN in Orr's Circ. Sc. Chem. 495 Black
Oxide (Suboxide or Dinoxide) of Mercury.
+Divnrie. Sc. Obs. [f. Din sb. + -RY.] = Din.
1563-7 BucHanan Reform, St. Andros Wks. (1892) 15
Disputing without dinrie or pertinacite in contention.
Dinsome (di‘nsim),a. Sc. [f. Din 5d, + -80ME.]
Full of din; noisy.
1724 Ramsay Yea-t. A/isc. (1733) 1. 66 O Katy wiltu gang
wi’ me And leave this dinsome town awhile. a@1774 Fer-
cusson King's Birthd. Poems (1845) 2 The hills .. would
echo to thy dinsome rout. 1786 Burns Scotch Drink xi, ‘Vill
block an’ studdie ring an’ reel Wi’ dinsome clamour. 1876
Brackie Songs Relig. & Life 112 The stir Of dinsome life.
Dint (dint), sb. Forms:
(%), 4-6 dynt(e, 6 dinte, 3- dint.
[OE.
1847 ANSTED |
1 dynt, 2-4 dunt |
dynt, cogn. with ON. dyntr, dyttr in same sense ; |
cf. Sw. dial. dunt. Not recorded in the other Teut.
langs. See also Dent sé.! and Dunt. Sense 3 is
manifestly influenced by zdent¢ and its family. ]
+1. A stroke or blow; esf. one given with a
weapon in fighting, etc.; =Dent sb.1 1. Ods, or
blending with 3.
fey K, AEcFrep Gregory's Past, xlv. 338 Ac ondraden
him done dynt swe nea! pe noht to gode ne dod, c¢gs50
Lindisf. Gosp. John xviii. 22 An... Sara Sezna salde dynt
mid honde uutearde 3am helende. c117§ Lam. Hone.
153 Pe duntes bod uuel to kepen. ¢ 1200 Gen. 4290 Purrh
_ Adamess gilltes dinnt Wass all mannkinn_purrhwundedd.
ax225 Ancr. R. 60 Sweordes dunt is adunriht ..vor sweord
..31f8 deades dunt. ax1300 Cursor M. 20990 Hefdid he
was wit dint o suord, ¢ 1320 Cast¢. Love 1161 Such beo be
duntes of batayle. ¢1475 Kau/ Cotljear 514, 1 sall dyntis
deill, quhill ane of vs be deid. 1555 Avr. Parker /s. Ixxxix,
Thou hast whole stynt hys weapons dynt. 1697 Drevpen
Virg. Georg. wi. 576 With dint of Sword, or pointed Spears.
1791 Cowrer //iad xvit. 676 From the dint Shield me of
dart and spear, 1837 Cartyie /r, Rev, IIL. 1. i, (1848) 16
‘The‘dints and bruises of outward battle.
b. The stroke of thunder; = Den sd.1 1b.
1374 Cuaucer 7roy/us v. 1505 How Cappaneus pe proude
wit Seder dynt was slayn. ¢ 1386 — Wife's Prol. 276
With wilde thonder ps and firy leuene Moote thy welked
nekke be to-broke, Fatrrax 7asso x1. xxxi. 201 Like
thunders dint or lightnings new. 1808 Scorr Marmion 1.
xxiii, The Mount, where Israel heard the law ‘Mid thunder-
dint, and flashing levin.
2. The dealing of blows; hence, force of attack,
assault, or impact (/¢. and fig.) ; violence, force,
attack, impression. Now rare exc. as in ¢.
¢1330 R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 70 If he wild it wynne
with dynt, als duke hardie. 1§13 Bovoras Eneis uu. x. 63
‘The auld waiklie but force or dynt A dart did cast. 1530
Lynpesay Jest. Papyngo 355 Quho clymith moist hey
moist dynt hes of the wedder. 1579 Srenser Sheph. Cad.
Nov. 104 Such pleasaunce now displast by dolors dint. 160%
Suaxs. Fud. C. m. ii, 198, 1 perceiue, you feele The dint
of pitty, 1687 Drypen Hind & P. ut. 200 But dint of
argument is out of place. 1748 J. Mason Alocut.7 Me-
chanical Minds .. affected with mere Dint of Sound and
Noise. 1770 Gotpsm, Mise. Wks, (1837) I11. 420 He had
378
gone as far..as the mere dint of parts and application
could go, 1845 R. W. Hami.ton Pop. Educ, vi. 126 (ed. 2)
Their soul gathered all dint and courage.
+b. phr. By dint of sword: by attack with
weapons of war; by force of arms, Oés.
Ranging from the literal sense as in 1, to the vague use inc.
@ 1330 Koland & V.10 Alle the londes that were in Spayne,
With dint Of swerd wan Charlmain. ¢ 1440 Gesta Kom.
xvii. 330 (Add. MS.) The sones .. goten mekell good ~4
dynte of swerd. 1 Houmsnep Chron. M11. 1178/1
ith the dint of sword The hand of bondage brast. 1602
Dekker Satiromastix Wks. 1873 1. 242 You have put all
Poetrie to the dint of sword. Butter Mud. 1. 11. 248
He .. by his Skill No less than Dint of Sword, cou'd kill.
1728 Morcan Algiers II. iv. 262 Even now they [Turks]
maintain what they have by mere Dint of Sabre.
e. Hence By (the) dint of: by force of ; by means
of (with implication of vigour or persistence in the
application of the means). (The current idiow.)
{1597 see Dent sé.' 3.)
1664 Butter //ud. 11. 1. 291 Chace evil spirits away by
dint Of Cickle, Horse-shoe, Hollow-flint. 1685 Corron tr.
Montaigne (1877) 1. 36 Subdued by .. dint of valour. 1712
Appison Spfect. No. 411 ® 7 Pleasures of the Fancy. .which
are worked out by Dint of Thinking. 1764 Gotpsm. ///sf.
Eng. (1772) 11. 102 Tallard..had risen by the dint of merit
alone. 19771 SmotLerr Hanph. Cl. (1815) 159 By dint of
cross-examination, I found he was not at all satisfied. 1
Scorr ¥rul. 25 Dec., By dint of abstinence .. 1 passed a
better night. 1871 L. Srernen Playgr. Europe ii. (1894)
65 Schiller endeavours to give the local colour .. by dint of
inserting little bits of guide-book information. 1878 BrowNInG
La Saisiaz 29 We..Earned, by dint of failure, triumph.
+d. Under, within (etc.) the dint of: exposed
to, or within the reach or range of assault of. Cf.
Dent s6.1 2b. Obs.
1577-87 Howinsuep Chron. II. 23/2 Sparing none that
came under their dint. 1627-77 Fectuam Resolves 1. li.
275 He that comes within the dint on’t [noysom_ breath]
dies. 1640 A. Harsnet God's Summ. 383 We shall be out
of the Dint of many a Tentation. a1734 Nortu /xam.
1. iii. § 71 (1740) 175 Standing in the Dint of an Air, that
was .. sure to blast him.
3. A mark or impression made by a blow or by
pressure, in a hard or plastic surface; an indenta-
tion; =Dent sé.1 4. (Also fig.)
1590 Srenser F.Q.1. i. 1 Ycladd in mightie armes and
silver shielde, Wherein old dints of deepe woundes did
remaine. 1612 Bainstey Lud. Lit. 47 The very little ones
..may make some secret markes .. with some little dint
with their naile. 1657 Austen Fruit Trees 1. 46 Make the
cut smooth and even... without dints or ridges. 1700
Drypven Fables, Pygmalion 32 Afraid His hands had made
a dint. 1818 Byron aero 17 Nor dint of hoof, nor
print of foot, Lay in the wild luxuriant soil. 1847 S. Wit-
perrorce in Life & Lett. I. 402 The single opportunity of
making..a dint ina character. 1856 Mrs. Browninc A wr.
Leigh u. 927 Beside her bed Whose pillow had no dint.
Dint (dint), v. [ME. dynt-, diint-, dint-en, f.
Dint sé. Not recorded in OE. ; cf. Icel. dynta to
dent, Sw. dial. dunta to strike, shake; and see also
Dent v. and Dunt.
+1. trans. To strike, beat, knock. Ods.
@ 1300 Cursor AM, 4302 (Cott.) To bi dint of his mangonele.
1300 //avelok 2448 He[ f/.]..dunten him, so man doth bere,
Andkestehim onascabbed mere. a1400 Leg. Rood (1871) 138
Wib sharpe nayles dunted and drive. 1596 Spenser 7. Q.
vi. x. 31 His wounds worker, that with lovely dart Dinting
his brest had bred his restlesse paine. a1649 Drum. or
Hawtn. Poems Wks. (1711) 50/2 Ye, who with gawdy wings
and bodies light Do dint the air.
+b. intr. or absol. Obs.
c1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 234 In alle this warld ..
Is none so doughty as I, the best, ghtely dyntand on
mule and on stede.
+2. intr. To make a dint or impression 77 some-
thing; =Dent v. 4. Obs. rare.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvi. xxiv. (1495) 648 Yf the
fynger dynteth in therto and finde it neshe. 1990 Spenser
.Q.1, viii. 8 The ydle stroke..So deepely dinted in the
driven clay, That three yardes deepe a furrow up did throw.
3. ¢rans. To mark or impress with dints; to make
a dint or dints in. se :
x Br. Haut Sat, 1 Let floor with horned
aoe hoofs Be dinted and defied every morn.
Futter Holy War w. i. (1647) 167 This Emperour's heart
was. .furrowed, dinted, and hollowed at last. 1812 Byron
Ch, Har. 1. xiix, Wide scattered hoof-marks dint the
wounded ground. x Loner. Gold. Leg. m, (Street in
Strasburg), He dints With his impatient hoofs the flints.
b. To impress or drive in with force.
1631 T. Powett Tom All Trades 142 The scars which
my unthriftines hath dinted upon their fortunes. 1826 J.
Wane Noct. Ambr. Wks, 1855 1. 232 ‘ Dinna dint the pint
o' your crutch into my instep, Mr, North.’ 1855 Tennyson
Maud 1. ii, A body was found. . Mangled, and flatten’d, and
crush'd, and dinted into the ground,
+4. To take the sharp edge off; to reduce the
acrimony of (corrosive liquids). Ods.
1669 W. Simpson Hydrol. Chymt. 27 Those corrosive fret-
ting, pontick, and acid jw +. are I say dinted, softned
and sweetned. Jdfd. 101 waters of the spaw may ..
help to dint the eR -
ence Di-nted, Di-nting f//. ~~
1566 Dranr //orace’ Sat. viii. E vb, he wi t-
re axe is hewed rounde aboute, 1579 Poor Knt.'s Pallace,
o feare foe death, 1596 Spenser /. O. Pa They
do impress Deep dinted furrows in the batter’d mai
Davoen Mnebs | :), Deep dinted wrinkles on her ch
she draws. Marm, vi. xxviii, With dinted
shield, and helmet beat. a@ 1881 Rosser: Nose Mary iii.
142 On either hand There hung a dinted helm and brand.
.
DIOCESAN.
Dintless (dintlés), a. [f. Din sd. +
Without a dint or dints.
-LESS.]
ES rip me Pig tig apes
1 AER id u. Eiij, On hi it hit,
where i ~y ‘Trae Comm. 1 Thess.
w down it hyng. 1647
iii. 4 Darts fore-seen are dintlesse. Biacxie in Blackw,
Mag. LXII. 238 Dintless the missile hail is pour'’d.
— has, = receives, no dint.
uskin Mod. Paint. V. vi. x. 4 Veiling
hushed softness its dintless an wht oo =
3. dial. See quot., and cf. Din sb. 2.
Cumbld. Gloss., Dintless, \acking in energy.
+ umerate, v. Obs. rare—°. [f. ppl. stem
of L. dinumerare to count over one by one, reckon
up, f. di-, dis- apart, separately + mumerare to
number.) vans. To number one by one.
1721 Baitey, Di ate, to A or Numb
+ Dinumerately, adv. Obs. rare. [f. *di-
numerate, ad. L. dinumerat-us reckoned up, enu-
merated (see prec.) +-LY2.] By separate enumera-
tion; one by one.
1668 H. More Div, Dial. u.v, I had not dinumerately
and articulately mustered up. .the icular Arguments.
Dinumera‘tion. [ad. L. dinumeration-em,
n, of action from dimumerdare: see DINUMERATE.]
1. ‘ The act of numbering out one by one’ (Ash).
1626 CockeraM, Dinumeration, numbring or reckoning.
1721 in Baitey. 1755 Jounson, Dinumeration, the act of
numbering out singly.
2. XAet. Enumeration ; = APARITHMESIS.
|| Dinus (dai-nds). Path. [mod.L., a. Gr. dives
whirling, vertigo.] Dizziness, giddiness, vertigo.
1706 Puituirs (ed. Kersey), Dinus .. a giddiness or swim-
ming of the Head, a Disease otherwise call'd Vertigo. 1775
in Asn. In mod. Dicts.
Diobely (deiebéli). [ad. Gr. dmBedia an
allowance of two obols, f. &- twice + 680A-ds obol.]
An allowance of two obols to each citizen during
the Athenian festivals.
1849 Grote Greece u. lxii. V. (1862) 421 The disbursement of
the Diobely .. on occasion of various religious festivals.
1852 /bid. 1. 1xxv. IX. 526 A portion of the money. .wasem-
ployed in the distribution of two oboli per head, called the
diobely, to all present citizens.
Diobol (daijou-byl). NMumism. [ad. Gr. &iaBor-
ov, f. &- (Di-#) twice + dBod-ds OBoL.] A silver
coin of ancient Greece equal to two obols.
1887 B. V. Heap Hist, Numorum 36 The well-known
type of the Tarentine diobol, Herakles strangling the lion,
recurs on diobols of Arpi, Czlia, Rubi, and Teate, /did., j
‘The currency of Apulia .. consisted .. of silver diobols and
didrachms of Tarentum.
Dio'cesal, a. rare. [f. Diocese + -au.] Of
or relating to a diocese.
1880 Libr. Univ. Kuow?, 11, 281 His diocesal functions
being afterwards extended over New Hampshire. ;
Diocesan (deij’s/sin), a. and sb. Also 5-6 ;
dy ocesan(e, 6 diocesain, dyocysen, 7 diocesane,
dicecesan. [Formerly dyocysen, diocesain, a. F.
diocesain (15th c.), f. diocise, diocese: see -AN 1,
and cf. med.L. diacésénus (1311 in Du Cange);
the regular L. f. déacés’s (Diocese) would be
diacésianus: cf. OF. dyocestien (1332 in Godef.
Suppl.), and see DIocestan.]
A. adj. Of or pertaining to a diocese.
1450-1530 Alyrr. our Ladye 7x Wythout lycense of
byssh: d Row Hist. Kirk
That office Tf a dhoceina Lord Bish ee un . ee)
unlawfull, 1640 Br, Hatt “fise. Ep. , Either the
Dicecesan i 1712 Pripraux
publike, or my own
Direct. Ch.-Wardens (ed. 4) 104 Théir Business .. was to
attend Diocesan Synods, Hsp Feruson & Reeve Srittany
279 The old diocesan town of . 1894 Athenaeum 5 Mav
572/2 The first bishops of Ireland were not diocesan. r
authority seems to have been concurrent, and only limited
by the ocean.
B. sb. 1, He who is in ch of an ecclesias-
of a diocese.
— 7
the
. 1765 T.
Hurcuinson /ist. Mass, 1. iv. 418 They be
pm ae. Bisn rok mote Test
TEPHENS S, Sax. Diocese, ‘on c
of prelates who were rather than diocesans.
2. One of the clergy or people of a diocese.
1g02 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1v. vii. 187 These
ins, these curates. More
chyld .. or the bishop
Fardle Facions i. xii. 283
then gouerne their Clergie,
their owne p 1 M Algiers Il. v. 317
‘Titular Prelates. . very unlikely ever to visit their Diocesans
in partibus Infidelium., 1821 Lame Elia Ser. 1. Valentine's
day, Faithful lovers. .content to rank themselves humble
di old i Lowett Lett.
iocesans of Bishop V:
1894) I. so Latimer. .said..that the devil ee the faithful-
of bi: . .His diocesans, too, are no whit less zealous.
Hence Dio’cesanist, an advocate of a diocesan ~
system.
3887 Ch. O. Rev. XXIII. 347 The desire of the Diocesanist
leaders. .to introd: ag,
DIOCESE.
Diocese (daidsés, -sts). Forms: a. 4-6 dio-,
dyocise, -cyse, 5-6 -cis, (diecise, dyosys), 6 Sc.
«diosise. 8. 5-7 diocesse, 6-7 dioces, 6-9 dio-
cess, (5 diosses, 6 dioses, dyoces, dyesses). y.
6- diocese (6 dicecese), 5. (Sc.) 5-6 dyocye, -cie,
6 diocye, dy-, diosie, dioesie, 6-diocie. «. 5-6
dio-, dyocesy, -sie, 6 dioceesie. [ME. docise,
etc., a. OF, dioctse (diozcise, 13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.),
ad. med.L. dzocésts, for L. déacéstis a governor's
jurisdiction, a district, in later eccl. L. a bishop’s
jurisdiction, a diocese, a. Gr. 5:ot«nors, orig. ‘ house-
keeping’, hence ‘management, administration,
government, the province of a (Roman) gover-
nor’, and in Byz. Gr. ‘a bishop’s jurisdiction,
a diocese’, f. d:oucé-erv to keep house, to manage,
administer, govern, f, &-, ia- through, thoroughly
+ oixé-ev to inhabit, occupy, manage. Under
Latin influence at the Renascence, the form lecame
in Fr. and Eng. déoces; whence, for phonetic
reasons, in Fr. dzocése, in Eng. dtocesse, diocess.
Diocess was the classical English type from the
16th to the end of the 18th c.; it was the only
form recognized by Dr. Johnson and the other
18th c. lexicographers, and was retained by some
(notably by the 7?#es newspaper) in the 19th c.,
in which, however, adzocese (as in Fr.) has become
the established spelling. In Scotch, dzocis(e, lost
the terminal:s in the singular, and was reduced to
diocie, diocy. The Gr.-L. word was also indepen-
dently adapted as dio‘cesy, -ie: cf. paralysis, ¥.
paralysie, palsy. (Cf. Pr. dtocesa, diocest, Sp.
dto'cesis, Pg. diocese, It. dio-cest, -cese.)]
+1. Administration, dominion, rule. Sc. Ods.
1 Datrynmpte tr. Leslie’s Hist. Scot. x. 272 Barounis
and Nobles of the Lenox, and diosie of Ramfrwe [détione
Ram roa). Ibid. x. 317 Monie men of weir cum be sey
esilie..and subiected the toune lychtlie to thair authorietic
and diosie, na man resisteng. |
2. A district or division of a country under
a governor; a province; esf. one of the provinces
into which the Roman empire was divided after
Diocletian and Constantine. Ods. exc. L/ist.
1494 Fasyan Chrov. vu. 518 The Kyng of Englande, to
haue..the cytie of Lymoges, y* cytie of Caours, wt all the
dyocis of y® sayd cyties belongynge. 1525 Lp. BerNers
Froiss. U1. clxxxiv. [clxxx.] 556 To enioy styll peasably all
that euer they were as then in possessyon of in Acquytayne,
and nyne dyoces to be quite delyuered. 1601 HoL_ianp
Pliny I. 98 The diocesse Arsinoetis, in the Lybian coast.
1671 L. Appison WW. Barbary ii. (T.), Wild boars are no
rarity in this diocess, which the Moors hunt and kill in
a manly pastime. 1741 MippLeton Cicero I. vi. 551 Cilicia
..this Province included also Pisidia, Pamphilia, and three
Dioceses, as they were called, or Districts of Asia. 1781
Grspon Decd. § F. 11. 36 The civil government of the empire
was distributed into thirteen great dioceses, each of which
equalled the just measure of a powerful kingdom.
3. Lcci. The sphere of jutisdiction of a bishop ;
the district under the pastoral care of a bishop.
(The earlier and ordinary sense in English.)
a, ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 5773 Toa dyocise
langed a cite, & ordened paroschens for to be. ¢1380
Wycuir Is. (1880) 85 3if prestis wolen seie here masse &
techen pe gospel in a bischopis diocise. ¢ 1386 CHaucer
Prol, 664 In daunger hadde he at his owene gise The
yonge girles of the diocise. 1483 Cath, Ang, 100/2 A
diocis, diocesis. a1 More IWks, 231 (R.) He walked
about as an apostle of the Deuill.. & had in euery diocyse
a dyuerse name. 1538 Starkey England 1. iv. 127 Wyth-
out examynatyon or sentence gyuen in the Dyosys. 1596
Datrympce tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. x. 449 on of the
Clergie..war callit..of the maist notable, Johone Leslie ..
ffirst estemet Juge of the diosise, primat als of the same.
Bla 1494 Fasyan Chron. vi. ccvi. 218 In the diocesse of Mag-
urgh.
Humber shuld be the begynnynge of his diosses. 1548
Latimer Ploughers (Arb.) 30 The Deuyl. .is the moste dyli-
gent preacher of al other, he is neuer out of his dioces.
1 Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 93 Alle the parich
churches of the dioses of London. a 1600 Hooker £ecé.
Pol, vit. viii. § 3 The local compass of his authority we
term a diocess. 1641 Mitton Reform. 1. (1851) 32 For one
Bishop now in a Dioces we should then have a Pope in
every Parish. 1646 Sir T, Browne Pseud. Ef. vi. 1. 27
Austin forbad that [¢. e. the translation] of Jerom to be Sik
in his Diocesse. 1761 Hume //ist. Eng. 11. xxviii. 135 Fox,
bishop of Winchester. . withdrew himself wholly to the care
of his diocess, 1782 Priesttey Corrupt. Chr. 1. wv. 384
Serenus ordered .. that they should be removed from. his
diocess. 1867 Times 26 Nov., (Leading Art.) A bishop
must needs have great influence in his diocess. 1868 R.
Artuur Arnotp in Times 8 Jan., There would be no
sufficient plea for the maintenance of a bishop in that
diocess.
y- 1528 More Dyalogue 1. Wks. 120/2 Any bishop..within
his diocese. 1546 Lanctey Pol. Verg. De Invent. 1. vi.
89 b, Parishes to Curates and Dioceses to Byshoppes. 1614
SELDEN 7itles Hon. 301 Vnder the Diocese of Chichester.
1765-9 BLackstone Comm. (1793) 477,An arch-deacon hath
an ecclesiastical jurisdiction, immediately subordinate to
the bishop, throughout the whole of his diocese, or in some
geicnics part of it 1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 283
eports were laid before him from all the dioceses of the
realm. 1856 Froupe //ist. Eng. I. iv. 341 The bishops
had settled. .that each diocese should make its own arrange-
ments.
8. ¢1470 Henry Wallace 1. 172 Glaskow thai gaif.. To
dyocye in Duram to commend. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot.
11. 34 Of Eborak all in the dyocie. 1552 Asp. Hamitron
Ibid. vi. ccxxi. 244,Y* the farther brynke of |
379
Catech. (1884) 3 Within our awin Diocye. 1596 DALryMrLe
tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. x. 266 That tyme in the dicesie of
S. Androis was done na kynde of diuine seruice. 1637-50
Row Hist. Kirk, Three Presbyteries .. to make up a jag
vinciall Synode and a Diocie, and everie Provinciall Synod
shall appoynt the place of the nixt Synod within that same
Diocie. Sc. Prov. Ramsay Remin, (1870) v. 146 The deil’s
a busy bishop in his ain diocie.
€. ©1428 WyNnTouN Cron. vu. ix. 542 In all pe kyrkis halyly
Of Abbyrdenys Dyocesy. 1562 Win3et Last Blast Trompet
Wks. 1888 I. 43 In euery diocesie and parochin. 1580 Wid/s
|
i
|
§& Inv. N. C. (Surtees 1835) 428 Wythin the dioccesie of ©
Durham.
b. ¢ransf. and fig.
1616 S, Warp Coale fr. Altar (1627) 14 True zeale loues
to keepe home, studieth to bee quiet in other mens Dioces.
@1631 Donne Poems (1650) 99 Haile Bishop Valentine,
whose day this is, All the Aire is thy Diocis. a 1635 Cor-
BET Poems (1807) 18 Their plays had .. A perfect diocess of
actors Upon the stage. 1644 Mitton Divorce (ed. 2) 11.
xxi. 75 he causes .. reside so deeply in the .. affections of
nature, as is not within the diocese of Law to tamper with.
1822 Lama E/ia Ser. 1. Artif. Com. Last Cent., I am glad
for a season to take an airing beyond the diocese of the
strict conscience. 1891 Mortry in Daily News 10 Dec.
3/2 To go about, as my friend does, through the whole of
what ‘I may call his diocese of those northern counties,
and breathe out Liberalism, .
Hence Di-‘oceseless a., without a diocese ; + Dio-
cesener, one who belongs toa diocese ; = DIOCESAN
sb. 23 Dioce'siarch, the ruler of a diocese;
+ Di‘ocesser = DI0CESAN sd. 1.
1885 R. W. Dixon Hist. Ch. Eng. 111. 173. A dioceseless
bishop. a@1626 Bacon Case of /ost-nati Wks. (Ellis &
Spedding) VII. 657 They say this unity in the bishop or
the rector doth not create any privity between the parish-
ioners or dioceseners, more than if there were several bishops,
or several parsons, 1805 W. T'AyLor in Monthly Mag.
. 512 Diocesan properly means ‘belonging to the dio-
cese’. In English this word is applied oddly to the diocesi-
arch, or chief of the diocese. 1606 Warner «ld, Eng. xiv.
xci. 370 More than be Conuocations now Diocessers were
stout.
+ Dioce’sian, a. and sd. Obs. [f L. type
diacésian-us, f£. diacésis, in OF. dyocestien: see
Diocrsan, which is a less regular formation.]—
Diocesan a. and sé.
1686 J. Serceanr Hist, Monast. Conventions 49 If the
Diocesian refuse to give Ordination. 1715 M. Davies
Athen. Brit. 1. 131 The Clergy. .of his Diocesian City.
Diocess, -cise, earlier forms of Diocese.
+ Di-octahe-dral, «. Crystal. Obs. [Di-2 1+
OcraHEDRAL.] Bounded by twice eight planes ;
i.e. having the form of an octahedral prism with
tetrahedral summits.
1805-17 R. Jameson Char. A/in, (ed. 3) 204 Di-octahedral
topaz.
Diode (daiond), a. Lilectr. Telegr. [mod.f.
Gr. &-, (Di- 2) twice, doubly + 650s way.] /z¢. Of
two ways: applied by Mr. Preece to a mode of
working, which converts a single telegraphic wire
into two ways or ducts for signalling messages,
without reference to direction; one application of
the multiplex system of working.
1886 W. H. Preece in ¥rad. Soc. Teleg. Engineers XV.
231 A mode [of working] by which two messages are
practically sent at the same time will be diode working.
|| Diodon (dai-ddyn). Zool. [mod.L., f. Gr. type
*8.d80v doubly-toothed (sc. @npiov animal), f. &-,
(Di- 2) twice + d50us, d50v7- (in neuter adjs. -od0r)
tooth.] A genus of globe-fishes, having the jaws
tipped with enamel, forming a tooth-like tubercle
in the centre of the beak above and below.
The name has also been improperly given to a genus of
South American falcons, and to the cetacean genus
Ziphius.
1776 Pennant Zool. III. 129 Oblong Diodon. .Sun-fish from
Mount’s Bay. /ééd. 131 Short Diodon. .Sun-fish from Loo.
Ibid. 132 Globe Diodon. This species is common to Europe
and South Carolina. 1840 F. D. Bennerr Whaling Voy.
II. 264 The Round Diodon, or Toad-fish. 1854 Owen in
Cire. Sc. Organ. Nat. 11. 95/2 The .. grinding tubercle of
the diodon. * : a
Di-odont, @. and sé. [See prec.] adj. Having
two teeth: sfec. of or pertaining to the Déo-
dontide or family of fishes of which Dzodon is
the typical genus; sd, a fish of this family. So
Diodo'ntoid a. and sd,
In modern Dicts.
|| Dieecia (doizfia). Bot. [mod.L. (Linnxus
1735), a. Gr. type *diouia, abstr. sb. from *5/ouxos
having two houses, f. 5:-, (D1- 2) twice + of«os house.
Cf. Monacta.] The twenty-second class in the
Sexual System of Linnzeus, comprising plants which
have male (staminiferous) and female (pistilliferous)
flowers on separate individuals.
1753 CuamBers Cycl. Supp., Dioecia, in Botany, a class
of plants which have the male and female parts. .in different
flowers, and .. on different plants of the same species.
Among the plants of this class are the willow, mistletoe,
hemp, spinach. 1794 Martyn Rousseau’s Bot. ix. 96.
Hence Die'cian a. = Diacious.
1828 Wenster, Déecian.
Dicecio- (deijifio), comb. f. Diacrous, = dice-
ciously ; as diactodimorphous, diactopolygamous.
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diaciopolygamous..a term applied
to those plants of which some individuals bear unisexual
and some bisexual flowers,
|
DIONYSIAC.
Dicecious (doijzfias), a. [f. Diacia + -ous.]
1. Bot. Of plants; Having the unisexual male
and female flowers on separate plants.
1748-52 Sir J. Hitt Nat. Hist., Plants 291 (Jodr.) Vhe
rhamnus with terminatory spikes and quadrified dicecious
flowers, 1789 G. Wuitre Selborne (1853) 393 Hops are
dicecious plants. 1877 Darwin Forms of Ft. Introd. 3
A species tending to become dicecious, with the stamens
reduced in some individuals and with the pistils in others.
2. Zool. Having the two sexes in separate indivi-
duals ; sexually distinct.
_ 1826 Kirsy & Sp. Entomol. (1828) IV. xlvii. 394 Certain
intestinal worms in which the sexes are dicecious. 1880
Guntuer Fishes 157 All fishes are dicecious, or of distinct
se
sex. 1882 A. Macrartane Consanguinity 8 Sex in Man
is dioecious.
Hence Dice’ciously a/v., in a dicecious manner ;
Dic ciousness, dicecious state or condition.
1859 Darwin Orig. Spec. iv. (1873) 74 Some .. species of
holly in North America, are, according to Asa Gray..more
or less diceciously polygamous. 1874 F. A. Kitcnenrr
Year's Bot. vii. 118 ‘T idea of benefit to the plant in
diceciousness. 1877 Darwin Forms of 11, vii. 279 Other-
wise every step towards diceciousness would lead towards
sterility, Ps
. . Nee on Poe Ey
Dicecism (doi,7siz’m). [ad. mod.L. dzactsmus,
Ger. dtoctsmus (Sachs), f. Gr. *8ioux-os (in L. form
dtacus : see IIMCIA) + -ISM.] Diaecions condition.
1875 Bennett & Dyer Sachs’ Bot. 807 This distribution
of the s , Which is generally termed Dioecism, occurs in
all classes and orders of the vegetable kingdom.
Diogenes (doiy"dzéniz). The name of a cele-
brated Greck Cynic philosopher, who according to
tradition showed his contempt for the amenities of
life by living ina tub; see Cynic, Hence Dio-
genes-crab, a species of West Indian hermit crab,
which chooses an empty shell for its residence.
Dio'genes-cup, the cup-like cavity formed in the
palm of the hand by arching the fingers, and bend-
ing the thumb and little finger toward each other :
from a story that the Cynic substituted this for a
cup in raising water to his mouth.
180z Mar. Evcewortn A/oral 7. (1816) I. i. 4 A table
covered with’a clean table cloth; dishes in nice order .. ap-
peared to our young Diogenes absurd superfluities. 1883
Syd. Soc. Lev. Diogenes-cup. 1884 J. Harr Chr. Home
176 Exceptional natures, that, Diogenes-like, prefer to be
let alone. : ae
Ilence Diogenic (daijodgzenik) @., of, pertaining
to, or of the nature of Diogenes. So Dioge’nical
a.; Dioge nically a/v. ; Dio'genize v., to render
cynical.
1831 CartyLe Sart. Nes. 1. v,
Socratic or rather Diogenic
1593 Nasne Christ's 7. (1613) 112 There is
y..in being Diogenicall and dogged. 1603 Drk-
sid (Shaks. Soc.) 21 Sweet signior, be not too
Diogenical to me. 1719 OzeLt tr. A/isson's Trav. Eng. 154
(D.) To despise riches, not Diogenically, but indolently.
1623 CockeraM 11, One growne Churlish, Déogenis'd.
Dioic (daioik), a. vare-°. [ad. F. dtorgue
(Bulliard 1783), or mod.L, dvoccus (Linnaeus 1753),
a. Gr. type *éiorumos; see Diacra.] = Diacious.
So Dioi‘cous a. 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex.
Diol(e, obs. early ff. Dotr, Door, grief.
+ Dionise. Ols. Also 5 diones, and in L.
form dionysia. [a. OF. diondse, dyonise (13... in
Godef.), ad. med.L. dionpsta (Albertus Magnus), L.
dionysias (Pliny), Gr. dcovvards, f. Awrtoos Bacchus. ]
A precious stone, of a black colour streaked with
red, reckoned, by medizeval writers, a preservative
against drunkenness.
[1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvi. xxxiv. (1495) 563
Dionisius is a blacke stoon or broune spronge wyth red
veynes. .yf it is groundid and medelyd wyth water-it smel-
lyth as wyne, and yet it wythstondyth dronkenshyp.] 1483
Cath. Angi. 100/t Diones, dionisia. 1567 Mariet Gr.
Forest 6 ‘The Dionise is black, or rather browne, all be-
strowed with bloudie strokes or vaines. 1601 CuesTER
Love's Maré. \xxxvi. (1878) 18 The Adamant, Dionise, and
Calcedon. 1688 R. Hotme Armoury u. 40/1 The Dionise
stone. 1750 tr. Leonardus’ Mirr. Stones 94 Dionysia.
1855 SMEDLEY Occult. Sc. 354 Dionysia.
Dionym (doidnim). [ad. Gr. d:avup-os, -ov
having two names, f. 5-, (Di-*) twice + ovopa
name.] A name consisting of two terms (as the
names in zoology or botany, the.two terms of which
denote respectively the genus and species).
18.. Coues is cited by Cent. Dict.
Dionymal (daig'nimal), a. [f. as prec. + -AL.]
Of or pertaining to a dionym; = BINOMINAL.
1656 Biounr Glossogr., Dionymal, that hath two names.
1884 J. A. ALLEN Ox Zodl. Nomen. in The Auk Oct. 352
‘The binomial (or dionymal) system.
Dionysiac (doinisixk), a [ad. L. Diony-
siac-us, a. Gr. Atovioraxds, f. Acovtora the feast
of Acdévioos Dionysus or Bacchus. So mod.F.
Dionysiaque (Acad. 1762).]
A. adj. Of or pertaining to Dionysus or Bacchus,
or to his worship.
1844 Beck & Ferxton tr. Munk's Met, 149 Dionysiac
and erotic poems. 1860 Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. 1x. iv. § 4.
236 The new Dionysiac revel. 1 Grore Plato II. xxii.
162 ‘The Orphic or Dionysiac religious mysteries. 1871
Browninc Balaust, 37 Ours the great Dionusiac theatre,
And tragic triad of immortal fames,
48*-2
.
DIONYSIAN.
B. sd. pl. The Dionysiac festivals or Dionysia,
celebrated periodically in ancient Greece.
1827-38 Hane Guesses (1867) 154 At Athens, Homer, the
Decydees and Pericles, by their united influence, fostered
them into dramatists.
‘acal a.; Dionysi‘acally adv.
1858 Hoc Shedley 1. xi. 373 The goat is a Dionysiacal
uadruped, habitually given to scale Parnassus. 16 ‘I.
'ayLor in Pamphileteer V111. a7 mundane intellect ..
is Bacchus .. the soul is particularly distributed into gene-
ration Dionysiacally. Drs te ; i
(daidnirsian), a. [f. L. Dionysi-us
of or pertaining to Dionysus or Bacchus ; also as
sb. a personal name + -AN.]
1. Of or pertaining to Dionysus or Bacchus, or
the Déonysta or festivals held in honour of Diony-
sus; = Dronysiac.
@ 1610 Heatey chery sega (1636) 13 The Seas after the
Dionysian feasts will more smooth. 1822 T. MitcuHeci
Aristoph. 1. p. xxiii, The Dionysian festivals. .were the great
carnivals of antiquity.
2. Pertaining to or characteristic of the Elder or
Younger Dionysius, tyrants of Syracuse, notorious
for cruelty.
1607 TorseLt Serpents (1658) 839 Who. .would not .. hate
.. those Dionysian Tyrants in Sicilia? 1879 Encycl. Brit.
1X.688/2 He. . punished with Dionysian severity the slightest
want of respect.
3. Pertaining to the abbot Dionysius the Little,
who lived in the sixth century, and is said to have
first practised the method of dating events from the
birth of Christ of which he fixed the accepted
date.
Dionysian period, a period of 532 Julian years, after which
the changes of the moon recur on the same days of the year; |
said to have been introduced by Dionysius for calculating |
the date of Easter.
_ 1727-52 Cuambeks Cycl.s.v. Period, Victorian Period, an
interval of five hundred and thirty-two Julian years .. Some
ascribe this period to Dionysius Exiguus; and hence call it
the Dionysian Period. 1768 Horstratt in PAil. 77raxs.
LVIII. 102 Encreased by three dionysian periods, or mul-
tiples of 28 and 19. 1876 CuamBrks stron. 470 The Diony-
sian Period is obtained by a combination of the Lunar and
Solar cycles. 1879 Farrar St, Pau/ (1883) 11 Our received
Dionysian era.
4. Of Dionysius the Areopagite (Acts xvii. 34);
esp. applied to early ecclesiastical works attributed
to him.
1885 Catholic Dict. 264/1 Pearson places the composition
of the Dionysian writings before 340.
Dionysic ((aidni'sik), a. rare. ? Obs. [f. L.
or Gr. form of Dionysus + -1c.]) Of Dionysus or
Baechus; Dionysiac.
1831 Examiner so1/1 The true Dionysic metre ; the pre-
dominant metre of Greek theatrical music. 1832 /b/d. 453/1
The Dionysic wreath, the symbol of theatric hdnor.
Diophantine (daijofe-ntin, -rin), a. Math. [f.
proper name Diophant-us + -1N¥.] Of or pertaining
to Diophantus of Alexandria, a celebrated mathe-
matician, who flourished in the fourth century ;
Spec. applied to problems involving indeterminate
equations, and to a method of solving these (Dz0-
phantine analysts) attributed to him.
17oo Grecory in Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 321 The reso-
lution of the indetermined arithmetical or Diophantine prob-
lems. 1811 P. Bartow (¢t/e), An Elementary Investigation
of the Theory of Numbers, with its application to the
indeterminate and diophantine analysis. 1888 Blackw. Mag.
June 794 She solves a diophantine problem.
Diophysite, -ism, improper ff. Dipnysirs,
Dyoruysirx, etc.
Diopside (daiy'psaid). A/in. [a. F. diopside
(Haiiy 1801), irreg. f. Gr. &-, (Di-*) twice + dfs
appearance, aspect, but viewed by later authors as
a deriv. of Gr. dioyis a view through, f. &-, d:a-
through.] A synonym of PYROXENE ; now usually
restricted to the transparent varieties,
1808 ALLAN Names Min. 26 Diopside ..a mineral from
Mussa in Piémonte. 1868 Dana Ain. 223 Diopside has
been observed as a furnace product. 1879 RutLey Study
Rocks xiii. 264 The diopside has a rough or stepped appear-
ance on the abraded surfaces of sections.
tase (dei ptéis). Min. [:. F. dioptase
(Haiiy 1801), irreg. f. Gr. &-, dsa- through + ords
seen, visible: cf. d:drrns a looker through.) A
translucent silicate of nOnpets crystallizing in six-
sided prisms, called emerald copper ore.
1804 W. Nicuorsos tr. Kourcray's Chem. 11. 430 Dioptase
is an ore of copper. 1868 Dana AZin. 402 Dioptase occurs
i in well defined crystals and amorphous on quartz.
pter (daijp*pte1). Also in Lat. form dioptra.
[a. F. dioptre (1547 in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. diop-
tra, a. Gr. dierrpa an optical instrament for mea-
suring heights, levelling, etc.; cf. also Gr. diomrpov
spying-glass, f. 5:-, &a- through +stem dm- to see
+ instrumental suffix, -rpa, -rpoy.]
1. An ancient form of theodolite, or instrument
for — angles.
1613 M. Rintey Magn. Bodies 112 Make a hole as in a
Diopter, that the Sunne may shine in at it. 1642 W. Gas-
coiGne in Rigaud Corr, Sei. Men (1841) L. 51 Two dioptraes
. fitted with glasses, hair, moveable rims, 1851 Orré
tr. Humboldt's Cosmos 111. 53 Long tubes .. employed by
Arabian astronomers. .to the extremities of which and
object diopters were attached. 1857 Wuewett Hist. /nduct,
380
Se. I. 354 He wrote .. a treatise on the Dioptra. .an instru-
ment
king angles.
SS Ths taker ar of a gratabted itde; GAu-
DADE.
1594 Buunvevit Z-rerc. tw. xx. (ed. 7) 476 Having set the
of your Ast: at that ‘Alixude. 1662 J. Davies
Risecbsbn, ent Uovade: gu tey Dicntee tata ty eager
vi m into it, I turn’d m:
salt towaeds the Genta could caclhy"dlossha ds 4
Kuicur Dict. Mech. 1. 172/1 To measure an angle with t
astrolabe, the latter is with its center over the vertex
of the angle, and turned until the fixed diopters sight in the
direction of one side. i
angle contained between the two strips is read off.
+3. A surgical speculum. Oés.
1706 Puiuirs (ed. Kersey), Dioptra .. a Surgeon's Instru-
ment. 1727-51 Cuampers Cyc/., Dioftra, among surgeons,
denotes an instrument whereby to dilate the matrix, or
anus, and inspect any ulcers therein; called also speculum
matricis, and dilatatorium. 1872 Tuomas Dis. Women 37
If therefore, says Paul of A®gina, the ulceration be within
reach, it is detected by the dioptra.
4. An instrument for obtaining drawings of the
skull by projections.
1878 Bartiey tr. Topinard’s Anthrop. i. iii. 6
5. A unit of measurement for lenses; = Dioprric
5b, 2,
1890 GouLp New Med. Dict. 133/1 Diopter or Dioptric.
+ Dioptic, a. and s+. Obs. [f. Gr. &-, dia-
| through + dm7-ds of or pertaining to sight or
vision, f. root ém- to see.] .
A. adj. =Diorrric. Also Dio'ptical.
1656 Biount Glossogr., The Dioptick Art, the Perspective
Art, or that part of Astronomy, which by Quadrants and
hollow instruments pierces the Heavens, and measures the
distance, length, bigness, and breadth of the Cerlestial
bodies. 1818 Topp, Déoptical, and Dioptick, so the next
words [dioptrical, dioptric) are now sometimes written.
B. sb. a. One skilled in Diorrrics. b. ( i.)
= Dioprrics.
1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1. 58 If our Diopticks could attain
to that curiosity as to grind us such Glasses, as would
. the Effluviums of the Magnet. 1665-6 PAil. Trans.
.56 He intends to give the. .demonstration in his Diopticks
which he is now writing.
Dioptra: see Dioprer.
+ Dioptral, z. Od.
+-AL.] =Du1optric a.
1610 W. Foi KInGHaM Art of Survey u. ii. 50 Degrees of
angular production obserued by some Dioptrall instrument.
Dioptric (dai'ptrik), a. and sd, [mod. ad. Gr.
diomrpix-ds of or pertaining to the use of the diow7pa
(DiopTer); in neuter pl.d:omzpied as sb., the science
of dioptrics. See -1¢, -1cs.]
A. adj. +1. Of the nature of, or pertaining to,
a Dioprer (sense 1). Ods.
1635 N. Carrenter Geog. Del. 1. v. 107 Two signes of the
Zodiacke diametrally opposite should not be seene by a
Dioptricke instrument. 1681 tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks.
Vocab., Dioptric, belonging to the perspective, or a mathe-
matical instrument, thorow which they look to take the
height of a thing.
2. Serving as a medium for sight ; assisting vision
(or rendering it possible) by means of refraction (as
a lens, the humours of the eye).
1653 H. More Antid. Ath. u. xii, (1712) 84 To view the
Asperities of the Moon through a Dioptrick-glass. 1660 —
Myst. Godl. 1. iii. 36 None of the external Organs have any
Sense at all in them, no more then an Acousticon or a
Dioptrick glass. 1858 J. Maxringau Stud. Chr. 186 A dead
mechanism. .ready to serve as the dioptric glass, spreading
the images of light from the Infinite on the tender and living
retina, 1878 ‘I’. Bryant Pract. Surg. 1. 299 The refraction
is said to be normal or abnormal according to the position
of the retina with regard to the focus of the dioptric system.
8. Relating to the refraction of light; pertaining
to dioptrics (see B. 3); esf. (of a telescope, etc.),
refractive, refracting. (Opp. to CaTopTRric.)
[f. L. dioptra Dioprer
‘ i The movable strip with its diopters _
| is then sighted in the direction of the other side, the
Dioptric system, in lighthouses, also called refracting —
system: see quot. 187 A ‘
1672 NewTon in Phil. Trans. VII. 5086 For Dioptrique
Tel . the difficulty consisted not in the Figure of the
glass, but in the Difformity of Refractions. 1688 R. Hotme~
Armoury 1. 146/2 The .. Dioptrick, or broken sight, is
rightly seen ina Tub of Water where the Surface is cut.
1753 Phil. Trans. XLVI. 167 Our common telescopes
whether dioptric or reflecting. 1871 Tyxpatt tego Se.
(1879) II. xvi. 436 The light was devel in the focus of
a di ric apparatus. 1 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. WV.75
The Dioptric arrangement is that in which the rays issuing
from the flame are collected and refracted in a given direc-
tion by a lens placed in front of the light.
+4. Capable of being seen through : see quot.
x80r Farmer's Mag. 11. 48 As to dioptric beehives [i.e.
rovided with glass windows on opposite sides] the best I
Eve seen is of wood, 1860 J. P. Kennepy I. Wirt IL. xiii.
i into that ‘ diop-
220 These few frag: - give us. .g
tri 9 gm *, the heart of the writer.
P
2 f DIopter I.
Orrk tr. Humboldt’s Cosmos U1. 545 The Alexandrian
oa ty ome ee iitiel arate, and Nacer op
trics.
2. A unit for expressing the refractive power of a
lens, being the power of a lens whose focal distance
is one metre. mee ar
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., One dioptric, w ich is written 1D, is
a inne or one | meter, or 20-37 snches, focal distance. 1887
A. Bruce in Zucycd. Brit. Il. 373.
dioramist raves at a
DIORISTIC
3. fl. Dioptries: that
cs which treats of refraction of light.
(Opp. to CaToprrics.)
ws Dicsy Nat. Bodies E Gae§s) 33% The demonstration
.-Renatus Des Cartes has pant Comntie ue Same
of Dioptrikes. 1667 Pil. Trans. 11. 626 The Dioptricks,
that di Refracted, . CHAMBERLAYNE
Relig. Phil IL. xxii
=~ ree pill aDirsent th PS rate A A Ne oe
in ind understands of Vision. 183
REWSTER ics in - Light oe through transparent
bodies is ate ing to i laws, the con-
ion of which constitutes the subject of dioptrics.
a, [f. as prec. + -AL.]
+1. =Dioprrric a. 1. Obs.
1612 BrerEwoop
hrough Dioptrical
s,s oy erent Gan, r. Tees of Scheffer’s
reatise on the Emendation ioptrical Telescopes.
3. Of or belonging to dioptrics ; skilled in diop-
trics.
1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1. 78 ee ical Artists. 1
Suorr in PAél. he LIX. a a radius somewhat
fonger than the focal length you want, for a dioptrical
reason. 1800 Younc iéid. XCI.27 Dioptrical propositions.
+4. =Duioprric a. 4. Ods.
1759 Sterne 77. Shandy 1. xxiii, To have i softly, as
look’d in. .
you would to a dioptrical bee-hive, and ;
Hence Dio-ptrically adv., by means of refraction.
win Hist. Litteraria U1. 363 To produce very extra-
inary Effects. .either dioptrically or catoptrically. 1849-
a Topp Cycl. Anat. IV. 1441/2 Dioptrically-formed_co-
oured margins. 1883 Carrenter in Encycl. Brit. XV1.
266/1 s.v. haigss Images dioptrically formed of the
general outlines an hixger details of microscopic objects.
ician (doaijpptri‘fan). rave. [f. Dior-
tRIC ; cf. optician.) One skilled in dioptrics.
1670 Phil. Trans. V. 2045 An Un-usual kind of Refrac-
tion, hitherto un-observed by Dioptricians.
Dioptrics: see Diorrric B 3.
Diorama (deijora‘ma). [mod. (in F. 1822) f.
Gr. &-, dua- through + 6papa that which is seen, a
sight: cf. dopd-ev to see through.) A mode of
scenic representation in which a picture, some por-
tions of which are translucent, is vieWed through
an aap an the sides of which are continued to-
wards the picture ; the light, which is thrown upon
the picture from the roof, may be diminished or in-
creased at pleasure, so as to represent the change
from sunshine to cloudy weather, etc. The name
has also been used to include the building in which
dioramic views are exhibited; and in later times
has been transferred to exhibitions of dissolving
views, etc.
The Diorama, invented by Daguerre and Bouton, was
first exhibited in London, 29 Sept. 1823, the building being
erected in Regent's Park. It was patented in 1824 by
J. Arrowsmith, No. 4899. .
1823 Ann. hs 309* It is called the Diorama, and the
idea is borrowed from the panorama. 1824 J. ArrowsMiTH
Specif. Patent No. 4899 (¢itée) An_ im mode of
publicly exhibiting pictures .. which I denominate a ‘ dio-
rama’, 1872 itiot Middlem, liii, ‘The memory has
as many moods as the temper, and shifts its scenery like
ee LT in Fortn. Rev. J Litera-
7 ‘OLLEMACHE in . Rev. Jan. 117 r
oot lie! weaken ae it icts, while
art can give only a panorama. E. Reeves Homeward
Bound 331 Entering the river mes, we were delighted
with the double diorama of ships and ea meadows.
Pats sia Maria er one J.C. Hare yh
« (8 . xvi. 310 Like gradual change
diene oes from light to dark. | a)
Hence Diora‘mist, a proprietor or exhibitor of a
diorama. + atest dl ;
Hoon Tylney Hall (1840) ere an indignant
rn a boggiieg sconmaniiien,
(daijore’mik), a. [f. Diokama +
-10. (Gr. analogies would require déoramatic.)]
Of the nature of, or ining to, a diorama,
1831 Brewster Vat. Magic iv. (1833) 66 The same Laer ats
ny
exhibited under all the La
dioramic tation, 1 Muscrave Sy-roads 251
There is another chapel .. where the same f effect
has been produced Jed coloured glass lights. 1881
Daily Tet. 27 Dec., Well- dioramic effects, depict-
ing a terrible storm with. .th and light %
(daiériz’m). rare. [ad. Ge. hope pide,
distinction, logical division, f. depi¢-ew to draw a
boundary through, divide, distinguish.] The act
of defining; distinction, definition: by H. More
used app. as= —, — or Do vig 4
R . eat
2Sit.o Idols sone maode of Idolatry but, by a Propheticall
Diorism, it signifies Idolatry in general. 1680 — Afoc+
A foc. 92 If they were not just four .. yet by a i
Diorisme they might be called four, . am Jilustration
35 In a Mystical sense, by a Diorism, Musick may
be that at their Idolatrous worship. —
+ Diori'stic, ¢. Ods. [ad. Gr. Boparix-ds dis-
tinctive ; f. as prec.] Serving to define or distin-
guish 5 peng Corr, Sci. Men (1841) 1. 216 In
S on (1841 .
Re, Drager) te tieristic. limits is lost. 1684 Phil.
of the science of
F
7
DIORISTICAL.
Trans, XIV. 575 A Cardanick A®quation .. such as shall
have the dioristick limits rational.
+ Diori'stical, a. Obs. [f. as prec. + -aAL.] =,
prec. Hence Diori-stically adv., by distinctive
application: see DiorisM.
1664 H. More £xf. 7 Churches 72 Ye are not .. free
from the Lusts of the flesh Sapa Vice is here noted by
Nicolaitism dioristically, as Idolatry in general before 4
eating things sacrificed to Idols). 1668 — Div. Diad. v. xl.
(1713) 52t The Lake of Fire and Brimstone not symbolical
or dioristical, but Visible or natural. .
Diorite (doi-drait). Ain. [a. F. dtorite (Haiiy),
irreg. f. d:opi¢-ev to distinguish +-11E.] A variety
of GREENSTONE, consisting of hornblende combined
with a triclinic feldspar (albite or oligoclase).
1826 W. Puitiies Oxtl. Mineral. § Geol. 151 The Dia-
base, Diorite, and Amphibolite of French authors, seems to
include both Greenstone and Hornblende rock. 1858
Geikie Hist. Boulder xii. 239 Hornblendic green-stones,
or diorites. 1865 Lussock Prek. Times vi. (1869) 182
The axe was preeminently the implement of antiquity.
“Serpentine and diorite were the principal materials.
attrib, 1877 A. B. Epwarps Up Nile xxii. 709 The
magnificent. diorite statue of Shafra, the builder of the
Second Pyramid. 1890 Goldfields Victoria 17 The stone
- running through a diorite dyke.
Dioritic (doijoritik), z. [f. Dioriry +-10.] Of
the nature of diorite ; containing diorite.
1847 in Craic, 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. vii. (1856) 55
A similar range..on the Atlantic side, evidently a con-
tinuation of the same dioritic series. 1862 Dana J/an.
Geol. iii. 78 Dioritic Schist. '
|| Diorthosis (daigipdwsis). [mod.L., a. Gr.
5idpOwars, n. of action f. b:op0d-ew to make straight,
f. &:-, da- through, thoroughly + dp@ds straight,
right.] The act of setting straight or in order:
a. in Surxg., the straightening of crooked or frac-
tured limbs. b, The recension or revision of a
literary work.
1704 in J. Harris Lex. Techn. (J.). 1706 Puitvirs (ed.
Kersey), D/orthosis, in Surgery, an Operation, whereby
crooked or distorted Members are made even, and restor’d
to their Original and Regular Shape. 1873 Brit. Q. Rev.
LVI. 297 he diorthosis (i.e. the setting free from figure
and parable, the fulfilment) of the Old ‘Testament in the
New. 1874 H. R. Reynotps Yohn Baft. viii. 500 Christ
was the diorthosis of the temple.
Diorthotic (deijpipp'tik), a [ad. Gr. d:op0w-
tx-ds corrective: derived as prec.] Of or pertain-
ing to recension of a literary work (see prec. b).
1860 M. Partison Ess. (1889) I. 162 No sooner had
Scaliger placed himself by common consent at the head of
textual criticism, than he took leave for ever of diorthotic
criticism. r
Dioscoreaceous (deiysk6e:ri)A-fas), a. Zot.
[f. mod.L. Déoscoredcex, f. Dioscorea, the typical
genus, containing the yams.] Of or belonging to
the N.O. Dioscoreacex of Monocotyledons.
Dioscorein (doijpgskderéin). [f. Dioscorea +
-In.] ‘An impure substance made by precipitating
the tincture of Déoscorea villosa with water’ (Syd.
Soc. Lex, 1883). .
|| Diosma (deijg'sma). Bot. [mod.L., f. Gr.
&t-os divine + douy odour.] A genus of South
African heath-like plants (N.O. Autacex), with
strong balsamic odour.
1794 Martyn Roussean’s Botany xvi. 209. 1800 J. ABER-
cromBie Ev. Man his own Gardener el 16) 251 African
heaths .. diosmas .. will require to. be frequently refreshed
with moderate waterings. 1866 7 reas. Bot. 411/1 Diosma
.-cultivated for their white or pinkish flowers.
Hence Dio‘smin (see quot. 1883).
1837 Penny Cycl. 1X. 5/1 Brandes considers the extractive
to be peculiar, and terms it Diosmin. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex.,
Diosmin, a bitter principle, of brownish yellow colour,
luble in water, ob i ed from the Diosma crenata.
|| Diosmosis (doigsmou'sis). Also in anglicized
form diosmose. [mod.f. Gr. &-, da- through +
Osmosis: cf. end-, exosmosis.] The transudation
of a fluid through a membrane ; = Osmosis.
oy, hd Stiruine tr. Landor's Text-bk. Hum. Phys. 1.
393 This exchange of fluids is termed exdosmosis or dios-
mosis. 1883 Sy.
as Osmosis.
Hence Diosmo'tic @., pertaining to diosmosis;
= Oswmoric.
| Diota (deiawta). Gr. and Rom. Antig. [L.
didta, a. Gr. biasrn two-eared, f. &-, (Di- 2) doubly
+ @r- stem of ods ear.] A vessel with two ears or
handles.
1857 Bircu Anc. Pottery (1858) x 199 The emblems upon
them were various, comprising leaves, an eagle, a head of
Hercules, diota, and bunch of grapes. 1890 W. Smiru Dict.
Gr. & Rom. Antig. (ed. 3) 1. 640 Diota..is generally used
as synonymous with amphora, though it may signify any
two-handled vessel .. A diota of the earliest style.
Diothelism, -ite, irreg. ff. Diraetisu, Dyo-
THELISM, etc, r
|| Diovti, dihoti. Ods. [Gr. dd7¢ wherefore,
for what reason, for the reason that, f. &:d (rod70)
67 for the reason that.] A ‘ wherefore’.
xt Biccs New Disp. Summary 35 The Schools ignorant
of the Quiddities and Dihoties of things. 1687 Pharisee
Unmask'd 6 Yo satisfie those to whom he hath promised
a Demonstration Dioti. 1734 Warts Relig. Fuv. (1789) 79
He set forth the analysis of the words in order, shewed the
Hoté and the Dioti (i.e. that it was so, and why it was so).
Soc. Lex., Diosmose .. Diosmosis, same
381
Diotrephes Sal sage The name of a man
mentioned 3 John 9, 10, as loving to have the pre-
eminence in the church; hence used typically of
persons to whom this character is attributed.
Hence Diotrephe'sian, Diotre’phian, Diotre’-
phic adjs., like Diotrephes; Dio:trephe'tically
adv., in the manner of Diotrephes; Dio'trephist,
an imitator of Diotrephes.
1628 Witner Brit. Rememd, vi. 711 And, some there be,
that with Diotrophes, Affect preheminence in these our
dayes. 1660 Fisner Rustichs Alarm Wks. (1679) 357
A meer Diotrephetically impudent and impositively prating
Spirit. /ééd. 557 Chief Priests, aspiring Rabbies, Divinity
Doctors, proud Diotrepheses. 1674 Owen //oly Spirit
(1693) 161 Fuel in it self unto the Proud, Ambitious Minds
of Diotrephists. 1829 Sourney Siv 7’, More I. 59 A man
may figure as the Diotrephes of a Meeting. 1838 G. S.
Faper Ax /uguiry w. iv. 585 The diotrephic lovers of pre-
éminence. 1845 T. W. Corr Puritanism 475 Is there any
of the old Diotrephian spirit left? 1862 J. MacrarLane
Life G. Lawson iw. 194 Dr. Lawson asked the name of
this Diotrephesian female.
Dioxide (daijg*ksaid, -sid). Chem. [f. Di-2 2
+ OxIDE.] An oxide formed by the combination
of two equivalents of oxygen with one of the metal
or metalloid, as Carbon dioxide CO,, Manganese
dioxide MnO,.
Originally applied to an oxide containing two equivalents
of the chlorous element: see D1-? 2 ».
1847 in Craic, 1854 J. Scorrern in Orr's Cire. Sc. Chem.
491 Corresponding with the sub or di-oxide-of copper. 1869
A, J. Jarman in Lug. Alech. 17 Dec. 330/1 ‘The easiest way
to prepare oxygen gas is to heat together in a retort three
parts potassic chlorate with one part dioxide of manganese.
1878 Huxtey /’ysiogr. 80 An invisible gas, known as
carbon dioxide, or more commonly carbonic acid,
Dio-xy-, diox-. Chem. [f. Di-2 2 + Oxy-
(GEN.] A combining element expressing the pre-
sence in a compound of two atoms of oxygen ;
spec. the presence in an organic compound of two
equivalents of the monad radical hydroxyl (OH)
taking the place of two atoms of hydrogen, as
dioxy-acid, dtoxybenzene, CeH, OH), (benzene
being C,H,).
1877 Warts /ownes’ Chem. (ed. 12) I. 541 Two dioxy-
benzoic acids are obtained by fusing the two disulpho-
benzoic acids with potassium hydroxide. One of these
dioxy-acids forms crystals..not coloured by ferric chloride.
Dip (dip, v. Pa. t. and pple. dipped, dipt,
pr. pple.dipping. Forms: 1 dypp-an,dipp-an,
2-6 dypp-e(n, 3-5 duppe(n (/), 3-6 dippe, 6-
dip. /a.¢. 6 dypte, dypped, 6- dipped (.Sc.
dippit), 7 dipp’d, dip’d, 7- dipt. /’a. pple. 1-6
dypped, (5 deppyd), 6- dipped (Sc. dippit), 7-
dipt. [OE. dyppax wk. vb. (pa. t. adyple, pple.
dypped :—OTeut. *dupjan, f. weak grade dup- of
ablaut series *deup-, daup-, dup-, whence the adj.
Deep (:—*deup-oz). Cf. the cognate DEvE v.]
I. Transitive senses.
1. To put down or let down temporarily or par-
tially zz or 2/0 a liquid, or the like, or the vessel
containing it (usually with the notion of wetting, or
of taking up a portion of the liquid, etc.); to im-
merse ; to plunge (but with less implication of force
and splashing, the sound of the word expressing a
light though decided act),
c1000 Ags. Gosp. Mark xiv. 20 Se Se his hand on disce
mid me dypd. cx000 Sax. Leechd. 111.118 Nim panne
hnesce wulle and dupe on ele. 1340 Hamroe 7’. Cousc.
8044 A vesselle dypped alle bidene In water, or in other
lycour thyn. 1382 Wyciir Lake xvi. 24 Fadir Abraham ..
send Lazarus, that he dippe the last part of his fyngur in
watir, and kele my tunge. 1535 CoverDaLe Yohu xiii. 26
It is he vnto whom I dyppe the soppe & geue it. And he
dypte in the soppe and gaue it vnto Iudas Iscarioth. 158
Mutcaster Positions xxvii. (1887) 104 The Germains. .vsed
then to dippe their new borne children into extreme cold
water. 1602 SHaks. Ham. 1v. vii. 143, I but dipt a knife
in it. 165r Hopsrs Leviath, ut. xxxvi. 224 Clothed in
a garment dipt in bloud. 1742 Pore Duc. wv. 163 A Poet
the first day he dips his quill. 1801 Med. F¥rnl. XX1. 82
A piece of loaf bread, dipt in cold water, 1823 Lams Llia
Ser. 1. New Year's Coming of Age, He dipt his fist into
the middle of the great custard. 1839 G. Birp Nat. Philos.
144 If a magnet be dipped in iron filings, it will attract,
and cause them to adhere to its surface.
absol. ¥ Suaks, Tison 11. ii. 73 Who can call him
his Friend, ‘That dips in the same dish? 1878 Browninc
Poets Croisic 83 Up with quill, Dip and indite !
Jig. 1581 Petrie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. u. (1586) 67 For
you dip somewhat the Pensill_of your ‘Tongue in the fres
and cleere coulour of the ‘Tuscane tongue. 1602 SHAks.
Ham. wW. vii. 19 The great loue the — gender beare
him, Who dipping all his Faults in their affection, Would
++ Conuert his Gyues to Graces, 1818 Suetiey Rev. /slam
1x. xii, By .. the name Of thee, and many a tongue which
thou hadst dipped in flame.
2. To immerse in baptism ; to baptize by immer-
sion (now usually contemptuous). In quot. 1602
=CHRISTEN v. 3. Also adsol. t
_ 975 Rushw. Gosp. Matt. iii. 11 Ic eowic depu & dyppe
in waettre in hreunisse.. ¢1200 ORMIN 1551 Purrh patt tatt
tu fullhtnesst hemm & Y waterr dipp ¢ 1315
Suorenam rr And wanne hi cristneth ine the foun3t The
prestes so thries duppeth, In the honur of the Trinite.
¢1400 Maunperv. (Roxb.) iii. 10 Pai make bot ane vnecioun,
when pai cristen childer, ne dippes baim but anes in
fount. 1552 Bk. Com. Prayer, Publ. Baptism Rubric,
DIP.
Then the Priest shall take the child .. and .. shall dip
it in the water. 1602 Marston Ant. & Mel. 1. Wks.
1856 I. 15 It pleas’d the font to dip me Rossaline. 1639
Sattmarsu Policy 73 These whom wee would have
members of a Visible Church, we baptize and dip. 1766
Wes try Is, (1872) 11. 248 He and _ six-and-twenty
more have been dipped! 1876 Bancrorr //ést. U. S. II.
xxx. 262 The confessions .. began to be directed against
the Anabaptists. Mary Osgood was dipped by the devil.
3. In various technical processes: see also Div-
PING vbl. sb. 1. spec. a. To immerse in a colouring
solution; to dye, imbue. Also with the colouring
matter as subject, or with the resulting colour as
object. ( poetic.)
1667 Mitton ?. Z. vy. 283 Six wings he [a Seraph] wore
.. the middle pair .. round Skirted his loines and thighes
with downie Gold And colours dipt in Heav'’n. /d/d. x1.
244 Iris had dipt the wooff. 1712-4 Pore Rafe Lock u. 65
Thin glitt’ring textures of the filmy dew, Dipt in the richest
tincture of the skies. 1780 Cowrer Zable 7. 703 Fancy
that from the bow that spans the sky Brings colours dipped
in Heaven. 1887 Bowen Virg, 2neid v. 112 Raiment
dipped in the purple. ;
b. To make (a candle) by repeatedly dipping a
wick in melted tallow.
1712 Act 10 Anne in Lond, Gas. No. 5031/6 Before he
begins to make or dip any Making or Course of Candles.
¢ 1865 Letuesy in Cerc. Sc. 1. 93/2 To dip a number of
candles at the same time.
e. 70 dip sheep: To bath them in a poisonous
liquor for the purpose of killing the vermin and
cleansing the skin.
1840 Frul. Roy. Agric. Soc. Ser. 1. 1. 324 A person who
travels from farm to farm dipping sheep for the ticks. 1847
Trans. Hight, §& Agric. Soc. Scot. Ser. ut. If. 300 Three
men to dip and a boy to drive water, can easily bathe 600
to 800 sheep ina day. 1853 Catal. KR. Agric. Soc. Show t
Such is the importance .. of dipping with this composition,
that no extensive flock-master ought to be without it.
4. ‘To suffuse with moisture ; to impregnate by,
or as if by, immersion.
1634 Mitton Comus 802 A cold shuddering dew Dips me
all o'er. 1678 Drypen lll for Lowe uu. i, Vhese poison’d
Gifts ., Miriads of bluest Plagues lie underneath ‘em, And
more than Aconite has dipt the Silk.
tb. fg. Applied to the use of the liquor in
which a toast is drunk. Odés.
1657 R. Lovepay Leté. (1663) 36 We dip’d some choice
healths .. in the best Laurentian Liquor. /déd@. 95 Diping
your health in the noblest liquor.
e. To penetrate, as by dipping; to dip into. rare.
1842 Tennyson Morte d’Arthur 143 But ere he dipt the
surface, rose an arm... And caught him [i.e. Excalibur the
sword] by the hilt.
5. To obtain or take wf by dipping; to lift out
of a body of liquid, ete. : usually with uf.
To dip snuff (South. U.S.): to take snuff by dipping a
split or brush-like stick or bit of rattan into it and rubbing
it upon the teeth and gums.
1602 Carew Cornwall 30b, The shrimps are dipped up
in shallow water by the shore side, with little round nets.
1824 Miss Mitrorp / lage Ser. 1. (1863) 45 ‘There she
stands at the spring, dipping up water for to-morrow.
1848-60 Bartiert Dict. Amer., To dip suuff, a mode of
taking tobacco. 1861 L. L. Nose /cebergs 272 Fresh
water may be dipped in winter, from small open spaces in
the bay. 1886 Century Mag. Feb. 586 Sam Upchurch
smoked his pipe, and Peggy dipped snuff, but Dyer de-
clined joining them in using tobacco.
6. éransf. To lower or let down for an instant,
as if dipping in a liquid; sfec. to lower and then
raise (a flag) as a naval salute, or (a sail) in tacking.
1776 Trial of Nundocomar 43/2 He dipt his seal on the
cushionsink-pad], and sealed the bond. 1859 Reape Love
me little Il. iv. 174 ‘They have not got to dip their sail,
as we have, every time we tack’..‘I and the boy will dip
the lug’.. Now this operation is always a nice one, parti-
cularly in these small luggers, where the lug has to be
dipped, that is to say, lowered and raised again on the
opposite side of the mast. 1882 Nares Seamanship (ed. 6)
148 The men who dip the sail should stand on the lee side.
1894 C. N. Rosinson Brit. Fleet 179 ‘Vo-day, ‘dipping the
flag’ is an act of courtesy; men-of-war do not do it to one
another, but if merchant ships ‘dip’ their ensigns to them
they reply in a similar manner.
b. To cause to sink ; to lower, depress.
1879 Geo. Evtor Coll..Breakf. P. 418 Duty or social
.. Would dip the scale.
7. fig. To immerse, involve, implicate (/z any
affair, esp. of an undesirable kind), Chiefly in
pass. (Cf. DEEP a. 19.) Ods. exc. as in b.
a 1627 Mippteton Changeling ut. iv, A woman dipp'd in
blood, and talk of modesty! 1671-3 Sir C. Lytretton in
Hatton Corr. (1878) 74 St Steph. Fox is dipt 70,000! deepe in
that concerne. 1678 Drypen Avnd Keeper Prol., True Wit
has seen its best Days long ago, It ne’er look’d up, since we
were dipt in Show. 1700 — /ad/es Pref. (Globe) 500 He
was a little dipped in the rebellion of the Commons. 1775
Burke Corr. (1844) I. 50 Then we shall be thoroughly
dipped, and then there will be no way of getting out, but by
disgracing England, or enslaving America. 1789 Mrs.
Prozzt Yourn. France 1, 139 He was a man deeply dipped
in judicial astrology. 1798 H. Watrote Le?é. (1857) I.
Remin. iii. p. cix, Having been deeply dipped in the iniqui-
ties of the South Sea.
b. To involve in debt or pecuniary liabilities ;
to mortgage (an estate) ; to pawn. (co//og.)
1640 GLAPTHORNE Wit in Constable v, If you scorne to
borrow, you may dip Your chaine. 1693 DrypEN Persins v1.
160 Never dip thy Lands. @1700 B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew s.v.
Layd-up.,Cloaths..are pawn’d or dipt for..Money. 1817
Mar. Evcewortu Zales § Novels (Rtldg.) LX. xii. 116 My
little Jessica has..played away ata rare rate with my ready
good
DIP.
y—dipped me confoundedly, 1880 Miss Brappon Just
as I am it, Nobody had ever been able to say that the
Courtenay estate was ‘ bb oop *. 1883 — Phant. Fort, xxv.
(1884) 299 The young lady was slightly dipped.
II. Intransitive senses (some for vef.; others
absolute uses). ‘
8. To plunge down a little into water or other
liquid and quickly emerge. Const. in, inlo, under.
1387 Trevisa /igden (Rolls) I. 119 A lantern wip ly3t
fletep and swymmeth aboue, and 3if be liz3t is iqueynt, it
duppep doun and drynchep. 1719 De For Crusoe (1840) I.
Phot Sa fain to dip Lhe — e water. ep tg ——
Skete »y Voyage (1887) 24 Her s would dip into the
water ; her bow was almost taried {onuk the waves. 1843
Macautay Lays Anc. Rome, Horat. vii, Unharmed the
water-fowl may dip In the Volsinian mere. ee
Atalanta 16 Oars Break, and the beaks dip wi , drinking
death. 1884 W. C. Smitu Aildrostan 1. 1. 239 Slowly the
muffled oars dip in the tide.
9. To plunge one’s hand (or a ladle or the like)
into water, etc., or into a vessel, esp. for the pur-
pose of taking something out. b. slang. To pick
pockets. ¢. Zo dip (deeply, etc.) into one's purse,
means, etc.: ( fig.) to withdraw or expend a consider-
able sum, to trench upon means.
1697 Drypen Persins 1. 38 Suppose I dipp'd among the
worst, and Staius chose. 1817 Sporting Mag. Farmer), have
dipped into 150.. pockets and not found a shilling. @ 1847
Mrs. Suerwoop Lady of Manor I. viii. 334 In early life he
had dipped so deeply into his property as obliged him to
leave the country. 1884 Chr. World 19 June 453/2 As new
schools are built, Mr. Mundella must dip more
the national purse.
10. To fish by letting the bait dip and bob lightly
on the water; =Dapv.1, Dipv.2 3, DIBBLE v.? 2.
1799 G. Smitu Ladoratory 11. 272 The few which you may
..take, by dipping or dapping, will scarcely be eatable.
1875 [see Dirrinc vd 5d.).
11. ¢ransf. To sink or drop down through a small
space, or below a particular level, as if dipping into
water; to go down, sink, set.
1375 Yoseph Arim. 534 He mette a gome on an hors ..
He hente vp his hachet and huttes him euene.. Wip be deb
in his hals downward he duppes. 1654 WHITLOCK Zootomia
312 Use the North Starre of the Ancients, till .. that Guide
dippeth under the Horizon. 1720 Lett. fr. Lond. Fru. (1721)
58 Before he had told it all, the Sun dipt in. 1781 Cowrer
Hope 374 Suppose the beam should dip on the wrong side.
1798 CoLeripce Anc. Mar. 1, The Sun’s rim dips; the stars
rush out. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. iv. (1856) 31 During
the bright twilight interval he [the sun] will dip but a few
degrees below the horizon. 1884 Biack Jud. Shaks. ix,
The swallows dipping and darting under the boughs.
b. To move the body downwards in obeisance ;
to drop a curtsy; to ‘ bob’. :
1817 Byron Beppo Ixv, To some she curtsies, and to some
she dips.
e. To extend a little way downwards or below
a surface (without motion) ; to sink.
1854 Ronatps & Ricuarpson Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) 1.292
The short pipes v are consequently allowed to project about
that much above the level of the plate, while their lower
extremities dip into shallow cups which remain filled with
liquid. 1878 L. P. Mrrevirn 7eeth 68 Superficial decay [of
the tooth] is confined to the enamel covering, or dips but
slightly into the dentine. 1887 Bowen Iirg. 4ineid i.
536 ‘I'wo turreted precipice blocks Dip, like walls, to the
wave.
12. To have a downward inclination ; to incline
or slope downwards; to be inclined to the horizon :
spec. of the magnetic needle, and in Geol. of strata
(see Dip sd. 4, 5).
1665 Hooke Microgr. 172 The plain of it lies almost hori-
zontal, but onely the forepart does dip a little, or is some-
what more deprest. 1727-51 Cuampers Cyc/. s.v. Dipping-
needle, A magnetical needle so hung as that..one end dips,
or inclines to the horizon. 1747 Hooson A/iner’s Dict. G iij,
Dipfp is when the Flat-Beds fies not Levell, but declines
some way, and it is by them that we know when the Rock
Dipps, unless we be on the Top of it. 1796 WirneRinec
Brit. Plants 1V. 251 [Fungi]... Pileus convex. .edge dipping
down, 1} to 2 inches over. 1806 Gaset/eer Scotd. (ed. 2) 70
The strata are in some instances perpendicular to fa
horizon, and in all iy ipl much. 1 Scoressy Ace.
Arctic Reg. 11. 539 In this hemisphere, the north end of the
needle dips, but the contrary in the southern hemisphere,
where the south end of the needle dips. 1879 E. Garretr
House by Works 1. 140 You have no idea how the road dips.
13. To go (more or less) deeply into a subject.
1755 Younc Centaur ii. Wks. 1757 IV. 134 But I shall not
dip so deep in its consequences. 1842 Tennyson Locksley
Ww 15 Here about the beach I wander'd.. When I dipt into
the future far as human eye could see.
14. To dip into (a book, a subject of study): to
enter slightly and briefly into a subject, without
becoming absorbed or ‘buried’ in it; said especi-
ally of reading short passages here and there in a
book, without continuous perusal.
pac skim, to read superficially and slightly but contin-
uously.
1682 Drvpen Relig. Laicé Pref. (Globe) 191 They cannot
dip into the Bible, but one text or another will turn up for
their purpose. 1686 Goav Cedest. Bodies 11. i, 123 You can-
not dip into a Diary but you will find it. 1760 Gray Lett.
Wks, 1884 IIL. 24, I have not attentively read him, but only
dipp’d here and there. 1777 W. Datrymrce 7vav. SP. +
Port. Pref. 4,1 have endeavoured to dip a little into the
state of government. 1 Suttivan View Nat. 11, Might
not Moses have di . .n the same source with the authors
of the Shaasta? A. B. Evwarvs Up Nile iv. 96 We
have of course been dipping into Herodotus.
| his house to have a dip in the sea.
| in the history of the
(dip), sd.
_1. Anact of dipping; a plunge or brief imm:
in water or other liquid; also ¢vansf. and fig.: see
various senses of the verb.
ans? Marston Sco. Villanie 1. iv. 189 For ingrain’d Habits,
with often dips, Are not so soone discoloured. 1686
Goan Celest. Bodies 1, xvi. 101 The Celerity of a Boat is
continued by a successive dip of the Oar. 1727-51 CHAMBERS
Cycl. s.v. Candle, A trough to catch the droppings, as the
Candles are taken out each dip. 3796 Mrs. Giasse Cookery
xiv. 248 Have ready .. a pan of clean cold water, just give
your pudding one dip in. 1843 James Forest Days ii, ‘I'll
give im a dip in the horse *, 1871 J. Miter Songs
taly (1878) 14 There was only the sound of the long oars’
dip, As the low moon sailed up the sea. 1874 L. Sternen
Hours in Library (1892) 11. ii. 51 He rode sixty miles from
d 1879 J. J. Younc Ceram.
Art 81 Stone-ware is very seldom by a ‘dip’.
b. A dip in or into (a book) : see Dip uv, 14.
1760 Foore Afinor 1. (1767) 25 Come, shall we have a dip
Four Kings this morning ? Jas.
| Grant Sk. Lond. 373 A half-hour’s ‘dip’ into some circulat-
| right hand with a fresh dip of ink in it.
eeply into J
ing-library book.
¢. The act of dipping up liquid, e.g. ink with the
pen; the quantity taken up at one act of Suter f
1841 S. WARREN 10,000 a year III, 10 He took his pen in his
1889 Durham Univ.
Frnt. 196 The same ‘dip of ink’ is always ready.
d. A curtsy, a ‘ bob’: cf. Dip v. 11b.
1792 Wotcotr (P. Pindar) Ode to Burke Wks. 1812 III. 38
Then the Dame will answer with a dip. 1808 —- Ef. to
Mrs. Clarke ibid. V. 392 The nods of Monarchs and the
dips of Queens.
e. A going down out of sight or below the horizon.
1864 Tennyson Zn, Ard. 244 Ev'n to the last dip of the
vanishing sail She watch’d it.
f. Naut. The position of being dipped or lowered
(of a sail: see Dip v. 6): in phr. at the dip.
1886 J. M. Cautreitp Seamanship Notes 6 The church
pendant is used at the dip at the mizen truck while working
cables. 1893 Marknam in Datly News 3 July 5/6, I directed
my flag lieutenant to keep the signal .. at the dip.
3 Depth or amount of submergence (e.g. of a
paddle-wheel) or depression; depth or distance
below a particular level; depth of a vessel, etc.
1793 SMEATON Edystone L. § 97 That ruler would mark
upon the upright rod, the dip of the point on which it stood,
below the level of the instrument. 1874 Knicut Dict, Mech.,
Dif, the depth of submergence of the float of a paddle
wheel. 1880 Act 43-4 Vict. c. 24 § 17 Any attempt .. to de-
ceive him in taking the dip or gauge of any vessel.
8. Astron. and Surveying. The angular distance
of the visible horizon below the horizontal plane
through the observer's eye; the apparent depression
of the horizon due to the observer's elevation, which
has to be allowed for in taking the altitude of a
heavenly body.
1774 M. Mackenzie Maritime Surv. 1. 18 A Table of the
Depression, or Dip, of the Horizon of the Sea, 1820 Scoressy
Acc. Arctic Reg. 1. 444 The dip of the sea . . at 20 feet height
of the eye, the error would be 56 miles. 1828 J. H. Moore
Pract. Navig. (ed. 20) 154 The dip to be subtracted in the
fore observation, and to be added in the back observation.
Xu $ Beprorv Sailor's Pocket-bk. v. ‘ed. 2) 181 Measure
angle .. from maintop; add dip for that height.
4. The downward inclination of the magnetic
needle at any particular place; the angle which
| the direction of the needle makes with the horizon.
1727-51 Cuampers Cycl. s.v. Dipping-needle, The dip ..in
ie year, 1576 he found at London to be 71° 50’. But the
dip varies. 1820 Scoressy Acc. Arctic Keg. IL. zis The
intensity of the. magnetic force was the greatest where the
dip was the greatest, 1832 Vat, Philos., Magnetism iii. § 98.
24 (Useful Knowl. Soc.) The dip diminishes as we app’ h
the equator, and increases as we recede from it on either side.
| J. Wytpr in Circ. Se. 1. 245/2 At the present time,
the dip for London is about 67°. : vite
5. Downward slope of a surface ; esp. in A/ining
and Geol. the’ downward slope of a stratum or
vein: estimated, as to direction, by the point of
the compass towards which the line of greatest
slope tends, and as to magnitude, by its angle of
inclination to the horizon, ‘
1708 J. C. Compl. Collier (1845) 40 There is a Rise, or
Pret A a Colliery wool J, and so by C
the Contrary Way a Dip or Setling. ang Hooson
Miner’s Dict. Giij, The natural Dipp of a Vein is when it
runs it self more down into the Rock. 1789 Brann //ist.
Newcastle 11. 679 The strata. . have an inclination or descent,
called the dip, to some particular part of the horizon. 18
De La Becne Geol. Afan. (ed. 2) 545 The direction of faults
and mineral veins, and the dip of strata, are daily becoming
of greater importance. 7 A. H. Green Phys. Geol. 343
The line of dip is the line of greatest inclination that can be
drawn on the surface of a bed. 1891 S. C. Scrivener Fields
& Cities 10 The very sudden lowering of the water-line in
the river just around the gap, and the dip of the water
aickly and more quickly i nampasgs GJ gap.
6. A hollow or depression to which the surround-
ing “—_ ground dips or sinks.
1789 W. Gitein Hye 129 Woody hills which form beautiful
dips at their intersections. vont Bacerons italy 1.175 We
saw groves and villages in the dips of the hills. Gro.
Euiot Romola u. viii, The great dip of ground .. making a
gulf between her and the sombre calm of the mou 1S.
= H. M. Srantey Dark Cont. 1. xvi. “jt, ae main
umn arrived at the centre of the dip in the Uzimba ridge.
7. (Short for dip-candle.) A candle made by fe-
pated dipping a wick into melted tallow.
1815 W. H.
RELAND Seribbleomania 15 Paper .. brown
sugar to fold, Tea, soap..dip or choice mould. 1829
f. Div v.] $
Marrvat F. Mildmay viii, A $o—evhe. feathing
contin, alte Uavaio ive. Se 1. 93/2 Speen
candles are met with in ij
2 Kind of faxthing dip Unitiendly and eyes.
a
8. A preparation into which something is dipped,
as bronzing-dip, sheep-dip, etc. (cf. Dir v. 3).
1871 7 rans. a. & Agric. Soc, Scot. Ser. wv. V1. 269
Ihave WL i
Any other di seen, 1877 NV. inc. Gloss., Dif,
a uid in which are dipped to kill fags.
1883 R. Hatpane Workshop S's Ser. n. 244 The
made ney be cope’ ving in 1 gal. hot water
4 lb. each perc of iron and perch! of ea
1885 Daily News 15 Feb. 5/6 Before the arrival of the
convoy there the carbolic acid was Sheep dip
had to be substituted. :
9. A sweet sauce for puddings, etc. (local Eng.
and U.S.)
F Voc. E. Anglia, Dip, for d i
cates one Vos tapi Di ones eee
Cheshire Gloss., Dip, sweet sauce eaten with pee i If
flavoured with brandy it is called Brandy-dip.
10. 7hieves’ slang. A pickpocket ; also pocket?
picking. (Cf. Dir te sp
in Matsert Vocab. 26 (Farmer). 1888 St. Louis
Globe Democrat(¥armer Amer.), A dip.touched the Canadian
sheriff for his watch and massive chain while he was reading
the Riot Act.
11. Comb. [In some cases it is the verb-stem
rather than the sb.]: dip-bucket, a bucket con-
trived to turn easily and dip into water; dip-
candle, a candle made by repeatedly dipping a
wick in melted tallow, a dipped candle; dip-
circle, a dipping-needle having a vertical graduated
circle for measuring the amount of the dip; dip-
head, a heading driven to the dip in a coal-mine
in which the beds have a steep inclination ; whence
dip-head level; Aip-needle = DirPING-NEEDLE; _
dip-net, a small net with a long handle, used to
catch fish by dipping it in the water ; dip-pipe, a
valve in the hydraulic main of gas-works, etc., ar-
ranged to dip into water or tar, or other liquid, and
form a seal ; a seal-pipe ; dip-rod, a rod on which
candle-wicks are hung to be dipped ; dip-section,
a section showing the dip of the strata; dip-sector,
a reflecting instrument on the principle of the sex-
tant, used to ascertain the dip of the horizon: see
SEctor ; dip-side, the side on which the dip or
declivity is; dip-splint, a kind of friction match ;
dip-trap, a drain trap formed by a dip or de-
pression of the pipe in which water stands so as
to prevent the upward passage of sewer-gas ; dip-
well, a well whence water is got by dipping.
1829 Marryat #. Mildmay ii, On it stood mone candle-
stick, with a “dip-candle. 1864 Tuackeray D. Duvad vii.
(1869) 96 ‘The apprentice .. came up .. from the cellar with a
string of dip-candles. 1876 Davis Polaris Exp. ix. 218 One
of the snow houses was designed for the *dip-circle. 1881
Maxweit Electr. §& Magn. 11. 116 A new dip-circle, in
which the axis of the needle .. is slung on_ two filaments
of silk or spider’s thread, the ends of the filaments being
attached to the arms of a delicate balance. Ure
by the “dip-sector.
Crinnell Exp. ix. (1
sectors and i
+. 50 oaks Fy the workmen in driving the
North . Gloss., Dip-side, the low :
Parkes Pract, Hygiene x. § 2. 5% The 0
“di and the_notorious yp B. Fowxer in
Proc. Geol. Assoc. X11. 364 This clay throws out two fine
ings, forming *dip-we Hammer v
par, obs. form of Drarer,
Di; te (daipauteit), a [f, Di-1, L. dés-
asunder + fartit-us divided, f. fartire to divide,
part. (The L. compound was déspertitus.)}_ Di-
vided into various parts. So Dipartited ///. a. ;
Diparti'tion, <livision, ing asunder,
1825 New Monthly Mag. X111. 61 Whose form is either
dipartited, or di in con; erated ificence. 1838
G. S. Fasex Hist. oe ix, 309 ee a} 4
But, if any; one shall not believe this dipartition, let him at-
tend to Scripture from the end to the commencement. 1885
Rusin Preterita 1. iii. 83 Upon which I found my claim
to the sensible reader's respect for these dipartite writings.
vschal, a. [f. Di-2 twice + Pascuar.]
Including two passovers.
ax840 L. Carrenrer cited in WorCcESTER.
Dip-bucket, -circle: see Dip sé. 11.
Dipchick, var. of Dascuick.
Dipe, obs. form of Derr. ap
Dip-ears (di'piivsz). Also dip-ear. [f. Dip 2.
+ Ear: ‘ from its graceful movements.’ Swainson. ]
A marine bird, the Little Tern, Sterna minula.
-
DIPETALOUS.
1883 Swatnson Prov. Names Brit. Birds 204 Little Tern
(Sterna minuta) .. Dip ears (Norfolk).
Dipetalous (dsipertales), a. ot. [f. mod.L.
dipetal-us (f. Gr. &- (Di-2) twice + mérad-ov
leaf, Pera.) + -ous.] Having two petals.
1707 SLOANE Yamtaica I, Pref., Those which are Mono-
petalous first, those Dipetalous next. 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex.
Diphanite (di-fanoit). An. [f. (1846) Gr.
d-, dis twice, doubly + -pav-ns showing, appearing
+ -ITE: ‘because it has quite a different aspect
according to the direction in which it is looked
at’.] A name given by Nordenskiéld to a mineral
now regarded as belonging to the species Mar-
GARITE,
Viewed from the side, its prisms are bluish, transparent,
and of vitreous lustre; looking down on the base, they are
white, opaque, and of nacreous lustre.
1850 Dana A/in. 292. 1868 /b7d. 507 Diphanite is from the
Emerald mines of the Ural, with chrysoberyl and phenacite.
Diphasic (doifézik), a [f. Gr. &- (Dr *)
twice + pdois appearance, phase + -1¢.] Char-
acterized by having two phases: sec. used of an
electric variation of which the period of duration is
divided into two stages, one positive and the other
negative.
188r Burpon SanpeErson in PAil, Trans. CLXXIII. 7
The diphasic character of the variation. .is due to the inter-
ference of the opposite electromotive actions of the upper
and under cells.
Dip-head: see Dir sf, 11.
Diphen- in chemical terms: see Di-? 2, PHEn-.
Diphenic (daiffnik), a. Chem. [f. Di-* +
Puente.) In diphenic acid (2C,Hy-CO-OH) ob-
tained by the oxidation of phenanthrene, one of the
constituents of coal-tar. Its salts are Diphenates.
1875 Watts Dict. Chem. VII. 434 Diphenic acid heated
with excess of quick lime, is converted, not into diphenyl,
‘but into diphenylene ketone.
Diphenol (daiffngl). Chem. [f.D1-2 + PHenon
(f. as next + -oLin adcohol).]
An aromatic alcohol having the composition
(C,H,OH), (that of PHEenou being C,H,OH).
It has isomeric modifications, crystallizing in col-
ourless rhombic crystals, and in shining needles.
er Fownes’ Chem. 11. 567 Dioxydiphenyl or Di-
phenol. ae :
meen yt (cxiferall), Chem. [f. Di-2 + PHEnyn,
F. phényle (f. paivew to show, bring to light +
vAn substance: see -YL.] An aromatic hydro-
carbon having the formula C,H C,H;,, or twice
that of the radical PHEnyt.
1873 Fownes' Chem. (ed. 11) 758. 1877 Watts ibid. (ed. 12)
II. 562 Diphenyl crystallizes from alcohol in iridescent
- nacreous scales, d
b. attrib. and Comd., as diphenyl group, diphenyl
ketone, diphenyl-methane, etc.
Diphe'nylami:ne,a crystalline substance having a pleasant
odour and weakly basic properties, prepared by the dry dis-
tillation of rosaniline blue, and used in the preparation of
various dye-stuffs ; hence diphenylamine blue=spirit blue.
1863-72 Watts Dict. Chen. 1V. 453 Diphenylamine heated
with chloride of benzoyl yields ee 1882
Athenzxum 25 Mar. 384/3 This colour is the chloride of a
base which the author has proved to be diphenyldiamido-
triphenylcarbinol. a) Manch. Exam. 6 Oct. 4/5 The pro-
cess of facture. .o henyl phtol, resorcine, or
alizarine dyes.
Dipho'sphate. Chem.
PHATE,
1826 Henry Elem. Chem. 1, 121 There is also..a di-
sesigee Bega of x atom of phosphoric acid and 2
atoms of the protoxide. c 1865 G. Gore in Circ. Sc. 1. 220/2
Pyrophosphate of soda is easily formed by heating to red-
ness the common diphosphate of soda.
Diphrela-tic, a. nonce-wd. [f. Gr. duppnddar-ns
charioteer + -1¢.] Relating to the driving of a
chariot, chariot-driving. (Azmorous or affected.)
1849 De Quincey Eng. Mail Coach Wks. 1V. 327 Under
this eminent man, whom in Greek I cognominated Cyclops
diphrélates .. I : studied the diphrelatic art. >
Diphtheria (difpieria). Park. [ad. F. diph-
thérie, substituted by Bretonneau for his earlier
term diphtherite : see DIPHTHERITIS.]
An acute and highly infectious disease, character-
ized by inflammation of a mucous surface, and by
an exudation therefrom which results in the forma-
tion of a firm pellicle or false membrane. Its chief
seat is the mucous membrane of the throat and air
passages, but other mucous surfaces are at times
attacked, as are also wounds or abrasions of the
skin.
1857 Goprrey in Lancet Nov. 542 Report on Cases of
Diphtheria or malignant sore throat. 1858 Chron. in Ann,
Reg. 1 A disease of a new name has been recognised.
From having first been noticed at Boulogne it was called
the Boulogne sore throat ; it has now received the medical
name of Diphtheria. 1858 Sat. Rev. VI. 11/2 To save us
from cholera, typhus, and diphtheria. 1860 New Syd. Soc.
Year-bk. 151 Ranking publishes a lecture on diphtheria,
in which he describes the disease as one wholly new to
this country. 1884 Sir L. Prayrair Sf. iz Pari. 18 Mar.,
Diphtheria .. when first imported from France in 1855, we
used to call the Boulogne sore throat.
attrib, 1881 Daily News 14 Sept. 5/4 The Russian
journals publish some terrible details of the diphtheria
epidemic in Russia, 1892 Daily News 21 Mar. 6/2 The
See Dr-2 2 and Pros-
>
383
diphtheria handbill which the sanitary authorities have
published. 1895 Brit. Med. Frnt. 30 Mar. 721 The girl's
throat was .. found to contain the diphtheria bacillus.
Hence Diphthe‘rial, Diphthe'rian ad/s., of or
belonging to diphtheria.
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diphtherial.
Frui. 26 Aug. 487 A detailed report on ., the chemical
pathology of diphtheria, and on diphtherial palsy. 1884
Pall Mall G. 3 July 3/1 Sucking a tube to draw out the
‘diphtherian matter’ in his child’s throat, 1891 G. Mrre-
pith Oxe of our Cong. 1, xii. 228 The diphtherian whisper
the commonalty hear of the commonalty,
Diphtherie (-erik), a. [f. Dirwrnerra + -1¢.]
= DIPHTHERITIC.
185g Semp.e Alem. Diphtheria v. 177 The diphtheric
virus, 1860 New Syd. Soc. Vear-bk, 152 Diphtheric affec-
tion of the skin. 1887 J. C. Morison Service of Man (1889)
192 The surgeon who sucks diphtheric poison from a dying
child’s throat and dies himself in consequence.
|| Diphtherite (French): see DIPHTHERITIS.
Diphtheritic (difpéri-tik), a. [mod. f. Dirn-
THERITIS; in F. déphthéritique (Littré).] Of the
nature or character of diphtheria; belonging to or
connected with diphtheria.
1847-9 Topp Cycl. Anat. IV. 118 The deposits which
we include under the title Diphtheritic. 1850 Ramsay in
Dublin Med. Press Aug. 137 (title) Diphtheritic Inflamma-
tion of the Pharynx and Tonsils. 1884 R. Marryar in
19th Cent. May 845 A woman. .suffering from a diphtheritic
sore-throat. »
b. Affected with or suffering from diphtheria.
1880 Boston Frnl. Chem. Dec. 143 Dr. Day has often pre-
scribed for diphtheritic patients..a gargle composed of
.. salt dissolved in .. water.
Hence Diphtheri‘tically a/v., in the manner of
diphtheria.
1886 CressweLt in Santtarian (N. Y.) XVII. 202 Likeli-
hood of rendering them diphtheritically infectious.
Diphtheritis (difpéraitis). Lash. Also
||(Fr.) diphtherite. [mod. f. Gr. dp0épa or
bipOepis skin, hide, piece of leather + -17TIS; the
disease being so named on account of the tough
membrane developed upon the parts affected.
First used in 1821 in the French form diphthirite by
Bretonneau of Tours in a paper before the French Academy,
published 1826; the word was taken into English and
German medical literature, usually as diphtheritis, though
the Fr, form was occasional in the scanty English notices
of the disease before 1857. 855, Bretonneau in a new
1893 Brit. Aled.
In 1855,
memoir substituted the name @/phthérie, probably because
terms in -7¢e, -1TIS, are properly formed on names of the
part affected, as in dvenchitis, laryngitis; in Eng. this
was adapted as diphtheria, when ‘ Boulogne sore-throat’
became epidemic here in 1857-58; but the adj. ¢iphtheritic
was generally retained in preference to diphtheric used by
some, (Contributed by Dr. W. Sykes.)]
= DIPHTHERIA.
[1826 Bretonneau Traité de la Diphthérite(Hatz.-Darm.),
Qu’il me soit permis de désigner cette phlegmasie par la
dénomination de ‘diphthérite’, 1839-47 ‘Topp Cycd. Anat.
ILI. 116/1 Examples of croup... analogous to the diph-
therite of Bretonneau. 1860 New Syd. Soc. Vear-bk. 151
‘The great distinctive mark between diphtherite and croup.]
1826 Loud. Med. Rev. XXV1. 499 Review of Bretonneau
on Diphtherit's, 1840 A. ‘Tweepie Syst. Pract. Med. 1V.
48 This species of angina is characterized by the formation
of albuminous pellicles on the surface of the inflamed mem-
brane, whence it was named by M. Bretonneau of Tours
*Diphtheritis’, 1855 A. Smita in Dudlin Hosp. Gaz. I.
149 Diphtheritis successfully treated by chlorate of potash.
1858 Sat. Rev. VI. 2/1 Diphtheritis has become a name
more terrible than the small-pox. 1859 C. West D/s.
Infancy & Childhood (ed. 4) xxv. 381 This other disease,
Angina Maligna, Diphtheritis, or more correctly Diphtheria,
is no new malady, : ‘
Diphtheroid (di‘fpéroid), a. [f. as prec. +
-om.] Of the form or appearance of diphtheria.
1861 Bumsteap Vex. Dis. (1879) 450 Diphtheroid (chancre]
of the glans. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Diphtheroid, like a
tanned skin, or like Diphtheria, or a diphtheritic product.
Ibid,, Diphtheroid ulceration.
Diphthong (difpen), sd. Forms: 5-6 dip-
tong(e, (dypton), 6 dyphtong, diphthonge,
-gue, 7-9 dipthong, 8 dipthongue, 6- diph-
thong. [a. F. diphthongue, earlier dyptongue, ad,
L. diphthong-us, a. Gr. dipOoyyos, adj. having two
sounds, sb. a diphthong, f. &:-, dis twice, doubly
+ pOdyyos voice, sound.]
A union of two vowels pronounced in one syllable ;
the combination of a sonantal with a consonantal
| vowel.
The latter is usually one of the two vowels 7 and z, the
extremes of the vowel scale, which pass into the consonants
y, w. When these sounds, called by Melville Bell gies,
follow the sonantal vowel, the combination is called a
‘falling diphthong’, as in out, how, boil, boy; when they
precede, the combination is a ‘rising diphthong’, as in It.
nuove, Piano. It is common in the latter case to consider
the first element as the consonant zu or I
1483 Cath. Ang. 100/2 A Diptonge [47S, A. Dypton],
diptongus. 1530 PatsGcr. 213/2 Diphthonge, diphthongue
@1637 B. Jonson Exg. Gram. vy, Dipthongs are the com-
plexions, or couplings of Vowells, 1668 Witkins Real
Char. 15 Tand « ee to our English pronunciation
of them, are not properly Vowels, but STiptithiongss 1749
Power Pros. Numbers 9 All Dipthongs are naturally long.
But in English Numbers they are often short. 1876 C. B
Mason Eng. Gram. (ed. 21) §17 When two vowel sounds
are uttered whout a break between them, we get what is
called a vocal or sonant diphthong. 1888 J. Wricut O. 7,
German Prim. $10 Allthe OHG, diphthongs.. were falling
diphthongs ; that is, the stress fell upon the first of the two
DIPHY-.
elements. 1892 Sweet New Eng. Gram. 230 If two vowels
are uttered with one impulse of stress, so as to form a
single syllable, the combination is called a diphthong, such
as (oi) in 072.
b. Often applied to a combination of two vowel
characters, more correctly called Dicrapu.
When the two letters represent a simple sound, as ea, ov,
in head \hed\, souf (sip), they have been termed an improper
diphthong : properly speaking these are smonophthongs
written by digraphs.
1530 Patscr. 15 This diphthong ow .. in the frenche tong
shalbe sounded lyke as the Italians sounde this vowell 7,
¢ 1620 A, Hume rit. Tongue (1865) 10 We have of this thre
diphthonges, tuae with a befoer, ae and ai, and ane with
the e befoer, ea, 1668 Price in A, J. Ellis A. 2. Pronune.
1. ili, (Chaucer Soc.) 125 ‘Vhat is an improper dipthong that
loseth the sound of one vowel. ‘There are eight improper
dipthongs, ea ee ze eo, ea 00 ui, ou obscure as in cousin.
1876 C. P. Mason /eng. Gram. (ed. 21) § 17 When two of
the letters called vowels are written together to represent
either a sonant diphthong or a simple vowel sound, we
get a written diphthong or digraph. /4/d. § 25 The same
letter or diphthong often represents very different vowel
sounds,
ec. esp. In popular use, applied to the ligatures
wv, @ of the Roman alphabet.
As prenounced in later L., and in modern use, these are
no longer diphthongs, but monophthongs; the OE. liga-
tures @ and @ always represented monophthongs.
1587 Harrison Avgland . xix. (1877) 1. 312 Waldane with
adiphthong. 1631 Wreever Aac, 4x. Mon. Vo Rar. A ij,
I write the Latine.. as I find it ../ vocall for # diph-
thong, diphthongs being but lately come into use. 1702
Appison Dial. A/edals (1727) 20 We find that Felix is
never written with an c: dipthongue. 1756-7 tr. Aeys/er's
Trav. (1760) III, 222 The epitaph, in which the dipthong
#, according to the custom of those times, is expressed by a
single e.. Vitam obtit VII Id. Oct. etatis sue ann. I. & L.
d. ¢ransf. Applied to a combination of two con-
sonants in one syllable (consonantal diphthong),
especially to such intimate unions as those of ch
(tf) and de or 7 (dz), in chatrch, judge.
1862 M. Hopkins //awari 65 The Hawaiian alphabet ..
is .. destitute of consonant diphthongs, 1889 Pitman Man,
Phonogr. (new ed.) § 64 ‘The simple articulations £, 4, ¢, «,
etc. are often closely united with the liquids 27 and 7, form-
ing a kind of consonant diphthong .. as in plough .. try.
e@. altitb, = DIPHTHONGAL,
1798 H. Brair Lect. I. ix (R.), We abound more in vowel
and diphthong sounds, than_most languages.
Di‘phthong, v. [f. prec. sb.: cf. mod.F,
diphthonguer.| trans. To sound as a diphthong ;
to make intoadiphthong.
1846 Worcester cites Chr, Observ. 1888 Sweet Eng.
Sounds 21 Isolative diphthonging or ‘ vowel-cleaving’
mainly affects long vowels. /é7d. 277 The characteristic
feature of the [living English] vowel-system is its diph-
thonging of all the earlier long monophthongs. 1894 F. J.
Curtis Rimes of Chariodus 50 Arguments for the diph-
thonging of Z in early texts.
Diphthongal (dif}eygal’, a. [f. DieurHona
sb. + -AL.] Of or bélonging to a diphthong; of
the nature of a diphthong.
1748 Phil, Trans. XLV. 403 That 7 vocal Notes or Vowels
. Struck, as one may say, in diphthongal or triphthongal
Chords with each other, may well enough account for the
Sounds of our Language. 1806 M. Smarr in AMonth/y
Mag. XX1. 14 So easily does x slide into vowel or dip-
thongal sounds, 1867 A. J. Exuis 2. 2. Pronunc.t, iii. 116
3en Jonson .. entirely ignores the diphthongal character
of long 7 1888 Sweet Lug. Sounds 248 A diphthongal
pronunciation of the .. words,
Hence Diphthongally @/v.
1846 WorcesTER cites Wyte. A/od, The question whether
long ¢ was already pronounced diphthongally in 1500.
Diphthonga‘tion. vae-°. [f. DirntHona
v.: see -ATION. Cf. mod.F. diphthongaison.] =
DIPHTHONGIZATION, In mod, Dicts
Diphthongic (difpeygik), a. [f. Gr. dipOoyy-
ov DIPHTHONG sd, + -IC.] = DIPHTHONGAL.
1880 Sweer in President's Addr. Philol. Soc. 41 The
treatment of the diphthongic vowel, 1886 — in Academy
24 Apr. 295/3 ‘The older true diphthongic pronunciation of
[Latin] ae and oe nearly as in English dy and doy.
Diphthongiz e (difppngaiz), v. [ad. Gr. dup-
doyyi¢-ev to spell with a diphthong : see -1zE.]
1. ¢vans. To turn into a diphthong.
1868 G. Steruens Runic Mon. 1. 52 All sorts of broaden-
ings and thinnings of vowels, diphthongizings [etc.], 1874
Sweet Eng. Sounds 56, i and uu being diphthongized.
1877-9 Trans. Philol. Soc. 453 In German, original long
2 was already diphthongized when the orthography began to
settle down into its present form,
2. intr. To form a diphthong.
1867 A. J. Exxis £. Engl, Pronunce. 1. iii. 196 This second
(2) may diphthongise with any preceding vowel. _
Hence Di:phthongiza‘tion, the changing of a
simple vowel into a diphthong.
1874 Sweet Exg. Sounds 70 The most prominent feature
of our present English is its tendency to diphthongization.
Diphthongous (difpeyges), a. rare. [f. as
DipHtHone + -ous.] Of the nature ofa diphthong;
diphthongal,
in Rana Museum 11.116 Mere modulations of the
vowels, or at most different diphthongous combinations.
Diphy-, ad. Gr. dpv- from diupv-ys, of double
nature or form, double, bipartite ; a frequent forma-
tive of modern scientific words: as Di‘phycere
Ichth. [Gr. xépx-os tail], a diphycercal fish.
Diphycercal (difisd‘1kal) @., having the tail
°
DIPHYLLOUS.
divided into two equal halves by the caudal spine.
Di‘phycerey, diphycercal condition.
Zool., a» member of the Diphyide, a family of
Di-phyid —
Hydrozoa, having a pair of swimming-bells oppo- |
site each other on the upper part of the stem.
Di-phyodont a. (Gr. d5ov7- tooth}, having two dis-
tinct sets of teeth; consisting (as teeth) of two sets:
as in the deciduous and permanent teeth of mam-
mals; as sh. a diphyodont mammal. Diphy-
zo’oid, diphyo- Zoo/., a free-swimming organism
consisting of a group of zooids detached from a
colony of Hydrozoa of the order Siphonophora.
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., *Diphycerc, a fish with the form of
tail called Diphycercal. 1870 Roteston Anim. Life
Introd. 7o A true “diphycercal tail is finally produced in
the Acanthopteri. 871 Huxiey Anat, Vert, Anim. i. 16
The extremity of the spine divides the caudal fin-rays into
two nearly equal moieties, an upper and a lower, and the
fish is said to be diphycercal. 1884 Sepawick tr, Claus’
Zool. 1. 250 These groups of individuals may in some
*diphyids become free and assume a separate existence as
Eudoxia, 1854 Owen in Circ. Sc.
*diphyodonts ., generate two sets of teeth, Jdid., The
diphyodont mammalia, 1883 FLower in Glasgow li ‘eekly
Her. 14 July 8/1 Teeth .. of the simple homodont and
diphyodont type. 1861 J. R. Greene Man, Anim. Kingd.,
Calent, 1co ‘The same naturalist (H uxley) has proposed the
distinctive term of ‘*Diphyozodids’ for those singular de-
tached pope portions of adult Calycophoride which
received the name of ‘monogastric Diphyde’. 1877 Huxtry
Anat. Inv. Anim. iii. § 3. 145 As they attain their full de-
velopment, each set becomes detached, as a free-swimming
complex Diphyzooid. In this condition’ they grow and alter
their form and size so much that they were formerly regarded
as distinct genera.
Diphyllous (deifilos), a. Zot. [f. mod L,
diphyll-us $. Gr. &-, (D1-2) twice + pvaAd-ov leaf)
+-0U8.] Having two leaves (or sepals).
1788 Jas. Lee /utrod. Bot, 1. xi. (ed. 4) 25 The Calyx ..
In respect to its Parts it is... Diphyllous, of two [leaves] as in
fumaria. 1819 Pantologia, Diphyllous, in botany, a two-
leaved calyx : as in papaver and fumaria.
Diphyo-: see Dirny-.
Diphysite (dirfisait), sd. (a.) Theol. [f. Gr.
&-, dis twice, doubly + pdors nature + -1TE.] One
who held the doctrine (Ditphysiti:sm), of two
distinct natures in Christ, a divine and a human,
as opposed to the monophysite doctrine: see Dyo-
PHYSITE,
Diplanetic (daiplaine: tik), a. Bot. [mod. f. Gr.
&- Di- = twice + rAavnrix-ds ‘disposed to wander,
f. mAavnrés wandering (see PLANET).] Having
two active periods separated by a period of rest :
said of the zoospores of certain Fungi of the family
Saprolegniexw. So Diplanetism, the condition or
property of being diplanetic.
1888 M. M. Hartoc in Annals of Bot. 203 note, The ‘first
form’ of zoospore .. is ovoid with a pair of flagella from
the front .. The ‘second form’ is uniform with an anterior
and posterior flagellum diverging from the hilum. ‘The
existence of these two forms constitutes the phenomenon
of diplanetism.
+ Dip lanti* dian, a. Obs. : Gr. 8idd-0s
double: + dv7i against, opposite + e/60s form, image
+-IAN.] Applied to a form of telescope proposed
by Jeaurat in 1778, giving two images, one direct
and the other reversed, the coincidence of which
might be used to determine transits.
1807 I. Youne Lect. Nat. Phil. & Mech, Arts V1. 351.
us (dipla-tpras), a. Zool. [f. Gr.
Semdo-os chews Hg + Gp9p-oy joint + -ous.] Having
the carpal or tarsal bones doubly articulated, i.e.
the several bones of one row alternating with those
of the other, as in ungulate mammals: opp. to
taxcopodous. So Dipla'rthrism, the condition of
being diplarthrons.
887 E. D. Core in Amer, Nat, XXI. 987 All ungulates
in passing from the taxeopodous to the diplarthrous stages,
phones g the Preeon me Ibid. 988 The advance of
diplarthrism is in direct ratio to the adyance of digiti-
gradism, for the greater the wee th of the foot, the greater
is the elasticity of the leg, and the greater is the torsion,
Diplasic (diple-zik, doi-), a. Pros. [f.Gr. bmad-
ows F wolold, double, f. &-, dis twice + -mAaatos
-fold.] Double, twofold ; having the ct 04 ear of
two to one, as in diplasic phn, Raa r. detAagiov
Adyos.
a J. Haptey Zs, 98 They may have a ratio of two to
one~a diplasic age Se as the ancients called it—as in the
trochee, lbid., T’ ratio Ss to our c
time,
Dipla‘tinamine, Chem.: see Di-2 2 and
+ PLATINAMINE,
Diplo (dipl7). [Gr. SrA, fem. of dumdrods
double (sc. ypappy stroke, hee ty A marginal
mark of this form >, used by the ancient gram-
marians to indicate various r ings, rejected verses,
beginning of a new paragraph, ete.
Biount Glossogr., Difle, a note or mark in the
Dig to signifie that there i is what to be
oa (doiplidgia). Path, [mod.L., f.
Gr Be is twice + mAnyy stroke.) Paralysis
affecting corresponding parts on both sides of ‘the
384
note : Hence Diplegic iieiple daha a, ming:
to di or to corres rts on both si
manleonn ee
Dipleidoscope (diploiddskomp). [f. Gr. —.
os double + ef50s form, image + -oxomos viewi
_ watcher.] An instrument consisting of a ho Io
_ triangular prism, with two sides silvered and one
| bid
(c 1865) II. 100/1 The |
of glass, used for determining the meridian transit
of a heavenly body by the coincidence of the two
images formed by single and double reflexion.
3 E. J. Dent (¢it/e), A Description of the Dipleidoscope.
(1867) 14 The criterion for determining the position of
the Dipleidoscope is, that the two images must coincide,
or ay ras one, when the chronometer shows, according
to the equation table for 1868, rrh. 49m. 12.15. 185%
Offic. Catal. Exhib.1. 414. F. J. Brrrren Watch
Clockm. 88 The advantages of the dipleidose over the
ordinary forms of sun dials are: the passage of the sun over
the meridian is indicated with greater exactness, and the
reflections may be discerned in weather too cloudy to see
any shadow on the sun dial.
|| Dipleura (daipliira), sd. 7. Morphol. [mod.
L., fener pl. of dipleur-us, f. Gr. &-, Bis twice
+ mAeupd side (of the body).] Organic forms with
bilateral symmetry having a single pair of antimeres
or corresponding opposite parts. Hence Dipleural
a., zygopleural with only two antimeres. Dipleu’-
ric a., having right and left sides ; exhibiting bi-
lateral symmetry.
1883 P. Geppes in Encycl. Brit. XVI. 844/2 The Zygo-
pleura include forms bilaterally symmetrical in the strictest
sense, in which not more than two radial planes, and these
at right angles to each other, are present. Haeckel again
divides these, according to the number of antimeres, into
Tetraplenra and Dipleura, TIbid., The term bilateral .
must be rigidly restricted. .to the Centropipeda if not indeed
to dipleural forms.
Dipleurobranchiate (daipliie ro;breenki't,
a. Zool. [f. mod.L. Difleurobranchia (f. Gr. &-
twice + mAeupa side + Bpayxia gills) + -aTE?.] Hay-
ing the characters of the Dipleurobranchia or In-
Jerobranchiata, nudibranchiate gastropods having
foliaceous branchiz situated in a fold on each side
of Aad shell-less body.
Diplex (dsipleks), a. [An arbitrary alteration
of duplex after Di-* twice (Preece).] Zelegr.
Chereterined by the passing of two messages
simultaneously in the same direction.
‘ Now (1895) properly restricted to the system whereby the
transmission of one message is effected by means of achange
in strength of current only, irrespective of direction, and
that of the other by change of direction of the currents |
—— reference to their strength’ (W. H. Preece).
W. H. Preece in Post Office Official Techn. instruct,
Dip lex telegraphy consists in sending two messages in the
same direction at the same time. 1879 G. Prescotr SP.
Telephone 346 Two messages may be sent over a single wire
in the same or in opposite directions, and when we do not
care to particularize cither, we simply allude to them under
the more common generic name of duplex transmission,
which includes both. When, however, we wish to speak of
either method by itself, we use the term diplex for simul-
taneous transmission in the same direction, and contraplex
for that in opposite directions,
Diplo- (di-plo’, before a vowel dipl-, combining
form of Gr. Siwdd-o8, derAovs twofold, double, oc-
casional in ancient Greek, now used in many scien-
tific terms; e.g. Diplobacte'ria 5). 7/., bacteria
consisting of two cells, or adhering in pairs, Di-
plobla'stic a. /7o/., having two germinal layers,
the hypoblast and epiblast. Diploca'rdiac a. Zool,
having the heart double, i.e. with the right and left
| halves completely separate, as birds and mammals.
Diploce‘phaly, monstrosity consisting in havin,
two heads. || Diploco’ceus /io/., a cell formec 4
by conjugation of two cells, Diploco’nical a., of
the form ofa double cone, Di*plodal a. Zool. | Gr.
65-6s way + -AL], of sponges, having both canals,
prosodal (of entrance) and aphodal (of exit) well
developed. Di‘plodoxy once-wd. (see quot.).
Diplogangliate a., having ganglia arranged in
pairs; said of a division of animals es Ro nal
gliata) nearly e cag to Cuvier’s Articu
Diploge’nesis, t e production of double organs
or parts instead of single ones; the formation of
a double monster ; hence Diplogene'tic a.; Diplo-
genic a., ‘producing two substances; partaking
of the nature of two bodies’ (Craig 1847). Di‘plo-
graph (sce quot.) ; so Diplogra‘phical a., of or
pertaining to writing double; also Diplo'graphy.
Diplonen:ral a, Anat., supplied by two nerves of
—_ origin, asamuscle; Diploneuro'sea. Zool.,
belonging to the Diploneura (Grant's term for the
Articulata, as having a double nerve-cord running
along the body); Diplonew'rous a., ‘having two
ee systems; also, belonging to the Léf/o-
* (Syd. Soe. Lex). - Diploperi‘stomous a,
Bot, of mosses, having a double peristome, or fringe
round the mouth of the capsule, Diplopla‘cula
Embryol. a PLAacuLa composed of two layers re-
tai from transverse fission; hence Diplopla’-
DIPLOHEDRON.
cular, Diplopla:
Zool., belonging to the order Diplopoda (= Chei-
lognatha) of Myriapods, having two pairs of limbs
on each segment whine dice etree
order; hence Diplopodous a. Diplo-pterous
Entom., belonging to the famil Diploptera (the
true wasps) in Latreille’s classification of insects,
which have the fore wings folded when at rest.
Diplosphe'nal @., Di‘plosphene, Avza/.= Hypo-
SPHENAL, HYPOSPHENE. a. Zool.,
said of a vertebral segment having two centra, or
of a vertebral column having twice as many centra
as arches, as in fishes and batrachians; hence
Diplospo’ndylism, the condition of being diplo-
spondylic, Diplo’stichous a., arranged in two
rows, as the eyes of certain spiders. Diplosy-n-
theme = DISYNTHEME.
1888 F. P. Bi-tincs in Amer. Nat. XXII. 123 We may
find two apparently mature organisms enclosed in a
common capsule .. diplo-bacteria may assume a
curved or sausage shape. 67 C. A. Harris Dict.
OS oO nage ed ag
. oc. Lex. 2
in Teratology on candice ot foetus having tte heads on
one bod Macatister tr. Ziegler's Pathol. Anat. .
§ 185 asia Re pe enclosed in a cylindrical sheath are
— ascococci; coupled spherules are di i; chains
lets of ph tase faci eeenew ay “an in ie Leo =cng
ie ‘(Ballot describes d
1887 W. J. Sottas in Encycl. ‘Brit. XXIL 4us/t This,
which from the marked presence of both and
aphodal canals may be termed the dip/odal type of the
RKhagon canal system, occurs but rarely. 1851 /raser’s
Mag. XLII. 289 An orthodoxy with cm tails—or a diplo-
— coin a word—which affirms the co-existence of
pairs
gang iata.
is more or less dunia. ie Catal, Sei. “oP.
2052 Diplograph. Writing machine for the lind, Se which
writing in relief and ordinary writing are performed at the
same time. 1 C. Wren Parentalia 212 He [Wren] in-
vented the art of double writing. . by an instrument called the
Diplographical Instrument, Grand Mag. of Mi
Nov., In 1647, about three years before Mr. Wren ar y
oduced his crac instruments. 1824 Mech.
0. 60. 59 Diplogray 1836-9 Topp Cyc/. Anat. II. Py
Belonging to the poo Mili . divisions the animal
kingdom. 1870 Bextiey Bot. 369, With two rows, they are
diploperistomous, 1884 A. Hyatt in Proc. Boston Soc. Wat.
Hist. XXIL1. 89 In this way the primitive differentiation
of the placula into two layers is established in what we have
designated the diploplacula. W xaos Diplopod
(Zool.), one of a group of myri:
Inst. Rep., Zool. (Cent. Dict. , One of the myrio-
pods, 1884 O. C. Marsu Amer. Jurassic Dinosaurs in
Amer. Frnl. Se. CXXVIT. 334 In Ceratosaurus. - These
vertebra show the di artic seen in Me-
——— 1888 Roiteston & Jacson Anim, Life 525
‘he lateral eyes in Scorpionide and all the eyes of Limulus
are monostichous ; the central eyes of the former group and
other Arachnids, so far as known, diplostichous.
I Diploe (di‘ploz). [mod.L., a. Gr. durddy
doubling, fold, overlapping of the bones of the
skull (Hippocrates), f, derAdos double.]
1. Anat, The light
tissue lying between the hard dense inner and outer
layers of the bones of the skull. Trans gi am
in Pures (ed. 1699 . ey S vans, ul 599 oe
Bien v Vessels of the "Bisme might
dental blow. 1741 Monro Anat Bones
of the Cranium are composed of two (ot ye he Bone
intermediate
Diploe. rae Goocn feet Sabana, 1, ,
ofthe skull, there is naturally little and in old
subjects, scarce any remains. T. Bryant . Surg.
I. 197 An acute in! mation of the diploé of the skull,
2.- Bot. == DIACHYMA,
1866 Treas. Bot., Diploe, that
of the parenchyme of
a leaf which intervenes between the two eins Tie ae
Bower & Scott De Bary's Phaner. 406
p nian ot teehee eee left Secteahe duced
vescalar bundles, is mainly oceupied by parenchyma, which
is ener called a leafparenchyma or in the — case of
h or Di
Mesophyil sonnel to De Candol
Hence Diploe’tic a., bad form for DrpLorc.
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex. Diploetic, of, or belonging to, the
plohedron (diplohidryn). bla % oa re
+ Gr. €5pa seat, base; cf. fv ;
form contained by Bey in ‘eapescital plans ‘s
gf eee rh oe Tne lara
‘ot SS. QUT “S
ee ere Cen eek ie a
Nisin tary, 6 he me to
ron
idea of the form feces ae a
or broken-faced pent ’
diplohed: met on of pyrites, and occur
Paral aces, om
Gunny, C; cpa Bw
in which cach nora otal bees
‘culate a. Di‘plopod a. and si. _
DIPLOIC.
Diploic (dipleik), a. Anat. [f. Drpuox +-10.]
Belonging to the diploe.
1855 Hoipen Hum. Osteol. (2878) 118 We may speak
of the frontal, temporal, and occipital diploic veins. "
Digions (diploid). Crystal. [f. Gr. d:dd-os
double + ¢fS0s form.] A solid belonging to the
isometric system, contained within twenty-four tra-
pezoidal planes ; = DIPLOHEDRON.
|| Diploidion (diploi-dign). Gr. Antig. [Gr.
SimAotdiov dim. of dirAofs: see next.] A form of
the chiton or tunic worn by women, having the part
above the waist double with the outer fold hanging
loose, somewhat like a sleeveless mantle; some-
times applied to this outer fold itself.
1850 Lerrcu Miiller’s Anc. Art § 340. 405 It was twisted
across round the chest, and was there pinned together
it has often also a kind of cape in the manner of the
diploidion.
|| Diplois (diplojis). Gr. Antig. [Gr. d:dois
double cloak, f. d:mAd-os double.] = prec.
1887 B. V. Heap Hist, Numorum 177 A woman clothed
in a sleeveless talaric chiton with diplois.
eyronte (ditploait). Miz. [mod.f. Gr. derAd-
os (Dreto-) + -1TE.] A variety of Anorthite, also
called Latrobite. :
1825 Amer. ¥rnl. Sc. 1X. 330 Diploite of Breithaupt.
1832 SHerarp Min. 186 Diploite.
ploma (dipldu-ma),sé. Pl.-as, sometimes -ata.
[a. L. diploma a state letter of recommendation, an
- official document conferring some favour or privi-
lege, a. Gr. démAwya (-par-), (lit. a doubling), a
folded paper, a letter of recommendation, later a
letter of licence or privilege, f. 5:7Ad-ev to double,
to bend or fold double, f. é&:mAd-os double. Cf. F.
aiplome (Aubert 1728).
. A state paper, an official document ; a charter.
* In modern times, a general term for ancient imperial and
ecclesiastical acts and grants, public treaties, deeds of con-
veyance, letters, wills, and similar instruments, drawn up in
forms and marked with peculiarities varying with their
dates and countries’ (Zucycl. Brit. s.v.).
1645 Howe t Lef?t. (1650) II. 1. 19 The king of Spain..
was forced to publish a diploma wherein he dispens'd with
himself (as the Holland story hath it) from payment. 1684
Scanderbeg Rediv. vi. 150 To pass a Diploma constituting
his Lordship a Count of the Empire. 1845 S. AusTIN
Ranke's Hist. Ref. 1. 425 They carefully avoided consult-
ing the elector, and kept the diploma of his nomination to
themselves. 185: D. Witson Preh. Ann. (1863) IL. tv. i.
196 The curious diploma addressed to Eric. .respecting the
genealogy of William St. Clair. 1877 Excycl. Brit. VII.
254/1 Merovingian sovereigns authenticated their
diplomas by the addition of their signature.
b. An original document as a matter of historical
investigation or literary study; Z/. historical or
literary muniments.
{697 H. Wantey Let. to T. Smith in Lett. Eminent
Persons (1813) I. 80 My present design..is more relating
to the nature of Letters, than to the Diplomata or Charters
themselves.] 1845 De bd Suspiria Wks. 1890 XIII.
47 If in the vellum palimpsest, lying amongst the other
Reacieata of human archives or libraries, there is anything
fantastic. 1891 H. H. Howortu in Sfectator 12 Dec.
843/1. It [the Old Canon of Scripture] .. contained books
originally written in Hebrew, in so-called Chaldee, and in
Greek. .all of them treated as their most sacred diplomata
by the early Christians and the early Councils.
. A document granted by a competent authority
conferring some honour, privilege, or licence; esf.
that given by a university or college, testifying to
a degree taken by a person, and conferring upon
him the rights and privileges of such degree, as to
teach, practise medicine, or the like.
@ 1658 CLEVELAND Gex. Poems, etc. (1677) 153 You have
Ennobled me with your Testimony, and I shall keep your
Paper as the Diploma of my Honour. 1682 Grew Avat. of
Plants Pref. Aija, ‘The Printer, whose Name was to be
inserted therein, not having received his Diploma till that
time. 1702 C, Matuer Magn. Chr. 1. (1853) I. 26 This
university did present their President with a diploma for
a doctorate. 1703 Maunprett Yourn. Ferus. (1732) 110
This morning our Dipl a were p ed to us..to
ify we had visited all the holy places. 71x Lond. Gaz.
No. a8r2/4 Pretends to be a Physician, having a Diploma
to that : ect from the College of Doway. 1772 WESLEY
2
: ihe ., They .. presented me with the freedom of
*
f diploma ran thus. 1795 in Sir J. Sinclair
- r. (1831) II, 21 My sincere thanks .. for the diploma ..
admitting me a occiga honofary member of the d of
Be sc ann 1841 Borrow Zincali I. i. § 1. 15 The writ
of di
ploma or privilege of settling near the free and royal
towns. 1849 Lewis Authority in Matters Opin. ix. § 17.
39 The granting of diplomas by universities or other learned
dies pr on the sup t the public require
some assistance to their judgment in the choice of profes-
sional services, and that such an official scrutiny into the
qualifications of practitioners is a useful security against the
imposture or i Pp of mere pretenders to skill. 1863
Emerson Misc. Papers, H. D. Thoreau Wks. (Bohn) IIT.
393 No college ever offered him a diploma, or a professor's
chair.
b. attrib., as diploma picture (in chartered academies and
societies of art), one given to the society by a member on
his election ; in the case of the Royal Academy kept in the
Diploma Gallery.
186r THornsury Zurner (1862) I. 258 Turner’s diploma
picture was ‘Dolbadern’ .. full of the id solemnity of
evening. 1883 Pal/ Mail G. 10 Oct. 1/2 The least known
ne collection of art in London is certainly the Diploma
allery of thes Royal Academy,
OL. 5
385
4 3. The following medizval L. senses are also
given in dictionaries, but with no claim to English
use. @.=DipLor 1; b. A folded cloth; @. A
double vessel used in chemical operations.
1706 Puitiirs (ed. Kersey) (a and b’. 1823 Crane
Technol, Dict. (c), Thus, ‘ To boil in diploma’ is to put the
vessel..into a second vessel, to which the fire is applied.
1853 Sover Pantropheon 262 (c).
Hence Diplo-maless a., without a diploma.
1837 G. Witson Let. in Life (1860) II. 82 Diplomaless
oe 1873 H. Curwen Hist. Booksellers 61 A diplomaless
octor,
Diplo'ma, v. [f.prec.sb.] ¢rans. To furnish
with a diploma. Chiefly in ff/, a. Diplomaed
(partly from the sb.: cf. certificated).
183 Tretawny Adv. Younger Son 1. 238 Surgical know-
ledge, superior to many of the diploma’d butchers. 1843
Cartyte Past & Pr. tv. vii, Doggeries never so diplomaed,
bepuffed, gas-lighted, continue doggeries, and must take
the fate of such. 1869 W. R. Grec Lit, §& Social Fudge.
(ed. 2) 400 They have, as it were, been diploma-ed and
laureated to this effect, stamped with the Hall Mark.
Diplomacy (diplowmiasi). [a. F. diplomatie
(pronounced -cze), f. d7plomate, diplomatique, after
aristocrate, aristocratique, aristocratie: see DIPLO-
MATIC and -acy. So It. diplomazia, Sp. diplo-
macia, Ger. and Du. dzplomatie, all from Fr.]
I. 1. The management of international relations
by negotiation; the method by which these relations
are adjusted and managed by ambassadors and
envoys; the business or art of the diplomatist ;
skill or address in the conduct of international
intercourse and negotiations.
igi Burke Regic. Peace u. Wks. VIII. 243 note, He
did what he could to destroy the double diplomacy of
France. He had all the secret correspondence burnt. 1797
Jbid. 1. 348 The only excuse for all our mendicant diplo-
macy is .. that it has been founded on absolute necessity.
1809 W. Irvine Avickerb. iv. xi. (1849) 246 His first
thoughts were all for war, his sober second thoughts for
diplomacy. _ 1828 Wesster, Diplomacy .. the customs,
rules and privileges of embassadors, envoys and other re-
presentatives of princes and states at foreign courts;
forms of negotiation. 1855 Macautay //ist. Eng. 1V. 257
The business for which he was preeminently fitted was
diplomacy. 1862 ‘T. C. Gratran Beaten Paths Il. 223
Cardinal Richelieu seems to be. .considered the founder of
the present system of diplomacy properly so called .. I can
find no better signification for the word which typifies the
pursuit ., than’ double-dealing .. it is expressive of conceal-
ment, if not of duplicity. 1865 Lecky Natyon. (1878) II.
271 The appointment of consuls in the Syrian towns. .gave
the first great impulse to international diplomacy. 1877
Encycl. Brit. V11. 251/t Diplomacy is the art of conducting
the intercourse of nations with each other..It is singular
that a term of so much practical importance in politics and
history should be so recent in its adoption that it is not to
be found in Johnson’s dictionary. 1880 Srusss Med. §
Mod. Hist. x. (1886) 235 As diplomacy was in its beginnings,
so it lasted for a long time; the ambassador was the man
who was sent to lie abroad for the good of his country.
+2. The diplomatic body. [=F. diplomatie, ‘le
personnel des ambassades’ (Littré).] Ods.
1796 Burke Regic. Peace w. Wks. IX. 48 The diplomacy
.. Were quite awestruck with ‘the pomp, pride and circum-
stance’ of this majestick Senate. 1806 Soutney Lett. (1856)
I. 387 If there be no English diplomacy at Lisbon. .away go
my hopes in that quarter.
3. Skill or address in the management of rela-
tions of any kind; artful management in dealing
with others.
1848 W. H. Kerry tr. Z. Blanc’s Hist. Ten Y. 1. 339
The aristocracy were already. .acquiring control over public
affairs by the crafts of diplomacy. 1865 Livincstonr Zam-
best vi. 147 Masakasa felt eontdeat that he could get it
out of these hunters by his diplomacy. J/od. The lady
thought it better to attain her ends by diplomacy.
IL. 4. =Dreromatic sd. 3. rare.
ae J. Haptey Zss. vii. (1873) 130 These [forms of letters]
would probably give ground for a near guess to one expert
in Anglo-Saxon diplomacy.
Diplomat (diplomat). Also -ate. [a. F.
diplomate, a back-formation from dzplomatique,
ter aristocrate, aristocratigue.| One employed |
or skilled in diplomacy; a diplomatist.
1813 Sir R. Witson Diary I. 312 The diplomates will ..
have to rest on their arms until the bayonets have clashed.
1838 Lytron A/ice 96 He was the special favourite of the
female diplomats. 1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirl. III. 204
A parliamentary debater and diplomat in foreign service.
1885 Mazer Cottins Prettiest Woman v, She went every-
where as a dif/omate and a political spy.
Hence Diplo‘matess, a female diplomat.
1874 GREvILLE Mem. Geo. IV (1875) II. xix. 325 This
clever, intriguing, agreeable dip] 1890 A th.
1 Feb. 140/23 The Russian diplomatess of reality and the
Russian diplomatess of, say, M. Sardou, have very little in
common.
Diplomatal (diplawmatal), a. [f Gr. derAw-
par- DIpLoMA + -AL.] Of or pertaining to a
diploma.
1889 Microcosm (N. Y.) Oct., The diplomatal sheepskin.
Diplomate (di‘plome't), sd. [f. Drptoma sé. +
-ATE!,] One who holds a diploma,
ae. Med. Frni. 21 ag Sb The London students
and the diplomates of London Corporations.
+ Diplomate, v. Ods. [f. Drrnoma sd. +
-ATE3,] ¢vans. To invest with a degree, privilege,
or title by diploma.
DIPLOMATIC.
1660 Woop Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 334 The former..was
afterwards diplomated. 1683 /dic. ii . 56 Th. White,
chaplain to the lady Anne .. was diplomated D.D. 1738
Neat Hist. Purit, IV. 268 Within .. little more than six
months the Universities diplomated above one hundred and
fifty Doctors of Divinity.
[Diplomatial ; error in Dicts. for DipLomatt-
CAL.]
Diplomatic (diplomz'tik), a. and sé. Also 8-9
-ique, -ick. [ad. mod.L. aif/ématic-us (Mabillon,
1681, De re diplomativa’, f. Gr. bitrAwpar-: see
DrpeLoma and -ic. In senses 2, 3, a. F. diplomatique
(1788 in Hatz.-Darm.),
The transition from sense 1 to sense 3 appears to have
originated in the titles of the Codex Yuris Gentinm Diplo-
maticus of Leibnitz 1695, containing original texts of im-
portant public documents from the 11th to rsthc., and the
Corps universel diplomatigue du Droit des gens of Dumont,
historiographer to the Emperor, 1726, containing the original
texts of ‘ the treaties of Alliance, of Peace, and of Commerce,
from the Peace of Munster to 1709’. In these titles (as in
the Codex Diplomaticus Afvi Saxonici of Kemble), diplo-
maticus, diplomatique, had its original meaning (sense 1
below) as applying toa body or collection of original official
documents. But as the subject-matter of these particular
collections was ¢z¢terzationa/ relations, ‘ corps diplomatique’
appears to have been treated as equivalent to ‘corps du
droit des gens’, and diplomatique taken as ‘having to do
with international relations’. ‘he transition is shown in
sense 2, which refers to documents connected with inter-
- national relations, while in the fully developed sense 3 the
connexion with documents disappears. ‘This sense became
established in English at the time of the French Revolution,
and its French origin comes out emphatically in the writings
of Burke on French affairs.]
A. adj.
1. Of or pertaining to official or original docu-
ments, charters, or manuscripts ; textual.
Diplomatic copy, edition, an exact reproduction of an
original.
rir ‘I’. Mavox Hist. Exchequer p.ix, The diplomatick
or law word Charta was not received amongst the Anglo-
Saxons. 1780 Von Trou /celand 295 A diplomatic de-
scription was not so much required in that letter, as I had
directed my attention more to the contents of the book than
its external appearance. 1784 AstLE Origin & Progr. of
Writing Introd. 2 Diplomatic science, the knowledge of
which will enable us to form a proper judgement of the age
and authenticity of manuscripts, charters, records, and other
monuments of antiquity, 18rz W. Taytor in J/onthly Rev.
LXVII, 71 The historical part of this volume; to which a
diplomatic appendix of thirty-three several documents .,and
a copious index are attached. 1846 TReNcH J/irac. (1889)
267 ‘The last clause of the verse..has not the same amount
of diplomatic evidence against it. 1861 Scriv R [ntrod.
Crit. N. 7. iii. 376 Designated by Professor Ellicott ‘ para-
diplomatic evidence’ ..as distinguished from the ‘diplomatic’
testimony of codices, versions, etc. 1874 H. R, ReyNotps
Fohn Bapt. ii. 70 Vhere is..not a shadow of diplomatic
doubt thrown over the integrity of the third gospel.
2. Of the nature of official papers connected with
international relations.
1780 Hist. Europe in Ann, Reg. 18/1 These were followed,
at due intervals, and according to all the established rules
of form, by measured and regular discharge of the diplo-
matique artillery on all sides [i.e. manifestos and proclama-
tions by the French and Spanish governments].
3. Of, pertaining to, or concerned with the man-
agement of international relations ; of or belonging
todiplomacy. Dzplomatic body (¥. corps diplomat-
z?gue), the body of ambassadors, envoys, and officials
attached to the foreign legations at any seat of
government; diplomatic service, that branch of the
ublic service which is concerned with foreign
egations.
1787 Hist. Europe in Aun. Reg. 173 Employed there in
civil, diplomatique, and mercantile affairs. 1790 Burke
Fr. Rev, Wks. V. 32 Members of the diplomatick body. 179
- Th. Fr. Affairs Wks, VII. 63 The Prussian ministers in
foreign courts have talked the most democratic language ..
The whole corps diplomatique, with very few exceptions,
leans that way. 1796 — Kegic. Peace 1. Wks. VIII. 114
A pacification such as France (the diplomatick name of the
regicide power) would be willing to propose. 1813 N. Car-
LISLE Tofogr. Dict. Scot. 11. s.v. Preston Paus, Sir Robert
Murray Keith..well known for his diplomatique talents»
1815 WELLINGTON in Gurw. Desf. XII. 310 It would intro-
duce him into the diplomatic line. 1840 CartyLe Heroes
iii. (ed. 1858) 244 Petrarch and Boccaccio did diplomatic mes-
sages .. quite well. 1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. I. 246 He
had passed several years in diplomatic posts abroad. 1860
Mottey Nether?. (1868) I. i. £8 Diplomatic relations. . were
not entrusted to the Council. 1868 E. Epwarvs Kaleigh I.
xxv. 587 The English statesman..was not a match for the
Spaniard in diplomatic craft. 1877 Encycl. Brit. VIL. 251/2
The ancient world had its treaties and leagues, but no
systematic diplomatic relations. 1889 Yohku Bull 2 Mar.
149/2 The members of the Diplomatic Corps. .
4. Skilled in the art of diplomacy; showing ad-
dress in negotiations or intercourse of any kind.
1826 Disraewt Viv. Grey wv. iii, Treachery and cowardice,
doled out with diplomatic politesse. 1837 Hate /n His
Name x, Gabrielle’s busy, active, diplomatic managing of
the party. 1862 Maurice Mor. § Met. Philos. IV. viii. $6.
440 Cautious and reserved yet not diplomatic in his inter-
course with men. 1877 Encycl. Brit. VII. 251/ Conduct
which is wily and subtle, without being directly false or
fraudulent, is styled ‘ diplomatic’.
B. sd. 1. A diplomatic agent ; =DIPLOMATIST.
1791 Paine Rights of Man (ed. 4) 93 Dr. Franklin. .. was
not the diplomatic of a Court, but of Man. 1836 Marryat
Midsh. Easy U1. ix. 238 It would soon be all in his favour
when it was known that he was a diplomatic. ‘ot
DIPLOMATICAL.
2. The diplomatic art, diplomacy. Also in pl.
diplomatics, and + in L. form diflomatica (obs.).
= App. of fol Brissot’s Addr, Wks. VII.
Cam P
ii the di ick Si Papers in A
Reg. 198 ‘Truth hand Justice are ileal basis dg diplo-
matica. 1803 W. Taytor in Ann, Rev. 1. 356 Our ministers
are not great in diplomatics.
3. ‘ The science of diplomas, or of ancient writings,
literary and public documents, letters, decrees,
charters, codicils, etc., which has for its object to
decipher old writings, to ascertain their authenti-
city, their date, signatures, etc.’ (Webster, 1828).
Also in f/.
(268: Masitton (title), De Re Diplomatica.] 1803-19 A.
Rees Cycé. (L.), The science of diplomatics owes its origin
to a Jesuit of Antwerp named Papebroch. 1819 Pantologia
s.v., The ee Treatise on the Diplomatic by F.
Mabillon. 1838 J. G. Downe Eccé. Hist. iii. § 1. 125 It
was written..when Diplomatic. .did not exist as a science.
“ Jounston tr. Beckmann'’s Hist. Inv. (ed. 4) 1. 140 A seal
lue wax, not coloured blue merely on the outer surface,
great a rarity in the arts as in diplomatics.
. 412/t Medieval Latin palaeo-
would be as
1894 Oxf. Unv. Gaz. XXI1
graphy and diplomatic.
ee a. (sb.) [f. as prec. +-AL.]
adj. 1. =DiIPLomaTic a. 1.
= Von Trott Jceland 296 Its diplomatical descriptions
would have afforded no information.
2. =Drrtomatic a. 3.
1823 Byron ¥uan xin. xv, It chanced some diplomatical
relations Arising out of business, often brought Himself and
Juan .. Into close contact. 1882-3 ScHAFF Encycl. Relig.
Knowl. Il. 2096 Paul III .. employed him frequently in
diplomatical negotiations with Francis I and Chas. V.
B. sb. (rare.)
i eay diplomatic person ; a diplomatist.
1830 Gat Lawrie T. v1. iii. (1849) 262 He proved himself
a clever diplomatical.
2. /. Diplomatic arts or proceedings.
1833 Gatt in Fraser's Mag. VIII. 654, I had recourse to |
the usual diplomaticals of womankind.
ae loma‘tically, av. [f. prec. +-1y*.]
na diplomatic manner ; according to the rules
Pe ‘art of diplomacy; a artfully i in reference to inter-
course ; with clever management.
1836 E. Howarp R. Reefer |xii, My lord shook his head. .
diplomatically. 1837 Cartyte Fr. Kev. (1848) IL. v. ix.
294 Old Besenval epee d whispering to him. 1862
Suirtey Nuge Crit. ix. 417 Hitherto we had diplomatically
and passively resisted the Alliance. 1875 Mrs. RaNpoLru
W. Hyacinth 1, 123 She at once knew that her work must
be done diplomatically. -
2. In reference to, or in the matter of, diplomacy.
1877 Public Opinion 7 July 9 The policy of ‘the Hapsburg
Monarchy is..both diplomatically and militarily, absolutely
free and unfettered.
3. With reference to diplomatics (sense 3); so
far as concerns the evidence of original documents.
1885 Amer. Frnl. Philol. V1. 192 The indiction-number..
is diplomatically uncertain, and so of no independent value.
Diplomatician (diplaamati fan). rare. [f.
DipLoMatic: see -ICIAN.] = DipLoMATIST.
182r W. Taytor in Monthly Rev. XCIV. 499 With the
usual spiteful feeling of a French diplomatician.
Diplomatics : see Dirtomaric B 2, 3.
Diplo‘matism. rare—°. [f. as next + -18M.]
The practice of the diplomat ; DipLomacy.
1864 in WEBSTER.
Diplomatist (diplé:.miatist). [f Dirtomar
sb., ba stem of diplomat-ic, etc. + -IsT: cf. F. philo-
logue, Eng. philologist.| a. One engaged in official
diplomacy. b. One characterized by diplomatic
address ; a shrewd and crafty person.
1815 Mackintosn Sf. in Ho. Com. 27 Apr. Wks. 1846 III.
317 Long familiarity with the smooth and soft manners
diplomatists. 1826 Disraeu Viv. Grey ut i, a.
dropped the diplomatist altogether, and was explicit enou
for a Spartan, ag 4 Macautay Hist. ro . 246 Bi a
matists, as a class, have always been -— listinguish
their address .. than by generous enthusiasm or aan
gectitude. 1860 Frouve Hist. Eng. V. 219 So accomplished
a diplomatist as Paget could only despise the tricks which
he was ordered to practise.
(865) IL. vu. iv. 282 The
—* 1858 Cartyte Fredk. Gt.
lomatist pt ha of Berlin is ina
"Biplomatixe (dipla-matalz), e. [In I. £. Gr.
Phin og rp +-12@ ; in II, a new formation
from diplomat, -ic, -ist.]
I. 1. “vans. To invest with a diploma. Hence
Diplo'matized f//. a., diplomaed. rare.
1670 Lex Talionis 21 As able Physitians as any that
Practise, and better than many d:
II. 2. intr. To act or serve as a diplomat or
diplomatist ; to practise diplomacy; to use diplo-
matic arts; to act with address or astuteness.
1826 Disraeit Viv. Grey m. i, He diplomatised, in order
to gain time. 1837 Canna # r. Rev. (1848) IL. u. vi, 119
Brave Bouillé bs di = orp | in scheme within
scheme, 1850 7ait's VII. 285/1 He was too im-
reat to diplomation, ars Cmionh Rev. XXV. ~~
his ehildbend, as
3. trans. To treat in the manner of a diplomatiat,
- act Depationsy: towards. (rare.)
Fraser's Mag, LI. 239 His only chance .. was to
—we mean to
ema —his neighbours.
b. To do out of plomacy a address.
886
ate Lown Dimaret bie one Lae Fi Napoleon had not
ence Diplo'matizing vé/. sb. ~ 1. a.
ons, CartyLe eras re 106 No
of figh!
ie two for him. \sad Pall Mad? Ge July
2/t Th two Secareme were thinking of their own diplo-
"Diplo (diploumaty16dzi).
bimAwpar- DIPLoMA + -Aoya discourse: see
-LoGy.] The science of Diplomatic; the scien-
tific ne | of original documents.
1880 G. eagle in Nation (N. ¥ 3 XXX. 347 enrakeas
oun,
pat pce bes or church hi , or diplomat Aad
+Diplo-me. Oés. rare. [a. ¥. diplome, ad. i.
diploma.) _An official document “issued by au-
| thority; =DrpLoma 1.
| og Gate True Idea Fansenism 22 And thou hast vindi-
cat,
the truth and vigor of this Bull, by a new Diplome.
iio -neurose, etc.: see DIPLo-.
Diplopia (diplopia), Phys. ‘and Path, Also
: anglicized form diplopy. [mod.L., f. Gr. iAo-
Dip.o- double + -wmafromayeye: cf. AMBLYOPIA.]
An affection of the eyes, in which objects are seen
double. Hence Diplopic (diplg*pik) a., pertain-
ing to diplopia.
1811 Hooper Med. Dict., Pog nce
Diplopia, Diplopy. 1875 H oop Therap. (1879) 242
This dryness. .is associated with. dilated pupils, disordered
vision, and possibly diplopia. 1878 A, Hamitton Nerv. Dis.
228 Din lopia, amaurosis, and other visual troubles.
ploplacula, -pod, etc.: see DIPLo-.
Sintete nai (diplosti* modnas), a. Bot.
[f. DipLo- + Gr. ornpwy warp, thread, taken as =
orijpa stamen +-ous.] Having the stamens in two
series, or twice as many as the petals. So Diplo-
ste‘mony, the condition of being diplostemonous.
1866 Treas. Bot., Diplostemonous, having twice as many
stamens as petals, 1880 Gray Struct. Bot. vi. § 2. 177 note.
1888 Henstow Floral Struct, 188 If a flower have one
whorl of stamens of the same number as the petals it is
isostemonous; if two, diplostemonous. 1888 Atheneum
14 Jan. 54/3 Investigations..on the diplostemony of the
flowers of angiosperms.
I Diplotegia (diplotrdgia). Bot. Also -ium,
[f DieLo- + Gr. réyos roof, covering.] A dry
dehiscent fruit ble an adnate calyx.
1866 7reas. Bot., Diplotegia, an inferior capsule. 1870
Benttey Bot. 313 Dip otegia is the only kind of inferior
fruit which presents a dry dehiscent pericarp.
|| Diplozoon (diplozduyn). Pl. -z0a. Zool.
[f. Dipto- + Gr. (@ov animal.] A genus of trema-
tode worms, parasitic on the gills of fishes; the
1864 Wester,
[f. Gr.
mature organism is double, consisting of two indivi- |
duals (Diforpx) fused together in the form of an X.
1835 Kirsy Had. & Just. Anim. 1. 355 One [parasitic
worm] first discovered by Dr. Nordmann upon [the gills} of
the bream .. to which he has given the name of Diplozoon
or Double animal. 1859 ‘Topp Cycl. Anat. V. 32/1 This
animal corresponds .. with the half of the Diplozoon. 1888
Rotteston & Jackson Anim. Life 650 ‘The cones and
suckers fuse completely; in other respects, however, the two
Diporpz which make upa single Diplozoon are independent
of one another.
Dip-net: see Dir sé.
ange poem (dipni#monas), a. Zog/. [f.
mod.L. dipneumonus (f. Gr. b-, dis twice +
mvevpav lung) + -ous.] Having two lungs or re-
spiratory organs ; said of the Dipneumona or two-
lunged fishes, and of the Dipneumones or two-
lunged spiders; also of Holothurians having a pair
of respiratory organs,
Dipneustal (dipniz* stil), a. [mod. L Dip-
Bre. (f. Gr. &- twice + sreenis mveiv to breathe),
a name given by some to the dipnoan fishes + -aL.]
= DIPNOAN.
[1892 E. R. Lanxester tr. Hasckel's Hist, Creation Il.
290 the still living Dip a
simple single lun h ye
pear pry etn & ve a pair of lungs whereas Bra
ca oan (di‘pnojin), a. and sd. Zool. [f. mod,
épnoi (see DipNoovs) + -AN.]
at adj. Belonging to the Dipnoi, a sub-class or
order of fishes, = ving two nds of
organs, gills and lungs. B. sd. A fish belonging
to this order.
1883 Pee one 4 7 Apr. aa7/t P Prof. Huxley came to the
and di mired cadh rou poe mes em uivalent to
the oe Ler with the eranaicuienl
relations of aeur'd fishes. 1886 /did. 18 830/2 A paper
on the devel t..of the ovum in the dipnoan fishes.
Dipnoid (di-pnoid), a. and s6. Zool. {f wood.
pes i (see next) +-ID.] = Drpnoan.
mr > Day Fishes of India, 709 Whether the Ganoids
and T Dipnoide should be included with the Chondro, SAIN
1880 — Fishes Gt. Brit. Introd, 41 Among the Cano
the air-bladder has a lung-like function. . Among the
there is a div he Di le
Géuruee § in Enopek, Brit Xi. /t id re dentition ts tha is that
of a Dipnoid.
Dipnoous: (dixpno,s),@. Also erron. dipnous.
ff mod.L. dipno-us (in pl. Dipnot, an order of
ishes), a. Gr. dérvo-os with two breathing apertures,
f. &- twice + mvof breathing, breath.]
iratory |
| rotatory property wit
DIPPED.
lay Having both gills and lungs, as a dip-
noan fish.
388: Gixtner in £ ?, Brit. X11. 686/1 The relations
oe are aes the Gi and more to the
1 is impossible to
Dipnoous
whether neg hs WP pra referred to che Eictocapiaiies
or the Dipnoous type.
2. Fath. Of a wound: ‘Having two openings
for the entrance of air or other matters’ (Syd. Soc.
Lex. 1883).
1811 Hoorer Med. Dict., Di
which ae perforated quite ok as Ferret’ Bp og
ends.
Dipnosophist, obs. form of DEIPNOSoPHIST.
— Motcaster Positions xxxy. (1887) 129 All natural..
istes,
ipodie | dip dik), a. [f. Gr. d:m08- (see Dr-
PODY) + -Ic. f the nature of a dipody; charac- ;
terized by oe apa as ‘a dipodic measure’.
In recent Dicts.
Di-podous, a. _[f. Gr. d:m08- (see next) +-ous.]
‘ es two feet’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883).
(dipddi). Pros. [ad. L. difodia (also
in 4 use), a, Gr. dirodia two-footedness, dipody,
f. dimovs, d:20d- two-footed, f. d-, Di-2 + ph
mo08- foot.] A double foot; two feet constituting
a single measure.
1844 Beck & Fetton tr. Munk's Metres 6A — of one
foot 1s called a monopody; of two feet, a 1859
J. W. Donatpson Grk. Gram. 646 The simplest form of this
dactylic dipodia is the Adonius, which finishes off the
Sapphic stanza. 1882 Goopwin Grk, Gram. 317 In trochaic,
iambic, and anapastic verses, which are measured by dipo-
dies (i. €. pairs of feet), a monometer consists of one dipody
(or two feet), a dimeter of = feet. vag oe Harper's Mag,
Mar. 576/2 [Folk- -songs] in
dipodies, tetrapodies, Spode cs, peatpodionned hexapodies,
ipolar (doipdu'las), f, Di-* + Pouar,]
Of or pertaining to two Sit ie two poles,
esp. poles such that the relations of the body or
quantity remain the same when it is turned end
for end.
ee
1864 in Wesster. 1873 Maxwett Electr. &
Il. 7, When a dipolar quantity is turned end for
remains the same as before. Tensions and pressures in
solid bodies, Extensions, Compressions and istortions,
and most of the optical, electrical, and magnetic rties
of crystallized ies are dipolar quantities. mm W.
Tuomson Math. §& Phys. Papers 1. x\viii. § 168. 283 The
reference to light discovered
Faraday as induced by magnetization in transparent soli
which I shall call dipolar, to distinguish it from such a
rotatory property with reference to light as that which
is naturally possessed by many transparent liquids and
solids, and which may be called an isotropic rotatory pro-
perty. 1884 Tarr eA
ht § 298 Along the axis of a he
of quartz there ve jar pared Be : —- the lines of
in a trans nt diamagnetic there is di asymmetry.
Dipo- ‘larize, v. Optics. [Dre -2 + PoLanize
v.] A word used by some seae of DEPOLARIZE
(sense a). So Dipo‘larized, Dipolarizing
adjs.; also Dipo'larization. (See quots.)
1837 WueweLt Hist. Induct. Sc. 1x. ix. Vieadi Dis-
covery of Laws of Phenomena of Di
lbid., The effect which the mica produced was termed
depolarization j—not a very happy term, since the effect i is
not the destruction of but the
of a new polarizing infl with the {i
dipolarization, which has meer: been proposed,
more appropriate expression. /éid. xi. § 4 The phenomena
of depolarized, or rather, as I have already said, Neca >
light. /d7d. § Fresnel ex
dipolarising eflect of the érystal; ‘col che niles of ie
analysing plate, by which certain of each of the
portions
he mad fe d
colour’ 186q Hi brances Jet, C rate: Drege, ate trea
a discoveries resp ig and dipolar-
ion,
Phe, rey jf) a. Obs. rere, (f. L. dé,
dupondiarius, {. di-, dupondium, the sum of two
Po ee Dipondiary, that is of two pound
“p Diperpa 9p Se 8 Zool, Pi. -. [f. Gr
&-, dis twice, doubly + mépmy pin of a buckle.] The
solitary immature form of a DrpLozoon.
galls Ressesten 2 jecueen Ae ae a
known as Diporpa is at first yeh abe lbid.,
two Diporpae which make up aoe Diplozoon,
Dipped, a dipt (i (dipt), JP Dire. + -xp}.}
shape y or oa ly) in a Ber
oa the verb. (In quots. 1646 and 1781, Baptized
by immersion.)
al geue etc, Erasm. peo) amass Bob, He. .to whome
rend not that Christ gaue dipped, bread to others, except
ane disciple only. 3 R. Baie J (idan) bo
Churches of anabaptized and dipped Saints.
Charity 609 E’en the dipt and livein 1814
Byron Corsair 1. xvii, h'd the dipt er Ruskin
Fors Clav. v1. \xi. 2 All your comfort in such iss.
Christ's dipped sop.
b. Of candles: Made by ss = we 2. 3b).
a Cuampers Cycl. s. v.
two kinds ; the one (tee the other aed, Weide
Maki of di Hr. Martineau Loom 2
ing of dipped Candles, | 1833
¢ Zaszer Ags See ificently from
candles on
a Involved in debe; mortgaged (see. Dip 2.
7b): (collog.)
DIPPER.
1676 WycHERLEY PL. Dealer m. i, Some young Wit, or
Spendthrift, that has a good dip’d Seat and Estate in
iddlesex. 1708 Mottreux Rabelais (1737) V. 214 Re-
deemers of dipt, mortgag’d, and bleeding Copy-holds.
Dipper (di:poz). [f. Dir v. +-ER !.]
1. One who dips, in various senses : spec. a. One
who immerses something in a fluid ; chiefly in tech-
nical uses.
1611 Cotcr,, Tvempeur, a dipper, wetter, moistener. 1762
Derrick Lett. (1767) 11. 51 There are women always ready
to present you with a cup of water who call themselves
Dippers. B
the side of this tub stands the dipper, and a boy, his assis-
tant. 1881 Guide Worcest. Porcel. Wks. 8 The action of
the Dipper shows the .. process in glazing .. wares. 1881
Besant & Rice Chafl. of Fieet u. ii. (1883) 130 There was
in the room [at Epsom Wells] a dipper, as they call the
women who hand the water to those who go to drink it.
1883 Birm. Daily Post 11 Oct., Tallow Chandlers.—Wanted
immediately, a first-class Dipper.
b. One who ‘dips’ snuff: see Dip z. 5.
1870 W. M. Baxer New Timothy 75 (Cent. Dict.) The
fair dipper holds in her lap a bottle containing the most
pungent Scotch snuff, and in her mouth a short stick of soft
Wood, the end of which is chewed into a sort of brush.
ec. One who ‘dips’ into a book, etc.: see Dip
Dv. 14.
1824 W. Irvine 7. Trav. I. 326, I became also a lounger
in the Bodleian library, and a great dipper into books.
1889 Jemple Bar Mag. Dec. 553 The dippers are those
readers who are only by an euphemism called readers.
a. Thieves’ slang. A pickpocket. (Farmer 1891.)
2. One who uses immersion in baptism ; esf. an
Anabaptist or Baptist : spec. one of a sect of Ame-
rican Baptists, called also Dunkers. :
31617 Cottins Def. Bp. Ely i. v. 200 To be dippers and
baptisers. 1642 Featty (¢z/de), The Dippers dipt, or the
Anabaptists duck’d and plung’d over Head and Ears, at
a Disputation in Southwark. 1823 Lams £/ia Ser. u.
Amicus Rediv., Fie, man, to turn dipper at your years,
after so many tracts in favour of sprinkling only. 1887
C. W. Surron in Dict. Nat. Biog. XI. 5/2 He became
a dipper or anabaptist (immersed 6 Nov. 1644).
3. A name given to various birds which dip or
dive in water. a. The Water Ouzel, Cézclus
aquaticus ; also other species of the genus, as, in
N. America, C. Mexicanus. b. locally in Eng-
land: The Kingfisher. ¢@. =Dascuick 1, D1-
DAPPER I. ? Ods. dd. in U.S. A species of duck,
Bucephala albeola, the buffle.
1 Wvycur Zev. xi. 17 An owle, and dippere [1382
deuedep, deuedoppe]. — Deut. xiv.17 A dippere, a pur-
sirioun, and a reremous..alle in her kynde. 1678 Ray
Willughby's Ornith. 340 The Didapper, or Dipper, or Dob-
chick, or small Miucker: 1752 Sir J. Hit Hist. Anim,
446 (Jod.), The dobchick .. we call it by several names
expressive of its diving ; the didapper, the dipper, etc. 18
Sexsy in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club 1. No. 1. 20 The only bir
which attracted notice was the iy (Cinclus aquaticus).
Fe Lg os Maine W. mart Se eager ce edo black
ippers, half grown, came paddling by. 188: Miss Jackson
Shropsh. Word-bk., Dipper, the tie-edas. Ten A.
Heppurn in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club 1X. No. 3. 504 Of the
Thrush family, the Dipper or Watercrow frequented all the
streams.
4. A genus of gastropod molluscs, Bulla,
1776 Da Costa Conchol. 174 (Jod.) The sixth family is
the nuces, seu bulla ; commonly called the pewits eggs, or
dipping snails, but which I shall henceforward call dippers,
or seanuts. 1835 Kirsy Had. §& Just. Anim, I. ix. 276 The
dippers (Bulla) which are furnished with a singular organ
— that proves their predaceous or carnivorous
abits.
5. A utensil for dipping up water, etc.: spec. a
ladle consisting of a bowl with a long handle.
(Chiefly U.S.) :
1801 Mason Sup. Yohnson, Dipper, a spoon made in
acertain form. Being a modern invention, it is not often
mentioned in 1828 WessteErR, Differ .. 2 A vessel
used to dip water or other liquor; a ladle. 1855 Loner.
Hiaw., xx. 107 Water brought in birchen dippers. 1858
Simmonps Dict. Trade, Didpers, an utensil for taking up
fluids in a brewery. 1864 Lowett Fireside Trav. 155
The little tin dipper was scratched all over. 1885 re
Atten Babylon xi, Each of whom brought his own ag
plate, knife, fork. 1891 R. Kirtinc Vaulahka iv, It’s like
trying to scoop up the ocean with a dipper
b. The popular name in the United States for
the configuration of seven bright stars in Ursa
Major (cabled in Britain ‘the Plough’, or ‘Charles’s
Wain’), Little Dipper: the similar configuration
of seven stars in Ursa Minor.
1858 THorEAU Autumn (2894) 4 Its [comet’s] tail is at
least as long as the whole of the Great Dipper. 1858 Haw-
THORNE Fr. & Zé. Fruds. U1, 111 The constellation of the
Dipper .. pointing to the North Star. 1890 C. A. Younc
Uranography § 5 The familiar Dipper is sloping downward
in the north-west. a
6. Photogr. An apparatus for immersing negatives
in a chemical solution ; see quots.
1839 Photogr. News 186 Dipper, the piece of glass or
other substance on which the iodised plate is laid, in order
to be dipped into the nitrate of silver bath. 1878 Apney
Photogr. 79 The dipper, employed for carrying the plate
into the solution during the operation of a may be
conveniently made of pure silver wire. 1879 Cassed/’s Techn.
Educ. i. 65 In this Fath must be a dipper for the purpose
of raising and lowering the plate during the sensitising
process. ; =
7. A receptacle for oil, varnish, etc., fastened to
a palette.
39 Guttick & Times Paint. 199 The Dipper is made so
1825 J. Nicnotson Oferat. Mechanic 473 By |
387
that it can be attached to the palette. It serves to contain
oil, varnish, or other vehicle used. 1883 Spectator 3 Nov.
1413 It blew the medium out of its dipper, and spread it in
a shower upon the middle of the picture.
8. attrib. and Comd., as dipper-bird (see 3 a);
dipper-clam (U..S.), a bivalve mollusc, J/actra
solidissima, common on the Atlantic coast of the
United States; dipper-gourd (U..S.), a gourd
used as a dipper (sense 5).
1894 Crockett Raiders (ed. 3) 260 A man stole off up the
waterside, jumping across it in running skips like a dipper
bird. 1880 New Virginians I. 199 A bucket of spring-water,
with a dipper-gourd in it.
Dipperful (di-paiful). U.S. [f. Dirper +
Feta As much as fills a dipper (see prec. 5).
1874 Mrs. Wuitney MWe Girls vi. 136 We poured some
dipperfuls of hot water over them. 1883 E, Incersott in
Harper's Mag. Jan. 197/2 We were just in time to get
a dipperful of the buttermilk.
Dipping (di:pin), v4/. sd. [f. Dir v. + -1NG?.]
1. The action of the verb Dip in various senses.
c1440 Promp. Parv. 121/2 Dyppynge yn lycore, intinctio,
1548 Cranmer Catech. 215 He knoweth not what baptisme
is..nor what the dyppyng in the water doth betoken. 1655
Jer. Tayvtor Unum Necess. v. § 4 (R.) That which is dyed
with many dippings is in grain, and can very hardly be
washed out. 1667 PAil. Trans. Il. 434 Nice Observations
of the Variations and Dippings of the Needle, in different
Places. 1719 J.'l’. Puicirrs 34 Conferences 218, I ask'd them,
how daily Diapiee and Plunging did avail them? 1856
Emerson Eng. Traits, Lit. Wks. (Bohn) II. 113 No hope,
no sublime augury, cheers the student .. but only a casual
dipping here and there. 1867 J. Ker Let?. (1890) 33 From
any little dippings of conversation I had among the people,
1870 PumPELLY Across Amer. & Asia i.1'The woman avery
hag, ever following the disgusting habit of dipping—filling
the air, and covering her clothes with snuff. 1874 Knicur
Dict. Mech. 1, 75/1 Dipping. « The process of brightening
ornamental brass-work..’The work is .. Dipped in a bath of
pure nitrous acid for an instant. 1875 ‘StoNEHENGE’ Brit,
Sports 1. v. iv. § 3.348 The tackle for dipping is much more
simple than that employed in whipping. 1882 Stamdard
2 Sept. 6/4 The Prisoner said she had only had a month for
‘dipping’ (picking pockets). 1883 //sheries Exhib, Catal.
22 Improved Mast to do away with Dipping of Lug.
2. concr. A liquid preparation in which things
are dipped for any purpose: a wash for sheep ;
dubbing for leather (.Sc.).
1825-80 Jamieson, Diffing, the name given to a com-
position of boiled oil and grease, used by curriers for soften-
ing leather, and making it more fit for resisting dampness.
1888 ELwortuy W’. Somerset Word-bk., Dipping, a strong
poisonous liquor, for dipping sheep, to kill vermin, and to
prevent the scab.
3. attrib, and Comd., chiefly in reference to tech-
nical processes, as a@ipping-bath, -house, -ladle,
-liguid, -net, -pan, -process, -room, -tub, -tube,
-vessel, -works; also Naut. (cf. Dip v. 6), as dip-
ping-line, -lug, -mark; also dipping-frame, a
frame used in dipping tallow candles, and in
dyeing ; +dipping-place, a baptistery ; dipping-
shell, -snail= DiprperR 4; dipping-well, the re-
ceptacle in front of an isobath inkstand.
1841 Awards Highl. & Agric. Soc. Scotland, To Mr.
Thomas Bigg, London, for a Sheep *Dipping Apparatus.
1894 Brit. Frnl, Photogr. XLI. 3 Procure a glass vertical
“dipping bath with a glassdipper. 1893 Ladour Commission
Gloss., *Dipping House, the part of the factory in which
the operation of dipping .. is carried on. Dipping House
Women, are the women and girls in the potting industry
who clean the ware after it has been dipped and become
dry. 1867 Smytu Sailor's Word-bk., *Dipping-ladle, a
metal ladle for taking boiling pitch from the cauldron. 1886
CauLFeitp Seamanship Notes 1 Work *dipping-line and
hoist sail. cx865 G. Gore in Circ. Sc. I. 216/1 He will
require several .. pans, one containing nitric acid, another
filled with ‘*dipping ’ liquid. 1875 Beprorp Sazlor’s Pocket-
bk. vi. (ed. 2) 214 Sling a *dipping lug 4 from the foremost
yard-arm. cx860 H. Sruart Seaman's Catech. 7 How
would you dip a ‘lug’? Lower the halyards to the *dip-
ping mark. = SmytH Sailor's Word-bk., *Dipping-net,
a small net used for taking shad and other fish out of the
water, 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. 1. 705/1 *Dipping-pan
(Stereotyping), a square, cast-iron tray in which the float-
ing-plate and plaster-cast are placed for obtaining a stereo-
type cast. 1616 7S. Acc. St. Fohn’s Hosp., Canterb., Payd
vnto a carpenter for making of a *depping place xvjd.
1766 Entick London IV. 374 In this parish [is] the Ana-
baptist dip ing- lace. 1881 Guide Worcest. Porcel. Wks.
27 From the *dipping room the ware is brought to the
drying stove. xgxx Phil. Trans. XXVII. 352 A sort of
*Diping Shell, very common on the Shoars of Jamaica and
Barbadoes. 1776 *Dipping-snail [see DirrEr 4]. 1853 Catad.
.R. Agric. Soc. Show 1 Sheep Dipping Apparatus .. It con-
sists of a *dipping-tub, a draining 1, and an inclined
plane. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., * Dipping-tube, a fine glass tube
used to collect a small quantity of liquid or some solid matter
in a liquid, for ination under the micr pe. c1865
Letnesy in Circ. Sc. I. 93/2 The tallow is kept in the *dip-
t
ping 1, at a temp e just over the point of solidifi-
cation. 1889 Durham Univ. Frni. 196 lt .. has a small
*dipping-well it which the ink is always at the same height.
i'pping, f//. a. [f. Dir v. + -Inc*] That
dips, in various senses; see the verb.
1798 CoLerince Anc. Mar.1. 12 With sloping masts and
dipping prow. 1866 Mrs. Gaskett Wives § Dau. xlvi,
With formal dipping curtseys the ladies rated, 1869
ent IncELtow Raven in White Chine vi, With a crimson
ue The dipping sun endowed that silver flood. 1887
Stevenson U3 1. iii. 4 My dipping paddle scarcely
shakes The berry in the bramble-brakes. _
Hence Dippingly adv., in a dipping way.
18g2 G. W. Curtis Lotos-eating 67 The summer-bi
traveller who skims up the Hudson dippingly.
ofa
DIPSAS.
Di‘pping-nee:dle. [see Dip z. 12, Dip sé. 4.]
A magnetic needle mounted so as to be capable
of moving in a vertical plane about its centre
of gravity, and thus indicating by its dip the
direction of the earth’s magnetism. So dipping-
compass, an instrument consisting of a dipping-
needle with a vertical graduated circle for measur-
ing the ‘dip’ or angle of inclination ;=d¢f-circle.
1667 Phil. J vans. 11. 438 The Dipping-Needle is to be
used as frequently as the former Experiment is made.
1713 Deruam Phys.-Theol. vy. i, note 21 (R.), I have not
yet been so happy to procure a tolerable good dipping-
needle. 180g M. Frinpersin PAzl. 7rans. XCV.195. Taking
the theodolite and dipping-needle, I landed. 1871 ‘TyNpaLL
Fragm, Sc. (1879) 1. xiii. 373 Previous to magnetization, a
dipping needle .. stands accurately level.
ip-pipe, -rod: see Dip sé.
Diprionidian (deipraijni-diin), a. Paleont.
[f. Gr. d:- twice (D1-*) + mpiwy a saw.] Having ser-
rations on both sides of the stem: said of grapto-
lites.
1872 Nicnotson Palgvont. 82 Two leading types may be
distinguished amongst the Graptolites .. ‘ monoprionidian’
and ‘diprionidian’. |
+ Diprisma‘tic, 2. A. Obs. [f. D1-?+ Pris-
matic.] Doubly prismatic; pertaining to two pris-
matic systems : see quot.
1821 R. Jameson A/ineralogy Introd. 10 Cleavage is said
to be diprismatic, if its planes have the direction of the
faces of a vertical, and at the same time of a horizontal
prism. : 7 ; . ;
Dipropargyl (deiprppasdzily. Chem. [f. D1-*
2+ Proparcyt.] A hydrocarbon isomeric with
benzene (C, H,) having the constitution of a double
molecule of the radical Propargyl or Propinyl
(CH=C-CH,); a mobile, highly refractive liquid,
with an intensely pungent odour.
1875 Warts Dict. Chem. VII. 1008 Dipropargyl .. is
easily distinguished from benzene by its property of com-
bining with explosive violence with bromine. 188% Vature
XXIII. 566 Recent observations on dipropargyl by Henry,
the discoverer of this curious compound.
|| Diprotodon (daipréutodyn). Paleont. {[mod.
L,, f. Gr. &- twice + mp@ro-s first + -od0v, neuter of
-odous, f. ddovs tooth.] A genus of huge extinct
marsupials, having two incisors in the lower jaw.
1839 Penny Cycl. XIV. 469/1 Anterior extremity of the
right ramus, lower jaw, of Diprotodon. 1880 Nicnotson
Zool. \xix. 670 In size Diprotodon must have many times
exceeded the largest of living Kangaroos. 1892 /’add
Mall G. 30 Sept. 6/3 Remains of the extinct monster
diprotodon.
Dipro‘todont, a. and sd.
stem ddovT-.] :
A. adj. Having two incisors in the lower jaw;
having the dentition or characteristics of the genus
Diprotodon. B. sb, A-marsupial of this genus.
1881 Z¥mes 28 Jan. 3/4 In the nototheres and ys
donts, progressive movement is performed in the ordinary
four-footed fashion of the tapir and rhinoceros.
Dipsacaceous (dipsaké'-fas), @. Bot. [f. mod.
L. Dipsacace-w, f. Dipsacus, Gr. Bipaxos teasel, f.
dia thirst, in allusion to the retention of water in
the hollows formed by the axils of the connate
leaves.] Belonging to the Natural Order Dzfsa-
cacex, containing the teasels and their allies.
Also Dipsa‘ceous, a. (Smart Szzpp/. 1849.)
+ Dipsad. 06s. rare. [a. F. depsade (Rabelais,
16th c.), ad. L. dipsad-em, Gr. dipad-a (accus.) :
see Dipsas.] = Dirsas 1.
1607 TorsELL Serpents (1658) 698 [tr. Lucan] And dipsads
thirst in midst of water floud. :
Dipsadine (di-psadsin), a. Zool. [f. L. dipsad-
stem of Difsas + -INE.] Of or belonging to the
family of non-venomous snakes, Dipsadinw, to
which belongs the genus Dzfsas (Dipsas 2 a).
|| Dipsas (ditps&s). Pl. dipsades (di:psadzz).
Also 5 dypsa, 6 (//ev.) dipsez, 8 dipsa, dypsas.
[L. dipsas, Gr. divas a serpent whose bite caused
great thirst, orig. adj., causing thirst, f. dipa thirst.
CE£. F. dipsade, dipsas, older dipse (13th c. in Hatz.-
Darm.).
1. A serpent whose bite was fabled to produce a
raging thirst. : ; E
1382 Wycuir Dewt. viii. 15 Scorpioth, and dipsas, that is,
an eddre that whom he biteth, he maketh thur3 threste die.
1 Dives & Paup. (W. de W.) v. iii. 198/1 Flaterers be
lykened to an adder that is called dypsa. 1572 BossEWELL
Armorie 1.63 A Dipsez verte, charged on the firste quarter.
x609 Hottann Am, Marcell. xxi. xv. 213 Of | ser-
pents, to wit..the Dipsades, and the Vipers. 1627 May
Lucan 1x. 703 Dipsases in midst of water dry. 1667
Mitton P. L. x. 526 Scorpion, and Asp, and Amphisbena
dire, Cerastes hornd, Hydrus, and Ellops drear, And
Dipsas. cx7go SHENSTONE Elegies xx, 39 Here the ay
dipsa writhes his sinuous mail. 1821 SHELLEY Prometh.
nb, i. iv. 19 It thirsted As one bit by a dipsas. 1894
F, S. Exuis Reynard 336 A dipsas is a worm accurst, From
whose bite follows raging thirst.
2. Zool, a. A tropical genus of non-venomous
serpents. b. A genus of fresh-water bivalves of
the family Unzonzde, or river-mussels.
1841 Penny Cycl. XXI. 280 Under the non-venomous
[serpents] are arranged the foll —Tortrix;
[f. as prec., with
49*-2
DIPSETIC.
Boa .. Coluber .. Dipsas, 1843 Ibid. XXV1.5 Mr. J. E.
Gray makes the Unionidz the eighth family of his order
Cc Genera :—A nodon, Margaritana, Difsas.
Dipsetic (dipsertik), a. and sb. [ad. Gr. dupnrue-
és provoking thirst, thirsty, f. d5afd-ew to thirst,
dha thirst.
A. adj. Producing thirst. B. sd. A substance
or preparation that produces thirst.
7 in CraiG. 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex.
ipsey, -sie, -sy, var. of DEEP-SEA Gaemy
associated with dif), esp. in dipsy-lead, -line.
1626-1698 [see Deep sea]. 1837 Marrvat Dog-Fiend xiii,
I may. .as well go down like a dipsey lead. 1860 BartLetrt
Dut. Amer., Dipsy, a term applied, in some parts of
Penns’ Ivania, to the sinker of a ishing Sina. 1867 SMYTH
Sailor's Word-bk., Dipsy, the float of a fishing-line.
t+ Di‘psian, 2. Ods. [f. dipsa form of Dipsas,
or Gr. dyft-os thirsty + -An.] Of thirst : such as
was caused by the bite of the dipsas; raging.
@1618 Syivester Du Bartas, Auto-machia 100 Gold,
Gold bewitches mee, and frets accurst My greedy throat
with more than Dipsian thirst.
[Dipsin, app. mispr. for dipsée, Dipsey, deep-sea.
1598 Haxcuyt Voy. I. 435 Sound with your dipsin lead,
and note diligently what depth you finde.]
|| Dipsomania (dipsomé-nia). Path. [f. Gr.
d:yo- comb. form of diva thirst + wavia madness,
Mania.] A morbid and insatiable craving for
alcohol, often of a paroxysmal character. Also
applied to persistent drunkenness, and formerly to
the delirium produced by excessive drinking.
1845°4 A. S. Tavtor Med. Furispr. \xvi.655 Dipsomania,
drunkenness. This state, which is called in law frenzy, or
dementia affectata’, is regarded as a temporary form of
insanity. 1851-60 in Mayne Expos. Lex. 1862 tr. Caspar's
Handbk. Forensic Med. (New Syd. Soc.) 1]. 91 [She] had
been for many years excessively given to drinking, and in
her case it had developed to actual ‘dipsomania’. 1866
A. Fiint Princ. Med. (1880) 512 Dipsomania is a term
sometimes used to denote the peculiar delirium arising from
the abuse of alcohol, but it is commonly applied to an un-
controllable desire for alcoholic drinks. 1881 S. ALForp in
Med. Temp. Frnl. XLVI. 163 Dipsomania, or inebriety, is
a fundamental disease of the nervous system, primarily of
a functional character. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dipsomania
.-is to be distinguished frbm ordinary and habitual drunken-
ness, in that the craving is paroxysmal, and comes on
apparently without the external temptation of what is called
good company. ,
Dipsoma‘niac, s?. and a.
Maniac).]
A sb. A person affected with dipsomania ; one
who suffers from an ungovernable craving for drink.
1858 A. S. Taytor Med. Furispr. \xx. (ed. 6) 950 The two
jurors..considered that she was a dipsomaniac. 1866 Lond.
Rev. 13 Oct. 404/2 There are several places where Di
maniacs are treated, under the rule and care of religious
orders, 1884 Mas. C. Praep Zero ix, A craving for excite-
ment as keen as that of the dipsomaniac for alcohol.
B. adj. = next. (In recént Dicts.)
Dipsomanicacal, a. [f. as prec. + -aL.] Af-
fected with dipsomania.
186s tr. ay ty Handbk. Forensic Med. (New Syd. Soc.)
IV. 267 She had given herself up to drunkenness and had
become dipsomaniacal. : . i F
Dipsopathy (dipsp'papi). [f. Gr. dfo-, dipa
thirst + mdQea, f. ma00s suffering (taken after
homaopathy, hydropathy, etc., in sense ‘ method of
cure’).] The treatment of disease by abstinence
from liquids. 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex.
|| Dipsorsis. Med. [irreg. f. Gr. dépa thirst +
-osIs ; the actual Gr. word was Bi~nots.] ‘Aterm
for a morbid degree of thirst: nearly synonymous
with Polydipsia’ (Mayne Expos. Lex. 1851-60).
1847 in Craic.
psy, variant of Dipsry.
Dipt, variant of dipfed, pa. t. and pple. of Dir v.
Diptani, obs. form of Dirrany.
Di (ditptar). Entom. [ad. F. diptere (1791
in Hatz.-Darm.), L. dipter-us, a. Gr. dimrepos two-
winged, f. &-, dis twice + mrepév wing.] One of
the Diptera; a two-win fly.
3828 Wesster s.v., The dipters are an order of insects
having only two wings, and two poisers, as the fly.
|| Diptera, sd. 4/. Entom. (mod.L. = Gr. dirrepa
(Aristotle), pl. neuter of dimrepos two-winged (sc.
insecta insects, animalia animals): s.e prec.] The
two-winged flies, alarge order of insects having
one pair of membranous wings, with a pair of hal-
teres or poisers representing a posterior pair. Well-
known examples are the common honse-fly, the
gnats, gad-flies, and crane-flies,
1819 Pantologia, Diptera, in zoology, an order of the class
insecta, characte: by having two wings, under each of
which is a clavate poise with its appropriate scale, 1867 F.
Francis Angling vi. eae 196 The other orders in most use
by the fly-fishers are .. the Diptera, or two-winged. 1879
A. W. Bennett in Academy 33 Abundantly visited by in-
sects, especially Diptera. s
Di: ‘ceous, 2. Bot. [f. mod. Bot. L. Dip-
teracex, f. Dipler- contracted from Difterocarpus
eric name (f. dinrep-os two-winged + xapnds
ruit): see -ackous.] Of or belonging to the
Natural Order Dipteracee (Dipterocarper): see
Diererocarr. So Dipterad, a plant of this order.
[f. prec. + -ac (after
388
DIRADIATION.
1612 Brinstey Pos. Parts (1
Diptots? A. Such as
call
eome Glossogr. iptote. Westey Wks. (1
XIV. 40 Di Jn goal wecaectomaed pag
triptote are
41/2 Difteracez wip nan ‘#, Dipterads), a 1
er of thalamifloral di yledons or Exogens. containing
e trees with resinous juice.
pteral ( ig | medi [f. L.dipter-os (Vitruv.),
a. Gr. dinzepos (DiprER) + -AL.]
1. Arch, Having a double pomyic.
1812 W. Witkins Civil Archit. Vitruvius 37 It was per-
ps the i ion of the author to rep’ pteral 1
with a treble portico in that front only through which they
were ——— — E.us Elgin Marb. 1. 72 A temple
was of the kind called dipteral, when it had two ranges of
columns resting on the pavement. 1886 Century Mag. Nov.
1 3" A dipteral temple.
. Entom. =Dirrerovs.
1828 in WewsTeR.
, a. and sb. Entom. [f. as Diprer,
DIPTERA +-AN.]
A. adj =Duirrerovs. B, sé. A dipterous insect.
in BranneE Dict, Sci., etc.: and in mod. Dicts.
+ Dipteric, 2. Arch. Obs. rare. [a. F. dip-
térique (17th c.), f. Gr. dérrep-os two-winged +
| = Diprerat.
It was of the dip-
1664 Evetyn tr. Freart's rador pi 4
a two-fold range of
ppt figure ; that is, inviron'd wit
Columns, |
Dipterist (diptérist). [f. Dirrer-a + -1sr.]
An entomologist who studies the Dipéera.
1872 O. W. Hotes Poet Break/.-t. ii. (1885) 48 Competi-
tion .. between the dipterists and the lepidopterists.
Dipterocarp (di:ptéro,kaip). Bot. [ad. mod.
L Dipterocarp-us, {. Gr. diwrep-os two-winged +
xapnés fruit.] A member of the genus Déftero-
carpus or Natural Order Difterocarpex, comprising
East Indian trees characterized by two wings on
the summit of the fruit, formed by enlargement of
two of the calyx-lobes. Cf. Dipreraczovs. So
Dipteroca‘rpons a., belonging to this genus or
order,
1876 Hartey Mat. Med. 702 Dipterocarps .. Gigantic
trees abounding in resinous juice, natives of India. 1885
H. O. Forses Nat, Wand. E. Archip. 135 Various species
of coniferous and dipterocarpous trees.
Diptero‘logy. [f. Dirtera: see -(0)Locy.]
Di (diptik). Forms: 7 diptyck, 7-8
diptick, dyptick, 7-9 diptye, 8 dyptic, 7- dip-
tych. [ad. L. diftycha (pl.), a. late Gr. dirrvya
= of writing-tablets, neut. pl. of déarruxos double-
olded, f. &:-, dis twice + mrvyq fold. Cf. mod.F.
diptyque, ¢1700 in Hatz.-Darm.]
. Anything folded, so as to have two leaves ;
esp. a two-leaved, hinged tablet of metal, ivory or
wood, haying its inner surfaces covered with wax,
used by the ancients for writing with the stylus.
1622 Sparrow Bk. Com. Prayer Pref., See hs or Folded
Tables. 1731 Gate in Phil. Trans. X XVI. 161. The
Diptychs and Triptychs that were covered with Wax,
served — for common Occurrences. 1829 J. FLAXMAN
Lect. Sculpt. iii. 98 The Greeks executed small works of
great elegance, as may be seen in the dyptics, or ivory
covers, to consular records, or sacred volumes. 1859 GuL-
uick & Times Paint. 306 The di +. Were among the
Romans formed of two little tab!
folding one over the other like a book.
b. yer. (in p/.) Applied to the artistically
wrought tablets distributed by the consuls, etc.
of the later Empire to commemorate their tenure
of office; hence transferred to a list of magistrates.
1781 Ginson Dec/. & F. 11. 27 Their names and portraits,
engraved on gilt tablets of ivory, were dispersed over the
| empirg-ss presents to the provinces .,the senate. .the vfs
ta Ss
(Vote) Montfaucon has represented some of these
or dypticks. 1797 Monthly Mag. 506 The consular dyptics
contain similar cyphers.
2. Eccl. (in pl.) Tablets on which were recorded
| the names of those of the orthodox, living and
That branch of entomology which relates to the |
Diptera. Hence Di:pterolo'gical a., Diptero'-
logist = Diprerist.
1881 Nature XXIV. 46 Descriptions of new diptera, and
dipterological notes.
ll Pose aie Arch. Formerly also dipteron,
and, after Fr., diptere. [a. Gr. dimrepos (sc. vads)
two-winged (temple).] A temple or building with
double peristyle.
1706 Puitirs (ed. Kersey), Difteron (in Archit.) a Build-
ing that has a double Wing or Isle. The Ancients gave that
Name to such ‘Temples as were surrounded with two ranges
of Pillars .. which they call'd Wings. 1727-5r CHAMBERS
Cycl., Diptere, or Dipteron. 1730-6 Batter (folio', Diptere.
1882 OciLvix, Dipteros. :
ty Popol (ditptéras), a. [f. mod.L. dipter-us
(see Diprer) + -ous.]
1. Entom. Two winged ; of, pertaining to, or of
the nature of the Diprera.
1773 Wuite in Phil, Trans. LXIV. 201 They .. are
greatly .. annoyed by a large dipterous insect. 1802 Binc-
LEY Anim, Biog. (1813) 1. 48 Dipterous insects .. are those
having only two wings, each furnished at its base with a
poise or balancer. 1816 Kirsy & Sp. Entomo/. (1843) I.
304 The noisiest wings belong to insects of the dipierous
order. 1 i Luneocs Orig. & Met. Ins. i, 24 Sim ovate
muc S.A Ai tne
mbling ary dip pupae.
2. Bot. Having two wing-like appendages or
processes, as certain fruits, seeds, etc.
1851-60 Mayne Expos. Lex., Dipterus .. having two
wings: dipterous. Bot. Applied to a pericarp when it has
lateral appendages like wings. 1866 in 7 reas. Bot.
ll « Palwont. [mod.L., f. Gr.: see
Dirter.] A genus of Palzozoic dipnoous fishes,
having two dorsal fins, opposite the ventral and
anal respectively. Hence Dipte‘rian a. and sé.,
berenging to, or a member of, this genus.
1842 H. Micter O. 2. Sandst. (ed. 2) 103 The Dipterus or
double-wing, of the Lower Old Red Sandstone, 1847 Anstep
Anc. World iv, 70 These ancient fishes (Dipterians), 1854 F.
C. Bakewett Geol, 29 Other fishes, of which the dipterus is
the type, bear more resemblance to fishes of the nt day,
prese:
ork eget em diptérisdzian), a, (sb.) Zehth. [f.
mod.L, D4; ms (f. di-, dis twice + wreptyi-ov |
fin) + -AN. aving two fins: applied to fishes
having, or supposed to have, only two fins. Also
Di gious a. ‘ :
x ig Cuan, Difterygians, a family of fishes, furnished with
two fir
ns only, 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex. [both words].
Diptong(e, obs. form of DipuTrHoNna.
Di (diptdut), sb. anda. Gram. Also 7-8
-tot,
-toton. [ad. L. diptdta (pl.) nouns that have
only two case-endings, a. Gr. pad ag pl. neuter of
dinrwro-s with a Soubie case-ending, f. d-, dis
twice + mrwrds falling (wr@ots case).] é
A. sé, A noun having only two cases. B, au.
Having only two cases.
dead, who were commemorated by the early Church
at the celebration of the eucharist. Hence,The list
or register of such names; the intercessions in the
course of which the names were introduced.
1640 Hammonp Poor Man's Tithing Wks. 1684 7s
Enrol their names in the book of life, in those sacred ete
diptycks. 1680 Stituincri. Mischief Separation pe 2) 30
Atticus restored the name of St. Chrysostom to the Diptychs
of the Church. 1745 tr. Dupin's Eccl. Hist. 17th C. 1. v. 64
The Dipticks ..have been famous, in the Councils of the
East ever since the Council of Chalcedon. 1855 Mitman
Lat. Chr. (1864) 1. ut. iii. 40 The Names of Acacius and
| all who communicated with him were erased from the 4
| folded.
_ 1882-3 Scuarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl, 1.
oe wwelks century the diptychs fell out of use in the
urch.
3. An altar-piece or other painting composed of
two leaves which close like a book.
1852 Mrs. Jameson Leg. Madonna Introd. (1857) 52 A
Diptych is an altar-piece composed of two divisions or
leaves, which are united by hinges, and close like a book.
1863 Barinc-Goutp /cedand 158 Svinavatn church contains
a curious diptych with medizval figures.
Diytychous, a. [f. as prec. +-ous.] Double-
1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex.
|| Dipus (dai- >. Zool. [mod.L., ad. Gr. dimous
two-footed.] a. The typical genus of the jerboas,
a race of rodents which progress like the kangaroo,
by leaping with the rng hinder legs. b. A small
marsupial quadruped of Australia, Charopus cas-
farotts.
1799 B. J. Barton in Trans. Amer. Soc. WV. 114 (title)
Some account of the American Species of Dipus, or Jarboa.
1849 C. Sturt Z.xp. Centr, Austral. 11.5 Mr. whe and
T had cl a Dipus into a hollow log, and there secured
it. 1859 Cornwaiiis New World 1. 194 The wallabi, the
dipus, the talpero, the wombat. 3
Di (dipaies), A/in, [mod. (Haiiy 1801)
ad. L. dipyros, Gr. dimupos twice put into the fire, f.
&:- twice + wip fire: so called because when heated
it exhibits both ph
orescence and fusion.] A
silicate of alumina with: small proportions of the
silicates of soda and lime, occurring in square
—, Chem. U1. 441 The di 1807 A
reroy’. » ER i IKIN
Duct*Chem § ‘Min. “f v. 1068 Dana Mun. § 302 Dipyre
occurs in rather coarse crysteis, cea large or stout, and
rarely columnar, in
Dipyrenous (daipsuinas), a. Bot, [f. Gr.
&- twice + avphy fruit-stone + -ovs.] Containing
two fruit-stones.
1866 in Treas. Bot.
298 The fruits * oe ee tetrapyrenous,
etc., according as contain a
+ Dira-diate, v. Obs. ik: L. a, dés- asunder
+Raprate.) fans. vs > abroad cto
B Disp. 'o) diradiate vertues.
y amar vol. 1, Diradiated, spread forth in Beams of
ight.
Diradiation (dsiradia-fan). [n.of action from
prec.
1. The diffusion of rays from a luminous body.
1706 Puitwirs (ed. Kersey), Diradiation, a spreadin
abroad of Beams of Light; also a ee os
Vines in form of Sun-beams. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Di
tion, the emission of light-rays from a luminous body.
2. Med. (See quots.
1730-6 Seaee (ai), iradiation (in Medicine) an in-
‘ia
1880 Gray Struct. Bot. vii. § 2. °
ee
Pe ea
q
DIRAL. ©
vigoration of the muscles by the animal spirits. 1823 in
Crass Technol. Dict. 1883 Syd.Soc. Lev. Diradialion..
a synonym for Hypxotism. ,
Diral, a. Ods. rare. [f. L. Dire the Furies,
the dire (sisters) +-aL.] Of or pertaining to the
Furies ; dire.
1606 Dov & Cieaver Ex. Prov. xiii.-xiv. (1609) 102
That we expose not our hearts to these dirall and bitter
terrors, , :
+Dirama‘tion. Oés rare. [f. L. di-, dis-
asunder + ram-us branch + -aTion.] Branching
out, ramification.
1778 Nat. Hist. in Ann. Reg. 109/2 The course and dira-
mations of the vessels in stones.
gean. (daisz‘an), a. [f. L. Dérceus, f. Dirce,
Gr, Aipxn name of a fountain in Beeotia.] Of or
belonging to the fountain of Dirce: used of Pindar,
called by Horace Dirceus cygnus the Dirceean
swan ; Pindaric, poetic.
1730 Younc Merchant ww. ii, O thou Dircaean Swan on
high. 1884 0. Rev. July 136 The voice of poet and prophet
+ blended in a sublime Dircaean strain. 1894 GLapsToNE
in 19th Cent. Sept. 318 Air buoyant and copious enough to
carry the Dircaean swan,
Dirdum (ds'1dom). S¢c.and xorth. dial. Forms:
5 durdan, 6- dirdum, 7-9 -dam, -dom, durdum,
9 durden, durdem, dordum, dyrdum. [Deri-
vation unknown : app. not connected with Sc. dvd
stroke, blow. It has been compared with Gaelic
diardan anger, surliness, snarling, and with Welsh
dwrdad, ‘sonitus, strepitus’ (Davies).]
1, Uproar, tumultuous noise or din.
©1440 York Myst. xxxi. 41.And se pat no durdan be done.
a@1510 Doucias King Hart u. 453 Than rais thair meikle
dirdum and deray. 1 Stewart Cron. Scot. (1858) 1. 4
Lat be thi dirdum and thi din. 1655 CrarKe Phraseol.
170 (Halliw.) An horrible dirdam they made. 1674-91
AY Local Words 129 Durdom, noise. 1686 G. Stuart
Foco-Ser. Disc. 70 For aw their Dirdom, and their Dinn,
It was but little they did winn. 180z R. ANpERSON Cu-
berld. Ball., Peace i, Sec a durdem, Nichol says, They’ve
hed in Lunnon town. 1832 W. SrerHenson Gateshead
Poems 99 Their dirdum ye may hear each neet, If ye’ll
but gan to Robbins. 1855 Rowinson Whitby Gloss., Dur-
dum, riotous confusion. ‘The street ‘is all in a durdum.’
1869 Lousdale Gloss., Durden, Durdum, uproar, hubbub.
1892 Northumbld. Gloss, Dirdum, Durdum, Dordumy,
noise and excitement, a confusion, a hurly-burly.
2. Outcry ; loud reprehension, obloquy, blame.
1709 M. Bruce Soul Confirm. 14 (Jam.) A clash of the
Kirk's craft..a fair dirdim of their synagogue. 1816 Scorr
Old Mort, vii, ‘This is a waur dirdum than we got frae
Mr. Gudyill when ye garr’d me refuse to eat the plum-por-
ridge on Yule-eve.’” 1823 Misses Cornett Petticoat Tales
I. 280(Jam.), ‘I gi’ed her such a dirdum the last time I got
her sitting in our laundry.’ 1824 Scorr Redgauntlet Let.
xi, ‘We had better lay the haill dirdum on that ill-deedie
creature.’ 1886 Stevenson Kidnapped xix, If I get the
dirdum of this dreadful accident, I’il have to fend for
myself.
Dire (diez), a. and sh, Also 6-7 dyre.
dir-us fearful, awful, portentous, ill-boding.
A. adj. ‘Dreadful, dismal, mournful, horrible,
terrible, evil in a great degree’ (J.).
1567 Drant Horace’s Epist. xvi. Fj, With gyues, and
fetters Ile tame the under a galow dyre. 1590 SPENSER
¥. Q.1. xi. 40 All was covered with darknesse dire. 1605
Suaxs. Macé, u1, iii. 63 Strange Schreemes of Death, And
Prophecying, with Accents terrible, Of dyre Combustion.
1667 Mitton P. Z. 1. 628 All monstrous, all prodigious
things..Gorgons and Hydra’s and Chimera’s dire. 168
Lond. Gaz. No. 1649/3 And His Majesty, with advice
foresaid, recommends to His Privy Council to see this Act
put to dire and vigorous Execution. 1768 Beatrie Minstr.
m1. ii, To learn the dire effects of time and change. a@ 1774
Gotpsm. Double Transform. 75 That dire-disease, whose
ruthless power Withers the beauty’s transient flower. 1784
Cowrer ask 11. 270 Gives his direst foe a friend’s embrace.
1853 C. Bronte Vidette xxv, Forced by dire necessity. 1868
Hetrs Realmah xvii. (1876) 462 Ostentation, the direst
enemy of comfort.
b. Dire sisters (L. dire soroves, Dire): the
Furies.
ad. L.
1743 J. Davipson 4neid vu. 195 From the Mansion of
the dire Sisters,
+B. sb. Obs.
1. Dire quality or matter, direness.
1660 Woop Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 367 Their sermons
--before were verie practicall and coeumibaty full of dire.
2. pl, =L. Dire, Furies, dire sisters.
1610 G. Fiercner Christ's Tri. over Death xxi, Arme,
arme your selues, sad Dires of my pow’r.
_C. Comb. (chiefly adverbial or parasynthetic), as
dire-clinging, -gifted, -lamenting, -looking, -visaged.
1591 Suaks. 72vo Gent. un. ii. 82 After your dire-lamenting
Elegies; Visit .. your Ladies chamber-window With some
sweet Consort, 1633 Mitton Arcades 52 The cross dire-
looking planet. 1730-46 Tuomson Autumn 875 Here the
cya harmless native. .to the rocks Dire-clinging, gathers
is ovarious food. a 188x Rossetti Rose Mary, and Beryl-
Song 2 Dire-gifted spirits of fire.
Direckar, obs. Sc. form of DrrEcror.
Direct (direkt, doi-), v. Also 5 de-, 5-6 dy-,
5 derekt, 6 Sc. direck. [f. L. direct- (dérect-),
ppl. stem of drrigére (d2-) to straighten, set straight,
direct, guide, f. dz- apart, asunder, distinctly Sy
dé- down) + regére to put or keep straight, to rule.
It is probable that the ppl. adj. dévect was first
formed immediately from L. dzrect-us, and that this
389
originated a verb of the same form: cf. -aTE 3 3.
Both the pa. pple. and finite tenses of the verb were
used by Chaucer. ‘here is a close parallelism of
sense-development between direct and address,
arising out of their etymological affinity: cf. also
Dress v.]
1. trans. To write (something) directly or specially
to a person, or for his special perusal; to address.
+ a. To dedicate (a treatise) Zo. Ods.
© 1374 Cuaucer Troylus vy. 1868 O morall Gower, this
booke I directe To thee. 1447 Bokennam Seyntys (Roxb.)
Introd. 7 You sone and fadyr to whom I dyrecte This symple
tretyhs. 1555 Even Decades 136 They dyrected and dedi-
cated suche thinges to kynges and princes. 1581 Sazir.
Poems Reform, xiliv. 2 To 30u, ministers, and Prelattis of
perdition, This schedul schort I do direct. 1€07 ‘VorsELt
Four. Beasts (1658) 129 The Treatise of English Dogs ..
translated by A. F. and directed to that noble Gesner.
+b. To write (a letter or message) expressly 0.
[L. drigere epistolam, 4th c., Servius and Jerome ;
also attributed by Servius to Cicero.] Ods.
1397 Kolls of P@rit. III. 378/2 As it is..declared in the
same Commission directid to William Rikhill, Justice. 1467
Mann. & Househ. Exp. 173, 1 have reseyved 30wer moste
grasyou's] leter to me dereketed, to be wethe 30were hynes
-. the nexte morow after Kandelmas day. 1490 Caxton
Eneydos xxii. 84 Yf he take the lettre vnto hym whome it
is dyrected ynto. rgx1-2 Act 3 Hen. VIII, c. 23§ 5 The
Kinges Highnes shall. .direct his lettres missyves to twayn
of his honourable Counseillours. 1535 Boorpre Let#, in
Introd. Knowl. (1870) Foreward 53 To.. Master ‘Thomas
Cromwell be pis byll dyrectyd. 160x R. Parsons (¢it/e),
An Apologetical Epistle: directed to the right honourable
Lords .. of her Maiesties Privie Counsell. 1730 Gay in
Swift's Lett, (1766) 11. 115 If you knew how often I talk
of you..you would now and then direct a letter to me.
ce. spec. In modern usage, To write on the out-
side of (a letter or the like) the name, designation,
and residence of the person to whom it is to be
delivered ; to write the ‘direction’ or‘ address’ on.
(In early examples not separable from b.)
1588 Suaks. LZ, LZ. L, i. il, 132 But Damosella virgin, Was
this directed to you? 1642 King's Reply in Rushw. Hist.
Coll, (1721) V. 63 His Message..was .. taken..by the Earl
of Essex, and though not to him directed, was by him
opened. 1697 Lond. Gaz. No. 3334/4 Vhe Box nail'd up
and Directed to Mrs. Ann Perriot. 1713 Appison Guardian
No. 123 »3 A letter folded up and directed to a certain
nobleman. 1726 SHeLvocke Voy. round World 134 Put
them all up together in one packet, and direct them to
me. 1855 Lp. Houcuton in L7fe (1891) I. xi. 527 Lady Elles-
mere’s letter missed me altogether, although directed as I
desired.
absol, 1707 Tuoressy in Lett, Lit, Men (Camden) 337 If
T had sooner known how to direct to you, I had long ago..
written. 1751 Burke Corr. (1844) I. 26 Direct to me at Mr.
Hipkis's, Ironmonger in Monmouth. 1775 Jounson Let. to
Mrs. Thrale 6 June, I hope my sweet Queeney will write
me a long letter, when. .she knows how to direct to me.
2. To address (spoken words) /o any one; to utter
(speech) so that it may directly reach a person.
arch,
c1450 tr. De Imitatione 1. xxiii, Pider directe praiers &
daily mornynges wi} teres. 1891 SHaks. 1 Hen. VJ, v. iii.
179 Words sweetly plac’d, and modest[l]ie directed. 1611
Bisce Ps. v. 3 In the morning will I direct my prayer vnto
thee. 165x Hosses Leviath, u. xxv. 131 To whom the
Speech is directed.
+b. To impart, communicate expressly, give in
charge ¢o a person. Oés.
ax400 Pistill of Susan 278 He directéd pis dom .. To
Danyel be prophete. 1598 Barret Vicor. Warres ii. 1
The straite charges and commands directed from her Ma-
jestie. 1633 Br. Hatt Hard 7 exts 324 If God should direct
his precepts to a child.
3. To put orkeep straight, or in right order. a.
To set or put in right order, to arrange. Ods.
tg09 Hawes Past. Pleas. x. iii, Dysposicion, the true
seconde parte Of rethorike, doth evermore dyrecte The
maters formde of this noble arte, Gyvyng them place after
the aspect.
b. ‘Yo keep in right order; to regulate, control,
govern the actions of.
e1510 More Picus Wks. 32 O holy God .. whiche heauen
and earth directest allalone. 1548-9 (Mar.) Bs. Com. Prayer
132b (Commun. Coll.) To direct, sanctifye and gouerne, both
our heartes and bodies, 1552 Apr. Hamitton Catech. (1884)
29 It [the eye] direckis al the membris of our bodie. 1713
Appison Cato 1. i. 41 He..cover’d with Numidian Guards,
directs A feeble army. 1847 Emerson Refr. Men, Napoleon
Wks. (Bohn) I. 373 His grand weapon, namely, the millions
whom he directed. 1883 Froupe Short Stud. 1V.1. i. 1 Vhe
mind, or spiritual part of man, ought to direct his body.
¢e. absol.
1611 Biste Ecc?. x. ro Wisedom is profitable to direct.
4. trans. To cause (a thing or person) to move
or point straight zo or éowards a place; to aim (a
missile); to make straight (a course or way) ¢o
any point; to turn (the eyes, attention, mind)
straight ¢o an object, (a person or thing) ¢o an aim,
purpose, ete.
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 95 Y° vice yt most
maketh man lyke to beestes, & directeth hym from god.
1559 W. Cunnincuam Cosmogr. Glasse 137 Directe the ruler
with hys two sightes unto anye one place. 1576 FLeminc
Panopl. Epist. 23, 1 came out of Asia, and directed my
saile from Aegina towardes Megara. Jdid. 350 But if he
failed. .in directing his shafte. 1632 Lirucow Trav, m1. 99
Directing his course to rush up on the face of a low Rocke.
1655 StanLey Hist, Philos. Ded., I send this book to you
beca::se you first directed me to this design. .¢ 1676 Lavy
DIRECT.
CuawortH in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 31,
1... had the good luck to escape the squibs .. especially di-
rected to the balcone over against me. 1703 Moxon Mech.
Exerc. 205 Do not direct the cutting Corner of the Chissel
inwards. 171r Appison Sfect. No. 159 P 8, I directed my
Sight as I was ordered. 1726 Adv. Capi. R. Boyle 31 They
directed their Steps towards my Confinement. 1790 PaLrey
Hore Paul, i. 8 A different undertaking. .and directed to a
different purpose, 1855 Macautay ///s/. Eng. W11.26 Howe
. directed all his sarcasms..against the malecontents. 1856
Emerson Eng. Traits, Times Wks. (Bohn) II. 119 But the
steadiness of the aim suggests the belief that this fire is
directed..by older engineers. 1860 TyNDALL Glace. 11, xxiv.
355 To direct attention to an extremely curious fact. 1867
Smices Huguenots Eng. i. (1880) 9 ‘These measures were
directed against the printing of religious works generally.
1871 B. Srewart Heat § 35 These telescopes are directed
towards two marks. 1874 Green Short Hist. vi. § 4 302
The efforts of the French monarchy had been directed to
the conquest of Italy. 1875 Jowerr Péato (ed. 2) I. 207
Everybody's eyes were directed towards him.
absol. 1639 Futter Holy War v. ix. (1647) 244 Good
deeds w" direct to happinesse.
b. To inform, instruct, or guide (a person), as
to the way; to show (any one) the way.
1607 Suaks. Cor. 1v. iv. 7 Direct me, if it be your will,
where great Auffidius lies. 1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s
F-romena 92, | would faine be so directed as I might. . finde
him out. A/od, Can you direct me to the nearest railway
station ?
te. zutr. for ref. To point. Obs.
1665 Hooke Jicrogr, 205 Little white brisles whose points
all directed backwards, 1723 Cuambers tr. Le Clerc's
Treat. Archit. 1. 64 Care..taken that..each Plume direct
to its Origin,
5. ¢rans. To regulate the course of; to guide,
conduct, lead; to guide with advice, to advise.
1559 W. Cunnincuam Cosmogr. Glasse 11 Directe thy
Chariot in a meane, clymbe thou not to hye. 1581 Perri
Guazzo's Civ. Conv. uu. (1586) 114b, [He] maketh her the
starre by whose aspect he doth direct all his doings. 1585
T. Wasuincton tr. Nicholay’s Voy. 1. xv. 16b, Having
prepared a frigat to direct us. 1596 Suaks. A/erch. Vu.
vii. 14 Some God direct my iudgement. 1634 Sir T. Her-
BERT Zaz. 5 Sharkes.. are alwayes directed by a little
specled fish, called a pilot fish. 1769 Yunius Lett, xxxv.
162 The choice of your friends has been singularly directed.
1776-81 Gisson Decl. § F. ii. (1875) 440/2 The conscience
of the credulous prince was directed by saints and bishops.
1856 Froupe //ist. Eng. (1858) I. v. 414 He directed, or
attempted to direct, his conduct by the broad rules of what
he thought to be just.
b. Alus. To conduct (a musical performance).
1880 Grove Dict, Alus. 1. 390/1 At the concert which he
had to direct (during the series of 1820), 1893 W. P. Court-
ney in Academy 13 May 413/1 The music... was composed
and directed by Handel. ;
6. To give authoritative instructions to; to ordain,
order, or appoint (a person) ¢o do a thing, (a thing)
to be done.
1598 Suaks. Merry W7 1. ii. 98 Ile first direct my men
what they shall doe with the basket. 1611 — Cyzd. v. v.
280 A feigned Letter..which directed him To seeke her on
the Mountaines. 1632 Litucow 77av. x. 457 He made fast
the doore..as he was directed. 1727 De For Hist, Appar.
iii. (1840) 22 Whether he is ever sent or directed to come.
1747 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. V. 101 The Order of the King in
Council which was directed to be laid before us. 1752 Jonn-
son Rambler No. 200 ? 14 One of the golden precepts of
Pythagoras directs, that ‘a friend should not be hated for
little faults’, 1873 B’xess Bunsen in Hare Lye x87) este
59 The seeming arbiter of war..directed his legions to re-
move from Boulogne. 1891 Laz 7vmes XCIL, 107/1 Finally
the master directed an issue to be tried.
b. zntr. or absol. To give directions; to order,
appoint, ordain,
1655 Dicces Compl. Ambass. 6 Her skill and years was
now to direct... not to be directed, 1700S. L. tr. /xyke’s
Voy. E. Ind. 39 Vhe President is one of the Council, but
cannot direct in any thing of moment without the consent
of the General. 1764 Gotvsm. 7vav. €4 Who can direct,
when all pretend to know? 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. India
Il. v. v. 520 Cast their anchors as chance oy convenience
directed. 1888 Law Times’ Rep. LUX. 165/1 [Yo] be con-
veyed to them as tenants in common, or joint tenants, as
they should direct. : :
¢e. trans. To order, appoint, prescribe (a thing
to be done or carried out).
1816 KreatiInce 7av. (1817) II. 20 On the present occa-
sion, the alcaid..directed a different arrangement. 186;
H. Cox Justit. 1. vii. 81 The House of Commons ha
directed an impeachment against Lord ‘lreasurer Danby.
1833 Law Ref. 11 Q. Bench Div. 591 [The Judge] was of
opinion that the words above mentioned were privileged...
and directed a nonsuit. :
+d. To prescribe (medically). Ods.
1754-64 SmeLuie Midwif III. 77, I directed some The-
baick drops. ‘ P ;
7. Astrol. To calculate the arc of direction of (a
significator) : see DIRECTION Io.
1819 Jas. Witson Compl. Dict. Astrol, s.v. Directions,
Problem 1st.—To direct the Sun when not more than, 2?
distant from the cusp of the mid-heaven to any conjunction
or aspect... Problem 7th.—To direct a significator with
latitude to any conjunction or aspect.
+ B. Examples of direct as pa.pple. = DirEcrED.
(Cf, also next.) Ods,
¢1386 CHaucer Max of Law's T. 650 Another lettre
wroght ful synfully, Vn to the kyng direct of this mateere.
€1392 — Compl. Venus 75 Pryncesse, resceyvepe pis com-
playnt in gree Vn to youre excellent benignytee Dyrect.
1423 Jas. 1 Aingis Q. |xii, The ditee there I maid Direct to
hire that was my hertis quene, ¢1450 tr. De Jimitatione
ut. Ixiv, ‘To be are myn eyen dyrecte, my god, fader of
mercies, 1503 Hawes Examp, Virt. vu. 126 Thrugh
whome his subgectes be dyrect. 1512 Act 4 Hen. V/11,
E DIRECT.
. 4 $1 One writte of proclamacion to be to the
Shivif of the Countie. 1567 Satir. Poems Re ~ (1890)
vi. (tit/e), Ane Exhortation derect to my Regent.
Direct (direkt, dai-), a. and adv. Also 4-6
dy-, directe, 6 derect. [prob. a. F. dérect (13th
c. in Godef. or = Pr. direct, It. diretto, Sp.
derecho right, ad. L. direct-us (dérectus), pa. pple.
of dirigére, dérigére: see Dixxcrv. The pa. 7
was used as a simple adj. already in Latin. For
the strictly ppl. use in Eng. see after prec. vb.]
. adj.
1. In reference to space: Straight; undeviating
in course ; not circuitous or crooked.
[139 : see c.]
Hatt Chron., Hen. IV 13 The confederates .. toke
the directe way ..toward Windsor. 1 CunnINGHAM
Cosmogr. Glasse 60 The directe di ¢ from Por
to Barwicke, is 330. miles. 1699 Damrier Voy. II. iii. 10
Being the directest Course they can steer for Barbadoes.
1748 Relat. Eartha. Lima 40 The Streets are in a direct
Line, and of a convenient Breadth. 1751 Jounson Rambler
No. 142 P1 We turned often from the direct road to please
ourselves with the view. 1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales 11.
9 I soon left the horseroad, and took a direct line over
lack heathery hills. 1874 Mortey Com/fromtise (1886) 1
To consider in a short and direct way, some of the limits
that are set [etc.].
b. Of rays, etc.: Proceeding or coming straight
from their source, without reflexion, refraction,
or interference of any kind. Of a shot: That
travels to the point which it strikes without rico-
cheting, or touching any intermediate object.
So Direct vision, vision by unrefracted and unreflected
rays; direct-vision spectroscope, one in which direct vision
is used. Died teak taurinh applied to a boiler, etc. from
which the hot air and smoke pass off in a single direct flue,
instead of circuitously to economize the heat.
1706 Puittips \ed. Kersey), Direct Ray (in Opticks) is the
Ray which is carry'’d from a Point of the Visible Object
directly to the Eye, through one and the same Medium.
lbid., Direct Vision is when the Rays of Light come from
the Object directly to the Eye. 1839 T. Beate Nat. //ist.
Sperm Whale 156 Under the direct rays of a tropical sun.
1 Mrs. Somervitte Connect. Phys. Sc. xxvi. 277 Places
sheltered from the direct rays of the sun. 1876 Cafad. Sc.
App. S. Kens. Mus. § 1802 The instrument .. may be used
as a small direct vision spectroscope. 1890 Daily News 2t
Aug. 3/2 The target was examined, when it was found that it
was a direct hit... The 1st Midlothian got a direct at first shot.
te. phr. Zn direct of: in a straight line with.
1391 Cuaucer Astro. u. § 44 Loke where the same
planet is wreten in the hede of thy tabele, and than loke
what pou findest in directe of the same 3ere of owre lord
wyche is passid. /ééd., Wryte bat pou findest in directe of
the same planete pat pou worchyst fore.
2. Moving, proceeding, or situated at right angles
or perpendicularly to a given surface, etc.; not
oblique.
1563 W. Futxe Meteors (1640) 4b, In places where the
beames are cast indirectly and obliquely, and that where
they are not too nigh to the direct beames, nor too far off
from them, there is a moderate heate.
Sir T. Browne Hydriot. (1736) 50 Some of them are..
1658 DuGpALe in |
‘Twenty Feet in direct Height from the Level whereon they |
stand. 1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blam's Trav. 322 Ships
cannot enter it without a direct wind. 1700S. L. tr. Fryhe's
Voy. into E. I. 350 We hoisted up Sail all together, with a
direct Wind for us at S.E. P eee
b. Of the sphere: Having the pole coinciding
with the zenith (faral/el sphere), or lying on the
horizon (sight sphere); not oblique. Of a sun-
dial: Facing straight to one of the four cardinal
points ; not declined.
1659 D. Pett /mpr. Sea To Rdr. Dvb, note, They are
like a direct North Dial,that hath but morning and evenin;
hours on it. x Moxon Mech. Exerc. 310 Of Dya
Planes some be Direct, others Decliners, others Oblique.
pl Cuampers Cyc? s. v. Dial, Dials which respect the
cardinal points of the horizon, are called direct dials ..
North Dial or erect direct north Dial, is that described on
the surface of the prime vertical looking northward.
c. Mil. Applied to a battery, etc. whose fire is
perpendicular to the line of works attacked.
1851 J. S. Macautay Field Forti/. 8 The defence is called
direct when the flanking line is perpendicular to the line
flanked ; when not perpendicular, it is termed obdigne.
d. Mech. (see quot.).
1879 Tuomson & Tart Nat, Phil. 1. 1. § 111 When a body
rolls and spins on another body, the trace of either on the
other is the curved or straight line along which it is suc-
cessively touched. If the instantaneous axis is in the
normal plane perpendicular to the traces, the rolling is
called rasa een cial ta dal ie
e. St, t ue: see quot.
- ae “4 ‘Those Ciiscabohedvenal in
gebraical iy greater than the
1895
1878 Gurney Crystallogr. 6:
whieh the cel iooee fs al
equal indices are called direct. TORY- MASKELYNE
Crystallogr. 141 and 312.
3. Astron. Of the motion of a planet, etc. : Pro-
ceeding in the order of the zodiacal signs, in the
same direction as the sun in the ecliptic, ic. from
west to east; also said of the body so moving.
Opposed to retrograde.
¢1391 Cuaucer Astrol. 1. § 35 a is the work-
inge of the conclusioun, to knowe yif that any planete be
directe or reti le. /bid., Yif so be pat this planete be
b tshimahr = ide .. thanne is he retrograde & yif he be on
the west side, than is he directe. 1700 DryDEN Fables,
Palamon & Arc. U1. 616 Lt emer were dis-
played ., a warrior and a One when and one
when retrograde. 1736 tr. Gregory's Astron. 1. WW. 453
After the Planet which is to the Sun, has pass’d the
Station at d, it becomes direct again. 1786-7 Box-
NYCASTLE Astron. 419 A planet is said to be direct, when it
ing tO the order of the signs, 1837 Penny
Cycl. 1X. 14 The of these celestial motions 1s alway
from west to east, which is the direct course.
4. Of relations of time, order, succession, etc.,
a. gen.
1494 Fanyan Chron. v. Ixxvi. 54, I shal .. sette theym in
suche a direct ordre, that it be apparant to the Reder.
b. Of succession: Proceeding in an unbroken line
from father to son, or the converse; lineal, as
opposed to collateral; as a direct heir or ancestor.
1548 Hatt Chron:, Hen. IV, 21b, Edmonde Mortimer ..
then next and direct heire of England and of Fraunce.
1600 E. Biounr tr. Conestaggio 117 The last King of
Portugall, in whom ended the direct masculine line. a 1661
Futter Worthies, Warwicksh, (1662) 126 Sir James Drax,
a direct descendant from the Heirs male. 1727-51 CHAMBERS
Cycl. s.v. Direct, The heirs in a direct line always precede
those in the collateral lines. =
ce. Logic. Proceeding from antecedent to conse-
quent, from cause to effect, etc.; uninterrupted,
immediate.
1828 Wuatety Rhetoric in Encycl. Metrop. 258/1 Either
Direct or Indirect Reasoning being employed indifferently
for Refutation as well as for any other purpose. 1864
Bowen Logic viii. 243 In the other Figures, there are two
indifferent Conclusions, neither of which is more direct or
immediate than the others. 1891 WeLTon Logic I. 1W. iv.
422 Reduction is direct when the original conclusion is
deduced from premises derived from those given. /&/d.
426 This indirect process is not reduction in the same sense
as the direct method is.
d. Math. Following the simple or natural order:
opposed to zverse: see quots.
1594 Biunpevit £-rerc. 1. xi. (ed. 7) 33 Working by the
common or direct Rule of Three. 1727-51 CHAMBERS
Cycl. s.v. Direct. 180 Hutton Course Math. 1. 44 The
Rule of Three Direct is that in which more requires more,
or less requires less. 1807 /é/d. II. 279 ‘The Direct and
Inverse Method of Fluxions .. the direct method .. consists
in finding the fluxion of any proposed fluent or flowing
boop ; and the inverse method, which consists in finding
the fluent of any proposed fluxion. 1839 G. Biro Naz,
Philos. 64 In the direct ratio of the arms of the lever.
e. Direct opposite or contrary: that which is |
in the same straight or vertical line on the oppo-
site side of the centre; that which is absolutely or
ey contrary.
1786 Burke W’. Hastings Wks, 1842 II. 173 He had not
scrupled to assert the direct contrary of the positions by
him maintained. 1875 Jowett //a/o (ed. 2) I. 482 Is not
this the direct contrary of what was admitted before?
f. Music. Opposed to inverted (of intervals,
etc.), or to contrary (of motion).
1828 Wesster s.v., In A/usic, a direct interval is that
which forms any kind of harmony on the fundamental
sound which produces it; as the fifth, major third, and
octave. 31864 — Direct chord (Mus.), one in which the
fundamental tone is the lowest. Macrarren //ar-
mony ii. 50 The augmented sth, which stands between the
mediant and the leading note in a minor key, is always
dissonant, in whatever position it occurs, whether direct
or inverted. 1880 Grove Dict. Mus. 1. 448 Direct Motion
is the progression of parts or voices in a sumilar direction.
5. That goes straight to, or bears straight upon,
the point, without circumlocution or ambiguity ;
straightforward.
1530 Patscr. 387 ‘To serve you’ maketh a dyrecte an-
swere to the questyon. 15§3§ CoverpaLe Job xxxviii. 3,
I will question the, se thou geue me a dyrecte answere.
1589 Purrennam Eng. Poesie m. xix. (Arb.) 238 Which had
bene the directer speech and more apert. 1600 SHaks.
A. Y.L..v. iv. go, I durst go no further then the lye cir-
cumstantial ; nor he durst not re me the lye direct. x
Honses Leviath. ui. xviii. 93 If the Soveraign Power ..
not in direct termes renounced. 1 Rosertson //ist,
Scot. I. 1v. 308 No direct evidence as yet
against Bothwell. 1849 Macautay /7ist, Eng. 11.114 They
ventured to bring direct charges against the Treasurer.
1888 R, Kirtino Yale Jr. Hills (1891) 245 This was at once
a gross insult and a direct lie.
b. Straightforward in manner or conduct; up-
right, downright.
and in the
hb Sent. e 8) 1, Puds
Wits wet cesenseanthoet =: kemenel a aati
intervening ; immediate.
ngys Saat Leerch: For. 5 age ‘Thad by dinect, ao ios
ona Chine 1601 —
direct Kno with-
1805 Foster
| steam-engines on board the steam-vessels of the Royal Navy.
| direct-action pumping engine on a new system for the Paris
. DIRECT.
Ess. 1. ii. 29 per any ope with a few. 1820
Scoressy Acc. Arctic Reg. 11. 356 fisher is liable to re-
direct blows from its fins or tail. 1860 Ruskin Mod.
a fact; or a direct statement of opinion of
speaker. /did. 333 A direct question (or
in the indicative mood.
e. Biol, Of cell-division : Effected without the
formation of nuclear figures ; amitotic.
1888 Rotteston & Jackson Anim. Life Introd. 22 The
division of the protopl is preceded or panied
division of the nucleus. The process may be direct or ;
amitotic, the nucleus simply elongating, being split by ;
a constriction.
a. Direct action, action which takes effect with-
out intermediate instrumentality.
Direct-action or direct-acting Lara grt one in which
the piston-rod or cross-head acts directly upon the crank
without the intervention of a working-beam.
Direct-acting or direct-action pump: a steam-pump in
which the steam-piston and the pump-piston are con:
by a straight piston rod, without intervening crank.
trBqa Penny Cycl. XXII. 507/1 [It] effects the direct con-
nection of the piston with the crank. did. 5307/2 are
of direct connection.) 1843 Proc. Just. Civil Engin. 11. 69
The comparatively recent introduction of direct-action
1857 CuamBers /nformation 1. 396 The best simplest
form of direct-acting engine is that known as the oscillating.
1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. 1. 356/1 (Westinghouse-brake)
A small but powerful direct-acting steam-engine .. operates
the air-pump. /éid. 705 In Napier’s direct-action steam-
engine, the beam is retained, but only for the purpose of
working the pumps. 1878 Proc. /nst. Civil Engin. LILI.
98 (ttle) Direct Acting or Non-Rotative Penges Kaas
and Pumps. /é/d. 364 The construction the second
waterworks at St. Maur. :
e. Direct tax: one levied immediately upon the
persons who are to bear the burden, as opposed to
indirect taxes levied upon commodities, of which
the price is thereby increased, so that the persons
on whom the incidence ultimately falls pay indi-
rectlya eh agra of taxation included in the price
of the article. So direct rate, rating, taxation, etc.
The chief direct taxes in Great Britain are the Income and
Property Taxes; local and municipal rates are also examples
—— — WN. v. ti (1865) 11 ‘There
T DAM SMITH . ~vVnd « 442 are..
ene dimereet circumstances which render the interest of
money a much less proper subject of direct taxation than
the rent of land. # oy A. Hamicton Wes. (1886) VIL. 192
There is, perhaps, no item in the of our taxes
which has been more un; lar than that which is called
the direct tax. 1802 M. Cutter in Life (1888) Il. 65 There
are two objects in view—one is to attack the funded debt,
is ..
of proportion to the quanti oft money
the Exchequer. Daily News
lways out
13 Feb. s/s Having
after batt:
fabricated a pM Ta test for
House did the same for guardians
B. adv. =Dinectiy.
And
Fooles Bolt 14 Saying grace in mentall wise,
direct before hte
eat whicks ented Sta tomemats. A e down
Cuesterr. Lett, 1. xcix. 277 You
1674 Piayrorp Skil? Mus. 1. xi.
the end of a Line, and serves to
x
' DIRECTABLE.
first Note on the next Line. 1880 Grove Dict. Mus. 1. 448/2
Direct, a mark (w) to be found in music up to the present
century. .like the catchword at the foot of a page.
+8. In direct of: see Direct a. 1c.
Dire'ctable, z. Also -ible. [f. Direct v. +
-ABLE.] Capable of being directed.
1884 Pall Mall G. 25 Aug.2/t No argument..would have
persuaded .. the spectators that I had not guided with
singular expertness my directable balloon. — 1884 Cosmmer-
cial Advert. (N. Y.), Once the principle of directible bal-
looning is discovered.
Directed, #//. a. [f. Dinecr v. + -Ep1.]
Aimed, addressed, guided, etc. : see the vb.
1598 Frorio, Diretto..directed or adrest. 1727 Philip
ae 93 The Coach was arriv'd to the directed Place. 1855
AcAULAY /ist. Eng. III. 236 The Dartmouth poured on
them a well directed broadside. 1891 Daily News 6 May
5/6 To create and maintain a large amount of organized and
directed activity within the limits of his large diocese.
Hence + Dire'ctedly adv. Ods., directly.
1539 Tonstatt Sern. Palm Sund, (1823) 49 We shuld
put an other foundation of the churche than Christe, whyche
1s dyrectedly agaynst saint Paule. a 1641 Bre. Mountacu
Acts and Mon, (1642) 277 Directedly intending for his
owne advancement.
Directer, -ible: see DirecTor, -ABLE.
Dire'cting, 24/. sd. [f. Direcr v. + -1NG1,]
The action of the verb Direct (q.v.) ; direction (in
various senses).
1530 Patscr. 213/2 Directyng, adresse. 1559 CUNNINGHAM
Cosmogr. Glasse 161 As touchinge the directing of anye
shippe. 1632 Star Chamb. Cases (Camden) 97 ‘The coun-
tenancing of causes and directing of juries. 1751 LaBetye
Westm. Br. 66 The Directing the Persons concerned therein,
was committed to one Person only, 1890 G, B. SHaw
Fabian Ess. Socialism 119 ‘The ‘directing’ of companies
and the pat ig of nitrog Volunteer Colonels.
Directing, 7//. a. [-1nG?.] That directs;
see the verb.
1588 J. Metis Briefe Instruct. G viij, Aboue the direct-
ing line. 1670 Devout Conanun. (1688) 69 Some beams of
thy directing consolatory light. 1719 De For Crusoe (1840)
I. xv. 259 A secret directing Providence. 1889 S/ectator
19 Oct., That is the true end of arranging work, and it is
one which the directing classes do not forget when arrang-
ing work for themselves. i
. spec. directing-circle, a circle made of two
hoops, one within the other, to guide sappers in
the making of gabions; directing-plane (/¢7sf.),
a plane passing through the point of sight parallel
to the plane of the picture; directing-point
(Persp.), the point at which any original line
meets the directing plane (Gwilt Avch. Gloss. 1876);
directing-post, a finger-post on a road.
185r J.S. Macautay Field Fortif. 66 The directing circle
is then laid on a level piece of ground, and seven, eight, or
nine pickets are driven at equal distances apart, between
the hoops. er Directing plane, point [see Director 3f).
1876 Harpy Lthelberta (1890) 28 Reaching the directing-
post where the road branched into two, she paused.
Direction (dire'kfon, dai-). [a. L. direction-
em, n. of action from dirég-éve to Direct; cf. F.
direction, 15th c. in Hatz.-Darm., possibly the
immediate source in some senses.]
1. The action or function of directing: a. of
pointing or aiming anything straight towards a
mark; b. of putting or keeping in the right way
or course; guidance, conduct; ¢. of instructing
how to proceed or act aright; authoritative guid-
ance, instruction; d. of keeping in right order;
management, administration.
1s09 Hawes Past. Pleas. xxiv. xiii, She [nature] werketh
upon all wonderly .. In sondry wyse by great dyreccyon,
1568 GraFrton Chron. II. 138 Which thing was shewed unto
the kinges counsaile, by whose direction, the matter was
committed unto Sir Philip Basset. 1604 Suaxs. Oth. nu.
iii. 128 He is a Souldier, fit to stand by Caesar And giue
direction. 1618 Rateicu in Four C. Eng. Lett. 38 Where
without any direccion from me, a Spanish village was burnt.
1659 B. Harris Parival’s Iron Age 109 Father Arnout,
who was preferred by the Duke of Luynes, to the direction
of the [King’s] Conscience. 1662 J. Davirs tr. Olearius’
Voy. Ambass, 36 The Steeples give a great direction to the
Ships that sail that way. .1689-92 Locke Yoleration m. ii.
Wks, 1727 II. 324 Their want of Knowledge during their
Nonnage, makes them want Direction. @1719 Br. Smat-
RIDGE (J.), The direction of good works to a good end.
A, Dickson Treat. Agric. (ed. 2) 217 He may use one
of his hands when necessary for the direction of the horses. .
1801 Strutt Sports § Past. u. i. 60 [No] such precision...
in the direction of the arrows. 1828 Scorr /. M. Perth
xxxii, Who shall wha 2 the head by whose direction the
act was done? 1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. (1858) I. v. 422
The French prince followed the direction of his wiser
instincts. 1863 Geo. Extor Romola u. ix, She felt the need
of direction even in small things,
+2. Capacity fordirecting; administrative faculty.
_ 1585 J. B. tr. Viret's Sch. Beastes Avij, Because of their
industrie .. and of that prudence and direction that they
have. 1594 Suaxs. Rich, //7, v. iii. 16 Call for some men
of sound direction. 1636 Massincer Bashf. Lover u. iv,
The enemy must say we were not wanting In courage or
direction.
3. The office of a director; a body of directors ;
= DIRECTORATE.
_ 4710 Steete Tatler No. 206 » 2 We met a Fellow who
is a Lower Officer where Jack is in the Direction. 1977
Smotietr Humph., Cl. (1815) 225 A friend. .will recommend
ou to the direction. 1 THackErAy Wewcomes 1. 62,
will ask some of the Direction. 1878 F. S. Wittiams
391
Midl. Railw. 124 Resignation by Mr. Hudson of his posi-
tion on the direction.
b. Mus. The office or function of the conductor
of an orchestra or choir: see Direct v. 5 b.
+4. Orderly arrangement or disposition of mat-
ters; arranged or ordered course ; arrangement,
order, Chiefly in 40 ¢ake or set direction. Obs.
1407 Mann. §& Househ. Exp. 173 3eff ther be any dereke-
syon take at thes kowensel for the Kinges goenge. 1475
Plumpton Corr. 33 He shall see such a derection betwixt
his brother Gascoin & you, as shalbe to your harts ease
& worship. 1494 Fanyan Chron. vit. 491 The whiche vari-
aunce to apese the Kynge toke therein some payne, but no
direccion he myghte set therein, so that the saide duke &
sir John deperted with wordes of diffiaunce. 1, Hatt
Chron., Hen. VITT, 14/b, And there remained at the kynges
charge, til other direccion was taken for theim.
5. with @ and g/.: An instruction how to proceed
or act ; an order to be carried out, a precept.
1576 FLeminc Panopl, Efist. 257, 1 set downe directions
and precepts, how you should order and dispose your
studies. 1654 WHITLOCK Zootomia 129 He .. took little or
nothing but by the Doctors directions. 1722 De For
Plague (1754) 10, I desire this Account may pass with the
rather for a Direction to themselves to act by. 180 Strutr
Sports & Past. Introd. 24 The stage direction then requires
the entry of Two men. 1845 H. J. Rose in Excycl. Aletrop.
II, 897/1 His [Christ's] direction in the case of an offending
brother, ‘tell it to the Church’..would be unintelligible, if
there were no visible Church. 1854 J. S. C. Ansorr Nafo-
deon (1855) II. xxx. 569 His instructions contained the
following directions.
b. Instruction how to go to a place.
1596 Spenser /. Q. vi. i, 6 Withouten guyde Or good
direction how to enter in. 1749 Fietpinc 7om Yones xvi.
x, Fitzpatrick .. was inquiring in the street after his wife,
and had just received directions to the door, 1762 GotpsM.
Cit, W. ciii, 1..beg of you to provide him with proper
directions for finding me in London.
6. The action of directing or addressing a letter,
or the like. +b. The dedication or address of a
writing (ods.). ¢@. The superscription or address
upon a letter or parcel sent, indicating for whom
it is intended, and where it is to be taken; the
name of the place at which letters for a particular
person are to be delivered; =AppREsS 5, 7. d.
U.S. Law. ‘In equity pleading, that part of
the bill containing the address to the court’ (Cent.
Dict.). (Called in England the address. )
1524 Wotsey Let. to Dacres 24 Apr. in M. A. E. Wood Lets.
Iilustr, Ladies (1846) I. 315 It was folded in the said paper,
without direction to any person, and sealed semblably with
a letter of a contrary tenor. 1586 A. Day Lng. Secretary 1.
(2625) 4 That it [a writing] containe not base .. or scurrile
matter, unbeseeming a direction so worthy. /é/d. 1. 16 ‘The
directions, which on the outside of every Letter. .are always
fixed, and commonly are termed by the name of Super-
scriptions, 1663 Cus. II, in Cartwright Madame Henri-
etta (1894) 138 A little booke .. by the derections you will
see where ’tis to be had. 1718 Lapy M. W. Montacu Let.
to C’tess Mar 10 Mar., I have received..that short note..
in which you .. promise me a direction for the place you
stay in. 1749 Fiecpinc Yowe Fones xu. ii, The proper
direction to him was, Jo Dr. Misaubin in the World.
1786 Burns Let. to W. Chalmers 27 Dec., My direction is
—care of Andrew Bruce, merchant, Bridge-street. 1840
CrouGcu Amours de Voy. v. vii, Has he not written to you?
—he did not know your direction. 1886 NV. & Q. 7th Ser.
II. 425/1 These letters .. retain their directions .. and bear
the postmarks of the period.
me vi Disposition, turn of mind. Ods. rare.
1642 Life Dk. Buckhm. in Select, Harl. Misc. (1793) 286
His religious lady, of sweet and noble direction.
+8. Direct motion (of a planet): see Direct a.
3. Obs. rare.
1658 Puiturs, Direction, a Planet is said direct, when it
moveth in its natural course according to the direction of
the Signs. 1727-5: Cuampers Cycl., Direction, in as-
tronomy, the motion, and other phwnomena, of a planet,
when direct. 1790 Sisty Asérol. (1792) I. 147 Direction
signifies a planet moving on in its natural course from
west to east. 5
9..The particular course or line pursued by any
moving body, as defined by the part or region of
space, point of the compass, or other fixed or known
point, towards which it is directed; the relative
point towards which one moves, turns the face, the
mind, etc.; the line towards any point or region in
its relation to other lines taken as known.
Angle of d., line of d.: see quots. 1706, 1727.
1665 Hooxe Microgr. 100 The undulating pulse is .. at
right angles with the Ray or Line of direction. 1706
CrarkE Attrib, God ix, (R.), The direction of all their [the
planets’] progressive motions .. from the west to the east.
1706 Puitiips (ed. Kersey), Line of Direction (in Mechan.)
is the Line of Motion that any natural body observes
according to the Force impre: upon it. 1727-5r CHAM-
BERS Cyci, s. v., Argle of Direction, in mechanics, is that
comprehended between the lines of direction of two con-
spiring powers. 1756 C, Lucas Ess. Waters 11. 47 The
tides .. move it in two different directions four times in the
natural day. 1756 Burke Subd. § B. m1. xv, Their parts
never continue long in the same right line. They vary
their direction every moment. 1834 Mepwin Angler in
Wales I. 103 The trout were darting about in all direc-
tions. 1842 Grove Corr. Phys. Forces 70 The direction of
this rotation is changed by changing the direction of the
magnetic force. 1878 Hux.tey Physiogr. 6 These terms—
north and south, east and west. .indicate definite directions.
1879 Tuomson & ‘Tarr Nat. Phil. 1. 1. § 218 The direction
of a force is the line in which it acts. If the place of appli-
cation of a force be regarded as a point, a line through that
, See -IVE.
DIRECTIVE.
past in the direction in which the force tends to move the
jody, is the direction of the force. J/od. Tell me in what
direction to 100k. He has gone in the direction of Warwick.
In what direction is Versailles from Paris ?
b. fig. in reference to a course of action or the
like, viewed as motion.
1752 Jounson Rambler No, 206 ? 3 A Man, actuated at
once by different desires, must move in a direction peculiar
to himself. ¢1790 WitLock Voy, 306 Of late. . politics have
taken a new direction, 1830 D’Israrti Chas. /, III. i. 5‘ Too
often the impulse which sprang from a public source, took
the direction of a private end. 1874 Green Short Hist. vi.
§ 4. 308 Efforts. .in the direction of educational and religious
reform. 1875 Jowerr Pato (ed. 2) 1V. 519 New directions
of enquiry.
10. Astro/. (See quots.)
1706 Puittirs (ed. Kersey). 1727-51 Cuampers Cyc/., Di-
rection. .is a kind of calculus, whereby they pretend to find
the time wherein any notable accident shall befal the person
whose horoscope is drawn. 1819 Jas. Witson Com/l. Dict.
Astro. s.v., Primary directions are arithmetical calculations
of the time of events caused by the significator forming con-
iunctions, or aspects, with the places of promittors. /é7d.,
‘The distance of the place of a significator in a nativity from
the place hg must arrive at before he can form the aspect...
is called the arc of direction.
Ll. atértb. and Comb., as direction-giver, -paper ;
direction cosines, the cosines of the angles which
a given direction makes with the three axes of co-
ordinates in space; direction-post, a finger-post
at the branching of a road, a directing post ;
direction-ratio, the ratio of one of the oblique co-
ordinates of a point to the distance of the point
from the origin; direction-word =CarcHworD 1,
15gt Suaks. 720 Gent. ut, ii. go Sweet Protheus, my di-
recuon-giuer, Let us into the City presently. 1706 Puituirs
(ed. Kersey), Direction-qword..a Word set at the bottom of
a Page directing or shewing the first word of the next page.
1769 FRANKLIN Leff, Wks. 1887 1V. 233 Enclosed is his di-
rection-paper for opening and fixing it. 1844 Dickens J/art.
Chuz. ii, A direction-post, which is always telling the way
toa place, 186x Mitt UVézét. ii. 35 Vo inform a traveller...
is not to forbid the use of direction-posts on the way.
Hence Dire‘ctionism, the theory of a directing
power underlying the material forces of the universe;
Dire‘ctionless a., void of aim or direction.
1860 Ruskin Mod, Paint. V. v1. iv. § 8 An aspen or elm
leaf is thin, tremulous, and directionless, compared with
the spear-like setting and firm substance of a rhododendron
or laurel leaf. 1873 PATER Renaissance viii. 190 ‘Lhe eyes
are wide and directionless, not fixing anything with their
gaze. 1894 A/onth June 281 He... supposes a_ power
underlying the whole, which he calls ‘directionism’; as an
antagonistic view to that of mere materialism.
Directional (dire'kfonal), @. [f. prec. + -au.]
+1. Serving for direction or guidance: see
quot. Obs.
1612 SturTEVANT Metallica (1854) 67 Directional is that
moddle which is made only to guide the Artificer in the
dimensions of all the parts, as also for to direct them for the
kinds of the matter and the stuffe .. to make the engin in-
tended.
2. Of or relating to direction in space.
188r Maxwe et Electr. & Magn, 11. 168 These directional
relations, 1881 SporriswooveE in Na/uze No. 623. 546 There
is a dissymmetry at the two ends or ‘terminals’ of a battery
..or other source of electricity, implying a directional
character either in that which is transmitted, or in the mode
of its transmission.
3. Alg. Directional coefficient (of an imaginary
quantity), the quotient obtained by dividing the
quantity by its modulus.
Hence Directionally adv., with respect to
direction.
1879 ‘T'Homson & Tarr Nat, Phil. 1. 1. § 107 A fixed ring
in space (directionally fixed, that is to say, but having the
same translational motion as the earth’s centre).
+ Dire-ctitude. Ods. Humorous blunder, used
apparently for wrong or discredit.
1607 Suaks. Cor. 1v. v. 222 Which Friends sir, durst not..
shew themselues. .his Friends, whilest he’s in Directitude.
Directive (dire*ktiv, dai-), a. (sb.) [ad. med.L.
directiv-us, £, direct- ppl. stem of dirigére to direct :
In F. divectif, -2ve (13-14th c.), Sp. and
Pg. directivo, It. direttivo ‘ having or giving direc-
tion vnto, directiue’ (Florio 1598).]
1. Having the quality or function of directing,
authoritatively guiding, or ruling : see Direct vz.
1594 Hooker Ecc?, Pol. 1. viii. (1611) 18 A law therefore
generally taken, is a directiue rule vnto goodnesse of oper-
ation. 1614 RaceiGH Hist. World u, 245 ‘Vo the power Di-
rective they ought to be subject. 1659 Pearson Creed (1839)
414 The .. directive conscience tells us what we are to do,
and the subsequent or reflexive conscience warns us what
we are to receive, 1712 BerkeLey Passive Obed. § 7 Laws
being rules directive of our actions, 1729 Savace Wanderer
v. 656 No friendly stars directive beams display. 1853 M.
Ke ty tr. Gosselin’s Power Pope 11. 364 The directive power
ofthe Church. 1861 Mitt U#z7/t. ii. 16 Utility or Happiness,
considered as the directive rule of human conduct.
+b. Zaw. =Drirectory a. b. Obs.
1610 Br. CARLETON Jurisd. 166 His meaning is by lawes
directiue .. that Princes haue no coactiue power ouer the
Clergie but onely power directiue. @ 1649 WintHRop New
Eng. (1826) II, 205 There is a threefold power of magis-
tratical authority, viz. legislative, judicial, and consultative
or directive of the public affairs of the country. 1698 R.
Fercuson View Eccles. 30 He fulfilled the Directive Part
of the Law..he likewise underwent the Penalty of it.
2. Having the quality, function, or power of
DIRECTLY.
directing motion; causing something to take a
particular direction in space,
(Used Pas poe of the force by which a magnet takes
a north direction.)
1625 N. Carpenter Geog. Det, 1. iii. (1635) 44 The ine
Directiue, by which a needle touched with the M
directs and conformes it selfe North and South. 1667 hal,
i faceroed II. 437 ™ Verticity or Directive faculty of the
Loadstone. 1794S. Wituiams Vermont 377 The directive
wer of the magnet. 1842-3 Grove Corr. Phys. Forces 65
Peis. -directive, not motive, altering the direction of other
forces, but not. -initiating them. 1881 MAxwe tt Llectr. &
Magn. II. 70 The directive action of the earth’s magnetism
on the compass needle.
+ 3. Subject to direction. Obs. rare. .
1606 Suaks. 77. & Cr. 1. iii. 356 Limbes are his instruments,
In no lesse working, then are Swords and Bowes Directive
by the Limbes,
Pigg sb. That which directs. Ods.
Rocers Naaman To Rdr. § 2 That directive of
sae le, and freedome of pure will that kept him. 1654
Z. Coxe Logick (1657) 35 Spirituall Vertue. .is..the com-
mon directive of all other vertues.
Hence Dire'ctively adv., in a directive manner,
so as to direct or guide; Dire’ctiveness, the
quality of being directive.
1642 Mitton Observ. his Majesty's late Answ. & Ex-
presses 44 Those .. that allow humane Laws to obleage
Kings more then directively, 7653. Baxter Chr. Concord
79 Ifa Presbyter may not Govern directively, then he may
not Teach. 1710 Norris Chr. Prud. ii. 74 Prudence..
actually directs and conducts men in the management of
themselves ..and this actual Directiveness is of the very
essence of Prudence. 1858 Busunett Serm. New Life 374
God will co-work .. directively in all the great struggles of
believi ing souls.
Directly (direktli), adv. [f. Direcr a. + -Ly2.]
In a direct manner or way,
1. In a straight line of motion; with undeviat-
ing course; straight.
1513 Mone i in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 800 The king with
Queene Anne his wife, came downe out of the white Hall..
and went directly to the kinges Benche. 1601 Suaks. Ful,
C. iv. i. 32 A Creature that I teach to fight, To winde,
to stop, to run directly on. x Sir T. Browne Hydriot.
(1736) 52 Cutting thro’ one of them either directly or cross-
wise. 1678 Bunyan Pilgrim's Prog. 1.3 Keep that light
in your eye, and fe up directly thereto. 1790 Patey Hore
Paul. Rom. i.g To proceed from Achaia directly by sea to
Syria. 1820Scoressy Acc. Arctic Keg. 1. 304 [It] advanced
directly towards us with a velocity of about three knots.
b. fig. Straightforwardly; pointedly; simply ;
plainly; + correctly, rightly (0és.).
1s09 Hawes Past. Pleas. v. ii, [Grammar] doth us tech
.-Inall good ordre to speke directly. 1513 More in Grafton
Chron. (1568) II. 786 ia woul Id that point should be lesse..
handled, not even fully playne and directly, but touched
a slope craftily. 1568 /éid. 11. 1339 He might firste aske
a question before he aunswered directly to the poynte. 1660
F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 249 Not being able to
discern directly what likenesse they were of. 1711 STEELE
Spect. No. 136 P 3, I never directly defame, but I do what
is as bad. 1791 fase Corr. (1844) III. 274, I asked him
his opinion directly, and without management.
Math. Opposed to znversely.
1743 W. Emerson Doctrine Fluxions m. vii. 274 The
Times of describing any Spaces uniformly are as the Spaces
directly, and the Velocities reciprocally. Hurron
Math. Dict. 1. 384/2 Quantities are said to directly
proportional, when the proportion is according to the order
vethe terms. 1799 Cr. Rumrorp in PAil. Trans. LXXXIX.
= The time taken up..is..as the capacity of the body to
‘receive and retain heat, directly, and as its conducting
power, inversely. Bowen Logic xii. 413 The theory
of gravitation, or the doctrine that every body attracts
every other body with a force which is directly as its mass
and inversely as the square of its distance.
2. At right angles to a surface; perpendicularly;
vertically ; not obliquely.
1559 W. CunNINGHAM Cosmogr. —— Take a quadrant
. and set it directly upright. 1563 Futke Meteors
(164: 0) 4b, In place where the Sunnes beames strike directly
mine the earth, .the heate is so great, that [etc.]. 1665
loaar Microgr. 130 This does shoot or —— directly
downwards. 1698 Frver Acc. E. India § P. 186 Nearer
‘the Equator the Sun and Stars ascend and descend more
directly, but the farther from the E the more obliquely.
1748, P. "Tuomas ¥rud. Anson's Voy. 243 They use a Pencil,
-not obliquely, as our Painters, but directly, as if the
Paper were to be prick’d. Mod. The wind is blowing
directly on shore.
3. Astron. In the order of the signs, from west
to east. See Direct a. 3.
1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. xxu. vi, The bodies above to
have their et In the xii. signes .. Some rethrogarde,
and some dyrect yrectly-
4. Completely, absolutely, entirely, exactly, pre-
cisely, just.
Esp. in directly contrary (see Direct a. 4 €); thence
— to other relations.
= Apol. Loll. 4 1f he .. leuip to wirke, and dob con-
directly. Re. 3 Rolls of Parlt. V. 280 Entendyng to
y togidr
ped direct es with 1583 Srusses Anat,
Abus. ut. (1882) 88 It is most irectly against the word of
God. 1601 Suaks. 7wel. N. ut. iv. 73 This concurres
directly with the Letter. KE dM, 192, I
found one described and Figur'd aod like that whlch
I had by me. 1696 tr. Du Mont's . Levant 219 It
, between the Old
stands directly in the fe ses of the cng.
and New Town. 1720 Swirr Mod. E ucation Wks. 7
IL. 11. 31 In better times it was directly otherwise. 1768
Boswett Corsica (ed. 2) 356 He was directly such a vener-
able hermit as we read of in the old romances. bos Peat
Howrrt F. Bremer’s Greece Ul. ii. 20 The wind ..
directly contrary, 1891 Sir R. V. Wittiams in Law Times*
892
Roh ante 608/2, I find no decision directly in point on
5 Without the intervention of a medium or agent;
immediately ; by a direct or mode.
_— ty Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 165 Seemann or
ediatly, that is to say, without meane, or by some meane,
directly” or indirectly. a@ 1533 Frrru Ws. 147 (R.) Now of
this maior or first tion thus vnderst doth the
conclusion folowe directly. 1651 Hoppers cvtath. 11. xxviii.
163 Corporall Punishment is that, which is inflicted on the
body directly .. such as are stripes or wow 1816
Keatince 7'raz. (1817) I. 58 When the needful does not
come directly out of their pent ase 1860 ‘T'yNDALL Glac.
u. v. 251 The _ cannot ly at the deeper portio:
of the snow. Max Miter Se. YReli (1873) 137 A uni-
versal primeval guage revealed directly by Fei to man.
6. Immediately (in time) ; straightway; at once.
1602 Suaks. Ham. un. ii. 219 ‘And who in want a hollow
friend doth oe. tly seasons him his enemy. 1743
Burxetey & Cummins Voy. S. Seas 18 Sent the Barge
ashore..to see if the Place was inhabited, and to return
aboard directly. 1848 C. Bronte 7. Eyre xxvii, He
sat down: but he did not get leave to speak directly. 188
Biaves Caxton (1882) 230 It was probably put ag ger
directly after if not during the translation. od. I will
come directly. Directly after this, he was taken away.
b. collog. as cong. As soon as, the moment after.
(Elliptical for directly that, as, or when.)
1795 Montford Castle 1. 88 Directly you refused [his]
assistance, a judgement overtook you. 1827 Froupe
Remains (1838) 1. 68, 1 quite forget all my scepticism direct!
I fancy myself the object of their perception. 18:
Newman Profh. Office Ch, 2 But it admits of criticism, ‘and
will become suspected, directly it is accused. 1837 R. B.
Eve Pract. Chem. 74 Iodine and phosphorus combine
directly they come ito contact. 7 Buckie Civiliz.
I. xii. 677 The celebrated work of De Lolme on the English
constitution was suppressed. . directly it appeared.
Directness (dire'ktnés). [f. Drrecra. + -NESS.]
The state or quality of being direct (/¢. and fig.) ;
straightness, straightforwardness, plainness.
1598 Frorio, Diritezza, directnes, straightnes.
Cornwatuis in Gutch Coll. Cur. I. 141 So would he use
much sincerity and directness in the answer. 1668 TempLe 70
Lord Keeper 12 Feb. (Seager), Our alliance, if it be pursued
with the same directness it has been contracted. 1793 Burke
Corr. (1844) 1V. 201 Our politics want directness and sim-
plicity. 1816 Keatince /rav. (1817) II. 48 The directness
of the courses of the rivers. 1852 fax Cocksurn Mem. ii.
(1874) 100 His clear abrupt style imparted a dramatic
directness and vivacity to the scene. 1860 TyNnDALL G/ac. 1.
xiv. 96 An eagle could not swoop upon its prey with more
directness of aim, 1874 Green Short Hist, vii. § 1. 344 His
denunciations of wrong had a prophetic directness fire.
Directo-exe’cutive, a. monce-comb. That
combines directive with executive functions,
1864 H. Spencer //lustr, Univ. Progr. 419 The directo-
executive system of a society (its legislative and defensive
appliances).
Director (dire-kta1). Also 5-7 -our, 6-9
-er (6 Sc. direkkare, direckar). [a. AF. dtrect-
our = F, directeur, ad, L. *director, agent-n. from
dirigére to direct.]
1. One who or that which directs, rules, or guides ;
a guide, a conductor; ‘one that has authority over
others ; a superintendent; one that has the general
management of a design or work’ (J.).
Director-general, a chief or supreme director, having under
him directors or managers of departments.
1477 CAxTONn in Earl Rivers’ Dictes 145 Erle of Ryuyers
lode and directour of the siege apostolique. 1552
1884) 47 To be ledar, techar and
direckar of the same kir! _ Marseck Bk. Notes 741
They use hir [the moon] as the directer of their festiuall
daies. 1594 Hooker Zecé. Pol. 1. (870) 98 It cannot be but
Nature hath some Directer of infinite knowledge to —
her. 1614 RALEIGH Hist. World u. 225 The North
is the most fixed d of the S to his desired
Port. 1660 R. Coxe Power & Subj. 77 The husband is the
director and ruler of his wife. 1746-7 Hervey Medit.
(1818) 78 Whatever thou doest, consult as thy di-
rectors. 1839 Penny Cycl. XV. 467/1 In edhe, Mozart was
appointed director of the archbishop of Salz pg 3 's concerts,
1876 Bancrort //ist. U.S. V. xvi. 526 He was created
director-general of the finances, 1880 Grove Dict, Mus.
I. 412/2 The theatre was turned Frederick Beale into an
h - The was Mr. sige
W. A. Wattace Oni; /a Sister 86 Stabl
in-general of everything. 1891 S. C. Scrivener my Fields
& Cities 135 It is a better knowledge of the effect luced by
inevitable ‘ weather’ that the director of cultivation requires.
b. spec. A member of a board appointed to
direct or manage the affairs of a commercial cor-
poration or company.
wz Sag aa A i aoe of the directors of by ohne
. touching the bloudy proceed
ainst the fog Merchants” -at Am 973
P il. Trans, VILL. 6113 He. .is still one of the chief of
Court of ittees, which a foreigner would call Direc-
tors. 1697 Lond. Gaz. he Hleedson of Twenty foe A Neemmng
Court will be held for the tion of Twent
1711 Appison Sfect. No. 3 ® 1, I looked i into the great pant Hal
where the Bank is is kewe and was not a little to see
the Directors, Secretaries, and Clerks. 1732 Pore Z/.
pecs gsc 117 What made Directors cheat in South-sea
ar? rah Jonson Zler idler rte 29 » 6, I was hired in the
ee Pr pt 182s Scorr ae Dec.
in Lockhart, Went to the Sra court motel the Edin neh f ~
surance Company, to which I am one of those
useless ndages called Directors extraordinary. "ore
Besant ete Rice Gold. mito af vii, Gabriel Casals was
a yg of many compan:
c. spec. A member of the French Aina
1795-9 : see Directory sé. 6.
Asp. Hamitton Catech.
c 1614 |
DIRECTOR.
Riek Casoummo y ait in fet mete (1852) =e
was entrusted to
Penny Cycl. 1X. 1 i The executive
at - Sedge iat ieee ae
tary
departments.
d. Zecl. (chiefly in R. C. Ch.) An ecclesiastic
holding the position of spiritual adviser to some _
particular person or society.
1669 Woopiirap St. Teresa 1. xiii. 80 He will have
need of a Directour, if he can meet with an ex,
fe pug And Relig Soe. | reed
1 os. Woopwarp Relig. Soc. ix. (1701) 133 That an
should be chosen by each
as a confessor . . A
is consulted in ‘ cases of conscience’. -
+e. Mus. =Drrectr sb. 2. Obs.
1597 Mortey /ntrod. Mus. 20 It is called an Judex or
director : for looke in what place it standeth, in that place
doth the first note of the next verse stand. 1667 C. Simpson
Compend, Musick 22 This mark + is set to direct us where
the first Note of the next five Lines doth stand, and is there-
fore called a Directer.
f. A small letter inserted by the scribe for the
direction of the illuminator in the space left for
an illuminated initial.
1881 BLApEs Caxton (1882) 230 Sgr is left at the begin-
ning of the chapters with a tor, for the insertion of 2 to
5-line initials.
+ 2. The dedicator of a book or the like. Ods.
1553 Douglas’ Aineis (1710) <3 Here The Direkkare and
Translatare of this Buke direkkis it.
3. One who or that which causes something to
take a particular direction.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. u. ii. 62 [The] Needle
.. will not hang parallel, but decline at the north extreme,
| and at that part will first salute its Director.
+b. One who aims a missile. Ods. rare.
1632 Litucow. Trav. vil. 300 The best director may mis-
| take his ayme.
e. Surg. A hollow or grooved instrument for
directing the course of a knife or scissors in making
an incision.
vag R, Lower in Phil, Trans. 11. 544 Take it fide Inci-
sion-knife) out, and put in a Director, or a small | made
like it. 1767 Goocu Treat. Wounds 1. 383 Carefully intro-
duce a very small director, to avoid injuring the intestines.
Pcp —_ Expos. Lex., Director. -grooved instrument
or guiding a bistoury, etc. in certain operations.
a “A metallic rod in a non- -conducting handle
connected with one pole of a galvanic pes em for
the pu of transmitting the current to a part
of the body.’ Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883.
1795 Conese Electr. IL. (ed. 4) 122 ‘Each of these instru-
ments, called directors, consists of a knobbed brass
wire. Fry iw Panorama Sc. & Art WU. 267 The other
extremities of the wires must be fastened to the wires of the
instruments YZ, which are called directors. 1846 Joyce
Sci, Dial. xv. 394 (Electricity).
e. An apparatus for directing a t
— Cc. rv cle sep 5 Fibs War
‘Torpedo direct:
~ and fs we
f. Perspective. (See quots.) A
G Archit, Gloss., Director Original
sha tasighe tien pacing encbeas tee ‘afrecting pin ad the
of a spectator. ‘Director o the Eye, the intersection of
the with the directing plane perpendicular to the
nal plane and that of the picture, and hence also per-
panticalas to the directing and vanishing planes.
g. Geom. = Director circle: see below and cf,
Direcrrix 2b.
1852 Gaskin Geom. Constr. Conic Sect. Pref. 6 There are
several remarkable properties of this locus, which, as far as
the author is aware, nane not been hitherto he
has found it con it the ‘director’ of the
conic section, which in the ease of the parabola coincides
with the directrix,
4. attrib. and Comb. director-circle (of a eon
the locus of intersection of tangents at
to each other; so also dérector’- via phere (a
of the second degree); director-plane, a fixed
lane used in describing asurface, analogous to the
line called a Dirgcrrix ; director-tube (= sense
ds) The
“ (ed. 2) oss The
described about a focus of an ellipse ye
radius=major axis. See Taytor Anc. §& Mod. Geom,
Conics (x onan Wea go. (H. T. Gerrans.)
irecter plane. R. Townsenp in —
PrnaN Frnt. Math. VILL. 11 For the paraboloid .. the 4
here opens out into a Ibid, The director
paraboloid.
eo
be .. is the
ver ot toe espe apparatus rough which i
torpedo is fired.
Direrctor, v. nonce-wd. [f. prec. sb.] ¢rans.
Tom fs a director, tes ‘
Pall Mi Another e.. :
=~ ore, which ie ducantowel by Mr. G. B—. “3
DIRECTORAL.
Directoral (direkt6ral), a. rare. [f. as pree.
+ -AL.] Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of a
director; directive, directory.
1874 GiapstoneE in Daily News 10 July 2/5 The business
of law is to prevent and to punish crime, and directoral laws
are comparatively rare. Directoral statates, telling 20,000
clergymen what to do every day of their lives, and how their
congregations are to be led. . must of necessity be exceptional.
Directorate (dire*ktérét), [mod. f. Director:
see -ATE!, Cf. F. dérectorat, 17th c. in Hatz.-
Darm.] a. The office of a director, or of a body
of directors; management by directors. b. concr.
A board of directors.
1837 Cartyte #7. Kev. ILI. vu. viii. (1872) 272 Director-
ates, Consulates, Emperorships..Succeed this business in
due series. 1858 Sat. Rev. V. 31/1 The Directorates of the
Kast India Company and of the Bank of England are the
Garter and the Bath of Commerce, 1861 Suites Engineers
II. 203 Under the joint directorate of the East and West
India Dock Company. 1881 Atheneum 30 Apr. 601/3 The
Musical Union .. under the directorate of M. Lasserre.
1887 7%mes 2 Sept. 8 The successful efforts made .. by the
directorate of the Royal Gardens at Kew.
Directoress : see DrrEcrress,
Directorial (di-, dairektde-rial), a. [f. L. di-
rectort-us (f. *director-em DIRECTOR) + avd
1. Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of a director,
or of direction or authoritative guidance.
1770 W. GuTHRIE Geogr. Gram., Germ. (T.), The em-
perour’s power in the collective body, or the diet, is not
directorial, but executive. 1839 G. S. Faser Husendeth’s
Professed Refut. 37 note, Directorial books .. with which
I conclude Mr. Husenbeth, as a zealous Romish Priest, to
be not altogether unacquainted. :
2. Of or pertaining to a body of directors; sfec.
belonging to the French Directory (see Direcrory
sb. 6).
1797 Burke Regic. Peace 11. Wks. VIII. 342 This object
was to be weighed _—— the directorial conquests. x
Ann, Rev. Il. 93/2, The national institute was establishe
under the directorial government. 1818 Jas. Mitt Byt.
India 1. vy. ix. 706 Copies of all proceedings of Directorial
and Proprietary Courts. 1862 Lp. Broucuam Brit. Const.
y. 69 The Directorial Constitution of 1795 gave one elector
for every two hundred of the Primary Assembly. 1886 Z az
Times UXXX. 150/2 He brought .. charges of misfeasance
in their directorial duties against the two directors.
Hence Directo'rially adv., in a directorial
manner ; according to the principles of the French
Directory.
1839 Fraser's
monarchically ;
the convention,
torially. :
+ Directorian, ¢. Ods. rare—1. [f. as prec.
+ -AN.] Pertaining to or of the nature of a direc-
tory: see DirecTory sé, 2 a.
1661 R. L’Estrance Relapsed Apostate Introd. Biij b,
Your New Liturgy it self, is down-right Directorian.
‘ctorize, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dinecror +
-1zE.] trans. To bring under the authority of a
directory (see Directory sd. 2a).
1651 Ranvotpn, etc. Hey for Honesty ut. vy, There would
be no Presbyters to directorise you. 16539 GAuDEN Jears
of Ch. 609 Undertaking to Directorize, to Unliturgize, to
techize, and to Disciplinize their Brethren.
Dire'ctorship. [f. Direcrorn+-sur.] The
office or position of a director, guiding.
1720 A. Hitt Let. to G. Sewel 3 Sept. Wks. 1753 I. 9
Yourself have much the fairest pretence to the directorship.
1795 Wasuincton Left. Writ. 1892 XIII. 106 ‘The director-
ship of the mint. 1885 Manch. Exam. 12 Aug. 5/4 It is
difficult to associate the idea of a railway directorship with
the authorship of melodious verse.
Directory (direktéri), a [ad. L. divectori-us
that directs, directive, f. *directdr-em DIrEctTor :
see -onY. Cf, obs. F. divectoire (Cotgr.).] Serving
or tending to direct; directive, guiding.
@ 1450 Lypc. Secrees 593 Rewle directorye, set up in a
somme. 1611 Corer., Directoire, directorie, directiue, direct-
ing. 1613 M. Riptey Magn. Bodies 62 ‘The iron barres ..
being. . pp Poa North and South, do receive a polar vertue,
and directory agg 1645 ‘TomBes ARE. ir The
power of Pastors .. being .. not in a compulsory, but a
directory way. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Gov. Eng. 1. xxiv.
(1739) 41 Neither was the .. Sheriff’s work in that Court,
other than directory or declaratory; for the Free-men were
Judges of the fact. 1733 CHEyNE Eug. Malady 1, Introd.
(1734) 4 Having no necessary Connection’ with what is Di-
rectory or Practical. 1838-9 Hatiam Hist. Lit, 111. iv. un.
Peach ans
§ 7.134 In the direct of the 5
b. spec. Applied to that part of the law which
directs what is to be done, esp. to ‘a statute or
part of a statute which operates merely as advice
or direction to the person who is to do something
pointed out, leaving the act or omission not de-
structive of the legality of what is done in disregard
of the direction’.
1692 Wasuincton tr. Milton's Def. Pop. v. (1851) 160 That
Princes were not bound by any Laws, neither Coercive, nor
Directory. 1765-9 BLackStoNe Comm. (T.), Every law may
be said to consist of several parts: one declaratory. .another
directory. 1884 Law 7imes 11 Oct. 383/2 There was no
necessity .. to comply with the directory provisions of the
Act as to delivery of copies in England. 1886 Law Times
LXXX. 241/1 The section is directory only, and a mortgage
is not rendered invalid merely by reason of non-registration.
+c. Directory needle, a magnetic needle. Ods.
1613 M. Riptey Magn. Bodies Pref. 2 A Directory-needle,
Vou. IIL. .
Mag. XIX. 127 He lived .. with kings,
--with the nobility, aristocratically ; ..with
conventionally ; with the directory direc-
393
or a little flie Magneticall in the boxe, fastened at the
bottome in his convenient distance. a 1646 J. GreGoRY
Terrestrial Globe Posth. (1650) 281 This Needle .. directing
towards the North and South, the Mariners .. call their
Directorie-Needle. 1664 Power Ex/, Philos. 11, 156 A well
polished Stick of hard Wax (immediately after frication) will
almost as vigorously move the Directory Needle, as the
Loadstone it self. °
Directory (dire’ktori), sb. [ad. med. or mod.
L. directorium, subst. use of neuter of directori-us :
see prec. and -ory. Cf. F. dévectotre, 15th c. in
Godef. Suppl. It. direttorio a directorie (Florio).]
1. Something that serves to direct; a guide; esf.
a book of rules or directions.
1543 J. Harrison Max of Synne title-p., An alphabetycall
dyrectorye or Table also in the ende therof. c18so (¢/¢/e),
The Directory of Conscience, a profytable Treatyse to such
that be tymorous .. in Conscyence. |" 162x Monte Camerar.
Liv, Libr, w. xx. 312 Sometimes a light occasion serueth as
a directorie for the execution of most weighty things. 1675
TEonce Diary (1825) 7 Wee.. hast toward the Downes;
looking for our dyrectory, the Foreland light. 1691-8 Norris
Pract, Disc. 76 At a time when God had not given any
express Directory for the Manners of Men. 1775 Phil.
Trans. LXV. 184 The compilers of those popular direc-
tories. 1 Morse Amer. Geog. U1. 454 ‘The Rhodian law
was the directory of the Romans in maritime affairs. 1878
J. P. Hopes Princ. Relig. vii. 24 We might have preferred
a written directory, or a visible teacher.
2. Lccl. A book containing directions for the
order of public or private worship; sfec. a The
set of rules for public worship compiled in 1644
by the Westminster Assembly, ratified by Parlia-
ment and adopted by the Scottish General Assem-
bly in 1645.
1640 A. Henperson in C. G. M’Crie Worship Presbyt.
Scotd, (1892) 194 [Expressing the wish that there were] one
Directory for all the parts of the public worship of God.
1641 Mitton Animady, xi. (1847) 93/1 Perhaps there may
be usefully set forth by the Church a common directory of
publick prayer. 1645 (¢/¢/e), ‘The Directory for the Publick
Worship of God ; agreed upon by the Assembly of Divines
at Westminster, with the assistance of Commissioners from
the Church of Scotland. 1736 Near Hist. Purit. LL. 157 The
Parliament. .imposed a fine upon those ministers that should
read any other form than that contained in the Directory.
1827 Haram Const, Hist. (1876) Il. x. 172 ‘Vhe English
commissioners .. demanded the complete establishment of
a presbyterian polity, and the substitution of what was
called the directory for the Anglican liturgy. 1892 C. G.
M’Crie Worship Presbyt. Scott. 194 The word Directory
exactly describes the nature and contents of a Presbyterian
as distinguished from a liturgical Service-book.
Jig. 1663 ButLer Hud. 1. ili. 1193 When Butchers were
the only Clerks, Elders and Presbyters of Kirks, Whose
Directory was to kill, And some believe it is so still.
b. &. C. Ch. A manual containing directions
for the repetition of the daily offices; an ordinal.
1759 (title) The Laity’s Directory (Cath. Dict.). 1837
(ti iS The Catholic Directory ‘ee 1867 (¢2¢/e) Catholic
Directory and Ordo for Ireland. 1885 Catholic Dict. 2635/2
The Catholic Directory ..familiar to English Catholics ..
contains besides the Ordo a list of Clergy, Churches, etc.
8. A book containing one or more alphabetical
lists of the inhabitants of any locality, with their
addresses and occupations; also a similar com-
pilation dealing with the members of a particular
profession, trade, or association, as a C/er¢cal or
Medical Directory, etc.
1732 J. Brown (¢it/e) The Directory, or List of Principal
Traders in London, 1778 (¢it/e) Whitehead’s Newcastle
Directory, for 1778. 1838 Gray Le?t?. (1893) 71 Returning
to the hotel I consulted the city directory. 1888 A. K.
Green Behind Closed Doors vi, Gryce..searched for an
address in the directory,
+4. Direction, ordering, control. Obs. rare.
1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. xxxvii. (1739) 56 This
manner of trial ..and that of Ordeale [were] under the
directory of the Clergy. /éid. 1. xlvii. (1739) 81 Present as
Assistants in directory of judgment.
+5. Surg. = Director 3c. Obs.
x69t Mutuneux in Phil. Trans. XVII. 822 By help of
a Directory and Forceps..he brought away the Stone.
1754-64 SMELLIE Midwi/. II. 18 This opening was enlarged
upona directory.
6. Fr. Hist. [transl. F. Directoire.] The execu-
tive body in France during part of the revolutionary
period (Oct. 1795—Nov. 1799), consisting of five
members called directors (drecteurs).
[1795 Amer. State Papers, For. Relat. (1832) 1. 378
(Stanford) It is probable that this act of the minister proceeds
from himself, and not from the directoire.] 1796 WasHING-
Ton Lett. Writ. 1892 XIII. 273, I little expected .. that a
rivate letter of mine .. would have found a place in the
ureau of the French Directory. 1796 Burke Regic. Peace
1. Wks. VIII. 202 It is said by the directory. .that we of the
ow are tumultuous for peace. 1796 — Corr. (1844) IV. 307
hall you and I find fault with the proceedings of France,
and be totally indifferent to the proceedings of directories
at home? 1810 T. Jerrerson Writ. (1830) 1V. 143 This
does, in fact, transform the executive into a directory. 1867
G.F.Cuampers A stron. (1876) 66 General Buonaparte. .when
the Directory was about to give him a féte, was very much
surprised,
7. A body of directors; =Directorare b.
1803 W. Taytor in Ann. Rev. 1. 407 Within the proprie-
tary, we had almost said within the directory of the com-
pany, persons are now found [etc.]. 1883 Harfer’s Mag.
July, 926/2 The principal working members of the directory.
tress (direktrés). Also 6-7 -esse, 8
directoress. [f. Drrecror + -Ess.] A female
who directs ; +a governess, Also fig.
DIREMPT.
1580 SipNEy Arcadia (1622) 336 Directresse of my destinie.
1647 R. Stapyiton Fuvenal 236 We stile him happy too,
that .. life for his directresse takes. 1737 JoHNnsom /rene
ut. i, Reason! the hoary dotard’s dull directress. 174x
Ricuarpson Pamela Il. 64 You shall be the Directress of
your own Pleasures, and your own Time. 180 MissC. Smitx
Solitary Wanderer 1. 240 Her cunning directress had
foreseen that I should endeavour to obtain that proof of her
regard, 1848 THackreray Bk, Snobs vi, She..is a directress
of many meritorious charitable institutions, 1884 Law Times
4 Oct. 369/1 The mother .. obtained a conditional order for
a habeas corpus addressed to the directress of the home.
+ Dire‘ctrice, Ods. [a. F. directrice (ad. med.
or mod.L. directrix, directric-em, fem. of dtrecteur
DirEctor.] =prec.
1631 Bratuwair Lng. Gentlew. (1641) 323 Where vertue
is not directrice. c1730 Burt Lett. N. Scotd. (1818) I. 193
The directrice or governess who is a woman of quality.
Directrix (dire‘ktriks). Pl. -ices, [a. med.
or mod.L. directrix, fem. of *dzrector DixEcTOR.]
1. =Drirecrress.
1622 H. Sypennam Sevmz. Sol. Occ. 1. (1637) 112 As if the
same pen had beene as well the directrix of the languages,
as the truth. 1656 47¢if, Handsom. (1662) 31 ‘The Regent
and directrix of the whole bodies culture, motion, and wel-
fare. 1678 Cupwortu J/ntedl. Syst. 1. iii. $ 37.164 The several
parts..acting alone..without any common directrix. 1843
H. Rocers £ss, (1860) III. 40 An unfailing directrix in all
difficulties, 1892 J. Rickasy Aguinas Ethicus 1:224 Reason
is the directrix of human acts.
2. Geom. +a. = DiniGentT sb. 3; (see quot.
1753). Obs. b. A fixed line used in describing
a curve or surface; sfec. the straight line the dis-
tance from which of any point on a conic bears
a constant ratio to the distance of the same point
from the focus.
1702 Ratpuson Math, Dict., Directrix of the Conchoid.
Jbid. App., The two Conchoids, whereof the line CD will
be the common Asymptote, which is also called the Direc-
trix. 1753 Cuampers Cycl. Sufp., Directrix, in geometry,
the line of motion, along which the describing line, or
surface, is carried in the Genesis of any plane or solid figure.
1758 Mouthly Rev. 403 A certain circle on the same surface,
which is, as it were, the conical directrix. 1807 Hurron
Course Math, Il. 117 If, through the point G, the line GH
be drawn perpendicular to the axis, it is called the directrix
of the parabola, 1840 LarpNeR Geo. xx. 269 Lines drawn
perpendicular to the transverse axis, through the points D,D’,
are called directrices of the ellipse.
8. Directrix of electrodynamic action (of a given
circuit): the magnetic force due to the circuit.
1881 Maxweti Léectr. & Alagn. 11. 157 Their resultant
is called by Ampére the directrix of the electrodynamic
action, /é¢d. 158 We shall henceforth speak of the directrix
as the magnetic force due to the circuit.
+ Dire’cture. Obs. rare—'. [ad. L. directiira
(in Vitr. a making straight or levelling), f. dzrect-
ppl. stem of L. dzrigéve to Direct.] ‘The action
of directing ; direction.
«1677 Manton Disc. Peace Wks, 1871 V. ii. 167 Led by
the fair directure and fair invitation of God’s providence.
Direful (doiesfttl), @ [f.. Dire a. (or 5b.) +
-FUL.] Fraught with dire effects; dreadful, terrible.
1583 Stusbes Anat, A dus, 1,(1879) 70 Except these women
weare minded to. .folowe their direfull wayes in this cursed
kind of..Pride. 1590 Spenser F. Q. 1. x1. 55 Whenas the
direfull feend She saw not stirre..She nigher drew. 1604
Suaks. Oth. v. i. 38 ‘Tis some mischance, the voyce is very
direfull. 1634 Mitton Comus 357 The direful grasp Of
savage hunger, or of savage heat. 1715-20 Porr /éiad 1.
1 Achilles’ wrath, to Greece the direful spring Of woes un-
number’d, 1781 Gispon Decl. & F. IL. xiii. 561 Their
sincerity was attested by direful imprecations. 1825 J.
Nicuotson Oferat, Mechanic 477 Vhe direful effects of
using lead in the manufacture of pottery, 1850 MERIVALE
Rom. Emp. (1865) I1. xi. 8 Prodigies of direful import.
Hence Direfully advs, dreadfully, terribly ;
Di‘refulness, dreadfulness, terribleness.
a1656 Ussuer Ann. (1658) 244 Curtius..describes.,.the
direfullnesse of the tempest. 1756 J. Warton Z'ss. Pofe(T.\,
The direfulness of this pestilence is.,emphatically set forth
in these few words. 1775 Asu, Direfudly (..not much used).
1845-6 TrencH Huds. Lect. Ser. 11. 1v. 196 These convictions
..men were too direfully earnest in carrying..out. 1848
‘Tuackeray Van, Fair |xii, He passed the night direfully
sick in his carriage.
Direge, obs. form of Drree.
Direkkare, obs. Sc. form of Director.
Direly (doiesli), adv. [f. Direa,+-Ly2.] In
a dire manner; dreadfully; in a way that bodes
calamity.
1610 G. Fretcuer Christ's Vict. ut, Screech-owls direly
chant. 1630 Drayton David § Goliah (L.), And of his
death he direly had forethought. 1633 P. FLercuer Purple
Zs, xu. xxxix, Direly he blasphemes. 1824 CampBeLL
Theodric 131 A check in frantic war's unfinished game, Yet
dearly bought, and direly welcome, came. 1848 ‘THACKERAY
Van. Fair xxiv, Some great catastrophe... was likely direly
to affect Master G. ;
+ Dirempt, p//. a. Obs. [ad. L. dirempt-us,
pa. pple. of dzrimére to separate, divide, f. dir-,
Dis- 1 apart + emére to take.] Distinct, divided,
separate.
1561 Stow Zug. Chron. Aij, (N.), Bodotria and Glota
have sundry passages into the sea, and are clearly dirempt
one from the other. be
+ Dire-mpt, v. Ods. [f. L. dévempt- ppl.stem
of dévimére: see prec.] trans, To separate, divide;
to break off.
1586 J. Hooker Girald. Jre7. in Holinshed Chron. I. 52/1
That if either part refused to stand to his —
DIREMPTION.
the definitive strife might be direm sentance.
‘ToMLinson y pein, 287 Tees Fig te |
t
rem into three angles.
Diremgtion (diresmPfon). Now rare. [ad.
L. diremption-em, n. of action f. dirimére to sepa-
rate, divide.) A forcible separation or severance.
1623 Cockeram, Diremption, a separati H
Decam. iii. 25 They cannot be parted except the Air or
other matter can enter and fill the space made by their
diremption. 1874 C. E. Appreton in Life & Lit. Relics
(1881) 159 The diremption of the two kinds of development
i
with Mags .. the whole of
the. morning’s service, including the a
may be possible to the individual. 1876 C; uf 5
XXVII. 960 The successive stages ., on the way through
self-diremption to the return unto self.
b. spec. Forcible separation of man and wife.
4 d a Dirige or Dirge.
Ripon Ch. Acts (Surtees) 83 note, The
orum’., consisting of Vespers, called ‘P as,
ie, called ‘Dirige’, from its first antiphon, ‘ Dirige
p. Hat Cases Consc. (1650) 331 The displ e of
Peg Bie) law against such marriages is so high flowne,
that no lesse can take it off then an utter diremption of
them. a 1653 Gouce Comm. Heb, xiii. 4 Marriage..ought
not to be dissolved, but by diremption, which is, by severing
man and wife by death.
Direness (daiemés). [f. Dire a, + -ness.]
The quality of being dire or of dreadful operation.
1605 SHaks. Macé. v. v.14, I haue supt full with horrors ;
Direnesse, familiar to my slaughterous thoughts, Cannot
once start me. 1610 Heatey St. Aug. Citie of God 356
Trismegistus and Capella averre the direnesse of his [Mer-
cury's] name. 1833 M. Scorr Tom Cringle xvii. (1859) 458
Direness of this kind cannot daunt me.
Direnje v., obs. form of Drratcy, to decide.
+ Direption. O¢s. [ad. L. direption-em, n. of
action f. div7pere to tear asunder, lay waste, snatch
away, f. di-, dis- asunder + rapére to snatch, tear
away; cf. 16th c. F. direption (Godef.).]
1. The sacking or pillaging of a town, etc.
I Garpiner in Pocock Rec. Ref I. 1. 118 Such as | 7 Es
aed rel : | 43 quot. 1408 in 1. (.Sc.)
before dwelt in Rome, and in the direption lost their sub-
stance. 1536 BELLENDEN Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 181 Calphur-
nius, nochtwithstanding thir direptionis, went forthwart
with his army. 1611 Sreep Hist. Gt, Brit. vit. i. 191 The
whole Country by these continuall direptions, was vtterly
depriued of the staffe of food. 1660 GaupEn Brownrig 203
The arrears .. due to him before the direption and deprae-
dation. 1828 G. S. Faser Sacy. Cal. Prophecy (1844) IL.
¥ The direption and spoliation of the Empire.
| dirge not much inferior to the former.
, etc,
2. transf. A song sung at the burial of, or in
commemoration of, the dead ; a song of mourning
or lament. Also fig.
1500-20 Dunsar Dregy 111 Heir endis Dunbaris Dergy
to the King, bydand to lang in Stirli 1593 SHAks.
Lucr. 1612 And now this pale swan in her a nest
Begins the sad dirge of her certain —— 1638 Sir T.
Hersert 7rav. rik 2) 228 Most memorable battels; as
when Crassus lost his life, Valerian and others, occasioning
those dirgees of the Roman Poets. 1655 Futver Ch. Hist.
VI. 297 Musick, which in some sort sung her own Dirige
..at the dissolution of Abbies. 1713 Pore in Guardian
No. 40 In another of his pastorals, a shepherd utters a
1814 Scott Ld. of
‘sles 1. i, Let mirth and music sound the dirge of Care!
1819 Suettey Ode West Wind ii. 9 Thou dirge Of the
dying year. 1832 Ht. Martineau /redand iv. 65 The
waves .. renewed their dirge with every human life that
they swept away. _ Bowen Virg. Eneid v1. 220 Dirge
at an end, the departed is placed in the funeral bed.
3. A funeral feast or carouse; cf. dirge-ale in
cr Burt Lett. N. Scotl. (1754) 1. 268-9 (Jam.) Wine
is filled about as fast as it can go round; till there is —
a sober person among them.. This last homage they call
the Drudgy [read Dredgy], but I suppose they mean the
Dirge, that is, a service performed for a dead person.
7ax178§0 in Herd Collect. Sc. Songs (1776) 1. 30 (Jam.)
But he was first hame at his ain ingle-side, And he helped
| to drink his ain dirgie.
The action of snatching away or dragging |
| -priest; dirge-like adj.; also dirge-ale, an ale-
apart violently.
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 762 For we haue not obeyed
thy comandementis, therfore we ben betaken in to dyrep-
cion, captyuyte, deth. 1550 Bate Aol. 21 A bonde indis-
pensable if autorite of the churche, and a dyrepcion or
sackynge of matrimony. 1623 CockERram, Direption, a vio-
lent taking away. 1650 AsHmoLe Chym, Collect., Arcanum
(ed. 3) 238/2 Of the conflict of the Eagle and the Lion ..
the more Eagles, the shorter the Battaile, and the direption
of the Lyon will more readily follow. a 1693 UrquHart
Rabelais 1. xviii. 393 Direption, tearing and rending
asunder of their Joynts.
+ Direpti‘tious, 2. O/s.—° [f. L.dirept-us, pa.
pple. of diripére see Dikeprion) +-ITI0us (after
surreptitious).] Characterized by direption, plun-
dering, or pillaging. Hence +Direptitiously
adv., by way of pillaging or plundering.
1532 R. Bowyer in Strype Eccl. Mem. I. xvii. 135 The
grants surreptitiously and direptitiously obtained.
Diresioun, obs. form of DERISION.
Dirge (dsidz), sb. Forms: a. 3-7 (8-9 72st.)
dirige, (4-6 dir-, dyr-, der-, -ige(e, -yge, -ege,
-egi, -egy, 6-7 dirigie). 8. 6 Sc. dergie, (6-8
dregy, dredgy, drudgy), 7 dirgie, 7-8 dirgee.
+. 4derge, 5 derche, dorge, 5-6 dyrge, 6- dirge.
[Originally drige, the first word of the Latin an-
tiphon Dirige, Domine, Deus meus, in conspectu
tuo viam meam ‘ Direct, O Lord, my God, my way
in thy sight’, taken from Psalm v. 8.
1. In the Latin rite: The first word of the anti-
phon at Matins in the Office of the Dead, used
as a name for that service; sometimes extended
to include the Evensong (Placebo), or, according
to Rock, also the Mass (Xegudent).
a12a5 Ancr. R. 22 Efter euesong anonriht sigged ower
Placebo eueriche niht hwon
holiniht vor feste of nie lescuns pet kumed amorwen,
biuore Cumplie, oder efter Uhtsong, sigged Dirige, mit preo
psalmes, and mit breo lescuns eueriche niht sunderliche ..
et Placebo 3e muwen sitten vort Magnificat, and also et
Dirige. ¢1320 Sir Benes 2902 Beues is ded in bataile Par
fore .. Hit is Beues dirige! 1350 Zug. Gilds (1870) 35
He ssal sende forthe be lel to alle be breberen and 4
gre pat pey bien at the derge of be body. 1408
. E, Wills (1882) 15 Brede & Ale to Spende atte my
dyryge. c1420 Chron, Vilod, 2170 He coutinuede algate
.. In doyng of masse, of derche, & of almys-dede.
in Eng. Gilds (1870) 191 When any Broder or Suster of this
Gilde is d oute off
Gilde shall doo Rynge for hym, and do to say a Place
and dirige, wt a masse on y® morowe of Requiem. 1
Wriornestey Chron, (1875) 1.71 Allso a solempne dirige
songen in everye parishe churche in London. 1539 Br.
Hitsey Manual of Prayers in Three Primers Hen, V/IT
407 Of those old Jewish customs hath there crept into the
church a custom to have a certain suffrages for the dead,
4. attrib. and Comb., as dirge-man, -mass, -note,
drinking at a funeral (cf. quot. 1408 in 1); dirge-
groat, -money, money paid for singing the dirge.
1587 Harrison England 11. i. (1877) 1. 32 The superfluous
numbers of .. church-ales, helpe-ales, and soule-ales, called
also *dirge-ales .. are well diminished. 1564 Brecon Dis-
playing Popish Mass Prayers, etc. (1844) 258 Have ye not
| deserved your *dirige-groat and your dinner? 17a
Srrvee Eccl. Mem. 111. xii. 114 The priests did not seldom
quarrel with their parishioners for .. dirge-groats and such
like: for that was the usual reward for singing mass for
a soul. 1561 Br. Parxnurst /junctions, Whether they
vse to sing any nomber of psalmes, *dirige lyke at the
buryall of the dead? 182 eat Chr. Year Restoration
iii, One dirge-like note Of orphanhood and loss.
Lytton Str. Story Il. 91 Other dogs in the distant village
..bayed in adirge-like chorus. 1824 J. Symmons schylus’
Agamemnon 99 Why for Loxias woe, woe, woe? He has
no “dirgemen. 1563-87 Foxe A. & AM. (1684) a oa To
say a “Dirge Mass after the old custom, for the Funeral
of King Edward. 1564 Brief Examinat. ******, You
can be content *Dirige money be conuerted to preachynges.
1835 Mrs. Hemans Swan & Skylark Poems (1875) 553
‘The *dirge-note and the song of festival. 154. Def. Priests’
Marriage 24 (Strype Mem. 1. lii. 393) Mass-priests, *dirige-
priests, chantry-priests, sacrificing-priests. :
Dirge, v. rare. [f. prec. sb.] ‘rans. To sing
| a dirge over, commit with a dirge.
eise; bute 3if hit beo |
this worlde .. y* Steward of Lc | Turkey, an
called Dirige, of Dirige, the first anthem hereof; but by —
whom or when these suffrages were made, we have no sure
evidence, /éfd. 408 For this only cause have I also set
forth in this Primer a Dirige ; of the which the three first
lessons are of the miseries of mans life; the middle of the
funeral of the dead corpse; and the last three are of the
last resurrection. 1g91 Spenser M, Hudberd 453 They
whilome used .. to <
their shrifts. 1
.. Their Diriges, their Trentals, and |
ocers Naaman 165 Give moneyes |
Hoop Loss Pegasus ii, Dirged by Sea Nymphs to
his po grave! ae She is Jar - cant 62 Waves over-
surging ae Syrens a-dirgeing her. 7
Dirgee, var. of Durzer, Anglo-/nd., tailor.
irgeful (diudzfil), a. [f Diecx + -FuL.]
Mourntul, full of lamentation, moaning, wailing.
1787 Burns 70 Miss Cruikshank, Thou, amid the dirgeful
sound, Shed thy dying honours round. 1 CoLerIDGe
Chatterton, Soothed sadly by the dirgeful wind. sr a
Moir Poems, To a wounded Ptarmigan x, While the
dirgeful night-breeze only Sings.
+ Dirgy (45°3d3i), a. rare. [f. Diner sd, + -¥.]
Of the nature of a dirge.
1830 W. Tavtor German Poetry 11, 47, How glumly
sownes yon dirgy song! [affected archaism.)
|| Dirhem. Also dirham, derham. [Arab.
oe? dirham, dirhim, ad, L. drachma, Gr. 5pax-
ph: see DRacuM. Formerly in It. diremo.] An
Arabian measure of weight, originally two-
of an Attic drachma (44-4 grains troy), now used
with varying weight from Morocco to Abyssinia,
Persia; in Egypt it is at present
(1895) = 47°661 troy grains. Also a small silver
coin of the same weight, used under the caliphs,
and still in Morocco, where its value is less than 4¢.
English. H
1788 Gispon Decl. § F. lii. V. 397 note, Elmacin .. com-
pared the weight of the best or common dinar, to the
drachm or dirhem of Beye, 1850 W. Irvinc Mahomet
xxxix. (1853) 199 Omar Al Hareth declares that Ma-
homet, at his yoy did not leave a golden dinar nor a
silver dirhem. 1872 E. W. Ronertson //ist, Ess. 3 In
Turkey, Syria, Egypt, Barbary and Arabia, the Dirhem,
as a standard of weight, continues at the present day to be
divided into 16 killos, or carats, and 64 grains. /did. 48
note, The d hr of C inople .. the original of the
| the Genesis or Production of any plain or solid Figure.
Teor eS cite hen tae tame of ea ovened date
now adj sum
Dirhombohedrou (doirgmbo,h7-drgn).
See quot., and Di- 21. ne.
Coa Gov Sukee 66 dirhombohedron is a
double six-sided pyramid, whose faces are similar isosceles
triangles, a
+ ‘bitory. Os. [ad. L. diribitorium, f.
diribére to distribute, f. dir-, dis- asunder + habére
to hold.] (See quot.)
1656 BLount Glossogr., Diribitory, a place wherein Soul-
diers are bered, ed, and ive their pay; A
place where the Romans gave their voyces.
'e (di‘ridgz), obs. and historical f. Drrer.
+ t (di-ridzént), a. and sé. Obs. [ad. L.
dirigent-em, pr. pple. of dirigére to DiREct.
A. adj. 1. That directs, directin; fe. directive.
1617 Coins Def. Bf. Ely u. ix. 359 mperant only, not
en it, not q' as your School-men loue
to 5} .
2.° Pharm. Formerly applied to certain ingre-
dients in prescriptions which were held to guide
the action of the rest. .
1851-60 in Mayne E-xfos. Lex.
3. Geom, (See quot.) ;
1704 J. Hanns Lex. Techn, (J.), The dirigent line in
geometry is that along which the line describent is i
in the generation of any figure. :
B. sé. 1. =Drrecror 1.
1756 ‘IT. Amory Life Buncle (1770) I. xiii. 45 You will be
the guide and dirigent of all my notions and my days.
2. Pharm. A dirigent ingredient: cf. A. 2.
1854-67 C. A. Harris Dict. Med. Terminol. 217 Dirigent,
that constituent in a prescription which directs the action
of the associated substances.
3. Geom. A dirigent line: see A. 3.
1706 Puitivs (ed. Kersey), Dirigent, the Line of Motion
along which, the Describent Line or Surface is carry’d in
in Hutton Math. Dict.
irigible (di-ridzib’l), a. Also 7 derigible,
9 dirigeable, [ad. L. type *dirigibil-is, f. diré,
ére to Direct, Cf. mod.F. dirigeable.]) Capab
of being directed or guided.
1581 Lamparve Liven. 1. x. (1588) 62 It would avayle
greatly to the furtherance of the Service, if the Dedimus
potestatem to giue these Oaths were dirigible to the Ius-
tices (and none other). 1649 Br. Reynotps //osea vii. 119
‘The proper conclusions deducible from these princi
and derigible unto those ends. 1688 Norris Theory
1. i. 63 Why love as Dirigible is made the subject of
Morality rather than gar eg 1833 Six W. fasaes
ton Discuss. (1852) 137 Intellectual operations .. in so far
as they were dirigible, or the subject of laws. 188 Sat.
Rev. LI. 110/1 For eighteen years .. no attempt was made
to render balloons dirigible. Cassell’s Fam, Mag,
764 The balloon was dirigeable. 1887 St. Fas’. Gas. 23 Sept,
5 A grestee speed than has yet been attained by any other
irigibie 0.
Dirigo-motor (dirigomautj1), a. Physiol.
irreg. f. L. dirig- stem of dirzgére to Direct +
otor.] That both produces and directs muscular
motion. ;
1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (1872) 1. 1. iii. 49 Each
efferent nerve is a dirigo-motor agent.
Diriment (dirimént),a, [ad. L. diriment-em,
pr. pple. of dirimére to separate, interrupt, frus-
trate: see Dinempr, Cf. F. dévmant that nullifies
fa marriage).] That renders absolutely void ; nulli-
ying; chiefly in diriment impediment, one that
renders marriage null and void from the beginn|
yaad Warerwortn Council of Trent (1888) p. ccxxv, Th
Churc! having, eathority to establish .. new essential and
diriment imp mat y. 1875 C ip. Rev.
XXVI. 423 There is another diriment impediment which
has lately attracted more than ordinary attention. 1688
Ch. Times 2 Mar. 179 In England, .marriages, not hindered
by a diriment imped , are valid whe: lemnised,
+Dirity. Obs. rare. [ad. L. diritas, f. dirus
fell, Dire. plneoesh, seeectoeer .
H Serm. Pi . Wks. IIL. unappeas-
Fo woh ror te dirity of his corrective justics. 1623
Cockeram, Diritie, crueltie, fiercenesse. 1656 in BLount
Glossogr, 1721-1800 in Bawry. .
Dirk (daik), s+. Forms: 7 dork, 7-9 <
(7 durke), 8- dirk. [Origin unknown.
in 1602 spelt dpré, then common from second half
of 17th c. as durk; the spelling dirk was oe
without authority in Johnson’s Dict. 1755, a
from the falling together of 77, wr, in Eng. pro- |
nunciation ; cf. Burmah, Birmah, dirt, durt, etc. —
Although early quots, and Johnson’s explanation —
suggest that the name was Gaelic, there is no such
word in that language, where the weapon is called _
biodag. O'Reilly's duirc is merely the 18th ¢.
English word spelt Irish-fashion. :
i es been offered that the word may
name
su =
Da, Dirk familiar form ei r pie F
is act ey 10m pckloc fe
that div i not the original f s
Da. dirik, dirk, Sw. d;
orth iinelish wo ofr ‘dagger’ gs to
t word, no such sense as b
the contiaaseal en If of continental onan earliest
form dork might possibly be a soldier's or sailor's corruption
of Du., Da., Sw. dodk, Ger. dagger.) ey |
1. A kind of dagger or : spec, a. The
dagger of a Highlander. +b. ‘A small sword or
DIRK.
dagger formerly worn by junior naval officers on
duty.’ Smyth Sadlor’s Word-bk. (Obs.).
1602 Form of ancient trial by battel in Nicholson and
Burn's //ist, Westmoreland (1777) I. 596 note, ‘wo Scotch
daggers or dorks at their girdles. ?16.. Robin Hood &
Beggar u. Atieen) 1795 I. 106 A drawen durk to his
breast. 2 . Hickes Spirit of Popery 36 Armed men,
who..fell upon them with Swords and Durkes. 168 CotviL
Whigs Supplic. (1695) 4 Some had Halbards, some had
Durks, Some had crooked swords like Turks. 1724 Ramsay
Tea-t. Misc. (1733) 1. 7 With durk and pistol by his side.
a1740. T. TickELt Jit. Prophecy Nereus 29 ‘The shield,
the pistol, durk, and dagger. 1746 Rep. Cond. Sir F. Cope
184 Some few of their Men..arm’d only with Durk, Sword,
and Pistol, 2758 Jounson, Dirk, a kind of Dagger used
in the Highlands of Scotland, 1786 Burns Earnest Cry &
Prayer xvii, Her tartan petticoat she’ll kilt, An’ durk an’
istol at her belt, She'll tak the streets. 1794 — Let. to .
‘ohnson 7 Feb. Wks. 1857 IV. 58, I have got a Highland
dirk, for which I have great veneration, as it once was the
dirk of Lord Balmerino. 1806 Gazetteer Scot/, Introd. 15
The Highland durk is certainly an imitation of the Roman
short dagger. 1822 J. Fur Lett. Amer. 113 The dirk
has a pointed blade, four or five inches long, with a small
handle. It is worn within the vest, by which it is com-
plétely concealed. 1830 Scorr Demonol. x. 396 We saw the
dirk and broadsword of Rorio Mhor. 1833 Marryat ?.
Simple iv, 1..wrote another [letter] asking for a remittance
to purchase my dirk and cocked hat. 1839-40 W. Irvinc
Wolfert’s R. (1855) 193, 1 pocketed the purse .. put a dirk
in my bosom, girt a couple of pistols round my waist. 188z
Jowett Thucyd. I. 162 The highland Thracians. .are inde-
pendent and carry dirks.
2. Comb.,as dirk-hilt ; dirk-like adj.; dirk-hand,
the hand that grasps the dirk ; dirk-knife, a large
clasp-knife with a dirk-shaped blade.
1837 Locxnart Scott xli. (1839) V. 340 Its bottom is of
glass, that he who quaffed might keep his eye the while
upon the dirk hand of his companion. 1851 D, Witson
Preh. Ann, (1863) II. 1v. vi. 347 Ivory dirk-hilts elegantly
turned and wrought by the hand.
Dirk (ddik), v. [f. prec. sb.] ¢rans. To stab
with a dirk.
a W. CLetanp Poems (1697) 13 For a misobliging
word She'll durk her salen thee the board. did. 15
Had it not been for the Life-guard She would have durkt
him. 1808 J. Bartow Columb. vit. 356 They .. Wrench off
the bayonet and dirk the foe. 1822 Scott Viged iii, ‘I
thought of the Ruthvens that were dirked in their ain house.’
i R. H. Dana Bef. Alast xxvii. 88 With a fair prospect
of being stripped and dirked.
Dirke, -ness, obs. ff. DARK, -NESS.
Dirl, v. Sc. and orth. dial. [Allied to Se. chirl
to pierce, to THRILL, and to Dritt. It is not a
simple phonetic development of ¢/z7/, since ¢h does
not become d in the north; but it seems to be due
to some onomatopeeic modification.]
1. trans. To pierce, to thrill; to cause to vibrate,
cause a thrilling sensation in by a sharp blow.
1513 [see DirtinG v2 sd. below]. 1568 Bannatyne MS.
in Sibbald Chron. Scot. Poetry (1802) I11. 236 (Jam.) Young
Pirance..Was dirlit with lufe of fair Meridiane. 1826 T.
Witson Pitman's Pay (1872) 8 (Northumb. Gloss.) Thy
tongue .. dirls my lug like wor smith’s hammer. 1837
Lowe. Lett. (1894) I. 23 But she, alas! my heartstrings
dirls, 1871 P. H. WappeLt Psalms 4 Horns 0’ the siller..
dirlin the lug an’ wauk’nin the heart. 1892 Northurnbld.
Gloss. s.v.; To ‘dirl the elbow’ is to strike the sensitive
bone of that part—the ‘funny bone’, as it is called.
2. intr. To vibrate as when pierced or sharply
struck, or in response to sound ; to have a thrilling
sensation, to tingle.
1715 Ramsay Christ's Kirk u. 7 Meg Wallet wi’ her pinky
een Gart Lawrie’s heart-strings dirle. 1790 Burns Tam 0’
Shanter 124 He screw'd the pipes and gart them skirl, Till
roof and rafters a’ did dirl. @1835 Hocc Ringan § May
38 Though .. the merle gar all the greenw dirl. 1869
Lonsdale Gloss., Dirl, to tingle, or thrill with pain, the
sensation being the result of a blow or other violence. 1884
Nuge Eccles. 1. 26 When I smash the table till it dirls.
b. To produce a vibrating sound; to ring.
1823 Gat R. Gilhaize I, 131 (Jam.) Twisting a rope of
straw round his horse’s feet, that they might not dirl or
make a din on the stones. 1892 Norihumbld. Gloss., Dirl,.
to produce a deafening or a painful vibration. ‘Hear hoo
the win’s dorlin’,
Hence Ditling w/. sd.
1513 Doucias £neis xu. vii. 97 The pane vanyst als
clene..as thocht it had bene Bot a dyrling or a litill ‘stond.
1810 Cromek Nithsdale Song App. 334, (Jam.) [The
Brownie] keeping the seryants awake at nights with the
noisy dirling of its elfin flail.
Dirl, sd. Sc. and north. dial. [f. Dinuv.] A
thrill or vibration, with or without sound ; a thrill-
ing effect or sensation ; a tremulous sound.
1785 Burns Death § Doctor Hornbook xvi, It just play’d
dirl on the bane, But did nae mair. 1818 Scott Hrt. Mid/.
xvii, * A'body has a conscience..1 think mine’s as weel out
o’ the gate as maist folk’s are ; and yet it’s just like the
noop of my elbow, it whiles gets a bie dirl on a corner.’
1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev, II. vi. iii. (1848) 330 Successive
simultaneous dir of thirty-thousand muskets shouldered.
1862 Histor Prov. Scot. 18 An elbuck dirl will lang play
thirl. 1878 Cumbld. Gloss., Dirl, a tremulous sound.
Dirt (dsit), sd. Forms: 4-5 drit, dryt, dritt(e,
dryte, (4 dryit), 5 drytt, 5-6 dyrt(e, 57 durt,
5- dirt. [By metathesis from ME. ari, not known
in OE. and prob. a. ON. drzt neuter, excrement
(mod. Icel. arity masc., Norw. dritd); cf. also
MDu. drete, Du. dreet, F 1. drits, drets, excrement :
see Drive v.]
395
1. Ordure ;= ExcrEeMENT 2 b.
@ 1300 Cokaygne 179 in E. E. P. (1862) 161 Seue 3ecre in
swine-is dritte He mot wade. 1387 Trevisa /igden (Rolls)
V. 295 (Matz.) Ureyne and dritte. 1388 Wyciir PA//. iii. 8
All thingis .. Y deme as drit, [1382 toordis] that Y wynne
Crist. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvitt. v. (1495) 752
‘The lambe hath blacke dyrte. c1440 Promp. Parv. 132/2
Dryte..doonge, merda, stercus. c1460 Jowneley Myst.
(Surtees) 194 The dwillys durt in thi berd, Vyle fals tratur!
1561 Hottysusu Hom. Afoth. 13b, Take whyte dogges
dyrte thre unces. 1642 Futter /oly & Prof. St. y. xii. 406
Some count a Jesting lie.. like the dirt of oysters, which ..
never stains. 1830 Marryat Aizg’s Own xxvi, It’s the
natur of cats always to make a dirt in the same place.
2. Unclean matter, such as soils any object by
adhering to it; filth; esf. the wet mud or mire of
the ground, consisting of earth and waste matter
mingled with water.
@ 1300 Sarnun vii. in E. EL. P. (1862) 2 pi felle wib-oute
nis bot a sakke ipudrid ful wip drit and ding. a@x1300 7ex
Commandm, 21 ibid. 16 Pe ful dritte of grunde. 14... S’r
Beues 1196 (MS. M.) He. .tredith hym vnder his fete In the
dirte amyddus the strete. 1577 B. Goocr Heresbach's
//usb, 111. (1586) 151 b, The Swine. .delighteth .. to wallow
in the durt. 1596 SHaks. Zam. Shr. iv. i. 80 How she
waded through the durt to plucke him off me. 1611 BrpLe
/sa. \vii, 20 The troubled sea .. whose waters cast vp myre
and dirt. 1661 Pepys Diary 2g May, The spoiling of my
clothes and velvet coat with dirt. 1669 Penn No Cross il.
§ 10 Poor Mortals! But living Dirt; made of what they
tread on, 1684 Bunyan Pilgr. 1. 64 The Dirt will sink to
the bottom, and the Water come out by itself more clear,
1782 Cowper Gilpix 189 Let me scrape the dirt away That
hangs upon your face. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom’s C.
xi. 95 Now comes my master... and grinds me down into
the very dirt! 1878 Huxtey Physiogr. 131 The muddy
matter in these streams is merely the dirt washed from the
roofs of the houses and the stones of the street. J/od. Dirt
is only matter in the wrong place.
b. fig. As the type of anything worthless: cf.
the phrase filthy lucre.
1357 Lay Folks Catech. (Lamb. MS.) 771 Pey sellyn
sowlys to satanas for a lytyl worldly dryt. ¢1380 Wycuir
Wks. (1880) 68 Bischopis, munkis & chanons sillen .. trewe
prechynge for a litil stynkyng muk or drit. c 1679 R. Duke
Lo Dryden on Tr. & Cr. (R.), You found it dirt, but you
have made it gold. 1720 Dre For Caft. Singleton xix.
(1840) 329 The wealth .. was all like dirt under my feet.
1734 Pork Lss. M/an 1v. 279 Is yellow dirt the passion of
thy life? 1753 A. Murpny Gray’s-Jun Frnl. No. 42 P11 Ever
since .. Convenience stamped an imaginary Value upon
yellow Dirt.
e. A scornful name for amd (as a possession).
1602 SHaxs. //am. v.i ‘Tis a Chowgh; but as I say
spacious in the possession of dirt. 1616 Braum. & FL.
Scornful Lady 1. ii, Your brother's house is big enough;
and to say truth, he has too much land: hang it, dirt !
d. Applied abusively to persons.
¢ 1300 //avelck 682 Go hom swithe, fule, drit, cherl. 1658
CLEVELAND Rustick Rampant Wks. (1687) 457 ‘That Dirt
of a Captain .. had butchered the English Patriarch. 1871
C. Gipson Lack of Gold iv, Are you to turn your back on
them like the dirt theyare? 1894 Hatt Caine Manximan
II. xi. 88 I hate the nasty dirts.
3. Mud; soil, earth, mould; brick-earth. co//og.
1698 Fryer Acc. E. India §& P. 26 A Fort or Blockade (if
it merit to be called so) made of Dirt. 1709 Steeve /atler
No. 49 P 10 As Infants ride on Sticks, build Houses in Dirt.
1795 WinpHAM Sf. Parl, 27 May (1812) I. 270 Children,
who had surrounded a twig with a quantity of dirt, would
think that they had planted a tree. 1823 P. Nicnotson
Pract. Build, 344 Place Bricks, being made of clay, with
a mixture of dirt and other coarse materials..are .. weaker
and more brittle. 184 Catiin NV. Amer. /nd. (1844) I. x.
77, Throwing up the dirt from each excavation in a little
ile. 1889 Farmer Dict. Amer. 202/2 The gardener fills
is flower-pots with dirt.
b. Mining, quarrying, etc. Useless material,
rubbish; the vegetable soil comprising a Dirv-BED.
1799 Kirwan Geol. Ess. 308, 3 feet of coal, under which
is a bad sort, called dirt, and again, 2 feet of coal. 1881
J. W. Urquuarr Electro-typing v. 130 ‘The common quali-
ties [of copper] give off a great deal of foreign matter known
as ‘dirt’. 1884 Chesh. Gloss., Dirts, salt-making term.
Cinders and ashes left after fuel is consumed. 1885 Lyed/’s
Elem. Geol. 290 A stratum called by quarrymen ‘the dirt’,
or ‘ black dirt’, was evidently an ancient vegetable soil.
ce. The material from which a metallic ore or other
valuable substance is separated ; esp. the alluvial
deposit from which gold is separated by washing ;
= WASHDIRT.
1857 Bortuwick California 120 (Bartlett), In California,
‘dirt’ is the universal word to signify the substance dug ;
earth, clay, gravel, or loose slate. ‘The miners talk of rich
dirt and poor dirt, and of stripping off so many feet of ‘top
dirt ’ before getting to ‘pay-dirt’, the latter meaning dirt
with so much gold in it that it will pay to dig it up and
wash it. 1890 Borprewoop Miner's Right xiv. 142 We
were clean worked out..before many of our neighbours at
Greenstone Gully were half done with their dirt.
4. The quality or state of being dirty or foul ;
dirtiness, foulness, uncleanness in action or speech.
1774 Gotps. Nat, Hist. (1776) I. 328 The’sloth and dirt
of the inhabitants. 1 Mrs. Piozzi Yourn. France 1.
144 Literature and dirt had long been intimately ac-
quainted, 1857 C. G. Gorvon Leé#, II]. 141 The Turkish
steamer .. was in a beastly state of dirt. 1872 E. Peacock
Mabel Heron |. ii. 16 The dirt, darkness, and savagery of
the town.
b. Meanness, sordidness.
1625 Fiercuer Node Gent. ut. i, Our dunghill breeding
and our durt. 1746 Metmotn P/iny vil. xxix (R.), Honours,
which are thus sometimes thrown away upon dirt and
infamy; which such a rascal.. had the assurance both to
accept and to refuse.
DIRT.
5. a. dial. ‘ Dirty’ weather.
1836 Marrvar 7hree Cutt. iii, Shall we have dirt? 1876
Whitby Gloss., Dirt, a weather term for rain or snow.
‘We're likely to have some dirt.’
b. A/éning. Inflammable gas which constitutes
*foulness’ ina mine; = FIRE-DAMP.
1831 Examiner 765/1 We examined if there was any dirt
(inflammable air). 1851 Greenwett Coal-frade Terms
Northumb, & Durh. 23. 1892 Northumbld. Gloss., Dirt ..
is also used to express foul-air or firedamp in a pit.
6. Phrases. ta. Zo fall to dirt: to fall to the
ground, to come to nothing; so /o be all tn the
dirt, to lay all in the dirt, and the like. Oés.
1546 St. Papers Hen. V//1, XI. 181 To the which we
will in no wise agree, but wil rather laye all in the durt.
1657 North's Plutarch, Add. Lives (1676)* 28 Here
Saladin was handsomely beat to dirt. 1658 BRAMHALL
Consecr. Bps. vi. 148 Mr. Mason squeesed the poore Fable
to durt, 1667 Perys Diary 19 Feb., Our discourse of peace
is all in the dirt. 1670 Marve. Corr, cxli. Wks. 1872-5
II. 315 We heard them ‘pro forma’, but all falls to dirt.
b. 70 cast, throw, or fling dirt: to asperse any
one with scurrilous or abusive language.
1642 Sir E. Derine Sf. on Relig. 1 Cast what dirt thou
wilt, none will sticke on me. c¢1645 HowetL Lett. (1650)
II. 62 Any sterquilinious raskall is licenc’d to throw dirt in
the faces of soveraign princes in open printed language.
1655 Futter Ch. Hist. 1x. vii. 19 The best of men.. are
more carefull to wash their own faces, then busie to throw
durt on others. 1678 B. R. Letter Pop. Friends 7 "Vis
a blessed Line in Matchiavel—If durt enough be thrown,
some will stick. 1706 FE. Warp Hud. Rediv. 1. u. 11 Fling
dirt enough, and some will stick. 1738 Pore Zl. Sat. u.
145 ‘lo me they meant no hurt, But ’twas my Guest at
whom they threw the dirt.
c. Yo eat dirt: to submit to degrading treat-
ment. Proverb. ‘ Every man must eat a peck of
dirt before he dies’: see PECK.
1859 Farrar ¥. Home ix, Lord Fitzurse .. made up for
the dirt which they had been eating by the splendour of his
entertainment, 1890 Sat. Nev. 18 Oct. 462/2 In times of
revolution a good many pecks of dirt have to be eaten.
d. 70 cut dirt: to take one’s departure, be off,
U.S. slang.
1829 Negro Song (Farmer s.v. Cz), He cut dirt and run.
1843-5 Havisurton Sam Slick in Eng. (Bartlett), The way
the cow cut dirt. 1853 IV estern Scenes (Farmer), Now you
cut dirt, and don’t let me see you here again.
7. attrib. and Comb. a. attrib., ‘of or for dirt’,
as dirt-band, -box, -car, -cart, -cone, ~floor, -heap,
-pellet, -spot, -streak, etc.
1860 ‘Tynpatt Glac. 1. xi. 68, I could see .. the looped
*“dirt-bands of the glacier. 1889 G. F. Wricur /ce Age
N. Amer. 19 Neither moulins nor regular dirt-bands are
present. 1884 //ealth Lxhib. Catal. 55/2 Man-hole Cover
for sewers, with elm blocks and fixed *Dirt Boxes. 1870
Emerson Soc. §& Solit. vi. 120 The railroad *dirt-cars are
good excavators. 1860 BartLert Dict, Amer. 122 The
*¢dirt-cart ', or cart which removes street sweepings, would,
in London, be called a ‘dust-cart’, 1860 TynpaLi Glac. 1.
ii. 18 Here are also *‘dirt-cones’ of the largest size. 1858
P. Cartwricut Autobiog. xxx. 471 We walked on *dirt
floors for carpets, sat on benches for chairs. 1862 Bunyan
Holy War Advt. to Rdr., John such “*dirt-heap never
was, 1709 Swirt 7. Zub Apol., Do they think such
a building is to be battered with *dirt-pellets? 1856 Kane
Arct, Expl. I. xi, 113 Coming nearer, you see that the
*dirt-spots are perforations of the snow. 1864 LoweLL
Fireside Trav. 47 Cleanness, incapable of moral dirt spot.
1860 ‘T'yNDALL Géac, u. viii. 267 ‘The only trace of the mo-
raines is a broad *dirt-streak.
b. instrumental, as dért-besmeared, -born,
-grimed, -incrusted, -rotten, -smirched, -soaked adjs.
1606 SHaks. 7%. § Cr. y.i. 23 Dirt-rotten livers, wheezing
lungs. 1754 J. SHeBBearE Matrimony (1766) 1. 70 It is the
Devil to have to do with such dirt-born Fellows. 1838
Dickens O. 77st 1. Dirt-besmeared walls. 1886 J. K.
Jerome Jadle Thoughts (1889) 74 Little dirt-grimed brats,
trying to play in the noisy courts.
ce. objective, as DIRT-EATER, -EATING, -/linging,
-loving, -thrower.
1819 Metropolis II. 133 The very last of dirt-throwers
thereof [of the Canongate]. 1824 Westm. Rev. IL. 467 This
is done by assumption and dirt-flinging. /d/d., Le Clerc
divides the. . Dirt-flinging argument into sixteen species.
d. Special combs.: dirt-board (see quot.) ;
dirt-fast a., stuck fast in the dirt; dirt-fear, -ed
a., dirt-gabard (see quots.) ; dirt-roller, a roller
in a cotton-spinning machine for removing dirt ;
dirt-scraper, a road-scraper ; also a grading-shovel
used in grading or levelling up ground ; dirt-weed
(see quots.). Also Dirt-BED, -CHEAP, etc.
1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., *Dirt-board [in carriage], a
Pee | for warding off earth from the axle-arm, A cutto-
plate. 1508 Krennepie Flyting w. Dunbar 33 *Dirtfast
dearch. 1767 Meston Poems 131 (Jam.) He trembl’d, and,
which was a token Of a *dirt-fear, look'd dun as docken.
1722 W. Hamitton Wallace x. 250 (Jam.) The Bishop of
St. Andrews..Who would not Wallace’ coming there abide,
Was so *dirt-fear’d, even for all Scotland wide. 1867 SmyTH
Sailor's Word-bk., *Dirt-gabard, a large _ballast-lighter.
a1825 Forsy Voc. E. Anglia, *Dirt-weed, Chenopodium
viride, an expressive name for what generally grows on
dunghills or other heaps of dirt. x Mutter Plant-n.
38/2 Dirt-weed, or Dirty Dick, Chenopodium album.
irt, v. Also 6-7 durt. [f. Dirr si. See
also the earlier strong vb. DrivE.] ¢vans. To
make dirty or foul; to defile or pollute with dirt ;
to dirty, to soil.
1587 Foxe A. § M.(1596) 1581 Riding in his long gowne
downe to the horse heels .. dirted yp to the horse bellie.
1611 Barry Ram-A ley 1. ii, How light he treads For dirting
50* -2
DIRT-BED.
n 1660 Futter Mixt Contempl. (1663) 89
For fear to dirt the soles of their shoes. 1727 7. Var.
Subjects in Swift's Wks. 1755 11. 1. 226 Ill company is a
his silk stockings !
a , who dirts those most whom he loves best.
et 1888) II. 149 Don’t thumb and dirt the books.
1 HB
EwMAN Le?f, (1891) I. 386 Sitting down on the
ashes.. which are so dry as not to dirt,
Hence Di'rting vd/. sd.
1sgt Percivatt Sf. Dict., Enlodadura, durting, fouling
with durt, /utamentum,
‘bed, Geol. A stratum consisting of an-
cient vegetable mould; sfec. A bed of dark bitu-
minous earth containing the stumps of trees,
occurring in the lower Purbeck series of the Isle
of Portland, and overlying the Portland oolite.
T. Wesster in Geol. Trans. (1829) Il. 42 A bed
about one foot thick, consisting of a dark-brown substance,
and containing much earthy lignite; this bed is very re-
markable and extends all through the north end of the Isle
of Portland .. It is called by the quarrymen the Dirtbed.
1836 Bucktanp Geol. xviii. § 3. (1858) 457 A single stump
rooted in the dirt-bed in the isle of Portland. 1851 Ricuarp-
son Geol. (1855) 397 A mass of bituminous earth, called the
‘dirt-bed’, which ts an ancient vegetable soil, containing
numerous trunks of fossil trees, standing erect at a height
of from one to three feet, with their summits jagged.
Dirt-bird. A local name of the skua, Ster-
corarius crepidatus, called also Dirty Allan;
also of the green woodpecker, Gecinus viridts.
1847-78 Hatuw., Dirt-dird, the woodpecker. North.
1885 Swainson Prov. Names Brit. Birds 100 Green Wood-
pe er.. The constant iteration of its cry before rain (which
brings out the insects on which it feeds) gives it the-names
Rain bird .. Dirt bird, Storm cock. /éfd. 210 Richardson's
Skua (Stercorarius crepidatus) .. from the vulgar opinion
that the gulls are weuting, when, in reality, they are only
disgorging fish newly caught. Dirt bird (Dundrum Bay)
.. Dirty allan or aulin.. Dung bird. 1886 W. Brock Leg.
& Superst. Durham 136 Several species of small birds are
confounded under the .. title of ‘dirt birds’, because they
sing on the approach of rain, :
heap daut)t{7p), a. (adv.) [See CHEAP
396
| kick a man for nothing. 1796 T. Jerrerson in Sparks
a.6.] As cheap as dirt ; exceedingly cheap. Hence |
Dirt-chea'pness.
1821 Blackw. Mag. VIII. 616 Dirt-cheap, indeed, it was,
as well it might. i
.. and dirt-cheap. 1883 Pad/ Mall G. 26 Oct. 5/1 It appears
likely that November will bring an alteration in that dirt-
cheapness of money of which brokers and bankers now
complain. 1886 H. F. Lester Under two Fig Trees 102
I'll do it cheap, that I will, ..dirt cheap. 1891 T. Harpy
Yess i, 1 was no more than the commonest, dirt-cheapest
feller in the parish.
‘i uber.
+1. One who daubs or plasters with dirt or mud ;
a maker of cob-walls:; also, a term of abuse. Ods.
1515 Cock Lorell's B. (Percy Soc.) 5 Here is .. patrycke
peuysshe a conynge dyrte dauber, Worshypfull wardayn
of slouens In. 1563-87 Foxe A. & JZ. (1596) 532/1 A man
would thinke him some dirtdauberssonne. 1630 J. TayLor
(Water P.) Facke-a-Lent Wks. 1. 115/2 Vntyling houses ..
to .. the profit of Plaisterers, and Dirtdawbers, the gape of
Glasiers, Joyners, Carpenters, T'ylers and Bricklayers. 1647
Trare Comm. Epistles 472 These are the devils dirt-
dawbers, that teach such doctrine.
2. A species of sand-wasp; =DAUBER 4.
1844 Gosse in Zoologist 11. 582 These were the nests of
dirt-daubers.
Di-rt-eater. One who eats dirt : sce next.
1802 Beppores Hygéia vu. 70 The dirt-eaters of the
West-Indies. 7
Dirt-eating (d5ut)ftin), v4/. sd.
1. The eating of some kinds of earth or clay as
food, practised by some savage tribes, as the Otto-
maks of South America and some Arctic tribes.
2. A disorder of the nutritive functions character-
ized by a morbid craving to eat earth or dirt.
1817 Edin. Rev. XXVIII. 359 The accounts .. of the
Stomach-evil, sometimes called Dirt-eating. 1828 Life
Plan‘er Famaica (ed. 2) 97 For some time t she had
been addicted to dirt-eating (eating earth). .a disease, which
.. terminates in dropsy anddeath. 1834 HV’. /nd. Sk. Book
II. 49 The singular propensity to dirt-eating, a disease which
has acquired rom the French the name of mad d’estomac.
+ Dirten, 2. Obs. exc. dial.
dritten, pa: pple. of Drire v.; in later use f. Dirt
5b. +-EN4: cf. earthen.
1. Dirtied, defiled with excrement or filth.
1 Kennevie Fiyting w. Dunbar 25 Dirtin Dumbar,
quhome on blawes teow thy boist? 1508 Dunsar Flytin,
w. Kennedie 248 Rottin crok, dirtin dok, cry cok, or I sal
uell the, 1536 Bectenpen Cron. Scot, xvi. xix. (Jam.)
Thairfor ie pereey wes callit the dirtin rai
2. dial. Made of dirt.
pire Hatuwe t, Dirten, made of dirt. West.
m Allan: see Dirty ALLAN.
ily (dSatili), adv. [f. Dery a, +-Ly 2.]
1. In a dirty manner; foully, filthily.
1598 Foro, Sporcamente, filthily, foully..durtily. @ 1613
Oversury A ife (1638) He Nokes like hie Land, as
heavily and durtily. 1777 W. DacrympLe Trav. Sp. § Port.
xiii, We put up at a Fonda .. where we are dirtily lodged.
1789 Mrs. Prozzt Yourn. France 1, 10 The hounds were
ways dirtily and ill kept.
2. Ina manner that stains morality or honour ;
dishonourably, Sombcolsy sordidly,
a 1631 Donne a xii. ( 2 Such fold as that, where-
withal Almighty chymics .. Are dirtil Boe desperately
I'd. 166r R. L’Estrance /nterest Mistaken 133 How
irtily .. the Presbyterian crew treated his Majesty. 1709
Mrs. Centiivre Gamester v, "Tis dirtily done of you .. to
Dickens Dav. Copp. xxii, Five bob |
In early use, for |
Corr. Amer. Rev. (1853) 1V. 484 An i , dirtily em-
in sifting the conversations
(dd-atinés).
1. The quality or state of
aioe. os mn
1561 Stow Exg. Chron. Romans, an, 386 (R. is, whi
Tetons of the i a nd diet
of the place wherein it standeth. 1617 MARKHAM ‘Caval. v.
17 There will come much filth and durtinesse from the
horse. 1 Avam Smrru W, N. 1. x. (1869) 1. 105 The
wages of labour vary with..the cleanliness or dirtiness.. of
the employment. ye ge Times fe May 74/2 To throw
up a contract ..on the .. ground of the adirtiness of the
house.
2. Uncleanness of language ; sordidness of action.
1649 Futter Yust Man's Fun. 22 Let not the dimness of
our eyes be esteemed the durtiness of his actions. a 1677
Barrow Serm. Wks. 1716 I. 137 Degenerate wantonness
and dirtiness of speech. 1742 i. Wacrore Lett. H,. Mann
(2839) I. 106 You know I am above such dirtiness. 1856
F. E. Pacet Owlet Owdst. 74 The darkness and the dirti-
ness of the money-loving mind.
Dirtless (d-utlés), a. (adv.). [f. Diet sd. +
-Less.] Void of dirt.
a1618 Sytvester Mayden's Blush 577 The Wayes so
dust-lesse, and so dirtlesse faire. a 1745 Swirt (F. Hall).
1892 Pall Mall G. 21 Mar. 3/1 With a smile at the almost
dirtless room.
Dirt-pie. Mud or wet earth formed by children
into a shape like a pie; a mud-pie.
a 1641 SuckttnG (J.), That which has newly left off making
of dirt-pies, and is but preparing itself for a green-sickness.
m™
i Dirty a. + -NESS.]
ng dirty ; foulness,
1695 Concreve Love for L. iv. xiii, And for the young |
Woman ..I thought it more fitting for her to learn her
Sampler, and make Dirt-Pies, than to look after a Husband.
217% Nortn Exam. im. vi. § 64 (1740) 470 ‘Their Towns
..gave Way like Dirt Pyes before his Army. 1 Burke
Policy of Allies Wks. VII. 159 Busy in the confection of
the dirt-pyes of their imaginary constitutions. 1854 THack-
ERAY J. Leech's Pict. (1869) 333 Poor little ragged Polly
making dirt-pies in the gutter.
(da uti), a. Also 6-7 durtie, durty.
[f. Dirt sb. +-y¥!.]
1. Characterized by the presence of dirt; soiled
with dirt ; foul, unclean, sullied.
15.. Chester Pl. (E. E. T.S.) 143 D
arses, all by deene.
bouenx.
| adirty one. 1
e downe the dyrty |
1530 Patscr. 310/1 Dyrty with myers, |
1576 Fireminc Panofl. Epist. 405You..instormy |
weather, and durtie wayes .. come tripping to mee in your |
silcken sleppers. 1590 Suaxs. A/ids. N. u. i. 75 Heere the
maiden sleeping sound, On the danke and durty ground.
1630 A. Fohnson's Kingd. & Commw. 133 A beastly Towne
and durtie streets. 1684 Bunyan Pilgr. u. 64 How ‘tis
Dirty with the feet of some that are not desirous that
Pilgrims here should quench their Thirst. 1709 STEELE
ZVatler No. 35 ? 1 Vaking Snuff, and looking dirty about
the Mouth by Way of Ornament. 1838 Dickens Nich.
Nick. iii, Her apartment was larger and something dirtier.
1840 — Odd C. Shop iii, His hands..were very dirty.
b. Of the nature of dirt; mixed with dirt.
a 1533 Frith Wks. 136 (R.) To decline from the dignitie
of diuinitie into the dirtie dregges of vayne ee
1590 Spenser F. Q. 11. vi. 41 All his armour sprinckled was
with blood, And soyld with durtie gore. 1621 Burton
Anat. Mel. 1. ii. 1. x. (1651) 106 Taking up some of the
durty slime. 1842 Aspy I ater Cure (a4 80 Covered
with a dirty purulent mass. 1894 Labour Commission
Gloss. s.v. Coal, Dirty coal, pure coal mixed with stones,
shale and other refuse.
ce. That makes dirty; that soils or befouls.
1774 Gotvsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VILL. 138 ae 4 partake
of the same dirty drudgery with the rest. 1893 J. ULSFORD
Loyalty to Christ 11. 381 Whoever does hard work, or
dirty work, as to the Lord, under the disguise of his soiled
hands and garments, is putting on nobility.
da. Dirty half-hundred: yo to the 50th foot
(1st Battalion Royal West Kent), from the fact
that, during the Peninsular war, the men wiped
their faces with their black faci Dirty shirts :
the 1o1st foot (1st Battalion Munster Fusiliers),
from the fact that they fought in their shirt-sleeves
at Delhi in 1857.
ye’ like nothing I
except the facings of the ‘ Dirty half-hundred’. 1887 Daily
News 11 July (ibid, As the old Ben;
ment... they had won their honoura’
dirty shirts. /bid. 20 July 3/1 One who fought with
the old ‘ Dirty Shirts’ in the Sutlej campaign,
2. Morally unclean or impure = f paca
1599 Sanpys Z Spec. (1632) 20 No such blasphemin;
aeriekek ‘Sheph.
nor ie as before. B. Jonson Sad
u. i, Foul limmer, dritty lown! 1768 Sterne Sent. Yourn.
(1778) LL, 111 (Case Conse.) Then I 1 let him see 1 know
he is a dirty fellow. Brair Rhet. (1812) 1. xv. 350
Disagreeable, mean, vulgar, or dirty ideas. 1850 E. Firz-
Geran Lett. (1889) I. 206, 1 took it up by mistake for one
of Swift's dirty volumes.
b. That stains the honour of the persons en-
gaged; dishonourably sordid, base, mean, or cor-
rupt; despicable,
1670 Corton Esfernon i, v. 219 Branded with the durtiest
and most hateful of all Crimes. boy = Pager: Papers (Cam-
den) 253 To me he called it a dirty trick. @1764 PuLtENEY
in Beatson Nav. & Mil. Mem. (1790) 1. 26 Some Ministers
.. cannot do their Cg me withoutthem. 1859 KincsLry
Misc. (1860) 1. 39, 1 have done a base and dirty deed, and
have been punished for it. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commw. I.
Ivii. 399 ‘These two classes do the..dirty work of politics.
ce. E ee means.
1742 Youne Nt. Th. 1v. 353 praise. .Earn dirty bread
by washing AEthiops fair? 1784 Cowrer 7 ask ut. 808 Fish
| did not you keep me these in prison till I bid ~_ i
DIRTYISH.
his distp ond depenions bread From pools and :
Sie canon ith, hon Novel Cree XIV. Sp ite 2
agg ape penny of dirty money, ning
. An epithet of disgust or aversion: repulsive,
— oars , despicable. Whenua se
161r Suaxs. Cymd. ui. vi. 55 Those
Gods. 1618 Br. Haut Serm. v. 111 To scorn He deg
- aig Site WE See aoe to ecpire unto haere aa
1712 Avpison Sfect. No. 451 P 4 dirty Scribbler is
countenanced by great Names. 1730 Gay in Swift's Lett.
(1766) II. 121, 1 am determined to write to
those dirty fellows of the post-office do my letters.
1819 Byron. ¥uan 1. cli, "T'was for his dirty fee, And not
from or love to you.
4. the weather: Foul, muddy; at sea, wet
and squally, bad.
1660 Jer. Tavtor Duct. Dudit, u. 168 (L.) When this
snow is dissolved, a great deal of dirty weather will follow.
1748 P. Tuomas ¥rni. Anson's Voy. 102 As soon as we
came out to Sea, we had the same squally dirty Weather
as before we came in. 1836 Marryat Midsh. Easy xix, It
begins to look very dirty to windward. STOCQUELER
Handbk, Brit. India (1854) 404 Distinguished the
lar term of dirty spring, or mud season. . E.
orris Misadventure viii, He became aware dirty
weather was setting in.
_Sig. 1883 Stevenson Treas. /s/. 1. xxi, If they can..fire
- — us through our own ports, things wane begin to
look dirty.
5. Of colour: Tinged with what destroys =
or clearness; inclining to black, brown, or dar
grey.
1665 Hooke Microgr.74 The fouler the tincture be, the
more dirty will the Red appear. a 1704 Locke (J.', Pound
an almond, and the cl¥ar white colour will be altered into
J. F. Coover Pioneer xviii, The clouds
were dense and dirty. : rie
b. Prefixed, as a qualification, to adjectives of
colour. (Usually hyphened with the adj. when the
latter is used attributively.) h
1694 Scorin Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 1. (1711) 99 Both of
them are of a dirty white, but the Eggs have black specks.
1796 Wirneninc Brit. Plants 1V. 235 Pileus dusky greyish
hue with a cast of dirty olive. 1836 Macoiuiivray tr. Hn
boldt's Trav. xxii. 309 The colour of the troubled waters
upon it was of a dirty Bray. c 1865 Letuesy in Cire. Se.
1. 97/2 The spermaceti solidifies as a dirty-brown crystalline
mass.
6. Comb. a. parasynthetic, as dirty-coloured,
faced, -handed, -minded, -shirted, -shoed, -souled.
So dirty-face, a dirty-faced i
1658 Coxaine 7rappolin v. iii, man dirty-face, why
out? 1663 Kitticrew Parson's Wed. in
(1780) XI. 392 She looks like a dirty-soul’d bawd. 1705
Lond. Gas. No. 4132/4 Wears a light dirty-coloured Coat.
1823 in Cobbett Aur. Rides (1885) 1. 34 The house too neat
for a dirty-shoed carter to be allowed to come into. 1887
Pall Mail G. 20 Aug. 7/1 It is not the weak but the dirty-
minded Christians who see evil in ballet dancing.
b. Special comb.: Dirty Dick, Dirty John,
popular names of species of Chenopodium; dirty-
filling (see quot.): see also Dirty ALLAN,
1878 Britten & Hoitann Plant-n., Dirty Dick, Cheno-
— album. Chesh, From its growth on dunghills.—
Jirty John, Chenopodium Vulvaria. W. Chesh.
Latour Commission Gloss., Dirty Filling, loading
hutches or tubs with an excess of dirt in proportion to the
quantity of coal.
Dirty, v. [f. prec.
1. trans. To make Shey or unclean; to defile or
pollute with dirt; to soil. ard oan
1s91 Greene Disc. Coosnage (1592) 22 T
soe and shoos vpon purpose. Aves Marvett eh. Po vransp.
1. 212 The passage .. being so et ip with the Noncon-
formists thumbs. 1762 Deraick Let?, (1767) 11. 6x It would
be dirtying paper to send you any such productions.
Darwin Voy. Nat. i. (1879) 5 The dust falls in such
ties as to dirt we pr on board.
Jig. a 166% Futter Worthies, London (R.\, He rather
cused his fingers, then dirtied his in the matter of
the Holy Maid of Kent. 1835 R. H. Froupe Rem. (1838)
1. 395 I as such ph are in th Ives, they have
been dirtied. 1846 Lanpor /mag. Conv, IL. 200 Mostly
they dirty those they fawn on.
2. intr. To become dirty or soiled.
1864 Mrs. Cartyie Left, III, 231 Dark blue morocco ..
which won't dirty in a hurry.
Hence Dirtying vé/. sb.
1674 N. Fairvax Bulk § Selv. 23 A foolish blasphemy or
dirtying of God.
Allan. Also 9 dirten-, -allen, -aulin.
A species of skua, Stercorarius crepidatus, which
obtains its food chiefly by pursuing gulls and other
sea-birds, and forcing them to disgorge their prey,
which it then catches up; = D1kt-BIRD,
1771 Punnant Tour Scotl. in x 8 (Jam. s.v. Andin),
An ic Gull flew near the boat.
tes and ues the
Enongh an whee catches he
the water: the boatmen, on that
”
dirty. a
82g Hone Every-day Bh, 1.1189 Her hair wasof a dirtyish a
a
DIRUNCINATE.
flaxen hue, 1840 Zait’s Mag. VII. 127 Dirtyish yellow
loves. 1877 Besant & Rice Son of Vule. Prol. 17 Forty
Sirtyish five-pound notes.
Dirump, obs. var. of Disrump v.
+ Dirwncinate, v. Obs. rare—°. [app. f. L.
di-, dis- apart + Runcina goddess of weeding.]
1623 CockeraM, Diruncinate, to weed.
+ Birwyt, ppl.a. Obs. rare. [ad. L, dirupt-us,
pa. pple. f. dirumpéere to burst or break asunder.
See also Disrurt.] Rent asunder, burst open.
1531-2 Act 23 Hen. VIII, c. 5 § 2:'The walles..by rage of
the sea. .be so dirupte, lacerate, and broken.
“pt, v. Obs. rare. [f. L. dirupt-, ppl.
stem of dirumpére.| trans. To break asunder.
1548 Hat Chron., Edw, JV (1800) 341 Atropos..dirupted
. and brake the threde of his naturall life the 9th daie of Aprill.
+Diruption. Obs. rare. [ad. L. diruption-
em, n, of action f. dirumpére: see prec.] Breaking
or rending asunder ; disruption.
1656 Biount Glossogr., Diruption, a bursting, or breaking
asunder. 1680 H. More Afocal. Afoc. 233 As if that
Division had been a diruption caused by that Bacthauake:
+Dirutor. Ods. rare—°. [f. L. dirucre.]
1656 Biount G/., Dirutor, he that destroys or puls down.
Dirvesh, var. of Drrvisu.
Dirworthe, var. of DEARWoRTH a. Oés.
Diryge, obs. form of Dirce.
Dis- (ME. also dys-) prefix, of L. origin. [L.
dis- was related to dis, orig. *dvts = Gr. dis twice,
from duo, dvo0 two, the primary meaning being
“two-ways, in twain’.] In L., d/s- was retained
in full before c, A, g, s, 4, sometimes before g, 4, 7,
and usually before the vowels, where, however, it
sometimes became d@r- (as in azribére = dis +habére,
dirimére = dis + emére); before f, it was assimilated,
as dif: (as in dif-ferre, dif-frisus) ; before the other
consonants, it was reduced to di- (Dt-1). In late
L. the full ds- was often restored instead of di-
(ef. Eng. dismiss, disrupt); and the prefix itself
became of more frequent use by being substituted
in many words for L. dé-: see Dr- pref. 1.6. The
regular Romanic form of dis- (dif-) was des- (def-)
as in Olt., Sp., Pg., Pr., OFr. In F. s (f) before
a consonant became mute, and was finally dropped
in writing, giving mod.F. dé-. In OF. words of
learned origin adopted from L., the L. dis- was
usually retained ; and under the influefice of these,
dis- was often substituted for, or used alongside of,
des- in the inherited words, e.g. descorder, discorder.
The early OF. words in English exhibit the prefix
in these forms; des- prevailing in the popular
words, dis- (dys-) in those of learned origin. But
before the close of the ME. period, the latinized
form dis- (dys-) was uniformly substituted, and
des- became entirely obsolete, or was retained only
in a few words in which its nature was not distinctly
recognized, as Descant. All words taken from
L. in the modern period have d7s-.
Hence, in English, ds- appears (1) as the English
and French representative of L. dis- in words
adopted from L. ; (2) as the English representative
of OF. des- (mod.F. dé-, dés-), the inherited form
of L, dis-5 (3) as the representative of late L. dzs-,
Romanic des-, substituted for L. dé-; (4) as a living
suffix, arising from the analysis of these, and ex-
tended to other words without respect totheir origin.
In Latin, compounds in dés- were frequently the
opposites of those in com-, con-; e.g. concolor of
the same colour, dscolor of different colours ; con-
cordia concord, discordia discord ; conjunctio join-
ing together, désjunctio separation; compendium
profit, dispendium loss; consentire to agree in
feeling, dissentire to disagree in opinion, etc. In
cl.L. dés- was rarely prefixed to another prefix,
though discondiicére to be unprofitable, is used by
Plautus, and disconvenire to disagree, by Horace ;
but in late L. and Romanic, compounds in dscon-,
expressing the separation of elements of which
com-, con- expressed the junction, became very
numerous; many words of this type have come
down through Fr, into English, where others have
been formed after them: cf. déscoherent, discomfit,
discomfort, discommend, discompose, discompound,
disconnect, disconsolate, discontent, discontinue.
In some words beginning with dés-, the prefix is d/-, the
s being the initial of the radical (e.g. di-sperse, di-stinguish).
But by identity of phonetic change, ds- here also became
des- (sometimes reduced to de-) in OF., whence also des- in
ME. as desferse, destincte; at the Renascence these were
rectified to dis-. 5
The following are the chief senses of dzs- in Latin
and English :
I. As an etymological element. In the senses:
x. ‘In twain, in different directions, apart, asunder,’ hence
‘abroad, away’; as discernére to discern, discutére discuss,
dilapidére dilapidate, dimittére dismiss, dirumpére disrupt,
dissentire di distendére distend, dividére divide.
2, ‘ Between, so as to separate or distinguish’; as dijid?-
care to dijudicate, di/igére choose with a preference, love.
|
397
3. ‘Separately, singly, one by one’;
dinumerate, disputare dispute. | :
4. With privative sense, implying removal, aversion, nega-
tion, reversal of action (cf. Dr- I. 6), as discadced/us unshod,
difibulare to unclasp, digengie disjoin, displicére dis-
please, dissocidre dissociate, dissuddére, dissuade.
5. With verbs having already a sense of division, solution,
separation, or undoing, the addition of d7s- was naturally
intensive, ‘away, out and out, utterly, exceedingly’, as in
disperire to perish utterly, d/spudére to be utterly ashamed,
distedére to be utterly wearied or disgusted ; hence it be-
came an intensive in some other verbs, as di/auddare to praise
exceedingly, discupére to desire vehemently, désswaviri to
kiss ardently. In the same way, English has several verbs
in which d/s- adds intensity to words having already a sense
of undoing, as in disalter, disaltern, disannul,
II. As a living prefix, with privative force.
(Extended from 4, and like F. des-, dé-, used with verbs,
substantives, and adjectives, without regard to their origin.
1659 O. WALKER Oratory 31 Some Prepositions there are,
which may be prefixed at pleasure, as, #7, dis, ve.)
6. Forming compound verbs (with their deriva-
tive sbs., adjs., etc.) having the sense of undoing
or reversing the action or effect of the simple verb.
Usually formed by the addition of d/s- to an existing
verb; sometimes, however, formed from a sb. or adj. by
prefixing dis- and adding a verbal suffix, -7ze, -ave, -/y, etc.
Most of these formations, including all the more
important and permanent, are treated in their
alphabetical places as Main words, e.g. Disar-
FIRM, DISESTABLISH, DisowN. Of others, chiefly
nonce-words, examples are, d/sanagrammatize, dis-
angularize, disasinate, disasinize (to deprive of
asinine nature), désRyronize, discompound, dis-
deify, disdenominationalize, disdub, disexcommuni-
cate, dishellenize, dislegitimate, déspantheonize,
dispapalize, dispericrantate, disrestore.
1610 Donne Pseudo-Martyr § 54. 150 In the wordes of
him .. who cals himself Clarus Bonarscius but is unmask’d
and * Disanagrammatized by his fellow who calls him Carolus
Scribanus, c1820 G.S. FAper Eight Dissert. (1845) 11.14
The more flowing character, thus ultimately rounded off or
*disangularized, is .. denominated Rabbinical Hebrew.
1660 Howe. Parly of Beasts 28 Doth he [that asse] desire
to be *disasinated and become man again? 1868 Lowe...
Witchcraft Prose Wks. 1890 II. 361 Two witches who kept
an inn made an ass of a young actor.. But one day making
his escape .. he .. was *disasinized to the extent of recover-
ing his original shape. 1878 Scrtbner’s Mag. XV. 45/2
Europe was getting sadly *dis-Byronized, 1627-47 FELTHAM
Resolves 1. xvi. 53 The Papists pourtray Him [God] as an
old man and by this means *disdeifie Him. 1870 Q. Rez.
Jan. 292 The existing system [of education] might be *dis-
denominationalized to the utmost extent compatible with
the maintenance of .. energy in the conduct of the schools.
1566 Drant Horace Sat. v. D, I nowe can dubbe a protes-
tant, and eke *disdubbe agayne. 1647 Power of Keys iv.
105 [It] signifies receiving men into the Church, *disexcom-
municating. 1852 Grote Greece uN. Ixxvi. X. 21 During
most part of the Peloponnesian war, Cyprus became sensibly
*dishellenised. 1864 CartyLe Fredk. Gt. 1V. 258 Legitimated
in 1673..*dislegitimated again, x180xr Paris as it was II.
xlviii. 137 Marat ..was.. pantheonized, that is, interred in
the Pantheon. When .. reason began to resume her empire,
he was *dispantheonized, 1616 M. A. De Dominis Motives
78 A Spectacle..dangerous for Romanists to behold, lest it
should presently *dispapalize them. 1803 Lams Let. fo
Mr. Manning (1888) 1. 204 Liquor and company .. have
quite *dispericraniated me, as one may say. 1874 MicKLeE-
tawaitE Mod. Par. Churches 224 Old churches which have
been restored must be *7s-restored.
7. With substantives, forming verbs (with their
ppl. adjs., etc.) in the senses:
a. To strip of, free or rid of, to bereave or de-
prive of the possession of (the thing expressed by
the sb. element). Examples: déscharacter, dis-
crested, disennui, diseye, disfoliaged, disgeneral,
disgig, disheaven, dislaurel, dislipped, disnosed, di's-
number, disperiwig, dispowder, disring, distrouser,
diswench. See also DiscLouD, DIsEDGE, DisFrock,
DisHorn, DIsPEoPLE, DIsQUANTITY, DIsworTH, etc.
1563-87 Foxe A. § M. (1596) 131/2 If he did well in so
dispreesting and *discharactering Formosus for such privat
offenses. 1887 Swinsurne Locrine m. ii. 66 Discrowned,
disorbed, *discrested. 1829 Voung Lady's Bk. 363 Many
persons..have..run all over the world, to *disennui them-
selves. 1719 Lonnon & Wise Compl. Gard. 192 We search
about the Foot of the Artichoak, and separate or slip off
the Suckers or Off-stips..and that is called slipping or *dis-
eying. 1885 Scfence Apr. V. 352 ‘The *disfoliaged forest.
1890 S/ar 26 Nov. 2/7 If Parnell retires, Ireland is enfeebled,
and “disgeneraled. 1837 Cartyir AZisc. Ess. (1872) V. 156
Gigmanity “disgigged, one of the saddest predicaments of
man! « Daily News 6 Dec. 3/1 The effort of ‘gig-
manity ' to escape ‘disgigging’. 1877 Parmore Unknown
Eros (1890) 16 Yet not for this do thou *disheavened be.
1836 E. Howarp RX. Reefer vi, To the assistance of the al-
most *dislipped master’s-mate. 1881 Durrietp Don Quix.
III, xxvi. 189 Showing me here a *disnosed Melisendra. 1892
Pall Mall G. 1 Sept, 2/3 Stating that the coming Congress
of Orientalists is “disnumbered. 1865 Cartyte /redk. Gt.
1x. vii, She was much heated and *dispowdered (dépoudrée'.
1836 T. Hook G. Gurney I. iii. 106, 1 had forgotten to
“dis-ring my finger. 1603 FLorioMontaigne u. xxxvii. (1893)
508 Mine [attacks of stone] doe strangely *dis-wench me.
b. To deprive of the character, rank, or title of;
as dtsanimal, disarchbishop, disboy (-ment), dis-
¢ ittee, disc ticle, diselder, disminion, dis-
minister, disprince, disquixot, dis-Turk. See also
DispisHop, DISBROTHER, DISCHURCH, DIsMAN, etc.
1864 Times 10 Oct. 7/4 The boy has been so far *dis-
led that his r ing powers have been roused into
as dinumerare to
DISABILITY.
full vitality. 1875 Tennyson Q. Mary wv. ii, We had to
*dis-archbishop and unlord And make you simple Cranmer
once again. 1649 *Discommittee [see Disjustice]. 1683
O.U. Parish Ch. no Conventicles 34 Their little Variations
about Modes..will not be of validity to conventicle or *dis-
conventicle Parochial Churches. 1655 FULLER CA, //ist. vit.
xvi. § 12 Preferring rather .. to un-Pastor and *dis-Elder
themselves, 1599 Cwarman //um. Dayes MI. Dram. Wks.
1873 I. 73 Neuer was minion so *disminioned. 1743 H.
Watcrore Lett, //. Mann (1833) 1. 280(D.) Can you think..
him (Lord Orford] so totally *disministered as to leave all
thoughts of what he has been? 1847 TENNyson /’rincess V.
29 For I was drenched with ooze, and torn with briers.. And
all one rag, *disprinced from head to heel. 1832 J. P. Ken-
NnEDY Szvadlow B. v, 'Vhe most *disquixotted cavalier that
ever hung uphis shield. 1891 G. Merepitn One ofour Cong.
Il. iii. 54 ‘Vo *dis-Turk themselves.
ec. ‘To turn out, put out, expel, or dislodge from
the place or receptacle implied (cf. Dr- II. 2b) ;
as discastle, dischest, discoach, disroost. See also
DisBar, DISBENCH, DisBosoM, DISCRADLF, ete.
1876 G. Merepitu Beanch. Career I. ii. 24 The answer
often unseated, and once *discastled, them. 1579 J. Jones
Preserv. Bodie & Soule 1. xxiv. 45 Apt to out breathe, and
to “dischest the moistures, humors and iuyces of the body.
1629 SHIRLEY Grateful Servant 1.1, Madam, here is Prince
Lodwick Newly *discoached. 1702 C, Matuer J/agn.
Christi vu. App. (1852) 600 To disturb and “disroost these
mischievous rooks.
d. To undo or spoil : as DIscoMPLEXION.
8. With adjectives, forming verbs in the sense of :
To undo or reverse the quality expressed by the ad-
jective; as DisaBix, d¢sabsolute, disgood, disnew.
1640 Quarters Luchirid. ‘Vo Rdr., The variableness of
those Men “disabsolutes all Rules, and limits all umples.
1647 Warp Sip. Cobler 15 A dislocation, which so farre
disgoods the Ordinance, I feare it altogether unhallows it.
9. With a substantive, forming a new substantive
expressing the opposite, or denoting the lack or
absence, of (the thing in question), Such are:
disaffectation, disagslomeration, «discare, dts-
charity, disctrcumspection, disconcord, disgentus,
dishealth, atsindivistbiity, distnvagination. Cf.
also DISEASE, DISHONOUR, etc.
1887 Pall Mall G.1 Aug. 12/1 A prince of plain speaking
and “disaffectation. 1870 Contemp. Kev. XVI. 53 My re-
marks upon decentralization and *disagglomeration. 1649
J. H. Alotion to Parl, Adv. Learn. 16 A grosse neglect,
and ugly *dis-care of the Publick. @ 1868 Ip. BroucHam in
Hinsdale Garfield & Educ. (1882) 1. 203 ‘The parent of all
evil..all *discharity, all self-seeking. 1671 J. Davies S7dydis
1. vi. 12 We meet with many instances of *dis-circumspec-
tion, weakness, and an excessive credulity. @ 1631 Donne
Serm. John v. 22 (1634) 10 ‘Take the earth. .in this concord,
or this *disconcord. 1657 ReEve God's Plea 20 If he look
not the better to it, this Genius will be a *disgenius to him.
1887 Scot. Congregationalist. Oct. 136 Though suffering
from *dishealth, he was attentive to the sick. 1799 Spirit
Pub. Frals. (1800) II. 39 This indivisibility of yours turns
out downright *disindivisibility.
10.-Prefixed to adjectives, with negative force ;
as DISHONEST, @ésalzke, disanswerable, dispenal.
1563-87 Foxe A. §& AZ, (1596) 328/1 They are not cleane
contrary, but *disalike. 1600 Haxcuyr Moy. (1810) IIT. 13
Nothing *disanswerable to expectation. 1604 Sufpflic.
Masse Priests § 2'Vhrough the benefite of the *dispenall use
or toleration of their Religion.
q In Florio’s Italian-Engl. Dictionary (esp. in ed.
1611), a large number of words in dzs- are coined
to render It. words in a@s-, s-. Besides those else-
where dealt with, the following occur :
Disabound, disabondare ; disapostled, disapostolato; gis-
bolden, sbaddanzire; discourtiered, discor/egianato; discrup-
per, seroppare; diseclips, diseclissare; disfury, dis/uriare ;
diszianted, disgigantito; disgreaten, disgrandire; dishar-
nish, swagliare; dishumble, dishusiliare; disimplaster,
disimpiastrare; disinpouerish, dispouerish, spouerire; dis-
languish, d/slanguidire; disobstinate, d/sostinare; dispearle,
disperlare; dispoeted, sfoetato; dispupill, spupiliare ; dis-
purpose sd., disproposito; disruded, disuillanito; disuer-
million, disuermigliare; disuigor, disuigorire; diswhiten,
sbiancare; diswoman’d, sfeminato,
Dis., abbreviation of Discount; talso of L. ds-
putabilis proper for disputation (see quot.).
1574 M. Stoxys in Peacock Stat. Cambridge (1841) App
A. p. xiv, One of the Bedels must .. proclayme thorder of
their standynge..upon the Dis Dayes.. Yf it be Dys, then
..from one of the Clocke untyll fyve.
Disability (disabiliti). [f Disapve a., after
able, ability.)
1. Want of ability (to discharge any office or
function); inability, incapacity, impotence. b.
An instance of this. (Now rare in gen. sense.)
1580 Lupton Sivgila 139 His disabilitie to performe his
promise. 1772-84 Cook Moy. (1790) V1. 2038 Their whole
frame trembling and paralytic, attended with a disability of
raising their heads. 1856 Lever A/artins of Cro'M. 205 A
disability to contest the prizes of life even with such as Mr.
Massingbred. 1870 ANDERSON AZissionsA mer. Bd. LV. xxxix.
364 Crippled by the disability of its oldest native helper.
b. 1645 Mitton Colaster. Wks. (1847) 223/1 Disabilities to
erform what was covenanted. 1768-74 Tucker Lt, Nat.
I, u. xxi. (R.), Bringing on the inconveniences, disabilities,
rage and mental disorders spoken df. 1824 Westm. Rev.
I. 194 The author labours under many disabilities for
making a g ok.
e. Pecuniary inability or want of means.
1624 Jas. 1 Sf, in A. Wilson Life (1653) 267 My disabilities
are increased by the Charge of my oaned journey into
Spain. 1648 Boyte Seraph. Love (1660) 23. 1701 J. Law
Counc. Trade (1751) 72 It {V'axing] leavesa dissability equal,
and in proportion to its weight. 1857 Ruskin Pod. Econ.
DISABLE.
Art 18 What would you say to the lord of an estate who
complained to you of his poverty and disabilities ?
2. Incapacity in the eye of the law, or created by
the law; a restriction framed to prevent any person
or class of persons from sharing in duties or privi-
leges which would otherwise be open to them;
legal disqualification.
1641 Termes de la Ley 118, Disabilitie is when a man
:. by any..cause is disabled or made incapable to doe, to
inherit, or to take..advantage of a thing which otherwise
he might have had or done. 1 BLacksTone Comme.
1793) 554 The next legal disability is want of age. a 18
ACKINTOSH France in 1815 Wks. 1846 ILI. 193 Of all the
lessons of history, there is none more evident in itself..than
that persecutions, disabilities, i sy i
wrong to great ies of citizens,—are sooner or later
punished. 1832 Hr. Martineau /reland 117 The law has
at length emancipated us from our civil disabilities. 1849
Macautay Hist. Eng. Il. 11 His eagerness to remove the
disabilities under which the professors of his religion lay.
+ Disa‘ble, «. Ods. [Dis- 10.] Unable; in-
capable ; impotent.
14..Certain Balades, Lenuoy (R.), Consider that my con-
ning is disable To write to you. 1598 Drayton //eroic. Ep.,
Rich. II to Isabel, As my disable and unworthy Hand
Never had Power, belonging tocommand. 1615 MarkHAM
Eng. Housew. Pref., This imperfect offer may come to you
weak and disable. 1649 Jer. Tavtor Gt. Exemp. uu. Add.
§ 12. 98 To forgive debts to disable persons, to pay debts
for them. :
Disable (disé'-b’l), v. Also 5 dysable, 6-7
dishable. [f. Dis- 8+ ABLE a.]
1. trans. To render unable or incapable ; to de-
prive of ability, physical or mental, to incapacitate.
Const. from, formerly 40, for, or with znf.
1548 Gest ?’r. Masse 89 Lesse hys fyrst offering..be dis-
habled to the ful contentation of syn. 1574 J. Der in Le¢¢.
Lit. Men (Camden) 34 My father was dishabled for leaving
unto me due mayntenance. a1602 W. Perxins Cases Consc.
(1619) 328 Immoderate excesse, whereby we are vtterly dis-
abled from these..duties. a1627 W. ScLater Romans /V”
(1650) 127 We are wilfully disabled to performance. 1772-84
Cook Vay. (1790) 1V. 1534 Incumbered by many garments...
which must disable them to exert their strength in the day of
battle. 1848 Hamppen Bamft. Lect. Introd. (ed.3) 20 Men...
are disabled from understanding what they have been taught
to condemn. 1885 Lp. Secsorne in Law Kefp. 28 Ch, Div.
361 The Plaintiff. . by selling the property..disables himself
from doing that which by his pleadings he offers to do.
b. spec. To render (a man, animal, ship, etc.)
incapable of action or use by physical injury or
bodily infirmity ; to cripple.
1491 Caxton Iitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 11. 204 b/t, Lam
all dysabled of my membres. 1583 StaNynurRST Aeneis 11.
(Arb.) 63 Thee Gods thee cittye dishable. c¢ 1600 SHaks.
Sonn, Ixvi, Strength by limping sway disabled. 1606 G.
W[oovcockeE] tr. //ist. Justine 576 His continual sicknes ..
was like to dishable the gouernment and sway of so high
a place. 1712 Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) III]. 296
My writeing hand hath been disabled by a sprain. 1745
P. Tuomas Fraud. Anson's Voy. 283 A Wound in his Breast
by a Musket-ball. .disabled him at present. ¢ 1790 WitLock
Voy. 56 We were struck by a sea, which totally disabled us.
1893 /V/eekly Notes 85/2 A member being permanently dis-
abled by an accident. : :
+e. To injure, impair, or render less able 7 some
capacity; to deprive of the use of (some faculty,
power, or possession’, Const. 77, of. Obs.
1604 Jas. I Counterd. (Arb.) 110 How you are by this cus-
tome disabled in your goods. 1622 Matynes Anc. Law-
Merch. 435 All things that depriue or disable the debtor in
any of these, do weaken and lessen his meanes. 1660 F.
Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 292 He..disabled them of six-
teem thousand good horses.
2. spec. To incapacitate legally; to pronounce
legally incapable ; to hinder or restrain (any person
or class of persons) from performing acts or en-
joying rights which would otherwise be open to
them ; to disqualify.
1485 in Paston Lett. No. 883. III. 316 Piers, Bisshop of
Exeter .. with other dyvers his vobaltes and traytours dis-
abled and atteynted by the.. High Court of Parleinent.
1 in Vicary’s Anatomie (1888) App. iii. 156 Doctour
entley & doctour Yakesley. .examyners Admytted to hable
or disable suche as practise phisik & Surgery in London.
1612 Davies Why Jreland, etc. (1747) 105 The Irish were
disabled to bring any action at the Common Lawe.
Star Chamb, Cases (Camden) 111 M* Tuke the elder was
fyned 100! for this contempt, and to be imprisoned and dis-
abled in their testimony for ever. 1637 Decree Star Chamb.
§ 19 in Milton's Areop. (Arb.) 18 Vpon paine of being for euer
disabled of the vse of a Presse or printing-house, 1678
Lurrret Brief Re?. (1857) 1. 4 An act .. disabling = pra
from sitting in either house of parliament. 1700 /d/d. LV. 673
Papists, by the Act of Settlement, are disabled to inherit the
crown. 1862 Lo. Broucuam Brit. Const. xvii. 274 Statutory
provisions disabling the Judges from sitting in the House of
Commons. ; ;
3. To pronounce incapable; hence, to disparage,
depreciate, detract from, belittle ; ref. to depreciate
one’s own competence or fitness for an appointment
or honour (chiefly as a conventional tribute to
modesty). arch. or Obs,
a 1§29 Skeiton Reflyc. 26 Our glorious lady to disable
And heinously on her to bable. ¢ 1555 Harvsriztp Divorce
Hen, V111 (1878) 92 That .. presume so far to disable. .dis-
grace and infame this marriage. 1600 Shaxs. 4. Y. Z. 1.
1. 34 Farewell Monsieur Traueller :. .disable all the benefits
of your owne Countrie: be out of loue with your natiuitie.
— Crt. & Times Yas. I (1849) U1. 142 He disabled him-
self divers ways, but ially, that he thought himself un-
a to sit in that 1709 Strayer Ann, Ref, 1. xxvi.
294
en Sir Edward Rogers .. had recommended him to
398
the house to be their speaker, and Williams [the er
recommended) had disabled himself, Cecil. required him to
take the place. 1763 [see Disa: ‘
t ts) aaeer os wadtbede
1598 Haxtuyr Voy. I. 221 (R.) Neither meane I to
. ble or confi es
beene reported. 1665 GLANVILL Scepsis Sci. 53 Some few
of whose charges against Aristotle our Author indeavours to
defeat and disable. 1693 A fol. Clergy Scot. 25 The Council
may stop and disable the Laws.
isable, sé. [f. prec. vb.] The act of dis-
abling ; disablement. :
1827 Sir J. Barrincton Pers. Sk. 1. 16 A disarm is con-
sidered the same as a disable.
Disabled (disé"b'ld), iti. a. [f. DISABLE v. +
-ED!.] Rendered incapable of action or use, esp.
by physical injury ; incapacitated : see the verb.
1633 G. Hersert 7emple, Crosse iii, 1 am in all a weak
disabled thing. 1695. Lond. Gaz. No. 3142/2 He saw off the
Durces a disabled Ship. 1725 Pore Odyss. 111. 381 Shatter'd
vessels, and disabled oars. 1837 Ht. Martineau Soc. Amer.
ILI. 190 The families of intemperate or disabled men.
Disablement (disz-b’lmént). [f. as prec. +
-MENT.]
1. The action of disabling ; the fact or condition
of being disabled.
_ Pu. Henry Diaries & Lett, (1882) 322, 1 heard of y*
Death of Mr. Jo. Tho. .. after several yeares disablement.
1716 Soutn Serm. V. iv. 182 (T.) This is only an inter-
ruption of the acts, rather than any disablement of the [in-
tellectual judging] faculty. 1806 W. Taytor in Ann. Rev.
IV. 230 This practice brings on diseases of the foot and
ankles, and disablement for military service. 1853 Grote
Greece u. Ixxxv. XI. 249 Encouraged by the evident dis-
ablement of their enemies. 1884 Law Times 27 Sept. 356/1
Compulsory assurance, .against sickness and disablement.
2. The imposition of a legal disability.
1485 Acti Hen. VII in Materials Hist. Hen. VII (Rolls)
I. 120 Actes of attainder, forfeiture, and disablement. 1503-4
Act 19 Hen. IIT, c. 35 § 2 The seid acte of Atteyndre .. or
eny other thinges to the disabilment of the seid Gilbert and
of his heirez. a 1626 Bacon Observ. Libel in 1592 (T.), The
penalty .. was .. disablement to take any promotion, or to
exercise any charge. 1680 Baxter Answ, Stilling f1. iv. 26
By Imprisonment, Banishment, or Death, or such Disable-
ment.
+ Disa‘bleness. (és. [f. DisaBe a, + -NESS.]
1. Inability, incapacity.
1614 Markuam Cheap Husé. (1623) 65 A disablenesse to
bow downe his necke. 1665 Wither Lord's Prayer 122
A natural disableness to do any good.
2. The state of being disabled or injured.
1666 Perys Diary 4 July, Many of our ships coming in with
very small disableness.
Disabler (disé-bloi). [f. DisaBLe v. + -ER!.]
One who or that which disables. (By Puttenham
used for the figure mezos?s in rhetoric, expressing
disparagement : cf. DISABLE v. 3.)
1589 Putrennam Eng. Poesie ui. xvii. (Arb) 195 Such
speach is by the figure Meiosis or the disabler spoken of
hereafter in the place of sententious figures. /déd. 11. xix.
22 We call him the Disabler or figure of Extenuation.
sabling (diséblin), vd/. sd. [f. as prec. +
-InG! ] The action of the verb D1saBLe, q.v.
1 Acti1 Hen. VII, c. 30 Preamb., The said atteyndre
and dishabling of the said Gervys. 1555 Apr. Parker /’s.
Ixix. 188 They did it cast, to my disabelyng. 1658-9 Bur-
fon's Diary (1828) 11]. 248, I was against utter disabting in
the other case, because I would not have you meddle with
after Parliaments.
Disa‘bling, ///. a. [f. as prec. +-1NG*.] That
| disables: see the verb.
1756 Monitor 1. xxxii. 293 Must that fire .. be smothered
by disabling clauses in statutes? 1763 Harpwicke in Ld
Campbell Chancellors (1857) VI. cxxxvii. 288, I made all
the dutiful, grateful, Lut disabling speeches that became me.
1832 Lewis Use & Ad. Pol. Terms xv. 142 The absence of
a disabling law. 1856 Mrs. Browninc Aur. Leigh 1. ier
The creaking of the door ..Which let upon you such dis-
abling news. :
+ Disabri-dge, v. Obs. rare. [D1s-6.] trans.
To undo the abridgement of; to lengthen out.
1592 Svi.vester Du Bartas, Tri. Faith ui. xi, Hee, whose
life the Lord did dis-abbridge..The most religious matchless
Ezechias.
Disabusal (disabidzal). [f Disapuse v. +
-AL; after-abusal.] The action of disabusing; =
DISABUSE 5d. x
Mrs. W Sights & Ins.
sie kad eter gan Genbear
should make all plain.
+ Disabu'se, s/. Os. [f. Dis- 9 + ABUSE sd.
under influence of DisaBusk v.]. The act of dis-
abusing, or fact of being disabused.
1620 SHELTON Quix. IV. xxxiii. 253 I am aggrieved that
this Disabuse hath ha ed so late unto me. 1700 AsTry
tr. Saavedra-Faxardo 1. 339 Disabuse is the Son of Truth.
Disabuse (disabi#'z),v. [f. Dis-6 + Abuse v.]
1. “rans. To free from abuse, error, or mistake
(see ABUSE v, 4 b, sd. 2); to relieve from fallacy or
deception ; to undeceive.
1611 Cotcr., Desabuser, to disabuse, to rid from abuses.
Watton Angler 6, I in time to disabuse you and
make the cont evidently, 1669 Gace Crt. Gentiles
1, Introd. 7 To. ds heaton olede from those false I
1732 Pore Ess. Man u. 14 (Man) still by himself abus'de or
dieabus'd. 1856 Froupe /ist. Eng. (1858) 1. ii. 136 It re-
ined for Cl VII to disab men of their alarms.
IL. iii. 364 Whatever ..
y taking a course that
DISACCORDANT.
1872 Minto Eng. Prose’ Lit, Introd. 24 To disabuse their
‘minds of the idea that the one is wrong, the other right.
2. As an intensive of abuse: To mar, spoil,
misuse. Sc. 1825-80 in JAMIESON. *
Hence Disabu'sed ///. a. ;
da ge yy mage nag ay he sient a deliuered
e
ai. fan Wee gal aekeiperaey or reine
+ rpt, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6 +
Accept v.] trans. To refuse acceptance to, not
to accept; to decline.
1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. xlvii. (1739) 77 It had
formechy made many Sik proffers of service to this Island,
tit was .
+Disacce'ptable,¢. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 10.]
Not acceptable, unacceptable. -
1687 SertLe Ref. Dryden 63 Yet I hope my instructions. .
may not be wholly disscouptable:
+ Disacce ce. Obs. [f. Disaccert v.,
after acceptance.] Refusal to accept, non-accept-
ance.
1642 O. Sencwicke Eng. Preserv. 36 Particular and ex-
clusive actings .. serve onely to the disaccey of the
workes. a@ 1652 J. Smirn Sed. Disc.vii. 351 God's
| ordisacceptance of things is. . proportionable to his jud;
1720 S. Sewat Diary 23 M2 Cas pe 258 Gave the Govr.
500 only..He sent it back with a Note expressing his Dis-
acceptance,
Disaccommodate (disikgméde't), v. ? Obs.
[f. Dis- 6 + AccomMmopaTE v.] ¢rans. To put to
inconvenience, to incommode; the reverse of to
ACCOMMODATE.
1611 Cotcr., Desac der, to di d.
J. Rous Diary (Camden) 96 It may not onl disaccommo-
date, but occasion the hurte. .of many of his ies sub-
jects. 1767 Warburton Lett. (1809) 394, 1 hope this will not
disaccommodate you. 1826 SoutueEy in Q. Rev. XXXIV.
330 The neck and the hands .. were disaccommodated with
a haircloth tippet and haircloth gloves.
Disaccommodation («isikg:médé-fan), ?0%s.
[n. of action f. prec. : cf. AccomMODATION and Dis-
9.] The action of disaccommodating or condition
of being disaccommodated ; want of accommoda-
tion ; unsuitableness ; disa ment.
1619 Naunvon in Fortesc. Papers 95 he Venetians’ disac-
commodations with the Pope. 1660 BLount Boscobel 37 John
-. acquainted Mr. Whitgreave .. that His Maj was re-
turn'd to Boscobel, and the disaccommodation there.
1662 Perry 7a.res 23 Too great a confinement. .and withall
a disaccommodation in the time of the work. 1677 Hate
Prim. Orig. Man. 1. ix. 217 According to the accommoda-
tion or disaccommodation of thems [the places] to such Cala-
mities. /éid.1v. v. 332 The least disproportion or disaccom-
a of one to the other would spoil the whole
ork.
+ Disacco‘mpany, v. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 6 +
ACCOMPANY v.] ‘rans. To cease to accompany or
frequent; to deprive of one’s company. Hence
+ Disacco*mpanied ///. a., deprived of company;
unaccompanied ; unfrequented ; companionless.
1598 Fiorito, Sconuersare, to disaccompanie, to vnfre-
quent. Sewnuersatione, a panying, an q
ing. 1618 Daniet Coll. Hist. Eng. (1621) 20 To come dis-
acc ied was for neither [life nor honour). 1631 Ce/es-
tina Xxt. 201 Tell me what hast thou done with my daughter?
where hast thou bestow’d her? who shall accompany my
disaccompanied habitation ?
Disaccord (disikg-id), sd. [f. Dis- 9 + Accord
sb. after disaccord vb.: cf. ¥. désaccord.| The re-
verse of accord or harmony; disagreement, vari-
ance.
So Lett, (1856) LU. 132 Upon the nd of his
Poet bo their pa les xr Titics, ons Farrar
Witn, Hist, ii, 62 It was in nt disaccord with the ideal
of the Society in the bosom of which it rose. 1889 Sat. Rew.
19 Oct. 436/2 There is nodisaccord between what he is at the
outset and what he becomes. 7
Disaccord (disakpid), v. [ME. disacorde-n,
a, OF, desa(c)corder, f. des-, Dis- 4 + a(c)corder to
AccorD, after desa(c)cord sb. (12th c. in Hatz.-
Darm.).] éutr. To be out of accord or harmony;
to be at discord, to _ ; to refuse bane
t. Love ui. (R.), T presence a
bag he hing di : Sigg Bo tr. — Secret.,
Gov. Lordsh. 101 And if it disacorde to y! panne
it ys to be to loke whether it be epee ott cortatle Tue
3 Oya Dis pat qualytes er to be a
bey feacord fro pelt mein. 1561 T. Norton Cadvin's /nst.
1v. 111 From which also not muche disaccordeth the other
place of the Apostle aboue alleged. Srenser /..Q. vi.
iii. 7 A noble ..sought her to affy To a pis
te A
but she did disaccord, Ne could her liking to his
1805 Monthly Mag. XX. 147 This disaccords with the pr
date. 1874 Mivart Contemp. uel {o0e0) 210 An action. .
which disaccords with the action of chance. .
ce. rare. [f. DisaccorD v.,
after accordance: cf. OF. pee vena Dis-
agreement ; = DisaccorD sé. :
1862 T’. ‘ eure Moree 1: viii. md 3 Be —
holl. isaccordance with Tuscan ideas. i
Sensis Sueaiias Plant ill. ut. xi. 76 Had her own feelings
been all along in disaccord: to her her’s ?
rrdant (disikfidant), a rare. [a
F. désaccordant, A¥. disaccordant (14th c.
Godef.), pr. pple. of désaccorder to DisaccorD.]
Not ing, not in accord.
ipa Pasnan Chron, 75 1 i daca ate ose
AuLEy Festus xix. (1
of all phn Most disaccordant.
DISACCOUNT.
+ Disaccou'nt, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6, 7+
Account zv. or sb.] trans. To strike out of an ac-
count or reckoning.
1640 Eart Cork in Sir R. Boyle's Pier Ser. 1. (1886)
V. 160 That rsol! is by him to be repaid and disaccownted.
Disaccustom (disaky’stam), v. In 5 dysac-.
[a. OF. desacoustumer, desacostumer (12-13th c.),
mod.F. désaccoutumer, f. des-, DiS- 4+ acostumer,
accoutumer to AccusTOM.]
1. trans. To render (a thing) no longer customary;
to disuse, break off (a habit or practice). arch.
1484 Caxton Curiall 3 He shal dine. .and..soupe in suche
facon that he shal dysacustome hys time and hys maner of
lyuyng. 1594 Constasie Diana vi.iv, And I though dis-
accustoming my Muse. . May one day raise my stile as others
use. 1610 Donne Psendo-Martyr 43 Those stiles, which
Christian humilitie hath made them dis-accustome and
leave off. 1814 Cary Dante, Paradise xvi. 11 With greet-
ing such as Rome was first to bear, But since hath dis-
accustom’d,
2. To render (a person) unaccustomed or unused
to something (to which he was previously accus-
tomed); to cause to lose a habit. Const. Zo, + from.
1530 Patscr. 517/1 For one that is disacustumed, it is
agreat payne to be brought in good order. 1636. Dacres tr.
Machiavel’s Disc. Livy. xvii. 90 Sufficient, to disaccustome
them to the ill, and accustome them throughly to the good.
1686 F. Spence tr. Varilias’ Ho. Medicis 306 ‘The people
might be disaccustom’d from exercising them. 1836 Sir W.
Hamitton Discuss. (1852) 271 Such application insensibly
disaccustomed us to the use of our reason. 1881 H. JAMES
at Lady xxxii, Disaccustomed to living with an in-
valid, 4
Hence Disaceu‘stomed /// a.; Disaccu'stomed-
ness; also | Disaccu’stomance (o/s.), disuse.
1g0z Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1v. xxii. 299
Moeuynge the helpe of god hym to dyscustome, unto the
whiche dysacustomaunce be not many comyn in the espace
of .xx. or .xxx. yeres. 1580 SipNeY Arcadia ww. (1622) 412
Some long disaccustomed paines. 1632 SHERWoon, Disac-
customednesse, desaccoustumance. 1825 SoutHEY Tale
Paraguay i. 46 How strangely to her disaccustom'd ear
Came even the accents of her native tongue !
Disacidify (disasi-difoi), v. rare. [Dis- 6.]
trans, To do away with the acidity of.
1864 in WessteR. 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex.
+ know'ledge, 52. Ods. [f. next: cf.
ACKNOWLEDGE sé.] The act of disacknowledging ;
non-acknowledgement.
1603 Fiorto Montaigne 1n.ix. (1632) 536 The most ordinary
assurance I take of my people, is a kinde of disacknowledge
or neglect. i
Disacknowledge (diséknglédz),v. [f. Dis-
6+ ACKNOWLEDGE v.| ¢rans. To refuse to acknow-
ledge ; to renounce, disown.
598 Fiorio, Scondscere, to disacknowledge. Sconosciuto,
disacknowledged, forgotten. 1613 Marknam Zug. Hus-
bandman 1. U1. xiv. (1635) 187 These violent opinions I alto-
ether disacknowledge. 1692 Sout 12 Sevm. (1697) I. 108
yy words and oral expressions verbally to deny, and dis-
acknowledge it. 1836 Marryar ¥afhed Ixxiv, I disinherit,
I disacknowledge you. 1859 Trottore Bertrams II. v.
75 You are not the man to disacknowledge the burden.
Hence Disacknow'ledging v0/. sd.; also Dis-
acknow'ledger, one who disacknowledges; Dis-
acknowledgement, the fact of disacknowledging.
1650 B. Discolliminium 8 No..c ientious Subject ought
to obey such a Power .. with an acknowledgement of its
Authority, or without a disacknowledgement of it. @1
Hammonp /V&s. II. 11. 135 (R.) A disacknowledging or re-
jecting the due government. 1661 Pr. Sanperson isc.
(673) 55 A disacknowledgment of the Kings Authority and
upremacy Ecclesiastical. 1665 J. SERGEANT Sure/footing
ror Disacknowledgers of Tradition.
Disacquai‘nt, v. ? Ods. [f. Dis- 6+ Acquarnt
v.] trans. To make no longer acquainted; to
estrange ; to render unfamiliar (quot. 1567). Hence
Disacquai'nted Af/, a.
1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par, Luke xvi. 16 Ye must now
disacq} and est: yourselfes from the sour old wine
of Moses lawe. 1567 Dranr Horace’ E fist. vi. D j, Seeke
how to chase that griefe awaye to make it disaquainted.
1635 QuarLes Emblems 1. viii. (1718) 33 When disacquainted
sense mes a stranger, And takes no knowledge of an
old disease, 1677 Hate Contemipi. 11. 89 This kind of dealing
.. Will in a little time dis-acquaint the Soul with them, and
make the Soul and them strangers one to another.
Disacquaintance (disikwéi-ntins). ? Obs.
[£ prec., atter acguaintance : cf. Dis- 9.] The state
of being disacquainted ; want of acquaintance; un-
familiarity.
1589 PuTrENHAM rat apt Poesie 1. ix. (Arb.) 169 The
straungenesse. . proceedes but of noueltie and disaquaintance
with our eares. 1672 Baxter in Life ¥. A lleine (1838) I. 3
Men’s Strang: and di intance with those that are
good. 1830 Lams Let. fo Gilman Wks. (1865) 165 The
innocent taste of which [milk-porridge] I am anxious to re-
new after half a century's disacquaintance.
Disacrone: sce next,
Disacryl (disekril). Chem. [f. D1s- (imply-
ing disintegration or dissolution) + AoryL.] A
white flocculent substance into which acrolein
changes when kept for some time. Called also
disacrone.~ Also attrzb., as disacryl resin, a resin-
ous matter similarly formed.
1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem. II. 336 Acrolein when kept
.. changes sometimes .. into a resinous matter, disacryl
resin. isacryl is a white, tasteless, inodorous powder
which becomes strongly electrical by friction.
399
+ Disada'pt, 2. Ods. rare—°. [f. Dis- 6 +
Apapt v.] trans. To render unfit. Hence Dis-
adapted ff/. a., Disadapting vd/. sb.
1611 Corcr., Desagencer, to disadapt, disadiust. did.,
Desagencé, disadapted, disadiusted. /éid., Desagencement,
a disadapting, disadiusting.
+Disadju'st,v. Ods. rare. [f.D1s-6 + Apsust
v.] trans. To undo the adjustment of; to unsettle,
disturb. Hence Disadju‘sted ///. a., Disadju st-
ing w/. sb, a
16rr Corer. [see prec.] 1746-7 Hervey Medit., Ox
Night u. (1748) 50 When the ‘Vhoughts are once disad-
justed, why are they not always in Confusion ?
+ Disadmo:nish, v. 0ds. rare. [f. Dis- 6+
ApDMONISH v.] ¢rans. To dissuade, to disadvise.
1611 CotGr., Desadmonesté, disadmonished, or dissuaded.
1847-78 in HALLIWELL.
+ Disado'rn, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + ADoRN
v.]) trans. To deprive of adornment; to disfigure.
1598 Fi.orio, Disbranare, to disadorne or spoile of brauerie.
1621 G. Sanpys Ovia’s Met. 1x.(1626) 176 My brow. .[he] dis-
adornes : By breaking one of my ingaged hornes. @1729
Concreve //omer's Hymn Venus (1 .), She saw grey hairs
begin to spread, Deform his beard, and disadorn his head.
+ Disadva‘nce, v. Ods. [ME. dzsavaunce, a.
OF. desavancer to repel, push back, hinder (14th
c. in Godef.), f. des-, Dis- 4 + avancer to ADVANCE
he for non-etymological change of a- to ad-).] -
. trans. To check the advance of, hinder from
advancing, drive back, cause to retreat.
1374 CHaucer 7voylus u. 462 (511) Right for to speken of
an ordenaunce, How we Grekes myghte disauaunce.
c 1450 Merlin 658 ‘To disavaunce the Emperour, and by-reve
hym the wey to Oston. 1659 D. Pete Jpr. Sea 131 ‘Whe
more they sail southward, the more they advance the Antar-
tick, and disadvance the Artick [pole].
b. To draw back; to lower (anything put for-
ward).
1596 SPENSER J’. Q, IV. iii. 8 That forced him his shield to
disadvaunce. /déd. iv. iv. 7 Which th’ other seeing gan his
course relent, And vaunted speare eftsoones to disadvaunce.
1611 SPEED //ist, Gt. Brit. 1x. vii. (1632) 533 Hee displayed
his Ensignes, till for the French Kings loue he was content
to dis-aduance them.
2. fig. To hinder from advancement, progress, or
promotion; to throw back; to cast into a lower
condition or position.
ax1420 Hoccteve De Reg. Princ. 1358 He slipirly stant
whom that thow [Fortune] enhauncest, For sodeynly thow
hym disavauncest. c¢1450 Merlin 250 Men..hadden grete
drede that for the faute of her prowesse that holy cherche
and cristin feith were disavaunced. 1530 PatsGR. 517/2,
I disavaunce, I disalowe or hynder, ye desauance. 1
Painter Pad. Pleas. (1890) II, 102 The daughters..be dis-
auaunced and abased.
3. zztr. To cease to advance, stop short.
16r0 G. FLetcuer Christ's Vict. u. iii, But when they saw
their Lords bright cognizance Shine in his face, soon did
they disadvance, And some unto him kneel, and some about
him dance. :
Hence Disadva‘neing vé/. sb., retrogression.
1659 D. Pett /mpr. Sea 13 Their [the stars’) advancings
and disadvancings.
Disadvantage (disédva-ntédz), sd. Also 4-6
des-, 5 dys-. [ME. des-, désavauntage, a. F. dés-
avantage (13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), f. des-, Dis- 4
+ avantage ADVANTAGE.]
1. Absence or deprivation of advantage; an un-
favourable condition or circumstance.
1530 PatsGr. 213/2 Disavauntage, desauantaige. 1597
Suaks. 2 Hen. IV, u. itt. 36 Him did you leaue vn-seconded
by you, To looke vpon the hideous God of Warre, In dis-
aduantage. 1607 — Cor. 1. vi. 49 Martius we have at dis-
aduantage fought And did retyre to win our purpose. 1639
Futter Holy War w. xii. (1840) 199 Never could the Chris-
tian religion be showed to Pagans..on more disadvantages.
1751 Jounson Rambler No, 180 P 3 Every condition has its
disadvantages. 1782 Cowrer Let, 7 Mar., You must have
seen her toa disadvantage. 1837 Disraei Vevetia u. ii, Her
regret of the many disadvantages under which he laboured.
1881 Jowett 7hucyd. 1.85 A noble nature should not be re-
venged by taking at a disadvantage one as good as himself.
2. Detriment, loss, or injury to interest; diminu-
tion of or prejudice to credit or reputation.
¢1380 Wyciir Se?. Wks, I11. 351 Whoso synnep for avan-
tage of himsilf, his synne makip disavauntage of pat pat he
wenep turne to good. 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 161
Childern leueb Freynsch & construep & lurnep an Englysch,
& habbep per-by avauntage in on syde, & desauauntage yn
anoper. 1 Act 4 Hen. VII, c. 22 Your seid liegemen
.. Susteyn and bere grete losses hinderaunce and disavaunt-
age. 1618 Naunton in Fortesc. Pagers 68 They speake
there all they can to the disadvantage of our nation. 1667
Mitton P. L. vt. 431 Some disadvantage we endur'd and
ine, Till now notknown. r71x STEELE Sfect. No. 136 P 3,
. never speak Things to any Man's Disadvantage. 1755
Jounson s.v. He sold to disadvantage. 18.. Bancrort
(Webster 1864) They would throw a construction on his con-
duct to his disadvantage before the public. A/od. Having to
realize on a falling market we had to sell to disadvantage.
Disativa‘ntage, v. [f. prec. sb.: cf. ADVAN-
TAGE v., and F, désavantage-r (1507 in Hatz.-Darm.),
f. désavantage sb.] trans. To cause disadvantage
to; to place in an unfavourable position ; to affect
unfavourably.
¢ 1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden) I, 262 Canulus
..-knew that the pollicie of his adversarie wolde muche
disadvayntage him. 1579-80 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 95t
He..made their lands-waste, to disadvantage their enemies
‘ derogatory, depreciative, disparaging.
DISADVESTURE.
by so much the more. 1647 Warp Simp. Cobler 73 Sun
and wind cannot disadvantage you. 1731 Fiecpinc Let.
Writers ut. vi, You will be disadvantaged by the discovery.
1871 BrowninG Badaust. 414 Yet faltering too..As some-
how disadvantaged, should they strive.
Hence Disadva‘ntaged ///. a., Disadva‘ntag-
ing vd/. sd.
1611 Cotcr., Desavantagé, disaduantaged. 1646 Satt-
MARSH Swoke in Temple 2 ‘Yo the advantaging or dis-
advantaging the cause. 1648 Boyte Seraph. Love x. (1700)
58 Their. .disadvantaged Beauty is made the Compliment
and Hyperbole of that Quality. 1879 H. Spencer Data of
Ethics xi. ee 188 The uniform principle has been that the
ill-adapted, disadvantaged in the struggle for existence,
shall bear the consequent evils.
+ Disadvantageable, 2. Obs. [f. Disap-
VANTAGE, after advantageable: ef. Dis- 10.] At-
tended by disadvantage; disadvantageous, preju-
dicial.
1597-8 Bacon Ess., Expense (Arb.) 54 Hastie selling is
commonly as disaduantageable as interest. 1613 F. Ro-
BARTES Revenue Gospel 116 It is very disaduantageable to
the glorie of God and saluation of men. 1631 Br, Weppe
Quietn. 127 A disaduantageble peace is to be preferred
before a just war.
Hence + Disadva'ntageably adv. Ods., in a dis-
advantageous manner, to the disadvantage or pre-
judice (of any one).
1627 Lisander & Cal. x, 222 Hee had..spoken so dis-
advantagably of her.
Disadvantageons (dise:dvanté'dzas),a, Also
7-8 -ious. [f. D1s-10 + ADVANTAGEOUS, perh. after
F, désavantageux (15-16th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).]
Attended with or occasioning disadvantage; un-
favourable, prejudicial.
1603 Hoitanp Plutarch's Mor. 168 To enter into some
disadvantageous promise. 1608 T. Morton Pream. En-
counter 7o Intolerably disaduantagious vnto the Romish
part. 1670 Mitton //ist, Eng. vi. Harold (1847) 560/2
‘The English were in a streight disadvantageous place.
1749 Fievpinc Tom Yones ut. ii, We are obliged to bring
our hero on the stage in a much more disadvantageous
manner than we could wish. 1861 Emerson Soc. & Sodit.,
Ola Age Wks. (Bohn) III, 131 The creed of the street is,
Old Age is not disgraceful, but immensely disadvantageous,
1874 GREEN Short Hist. ix. § 8. 684 ‘To consent to a dis-
advantageous peace,
b. ‘Tending to the disadvantage or discredit of
the person or thing in question; unfavourable;
? Obs.
1663 CowLry Ode Restoration viii, Seen..in that ill disad-
vantageous Light, With which misfortune strives t'abuse our
sight. 1709 Swirt 7. 7b Apol., Fixes. .a disadvantageous
Character upon those who never deserved it. @1776 Hume
Less. Princ. Govt. (R.), Whatever disadvantageous senti-
ments we may entertain of mankind. 1807 G. CHALMERS
Caledonia 1. 1. ii. 69 Herodian concurs with Dio in his
disadvantageous representation of the civilisation. among
the Caledonian clans.
Disadvanta‘geously, «a/v. [f. prec.+-1y.]
In a disadvantageous manner; with disadvantage ;
to the disadvantage of the person or thing in ques-
tion; unfavourably, prejudicially.
1611 Corcr., Desadventageusement, disaduantagiously.
1631 Star Chamb. Cases (Camden) 20 It hath fallen out to
be heard disadvantagiously for some. 1696 tr. Du Mont's
Voy, Levant 353 You have spoken disadvantageously of
the Government before a Guardian. a1797 H. Wavpo.e
Mem. Geo. I1, (1847) II. ii. 49 The question was opened
disadvantageously for the court, 1862 S. Lucas Secwlarta
47 That national indifference to social philosophy, in which
we compare so disadvantageously with the first nations of
the continent.
Disadvanta‘geousness. [f. as prec. +
-NESS.] The quality of being disadvantageous ;
unfavourableness.
1727 in Batey vol. II. 1782 Tyers Rhafs. on Pope 5(T.)
This disadvantageousness of figure he converted.. into a
perpetual spur to..deliver himself from scorn.
+Disadventure. Os. [ME. désaventure, a.
OF. desaventure, desadventure (in Godef.), f. des-,
Dis- 4 + aventure ADVENTURE] Misadventure,
mischance, mishap, misfortune.
¢1374 Cuaucer Troylus 11. 366 (415) If I, thurgh my dis-
aventure, Had lovid other hym or Achilles. ¢1470 Harpinc
Chron., ii, With streames to and fro, And tempestes greate,
and sore disauenture. 1577 Fenton Gold. Epist. 214 It is
accounted more to disaduenture than to sinne. 1 Spen-
ser F. Q. 1. i. 45 For never knight, that dared warlike deed,
Morelucklessdisadventures did amate. 1638Sir 7. Hersert
Trav. (ed. 2) 275 Barames a noble Persian by hap escaped,
but not a second disadventure. ‘
+ Disadve‘nturous, @. Ods.. Also 6 disad-
ventrous, disaventrous. [f. prec., after ADVEN-
rurous: cf. obs. F. desaventureux (in Cotgr.1611).]
Unfortunate, disastrous.
1590 SPENSER FQ. 1. ix. rr And who most trustes in arme
of fleshly might .. Doth soonest fall in disaventrous fight.
rsgt — 1. Hubberd 100 For to wexe olde at home in idle-
nesse, Is disaduentrous, and quite fortunelesse, 1596 —
FQ... viii. 51 An hard mishap and disaventrous case Him
chaunst. 1 Rowe Jameri/. 1. i. 283 The Merit of his
Virtue hardly match’d With disadventurous Chance.
+ Disadve'st, v. Obs. rare—°. [a. OF. des-
advestir, f, des-, Dis- 4 + advestir to ADVEST.]
1611 Corcr., Desadvestir, to disseise, disad » dis-
possesse, disinherite.
Hence + Disadve'sture.
1611 Cortcr., Desadvest, a disseisin, disp
aduesture, disinheriting.
» dis-
DISADVISE.
Disadvi'se v. [f. Dis- 6 + Apvise.]
1. trans. To give advice against (an action or
course) ; to advise that (it) should not be done.
1636 Lo. Wentwortn Le?. in Carte Ormonde (1735) 14,
I must in any case disadvise it, till you hear further from
me. oLcrort Procopius wv. 149 Thorisin demanded
herein the opinion of the principall G les, who plainely
disadvised it. 1749 Fievpinc /om Jones w. iv, 1 should
disadvise the bringing any such action. 1798 W. Taytor
in Robberds Mem. I. 216 Every one of his friends has dis-
advised the measure. 1882 C. Epwarpes tr. Leofardi's
Ess. §& Dial. 166, 1 do not fail..to disadvise the search after
that cold and miserable truth. ; :
2. To advise (a person) against an action or
course ; to dehort from.
_ 1687 Boyvte Martyrd. Theodora iv. (1703) 55 An apostle,
who, though not unfavourable to the Marriage state, dis-
advises those women that are free, from entering into it.
1855 Tro.tore Warden xviii, I am sure he disadvised you
from it.
+ Disadvi'sed, A//.a. Ods. s ;
VISED, after OF. desavisé.] Imprudent, ill-advised,
inconsiderate.
15.. in Q. Eliz. Acad. (1869) 73 In whatsoeuer you doe,
be neyther hasty nor disaduised.
+ Disaffe'ct, s/. Ols. rare—'. [f. Dis- 9 +
Arrect sé., after AFFECT v.*] = DISAFFECTION 3.
1683 Satmon Doron Med. 1. 391 Convulsions, Gouts,
Cholick and other Disaffects coming from frigidity.
+ Disaffect, a. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 10 + AFFECT
[f. Dis- 10 + Ap- |
| jects. x7:
ppl. a.: prob. viewed as short for désaffected.] = Dis- |
AFFECTED I,
1682 Lond. Gaz. No. 1694/3 Levying War upon..the Ar-
bitrary Orders of a Disaffect..part of Parliament.
Disaffect disafe-kt), v.! [f. Dis- 6 + Arrecr
v1 Cf. mod.F. désaffecter (19th c.)]
1. ¢rans. To lack affection for ; to dislike, regard
with aversion, be unfriendly to. Obs. or arch.
1621 Br. H. Kine Serv.,To Rdr.,1 haue not yet so doted on
their part, or dis-affected my owne. 1626 Suirtey Brothers
1. i, Unless you disaffect His person. 1708 SHAFTESBURY
Inquiry Virtue i.2Vhe heart must rightly and soundly affect
what is just and right, and disaffect what is contrary. 1755
Younc Centaur i. Wks. (1757) 1V. 124 How comes it to pass,
that men of parts should so much disaffect the Scrip-
tures? 1890 West. Meth. Mag. Jan. 47 I you disaffect a
Vestry or a Classroom, set apart your drawing-room once
a week, : ;
2. To estrange or alienate the affection of; to
make unfriendly or less friendly; sfec. to discon-
tent or dissatisfy, as subjects with the government ;
to make disloyal. (Mostly in pass’ve: see Dis-
AFFECTED 1.)
1641 Remonstr. Commons in Rushw. Hist, Coll. 1. (1692)
I. 439 ‘Fo disaffect the King to Parliaments by Slanders and
false Imputations. 1680 Lurrrett Brief Rel. (1857) I. 36
Many libells are thrown about to disaffect the king and his |
people. 1792 G. Wasuincton Let. Writ. 1891 XII. 172 We
have fresh .. representations .. of their endeavoring to dis-
affect the four southern tribes of Indians towards this
country.
raise Cain by disaffecting the other workmen. 1 3 Marie
1893 Chamb. Frnl. 21 Jan. 46/1 You .. began to |
Coretu Baradéas iv. (1894) 28 A pestilence in this man’s |
shape doth walk abroad to desolate and disaffect the pro-
vince.
+ Disaffe'ct, v.2 Ods. [f. Dis- 6 + Arrecr v.7]
trans. To affect inan evil manner ; to disorder, de-
range, disease.
1625 Donne Ser, xx. 192 The more it works upon good
Men, the more it disaffects the Bad. a1656 UssHer Aux.
vi. (1658) 773 That disease was like none of ours; the head
was disaffected, and that Lary dried, killed many. a 1660
Hammonn Serm. xxiii, (T.), It disaffects the bowels, en-
tangles and distorts the entrails. 1688 Boye Final Causes
Nat. Things iv. 200 If the eyelids, which are subject to
more than one distemper, be considerably disaffected.
Disaffected disafektéd), pp/. a. [f. Disar-
rect v.!,++-ED1.] I. Pa. pple. of Disarrecr v.!.
1. Evilly affected ; estranged in affection or alle-
giance, unfriendly, hostile; almost always sfec.
Unfriendly to the government or to constituted
authority, disloyal.
1632 St. rials, H. Sherfield (R.), But in as much as he
is accused of infidelity .. to Almighty God .. and to be dis-
affected to the king. 1678 Hickes in Ellis Orig. Let?.
Ser. n. IV. 51 The Court was full of disaffected villains.
1711 Appison Sfect. No. 131 ® 7, I pass among some for
a disaffected Person. 1809 Morning Post 13 July, The dis-
affected crowded to the standard of these traitors. 1823
Scorr Peveril i, Major Bridgenorth was considered .. as a
disaffected person to the Commonwealth. 1849 Cospen
Speeches 42 A measure which will tend to make the people
contented and happy citizens, jnstead of being miserable,
dejected, and disaffected. 4 :
. Disliked, regarded with aversion. rare.
1649 Br. Haut Cases Consc. (T.), To cast her against her
mind upon a disaffected match.
II. Pa, pple. of Disarrecr v.2
+3. Affected with disease, disordered. Ods.
1664 Butter Hud. u. ii. 505 As if a man should be dis-
sected, To find what part is disaffected. GLANVILL
Scepsis Sct. x. (R.), And if our disaffected es resent
nought but bitterness from our choicest ved.
Hence Disaffe’ctedly adv., Disaffectedness.
1709 Strvre Ann. Ref. 1. xlviii. 522 Out of private hatred
isaffectedness, 1 Battey (folio), tac ar
disatisfiedly. 1793 J. Wituiams Calm Exam. 59 'y look
disaffectedly and with scorn at the t rulers.
on (disafe fon). [f. Dis- 9 + Ar-
| w.]
400
FECTION; orn. of action f, Disarrecr v.! and 2,
after affection.]
1. Absence or alienation of affection or kindly
— dislike, hostility: see ArrEcTIoN 6.
1640 Sanperson Serm. Il. 145 Chastening is .. far from
being any argument of the father’s dis-affection. 1643 MiLton
Divorce i. vii. (1851) 78 Not to root up our naturall affec-
tions and disaffections. 1655 Futter Ch. Hist. x. iii. § 6
His disaffection to the discipline established in England.
1706-7 Farquuar Beaux Strat. m1. iii, What Evidence can
ve the unacc ble Disaffections of Wedlock? 1879
STEVENSON 7rav. Cevennes 87 Modestine..seemed to have
a disaffection for monasteries.
2. sfec. Political alienation or discontent ; a spirit
of disloyalty to the government or existing authority:
see DISAFFECTED I. .
ay Jonson Volpone 1. i, Nor any dis-affection to the
state Where I was bred. 1683 Hrit. Spec. 218 To take awa
all Occasions of Disaffection to the Anoi dof ten Lard.
1697 DAMPIER = I. 371 The whole Crew were at this time
under a general disaffection, and full of very different Pro-
Jounson Rambler No. 204 ? 2 Thou hast re-
conciled disaffection, thou hast suppressed rebellion. 1808
Syp. Smita Wés. (1867) I. 115 A very probable cause of dis-
affection in the troops. 1874 Green Short Hist. 556 The
popular disaffection told even on the Council of State.
+ 3. The condition of being evilly affected ag
cally; physical disorder or indisposition. Ods.
1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes m. xi. 144 Forc'd to fly to Phy-
sick, for cure of the disaffection. 1676 Wiseman (J.), The
disease took its original merely from the disaffection of the
part, and not from the peccancy of the humours. 1688 BoyLe
Final Causes Nat. Things, Vitiated Sight 260 This woman
..had a disaffection of sight very uncommon. 1741 Compi.
Fam.-Piece 1. i. 78 Uf the Patient be subject to.. any Swell-
ing, Heat, or Disaffection in the Eyelids.
Disaffe'ctionate, 2. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 10
+ AFFECTIONATE a.]
1. Wanting in affection: unloving.
1796 Haviey Life of Milton (T.), A beautiful but disaffec-
tionate and disobedient wife. -
2. Characterized by disaffection ; disloyal.
1636 Sir H. Biount Voy. Levant (1650) 99 (T.) They ..
were found damnably corrupt, and disaffectionate to the
‘Turkish affairs.
+ Disaffi'ance, s/. Obs. rare—'. [Dis- 9.]
Want of affiance, trust, or confidence ; distrust.
1631 Celestina 1. 34 Not caring..how thou puttest a dis-
affiance in my affection.
+ Disaffi'ance, v. Ols.rare—'. [f. Dis- 6+
AFFIANCE v.] ¢rans. To put out of affiance, trust,
or confidence.
1631 Celestina x. 117 Already disaffianced in his hope, for
want ofa good and faire answer, hee hath set both his eyes
and his heart upon the love and person of another.
Disaffiliate (disafilieit), v. [f. Dis- 6 + Ar-
FILIATE v.] ¢rans. To undo the affiliation of, to
detach (that which is affiliated): the reverse of to
AFFILIATE,
1870 C. J. Smitn Syn. & Antonyms, Affiiltate, Disannex,
Disaffiliate. 1892 Graphic 21 May 5098/3 Eleven branch
associations have ae th lves in co De
of the dispute over the suffrage question,
Disafiirm (disafa-um), v. [f. Dis- 6+ AFFIRM
‘rans. To contradict, deny, negative: the
contrary of to AFFIRM 4.
1548 Gust /’r. Masse 97 Disaffyrmynge the masse sacry-
fyce to bee propiciatorye. 1615 Davies Aeforts Cases Pref.
(T.), Neither doth Glanvil or Bracton disafiirm the antiquity
of the reports of the law. 1816 Sik R. Dattas in Taunton
Rep. V1. 529 The suggestion that this was a voluntary pay-
ment, is disaffirmed y the averment of compulsion.
Law, To annul or reverse (some former de-
cision, etc.) ; to repudiate (a settlement or agree-
ment): the contrary of AFFIRM I, 2, CONFIRM.
1531 Dial. Laws Eng. . xxvi. (1638) 46 Therefore .. the
said Statute neither ore te — _
1634 Eart Strarrorp Lets. § Disp. (1739) I. 298 ving
the other .. in the State they now are, either affirmed or
disaffirmed. 1883 V. Y. 7ridune XLII. 5 The Supreme
Court of the United States has disaffirmed the view of the
Post Office Department and affirmed that of the Company.
1890 Sir A. Kexewicn in Law Times’ Rep, LX. 682)
She could disaffirm the settlement on attaining twenty-one.
Disaffirmance (disifs::mins). [f. Disarrimm
v., after affirm, affirmance.] The action of disaffirm-
ing; negation ; annulment, repudiation.
1610 Bacon in Howell St. 7riads (1816) 11. 399/1 If it had
been a disaffirmance by law they must have gone down in
solido. 1643 Prynne Ofen. Gt. Seal 24 Done in affirmance,
onely, not disaffirmance of it, as Lawyers speake. 1677
Hate Prim, Orig. Man, 1. iv.102 As much a Demonstra-
tion in disaffirmance of any thing that is affirmed as can
possibly be. 1818 Cotesrooxe Odlig. §& Contracts 1. 36
A suit.,in disaffirmance of it [an illegal contract]. .is conso-
nant to the policy of thelaw. 1868 Bexyamin Ou Sales (1884)
| 404 The vendor has done some act to disaffirm the transaction
.- Before the disaffirmance the vendee has transferred the. .
interest.
Disaffirmation (diseefoimé':fon), [f. Disar-
FIRM v., after affirm, -ation.) The action of dis-
affirming ; denial, negation ; repudiation.
1842 in Branpe Dict. Science, etc. 1875 Maine His!.
Just. vii. 205 The disaffirmation of the lege, of Tanistry.
1893 |Veek/y Notes 49/2 Notwithstanding her disaffirmation
of her settlement when she attained twenty-one.
i ‘rmative, «. U as prec., after -
ative.| Characterized by disaffirming ; tending to
disaffirm ; negative.
@ 1832 in Benruam (F. Hall). -
DISAGGREGATION.
ager tpn Obs. —t, [Dis- 6.] trans.
To refuse to oe open bap etang:
1597 Dantet Civ. Wars vin. lviii, Let not ing a Lan-
=, haut mine own Election, di Me
Ri rat Cause disfigured.
1 or ™ le
Disafforest (distiprest, 2 {24, med. (Anglo)
L. disafforestare (in Charter of Forests 13th c.), f.
Dis- 4 + afforestare to Avrorest. Cf. the ym-
ous Dg-aFroRESsT, DEFoREST, DisFroREST.
1. trans. To free from the operation of the forest
laws ; to reduce from the legal state of forest to that
of ordinary land.
(1225 Charta Foreste an. 9 Hen. 111, c. 3 (Spelman s.v.
Afforestare) Omnes bosci qui fuerunt afforestati per Richar-
dum avunculum nostrum..statim Disafforestentur.] 1598
Stow Surv. xli. (1603) 424 The Forest of Midlesex, and t
Warren of Stanes were ST cdnted. 1598 Manwoop Lawes
Forest xvi. § 9 (1615) 116/2 By the Charter, all new forests
were generally to bee disafforested, N. Cox Gentlem,
Recr. 1. (ed. 2) 24 Afforest, is to turn Land into Forest.
Disafforest, is to turn Land from being Forest to other uses.
1725 Lond. Gaz. No. 6350/3 The whole inclosed with a Pale,
and disaforested. Brack Adv, House-boat 71, 1 don't
know when the district was disafforested; but in Shake-
_—_ own time they hunted red-deer in these Warwickshire
wi
Jig. a1631 Donne Poems, To Sir Herbert (1650) 157 How
happy is he, which hath due place assign’d To his Least
and disaforested his mind.
absol. 1638 Sim R. Corton Abstr. Rec. Tower 14
{Edward I) disafforested in most Counties of England.
2. To strip or clear of forests or trees. rare.
1843 De Quincey in Blackw. Mag. LII. 126 From the
wreck of her woods by means of incendiary armies, Greece
is, for a season, disafforested. :
ence Disaffo-rested ///. a.; Disaffo'resting
vbl, sb, and ppl. a.; also Disaffo'restment.
1857 Toutmin Smitn Parish 469 For the disafforesting of
the royal forests and chases. 1875 BuckLanp Log-dk. 240
This was before the miserable cheese-paring policy of dis-
afforesting, when the red-deer were still to be seen in the forest
lades. 1882 Standard 14 Mar., A Commissioner under the
frainault Disafforesting Commission. 1889 Blackw. Mag.
CXLVI. 661/1 The great disafforestment proceeds a
Disafforestation (disafprést2'-fan). [n. of
action f. med.L. disafforestare to DiSAFFOREST.]
a. The action of disafforesting ; exemption from
forest laws. b. Destruction of forests or woods.
1598 Manwoop Lawes Forest xvi. § 9, (61s) 116/2 All
those, that were put out of the Forest by the disafforestation.
1888 A thenzum 10 Mar. 302/3 The gradual obsolescence of
our forest law and the steady prog disaffo' i
1888 Times 4 Oct. 9/5 The rapid progress of disafforestation
will be understood, and it is certain that the natural growth
cannot keep pace with it. :
+ Disaffright, v. Ods. rare. [D1s-6.] trans,
To free from fright or alarm ; to reassure.
1676 Hosses //iad 1v. 216 His own Commanders first to
disaffright.
+ ,v. Obs. rare. [In 16th c. desafie, a.
OF. desafie-r to distrust, f. des-, L. dés- (D1s- 4) +
afier to trust: see APFY v.] trans. To put out of
relations of soo tg = i; rv we
AYA ‘en. VII, 2 e fledde a
et et Ta Slog for the weene Geoeid Dy Tomah Oa
maynteyn his acte and hit silf to be honest, and to fight
in that quarrell with the said Julyan.
+ Disa'ge. Ovs. rare. [ad. It. disagio dis-ease,
trouble, want, f. dés-, Dis- 4 + agio leisure, ease ;
cf, Acio, ApDaGIo.] Hardship, trouble.
. Weep Stone-Heng (1725) 156 (They) were thick-
ind Trellows pale | mie od undergo such and
re
trans. To release from a burden or
AGGRAVATE ¥, 3.
1598 FLorio Disgranio, a discharge, a disagrauating.
vise merenet. v. [f. Dis- 6 + AGGREGATE @,
Cf. F. désagréger, Sp. desagregar.]
1. ¢rans. To separate (an aggregated mass) into
its component particles.
1828 in Weuster. 1858G. P. Scrore Geol. Centr. France
ed. Its parts are then disnggrensted. tr. Schiften-
7 Ferment. 172 The cellular peg ae em partly
or completely di ted.
2. intr. (for ref.) To separate from an te.
he a = wig Amen. Ethaol. 87 As soon as they
tion (dissegr?gé'fon). [n. of ac-
tion f. prec. vb.: cf. mod.F. désagrégation (1878 in
Dict. Acad.).) i
1. The separation of the component particles of
an ted mass or structure ; disint ion.
in Wesster, 1858 Sat, Rev. 20 Nov. Fs A million
of entire skeletons .. bound together by the fine powder re-
sulting from the disaggregation of their fellows and of other
i organi Esq Cornwall 4x
ty ts
: cues 5 a
" 1881 ature XX1 . 67 An electric dis
of the electrode.
2. ¢ransf. in various om et —
8 5 Power
aot power phon ation 18x — é contrib,
. Ethnol. 87 A further consequence re-
un a el gana be on oficial biking.
vate, v. Obs. rare. [D1s- 6.]
2 see
mes . 5/1 Centralization wou sappear. .to e
wa) apy soreqati as troublesome for the Monarchy
of Portugal as French Republic. .
DISAGREE.
Dis e (disagrz’),v. [ad. F. désagréer (12th
c, in Hatz.-Darm.), f. des- (Dis- 4) + agréer to
AGREE. See also DisGREE.]
1. intr. To differ, to be unlike; not to AGREE,
correspond, accord, or harmonize. Const. wth,
+ to, t+ from. z
1494 Fasyan Chron. wv. Ixvi. 45 That sayinge disagreeth
to the wrytynge of Eutropius. 1579 Lyty Euphues (Arb.)
191 [He] sorroweth to see thy behaviour so far to disagree
from thy birth, 1637 Gutesrie Eng. Pop, Cerem. ww. iii. 8
Those things we call morally mse which, agree to right
reason: those morally evill, which disagree from right
reason. 1655 STANLEY /ist. Philos. m1. (1701) 86/1 Which
[account] disagrees not with the other. 1685 STILLINGFL.
Orig. Brit. i. 4 A Tradition .. disagreeing to the Scripture.
1725 Watts Logic u. iv. § 2 We have neither a very clear
nception in our selves of the two Ideas contained in the
Words, nor how they cm or disagree. 1874 A. B. Davip-
son Hebr. Gram. § 48 The other numerals are nouns, and
disagree in gender with the words which they enumerate.
1884 tr. Lofze’s Logic iv. 235 Particular circumstances which
agree or disagree with given facts.
2. To differ in opinion; to dissent.
1559 in St Ann. Ref. 1. App. xi. 35 Ifany. .disagreed
from his forefathers, he £ to jud: ae pienected, be
Srintincrr. Orig. Sacr. 1. i. § 20 Those who disagree
from that former Computation, place it yet lower. 1732
Pore Ep. Bathurst 1 Who shall decide when Doctors
disagree? 1874 Mortey Compromise (1886) 181 The sincere
beliefs and conscientiously performed rites of those .. from
whose religion he disagrees. 1883 Froupe Short. Stud. 1V.
1. ii, 187 He could not place himself in the position of persons
who disagreed with him, 1891 Spectatey ¥4 Jane 823/1 Men
who hoped against hope that the jury would disagree.
3. To refuse to accord or agree (to any proposal,
etc.); todissent. Const. fo, wth; +from. Indi-
rect passive, fo de disagreed to. *
1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 36 Preamb., If the.. Duke. .dis-
agree to the seid acte. 1574 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 52a, If
the parcener .. hathe yssue and dyeth, the issue maye dis-
agree to the particion. 1589 WARNER Add. Eng. vi. xxx.
(1612) 155 Mine is to loue, but hers to disagree. 1818 Cruise
Digest (ed. 2) 1V. 495 In such cases the grantee may, by
deed only, disagree, and disclaim the estate. 1825 ‘I. Jer-
FERSON A wfodiog, Wks. 1859 I. 31 The Delaware counties
had bound up their delegates to disagree to this article. 1869
Gtapstonr SA. 72 Parlt. (Daily News 16 July), I shall move
to disagree to that clause. .I beg now to move that the House
disagree with the Lords’ amendment. .of the preamble of the
Irish Church Bill. //d., The Lords’ amendment was then
disagreed to. 1869 Daily News 27 July, The Lower House
has disagreed from the amendment.
To be at variance, to dispute or quarrel.
1548 Hatt Chron. Hen. IV, 29 b, Takyng a corporall othe
«never after to disagre or renewe any displeasure. 1667
Mitton P, L. 11. 497 Devil with Devil damn’d Firm concord
holds, men onely disagree Of Creatures rational. 1758 S.
Haywarpb Serm, xvii. 531 Children of the same family ought
not to disagree. 1835 Lytton Rienzi u. i, Come, we must
not again disagree. i af
5. Of food, climate, etc. : To conflict in physical
operation or effect; to be unsuitable. Const.
wth.
1563 etc., [see DisAGREEING JAZ. a. 4.] 1768 tr. Cornaro’s
Disc. 15 To try, whether those, which pleased my palate,
agreed or disagreed with mystomach, /é7d. 45 Fruit, fish,and
other things of that kind disagree with me. 1813 Martin in
Med.-Chirurg. Trans. 1V.47 Increasing one drop every day
until it might begin to disagree with the stomach, 1820 Suet-
Ley Edipus u. ii. 28 So plain a dish Could scarcely disagree.
1827 Scorr Nafoleon x\vi, Ascribed to his health’s disagree-
ing with the air of that capital. 1865 Mrs. CarLyLe Left.
III. 288 It couldn’t have been sound, that champagne .. or
it wouldn’t have so disagreed with me. Mod. The confine-
ment and close application to work disagrees with him,
+ Disagree’, sb. Obs. rare—'. [f. prec. vb.]
Disagreement.
1589 Greene Tudlies Love (1609) D iv b, It may bee that the
destinies have appointed their disagree.
5 ae ag age from the police, 1889 Mrs. Ranpotru New
ve II. ix. 62 Ill-health meant ill-temper, discomfort, dis-
ble (disigr7ab’l), a. (sb.) Also 5
Ze (13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.),
IS- 4) + agréable AGREEABLE.]
+1. Not inagreement; characterized by difference
or incongruity; disagreeing, discordant, at variance.
Const. fo, wath. Obs.
c1400 Rom, Rose 4717 It [love] is Carybdis perillous Dis-
agreeable and gracious, It is discordaunce that can accord,
And accordaunce to discord. 1494 Fasyan Chron, vil.
ccxxxiv. 270 But ..I se the mater se, ar to other
wryters, and also thynke that moche therof is fayned. 1538
CoverpaLe Ded. to N. 7., It was disagreeable to my former
translation in English. 1563 Gotpinc Cassar Pref. (1565) 1
Cesar in hys descryption of Gallia. .may seeme dysagreable
wyth other authors. 165r Hosses Leviath. 1. xv. 79 What
is conformable or disagreeable to Reason, in the actions
of common life. 1725 Baitey Zrasm. Collog. 407 Compare
their Lives and nothing can be more disagreeable. 1759
Jounson Rasselas xxviii. (1 87) 78 The obstinate contests of
a virtues. 1766 f. LACKBURNE Confessional 262
In determining what is the proper sense and extent of the
por and what shall be judged agreeable or disagreeable
to them, :
2. Not in accordance with one’s taste or liking;
Vor. III.
f. dés- (
401
exciting displeasure or disgust-; unpleasing, un-
pleasant, offensive.
1698 Fryer Acc. £. India & P. 254 Yet he found it dis-
agreeable, because the Nights now were as intensely Cold,
as the Days were Hot. 1705 Bosman Guinea 230 This is
such a horrible ugly Creature, that I don’t believe any
thing besides so very disagreeable is to be found. 1754
E. Darwin Let. to Dr. Okes in Dallas Life (1879), Yester-
day’s post brought me the disagreeable news of my father’s
departure out of this sinful world. x S. Wituiams le7-
mont 90 This animal is without any ill scent, or disagreeable
effluvia. 1838 James Hodder iv, Your society is any thing
but disagreeable to me, 1841-44 Emerson Ess., Prudence
. Wks. (Bohn) I, roo In regard to disagreeable .. things,
prudence does not consist in evasion..but in courage.
3. Of persons : Of unpleasant temper or humour ;
actively unamiable ; offensive.
Itranges from anactive sense, of which the person in question
is the subject, as in quot. 1474, to a subjective one of which
the person in question is the object, both being often
present.
[1474 Caxton Chesse (1481) D viij b, Not plesyd but dis-
agreable whan they haue receyued the yefte.) 1710-11
Swirt Lett. (1767) III. 109, I dined to-day with my mistress
Butler, who grows very disagreeable. 1825 J. Neat Pro.
Jonathan M1. 323 A very disagreeable man was here. 1875,
W. S. Haywarp Love Agst. World 11 My cousin is
dreadfully disagreeable.
b. Uncomfortable, in an unpleasant position.
1844 P. Parley'’s Ann. V. 180 The King felt quite dis-
agreeable. The Russians might drop in upon him very
unceremoniously,
B. as sd, (Cf. AGREEABLE 6.) ta. A disagree-
able person. Odés,
1829 Mrs. SoutuEy Church Yards 11, 242 Whatever some
superior-minded disagreeables may say to the contrary.
b. A disagreeable thing or experience; esf._
in 77.
1781 Cowrer Let. 4 Feb., Some disagreeables and awk-
wardnesses would probably have attended your interview.
1797 Hotcrorr tr. Stolberg’s Trav. (ed. 2) 11. xlii. 64 The
Greek artists are .. careful to keep the disagreeable out of
sight. 1804 W. Irvine Life § Lett. (1864) I. iv. 78, I am
seasoned. .to the disagreeables from my Canada journey of
last summer. 1849 C. Bronte Shirley ix. 127 When the
disagreeables of life—its work and privations were in ques-
tion.
Disagreeableness (disigr7ab’Inés). [f. prec.
+-NESS.] The quality of being disagreeable.
+1. Want of agreement; discordancy, incon-
gruity. Ods.
1571 GoLpING Calvin on Ps. xix. 18 This disagreeablenesse
of the wicked is easly washt away. 1686 Horneck Crucif
Jesus xxiv. 828 Remove and conquer that disagreeableness,
that is betwixt my nature, and thy harmony. 1712 Appison
Spect. No, 413 ® 1 We know neither the Nature of an Idea,
nor the Substance of a human Soul, which might help us
to discover the Conformity or Disagreeabieness of the one
to the other. 1716 Atrersury Serv. (1734) I. 215 Its dis-
agreeableness to the eternal rules of right reason.
2. Unpleasantness ; also, an unpleasant feature.
1648 W. Mountacur Devout Essays 1. xvii. § 1 Many
who have figured Solitude..have sought to sweeten all they
could the disagreeableness. 1709 SrEELE Tatler No. 84 P 5,
I found the Disagreeableness of giving Advice without being
asked it. 1748 RicHarpson Clarissa (1811) I. xvi. 109 Look
upon that man—see but the disagreeableness of his person.
1833 Fraser's Mag. VII. 4 With all its manifold disagree-
ablenesses (to coin a word), it must be grappled with boldly.
1861 SwinuoE NV. China Camp. 9 There was just that amount
of disagreeableness that usually occurs among Englishmen
who are strangers to one another.
Disagree‘ablism. nonce-wd. [see -18M.]
1887 Besant Fifty Years Ago in Graphic Jubilee No.
20 June 2/3 Together with discontent, chartism, republican-
ism, atheism—in fact all the disagreeablisms.
Disagreeably (disagr7abli), adv. [f. Drs-
AGREEABLE +-LY 2.] In a disagreeable manner or
degree; unpleasantly; offensively.
1730-6 Battery (folio), Disagreeably, unpleasantly. 1766
Gray in Corr. w. N. Nicholls (1843) 61, 1 passed. all June
in Kent not disagreeably. 1838 Dickens Wich. Nick. xxix,
You may find yourself very disagreeably deceived. 1847
Emerson Refr. Men, Swedenborg Wks. (Bohn) I. 333
Swedenborg is disagreeably wise..and repels,
+ Disagree’ance. Os. [f. Disacrer z., after
AGREEANCE: cf, also OF. desagreance (Godef.).]
= DISAGREEMENT.
1548 UDALL, etc, Evasm. Par. Acts viii. 36 There is no
disagreaunce where is faith. 1589 Late Voy. Sp. § Port.
(1881) 98 Our disagreeance with them, will impeach the
trade of our Merchants. 1597 Sc. Acts Fas. V/ (1814) 158
em) they sall ,. report the groundis and caussis of their
isagrieance to his maiestie.
Disagreed, #//. a. [f. Disacrer v. + -ED1.]
The reverse of AGREED; not in agreement; at
variance.
1598 Forio, Scordato, forgotten, put out of tune, vnstrung,
disagree Baxter Saving Faith Ded. Aij, Well
worth his labor to prove us disagreed. 1875 Jowett Plato
(ed. 2) IV. 42 The partisans of utility are disagreed among
themselves. = Se
Disagreeing (disagr7in), vd7. sb. [f. as prec.
+ -1nG!,] The action of the verb to DISAGREE;
disagreement.
1548 UDALL, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke 94a, There ought to
bee no discorde ne disagreyng emong theita in their preach-
yng. 1567 R. Mutcaster Fortescue’s De Laud. Leg. (1572)
103 b, To be troubled with so many disagreeings. 2047 JER.
Taytor Lid, Proph. xvii. 219 Such complying with the dis-
agreeings of a sort of men, is the total overthrow of all
Discipline. Jod. Their disagreeing was happily prevented.
DISALLEGIANCE,
Disagreeing, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -ING2.]
That disagrees.
+1. Out of harmony or agreement; discordant,
incongruous; diverse. Ods.
1551 T. Witson Logike (1580) 39 The places .. declare...
what be incidente, what be disagreeyng from the matter.
1561 T. Hosy tr. Castiglione’s Courtyer (1577) E vij b,
Oratours .. vnlike and disagreeing .. to their predecessours
& folowers. 1593 Q. Ez. tr. Boethius (E.E.'1. S.) 105 Me
thinkes it a crosse mater and in it self disagreing, that God
all knowes, and yet ther should bea free will. 1656 W. D. tr.
Comenius Gate Lat. Unt. § 559 Many Islands, replenished
with disagreeing nations and tongues. 1690 Locke Govt. 1.
ii. §7 A Figure .. very disagreeing with what .. Children
imagine of their Parents.
2. Differing in opinion; dissentient.
1552 Hutort, Disagreeynge, dissentaneus. 1625 K.
Lone tr. Barclay’s Argenis 1, xx. 63 The nobles about
them, in agreeing silence covered their disagreeing thoughts.
1677 Hate Prim, Orig. Man. m1. 4 Finding the
Philosophers and Wise Men so uncertain and disagreeing.
1856 Mrs. Carty_e Lett. I]. 271 A half-perplexed, half-
amused, and wholly disagreeing expression.
3. At variance, quarrelling.
1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. 1. u. ii. (1651) 421 Hard-
hearted parents, disobedient children, disagreeing brothers.
1732 BerkeLey Alcifhy. v. § 19 The most contentious,
quarrelsome, disagreeing crew, that ever appeared.
4. Of incompatible or prejudicial operation ; un-
suitable.
1563 Hy Art Garden. (1593) 90 The Greek writers think
the Basil so disagreing and contrary to women, that if [etc.].
1683 ‘Tryon Way to Health 483 The eating of this .. Food
becomes offensive to them, ahd disagreeing. 1794 Wotcotr
(P. Pindar) Row. for Oliver Wks. II. 41 This was a
puzzling, disagreeing question, Grating like arsenic on his
host’s digestion.
Hence + Disagree‘ingly adv. Ods.
159 Percivat, SA. Dict., Desacordamente, disagree-
ingly.
Disagreement (disigr7mént). [f. DISAGREE
v. + -MENT, after agreement. Cf. F. désagrément
desagreement, Oudinot, 1642) anything disagree-
able, or not to one’s liking.]
1. Want ‘of agreement or harmony; difference ;
discordancy, diversity, discrepancy.
1576 Freminc Panofpl, /pist. 284 As well their words as
their deedes bee at disagreement. 1699 Bentiey /’had. 154
‘There’s a seeming disagreement between Diodorus and
Herodotus. 1737 Wuiston Yosephus, Anti. Diss. ii, ‘he
apparent disagreement of any command to the moral attri-
butes of God. @ 1847 Mrs. Surrwoop Lady of Alanor 1.
vii. 267 Sin is a disagreement or nonconformity of the will
of any creature with the will of God. 1864 Bowen Logie
v. 105 The Judgment, guadrupeds are not rational, de-
termines the relation of disagreement between the two
‘Terms.
2. Refusal to agree or assent.
1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 36 § 1 Any disagreement or
disassent by the seid Duches .. notwithstandyng. 1642
Perkins Prof. Bh. i. § 43. 19 Vhe disagreement of the hus-
band ought to be shewed.
3. Difference of opinion ; dissent.
1576 Freminc Panofl. Efpist. 83, I againe with you was
not at disagreement. 1613 JACKSON Creed 1. 445 note, His
disagreement from some of his owne profession, 1658 I’.
at Charac. Enemies Ch, 7 Disagreement in matters of
faith causeth enmity. 1868 E. Epwarps Aalezeh I. xvii.
348 Men of very different natures, apart from their utter
disagreement in religion.
4. Quarrel, dissension, variance, strife.
1589 FLEMING Virg. Georg. 11. 34 Disagreement vexing
brethren faithles and vntrustie. 1626 Mrape in Ellis Orig.
Lett. Ser. 1. III. 223 There hath been some Disagreement
at Court between their Majesties, by reason of the French
Ambassador. 1770 ¥uninus Lett, xxxviii. 190 Is it .. for
your interest..to live in a perpetual disagreement with
your people? 1858 Froupr //ist, Eng. I]. xii. 10 The
occasion of their disagreement being removed, he desired
to return to the old terms of amity.
5. Unsuitableness (of food, climate, etc.) to the
constitution.
1702 C. Matuer Magn. Chr. 1. ii. (1853) I. 48 The prob-
able disagreement of so torrid a climate unto English
bodies, es
6. An unpleasantness, a disagreeable condition.
[F. aésagrément.| rare.
1778 Gates in Sparks Corr, Amer. Rev. (1853) II. 532
You would have avoided many disagreements, had it pleased
you to have accepted that offer.
a6
+
Disagreer (disagria1). rare. [f. DISaGrEE 2.
+-ER!.] One who disagrees ; a dissenter.
a1660 Hammonp Wks, II. 1. 605 (R.) To awe disagreers
in all matters of faith,
Disagyse, obs. Sc. f. DISGUISE.
+Disai'lment. Os. rare.
Ailment, indisposition. :
1657 ReEvE Goa’s Plea 256 Without the least disaylment
or distemper.
Disala‘rm, v. rare. [Dis- 6 or 72+ ALARM]
trans. To free or relieve from alarm.
1617 Sir F, Burpvert in Par, Ded. 1693 Who had taken
..care that not a syllable should be inserted that could tend
to disalarm the country.
Disalike :, see DIs- 10
+ Disalle'giance. 00s. rave. [f. Dis- 9 +
ALLEGIANCE.] Contravention of allegiance.
1641 Laup Ws, (1857) VI. 216 Consider a little with what
insglency, and perhaps disallegiance, this Lord and his
roundhead crew would use their Kings. 51*
[see Dis- 5.]
DISALLIEGE..
Disalliege, v. Os. rare. [f. Dis- 6 +
*alliege, deduced from ALLEGIANCE, under the in-
fluence of Lizce: cf. prec.] ¢vans. To withdraw
or alienate from allegiance.
1648 Mitton Observ. Art. Peace Wks. (1847) 263/2 By a
= and hostile peace, to disalliege a whole feudary
ingdom from the antient dominion of England.
‘Disallow (disalau-), v. Forms: 4-5 des-
alowe, 4-6 dis-, 6 dysalowe, dissalow, 6- dis-
allow. fa. OF. desaloue-r, disalower to blame,
etc. (in Godef.), f. des-, Dis- 4 + alouer ALLOW.
In med.(Anglo)L. disallocare: see Du Cange.]
To refuse to ALLow (in various senses).
+1. “rans. To refuse to laud, praise, or com-
mend ; to discommend, to blame. See ALLOw I. 1.
1393 Gower Con/. I. 83 This vice of Inobedience. . he des-
allowep. c1430 Pilgr, Lyf Manhode ww. xxix. (1869) 191
Nouht pat I wole blame it ne despeise it ne disalowe it.
1sro Barctay Mirr. Gd. Manners (1570) Gj, Both is like
errour which wise men disalowe. 1573 G. Harvey Letéer-
bk. (Camden) 7, I praefer Tulli before Caesar in writing
Latin ; do I therefore disable or disalow Caesar? 1612 T.
Taytor Comm. Titus iii, 1 According to their care herein
haue they been commended or disallowed in the Scriptures.
1656 Cow.ey Prologue to Guardian, Who says the Times
do Learning disallow? "Tis false; ’twas never Honour'd
so. as Now.
2. To refuse to approve or sanction; to disap-
prove of: see ALLow I. 2. arch.
1494 Fasyan Chron, vu. 616 Whiche conclucion was after
disalowyd. 1540 Act 32 Hen. VI/I, c. 46 The auditors
general..shal haue auctority to. examin thaccomptes..and
to allowe and disalow all that shal be reasonable. x1gg2
Bury Wills (1850) 141 Furthermore I denull, disalow, and
sett att nothing all former wills and testaments which I
have made. 1673 Ray Yourn. Low C, Glaris 436 Though
they. .do take liberty to.. use. .sports and exercises upon the
Lords day, yet most of their ministers disallow it. @1745
Swirt (J.), It was known that the most eminent of those who |
professed his own principles, publickly disallowed his pro-
ceedings. 1892 Pall Mall G. 7 Sept. 6'2 The auditor also
disallowed the refreshments the committee had, which ..
amounted to gs. 64. each.
+b. zutr. with of. To refuse approval of. Ods.
1576 FLemMinG Panopl. Epist. 44, L.. might in no wise
disallow of his doings: for he was very circumspect .. in
his master’s businesse. 1649 Mitton /vkon, xiv. (1851) 448
He returnes againe to disallow of that Reformation which
the Covnant vowes, 1681 CHETHAM Azgler’s Vade-m.
xxviii. § 3 (168g) 164 Others disallow thereoh
3. To refuse to accept with approval ; to reject,
disown. Obs.
1377 Lancet. P. Pd. B. xiv. 130 For bei [the rich] han her
hyre here. an heuene as it were .. And whan he deyeth,
ben disalowed. 1413 Pilger. Sow/e (Caxton) 1. xiii. (1859) 9
Sithen that he come to yeres of discrecyon, this laboure he
hath in dede disalowid. 1526-34 ‘Tinpate 1 Pet. ii. 4g A
livynge stone disalowed of men, but chosen of god and
precious. 1660 Stantry Hist. Philos. 1x. (1701) 435/1 [tr.
Archytas) The fates of young and old together croud, No
head is disallow'’d By merciless Proserpina.
+b. zntr. with of. Obs.
1576 Fieminc Panopl. Epist, 422 Wee ought not .. to
disalowe of what soever is appointed us by Gods good
providence. 1595 Suaks. John 1. i. 16 What followes if we
disallow of this :
4. Torefuse to accept as reasonable, true, or valid;
to refuse to admit (intellectually). See ALLow IT. 4.
€ 1399 Pol. Poems (Rolls) 11. 11 Every child is holden for
to bowe Unto the modir .. Or elles he mot reson desalowe.
1583 /-xec. for Treason (1675) 37 Who with common reason
can disallow that her Majesty used her principal Authority?
ae Ray Dissol, World i1. v. § 3. 135 This whole Hypothesis
{of Des Cartes] I do utterly disallow and reject. 1778 Miss
Burney Evelina Ded. (1784) 10 His influence is universally
disallowed, 1841 Myers Cath. 7h, ut. § 40. 145 By dis-
allowing any human element .. we are deprived at once of
much feeling of sympathy with the writers of the Bible.
5. To refuse to acknowledge or grant (some claim,
right, or privilege), or to accede to (some request
or suggestion) ; to reject.
ar Latimer Serm. §& Rent. (1845) 11, I must not suffer
the devil to have the victory over me..I must disallow
his instinctions and suggestions. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India
& P. 275 Use Christian Liberty in respect of Matrimony,
it being disallowed none but the Vortobeeds, 1786 T.
— Writ. (1859) II. x To discuss the propriety of
is charges, and to allow or disallow them as you pleased.
1841 James Brigand xxii, Your claim upon and is
al - erage 5
6. To refuse to allow or permit; to forbid the
use of, to prohibit.
1563 Homilies 11. iy Excess Apparel (1859) The
abuses thereof, which he forbiddeth and disalloweth, 1568
Form Submission Papists in Strype Ann. Ref. 1. li. 549
Nor willingly suffer any such .. to offend, whom I ma
reasonably let, or disallow. a 1600 Hooker (J.), God dot
in converts, being married, allow i ¢ with infidels,
and yet disallow that the faithful, when they are free,
should enter into bonds of wedlock with such, 162r Burton
Anat. Mel.1.ii. u. iv, He utterly disallowes all hote Bathes
in melancholy. ax65q4 Setpen Zadle-7'. (Arb.) If he
disallows a book it must not be brought into the Weta,
1713 Bentiey Freethinking xi. (R.\, They disallow'd self
defence, second marriages, and usury. 1831 CoLertpcr
Table-t, 27 Oct., Advocates, men whose duty it ought to
be to know what the law allows and disallows. 1854
Lowett Camb, Thirty Y. Ago Prose Wks. 1890 I. 96 ‘The
an collar disallowing any independent rotation of the
ead .. he used to turn his whole person.
b. Const. with zzfin., or + from and v0l, sb.
1746 W. Horstey Food (1748) 11. 54 If a poor Barber shall
be disallowed from taking Money. 1868 Browninc Xing
402
§ Bk. v1. 38, I being disallowed to interfere, Meddle, or make
in a matter none of mine. Pall Mail G. 23 June ae
A law of the trade which disallowed an employer to take
more than one apprentice at a time.
Hence Disallo-wed A//. a., Disullo-wing vé/. sb,
and ffl. a.
1377 Lana. P. PZ. B. xiv. 139 Nou3t to fonge bifore . for
eof disalowynge. cx ARPSFIELD Divorce Hen, VI/I
ance 195 The public ‘ment of certain universities
or the disproving and disallowing of his first marriage.
1637 Gittespie Eng. Pop. Cerem. u. ix. 53 To practise the
Cer ies, with a doubting and dissalowing conscience.
1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. India III. ii. 79 The objection .. was
founded upon a disallowed assumption. 1884 Pad/ Mail G,
12 Feb. 11/2 If the House went on voting disallowing
motions for ever, Mr. Bradlaugh would still be one ahead.
+ Disallo'wable, «. Ods. [f. Disantow +
-ABLE.] Not to be allowed or permitted; not to
be approved or sanctioned.
1494 FAnyan Chron. vil. 417 With these and many other
disalowable condicions he was excercysed, which tourned
hym to great dishonoure. 1576 FLeminG Panofl. Epist.
280 What judge you of the words which I uttered: were
they approvable, or were they disalowable? 1678 R.
L’Estrance Seneca’s Mor. (1702) 474 Our Passions are
nothing else but certain Disallowable Motions of the Mind.
1716 Br. Smacripce 1st Charge 2t Which though not
wholly unlawful, nor in the laity disallowable, yet in the
clergy are of evil fame. F f
Hence + Disallo‘wableness, the quality of being
disallowable.
1727 in Batcey, vol. II.
Lisallowance (disalau‘ans). [f. Disantow
+-ANCE.] The action of disallowing; refusal to
sanction, admit, or permit; disapproval, rejection,
prohibition.
- 1565 in Parker's Corr. (1853) 267 We have consulted how
to proceed, whereby we may have your allowance or dis-
allowance. 1585-7 I’. Rocrrs 39 A7t. (1607) 206 vote, The
approbation or disallowance of a general assembly... should
be a matter and cause spiritual. 1631 GouGr God's Arrows
iii, § 14. 211 Centurions .. are commended .. without any
reproofe or dis-allowance of their warlike profession. 1733
Neat Hist. Purit. 11. 559 They declare their disallowance
of all seditious libels. 1846 Grote Greece 1. xxi. IT. 180 This
disallowance of the historical personality of Homer. 1883
A. H. ve Coryar in Rep Co. Crt. Cases Pref. 11 note, The
Rules of the Supreme Court .. come into operation on fhe
24th October next, subject to disallowance by Parliament.
+b. Aus. Something disallowed or forbidden
by rule; an irregularity. Obs.
I Morey /ntrod,. Mus. 16 The.. allowances and
disallowances in the composition of foure parts. 1674
Prayrorp Skill Mus. 1. 37 The last disallowance .. is
when the upper part stands, and the lower part falls from
a lesser third to a fifth. 1789 Burney Hist. Mus. II. viii.
527 An excellent composition might now be produced
merely from ancient disallowances. 1854 J. W. Moore
Compl. Cycl. Music, Disallowance, A term applied to an
anomalous formation, or succession of chords. Two succeed-
ing eighths, or two consecutive perfect fifths, in the same
direction, constitute a disadlowance.
Disallow'er. [f. Disattow + -ER!.] One
who disallows, or refuses to sanction.
1672 H. More Brief Reply 74 Himself was an Opposer
and disallower of that fond and Idolatrous Superstition,
Disallowment. (disilawnént). rare. [f. as
prec.+-MENT.] The action or fact of disallowing.
1884 J. H. M°Cartny Eng. under Gladstone xiv, - The
disallowment roused a strong display of public feeling in
all the Australian colonies.
Disally (disaloi-), v. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + ALLY v.]
trans. To free from alliance or union.
1671 Mitton Santson 1022 Nor both so loosely disallied
Their nuptials. x Swinsurne Atalanta jor Disallied
From breath or bl corruptible.
+ Disa'lter, v. Ols. rare". [f. Dis- 5 + ALTER
v.] trans. To alter or change for the worse.
1 Fenton Guicciard. vu. (1599) 281 No other thing
had Siesluaesd the people, but the pride of the gentlemen,
+ Disaltern, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis -5 +L.
alternare to change from one thing to another.]
trans. To alter or change for the worse: cf, prec.
1635 Quar.es Emi. 1m. iv, O wilt thou disaltern rest
thou gav'st?
Disamay, obs. var. of Dismay.
Disamis (disimis). Zaogic. The mnemonic
term (introduced by Petrus cee, ¢ 1250) de-
5,“ the second mood of the third figure of
syllogisms, in which the major premiss is a parti-
cular affirmative (7), the minor a. universal affir-
- mative (@), and the conclusion a particular affirma-
tive (2).
The initial letter @ shows that the mood can be reduced
to Darii, by simple conversion of the major, transposition
of the premisses, and simple conversion of the conclusion,
as indicated by the letters s, », s, following the three
vowels,
15s T. WiLson Logike (1580) 30 The third figure .. This
argument is reduced to Darti .. Di. Mercie onely forgiveth
synnes. sa. All mercie is purchased by faithe; _ -
fore by faith ay forgivenes is obteined. 1624 De Lawne
tr. Du Moulin's Logick 144, 1891 Wevton Logic I. 1. iii.
§ 136 Disamis..As example we may give: ‘Some pronouns
in En ish are inflected; all such pronouns are words of
Englis' igin; therefore, some words of English origin
are inflected’, /é/d., As an / proposition can be simply
converted, it is a matter of very small moment whether an
argument is expressed in D/saweis or in Datisé,
matize: see Dis- 6,
DISANNEX.
+ Disana* a. Obs. [Dis- 10.] =next,
1676-7 nniegnl. 2 Il. Works of (R.), That
price x which we have in which is utter]
unsuitable and disanalogal to that knowledge, which is in God.
f (disinzelogas), a. [D1s- 10.]
Having no analogy.
1816 TINGE Trav. (1817) II. 174 The words .. have
their ordinary denominations in an idiom totally disanal-
‘ous to what they have with us.
“} Disana* . Obs. rare. [D1s-9.] Want of
analogy ; a condition the reverse of analogous.
1610 W. Forkincuam Art of Survey Pref. Verse 15 For
Dis-analogies strange, strained, rude, Nor Deuiations
curious-ill-scande. Cart. A. Mervin in Rushw. //is¢.
Coll, 111. (1692) I. 218 re first I observe the disanalogy.
Bisanchor (disenke1), v. Also 5-7 dis-,
dysa(u)ncre, 6-7 disan(c)kar, -er. [a. OF.
desancre-r, f. des-, D1s- 4 + ancrer to ANCHOR, f.
ancre ANCHOR sb.!]
1. ¢vans. To loosen (a ship) from its anchorage ;
to weigh the anchor of.
©1477 Caxton Yason 56 Thene the good patrone .. dis-
ancred the noble shippe and went again to the see. 1481
— Godfrey 189 They shold disancre theyr shi and flee.
1600 Hottanp Livy xxx. vii. 776 After he is disankered
once .. & under saile from Corinth. 1 Heywoop Brit.
bad v. xxxix, 116 Sixe Gallies they Disanker from the
sie, fe
jig. _—_ Cartyte in ¥. W. Carlyle's Lett. (1883) LU.
346 note, Miserable feature of London life, needing to be
dis-anchored every year, to be made comparatively a
nomadic, quasi-Calmuck life. : .
2. znir. To weigh anchor: said of a ship or its
crew.
a1470 Tietort Cesar iii, (1530) 3 He a & de-
parted about thre of the dace: 1477 Caxton Yason 38
She went to the ship that sholde disancre for to go to
Athenes. 1595 Drake Moy. (Hakluyt Soc.) 9 The enemie
labored to cause us todisankar. a 1656 UssHer An. (1658)
644 [They] were commanded .. to disanchor, and to depart
from those places. 18.. Sourney (F. Hall).
Hence Disa nchoring v//. sb.
1851 CariyLe Ster/ing u. vi. (1872) 138 We need not
dwell at too much length on the foreign journeys, dis-
anchorings, and nomadic vicissitudes of household, which
occupy his few remaining years.
+ Dis elical, a. Ots. [D1s- 10.] Not
angelical ; the reverse of angelical.
a 1687 H. More in Norris 7heory of Love (1688) 191 It
were a thing Disangelical, if I may so speak, and undivine.
1736 H. Coventry /’hilemon to Hyd. u. (T.), The opinion
of that learned casuist..who accounts for the shame attend-
ing these pleasures of the sixth sense, as he és p! to
call them, from their disangelical nature.
Disangularize, v.: see Dis- 6.
Disanimal, v.: see Dis- 7 b.
+ Disanimate, 2. Oés. rare. [f Dis-10 +
ANIMATE a.] Deprived of life; inanimate.
1681 P. Rycaut Critick 228 They saw.. many disanimate
Bodies. ;
Tisanimate (dise'nime't), v. [f. Dis- 6 +
ANIMATE v., prob. after F. désanimer (15-16th c. in
Godef. Supp |
1. ¢rans. To deprive of life, render lifeless,
1646 Sik 'T. Browne send. Ep. 1. vii. 196 In carcasses
warme and bodies newly disanimated, Cupwortn
Intell. Syst. 38 Vhat Soul and Life that is now fled and fone:
from a lifeless Carcase, is only a loss to that particular Body
or Compages of Matter, which by means th is now dis.
animated. 1833 [see Disanim ATED below]. :
2. To deprive of spirit, courage, or vigour; to
discourage, dispirit, dishearten.
1583 StunpEes Anat. Adus. 11. (1882) 39 [They] also rather
3 , than disani: them to p Pa bem wicked-
nes. xsgr SHaxs. 1 //en. VJ, m1. i, 183. Sm T.
Hersert 7yvav, (ed. 2) 183 Yet the sublime height did not
disanimate us. 1702 C. Marner Magn. Chr. vu. App. (1852)
604 The garrisons were so disanimated at thes sters.
1791-1814 [see "DisanimATING below].
Ience Disa‘nimated f//. a,; Disanimating
vbl. sb, and tel. a,
1624 Carr. Smitu Virginia m. xii. 94 After the expence
of fifteene yeares more..grow they disanimated,
Lp, Orrery Art of War 199 May it not be a greater
Disanimating of the Soldiery? | 279r E. Darwin Bot,
Gard, 1. ho. .stay Despair’s disanimating sigh. 1814
Soutury Roderick xvin. 83 From whence disanimating
fear had driven The former primate. Lame Elia Ser.
u. Product, Mod. Art, (The Dryad] linked to her own con-
natural tree, co-twisting with its limbs her own till both
seemed either—these animated b 3 those disani d
members.
Disa:nima‘tion. [n. of action f. DisanimaTE
v.] The action of disanimating: a. Privation
of life. b.- Discouragement, disheartening.
1646 Sir T, Browne Psend, Ef. ui. x. 128 Affections
which depend on life, and depart upon disanimation. /di¢.
mt. xxv. 178 A Glow-worme will afford a faint light, almost
a dayes space when many will conceive it dead ; but this is
_a mistake in the compute of death, and terme of disanima-
tion. Wesster, Disanimation, the act of discourag-
ing; depression of spirits.
ex (disineks), v. Also 5 disanex.
[a. OF. desannexe-r (1475 in Godef.): see Dis- 1
and ANNEX.] /rans. To separate (that which is
annexed) ; to disjoin, disunite.
1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 34 Preamb., The same. . Here-
ditamentes shuld be .. sep ed and di d from
the Duchie of Cornwall. 1628 Coxe Ox Litt. 190b, The
feoffor di the ad from the manor,
DISANNEXATION.
without deed. 1719 T. Gorpvon Cordial for Low Spirits
1. 270 [It] became part of the English Dominions .. and
could not be disannexed but by Act of Parliament. 1869
Echo 9 Mar., The object of the Bill was to disannex from
the Provostship of the College [Oriel] a canonry of Rochester
and a valuable rectory, which now formed part .of the en-
dowment.
Hence Disanne‘xing w0/. sd.
1831 CoLeripce 7abde-t. 17 Dec., The disannexing and
independence of Ireland. ; ;
Disannexation (diseenéksé-fan). [f Disan-
NEX, after annexation.] The action of disannex-
ing; separation (of something annexed),
1884 a Rev. July 148 ote, The idea of the disannexation
of the Transkei has been abandoned. 1885 Lavy Herbert
tr. Lagrange’s Dupanloup 11. 130 Ceaseless fears of an-
nexation and disannexation,
Disannul (disinvl), v. Also 5-6 dys-, 5-8
canull. [f. Dis- 5 + ANNUL v. Cf. the parallel
forms DISNULL, DENULL.]
1. ¢rans. To cancel and do away with; to make
null and void, bring to nothing, abolish, annul.
1494 Fasyan Chron, vit. 347 He laboured that he myght
do dysanull y¢ former ordenaunces and statutes, and to cause
them to be broken. 1526 TinpaLe Jats. v. 17 Ye shall not
thinke that I am come to disanull the lawe. 1535 Cover-
DALE Yob xl. 3 Wilt thou disanulle my judgment? 1590
Suaxs, Com. Err. 1. i. 145 Our Lawes .. Which Princes,
would cage | may not disanull. 1634 Canne WVecess. Separ.
(1849) 52 he whole action is disannulled and made void.
1691 Ray Creation 1. (1704) 44 They endeavour to evacuate
and disannul our great Argument. 1745 in Col. Rec. Penn-
sylv. 1V. 775 To disanull the Engagements and destroy the
Amity subsisting between them. 1849 Miss Mutock Ogit-
vies xiv, A solemn troth-plight, whisk .. no earthly power
ought ever to disannul.
2. To deprive by the annulment of one’s title ;
Jig. to do out of. Const. from, of. Obs.
1556 Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 79 Soo by that they be
ayechergyd and dyssanullyd from alle maner of inherrytans
re) the imperialle crowne. 1604 ‘I. M. Black Lk. Biv b, Are
we disanuld of our first sleepe, and cheated of our dreames
and fantasies? 1613 Answ. Uncasing Machivil’s Instr.
Eij, That will. .disanul thee of thy quiet rest.
Hence Disannw'lling v#/. sd. ; also Disannu1-
ler, one who disannuls; Disannu‘lment, the fact
of disannulling.
1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1. 337 The disanulling
, ofall gold and silver coine, and the appointing of yron monie
onely to be currant. 1600 E. Biounr tr. Conestaggio 65
If any thing were done by them that was absolutely good,
it was the disannulling of the impost of salt. 1611 Corcr.,
Nullité, a nullitie, annihilation, disannulment. _a@1625
Fiercuer Woman’s Prize u.v, In which business Two of
the disanullers lost their night-caps. 1755 Jounson, Disan-
nulment. 1792 G. WasuinctTon Let, Writ, 1891 XII. 157 The
right of disannulling is reserved to the government. 1818
Coresrooxe Treat, Obligations 1, 101 He is debarred from
:. insisting on the delay as a disannulment of it. 1882
Standard 23 Dec. 1/2, I agree to the disannulment of our
engagement on certain conditions
anoint (disanoi‘nt),v. [f.D1s-6 + Anorn?.]
trans. To undo the anointing or consecration of.
Hence Disanoi‘nted, Disanoi‘nting A//. adjs.
1648 Mitton Tenure Kings (1649) 2 They have. .bandied
and borne armes against their King, devested him, dis-
anointed him. 1820 Keats Hyferion u. 98 For Fate Had
pour’d a mortal oil upon his head, A disanointing poison.
1867 Trencu Shipwrecks Faith 47 There is something un-
utterably pathetic in that yearning of the disanointed King
[Saul]. 1871 SwinsurXe Songs bef. Sunrise, Halt bef. Rome
175 His blessings, as other men’s curses Disanoint where
ey consecrate Kings.
Disanswerable a.: sce D1s- 1o.
Eaeenape el, v. Obs. [f.D1s-6 + APPARELY.:
perhaps after F. désapparetller (11th c. in Littré)
ef. Sp. desaparejar to unharness, unrig, Pg. des-
aparelhar to unrig, wnmast.] ¢vans. To deprive
of apparel ; to disrobe, undress. Also fig.
-_ Sipney Arcadia 11. 336 Zelmane disapparelling her-
self. 1627-77 Feituam Resolves 1. Ixxxiv. 128 The Cup is
the betrayer of the mind, and does disapparel the soul.
@1649 Drumm. or Hawru. Cypress Grove Wks. (1711) 11
Every day we rise and lie down, apparel and disappare
our selves, weary our bodies and refresh them. 1652 Ben-
Lowes 7heoph. xu. c. 249 Thus entertain we death, as
friend To disapparel us for Glories endlesse end.
b. intr. for vefl. Cf. undress.
1655 H. VauGuan Svlex Scint. 1. (1858) 51 I’le disapparell,
and to buy But one half glaunce most gladly dye.
+Disapparition. 0s. rare. [f. Dis- 9+
APPARITION ; after désappear.]_ = DISAPPEARANCE.
1790 Herscuet in Phil. Trans. LX XX. 479 Its diSap-
Parition in general, and in my telescopes its faintness when
turned ed, ys, are in no favourable to this idea.
1796 W. Taytor in Robberds Aen. I. 97 The still dis-
ee of the tumult and bustle.
isappear (disapies), v. Forms: 6 disapere,
7 disappeer, -appeare, 7— disappear. [f. D1s- 6
+ APPEAR v., after F, disparaitre, disparaiss-, of
_ which the earlier direct reprs. were DispanisH and
DISPEAR, q.v.
(In Palsgr., but app. not in common use before 17th c.
Not in Shaks., nor in Bible of 1611.)] eet
1. intr. To cease to appear or be visible; to
vanish from sight. The reverse of APPEAR.
1530 PatsGr. 517/1 The vysion disapered incontynent.
1623 CockERAM, ie are, to vanish out of sight. 1647
Crarenpon Hist. Red. I. (1843) 17/2 There appeared to him,
on the side of his bed, a man .: after this discourse he dis-
Gppeared. 1665 Sir T, Herpert 77av. (1677) 388 When
403
the Sun is deprest and disappearing. 1667 Mitton ?. L.
vill. 478 She disappeerd, and left me dark, I wak’d To find
her, or for ever to deplore Her loss. a1704 Locke (J.),
The pictures drawn in our minds are laid in fading colours,
and, if not sometimes refreshed, vanish and disa ppear.
1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 271 ‘The Cloud upon my Wife's
Face began to disappear by degrees. 1860 TyNDALL Glac.1.
xxvii, 212, I saw the leader sink and suddenly disappear,
b. Of a line or thing extended in space, which
ends by gradually ceasing to be distinguishable,
or ‘dies away’ by blending with something else ;
to be traceable no farther.
7753, Hocartu Axa. Beauty 9 Its opposite thread is lost,
and disappears on the other, 1860 ‘I'yNpaLt Glac. 1. ix. 63
A moraine .. disappearing at the summit of the cascade.
Mod. (Entomol.) A species of moth with a particular line
disappearing at the subcostal vein.
2. To cease to be present, to depart; to pass from
existence, pass away, be lost.
1665 Hooke Microgr. 98 If. .the surface has been long ex-
pos’d .. these small caverns are fill’d with dust, and dis-
appear. 1784 Cowper Task 11. 814 As duly as the swallows
disappear. 1874 Mortey Comprontise (1886) 235 A species of
plant or animal disappears in face of a better adapted species.
1884 Gustarson Found. Death i. (ed. 3) 13 ‘The works of
the few writers of antiquity who ventured to’treat of these
mysteries. . have tracelessly disappeared.
b. of things immaterial.
@1700 DrypeEN (J.), When the night and winter disappear,
The purple morning rising with the year, Salutes the Spring.
1809-10 CoLerIDGE /*réend (1865) 38 I ffects will not, indeed,
immediately disappear with their causes. 1862 H. Spencer
First Princ, . 1. § 26 (1875) 91 Our conception of the
Relative itself disappears, if our conception of the Absolute
is a pure negation. 1893 H’eekly No/es 83/2 ‘Vhe distinction
between meritorious and non-meritorious creditors had dis-
appeared,
Disappearance (disapirins), [f. Disarrear
v. + -ANCE, after afpearance.] The action of dis-
appearing ; passing away from sight or observation;
vanishing.
1712 AppIson Sfect. No. 317 ? 2 Not likely to be remem-
bred a Moment after their Disappearance. 1794 S. WiL-
LiAMS Vermont 115 ‘The usual times of the appearance and
disappearance of these birds. 1847 Emerson Repr. Alen,
Montaigne Wks. (Bohn) I. 352 Let a man learn .. to bear
the disappearance of things he was wont to reverence, with-
out losing his reverence. 1856 StanLey S7nai §& Pad. viii.
(1858) 328 The sudden appearances and disappearances,
which baffled all the zeal of his enemies. 1871 Mortry
Voltaire (1886) 351 The final disappearance of many ideas
which foster anti-social tendencies.
Disappearer (disipiera1), [f. Disaprear +
-ER1,] One who disappears or vanishes.
1882 NV. Y. Tribune 14 June, Prickly comfrey, which ..
was going to do such great things for our agriculture, seems
to have joined the mysterious disappearers. 1889 Daily
News 8 Oct. 5/1 The learned Feithius, who ‘chanced to
pop his head into a fuller’s shop’ and never came out again,
was a model of a disappearer.
Disappea‘ring, 22/. 5d. [f. as prec. + -1NG1,]
The action of the verb to DIsApprar.
1611 Cotcr., Disfaroissance, a disappearing, or vanishing
out of sight. 1662S. P. Acc. Latitude Men in Phenix 11.
514 The appearing of new Stars and disappearing of old.
1726 Adv. Capt, R. Boyle 285 All the Discourse was of
Don Roderigo’s sudden disappearing. 1807 T. THomMsoN
Chem. Il, 115 It is impossible ..to account for the dis-
appearing of the two gases, or the appearance of the water,
without admitting that this liquid is actually composed of
oxygen and hydrogen.
Disappearing, ppl.a. [f. as prec. +-ING 2.]
That disappears or passes out of sight.
1886 Daily News 9 Nov. 2/7 The defendant .. performed
the trick with his daughter as the disappearing lady. 1887
Fortn. Rev. Nov. (Brit. Army), We are behindhand ..
in disappearing guns, in cupolas and shields, and in sub-
marine mining. 1891 Daily News 7 Oct. 5/3 Witnessing
target practice with the so-called disappearing gun..The
gun is hoisted for firing, and immediately upon the discharge
alls back into position.
+ Disappendancy,-ency. Os. vare—'. [f.
Dis- 9 + APPENDANCY.] Law. The condition or
quality of being disappendant ; an instance of this.
1760 Burn Eccles, Law (1767) I. 6 (Jod.) A disappendency
may be also temporary.
+ Disappe‘ndant, -ent,. Os. [f. Dis- 10
+ APPENDANT.] Law. The opposite of APPEN-
DANT; detached from being an appendancy.
1642 Perkins Prof. Bh. v. § 436. 188 If the Baylywick or
faire be disappendant in fee from the Manour. 1760 Burn
Eccles. Law (1767) 1. 7 (Jod.) The advowson is made dis-
appendent.
Disappoint (disdpoint), v. Also 5-6 dis-
apoynte, 6 disapoincte, -apoint, -apoynt, -ap-
poynte, dys-. [ad. F. désappointer (14th c. in
Hatz.-Darm.), f. des- (Dis- 4) + appointer to Ap-
point. See also Dispoint.]
1. trans. To undo the appointment of ; to deprive
of an appointment, office, or possession; to dis-
possess, deprive. Ods. (exc. as nonce-wd.)
[1489 see Disrornt.] 1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad.
1, 582 A monarch..hath power..to appoint or to disappoint
the greatest officers. 1824 Byron ¥uan xvi. xxv, He would
keep it Till duly disay ted or dismiss’d. 1869 SpuRGEON
Treas. Dav, Ps. xi. 6 God’s Anointed is appointed, and shall
not be disappointed. .
2. To frustrate the expectation or desire of (a
person) ; to defeat, balk, or deceive in fulfilment. of
desire. Const. + of, 27, with.
|
DISAPPOINTING.
1494 FapyAn Chron. vu. ccxxxiv. 270 He, contrary his
promyse, dyd disapoynte them, and nothynge ayded ‘them.
1555 WatTREMAN Vardle Facious Ded. 4 Neuer disapointed
of honourable successe. 1697 Porter Antig. Greece U. ii.
(1715) 183 [They] were miserably disappointed of their ex-
pectations. 1749 Fie.pinc You Fones x. iii, Disappointed
in the ‘woman whom .. he had mistaken for his wile 1821
SHettey Prometh. Unb, ut. iv. 128, I .. first was disap-
jointed not to see Such mighty change as I had felt within
Expremed in outward things. 1839 ‘I’. Beate Na/. /ist.
Sperm Whale 204, 1 was much disappointed with its ap-
pearance. Mod. 1 should be sorry to disappoint you. If
they rely on him, he will be sure to disappoint them.
+b. To defeat (of action, effort, etc.). Obs.
1582 N. LicHerietp tr. Castanheda’s Cong. E. Ind. \xv.
132 Howbeit to disappoint them of their suttle dealing. 1587
Gotpinc De Mornay x. (1617) 149 ‘The Adamant or Lode-
stone .. is disappointed of his force by Garlicke.
+38. To break off (what has been appointed or
fixed); to fail to keep or comply with (an en-
gagement) ; to fail to fulfil an appointment with (a
person). Cf. APPoInT v. 3. Obs.
1530 Patscr. 517/1, I disapoynte, I breake a poyntement
with a person. . 1842 Henry VIII Declar. Scots 193 The
..metyng was not onely disappoynted, but .. an inuasion
made .. into our realme. 1881 ) ork Bakers’ Guild § 39 in
Archvol. Rev. (1888) May, If any jurneyman .. dothe
promise anie maister to come and Helps him to bake at
tyme appointed, and .. go to an other to worke, and dis-
apoint the maister. 1633 Br. Hatt //ard Texts, N. 7. 363
So as to put off and disappoint the day which he had set.
4. ‘To undo or frustrate anything appointed or
determined; to defeat the realization or fulfilment of
(plans, purposes, intentions) ; to balk, foil, thwart
(anticipations, hopes, etc,).
1579 lomson Calvin's Seri. Tint. 99/2 Not yt any mortall
men can disappoint that which God hath established from
heauen. 1611 Bipie /’7ov. xv. 22 Without counsell, pur-
poses are disappointed. 1689 C. Hatton in //. Corr. (1878)
IL. 133 Y¢ fatall resolution. .hath disapointed y* delivery of
y' letter. 1715-20 Pore /éiad vit. 304 ‘The wary Trojan
shrinks, and, bending low Beneath his buckler, disappoints
the blow, 1718 Lapy M. W. Montacu Let. to Lady Rich
16 Mar., I can answer without disappointing your expec-
tations. 1818 Cruisk Digest (ed. 2) Il. 433 On purpose
that the testator’s intention should be wholly frustrated,
and that the tenant for life should be under a temptation
to disappoint the will. 1832 Hr. Martineau /fomes Abroad
ix, The junction of penal with voluntary emigration tends. .
to disappoint the purposes of the one, and to extinguish
the benefits of the other. 1855 Macaucay //ist. Eng.
165 ‘This ambitious hope Louvois was bent on disappointing.
1873 F. Hatt in Scvidner’s Mag. V1. 466/2 Nor is this ex-
pectation frequently disappointed.
To undo, destroy, overthrow. Ods.
161x Cotcr., Deshraguer, to vnplant, or dismount artil-
lerie; to wry, or disappoint the leuell thereof. 1633 Br.
Hai Hard Texts 311 All those curious and wealthy ‘Trades
of them who worke in fine flaxe .. Shall be utterly undone
and disappointed. 1709 SteeLe Vater No. 135 ?1 They
endeavour to disappoint the good works of the most learned
..of men. 1712 tr. Pomet’s Hist. Drugs 1, 26 Disappointing
all the ill Effects of the Viperine poison.
+ 5. To appoint, equip, or accoutre improperly.
Cf. Appoint 15. Ods.
1587 Gotpinc De Mornay i. 7 In painting thy Pictures
thou doest not so disapoint thy selfe.
+ Disappoint, sb. Obs. rare. [f. prec. vb.]
The act of disappointing ; disappointment.
1642 Rocers Naaman 267 The more desirable the object,
the greater the disappoint. @ 1656 Br. Hair Soliliguies 45
There is nothing more troublesome in human Society than
the disappoint of trust and failing of friends.
+ Disappoi'ntable, ¢. Obs. rave—°. [f. Dis-
APPOINT V. + -ABLE.] Liable to be deprived of
office, etc.
1611 Corcr., Destituadle, destituable, disappointable.
Disappoi‘nted, 7//. a. [f. as prec. + -ED !.]
1. Having one’s anticipations frustrated ; foiled,
thwarted.
1552 HuLoet, Disapoynted, /rustratus. 1744 R. Lippe.
Let. to Lady Denbigh 10 May in 8th Rep. Hist. MSS.
Comm., The disappointed people who were invited have
lost their dance. 1781 Gispon Decé. §& /. II. 107 The dis-
appointed monarch .. was thrice repulsed with loss and
ignominy. 1861 Gro. Exior Silas JM. 10 The anguish of
disappointed faith. A
. Improperly appointed, equipped, or fitted
out; unfurnished, unprepared. Oés.
1602 SuHaks. Ham. 1. v. 77 Cut off euen in the Blossomes
of my Sinne, Vnhouzzled, disappointed, vnnaneld. a 1659
CLEVELAND Sing-song xxxv, The Bridegroom in at last did
rustle, All disappointed in the Bustle, The Maidens had
shav’d his Breeches. ‘ ; ;
Hence Disappoi'ntedly adv., in a disappointed
manner.
1880 Mrs. Burnetr Louisiana 12, I would rather have
‘ Louise’, she said, disappointedly.
Disappoi‘nter. [f. as prec. +-rR!.] One who
or that which disappoints.
1812 Leich Hunt in Examiner 14 Dec. 786/2 He is not
the disappointer of hopes. i 1820 lbid. No. 616. 66/1 Royal
P and pro
Disappointing, vbl, sb. [f. as prec. + -ING1.]
The action of the vb, Disappoint; disappointment.
1580 Hottysanp 7veas. Fr. Tong, Destitution & Delais-
sement, destituting or disappointing. 1643 Mitton Divorce
iii, (1851) 26 The isappointing of an impetuous nerve.
Disappointing, ///.a. [f.as prec. + -1NG?.]
That disappoints ; that belies hope or expectation.
1530 Patscr. 310/1t Disapoyntyng, /rustrati~, 1836 Kester -
in Lyra A post, (1849) 199 Vain Cones oe ! 1884
-2
DISAPPOINTMENT.
Fortn. Rev. June 812 The sons of Jacob were ...a disap-
pointing set of young men.
Hence Disappoi‘ntingly adv., in a disappoint-
ing manner. Disappoi‘ntingness, disappointing
quality.
Pali Mall G. 25 Aug. 5/1 [Apparatus] disappoint-
ingly useless. 1874 L. SrerHEN Hours in Library {x8g2)
I, x. 371 The light verses and essays .. are disappointingly
weak. 1887 Cueyne ob § Solomon vi, The main point
for us to emph is the disappointing of the events
of the epilogue regarded as the final outcome of Job’s
spiritual discipline.
Disappointment (disipointmént). [f. Dis-
APPOINT V. + -MENT: cf. F. désappointement (14-
15th c. in Hatz.-Darm.); also DisPoINTMENT.]
. The fact of disappointing; the frustration or
non-fulfilment of ex tion, intention, or desire.
1614 Raveicn Hist. World w. v. § 11 (R.) Such disap-
pointment of expectation doth much abate the courage of
men in fight. 1690 Norris Beatitudes (1692) 1.25 Not that
which the World understands
by Disappointment, the not |
compassing what you design’d .. but the not enjoying what |
ou have compassed, the ser ioc at of Fruition. 1700
Tyree Hist. Eng. 11, 1107 Penalties. .for the disappoint-
ment of the Lord by his Ward's marrying himself without
his consent. 1794 S. WiLtiams Vermont 139 All the pros-
pects of success and disappointment. 1860 aba: Glac.
ul. ix. 271 Severe labour and frequent disappointment had
taught observers the true conditions of success.
b. with a. and f/. An instance of this.
1614 Br. Hari Recoll, Treat. 935 Lest .. he .. should
want means of speedy thankesgiving for so gratious a dis-
appointment; beholde a Ram stands ready for the sacrifice.
1752 JoHNSoN Rambler No. 196 P 4 Hope will predominate
in every mind, till it has beey suppressed by frequent dis-
appointments. 1866 Gro. Exior /. Holt (1868) 23 She saw
clearly that the meeting with the son had been a disap-
pointment in some way.
2. The state or condition of being disappointed,
with its resulting feeling of dejection.
1756 Burke Sud. & B.1. v, If pleasure be abruptly broken
off, there ensues an uneasy sense called disappointment.
1822 Lams £/ia Ser. 1. Detached Th. on Bhs., Newspapers
always excite curiosity. No-one ever lays one down with-
out a feeling of disappointment. 1856 Froupe Hist. Eng.
(1858) I. ii. 118 The disappointment was intense in propor-
tion to the interests which were at issue.
3. ellipt. A cause of disappointment ; a thing or
person that disappoints.
1765 Cowper Lett. 1 Aug., One who has been a disappoint-
ment and a vexation to them ever since he has been of con-
sequence enough to be either. 1843 Miss Mitrorp in
L'Estrange Life III. x. 177 Bath is a disappointment—
monotonous, bald, poor, and dead.
Disappreciate (disapr7‘fijit), v. [f. Dis- 6
+ APPRECIATE.] ¢vans. To regard with the reverse
of appreciation; to undervalue.
1828 in WessTER}; whence in mod. Dicts.
So Disapprecia‘tion, the reverse of appreciation.
Disapprobation (disceprobé'fan). [f- Dis- 9
+ APPROBATION, after disapprove : so mod.F, dés-
approbation (18th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).] The action
or fact of disapproving ; the feeling or utterance of
moral condemnation ; disapproval.
1647 CLarenpon Hist. Reb. v. (1843) 217/2 Which im-
404
priating of the Rectory gt gee to ange 1765 BLAck-
t dissoluti ies .
DISARM.
| of the place, and sai): the aproned or disaproned Burghers
STONE Commt. I. 386 Al 5
the appropriations of the Ip wes, which belongéd
to those respective =o houses .. would have been by
the rules of the common law di jated. 1798 BentHam
Let. to Pole Carew 16 Aug. Wks. (1838-1843) X. 325 If the
portion of revenue at present appropriated..was to be dis-
appropriated.
+2. To render (a thing) no longer the private
pro; or ion of any one. Obs. rare—'.
1645 Mitton 7etrach. (1851) 186 To assist nature in dis-
appropriating that evil which by continuii b
destructive.
Disa; pria‘tion. [n. of action, f. prec. :
‘sappropriation (17th c.).] The action of
ch.
rendering disappropriate.
1727-51 Cuampers Cycl. s.v. Appropriation, To dissolve
an appropriation, it is enough to present a clerk to the bishop,
and he to institute and induct him: for that once-done, the
benefice returns to its former nature. This is called disap-
propriation.
Disapprovable (disipri-vab’l), a. [f. Dis-
APPROVE ¥., after APPROVABLE.] To be disap-
proved of ; worthy of disapproval.
1657 ToMLINeoN Renou's —_ 554 That manner wherein
the Cassia is so long cocted, is disapproveable.
M’Cosu Scott. Philos. xii. 101 Distinguishing good an
approvable actions from bad and disapprovable ones.
Disapproval (disapr#-val). [f. Disarprove
v., after APPROVAL.] The action or fact of dis-
approving; moral condemnation of what is con-
sidered wrong ; disapprobation.
1662 Giaxvit, Lux Orient. iv. (R.), There being not a
word let fall from them in disapproval of that opinion. 1818
Topp, Disapprovadl, a word, like approval not common, but
which has been used, I think, in modern times, for disap-
probation, 1856 Frouve //ist. Eng. 1. 173'The disapproval
with which good men regard acts of sin. 1874 Green Short
Hist. vi. § 6. 336 His silent disapproval was more telling
than the opposition of obscurer foes.
Disapprove (disaprazv’, v. [prob. a. OF.
*desaprove-r, mod.¥. d/sapprouve-r to disapprove,
f. des-, Di8- 4 + aprover, approuver to APPROVE.
Our earliest quot. however is earlier than the first
recorded in Hatz.-Darm. (1535).]
+1. trans. To prove to be untrue or wrong; to
Disprove. Ods.
1481 Caxton 7ully’s Friendship, Orat. G. Flaminius ¥ ja,
The vulgar oppynyon..I holde it ful easy to disapprove syth
it is so full of errours. 1540 CoverDALE Confut. Standish
Wks. II. 378 Sundry places of scripture, the circumstances
whereof doth utterly disapprove your doctrine. 1607 Tor-
SELL Serpents (1658) 723 Such like vanities have the ancient
Heathens .. firmly believed, till .. experience disapproved
their inventions. 1760-72 tr. Fuan & Ulloa's Voy. big 3)
1. Pref. 9 Things not thoroughly proved, or absolutely dis-
approved ; but which are reserved for further examination.
1793 Mrs. Parsons Mem. Mrs. Menville 1V. 15 My conduct
| shall disapprove her malicious conjectures.
plied a disapprobation, at least, if not a contempt of their |
carriage towards him. 1693 Lond. Gaz, No. 3843/t The
Pope has declared .. his Dis-approbation of his Imperial
Majesties having Erected a Ninth Electorate. 1792 Anecd.
W. Pitt 1. xx. 323 His Majesty betrayed some signs of |
disapprobation. © 1831 Scorr Cast. Dang. vii, A murmur
of disapprobation ran through the warriors present. ed |
R. Garnett Carlyle iv, ‘ Sartor’, the publisher acquainte:
him, ‘excites universal disa) i pooner Sort
Disapprobative i isee*prdbeitiv), a. [f. Dis-
10 + APPROBATIVE; after desapprove, disapproba-
tion.) Characterized by or expressing disappro-
bation ; disapprobatory.
1824 J. Gitcurist Ltym. [nterpr. 83 They are all appro-
bative or disapprobative. 73 Miss BrouGuton Nancy
II. 102 Now I look at him with a disgustful and disappro-
bative eye. : 2 .
Disapprobatory (disx'prdbeitari), a. [f. Dis-
10 + AppRoBATORY : cf. prec.] Characterized b
disapproving ; conveying or implying disapproval.
1828 Wesster, Disap, tory, containing disapproba-
tion; tending to disapprove. 1 Cartyce Remin, (1881)
Il. App. 322 Eminent men .. had stood coventy silent,
dubitative, disapprobatory. Frora L. Suaw Castle
Blair (1882) 38 Mr. Plunkett looked as though he felt some-
how vaguely disapprobatory. a
Disappropriate (diseeprdwprijtt), Ap/.a. [ad.
med. or mod.L. disappropriat-us, f. Dis- 4 + appro-
pridtus Appropriate. In F, désapproprié.] De-
prived of appropriation; severed from connexion
with a religious corporation.
1613 Sir H. Fincn Law (1636) 14 A Church appropri
to a spiritual compere becommeth disappropriate, if the
corporation be dissolued, 1765 BLacksTone Come. I. 386
If the corporation which has the aj riation is dissolved,
priated
the parsonage es disappropriate at common law.
Disa te (diseeprduprijit), v. [f. ppl.
stem of med. or mod.L. désappropriare, f. Dis- 4+
appropriare to Aprnopriate : in F, désapproprier,
(17th c. in Hatz,-Darm.). °
1. “rans. To dissolve the appropriation of; to
take away from that to which it has been appro-
priated. See APPROPRIATE a. I.
1656 Burton's Diary (1828) 1. 299 A Bill for the disappro-
2. The reverse of to APPROVE: to regard with
disfavour or moral condemnation; to feel or ex-
press disapprobation of.
1647 CowLry Mistress, Love gone over, iii, Fate does dis-
approve Th’ Ambition of thy Love. 1651 Hosses Leviath.
ut. xlii, 280 Some approved, others disapproved the Inter-
pretation of St. Paul. 1713 Steere Lnglishman No. 31.
197 Why must I hear what I disapprove, because others
see what they approve? 1833 Hr. Martineau Brooke
Farm i, | disapprove the object of such a meeting. i
Mrs. Browninc Aur. Leigh u. g60 Henceforth none Could
disapprove me.
absol. 1717 Pore Eloisa 259 Nature stands check’d ; Re-
ligion disapproves. 1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. Il. 97
Rochester, disapproving and murmuring, consented to serve.
3. zntr. with of (trarely 40). =2. Also with z#-
direct passive.
1726 Suetvocke Voy. round World (1757) 113 This..was
not disapproved of by some of x ople who eat of it.
1745 Westey Answ. Ch. 4, I w olty = rove of all
these Positions. U9 SickeLmore Agnes & L. 1. 182 Don
Sebastian enquired to what .. the Count de Tourville
could disapprove. 1828 Scorr F. M. Perth xxxiv, The
leader disapproved of this arrangement. 187§ JoweTT
Plato (ed. 2) V. 181 Modern jurists would disapprove of
the — of injustice being purchased only at an increas-
ing risk. ‘
Hence Disappro‘ved ///. a., Disappro‘ving
vbl. sb. and ppl. a.; Disappro’vingly adv., in a
disapproving manner; also + Disappro-vement,
disapproval ; Disappro‘ver, one who disapproves.
1648 J. Goopwin Right §& Might 11 A disapprovement of
the factious ane of things. 1653 Mitton Hirelings
Wks. (1851) i, rung out of mens Purses to maintain
a disapprov’ Ministry against thir Conscience.
Lp. Hatton in Nicholas P. (Camden) II, 165, I fi
my selfe exceedingly out in a x oottey tad Cuappreving
of persons. 1661 LE Style nals Pp. fo oA: (ed
Not siping. “Ee judges .. have been pleased to give
papers no pproving character. 1794 //ist.in Ann. Reg.
107 Every disapprover of their politics and religious tenets.
1820 Foster Ess, Evils Pop. 1gnorance 178 The disapprovers
of the designs for educating the people. 1832 Z. i
646/1, I have spoken disapprovingly of the method. 1860
Exuicorr Life our Lord v. 2: plas, taal inion. .is noticed,
not ogee hn a by Lightfoot. 1866 Gro. Euior . Holt
(1868) here was unkind triumph or disapproving pity in
the glances of greeting neighbours.
Disaproned (disé'prond), Api. a. ‘[f. *désapron
vb.: see Dis- 7a.] Divested or devoid of an
apron,
1831 CartyLe Sart, Res. u. iii, I entered the main street
|
g in to *
Disa'pt, v. Vds. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + Avr v]
trans. Vo render unfit.
1611 Cotcr., Disadjusté ..disapted. Disatjuster, to
diSadiust..disapt. a 1618 Sy.vesteR 7obacco Battered 619
Yet doth the custome Disnerve the bodie, and disapt the
minde.
+ Disa-pten, v. Obs. rare. [see-EN 5.] = prec.
a 1655 Vines Lora’s Supper(1677) 36 Such sins as carnalize
the heart, and disapten us for spiritual fruition.
, obs. form of Dicer.
Disarchbishop: see Dis- 7 b.
Disard, obs. or archaic form of Dizzarp.
Disare, var. Disour, Ods.
+Disari-thmetic, v. nonce-wd. [D1s- 7.]
1606 Warner Ald, Eng. xvi. ci. 400 Minerva suffreth
violence when Phao makes her faire, liny such be disarith-
metickt, his Creatures that are. :
(disaum),v. Also § des-, dys-. [In
15th c. desarm(e, a. F. désarmer (11th c. in Hatz.-
Darm.), f. des-, Dis- 4+ armer to ARM.
1. ¢vans. To deprive of arms, to take
weapons from. Const. of.
1481 Caxton Godfrey (E.E.T.S.) 224 The Turkes. .toke
thise .xij. men by force, and desarmed them. 1618 RowLanps
Night Raven 33 All those he after ten a clocke did finde,
He should disarme of weapons they did beare.
Mitton P, ZL. m1. 253 Death .. shall .. stoop Inglorious, of
his mortal sting disarm’d. 1765-9 BLackstone Commt. (1793)
328 A proclamation for disarming papists. 1828 ScoTT
F. M. Perth xxxii, The new comers had .. entered the
Castle, and were in the act of disarming the small garrison.
1849 Macautay Hist, Eng. II. 139 A royal order came from-
Whitehall for disarming the population.
b. To force his weapon from the hand of (an
opponent) in fighting or fencing.
I Patscr. 517/1 He was desarmed at the first course.
Bs ge Chron., Hen. VIII, 82b, The kyng of England
with few strokes disarmed his counter partie. 1610 SHAks.
Temp. 1. ii. 472 Come, from thy ward. .I can heere disarme
thee with this sticke, And make thy weapon drop. 1700 S. L.
tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 160, | made another pass at him,
and fortunately run him into the Shoulder, and disarm’d
him. 1833 Regud. /ustr. Cavalry 1.123 He may be disarmed
by the ‘ Left Parry’. :
ce. To divest of armour; to strip the defensive
armour off (a man or horse). arch.
¢ 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon iii. 91 They..made hym
come in, and dysarmed hym, and dyde to hym grete honoure.
1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. VIII, an. 2 (R.) These justes
fynished..the kynge was disarmed, and at time conuenient
he and the quene heard euen song. 1611 Cotcr., Desbdrder,
to vnbarbe, or disarme a horse of seruice. 1841 JAMES
Brigand ii, The page -. came up to disarm his lord.
d. ref. To put off one’s armour or divest one-
self of arms.
1481 Caxton Godfrey (E.E.T.S.) 275 Thenne departed the
barons, and disarmed them and toke of theyr harnoys in
theyr hostellys. cate — Sonne of Aymon viii. 198 They
dysarmed theym selfe, and ete right well. 1632 J. Hay-
warp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 28 The Prince disarm’d and
uncloath’d himselfe. 1700 T'yrrect Hist. Eng. 11. 920 Earl
Richard .. disarmed himself.
2. intr. (for ref.) =1.
1598 Barrer 7hcor. Warres u. i. 22 The Ensigne-bearer
is not to disarme vntil the gates of the Fort .. be first shut.
1602 Marston Ant. & Mel. 1. Wks. 1856 I. 31 Sweet lord,
abandon passion, and disarme. 1626.C, Porrer tr. Sarfi's
— Pius V, 433 Order was also giuen .. to the Count
e Fuentes that he should disarme.
8. trans. To deprive of munitions of war or
means of defence, to dismantle (a city, ship, etc.).
(Also b, intr. for refi.) :
1602 Warner A dd. oe ae gs (1612) 355 The Romaines. .
still to hold this Land theirs, had disarmed it of munition.
1611 Cotcr., Desmonter vne navire, to disarme a ship, to
despoile her of all her munition, and furniture. 1685 Lond.
Gas. No. 2081/1 Orders have been sent to the Galleys .. to
return hither, that they may be disarmed and laid up. 1726
Cavautier Mem. 1. 40 We disarm’d and burn'd some
Churches, for fear the Enemy should put Garrisons in them.
Lbid. U1. 125, 1 disarmed Brujiere some other Villages
near pa e peenp a x S
b. 1694 Lond. Gas. No. 3027/1 All the Ships were Dis-
¢ arms or
ing.
¢. To deprive (an animal) of its natural organs
of attack or defence, as horns, claws, teeth; to
divest anything of that with which it is armed.
1607 Torse.. Four-f. Beasts (1658) 34 Heliogabalus ..
suddenly, in the night, would rary in among them bi
wolves, Tyoss, and leopards, muzled and disarmed, /6d. 98
They lose their horns in March ..When the head of this
beast is disarmed, there issueth blood from the skull. 1687
Drvpen Hind & P. 1. 300 Their jaws disabl’d, and their
claws disarm'd. a@ 1800 R Jliad (ed. 2) xv1. R}
Hector, drawing nigh To Ajax, of its brazen t disarm’
His ashen beam. 1820 W. Irvine Sketch Bk. I. 47 Have
the courage to appear poor, and you disarm poverty of its
sharpest sting.
4. To reduce (an army, navy, etc.) to the cus-
tomary peace footing. Usually adso/. or tntr. (for
refl.).
A Cuamsers C
sion of a peace, it is usual for.
Netson 4 Apr. in Nicolas Disp.
for both
the offer of Great Britain, either to join us, or disa I
Lease Midiaon, whet ie yas sees ? rs
cutsblisty ME 968 Spectato 14 Nov. 1332 The old diffi-
disarmament
Ity that a drilled nation cannot disarm,
in a comaheg ies Prussia is a mere phrase, is still unaffected.
DISARM.
1886 Manch. Exant. 13 Jan. 4/7 Greece .. will not disarm, |
but will go to war if her demands are not agreed to. |
5. fig. To deprive of power to injure or terrify ;
to divest of aversion, suspicion, hostility, or the like;
to render harmless, divest of its formidable char-
acter. Const. of (+ rarely fron).
¢1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 1. metr. iv. 13 So schalt pou desarmen
be ire of bilke vnmy3ty tyraunt. c 1600 Saks. Sov. cliv.
8 The general of hot desire Was sleeping by a virgin hand
disarm’d. 1649 Mitton ikon. iv. Wks. (1847) 285/2 His
design was .. to disarm all, i, Poem! of a wise fear and
suspicion. @1704 1’, Brown Ufou a Yung. Lady Wks. 1730
I. 67 A tongue that every heart disarms. 1776 Gisbon
Decl. & F. 1. vii. 136 Conscious security disarms the cruelty
of the monarch. 1788 Lapy Hawke Yulia de G. I. 230
Disarmed from the slightest remains of envy, Julia returned
to the company. 1841-44 Emerson £ss. Manners Wks.
(Bohn) L. 213 Society loves .. the air of drowsy strength,
which disarms criticism. 1871 Macpurr Mem. Patmos vi.
75 What could disarm that amphitheatre and these blazing
faggots of their horrors? 1894 J. T. FowLer Adamnan
Introd. 70 His hostility was soon disarmed, and his con-
version effected.
absol. «1719 Avvison Rosamond .i, No fear shall alarm,
No pity disarm.
+6, transf. To take off as armour. Olds. rare.
¢1613 Row.anps Paire Spy-Kuaves 6 Disarme this heauy
burden from my backe.
+b. Magnetism. To take away the armature.
See ARMATURE 6. Oés.
1730 Savery in Phil. Trans. XXXVI. 325, I took off the
Armour and bound it to that which was newly touched, and
therewith retouched that which I had disarmed.
7. Mandge. (See qupt.) [F. désarmer un cheval,
les levres Cun Pe
1727 BaiLey vol. II. s.v. Désaxm, To disarm the Lips of
a Horse, is to keep them subject, and out from above the
Bars, when they are so large as to cover the Bars, and pre-
vent the Pressure or 4/fuiz of the Mouth, by bearing up the
Bit, and so hindring the Horse from feeling the Effects of
it upon the Bars.
Hence Disa‘rming ///. a. _
1839 T. Beate Nat. Hist. Sperm Whale 302 Beckoned us
to approach with winning and disarming smiles.
a’rm, si. [f. prec.] The act of disarming
(an opponent) ; esp. in Fenczng. 1
1809 Rotanp Fencing 9 The crossing of the blade signifies
a kind of disarm, performed by a jirk from the wrist. 1827
Barrincton Pers. Sk. I. 16 A disarm is considered the
same as a disable. 1833 Regul. [ustr. Cavalry 1. 149 The
*Second Point’.. should be given with great caution, the
wrist being then so liable to the disarm.
Disarmament (disi:.imameént). [f. Disarm
v., alter armament; cf. F. désarmement (1594 in
Hatz.-Darm.), f. désarmer, to which the corre-
sponding Eng. type would be disarmment.] The
action of disarming ; ¢sf. the reduction of an army
or navy to the customary peace footing.
1795 Burke Corr, IV. 327 If the disarmament had been
common to all descriptions of disorderly persons, the measure
would have been excellent, 1861 Loud. Rev. 20 Apr. 4534/2
They propose the disarmament of the country. 1862 Hetrs
Organiz. Daily Life 54 What Europe really needed was
a congress that should dare to speak boldly to ambitious
monarchs respecting the vital subject of disarmament. 1889
B. F. Westcorr Let. in Guardian 6 Apr., Such a disarma-
ment would secure the lasting and honourable peace which
the leaders of Europe .. desire.
Disa‘rmature. vare. [f. Disanm w., after
ARMATURE.] The action of disarming; divestiture
of armour or means of defence.
18.. Sir W. Hamitton (O.), On the universities, which
have illegally dropt philosophy and its training from their
course of discipline, will lie the responsibility of this singular
and dangerous disarmature.
Disarme: see Disarmy.
Disarmed (disa-1md),4//.a. [f. Disarm + -ED!.]
1. Deprived of arms; unarmed; without arms or
weapons; divested of means of attack or defence.
1594 SPENSER Asoretti xii, I then disarmed did remaine.
1568 B. Jonson Zv. Man in Hum... v, 1 hold it good
polity not to go disarmed. 1628 Hospes 7hwcyd. (1822)
141 The Plateans .. aimed their arrows and darts at their
more disarmed parts. 1678 Puituirs (ed. 4) Disarmed,
(among Hunters) Deers are said to be when the Horns are
faln, 1821 Ber Banu Met. Leg., Wallace xciii, As |
sleeping and disarined he lay.
2. Her. (See quot.)
1830 Rosson Brit. Herald 111. Gloss., Disarmed..is said
of an animal or bird of prey, without claws, teeth, or beak. |
1882 Cussans Handbk. Her. 128. |
Disarmer (disa1mor).
One who disarms.
a 1660 Hammonp Hs. II, 62 (T.) So much learning and
abilities, as this disarmer is believed to have. 1820 Ex-
aminer No. 612. 2/1 The diSarmers .. of the country which
enabled them to disarm it. 1827 Barrincton Pers, Sh. Il.
16 The disarmer may break his adversary’s sword.
1 (disa-umin), vd/. sb. [f. Disarm
+ -ING 1] e action of the verb Disarm.
1548 Hawt Chron., Hen. VIII, 81b, The two kynges set
their countre parties to disarmyng. 1611 Corcr., Desarme-
ment,a AY depriuing of Armes. _ a 1660 HAMMOND
of schism, 1848 W. H.
[f. Disarm + -ER1.]
?
Wks. U1. 63 (T.) For the disarmin
Keuty tr. L. Blanc's Hist. Ten Y.11. 37 In the departments
de La Sarthe, de La Mayenne..some disarmings were
effected without violence.
attrib, 1753 Stewart's Trial 273 The part of the country
where the pannel lives, fell under the disarming Act. 1894
Daily News 29 June 5/2 This mode of protection [paint]
was unknown to the Highlanders, when they hid their
weapons, after'the Disarming Act.
was disara’
405
+Disarmy. Os. rare. (Also 9 disarme.)
[a. obs. Ff. aésarmée action of disarming, f. dés-
armer to disarm (:—Romanic type desarmata: see
Army).] A disarming.
1548 Hatt Chrou., Hen. VIL, 78b, The herauldes cried
the disarmy [ed. 1809 disarme].
Disarrange (disaréi-ndz), v. [f. Dis- 6+ Ar-
RANGE; cf. F. désarranger (17th c. in Littré).]
trans. To undo the arrangement of; to put into
a state of disorder, ,
1744 AKENSIDE Pleas. Jag. U1. 519 (Seager) Quick dis-
gust From things deform’d or disarrang’d. 1764 GRAINGER
Sugar Cane 1,189 The glebe .. Will journey, forc'd off by
the mining rain; And.. disarrange Thy neighbours’ vale.
1834 Hr. Martineau Farvers ii. 35 She.. would not let
his chamber be disarranged just at present. 1892 Sfeaker
8 Oct. 427/1 Sudden .. fluctuations in the standard of value
undoubtedly disarrange trade. .
Hence Disarra’nged ///. a., Disarra‘nging
vbl. sb.; Disarra‘nger, one who disarranges.
1827 Cu. Worpswortu Chas. /, etc. 19 A lamentably miscal-
culating and dis-arranged understanding. 1862 I, Hatt
Hindu Philos. Syst. 40 The arranging and disarranging
of the multitudinous constituents of the world. 1885 4 the-
neum 14 Nov. 645/2 ‘The name of the arranger—or rather
disarranger—was not given in the programme.
Disarrangement disaré':ndzmént). [f. prec.
+-MENT, after arrangement.) The fact or process
of disarranging or putting out of order; the con-
dition of being disarranged ; disorder.
cr A. Baxter Lug. Nat. Soud (1737) 11. 137 (T.) How
..is 1t possible that the mere disarrangement of the parts
of matter should perform this? 1790 Burke Avimy Esti.
mates Wks. V. 10 The whole of the arrangement, or rather
disarrangement of their military. 1837 CArtyLe /”. Rev.
ui. ut. i. (1857) II, 180 They are the Heart and presiding
centre of a France fallen wholly into maddest disarrange-
ment. 1885 Manch, Exam. 18 Feb. 3/2 The various
organic diseases and functional disarrangements.
Disarray (disir’-), sb. Forms: 4-7 dis-
aray(e, 5 dysaray, 6 disarey, 6- disarray.
[Probably a. OF. *desared (14th c. desarroy in
Littré, mod.F. désarrot), vbl. sb. from desarcer,
desarroyer: see next. The earlier OF. synonym
was desret, desrat, derat, whence Eng. desray,
Deray, Disray, of which désarray may be re-
garded as a modification. ]
1. The condition of being out of array or regular
order; disorder, confusion; = DrRAy sd. 1, Ic.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. » 853 (Edles.) As the woman hath
the maistrie she maketh to muche desray [A/SS. Cam. dis-
ray, //arl., Petw., Lansd., Selden disarayle}. ¢ 1477 Cax-
TON Fasox 31b, ‘They tourned their back and put hem to
flyght and disaraye. c1489 — Sonnes of Aymon xv. 354,
I wolde not for noo good that rowlande & olivere .. sholde
fynde vs in dysaray. 1530 Parser. 214/1 Disarey, out of order,
desaroy. 1880 C’tEss PemBroxke Ps. Ixviii. 1 His very face
shall cast On all his haters flight and disarray. 1664 Pepys
Diary 27 Mar., So much is this city subject to be put into
a disarray upon very small occasions. 1715-20 Pore /diad
xiv. 19 Dire disarray ! the tumult of the fight. 1835 J. P.
Kennepy Horse Shoe R. xviii. (1860) 216 Their .. weapons
lay around in disarray. 1882 SHortHousE ¥. /ug/esant II.
181 The wild confused crowd of leaping and struggling
figures, in a strange and ghastly disarray.
transf, 1818 MitMAN Samor 32 As clouds. .Gather their
blackening disarray to burst Upon some mountain turret.
2. Imperfect or improper attire; disorderly un-
dress. arch.
1590 Spenser /. Q. 1. iv. 4 A wicked Hag.. In ragged
robes and filthy disaray, 1814 Soutney Roderick xxv. 215
He who in that disarray Doth .. bestride the noble steed.
1857 HawrHorne Scarlet Lett. iii, Clad in a strange dis-
array of civilized and savage costume.
Disarray (disarzi:), v. Also 5-7 disaray.
[f. Dis- 6 + Array v.: perh. immediately after
OF. desareer, -eter (-oyer) to put into disorder (in
Godef.), f. des-, Dis- 4 + arveyer to Array. Cf.
prec. sb, and the synonymous Disray.]
1. ¢rvans. To throw out of array or order, to put
into disorder or confusion ; to rout, disorder, dis-
organize. (Chiefly of military array.)
c1470 Henry Wallace 1x. 856 All dysarayit the ost was,
and agast. 1513 DoucLas Zveis xin, vi. 32 The cite, quhilk
and schent. 1600 Hotianp Livy u. |xili. 86 At
the first skirmish the enemies were disaraied [ /usz]. 1641
Mitton Animadv. (1851) 223 To rout, and disaray the
wise and well-coucht order of Saint Pauls owne words,
1650 Eart Mono. tr. Senau/t’s Man bec. Guilty 205 They
rob Gardens without disaraying them. 1660 HickERINGILL
Famaica (1661) 68 The small Remnant left in Iamaica ..
will be able to disaray the Spaniards in Hispaniola or Cuba.
1713 C’ress Wincuetsea Misc. Poems 244 You Winds ! Whilst
not the Earth alone, you disarray. a@1848 R. W. Hamitton
Rew. §& Punishm. y. (1853) 222 What disarrays like death?
+b. intr. (for ref.) To fall out of array or
order, to become disordered. Ods.
1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. 1. ccxxv. 297 If any of our y
batayls breke, or disaray by any aduenture, drawe thyder
and confort them. 3
2. trans. To strip or spoil of personal array,
raiment, or attire ; to disrobe.
1483 Cath. Angl. 100/2 To Disaray [v.r. Disray or dis-
gise], exornare. 1590 SpENSER F. Q. 1. viii. 46 ‘That
witch they disaraid, And robd of roiall robes. 1611 Corcr.,
Deshabiller, to disarray, vncloth. 1715 Rowe Fane Gra
v. i, Help to disarray And fit me for the Block. 1814 Mrs. J.
West Alicia de L. U1. 226 Attendant damsels to prepare
the bath, to help to disarray her.
|
|
DISASSENT.
b. cntr. for ref.
1678 Butter Hud. 11. i. 250 I'd hardly time to lay My
weapons by, and disarray. — ; ;
e. trans. To despoil, strip of any adjunct.
1579 SrENSER Sheph. Cal. Feb. 105 A goodly Oake ..
With armes full strong.. But of their leaves they were
disarayde. 1610 G. Fietcner Christ's Vict. in Farr S. P.
Fas. [ (1848) 34 As when a vapour from a moory slough
.. Doth heaven’s bright face of his rayes disarray. 1820
Suettey Liberty xix, My song, its pinions disarrayed
of might, Drooped. 1852 M. Arnoip Poems, Emipedocles
on Etna 1, Ere quite the being of man, ere quite the
world Be disarray'd of their divinity.
Hence Disarraying vé/. sb.
1611 Cotcr., Desarrengement, an vnranking, disordering,
disarraying. .
Disarrayed (disaréid), pf/. a.
v.+-ED!.]
1. Out of array; disordered, in disorder.
1611 Sreep Hist. Gt. Brit. vi. xlviii. § 16. 170 Following
the disarraied flight of the Persians. 1742 Younc *.
Th. v. 826 His disarray'’d oblation he devours. 1827 ‘T.
Doustepay Sea-Cave 11 Some sea-born maid .. with her
green tresses disarrayed. 1864 Pusey Lect. Daniel ix. 563
Mists, which hurry along .. like hosts disarrayed.
2. Divested of personal array or attire, stripped.
1611 Cotcr., Descouffé .. whose head is disarrayed or vn-
couered. 1725 Pork Odyss. xvu.98 ‘Then dis-array’d, the
shining bath they sought. 1859 ‘Tennyson /dylls, Enid
516 She .. found, Half disarray'd as to her rest, the girl.
+ Disarray'ment. Ods. rare. [f. Disarray
v.+-MENT: after arvayment.] The fact of dis-
arraying or deranging; the condition of being
.disarrayed ; disorder, derangement.
1627-77 Fevtnam Resolves 11. lili, 269 Inward Enemies,
our vices, our weaknesses, and our own disarayments.
+ Disarre'st, v. Ols. [ad. OF. desarrester to
release from arrest (14th c. in Godef.), f. des-, Dis-
4+arrester to ARREST.] fvais. ‘To set free from
arrest; to reverse the arrest of.
1528 Hacker Let. to Wolsey (MS. Cott. Galba B. ix. 54 b,
That sche schowld cawse to dysarest the forsayd Korn.
1643 Pryxne Doom Coward. 9 The King .. wills that he
shall be disarrested, and suffered to goe at large.
Disarticulate (disaitikileit), v. [f. Dis- 6
+ ARTICULATE ¥.]
1. ¢rans. To undo the articulation of, to disjoint ;
to separate joint from joint.
1840 G. V. Extis Axat. 278 Disarticulate, entirely, the
odontoid process. 1854 OwEN Shed. §& Teeth in Orr's Circ.
Sc. Organ. Nat. 1. 175 The entire segment, here disarti-
culated ..is called the ‘occipital vertebra’. 1892 /ad/
Mall G. 27 Sept. 2/1 From time immemorial the plan has
been adopted of filling the bony case with peas and then
causing them to swell with water whenever a skull was
required to be ‘disarticulated’.
2. intr. (for ref.) To become disjointed; to
separate at the joints.
1830 LinpLey Vat. Syst. Bot. 334 In some of these the
joints disarticulate, and appear to be capable of reproduc-
tion. 1835 — /xtrod. Bot. (1868) I. 261 The leaflets .. spon-
taneously disarticulate. 1892 Natural Science Mar. 57
Stems..which ultimately disarticulated and left the surface
marked by scars.
Hence Disarti‘culated //. a.; also Disarti:-
culator, he who or that which disarticulates.
1861 Hume tr. Moguin-Tandon u. vit. xi, 378 The dis-
articulated stems, /é/d. 1. vu. xiii. gor The cucurbitins
are disarticulated zoonites. 1877 Dawson Orig. World
xiv. 302 Disarticulated remnants of human skeletons.
Disarticulation (disasti:kizléi-fan). [n. of
action from prec. : after avticulation.] The action
of disarticulating ; separation at the joint; dis-
jointed condition.
1830 R. Knox Béclard’s Anat. Introd. 23 Béclard in-
vented or improved several modes of .. disarticulation of
the metatarsal bones, 1830 Linptey .Vat. Syst. Bot. 251
In Orchidezw .. a complete disarticulation of the stem and
leaves takes place.
+ Disa‘rtuate, v. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 6+
ArTUATE.] trans. To disjoint.
1660 SHarrock Vegetables 145 If any man please to dis-
artuate the whole [Horse-tail] they will finde the frame
exquisite enough to deserve a better esteem. :
Disasinate, Disasinize v.: see Dis- 6.
+Disasse‘mble, v. Ods.rare—°. [f. Dis-6 +
ASSEMBLE v.] ¢vans. To separate, scatter, disperse.
1611 Corcr., Di bler, to di ble, disioyne, dis-
unite.
+ Disasse‘nt, v. Os. Also 5 dis-, dysasent.
[ad. OF. desassent-tr (13-14th c. in Godef.), f. des-,
Dis- 4 + assentiy ASSENT v.] intr. To refuse as-
sent /o, withhold assent from ; to disagree.
c1400 Destr. ~~ 9369 All the most of po mighty ..
Dyssassent to the dede, demyt hit for noght. 1533 Brt-
LENDEN Livy 1. (1822) 82 Servius nouthir assentit nor yit
disassentit to thair mariage. 1620 W. Scor Afol. Narr.
(1846) 104 He disassented from all the proceedings. a 16,
Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 16, I disassent from the
common received opinion, 1641 Protests Lords 1. 6 We
whose names are underwritten did disassent. 7643 PrynNnE
Sov. Power Parl. w. 18 It is obligatory and legall, though
the King himselfe consent not, or disassent thereto. 1692
Wacstarre Vind. Carol. vi. 60 If he may dis-assent, it is
a sufficient Proof of this Negative Voice.
Hence + Disasse‘nter, one who disassents ;
+ Disasse‘nting v//. sd. and Api. a., dissentient.
1634 St. Trials, Lord Balmerino(R.), The names of the
disassenters. 1635 Person Varieties 1. xi. 45 In this point
[f. Disarray
DISASSENT.
also I finde them variable and disassenting. 1643 PryNne
Sov. Power Parl. u. 66 Such a disassenting Voyce .. is
inconsistent with the very office, duty of the King.
Me nt, sd. Obs. [f. prec., after ASSENT
sb.] Refusal of assent; dissent, disagreement.
1495 Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 36. § 1 Any ent or
disassent by the said Duches .. notwithsta: yng. 1548
Haut Chron., Hen. VII an. 7 (R.) Whether he departed
without the French kynges consent or disassent, he ..
retu: agayn to the y Margaret. @1639 Srorriswoop
Hist. Ch. Scot. w. (1677) 189 Fearing that her disassent
might work some delay. 1643 Prynne Sov. Power Parl.
1. (ed. 2) 34 Notwithstanding his owne personall disassent.
+ Disassertor. Os. rare. [agent-n. from
*disassert, f{. Dis- 6.) One who contradicts an
assertion or asserts the contrary. :
1651 J. Goopwin Red. Redeemed iv. § 38. 69 Imputations
+. which the Dis-assertors of it have charged upon it.
+ Disassiduity. Ods. [f. Dis- 9 + Asst-
puITy.] Want of assiduity ; failure to be assiduous
in attentions, etc. ; slackness.
1613 Wotton in Relig. Wotton. sere) 412 Some argue ..
that disassiduity in a Favorite is a degree of Declination.
@ 1639 — Parall. Essex & Buckingh. ibid. (1651) 25 Know-
ing that upon every little absence or disassiduity, he should
be subject to take cold at his back. a1635 Naunron
Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 46 He came in, and went out, and
through disassiduity, drew the Curtain between himself and
the light of her grace.
+ Disassie’ge, v. Ols.rave—'. [a F. désas-
siéger (15th c. in Godef.) ‘to raise a siege, to deliuer
from a siege’ (Cotgr.), f. des-, DIs- 4 + asstéger :
see ASSIEGE, BESIEGE.] ¢rans. To free from the
state of siege; to raise the siege of.
1630 M. Gopwyn tr. Bp. Hereford’s Ann. Eng. i. 232
John Lord Russell entring the City .. disassieged it
Disassimilation (disasi:milé'fan). [f. Dis- 9
+ ASSIMILATION.) The process which reverses
assimilation ; in Phystol. the transformation of
assimilated substances into less complex and waste
substances; catabolism.
1880 Libr. Univ. Knowl. X.751 Appropriation of new ma-
terial, and the disassimilation, or elimination of old. 1883
Glasg. Weekly Her. 5 May 8/1 Coffee always causes an in-
creased excretion and an augmented disassimilation. 1883
Syd. Soc, Lex., Disassimilation, the downward metabolism
of the body, by which its components form lower planes of
chemical compounds whilst force of one kind or another is
disengaged. 1889 Burpvon SANDERSON Adar. to Brit. Assoc.
in Nature 26 Sept. 525/1 The words. .‘ anabolism’, which. .
means winding up, and ‘catabolism’, running down, are
the creation of Dr. Gaskell. Prof. Hering’s equivalents
for these are ‘assimilation’, which. .means storage of oxygen
and oxidizable material, and ‘ disassimilation’, discharge of
these in the altered form of carbon dioxide and water.
So Disassi‘milate v., to transform by cata-
bolism. In mod. Dicts. (1894).
Disassi‘milative, «. [f. Dis- 10 + Assinm-
LATIVE.] Of or pertaining to disassimilation.
1880 Libr. Univ, Knowl, 1X. 91 Dr. Flint has demon-
strated that cholesterine is a disassimilative product of
nervous function.
+ Disassi‘st, v. Ods. rave. [f. Dis- 6 + As-
sist.] ¢rans. To do the reverse of assisting ; to
hinder, obstruct.
1669 WoopHrEAD St. Teresa 1. 2 My Brothers also were
such, as in nothing dis-assisted me from serving God. /éid.
1, xiv. (1671) 85 ‘The other .. Faculties .. assist the Will; |
although now and then it happen that they disassist it.
Disassociate (disasdfijeit), v. [f Dis- 6 +
Associate, after F. désassocter (16th c. in Littré),
f. des-, Dis- 4+ assocter to associate.] trans. To
free or detach from association; to dissociate,
sever. Const. from (with).
1603 Fiorio Montaigne (1613) Se As if our minde
had not other houres enough to doe hir businesse, without
disassociating hirselfe from the body. ?1650 Dox Bellianis
7o So said the Princesse Aurora, that never would dis-
associate her knights. :
146, I can never disassociate the feeling from their persons.
1859 C. Barker Associative Princ. i. 5 They were at no
time disassociated with useful labour.
Hence Disasso'ciated Afi. a.
1611 in Cotcr. 1881 P. Brooks Candle of Lord 183
Disassociated and apparently contradictory ideas,
Disassociation (disisdsi,2-{on). [n.of action
f. prec. vb. cf. ASSOCIATION, he action of dis-
associating, or the condition of being disassociated ;
dissociation.
1873 B. Srewart Conserv. Energy iv. § 159 At very
hh,
high Pp es it is p that most compounds are
decomposed, and the ure at which this takes place,
for any compound, has n termed its temperature of
disassociation. 890 Cornh. Mag. Sept. 252 A sensible,
mild youth, of whom you think in di ion
from his spectacles. 7
su're, v. Obs. rare—°. [f. Dis- 6 +
trans. ‘To deprive of assurance or
Assur].
security.
161x Corcr., Disassurer, to disassure ; to Mg in feare,
or bring into doubt, one that was well resolued.
Disaster (diza'sta1), sd. Also 7 dys-. [ad.
F. désastre (1564 in Hatz.-Darm.) ‘a disaster, mis-
fortune, calamitie, misadventure, hard chance’; f.
des-, Dis- 4 + astre ‘a starre, a Planet; also destinie,
fate, fortune, hap’ (Cotgr.), ad. L. astrum, Gr.
dorpov star ; after It. désastro ‘ disastre, mischance,
| f. desastre disaster.
| as an adj. in any Romanic lang.] = Disastrous,
1850 L, Hunt Autodiog. vii. (1860) |
: 406
ill lucke’ (Florio). Cf. Pr., Sp., Pg. desastre, also
Pr. benastre good fortune, malastre ill fortune, and
Eng. 2l-starred.] :
+1. An unfavourable aspect of a star or planet ;
‘an obnoxious planet’. Ods. :
1602 Suaxs. Ham. 1, i. 118 Stars with trains of fire and
dews of blood, Disasters in the sun; and the moist star,
Upon whose infl e Neptunes empire stands, Was sick
almost to dooms-day with eclipse. 13635 Lage wd Embl.,
Fieroglyph vii, What dire disaster is change, that
thus she veils her golden head?
2. Anything that befalls of ruinous or distressing
nature; a sudden or great misfortune, mishap, or
misadventure ; acalamity. Usually with a and Zi,
but also without a, as ‘a record of disaster’.
‘ Disaster is etymologically a mishap due to a baleful
stellar aspect’ (Whitney Life Lang. vi. (1875) 99’.
t Horsey 7vav. (Hakluyt Soc.) 253 Tn those soulls
er that ar the occasioners of thy disaster and myne.
1598 Florio, Disastro, disastre, mischance, ill lucke. 1601
Suaks. Adl’s Weld iu. vi. 55 It was a disaster of warre that
Czsar him selfe could not a preuented. 1605 — Lear
1. ii, 131 We make guilty of our disasters the Sun, the
Moone, and Starres, 1 B. Harris Parival’s Iron Age
100 Fate, it seems, would needs involve them in the same
disasters. 1770 Goips. Des. Vill. 200 Well had the boding
tremblers learn’d to trace The day’s disasters in his morn-
ing’s face. 1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 84 Faithlessness
was the chief cause of his disasters, and is the chief stain
on his memory. 1 Mortey Compromise (1886) 27 Such
a system must inevitably bring disaster-
+b. A bodily affliction or disorder. Ods. rare.
1684 F. Rocers Let. in Sir H. Slingshy's Diary (1836) 377;
I am very ill of a disaster upon my stomach, y' I cannot ride.
+ Disa‘ster, a. Ods. . [Either an attrib. use of
the sb., or repr. obs, F. desastr? *Cotgr.) disastrous,
The simple word is not used
1590 GREENE Never too late (1600) 23 No disaster fortune
could driue her to make shipwrack of her fixed affection.
Zid. 28 Saturne conspiring with all balefull signes, calcu-
lated the houre of thy birth full of disaster accidents. 1600
Look about you xxix. in Hazl. Dodsley V1. 481 Let this
be to me a disaster day. 1603 Knoties //ist. Turks (1638)
167 Whom disaster fortune .. hath inforced to wander here
| and there.
+ Disaster, v. Oés. [f. Disaster sd. No
corresp. vb. is found in the Romanic langs., though
French had in 16th c. the ppl. adj. desastré: see
DISASTER a.) ¢rans. To bring disaster or mis-
fortune upon; to strike with calamity; to ruin,
afflict, injure seriously, endamage.
(Todd's sense ‘'To blast by the stroke of an unfavourable
star’, repeated in later Dicts., seems to be unsupported ;
his quotation is of a ffé.a. in sense ‘ ill-starred,’ ‘hapless ’.)
1580 [see DisAsTERED]. 1606 Suaks. Ant. & CZ. 1. vii. 16
The holes where eyes should bee, which pittifully disaster
the cheeks. 1607 Torsett Four. Beasts (1658) 158 Neither
was there ever any more easie way to disaster these monster-
seeming souldiers {elephants in battle] then by casting of
stones. 1689 Move Sea Chyrurg. 1. xiii. 61 The Cable
running out, a Kink therein happened to disaster a Man’s
Leg. 1778 M. Cutter in Life, etc. (1888) 1. 70 The French
fleet was so disastered they could by no means afford us
any assistance. 13784 /bid. 107 ‘This occasioned the thermo-
meter’s being more slightly secured. .and .. it was so disas-
tered as to lose almost all the mercury. 1812 W. ‘TENNANT
Anster F. 1. 1vi, Some werecuff'd and much disaster’d found.
Ilence + Disa’stered, stricken with disaster ; ill-
starred, hapless. Ods.
1580 Sipney Arcadia u. (1613) 163 Ah, chastest bed of
mine .. how canst thou now receiue this desastred change-
ling’ 1598 Barret 7'heor. Warres v.i.170 At his disastred
journey made into veschant 4 1726-46 ‘THomson Winter 279
In his own loose revolving fields, the swain Disastered stands,
+ Disa'sterly, adv. Obs. [f. Disasrer a. +
-LY 2.) In a disastrous or ill-starred manner.
1593 Nasue Christ's 7. (1613) 93 What Gentleman hath
been cast away at Sea, or disasterly souldiouriz’d it by
Land. 1598 Drayron Heroic. Ep. (1 48) 131 Nor let the
envy of invenom'd tongues. .Thy sobke breast disasterly
possess. 1654 Vitvain Zit. Ess. tv. 46 Who died disasterly
in New Forest.
Disastrous (diza'stros), a. Also 6-7 des-,
7 dysastrous, disasterous. [a. F. désastreux,
-euse (16th c, in Hatz.-Darm.), f. désastre: cf. It.
disastroso ‘vnfortunate, ynluckie’ (Florio 1598).
See Disaster sd, and -ous.]
+1. Stricken with or subject to disasters ;_ ill-
starred, ill-fated ; unfortunate, unlucky, Ods.
1586 B. Younc tr. Guaszso's Civ. Conv, 1v. 184 If she aford
mee but one sparkle of hope and favour, she doth it to no
other ende, but to ¢ mee more desastrous. 1602 Mar-
ston Ant, § Met. Induct. Wks. 1856 I. 2 He prov’d alwaies
desastrous in love. 1x Adv. Don Sebastian in Hari.
Misc, (Malh.) 11, 368 The unfortunate accidents this disas-
terous king hath sustained. ¢1750 Suenstone Poems,
Economy iit. 43 Ah disastrous = t! In evil hour and
rashly dost thou trust ‘The fraudful couch! 1790 Beatson
~ Nav. § Mil. Mem. 1, 225 The various calamities that befel
this disastrous fleet. | :
2. loreboding disaster, of evil omen, unpropitious,
ill-boding. arch.
1603 Hottann Piutarch's Mor. 1292 Reputing the third
of these intercalar daies to be desasterous and di .
1648 Gace West. Jnd. xii. (1655) 47 At whose birth could
not but be some dysastrous aspect of the Planets. 1667
Mitton P. LZ. 1. $97 As when the Sun .. from behind the
Moon In dim Eclips disastrous twilight sheds On half the
Nations. 1849 Mancan Poems (1859) 42 By the bell’s
disastrous tongue.
| tike the foure last Bookes of Moses
uv.
_DISAVAIL.
3. Of the nature of a disaster ; fraught or attended
with disaster ; calamitous.
1603 R. Ji Kingd. & C. 1630) 573 A faction
no lesse disasterous to barge eh a Set Rratinctnys
Turkie. 1608 D. T. Zss. Pol. § Mor. 76b, The very first.
ee ini: eT id 1684 Con-
templ. State Man 1. ii. (1699) 1 human greatness. .must
sad vd potade ine dete and unh Lusi
1769 Rozertson Chas. V, V. wu.
to France. 1794 Suttivan View Nat. 1. 225 The Samyal
wind. .so disastrous in its effects. 1874 Green Short Hist.
v. § 1. 217 We have followed the at on Scotland to its
disastrous close. 1875 LyeLt Princ. Geol. 11. ii. xlvii. 549
Heavy rains followed by disastrous fl
Hence Disa‘strousness. rare.
1727 Bawey vol. 11, Disastrousness, unluckiness, unfor-
tunateness.
Disa‘ , adv. [f. prec.+-Ly2.] Ina
disastrous manner ; sneuoner ruinously.
1603 Drayton Bar. Wars v.(R.), Whilst things were thus
disast hier decreed. ba Butter //ud. 11. i. 62 To
answer, with his Vessel, all That might disastrously befall.
1794 Suttivan View Nat. V. 187 almost universal
darkness, which licenti desolation .. di ly intro-
duced into the world, 1869 Freeman Norm. oe (1876)
III. xii. 180 The great invasion of Normandy, whi ied
so disastrously for the French.
Disattach (disate't{), v. [f. Dis-6 + Arracuz.]
trans. To undo what is attached ; = DerTacuH 1.
1851 Cot. Wiseman Actions N. T. Ess. 1853 I. 586 To
disattach importance from all that relates to her.
Disatta’chment. [Dis- 9] = Deracu-
MENT 4b.
1860 'T. T. Carter Jit. our Lard (1861) 19 Chastening
our being into disattachment and heavenly-mindedness.
Disattaint (disatznt), v. [Dis-6.] ‘vans.
To free from attainder: see ATTAINT z. 6.
1865 CarLyLe Fredk. Gt. 1X. xx. vii. 149 Earl Marischal
.-has been .. pardoned, disattainted, permitted to inherit.
+ Disattention. Ods. [f. Dis- 9 + ATTEN-
Events more di
| TI0N.] Active inattention ; neglect.
1624 Br. Mounracu Gagg i. 3 Slownesse of heart : that is
. disattention unto those things. 1693 W. Frexe Sed. Ess.
xxv. 147 Carelessness and Disattention..are the Daughters
of Folly. 1757 Herald x. Pg Disattention to duty.
+ Disattire, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 6+ ArrirE v.]
trans. To divest of attire ; disrobe.
@1598 SPENSER cited by WessTer (1864). 1611 Cortcr.
Descoeffer. .to remy emmy vohood, vncouer, the head.
1677 Hotyoke Dict., Disattire, divestio.
Disattune (disatiz-n), v. [f. Dis- 6 + Arrune.]
trans. ‘To put out of tune of harmony.
1853 Lytton A/y Novel x1. xvi. (D.), Thus ever bringin;
before the mind of the h&rassed debtor images at war wit
love and with the try of life, he disattuned it, so to
| speak, for the reception of Nora’s letters.
+Disaugme'nt, v. Obs. [Dis- 6.] ¢rans.
To reverse the augmentation of ; to diminish.
1631 rer. Desaugmenter, to disaugment, wane, di-
minish. 16; varLes mb. vy. xiii, That everlasting trea-
sure which hope deprives not, fortune disaugments not.
+Disauthentic, «. Ols. [Dis- 10 + Av-
THENTIC.] he reverse of authentic; not au-
thoritative (see AUTHENTIC 1).
1G. Frercner 2 usse Commew.(Hakl, Soc.) 126 Certeine
r
| bookes..of Moses ..which they say are al made disauthen-
tique, and put out of use by the comming of Christ. 1619
Purcuas Microcosmus |xix. 691 They.. account disauthen-
Disauthenticate, v. [Dis-6.] ‘rans. To
prove or prmeae non-authentic.
1 A. W. Benn in Academy 1 June 457/2 Among pas:
sages disauthenticated, or at least pronounced doubtful.
+ Disau‘thorize, v. Oés. [f. Dis- 6 + Av-
THORIZE.] trans. To strip of authority ; to make
or treat as of no authority.
1548 Gest Pr. Masse go Then is y’ once sacrifice of Christ
utterly to be abandoned and disauthorized. 1563 Man
Musculus' Commonpl. 153, Thei judged it best to dis-
authorise them [the scriptures of the Old Testament). 1615
Waveworrn in ll Lett. (1624) 8 As if their new censure
were ee 7, —- res = — —
tences. ° cf. Liberty agst. Tyrants 142 The general
prea p. Sa even dis-authorize and depose a King.
Disavai'l, v. ? Ods. [f. Dis- 6+ Avan v.]}
+1. intr. To be the reverse of advantageous ; to
be prejudicial or harmful. Ods, Kz ’
1 Lypc. Chron. Troy v. xxxvi, They .. toke nought
that might joey Unto that lande but it were vitayle.
1549 Cuatoner Evrasm. on Folly 1 ie The same not
di disavaileth to the. .pl e of the lyfe.
2. trans. To disadvantage, injure, harm.
1471 Marc. Paston in P. Lett, No. 681 111. tan hym
helpe me now, or elles it shall ic hym better than
the trebyll the money, ax KELTON Col. Cloute 1106
Hyndering and d vaylyng oly Churche, our Mother.
1530 PAusGr. 517/r, I disavayle one, I hynder his avaun-
tage. .he hath disavayled me more than an hu
1754 RicHarpson G ‘ison 1781) Il. iv. 52 *I am an
Englishman, gentlemen’, said 1. .judging..that plea would
not disavail me. .
+ Disava‘il, sd. Obs. [f. prec. vb., after AVAIL
sb.] Disadvantage, harm, loss.
¢ Lypc. Bochas 1. xix. (1558) 33a Hig Pa of fro-
warde doublenes, Which euer wrought to his le. 1603
mee
. Davies Aficrocosmos Wks. (1876) 11 If c
tad glorie be the King’s, And their disgrace rife his
tevadle ‘
Disavaunce, Disaventure, obs. forms of
DISADVANCE, DISADVENTURE. '
ne ol)
MOET GY. ene
wees
DISAVOUCH,
+ Disavou'ch, v. 04s. [f. Dis- 6 + Avouc
v. In med.L. disadvocare.| = Disavow.
1597 Dantet Civ. Wars ww. xxvi, They flatly disavouch
To yeld him more obedience. 1637 R. Humenrey tr, S?.
Ambrose Pref., Numa Pompilius ceremonies were dis-
avouched by Quintus Petilius. 1679 Kip in G. Hickes
Spir. Popery 7 Disowning and dissavouching that which
sometime we judged our honour to testifie for and avouch.
Tisavow (disavau'), v. Also 4 des-, 5 dys-.
[a. F. désavouer (13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), f. des-,
Dis- 4+ avouer Avow v1 In med.L. dsavoudre,
disadvocare.|
1. trans. To refuse to avow, own, or acknow-
ledge; to disclaim knowledge of, responsibility for,
or approbation of; to disown, repudiate.
1393 Lanai. P. PZ. C. 1v. 322 Bobe kyng and kayser and
pe coroned pope May desauowe pat pey dude. c 1489
Caxton Sonnes of Aymon v. 134 Our fader hath dysavowed
vs for the love of hym. 1596 eneee F. Q. vi. v. 37 Weary
..Of warres delight..The name of knighthood he did dis-
avow. 1659 B. Harris Parival’s [ron Age 285 One of his
Masters drew profit from it, and the he disavowed it.
1748 Cuesterr. Le?t, (1792) II. clxxii. 137 Comte Pertingue
..far from disavowing, confirms all that Mr. Harte has said.
1787 T. Jerrerson Writ. (1859) I. 212 The Emperor dis-
avowed the concessions which had been made by his gover-
nors. 1855 Macautay ///st. ce 8 III. 327 Melfort never
disavowed these papers. 1874 Green Short Hist. vi. § 6.
28 The plan was simply that the King should disavow the
Papal jurisdiction.
+2. To refuse to admit or acknowledge as true
or valid; to deny. Ods.
1611 Corcr., Vier, to denie, disaduow; say nay, gainsay.
1629 GauLe Pract. The. 86 One disauowes him begotten of
God; another, borne of Mary. 1634 Forp P. Warbeck w.
ii, Yet can they never .. disavow my blood Plantagenet’s.
1660 F. Brooxe tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 387 Complaining I
had sold ker a broken stone, which I disavowed.
+3. To refuse to accept or entertain ; to decline.
1629 CHAPMAN Yuvenal v. 167 An oil, for whose strength
Romans disavow To bathe with Boccharis. 1640 FULLER
Joseph's Coat iii. (1867) 135 They .. disavow to have any
further dealing with worldly contentments, 1660 F. Brooke
tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 364 The Mexicans disavow all peace
with their neighbouring enemies..that they may be stored
with prisoners of war for sacrifice,
Hence Disavow'ed /// a., Disavow ing v/. sh.
and ffl. a.; also Disavow'able a., liable to be
disavowed ; Disavow‘edly (-édli) adv., in a dis-
avowed manner; Disavow’er, one that disavows
(Ash 1775).
1611 Cotar., Niement, a denying, disaduowing, or gain-
saying. 1651-3 Jer, Taytor Serm. for Year 1. iv. 43 No
publick or imaginative disavowings .. can be sufficient.
1698 R. FerGuson View Eccles. 7 As that great and learned
man Mr. Baxter. .disavowedly, and with an openess natural
to him, doth express himself. 1889 Sa¢. Rev. 28 Sept. 345/2
The disavowable, but not yet disavowed, agents of Russia.
Disavowal (disavaual). -[f. Disavow z. after
Avowat.] The action of disavowing or refusing
to acknowledge; repudiation, denial.
1748 Ricnarpson Clarissa (J.), An earnest disavowal of
fear, often proceeds from fear. 1828 D’Israri Chas. /, I. v.
114 The disavowal of the acts of a minister threw everything
back. 1868 E. Epwarvs Raleigh I. ii. 30 An official dis-
avowal followed in due course,
+ Disavow‘ance. 0s. rare. [f. Disavowz.,
after: AVOWANCE and OF, desavouance (14th c. in
Godef.).] = Disavowat.
a1716 Sout Servm. VI. i. (R.) The very corner-stone of
the English Reformation was laid in an utter denial and
disavowance of this point [the papal supremacy].
+ Disavow’'er !. Ods. rare. [f. Disavow v. +
-ER suffix : corresp. to F. desavouer, infinitive used
subst.] Disavowing, disavowal.
1648 Fatrrax, etc. Remonstrance 33 This .. we can take
to intend no lesse then a plaine dissavouer of this Treaty,
Disavow’'er *: see after Disavow v.
+Disavow'ment. Olds. rare. [f. Disavow 2.
+-MENT: perh. repr. OF. desavouement (14th c. in
Godef.)] = Disavowat.
1637 Wotton Let. to Regius a in Relig. Wotton.
(1672) Fiva, His Holiness .. will not press you to any
i vowment thereof.
patie © Obs. [f. Disavow v., after
Avowry and OF. desavouertie, desavowry (in
a). The action of disavowing; disavowal.
1588 J. H[{arvey] Discoursive Probl. 65 Concerning the
generall disauory, and discredit of such speciall matters.
a@164r Br. Mounracu Acts §& Mon. (1642) 498 He dis-
claymeth it utterly in that disavowry ; My Kingdome is not
of this world. 1650 B. Discolliminium g Christ .. thought
such a Disavowry .. a sufficient salvo for his act.
Disbalance (disb‘lins), v. [f. Dis- 6 +
Bauance v.] ¢rans. To disturb the balance or
equilibrium of, to put out of balance. Hence Dis-
balanced, Disba lancing #//. adjs., Disba‘lanc>-
ment, disturbance of equiljbrium. ‘
1853 Lyncu Se//Jmprov. v. 111 Some are shy .. there i&
a decomposing, disbalancing force in them, 1866 ALGER
Solit, Nat. § Man ww. 252 To..enlarge existing dishalance-
ments, and intensify the discords already experienced, 1885
Sat. Rev. 7 Feb. 170/2 The disbalanced mind of this par-
woman.
+Disba'lass, v. ds. [f. Dis- 6 + dalass,
16th c. form of BALLAst d.] trans. To free from
ballast or burden ; to disburden.
3576 shot gl “neat prose gn £3633) 170 Man.. having
fe of his provocative
|
|
|
|
|
407
superfluous Sperme to fetch his breath the better. 1592
G. Harvey New Letter 14 But now you must lend me
patience untill I have disbalased my mind.
Disband (disbe'nd), v. f[ad. 16th c. F. des-
bander, mod.¥. débander ; in military sense after
It. sbandare (cf. Sp., Pg. désbandar), f. It. banda,
I. bande, BAND 56.3,
In the sense ‘to unbind, loosen, let loose, unbend a bow’,
etc. desbander (also desbender) goes back to 12th c. in
OF. : cf. DisBenp,]
I. ¢rans. 1. To break up (a band or company) ;
to dissolve and dismiss from service (a military or
other force).
1sgt_Garrarp Art Warre 156 And afterwards disband
them in such a place. 1649 Br, Guturie AZewe. (1702) 45
The Marquiss of Huntley .. disbanded his Forces. 1701
DE For 7rve-born Eng. 1.148 No Parliament his Army
cou'd disband. 1771 Funius Lett. \xii. 322 You talk of dis-
banding the army with wonderful ease and indifference.
1868 Pall Mall G. 23 July 5 The 1st East York Artillery
Volunteers..has been disbanded on account of insubordi-
nate conduct. 1878 Bosw. Smit Carthage 72 When Aga-
thocles died, his mercenary troops were disbanded.
+b. To dismiss, discharge, or expel from a
band or company, Oés.
1626 J. Yates /dis ad Caesarem ii. 6 You haue fathered
vpon mee that bastard, which your selfe disbands. 1666
Lp. Orrery State Letters (1743) 1. 54 To take notice of my
securing and disbanding Langley. 1667 Fraven Sart
Indeed (1754) 124 Thou art disbanded by death, and called
off the field. 1699 Dampier Joy, IL. 1. 71 After 30 years
service a Soldier may petition to be disbanded.
@ ref. (=4:
1603 Knoties //ist, Turks (J.), They disbanded them-
selves, and returned every man to his own dwelling. 1614
Syivester Bethulia’s Rescue v. 20 Each, as him listeth,
dares him now dis-band. 1651 tr. //ést. Don Fentse 275
Leon disbanded himselfe upon the instant. 1659 B. Harris
Parival’s Iron Age 77 marg., His Army disbands it self.
1855 Macauay /ist, /ng. IIL. 252 They paid .. so much
respect to William’s authority as to disband themselves
when his proclamation was published.
+2. To let loose, turn off or out, dismiss from
union or association, send away. Ods.
1604 Eart Stirtinc A vvora iv. (R.), What savage bull
disbanded from his stall, Of wrath a signe more inhumane
could make? 1625 Br. Mountacu 4/f. Cvsaru. ii. 114
M. Mountagu .. hath disbanded them from their shelter.
1643 Mitton Divorce vii. (1851) 37 And therfore by all the
united force of the Decalogue she [the wife] ought to be
disbanded, unlesse we must set marriage above God and
charity. 1715 tr. Pancirollus’ Rerum Mem. 1,1. x. go They
disband all Trouble and Anxiety from the pensive Mind,
1790 J. B. Morvon West India [slands 108 Her husband
.. took the.. little ones into his own protection, and dis-
banded their vile mother.
+3. To break up the constitution of, dissolve,
disintegrate. Ods.
1695 Woopwarp Nat. Hist, Earth ui. ii. (723) 176 That
a Quantity of Water sufficient to make such a Deluge was
created .. and, when the Business was done, all disbanded
again and annihilated. 1793 W. Ronerts Looker-on Ixvi.
(1794) III. 31 The very Beneuts of civilization have been
destroyed in a moment, and society itself disbanded,
IL. zntr. (for ref.)
4. To break up as a body of soldiers, to cease
to be a band or company ; to break rank, fall into
disorder, disperse; to leave military service.
1598 BaRRET Theor. Warres u. i. 28 Shewing them.. how
to disband, and how to fal into troupes. _@ 1608 Sir F, Vere
Comm. 8,1 commanded our men not to disband, but pursue
them. 1611 Speep ///st. Gt. Brit. vi. xiv. § 12. 92 The rest
disbanded, turned their backes, and fled toward the desert.
1724 De For Mem. Cavalier 1840) 200 They began to dis-
band, and run every way. 1835 Atison Hist, Europe
(1849-50) III. xiii. § 30. 26 The troops .. openly threatened
to disband. 1855 Macautay //ist. Zug. II. 268 Feversham
had ordered all the royal army to disband.
+5. To break up into its constituent parts, dis-
solve; to separate, retire from association. Obs.
1633 G. Herpert Temple, Assurance vi, When both rocks
and all things shall disband. 1649 Jer. Taytor Gt. E-renp.
1. viii. 81 He makes a confident resolution .. though the
purpose disbands upon the next temptation. 1697 CoLLieR
Ess. Mor. Subj. jase 117 They [Men of Honour] should
throw up their Fortune; and Disband from Society.
Hence Disbanded //. a., turned loose out of
their ranks; disordered; scattered or disperscd ;
dismissed ; Disbanding vd/. sb. and ffi. a.
161r Cotcr., Desbanfade, a disbanding ; a cassing of
whole troups, or companies of souldiours. — Desbandé,
disbanded. 1625 MarkHam Souddier’s Accid. 15 The Ser-
eants are .. to leade loose and disbanded fyles of Shot in
Siirmish. 1641 Nicholas Papers (Camden) 18 Letters ..
touchinge the disbandinge of the Scottishe Armie. 1
Secr. Serv. Money Chas. II §& Yas. II (Camden) 36 To..
2,159 13° ot .. paid .. for the disbanding tax for the county
of Leicest®, 1689 Lutrrett Brief Red. (1857) I. 547. The
house of commons had the late disbanded judges before
them. 1712 Arsutunot Yohn Buil i. iii, A poor disbanded
officer. a18gq9 Macautay ‘ist. Eng. xxiv. V. 170 He ad-
mitted it to be necessary for him to give his assent to the
disbanding bill. 1874 REEN Short Hist. viii. § 6. 524
The disbanded soldiers of the army..spread over the
country.
Disbandment (disbendmént).. [f. prec.
+-MENtT: cf. F. débandement (1701 in Hatz.-
Darm.)] The action or fact of disbanding or
dispersing ; dismissal from corporate existence.
1720 Lond. Gaz. No. 5875/2 Full Pay allowed .. for doing
Duty after Disbandment. 1768-74 Tucker L?. Nat. (1852)
II. 182 The very recent disbandment of that body-guard of
popery the Jesuits. 1837 Cartyte 7. Rev, II. um. iii, (1848)
DISBEAUTIFY.
2 The august Assembly .. dare nowise resolve, with Mira-
eau, on an instantaneous disbandment and extinction. 1864
pee Tel. 3 Sept., The disbandment of the Basingstoke
»Rifles.
+ Disba‘ndon, v. Ods. rare. [By-form of
DisBanp v. after BANDON.] = DISBAND.
1640-1 Airkcudbr. War-Comm. Min, Bk. (1855) 48 Thair
sogers are disbandoning for want of manteanment, 1641
Eart Monmoutn tr. Biondi’s Civitl Warres 1. 74 The King
writ unto him to disbandon his forces.
+ Disba'nk, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 7. ¢+ Bank
sb.1] entr. (for ref.) To pass over its banks or
borders ; to overflow, to debord.
1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 218 The River Zuama,
which disbanks as Nile do’s.
+ Disbar, v.! Oés. [f. Dis-1 4 Barv.: cf. OF.
desbarrer, mod.F. débarrer to unbar: sce DEBAR.]
trans. To exclude, shut out, prevent, stop; =
DEBAR v.
1565 GotpinG Ovid's Wet. x. (1593) 255 Then Neptunes
impe her swiftnesse to disbarre, ‘Trolld downe a tone-side of
the way one apple of the three. 1571 — Cadzix on P's, To
Rdr. 10 Too the intent all vaunting myght bee disbarred
the further of. 1598 Barrit Theor Warres w. iv. 114 To
disbarre all odds and inconueniences.
Disbar (disbas), 7.2 [f. Dis- 7 + Bar 5d.!]
1. ¢rans. ‘Yo expel from the bar; to deprive of the
status and privileges of a barrister.
1633 R. Verney in I erney Papers (1853) 157 He is to be
degraded in the universitie, disbarred at the innes of court.
1828 Adin. Rev. XLVIL. 495 In his Utopia such practisers
..would be disbarred. | 1848 Wuarton Law Lex, Dis-
barring, expelling a barrister from the bar, a power vested
in the Lenchers of the four inns of court, subject to an appeal
to fifteen Juds 1871 Daily News 15 Apr. 2 In the event
fa barrister being disbarred..the Judges may revise and
srse the decrees of the benchers.
+2. ‘To deprive of bars or that which bars. Qds,
1636 N. Watrincton in Av, Dubrensia (1877) 33 When
all forts are disbarr’d Of Battlements, of Gunnes, and Bul-
warkes marr'd.
Tisba‘rbarize, v. vare. [f. Dis- 6 + Bar
BARIZE.] a. ¢vans. To free from barbarism ;
DEBARBARIZE. Db. 7r¢. (for reff. To cease to be
barbarous; to lay aside barbarism.
1803 W. ‘T'aytor in sxx, Nev. 1 362 A new progf that
benevolence alone disbarbarizes the savage. 1808 /dz:/. 111.
s22 The slave-coast began from that period to disbar-
barize.
+ Disbark (disba-1k),v.! Ols. Also 6-7 -barke,
7-8 -barque. fad. F. desbarguer (1564 in Hatz.-
Darm.), mod.F. dbarguer, f. des-, DIs- 4+ barque
Bark 50.2: cf. It. sharcare.] =DEBARK v.!, Dis-
EMBARK. @. (7 ais,
1ss2 ct 5-6 Edw. V/, c. 14 § 12 If he..there do disbark,
unlade and sell the same. 1632 Lirncow 7%av. v. 187 That
in the night, they should have entred the Haven, disbarke
their men, and scale the walles. 1709 Royal Proclam. 20 Oct.
in Lond. Gaz. No. 4605/1 [To] be..carried..to the Port ..
and there to disbarque and sell the same. 1725 Port Odyss.
x1, 22 We.. Disbark the sheep, an offering to the gods.
b. zntr. (for ref.)
1585 IT. Wasuincton tr. NVicholay’s Voy. 1. vii. 37 b, From
Constantinople into Italy, where I disbarked to go to Rome.
1692 Hacker Collect. Orig. Voy. (1699) 1V. 16 Being now
got to Leghorn..I there disbarqued. 1842 Manninc U7)
of Church \. iv. 107 We read that he ‘disbarking from the
ship with great joy, hastened to see St. Polycarp’.
Hence Disba‘rking wv0/. sé,
1598 Fiortio, Séarcamento, an vnshipping, a disbarking,
alanding. 1625 J. GLANvILL | oy. to Cadiz 33 [To] finde a
landing place fitted for our disbarkeing.
Disba‘rk, v.2 Also 6-7 -barke, 7 -barque.
[f. Dis- 7a + Bark 5d.1: cf, DeBarK v.2] trans.
To divest of the bark, strip the bark off (a tree),
decorticate ; = DEBARK v.*
1578 Forto 1s¢ /ruites 86 The forreyne knyfe doothe dis-
barke it. 1657 Austen Fruit Trees 1. 102 If we disbarke
a bough or branch where sap is up. 1797-1803 Foster in
Life & Corr. (1846) I. 176 Oaks cut down, disbarked and
embrowned by time. 1812 Sforting Mag. XXXIX. 192
Disbarking those whose tops they [rabbits] cannot reach.
b. To strip off (bark).
1659 Gate Lang. Uni. x. § 109 marg., The hard rinde
(outward bark which may be dinbarked) ie without.
Hence Disba‘rked f/. a., divested of bark; Dis-
barking v/. sb., decortication.
1601 Hottanp Pliny I. 541 Neither doth the tree Adrachne
find any hurt or offence by disbarking. 1657 Austen Fruit
Trees 1. 137 This bough may be cut off below the disbarked
place. 1725 Braptey Fame. Dict. s.v. Tree, The pricking
and disbarking of the Roots.
Disbarment (disba-imént). [f. DisBar v.2 +
-MENT ] The action of disbarring a barrister.
1862 Sat. Rev. XIII. 639/2 Appealing .. against the
Benchers’ sentence of disbarment. 1874 Daily News 5 Dec.,
As he means to appeal against their order of disbenchment,
he should include in that appeal their order for disbarment.
+ Disba‘se, v. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 5 + Base
v.l; cf.ABASE, DEBASE.] ‘vans. =DEBASE,
a1so2z Greene Alphonsus Dram. Wks. II. 56 First I will
die in the thickest of the foe Before I will disbase mine
honour so. 1601 B. Jonson Poetas/er u. i, Before I disbased
[v.r. disbast] myself, from my hood and my farthingal to
these bum-rowls and your whale-bone bodice.
Disbeaw tify, v. rare. [Dis- 6.] ¢vans. To
undo the beautifying of, deprive of beauty.
1577 Stanyuurst Descr. Ired. in. Holinshed V1. 5 The
women have an harsh and brode kind of pronuntiation ..
which dooth disbeautifie their English above measure,
DISBECOME.
+ Disbeco'me, v. 0ds. [f. Dis- 6+ Brcome 2.
III.] ¢rans. To misbecome; to be unbefitting for
or unworthy of. Hence Disbeco-ming opt. a., wn--
becoming, unbefitting.
1632 Massincer & Fietp Fatal Dowry v. ii, [Lest] your
com, --Move you to anything that may disbecome
The place on which you sit. @ 1639 7639 W. Wuatecy Prototypes
11. xxix. (1640) 163 No calling. .can so much disbecome a man,
or reproach and abase him .. then this of having no calling.
Ibid. 11. xxxiv. (1640) 174 This forgetfulnesse .. is a most
disbecomming vice.
Disbelief (disb/I7f). [f. Dis- 9 + Betrer.]
The action or an act of disbelieving ; mental rejec-
tion of a statement or assertion; positive un-
belief.
-_ Wixiss Nat. Relig. 1. iii. (R.), Those who will pre-
tend such kind of grounds for their disbelief of any thing.
TILLoTsoN iat Our belief or disbelief of a thing does
not alter = nature of thething. 1696 Wuiston 7h. Larth
1, (1722) 277, I have, Lthink, just reasons for my Disbelief.
172) Rance Rom. Forest vii, Your Good sense,
Adeline, I think, will teach you the merit of disbelief.
1865, Lecky Rationalism 1. i. 12 A disbelief in ghosts and
witches was one of the most prominent oe of
scepticism in the seventeenth century, CarPENTER
Ment. Phys. 1. xx. (1879) 699 [They] P will rift away into
either vague unbelief or absolute disbelief.
Disbelieve (disb/l7v), v. [f. Dis- 6 + Br-
LIEVE ¥.]
1. trans. Not to believe or credit; to refuse
credence to: a. a statement or (alleged) fact: To
reject the truth or reality of. (With simple obj. or
obj. clause.)
1644 [see Dispetievinc below]. 1678 Cupwortn Jntell.
Syst, 18 (R.) There have been doubtless in all ages such as
have disbelieved the existence of any thing but what was
sensible. 1714 Spect. No. 527 #2 People will be as slow
and unwilling in disbelieving scandal, as they are quick and
forward in believing it. 1795 SouTHEY Foan of Arc\. 77
That misgiving which precedes belief In what was disbe-
lieved and scoff’d at late For folly. 1864 J. H. Newman
Apologia 162 Did Henry VIII... disbelieve Purgatory?
1874 Carpenter Ment. Phys. 1. ix. § 2 (1879) 395 It does not
rest with any man to determine what he shall believe or
what he shall disbelieve. 1878 Browninc La Saisiaz 68
He disbelieves In the heart of him that edict which for
truth his head receives,
b. a person in making a statement.
Bentiey Pha?/. 273 Plutarch disbelieved Phanias.
Hatvam in Edin. Rev. XLIV. 2 There would be no
historical certainty remaining, if it were possible to disbelieve
such a contemporary witness as Sir Thomas More. P
2. absol. or tntr.
1755 Younc Centaur i. Wks. 1757 IV. 106 Eve doubted,
and then eat..most of Eve’s daughters first taste, and then
disbelieve.
not possible to hear and disbelieve. 1818-60 WHATELY
Commonpl. Bk. (1864) 48 It is very evident that the opposite
to credulity is scepticism, and that to disbelieve is to
believe.
3. intr. with 72: Not to believe in;
faith in: cf. BELIEVE 1, 3.
1834 W. Ind. Sketch-bk. 1. 172 He disbelieves in the
glowing changes of colour in the dying dolphin. 1856
Mrs. BrowninG Aur. Leigh v. 739, L disbelieve in Christian
pagans, much As you in women-fishes. 1869 FREEMAN
Norm. Cong. (1876) II. xii. 222, 1 do not altogether dis-
believe in the story.
Hence Disbelie-ving 7//. sb. and ff/. a.; Dis-
belie'vingly adv., in a disbelieving manner; with
disbelief.
1644 Hammonp Pract. Catech. (J.), The disbelieving of an
eternal truth of God's. 1 3 Chicago Advance 22 June,
Hester shook her head disbe tevingly, but Daisy rattled on.
Disbelie-ver. [f. prec. + -En1.] One who
disbelieves or refuses belief ; an unbeliever.
1648 w. Mountacur Devout Ess, 1, viii. § 2 (R.) The in-
er and d s of the facility of this medium.
a 1748 Watts (J.), An humble soul is frighted into senti-
ments, because a man of great name pronounces heresy
n the contrary sentiments, and casts the disbeliever out
the church. 1799 Sourney Lett. (1856) 1. 64, I am not
a-disbellever 3 in these things, but that story is not among
the credible ones. 1818 WueweLt in Todhunter’s Acct.
(1876) 11. 26 He attacks disbelievers, but has very little to
say to mere unbelievers.
Disbench (disbe'nf),v. [f.Dis- 7c + Bencu sé.]
+1. trans. To remove or displace from a bench
or seat; to unseat. Ods.
1607 Snaxs. Cor. u1. ii. 75 Sir, I hope my words dis-bench’d
you not?
2. To deprive of the status of a bencher ; to strike
off the name of (a person) from the roll of the
senior members of the Inns of Court.
1874 Observer 2 Aug., After a long deliberation they de-
cided to disbench Dr. Kenealy..It was further intimated
that if the publication oft the nglishman was continued...
the might have to consider the
to have no
poe sy of disbarring him,
Hence Disbe‘nchment, the fact or process of
disbenching (sense 2),
1874 [see DisparMENT].
+ Disbend, v. O¢s. [f. Dis- 6+ Benn v.: cf.
_OF. desbender, var. of desbander in same sense.]
trans. To unbend (e.g. a bow), relax, let loose.
1607 Kart Stiruinc Ful. Cesar i, ii. Chor. As libertie
a — doth me po: So bondage doth ‘disbend, els els breake
the heart. Gow Trav. x. 488, 1 Organize the
Truth, you Allegate the Sense, Disbending cominous de-
fects, in your absurd pretence,
1795 SoutHey Foan of Arc ui. 188, I feel it is-
408
+Disbind, v. Ols. rare. [D1s- 6.] trans.
To unbind, to loose.
& 1638 Mupe Disc. Matt. vi. 9 (1672) 1. 12 How dare we
dis-bind or loose our selves rh he tye of that way of
izing and honouring God?
“Disbi . 2. nonce-rwd, [f.Dis- 7b.) trans.
ie deprive of episcopal office or dignit
A 58 mn Swwowt Sem (842) 43 He ry ee dealt withal
bishopped.
+ Disblarme, v. Obs. [a. OF. desblasmer,
-blamer, f£. des- (Dis- 4) + blasmer to BLAME.]
trans. To free from blame, acquit, exculpate.
pene Disbla‘ming v#/. sb., exculpation.
4 CHAUCER Tvoylus U1. Prol. 17, 1..pray yow mekely,
Disk jameth me yf ony word be lame, For as myn auctor
seyde so sey I. 1631 Cedestina v1. 75 Thou hadst come to
disblame ae excuse thy doings. 1638 Baker tr. Ba/zac’s
Lett. 1. (1654) 79 But to disblame both of us, I beseech you
hereafter to have more care of my modesty. 1656 Finett
For. Ambass. 240 (T.) His humble "request but of one
quarter of an hour's e for his d
Disblock, v. rare. [f. Lis- 7¢+ BuooKk sb.
4¢, d.J trans. To remove (something) from the
tiock (or head) on which it is placed.
1665 J. Witson Projectors 1. Dram. Wks. (1874) 224 Do
you not observe, sir, how hard he wrings his brows, to the
manifest hazard of disblocking his periwig ?
bloom, v. [f. Dis- 7 a+ Buoom sd.] ¢rans.
i deprive of bloom, Hence Disbloo-med ///. a.
Stevenson Old Mortality in Longm. Mi V. 76
re rary flavour of the gardener hung about them [t e grave-
diggers], but sophisticated and disbloomed.
+ Disboa'rd, v. Ods. rare. Also 7 disbord.
[a. OF. desborder (mod.F. déborder) (in various
senses), f. des- (D18- 1) + bord, BoarD.]
1. zntr. = DISEMBARK.
1615 CHAPMAN Odyss. xiv. 486 They streightly bound me,
and did all disbord To shore to supper, in contentious rout.
2. To pass outside or over the border or edge.
Cf. DEBORD v. 2.
1725 Braptey Kam. Dict.s.v. Shoeing, If the Foot be very
narrow let the Shoe disboard without the Hoof.
(disbg'di), v. [f. Dis- 7 + Bopy sé.]
trans. =DisrMBopy. Hence Disbo'died Ppl. a,
disembodied.
1646 J. Hatt Poems 38 Come, Julia, come ! let’s once dis-
body what Strait matter ties to this and not to that. 1662
Gianvitt Lux Orient. 143 (T.) They conceive that the dis-
bodied souls shall return..and be joined again to bodies of
purified and duly Lele grote air, 1734 Watts Relig. Fuv.
(1789) 9 Ten thousand tongues Of hymning se: s and
disbodied saints. 1870 LowEti Cathedr al Poet. Wks. (1879)
448 We cannot make each meal a sacrament, Nor with our
tailors be disbodied souls.
+ Disbo'gue, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6+stem
of Em-bocvE, perh. after Sp. desbocar = desembocar
to disembogue, f. des- = Dis. 1 + boca mouth: the
corresp. Fr. is déboucher: see Denouck.] intr, =
DISEMBOGUE.
1600 Haktuyt Voy. (1810) III. 302 The current of the
Bay of Mexico, disbogging betweene the Cape of Florida
and Havana. 1628 5 Thucyd.. (1822) 25 Near unto
it disbogueth into the sea the lake Acherusia.
Disbosca‘tion. [ad. med. L. dishoscatiin-em
(Du Cange), f. Dis- 4+ med.L. doscus, boscum
wood.] The clearing away of woods; the con-
version of wooded land into arable or pasture.
1726 Dict. Rust.(ed. 3), Disho{s\cation, a turning of Wood-
ground into Arable or Pasture. Hence 1727 in Brapiry
Fam, Dict.; 1764 in Baitey (folio, ed. Scott); 1775 in Asx;
and in mod, Dicts.
Disbosom (disbu:zam), v. [D1s-
To disburden one’s bosom of; to un
confess. Hence Disbo’soming v?/. sd.
1844 BrowninG Colombe's Birthday 1. Poems 1887 II. 185
This prompt disbosoming of love. 1868 — King & Bk. um.
“Dis ome went Violante an dis' all.
bound, v.1 Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 1 +
Riba v.!] trans. To separate by boundaries.
c.] trans.
m; to
A
DISBURDEN.
‘d earth me yori I naoche asian
thereof. at is
ply eg ad Poems, Burden of Nineveh ii, "T
fll, ‘tess mitred Minoeaur’ A dead Siehomeled sxpeleope
Disbrain (disbré'n), v. [£ Dis- 7a + Brain
sb.] trans. To deprive of the brain; to dash out
the brains of; to remove the brain from. Hence
Disbrained ///. a.
1631 Celestina xx. 5 What cruelty were it in me, he
dying disbrained, that I should live ined all the daies of
my life? at Nature XXX. 260 cere] were
d and di Is manifested
much reflex
Dis beat, v. [f. Dis- 7a +
Brancw sd.: cf. OF. desbrancher, -chir (in
Godef.), f. des- (Dis- 4) + brancher, f. branche
BRANCH 5b,
1. trans, To cut or break off the branches of ; to
deprive or strip of branches.
1575 Art of Planting 15 If the trees be great .. ye must
disbranch them afore ye set them . 1600 SURFLET
Countrie ame 111. ed 17 It is best to disbranch and
prune trees when the ginneth to rise vp into them.
1719 Lonpon & Wisk Compl. Gard. 1x. i. 279 Peas that are
disbranched, bear a_more plentiful Crop than others.
G. G. A. Murray Gobi or Shamo xiv. 228 The fury of the
explosion had uprooted and disbranched the .. trees.
2. To cut or break off, as a branch ; to sever.
1605 Suaks. Lear w. ii. 34 She that herself will sliver and
disbranch From her material sap, perforce must wither And
come to deadly use. 1611 Srrep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. viii.
§ 28(R.) That dukedome . . disbranched from France since
“ year eight hundred ei hty-fiu was againe rent away.
Lams Let. Wks. (1840) 14, conjecture it is ‘dis-
Sonica” from one of your embryo hymns. 1865 Swin-
BURNE Afalanta 126 All this flower life Disbranched
and desecrated miserably.
+3. intr. To branch off, spring out of. rare.
1622 PEACHAM | Com, 2. Gent. ‘6a corn out of which
familie disb hed that fi: Tr Thomas
Cavendish.
Hence Disbra‘nched ///. a., sheapaaens
vbl, sb.
1616 Surri. & Marxn. Country Farme 401 This disbranch-
ing must be done in the decrease of the Moone. 1843
Zoologist 1. 305 An old disbranched fir. :
+Disbro‘ther, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [D1s- 7 b.]
trans. To undo the brotherhood of ;. to make no
longer brothers.
1622 Masse tr. Aleman's Guzman d’Alf.1. (s609) 5 oa
thing did difference them, but their Religion, whe rook the
never argued, that they might not dis-brother aia’
+Disbu'ckle, v. Obs. rare. [D1s- 6.] trans.
To undo the buckling of, to unbuckle, draw apart.
' oe a —— ae Armes disbukling seuerall wayes
vi
Disbad (dist (disberd), “4 [f. Dis- 7a + Bup sd.]
trans. To remove the buds of; to deprive of
(superfluous) buds.
1727 Braviry Fam, Dict. s.v. Disbudding, a.
Apricocks, etc. are. .disbudded, that the r
may be the better preserv'd. 1861 Decamer 7. oe 167
Disbud dog-rose stocks, leaving only those buds to shoot,
on which you intend to insert your bud. 1882 Garden 14 Jan.
28/2 To prevent our Cherries and Plums from being entirely
disbudded we are obliged to use a considerable amount of
powder and shot every year.
Hence Disbu'dding v//. sb.; Disbu‘dder, one
who disbuds,
1725 Braptey Fam. Dict. s. v. Peach, The disbudding or
pas am . consists in taking away the useless Branches,
such as are found to be irregularl; eceuaned.
Eart or Happincton Sout eeny isbuddings
prunings as I have advised, ‘oop Fa mee jends
& Foes 47 The bullfinch . . acting the part of a pruner and
disbudder,
-burthen (disbd-1d’n, -bd-10’n),
v. [f. Dis- 7 +Burpen, BurTHEN sé.)
1. trans. To remove a burden from (the bearer) ;
to relieve of a on, “it. and . Highnes
- ta Hen.VIL or
1531-2 ~ 23 J ‘LHe. 20.83 The Kynges Highnes.
x62r Ainswortn Avnot. Pentat. Lev. xxi. 24S
in Greeke disparted (or disbounded) you from all ‘the na-
tions.
Disbou'nd, v.2 [f. Drs- 7c + Bounn sb.) intr.
To extend beyond its bounds. (Cf. DisBanK,
DIsBOARD 2.)
E. Jones Poems, Sens. §& Event 39 The company
mali hes space yx Bases +4 2
jbourgeon, obs. form of gpg + ree
Disbowel (disbau‘él), v. dysbowalyn.
[f. Dis- 7a + Bowen sd, pad ‘0 take out the
wels of, eviscerate; = DIsEMBOWEL. /it¢. and fig.
cago Promp. Parv. 122 Dysbowalyn, Teg od exentero.
1591 SPENSER a Soba Rome one A ea « halfe dis-
bowel'd lies aboue t se Wnsox, etc, tr.
Petronius A — 75 The argu that had oo to dis-
bowel the = 171x Lurreett Brief Rel. oi 74
His gg fad disbowelled, and put into ‘pick
© take out (bowels or viscera).
x R. W. Vancred & Gismunda vy. i. in Hazl. Dodsley
4b. us was Earl Palurin Strangled unto the death, yea,
Mad th His heart and blood disbowell’d from his breast.
etl Disbowelled ffi. a., asia shaenerod
Ss
Promp. P Saga 122 Dysbowal
4 A most Lap hag ye ma and Bxcellent
1680 ond, bans dig he I
way of Preservin, _—_ Putrefaction ..
out Disb 2 ng ling or Cutting any
and Wtellerabl of FLEMING Panopl.
Epist. is Tam duburthened and ee of many cares and
troubles. 1681 Drypen Sf, Friar ty. i,
hened her this to you. 7
Rollin's Anc, Hist, (1827) 1, m1. 155 To ease and dis
the hive of its su habitants. 1863 Gro. Rut
dich
refi.
hav selfe of 70 persons .
a4 pF idl they & Fisner Frni. 19 Gulls ne not the
cava a oop tad a
ENS j=
Burdened Nietself of his great surprise, Speer dno sat
“o" trans. To get rid of (a burden) ; to discharge,
unload,
1586 Sipney (J. Legs oh m: ae I’ve ph
Inte ty life's bondage hfe “A i
pend Davies tr. Olearius’ oe
disburthen in the Ve all the
ngers to
pen through it. “nthe Clay athe acai
burded all thy cares on me 1801 Soutney Thalaé » aie
A desert Pelican. . Her load of water had disburthen ar
ed. fe) excuse
ae oe Jose a
b. ref. To discharge or empty itself ; to fall as
i piso I. 3 Africa This small river .
ead a sists ae om hes
DISBURDENED.
ry Suamnrow Puvenal 231 The port of Hostia, where
‘Tiber disburdens it self into the T'yrrhene sea. 1761 Hume
Hist, Eng. 1. iii. 65 A new generation of men .. who could
no longer disburden themselves on Normandy,
3. zntr. (for ref.) ‘To unload, to discharge its
load.
1667 Mitton P. L. Vv. 379 Where Nature multiplies Her
fertil growth, and by disburd’ning grows More fruitful.
cx S. Rocers /taly, St. Mark's Place 217 The prison-
boat, that boat with many oars .. Disburdening in the Canal
Orfano, That drowning-place.
Disburdened, -bu'rthened, ///. a. [f.
prec.+-ED1!,] Freed from burden.
1598 FLorio, Scarico, free, quit, discharged, disburthened.
1615 J. SrePHENS Saty, Ess. 133 Verses proceed from a dis-
burthend braine. 1772 Fretcuer Logica Genev. 11 The
disburdened clouds begin to break. 1832 G. Downes Le/?.
Cont. Countries 1. 506 Two or three disburthened vehicles.
1856 Bryant Poems, Ages xxv, With glad embrace The
fair disburdened lands welcome a nobler race.
Disbu'rdening, -bu'rthening, 2//.s/. [f.
as prec. + -ING 1.
1. A freeing from burden ; discharge ; unloading.
58x in W. H, Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 415 Towardes
the disburdening of the ffee farme. 1644 Mitton Areof.
(Arb.) 61 This is not. .the disburdning of a particular fancie.
rRYPE Ann, Ref. I. ii. 55 For the disburthening of |
their consciences.
+2. That which is discharged; a discharge. Ods.
1686 ZLthiopian Adv. Heliodorus 7 (Jod.) A valley, that
receives the inundations and disburdenings of Nilus.
Disbu'rdening, ///.a. [f. as prec. +-1NG 2.]
That disburdens.
1836 THIRLWALL Greece II. xi. 34 Solon .. met the reason-
able expectations... by his disburdening ordinance.
Disbu'rdenment, -bu'rthenment. [f.
DISBURDEN v. + -MENT.] The act or process of
disburdening ; the fact of being disburdened.
1818 Bentuam Ch.-Eng. Pref. 35 Whether any such dis-
burthenment shall be attempted. 1859 Gro. Exior A. Bede
xi, He had never yet confessed his secret to Adam, but
now he felt a delicious sense of disburthenment.
+ Disbwrgeon, v. Ols. rare. Also 7 -gen.
f. Dis- 7a + BurGEon sd.] ¢rans. =Dssup.
ence Disbu‘rgeoning wvé/. sd.
1601 Hottann Pliny I. 533 For disburgening of vines,
and clensing them of their superfluous leaues. /di2. 538
Not .. to disburgen or deffoile altogether such trees.
Disbursable (disbd-isab’l), a. [f. Dispurse
v.+-ABLE.] Capable of being disbursed.
1885 G. Merepitu Diana I. xiv. 291 Anecdotes also are
portable ., they can be carried home, they are disbursable
at other tables.
+Disbursage. Ods. rare. [f. as prec. +-acr.]
The act of disbursing ; disbursement ; expenditure.
jaz Srrype Eccl. Mem, 11. xxix. 490 An account..of the
payment, and disbursage and discharge of the same.
Disbursatory (disbd-1satari), a. [f. L. type
*disbursare: see next, and -ory.] Characterized
by or given to disbursing.
1863 Mrs, C. Crarxe Shaks. Char. vi. 161 Fenton, the
least capable of the three suitors to be disbursatory.
Disburse (disba1s\, v. Also 6 -bourse,
-bource, -bursse. [orig. désbourse, a. OF. des-
bourser (13the. in Hatz.-Darm.), mod. F. débourser,
in same senses, f. des-, D1s- 4 + dourse purse. Af-
terwards assimilated to L. dussa, as if repr. a L.
*disbursdre. Cf. DEBURSE, D1sPuRSE.]
1, trans. To pay out or expend (money); to pay
or defray (costs, expenses).
1 Patscr. 517/2, I have disboursed for hym above a
hundred pounde. x90 SHAks. Com. Err. iv. i. 38 Take
the Chaine, and bid my wife Disburse the summe, on the
a hp 1591 Horsey 7yav. (Hakluyt Soc.) 220,
I disburst to him and them 300 dollers. 1647 N. Bacon
Disc. Govt. 11. vii. (1739) 42 Importation does bring in more
—_ than Exportation disburseth. x7or De For 77we-
Eng. Introd. 33 Who Fifty Millions Sterling have
disburs’d, 1776 Trial of Nundocomar 16/2 Whatever con-
eget expenses you may find it necessary to disburse in
Calcutta. @1859 Macautay Hist. Eng. V.251 They had
disbursed money largely, and had disbursed it with the
certainty that they should never be re-imbursed unless the
outlay proved beneficial to the public.
+b. To defray (a charge). Ods.
1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. IV, 31 To disbource and pay al
the costes and charges. 1 LAT Ferwell-ho. ut. 30 Dis-
bursing the charge both of the Beere, and the ingredients.
16rx Corvat Crudities 377 Rupertus Duke of Alemanny
disbursed the greatest charge thereof.
¢e. To pay for or on account of (anything). rare.
1860 Merc. Marine Mag. VII. 73 Commission on cash
advanced to disburse the ship, 5 per cent.
d. absol. To make disbursement.
— J. Sreruens Satyr. Ess, 12 Each alike constraines
The hunger-bitten Client to disburse. 1636 Davenant IV/i¢s
ly, ii, Sir .. you must disburse, For gold is a restorative.
oe He has disbursed liberally in support of the cause.
1593
rsed be To those that liue and thinke no shame of me.
x62 QuarLes Argalus § P. (1678) 52 In a whispering
ge, he disburs’d His various thoughts. 1642 FULLER
Holy § Prof, St. u, xix. [b] 126 He had rather disburse his
at the present, x Grew Anat. Plants 1. i. § 40.
(1682) 8 The said Sap being disbursed back into all the
seminal Root.
Hence Disbursed Z//. a.; Disbursing v0/. si,
and £/l/. a.
1564 Gotpinc Yustine 35 (R.) He demanded to haue the
Vor, II,
ig. and ¢ransf, To spend, give out or away.
HAKS. Lycr, 1203 And all my Fame that liues dis-
409
disbursing of the mony himselfe. 1611 Cotcr., Desdoursé,
disbursed, laid out of a purse. 1615 G. Sanpys Trav. 1. 61
His incomes are great, his disbursings little, 1858 Merc.
Marine Mag. V. 173 These are deposited .. in charge of
the .. disbursing agent.
+Disbu'rse, 5d. Ols. [f. prec. vb.: cf. OF. des-
dours (16th c. in Littré).] =DisBuRsEMENT. 70
be in disburse, to be out of pocket.
1608 Macuin Dumb Kuight v. ii, Come, there is Some
odd disburse, some bribe, some gratulance Which make
you lock up leisure. 1682 ScarLtetr Exchanges 186 Lest
on the one hand he be in disburse, on the other, in cash
for his Principal. 1716 S. Sewart Diary 8 Feb. (1882) IIL.
73 [He] offers to be fis Quota towards this Disburse. 1742
De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. 1. 288 ‘Vhe annual Rent .. would
abundantly pay the Publick for the first Disburses. 1782
Evpuinston tr. Martial u. |xiii. 117 Of wealth in love
luxuriant the disburse !
Disbursement (disba1smént). [f. Dispurse
v. + -MENT: cf. F. desboursement (16th c. in Hatz.-
Darm.), now dé-.]
1. The action or fact of disbursing.
1596 Spenser State /red. Wks. (Globe) 651/1 The Queenes
treasure in soe greate occasions of disbursementes .. is not
allwayes soe. .plentifull, as it can spare soe greate a s
togither. 1665 Hooke AZicrogr. Pref. Gb, His ch
Disbursment for the replanting of Ireland. 1756-7 A’eysler’s
Trav. (1760) 1. 245 Upon any. extraordinary disbursement,
the cause of the difference in the account must be carefully
entered. 1849 Grote Greece i. Ixii, (1862) V. 421 And that
deficit was never so complete as to stop the disbursement
of the Diobely, | : F
2. That which has been disbursed ; money paid
out; expenditure.
1607 I estry Bhs. (Surtees) 148 This is the whole disburse-
ment for this yeare 1607, 1818 Jas. Mit Arit. India II.
iv. ix. 294 The surplus of receipts above disbursements.
1847 Grote Greece 11. xxviii. (1862) IIL. 52 ‘The visitors,
whose disbursements went to enrich the inhabitants of
Kirrha. :
Disburser (disbd'so1). [f. Dispurse v. +
-ER|!.] One who disburses. Also fig.
16rr Sreep //ist, Gt. Brit, 1x. xxiv. 297 The sparing of
money by the grand disbursers. 1660 W. Secker Nousuch
Prof. 409 Faith is the great receiver, and love is the great
disburser. 1746 Gen. Assembly Rec. (1838) 86 Mr. Dal-
rymple was appointed receiver and disburser of said money,
1881 77es 2 May 11/3 ‘The military disbursers knew they
had drawn more than the audit testified to.
Disburthen : see DispurDEN.
Disbury (disbe'ri), 7. rave. [f. Dis-6 + Bury
v.] ¢rans. Yo release from a buried condition ;
to disentomb, disinter. Hence Disburied /7/. a.
1835 Lytton Xeni m1. ili, Disburied secrets. 1862 — St.
Story IL. 238 The quartz was shattered by the stroke, and
left disburied its glittering treasure.
Bisbutton (disby't’n), v. rare. [f. Dis- 6 or
7a + Burron sé. or v.] trans. a. To deprive of
buttons. b. To undo the buttons of, to unbutton.
1883 G. H. Boucuton in Harfer’s Mag. Apr. 700/2 His
eldest son.. was disrobed and disbuttoned. 1887 Twix
Soul I. vii. 58 As the Spartan boys kept their foxes under
their waistcoats, defying the world to disbutton them.
Dis-Byronize: see Dis- 6.
Disc, a current variant spelling of Disk.
+ Disca‘binet, v. Os. rare. [f. Dis- 7 +
CaBInNet.] ¢vans. To divulge or disclose, as the
secrets of a cabinet.
1658 Mitton (¢/t/e), The Cabinet-Council, containing the
chief Arts of Empire, and Mysteries of State, discabineted
in Political and Polemical Aphorisms, grounded on Au-
thority and Experience..By the ever renown'd Knight Sir
Walter Raleigh.
Discage (diskéi-dz), v. [f. Dis- 7¢ + Cace
sb.] trans. To release or let out as from a cage ;
to uncage,
1649 G. Dantet Trinarch., Hen. V, ccxxvii, Trampling
the Mud of mixed Brains discag’d From double fence. 1872
Tennyson Gareth §& Lynette 19 Until she let me fly dis-
caged to sweep In ever-highering eagle-circles up ‘To the
great Sun of Glory. i
Discal (di'skal), a. [f. L. désc-2s Disk +-Au.]
Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of, a disk;
discoid.
1848 R. Hitt in Gosse Nat. in Yamaica (1851) 345 The
exceedingly discal character of the extremity. 1883 in Syd.
Soc. Lex,
Discalceate (diskze'lsijeit), 44/7. a. and sb. [ad.
L. discalceat-us unshod, barefooted : see next.]
A. ppl. a. Unshod, barefooted ; sfec. applied to
certain orders of friars and nuns.
1658 J. Bursury Hist. Christine, Q. Swedland 103 The..
present of 25 great bottles of wine, which the Queen caus’d
to be given to the Carmelite Giecelcest Nuns. @ 1667 Jer.
Taytor Reverence due to Altar (1848) 51 Justin Martyr ..
saith that the Gentiles when they came to worship were
commanded .. to be discalceate. 1715 M. Davies Athen.
Brit, 1. Pref. 37 Unless..some of the discalceat Mer-
cenary hay fey behind, 186x Neate Notes on Dalma-
tia, etc. 180 Originally written by a Discalceate Carmelite.
B. sd. A barefooted friar or nun.
1669 WoopHEAD S¢, Teresa u. xvii. 118 Ten Covents of
Discalceates. 1706 tr. Dupin's Eccl. Hist, 16th C. IU. tw. xi.
449 From the Carmelites came the Congregation of those
whom they call Discalceates. -
+ Disca‘lceate, v. Obs. rare—°. [f. discalceat-
ppl. stem of L. déscalcedre to pull off the shoes, f.
Dis- 4 + calcedre to shoe, calceus a nat
_ 1623 Cockeram, Discalceate, to put off ones Shoes. 1656
in BLount Glossogr.
DISCANONIZE.
Disca‘lceated, 7//. a.
= DISCALORATE /f/. a.
1639 W. Scrater Worthy Comniun. Rew. 15 In those
hotter climates [they] went discalceated, and without shoes.
1655 Futter Ch. //est. vi. vii. 364 The discalceated Nunnes
of the Order of S. Clare. 1762 tr. Busching’s Syst. Geog.
V. 145 The Lutheran churches and convents here are the
church of the discalceated. 1856 R. A. VauGuan Mystics
(1860) II. 120 But thirteen ‘fervent virgins’ shall dwell there,
discalceated (that*is, sandalled, not shod).
+ Discalcea‘tion. Ods. [n. of action from
L. discalcedre: see DISCALCEATE v.] The action
of taking off the shoes, esp. in token of reverence.
@ 1638 Mreve Reverence God’s Ho. Wks. (1672) uu. 347 An
allusion. .to that Rite of Discalceation used by the Jews and
other Nations of the Orient at their coming into Sacred
places. 1669 Gate Crt. Gentiles 1. 1. ix. 138 The Pytha-
gorean mode of discalceation, or putting off the shoes, at
entrance into the ‘Temple.
Discalced (diske'lst), Af/. a.
vb. *déscalce, repr. L. déscalced-re + -ED.
DISCHAUCE.] = DISCALCEATE ff/. a.
1631 WEEVER dnc. Fun. Alon. 139 They are called Carmes
discalced, or bare footed Friers. 1700 Rycaut Hist. Turks
III. 264 ‘The King .. walked in Procession .. to the Church
of the Franciscans discalced. 1867 LApy Herpert Cradle L.
ix. 233 Carmel is thd head-quarters of the Discalced Carme-
lites. 1885 Catholic Dict. 265 Vhe Carmelite reform both
of men and women, instituted by St. ‘Teresa, is also dis-
calced. ‘The discalced Augustinians (Hermits) were founded
by Father ‘Thomas of Jesus, a Portuguese.
+Discarle, v. Obs. [f. dé-=Dis- 7a+ SCALE
sb.] trans. ‘Yo deprive of the shell or scales.
1655 Movurnr & Benner //ealth’s Jprov.(1746) 271 Each
of them [crevisses and shrimps] must be discaled, and clean
picked with much pidling. 166r Lovent Afist. Anim. &
Alin. 192 ‘Vo be sodden in milk till they be tender, being
first discaled, and the long gut pulled out,
+ Disca‘lendar, 7. 0s. Also 7 diskal-.
[f. Dis- 7¢ + CALenpar sd.] drains. To erase or
remove from the calendar.
1593 Nasur Christ's 7. (1613) 40 The feast of Tabernacles,
the feast of sweet Bread, and the feast of Weekes, shall quite
bee discalendred. 1667 Warernouse Fire Lond. 84 Which
Sept. ..let it be Discalendred, and not be numbered amongst
the ‘Twelve.
Discale:nohe'dron. (7ys¢. [f. Di-2+Sca-
LENOHEDRON.] (See quot.)
1878 Gurney Crystallogr. 63 A double twelve-sided pyra-
mid, the faces of which are symmetrically arranged with
respect to each of the seven planes of the hexagonal type of
symmetry. .is called the discalenohedron.
+ Discamera‘tion. Ols.7ave-'. [n. of action
from L, type *déscamerare, f. Dis- 6+ L. camera
chamber.] = DIsINCAMERATION.
1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals u. 1. 200 Clement the ninth
was never to be perswaded to the discameration of Castro.
+ Discamp (diske'mp), v. J/7. Obs. [ad. It.
scampare, with substitution of the full form of the
prefix dés- for s-; cf. Decamp.]
1. entry. To raise or break up a camp; to
depart from a place of encampment; to decamp.
Also fig.
1579 Fenton Gudcciard. (1618) 213 After which accident..
they discamped secretly in the night to go to yuerey, w652
Urqunart Jewel Wks. (1834) 211 Fidelity, fortitude, and
vigilancie, must needs discamp, if Mammona give the word.
@ 1693 — Radelais 1. xxxvii. 311 He was about discamping.
2. ¢rans. a. To remove or abandon (a camp).
b. To force (any one) from a camp, force to aban-
don a camp.
1574 HeLtowes Gueuara’s Fam. Ep. (1577) 272, 1 com-
mand you to leaue your armour, to discamp your camp.
1606 HoLtanp Sxetox, 25 No enemie put he ever to flight,
but he discamped him and draue him out of the field. 1658
J. Cores tr. Cleopatra vii. 140 He discamped his Army, and
marched to meet Ariamenes.
Hence Disca’mping v0/. sd.
1579 Fenton Guicciard. 11. (1599) 84 The King departed
with his army before day, without sound of trumpets, to
couer his discamping as much as he could. 61x Corcr.,
Descampement, a discamping.
+ Discandy, v. Obs. rare. (Also 7 erron.
discander.) [f. Dis-6+ Canby v.] ztr. To melt
or dissolve out of a candied or solid condition.
1606 SHaks. Ant. § Cl, ul. xiii. 165 By the discandering
of this pelletted storme. 7d. 1v. xii. 22 The hearts .. to
whom I gaue Their wishes, do dis-Candie, melt their sweets
On blossoming Czesar.
+Disca‘non, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 7e +
Canon sb.] ¢vans. To exclude from the canon.
1608 2nd Pt. Def. Reasons Refusal Subscription 218 He
acknowledgeth arguments more forcible. .to discanon those
bookes. F
Disca‘nonize, v. [f. D1s- 6+Canonize.]
+1. trans. To exclude from the canon. Ods.
1605 SutcuirFE Briefe Exam. xviii. 87 We discanonize no
book of canonicall scriptures. 1638 CuiLtinew. Kelig. Prot.
1. ii. § 38. 67, Divers books must be discanoniz’d. 1660
Fisuer Rustick’s Alarm Wks. (679) 289 Dis-Canonizing
all others save such as are in your Bibles, called Canonical.
2. To undo the canonization of.
1797 W. Taytor in Monthly Rev. XXIV. 521 They are
discanonizing the heroes of religion, and raising altars to
the apostles of philosophy,
Hence Discanoniza‘tion.
181r SHELLEY in Dowden Zi (1887) I. 151 The dis-
canonisation of this saint of theirs is impossible.
ant, variant of DEscANT,
52*
[fas prec. + -ED1.]
[as if from a
Ct.
DISCAPACITATE.
Discapacitate (diskipz'site't), v. rare. [f.
Dis- 6 + Capacirate.] ‘rans. To deprive 2
ca to incapacitate.
Ag 4 "Crorron Fastening Peter's Fetters 38 Circum-
stances attending themsel pnd Cocogpeicating inate ite
the Act. mB Biog. Mem. Liston Misc. Wks. (1871)
ig An — infirmity absolutely discapacitated him
or tragedy.
+ Discapita‘tion. Os. rare,. [n. of action
from Rom, descapitare, OF . descapiter, for L, dé-
capitare: see Dr- I. 6.] =Decariration.
1787 W. Marsuat Norfolk 11. 332 Whether it be a uni-
versal faculty belonging to flies .. to live in a state of dis-
capitation,
Discard (diska'sd), v. [f. Dis- 7c + Carp sé, ;
cf. OF. descarter (see DECARD); Sp., Pg. descartar
(Minsheu 1599), It. scartare (for *discartare) ‘to
discard at cards’ (Florio 1598).] ¢rans.
1. Cards. To throw out or reject (a card) from
the hand. Also adso/.
In whist, etc., applied to the action of playing a card from
one of the two remaining suits when not able to follow the
lead and not trumping.
3591 FLorio 2nd /ruites 69 Let vs agree of our game..goe
to, discarde. 1680 Corton Gamester in Singer //ist. Cards
265 By discarding the eights, nines, and tens, there will re-
main thirteen cards. 1744 Hoye Piguet 49 After he has
discarded he cannot alter his discard. 1816 Sincer // ist.
Cards 238 The player. .discards three inferior cards. 1862
Cavenpisu Whist (1879) 93 You weaken a suit by discarding
from it. 1870 Harpy & Ware Mod. Hoyle, Whist 8.
2. To cast off, cast aside, reject, abandon, give
up.
1598 FLorio, Dare nelle scartate .. to fall among ill com-
panie, as a man would say among such asare discarded from
others. 1603 Hottann Plutarch’s Mor, 1206, | was very
much angry and offended that I was so discarded and left
out. 1662 J. Davies tr. Olearius' Voy. Ambass. 81 Senti-
ments of shame and honesty .. are quite discarded by the
Muscovites. 1727 Swirt Let, on Eng. Tongue Wks. 1755
II. 1. 191 Many gross improprieties, which however au-
thorised by practice .. ought to be discarded. 1764 Rep
Inquiry ii. § 6. 109 They discarded all secondary qualities
of ies. 1802 Mar. Evcewortn Moral 7. (1816) I. x. 87
He had displeased his friends, and had been discarded in
disgrace. 1856 Sir B. Bropie Psychol. ng. 1. i. 25 We have
«discarded our faith in astrology and witches. 1878 HuxLEY
Physiogr. 200 It is generally so warm that the miners are
glad to discard most of their clothing.
+ b. To cast or force away ( from another). rare.
1596 Spenser F. Q. v. v. 8 He that helpe [i.e. her shield]
from her against her will discarded.
te. To divest, rid, or free (any one) of; also
refl. Obs. rare.
1656 S. Hottanp Zara (1719) 73 The more peaceful Souls
[are] discarded of their Anxieties. 1732 Gentleman In-
structed (ed. 10) 293 (D.), I only discard myself of those
things that are noxious. /d/d. 492 (D.) The old man's avarice
discarded him of all the sentiments of a parent. :
3. To dismiss from employment, service, or
office ; to cashier, discharge.
@ 1586 Sipney (J.); These men... were discarded by that un-
worthy prince, as not worthy the holding. 1688 Lurrrety
Brief Rel.(1857) 1. 472 A soldier haveing spoken base words
«. was whipt, and the next day.. dis-carded. 1712 Swirt
Frnl. to Stella 9 Jan., My man..is a sad dog; and the
minute I come to Ireland I will discard him. 1858 BuckLe
Civiliz. (1873) IL. viii. 573 Having discarded the able ad-
visers of his father, he conlered the highest posts upon men
as narrow and incompetent as himself. : :
+b. With double object: To dismiss or banish
(a person) from (a place). Oéds.
1650 W. BrouGu Sacr. Princ. (1659) 66 Lest I be disgraced
and discarded Thy Palace and (ees for ever. 1670
Watton Lives 1. 48 A Person of Nobility. .was at this very
time discarded the Court, and justly committed to prison.
Discard, sé. [f. prec. vb.]
1. Cards. a, The act of discarding or rejecting a
card from the hand. b. The card so rejected.
1744 [see Discarp v.1.] 1778 C. Jones /oyle's Games
Impr., Piguet 119 In order to capot the Elder-hand, you are
to make a deep Discard, such as the Queen, Ten, and Eight
of a Suit. 1876 A. Camppect-WaLker Correct Card Gloss.,
Discard, the card you Pe’, when B cannot follow suit,
and do not trump it, 1878 H. 1pBs Ombre 22 Havin
placed his discard on the pool dish, he takes from the Stoc!
a number equal to his discard. 1885 Proctor Whist viii. 92
Your original discard indicates your shortest suit if trump
strength is not declared against you,
2. That which is discarded, an offcast. rare.
1892 Stevenson Across the Plains 297 In the brothel the
discard of society.
Discarded (diska-udéd), gs/. a. [f, Discarp
v.+-ED 1.)
1. Cards, Thrown out from the hand,
@ 1631 Donne Serm. xxxviii, 377 We have seen in our age
Kings discarded and ..the discarded Cards taken in again
and winthe Game. 1816 Sincer //ist, Cards 239 The dealer
for whom the discarded cards count.
2. Cast off, rejected; dismissed from employ-
ment, discharged. j
1595 SHaks. Yohn vy. iv. 12 Welcome home againe dis-
ied faith, 1718 Freethinker No. 76 P 2 A discarded
Servant has it in his power to dishonour his Master or Mis-
tress, Macautay //ist, Eng. 11. 13 The wisdom and
virtue of the discarded statesman. Jowrtr Plato
I. 69 We have again fallen into the old discarded error,
Discarder (diska-1do1), [f as prec, + -ER1.]
One who discards or re
1880 Burton 0. Anne II. x. 158 That eccentric discarder
of conventionalities,
= 7 yo -
410
+Discardinate, v. Ols. [f. Dis- 6+ L.
cardin-em hinge + -aTE3: cf. L. cardinat-us
hinged.] ¢vans. To unhinge.
1652 Bentowes 7heofh. v. xviii, Canst Motion fix? count
Sands ?. . Discardi the Sphears?
weit i hpmcmy ), v2. sb. [f. Discarp
v. +-ING 1] e action of the verb Discarp.
1. Cards. The rejection or throwing out of a card
from the hand. Also a¢tr7d.
1593 PerLe Chron. Edw. J (1829) I. 129 Since the King hath
put us among the discarding cards, and as it were turned us
with deuces and treys out of the deck. 1594Carew Huarte’s
Exam. Wits viii. (1596) 112 To know..the skill of discard-
ing, 1778 C. Jones Hoyle’s Games Impr., Piguet 119 By
which Manner of discarding, you have a Probability of
scoring fifteen Points for your Quint in Diamonds.
2. Rejection, abandonment; dismissal from em-
ployment, discharge. In quot. 1840 concr. That
which is discarded.
1660 T. M, //is¢. rl poy 1v. 55 A hot-spur zealot ..
whose ambition made old Nol lay him aside as dangerous,
and that dishonourable discarding created him a desperate
Enemy to the Cromwelian..name. 1663 J. Spencer Prodi-
Sd (1665) 306 The discarding of that rash Principle. 1840
ROWNING Sorde¥lo vi. 444 Then subject ..to thy cruce
the world’s discardings.
isca ent. vare. [f. DiscarD v. + -MENT.]
The action of discarding ; rejection, abandonment.
1844 NV. Brit. Rev. 1. 395 Their discardment by the Hinds
as religious authorities.
+ Disca‘rdure. Obs. rare.
-URE.] =prec.
1780 Hayter Hume's Dial. 11. 38 In what shape does it
constitute a plea for the entire discardure of religion ?
Discare: see Dis- 9.
Discarg, -carge, obs. var. DISCHARGE.
+ Disca‘rnate, a. Obs. rare. [ad.late L. i
*discarnat-us for L. dé-carnat-us : see De- I. 6),
f. Dis- 4 + carn-em flesh, carnat-us fleshy ; cf. It.
(dt) scarnato, Sp. descarnado, OF. descarné, mod.F.
décharné.| Stripped of flesh,
1661 Gianvitt Van. Dogm. 143 A memory, like a sepul-
chre, furnished with a load of broken and discarnate
bones.
So + Disca‘rnated 7//. a., deprived of ‘ flesh’ or
bodily form, disembodied; the reverse of zncar-
nated. Obs.
1728 Earsery tr. Burnet's St. Dead 1. 66 Jesus went thro’
[f. Discarp v, +
| all, for he went to the Region of Humane Souls, and being
discarnated, he was a living rational Soul, like to a humane
one.
+ Disca‘rve, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 1 + Carve. ]
To dissect.
154t R. Coptanp Guydon's Quest. Chirurg. Procede in
dyscaruynge almoste vnto yleon where as the gut begynneth
that hyght Collon. FS
Discase (diské's), v. arch. [f. Dis-7a+Case
sb.] trans. ‘To remove the case or covering of; to
uncase, unsheathe, undress, Also intr. (=reft.)
Hence Disca‘sed f//. a.
1596 Bett Surv. Poperyt. ut. ii. 97 Fell upon his discased
sword. 1610 SHAKs. 7emf. v. i. 85 Fetch me the Hat, and
Rapier in my Cell, [ will discase me, and my selfe ent
As I was sometime Millaine. 1825 Lame Reflect. Pillory,
Discase not, I pray you. 1882 B. Nicnotson in New
Shaks. Soc. Trans. (1880-2) 343 Having discased himself of
his doublet and vest.
+ Disca‘sk, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 7c + Cask.]
trans. To take out of the cask,
1615 G. Sanpys 7rav. 239 No Tunny is suffered to be sold
at Venice, vnlesse first discaskt, and searcht to the bottome.
caste (diska'st), v. nonce-wd. [f. Dis- 7 ¢
+ CastE.] trans. To cause to lose caste.
1881 Sat, Rev. No. 1323. 318 With the deliberate and
formal purpose of discasting idolators,
astle: see Dis- 7c.
+ Disca'tter,v. Olds. Also 4 deskater, 5 des-
eater, 8 dis-scatter. [In ME. de-scater, f. F.de-,
des- (DE- 6, Dis- 1) +Scarrer; the prefix being
subsequently conformed to L. dis-, dz-.] trans, To
scatter abroad, disperse. Hence Discattered f// a.
¢1325 Poem Times Edw, 11, 31 ; in Pol. Songs (Camden)
337 Ti is so deskatered bothe hider and thidere. 1496
Dives & Paup. (W. de W.) v. viii. 206 Woo be to the she’
herdes that thus descateren,.the flocke. 1597 Danie. Cre.
Wars vi. \xxvi, The brok di ed [ed.171
dis-tcattered] power. 1613-8 Daniet Coll. Hist. Eng.(1626
32 Petty revolts made by discattered troupes. 16 RATH=
wait Arcad, Pr, 1. 43, I begunne to recollect my discatered
senses,
Disceas(e, -cees, etc., obs. ff. Deckasr, DISEASE,
Disceat, -ceipte, -ceit, obs. ff. Decrrt.
ue, -ceiue, etc., obs. ff. Decrrve, etc.
t+ Discede, v. Ols. [ad. L. discéd-cre to =
rate, depart, f. Dis- 1 + cédére to fo] intr. To
depart, deviate, (Usually fig.) Hence Disce-d-
ing vd/. sb. Ps . Pinte
B Anth t. 0 on iscede
ise ‘cust i ory ma Me Pen jo One part
a
of the said Cork would a h and make toward the
stick, whereas another would discede and fly away. /did.
This Disceding of the heat in glass drops by the. .cooling
rradiations,
Discede, obs. (bad) form of Drcmg.
Discence, d, etc., obs. ff, Descence,
DESCEND, etc.
DISCERN.
-tion, obs. ff. DEscensioy, D1s-
t, obs. var. of DEscEenn.
SENSION.
1612 W. Parkes Curtaine-Dr. (1
from the -. it immediatel ts to the Cittie.
1659 MacaLto Can. Physick 37 The wandering discenting
ins.
pal
Discent, obs. form of Descent, DissEnr.
(dise*pt), v. rare. [ad. L, discept-are
to contend, debate, decide, determine, f. dis- (D1s-
2,.3)+ captare to try to catch, catch at, strive after,
etc.] zztr, To dispute, debate; to express dis-
agreement or difference of opinion, to ‘ differ’.
1652 GauLe Magastrom. 27 It is God that thus discepts
with you. 1818 T, L, Peacock Nightmare Abbey xi. 150
Permit me to discept. 1855 Browninc Master Hugues of
Saxe-Gotha xiv, One dissertates, he is candid; Two must
discept,—has distinguished ; Three helps the couple, if ever
yet man did. 1868 — Ring § Bk. x. 1350, I try it with my
rong nor discept From any point I probe and pronounce
soun
Discept, obs. form of Drcerr.
Disceptation (diseptéi-fan). arch. Also 4-7
decept-,6 dyscept-, 6-7 descept-, 7-dissept-, 4-6
-acio(u)n. [a. F. dzsceptation (14th c. in Godef.),
ad. L. disceptation-em, n. of action f. disceplare: see
Discert.] Disputation, debate, discussion.
1382 Wycur Rom. xiv. 1 Take 3e a syk man in bileue,
not in deceptaciouns[G/oss. or dispeticiouns] of thou3tis. x:
More Dyadoge 11. Wks. 203/1 Our formar dysceptacion ao
reasonyng, betwene vs before his departyng. 1602
Fursecke Pandectes 15 The Emperour .. did cause a..
generall assemblie of estates to be held for the di: ion,
and deciding of this doubt. 1670 Watton Lives 179:
I. 65 ‘These unhappy disceptations between Hooker aa
Travers. 1 Macens /usurances 11. 565 Such Contro-
versy shall decided by the Arbitration of good and
honest Men .. who shall decide the Affair in such Manner
as that no Damage may happen to the Owner during the
Time of Disceptation. a W. Hamitton Discuss.
(1852) 118 Théir subtlety in philosophical disceptations,
7 cepta‘tious, a. Obs. rare. [f. prec.:
see -0us.] " Disputatious ; controversial.
1682 D'Urrey Butler's Ghost 99 Buzzing Whimseys
warm'd the Addle Part of his disceptatious Noddle.
+ Discepta‘tor. Oés. rare. [a. L. disceptitor,
agent-n. f. disceptare to debate, Discept.] A
disputer, debater, controversialist.
1623 Cockeram, Disceptator, a ludge in a matter. 1656
Biount Glossogr., Disceptator..also he that argues or
disputes. 1675 J. Smrrn Chr. Relig. Appeal 1. The
inquisitive disceptators of this Age .. who with their alter-
cation and Ergo’s had turned out of their Creed the Amen
of their Progenitors.
+ Disceptatorrial, 2. Ods. rare. [f. L. type
*disceptatori-us (f. disceptator: see prec.) + -AL.]
Pertaining to disputation or controversy.
1810 Bentnam Packing (1821) 141 What with ratiocinatory,
or at least disceptatorial cunctation,
Erroneous form of
+Disce:ption, Obs. rare.
ny oo Dom. Conc. 298 (Jam.) For the discepcione of
the i
6) 14 If any vice arise
DISCEPTATION,
ngis leigis be aulde summondis.
ptre, var. of Dis-ScEPrRE v,
+Discerebrate, v. Os. [f. Dis- 6+L.
cerebr-um brain + -aTE3, Cf. decerebrize.] trans.
To veg we of the brain ; to disbrain.
x ayton Pleas. Notes ui, viii. 121 For the discerebrat-
ing of his Knights head.
Biscern (dizim), v. Also 4 disserne, 4-7
discerne, 5-6 des-, dyscerne, 6 dysserne. See
also DECERN. 1 F. discerner, in OF. also dés-
serner (13th c, in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. discern-dre to
separate, distinguish, determine, f, D1s- 1 + cernére
to separate. In early times sometimes confused
with Drcery, which in OF, also appears as des-
cerner.] cdi teees
+1. ¢rans. To aged (some or one thi
another) as distinct ; to distinguish and divide.
¢ 1430 Lypa. Min, Poems (1840) 87 (Matz.) Pictagoras ..
Fonde first out .y., a figure to discerne ‘Theyne lyff here
short, and lyff that is eterne, 1533 More Answ. ”
Bk, Wks. 1050/2 Our sauiour would not discerne & deuide
fayth from the woorke, but sayth that the faith it selfe was
the woorke of god. 1549 Coverbate Zrasm. Par.1 John 48
It is not the sacramentes that discerne the children of God
from the children of the devyll ; but the puritie of lyfe, and
a mene F- bog Hog hath lost Set Vv. —
. Dods: . 481 That precious gem reason, by
which solely We are Sidies'a from rude and brutish beasts.
1645 Usstier ody Div. 39 That so he might be discerned
from all things created, For nothing is like unto God,
To recognize as distinct ; to distinguish or
separate mentally (one thing /vom another); to per-
ceive the difference between (things). arch.
1483 Caxton G. de la Tour H iv, By the
they shalle .. discerne re fro the euyll, x55: T. Wi-
son Logike (1580) 20b, To discerne the from that
whiche is fal 1579 Furxe Heskins’
discern the two testaments, the promises
161r Bite 2 Sam, xiv.17 As an
lord the king to discerne
Fables 1. x, he discern the different natures? 18:
Newman Paroch. Sernt. 1, xvii. 257 Like men who
ve lost the faculty of di colours. 1837-9 HaLtam
Hist. Lit. 1V. iv. iv. §.38. 172 We discern good from evil
the understanding. © Ruskin Preterita 1, vi. 1
ot having yet the taste to discern good Gothic from bad.
DISCERN.
_ 8. intr, To perceive or recognize the difference
or distinction ; to make a distinction; to distin-
guish or discriminate be¢ween. arch.
13.. Z. E. Allit. P.C. 513 Wymmen .. pat .. Bitwene pe
stele and pe stayre disserne no3t cunen. c1400 MAUNDEV.
(Roxb,) xxii. 103 Pai .. can discerne betwix gude and euill.
1535 Coverpate £zek, xxii. 26 They put no dyfference
betwene the holy and vnholy, nether discerne betwene the
clene and vnclene. 1651 Hosses Leviath. 1. xix. 97 One
that cannot discerne between Good and Evill. x71 Avp1-
son Sfect. No. 255. ? 5 Some Men cannot discern between
a noble and a mean Action. 1841 Myers Cath. Th. ut.
§ 5. 18 The spiritual mind ..discerns and separates between
the things which differ in excellence.
4. trans. To distinguish (one thing or fact) by
the intellect; to recognize or perceive distinctly.
(With simple obj., or clause expressing a proposi-
tion.)
13.. Cursor M. 15066 (Gott.) Cum nu forth vr sauueour, we
haue discernd [3 J7SS. desired] be, pu es right king of israel,
qua sum pe soth can se. ¢1386 Cuaucer Avt.'s 7.2145 Than
may men wel by this ordre discerne, That thilke moevere
stabul is and eterne. 1529 More Dyadoge 1. Wks. 164/2
If..ye coude not make your audience to discerne the
truthe. 1641 Witkins AZath. Magick 1. vi. (1648) 41 Hence
also may wee discerne the reason why [etc.]. 1667 Miron
P. L, 1. 326 His swift pursuers from Heav’n Gates discern
Th’ pers 2 1679 L. Appison First State of Mahu-
medism 126 If we look into the condition of Christianity
.. at the time .. we shall discern it miserably shaken and
convuls'd. 1736 Butter Azad. 1. v. 124 We do not discern
how food and sleep contribute to the growth of the body.
1850 Tennyson /2 Mem. \xviii, | wake, and I discern the
truth, 1861 M. Pattison Zss. I. 33 Incapable of discerning
where their true interest lay.
b. zntr. or absol.
¢ 1374 Cuaucer 77oylus 1. Prol. 9(Harl.) In heuene and
helle and erthe and salte se Is felt pi myght If pat I wol
descerne. 158x Mutcaster Positions iii. 9 Which skill to
discern so narrowly ..is not in all. 1728 Younc Love
Fame iv. (1757) 110 Compton, born o'er senates to preside,
Deep to discern, and widely to survey. :
ec. zntr. To have cognizance, to judge of.
@1622 Bacon Hen. V//, Wks. (1860) 353 ‘Vhis court of
Star-chamber. .discerneth. .of forces, frauds, crimes various
of stellionate, and the inchoations .. towards crimes capital
+. not actually committed. 1633 Br. Hatt Hard Texts,
N. T. 135 Is there nobody, thinkest thou, that can discerne
of truth, but thou and thy followers? a1649 WinTHROP
New Eng. (1853) I. 380 The magistrates .. discerned of the
offence clothed with all these circumstances. ;
5. trans. To distinguish (an object) with the
eyes; to see or perceive by express effort of the
powers of vision; to ‘make out’ by looking, des-
cry, behold.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Kut.'s T. 1131 Wyndowe..was ther noon,
Thurgh which men myghten any light discerne. 1548
Hatt Chron., Rich. I1T, 50 A bekon wt a greate lanterne
--which maie be sene and discerned a great space of. 1653
H. Cocan tr. Pinto's Trav. vy. 12 The smoak was .. so
thick, as we could hardly discern one another. 1732
Berxevey Alciphr. 1. § 10 The best eyes are necessary to
discern the minutest objects. 1842 Tennyson Lord of
Burleigh 42 Till a gateway she discerns With armorial
bearings stately. 1860 T'yNDALL Glac. 11. xvii. 317 We could
discern no trace of rupture [in the ice].
+b. zntr. or absol. Obs. rare.
1384 Cuaucer 1. Fame u. 401 (Fairf & Bod, MSS.)
Or elles was the aire so thikke That y ne myght[e] not dis-
cerne [Caxf, that I myght it not decerne], @ 1649 WiN-
tHRop New Eng. (1853) 11. 72 It was frozen also to sea so
far as one could well scar: Tbid, 11. 81 There was such
a precipice as they could scarce discern to the bottom,
¢e. trans. To distinguish or perceive distinctly
by other senses. rare,
1578 Banister Hist, Man v. 71 Sundry portions of
sinewes .. scattered onely to discerne annoyaunce at any
tyme offred. Gero. Extor Romola 1. x, His ear dis-
cerned a dis! childish voice crying.
“| 6. Formerly sometimes used for DECERN.
Fasyan Chron, vu. 549 We .. pronounce, dyscerne
and declare, the same kynge Rycharde..to be..vnable..and
ynworthy to the rule and gouernaunce of the foresayd
realmys. 1 Coverpate Lord's Supper Wks. (Parker
Soc.) I. 449 It pertaineth not to every private person to
judge and discern, who ought to be admitted. 1563 Foxe
A. & M. 770b, We do..discerne, deme, and iudge the
same to be committed to y® .. custodye of such person or
persons as his maiesty shall apoynte. 1596 DALkynr-e tr.
Leslie’s Hist. Scot. 1. 66 That, quhilke Ptolomie discernet
to be among the hindmost Iles of Schytland.
Discern (dizi-m), sb. rare—'. [f. Discern v.]
The act of discerning ; discernment, perception.
1830 W. Puitiirs A/¢. Sinai 11. 582 Afront was stationed,
facile of discern, An orb immiscible of mist profound,
Discernable, var. of DIsceRNIBLE.
+Disce‘rnance. Ods. Uf DISCERN v. + -ANCE:
perh, from a French original.]
1. Distinction, difference.
1sgz_ Nasne P. Penilesse (ed. 2) 36 b, Those bodies ..
are distinguisht by no difference of sex, because they are
sieeple ; and the discernance of sex belongs to bodies com-
pound,
2. Discernment, discrimination, judgement.
1612 tr. Benvenuto's Passenger (N.), He .. manifesteth,
that either he hath but a blinde discernance, or that in
wi ie he is inferiour to a woman,
rrnant. rare. [a. F. d/scernant, pr. pple.
of discerner to DiscerNn.] One who discerns or
discriminates.
1822 Sourney in QO. Rev. XXVIII. 35 These persons were
called the discernants,
411
Discerner (dizs:ma1). [f. Discern v. +-ER1.]
One who or that which discerns, discriminates, or
perceives : see the verb.
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 274 To be vynteners,
discerners, and tasters of the same. 1539 Cranmer /ed. iv.
12 The worde of God .. is a discerner of the thoughtes and
of the intentes of the herte. 1613 SHaxs. Hen. V/IJ,1. i.
32 "Twas said they saw but one, and no Discerner Durst
wagge his Tongue in censure. 1712 STEELE Sfect. No. 515
P 2, I am too nice a Discerner to laugh at any, but whom
most other People think fine Fellows. 1875 Jowett P/ato
(ed. 2) I. 292 Discerners of characters... who would have
known our future great men.
Discernible (dizs-mib’l), az. Also 6-8 dis-
cernable, (7 discerneable, decerneable). [orig.
a. ¥F. discernable, f. discerner ; after middle of 17th
ce. conformed to the L. form déscernibilis, f. dis-
cernére to DISCERN: see -BLE.]
1, Capable of being discerned; perceptible: a.
by the sight: Visible, that can be descried.
1561 T. Norton Calvin's [ust. 1. Pref., If the godly hadde
then sought any discernable forme with their eies. 1597
Hooker Tract. & Serm.in Eccl. Pol. v. xvii. (1617) 363
When I behold with mine eyes some small scarce discern-
able Graine or Seed. 1652-62 Heviin Cosmogr. 1. (1682)
112 The Cathedral easily discernable by Mariners as they
sail along. 1748 Anson's Voy. 1. v. 43 It is ce dis-
cernible at the distance of ten leagues. 1866 Gro. Evior
¥’, Holt ii, There was the slightest possible quiver dis-
cernible across Jermyn’s face.
b. by other senses. rare.
1665 Hooke J/icrogr. 212 Nor did it cause the least dis-
cernable pain. 1684-5 Boytr A/in. Waters 83, 1 did not
find ..the Purging Springs..to have any discernible
Acidity. 1794 G. Apams Nat. § /xf. Philos. 11. xiii. 67
A discernible weight. Gro. Enior /. //olt xxx, ‘The
buzz and tread and the fitfully discernible voices.
e. by the understanding.
1620 SANDERSON Sev, I, 142 Hypocrisie is spun of a fine
thred, and is not easily discernable, without very diligent
examination. 1660 Jer. Tayior Duct. Dudbit. 1. v. rule iv.
§ 1 When we are in a perceiued, discernible state of danger.
1754 Epwarps “reed, Will 1. iv. (ed. 4) 32 That discernible
and obvious course of events. 1863 E.V. Neate Ava.
Th. §& Nat. 181 Under all their differences there would be
discernible a principle of unity.
+ 2. Distinguishable (from something else). Obs.
(Cf. DISCERN v. 2.)
16or R. Jounson Avngd. §& Comme. (1603) 2 If ..any
man affirme that true Judgement cannot be severed from
true valour, yet ordinarily the one doth appeere more dis-
cernable from the other in divers subjects. 1670 WALTON
Lives 1, 220 He never [laboured] .. to get glory to him-
self; but glory only to God: which intention, he would
often say, was as discernable in a Preacher, as a Natural
from an Artificial beauty.
+ 3. actively. Capable of discerning. Ods. vase.
1603 Danie. Panegyric to King \xvii, God..Hath..
framed thy heart Discernable of all apparencies.
Hence Disce‘rnibleness, the quality of being
discernible.
1727 Baitey vol. II, Déscernibleness, visibleness. 1881
J. Cairns sioebeles) 3805 C. vi. 270,The concession he makes
as to the discernibleness of Creation. 1890 J. H. Stirtinc
Gifford Lect. ix. 160 Discernibleness involves negation.
We should nct know what warmth is, were there no cold.
Discernibly (dizs-mibli), adv. Also 7 -ably.
[f. prec. + -L¥ 4.] Ina discernible manner or de-
gree; perceptibly.
1643 T. Goopwin 777al Christian's Growth 67 Christians
doe not grow discernably till after some space. 1669 W.
Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 364 Its taste is more discernably
nitrous. 1736 Butter Azad. 1. iii. Wks. 1874 I. 48 Whether
..a righteous government be not discernibly planned out.
1766 Lee in Phil. Trans. LVI. 103 The filtered liquors were
not discernibly different in colour and taste. 1839 Foster
in Life § Corr. (1846) II. 368 Revealed discernibly through
the solemn mystery.
Discerning (diz5-min), v2/. sb. [f. Discern z.
+-InG1!,] The action of the verb DISCERN (q.v.);
distinction, discrimination ; intellectual perception,
discernment.
1sog Hawes Past. Pleas. xxiv.1, By the inwarde wyttes
to have decernynge. 1526 Piler. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 123 b,
The discernynge of true reuelacyons .. from false illusyons.
1644 Mitton Fudgm, Bucer Wks. 1738 I. 275 If it be in
man’s discerning to sever Providence from Chance. 171%
STEELE Sfect. No. 149 P 4 If they are Men of discerning,
they can observe the Motives of your Heart. 1822 ‘I’.
Mitcuett A ristoph, I. 85 It asks not his nicer discerning
To observe [etc.].
Discerning, #//. a. [f. as prec. + -ING 2.
That discerns (see the verb) ; distinguishing, dis-
criminating, perceiving ; esf. (of persons or their
minds, etc.) Having or showing discernment ;
quick in intellectual perception ; penetrating.
1608 D. T. Ess. Pol. § Mor, 49 b, Directed .. by a better
discerning wisdom, 1680-3 Soame & Drypen tr. Boileau’s
Art of Poetry um. 801 A glance, a touch, discovers to the
wise; But every man has not discerning eyes. 1711 ADDISON
Spect. No. 261 P 9 Before piasiage we cannot be too inqui-
sitive and discerning in the Faults of the Person beloved.
1781 CowrER Conversation 373 True modesty is a discerning
race, And only blushes in the propes place. 1840 Macauay
Ess., Clive (1854) 531/2 Every discerning and impartial judge
will admit, that there was really nothing in common,
+b. Separating, dividing: cf. Discern 2,
1. Obs. :
1660 Jer. Taytor Worthy Commun. ii.§ 1. 119 Are we im-
proved by the purification of the discerning flames ?
DISCERPTIBLE.
Disce'rningly, adv. [f. prec.+-1¥2.] Ina
discerning manner; with discernment.
1634 M. Sanpys Prudence 74 (T.) Memory discerningly and
distinctly reverts unto things. 1717 Gartu Pref, Ovid (1810)
419 These two errours Ovid has most discerningly avoided.
1850 Kincstey A/t. Locke Pref. (1879) 99 That they may
judge discerningly and charitably of their fellow-men. 1866
Gro, Extor /. Holt v, Here his large eyes looked discern-
ingly through the spectacles.
Discernment (dizs:mmént). [f. Discern v.
+ -MENT. Cf. F. déscernement (17th c. in Hatz.-
Darm.).
1. a. The act of discerning or perceiving by the
intellect ; intellectual perception or apprehension.
168. in Somers 77acts Il. 340 Leading me toa right Dis-
cernment of the present Condition into which we are now
brought. 1729 Butter Sev, Wks. 1874 I]. 174 Reason
tends to and rests in the discernment of truth. 1875 JoweTT
Plato (ed. 2) 1V. 277 ‘The savage... has a quicker discern-
ment of the track than the civilized man. 1882 Farrar Early
Chr. 11. 536 A power of critical discernment.
b. The faculty of discerning ; discrimination,
judgement ; keenness of intellectual perception ;
penetration, insight.
1586 [see DECERNMENT, S.v. DecERN]). 1646 Sir T, BrowNe
Pseud, Ep.\. iii. 9 ‘Things invisible, but unto intellectuall
discernments. 1781 Ginpon Dec?. & #11. xlvi. 726 His dis-
cernment was expressed in the choice of this important post.
1875 MANN isston HH. Ghost vii. 177 The eye of the soul
acquires a discernment whereby some can instantly read the
characters of others.
+2. The act of distinguishing; a distinction.
Obs. (Cf. DISCERN v, 2.)
1586 A. Day Lng. Secretary i. (1625) 107 But that touching
the difference of counsels, or tender of his life, should make
adiscernement. 1648 W. Mountacvur Devout Ess. 1. x. § 4
(R.) It is not practicable, to frame rules for the discernment
between due praises and flatteries,
8. Perception by the senses; distinguishing by
sight, distinct vision. ? Oés. (Cf. DISCERN z, 5.)
1727 Philip Quaril 6 Being come within reach of plain
Discernment.
Discerp (diss1p), v. Now vave. Pa. t. and
pple. discerped, discerpt. [ad. L. discerp-cre to
tear in pieces, f. Dis- 1 + carpcve to pick, pluck,
etc. Cf Excrerp. The pa. pple. dscerpe rests,
partly at least, on the L. pa. pple. déscerpt-us.]
1. ¢rans. To pluck or tear asunder, pull to pieces;
Jig. to divide forcibly into parts or fragments, to
dismember.
1482 Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 51 The cruelle .. wodnes of
wykyd spirytys the whiche al to bete me discerpte me. .and
alto brend me. 1567 Martet Gr. Forest 28 Being once so
discerped [they] can neuer after neither in applying their
owne parts togither, neither yet in fastning .. them to any
body. .reuiue and quicken againe. 1668 H. More Div. Dial.
Iv, xxxiii. (1713) 385 This Horn..is the Roman Empire dis-
cerped into so many Kingdoms. 1682 — Annot. Glanvill’s
Lux O, 182 It is no derogation to his Omnipotence that he
cannot discerp a Spirit once created.
2. To pluck or tear off, sever (from a whole).
1655 H. More Axntid. Ath. (1662) 173 There is no means
..to discerp or separate any one ray of this Orbe, and keep
it apart by it self. x78 Artuorre Preval. Chr. 311 His
principle was, that the human soul, discerped from the soul
of the universe, after death was re-fused into the parent-
substance. 18451’. Cooper Purgatory Suicides(1877) 115 The
Soul Lived consciously discerpt from her clay shrine. 1869
Barinc-Goutp Origin Belief (1878) 1. xii. 247 Infinite space
may have parts in it discerped, and the interval subdivided.
+ Disce‘rpible, 2. Ods. [ad. L. type *déscer-
pibil-ts, f. discerpore: see prec., and cf. discernible.
Later supplanted by déscerpitzble.]_ = DISCERPTIBLE.
1655 H. More Antid. Ath, (1662) 150 One part is not
separable or discerpible from another, but the intire Sub-
stance .. is indivisible. 1661 Granvitt Van. Dogm. 51
What is most dense and least porous, will be most coherent
and least discerpible. 1720 Bibliotheca Biblica 1. 435 A
Vapour, or a Fluid Discerpible Substance.
Hlence +Discerpibi'lity, + Disce'rpibleness
= DISCERPTIBILITY.
1682 H. More Annot. Glanvill’s Lux O. 220 In Fire, no
doubt the Discerpibility is yet harder, 1722 WoLLaston
Relig. Nat. v.74 A natural discerpibility and susceptivity
of various shapes. 1727 Baitey vol. II, Discerpibleness,
ee or aptness to be pulled in Pieces.
iscerpt, pa. pple. of DIscerP v., q. v.
+ Discerpted, 7//. a. Obs. [f. L. déscerpt-us,
pa. pple. of dzscerpereto DIScERP + -ED12.Cfexcerpt
vb.] Plucked or torn asunder, divided, separated.
1607 J. Kinc Ser. Nov. 4 Manie a thousand discerpted
limme. 1631 J. Burces Ausw. Rejoined 203 A few dis-
cerpted parcells, 1633 P. Apams £-xf. 2 Peter ii. 7 Dead
corpses and discerpted limbs.
Discerptible (diss1ptib’l), a [f L. dis-
cerpt- ppl. stem of discerp-ére: see -BLE.] Capable
of being plucked asunder, or divided into parts or
pieces ; divisible.
1736 Butter Axa, 1. i. 16 Upon supposition that they are
compounded and so discerptible. 1837 J. M¢Cuttocu At-
tributes of God (1843) III. 514 Not only extensible but dis-
corti: 1867 Concems Kav-¥: 226 The soul is discerptible,
and perishes with the ly.
Hence Discerptibi'lity, divisibility; Disce'rp-
tibleness (Ash, 1775).
1755 Jounson, Discerptrbility, liableness to be destroyed b
disunion of parts. 1837 M¢Cuttocu A étributes of God (1843
II. 466 Without any apparent regard to hardness, rigidity,
weight, toughness, flexibility, softness, discerptibility, 1867
52*-2
‘DISCERPTION.
bo Rev, V. 228 The attempt is made to
perishable quality of the soul by its discerptibility.
Discerption (dis31pfon).
L. déscerption-em (in Vu
singe” aap see DISCERP.
1. The action of pulling to pieces, dilaceration ;
fig. division into parts or fragments.
1647 Br. Ras, Fag ris ses (T.), eee are —— Se
gregations, families, persons, torn asunder. .so as the whole
a ¥ is strewed over with the woful monuments of our
discerptions. 1741 Coventry Phil. to Hyd. iv. (T.) The dis-
cerpsion of Osiris’s body into fourteen parts by his relentless
adversary. 31844 Lincarp Anglo-Sax. Ch. (1858) IL. xiv. 306
The discerption of his mem 1868 GLADSTONE Fur.
Mundi ix. (1869) 373 Heracles suffers a strange discerption
of individuality ; e his eidolon or shade moves and speaks
here, while ‘he himself is at the banquet of the immortals’.
2. The action of tearing off, severance (of a part
froma whole) ; conc. a portion torn off or severed.
1688 in Somers 7vacts II. 242 Even the Propagation of
Light is by Discerption; some Effluvia or Emanations of
the enlightening Candle passing into that which is lightened.
1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) 1. 402 The discerption of
souls from thence [the mundane soul] to inhabit human
bodies. /d/d. II. 291 Supposing it could be proved, that
[brutes]. .are discerptions too from the general fund of spiri-
tual substance. 1822 T. Taytor Apuleius 37 If he .. does
not. .restore the dead body entire, he is compelled to repair
the whole of whatever has been bitten and taken from it,
with discerptions from his own face.
Disce'rptive, a. rare. [f. L. discerpt- ppl.
stem of déscerf-cre +-IVE.] Having the quality of
dividing or separating ; tending to pull to pieces.
18.. Ocitvir cites V. B. Rev.
Disce:rt, obs. form of DEsERT s/.1
¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 316, I herd neuer telle, for
what maner discert.
Discese, -cess(e, etc., obs. ff. Deckasr, Dis-
EASE, DISSEIZE.
+ Discess. Obs. rare. |ad. L. discess-us de-
parture, f. discédére: see DisceDE.] Departure.
¢ 1380 Wycuir Ii’ks. (1880) 299 Aftir myn discess wolues of
raueyn shal come [quoting Acts xx. 29].
+ Discession. 0/s. Also 7 dissession. [ad.
L. discession-em, n. of action from L. discédére:
see prec.] Departure; secession ; separation.
1521 Fisner Wks. (1876) 337 Before the comynge of anti-
chryst there shall be a notable discession and departyng from
the faythe of the chirche. 1611 Speen //ist. Gt. Brit. ix. ix.
§ 20 So vniuersall an oppression, as might cause a generall
dissession from the Church of Rome. 1612-15 Br. Hat.
Contempl., N. T. w. xv, Their slinking away (one by one!
may seem to carry a shew of deliberate and voluntary dis-
cession. 1662 Hosses Seven Prob, Wks. 1845 VII. 19 As
you pull, the wax grows... more and more slender; there
ing a perpetual parting or discession of the outermost
parts. ;
Disceue, -eyue, -eyt‘e, obs. ff. DecrIve, -crIT.
+ Discey'v
(Godefroy), in AF. *decevous, f. decevorir to DE-
CEIVE: see -oUS.] Deceptive, deceitful.
1422 tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv, (E.E.1T.S.) 217 Suche
aman is lechelorus and disceyuous.
+ Dischai'n, v. Ods. [ad. 16th c. F. deschain-
er (mod.F. déchatner), f. des-, Dis- 4 + chatner to
chain.] ¢rans. To set free as from a chain; to
unchain, unloose. Hence Dischained ///. a.
1598 SyivesterR Mathieu's Trophies fen. 1V France, To
W. Cecil 8 Henry’s Death through Hell's dis-chained Rage.
1603 Hortanp Plutarch's Mor. 51 Their owne irregular
lusts and unordinate appetites, which now he (as it were)
dischainid and let loose.
Discha‘nnel, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 7c + Cuan-
NEL sb.) trans. To turn (a stream) out of its
channel; ef. and infr. to quit its channel; to
discharge itself (into the sea, etc.).
1607 A. Brewer Lingua ut. v, in Hazl. Dodsley 1X. 394
The river Alpheus at that time pursuing his beloved Are-
thusa dischannelled himself of his former course. 1
Heyuin Cosmogr. a. (x679) 4/1 Cataractes, dischannelling
into the Mediterranean, /6fd. un. (1682) 165 Mixt with those
streams they are dischannelled in the Caspian Sea.
acter v.: see Dis- 7.
Discharge (dis,t{a1dz), v7. Forms: 4-6 des-
charge, (4-7 discarge, 5-6 dyscharge, 6 dis-,
dy: SC. ee, 6-7 discharg, 7
discarg), 4- discharge. [a. OF. descharge-r,
(mod.F. décharger) in 12th c. deschargier, ONF.
deskargier =Pr, and >. descargar, It. (di)scarcare,
-caricare, in med.L, des-, discargare (12th c. in Du
Cange) :—late L. type *déscarricdre, f. Dis- 4+
carricare to load, to CHARGE.]
To free, rid, or relieve a ‘hing (or person) from
that with which it is out
1. “rans. To unload (a ship, etc.) from that with
which it is or loaded; to rid of a char,
or load ; to disburden. (Also adsol,, and intr. for
refi.)
1382 Wycuir Acts xxvii. 38 And thei. .discargeden [v.77
dischargeden, -chargiden] the schipp, castinge whete in to
the see, x Caxton God/rey 260 maronners of Gene
receyued them moche honorably .. and dischar, theyr
shippes. _1§13 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) Il. 765 No
man unoccupied, some lading .. some discharging, some
commyng for more. 1 Lamparve Peramb, Kent
1826) 167 At the first, ships were accustomed to discarge at
ymne, 1601 Hottanp P/iny I. 193 Himselfe saw at Puteoli,
Now rare. [ad.
), n. of action from
prove the |
412
acertain ship discharged of Elephants embarked therein.
17iz W. = Voy. 20 We..discharg'd the Bark, and
parted the small ae between our two Ships. Law
Times XCII, 78/2 A strike took place amongst men
employed to discharge the vessel.
b. To disburden (a weapon, as a bow or gun)
by ee | fly the missile with which it is charged
or loaded ; to fire off (a fire-arm), Also adso/.
1555, Even Decades 159 The gouernoure disc ‘ed aboute
+xx. pieces of ordinaunce ageynste them. 1644 Nye Guu-
nery (1670) 39 He should know how to charge and discharge
Gunner like. 1748 Westey Ausw. Ch. 32 To discharge
our Spleen and Malice! Say, Your Muskets and Blunder-
usses. 1872 Yeats Techn. Hist. Comm. 334 When his
piece was discharged, he had to defend himself with his
sword.
+e. intr. (for ref.) Of a fire-arm: To go off.
1580 J. Hooxer Life Sir P. Carewin Archwol, XXVIII.
? The matche gave fier, and the pece dyschardged. 1582
- Lacnertetp tr. Castanheda's Cong. E. Ind. \xxi. 144,
Some of the Ordinaunce of the fleete beganne to discharge.
d. Electr. (trans.) To rid of an electric charge ;
to withdraw electricity from. (Also intr. for ref.)
1748 Frankiin Lett. Wks. 1840 V. 199 The bottle bein:
thereby discharged, the man would be charged. 1794 G.
Avams Nat. §& Exp. Philos. 1V. xlvii. 295 It [a Leyden
phial] will be discharged of its fire with a loud snap. 1836-9
Topp Cycl. Anat. 11. 83/1 The torpedo sometimes bears
great irritation..without discharging. 1869 ‘T. Granam in
| Set. Opinion 10 Feb. 270/3 On charging and discharging
ous, @. Obs.rare. [ad. OF. deceveux |
portions of the same palladium wire repeatedly, the curious
retraction was found to continue.
e. transf.and fig. To rid, clear (of) ; to deprive
(of). Now rare.
13.. A. Adis. 3868 Y am of Perce deschargid, Of Mede,
and of Assyre aquyted. 1393 Gower Conf b 8 13 pei [the
clergy] wolde hemself descharge Of pouerte and become
grete. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxliii. (1482) 285 Quene
Isabell was dyscharged of al hir dower, and sente oute of
Englond. 1g20 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 26
‘The same person .. shalbe dischargied of his ffraunches.
1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa 1, 157 He is bound .. to dis-
charge the citie of all leprous persons. 1658 Evetyn Fr.
ar (1675) 92 You need only discharge them of the dead
wi .
very dry. 1736 Baitey Househ, Dict. 355 Discharge the
fish of its scales and entrails, 1862 F. Ha Hindu Philos.
Syst. 103 The assertion .. that whatever has misery for a
quality can never be discharged of it.
f. refl. To disburden oneself by utterance; to
give vent to words, feelings, etc. ? Ods.
1523 SkeLton Garl. Laurel 1353, 1 wyll myself discharge
To lettered men at large. 1713 STRELE Guardian No. 29
P 26 We now and then discharge ourselves in a symphony
of laughter. 1752 FretpinG Amelia vy. i, The colonel ..
discharged himself of two or three articles of news.
2. fig. To relieve of (an obligation or charge) ;
to exonerate; to exempt, let off, release from.
To discharge a bankrupt: to release him from further
legal liability for debts contracted before his bankruptcy.
cr R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 313 Discharged wille pei
be grete oth pei suore. a1450 Aunt. de la Tour (1868)
56 She might have saide, ‘ Aske myn husbonde that ques-
tyon and not me’, and thus she might have discharged her
of her ansuere. 1513 Morr in Grafton Chron. (1568) 11.771
Neither king nor Pope can geve any place such a privilege
that it shall discharge a man of his debtes beyng able to
pay. 1599 SHAKs. Much Ado v. i. 328, 1 discharge thee
of thy prisoner, and I thanke thee. 1607 Schol. Disc. agst.
Antichr, 1. iii. 126 Doth not the Lawe discarg from a
vowe that which hath a superfluous member. 1714 /'r. Bk.
¢Js* 11 We have established the Imposition of pe
Sols per Ton, on the Freight of all Strangers Ships, at the
Same time discharging those of our own Subjects. 184
Form Bankruft's Certif. in Vomlins Law Dict. s.v.. We
.. testify and declare our consent... that the said John
Thomas. .be discharged from his debts in pursuance of the
same act. 1786 J. Bacon Liber Regis Pref., An Account of
the Valuations of all the Ecclesiastical Benefices in England
and Wales, which are now cored with the Payment of
First Fruits and ‘Tenths, or were lately dischar; any
Payment to those Revenues, on account of the Smallness
of their Income. 1858 Sa/. Rev. VI. 448/1 We are not dis-
charged of our duties towards our female lers by any
coyness on their part. 1853 H. Cox /ustit. 1. viii. 95 e
boroughs were discharged by the sheriffs from sending
members.
tb. refl. To relieve oneself of an obligation by
fulfilling it. Zo ger oneself of: to acquit
oneself of, perform, fulfil (a duty or obligation)
=sense II; to Pay (a debt) sense 10. Ods.
1586 Hotinsnen Chron, Il. 447 Such magistrates ..
as neither are com! nor apt to discharge them-
selves of such offices. 1659 B. Harris Parival’s Jron
Age 252 To discharge themselves of a of their debts.
seg Anemos Jtaly 94 Yet'tis observ'd of ‘em, that they
discharge themselves with a great deal of Dexterity in
such Embassies..as are laid on ‘em.
3. trans. To relieve of a charge or office ; (more
usually) to dismiss from office, service, or em-
ployment; to cashier. Constr. from, + of; prep.
rarely omitted.
1476 in York Myst. Introd. 37 All. .insufficiant personnes
..to discharge, ammove, and avoide. — Chron.,
Hen. VI, 135, The duke of Yorke was ed of the
office of Regent. 1599 Harsner Agst. Dare About
a Moneth or five weekes after he was Discha of M.
Brakenburies Service. 1664 Everyn Mem, (1857) II]. 144
Being. .discovered to be a rampant inian, he was dis-
charged of employment. 1798 ‘ommnt. Sense (1739) 11. 203
Enemies .. insisted I should be forthwith discharged his
Service. 1836 Marrvat MZidsh. Easy xxiii, He wanted
to leave the service ; he hoped that Captain Wilson would
1712 J. James tr. Le Blond’s Gardening 188 At that |
‘Time the Earth being wholly discharged of its Moisture, is
DISCHARGE.
5 him ‘and send him’ homme: Pan Fasl
Gp. Yew wie om titer Orteeas agehiod ane
you discharged.
a eae disburden or relieve oneself of an
office or employment by quitting or renouncing it.
1400 Destr, Troy 8939 Now is tyme in this tru..To
discharge me as cheftain. 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour N iv,
Syre I rendre and dyscharge me of your offyce.
+4. ¢rans. To clear of a charge or accusation;
to exculpate, acquit. Ods.
¢1g00 Lancelot 3227 Bot, if god will, I sal me son dis-
charg. Say to sir kay I sal not ber the , He sal no
—_— ae me to ip x eee ne ; a
culpam ponere. 1638 ‘enit, Conf. vi. (1 1 e ma’
well doubt if every Sir John’s absolution di: i ae us before
god. 166: Bramuat Fust Vind. ix. 245 But it is not
enough to charge the Church of Rome, un we can dis-
charge our selves, and acquit our own Church of the guilt
of Schisme. x Fietpinc ¥. Andrews 1. xvi, The con-
stable hath not been discharged of suspicion on this
5. To dismiss (a prisoner in charge of the officers
of the law, or one charged with an offence) ; to
release from custody, liberate.
1556 Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 82 The duke of Nor-
foke..and the byshoppe of Wyssiter had their pardone, and
ware aso hy 1699 in Col. Rec. Fennsylv. 1. 549
Requesting to be discharged from his confinement. 177%
Junius Lett. xliv. 239 The..magistrate..declares the
war-
rant illegal and discharges the prisoner. x Monthly
Mag. I11. 550 The sheriff’ may then disc! whe dafendeat.
1887 7imes 26 Aug. 10/2 Mr. d’Eyncourt harged a man
accused of picking pockets.
b. To dismiss, send away, let go. (Cf. also 3.)
(+ Also with zxdirect obj. by omission of from.)
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary u. (1625) 20 your
selfe knew an houre before our conference, to have bin dis-
charged our company, 1600 E, Biount tr. Conestaggio
120 ‘They woulde not discharge the souldiers. ADS-
wortn tr. Sandoval’s Civil Wars Sp. 333 Requiring the
Commissioners forthwith to discharge him the Citie. 4
Med. Frnt. XV1I. 316 At the end of which time .. the gi
was a second time discharged cured. Law Times
XCV. 249/2 The jury, having informed the court that they
had no presentment to make, were discharged.
6. Tocharge or command not to do something
(cf. CHARGE v. 14); to prohibit, forbid. Also
with the action as obj. Obs, exc. dial. (Chiefly Sc.)
1570 Levins Manip. 31 To discharge, inhibere, absoluere.
1596 Dacrypce tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. vit. 89 This par-
1632 Litucow 7rav. 1x. 389 The Card
to say Masse for a yeare. 1
And discharge all others from
over the Skuillkill. 1707 Act agst. /nnov.
(Jam.), The General io bly..doth hereby di t
ractice of all such innovations, 1716 Wodrow Corr. (1843)
I, 120 The ministers. .were discharged to pray for Kii
George even in their families. [188 Letcestersh. Gloss. 8.¥.,
A dischaa’ged 'im of ivver comin’ agen o’ the graound.
N. W. Linc. Gloss. s.v., 1 discharge you fra iver spedkin’
to oor Melia ony moore.]
7. Arch. To relieve (some ) of superincum-
bent weight or pressure by distributing this over
adjacent parts. (Also b, with the weight as obj.)
1667 Primatr City §& C. Build. 82 One Lintal to di
the two windows and Balcony: + 1703 Moxon Mec,
Exerc. 138 Put a Girder between, to Discharge the Lengt
of the Joysts. 1715 Leont Padladio’s Archet. (1742) a
The arched ceilings..are made of to e
Walls. 1 [see Discnarcine ffi. a.]. 1879 Cassell's
Techn. Educ. Wie 195/2 The arch ., not only supports the
wall above, but ‘discharges’ the weight over the walls on
each side.
IL. To remove, throw off, clear away a charge.
8. To remove (that with which anything is
charged); to clear out, send out or forth, emit.
spec. & To take out, clear away, empty out, unload
from a vessel, etc. (Also grodieaton of the vessel:
cf, ¢ below.)
in Eng. Gilds (1870) 425 All smalwodde to be dis-
Phe he the Bak. eee Locuuseatn tr. Castanheda’s
Cong. E. Ind. xiii, 96 ther were setled a , to
disc! the M dize the which were appointed for
ge
that place. 1699 Dampier Voy. II. 1. 4 The Ships as usually
take in water. . lo as frequently discharge it again
at some of these Ts and take in better. 1720 Cod.
Pennsylv, UL, 112 Preventing Sickly Vessels from di a
ing their goods or 1840 R. H. Dana Bef. Mast
xx. 59 They came to anchor, moored ship, and commenced
di: ing hides and tallow, Jdid. 67 Having dis-
cade wah eis Dosoemas Pate .
under wel, HACKERAY aris
two coaches draw near, and thence..trunks, children
..and an affectionate wife are on the quay.
b. To send forth, let fly (a missile, a blow, etc.);
to fire off (a shot).
¢ 1800 Melusine \xii. 369 He .. wold haue take the swerd
to haue descharged it vpon the oe 1604 Suaxs. Oth.
u. i. 57 They do discharge their of Courtesie.
Srurmy Mariner's Mag. v.75 Of the .. Motion or
of a Shot discharged out of any Piece of Ordnance.
Pore Odyss. xxi. 276 Let each at once discharge the deadly
dart. 1771 Gotpsmrrn Hist, Eng. I. 196A Norman knight
+ di at his head two..furious strokes of a sabr
1817 Worse Burial Sir ¥ Moore i, Not a soldier dis-
we baled cigp rah 1s (Ride) gt The king, my
c fe
fat infoh pisteed bis breast
ur
Anc. Hist, 1V. vu, xiv. s isc] .
petaaily upon them. @1774 Goips. Hist. Greece 1. 297.
DISCHARGE.
ce. To give vent to, allow to escape or pass out ;
to send or pour forth, emit ; /ig. to give utterance
or expression to.
1600 E. Biount tr. Coxestaggio 299 There they discharged
their choler. 1605 Suaks, A/acé. v. i. 81 Infected minds To
their deafe pillowes will discharge their Secrets. 1676 Wisr-
MANS! (J.); The matter being suppurated, I opened
an ini tubercle .. and discharged a well-concocted
matter. 171x SHAFTESB. Charac, (737) I. 73 "Lis the only
manner in which the poor cramp'd Wretches can discharge
a free Thought. 1833 Act 3-4 Will. /V, c. 46 § 114 The
same [pipes] shall not discharge the water .. upon the foot
pavements. 1845 M. Pattison Zss. (1889) I. 11 The shoals
of the frivolous and dissipated which this country annually
discharges upon the Continent.
refi. To find vent, escape ; esf. of a river, to
empty itself, disembogue (also z7/r.).
1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa 1. 333 This small river ..
dischargeth it selfe into the Mediterran sea. 1794 S. WIL-
Liams Vermont 30 Twenty five run westerly and discharge
themselves into Lake Champlain. 1816 Keatince 7 vav.
(1817) II. 42 A deep and rapid river, which discharges at
Larache. 1820 Scoressy Acc. Arctic Reg. 1. 338 The
chimney. .through which the smoke discharges itself.
+9. trans. To remove (anything of the nature of
a charge, obligation, etc.) ; to get rid of, do away
with, abolish. Ods.
1523 Fitzuers. Surv. 12 b, Mater in writyng may nat be
discharged by..bare wordes. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 236 All
this dischargeth not the wonder. 1654 tr. Scudery's Curia
Pol. 173, I resolved to remove and discharge the Office of
the Major of the Pallace. 1732 Neat Hist. Purit. 1. 234
The Earl of Murray. .convened a Parliament. .in which the
Pope’s authority was again discharged. 1741 Ricuarpson
Pamela (1742) LV. 34 If it be the natural Duty of a Mother,
it is a Divine Duty; and how can a Husband have Power
to discharge a Divine Duty? 1 Br. Lowrn TJrausé.
Isaiah Prelim. Diss. (ed. 12) 44 We can hardly expect..
more..than to be able..to discharge and eliminate the
errors that have been gathering .. for about a thousand
years past. he
b. Law. To put an end to the obligation of,
cancel, annul (an order of a court).
1798 Dattas Amer. Law Rep. Il. 33 Therefore adjudge
that the order of the court be discharged. 1808 Pard. Ded.
1409 Other.. business... might render it improper to discharge
the order: the call miche e postponed for a few days with-
out being discharged. 1883 Law Vimes LX XIX. 175/t
The order..was entirely wrong, and must be discharged with
costs.
e. Arch. To get rid of (a weight): see 7 b.
‘10.- To clear off, or acquit oneself of (an obliga-
tion) by fulfilment or performance ; to pay (a debt,
vow, etc.).
1525 Lp. Berners Fro/ss. II. ccxxiv. [ccxx.] 7or His
entent was not to departe thens tyll euery thynge was
yed and discharge[d]. 1542 Upatt in Lett Lit, Alen
(Camden) 2 Only of an honest purpose to discharge my
debtes. 1590 SHaKs. Com. Erv. iv. i. 13, I will discharge
my bond. 1606 — Ant. § CZ. Iv. xvi. 28 Death of one
ide but once, And that she ha’s dis-
‘orpE Odyss. 1. 329 Soon may your sire
+b. To pay or settle for. Ods.
1593 Nasue Four Lett. Confut. 6 That thou mayst haue
money to goe home to Trinitie Hall to discharge thy com-
mons. 1646 Evetyn Mev, (1857) I. 239 The next morning
.. discharging our lodgings, we a: d for a coach to carry
us. 1729 Swirt Libel on Delany Wks. 1755 IV. 1. 95 Crazy
Congreve scarce cou’d spare A shilling to discharge his
chair. 1815 W. H. Iretanp Scribdleomania 156 She liter-
ally was without a shilling to discharge the.vehicle which
had conveyed her to the metropolis. 1842 C. Warrenrap
R. Savage (1845) I. iv. 218 I had discharged my lodging
that morning. /é/d. ILI. xi. 446 That insult shall be dis-
charged at the same time with the other debts.
+e. To pay, settle with (a creditor). Ods.
a@z1560 Amy Rossart Le#. in West. Gaz. 2t Apr. (1894)
4% ‘o make this gowne of vellet whiche I sende you. .and
will se you dyscharged for all. 1596 Suaxs. Merch. V.
it. ii. 276 If he had The present money to discharge the
Jew, He would not take it. Pe Frver Acc. E. India & P.
392 The Husbandman. :reaps the Fruit of his Labour, pro-
vided he take care to discharge his Landlord. |
+d. To clear oneself of, account for, give account
of. Obs. rare.
; 7596 Spenser F. Q. vu. xii. 17 He bade her Ceasse to
molest the Moone to walke at large Or come before high
Jove her dooings to discharge. :
+e. To transfer the responsinuity for (some-
thing) by charging it 07 some one else (cf. CHARGE
v. 16). Obs. rare.
Hosses Leviath., u. xxvii. 292 Part of the fault may
be discharged on the punisher. fo Dryven 4neid xu.
i Tis not a crime t’ attempt what I decree, Or if it were,
e the crime on me.
11. To acquit oneself of, fulfil, execute, perform
‘(a charge, office, duty, trust, function, etc.).
1548 LATIMER Ploughers (Arb.) 21 A soore word for them
that are tt in dyschargeinge theyr office. 1590
Suaxs. Mids. N. v. i. 206 Thus haue I Wall, my part dis-
ed so. a166x Futter Worthies (1840) Il. 214 He
was high-sheriff of this county, 1635, discharging the place
“great honour. 1719 in Perry Hist. Coll. Am. Col.
Ch. 1. 216 Let me..exhort you to discharge a good con-
science in this matter. 1755 Jounson Let. to Langton 6
May in Boswed?, When the duty that calls me to Lichfield is
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
413
discharged, my inclination will call me to Langton. @ 1853
Rosertson Serie. Ser. 111. vii. 92 ‘They appointed one of
their number. .to discharge those offices for them.
12. Dyeing, etc. To remove (the dye or colour
with which it has been charged) from a textile
fabric, etc. b. To print (a fabric) with a pattern
by discharging parts of the ground colour.
1727 Popr, etc. Art of Sinking 91 Take off the gloss, or
uite discharge the colour. 1764 HURCHILL Poens, Ep. to
ogarth, Wash the Ethiop white, Discharge the leopard’s
spots. 1802 Mar. EvGewortn Moral 7. (1816) I. xix. 150
The colours had been discharged by some acid. 1836 Penny
Cycl, VI. 155/1 The second style of calico-printing consists
in giving a general dye to the cloth, and discharging portions
of the ground, which has the effect of producing a number
of white or variously coloured figures upon it. 1875 Ure's
Dict. Arts I. 288, That is, 224 handkerchiefs are discharged
every ten minutes,
e. intr, Of ink, dye, ete.: To be washed out ;
to ‘run’ when wetted.
1883 R. Hatpane Workshop Receipts Ser. u. 336/2 The
ink..dries quickly, and may even be varnished without
discharging.
Discharge (dis,t{a-1dz), sd. [f. prec. vb.: cf.
OF. descharge (13-14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), mod.
F, décharge, f. des-, décharger.]
1. The act of freeing from or removing a charge
or load; disburdenment, unloading (of a vessel,
ete.) ; clearing away, removal (ofa cargo, etc.).
1580 Hottypanp 77eas. Ir. Tong, Passe-porte, a Will of
discharge for any marchandise. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 92
Marke well the Discharge of that Cloude; And you shall
see it euer breake vp, first in the Skirts, and last in the
middest. 1891 Laz Times XCII. 78/2 The discharge of
her cargo began on the 14th Nov.
2. The act of discharging a weapon or missile;
the act of firing off a fire-arm, letting fly an arrow,
etc. Also fig.
1596 Suaks. 1 /7en. JV, 1. i. 57 By discharge of their
Artillerie. 1653 H.CoGan tr. Pinto's Trav. xxii. 79 Without
any noise or discharge of Ordnance. 1785 Saran FIELDING
Ophelia 1. xiv, I had stood her discharge of nonsense.
1831 J. W. Croker in Croker Papers (1884) 8 Feb., I am
as convinced..as I am that the discharge of my gun will
follow the puHing the trigger. 1844 H. H. Wirson Bvt.
India W11. 76 ‘The howitzers were then brought up, and
after a few discharges, the work was taken in flank.
3. The act of sending out or pouring forth;
emission, ejection the rate or amount of emission.
1600 Suaks. A. VY. 1. ut. i. 37 The wretched annimall
heau'd forth such groanes That their discharge did stretch
his leatherne coat Almost to bursting. 1695 Woopwarn Nat.
Hist. Earth wu. (1723) 161 Wherever there are any extra-
ordinary Discharges of this [subterraneous] Fire, there also
are the neighbouring Springs hotter than ordinary. 1783
Porr Chirurg. Wks. 1. 309 The discharge of this mucus.
1823 J. Bapcock Dom. A musem. 180 And give a more easy
issue or discharge to the water. 1880 HauGcHron Phys.
Geog. iii. 141 This gives a discharge of water to the south-
ward, equal to 32-28 cubic miles per hour.
b. Electr. The emission or transference of
electricity which takes place between two bodies
positively and negatively charged, when placed in
contact or sufficiently near each other.
1794 G. Apvams Nat. & Exp. Philos. IV. x\vii. 295 The
person who holds the discharger feels nothing from the dis-
charge. 1836-9 Topp Cyc/. Anat. I1. 82/2 The shock caused
by an electrical fish is said to be produced by a discharge of
its electricity. 1863-72 Watts Dict. Chen. II. 388 The
recombination of the opposite electricities which constitutes
discharge may..be either continuous or sudden. 1894 ZZses
19 Apr. 13/6 Three modes of electric discharge—the glow
discharge, the spark discharge, and the arc discharge.
¢e. concr. That which is emitted or poured forth ;
esp. matter issuing from a wound or running
sore,
1727 P. Harpisway in PAi?, Trans. (1727) VII. 216 (¢7t2e)
A Purulent Discharge. 1804 ABERNETHY Sv7g. Obs. 223,
I directed that this discharge should be pressed out..and
a poultice applied. 1862 Lies Goopman Exper. Eng.
Szster of Mercy 103 The discharge was so offensive as to
nauseate him and prevent him taking nourishment.
d. The place where something is discharged ;
e.g. the mouth of a river (cf. DIscHaRGE v. 8 d) ;
an opening for discharging something.
1798 Pennant Hindoostan II. 110 The water contained in
them [rivers] is increased by dams made across their dis-
charges. 1808 Pike Sources Mississ. 11. App. 6 From its
sources to its discharge into the head of the gulf of California.
1828 Scotr F. M7, Perth (ed. 1) xxix, On the meadow at the
Ballough, that is, the discharge of the lake into the river.
4. The act of freeing from obligation, liability, or
restraint ; release, exoneration, exemption.
Discharge of a bankrupt: release from further legal
liability for debts contracted before his bankruptcy.
c1460 Fortescue Ads. §& Lim. Mon. ix, Wich encrease,
any subget desirith ffor his owne discharge off pat he beyrith
to the sustenance offhis prince. 1532 More Con/fut. Tindale
Wks. 518,2 Of whiche commaundement in scripture we see
no discharge. 1559 Asp. Hetue in Strype Aun. Ref I. 1.
App. vi. 11 Thus muche I have here said. . for the dyscharge of
my conscience. 1683 Brit. Spec. 155 After that Honorius had
by Letters of Discharge quitted the Britains of the Roman
Jurisdiction. 1705 Act 4 Anne c, 17 Thata bankrupt trader
. Should be entitled to his discharge from all further liability
for the debts theretofore contracted. 1818 Cruise Digest
(ed. 2) III. 66 Neither will any prescription de non deci-
mando avail in total discharge of tithes, unless it relates to
such abbey lands. 1835 Penny Cycé. III. 401/1 Bankrupt
Law Sc., The bankrupt .. may apply to the Court of
Session for a discharge..A discharge .. frees the debtor
| from all debts previous to the date of the first deliverance
DISCHARGE.
on the petition for sequestration, except debts due to the
crown, 1895 /7es (Weekly Ed.) 558/2 [Bankruptcy Court]
Although he did not treat the debtor as immaculate, he
thought the order of discharge might be granted subject to
the minimum suspension laid down by the Act—namely,
two years.
b. Exoneration from accusation or blame; ex-
culpation, acquittal, excuse.
1526 Piler. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 160b, It is not sufficyent
tomy discharge. @1557 Mrs. M. Basset tr. A/ore’s Treat.
Hassion Wks. 1373/2 Wold that .. haue serued theym for
theire dyscharge? 1656 Ear: Mono. Adv. Fr. Paruass.
328 He published in his own discharge, those his unfortunate
relations. @ 1716 SourH (J.), Not condemning. . which word
imports properly an acquittance or discharge of a man upon
some precedent accusation. _ 1836 J. Gitnert Chr. A tonem.
i. (1852) 20 His receiving a discharge from guilt.
ec. Dismissal from service, employment, or office.
1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. V/, 139 b, He..nothyng more
coveted and desired then libertie and discharge. 15
Greene Mourn. Garm. (1616) 36 The Seruingmen..brookt
their discharge with patience. r6xx Bisie “ccd. viii, 8
‘There is no discharge in that warre. 1755 M: Tusur-
ances II, 111 If the Master .. give the Mate his Discharge.
1844 Regul. & Ord. Army 195 In the cases of Soldiers who
obtain their Discharge by Purchase, no charge is allowed
by the Public for their passage from abroad.
d. Release from custody, liberaticn.
c 1590 C’rEss Pembroke /’s, Lxvi. vii, I cried to him, my
cry procured My free discharge from all my bandes. 1671
Mitton Samson 1573 Death, who sets all free, Hath paid
his ransom now and full discharge. 1771 Mackenzie J/ax
Freel, xi. (1803) 88 You will receive .. a sum more than suffi-
cient for your husband's discharge. J/od. ‘The magistrate
ordered the discharge of the prisoner as the evidence did
not warrant his committal for trial.
e. concr. Something that frees from obligation ;
esp. a document conveying release from obligation ;
a receipt for the payment of money due, an acquit-
tance; a certificate of freedom from liability.
1495 Act 11 /Ten. VII, c. 54 $ 5 The Kingis lettres under
his pryve seale..shalbe sufficient discharge for the..pay-
ment thereof. 1523 Firzners. Svrv,12b, Than must the
tenaunt shewe a discharge by suffycient writyng, and nat
by wordes, or elles to paye the same. 1640-1 Arrkcudbr.
War Comm, Min, Bk. (1855) 91 Vo call for a sight of the
said discharges and tak coppies thairof. 1719 Dr For
Crusoe 1. xix. (1840) 341, I sent for a notary, and caused him
to draw up a general release or discharge for the four hun-
dred and seventy moidores. 1792 Mrs. C. Samiti Desmond
ILI. 53 He [the steward] is very honest..and I have given
him his discharges, 1866 Crump Banking v. 107 An altera-
tion made by the drawer .. without the consent or know-
ledge of the acceptor, is considered a full discharge to the
acceptor. 1895 7 ves (Weekly Ed.) 16 Aug. 652/2 Sending
up parchment discharge and other documentary evidence
of the .. good conduct of the deceased.
5. The act of clearing off a pecuniary liability ;
payment.
1611 SHAks, Cyd, v. iv. 173 Oh the charity of a penny
Cord..you haue no true Debitor, and Creditor but it: of
what’s past, is, and to come, the discharge. 1688 Pennsylz.
Archives 1, 104 Help us wth some money ffor the Discharge
of the Great Expence wee are at. 1809 JEFFERSON IV 7/t.
(1830) IV. 136 The discharge of the debt, therefore, is vital
to the destinies of our government. 1888 Bryce Amer.
Commw, 11. xliii. 140 Providing for the discharge of exist-
ing liabilities.
6. Fulfilment, performance, execution (ef an ob-
ligation, duty, function, etc.).
1610 Suaxs. Temp. 11. i. 254 An act Whereof what’s past
is Prologue; what to come In yours and my discharge.
1622 R. Hawkins Voy. S. Sea, I know the Spaniard too
too well and the manner of his proceedings in discharge of
promises. 1675 TRAHERNE Chr. Ethics xxx. 478 ‘The dis-
charge of our duty. | 1829 Soutnry Sir 7. More 1. iii, Such
tribute .. rendered, in discharge Of grateful duty. 1845
SrepHen Laws Eng. (1874) Il. 627 The discharge of the
office is, in general, compulsory upon the party chosen. 1883
Law Reports 11 Q. Bench Div. 596 note, In discharge of
his functions as advocate. we
7. +a. The act of sending away; dismissal. Ods.
b. Law. Dismissal or reversal of an order of a
court.
1677 Gitpin Devonol. (1867) 430 Positive discharges, like
that of Christ in the same case, ‘Get thee hence, Satan’.
1892 Sir N, Linptey in Law Vimes Rep. UXVIIL. 150/1
The discharge of the order. .ought not to be granted except
upon the terms of bringing the money into court.
8. Arch. The relieving some part of a building
of superincumbent weight; coc. a contrivance
for effecting this. (Cf. DISCHARGE 7. 7.)
1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 159 A Brick-wall ora Post
trim'd up to a piece of Timber over charg’d for its Bearing,
is a Discharge to that Bearing. 1823 P. NicuoLson Pract,
Build, 222 Discharge, a post trimmed up under a beam, or
part of a building which is weak. A
9. Dyeing, etc. The act or process of removing
the colour with which a textile fabric is charged.
b. concr. A composition or mixture used for this
purpose, (Cf. DISCHARGE v. 12.)
1836 Penny Cycl. VI. 155/1 Calico-printing, Discharges
are of two kinds: the simple, and the compound or mor-
danted. did. 155/2 Compound discharges not only remove
the mordant from the ground. . but introduce a new mordant
on the discharged points, 1854 J. ScorreRN in O77’s Circ.
Sc. Chem, 422 Some varieties of calico-printing by the pro-
cess of discharge. 1874 W. Crookes Pract. Handbk. Dyeing
317 By the word discharge is desi d any d
mixture which has the property of bleachin
away, the colour already communicated to a fal
10. attrib. and Comb.
1836 Penny Cyc. V1. 15/8 The goods..are..impressed
with the discharge paste by means of the engra block
= . or
‘a vor taking
ric.
DISCHARGEABLE.
bai cylinder, /bid. 155/2 bray orm Foe aor as iotansiod ie
the discharge process. aily Le uly, is
charge culverts, through which the sew: z poured into
the river, are visible only at the time of low-water. 1874
Kuicur Dict. Mech., Discharge-valve, in marine engines,
a valve covering the top of the air-pump, opening when
pressed from beneath. 1891 R. Kirtinc City Dreadf. Nt.
26 His statements tally with the discharge-certificate of the
United States.
Dischargeable (dis)t{a:1dzab’l), a. rare. [f.
DISCHARGE v. + -ABLE.] Capable of being dis-
charged; in quot., liable to be paid for (see Dis-
CHARGE 2, 10 b).
1781 T. Jerrerson Lett. Writ. 1893 II. 514 And we will
give you moreover 150 lbs. of Tobacco a Day each discharge-
able in current money at the rate affixed by the grand Jury.
mr Ey ies (dis,tfaadzd), Ap/. a. [f. as prec.
+ -ED1.] Freed from a charge, load, obligation,
etc. ; exonerated, released, dismissed, emitted, etc.
Discharged Living, (in Ch. of Engl.) a benefice that is
exempt from the payment of First-fruits, its value having
been returned in the Liber Regis of K. Henry VIII as less
than £10, Cf. DiscHarcE 7, 2, quot. 1786.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P, R. xu. Introd. (Tollem. MS.),
Fowles of praye, pat ben dischargid of wey3te of flesche, and
fleb most hy3e. 1483 Cath, Angl. 100 Discharged, exrone-
vatus, 1631 May tr. Barclay's Mirr, Mindes u. 36 Of such
men .. the labour ..is precious, as filling their discharged
mindes with a new strength, 1719 De For Crusoe (1840) I.
xvi. 280 Laying down the discharged pieces. 1758 J/./’.'s
Let. on R. Navy 35 Dead and discharged Tickets .. are
aed at the Navy-Office, without being chequed. 1786 J.
acon Liber Regis 1253 Livings dacbargee: 1836 [see
DiscuarcE sb. 9). x . Garnett in Proc. Philol. Soc.
IV. 179 In the same degree that a magnetized steel bar
differs from an ordinary one, or a charged Leyden jar from
a discharged one. 1859 A utobiog. Beggar Bcy 3 My mother's
marriage with a discharged soldier. 1891 Aed/y's P. O.
Direct. Bucks 364/2 Datchet, the living is a discharged
vicarage, net yearly value £ 306.
Discharger (<is,t{a-sdza1).- [f. DiscHarce z.
+-ER!, Cf. F. deschargeur (13th c.).]
1. One who discharges (in various senses; see
the verb),
3533 Exyor Cast, //elthe xii. (R.), Deth is the discharger
of al griefes and myseries. 1585 App. Sanpys Sermz. (1841)
230 A sure discharger of his debts to the uttermost. 1646 Sir
T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. v. 89 By Borax and Butter mixed
in a due proportion; which, sayeth he, will so goe off as
scarce to be heard by the discharger. 1875 Ure's Dict. Arts
I, 288 The discharger..admits the liquor, the air, and the
water. 1892 Labour Commission Gloss., Dischargers,men
in the chemical industry engaged in loading and unloading
waggons.
2. An instrument or appliance for discharging.
sfec. a. An apparatus for producing a discharge of
electricity.
1794 [see DiscHArcE sd. 3b). 1832 Nat. Philos., Electr.
ix. § 136. 37 (Useful Knowl. Soc.) In order to direct the
charge with more certainty. .an apparatus, called the Uni-
versal Discharger, was contrived by Mr. Henley. c 1865
J. Wytpe in Circ. Sc. 1. 179/1 An instrument, called a dis-
charger .. which consists of two brass knobs, fixed to a bent
wire.
b. Dyeing. =DIscHaRcE sé. gb.
In mod, Dicts. |
Discharging (dis\tfaadgin), vdz. sd. [f. as
prec. +-InG!.] ‘The action of the verb DiscHaRrcE
in yarious senses. (Now chiefly gerundial.)
a 1483 Liber Niger in /ouseh. Ord, 29 Bycause of newe
charging and discharging of servants, officers, etc. 1538
Bury Wills (Camden) 135 In dyschargyng of my concyence.
1666 Perys Diary 16 Oct., Orders .. about discharging of
ships. 1762 Gotpsm. Cit. W. lxxxiv. ? 6 Bequeathed .. to
the discharging his debts. 1832 Marsnatt (¢/t/e) On the
Enlisting, A Sichar ing, and the Pensioning of Soldiers.
1890 Pall Mall G. 24 Nov. 6/3 The proposals. .by the large
shipowners to undertake their own ducaraion.
ischa‘rging, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -ING2.]
That discharges : see the verb.
414
the more we gate our forme hemes.
OE Oe i a ee eee a a
DISCIPLE.
1634 Heywoop
Witches Lane. v. Wks. 1874 1V. 255 So they are discharm'd.
18.. Lowe, To W. L. Garrison vy, That thunder’s swell
Rocked Europe, and discharmed the triple crown,
(dis,t{é's), 7. [f. Dis- 7b + CuasE
sb.t 3.] trans. To reduce from the legal status
and condition of a chase to that of ordinary land.
1725-6 Act 12 Geo. J, c. ow An act for dischasing and
disfranchising the chase of rewas Hay.
+ m'ce, v. Obs. rare. [ad. OF. des-
chaucer, -chaucier, -chalcier (12th c. in Littré),
mod.F. déchausser:—L, discalceare, £. Dis- 4+
calceare to shoe, calceus a shoe: cf. DISCALCEATE,
-CALCED, also CHAUSSES.] ¢rans. To divest of
shoes, or of hose.
cxz400 Beryn 471 And perfor, love, dischauce yewe nat till
pis ak sabi - is
Dischayte, obs. erratic form of DeceIT.
2ax1400 Morte Arth. 3790 Sekerly assembles thare one
sevenschore knyghtes, Sodaynly in dischayte by tha salte
strandes. >
+ Dischee‘r,v. Os. rare—'. [D1s- 6.] trans.
To put out of cheer; to distress, dishearten.
1587 Turserv. 7 rag. 741837) 99 An other thing there was,
that most discheerde Her hinefolkes then in place.
Dischest: see Dis- 7.
Dischevel, etc., obs. fornef DIsHEVEL, etc.
+ Dischi'sel, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 6 + CHIseL v.]
trans. To undo the chiselling of. Hence + Dis-
chiselling (dischesiling) v//. sb. \
1652 J. Hatt Height of Eloquence p. xxv, That was meerly
a dischesiling of the general design.
Dischone, obs. Sc. form of Dissunx sd. and v.
Dischort, obs. f. DisHort .Sc., injury, mischief.
+ Dischurch, v. Oés. [f. Dis- 7 + Cnuncu sé.]
1. trans. To deprive (a church) of its character ;
to cause to be no longer a church ; to unchurch.
1629 Br. Hart Reconciler 11 This heresie .. makes Rome
justly odious and execrable .. but cannot utterly dischurch
it. a@1656 — Kem, Wks. (1660) 408 These are enough to
deforme any Church, not enough to dis-church it. 1656 S.
Winter Ser, 37 That Church shall never be dischurched.
2. To exclude or expel (persons) from the church.
1651 C. Cartwricut Cert. Relig. 1. 113 All dis-union of
people is not enough to dis-church them.
Hence Dischu‘rching v4/. sb. and ffl. a.
1680 ALLEN Peace & Unity 51 They were not under the
dischurching cause of as me of the Jews as were dis-
churched. 1695 J. St. N. Widow's Mite 11 The Apostacy
..for which the Judgment of Dischurching came upon them,
t+ Disci‘de, v. Ods. [ad. L. discid-ere (rare)
to cut in pieces, f. Dis- 1+cadére to cut.] f¢rans.
To cut asunder or in pieces ; to cut off or away.
“it. and fig.
1494 Fasyan Chron. vu. 406 No parte of bounte from hym
was discided. 1596 Srensrr /*. Q. 1V. i. 27 Her lying tongue
was in two parts divided.. And as her tongue so was her hart
discided. A. M. tr. Gabethouer’s Bk. Physiche 16/1
Discide from this roote the little eares and iagges. 1679
Prance Addit. Narr. Pop. Plot 34 The distinction of
errante clave..doth at least cut, if not discide that Knot.
Discide, obs. form of DrcipE.
Disciferous (disi-féras), a. Bot. if L. disc-us,
disct-, Disk + -FEROUS.] Bearing a disk or disks.
1883 in Syd, Soc. Lex.
Discifloral (disifld-ral),@, Bot. [f. L. discus,
disct- Disk + -florus flowering, flowered + -aL: cf.
floral.) Waving flowers with the receptacle en-
larged into a conspicucus disk surrounding the
ovary: spec. applied to a series of orders of poly-
petalous exogens (Disciflore in Eng. Bot., ed. 3,
1863) having this character, including Autacex, etc.
1873 Hooker in Le Maont §& Decaisne's Syst. Bot. (App.)
998 Series I1. Discifloral—Sepals distinct or connate, free or
adnate to the ovary—Disk usually conspicuous, as a ring
Discharging arch (Arch.):an arch built in the sub e
of a wall, which relieves a part below it (as a lintel, etc.) from
the superincumbent weight; cf. Discuarce v. 7 and sé, 8;
similarly discharging strut, etc. Discharging rod (Electr.)
= DISCHARGER 2a,
c 1788 Langley's Builder's Compl. Assist. (ed. 4) 152 If ..
there be discharging Struts framed into the Beams and Prick
Posts .. they will discharge the principal Rafters from the
greatest Part of the whole Weight. 1797 Alouthly Mag. I11.
301 The spirit b sooner d d, before it reaches
h or spread over the base of the calyx-tube, or
confluent with the base of the ovary. i
Disciform (di:siffim), a. [f. L. déscus (see
prec.) + -ForM.] Having the form of a disk ; disk-
shaped, discoidal.
1830 Linney Nat. Syst. Bo!, 134 Stamens. .inserted round
the of the stalk of the calyx, which is sometimes disci-
form, 1874 Cooke /'ungi 167 ‘The one is a cylinder as long
as it is broad, the other is disciform, Brake Zool. 200
the discharging cock. 1812 J. Smyru Pract. of C
(1821) p. viii, Copious instructions for the discharging Offi-
cers, 1814-6 J. Smitu Panorama Sc. & Art Il. 137 The
condenser and the discharging-pump communicate by
means of a horizontal pipe containing a valve opening to-
wards the pump. 1819 P. Nicnotson Arch. Dict., Dis-
charging Arches, rough brick or stone arches, built over the
woods intels of apertures, 1819 Pantologia s.v. Electrical
Battery, Care should be taken not to touch the wires .. be-
fore the discharging rod be repeatedly applied to its sides.
1856 Kane Arct. Expl. I, xii. 135 An icy wall, which con-
stantly threw off its discharging bergs. 1858 Archit, Pud.
Soc. Dict. Discharging piece, strut, etc, a piece of
timber so placed as to dod rge any weight, in framing or
shoring, upon a better point of support. 1875 Ure's Dict.
Arts, 1. 288 The bleaching or discharging liquor.
ty sb.: sce Dis- 9.
Discharm (dis;t{a-1m), v. [ad. OF. deschar-
mer, décharmer to free from enchantment (15th c.
in Littré), f. des-, Dis- 4 + charmer to CHARM]
intr. and trans. To undo a charm; to free from
the influence of.a charm or enchantment.
1480 Caxton Ovid's Met. xiv. vii, The more she discharmed,
‘The Torpedoes have the body covered with naked unarmed
skin, disciform, and rounded.
Discigerous (disidgéras), a. Bor.
+-GEROUS.] Bearing a disk or disks.
1872 Nicnotson Palvont. 489 Porous, discigerous, or
pseudo-scalariform tissue, 1877 Le Conte Elem. Geol. v.
347 Known to be conifers by the exogenous structure of the
trunk, together with the discigerous tissue of the
Disci'nct, a. rare, [ad. L. discinctus, pa,
pple. of discingére to ungird.] Ungirt (Zit, & fig:).
1647 Trarr Comm. Luke xii. loose, discinct, and dif-
[f. as prec.
enchain Whole Nati h di i
a pt Bovis G), Conrctions 30 fer sgwngiin faves ps
our fing
Discipher, obs. form of DecipHER v.
Disciple (disaip’1), sb, Forms: 1-4 discipul,
2-3 diciple, 3-4 deciple, -cipil, -cyple, desciple,
-pil, 4 desiple, disiple, dissiple, -pil, 4-6 dis-
cipil(l, 5 dycyple, dysciple, -cyple, ’
ull, 6 diseyple, 3- disciple. [In
i
dyssyple, -syp apd :
OE. discipul, ad. L. discipul-us learner, pupil,
f. discére to learn. In early ME. di-, deciple, a.
OF. deciple, semi-popular ad. L. discipul-us. Both
in OF. and ME., deciple was gradually conformed
to the L. spelling as déscif/e; ME. had occasional
variants in -2/, -y/, -ul.]
1. Onewho follows or attends upon another for the
pu of learning from him ; a pupil or scholar.
It not been at any period in English the ordinary term
for scholar or pupil, as discipulus was in Latin; but has
come into use through the New Testament versions, bein;
applied chiefly to the Twelve Disciples of Jesus Christ,
used in similar Scriptural applications or later extensions of
them. Hence the sense-development in Eng. is not that of
Latin, where the order of sub-senses was d, c, a, b. “
a. One of the personal followers of Jesus Christ
during his life; esp. one of the Twelve.
Rare in OE. the word in Ags. Gospels being deorning-
cniht, in Lindisf. Gl. usually deizn.
c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxvii. 57 Summ monn .. Se dis-
cipul was das halendes. cx1200 77in. Coll. Hom. 101 Ure
louerd stod among his diciples. a 1225 Ancr. R. 106 He
biheold hu his deore deciples fluen alle vrom him. ¢1380.Sir
Ferumb. 5733 Suppe sente pe holy gost To ys decyples he
louede most. 1382 Wyciir Yokn xix. 38 Ioseph of Armathi
.. was a disciple of Ihesu, forsothe priuey, for the drede of
lewis. 1538 Deekae England 1. ii, 40 Al Chrystys dys-
cypullys and apostyllys were sympul and pore. 1611 Brste
Luke x. (heading), Christ sendeth out, at once, seuenty dis-
ciples to worke miracles. 1667 Mu.ton P. L, xu. 438 His
Disciples, Men who in his Life Still follow’d him. 1850
Ropertson Sevm, 1. xvi. 242 One disciple who had dipped
in the same dish .. deceived and betrayed him,
b. Alsoapplied intheN. T. to the early Christians
sorely: hence, in religious use, aéso/. a professed
ollower of Christ, a Christian or believer, (Hence
sense 3.)
¢1380 Wycur De Dot. Eccl. ii. Sel. Wks. III. 433 Crist seib
pat noo man may be his discipul but 3if he renunce alle
siche pingis. 1388 — Acts xi. 26 The disciplis weren namyd
first at Antioche cristen men. ggg obey Acts xx.7
The —— came to geder for to breake breed.
Hieron Wks. 1. 384 If a true disciple, a true Christian ; if
but a formall disciple, surely but a hollow Christian. | 1853
Ropertson Serm. u. xix. 244 To the true disciple a mirac!
only manifests the Power and Love which are silently at
work everywhere. 1890 J. Hunter Devot, Services, Dedic.
Serv., You are gathered here .. to take upon the
obligations of Christ’s disciples. ” a
ce. A personal follower or pupil of any religious
or (in more recent use) other teacher or master.
(This passes almost imperceptibly into sense 2.)
(Rare in OE, ; see a.)
cgoo Bada’s Hist. v. ix. (842) 410 An Sara brodra, se wes
iu on Breotene Bosles discipul and begn. a1300 Cursor M,
21199 (Cott.) Lucas was .. disciple o paule ai foluand fer.
1382 Wycuir /sa. viii. 16 Marke the lawe in my disciples.
— Matt, xxii. 16 Thanne Pharisees .. senden to hym her
disciples, with Erodyanys. — Luke vii. 19 And bee clepide
to gidere tweyne of his disciples, and sente to Ihesu. 1393
Gower Conf. III. 374 (MS. Harl. 3490) And grete we!
Chaucer, w ye mete, As my disciple and my poete.
Nucent Gr. Tour France IV. 90 The roy po painted in
fresco, by Fr R Ili, a disciph Peter of Cor,
tona. ‘Turecwatt Greece IL, a3 His fellow-citizen,
friend, and disciple, the ag 1 fc Zeno.
d. generally. A scholar or pupil. (Now arch.,
rhet., affected, or jocular, or with conscious refer-
ence to c.) pee *
Caxton Fa: mes: 1X inges seme dyfficy!
“2 dysciple =. pots Bucuanan Reform. St.
Andros Wks. (1892) 11 Nor 3it sal it be leful to the said
agogis to ding thair disciples, 1758 Jortin Life Erasmus
. 32 Mountjoy, who was formerly my we —~
me a yearly pension of an hundred crowns. lod, 1 am
afraid you may not find him a very apt disciple.
2. One who follows, or is influenced by, the doc-
trine or example of another; one who belongs to
the ‘school’ of any leader of thought. [An exten-
sion of 1c, or fig. from 1 a. :
a1300 Cursor M. Le 9 (Cott.) Pai spitted on his luueli
face, paa disciplis of hell dis-
cipill of Judas, Maknab, a fals tratour.
Pol. w. Vii. (1611) 139 To become disci
hatefull sort that liue, an ee en, VITL, vy. iii. 112
‘This man, whose honesty the Diuell And his Disciples onely
ony, at. aes Appison Sfect, No. 163 ? 4, lam — of your
354A
fluent mind is unfit to serve God. 1656 Biount Glossogr.,
Discinct, ungirded, dissolute, negligent. 1846 Lanpor Hks,
(1868) I Bsa In the country I walk and wander about
So + Disci‘ncture, ungirding (o0ds.).
1610 Guitum Heraldry (1660) 1. vi. 67 The depriving of
the Belt. .tearmed, the discincture or ungirding.
Disci'nd, v. Obs, [ad. L. discind-dre to tear
or cleave asunder, divide, f. di- Di-! + scindére to
tear, rend.] ¢rans, To tear asunder, cleave, sever,
divide, separate.
discinct.
ples, to live up to Ru
James Woodman xxx, All who are d of
your horses. 1868G. Durr Pod. Surv. 75 M. Pierre
Pahtte and his
English disci, Chr. World 16 Nov.
Baas An adtanned heist of the scheel of the late Professor
Green, of whom he was a pupil and is a eis
3. f/. The name of a denomination of Christians,
a branch of the Baptists, which originated in the
= of the 19th c, and is chiefly found in the
United States; called also Campbellites. [A
specific application of 1 b.]
DISCIPLE.
iy ie Garpner Faiths World 1. 718/t The Lp os of
the Disciples have found their way into England and Wales
.. and the census of 1851 contains a return of three congre-
ions or churches calling th Ives by the name of the
isciples of Christ. 1867 Even. Standard 19 Nov., A new
sect is attracting some attention in this city. Its members
give themselves the name of ‘the Disciples’. They profess
a religion most neg and simple. 188x W. M. Tuaver
Log-Cab. to White Ho. ii, Abram Garfield .. united with a
comparatively new sect, called Disciples, though Campbell-
ites was a name by which they were sometimes known,
4. Comb.
1641 Mitton Reform, u. Wks. (1847) 17 Honoured as a
father and physician to the soul, with a sonlike and disciple-
like reverence. 1823 Bentnam Not Paul 392 Apparatus
employed by him in his trade of disciple-catcher.
Disciple, v. Nowrare orarch, [f. prec. sb.:
in sense 3 in earlier use in the form DIspPLE; cf.
disciple, as stressed by Spenser.]
+1. trans. To teach, train, educate. Obs.
1596 Spenser /. Q.1v. Introd. i, Fraile youth is oft to follie
led .. That better were in vertues discipled. 1601 Suaks,
Alls Well 1. ii. 28 He did looke farre Into the seruice of the
time, and was Discipled of the brauest. 1662 HicKERINGILL
Wks, (1716) I. 303 Every hypocrite can afford to disciple
himself thereunto. 1681 W. NicHotson Exp. Catech, 183
To disciple, or enter into a School to be taught.
2. To make a disciple of ; to convert to the doc-
trine of another. Now rare or arch.
1647 Sattmarsu Sparkl. Glory (1847) 26, I Disciple those
Nations, and Baptize them with the Hoty Ghost in your
ministration, 1651 Baxter /2/. Baft. 29 When the parents
are by teaching made Disciples, the Children are thereby
Discipled also. @1g7xx Ken Hymns Evang. Poet.Wks. 1721
I. 179 Go out with Zeal, Disciple all Mankind. 1862 NraLe
Hymas East. Ch. 36 That every race beneath the skies They
should disciple and baptize, .
+3. To subject to discipline; to chastise, cor-
rect, punish. Oés.
1492, 1563, etc. [see DispLE]. 1607 WALKINGTON Oft, Glass
; Let us so disciple our selves that each one may throughly
now himselfe. 1622 Drayton Po/y-olb. xxiv. (1748) 356
Alban. . who, strongly discipled In Christian patience, learnt
his tortures to appease. 1651 N. Bacon Disc. Govt, Eng.
Ixix. 289 He was discipled with rods three times.
Hence Disci‘pling v4/. sb. and A/V. a.
@1617 Hieron Whs, II. 482, I must marshall Christs Dis-
ciples into two ranks: the first I may call for this once
discipling Disciples; that is, such as haue a calling to call
others vnto Christ ; plainely, Ministers. a 1638 Mrpe Disc.
Rev, iii. 19 Wks. (1672) 1. 296 Such a correction as.. we
use to call a discipling, a punishment of discipline. 1697
Cour Zss. Mor. Subj. I. (1709) 161 None but Mr. Hobs, and
some few of his Discipling. 1713 Beverince Priv. 7h. 1,
1730) 65 Discipling, or bringing the Nations over to the
'rofession of the Christian Religion. 1812 Sourney Ov-
niana I, 2 Such penances, such fasting, such discipling.
+ Disci‘plehood. Ods. [f. Disciptr 5d, +
-HooD. OE, had déscipulhdd.] The condition or
<7 ty a disciple; =next.
[ec Beda’s Hist, w. xxviii. [xxvii]. (1891) 362 Disses
discipulhada Cudbyrht wes eadmodlice underpeoded.]
ax4o0 Gloss. in Rel. Ant. 1. 6 Discifulatus, a discipylhod.
¢1449 Pecock Refr. 295 Euydence that Crist here clepid
this 3ong man into Apostilhode or vnto Disciplehode. 1697
State of Philadelph. Soc. 7 Great and glorious Ends, worthy
of a true Disciplehood of tens Christ.
Discipleship. [f. Discrete sd. + -suip.] ‘The
state or function of a disciple, or follower of a
master’ (J.).
1549 Latimer 6¢4 Serm. Edw. VJ, (Arb.) 177 [He] dyd
it not onely to allure them to hys discipleshippe, but also
for our commoditye. 1607 Hieron HWss. I. 384 Such as is
a mans disciple-ship, such is his christianity. 1710 Norris
Chr. Prud. viii. 355 Wisdom ., invites us to come into her
Discipleship. 1832 Cartyie in Fraser's Mag. V. 383 The
old reverent feeling of Discipleship..had passed utterly
away. 1889 SwinsuRNE S‘udy B. Fonson 98 No Lydgate
or Lytton was ever more obsequious in his discipleship,
+ Disci‘pless. Ods. [f. Discrp.e sd. + -xss.]
A female disciple.
1382 Wyciir Acts ix. 36 In Ioppe was sum disciplisse, bi
name Tabyta. cx1410 aes Ps ndailg Mirr. xliv. (Gibbs
MS. 95) Mawdeleyne pe trewe louede dyscyplesse. 1548
UpaAtt, etc. Erasm, Par. Luke viii. 88 b, Joanna y° wife of
Chusa.. became a disciplesse vnto Christ. 161 Speep
Hist. Gt, Brit. vit. xxxi. (1632) 376 She was afterwards recom-
mended to a Disciplesse of the said Lady.
Disciplinable (disiplinab’l), a. [ad. L. dis-
ciplinabil-is to be learnt by teaching, f. désctp/i-
na@re to instruct; see DIScIPLINE v. and -BLE. Cf,
F. disciplinable, 15th c. in Hatz.-Darm.]
1. Amenable to discipline or teaching; capable
of being instructed ; docile.
1542 Upatt Erasm. Apoph. 196, Of Elephantes, how disci-
plinable and of how greate prudence, docilitee and. .capacitee
and aptitude thei are. 1559 Asp. Parker Corr. 63 If ye
see ought in my quire worth reformation ye know I am
disciplinable. 1639 Marcomnes in Lismore Papers Ser. 11.
(2888) IV, ror Your hopefull sons ., are very noble, vertuous,
discret and disciplinable. to Mitt Diss. & Disc. (1859)
Il. 146 Instead of the most disciplinable one of the most
intractable races among mankind. 1889 Tem/le Bar Mag.
Nov. 406 Lads. . who were disciplinable to take a special line.
+2. Of or pertaining to instruction ; disciplinary.
1644 Dicy Nat, Bodies u. ix. (1645) 84 Those Philo-
Sophers, who in a disciplinable way search into nature,
1677 Have Prim. Orig. Man. 311 Animals. .are advanceable
| ndustry and disciplinable Acts to a great perfection.
. Subject or liable to discipline or correction.
1870 ANDERSON Missions Amer. Bad. Xl. xix. 1 35 [They]
aint their g as Christians, and avoided
all disciplinable offences,
415
Hence Disciplinableness, the quality of being
amenable to discipline ; docility.
1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man, 1. i. 16 We find in Animals
+, something of Sagacity, Providence, Disciplinableness.
Disciplinal (di'siplinal, disiploi‘nal), a. [ad.
med.L, disciplinal-ts (Du Cange), f. disciplina
DISCIPLINE : see -AL.]
+1. =DIscrpLinaBLE I. Ods.
@1628 Preston New Cort. (1634) 144 Those two [seeing
and hearing] are the only disciplinal senses we have.
2. Of, belonging to, or of the nature of discipline.
1853 E. J. Suernerp 37d Let, to Dr. Maitland 9 By
strong expositions of disciplinal views. 1855 BrimLey ss.
16 (Zennyson) Pain that serves no disciplinal aim, 1863
M. Pattison Seri. (1885) 88 The.. struggle of the dis-
ciplinal system of education against the doctrinal. 188z
Fitcu Lect, Teaching iv. 107 One of the hardest of the
disciplinal problems of a boarding-school is the regulation
of the employments of Sunday, /d7d. ix, 256 All study of
language 1s in itself disciplinal.
Disciplinant. [a. Sp. dsciplinantes (pl.), or
It. disctplinanti (pl.) ‘a religious order of such as
will scourge themselues’ (Florio 1598), sbst. use
of pr. pple. of med.L, désczflindrve to chastise, cor-
rect, beat with rods (Du Cange).]
One who subjects himself to a course of discipline ;
spec. a member of a religious order in Spain, who
publicly scourged themselves by way of discipline.
1620 SHELTON Quix. 1v. xxv. II. 277 Presently he ’spy’d,
descending froma certain Height, several Men apparell’d in
white, like Disciplinants. 1718 Morreux Quiv.(1733) II. 297
The Disciplinants lifting up their Hoods and grasping fas'
their Whips, as the Priests did their Tapers. 1766 SMout
Trav. 242 The very disciplinants, who scourge themselves
in the Holy-Week, are generally peasants or parties hired
for the purpose, 1881 Durriecp Dox Quix. III. Ixxi. 699,
I have no mind to catch cold, which is the danger run by
all new disciplinants.
Disciplinarian (di:sipliné-rian), a. and sé.
[f. as DiscrpLinary + -AN.]
A. adj. 1. Ch. Hist. Of or pertaining to the
Disciplinarians (see B, 1) ; Presbyterian.
1593 Aur. Bancrort Surv. Discipline iii. 56 Those Disci-
plinarian practises. /é¢d. xix. 215 ‘The Papistes..and our
disciplinarian men. 1598 Couspir. Pretended Ref. 98 Doe
not many of the Disciplinarian veine despise and condemne
all helpes of good Artes? 1654 H. L'Esrrance Chas. [
(1655) 157 The hole Parliament (whereof some members
began now to incline to the Disciplinarian Sect). 1889 A. H.
Dryspate Hist. Preshyter. Eng. i. iv. 223 The Disci-
plinarian or Presbyterian party was extinct.
2. Of or pertaining to discipline ; disciplinary.
1640 Sir E. Derine SP. on Relig. 18 Dec. vi. 22 The other
three are disciplinarian in the present way of Novellisme.
1678 Owen Mind of God viii. 215 The Second sort of means
I call Disciplinarian. 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 141 5
My tutor... after a few months began to relax the muscles
of disciplinarian moroseness. 1876 Moztey Univ. Sern,
iv. 89 The self-made trial is a poor disciplinarian weapon,
B. sd.
1. Ch. Hist. A name applied to the Puritans of
the Elizabethan age, who aimed at establishing the
Genevan or Presbyterian ecclesiastical polity or
‘discipline’ in England; see DiscrpLinE 6 b.
1585-7 I’. Rocers 39 Art. (1607) 331 The erroneous and
evil minds .. Of the late schismatics, namely .. The Dis-
ciplinarians or Puritans among ourselves. 1639 SANDERSON
Serm. II. 33 All sectaries pretend to scripture; papists,
anabaptists, disciplinarians, 1673 R. Leicu 7vansp. Reh.
98 Bishop Bramhall speaking of the Scotch Disciplinarians.
1886 J. H. Biunr Dict. Sects 125 At one time the Disci-
plinarians had so much expectation of carrying out their
plans as openly to express their conviction that Parker
would be the last archbishop of Canterbury.
2. One who enforces discipline (in an army,
school, family, etc.).
1639 Futter Holy War w. xii. (1647) 189 He, being a strict
Disciplinarian, would punish their vitious manners. 1705
Hearne Collect. 7 Dec., He was like to prove a good Dis-
ciplinarian, 1742 Fiecpinc ¥. Andrews ut. v, Because one
man scourges twenty or thirty boys more in a morning than
another, is he therefore a better disciplinarian? 1835
Auison Hist. Europe (1854) 1V. xxii. 20 A severe ., disci-
plinarian .. he yet secured the affections of .. his .. men.
1882 B. M. Croker Proper Pride I. ii. 18 A strict disci-
plinarian, and a most excellent teacher.
3. An upholder or advocate of strict discipline.
1746 Westey Princ. Methodist 32 Nor did the strictest
Disciplinarian scruple suffering me to exercise those Powers
wherever I came, 1859 Mitt Liberty i. 29 A despotism of
society over the individual, surpassing anything contem-
plated in the political ideal of the most rigid disciplinarian
among the ancient philosophers. .
Hence Disciplina‘rianism, the principles and
practice of a disciplinarian.
1872 Syp. Mostyn Perplexity II. iii. 56 The house was
full of the suggestions of disciplinarianism.
Disciplinarily, adv. rare. [f. next + -Ly 2.]
In the way of discipline.
1706 A. Suietps /uguiry Ch. Communion (1747) 26 No
church would censure disciplinarily all guilty of epidemick
backslidings.
Disciplinary (di'siplinari), a. (sd.). [ad. med.
L. disciplinart-us, f. disciplina DISCIPLINE: see
-ary 1,” Cf. It. désctplinario (1598 Florio) and F.
disciplinaire (1611 Cotgr.).]
1. Relating to ecclesiastical discipline. +b. spec.
in 16-17th c. = DISCIPLINARIAN @, I.
1593 Aur. Bancrorr Surv. Discipline xviii. 198 Of the
DISCIPLINE, :
disagreement about the new disciplinarie Deacons. Jdid.
xix. 226 Amongest the Disciplinary brotherhoode. 1640
R. Baie Canterb. Self-Convict. 89 This to him ., is
doctrinall Puritanisme, much worse than disciplinary. 1641
T. Epwarps Reasons agst. Independ. Ep. Ded. 2 The
chiefe question is about the ., discipline of the Church, and
our Controversie may fitly be tearmed the Disciplinary
Controversie. 1702 C. Marner Magn. Chr. 1. v. (1853) I.
75 A few disciplinary points which are confessed indifferent
by the greatest zealots for them. 1719 J. ‘I’. Puiiprs tr,
34 Confer. 349 There is no disciplinary Institution observed
among these Christians.
2. Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of discipline ;
promoting discipline or orderly observance of rules,
1598 FLorio, Discipiinario, disciplinarie, pertaining to
discipline or correction. @161z Donne Bradavaros (1644)
27 A man which undertook an austere and disciplinary
taming of his body by fasts or corrections. 1825 CoLerIDGE
Aids Refi. (1848) 1. 303 That watchful and disciplinary love
and loving-kindness, which .. Christ himself had enjoined.
1865 Sat. Rev. 2 Sept. 298/2 The internal disciplinary
regulations of the celebrated seminary of Bonn savour a little
of barbarism, 1866 Law Times’ Rep. LIL. 665/1 All these
restrictions are merely disciplinary, and do not affect the
tenancy.
b. Of a person: Given to enforcing discipline.
ax6or Bacon Lett. to Earl of Essex (V.), It may make
you in your commandments rather to be gracious than
disciplinary,
3. Pertaining to the acquirement of learning or
mental training.
1644 Mitton /:duc. Wks. 1738 I. 139 The Studies wherin
our noble and our gentle Youth ought to bestow their time
in a disciplinary way from twelve to one and twenty, 1864
Bowen Logic li. 39 Encumbered it with a mass of disci-
plinary precepts. 1869 J. Martineau £ss, IL. 27 An excel-
lent disciplinary instrument for the formation of character.
+4. Acquired by learning. Ods. rare.
1647 Trav Comm, Phil. iii. 10 A naturall man may have
a disciplinary knowledge of Christ, that is, by hear-say, as
a blinde man hath of colours, not an intuitive. 1658 BaxTER
Saving Faith vi. 36 ‘Temporary Believers may have more
then this meer Disciplinary knowledge. /d¢d. 37 He saith
that one sort of knowledge is Disciplinary..and the other is
Intuitive.
+B. 56. =DISCIPLINARIAN 50, 1. Ods. rare.
1585-7 Rocers 39 Art. (1607) 271 Such adversaries in our
time be the ., Disciplinaries (usually termed Puritans).
+ Di'sciplinate, v. Obs. [f. L. désciplinat-
ppl. stem of disc’plindre to DISCIPLINE.] ¢rans.
‘To subject to instruction or discipline ; to discipline.
Hence Di-sciplinated ///. a., -ating v/. sd.
a1586 Sipney Wanstead Play Arcadia, etc, (1613) 571
A Pedagogue, one not a little versed in the disciplinating of
the iuuentall frie. @ 1624 Br, M. Smivu Seva. (1632) 125 She
is faine to teach them, and disciplinate them. 1633 AMES
Agst. Cerem. 1. 203 As if those of our disciplinating were
so conceyted. 1647 Warp Simple Cod. 43, L have.. seen
. such Epidemicall and lethall formality in other dis-
ciplinated Churches.
+ Disciplina‘tion. O¢s.vave—'. [ad. med.
L. disciplination-em, n. of action from disceplinare :
see prec.] Subjection to discipline.
1673 F. Kirkman Unlucky Citizen 280 These were they
that had passed under his Disciplination.
Disciplina:tive, z. vare. [f. L. ppl. stem
disciplinat-; sce -ATIVE.] =next.
1792 I. Taytor Comm. Proclus 1, 82 Disciplinative science.
1855 SMEDLEY Occult Sciences 8 The good they contain is
not disciplinative but mystic.
Disciplinatory (disipling':tori, -ploinatori), a.
[ad. med. L. désezplinatori-us (Du Cange) : see
prec. and -ory.] Tending to promote discipline.
1851 I. Taytor Wesley (1852) 255 His abhorrence of
laxities ..led him to adopt a complicated disciplinatory
system. 1853 Lyncu Sel//mprov. ili. 62 ‘There are .. Ele-
mentary and Disciplinatory books. 1865 Sfectator 28 Jan.
102/2 Education is not merely disciplinatory nor useful, but
should combine both objects.
Discipline (di'siplin), 5, Also 4 dici-, 4-6
disci-, discy-, 4-7 dissi-, dyssy-, dyssi-, 5
dyscy-, -pline, -plyne. [a. F. déscipline (OF.
also dece-, dese-, desce-, 11th c. in Hatz.-Darm.),
ad. L. désc?plina instruction of disciples, tuition,
for discipulina, f. désctpulus pupil, DISCIPLE.
Etymologically, discipline, as pertaining to the disciple
or scholar, is antithetical to doctrine, the property of the
doctor or teacher ; hence, in the history of the words, doc-
trine is more concerned with abstract theory, and discipline
with practice or exercise.] <
+1. Instruction imparted to disciples or scholars ;
teaching ; learning; education, schooling. Ods.
1382 Wycur Prov. iii. 4 Thou shalt finde grace, and good
discipline [1388 teching] befor God and men. c1s10 Bar-
cay Mirr. Gd. Manners (1570) F vj, If thou haue in greke
had all thy discipline, To dispute in latin what needeth
thee to seeke. 1548 Hatt Chron., Edw. 1V, 223b, He
firste holpe his awne young scholers, to attein to discipline,
and for them he founded a solempne schoole at Eton, 1606
Suaxs. 7~. & Cr. u. iii. 31 Heauen blesse thee from a
Tutor, and Discipline come not neere thee! 1615 Stow’s
Annals (1631) 307/2 Apt to ull offices of worthinesse, if in
his child-hood hee had not wanted discipline.
b. A particular course of instruction to dis-
ciples.
Discipline of the Secret (a translation of modern L, dsci-
plina arcéni, used by Tentzel and Schelstrate 1683-5): a
term of post-Reformation controversy, applied to modes of
procedure held to have been observed in the early Church
in gradually teaching the mysteries of the Christian faith to
neophytes, and in concealing them from the uninitiated,
1620-55 I. Jones Stone-Heng (1725) 9 They communicated
DISCIPLINE.
nothing, but to those of their own ee taking i
Order. .their Discipline might not be divulged. 1833 Rock
a ata ee ¢ Discipline of the Secret. 1885
Ci Dict, Discipline of the Secret a convenient
name for the custom which prevailed in the early Church
of ling from heathen and h the more
sacred and mysterious doctrines and rites of. .religion.
2. A branch of instruction or education; a de-
partment of learning or knowledge ; a science or
art in its educational aspect. arch.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Can, Yeom, Prol. & T. 700 Assaye in
myn absence This disciplyne and this crafty science. 1§00-
20 Dunsar Poems Ixy. 4 To speik of science, craft, or
sapience. . Off euerie study, lair, or discipline. 1549 Cover-
DALE, etc. Erasm, Par. Eph. 11. 2 Being singularely
learned in humayne disciplines, ye haue excelled other
sortes of men euer vnto this day. 1597 Morey Jnutrod,
Mus, 184 Yet tearmeth he musick a perfect knowledge of
al sciences and disciplines. 1 Z. Coxe Logick (1657) 2
Objective disciplines be .. principally four. 1 Theologie.
2 Testareiioncs: 3 Medicine. 4 Philosophy. 1685 Boyie
Eng. Notion Nat. 375 Acquainted with Physico-Mathe-
matical Disciplines, such as Opticks, Astronomy, Hydro-
staticks, and Mechanicks. 174: MippLeton Cvcero I. vi.
454 Skill'd in all the Tuscan heey peers of interpretin
rtentous events. 1844 Emerson Lect. New Eng. Reh
Wks, (Bohn) I. 266 The culture of the mind in those dis-
ciplines to which we give the name of education. 1864
Burton Scot Aér. 11.i. 48 Professors of arts and disciplines
at Paris. rig Bet Gegenbaur’s Comp, Anat. 1 The de-
partment of Science which has organic nature for its in-
vestigations, breaks up into two great divisions, Botany
and Zoology .. The two disciplines together form the
science of living nature.
3. Instruction having for its aim to form the
pupil to proper conduct and action; the training
of scholars or subordinates to proper and orderly
action by instructing and exercising them in the
same; mental and moral training; also used jig.
of the training effect of experience, adversity, etc.
1434 Misyn Mending of Life 112 Qwhat is disciplyne bot
settyng of maners or correctynge?.. be disciplyne we ar
taght rightwysnes, & of ill correctyd. 1607 Bacon Ess.
Marriage & Single L. (Arb.) 268 Certainely wife and
children are a kind of discipline of humanity. 1697 DrypDEN
Virg. Georg. Wt. 323 The pamper’d Colt will Discipline
disdain. 1733 STEELE Englishman No, 7. 46 Clowns under
the Discipline of the Dancing-Master. 1736 Butter Anad.
1. v. Wks. 1874 1.85 The present life was intended to be
a state of discipline for a future one. 1741 MIpDLETON
Cicero 1. v1. 461 Caelius..was a young Gentleman. .trained
under the discipline of Cicero himself. MAacauLay
Hist. Eng. U1. 240 A mind on which all the discipline of
experience and adversity had been exhausted in vain. 1857
Ruskin Pol. Econ. Art i. (1868) 23 The notion of Discipline
and Interference lies at the root of all human progress or
power, 1862 Sir B. Bropie Psychol. /nq. 11. v. 177 No part
of early education is more important than the discipline of
the imagination. 1892 Westcott Gosfel of Life 270 Every
sorrow and pain is an element of discipline.
b. spec. Training in the practice of arms and
military evolutions; drill. Formerly, more widely:
Training or skill in military affairs generally ;
military skill and experience; the art of war. (Cf.
sense 2.)
1489 Caxton Faytes of A.1. i. 3 Rules, techyngs and
dyscyplyne of armes. 1555 Even Decades 21 A man not
ignorant in the disciplyne of warre. 1602 Warner A /é,
Eng. 1x. xlvi. (1612) 216 Martialists in Discipline and order-
ing their war. 1659 B. Harris Parival’s Iron Age 41
School of war ., where all the Martiall Spirits resorted, to
learn Discipline, and to put it in practice. 1775 R. H. Lee
in Sparks Corr. Amer. Rev. (1853) I. 52 Without discipline
armies are fit only for the contempt and slaughter of their
enemies. 1776 Gipson Decl. § F. I. 297 It was the rigid
attention of Aurelian, even to the minutest articles of Re
cipline, which bestowed such uninterrupted success on his
arms.
+e. A course of training. Ods.
1577 B. Gooce Heresbach's Husb, wt. (1586) 153 The
knowledge of keeping cattell hath a discipline, wherein
aman must from his very Childhood be brought up. —
Evetyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 188 By such an Oeconomy an
Discipline, as our Industrious Gardiner may himself be
continualy improving. 1683 Brit, Spec. 40 To those .. who
«- underwent the Severities of a long and tedious Discipline.
4. The orderly conduct and action which result
from training; a trained condition.
1509 Fisner un, Serm. C'tess. Richmond Wks. (1876) 290
The comparyson of them two may be made .. In nobleness
of Persone, in di lyne of theyr bodyes, 1gsr ‘T. Witson
Logike (1580) 15 b, The polliticall lawe doeth cause an out-
ward discipline to be observed, even of the wicked. 1611
Biste 7ransi, Pref. 1 Seeking to reduce their Countrey-
men to good order and discipline. 1728 Newton Chronod.
Amended iv, 312 He ., reduced the irregular and undis-
ciplined forces of the Medes into discipline and order.
1781 Gisson Deed, §& F. III, liii. 287 The discipline of a
soldier is formed by exercise rather than by study. 1827
Potro Course 7. 1v, Sound-headed men, Of proper dis-
cipline and excellent mind.
5. The order maintained and observed among
pupils, or other persons under control or com-
mand, such as soldiers, sailors, the inmates of a
religious house, a prison, etc.
[e tr. De Imitatione \. xxv, Fervent & devoute brepren
& we & under discipline.) 1667 Perys Diary 1 Apr.
(Wheatley, 1895, VI. 249) [Sir] W. Coventry is wholly resolved
to bring him to punishment ; for, ‘ bear with this’, says he,
‘and no discipline shall ever be expected.’ Drypen
Virg. Georg. i. 509 Let crooked Steel invade The lawless
peers hich disciplinedisclaim, 1813 Wetincton in Gurw.
Desp.X. 539 The fact is, that, if discipline means obedi
to orders, as well as military instruction, we have but little
| either doth neglect, or may not punish. 1858-60
doctrine, is regulated.
416
of it in the army. Hare Guesses Ser. 1. (1873)
494 Discipline .. should exercise its influence without
ay ing to do so, Marryat Midsh. Easy xiii, If
I do not punish him, I allow a flagrant and open violation
of discipline to pass d Macautay Hist,
Eng. 1. 424 The discipline of work: of schools, of
private families. .was infinitely harsher. 1889 7imes 9 Mar.
16/1, I recently heard a learned limb of the law .. confound
prison punishment with prison discipline, forgetting that
the former is merely a means of enforcing the latter.
b. A system or method for the maintenance of
order; a ayeen of rules for conduct.
B. Harris Parival’s Iron Age 40 The Mutiners
governed themselves in form of a Republick, observing
a most exact discipline. 1726 SHetvocke Voy. round World
(1757) 227 Having regulated themselves according to the
discipline of Jamaica. 1861 M. Pattison £ss. (1889) I. 47
The inmates .. were submitted to an almost ic dis-
—séDISCIPLINE,
Fun, Serm, C'tess Richmond Wks, (1876) 293 The
Martha is praysed in her Body by een
dyscyplyne. 1620 SHELTON .1V. xxv. LI, did *
institute 4
allthat Country. 1686 J.Sexceant Hist. Monast. Convent.
34 1fany be fo 790 W: Vera Wire nee
or ings. cr ILLOCK i ith a t
- pap A discipline tai ie:
tle of moving. x81 Sporting Mag. XXXVII. 133
ca! moving. I . .
{She} came in for her share the disci os which her os
was undergoi 1888 Bernarp /'r. World to Cloister
v. 113 The ich are known as ‘the
discipline’.
b. fransf. Hence applied to the instrument of
chastisement : A whip or scourge; esp, one used
for religious penance.
1622 Peacuam Compl. Gent. 120 By Chastity standeth
P having driven away with her discipline Winged
austerities which
cipline.
. Eccles. The system or method by which order
is maintained in a church, and control exercised
over the conduct of its members; the procedure
whereby this is carried out; the exercise of the
power of censure, admonition, excommunication,
or other penal measures, by a Christian Church.
1549 Bk. Comm. Prayer, Commination, In the primitive
church there was a godly discipline, that, at the beginning
of Lent, such persons as were notorious sinners were put to
open penance. 1561 T. Norton Calvin's /nst. (1578) 1.
xii. 2 The first foundation of discipline is, that priuate
monitions should haue place, 1574 tr. Marlorat’s Apocalips
18 Our meeting vpon that day rather than vpon any other,
is onely for orders sake, and for a certeine discipline in the
Churche. 12621 First Book of Discipline (1721) 1x. i. 568
‘The order of Ecclesiastical Discipline, which stands in re-
proving and correcting of the Faults which the Civill Sword
GARDNER
Faiths World |. 479/1 The ancient discipline of the church,
while it excluded offenders from spiritual privileges, left all
their natural or civil rights unaffected. 2
b. Hence, generally, the system by which the
practice of a church, as distinguished from its
Spec., in Eng. Ch. Hist.,
The ecclesiastical polity of the Puritan or Presby-
terian party (thence styled DISCIPLINARIANS) in
the 16th and 17th c.
Books of Discipline: the name of two documents, adopted
in 1561 and 1581 respectively, constituting the original stan-
dards of the polity and government of the Reformed Church
of Scotland, and also dealing with schools, universities, and
other matters.
1574 [W. Travers (fit/e) Hecclesiastice Discipline et
Anglicanz Ecclesia ab illa aberrationis..explicatio.) —T.
Cartwaricut {transl. of prec.) (¢i¢de) A full and plain Decla-
ration of Ecclesiastical Disci line owt of the Word off God,
and of the declining of the Churche of England from the
same. 1588 W. Travers (¢it/e) A Defence of the ecclesi-
astical discipline ordayned of God to be used in his Church,
agaynst a reply of Maister Bridges. 1593 Apr. BANcRorr
(title) A Survay of the Pretended Holy Discipline. /d/d.
v. 70 (heading) The pretended Antiquitie of the Consistorian
Discipline. 1 Fiscces Eccl. Pol. (1888) 1. 126 The
wonderful zeal and fervour wherewith ye have withstood
the received order of this Church..to join..for the further-
ance of that which ye term the Lord's Discipline. bid.
127 Let it be lawful for me to rip up to the very bottom how
and by whom your Discipline was planted. /éd. 138 That
which Calvin did for establishment of his discipline, seemeth
more commendable than that which he taught for the
countenancing of it when established. 1610 B. Jonson
Alch. 1. i, This heat of his may turn into a zeal, And stand
up for the beauteous discipline Against the menstruous
cloth and rag of Rome. 1642 Cuas. I, re Protestations 4
New doctrines and disciplines. 1 wt0N (title) The
Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce restored .. from the
Bondage of Canon Law. 1676 W. Husparp Happiness of
People 35 Wee in New England that profess the doctrine
of Calvin, yet practise the Sisciplice of them called Inde-
pendant, or Congregational Churches. 1792 Burke Let, to
Sir H, Langris ks. 1842 I. 547 Three religions ., each
of which has its confession of faith and its settled discipline.
1874 Green Short Hist. viii. § 5. 509 The Presbyterian
organization remained untouched in doctrine or discipline,
Catholic Dict. 265 Usually, discipline in its ecclesi-
astical sense signifies the laws which bind the subjects of
the Church in their conduct, as distinct from dogmas or
articles of faith, which affect their belief.
¢1g66 Knox Hist. Ref Scot. (1848) II. 181 (anno 36%)
¢ Preacheris vehementlie exhorted us to establische The
Love. 1630 Wapswortn Pilg. iii. 20 Approaching his
side with two good disciplines in their hands, the ends of
some stucke with prickes, they did .. raze his skinne.
7 . STEVENS 's Com, Wks. (1709) > The
hipsters. .laid aside their Disciplines. 1825 Scorr 7adism.
iv, On the floor lay a discipline, or penitential scourge. 1848
J. H. Newman Loss & Gain ut. x. 376 In the cell .. hangs
an iron discipline or scourge, studded with nails.
+ 8. Treatment for some special purpose, e.g.
medical regimen, Ods. rare.
1754 Mrs. E,. Mostacu in Four C. Eng. Lett. 280 He has
been under discipline for his eyes, but his spirits and vivacity
are not abated. 5
9. attrib. as in discipline-master, a master in a
school employed not to teach, but to keep order
among the pupils.
1892 Pall Mail G. 2 Nov. 6/3 A discipline master, who
was running with the hounds, plu in to catch the
‘hares’, 1895 Daily News 3 Apr. 8/3 Deceased was em-
ployed as discipline master..at..the Police Orphanage.
Discipline, v. [a. F. disczpliner (12th c. in
Hatz.-Darm.) or med.L. disctplindre, £. L. dtsci-
plina DiscIPLine sb,]
1. trans. To subject to discipline; in earlier use,
to instruct, educate, train; in later use, more espe-
cially, to train to habits of order and subordination ;
to bring under control.
1382 [see Discirtinep below). 1 Putrennam Eng,
Poesie 1. xii. (Arb.) 44 With vs Christians, who be better
disciplined, and do acknowledge but one God. 1638 BAKER
tr pears Lett. 11. (1654) 97 When some Discipline them-
selves, others run to debauches of all kindes. Hinve
¥. Bruen Ep. to Rdr., I would send such to be discipli
by Erasmus. Brackmore Pr, Arth, 1. 591, I 'd
and disciplin’d their untaught Hate. 1711 Appison Sfect.
No. 160 » 4 Great natural Genius’s that were never disci-
plined and broken by Rules of Art. 1795 Soutney Yoan
of Arc \x. 145 Heaven by sorrow disciplines The froward
heart. 1871 R. W. Date Zen Commandm. viii. 206 The
whole organisation of the world is intended to discipline
our pete nature. 1888 Burcon Lives 12 Gd. Men II, x,
242 He had been disciplined in the school of adversity.
b. sfec. To train in military exercises and prompt
action in obedience to command ; to drill.
1598, Barret Theor. Warres 1. i. 7 Warres well conducted
and disciplined. 1606 Suaxs. 77. yi u. iii, 255 He that dis-.
ciplin’d thy armes to fight. UTTRELL Bee Ee (she)
II. 629 Orders were come from England..to discipline t
militia. 1792 Axecd. W, Pitt 1. v. 138 A farmer .. may be
a good soldier if you take care to have him eee dis-
ciplined. 1855 Macautay //ist. Eng. 1V. 79 He addressed
himself vigorously to the task of disciplining these
soldiers. 1861 Aven. Star 4 Oct., bea een men e
t
longer to discipline into soldi i of New
England, 5
ce. To subject to ecclesiastical discipline ; ‘to
execute the laws of the church on offenders, with a
view to bring them to repentance and reformation
of life’ (Webster).
1828 in Wevsrer. [1870 cf. DiscirtinaBLe 3.) 18.. H.W.
Bercuer Plymouth Pulpit Ser. vi. U1. 134 ( unk & Wagn.)
He whose orthodoxy inspires b should be disciplined
2. To inflict penitential discipline upon; to scour,
or flog by way of penance or mortification of
flesh; hence, by extension, to chastise, thrash,
Buke of Discipline, by ane Act and publict Law. 16ar
CaLverwoop Hist. Kirk (2843) II. 50 At the same conven-
tioun [1561], the Booke of Discipline was subscribed by a
great part of the nobilitie. /é/d, 51 To establishe a more
perfyte discipline, which was done twentie yeeres after ..
as we sall see in the Second Booke of Discipline.
1621
(title, 1st printed ed.) The First and Second Booke of
— together with some Acts of the Generall As-
semblies. 1860. . Lee Hist. Ch. Scot. 1, 151 The first head
of the original Book of Discipline treats of Doctrine .. The
d head relates t - The fourth head related
oS
to Ministers and their lawful election. ates
7. Correction; ent ; punishment inflicted
by way of correction and training; in religious use,
the mortification of the flesh by penance; also, in
more general sense, a beating or other infliction
(humorously) assumed to be salutary to the re-
cipient. (In its monastic use, the earliest English
sense. )
a@ 1225 Ancr. R. 138 Auh ancre schal . . temien ful wel hire
fleschs .. mid_heuie swinke, mid herde disciplines.
Ayenb. 236 Hit be-houep pet uless beate and wesse be dis-
siplines and be hardnesses, 1382 Wyctir Prov. iii, 11 The
discipline of the Lord, my sone, ne caste thou awey. 1482
Monk of Evesham Arb.) 22 Alle that were there wyth grete
contricion of herte toke discyplynys of roddys, 1509 Fisner
Y madea signe to hym, to discypline me in lyke age
as he dyd afore. #4B3 CaxtoN God Leg. Yge bh He chen.
por bg fe Hy ce of mete é diynke & «dys
Auffidi ndly ? N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. xix.
Naess: First be wad disciplin'd. with rode three &
1740 Gray Let. Poems 79) 83 Half a dozen wretch
creatures. .are in a side-chapel disciplining themselves with
scourges full of iron pikes. 1786 tr. Beckford's Vathek
168) 208 Ties Corte ie of Howry Suse @9 He
ind, . F. Knox tr. Life en
pom ye 9 tno the poi 2 aoe of the "Blessed ag
ment and t ine himself,
+b. intr. (for ref.) To chastise oneself. Obs.
axe F- § P, (1862) 154 Wip seint benetis scurge lome
3e ne
+8. trans. To deal with or treat of in an orderly
manner. Ods. rare. < ;
1658 Evetyn 7. Gard. (3675) 261 Your fruit, your herbs,
and your pulses are disciplin’d in the two former treatises.
Hence Disciplined A#/, a.; Di'seiplining 2//.
sh. and ppl. a. ‘
x yeur Yas. tii, 13 Who is wijse, and disciplined
tau3t] among 30u? ¢ 1400 Test, Love (R.) After a good
Uaeiplindiy with a" they kepe right doctrine of
DISCIPLINER.
their schole. 164z Mitton Ch. Govt. i. (1851) 99 They are
left to their own disciplining at home. 1645 Evetyn Mem.
(1857) I. 191 Amongst other things, they shew St. Catharine's
isciplining cell. 1668 Perys Diary 20 Dec., How the
Spaniards are the best disciplined foot in the world. 1669
Woonuzan St. Teresa u. xxvi. 161 Her penances, and dis-
ciplinings were numerous. 1781 Gipson Decd. & F. 111. 165
laric was a Christian and a soldier, the leader of a dis-
ciplined army. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. u. iv. § 53
(1875) 175, 4 developed and disciplined intelligence.
‘scipliner. [f. DiscipLive sé. or v. + -ER1,]
One who disciplines or subjects to discipline ; an
adherent of a system of discipline.
1611 Sreep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xv. (1632) 784 The King
incensed against these discontented discipliners. 1644
Mitton Areop. (Arb.) 42 Had an Angel bin his discipliner.
1656 Ducness or Newcast_e Life (1886) 280 Two of my
three brothers were excellent soldiers, and martial disci-
pliners. 1731 Mrs. Penparves in Mrs. Delany's Life &
Corr, 312 ‘Yhe gout or rheumatism you have never pro-
voked—it would be hard indeed if you should suffer by those
severe discipliners. 1898 19th Cent, Aug. 251 Any monk
lying abed later than four without excuse was sent to the
iscipliner for birching.
Discipling, vd/. sb. and ppl. a.: see DISCIPLE v.
+Disciplinize, v. Os. rave. [f. DiscrpLine
50, +-1ZE.] trans. To bring under discipline; spec.
under the Presbyterian ecclesiastical discipline.
1659 GaupeN Tears of Ch. 609 These were to do the
Journey-work of Presbytery..undertaking to Directorize,
to Unliturgize, to Catechize, and to Disciplinize their
Brethren. _
+ Discipliza ‘tion. = Discipling: see DIscIPLE v.
1657-83 Evetyn Hist. Relig. (1850) II. 55 The unprofit-
ableness and weakness of the former disciplization.
Discipular (disi:pilax), a. [f. L. désc¢pul-us
DiscrpLE + -arl.] Of, belonging to, or of the
nature of, a disciple.
1859 Sat. Rev. 13 Aug. 198/r Mr. Mansel’s .. discipular
spirit marks him out to carry onward the new Scottish
Philosophy. 1862 F. Hatt Hindu Philos. Syst. 181 By
Sankara and by all his discipular successors. 1873 Mortey
Rousseau 11. xi, 93 His discipular patience when his master
told him that his verses were poor,
Disci‘pulate. rare. [f. as prec. + -aTE!.]
The state of a disciple ; discipleship, pupilage.
cam Tait's Mag. 1X. 681 During the period of his disci-
pulate. :
Disci:pulize, v. rare.
trans, =DISCIPLE 2. 2.
aes Kitto’s Cycl. Bibl. Lit. (ed. 3) 1293/2 When we come
to ask, what is implied in discipleship? in what relation
does baptism stand to the discipulising of nations ?
Discission ie Fen Also 7 discition,
discision. [ad. L. disciss?én-em,n. of action f.
discindére to cleave, cut asunder: see Discinp.
But the 17th c. spelling dzsc?ston appears to come
from L, dis- and cedere, -cidere to cut, ppl. stem
-cis-: see DISOIDE, and cf. excision, incision.) A
cleaving, rending, or cutting asunder; now only in
Surg. : An incision into a tumour or cataract: see
DECISION 4.
1647 H. More Song of Soul u. iii. ut. xlviii, So gentle
Venus ., Casts ope that azur curtain by a swift discission.
1661 G. Rust Origen in Phenix 1. 37 As painful as the
violent discision of very Life would be could it be forcibly
torn in pieces. 1 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. xv. 590
You must slant your Knife and endeavour discision with an
oblique Hand. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Discission, a cutting
into; especially an incision into or laceration of the capsule
of the lens in the operation for the removal of cataract.
Discition, obs. form of Drciston.
1633 Prynne Histrio-Mastix u. iv. 92 (R.) Declining
their owne particular discitions to avoid all partiality.
Disclaim (disklz'm), v. [a. AF. des-, dis-
clamer (accented stem desclaime), f. des-, Dis- 4
+clamer to CLAIM; in med.(Anglo)L. disclamére.]
1. intr. Law. To renounce, relinquish, or repu-
diate a legal claim; to make a formal disclaimer.
Const. +22 the thing disclaimed, + ou¢ of or from
the claim of the other party.
Originally said in reference to the renunciation of the
claim of feudal lordship or tenancy by the lord or tenant
respectively.
(2302 Vear-books Edw. I an. 30-31. 83 (Godefroy) Si le
tenaunt portat sun bref ‘de homagio recipiendo’ seriez vus
rescuzadesclameren sun homage. 1304 /éid. 119 En plee qe
chiet par voye de destresse le tenaunt poet desclamer, 1409
Act 9 Hen. 1V,c. 4 Ordines est et establies que nul home
larron n’autre felon en Gales ouvertement conus ne soit
effert par disclaimer hors del seignourie ou la felonie fust
faict et qe tielx manere de disclaime soit de tout oustes,
[Pulton's transi. It is ordained and stablished, that no
Thiefe nor Felon in Wales, openly knowne, be suffered to
disclaime out of the Seigniorie where the felony was done,
and that such maner of disclaiming be vtterly put out.]
{a 1481 LittLeton Zenures (ed. Houard) 145 Si I’seignior
Pa est vouché ne avoit resceivé pas homage del tenant ne
ascun de ses auncesters, le seignior (s'il voit) poit dis-
clamer en le seigniory, et issint ouste le tenant de son
garranty.]
[f. as prec. + -1ZE.]
) or deny,
as to deny an vther to be his superiour; as quhen the
superiour affirmis the landes to halden of him, and
the vassall denies the samin. 1628 Coke On Litt. 102 a,
The lord may disclaime .. which signifieth utterly to re-
nounce the seignory. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1.
lxii. (1739) 125 If the Lord fail, he loses his Tenure, and the
bic ac - Sapsanaien disclaim, and hold over for ever.
OL, .
417
3651 /did. 1. xiii. (1739) 71 He that hath both Right and
Power, and will not seize, disclaims. 1809 Tomiins Law
Dict. s.v. Disclaimer, Such person as cannot lose the hin
perpetually in which he disclaims, shall not be permitte
to disclaim. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) 1V. 494 The law
adjudges the frank tenement in B, till he disagrees or dis-
claims. 1848 WHarton Law Lex. 182 He cannot so dis-
claim after he has proved the will of his own testator.
+2. zxtr. transf. a. To renounce or disavow
all-part 27; =sense 4. Ods.
1560 A. L. tr. Calvin's Foure Sernt. Songe Ezech. iv, As
if God would reject them, and utterly disclaime in them.
158x Mutcaster Positions xxxix. (1887) 195 Disclayming in
that which vertue auaunceth not. 1605 SHaks. Learn. ii.
59 You cowardly Rascall, nature disclaimes in thee. 1637
B. Jonson Sad Sheph. 1. ii, The sourer sort Of shepherds
now disclaim in all such sport.
b. To proclaim one’s renunciation of, or dis-
sent from. Obs.
1604 R. Parsons 37d Part Three Convers. Eng. 360 He
disclaymed from the Bohemians or Hussits and their
opinions. 1605 Answ. Discov. Romish Doctr. 39 They not
wholy disclaime from the Kinges Authority. 1624 Lp.
Witiams in Jortesc. Papers 203 He disclayminge from
all fees and profitts of the place. 1632 J. Haywarp tr.
Biondi’s Eromena 125 Catascopo disclaimed from having
ever named me.
Jig. 1644 Dicsy Nat. Bodies 1. (1645) 67. These two
conditions .. doe openly disclaime from quantity and from
matter,
3. trans. Law. To renounce a legal claim to;
to repudiate a connexion with or concern in.
[Arising by omission of the preposition in sense 1: with
quot. 1607, cf. 1534 FitzHerBErT La Nouv. Nat. Brevium
(1567) 197 b, Sil ne disclaime en le sank ; ¢vans/. 1652 If he
do not disclaim in the blood.]
1595 SHaks. K. Fohn 1. i. 247, I am not Sir Roberts
sonne, I haue disclaim’d Sir Robert, and my land, Legitima-
tion, name, and all is gone. 1607 CoweLt /nterpr. s.v.
Disclaimer, lf a man deny himselfe to be of the blood or
kindred of another in his plee, he is said to disclaime his
blocd. /éid. If a man arraigned of felonie do disclaime
goods, being cleared he leeseth them. r6sr W. G. tr.
Cowel'’s Inst, 48 Nor can an Infant disclaim that Guardian
who prosecutes an action for him as being next of Kinn.
1670 [see Disctaimer 1 b]. 1754 [see DiscLaMaTION 1]. 1768
Biackstonk Como. 111. 249 Upon this the bishop and the
clerk usually disclaim all title. 1818 Cruise Digest ‘ed. 2)
I. 123 Tenant for life may also forfeit his estate by disclaim-
ing to hold of his lord. 1848 WuHarton Law Lex. 182
A devisee in fee may, by deed, without manner of record,
disclaim the estate devised. /é7d¢, An executor may, before
probate, disclaim the executorship.
b. To relinquish a part of (a patent) by a dis-
claimer.
1835 Lp. Broucuam 3 June, in Hansard ser. 3. XXVIII.
474 Uhe parts disclaimed should not detrimentally affect
the other parts of the invention. 1888 R. GrirFin Patent
Cases decided 12 Application. .to disclaim the 8th claim.
4. To disavow any claim to or connexion with ;
to renounce or reject as not belonging to oneself ;
to disown formally or emphatically.
1593 Suaks. Rich, 7, 1. i. 70 There I throw my gage, Dis-
claiming heere the kindred of a King, And lay aside my
high bloods Royalty. 1636 Hrywoop Challenge 1. Wks.
1874 V. 21 Sir, shee’s yours, Or I disclaime her ever. 1647
Crarenpvon //ist, Red, 11. (1843) 47/2 A short protestation..
in which all men should. .disclaim and renounce the having
any intelligence, or holding any correspondence with the
rebels. 1704 Pore Spring 87 Tell me but this, and I'll dis-
claim the prize. 1791-1823 D'Israeii Cur. Lit., Liter. For-
geries, The real author. .obliged him afterwards to disclaim
the work in print. 1875 Jowert /’/ato (ed. 2) 1V. 224 Socrates
disclaims the character of a professional eristic. 1895
Grapstone Let, 8 Aug. in Daily News 12 Aug. 5/4, 1
entirely disclaim the hatred and hostility to Turks, or any
race of men, which you ascribe to me.
+b. (with complement.) To refuse to acknow-
ledge (any one, or oneself) to be (so and so). Ods.
1597 T. Bearp Theat. Gods Fudgem. (1612) 220 [He]..
also disclaimed him from being his father, /ézd. 524 Dis-
claiming him to be her son. 1602 WARNER A/d. Eng. x1.
Ixvii. (1612) 288 That Helen may disclaime her selfe for
Helen inher glas. 1670 WALTON Lives 1. 133 To perswade
him, ,todisclaim himselfa Member ofthe Church of England.
5. To refuse to admit (something claimed by
another) ; to reject the claims or authority of, to
renounce,
1659 B. Harris Parival’s [ron Age 28 They likewise dis-
claimed the Authority of the Pope. 1769 Rosertson Chas. V,
V. 11, 130 It was lawful for the people to disclaim him as
their sovereign. 1781 Gipson Decd. & F. Il. xliii. 585 The
troops..disclaimed the command of their superiors. 184
Evruinstone ist, [ndia 1.203 They agree with the Baudhas
.-in disclaiming the divine authority of the Védas.
+b. To refuse (a thing claimed). Ods. rare.
1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. lix. (1739) 114 These
then are the rights that the King claimed, and the Clergy
disclaimed at the first. 1725 Pore Odyss. vin. 39 Let none
to strangers honours due disclaim.
+e. To decline or refuse (¢o do something). Ods.
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary t. (1625) 63 Yet disclaime you
ta be married, you will heare of no suters. 1589 WARNER
Alb. Eng, Prose Addit. (1612) 340, I that will not liue to
heare it so, heartily disclaime to haue it so, 1805 Miniature
No. 32 P13 The errors of the schoolboy will become the
errors of the man, if he disclaims to adopt my practice.
+ 6. To denounce the claims or pretensions of; to
cry out upon. Cds,
1590 J. Ecerton in Confer. 32, I shalbe readye to dis-
clayme you wheresoeuer I come, not only for men Ki of
pietie, but euen of ciuile honestie also, 1659 B. Harris
Parival's Iron Age 63 The Arminians [were] reviled, and
disclaimed, as no better then half Traytors, by the very
dregs of the people.
DISCLAIMER.
tb. intr. Disclaim against: to cry out against,
DECcLAIM against. Ods.
1615 J. SrepHeNs Satyr. Ess. 202 Hee is not .. ashamed
to quarrell, first with his Patron, and openly disclaim against
the poor value of his Benefice. 1706 J. SERGEANT Chapter
of William (1853) 81 That he resolutely oppose it, and
disclaim against it, in the chapter’s name. 1749 FiELDING
Tom Fones x1. i, Which bears an exact analogy to the vice
here disclaimed against.
7. trans. Her. To declare not to be entitled to
bear arms; to ‘make infamous by proclamation’
(those who used arms without any right, or assumed
without authority the title of a or Gentle-
man) as formerly done by the heralds at their
visitations. (Said also of the persons, in sense 4.)
1634 Visitation of Bucks \in Rylands, Disclaimers (1888,
ix.) Robt. Wilmott, Chadderton, for usurping the Title of
Gent, notwithstanding having been disclaimed in the Visita-
tion made 1611, — Visitation of Worcestersh. (ibid.), Edmd.
Brothby.. to be spared from disclaiming in regard of his
being a souldier and of deserts. — Mist. Hereford (ibid.
viii’, John Phillips of Ledbury to be disclaimed at our next
sizes because he was not disclaimed at our being in the
country, being respyted then for proofe. 1888 J. P. RYLANDS
Disclaimers at the Heralds’ Visttations viii, Vhe practice
seems to have been for the visiting Herald to induce the
persons summoned to disclaim under their hands if they
would .. and if they declined, or did not attend .. they were
disclaimed at the Assizes.
Hence Disclaimed ///. a., Disclaiming 72/. sd,
and ff/. a.
1602 Suaks, //ame. vy. ii. 252 Let my disclaiming from a
purpos'd euill, Free me so farre in your most generous
thoughts, 1607 Hirron /iks. I. 268 In all those which
thinke and hope to bee saued, there must bee a disclaiming,
a renouncing, an vtter forsaking of those sinnes. 1659 L.
Harris Parival’s [ron Age 60 A Disciple of that so much
disclaimed Italian. 1802 Mrs. Rapcuirrr Poet. Hoks. (1833
Il. 271 ‘The ron .. bowed with a disclaiming gesture.
1885 Brivcres Nero ut. iv. 16/2 ‘Thou wert right in that,
Wrong now returning on disclaimed ambition. 1892 Nef.
Patent Cases 1X. 83 The language of this disclaiming clause.
+ Disclaim, 54. Ods. [a. AF. disclaime, f.
disclamer: see prec. vb.] An act of disclaiming ;
formal renunciation or repudiation of a claim.
[1409 see Disciraim 7.1]. 1475 Bh. Noblesse 35 And so the
said king Lowes relese was..a disclayme frome the kinges
of Fraunce for ever. 1611 Seren ///st. Gt. Brit. vit. i. § 2.
1g0 The associates of Britaine were now returned with vtter
disclaime of further assistance. 1662 Jesurts’ Reasons (1675)
128 You..make your disclaim of these..Opinions. 1674
A. G. Quest. conc. Oath of Alleg. 29 The disclaim of His
indirect Authority over Kings. 1786 /rancis the Philan-
thropist 111. 85 A blush, not of disclaim, spread her cheek.
Disclaimant. [f.Disciaimyz.,atter cla/mant.]
Onewho disclaims \a part of a patent): cf. DiscLaim
@. 3.5.
1892 Rules of Practice U.S. Patent Cf. 52 To which the
disclaimant does not choose to claim title. ;
Disclaimer ! (diskléi-ma). [a. AF. désclatmer
inf. used sbst.: see -ER4.] An act or action of
disclaiming.
1. Zaw. The action of disclaiming in reference
to the feudal relationship, esf. on the part of the
vassal or tenant ; repudiation of a legal claim.
1579 Zermes dela Ley 68b, If the tenant say that hee
disclaymeth to hold of him, this is called a disclaimer, and
if y’ Lord thereupon bring a writ of right, sur disclaimer,
and it be found against the tenaunt, hee shall lose the
land, 16x8 Puton S¢at. (1632) 269, 9 Hen. IV, c. 4 (¢é¢Ze)
Disclaimer in felony in Wales shall be vtterly excluded and
put out, 1650 B. Discolliminium g Christ. .seems to judge
It necessary to make a cautelous Disclaimer of the Power
that requir’d it, 1767 Brackstone Com. Il. 275 Equiva-
lent..to an illegal alienation by the particular tenant, Is the
civil crime of disclaimer, as where a tenant, who holds of any
lord, neglects to render him the due seryices, and, upon an
action brought to recover them, disclaims to hold of his lord.
b. An act of renouncing or relinquishing a legal
claim ; a formal refusal to accept an estate, trust,
duty, etc.: see DISCLAIM v. 3.
[1573 Staunprorp Les Plees del Coron 11. 186 Icy par cel
disclaimer: il perdra les biens..as queux il disclaima).
1670 Biount Law Dyct.s.v., In Chancery, if a Defendant
by his Answer Disclaim the having any interest in the thing
in question, this is also called a Disclaimer. 1 Tomttxs
Law Dict. s.v., There is a deed of disclaimer of executor-
ship of a will, etc., where an executor refuses, and throws
up the same, 1876 Dicsy Read Prof. x. § 1. 371 In all other
cases the proper mode of refusing to accept a conveyance or
devise of land. .is an execution by an alienee of full capacity
of a deed of disclaimer, ¢ F =
e. Patent Law. An alteration by which a speci-
fication is amended in such a manner as to relinquish
a portion of the invention, when in danger of being
invalidated on account of the comprehensiveness
of the claim. Formerly (up to 1883), an instru-
ment executed by a patentee abandoning a part
of his claim of invention. :
1835 Act 5 & 6 Will. IV, c. 83 [He] may enter a disclaimer
of any part of his specification, 1879 Cassed/'s Techn. Educ,
LV. bebe frome A means by which a grantee may abandon
portions of the title,. .this process is called a disclaimer. 1883
Act 46 & 47 Vict. Chap. 57 (Patents Act) § 18 Amend his
specification. . by way of disclaimer, correction, or explana-
tion. 1892 Rules of Practice U.S. Patent Off. 77 Such
disclaimer shall be in writing. ;
2. generally. A disavowal of claims or preten-
sions; a renunciation, denial, or rejection.
1790 Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 164, I think the honour of
our nation to be somewhat concerned in the — of
DISCLAIMER.
the dings of this society. 1825 Coreripce Aids Ref.
(1848) I. 109 If after these disclaimers I shall without proof
be charged by any with renewing or favouring the errors.
3862 Mrs. GaskeLt C. Bronte 228 It conveys a peremptory
disclaimer of the report that the writer was engaged to be
married to her father’s curate. 1868G. Durr Pol. Surv. 42
Our emphatic disclaimer of fellow feeling with the Cretan
insurgents.
3. “er. A proclamation or announcement made
by English heralds, during their regular visitations,
of persons having no right to armorial bearings,
or to the title of Esquire or Gentleman, especially
of such as were found usurping these without right.
Sir T. Puitiies (¢é¢/e) Heralds’ Visitation Disclaimers.
Xx J. P. Rytanns Disclaimers at the Heralds’ Visi-
tations x, He notes the press-mark of each MS. in the
College of Arms, from which he copied the list of disclaimers.
Disclaimer”, [f. Disctaimv.+-Eal] One
who disclaims.
1702 Ecuarp Eccl. Hist. (1710) 176 The multitude might
have abandoned him as a disclaimer of his own sovereignty.
1754 Richarpson Grandison (1781) IV. v. 43 Girls, writing
2 themselves on these occasions, must be disclaimers, you
know.
Disclamation (disklimé' fon).
from med.L. disclamare to DISCLAIM.
1. Sc. Law. The action of disclaiming on the
part of a tenant, etc.: see Disciaim vz. 1, and cf.
DiscLaiMer ! 1.
1592 Sc. Acts Fas. VI (1814) 604 (Jam.) With all richt ..
be ressone of ward, nonentries .. purprusionis, disclama-
tiounis, bastardrie [etc.]. 1754 Erskine Princ. Sc. Law
(1809) Disclamation is that casualty whereby a vassal
forfeits his whole feu to his superior, if he disowns or dis-
claims him without ground, as to any part of it. 1861 W.
Bett Dict. Law Scotl 290 Disclamation signifies a vassal’s
disavowal..of a person as a superior, whether the person so
disclaimed be the superior or not.
2. Renunciation, repudiation, disclaimer.
1610 Br. Hatt Afol. Brownists § 7 To speake as if before
her late disclamation of Poperie .. shee [Ch. of Engl.) had
not beene. 1649 — Cases Consc. 403 Let .. servants ..
count their (infidell) masters worthy of all honour; not
worthy therefore of desertion and disclamation. 1772 Scots
Mag. 457 Mr. Wallace's disclamation of a late publication.
1814 Scorr Wav. vi, The bibliopolist greeted him, notwith-
standing avery disclamation, by the ttle of Doctor. 1892
Stevenson & Ospournr. Wrecker xvii. 275, | cannot tell with
what sort of disclamation I sought to reply.
lamatory (disklae'matari), @. rare. [f.
as prec. + -ORY.] Of the nature of, or tending to
disclamation ; having the character of disclaiming.
1853 Reape Chr. Fohustone ii. *My Lord, my Lord!’
remonstrated Saunders, with a shocked and most disclam-
atory tone.
+ Disclander, sb. Obs. Forms: 4-6 des-,
dys-, discla(u)nder, -dre, -dir, -dyr, 5 disclan-
dar, disklander, deslaundre, 5-6 disla\u)nder,
-dre, dyssclaunder. [a. AF. *desclandre, dis-
claunder (15th c.) deriv. of OF. escla-ndre, earlier
escandre, escandle, escandele:—L. scandalum : see
EscianprE; cf. ScanpaL and SLANDER. The
prefix des- in Anglo-Fr. was prob, due to some
analogy, or to confusion of des- and es-.]
1. Malicious speech bringing opprobrium upon
any one; slander.
c 1300 Beket 2073 Thu missaist foule thine owe louerd..
Ho mij3te suffri such desclandre, bot he nome wrecche?
1471 Arriv. Edw, [V (Camden) 21 The false, faynyd
fables, and disclandars, that .. were wont to be seditiously
sowne and blowne abowt all the land. 1548 Hatt Chron.,
Hen. VI, 99», He declareth you a true man to hym .. the
saied dislaunder and noysyng notwithstandyng. 1562 in
Stow's Surv. (1754) IL. v. xxi. ride Sy If their offences be
reat. .offending is master by theft or dislander or such
Bie, then to command him to Newgate.
2. Reproach or reprobation called forth by what
is considered shameful or wrong; public disgrace
or opprobrium ; scandal,
1362 Lani. P. Pi. A. v. 75, I haue.. Ablamed him be-
hynde his bak to bringe him in disclaundre. ¢1374 Cuavcer
Troylus w. 536 (564) For yf I wolde it openly distourbe, It
most ben disclaundre to here name. 1402 Hoccteve Lester
ge so 70 No worshippe may he thus to him conquere,
ut ae) disclander vnto himand here! 1432-50 tr. Higden
(Rolls) V. 143 The disclaunder of your ylle disposicion
scholde not be knowen amonge ~ enmyes. 1462 J. Pas-
ton in Paston Lett. No. 439. II. 89 To deliver seison ac-
cordynge to the same feffement, to the gret disclaundre of
the Seid Sir John and all his, 1§31-2 Act 23 Hen. V///,
c. 1 [They] suffre them to make their purgacions ,. to the
greatte disclaunder of suche as pursue suc loers.
+ Disclander, v. O’s. Forms: see prec.
[ME. desc/andre, f. prec. sb., perh. through an AF.
*desclandre-r for OF . esclandrer to slander.]
1. “vans. To speak evil of, so as to expose to op-
probrium ; to slander,
c1ag0 Beket 1246 in S. Eng. Leg. 1.142 Pe bischopes comen
bi-fore And desclaundreden seint thomas, pat he was fals
and for-suore. ¢ 1380 Wyciir Wks. (1880) 138 Pes proude
..possessioners disclaundren trewe prechours. 14.. 4. £.
Misc. (Warton Club) 63 Awyse the welle who syttys the
by, Lest he wylle report thi talle, And dyssclaundure the
after to gret and smalle. 1530 PAtsGR. 513/2, I desclaunder,
1 hurte or hynder ones good name by reporte. i
2. To bring into public disgrace or opprobrium ;
to bring scandal upon.
¢ 1385 Cuaucer ZL. G. W. 1031 Dido, We that weryn in
prosperite Been now discland s © 1430 Lype. Alin.
Poems (Percy Soc.) 143 Now as ye seen, for disobedience
P of action
418
Disclaundrid is tually my name. @ 1483 Liber Niger
in Househ, Ord. 1790) 70 t the owner be not hurte, nor
this fi courte di deryd by any age of crav-
inge or crakyng.
+ Discla‘nderer. O/s.
[f. prec. +-ER}.] A
slanderer.
Festivall (W. de W. 1515 b, To stone by to
deth as for a dyssclaunderer. bs Pon
+ Discla‘nderous, a. Olds. [f. DischanpER
sb. + -0U8.] Slanderous.
1494 Fasyan Chron. 1. |xv. 44 In this whyle, by styr-
ynge of disclaunderous & deuylysshe — ‘* pte e
was arreryd attweene the kynge and a Duke of his jlande.
Jbid, vu. ccxxviii. 258 Of this duke Wyllyam some des-
claunderous wordes are lefte in memory.
Disclare, obs. var. of Dectare [cf. OF. des-
clatrier].
1375 Barsour Bruce 1.75 He suld that arbytre disclar, Off
thir twa that I tauld off ar.
Disclass (diskla‘s), v. [f. Dis- 7 ¢ + Crass sd.]
trans. =DECLASS; to remove or cut off from one’s
class. Hence Disclassed f//. a.
1890 Times 31 = 9/1 Worked by a Union largely com-
posed of the broken-down, disclassed waifs and strays who
gravitate to the dock-gates in search of casual employment.
classify (diskle'sifai), v. [f. Dis- 6 +
Cuassiry.] /¢rans. To undo the classification of.
a 1866 J. Grote Exam, Utilit, Philos. xx. (1870) 336 The
process of levelling, disclassifying, making everybody like
everybody else.
Discless: see DISKLESS.
+ Discloa’k, v. Ods. Also 7 discloke. [f.
D.s- 6 or 7a + Cioak.] ¢rans. To take off the
cloak of ; to unrobe.
1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. i. v, Now goe in, dis-
cloke yourselfe. 1616 — Devil an Ass 1. vi, If you interrupt
me, Sir, I shall discloak you, 1627-77 Fecrnam Resolves
a ‘R.), That feins what was not, and discloaks a soul.
+ Disclo'g, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 6 + Cioe v.]
trans. To free from that which clogs; to unclog.
161 Coryat Crudities 234 They shall make a restitution
of all their ill gotten goods, and so disclogge their soules
and consciences.
Discloister (diskloi‘sta1),v. [f. Dis- 6 or 7¢
+ CLoIsrER.] ¢rans. To turn or let out of a
cloister ; to release or remove from seclusion.
1660 Howett Parly of Beasts 134 They [nuns] fell a
murmuring .. and to think too often on man with inordinat
desires obs discloysterd. 188x Patcrave Visions Eng. 282
A girl by lustful war and shame Discloistered from her home.
Disclosal (disklo«-zal). rare. [f. DiscLose
v. + -AL.) The act of disclosing, disclosure.
1795 COLERIDGE Conciones ad Populum 54 In the disclosal
of Opinion, it is our duty to consider the character of those,
to whom we address ourselves,
+ Disclose, 54. Ods. [f. Discuosr z.: cf.
CLosE 56.4] Theact of disclosing; = DiscLosuRE
(in various senses).
1548 Gest Pr. Masse 73 Wolde God .. soch a person ..
had openly publyshed the worthy disclose and disprove of
the unsufferable abhomination of the popyshe private
pryvye masse. 1602 Suaks. //am. 11. i. 174 There's some-
thing in his soule, O’re which his Melancholly sits on brood,
And, I do doubt the hatch, and the disclose Will be some
danger. 1622 WitHer Mistr. Philar, Wks. (1633) 623 They
{those lips] are like in their discloses To the ee
roses. 1625 W. B. True School War 42 It is an Embryo
that..waites the good houre for the disclose and deliuery.
1742 Younc N¢. 74. ix. 1576 Glasses .. Haue they not led
us deep in the disclose Of kne-spen nature,
+ Disclose, 7//. a. Obs. Also 4 desclos. [a.
OF. desclos, pa. pple. of desclore to disclose :—Ro-
manic (and med.L.) dsclaus-us, pa. pple. of diés-
claudére; see DiscLose v.] Disclosed ; unclosed ;
let out. In quots., used as tse pple.
1393 Gower Conf. 1. 285 For drede it shulde be disclose
And come unto her faders ere. /d/d. 11. 354 A maiden,
which was... kept so clos, That selden was, w she desclos
Goth with her moder for to play. :
Disclose (disklés:z), v. [ME. des-, dis-closen,
a. OF. desclos- pres. stem (pres. subj. desclose) of
desclore, -clorre to unclose, open, free =Pr. des-
claure:—Romanic (and med.L.) désclaudére, f, Dis-
4 + L. claudére to close, shut.]
+1. trans, To open up (that which is closed or
shut); to unclose, unfold ; to unfasten. Ods. sel pe
@ 1400-50 Alexander 3632 Pire Olifantis. .disclosid pai
chaviles, ¢ 1420 Pela an Hash u. 331 Almoundes me
may make, .her shelles to disclose. 1577 B. Gooce /eres-
bach's Hush, 11. (1586) 67 b, It [a rosebud] discloseth it
selfe and spreadeth abroad. 1596 Srenser /, Q. 1V. v. 16
Full oft about her wast she it enclos’d, And it as oft was
from about her wast disclos’d. 1596 B. Grirrin Fidessa
(1876) 31 Armes still imbrace and neuer be disclosed. ¢1'
Suaxs, Sonn. liv, The perfumed tincture of the Roses ..
When Sommers breath their masked buds discloses.
+b. To hatch (an egg). Cf. 3b. Ods.
@ 1626 Bacon (J.), It is reported by the ancients, that the
ostrich layeth her eggs under the sand, where the heat of
the sun discloseth them,
2. intr. (for refl.) To unclose or unfold itself by
the falling asunder of ; to open.
159% gatos Art Warteun Whistt upon occasion dis-
closing again may let out the shot. 1706 Puiturs (ed.
arog To Disclose..to bud, blow, or put out Leaves.
1626 ‘I’. H. Caussin's Holy Crt. 166 If the hen brood not
her eggs, she hath no desire to make them disclose. a
| Ng Summer 1138 Over head a sheet Of livid
e discloses wide, then shuts And opens wider,
——> 7
r 3 262 As she, that was with thaire
enc And might of no man be desclosed. 1530 Patscr.
518/1, I disclose, I uncover a thing that is hydde.. This
treasure never be disclosed for me. 16zx Biste /sa.
xxvi. 21 The earth also shall disclose her blood, and shall
no more couer her slain. “Tate & Bravy Ps. ¢vi. 9
‘The parting Deep disclos'd her Sand. 1795 Sourney Foan
of Arc x. 197 Ay phen ewe or oa
7 ere peers 65 — ee out his milk-
white palm Disclosed a fruit of pure Hesperian gold. 1838
Lytton Lez/a 1. iv, Her full rich lips disclosed teeth, that
— have shamed the pearl. .
. To uncover or set free (a young bird, etc.)
from the egg ; to hatch ; also fig. to ‘ hatch’ (mis-
chief), Rarely, to exclude or lay (eggs).
1486 Bk, St. Albans Aija, Now to speke of hawkys. first
thay been Egges. and afterwarde they bene disclosed
hawkys. 1602 Suaxs. Ham. v. i. 310 Anon as patient as
the female Doue, When that her golden Cuplet are dis-
clos’d. 1602 Warner Alb. Eng. x. lv. (1612) 245 Papists
heere, forren and ee ‘oes, Did mischiefes that
imported more our practiz’d State disclose. H. Cocas
tr. Pinto’s Trav. xxx. 122 They leave the there till
they think the young ones are disclosed. DryDen
Virg. Georg. 11. 633 Snakes, familiar, to the Hearth succeed,
Disclose their Eggs, and near the Chimney breed. 1
797
Curios. in Husb. & Gard. 322 Forcing E, to disclose
their Young by the artificial Heat of an Oven. 1816-26
Kirsy & Sp. Entomol. (1843) 11. 18 As soon as one of these
yours caterpillars is disclosed from the egg it begins to
+ 4. To open up to one’s own knowledge, to dis-
cover. Obs.
c 1450 Crt. of Love 112 Many a thousand other bright of
face: But what they were, I coud not well disclose.
Sanoys Europe Spec. (1632) 168 He was disclosed an
ceased [=seized] on by his Master. c16xx Cuarman /liad
xx1. 467 Old Priam in his sacred tow’r stood, and the flight
disclos'd On his forc’d people, all in rout.
5. To open up to the knowledge of others; to
make openly known, reveal, declare (secrets, pur-
poses, beliefs, etc.). .
1393 Gower Con/. II. 277, I dare min herte well disclose.
1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. xxix. bats Soc.) 142 They are
not all disposed So for to do as ye have here disclosed.
T. Witson Logtke (1580) 77 b, If you will promise me
to kepe that close, whiche I shall disclose unto you. 1g§6r
T. Norton Calvin's Jnst. 1. 22 The faithful should not
admit him [God] to be any other than such as he had dis-
closed himself by his word. x60x Suaxs. Pud. C. 1. i. 298
Tell me your Counsels, I will not disclose ‘em. i Dry-
pen Virg. Georg. 1v. 6 Their Arms, their Arts, their Manners
I disclose. 17; Pore Rafe Lock u.9 Her lively looks
a sprightly mind disclose. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 44 As
for disclosing the Secret, it is what I never can do.
Green Short Hist. iii. § 2. 121 The great league which J n
had so long matured at last disclosed itself. did. vil. § 7.
413 The strange civilization of Mexico and Peru disclosed
by Cortez and Pizarro. 1876 Moztry Univ. Serm. iii. 64
The modest light of faith discloses a real future life.
+b. intr. (for ref.) To show itself, to come to
light. Ods.
1494 Fanyan Chron. vit. 349 The displeasure atwene the
Kynge & his barons began to appere and disclose. 1627-77
Fevtuam Resolves 1. xii. 18 Vices..which I can see,
they do disclose in them. 1746-7 [see Disctosine f//. a.).
Hence Disclo'sed ff/.a. a. In senses of the vb.
[see Disctose v. 3b). Bacon Adv. Learn. u.
xvii. § 5. 62 Another diuersitie of Methode there is .. and
that is Enigmaticall and Disclosed. 1891 Echo 7 Dec. 2/7
The defendant. .pleaded that he was only an agent for a
disclosed principal.
b. Her.: see quots.
1864 Boutett /eraldry Hist. & Pop. x. 64 The ex-
panded wings .. of all birds that are not Birds of Prey, are
disclosed. 1882 Cussans //er, vi. 91 The most common
attitude in which the Eagle appears in Heraldry, is Dis-
played. This term is peculiar to Birds of Prey; when
other Birds (such as the Dove) are —— with their
wings ex! .. they are said to be Di
Discloser (diskléw-z01). [f. prec.+-ER1.] One
who or that which discloses or reveals.
ane, J. Sanrorp tr. Agrippa’s Van. Artes 138 b, In all
ishonestie that men shall commytte I will that thou be
their judge and discloser, 1608-11 Br. Hart Medit. §
Vows u. 1 will not long after .. secrets, least I should
ae os selfe, and zealous feare to the dis-
in T.
closer. 1 ROWNE Pseud. Ep. wt, xxvii. (1658) 226
That occular Philosopher, and singular discloser of truth,
Dr. Harvey. 1894 Columbus (Ohio) Distatch 13 Oct. 9/4
The policeman's mace is a veritable mind discloser.
Disclosing (disklouzin), v0/. sb, [f. as prec.
+ -1ne 1.) e action of the verb DiscLosE: a.
Opening up, revelation, bringing to light; disclosure.
b. Hatching. Also attrib.
1494 Fanyan Chron. vu. cexxii. 245 The forenamed .ii.
erles were warned of disclosynge of this matyer. —
(title), Yet a course at the Rom Foxe. A
or openynge of the manne of synne. 1586 J. Hooker
Girald. Irel. in Holinshed V1. 21/1 The king .. being in
loue with the falcon, did yearelie at the Insedings and dis-
closing time send thither for them. 1605 Bacon Adv.
Learn, it. v. § 3. 22 Being of so excellent use for the dis-
closing of nature. 1626 — Sylva § 7. Distance ,.
betweene the Layed aot the D or Hatching.
| predicatively for ‘ in or a disclosing’ =‘ in pro-
cess of disclosure’, ‘a-hatching’: thus simulating
a neuter-passive dy} OF ties verb. oo tes prepa : a
1 Luo Fat ua ml. you that
What prodigy of horror is disclosing To render murther
DISCLOSING. »
isclo’sing, #//. a. [f. as prec. + -INc 2.]
That discloses or opens up: see the verb,
1730-46 Tuomson Autumn 1358 Through the disclosin
deep Light my blind way. 1746-7 Hervey Aedit. (1818
147 Like these disclosing gems under the powerful eye of
day, 1892 Pall Mall G, 27 Apr. 1/2 The forcible and dis-
closing coincidence to which we referred at the outset.
Disclosure (disklawzits). [f. Discrose v. +
-URB, after CLOSURE.]
1. The action of disclosing or opening up to view;
revelation; discovery, exposure; an instance of this.
a@1598 in Hakluyt Voy. I. 271 (R.) Whereas by the voyage
of our subjects .. towards the discouerie and disclosure of
vnknown places. @ 1626 Bacon (J.\, She was, upon a sudden
mutability and disclosure of the king’s mind, severely
handled. 1665 BoyLe Occas. Ref. § 3 (R.) An unseasonable
disclosure of flashes of wit. 1802 Parry Nat. Theol. xxvii.
(1819) 479 We may well leave to Revelation the disclosure
of many particulars which our researches cannot reach.
1844 THirLWwALt Greece VIII. Ixiii. 215 A public disclosure
of his motives. 1874 Green Short Hist. viii. $ 1. 448 The
disclosure of the stores of Greek literature had wrought the
revolution of the Re 1ce.
b. The hatching of young from the egg; the
liberation of an insect from the pupa state.
Be. Hatt Chr. Moder. (Ward) 9/1, I have observed
that the small and scarce sensible seed which it [the silk-
worm] casts comes not to life and disclosure until the mul-
berry .. yields her leaf. 1826 Kirsy & Sp. £xfomol. III.
xxxil. 345 Immediately after the disclosure of the insect
from the pupa.
+2. The opening of a river into sea or lake; the
embouchure or mouth. Ods. rare.
1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 328 The disclosure
of this River frames a square harbour.
3. That which is disclosed ; a revelation.
1825 J. Neat Bro. Yonathan U1. 246 Preparing him for
the disclosure. 1855 Prescotr PAslip 7, 1. 1. ili. 354 Put
to the rack .. to draw from him disclosures to the prejudice
of Egmont. 1878 Brownixc La Sazsiaz 6 Earth’s most
exquisite disclosure heaven's own God in evidence.
+ Disclo‘the, v. Ods. [f. D1s- 6 + CLoruev.]
trans. To strip of clothing, unclothe, undress.
1563-87 Foxe A. §& M. (1684) III. 570 Being dis-cloathed
to their Shirts. 1596 R. L{tncne] Dee/la (1877) 69 Hee..
straight disclothes him of his long-worne weed.
-Discloud (disklaud), v. [f. Dis- 7a+Cioup
sb.] trans. To free or clear from clouds; to free
from gloom or obscurity; to reveal, disclose.
1600 Tourneur 7vansf. Metam. Author to Bk., For ’tis
the haire of crime To shunne the breath that doth discloude
it [=its] sinne. 1615 J. SterHEns Satyr. Ess. 50 To dis-
cloud Your vertues lost in the confused crowd Of headstrong
rumor. 1 Futter Holy & Prof. St. Pref. § 6 That God
would be pleased to discloud these gloomy dayes with the
beames of his mercie. 1650 — Pisgah ‘lo Rdr., Are these
gloomy days already disclouded?
Hence Disclou'ded ///. a.
1615 J. Srernens Satyr. Ess. 133 A rejoycing heart, an
apprehensive head, and a disclouded fancy. 1889 Univ.
Rev. Sept. 41 My lord Shone in his harness for a passing
while An orb disclouded.
+Disclou't, v. Obs. rare—'. [f. Dts- 7a +
Ciout sé.] trans, To take out of a clout.
z Be. Hatt Sa’. 1. iii. 34 Tho must he buy his
vainer hope with price, Disclout his crownes, and thank
him for advice.
+Disclow'n, v. Obs. rare--°. [f. Dis- 7b +
Crown s6.] ¢rans. To divest of the character or
condition of a clown.
-1659 TorRIANo, Sp/edidto, disclouned, become from a base
plebeian to be a Gentleman.
+ Disclu'de, v. Oés. [In form a. L. discliia-tre
to shut up apart or separately; but in sense con-
formed to DisciosE.] ‘trans. To disclose.
_¢%420 Pallad. on Husb. vi. 84 Then his magnitude By
brekyng of this potte me may disclude.
+Bisclu‘sion. 0s. rare. [In form ad. L,
discliision-em, n. of action from déscliidére to sepa-
rate by shutting up apart; but in H. More app.
influenced in sense by DiscLosE v.] ‘ Emission’.
(So J., but the sense is obscure.)
1656 Biount Glossogr., Disclusion, a shutting out. a
separation. 1 H. More /mmort. Soul (1662) 73 The
composition of them and disclusion and various disposal of
them. 1668 — Diz. Dial. 1. v. (1713) 99 That the con-
tinued Shadow of the Earth should be broken by sudden
miraculous eruptions or disclusions of light.
Disco- (disko), combining form of Gr. dicxos
quoit, Disk, occurring in numerous scientific terms ;
as Discobla‘stic a. Embryol. |Gr. BAacrés germ],
(of an oyum), having discoidal segmentation of the
formative yolk (Syd. Soc. Lex.): Discomo'rula,
Embryol., the morula or ‘ mulberry-mass’ resulting
from the partial and discoidal segmentation of the
formative yolk of a meroblastic egg: it develops
from earlier stages called Discomone‘rula and
Discocy’tula, and proceeds to develop into the
forms called Discobla‘stula and Discoga’strula:
see quots. and Cyruna, etc. Ditscocarp Dor.
[ad. mod.L. déscocarpium, £. Gr. xaprés fruit),
(a) a fruit consisting of a number of achenes
within a hollow receptacle, as in the rose;
(6) the disk-like hymenium or fructification of
discomycetous fungi and gymnocarpous lichens ;
hence Discoca‘rpous a., relating to, or having,:a
419-
discocarp. Discoce'phalous a. Zool. (Gr. kepary
head], belonging to the suborder Drscocephali of
fishes, having a sucking-disk on the head. Disco-
da‘ctyl(e, Discoda‘ctylous adj. Zool. [Gr. 5ax-
tvdos finger], having toes dilated at the end so as
to form a disk, as a tree-frog. Discoglossid a.
and sb. Zool. (Gr. yA@ooa tongue], belonging to,
or a member of, the family Descoglosside of toad-
like batrachians; also Discoglossoid a. Disco-
hexa‘ster Zoo/., in sponges, a six-rayed spicule
(I1EXASTER) with the rays ending in disks. Dis-
comedu‘san a. and sb. Zool., belonging to, or a
member of, the order Déescomeduse of acalephs or
jelly-fishes, having an umbrellar disk ; also Disco-
medu'soid @ Discomyce'tous a. Sol., be-
longing to the order Descomycetes of Fungi, having
a disk-shaped hymenium or dzscocarp. Discopla-
ce‘ntal, Discoplacenta‘lian ad/s. Zool., belonging
tothe section D¢scop/acentalia of mammals, having
a disk-shaped placenta, || Discopo‘dium Sot.,
‘the foot or stalk on which some kinds of disks
are elevated’ (77cas. Bot, 1866), Disco:podous
a. Zool., having the foot shaped as a disk; be-
longing to the section 7scopoda of Gastropods.
Discosto‘matous a. Zoo/. |Gr. orépa mouth],
pertaining to or belonging to the class Descostomata
of Protozoa (in Saville Kent’s system), containing
the sponges and collar-bearing monads.
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., *Discoblas'ula, Hickel's term for
the small fluid-containing cavity lying between the disco-
morula and the nutritive yolk of a meroblastic ovum, /di.,
*Discocarp, a collection of fruits in a hollow receptacle,
as in the rose. [1866 77eas. Bot., Discocarpium.) 1887
Garnsey & Batrour tr. De Bary’s Fungi v. 198 Of gymno-
carpous and *discocarpous forms. 1883 Sy. Soc. Lex.,
*Discogastrula, Hackel’s term for that form of gastrula
which develops from a disc situated on a mass of food yolk,
as in Ganoid fishes, 1888 Atheneum 3 Mar. 279/2. Evi-
dence of the pelobatoid rather than the *discoglossid af-
finities of the .. genus. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., *Discomorula,
Hiickel’s term for the disc of cells which, during the seg-
mentation of the impregnated meroblastic ovum, covers
the nutritive vitellus as with a hood. 1879 tr. //aeckel’s
Evol, Man I. xix. 168 All other *Discoplacental Animals.
1881 S/andard 23 June 5/2 The *discoplacentalian mammals.
Discoa‘ch, v.: see Dis- 7c.
+ Discoa‘gulate, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 6 + Coacu-
LATE v.] ¢rans. To undo the coagulation of; to
dissolve.
1683 Pettus Fleta Min, 1. 5 This Salt .. having a nature
to discoagulate Metals.
+ Discoarst, v. Oss. Also 7 discost. [f, D1s-
6 + Coast v.]
1. intr. To withdraw from the coast or side.
1598 Stow Axm., Q. Eliz. an. 1588 (R.) The Spanish nauie
for six days space. .coasting and discoasting from England
to the coast of Fraunce, and from thence to England,
and thence to Fraunce agayne. ;
2. fig. To withdraw, depart: the opposite of
Coast v. 8, to approach.
@ 1677 Barrow Ser, (1683) I, xx. 280 Do we not sometimes
grievously reproach them. . for discosting from our practice?
Tid. VW. xxii, 34x Never willingly to discost from truth
and equity. i
Hence + Discoa‘sted £//. a., withdrawn from ccn-
tiguity, removed, distant. (=F. éloigné.) Obs.
1610 G. Fretcuer Christ's Vict. w.119 As far as heaven
and earth discoasted lie. 1622 H. Sypennam Seri. Sol.
Occ. 1. (1637) 67 His will. .as farre discoasted from tyranny,
as injustice. 1625 Liste Du Bartas 119 It is discoasted
further from the plain of Sennaar. a 1677 Barrow Serv.
(1683) II. xvi. 232 To settle himself in, or to draw others to,
a full persuasion. .discosted from truth,
Discoblastic, -blastula : see Disco-.
Discobole. Zo0/. [a.mod.F.déscobole (Cuvier),
in pl. discoboles, ad. mod.L. dtscoboli (pl. of
Discopotus: see below).] A fish of the group
Discobol’, in Giinther’s system, a family of Acan-
thopterygii gobiiformes, having the ventral fins
formed into a disk or sucker.
Discobolic (diskobp‘lik), a. rare. [f. L. dis-
cobol-us (see next) + -10.] Pertaining to a disco-
bolus or quoit-thrower; quoit-throwing.
1822 T. L. Peacock Maid Marian v. 202 His discobolic
exploit proved the climax of his rage. :
|| Discobolus (diskp-bélas). Class. Antig. Also
erron, -bulus. [L., a. Gr. deaxoBddos discus-
thrower, f. dicxos disk, discus + -BoAos -throwing,
-thrower, f. ablaut-grade of BadAev to throw.] A
thrower of the Discus; an ancient statue repre-
senting a man in the act of throwing the discus.
1727 Arsutunot & Pore Martin. Scriblerns 1, vi, The
Discoboli..were naked to the middle only. 1851 J. Grsson
in Eastlake Life (1857) 185 (Stanf.) In the same room is the
Discobulus of Myron, in the act of throwing, his discus.
1877 Wraxet Hugo's * Miserables’ 11. cxxx. 28 Vejanus
the discobolus lives again in the rope-dancer Forioso.
Discocarp, Discocephalous, etc. : see Disco-.
+Disco'gnisance. és. rare—'. [a. OF.
descognesance, -oissance ignorance (13th c. in
Godef.), f. des-, Dis- 4 + cognoissance knowledge,
CoenizAnce.] Non-recognition.
©1477 Caxton Fasor 33 b, Put.not ye your [error for the]
DISCOLORIZATION,
herte in discognysaunce by the whiche your noble royaume
is put in pees [/7, ne mettez le cueur en descognoissance].
+ Discohe‘rent, a. Ods. [f. Dis- 10 + Co-
HERENT.] Without coherence ; incoherent, incon-
gruous. So +Discohe'rence Ods., want of coher-
ence or agreement ; incoherence, incongruity.
a 1600 Hooker Serm, iii. Wks. 1845 II. 730 An opinion
of discoherence. . between the justice of God and the state
of men in this world. 1675 J. Smitu Chr. Nelig. Appeal 1.
32 They .. made the parts so incongruous, discoherent, in-
consequent, nay, contradictory to one another.
Discohexaster: see Disco-.
Liscoid (di:skoid), a. and sé. [ad. L. d¢scotdés,
a. Gr. d:cxoeéns quoit-shaped, f. dicxos Discux,
quoit + -e5ns -form. In mod.F. discorde.]
- adj.
1. Of the form of a quoit or disk, disk-shaped ;
(more or less) flat and circular; in Conchol., used
of spiral shells of which the whorls lie in one plane,
1830 Linptey Nat, Syst. Bot. 101 Stigmas .. discoid and
4-lobed. 1849 Murcuison Séduria ix. 197 Discoid and
angular univalves, 1854 Jones & Sirv. Pathol. Anat.
(1874) 7 The red corpuscles are round discoid bodies, with
two concave surfaces.
2. Bot. Of composite flowers: Having or con-
sisting of, a disk only, with no ray, as in Tansy.
1794 Martyn Rousseanu's Bot. x. 102 Ray called them
discoid flowers [Déscoidez], 1857 Henrrey Bot, § 131 Some
pitula are wholly disccid, such as those of Groundsel, of
Thistles, etc. 1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 184 Flowers all
tubular (head discoid).
B. sé. A body resembling a disk in shape. b.
Conchol, See quot. 1846 and cf. A, I.
1828 Weaster, Discoid, something in form of a discus or
disk. 1846 Worcester, D/scoid (Conch.), a univalve shell
of which the whorls are disposed vertically on the same
plane so as to form a disk.
Discoidal (diskoi-dal), a.
= DIscorp.
Discoidal segmentation of an ovum (Embryol.): segmen-
tation producing or resulting in a disk-shaped mass of cells.
1706 [see Discous]. 1819 G. SAMOUELI *ntomol. Com-
pend. 148 Elytra..with some impressed discoidal punctures.
1854 Woopwarp Mollusca iv. (1856) 41 ‘The discoidal
planorbis sometimes becomes perforated by the removal of
its inner whirls. 1869 Huxtey PAys. iii. 67 By adding dense
and weak solutions alternately, the [blood] corpuscles may
be made to become successively spheroidal and discoidal.
Discolith (diskolip). Azo/. [f. Disco- + -L1tH.]
A kind of coccolith of the form of a flattened disk.
(Cf. CYATHOLITH. )
1875 Carpenter Microsc. & Rev. § 367 Two distinct types
are recognizable among the Coccoliths, which Prof. Huxley
has designated respectively discoliths and cyatholiths. 1883
J. H. Wricut Sct. Dogmatism 8 This jelly [Bathybius] ..
forming deposits thirty feet thick, with. imbedded granules,
coccoliths, discoliths [etc.]. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Discolith,
flattened or concavo-convex circular coccoliths found in the
ooze brought up in deep-sea dredgings.
Discolor (di'skvla1, -kyld1), a. Nat. Hist. [a,
L. discolor, discolor-us not the same colour, varic-
gated, f. d7s-, Dis- 1 + color CoLour; the opposite
of concolor. Cf. F. discolore in same sense.]}
a. Of different colours ; having one part of one
colour and another of another. b. Of a different
colour from some other (adjacent) part or organ.
1866 in 77as. Bot. 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex.
Discolor, v.: see DIscoLour.
Biscolorate (diskz:ler-, -kplorét), a. [ad.
med.L. discolordat-us, pa. pple. of discolorare (Du
Cange) to Discotour; cf. OF. descoloré (Godef.).]
Discoloured ; of different colours.
In recent Dicts. :
Discolorate (diskv'lore't), v. rare. Also 7
discolourate. [f. med.L. dzsco/drat-, ppl. stem f.
discolorare: see prec.] trans. =DISCOLOUR v. I.
1651 Biccs New Disp. P 234 [It] doth variously affect and
perturb the bloud, and discolorate it. 1655 FuLLER CA.
Hist. ut. vi. § 31 The Clergie complained, that .. the least
mixture of Civil concernment in Religious matters so dis-
colourated the Christian candor and purity thereof, that
[etc]. 1871 R. Exuis Catudlus xi. 7 Fields the rich Nile
discolorates, a seven-fold River abounding, ;
Discoloration, discolouration (diskvlar-,
-kploréifan). [n. of action f. DiscoLoratE v.: cf.
OF. discoloracion (1495 in Godef.).] The action
of discolouring, or condition of being discoloured ;
alteration or loss of colour; discolourment.
1642 H. More /wzmort. Soul i. ii. 36 Pure light without
discolouration. 1763 W. Lewts Commerc. Phil. Techn. 38
‘There is no other metallic body, so little susceptible of
tarnish or discoloration. ¢1870 J. G. Murpny Comm, Lev.
xiii. 49 The sources of discoloration or decay in woven or
leather fabrics. 1892 STEVENSON Across the Plains 44 With
none of the litter and discoloration of human life.
b. concer, A discoloured formation, marking, or
patch ; a stain.
1684 Boyt Porousn. Anim. § Solid Bod. iii. 17 Black
and blew Discolorations of the skin, that happen upon some
..contusions. 1842 PricHarp Nat, Hist. Man 89 Brown
discolorations are often found. 1860 Maury Phys. Geog.
Sea xviii. § 747 These discolourations are no doubt caused
by organisms of the sea, °
Discoloriza‘tion. rare. [f. *discolorize (f.
Dis- 6 + CoLorizk) + -ATION: cf. colorization.] =
DISCOLORATION, DISCOLOURMENT.
185r CARLYLE Séerding I. iii. (1871) 17 The a of the
3*-2
[f. as prec. + -aL..]
“DISCOLOROUS.
hy ee a ees
;t of time on all the walls. 1893
Daily News 21 Feb, 3/3 The discolourization and close tex-
ture which was teristic of the bread.
Discolorous (diskw loras, -kp‘léras), a, [f. L.
discolor, discolor-us (see above) + -ous.] =Dis-
COLOR a.
1882 LEncycl. Brit. XIV. 554 (Lichens) Usually they
{apothecia] are discolorous, and may -be black, cen.
yellowish, or also less frequently rose-coloured, rusty-
red, orange-reddish, saffron, or of various intermediate
shades,
Discolour, discolor (disky1lo1),v. [In senses
1, 2, ad. OF. descolorer, -coulourer, in 11th c. des-
culurer = Pr. and Sp. descolorar, It. and med.L.
discolorare, Romanic deriv. f. des-, d#s- (D1s- 4) +
L. colordre to colour, taking the place of L. déco-
lorare: see DE- pref. 1.6, and cf. DEcoLouR v. In
sense 3, from L. discolor adj.: see DiscoLor.]
1. “rans. To alterthe proper or natural colour of;
esp. to make of a duller, less pleasing, dingy, or
unnatural colour; to spoil the colour of, stain,
tarnish. (Sometimes sfcc. To deprive of colour,
render pale or faded.)
¢ 1380 Sir Ferumb. 1079 Ac ys Fysage al discolourid was,
for is blod was gon away. 1382 Wycur Song Sol. i. 5
Wileth not beholden, that I be broun, for discoloured me
hath the sunne. x Caxton Chivalry 6 By the penaunce
that he dayly made he was moche discolourd and lene.
1599 Suaks. //en. V, ut. vi. 171 If we be hindred, We shall
your tawnie ground with your red blood Discolour. 164;
CLARENDON Contempl. Ps. Vracts (1727) 466 Herbs, witch
.-the first frost nips and discolours. 1794 Suttivan View
Nat. 1. 220 The sulphurous acid in the mephitic waters,
which have the property of discolouring silver. 1842-5
Browninc The Glove Wks. 1889 V. 42 Does the mark yet
discolour my cheek? 1880 Geix1e PAys. Geog. iv. 289 After
heavy rain even the clearest brook has its water discoloured
by the earth it is carrying down,
b. fig.
31599 Marston Sco. Villanie 1, iv. 189 Ingrain'’d Habits,
died with often dips, Are not so soone discoloured. 1626
‘T. H{awxiys] Caussin's Holy Crt. 53 Frivolous employ-
ments .. discolour the lustre, and honour of your name.
a1748 Watts (J.), Lest some beloved notion .. so prevail
over your mind as to discolour all your ideas. 188 STE-
veNsON Virg. Puerisgue 16 Some whimsy in the brain ..
which discoloured all experience to its own shade,
2. intr. (for ref.) To become discoloured or
pale ; to lose or change colour. (Also fig.)
(1555-1598 See below, Discotourtnc.] 1641 J. SHuTE
Sarah & Hagar (1649) 29 Those .. that, having had good
education and great estates left, discolour from the one and
dissipate the other, 1654 WuiTLock Zoofomia 187 Such
like Imputations, seemingly black and dark, will discolour
into Encomiums, 1883 Hardwick's Photogr. Chem. (ed.
Taylor) 287 This Nitrate of Silver must.,be very pure, else
the developer will soon discolour.
+3. ¢rans. To render of different colours; to
adorn with various colours, to variegate, (Cf.
DIScoLouRED 3.) Ods.
1656 Biounr Glossogr., Discolor ..to make of divers
colours. 1665 Sir T. Hersert 7rav. (1677) 129 High
‘Towers. .leaded in some part, in other part discoloured with
gold and blue. :
+b. To render different in colour. Ods. rare.
@ 1661 FULLER Worthies (1840) III. 88 Thereby it is dis-
coloured from ox-beef that the buyer be not deceived,
Hence Disco'louring vé/. sb. and ffi. a.
1555 Even Decades 310 These colours .. from whyte
they go to yelowe by discolourynge to browne and redde.
1598 I’Lorio, Scoloramento, a discolouring, a growing pale
or sallowe. @1657 Lovetacr Poems (1864) 161 Not that
you feared the discolo’ring cold Might alchymize their silver
into gold. 1 J. Smitu Eng, linprov. Reviv'd 197 It ..
clears the..skin from spots and discolourings. 1741 Monro
Anat, (ed. 3) 291 Swelling, Discolouring, or other Mark of
Bruise. 875 tr. Vogel's Chem. Light i. 3 This discolouring
effect of light has been long turned to practical use in the
bleaching of linen.
Discolour, discolor, 53. Now rave. [f.
Dis- 9 + CoLoun 56., after DiscoLour v.] The
state of being discoloured; loss or change of
colour; discoloration, stain,
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xix, viii. (1495) 868 Soden
palenesse and dyscolour is a token of drede. 1664 Evecyn
Sylva (1776) 459 The Jaundice in trees known by the Dis-
colour of the leaves and buds, 1812 Examiner 7 Sept.
563/2 The blue tinge of mildew.. will only tip with a slight
discolour a part of the kernels. 1847 Busuneit Chr. Nurt.
iv. (1861) 102 No moral discolor.
Discoloured, -ored (disk laid), ppl. a. [f.
roper or natural colour ;
DIsco.our v. +-ED |]
1. Altered from the
deprived of colour, pale; changed to a duller,
dingier, or unnatural colour; stained, tarnished,
(Also Le)
a, beak Conf. 111. 339 The discoloured pale hewe Is
now me a ruddy cheke. 1422 tr, Secreta Secret., Priv.
Priv. (E, E. T. S.) 234 Who-so hath the visage litill «and
Streyte, yelowe and Giacolonssa he is ful malicious. 1593
Suaks, Lucr. 708 With lank and jean discolour’d cheek, 1732
Pore Ef. Cob) 34 All Manners take a tincture from our
own; Or come discolour'd thro’ our Passions shown, 1840
F. D, Bennerr Whaling Voy. 11. 112 The green, or dis-
coloured, water which marks the extent of D’Agulhas
nk.
b, Her. (See quot.)
1610 Guitum Heraldry im. xii. (1611) 123 Foure footed
beasts, whether they be borne proper, or discoloured (that is
to say varying from their naturall colour), :
420
+2. Without colours, divested of colours, Ods.
nOnCE-USE,
1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. v. ii, Amo. And have
still in hat the former colours. Mer. You lie, sir, I have
none: I have pulled them out, I meant to play discoloured.
+3. Variously coloured; of different colours;
variegated, particoloured. [from L. azscolor, dis-
colorus.| Obs.
147 Riptey Comp, Alch, 1. viii. in Ashm, (1652) 141 Wyth
Flowers dyscoloryd bewtyosely to syght. 1595 SPENSER
Epithal. 51 Diapred lyke the discolored mead. @ 1597 PEELE
David & Bethsabe (1599) 8 May that sweet plain .. Be still
ll'd with discolour'd flowers. . Brooke tr.
Le Blanc’s Trav. 307 Beautifyed with columns of dis-
colour’d marble.
b. Differently coloured, the one from the other.
1651 CLEVELAND Poems 25 Who askt the Banes ‘twixt these
discolour'd Mates?
Hence Disco‘louredness, the quality of being
discoloured.
1674 R. Goprrey /nj. § Ab. Physic 77 Losing that dis-
colouredness which appeared in the Fever.
Discolourment (diskyloimént). [f. Dis-
COLOUR ¥. + -MENT.] The act of discolouring, or
fact of being discoloured ; discoloration.
1810 Bentuam Packing (1821) 176 A picture which cannot
be charged with hostile distortion or discolourment. 18:
J. R. Dantey /utrod. Beaum. & Fl. Wks. 1. 25 They ha
not his imagination to throw its splendid discolourment over
all realities. 1859 Tennent Ceylon IL. 1x. v. 490 Accidents
.. involving the damage of the coffee by sca-water, or its
discolourment by damp.
Discombi'ne, v. vare. [D1s-6.] rans. To
undo the combination of, to disjoin, disunite, (In
quot. zxfr, for ref. To become disunited.)
1888 A. S. Witson Lyric of Hopeless Love 1. 9 The parts
can never discombine One essence which contain,
Discomedusan: see D1sco-,
+ Discomfect, f//. a., latinized by-form of D1s-
COMFIT, discomfited.
@ 1529 SKELTON Agst. Scottes 84 That late were discom-
fect with battle marciall.
Discomferd, obs. pa. pple. of Discomrort v.
Disco-mfis, -fish, v. Sc. Forms: a. pfle.
and fa. t, 5 discumfyst, 6 -fist, -feist, -comfeist,
-fest, -confeist, 9 discomfisht. [A by-form of
DiscomFit v., a. OF. desconfis- present stem of
desconfire (pr. pple. desconfisant, pr. subj. -confise).
In early use chiefly in pa. pple. and pa. t. déscum-
fist (cf. F. pret. 27 desconfist); modern present
tense discomfish, also SCOMFISH.] = DIScOMFIT v.
c 1470 Henry Wallace 1. 429 Ane that has discumfyst ws
all. 1536 BeLLENDEN Cron. Scot. (1821) 1. p. xxvii, Discum-
fist be thair ennimes. 1549 Comfd. Scot. ix. 77 Gedeon, vitht
thre hundretht men, discumfeist ane hundretht and tuenty
thousant. 1553 Douglas’ ‘eneis x. xiv. 24 Ane man was
brocht to ground ‘And discomfest [MS. discumfyt] wyth sa
grislie ane wound. 1570 /ragedie 264 in Satir. Poems
Reform. (1890)90 Bot we the Langsyde hill befoir thame wan,
And .. disconfeist thame. 1825-80 Jamieson, Discom/fisht,
overcome, 1894 Literal 1 Dec. 72/1 Ye're a puir feckless
fushionless discomfisht body.
Discomfit (diskymfit), v. Forms: Pa. pfle.
3 deskumfit, 4 desconfit, -cumfit(e, -coumfit,
-confet, 4-6 discumfit, -fyt, -comfit, -fyt, -con-
fit(e, dyscumfyt, 5 dis-, dyscounfite, -comfyd,
-fid. Pres, 4 discounfit, dyscumfyte, 4-6 discon-
fit(e, -fyte, discomfite, -fyte, 5 dyscowmfytyn,
5-6 dyscomfyt, 5- discomfit (6 -feit). [ME. des-
confit, -cum/fit, ete., a, OF . desconfit, -cunfit, -cum-
fit (:—L. type *disconfectus), pa. i 98 of desconfire,
mod.F. déconfire to discomfit:—late pop.L. dis-
conficére (Du Cange), f. dis- +L, pel 5 58 to put
together, frame, make ready, accomplish, complete,
finish ; also, to finish up, destroy, consume; f. con-
together + facére to do, put, In Romanic, con-
Jicere, confectare, retained the constructive sense,
as in F. confire, Sp. confettar, while disconficére,
from Dis- 4, has that of ‘destroy, undo’ (so Pr,
desconfir, \t. disconfiggere). The OF. desconfit was
first taken into Eng. in its proper sense as a parti-
ciple, and used to form a passive voice, as ‘he
was desconfit’, i.e. completely undone ; whence it
was subsequently taken as the stem of a verb, des-
confit-en, The pa. pple. (and pa. t.) continued to
be disconfit (also -confid) till end of 15th, and
occasionally tiil end of 16th c., but déscom/fited from
the verb is found from 15th, For the Sc. form, see
rec.
1. trans. To undo in battle; to defeat or over-
throw completely ; to beat, to rout.
@ 1225 Ancr, R, 250 Peo ne muwen beon deskumfit ne ouer-
kumen, 0 none wise. a 1300 Cursor MM. 7799 yon Pai er
discumfit [Gé¢#. scumphited] wit pair fas, geal es slan and
ionathas. 1303 R. Brunne Hanadl, Synne 4986 Pey ordey-
nede hem .. Ajens pe Phylystynes for to fs And hem dys-
cumfyte slo. c¢x330 — Chron. Wace — 100.
Schamely .. ar we desconfit! ax ‘oseph Arim. 61 An
pei discounfitede him han and pets ul 1393 LancL.
P. Pi.C. 1, 108 Pei were disconfit in bataille. ¢xg00 MAUNDEV,
(Roxb) xiii. 55 Gedeon and ccc. men with him discoumfit
three kynges. cx Promp. Parv. 122/1 mfytyn,
confuto, supero, vine, ¢ 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 5900
pai wer all discomfyd. 1548 Hatt Chron, Z IV, 204d,
Ss great
Dowglas. 1678 Wan.ey Wond. Lit. World v. i. § 78. 466/2
He went after to the Holy Land, where he Sov heod te
Turks in three great 1792 Anecd. W. Pitt 1.305 Her
[France’s] arms had been discomfited in every quarter.
1852 Miss Yoncr Cameos II. ii. 20 ‘Come, and we shall dis-
Tee ar Basch Niue Dias pats Wiese Wea ail; Sele
ig. 1ccs New Disp, » 281 Farre «to di
comfit, overcome, and on diseases.
2. gen. a. To defeat or overthrow the plans or
purposes of; to thwart, foil. b. To throw into
perplexity, confusion, or dejection; to cast down
= to disconcert. ¥
1 ARBOUR Bruce 111. 197 And fra the hart be discumfyt,
‘The body is nocht worth a m 1400 Ywaine § Gaw. 1349
A sari man than was Sir Kay .. Al descumfite he lay on
grownde. 1530 Patsar. 518/r, I discomfyte, I put one out
of comforte. ze desconfys. 1596 Suaxs. Tam. Shr. 1. i. 164
Wel go with me, and be not so discomfited. 1639 FULLER
Holy War .xvii.(1647)26 Many — stole away, whereat
the rest were no whit Slecomted. 1660 Suarrock Vegetables
149 Not impeded by those wants that usually discomfit
rivate persons in such enquiries. 1848 Dickens Dombdey i,
mbey was quite discomfited by the question. 3872 Biack
Adv, Phacton ix. 132 Bell, i of past b lidi
d rather di fited.
+c. To frustrate or defeat of. Obs. rare.
1548 Haut Chron., Hen. VJ (1809) 155 The Capitain dis-
comfited of al releve and succour rendered the fortresse.
Hence Disco'mfited f7/. a, ; Disco'mfiting vé/.
sd., discomfiture.
©1386 Cuaucer Ant.’s 7.1861 Ne ther was holden no dis-
confitynge But as a Justes or a turneiynge. 1535 CovERDALE
1 Macc. iv. 35 Lysias seynge the discomfetynge of his men
and the manlynesse of the lewes. 1603 Kno.ies Hist. Turks
(1638) 170 The rest of his discomfited army flying headlong
back again to Constantinople. 1877 Mrs. Oxtpnant Makers
Flor. 255 The sh d and di d amb dors ..went
hastily away.
+ Disco-mfit, s. Os. [f Discomritv.] The
act of discomfiting, or fact of being discomfited ;
undoing, defeat, rout, discomfiture.
1422 tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. (E.E T.S.) 216 The
Sterrys makyth many mewyngys in the coragis of mene, and
of that comyth .. victories, and dyscomfites. c 1425 Eng/,
Cong. Irel. (E.E.T.S.) 30 The other weneden that thay
rted yn dyscomfyte. 1593 Suaxs. 2 /en. V/, v. ii. 86
ncureable discomfite Reignes in the hearts of all, 167%
Mitton Samson 469 Dagon must stoop, and shall e’re long
receive Such a discomfit, as shall quite despoil him Of
these boasted Trophies won on me. Mepwin Angler
in Wades 11. 314 *I'were slight to boast ‘Ihe foul discomfit
of that felon-host,
Discomfit, obs. pa. pple. of Discomrit 2,
See in the verb.
Disco'mfiter. Also 6 Sc. discomfatour.
[In early use a. OF, desconfitour (in Godef.); in
later, f. Discomrit v. + -ER'.] One who or that
which discomfits.
1528 Lynpesay Dreme 569 The Martyris war as nobyll
stalwart Knychtis,—Discomfatouris of creuell battellis thre,
The flesche, the warld, the feind. 1820 Mirman Fadl Yeru-
salent (1821) 89 What birth So meet and —o great
Discomfiter? 1886 Sat, Rev. 24 Apr. 571/1 discomfiter
of Mr, Chamberlain.
Discomfiture (diskz'mfitiiiz). Forms: 4 des-
confiture, 5 -comfiture, 4- dis-. See also the
shortened ScomriturnE. [a. OF. desconfiture rout,
defeat (12th c, in Hatz~Darm.), F. déconfiture, =
Pr. descofitura, Olt. sconfittura, med.L. disconfec-
tira, {. disconficére to rout, overthrow (Du Cange) :
see Discomrit and -uRE.] The action of discom-
fiting, or fact of being discomfited.
1, Complete defeat in battle, overthrow, rout.
¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron, Wace (Rolls) 14212 Moddred ne
myghte in bataille dure But euere was at desconfiture. ¢ 1400
Maunpev. (Roxb.) xiii, 56 When he come fra pe descomfiture
of his enmys. Caxton Faytes of A, 1, viii. 20 After the
desconfiture Hanybal dyde doo serche the felde. 1560 Rot-
LAND Crt. Venus 11. 234 Of Italie siclik disconfeitour, 1§91
Snaxs. 1 Hen. V1,1. 1, 59 Sad tidings bring I..Of losse, of
laughter, and di: fi 1777 Tso /1ist. Amer,
(1778) II. v. 84 A few days after the discomfiture of Narvaez,
a courier arrived. 1849 Macautay //ist. Eng. 1. 561 What
army ¢ ded debating club ever escaped discom.
fiture and disgrace ? :
2. gen, a. Defeat, overthrow, or frustration of
plans or hopes; utter disappointment. b. Com-
plete disconcertment or putting to confusion.
¢ 1374 Cuaucer Anel, § Arc. 326 For in this worlde nys
Creature bt ag in moore discumfiture Pane I, 1§13
in
Brapsnaw St. Werburge 1. 2140 Yet after all heu
penaunce, Fs F sin soy She reio: in soule. gan
Contentm. x. v. 231 That accursed thing which has caused
our discomfeiture. 1828 Life Planter Jamaica 79 To rely
ises ., Id end regret ure,
1885, Duncatsy in Masch. Brat, 23 Mar. 6/1 A ripple of
langtet follows the discomfiture of his questioner,
+ e. sical + say, or aye eo "ay
: ts trie Di lu
han ume een B ‘alle assault F'Rume.
ComFort. a. OF, desconfort
disheartening. Obs. F
i375 Bannour Bruce xt. 488 Oftsiss of ane vord may riss
DISCOMFORT.
Discomfort and tynsall with-all. ¢1470 Henry Wadlace x.
168 The tothir Scottis.. For disconford to leiff the feild was
boun. 1496 Dives § Paup. (W. de W.) vi. xviii. 264/1 More
dyscomforte it is to an oost yf they see theyr chefteyne flee
.-.and more comfort to the enmyes. 1512 Act 4 Hen. V///,
c. 20 §2 To the great discomforte and fere of your true
officers. 155x CrowLey Pleas. § Payne 81 Wyth spytefull
wordis of disconforte.
+2. Absence or deprivation of comfort or glad-
ness; desolation, distress, grief, sorrow, annoyance.
Obs. (exc. as in 3).
1382 Wycur Matt, xxiv. 15 The abhomynacioun of dis-
comfort, that is seid of Danyel, the prophete. 1413 Pilgr.
Sow/e \Caxton 1483) 1. iii. 4 This dell ers also bygan
to cryen, wherof I was ful gretely annoyed and in ful hyghe
discomfort. 1529 More Com. agst. Trib.1. Wks. 1144/1 So
is the discomfort of that persone desperate, that desyreth
not his owne coumforte. 1577 B. Gooce Heresbach's /1usb,
ut. (1586) 150 For swine .. eate not onely their owne, but
yoong children .. to the pittiful discomfort of the parent.
tes Seixs. Ant. & Cl. Ww. iii. 34 What meane you (Sir) To
giue them this discomfort ? Looke they weepe. @ 1716 SouTH
J), In solitude there is not only discomfort but weakness
so. 1847 Loner. £v. 1. i. 68 Thus did that poor soul
wander in want and in cheerless discomfort.
+b. with #2 Something that causes distress ;
a trouble, grief. Ods. or avch. (exc. as in 3b).
1386 Cuaucer Frankl. 7. 168 Here freendes sawe that
it was no disport To romen by the see but disconfort. 1536
WariotHestey Chron, (1875) 1. 33 Which was a great dis-
compfort to all this realme. 1562 1. S. (¢/¢/e', Truth tried :
very comfortable to the faithful, but a discomfort to the
enemies of God. 1859 Tennyson Elaine 1066 This discom-
fort he hath done the house.
3. Now in weakened sense: The condition of
being uncomfortable; uneasiness (of mind or
body) : cf. Comrort sd. 6, COMFORTABLE a, 7, 10.
1841 Lane Arad, Nis. 1. 85, I will cure thee without any
discomfort to thy person, 31842 A. Combe Physiol. Digestion
(ed. 4) 205 The great discomfort which attends the subse-
quent indigestion of a heavy dinner. 1855 Macautay //7s¢.
Fite III. 255 The Scots .. began to find that independence
had its discomfort as well as its dignity. 1852 Sir B. Bropie
Psychol. Ing. W11, iv. 126 ‘The excitement produced by the
cigar is followed by a feeling of discomfort.
b. with A/. Something that makes one uncom-
fortable; an inconvenience, hardship. (Cf. Com-
FORT sd. 7.)
1841 James Brigandi, The inconveniences and discomforts
which those beautiful days of the south sometimes bring.
1849 Macautay //ist. Eng. I. 485 The troops who had gone
on shore had many discomforts to endure, 1885 E, Garrett
At Any Cost i. 19 Mrs. Sinclair was one of those who in-
stinctively avoid all avoidable discomforts.
q Formerly, like the vb., confused with Discom-
FIT sd.
1589 Putrennam Eng. Poesie 1. xxiv, (Arb.) 62 Ouerthrowes
and discomforts in battell.
Discomfort (diskv'mfait),v. Also 4-6 dys-,
-con-: see Comrort. [ME. discomfort, descon-
Sort, a. OF. desconfort-er (12th c. in Littré), mod.
F. déonforter, f. des-, Dis- 4 + conforter COMFORT
v.3 cf. It. désconfortare.]
+1. trans. To deprive of courage or strength of
mind; to discourage, dishearten, dismay. Ods.
¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 70 Discomfort no ping be,
so faire happe neuer pou fond. ¢1340 Cursor M. 15543
(Fairf.) Loke 3e 3u disconfort [earlier texts misinay] no3t.
1503-4 Act 19 Hen. VII, c. 28 Preamb., The seid sueters..
were .. disconforted & in dispayre of expedicion of ther
suetes. 1606 Suaks. 77. § Cr. v. x. 10 My Lord, you doe
discomfort all the Hoste. a@1677 Manton True Circum-
cision Wks. 1871 II. 39 The mind .. which is naturally dis-
comforted and weakened .. is mightely revived and encour-
aged with these glad tidings. 1706 Puitirs (ed. Kersey),
Discomfort . to afflict, cast down, or put out of Heart.
+2. To deprive of comfort or gladness; to
distress, grieve, sadden ; to render disconsolate or
sorrowful. Ods. or arch. (exc. as in 3).
1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) 1. iii. 4 The syght of some
thynges that I sawe gladyd moche my herte and the syght
of somme other thynges dyscomfortyd me hugely. ¢ 1489
Caxton Sonnes of Aymion xxviii. 590 Ye doo not well for to
make soo grete sorowe, nor to discomforte yourself so moche
as bo doo. a 1833 Lp. Berners //won xlvii. 159 She was
‘ght sorowfull and sore dyscomfortyd. 1698 Norris Pract.
#sc. 1V. 109 Is not every Man concern’d to provide that
neither the Desire of Life may imbitter his Death, nor the
of Death discomfort his Life? 1845 T. W. Coit
Puritanism 386 The man who went to discomfort Abp.
ud in his imprisonment. 1882 Rossetti Badd. §& Sonn.,
Rose Mary, Long it was ere she raised her head And rose
up all discomforted. 7
+b. intr. (for ref.) To distress oneself, grieve.
Obs. rare.
1554-9 in Songs §& Ball., Philip §& Mary (1860) 3 O why
shold we be..sad? Or for to dyscomfort what thyng shold
us ge ee ?
3. Now in weakened sense; To make uncom-
fortable or uneasy (mentally or physically).
1856 Ruskin Mod. Paint. 1V.v. xix. § 27 He is careless...
nor feels discomforted, though his walls should be full of
fissures like the rocks, 1859 THackeray Virgin. (1879) I. 296
Mr. Wolfe looked very much discomforted. 1893 Q. [Coucu]
Delectable Duchy 37 The Registrar..was discomforted by a
pair of tight boots. Zod, Does the want of the cushion
discomfort you?
‘| Formerly, often confused with or used for Dis-
COMFIT V., q.v.
1382 Wycur Matz. xii, 25 Eche kyngdam departid a3eins
7 self, shal be desolat, or discounfortid. 1483 Caxton
de and
421
thre thousand persones. 1596 J. Norpen Progr. Pietie
(1847) 102 When the wicked shall fall and be utterly dis-
comforted. 1603 KNoties Hist. /'urks (1638) 288 The Turks
discomforted with the inuincible courage of these old soldiers
.-betooke themselues to flight. 1628 Crt. & 7imes Chas. I
(1848) I. 410 The news .. almost discomforted our hopes.
Hence Disco'mforted ///. a., Disco-mforting
vl. sh, and ppl. a.; Disco-mfortedly, Disco'm-
fortingly advs.
ch J R. Grouc. (1724) 212 Po be Romeyns were wyp out
chef, dyscomforted hii were. 1375 Barsour Bruce ut. 193 For
throw mekill disconforting Men fallis off into disparyng.
¢ 1400 Melayne 240 The Sarazen slewe oure cristyn knyghte,
It was dyscomforthynge. 1556 Aurelio § /sab. (1605) L ij,
The bitter teares of the disconfortede Quene. 1787 IVildiam
of Normandy 1, 114 Amid the unavailing sorrows of a now
discomforted people. 1857 Sir F. Parcrave Norm. § Eng.
II. 418 A most discomforting knowledge of the conse-
quences which had ensued. 1873 Miss Broucuton Nancy
III. 64, I snubbedly and discomfortedly put them in my
own breast. 1891 G. Merepitu Oxe of our Cong. II. i. 13
Inyoluntarily, discomfortingly.
Discomfortable (disky-mfaitab'l), z. [a. OF.
desconfortable (in Godef.), f. desconforter: see D1s-
COMFORT v, and COMFORTABLE. ]
1. Causing discouragement, distress, grief, or
annoyance; destroying, or tending to destroy,
comfort or happiness. Ods. or arch. (exc. as in 2).
1413 Pilger. Sow/e (Caxton 1483) 1v. xx, 68 Nothyng agre-
able, hit is to me but ful discomfortable. 1535 CoveRDALE
Ecclus, xviii. 15 Speake no discomfortable wordes. —@ 1572
Knox Hist. Ref Wks. (1846) I. 375 We hard nothing of
him bot threatning and disconfortable wordis, 1593 SHAKS.
Rich. 11, 1. ii, 36 Discomfortable cousin ! knowest thou not,
[etc.]. 1600 Haktuyt Joy. (1810) 111. 349 As ioyfull to me,
as discomfortable to them. 1655 Diccrs Compl. Ambass.
374 She said she would write a few words to you ..which I
prayed her might not be discomfortable. 1846 ‘TreNcu
Mirvac. xxiii. (1862) 345 He breaks the silence .. but it is
with an answer more discomfortable than was even the
silence itself. 1891 Sat. Rev. 14 Nov. 543/1 Lord Salisbury’s
perhaps discomfortable remarks,
+b. Marked by absence of comfort or happi-
ness ; comfortless, miserable. Ods.
1529 More Com/f. agst. Trib. 1. Wks. 1189'1 The nyght
is, of the nature self, dyscomfortable & ful of feare. 1586
3riGHT Alelanch. xvii. 103 ‘The body thus possessed with
the discomfortable darknes of melancholie. 1622, Donne
Serm. cxix. V. 117 Though it be the discomfortablest thing
in the world, not to have known Christ.
2. Wanting in material comfort or convenience ;
causing physical discomfort or uneasiness; posi-
tively uncomfortable, comfortless.
1607 DekKER Northw. Hoe 1. Wks. 1873 III. 17 Lodge me
in some discomfortable vault Where neither Sun nor Moone
may touch my sight. 1614 Rareicn //ist. World 1. 22
Neither could Moses forget the length of the way through
those discomfortable Desarts. 1854 Hawtiorne “ag. Note
ks. (1883) II. 208 Of all discomfortable places, I am in-
clined to reckon Aldershott Camp the most so. 1888 STEVEN-
SON in Scribner's Mag. Feb. 254 Pacing to and fro in his
discomfortable house.
8. Characterized by, or in a state of, discomfort
or uneasiness ; uncomfortable, uneasy.
1844 KincLakE Zothen (1847) 157, I never saw .. in the
most horridly stuffy ball room such a discomfortable collec-
tion of human beings.
+4. Not to be comforted; disconsolate, inconsol-
able. Obs. rare.
1535 CoverDALE Todit x. 4 She wepte with discomfortable
teares. [Wyct., vnremediable teris.]
Hence Disco-mfortableness; Disco’mfortably
adv,
1580 SipNey 4 rcadia (1622) 317 A death where the maner
could bee no comfort to the discomfortablenesse of the
matter, 1585 App. SaNvys Sevvz. (1841) 369 Weary of the
discomfortableness of the night. 1619 W. Sctater Ex.
1 Vhess. (1630) 435 Thy conscience must .. inferre the con-
clusion discomfortably. 1653 J. Bampreitp in Nicholas
Papers (Camden) II. 29 [They] speake very discomfortably
of it. 1873 Miss Broucnuton Nancy ILL. 105 ‘ How can
I tel?’ reply 1, discomfortably.
Discomforter. [f. Discomrorr v. + -rr!.
Cf. OF. desconforteur.| One who discomforts,
discourages, or distresses.
_ 1628 Earte Microcosm., Plodding Student (Arb.) 72 Hee
is a great discomforter of young Students. 1 Bocan
Alirth Chr. Life 80 Thus.will Christians comfort themselves,
let their discomforters say what they will.
+ Discomforture. Ods. rare. [f. Discom-
Fort v.: cf. discomfiture.] Discomfort, distress.
1539 Primer in Priv. Prayers (1851) 92 My heart is almost
like to brast, so great is my discomforture.
Discommend (disk/mend), v. [f. Dis- 6 +
ComMEND: cf. OF, descommander (13th c. in
Hatz.-Darm,).]
1. trans. To find fault with, express disapproba-
tion of: the opposite of ComMEND (sense 3).
1494 Fasyan Chron. vi. clvi. 145 In hym was no thynge to
be dyscommendyd, but that he helde his doughter so longe
vnmaryed. 1509 Barctay Shyp Folys (1570) 122, I shall
.. Lawde iust and good, and the euill discommende. _ 1557
Nortu tr. Gueuara’s Diall of Princes 90/2, 1 do discom-
mend, that the women should goe gadding a broade in
visitacion, a1639 W. WuaTELey Prototypes 1. iv. (1640) 31
The Lord bids men goe and learne of the Pismire, and
discommends idlenesse. 1676 SHapwe t Virtuoso w, I can-
not abide the sight of her since she discommended thee, m:
dear, 1860 Patmore /aithful for ever 1. 49 Who else shall
discommend her choice ?
Rr 1632 Brome Novella 1. Wks. 1873 I. 136 It is
tl 4
la Tour 1.iij, He allone d'scomforted
rule to di 1737 STACKHOUSE //ist,
DISCOMMODE.
Dible (1767) 1V. vu. iv. 519 The author neither commends
nor discommends,
2. To speak of dissuasively ; the opposite of Rr-
COMMEND (cf. COMMEND 2).
1533 Eryot Cas¢. /elthe u. vii. 23 The juyce of oranges
eaten with Sugar in a hotte fever is not to be dyscommended.
1621 Burton Avat. Mel. 1. ii. 1. i, Savanarola discommends
Goats flesh. 1879 Macrarren Counter/. (ed. 2) iii. 7 ‘Their
use. .is discommended to students.
3. ‘To cause (anything) to be unfavourably viewed
or received. ? Obs.
1579 Lyty Exphues (Arb.) 131 The manners of the childe
at the first are to be looked to that nothing discommend the
minde. _@1659 Bocan in Spurgeon 77eas. Dav. Ps. xxiii. 1
Only privative defects discommend a thing.
Hence Discomme‘nded ///. a.; Discomme-nd-
ing v0/. sb. and pf/.a.; also Discomme:nder, one
who discommends,
1544 Bate Chron. Sir ¥. Oldcastell in Hart. Misc. (Malh.)
I. 249 Wyth no small discommendings of some princes. 1586
A. Day Eng. Sec etary 1. (1625) 128 ‘lo the intent hee may
.. be instructed in the vilenesse and discommended parts of
the same, 1611 Cortcr., | 7éupereur, a dispraiser, discom-
mender. 1678 Drypren Ald for Love Pref., No part of a
poem is worth our discommending, where the whole Is insipid.
17oz S. Parker tr. De Linvbus 192 Having something in
them Discommending and Unacceptable. 1755 Jounson,
Discommender, one that discommends ; a dispraiser.
Discommendable diskgme‘ndab'l), a. [f.
prec. + -ABLE.]
1. To be discommended ; worthy of censure.
— Anprew Brunswyke’s Distyll. Waters Prol., It is
not dyscomendable for a man of more base lernynge to put
to his helping hande. 1583 Sruspes Anat, Aéuses 1. Yo
Rdr, p. xii, It is an exercise altogether discommend
vnlawfull. 1650 BuLWER 4 uthropomet, 201 Splendid apparel,
counterfeit crisped haire is more discommendable then the
nakednesse of these Barbarians, 1711 W. Kine tr. Nande's
Ref. Politics ii. 62 An y discommendable and shame-
ful. 1737 StackuouseE //ist, Bible (1767) LV. vu. iv. 517 ‘The
motives. .are not discommendable. 1833 Lams ///a Ser. 11.
Poor Rel.In a vein of no discommendable vanity.
+2. Not to be recommended; to be represented
dissuasively. Ods,
1533 Exyor Cast. Helthe 11. xiii. (1539) 31b, To them,
whiche use moche exercise, it is not discommendable. 1655
Movuret & Bennet Lealth’s Improv. (1746) 329 Rice is ..
discommendable only in that it 1s over-binding. 1684 tr.
Bonet’s Merc. Compit, xviii..644 Vhe eating of Flesh is not
discommendable, especially of. Animals.
Hence + Discomme‘ndableness ;
me‘ndably adv. Olds.
1656 W. D. tr. Comenius’ Gate Lat. Unl. § 663 Those
that do discommendably, reprove, rebuke, slight them. 1727
Batrey vol. II, Discommendableness, undeservingness of
commendation.
Discommendation (diske:méndéi-fon). [n.
of action from DiscomMMEND v.] The action of
discommending ; dispraise.
1573 Apr. Parker Corr. 427 In whose discommendation
.. your honour once did write to me
§ Souldiour 25 Oh good Sir! sp
dation of a Scholler, 21754 Ricnarpson Grandison (1781)
VI. lvi. 374, L had much rather. have been in the company
..than grubbing pens in my closet and all to get nothing but
discommendation. 1837 CartyLe J/iradeau Misc. Ess, (1888)
V. 232 Let him come, under what discommendation he
might, into any circle of men.
b. (with @ and #7.) A special instance of this.
1580 Lupton Sivgila 98 ‘Truely the crab is a discommen-
dation to the Peare tree that bare it. 1677 Gitein Demonol,
(1867) 117 That rebuke, ‘ Mary hath chosen the better part,”
is only a comparative discommendation.. 1841 L. Hunt
Seer il. (1864) 55 [We] hereby present the critics .. with our
hearty discommendations.
+ Discommi'ssion, 7. Oés. [f. Dis- 7 + Com-
MISSION sé.] _¢vans. ‘To deprive of a commission.
1622 Crt. & Times Fas. I (1849) 11. 287 All justices are
like to be discommissioned shortly, and a new choice made.
1641 Laup Hist. Acc. Chancellorship 142 (L.), 1 shall ..
proceed to discommission your printer and suppress his
press. 1659 Mitton Aupt. Commw., Wks. (1851) 401 For
discommissioning nine great Officers in the Army.
Discommittee: see Dis- 7.
+ Discormmodable, «. Oés.vare—'. [f. F.
discommoder to inconvenience, DISCOMMODATE +
-ABLE.] Disagreeable, annoying.
1579 Lwyne Phisicke agst. Fort. 1. xxii. 29 a, The smel of
womens oyntmentes is more discommodable then the odour
of flowres,
+ Disco‘mmodate, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 6 + Com-
MODATE v., after obs. F. a’scommod-er (Cotgr.).]
trans. To put to inconvenience; to disturb, trou-
ble; =next. Hence + Disco‘mmodated /#/. a.
1610 Crt. §& Times Fas. I (1849) 1. 119 After the sending
away her stuff, which. . will mae discommodate her, 1620
Wotton in Relig. Wotton. (1672) 533 None .. shall .. dis-
commodate, pillage ..or trouble one another. c 1645 HowELL
Lett. 1. u. xv, These Wars did so drain and discommodate
the King of Spain. 1649 Cromwe.t Le?é. 13 Aug. (Carlyle),
Sir, I desire you not to discommodate yourself because of
the money due to me.
[f Dis- 6 +
‘+ Discom-
Discommode (diskgmévd), v.
CoMMODE v., after obs. F. dzscommoder ; see prec.]
trans. To put to inconvenience or trouble; to
incommode, inconvenience,
733 L. M.
or fear of
ry2t Baitey, Disc de, to inc de,
tr. Du Boscg's Accomplish'd Woman 11. 127
discommoding his curls. 1818 Scorr Ht. Mid. 1, It could
not discommode you to receive any of his Grace's visiters
or mine, 1830 Garr Lawrie 7, mi. i, (1849) 84 Finding
. DISCOMMODED.
heiself and the f children dis
Z ded in the boat.
1085, Cuno Ballads i. Ixxviii. aay/2 The hero comes out
of his mound ..to tell her how discommodes him .,
every [tear] drop pierces, cold and bloody, to his breast.
Hence Discommo'ded £/. a., inconvenienced.
1828 in Wenster. 1880 jaily Tel. 30 Apr., Half-
art one
smothered ej o! n. y
+Discommo diate, v, Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6
+ ComMopIATE, used by the same author.] = prec.
1654 Eart Mono. tr. Bentivoglio's Warrs of Flanders 59
To have fought the Enemy by discommodiating them.
mmo‘dious, ¢. Ods. [f. Dis- 10 +
Commopious.] Causing trouble or inconvenience ;
inconvenient ; disadvantageous, troublesome.
1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII, c. 44 The..distaunce of the towne
from the parishe churches. .is veraie discommodious. 1577
B. Gooce Heresbach's Hush. 1. (1586) 179 b, The fixed, or
standing Hives, bee discommodious, as which you can
neither sell, nor remoove, 1601 R. Jonnson Aingd. &
Commw, (1603) 141 So discommodious is gluttonie to the
proceedings of the Christians. 1645 Mitton 7etrach. (1851)
154 A mariage. . totally discommodious, distastfull, dishonest
and pernicious to him. 1668 WiLkins Read Char. 29.
b. as sé, =Discommodious quality. rare.
1583 B. Gooce Let. in NV. & Q. Ser. in. IIT. 242, I can
verry well away wyth the dyscomodious off the contrey.
+Discommo‘diously, adv. [f. prec. + -L¥ 2.]
Inconveniently,
1633 I’. James Voy. 69 They had laine very discommodi-
ously all the winter, 1638 Mayne Lucan (1664) 81 Having
-.discommodiously washt.
+Discommo‘diousness. (és. [f. as prec.
+-NESS.]_ Discommodious quality ; unsuitability,
inconvenience ; a disadvantage.
1580 Nortn /’lutarch (1676\ 24 The discommodiousness of
the place, where was neither ground..to fly, nor yet any
space for any long chace. 1637 SanpeRSoN Serm. II. go We
. .begin to find those discommodiousnesses and incumbrances
which before we never thought of. 1675 Ocitay Brit, 186
The Discommodiousness of the Harbor 1s a great Occasion
of its not being well-frequented.
Discommodity (diskgmp-diti). [f. Dis- 9 +
Commopiry.]
1. The quality of being discommodious ; unsuit-
ableness, inconvenience, disadvantageousness.
1513 More Rich. /// in Grafton Chron. (1568) 11.798 He had
declared the discommoditie of discord, and the commoditie
of concord. 1§77 B. Goocr Heresbach's Husb, 1. (1586)
147 b, Of the discommoditie of Essex Cheese, our .. John
Haywood..meerily writeth. 1603 Knoties //ist. Turkes
(1621) 1335 Nassuf excused himself .. by reason of the dis-
commoditie of his health. a@1718 Penn Tracts Wks. 1726
I, 688 The Reason of the Alteration of the Law, ought to
be the Discommodity cf continuing it. 1829 Lams Leé?.
(1888) 224 You go about, in rain or fine, at all hours, without
discommodity. : ;
2. (with @ and f/.) A disadvantage, inconveni-
ence, trouble.
1531 Evyor Gov. 18. vi, These discommodities do happen
by implacable wrath. 1652-62 Heyiin Cosmogr. 11. (1682)
138 Patiently enduring all Discommodities of Cold, Rain,
and Hunger. 1662 Perry 7ares 35 It would be a great
discommodity to the Prince to take more then he needs.
1690 W. Wacker /diomat, Anglo-Lat. 476, have thought
of all the discommodities that may come unto me.
b. concer.
1879 Jevons /’o/. Econ. iii. (1885) 58 As the noun commo-
dities has been used .. as a concrete term, so we may now
convert déiscommodity into a concrete term, and speak of
discommoditics as substances or things which possess the
quality of causing inconvenience or harm.
Discommon (diskg‘mon), v. [f. Dis- 7, 8 +
Common sd. and a.: cf. also ComMON v.]
+1. ¢rans. To cut off from the membership of a
community ; sfec. a, to deprive of citizenship, dis-
franchise; b, to exclude from church fellowship,
excommunicate. Ods. :
1478 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 303 In opyn Court, the Mayer
a Natio. .declared the said persones nott discomened
nor disfraunchesid. 1588 Br. ANprewes Ninety-sic Sermons
(1843) V.41 Every man doeth what in him lieth to discommon
communities. @ 1600 Hooker Fee?. Po/. vit. Wks. 1845 II.
49t What though a man being severed by excommunica-
tion from the Church, be not thereby deprived of freedom
in the city ; nor being there discommoned, is thereby forth-
with. .excluded fromthe Church? 16g0-3 tr. //ales’ Dissert.
de Pace in Phenix (1708) 11, 382 We also ought to know the
causes why we discommon any of the Citizens in that
.. Commonwealth, @ 1655 Vines Lord's Sup. (1677) 230
Ground to dis-c or dis-franchize a reputed ber.
ec. fig. To exclude, banish,
1 Praise of Mus. 77 Py a commission onely of Sic
volumus, Sic iubemus, to discommon that which is the
princi it (music). ans E
n the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge :
To deprive (a tradesman) of the privilege of deal-
ing with the undergraduates.
1530 in W. H, Turner Select, Rec. Oxford 80 The hedds
of the Unyversite .. dyscoumenyd mye and commaunded
all the mansebylls, cooks, and all others of the Unyversite
that they shulde nother bye nor sell wS hym. 1655 Futter
Ch. Hist, m. vi. § 39 A civil penalty (equivalent to the Uni-
versities discommoning a ‘Townsman in Cambridg). 1762
Gentl. Mag. 91 An action depending in the vice-ch Hor's
court at Oxford against a tradesman of that place was de-
422
3. a. To deprive of the right of common; to:
exclude from pasturing on a common : see Common
sb.1 5,6. Also fig. b. To deprive of the character
of a common ; to inclose (common land).
DISCOMPOSURE. ~
Can 0 corrow enter but upan thy geirmdnt, Oe Svenaiiinies
attire : £
plitance. rare—'. [f. Dis- 9 +
Comprtance.] Refusal to comply, non-com-
olianes
1597-8 Br. Hawt Sav. v. iii. 72 Whiles thou d
thy neighbour's kine, And warn’st that none feed in thy
field. 1828 WessteR, D/s-common, to appropriate common
land; to separate and inclose common, Cowe/, 1865 Lowe.
New Eng. Two C. Ago Prose Wks. 1890 II. 76 To develop
the latent possibilities of English law and English character,
by clearing away the fences by which the abuse of the one
was gradually discommoning the other from the broad
fie!ds of natural right.
LDisco‘mmonize, v. [f. Dis- 6+ Commonizr
v. (or Common sé, + -IZE).] =D1scomMon 2,
1886 H. V. Barnett in Home Chimes 150 Slippy’s dis-
commonized, and the proctors are down on the Three Crows,
1893 Westm. Gaz. 5 Apr. 7/2 The boat-builder who lends
out a boat to an undergraduate who prevails on him to omit
his name from the list might, if detected, be for ever dis-
commonised.
Discommons ‘diskg'manz), v. [f. Dis- 7a +
Commons sé. f/., 3, 4.] Hence Disco-mmonsed
ppl. a., Discommonsing v6/. sb.
. trans, To deprive of commons in a college.
1856 F. E. Pacret Owlet Owlst. 112 The world that could
be ruled by being discommonsed, imposed, rusticated, ex-
pelled, lay at his mercy. 1881 Saintssury Dryden i. 6 On
July 19th, 1652.. he was discommonsed and gated for a
fortnight for disobedience and contumacy. 1881 Pa/d Mall
Budget 4 Nov. 20 Like a great school where a lecture, an
imposition, a discommonsing, a gentle personal castigation,
or .. expulsion were the only punishments in use. 1
AstLey 50 Vears' Sport 1. 34, I was discommonsed for
keeping a dog contrary to the statutes, ;
= DISCOMMON 2,
1852 Bristep 5 Years in Eng. Univ. (ed. 2) 81 note, The
owners [of lodging-houses] being solemnly bound to report
all their lodgers who stay out at night, under pain of being
‘discommonsed’, 1861 HucHes 7om Brown at Oxf. 1.
(1889) 6 To keep all discommonsed tradesmen ..and bad
characters generally, out of the college.
+ Discommonwealth, v. vonce-wid. [D1s-
7c.) ¢rans. To cut off from the common-
wealth or state. Hence + Discommonwealth-
ing wl. sb,
1647 Warp Sintp. Cobler 47 The divell himselfe..as he is
a creature, hee fears decreation, as an Angell dehomina-
tions ; as a Prince dis-commonwealthings. :
Discommune (diskg'mizm), v. [f. Dis- 6 +
CoMMUNE v., or Dis- 72+ ComMmuNE 54.) Hence
Disco'mmuned £//. a., Discoommuning vé/. sd.
+1. trans. To cut off or exclude from com-
munion, fellowship, or association. Ods.
1590 D. Anproes in Greenwood Collect. Sclaund. Art. Eij,
The other was a ciuile discommuning. 1618 Hates Gold.
Rem. (1683) 424 By suspending, discc ing, by expelling
them from their Churches, etc. 1647 FuLLER Good Th. in
Worse 7. (1841) 130 Must I be discommuned from my
husband's devotion? 1659 Gaupen 7ars of Ch. 409 When
they have disputed, and d:scommuned, and unchurched, and
unchristened one another.
2. =DiscomMon v. 2.
1677 Woop is (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) IT. 383 Brickland, a dis-
communed cobler, 1691 — Ath. Oxon. II. 507 He .. did
expel the said Dobson, and discommune for ever the Book-
seller called Edward Thorne. 1710 Hearne Codlect. (Oxf.
Hist. Soc.) II], 98 Mr, Ryley was one of the Persons dis-
commun'd, which he attributes chiefly to Dr. Sacheverell.
1852 Queen's Bench Rep. XVAL1. 650 The said Vice Chan-
cellor and certain Heads of Colleges .. pronounced the
plaintiff to be discommuned until the end of next term,
+ Discommwm'nion. 0és. et : ef. prec.]
Exclusion from communion or fellowship.
1590 T. Sperin in Confer. u. 20 The Bishop his excom-
munication is but a Civile discommunion, 1660 GauvpEN
Brounrig 163 Dough-baked Protestants, that are afraid to
own their disco ion and di ¢ from the Church
politick, or Court of Rome. :
Liscommunity (diskf/mi#niti). rare—*. [f.
Dis- g + Community.] Ab-ence of community;
the quality of not having something in common.
1859 Darwin or Spec. eee) II. xiv. 253 Dissimilarity
of embryonic development does not prove dnvomaaalty of
descent,
Discomonerula, Discomorula: see Disco-.
+ Disco‘mpanied, ///. a. Obs. rare. [pa.
pple. of *discompany vb., ad, OF, descompaignier,
f. des-, Dis- 4 + compaignier to Company.] De-
stitute of company, unaccompanied.
1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. ut. v, If shee bee alone,
now, and discompanied. 1613-18 Dantes Coll. Hist. Eng.
(1626) 13 [His] step-mother .. murthered him, comming to
her house, estrayed, in hunting, and d d.
Dismee v. rare. [f. ,Dis- 7a.]
trans. To deprive of companionship,
1883 G. Macvonatp Donal Grant 1, xxiv. 254 A youth,
fresh from college and suddenly di ioned at home,
+ Discom: [f. Dis- 6
an ¥ P
pensate, . once-wd.
+ COMPENSATE v.] fvans. To do the reverse of
compensating ; to counterbalance in the way of loss
instead of gain. ‘
3704 F. Futrer Med. ae (1718) er It will not suffice to
termined, when the def was publickly dis
1864 ); H. Newman A fod. 173 I had been ed _up by the
marshal on the buttery hatch of every College of my Uni-
versity, after the manner of discommoned pastry-cooks.
b. To deprive of commons; = DIscoMMONS I.
1825 Cc. M. ESTMACOTT Eng. Sfy I. 167, I was instantly
the Bene
v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 7 d.]
trans. To spoil the complexion or aspect of; to
render unsightly, disfigure, deface.
2635 Suirtey Coronat, 1. i, His band may be disordered...
his rich cloaths be discomplexioned With bloud, /dée, 1v. iii,
will dis co
pliance to my Lord
a
1664 Pepys Diary 23 July, A compli:
me to Mr. Cov ” a discom;
Chancellor. nef: . 3
Discompose (iskgmpdwz), v. [f. Dis- 6+_
Compose v. The Caxton instance, in sense 1,
stands alone in time, and prob. represents an OF,
*descomposer =¥. d‘composer.]
1. trans. To destroy or disturb the composure or
calmness of ; to ruffle, agitate, disquiet: a. (persons,
or their minds, ieelings, etc.).
1483 Caxton Caz/o Liij b, Thou oughtest not to ne
to discompose the whey thow losest the rychesses and tem-
poralle goodes of thys world. 1645 Br. Hatt Remed. Dis.
contents 6 Prosperity may discompose us, as vvel as an
adverse condition. <7 GLanvILL Scepsis Sci. 168 Ever’
position of our espous’d opini + di poseth the minds
serenity. 1732 Pore Ess. Man. 168 Better for Us, perhaps,
it might appear, That never jon discompos’d the mind,
1765 WatroLe Cas, Otranto iv. (1798) 65 Discompose not
yourself for the glosing of a peasant's son. 1876 ‘I’. Harpy
Ethelberta x\vii, Sol's bitter chiding had been the first thing
to discompose her fortitude.
b. (things, as the sea, the air).
1646 J. Hawt. Poems 65 That breath of thine can onely
raise New stormes and discompose the Seas. 1661 CowLry
Disc. Govt. O. Cronrwell Wks. 1710 U1. 626 No Wind. .the
Afr to discompose. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. $ 300 Not
a breath of wind discomposed the surface of the water.
2. To disturb the order or arrangement of; to
throw into confusion; to disarrange, disorder, un-
settle. Now rare or Obs.
1611 FrLorio, Discomporre, to vnframe, to discompose.
1649 Cromweit Let. 19 July, Sir, discompose not your
thoughts or estate for what youare to pay me. 1667 MILToN
#P. L. v. 10 So much the more His [Adam's] wonder was to
find, unwak’ned Eve With T'resses discompos'd, and glowing
Cheek As through unquiet rest. 1747 Goutp Eng, Ants 104
This Species [of red ants] is. .the most daring and venemous,
as cg sab ieee will teach any that presume to discom:
their Settlements, 1816 Keatincr 7rav. (1817) II, 2 Our
whole body was discomposed and. disp in an i
1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) V. 357 These minutia alter and
discompose the characters of the citizens,
+b. To upset or disorder the health of; pa. pple.
indisposed, out of health. Ods.
1694 Lutrrei. Brief Rel. (1857) 1. The lord keeper
on Sunday last fell tackwards’ ts his Whamber and came
with his head to the ground, which much discomposes him.
1708 Hearne Collect. 16 Oct., Is much discomposed with
acold. 1712 W. Rocers Voy. (1718) 213 Being discomposed
I was not with them,
+3. ‘To displace, discard. Ods, ;
1622 Bacon //en, )'//, 242 (R.) Hee neeuer put di or
discomposed counsellor, or neare seruant, saue oncly Stanley,
tle Lord Chamberlaine. 1640 FULLER Yoseph's Coat iii.
(1867) 133 It is recorded in the honour of our King Henry
the Seventh, that he never discomposed favourite,
Discomposed (disksmpé «2d, poct.-zéd), ppl.a.
[f. prec.+-ED1.] Disordered, disturbed, agitated,
disquieted : see the verb.
16a5-8 tr. Camden's Hist, Elis. w. (1688) ms. His un-
settled and discomposed Cc 1626 T. H{awxins]
Caussin's Holy Crt, 121 It is an ab folly of a di
posed judgement. 1670 Davoren 1st P4. iy Granada i.
1, I met Almanzor coming back from Court, But with a dis-
compos'd and speedy Pace. 1828 Scorr /. A/. Perth xxxv,
With a discom: aspect and faltering voice.
Hence Discompo'sedly adv.; Discompo'sed-
ness, disturbedness, disquietude.
1627 Donne Serm. xxii. 218 Thir inordinatenesse thir dis-
composednesse and fluctuation of passion. 1655-62 GuRNALt.
Chr. in Arm. (1669) 356/2 David behaved himself discom-
posedly, Hate Contempi. 11, Afflictions (R.), Sickness
Fe ee di m4 <a a oe d - Mrs.
raED Policy § 2. LL. 33 She rose discomposedly.
Discomposing ((iskympdwzin), sp’. a. [f.
as prec. + -ING*,] That discomposes.
a Bovis Excell. Theol. 1. ¥.220 A man that is not in
love with a fair lady..may have as true and perfect, though
not as discomposing an idea of her face. 1741 Rictarpson
Pamela 11. 385, 1 hope I have not one discomposin, —
tosay. 1893 Crockert Stickit Minister g2 A tall girl. .t
the dominie round the neck in a discomposing manner.
Hence Discompo" adv., in a way that
discomposes or disturbs,
1891 G. Merepirn One of our Cong. ILI. xii. 247 Perfectly
satinfi y, yet di: posingly violent i
position. O/s. [n. of action from
Discomrosg, after Composition.) The condition
of being discomposed ; disorder, discomposure..
1624 Donne Devotions 8 (T.) O perplexed discomposiion,
O riddling distemper, O miserable condi.ion of man! 1656
Fivert for. A - 63 He a to the presence
of his Majesty without - Tad Sp.de tee
+Discomposture. Oés. [ad. Sp. descompos-
tura a pf 1599), f. descomponer to
a Cf. composture.) = next.
x6a2 Manse tr. Aleman's Guzman D'AUf. 3. 76 Daraxa
never gaue way by any dis-composture or ted be-
haviour, or any other occasion » 1626 Bacon
Sylva § 836 This is Cite .. by the disordination and
discomposture of the Tangible Parts.
Biscomposure (diskgmpé -g'i1). [f. Discos-
pose, after ComPOSURE.] fact or condition of
being discomposed.
PP
-DISCOMPUTATION..
‘1. Disorder, confusion, derangement. ? Ods.
* 3641 Mitton Aximadyv. (1851) 223 The Prelates .. which
way soever’ they turne them, put all things into a fotle dis-
composure, Hare Prim. Orig. Man. w. vii. 348 The
Wonder and Miracle -is:ten times greater in the state of
things as they now stand, than it would be in such a dis-
composure of Nature. 1756 Buttock in PAdl. 7 rans. XLIX.
402 Several pieces of minerals were dropped from the sides
and roof, but all the shafts remained intire, without the
least discomposure, ake I
+b. Derangement of health, indisposition. Ods.
. 1665 Boyte Occas. Reff. 11. i. (1845) 98 You left me free
from any other discomposure than that which your leaving
me is wont to give me. 1669 W. Simpson //ydrol. Chym.
275 In cases of uterine discomposures. 1734 Watts Relig.
Fut, (1789) 110 Latrissa is often indisposed .. Last Friday
she was seized with her usual discomposures. i
+e. The condition of being taken to pieces;
dismemberment. Oés.
- 1660 W. Secker Nonsuch Prof. 73 We see more in the
am of a Watch then when its wheels are set
t er.
. Disturbance of mind or feelings; agitation,
perturbation. (Cf. Composurg, sense 10.)
1547 Ciarenvon Hist. Red. 1. (1843) 13/1 And he continued
in this melancholic and discomposure of mind many days.
1690 Norris Beatitudes (1692) 66 Without any the least
shew of Impatience or Discomposure of Spirit. “1741 Ricu-
arpson Pamela (1742) IV. 205 Did I betray any Impatience
of Speech or Action, any Discomposure? 1828 Scorr /’. A7.
Perth vi, His face was pale, his eyes red ; and there was an
air of discomposure about his whole person. 1849 MAcauLay
Hist, Eng. 1, 471 A series of sermons was preached there
by Popish divines, to the great discomposure of zealous
Sierchonen.
+3. Want ofharmony ; disagreement, dissension.
Obs. rare.
1661 BoyvLe Style of Script. (1675) 73 How exquisite a
symmetry .. Omniscience doth .. discover in the Scripture’s
method, in spite of those seeming discomposures that now
puzzle me. 1673 Woop Lf (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 271, I was
not there .. because of the present discomposures between
the scholars and townsmen.
-Discompt, obs. form of Discount.
+Discomputa‘tion. Ods.-° [Dis- 9.] An
erroneous reckoning.
161x Frorio, Scowputo, a discomputation,
Discomycetous: see Disco-.
+ Disconcei't, v. Os. [f. Dis- 7 a+ Concer
sb.] trans, To deprive of the conception or notion;
to put (any one) out of the conceit (of something).
1640 J. Dyke Worthy Commun. 61 An over good conceit
of a mans owne condition and estate..disconceits a man of
the necessity of Christ.
Hence +} Disconcei‘ted ///. a.; + Disconcei'ted-
ness, the being out of conceit with something.
1659 D. Pew Jpr. Sea 114 An ill affectedness, and discon-
ceitedness, both towards good people, and all godly and
religious exercises.
+ Disconcert, sd. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 9 +
Concert sh,: cf. It. sconcerto, for disconcerto, Sp.
desconcierto, mod.!. déconcert.]| Want of concert or
concerted action ; disunion, disagreement in action.
1668 Temrie Let, to Ld. Arlington Wks. 1731 II. 113
Avoid all Pretexts .. of France’s breaking the Business ..
which I knew they would be strongly tempted to.. by our
Disconcert for their Defence. 1673 — Observ. Netherl.
Pref. (Seager), The remainders of their state are .kept alive
by neglect or-disconcert of their enemies. 1839 Por A/asgue
Red Death Wks. 1864 I. 341 The waltzers perforce ceased
their evolutions ; and there was a brief disconcert of the
whole gay company.
Disconcert (diskgnsd-1t), v. [a. obs. F. dzs-
concerter (1611 Cotgr., désconcerté, ‘disordered, con-
fused ; set awry’), mod.F. déconcerter, f. dis-, dé-,
Dis- 4+ concerter to ConcERT : cf. It. désconcertare
‘to vntune ’ (Florio), Sp. desconcertdr ‘ to disagree,
to break a match, to set at variance’ (Minsheu).]
1. ¢rans. To put out of concert or harmonious
action; to throw into confusion, disarrange, de-
range, spoil, frustrate ; now es. to disarrange or
upset measures or plans concerted.
A. Lovett tr. Bergerac’s Com. Hist. 11. 134 The best
Harmony of the four Qualities may be dissolved .. and
the loveliest Proportion of Organs disconcerted. 1704 Swirt
Y. Tub xi. 128 Which a drop of film can wholly disconcert.
1769 Rosertson Chas. V, V. u. 293 But an unforeseen
accident disconcerted all his measures. 1818 Jas. MILu
Brit. India WU. ww. iv. 154 One of the four divisions .. fell
behind its time, and disconcerted the operations of the re-
mainder. 1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 151 This scheme
was... completely disconcerted by the course which the
civil war took, F a
+b. To disturb or displace in material position.
Obs. rare. ,
1747 Gentl. Mag. 102 His shatter’d leg being cut off, the
e was disconcerted by the ship’s motion. 2
2. To disturb the complacency or self-possession
of ; to confuse, ruffle, ‘ put out’.
1716 Cottier tr. Panegyrick 59 ‘Tis part of the Devil’s
business to disconcert our Mind, to ruffle our Humour, and
blow us up to Rage and Passion. 1752 JoHNSON Rambler
No, 188 P10 He never .. disconcerts a puny satirist with
unexpected sarcasms. 1856 Mrs. Browninc Aur. Leigh
ut. 606 He would not disconcert or throw me out. 1875,
err Plato (ed. 2) 1. 482 Are you at all disconcerted,
‘ebes, at our friend’s objection ? ,
.Hence Disconce'rting f//. @., that disturbs self-
possession or complacency.
1807 Barretr A// the Talents (ed. 9) 4x A hundred dis-
423
concerting measures mov'd. 1891 R. Kirtinc City Dreadf,
42. 61 A stolid and disconcerting company is this ring of
eyed monsters. 1892 Athenxum 2 Apr. 434/2 Curious and
disconcerting problems relating to human nature.
Disconcerted (diskfnsa-1téd), f/. a. [f. prec.
+-ED1.] Disturbed from self-possession ; put to
confusion; ruffled; ‘put out’. Hence Discon-
ce'rtedly adv.; Disconce'rtedness, the state of
being put out.
1723 Biacxmore //ist. Conspiracy Bija, The Govern-
ment was more disconcerted and embroil’d. 1752 A.
Morpny in Gray’s-/nn Frnl. No. 6 ® 8 Florio has an un-
easy disconcerted Temper. 1752 Miss Tatpor Lett. (1809)
IL. 80 It is very foolish to look disconcerted in the way
I have seen you do.. Whence is this disconcertedness?
1847 Dickens Haunted Man (C, D. ed.) 210 Mr. Williams,
standing behind the table, and rummaging disconcertedly
among the objects upon it. 1878 Browninc Poets Cro/sic
Epil. 8 Our singer For his truant string Feels with discon-
certed finger.
Disconcertion (diskgns3-1fan). [irreg. f. Dis-
CONCEKT v.; after etymological formations like
insert, insertion.) The action of disconcerting, or
the condition of being disconcerted; confusion,
(‘ Disconcertion has the authority of Mr. Curran’ R.)
(Not in J. or Todd.] 1794 S¢. 7rials, Hamilton Rowan
(R.), If I could entertain a hope of finding refuge for the
disconcertion of my mind in the perfect composure of yours.
1816 J. Scotr Vts. Paris (ed. 5) 31 No embarrassment is
discoverable ; neither disconcertion nor anger takes place.
1881 Mem. G. Thomson xii. 176 To his still greater discon-
certion [he] was asked to make a speech.
Disconcertment (diskfnss‘1tmént). [f. Dis-
CONCERT U. + -MENT; perh. after F. déconcertement.]
The action of disconcerting; the fact or condition
of being disconcerted.
1866 Howe.ts Venet. Life vii. 89 House-hunting, under
the circumstances, becomes an office of constant surprise and
disconcertment to the stranger. 188x J. HAwTHorNE /oré,
Fool 1. vii, His disconcertment..seemed to show that there
was more in the matter than had been suspected. 1890
Temple Bar Mag. May 2 His disconcertment is written...
on his features,
+ Disconclu'de, v. Oés.—° [Dis- 6.]
x61 FLorio, Disconchindere, to disconclude.
Disconcord: see Dis- 9.
+ Discondesce'nd,v. Ods. [f. Dis- 6 + Con-
DESCEND v.] zt. ‘To withdraw from condescen-
sion, consent, or compliance.
1579 Fenton Guicciard. 1. (1599) 5 The king .. satisfied
him in the effect, but not in the manner, plainely declaring
to Lodowyke that he did not discondescend from the first
plot_and resolution for the ambassadors.
+ Discondu‘ce,v. Olds. [f. Dis- 6 + Conpuce
v.) intr. To be non-conducive Zo. Hence Dis-
condu‘cing f//. a., non-conducive.
16.. Donne Serm. xli. 408 Of things that conduce or dis-
conduce to his glory. 1626 /é7:2. Ixxvii. 782 It were imperti-
nent. .and disconducing to our owne end to vex. .the Pope..
+ Discondu‘cive, ¢. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 10
+ ConbuCcIvVE, after prec. vb.] Not conducive.
1819 SEAGER Suppl. Johnson, Disconducive, disadvan-
tageous, obstructive, impeding, that makes against.
Disconfeis, -fis, -feit, -fet, etc.: see Discom-.
+Disconfi'de, v. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 6 +
ConFiDEv.] zztr. To do the reverse of confiding;
to put no confidence or trust 27.
1669 WoopuEap St. Teresa i. viii. 50 Placing all my con-
fidence in his Divine Majesty, and totally disconfiding in
myself,
+ Disconfidence. Ols. rare. [f. Dis- 9+
CONFIDENCE, after prec. vb.] The opposite of
confidence ; distrust.
162r Br. Mountacu Diatribe 156 Iosephus doth not
confidently say it: shew me any such confidence or dis-
confidence in Iosephus, and I yeeld vnto all the Iewes.
1799 tr. Diderot’s Nat. Son 11.35 As 1 expected this timidity,
or rather disconfidence, I had brought with me all your
letters [etc.].
+ Disconfident, «a. Obs. rare—°. Wanting
in confidence. Hence +Disconfidently adv.,
without confidence.
1666 J. Serceant Let. v Thanks 74 'To speak dis-confi-
dently and condescendingly.
Disconfiture, obs. form of DiscoMFITURE.
Disconford, obs. form of Discomrort.
Disconfo'rm, cz. Sc. [f. Dis- 10 + Conrorm
a., after L. dés-simélis, etc.] Not conformable.
In Sc. Zaw the opposite of ConForM a.
1609 Skene Reg. Maj. 120 The forme and proving of
exception be witnes, is divers, and disconforme to the
maner of the probation of the libell. 1890 Scoft, Leader
29 Jan. 4 That they were ‘disconform’ to the spirit of the
Improvement Act. 1891 Law 7imes XCII. 188/2 It was
seen conclusively that the wheat was disconform to sample.
+Disconform, v. Olds. [f. Dis- 6 + Con-
FORM v.] iztr, To do the opposite of conforming ;
to disagree or differ in practice. Const. Zo, from.
ay Hacket Ap. Williams 1. (2692) 212 (D.) That
they doit only out of crossness to disconform to Awa prac-
tise. 1678 Norris Cold. Alisc. (1699) 86 Thy Pardon my
sweet Saint I implore, My soul ne’re disconform’d from
thine before. - ad
+ Disconfo‘rmable, ¢. Ods. [f. D1s- 10 +
CONFORMABLE.] ‘The reverse of conformable ; un-
conformable ; disagreeing. Const. from, fo.
1603 Jas. I in Contn. Stow's Chron. (1615) 842/1 As long
as they are di formable in religion from vs, they cannot
DISCONNECTEDNESS.
be but halfe ny Subiects. x171r0 Norris Chr. Prud. vi. 232
Always disconformable to himself, doing what he would not,
and not doing what he would and should. 1823 Bentuam
Not Paul 329 By means disconformaMe to the uniform
course of nature.
Disconformity (diskjnfimiti). [f. D1s- 9
+ Conrormity: cf. Sp. desconformidad disagree-
ment ; also DisconrorM a.] ‘The opposite of con-
formity or practical agreement ; nonconformity.
1602 Secar Hon, Mil. & Civ. it. xliv. 178 The Cardinals
+. Were seuenteene, whose disconformitie continued the seat
voyd almost three yeeres. 1639 Srortiswoop //1st. Ch.
Scotd. 1. (1677) 13 He thus excuses his disconformity with
Rome in the keeping of Easter. a 1680 J. Corser /7ee
Actions 1. xvi. (1683) 24 [It] hath necessarily, in the manner
of it, a disconformity to Gods Law. 1793 Trial Iyshe
Palmer 16 As to the disconformity in the copy of the In-
dictment. 1818 Jas. Mint Brit. /ndia 1. 11. v. 186 Practices
. forced into a disconformity with their ancient institutions.
1843 Mitt Logic 1. vi. § x Conformity or disconformity to
usage or convention.
Disconfort, -fyte, obs. ff. Discomrort, -FIT.
Discongrwity. 700s. [f. Dis- 9 + Con-
GRUITY.] ‘The quality of being ‘ discongruous’ ;
absence of congruity ; disagreement, inconsistency ;
incongruity.
1624 Br. Mountacu Gagg 42 Upon Erasmus’ bare word
who savoured some discongruity of style. 1625 — A//.
Cesar u. vi. 163 Vhat much discongruity betwixt Hin
us. 1677 Hare Prim, Orig, Man. 1. vi. 118 ‘The intrinsecal
discongruity of the one to the other. 1728 Earsery tr.
Burnet’s St. Dead 1, 80 Vhe Soul forms its absolute Judg-
ment upon them in itself, by a Congruity and Discongruity
with its own Nature. a 1806 Br. Worstey Serm. IL. 117
Internal perceptions of moral fitnesses and discongruities.
+ Disco'ngruous, z. Obs. vare—'. [f. Dis-
10 +ConGruous.] Wanting in congruity ; incon-
gruous; disagreeing.
1678 Cupwortu /xfel?. Syst. 1. v. 673 Discongruous forms.
Disconjure, v. rare. [f. Dis- 6+ Consurev.]
trans. +a. ? To disenchant. Ols. b. To deprive
of the power of conjuring.
1651 Howe Lt I entice 191 Ravenous Birds such as these
are, who stand about me now, to disconjure me with their
hideous noise. 1837 Carty_e /'7. Rev. 1. v. i, Necker [re-
turns] to the (Kil-de-Baeuf, with the character of a dis-
conjured conjuror there,—fit only for dismissal.
Disconnect (diskgnekt), v. [f. Drs- 6 + Con-
NECT v.]
1. ¢rans. To sever the connexion of or between ;
to disjoin, disunite, separate. Const. wth, from.
1770 Burke Pres. Discon?. 50 It is not easy to foresee,
what effect would be, of disconnecting with Parliament the
greatest part of those who hold civil employments.
— Let. to Sir H. Langrishe Wks. V1. 317 The Epi
Church of England, before the Reformation, connected with
the See of Rome, since then, disconnected and protesting
against some of her doctrines, and against the whole of her
authority. 1840 Hoop Uf NAine 224 It was impossible to
disconnect him with old clothes and oranges. 1854 G. Bb.
Ricuarpson Univ. Code v. 7591 Disconnect your screw
propeller. 1892 Law 7imes’ Rep. XVII. 210/1 To dis-
connect the drains of the defendants from the sewer.
2. To separate into disconnected or detached
parts. Ods. exc. in fa. pple.: see DISCONNECTED 2.
1790 Burke Jr. Rev. (R.), ‘Thus the commonwealth itself
would. .crumble away, be disconnected into the dust and
powder of individuality. 18x0 WELLINGTON in Gurw. Desf.
V. 611 They shall not induce me to disconnect my army.
Disconne‘ct, 7//. 2. rare—'. [short for next:
cf. Connect Pp/. a.| = DISCONNECTED.
1839 Battery /estus xx. (1848) 254 In shadowy glimpses,
disconnect The story, flowerlike, closes thus its leaves.
Disconnected (diskfnektéd), p//. a, [f. Dis-
CONNECT v. + -ED1: but in sense usually privative
of CONNECTED. ]
1. Having no connexion (wth something else,
or with each other) ; detached (from) ; uncon-
nected, separate.
1783 Biair Lect. Rhet. xv. (Seager), An allegory .. may
be allowed to stand more disconnected with the literal
meaning. 1799 Han. More Jem. Educ. (ed. 4) 1.177 The
chronology being reduced to disconnected dates, instead of
presenting an unbroken series. 1831 Jé"estaz, Rev. XIV. 51
An inland sea, totally disconnected from the ocean. 1865
Sat, Rev, 12 Aug. 205/2 One [paper] wholly disconnected
with the county. 1879 D. M. WaLLace Austra/as. ii, 19
The elevations consisting more frequently of low discon-
nected hills. ; ;
b. Without family connexions; not well-con-
nected:
1848 C. Bronte ¥. Eyre xvi, A Governess, disconnected,
poor, and plain. ; é
2. Destitute of connexion between its parts ; in-
coherent. (Also ¢vansf. of a speaker or writer.)
1870 Daily News 10 Oct., The plot is complicated and
disconnected. 1870 Lowe. Study Wind. (1886) 157 He
[a lecturer] was disconnected.
Hence Disconne‘ctedly adv., in a disconnected
manner; Disconne’ctedness, the quality of being
disconnected.
1864 Athenzum No. 1920. 215/3 Accomplished discon-
nectedly during growth. 1874 Dazly News 26 June 2/1 A
roar of ‘ Divide!’ arose, which completely drowned his voice
and lent an appearance of disconnectedness to the general
tenour of his remarks. 1881 S. Corvin Landor vy, 100 It
was thus an essential habit of Landor’s mind .. to think in
fragments and disc dly. 1885 Ath 23 May
660/3 The style reminds us throughout of that ol Miss
Thackeray. .by reason of its
DISCONNECTER.
Disconnecter, -or (diskjnekta1). [f. Drs-
CONNECT v. + -ER'.] One who or that which dis-
connects; an apparatus or device for disconnecting.
1884 Health Exhib. Catal. 59/t Sewer Disconnectors.
Disconne‘ctive, 2. [f. Disconnrcr v., after
connective. Waving the function of disconnecting;
disjunctive. Hence Disconne’ctiveness.
1824 J. Gircurist Etym. [nterpr.104 Either. .and Neither
-:are disconnective. 1870 C. J. Smirn Syn. & Antonyms,
Aberration, Syn .. Desultoriness, Disconnectiveness, In-
Consecutiveness. | E :
Disconnexion, -nection (diskfne*kfon). [f.
Dis- 9 + CONNEXION, after Disconnect v.]
The action of disconnecting (vare); the fact or
condition of being disconnected or unconnected ;
undoing of connexion; separation, detachment ° dis-
union. (Const. from, between.)
1735 Franxun rue Happiness Wks. 1887 I. 423 We
shall soon see the disconnexion between that and true, solid
happiness. 1769 Burke Pres. St. Nat, Wks. II. 193 A
spirit of disconnexion, of distrust, and of treachery among
public men. 1846 ‘TReNcH Mirac. xxix. (1862) 416 The
power was most truly his own, not indeed in disconnexion
from the Father. 1875 Ousetey Harmony iv. 61 An awk-
ward harmonic disconnection between the 6th and 7th of
the Scale. 1894 7imes 23 July 6/6 [It] involves the com-
plete disconnexion of one part of the machinery before the
other can be brought into working order. 1895 Parkes
Health 60 By disconnection [of drains] is meant that the
waste-pipe should discharge by an open end in the outer air.
1. Want of connexion between the component
parts ; disconnectedness.
1815 W. Taytor in Monthly Rev. 454 The Iliad has too
much of the disconnection which offends in the Orlando.
+ Disco‘nscient, a. Ods. [f. Dis- 10 + Con-
SCIENT.] Devoid of conscience, unconscientious.
1640 Lp. J. Dicsy Sf. 7 Ho. Cont. 9 Nov. (1641) 8 Seek-
ing to remove from our Soveraigne bch unjust Judges, such
pernitious Counsellours, and such disconscient Divines.
Disco-nsecrate, v. rare—°. [f. Dis- 6 + Con-
SECRATE v.; cf. DECONSECRATE.] ¢rans. To de-
prive of consecration, to desecrate.
1864 in Weester.
+ Disconse'nt, v. Os. [ad. OF. desconsent-
zr to be at variance with (Godef.), f. des-, Dis- 4
+ consentir to agree, accord, CONSENT.] zutr. To
refuse consent; not to consent; to disagree, dis-
sent. Const. with, from.
1530 TinpaLe Answ. More Wks. 307 A man must im-
mediately loue God and his commaundementes, and there-
fore disagree and disconsent vnto the fleshe, and be at bate
therewith. 1 Covernace Eras. Par. Romi. Prol. ttiv,
For the law declareth that our hertes are bounde and that
we cannot disconsent from him. 164z Mitton /’rel. Episc.
18 If. .the tradition of the Church were now grown so ridi-
culous, and disconsenting from the Doctrine of the Apostles.
+ Disconse:nt, 56. Ods. [f. prec. vb., after
ConsEnT sb.] Negation of consent. By his dis-
consent ; without his consent.
1651 N. Bacon Disc. Govt, Eng. 11. viii. (1739) 52 All which
was done in the presence of the King, and by Ris disconsent,
as may appear by his discontent thereat.
Disconsider (diskfasi‘da1), v. rare. [f. Dis-
6 + ConsipER v.] trans, To lower in considera-
tion, bring into disrepute: cf. ConstDER g.
1887 STEVENSON A/isadv,. ¥. Nicholson i. 3 It was the sort
of exploit that disconsidered a young man for good with
the more serious classes. 1889 — Master of B. ii. 53 The
man was now disconsidered and as good as ree é
So Disconsidera‘tion, the action of disconsider-
ing, or fact of being disconsidered ; disrepute.
1880 T. W. Atiies Life's Decision 238 Its poverty and
worldly disconsideration. 1883 Stevenson Dynamtiter 190,
I have now arrived at such a pitch of disconsideration that
+1 do not know a soul that I can face,
+ Disco:nsolacy. (és. [f. Disconsonate a.:
see -ACY.] The state or condition of being dis-
consolate ; disconsglateness,
1653 Waternouse A fol. Learning 148 (L.) My repair shall
be to God. .in all spiritual doubts and disconsolacien, a 1677
Barrow £.xf. Creed (‘T.), Penury, baseness, disconsolacy.
Disconsolance, -ancy: see List of Spurious
Words,
Disconsolancy is a misreading of Disconsotacy, and dis-
consolance a dictionary figment deduced therefrom.]
Disconsolate (diskg:ns01¢t),a. (sb.). [a.med.L,
disconsolat-us comfortless (Du Cange), f. dzs-, D1s-
4+L., consdlitus: see ConsoatE ffl. a. Cf, 16th
c. F. desconsolé, It. sconsolato, Sp. desconsolado.}
1, Destitute of consolation or comfort ; unhappy,
comfortless ; inconsolable, forlorn.
1429 Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 145 Rewe on the poore and
folk desconsolate. 1 Fapyan Chron. v. cxl, 127 Thou
mother to wretchis other disconsolate. 1594 SreNsER
A moretti\xxxviii, So I alone, now left disconsolate, Mourne
to my selfe the absence of my love. 1663 Perys Diary
19 Oct., The King ..is most fondly disconsolate for her,
and weeps by her. a1704 T. Brown Two Oxf Scholars
Wks. 1 7A x disconsolate widow. 1709 STEELE
Tatler No. 23? 2 Disconsolate soon pitched upon a
very agreeable Successor. 1863 Lonor. Wayside Inn 1.
Fale. Ser Fed. xix, She..passed out at the gate With foot-
step slow and soul disconsolate. 1864 TENNyson En. Ard.
678 On the nigh-naked tree the robin piped Disconsolate.
2. Of places or things: Causing or manifesting
discomfort; dismal, cheerless, pee
¢1374 Cuaucer 7roylus vy. 542 O paleys desolat!,.O
424
paleys empti and disconsolat! 1655-62 GuRNALL Chr. in
Arm. (1669) 256/2 When the Christians affairs are most dis-
consolate, he may soon meet with a change. 169%
Ray Creation (1714) 66 The disconsolate of our
Winter Nights. 1720 De For Caft. Singleton ix. (1840)
156 It was..a desolate, di i wild 1
acautay Hist. Eng. I11. 665 The island..to Frenc’
courtiers was a disconsolate place of banish t
B. as sb. A disconsolate person.
1781 S. J. Pratt Emma Corbett 111. 14 Raymond, our
poor disconsolate, the mutual joy of our hearts, 4 :
+ Disconsolate, v. Oss. [f. prec. adj.: cf.
ConsoLate v.] ‘rans. To make disconsolate or
comfortless; to deprive of consolation. Also reff.
1530 Pasar. 518/r, I disconsolate, I bring out of comfort,
Je desconsolate. ‘This terme is nat yet comenly used. Who
hath thus disconsolated hym: gui /a ainsi desconsolaté?
r60r Yarincton /wo Lament. Traj. u. iii. in Bullen O. PZ,
IV, Ah, do not so disconsolate your selfe. La Sir T.
Srarrorp in Lismore Papers Ser. 11. (1888) V. 84 We are..
disconsolated when report brings vs the contrarie.
Hence Disconsolated //. a., rendered or be-
come disconsolate; Disco’nsolating A//. a.
a 1665 J. Goopwin Filled w. Spirit (1867) 68 Everything
that is of a discouraging and disconsolating nature in or
from the world, 1695 Tryon Dreams § Vis. vi. 64 What
a disconsolated. .Condition would this be to the soul. ax
Sterne Serm. IIL. xxv. (R.), A poor disconsolated drooping
creature,
Disconsolately (diskp-nsé14tli), adv. [f. Dis-
CONSOLATE a. +-LY 4.] Ina disconsolate manner ;
without comfort or consolation.
1648 Jos. Beaumont Psyche xix. Ixxix. (R.), Psyche here
observ'd a serious maid..Upon the ground disconsolately
laid. a1717 Parnett Elysium (R.), Frere at asolemn tide,
the beauties slain.. Through gloomy light .. In orgies, all
disconsolately rove. 1830 J. G. Strutt Sylva Brit. 98
Formal rows of Pollard Willows standing en by
the sides of ditches. 1875 Farrar Seekers 1. vi. 75 Peer
about disconsolately amid insulting smiles.
Disconsolateness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.]
The quality or state of being disconsolate or desti-
tute of consolation.
¢1620 Donne Serm. cxli. (1848) V. 532 In the night of
disconsolateness, no comfort. 1633 T. Apams E-xf, 2 Peter
iii. 1o Some shadows of dimness and clouds of disconsolate-
ness have shed themselves upon our souls. 1754 RicHarp-
son Grandison (1781) I. iv. 15 He bowed to the very ground,
with such an air of disconsolateness! 1862 GouLBuRN
Pers. Relig. 185 The disconsolateness of the dreary twilight,
as the breeze springs with the daybreak.
Disconsolation (diskgnsdl2‘fon). [f. D1s- 9
+ CONSOLATION, after disconsolate. Cf It. sconso-
/atione (Florio).] The condition of being discon-
solate; want of consolation, disconsolateness.
1593 Nasne Christ's 7. (1613) 51 Tuning his owne priuate
disconsolations to the darke gloomy aire. 161a-1§ Br. Hatt |
Contempl. O. T. xiv. v, The earth yeelded him nothing but
matter of disconsolation and heavinesse. 1755 Carte /ist.
Eng. 1V. 210 Yheir doors being shut close ..in a time of
mourning and disconsolation. 1840 Dickens Old C. Shop
(C. D. ed.) 85 They have had their disconsolation pasted up.
+ Disconso'latory, ¢. 0s. [f. Dis- 10 +
ConsoLatory ; after disconsolate.] The reverse of
consolatory; tending to make or leave disconsolate.
1654 WarrEN Undelievers 67 Our doctrine is no way dis-
consolatory to the soules of any. 1659 D. Pett Jpr. Sea
To Rdr. Div, A restless, unquiet, and disconsolatory Sea,
+ Disconsonancy. Oés. [f. next: cf. con-
sonancy.} ‘The quality of being disconsonant ;
want of consonancy or harmony; incongruity.
1664 Farxtann Marriage Night u. i. in Hazl. Dodsley
XV. 125 Madam, there's disconsonancy in the name, me-
thinks. 1680 R. L’Estrance 7%dly's Offices (1681) 72 In
Musical Instruments, let them be never so little out of Tune,
a skilful Ear presently takes Cheque at it: and that’s the
Case in the least disconsonancy of Life.
+ Disconsonant, a. Ols. [f. Dis- 10 +
Consonant a.] The reverse of consonant; out
of agreement or harmony ; discordant.
— . Taytor {Water P.) Elegy Bp. Andrewes Wks. 11.
332/1 He shew'd them. . How far from truth they were dis-
consonant, 1634 —*Gt., Eater Kent 7 Men, being com-
pounded and composed all of one mould and mettle, are
different and di in estates, conditions, and
ualities, 1674 Hickman Quinguart. Hist.(ed.2) 72 Either
isconsonant to Scripture, or injurious to God. 1767 Mrs.
S. Pennincton Lett. UI. 163 A certain arran, nt of
really disconsonant sounds, 1805 Med, Frnl. XV. 407 A
train of operations, disconsonant to general experience.
+ Disconso . Obs. [f. Dis- 6 + Consort
v.1.] trans. To be out of harmony or at variance
with. Hence Disconso'rted fa. p//e., out of har-
mony, at variance.
1604 T. Wricut Passions 1. ix. 36 Passions disconsorting
nature [are] punished with payne. /did. 1v. ii. 125 If mens
words or actions be disconsorted, doubtlesse the soule can-
not be well disposed.
Discontent (diskfntent), 54.1 [f. Dis- 9 +
DISCONTENTATION.
your peace. Cartyte Chartism i. (1858) 4 What means
the these tinsemac ards Weckine Cent phe are
Glac. 1. i, 2 That feeling of intellectual discontent which...
is Ks! useful as a stimulant.
+b. Formerly sometimes in stronger sense:
Displeasure, vexation. Ods.
1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. vii. § 4 (1873) 54 Some inward
discontent at the ingratitude of the times. 1678 WaNLeY
Wond. Lit. World v. i. § 81. 466/2 The Romans abused his
servants, wh he dep d Rome in great dis.
iP
content. — Gi
e. (with /.) A feeling of discontent or dissatis-
faction.
1588 Suaxs. 77+. A. 1. i. 443 Dissemble all your griefes
eal tora 1659 Rusuw. Hist. Coll. 1. 662 The dis-
contents of the common people .. were heightened ages
the powerful men at Court. a@ 1745 Swier Wes. (1841) IL. 37
It would .. either or si all di
MeCuttocu 7Vavration 11. i. (1852) 430/1 The means of tra-
ducing the new gover inflami: lar dis-
contents. y ;
+2. ¢ransf. A cause or occasion of discontent or
dissatisfaction ; a grievance. (Usually in A/.) Ods.
1605 Bacon Adv, Learn. 1. vii. § 9 (1873) 58 The good ad-
ministration of justice .. and the ion of di:
1620 Row.anps Night Raven 25 An ill Liuer is my dis-
content,
Disconternt, a. and 53.2 [f. Dis- 10 + Con-
TENT a.: cf. obs. F. descontent (Godef.), It. discon-
tento (F lorio).] A. ad}.
1. Not content; unquiet in mind through havin;
one’s desires unsatisfied or thwarted ; dissatisfied,
discontented. Const. with, to with inf.
1500-20 Dunbar’s Poems (1893) 312 He that wantis ane of
thir thre, Ane luvar = may neuir be, Bot ay in sum thing
discontent. a1gss Latimer Serm. & Kem. (1845) 237 Ever
giving thanks to their Lord God .. discontent with nothing
that he doth. 1651 Jer. Tayitor Holy Living (1727) 119 He
.. is discontent and troubled when he fails. 1724 Ramsay
Tea-t. Misc. (1733) 1. 68 Tho’ ilka ane be discontent, Awa’
wi’ her I'll gae. 1845 M. Pattison £ss. (1889) I. 25 He...
withdrew disconcerted and discontent. KINGLAKE
Crimea I1. 418 Moving slowly, and as though discontent
with its fate, the column began to fall back.
+2. In stronger sense ; Displeased, vexed. Ods,
b3 Fasyan Chron. 1, v. 12 Lotrinus enamowryd h
selfe = a fayre wenche named Estrilde .. wherwith his
wyfe.. beynge sore discontent, excyted her fader and frendes
to make warre vpon., her husbande. a@1§33 Fritu Another
Bk. agst, Rastell (1829) 219 Be not discontent with me if
Task you one question. 1655 Stantey Hist. Philos. 1. (1701)
fat a That such grave Men should on the stage
rought.
'S POP
B. 54.2 A discontented person or member of a
body, a malcontent. Now rare.
1596 Suaxs.1 Hen. JV, v.i. 76 Fickle ee a5 7 and
poore Discontents. 1653 Dorotny Ossorne Lett. to Temple
(1888) 169 You would not have been taken for a discontent.
1695 Temrie /ntrod. Hist. Eng. (Seager) Having over-
thrown his brother and his army of strangers or discontents,
1872 Freeman Gen, Sketch xiii. § 2 (1874) 238 There had all
along been religious discontents among bation mee —
Sir WV. Harcourt in Scott. Leader 23 Nov. 5 What wou
he say to them?.. They are only Celts and Irish Papists,
vulgar discontents, people who would like to have some
voice in the management of their own affairs.
Discontent, v. [f. Dis- 6 + Content v.:
cf. obs. F. descontent-er, -tant-er (16th c. in
Godef.).]
1. ¢rans. To deprive of contentment; to make
unquiet in mind by failing or refusing to satisfy
desire; to dissatisfy. (Now chiefly in pa. pple. :
see DISCONTENTED,. )
1549 CoverpaLe, etc. Zrasm, Par. 1 Cor. xii. 13 Thou..
that ..discontenteste thy selfe, because of the counterfaycte
glorye of hym, of whom thou haste receyued ne.
159 Unton Corr. (Roxb.) 100 The French manner of in-
c ping — me moste. 1623 Hexnam 7ongue-
Com 22 these pressures were purpose cast
the people to discontent them. 1666 Pervs Diary (aby )
VI. 21 So fearful I am of discontenting a wife. 1794 G.
Wasuincton Lett, Writ. 1891 XII. a ttempts to dis-
content the public mind, 1887 Pail Mall G. 23 Mar. 4/t
The Ameer, .is discontenting his troops by paying them in
provisions instead of in cash.
+2. In stronger sense ; To displease, vex, Ods,
orarch. (See also DisconTENTED 2.) ane
see DISCONTENTED 2]. 1530 Pasor, 518/1 is
re Pas please, Je mescont #2) Uhave served You wel
all my lyfe, and never discontented you by m eee le
1632 7. aywarp tr. Biondi's Eromena 118 Whic as much
contented the people, as it madded and discontented my hus-
band. 1878 Simpson Sch. Shaks. 1. 75 The Queen used to
beat Secretary Cecil about the ears when he discontented her,
+Discontenta'tion. Os, [f. Disconrent
v., after CONTENTATION.]
1. Dissatisfaction; displeasure; =D1sconTENT
sb.1, DISCONTENTMENT, tera) e
1528-9 Henry VIII in Fiddes Wolsey u. (1 145
informed, to our no little marvell and discontentation [etc.
Content 56., after the vb. and adj. : cf. It. scontent
for discontento discontentment (Florio 1598).]
1, The state or condition of being discontented ;
want of content; dissatisfaction of mind: the
opposite of content or contentment,
1591 Srenser M7, Hudberd 898 To wast long nights in
pensive discontent, 1594 Suaks. Rich. ///, 1,3. 1 Now is
the Winter of our Discontent Made glorious Summer b:
this Son of Yorke. 1647 Crarenvon Hist, Reb. 1. (1843)
31/2 The country full of pride, mutiny, and discontent.
1720 Gay Prnatoag I. 54 Lose not in sullen discontent
Arcadia 1. (1622) 215 Rather then my ease
j aaces soins ha Should breed to her, let me for aye
be From any ioy, which might her griefe x61
Sreep Hist. Ge. Brit. 1x. xii. (1632) 687" To the high discon,
tentation..of the English Subiects. 1759 RoserTson //is?,
Scot, 11, App. x. 155 For the discon! they have of
the queen's majesty,
2. ¢ransf. Something that causes discontent; a
grievance ; = DISCONTENT Eas 2 ae
Parsons Chr. Exerc. 1. iii, 291 Who can number the
une and discontentations, that dailie insue vppon vs,
from our neighbours?
DISCONTENTED.
Disconte'nted, //. a. [f. prec. v. + -ED1.]
1. Deprived or devoid of contentment ; dissatis-
fied, unquiet in mind ; marked by or showing dis-
content; = DISCONTENT a. I.
1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. IV’, (an. 5) 55 b, Surely there was no
creature whiche with that war was either discontented or
displeased. 1595 SHaks. ¥ohn y. i. 8 Our discontented
Counties doe reuolt.
are Thousands of Discontented People in Ireland who may
be apt to Rise. 1725 Pore Odyss. x1. 329 Sullen and sow’r
with discontented mien. 1783 Watson PAilip J//, 11. (1839)
89 The troops, discontented with his treatment of them ..
refused to obey. 1855 Macaucay //ist. Eng. 1V. 519 The
di d gentry of Cheshire and Lancashire.
+2. Displeased, vexed. Ods.
1494 Fasyan Chron, v. Ixxvi.55 With which answere the
Romaynes beynge sore discontented, made newe warre
y’ sayd Sicambris. 1568 Grarron Chron. Il. 142
‘or the which presumption the king was grievously dis-
contented against the Citie. 1656 StanLey //7st. Philos.
v. (1701) 169/1 Plato discontented hereat .. [said] he could
not stay, Dion being used so ignominiously.
Disconte‘ntedly, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly 2.]
In a discontented manner ; with discontent.
1588 Tuomas Lat. Dict. (1606), Molesté, grievously, dis-
contentedly, painefully. 1599 Broughton’s Lett. 47 Violeta
they bee .. discontentedly malicious, or schismatically fac-
tious. 1647 Trapp Comm. Rom. vii. 24 We must discon-
tentedly be contented to be exercised with sin while we
are here; 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick. xvi, ‘They may begin,
my dear’, replied the collector discontentedly.
Discontentedness. [f. as prec. + -NEss.]
The quality or condition of being discontented ;
discontent, dissatisfaction.
1597 Daniex Civ. Wars vui. iii, For those high purposes
He conceived in discontentedness. 1653 MANTON £.x/.
James iii. 14 Envy .. is Discontentedness at another man’s
good and prosperous estate,
too What added still more to my discontentedness was,
that [etc.]._188x Masson Carlyle in Macm. Mag. XLV. 150
A soul. .whose cardinal peculiarity should be despondency,
discontentedness, and sense of pain.
+ Disconte:ntee’. Obs. rare—1. [f. Discon-
TENT v. or a. + -EE.] A discontented person; a
malcontent.
@ 1734 Nortu Exam. (1740) 55 The Priests. .traded much
in Conventicles, and among the Discontentees.
Disconte‘ntful, ¢. arch. [f. Disconrent sé.
+ -FUL.] Full of discontent ; fraught with or ex-
pressing discontent.
1615 Trade's Incr. in Hari. Misc. (Malh.) III. 314 All
the more discontentful. 1622 W. Wuatetry God's Husd.
nu. 118 At last .. the smallest imperfections are more dis-
contentfull, and breed more anguish, then at first the
test did. a1677 Barrow Serm. (1686) III. xxiv. 277
iscontentfull murmurings.
Disconte'nting, v2/. 5d. [f. Discontent v.
+ -ING1,] The action of the verb Disconten’.
(In quot. 1633, the cherishing or exhibition of dis-
content: cf. next, sense 2.)
Fasyan Chron. vi. clix. 149 Withoute consent or
knowlege of.. Lewes, and some deale to the discontentyng
of his mynde. 1593 T. Watson Tears of Fancie v. Poems
(Arb,) 181 Then — +. Vnto his mother vowd my dis-
Semeoting. 1633 P. Fiercuer Z/isa u. xi. Poet. Misc. 120
Religion blames impatient discontenting.
i scontenting, » ppl. a. [f. as prec. +
-ING 2,]
1. That discontents; causing discontent ; + dis-
pleasing, unpleasant (0ds.) ; dissatisfying.
1 A. Day Eng. Secretary u. (1625) 25 That .. which
in the end .. will be to you most discontenting. 1645 MiL-
ton Colast. Wks. (851) 368 How eee 4 iscon-
tenting the society of ly must needs be between those
whose mindes cannot bee sociable. 1825 CarLyLE Schiller
M1. (1845) 55 Literature is apt to form a dangerous and dis-
contenting occupation. di
+2. Feeling or showing discontent. Ods.
or taken Stucley 2050 in Simpson Sch, Shaks. (1878) 1.
ve such ene we 161r SHAKS Wint,
» IV. iv. 543 And with my best endeauours .. Your dis-
contenting Father striue to qualifie. 1613 F. Rosarts Keven.
Gospel 115 That .. not one sower looke, not one discontent-
ing gesture be observed.
+ Discontentive, «. Ods. [f. Disconrenr
% + -IVE; after ConTentTIvE.] a. Feeling or
showing discontent; inclined to discontent. b.
Causing or tending to discontent ; unsatisfactory.
1607 Breton Murmerer, To conceive one discontentive
thought of his Majestie. 1618 Botton Florus ww. ii. 286
‘The fight was .. doubtfull for a long time, and disconten-
tive. 1627-47 Frevruam Resolves 1. xcvili. 444 Pride is
ever discontentive.
Disconte‘ntment. [f. Discontent z. (or a.)
+-MENT, after ConTENTMENT. Cf. obs. F. descon-
tentement (1553 in Godef.).]
1. The action or fact of discontenting (rare) ; the
fact or condition of being discontented ; dissatis-
faction; =Disconrenr sé.! 1,
1579 Fenton Guicciard. (1618) 325 It seemed his discon-
tentment proceeded chiefly of fears 1580 Proscr. agst.
Pr. Orange in Phenix (1721) 1. 433 There did.. appear
some D; of our said Subj 160r HoLLANp
Pliny I. 457 Seeing what and di ment was
risen hereupon throughout the city. 1645 Br. Hatt Remed.
Discontents 7x Discontentment is a mixture of anger, and
F gris 1720 Stryre Stow’s Surv. (1754) IL. v. xi. 294/2
Finding : — eeentee and Seen aay oti
patents of privilege. 1 ARLYLE Schiller 1. (1845) 12 His
a him internally. =
OL, .
LI,
1672 Essex Papers (Camden) 10 Ther
1764 Men. G. Psalmanazar |
425
+b. Displeasure, vexation; =D1sconrent sé.1
Ib, Obs.
1588 R. Parke tr. Mendoza’s Hist. China 242 The newe
baptised .. wept bitterly, with discontentment to see how
[etc.]. 1600 HoLtann Livy xxxvilt. liii, 1017 With words of
indignation, testifying his discontentment for this course and
manner of proceeding. a 1639 W. WuateLey Prototypes
1. xvi. (1640) 159 So transported with discontentment against
a parent for some sharpenesse, as even to hate him. 1659
B. Harris Parival’s Iron Age 221 This War .. expired ..
1648 to the .. great discontentment of the French, who had
much reason to be angry at [the peace].
e. with Z/. A feeling or instance of discontent-
ment or dissatisfaction; = Disconrent sd.) 1.
1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. 1.iv, No shadow of matter for
teares, discontentments, griefes, and vncomfortable pas-
sions. @ 1649 Drumm. or Hawrtn. //ist. Scot. (36s5) 46 He
nourished discontentments in all parts. 1724 T. Ricuers
Hist. R. Geneal. Spain 156 The Discontentments which
. subsisted between Berengaria and the House of Lara.
+2. transf. A cause or occasion of discontent-
ment; a grievance; = Disconrent 50.1 2. Ods.
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 11. (1625) 37 Thinke you not
that I have already received discontentment enough?
1627-36 Fertuam Resolves 1. ii. 5 ‘The best way to perish
discontentments, is either not to see them, or convert them
to a dimpling mirth.
+ Disconti‘gue, a. Sc. Obs. [f. Dis- 10 +
ContiGuE.] = Disconricuous.
1538 in Balfour Practicks (1754) 175 (Jam.) Landis lyand
discontigue fra uther landis. 1609 Skene Keg. Maj. Forme
of Proces 125 Gif the lands lyes within sundrie Schiref-
domes. .or gif they ly in any ane of them, discontigue.
Discontiguiity. [f. Dis- 9 + Coyricuiry.]
The quality of being discontiguous ; discontinuity
or isolation of parts.
1676 H. More Remarks 60 A Discontinuity or Discon-
tiguity of matter. /éd. 140 Not because there is any more
fear then of discontiguity or a vacuum.
Disconti‘guous, ¢. Sv. [f. Dis- 10 + Con-
TIGUOUS.] Not contiguous, not in contact; con-
sisting of parts not in contact.
1792 Statist. Acc. Scot. V1. 222 Tarland is one of the
most disjoined and discontiguous parishes in Scotland.
1793 J. Mitt Diary (1889) 163 Parcelled out in discontigu-
ous plots. 1861 W. Bett Dict, Law Scot. s.v. Dispensa-
tion, Where heritable subjects lay locally discontiguous ..
a clause of dispensation was sometimes inserted. JZod.
Cromarty is the typical example of a discontiguous shire.
Discontinuable, 2. zave—". [f. Discoy-
TINUE UV. +-ABLE.] Capable of being discontinued.
1846 in Worcester.
+ Disconti‘nual, a. Ols. Also 5 dys-, -tyn-,
celle. [f. Dis- 10+ ConvTINuAL.]
1. =Discontinvovs.
1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. vit. xxxvi. (1495) 251 The
cause and the solucion of all rootyd feuers is knowe in
generall whether thei ben contynuall or dyscontynuall.
¢ 1430 Art Nombrynge (E. E. T. S.) 13 Of progressioun one
is naturelle or contynuelle, pat ober broken and discon-
tynuelle. 1611 Fiorio, Déscontinuo, discontinuall.
b. Math. Said of proportion ; = DISCONTINUED.
1557 RecorveE Whetst. Cij b, When I saie thus: as 5. is
to 15. so 6. is to18. Here is a triple proportion, but not
continualle .. And therefore it is called a proportion dis-
continualle. 1570 Brttincstey Euclid v. def. vii. 131
Proportionalitie, is of two sortes; the one is continuall, the
other is discontinuall. 1706 in Pxituirs (ed. Kersey).
Discontinuance (diskgnti‘nizins). Also 4-5
dys-, -tyn-, 4-6 -aunce. [a. AF, dzscontinuance,
f. F. discontinuer to DISCONTINUE: see -ANCE.]
1. The action of discontinuing or breaking off;
interruption (temporary or permanent) of continu-
ance; cessation; intermission.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vitt. xxviii. (1495) 341
Shynynge comyth of lyght wythout mynisshynge of lyght
and..wythout dyscontynuaunce therof. 1489 Caxton
Faytes of A.1. viii. 20 The romayns in lyke wyse .. lefte on
a tyme thexcercyte of armes, whiche by theyr discontynu-
aunce they were by hanybal .. desconfyted. 1598 BARRET
Theor. Warres 1. i. 31 My fiue or six yeares discontinu-
ance from action. 1603 Wotas Plutarch's Mor. 651
And not suffer the auncient custome .. by use and discon-
tinuance to be utterly neglected. 1726 Lront Adberti’s
Archit. Il. 105/1 At the distance of every hundred foot the
line is broken off by a kind of transverse step, which makes
a discontinuance in the layer, 1809 WELLINGTON in Gurw.
Desp. 1V. 455 The cause of the discontinuance of the works
at Lisbon. 1875 Lyedl’s Princ. Geol. II. ut. xl. 402 A large
proportion of them would perish with the discontinuance
of agriculture. 1886 Wittis & CLarK Cambridge I. 307
‘The discontinuance of an external stringcourse.
+b. Solution of continuity, want of cohesion of
parts; disruption. Ods.
1626 Bacon Sylva § 24 If there bee no Remedy, then they
[stillicides of water] cast themselues into round Drops;
Which is the Figure that saueth the Body most from Dis-
continuance, .
+e. Math. Of proportion: The condition of
being discontinued or not continued. Ods.
1570 Bitiincsiey Lucéid v. def. vii. 131 By reason of the
discontinuaunce of the proportions in this proportion-
alitie.
+2. A (temporary) ceasing to dwell or be present
in a place; absence. Ods.
1604 R. Cawprey 7adle Alph., Discontinuance, absence.
1633 Heywoop Exg. Trav. m1. Wks. mes IV. 59 Hee writes
mee heere, That at my discontinuance hee’s much grieu’d.
@1635 Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 42 They quote him
for a person..of too often recesses, and discontinuance
from the Queens presence, 1677 S. Herne Domus Car-
DISCONTINUE.
thusiana 188 Their time of discontinuance is usually
excepted in the Certificate.
13. Zaw. In the old law of real property: An
interruption or breaking off of a right of posses-
sion, or right of entry, consequent upon a wrongful
alienation by the tenant in possession for a larger
estate than he was entitled to. Ods.
This could regularly happen only in the case of a feoff-
ment to a stranger by a tenant in tail in possession. The
heir in tail had then no right to enter upon the land and
turn out the intruder, but had to resort to the expensive
course of asserting his title by process of law (Sir F. Por-
Lock Land Laws (ed. 2) 80).
[1304 Vear-bk 32-3 Edw. /, 255 (Godef.) L’estatut ne fet
mye mencioun de continuaunce ne de discontinuaunce. }
1494 Act 11 Hen. V/1, c. 20 All such Recoveries, Discon-
tinuances, Alienations..be utterly void. 1574 tr. Littdeton's
Tenures 1158. 1898 Kitcnin Courts Leet (1675) 308
A Grant without Livery doth not make a discontinuance.
1768 BLackstone Com. U1. 171 The injury of discontinu-
ance, 1892 H. W. Cuattis Law Real Prop. (ed. 2) 79
A discontinuance .. was the result of certain assurances
which, by the common law, had a tortious operation,
whereby, under certain circumstances, one person might
wrongfully destroy the estate of another; or rather, inter-
rupt and break off the right of possession, or right of entry,
subsisting under that estate, without any assent or daches
on the other’s part.. The word discontinuance properly
denotes this ¢aaning of an estate to a right of action.
4. Law. The interruption of a suit, or its dis-
missal, by reason of the plaintiff’s omission of
formalities necessary to keep it pending.
1540 Act 32 Hen, VIII, c. 30. § 1 Any miscontinuance
or discontinuance or misconueiyng of process. 1607-72
Cowett s. v., The effect of Discontinuance of Plea or
Process, when the instant is lost, and may not be regained,
but by a new Writ to begin the Suit a fresh. 1613 Sir
H. Fincu Lav (1636) 431 If the Plaintife do nothing, it is
called a discontinuance: if any errour bee in the continu-
ing, as by awarding a Caféas where a distresse should bee,
it is Called a miscontinuance. 1638 SANDERSON Serm. I].
102 ‘The devil .. is an unwearied sollicitor, and will not lose
his claim by discontinuance. 1884 Law 7vmes Rep. 10 May
322/1 What the plaintiff has done amounts to a discon-
tinuance of his original action.
+ Discontinuate, f//. a. Os. [ad. med.L.
discontinudat-us, pa. pple. of discontinuare to Dis-
CONTINUE: see -ATE.] Discontinued, discontinuous.
So Disconti-nuated ///. a.
1625 N. Carrenter Geog. Del. 1. ii. (1635) 24 Continuate
and diuisible things cannot bee made out of such things as
are meerely discontinuate and indiuisible. 1641 WiLkINS
Mercury vi. (1707) 26 Placing [the words] .. in four Lines,
and after any discontinuate Order. 1666 G. Harvey Moré.
Angi, viii. 70 A Disease of discontinuated Unity.
Discontinuation (diskgnti:niz)Zifan). [a. F.
discontinuation (14th c. in Littré), ad. med.L. d7s-
continuation-em, n. of action f. déscontinuare to
DisconTINvE: cf, Conrinuation.] 1. The action
of discontinuing. a. = DISCONTINUANCE I.
1611 Cotcr., Discontinuation, a discontinuation or dis-
continuing. 1649 Adcorax 185 The righteous shall enjoy
eternally the delight of Paradise without discontinuation.
1736 Entick Proposals Chaucer's Wks. 1 Gentlemen need
not fear to be imposed upon by a Discontinuation of this
Work. 1862 T. A. Trottope Afarietta I. ii. 25 The dis-
continuation of the houses. 1880 Contemp. Rev. July 164
No one ever dreams of the discontinuation of the race.
b. Solution of continuity ; = DIscoNTINUANCE I b.
a1727 Newton (J.), Upon any discontinuation of parts,
made either by bubbles or by shaking the glass, the whole
mercury falls. mae
2. concr. A breach or interruption of continuity.
1728 Morcan Algiers I. vi. 188 Pumps [shoes] in very bad
order at the Sides, with some discontinuations in the Upper
Leathers.
+3. =DIScONTINUANCE 3. Ods. (? error).
172t Baitey, Discontinuation [of Possession].
Discontinue (diskfnti-niz),v. Also 5-6 -tyn-,
-ew. [a. I’. déscontinue-r (14th c. in Littré), ad.
med.L. discontinua-re, f. Dis- 4 + conténeidre to
Continue. ] I. ¢rans.
1. To cause to cease ; to cease from (an action
or habit) ; to break off, put a stop to, give up.
1479 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 414 King Edwarde the thirdde..
exemptid the saide maires, and discontynewed theym, to
feche their saide charges at the castell yate of the foresaide
Constable. 1553 Acf 1 Mary 3rd Sess. c. 7. § 1 Many good
Clothiers... have been enforced to leave off and clearly
discontinue their Cloth-making. 1633 EArt Mancu. Ad
Mondo (1636) 95 It doth not disanull, but discontinue life.
1692 LutrreLt Brief Rel. (1857) 11. 589 The queen hath
been pleased to order that the monthly fast should for the
present be discontinued. 1726 Adv, Capt. R. Boyle 140
[He] begg’d that he would discontinue his Visits. 1796
Morse Amer. Geog. 1. 33 They never discontinue their
work on account of the darkness. 1893 Law 7imes XCV.
5/2 Persons who had been customers discontinued their
custom, ; r
b. ellipt. To cease to take or receive, give or
pay; to give up, leave off.
Mod. 1 shall discontinue the newspaper at the end of the
year, He has discontinued his subscription to the Society.
+2. To cease to frequent, occupy, or inhabit.
14.. Mann. & Househ. Exp. 555 Mowe I be ryte well .,
loged here, 3ete I wol nat desskontenew that kontery, bote
some tyme ther and some tyme here as schal plese me beste.
1596 Suaks. Merch. V. ut. iv. 75 Men shall sweare I haue
discontinued schoole Aboue a twelue moneth. 1599 —
Much Ado v. i. 192, I must discontinue your companie.
1645 Evetyn Jem. (1857) I. 166 A great city..now discon-
tinued and demolished by the frequent eart sone: A
DISCONTINUE.
3. Law. a. To dismiss or abandon (a suit, etc.).
pes ae V1, c. 10 Yf..the seid writte of errour
pape mer in defaute of the partie, oe ba 31 £liz,
c.1. 1607-72 Co Spy s. v. Discontinuance, To be discon-
tinued, and to be put size die, is all one, and nothing else
but to be dismis finally the ‘Court. 1704 LurtReLL Bricf
= cot ft?) | V. sor Yesterday the lords adjourned .. having
iscontinued the writt of error ree by Dr. ‘Watson
pKa having not assign'd errors in due time. 1848 WHARTON
Law Lex. s.v. Discontinuance, A rule to discontinue is |
obtained by a plaintiff when he finds that he has miscon-
ceived his action. 189
of defence the Taine discontinued his action.
x Law Times XC 473/1 After delivery |
+b. To alien land in such a manner as operates
to the ‘ discontinuance’ of the heir in tail. Ods.
7495 Actix Hen.VII, c,60 Preamb., The seid John Mayne
in his lyf discontinued dyvers londes and tenementis whiche
were intailed to him and to his Auncestres. 1574 tr. Litt/e-
ton's Tenures 32 b, The continuance of the tenancye in the
tenaunte and in his bloode by the alyenacion is discontinued.
@ 1626 Bacon Max, § Uses Com. Law ix. (1636) 37 If tenant
in taile discontinue, and the discontinuee make a lease for
life. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) V. 255 A fine is one of those
assurances by which an estate tail may be discontinued.
To break the continuity of; to interrupt,
disrupt, sunder. Ods.
1529 More Com/. agst. Trib.1, Wks. 1154/1 A man hathe
greate cause of feare and heauines that continueth alway
stil in welth, discontinued wyth no tribulacion. 1660 Boye
New Exp. Phys. Mech. xxxvii.310 By heating a lump of Crys-
tal..and quenching it in.. Water, it would be discontinu’d by
+-a multitude of Cracks. 1673 Ray Yourn. Low C.149 This
bank of Earth .. is discontinued by seven .. breaks or aper-
tures. .by which the Lagune communicate with the gulf.
1678 Cupwortn /nfell. Syst. 814 Solid bodies .. being once
discontinued, are not easily consolidated together again.
1727-51 CHAMBERS Cycl. s.v. Disease, ‘The bones, and flesh
-. may . discontinued by fractures, and contusions.
II. intrans.
5. To cease to continue; to cease, stop.
1555 Even Decades 33 Leaste theyre handes shulde dis- |
continewe from sheadinge of bludde. 1568-9 Act 11 Eliz.
(in Bolton Stat. /rel. (1621) 318) The O Nevles and other
of the Irishrie..tooke opportunitie to withdraw from their
duetie of allegeance. .and so discontinued uncontrolled untill
the foure and thirtieth yeare of .. King Henry the eight.
1580 Baret A/v. D792 To discontinue a while from labour.
+b. To be cut off or severed from ; to cease to
reside; to be absent. Oés.
x6rr Biste Fer, xvii. 4 And thou, euen thyselfe, shalt dis-
continue from thine heritage that I gaue thee. 1677 S.
Herne Domus Carthusiana 188 They have liberty .. to
discontinue two months in a year.
+6. To cease to be continuous ; to become dis-
rupted. Obs.
1626 Bacon Sylva § 24 Stillicides of Water .. will Draw
themselues into a small thread, because they will not discon-
tinue.
Discontinued (diskfnti-nivd), ps7. a. [f. prec.
vb. + -ED!.} Broken off, interrupted, stopped ;
made not continuous in time or space.
Discontinued proportion: see quot. 1827, and cf. Con-
TINUED 4a.
1561 IT. Norton Ca/vin’s Inst. 1.16 He deceiued silly men,
and hath oft tymes vsed discontinued phrases, that vnder
such visor he might hide his deceites. 1599 Hakiuyt Voy.
Il. 1. 137 (R.) By renewing of the foresayd discontinued
trade. 1624 N. De Lauvetr. Due Moulin's Logick 13 Number
may be counted by it selfe.. but continued quantitie cannot
be measured but by the helpe of the discontinued quantity.
1728 PemBerton Newton's Philos. 155 This is the case of
discontinued fluids, 1748 Ricuarvson Clarissa (1811) VII.
302 I'll see if the air, and a discontinued attention will help
me. 1827 Hutton Course Math, 1. 113 When the difference
or ratio of the consequent of one couplet, and the antece-
dent of the next couplet, is not the same as the common dif-
ference or ratio of the couplets, the proportion is discon-
tinued. So 4, 2, 8, 6, are in discontinued arithmetical pro-
portion.
Hence Disconti‘nuedness, the quality of being
discontinued ; interruptedness.
1727 in Batey vol, II.
Discontinuee (diskfnti:niz,7). In 6 -tinue.
[f. DisconTINUE v. +-EE: corresp. in form to F.
discontinué pa. pple.] One to whom an estate is
aliened to the ‘discontinuance’ of the heir in tail.
4 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 121 a, If the tenaunte in the
le discontinue the taile, and after he disseiseth his discon-
pe @ 1626 Bacon Max. §& Uses Com. Law ix. (1636) 35
‘The Feme takes another husband, who takes a feoffement
from the discontinuee to him and ‘his wife. 1642 Perkins
Prof Bk. 7- 171 If the issue in taile doth disseise the
discontinuee Hie Father of the land entailed. 1818 Cruise
st V. 186 He afterwards d d the
“Macouti'nnar: [f. DisconTinvE v. +-ER 1.]
One who discontinues. +b. esf. One who discon-
tinues his residence or attendance; an absentee.
@ 1613 Oversury Characters, Puritane Wks. (1856) 80 He
ever pra’ inst non residents, but is himselfe the
est discontinuer, for he never keepes near his text. 16
in Lana’s Rem, U1. 174 (T.) The new statutes at Oxfor
permit none but those who .. reside there to take degrees. .
so that many discontinuers cannot in so short a time proceed
as formerly. 1655 Futter Ch. Hist. 11. iii. § 16 He was no
:, Discontinuer from his Convent, for a long time. 1655 —
~~ Camb, 166 M. Bernard, a Discontinuer, and Lecturer
Sepulchers in London.
nti'n , vdl. sb, [f. as prec. +-ING1.]
The action of the verb DISCONTINUE ; cessation,
interruption,
1611 Corcr., Disc di: or discon-
a
tinuing. H. aes tr. pape de s Trav. ee (1653) 224
All these pilgrims, which..are all the year long without dis-
426
continui: a1715 Burnet Own Times (R.
so many hicontanings, and so many new ren kr hag
+ Disconti-nuingly, adv. Obs. rare. [fe dis dis-
continuing pr. pple. + -LY *.] In a discontinuing
manner ; without continuance.
DISCORD, |
| conienkjei its Satlonl pene, thes Cian ants
| turpitude or a Moral necessity.
| $2. ‘Unfitness, unsuitableness, a. Sis (The
— = Goreng thet 5b. 4.) Obs,
ink: YDG. fe hooks is a maneer
1611 Corcr., Discontinuément, di inuingly, i ious, A kyng to pleyne In-
siuely, by stops, with interruptions, re digence, Outhir in desirs to been Avaricions 1598 FLorio
Discontinuity (diskpntiniz iti). [f med.L. | Scounenenolessa, disconuenience,
type cramer ier f. discontinu-us: seenext and
-Ity. Cf. F. discontinutté (1775 in Hatz.-Darm.).]
The quality or state of being discontinuous ;
want or failure of continuity or uninterrupted
sequence ; interrupted condition.
1570 Der "Math Fb 9 35 The =! will not be extended, to
discontinuitie. ACON Sy va § 846 The Second is the
Stronger or W; Pricey a in Bodies, to Continuitie, and
to flie Discontinuitie. Cueyne Eng. Malady 1. x. § 4
(744) 97 Nature seems pi y to have ie proper Juices
ILup the any are A {in wounds]. 874 L. STEPHEN
Hours in Library (1892) 1. ix. 329 He cain rom one con-
ception to the other reg i the smallest consciousness of
any discontinuity. 189; 3 I. Putsrorp Loyalty to Christ I.
77 We are at the foot of the ladder, and they at the top;
— they know there is no discontinuity between lowest and
ighest.
b. with a and f/. A break or gap ina structure.
1794 SULLIVAN View Nat. 11. 413 The spots may also be
. .temporary holes, or discontinuities in the luminous meteor.
1835 R. H. Froupe Xe. (1838) I. 408, I see such jumps and
discontinuities as make me despair of ever being intelligible.
@. spec. in Math. said of a function or its varia-
tion: see DISconTINUOUS.
Discontinuo:r. Zaw. [f. DisconTinveE v. +
-or.] The tenant in tail whose alienation of an
estate has caused a discontinuance.
1768 Biackstone Comm. I11. 178 The law will not suppose
the discontinuor to have aliened the estate without power so
to do, and therefore leaves the heir in tail to his action at
law, and permits not his entry to be lawful.
Discontinuous (diskfnti‘niz,as), a. [f. med.
L.. discontinu-us (in F. discontinu), f. Dis- 4 +
continuus ; see CONTINUOUS.] (Not in Johnson. )
+1. Producing discontinuity ; ; breaking continuity
between parts; gaping. Ods.
1667 Mitton P. L. v1. 329 So sore The griding sword with
discontinuous wound Pass’d through him. 1703 J. Puruirs
Splendid Shilling (T.), A horrid chasm, disclos'd with orifice
Wide, discontinuous,
2. Not continuous in space or time; characterized
by want of continuity; having interstices or breaks;
interrupted, intermittent.
1718 Rowe tr. Lucan ut. 755 (Seager) Towers, engines, all
come thundering to the ground ide spread the discon-
tinuous ruins lie. 1750 tr. Leonardus’ Mirr, Stones 32 In
which case the stones would be discontinuous and appear
like little stones. 1832 Nat. Philos., Electro-Magnet. xi.
§ 176 (Useful Knowl. Soc.) When the conductors are imper-
fect, the currents are discontinuous. 1880 A. R. WALLACE
Jst. Life 13 This is one of the best cases ..of the discon-
tinuous distribution of a species. 1883 Sir ip W. Currty in
Law Rep. 26 Ch. Div. 442 A right of way..is a discontinuous
easement, because a man is not always walking in and out
of his front door. ; Z
3. Math. Discontinuous function: one that varies
discontinuously, and whose differential coefficient
may therefore become infinite: opp. to continuous
Junction (see CONTINUOTS 3).
1837 Banpace Bridgew. Trea’, iii. 59 note, Every law so
imagined might be interrupted by any discontinuous func-
tion. 1845 Cavey /nverse Elliptic Funct., Analytically
discontinuous, 1881 Maxwet. Eiectr. § Magn. 1. 8 The
first derivatives of a continuous function may be discontin-
uous. 1885 Watson & Bursury Math. Th, Electr. §& Magn.
I. 50 If p, the density of matter, be finite in any portion of
space, the first differential coefficients of cannot be dis-
continuous in that portion of space.
Discontinuously, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly 2.)
In a discontinuous manner; without continuity.
1836 De MorGan Dif. & Integr. Calculus 626 Those [series]
which can become divergent, or as near divergency as we
please, never are discontinuously connected with different
functions ; that is, never represent one function for a value
of x between one pair of limits, and another for values be-
tween another pair. 1874 Lewes Probl. Life & Mind 1. 177
All the phenomena constituting the external ciey ny to us
are p lisc 1881 Sporriswoopk in Vature
No. - 624. 570 The effect of this i is to discharge the electricity
discontinuously,
Disconti‘nuousness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.]
A discontinuous condition; want of continuity.
86s. Grote Plato I. ii. 97 ‘The advocates of absolute
plurality and discontinuousness. H. Drummonp Nat,
Law in Spir. W. (ed. 2) 43 Is an this another instance of
the discontinuousness of Law ?
Disconve'nience, s/. Obs. exc. dial. [ad.
L. disconvenientia (Tertull. ¢ 200), f. disconventent-
em; see DISCONVENIENT and -ENcE. Cf. F, dis-
convenance, Pr, and Sp. dis-, desconveniencia,]
+1. Want of agreement or correspondence ; in-
congruity, inconsistency. (The opposite of Con-
VENIENCE sb, 1.) Ods.
3. Inconvenience, incommodity, disadvantage ;
(with f/.) something inconvenient, an inconveni-
ence. (The opposite of CONVENIENCE sd. 5-7.)
Obs. exc. dial,
1553 GRIMALDE Cicero’. A eed to Rdr. Yasha nny |
of annoyaunce and d light and
eye by morall doctrine. 1566 5 fotos Pal. Pleas. rg
183 What tormentes be in love, what travailes in pursute . .
what disconveniences. 1615, ip ent od Satyr. [ se 202
Hee. .lookes to the d pete
getts by possession. 1645 Quares. Sol. Sue un. es hat
rm, what disconvenience lies In being foole? what vant-
age to be wise? Fi se ine Jamigson, Dimenpeukance,tanon
venience. Aderd.
Disconvernience, v. dial, [f. prec.: ef.
CONVENIENCE v.] trans. To put to inconvenience;
to inconvenience.
1825-80 J AmiEson, Di: ience, to put toi rt
[Aberd.] x Crockett Raiders xviii, 159 Sand had no
cloak..yet he did not appear in the least disconvenienced.
+ Disconve'niency. Oés. [f. L. disconveni-
entia: see Teasennece and -ENcy.] Thequality
of being disconvenient ; = DISCONVENIENCE sé.
1621 Br. Mountacu Diatribe 42 The disconueniency or
inconueniency of the duty commanded. 1640 Br, ReyNops
Passions 39 The natural mig or disconveniency
which it bg a to the faculty. . VAUGHAN Anima
Magica 7 None but God .. foresaw ey Conveniencies and
Disconveniencies of his Creatures.
Disconvenient, a. Os. exc. dial. [ad. L.
disconvenient-em, pr. pple. of disconvenire to dis-
agree, be inharmonious or inconsistent, f. Dis- 4 +
convenire to agree, suit: see CONVENIENT.]
+1. Not in accordance (with), not consonant (0),
incongruous ; unsuitable, inappropriate, (The op-
posite of CONVENIENT 1-4.) Obs.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. 1x. xv. (2495) 356 That tyme
is moost dysconuenyent and vascuniyre Ze to medycyne.
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 49 chose that is con-
uenyent for our nature, to eschewe & flee all that is dis-
conuenient to the same, 1660 R. Coxe Justice Vind. 39
Actions convenient or disconvenient with ti nature.
2. Inconvenient, disadvantageous. (The opposite
or CONVENIENT 6. ) Obs. exe. dial.
tr. De Imitatione mu. liv, Suche binges as semep to
the disconuenient & lest Ago ang 1538 Starkey England
1. iv. 140 Such pryuylege at the fyrst ig of the
Church .. were veray expedyent .. no les fos now
| dysconuenyent. - Haywarp tr. Biondi's Eromena
| 132 To continue as I am, is for many discon-
venient unto me. 1825-80 Jamieson, Disconvenient, incon-
| venient. [(Aderd. ~
i mventicle: see Dis- 7b.
| Discophoran (diskg-forin), a. and sb. a,
[f mod.L, Discophora, pl. neut. of disc 3
| Gr B.oxepdpos bearing the discus “ening discus,
+ -popos bearing), taken in sense ‘ adisk’.]
A. adj. 1, Belonging to the subclass hora
of Hydrozoa, comprising the jelly oe Be-
longing to the order Discophora of suctorial worms,
synonymous with /7irwdinea or leeches.
B. sb. One of the Dzscophora (in either sense).
Also Discophore (di*skof6e1).
1878 Beit meer Comp. Anat, 98 Forms .. closely
the Discophora.
“Disc to the larve of
jus (diskp‘féres),a. Zool. [f. mod.
L. ape hor-us (a. Gr. Bioxopépos : see prec.).]
1. Having an umbrellar disk, as a jelly-fish: see
prec. A. 1, 2. Havinga suckin g-disk, as a leech :
see prec, A. 2, 3, Of or pertaining to the Drsco-
phora.
_ 1879 G. ALLEN Co/, Sense iii, 28 The. .conjectural limit of
rous vision,
| | Discoplacental, etc.: see D1sco-.
Discord (diskgid), sd. Also 3-4 des-, 4-5
dys-. [ME. des-, discord, a. OF. descord, descort
(12th c.), discord, -cort Oe os c.), bal sb. f.
descorder: see DisconD 9. also des-,
discorde (ad. L. discordia), ahha ME. spell-
ing discorde,]
1. Absence of concord or harmony (between per-
sons); disagreement of opinions and aims; variance,
<a strife,
fo og eet po i sony (Cat)
of ham
iscord, ¢ Mivnean te 3 Thel weren
at ep or for pgp he ms ye
Prov. ate Brit he es
€1430 Lypc. Min. Poems (1844) 82 Where faileth
. disconuenience. a 1619 Fotuersy A theom. 11, iii, § 2 (1622
A necessary disconuenience, where any thing is allow
0 cause of it selfe. 1656 Hopnes Liberty, etc, (1841) 87
Fear ariseth many times out of natural antipathies, but in
these disconveniences of nature deliberation hath no place
atall, 1660 R. Coxe Justice Vind. 39 The dictate of right
reason, shewing to any action, from its convenience or dis-
Suaks. Lee Og a v. 6
For what is wedlocke Trged Ph mee H
and continuall strife. evi 3
two Barones were at Cg 2 discord about tl een
Noble woman. 1779-81 Jounson L. Pt Fenton Men oe
bs ap om ed ree Kinestey Ma ‘ee Tryi
more t interest. isc. (1 23 rying
to sow discord between man and man, class and class.
DISCORD.
b. personified. :
1667 Mitton P. L. x. ror Discord first, Daughter of Sin,
among th’ irrational, Death introduced. 1784 Cowrer Zask
IV. 1 , arbitress of such debate, 1832 ‘TeNny-
son Love Thou me Land 68 Regard gradation, lest the Soul
Of Discord race the rising wind.
Apple of discord: see ArrLe 5.
2. Want of agreement or harmony (between
things) ; diversity, difference. ;
: 1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) 1V. 35 (Matz.) Pis seventy. .
translated pe lawe wipoute discorde of wordes ober of
menynge. 1520 Carton’s Chron. Eng. w. 37/1 For the
dyscorde of the paschal tyme he called a counsell in Alex-
ander. 1 Suaks. Mids. N. v. i. 60 Merry and tragicall..
How shall wee finde the concord of this discord? 1608-11
Br. Hatt Aedit. & Vowes 11. § 49 Nothing makes so strong
and mortall hostility, as discord in religions. 1732 Pore
Ess. Man 1. 291 All Nature is but Art, unknown to thee
.-All Discord, Harmony not understood. @ 1806 Br. Hors-
Ley Serm. IL. xxxix. (R.), The discordance of these errors
is mistaken for a discord of the truths on which they are
severally grafted. 1882-3 Scuarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl.
II. 1041/1 The relations of the Church to the government
len..were entirely at discord with his own views.
3. Mus. (The opposite of ConcorD.) a. Dis-
agreement or want of harmony between two or
more musical notes sounded together; dissonance.
b. A combination of two or more notes not in
harmony with each other; a chord which by itself
is unpleasing or unsatisfactory to the ear, and re-
guires to be ‘resolved’ or followed by some other
chord. ¢@. The interval between two notes forming
a discord; any interval except the unison, octave,
perfect fifth and fourth, major and minor thirds,
and major and minor sixths (and the octaves of
these), d. A single note which is dissonant with
another,.or with the other notes of a chord.
e1440 Promp. Parv. 122/t Dyscorde yn songe, disso-
nancia. 1579 E. K. in Spenser's Sheph. Cal. Ep. Ded. § 1
Oftentimes a dischorde in Musick maketh a comely con-
cordaunce. 1600 Suaks. A. Y. L. u. vii. 6 If he, compact
of iarres, grow Musicall, We shortly shall haue discord in
the Spheares. 1609 DouLanp Ornith. Microl. 79 A Discord
..is the mixture of diuers sounds, naturally offending the
res. 1674 PLayrorp Skild Mus. ut. 1 The Discords are,
a Second, outth: and Seventh, with their Eighths. 1691-8
Norris Pract. Disc. 229 As in Musick, what is Discord in
particular and separately considered, will be Harmony upon
the whole. 1795 Mason Ch. Mus. i. 55 An adept... might
give his scientific hearers supreme pleasure by his skilful
manner of resolving his discords. 1864 Browninc Ad¢
Vogler xi, Why rushed the discords in but that harmony
_should be prized? 1875 OuseLey Harmony viii. 95 The
chord in which the dissonance is heard is called a Discord.
188r MAcFARREN Counterf. i. 2 A discord is a chord that is
unsatisfactory in itself, or it is a note foreign to the prevail-
ing harmony.
ig. x B. Discolliminium 46 My harmonious Pulse
beats nothing but melodious Discords, to the tune of the
Crosse and the Harpe. be J. P. Hopes Fesus viii. 30 He
had silenced the discords of passion in his own breast.
4. Disagreement or want of harmony between
sounds; a mingling or clashing of sounds, a con-
fused noise ; a harsh or unpleasing sound. (Often
with allusion to the musical sense : see prec.)
. Suaxs. Mids. N. wv. i. 123, I neuer heard So musicall
a discord, such sweet thunder, 1602 Marston Axt. § Jel.
vy. Wks. 1856 I. 67 There remaines no discord that can sound
Harsh accents to the eare of ouraccord. 1667 Mitton P. L.
VI. Arms on Armour clashing bray’d Horrible discord,
and the madding Wheeles Of brazen Chariots rag’d. 179
Mrs. Rapcurre Rom, Forest vy, The bravura of La Motte
whose notes sounded discord to his ears. 1835 Lytton
Rienzi 1. iv, The very sight, the very voice of a Colonna,
was a blight to his eye and a discord to his ear.
5. Comb., as discord-wasted adj.
1813 Suettey Q. Mad iv. 79 ‘The discord-wasted land.
+ Disco ,a. rare. [a. F. discord, in 1304 dts-
cors (Godef.), ad. L. déscors, discord-em discordant,
at variance: see next.] Discordant.
a1425 Chaucer's Pars. T. » 744 (MSS. Lansd., Petw.,
Selden] Vnmesurable & discorde [other SS. desordeynee,
disordeyned] couetise. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. x1. xiii,
For musike doth sette in all unyte The discorde thynges
icheare variable. 1606 G. W[oopcockE] tr. Hist. Justine
E ; In Musicke, manie discord notes and manie tunes
e one consent.
Discord (diskf1d), v.1 Also 4-6 dys-. [a.
OF. des-, discorde-r (13th c. in Littré), ad. L. dis-
cordare to be at variance, f. discors, discord- adj.
rdant, f. Dis- + cor, cord- heart: cf. concord.]
. intr, Of persons: To disagree, ‘differ’; to
be at variance, to quarrel; also, to dissent from.
@1300 Cursor M. 23640 (Cott.) Pe gode .. wit alkin thing
sal pire le, Pe wicked .. wit alkin scaft pai sal discord.
1340 Hamrote Psalter cxix. 6 With -paim pat discordis
foatbe charite of halikyrke i held anhede. ¢ 1400 Lan/ranc’s
Cirurg.72 Per ben manye men pat discorden of dietynge
of men n woundid. 1494 Fasyan Chron. 1. xxv. 18
Here discordyth myn Auctour with some other wryters.
Stewart Crox. Scot. 11. 275 How the Lordis of Scot-
land discordit at the Huntis. 1677 Gare Crt. Gentiles II.
Vv. i The human wil cannot discord from the Divine.
‘Tuacxeray Van. Fair xlv, They discorded with her.
CariyLe in Remin. (1881) I]. 124 We discorded
commonly on two points. :
2. Of things (chiefly): To be different (from),
discordant or inconsistent (with).
1388 Wyciir Rom. Jerome’s Prol., He wolde shewen the
newe to not discorden fro the olde testament. c 1450 Mirour
Saluacioun 1227 Thire two last tes semes to discorde
in nothing. 1494 Fasyan Chron. 1. Ixxv. (R.), Thyse two
|
427
DISCORPORATE.
nacions discorde in maners, but nat in clothing and in fayth. | united that discordant and turbulent race in the common
1608 Hieron Def. Ministers’ Reasons Refus. Subscription
11. 166 Not because it accordeth or discordeth with the
original. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. Judia I. v. v. 484 The party,
the views of which were apt to discord with those of the
leading members of the government...
b. Of sounds: To be discordant or dissonant ;
to jar, clash.
#1340 Hamrote Psalter cl. 4 Acorde, as of sere voicys,
noght discordand, is swete sange. c1440 Promp. Parv.
122/t Dyscordyn yn sounde, or syngynge, dissoxo, deliro.
1530 Barer Adz, D801 To Discord, or disagree in tune.
1626 Bacon Sylva § 227 But Sounds do disturb and alter
one the other .. Sometimes the one jarring or discording
with the other and making a confusion.
+ 3. trans. To make discordant. Obs. rare.
1599 Sanpys Europe Spec. (1632) 42 They adventure not
to play upon that string. .for fear of discording all the rest
of their harmonie. a@ 1627 [see DiscorDep].
+ Disco'rd, v.2 Obs. Farriery. [f. Dis- 7a+
CorD s6.!]_ trans. To replace (the intestine) of an
incorded or ruptured horse. So Disco'rding v6/.
$6., the relieving of hernia in this way.
1607 ‘Torsett Four. Beasts (1658) 307 Having so dis-
corded, that is to say, returned the gut into his right place.
Jbid., Forget not the next day after his discording to un-
loosen the list, and to take it away..and at the three weeks
end. .it were not amisse to geld the stone on that side away,
so shall he never be encorded again on that side.
+ Discordable, «. Os. [ME. discorda‘dle,
a. OF. des-, discordable, ad. L. discorddbil-is dis
agreeing, discordant, f. déscordidre : see DISCORD v.
and -BLE.] Characterized by discord, discordant.
1374 CHAucER 7roylus ut. 1704 (1753), Elements, that
been so discordable. 1393 Gower Coz/. IL. 225 It is nought
discordable Unto my word, but accordable. 1549 Com/d.
Scotl, xi. 100 The samnetes herd the tua discordabil consellis
of herenius.
Discordance (diskjidans). [a. OF. des-, dis-
cordance = It. scordanza for discordanza (Florio),
L. type *discordintia, f. discordare + see Discord
v. and -ANCE.
1. The fact of being discordant ; disagreement,
want of concord.
1340 Ayend. 259 Vor of be discordance of pe herte comb
pe discordance of be bodie. ¢1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. ? 201
After the diverse discordances of oure wikkednesses. 1483
Caxton Gold. Leg. 427 /2 Vhys holy saynt Yues laboured
euer to pease alle dyscordaunce and stryf. 1494 FasyaAn
Chron. I, vi. ccxiii. (R.), In this sayinge appereth some
discordaunce with other writers. @ 1619 Fotuersy A theow.
i. § 1 (1622) 329 ‘The whole concordance of the world
consists in discordances, 1656 Hospes Liberty, etc. (R.),
The discordance between the action and the law. 1819
Macxintosu Sf. 72 Ho. Com. 2 Mar. Wks. 1846 IIT. 374
‘This rapidly increasing discordance between the letter and
the practice of the Criminal Law, arose in the best times of
our history. 1864 J. H. Newman A fod, 106 They were in
discordance with each other, from the first, in their estimate
of the means, [etc.].
2. Discord of sounds; harsh or dissonant noise.
c1400 Rom, Rose 4251 In floites made he discordaunce.
1483 Cath. Angl. 101/1 A Discordance .. desonancia. 1801
SoutHey 7ha/lada xu. viii, Cries, Which rung in wild dis-
cordance round the rock. 1878 Besant & Rice Celia’s Ard.
xviii. (1887) 132 ‘The curious mixture of discordances which
rose to the organ-loft.
Discordancy (diskg1dansi).
*discordintia: see prec, and -ANCY.]
1. The condition or quality of being discordant.
1608 D. T. Ess. Pol. § Mor.o4 Where there is a difference
therefore in Religion, there is alwaies lightly a discordancie
in affection, 1780 Burke Sf. at Bristol Wks. ILL. 357 In
such a discordancy of sentiments, it is better to look to the
nature of things than to the humours of men, 1815 JANE
Austen Emma 1. xii. 83 Our discordancies must always
arise from my being inthe wrong. 1855 Browninc Ferishtah
(1884) 128 How reconcile discordancy.
= DISCORDANCE 2.
1607 WaLKINGTON Oft. Glasse v. 33 The body is like an
instrument of musicke, that when it hath a discordancy in
the strings, is wont to jarre. 1796 STEDMAN Suriname II.
xvi. 4 Absolutely deafened by discordancy and noise.
Discordant (diskf-1dant), a. (sb.) [ME. des-,
dis-, dyscordant, a. OF. des-, discordant, pr. pple.
of descorder: see Discorn v. and -axt.]
1. Not in accord, not harmoniously connected or
related; at variance; disagreeing, differing; in-
congruous. Const. fo, from, with.
[xz92 Britron 1. Prol. (1865) 2 En taunt qe lour usages ne
soynt mie descordauntz a dreiture.] _¢ 1374 Cuaucrer 7'voy-
Zus 11. 988 (1037) No discordaunt ping y-fere, As bus, to
vsen termes of Physik. a1420 Hoccteve De Reg. Princ.
96 As discordant as day is to the nyght. 1ss0 Bate Afology
i (R.) So long as he is so dyscordaunte to hymself. 1651
oBBES Lezviath. 11. xxvi. 140 The reasons and resolutions
are, and must remain discordant. 1677 Hate Prim. Orig.
Man. i. ii. 57 If discordant from it, the sentence of Con-
demnation [follows]. 1781 Cowrer Retirement 173 Dis-
cordant motives in one centre meet. 1868 E. Epwarps
Raleigh |. iv. 52 The current accounts are in some points
curiously discordant’ yet far less discordant than are the
portraits. 1868 GLapstone Yuv. Mundi i. (1870) 16 Testi-
mony..in no case discordant with that of the Iliad.
b. Living in discord, disagreeing, quarrelsome.
1547 J. Harrison E-xhort. Scottes H iij, I..accuse..myne
awne rebellious, discordant and graceles children. 1
Suaxs. 2 Hen. JV’, Induct. 19 The blunt monster wit
vncounted heads, The still discordant, wauering multitude.
1776 Jounson Let. to Boswell 21 Dec., When once a dis-
cordant family has felt the pleasure of peace, they will not
willingly lose it. 1803 WELLESLEY in Owen Desf, 328 He
[ad. L. type
cause.
2. Of sound: Inharmonious, dissonant, jarring.
c1q00 Rom. Rose 4247 Discordaunt ever fro armonye,
And distoned from melodie. 1701 Concreve Hymn to
Harmony vi, War, with discordant notes and jarring noise
The harmony of peace destroys. 1762 Kames Elen. Crit.
ii. § 6 (1833) 68 ‘Iwo sounds that refuse incorporation or
mixture, are said to be discordant. Cowrer Jask v1.
787 No passion touches a discordant string, But all is har-
mony and love. 1871 L. Steruen Playgr. Eur. (1894) vii.
156 Some discordant shrieks from our guides made the
summer night hideous. :
+ B. sé. in f/. Discordant things, attributes, or
propositions. Ods.
c1400 Jest. Love 1. (1542) 319 a/2 By these accordaunces,
discordantes ben ioyned. rggr ‘I. Witson Logike (1580)
52 Contraries, are suche discordauntes, as can not be, at
one and the same tyme, in one substaunce. /d7d. 52 b,
Note further, that all discordauntes are not contrary, ac-
cordyng to their..common accidentes, but accordyng to
their proper difference, :
Hence Disco'rdantness, discordant quality.
1727 Baitery vol. II, Discordantuess, disagreeableness.
iscordantly (diskgadantli), adv. [f. prec. +
-LY *.] Ina discordant manner; inharmoniously,
incongruously.
1663 Boyte Colours Wks. I. 741 (R.) If they be discordantly
tuned ., being struck together they make but a harsh and
troublesome noise. 1843 CartyLe Past & Prt. i. (1845) 6
Human faces gloom discordantly, disloyally on one another.
1876 Moztey Univ. Sernz.i.(1877) 15 ‘The most discordantly
opposite characters have yet exhibited a common element
in this inspiration of a great hatred.
+ Disco'rded, f//. a. Obs. [f. Discorp v. +
-ED!,] Set at variance ; fallen out.
@1627 Mippteton Anything for Quiet Life v. ad fin,
Discorded friends aton’d, men and their wives.
+ Disco'rder. Ols. Also 5 -our. [a. AF.
discordour, OF. discordeor, {. des-, discorder to
DiscorD: see -ER!.] A quarreller; a maker of
discord,
c 1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. (E. E. T. S.) 115
A full fface withouten bolnyng, bytokyns a stryuer, a dys-
cordour. @ 1628 F. Grevitte Siduey (1652) 111 ‘Tributes to
their common Idol Discorder.
Disco'rdful, @. rave. [f. Discorn sé. (earlier
discord) + -FUL.) Full of discord; quarrelsome.
1596 SPENSER /*. Q. 1v. ii. 30 Unmindfull both of that dis-
cordfull crew. /déd. 1v. iv. 3 Blandamour full of vain-
glorious spright, And rather stird by his discordfull dame.
1867 G. MacponaLp Poems 167 Why should I discordful
things Weave into cadence ordered right?
Discording (disk#adin), v/. sd. [f. Discorn
v. + -ING1] Disagreeing, disagreement, dis-
cordance.
1297 R. Giouc.(1724) 255 Bytuene hem nas non dyscordyng.
1483 Cath. Avg. 101/t A Discordynge of voces, diaphonia.
1593 Bitson Govt. Christ’s Ch. 96 ‘The false report of their
discording everywhere spread by these deceivers.
Discording (diskgidin), f/.a. [f. as prec. +
-ING*.] Disagreeing, discordant.
1374 Cuaucer Soeth, ut. Pr. ii. 68 Dyuerse sentences and
discordyng. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R.v. xxiii. (1495)
131 A dyscordyng voyce ..trowbleth the acorde of many
voyces. ¢1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) iv. 11 Pe land of Grece
es pe next cuntree pat variez and es discordand in faith
and letters fra vs and oure faith. 1596 DacryMpLe tr.
Leslie’s Hist. Scot.1. 68 Nathing .. discordeng w* the truth
of the historie. 1633 SrrutHer 7yue Happiness 128
Yet they have but a discording concord. 1706 De For
Fure Div. xt. 247 Discording Parties can no Pleasure
bring, No Safety to the People, or the King. 1808 ScotTr
Marm, wu. Introd. viii, Whose doom discording neighbours
sought.
+ Di'scordous, 2. Ols. [f. L. déscors, discord-
adj. (or Eng. Discorp sé.) + -ous. Cf. med.L.
discordtosus, OF. descordieus, of which the Eng.
repr. would be discordiows.] Characterized by
or full of discord; of the nature of discord ; dis-
cordant.
1597-8 Br. Hatt Sat, ut. i. 42 And men grue greedie,
iscordous, and nice. 1612-15 — Contempl., O. T. xi. vy
‘The harsh and discordous notes. 1633 — Hard Texts 555
I heare and abhorre the discordous noise of your sins.
+ Disco'riate, A//.a. Obs. rare. [ad. med.L.
discoriat-us, pa. pple. of déscoriare to flay, skin,
scourge (in Du Cange), f. L. ds- (Dis- 4) + cort-eme
skin, hide: cf. earlier L. décortare to skin, and see
De- pref. 6.) Flayed. 5
1483 CAxton Gold. Leg. 271 b/1 He was of them discory-
ate and flayn quyck, and deyde not.
Discorporate (diskguporet), ppl.a. rare. [f.
Dis- 10 + CorPoRATE a.: perh. ad. med. (Anglo)L.
discorporatus dissolved, ‘corpus discorporatum
dissolutum declaramus’ Rymer XV. 244/1.]
+1. Deprived of corporate character and privi-
leges; made no longer a corporation; disin-
corporated. Obs.
1682 Eng. Elect. Sheriffs 45 The City was never to this
day discorporate. 1688 Lond. Gaz. No. 2391/1 Such of the
said Corporations .. are not Discorporate or Dissolved.
2. Not corporate; not united into a corporation ;
dissociated. (szonce-25€.)
1833 CartyLe Diderot in Misc. Ess, (1888) V. 11 Corpora-
tions of all sorts have perished (from corpulence) ; and now
instead of the seven corporate selfish spirits, we have the
four and twenty millions of discorporate — is
—2
DISCORPORATE.
; te (diskg-spore't), v. rare. [f. Dis-
6 + Corporate v.: perh. immed. repr. a med.L.
*discorporare : cf. prec.]
1. trans. To deprive of corporate character ; to
dissolve (a corporate body).
1683 T. Hunr Def. Charter Lond. 40 A Corporation or
Socio. of men may discorporate and dissolve themselves.
2. To separate from a corporate body ; to disso-
ciate, disconnect.
1891 Edin. Rev. Oct. 309 Grattan .. predicted .. that a
priesthood unconnected with the English Government
would lead to a Catholic laity discorporated from the people
of England.
+Discorrespo‘ndency. 0s. [f. Dis- 9; cf.
next.) Want of correspondence.
a164x Br. Mountacu Acts Mon. vee 420 Those
words .. make very much dis-correspondency inter parts
which doe hang handsomely enough together.
+ Discorrespondent, 2. ds. rare—', [f.
Dis- 10.) Lacking correspondence or congruity ;
not answering one to another.
1654 W. MountaGue Devout Ess. 1. vii. § 3 (R.) It would
be discorrespondent in respect of i
+ Disco'rsive, a. Med. Obs. [f. Dis- 10 +
Corsive.] Not ‘ corsive’, corrosive, or escharotic.
1662 R. Matuew Uni. Alch. § 99. 163 It is altogether
discorsive, and not contractive, and therefore safe and
profitable for Women that have Cankers in their breasts.
+ Disco'se, 2. Obs. rare. [ad. mod.L. discos-us,
{. discus DISK : see -OSE.] Characterized by a disk.
1686 Phil. Trans. XVI. 285 These haue radiated, discose,
and flat Flowers.
Discost, var. of DIScoAsT v. Obs.
+ Discostate (diskp'stet), a. Bot. Obs. [f.
Dis- 1 + L. costat-us ribbed, CosTatE, f. costa a
rib.) Of leaves: Having radiately divergent ribs.
1849 BALrour fax. Bot. 72 Discostate [/ater edd. Diver-
gent}.
Discostomatous: see Disco-.
Discoum-, -counfite, etc., obs. ff, DIScoMFIT.
+ Discounsel, v. O/s. In 5 discounseylle.
[ad. OF. descon-, descunseillier = \t. disconsigliare :
prob. common Romanic, f. des-, dis- (D1s- 4) +L.
consiliare to COUNSEL.)
1. trans. To counsel (a person) against some
undertaking or course of action; to give advice
dissuading from; =DISADVISE 2. (Also with
double object, quot. 1477.)
€ 1477 CAXTON Jason 96 b, [The king] cam to Jason .. and
moche dis-counceylled him thenterprise of colchas. 1483
— Gold. Leg. 117 b/t Ye discounseylle your frendes fro the
euerlastyng lyf. a1557 Mrs. M. Basset tr. More's Treat.
Passion Wks. 1392/1 He dyscounsayled hym to take thys
death vppon hym. 1600 Hottanp Livy XXXxvi. Xxxiv. 938
He .. would have discounselled and skared them .. from
foolish and furious dessignes.
absol. 1 Homilies 1. Adultery w. (1859) 122 Holy
Scripture disswadeth (or discounselleth) from doing that
filthy sinne. i
2. To give counsel against (an action or under-
taking); = DISADVISE I.
r Sanpys Europe Spec. (1632) 108 They .. not onel
inhibite. .the reading of Protestant Bookes. . but discounsell
also all joyning with them in any service of God. a 1631
Donne Serne. cii. (1848) 1V. 361 aes .. did yet dissuade
and discounsel this numbering of the people.
+Discownselled, #//. a. Oss. In 5 des-
counceylled. [after OF. desconseillié discouraged,
left without comfort, disconsolate, pa. pple. of des-
conseillier: see prec.] Without resource or support,
desolate, disconsolate.
[1292 Britton mt. v. § 1 Soen heritage, qe fust endormi et
desconselé [v.. descounseillee, #7, unsup rtedj. /bid.
1v. iii. § 4 Si la eglise demoerge desconseilé Ksoproviens)
outre vi meys. Jéid. § 10 Cum ele fust tout voide et des-
conselé,] % Caxton Ovia’s Met. xm. ix, Now Iam..
fallen in orphanyte of — & of my lorde, and am poure
& desherytid, exilled descounceylled.
Discount (di'skaunt), 54. Also 7 discompt.
[a. 16th c. F, descompte, earlier desconte, mod.F.
décompte, vbl. sb. f. descompter to Discount.
The French descompte, décompte has not the technical
sense of discount, which is expressed by escompte, with vb.
escompter, adapted from It. sconto, scontare. ‘The earlier
sense of discount in Eng. was app. as in French, the
technical sense being later, taken perhaps from Italian sconto,
though attached to the existin, word.]
+1. An abatement or deduction from the amount,
or from the gross reckoning or value of anything.
Ods. (exc. as in 2).
1622 Eng. Commissioners to Fas. I, in Fortesc. Papers
189 The discount of the pepper brought into Hollande.
1669-70 MARVELL Corr, CXXXIX. Wks. 1872-5 Il. 306 In
discount of the third yeare to be layd at the Custome
House, to supply what falls short, 1727-5%, CHAMBERS
Cycl., Discount, is also used with less propriety for the
tare, or waste of any commodicy, sm, etc. There are 12
shillings discount in this bag. The of oil sent me from
Sppin ; there are fifty pints discount, | & Bay
‘mer. Law Rep. (1809) I. 16 Against plaintiff's bill, defen-
dant filed.a discount for the loss of rent by plaintiff's delay.
[bid. 117 Permitted to offer (their claim] in discount against
®
Perstonass of these fn3 ‘reditors Is a great Discount upon
my Happiness. 1794 Miss
fears are a heavy discount on future expectations.
428
F. Haut Vdsavadatté 54 The partiality for Bauddhas ..
must, very likely, be padi. He with liberal discount.
2. Commerce. a. A deduction (usually at a certain
rate per cent.) made for pa) t before it is due,
or for prompt payment, of a bill or account; a
deduction for cash payment from the price of an
article usually sold on credit; any deduction or
abatement from the nominal value or price.
1690 Levsourn Curs. Math. 110 For discompt or rebate
of money, this is the Proportion. a Burlesque R.
L Estrange’s Vis. Quev, 269 Here's y Money: Speak,
what Discount? 1 Penny Cyct. 1X. 18/1 The name of
discount is also applied to certain trade allowances upon the
nominal prices of goods. /did., The rates of discount in [a
list now before us] = from 5 to 40 per cent. upon the
nominal prices of the different articles. 1862 Burton Bh.
Hunter (1863) 252 Draw all the profits without discount or
rcentage. ‘Mod. A retail bookseller who gives twopence
in the shilling discount. A discount of 5 per cent. is offered
for payment of this account before the end of the month.
b. The deduction made from the amount of a
bill of exchange or promissory note, by one who
gives value for it before it is due, this deduction
being calculated at a defined rate per cent. for the
time the document has to run ; practically, the in-
terest charged by a banker or bill-discounter for
advancing the value of a bill before it is due.
This is the common form in which banks and discount-
houses advance money to persons engaged in commerce ; the
banker or discounter having thus — the bill at a dis-
count keeps it till maturity, when he realizes the full amount.
In practice, discount is calculated as the interest on the
amount of the bill for the time it has to run; this is more
than what arithmeticians call the true discount, which is
reckoned as interest on the present worth (i.e. that sum
which if invested at the given rate for the given time would
amount to the face value).
1683 R. Crave (title), Tables for the Forbearance and
Discompt of Money. 1732 De For Exg. Tradesman 1.
Pref, 11 The dismal consequences of usury, high discount,
and paying interest for money. 1859 Barn. Smitn Arith.
& Algebra (ed. 6) 491, We may define the Discount of a sum
of money to be the interest of the Present Worth of that
sum, calculated from the present time to the time when the
sum would be prepeny payable. 1863 Fawcett Pol. Econ.
iit, vi. (1876) 361 ‘Ihe value of money is said to be repre-
sented by the Bank-rate of discount. . Brook-Smitu
Arith, (ed. 6) 323 With bankers and bill-discounters, dis-
count is the izerest of the sum specified, whereas, properly |
speaking, it is the interest of the present worth of that sum.
‘And as the present worth of a sum due at a future time is
less than the sum itself, the ‘rue discount is less than the
banker’s or mercantile discount ; and therefore the banker
obtains a small advantage.
3. The act of discounting a bill or note; with
pi., a single transaction of this nature.
1839-40 W. IRvING Wolfert’s R. (1855) 119 To establish
a bank of deposit, discount, and circulation. 1846 M°Cut-
tocn Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) I. 43 The Scotch banks
make their advances partly by discount of bills, and partly
by what are termed cash accounts, or cash credits. 1866
Crump Banking iii, 78 Shall you require either loans or
discounts, and to what amount? 1878 Jevons Prim. Pol.
Econ. 114 ‘The most common and proper way. in which
a banker gives credit and employs his funds is in the dis-
count of bills.
4. At a discount: at less than the nominal or
usual value; below par; fig. in low esteem, reduced
in estimation or regard, depreciated. (Opp. to at
a PREMIUM.)
jor Lond. Gaz. No. 3710/3 Their Bills go at 50 per Cent.
Discount. 1833 Hr. Martineau Berkeley the Banker \. Vi.
120 When its notes were at a discount. Mut Poi.
Econ. m. xx. § 2 (1876) 372 The ge of bills would fall
below par; a bill for rood. might bought for somewhat
less than 100/., and bills would be said to be at a discount.
1861 GoscuEen For. Exch. 5 Though one system of coinage
were adopted for all countries, claims on foreign countries
would nevertheless vary in price, and would still be either
at a premium or at a discount.
Jig. 1832 Gen, P. THomrson Exerc. (1842) UL. 237 ‘Con-
servative’ principles are at a discount throughout the
world. 1842 Marryat Percival Keene xxi, We should be
at a pretty discount with the red-coats. 1856 Reape Never
too late \xxxv, Servants are at a great premium, masters at
a discount, in the colony.
5. Billiards. An allowance made by a superior
to an inferior player of a deduction of one or more
counts from his score for every count made by the
latter. (U.S.)
6. attrib. and Comb, (chiefly in sense 2 b), as
discount-broker, one whose business is to cash
or procure the cashing of notes or bills of exchange
at a discount; also discount accommodation, bust-
ness, house; (in sense 2 2) discount-bookseller.
1863 Fawcerr Pol. Econ. wt. v. (1876) 163 Applying to a
banker or discount-broker for loans. /d#d. mt, ix. (1876) 415
The English discount-houses collect all the bills which are
drawn upon France. 1866 Crumr Banking ix. 190 The
directons .. d the di t ac dation to the
public, 1876 World V. No. 3375 At to-day's rates yet
2 - Bsa
DISCOUNT.
or Com. Romanic formation from dés-, Dis- 4 +
computare to Count, COMPUTE. :
+1. trans. To reckon as an a tement or deduc-
tion from a sum due or to be accounted for. Ods.
in Rushw. Hist. ene '1659)
army. 1696 Lutrrett Brig, Rel. (1857) IV. 93 The Turky
merchants have offered to vie yas ot —
did .. decrescere, OF Was a a Scholar's if
dowment.
+b. To abate, to deduct. Obs.
1652 Neevua tr. Sedden's Mare Cl. 266 By dis-counting
38 years from the year 1051, that year 1012, is sufficiently
manifest. 1664 BuTLer //ud, 11. 11. 1105 All which [plunder]
the Conq’rer did discompt, To pay for curing of his Rump.
a1715 Burnet Own Time Il. 327 They le such excep-
tions to those of the other side, that they discounted as
many voices as gave them the majority. 1828 WeBsTER
s.v., Merchants discount five or six per cent., for prompt or
for advanced payment.
+e. Zo discount interest: to deduct ‘interest’
(now called discount) on receiving the amount of
a bill or note before it is due: see sense 3. Obs.
1684 Lond. Gas. No. 1945/4 Because it may be some con-
veniency .. to have present Money, if they please to dis-
count Interest, they may have it at the ce. 31701 /bid.
No. 3708/4 The whole Loss being to be paid by the Under-
takers within 60 days.., or sooner upon discounting the
Interest.
+d. To reduce the amount of (a debt) by.a set-
off. Obs.
1713 Swirt To Earl Ox ford 111 Wks. 1758 III. 1. 46
Parvisol discounts arrears By bills for taxes and repairs.
+2. intr. To discount for: to provide a set-off
for; to meet, satisfy. Obs.
1647 in Rushw. Hist. Coll. w. I. 1025 Public monies
whieh _. Mr. Thornton had no ways satisfied or discounted
for before his death. 1687 R. L’Estrance Hist. Times
1. 159 Discounting .. for what we have Receiv'd from the
Westminster-Insurance Offices. 1690 Drypen Don Se-
bastian ut. i, My prayers and penance shall discount for
these, And beg of heaven to charge the bill on me.
3. trans. Yo give or receive the ‘present worth’
of (a bill of exchange or promissory note) before it
is due. a. To pay the value beforehand, with
a deduction equivalent to the interest at a certain
pees for the time which it has still to run.
. Of the holder: To obtain cash for (a bill or
before it is due. (See
1694 Lond. Gaz. No. 3008/4 Foreign Bills
willbe Discounted after the Rate of Four and half per
Cent. per Annum. | 1732 Tradesman 1.
sg ii. 389
bills. 1777 .
been able to get me that .. bill discounted? 1848
§ 4 A bill of exchange, when merely dis-
he ions .. of money, but
is itself boug] 1854 H. Miter Sch.
§ Schut, xxiii. (1860) 251/t, 1 was fortunate not
buy it up for the sum due, after subtracting interest ..
the length of time the bill has to run.
4. fig. In various senses derived from the fore-
going: a. To leave out of account; to disregard,
omit. b. To deduct or detract from, to lessen.
ec. To part with a future good for some present
consideration. . To settle or account for before-
hand. And now esf.: @. To make a deduction in
estimating the worth of (a statement, etc.); to
make allowance for exaggeration in. f. To take
(an event, etc.) into account beforehand, thus
lessening its effect or interest when it takes place.
1702 S. PARKER Cicero's De Finibus 237 To reli i
his Person. ©
Bonum Uncommensurate to the Whole mg -
M. Davies Athen. 1
unaccountable Schism discounted by
our Dr. Turner. 1768 ‘onor I, 165 In
Ae 8 mach sone Ithey] have to discon. of
their boasts vin; a number of women as wort!
836-7 Six W. Hamitton Metaph, x1. (1859)
three opinions (I discount Brown's),
. H. Newman Caté.
it seems, she has
ay”
thieve, drink, and swear aw seven
; conscience. 1055 Brimiey Lss., Poet
immortalit
discounted, if I may so
cannot possibly be any apprecial rofit in n si-
ness. 1889 Spectator 31 Aug: 2682 Harper's, which dis-
count booksellers sell at od. a copy.
Discount (diskawnt, diskaunt), vl Also 7
discompt. [a. OF. desconter (13th c. in Littré),
descompter (14th c.), mod.F. décompter = Sp. des-
contar (Minsheu 1599); It. discontare, scontare ‘ to
ynreckon, to abate in reckoning’ (Florio 1 598)
med.L. discomputare (1293 in Du Cange), a late
i ing a of the great
825/1 His ie Bor dlscounted and usted the
ious concession. a H. Spencer
e. have to estimate [the] worth
been discounted in many ways.
DISCOUNT. |
much used in City circles, is to Sg aad or expect such
intelligence, and then act as though it had already arrived.
1883 ey. Wits Mod. Persia 315 After a time one learns
to mentally discount the statements made by the natives.
ay M. Pattison AZem. (1885) 214 Nor had his [New-
man’s] perversion, so long looked for, and therefore mentally
discounted, at all fallen upon me like a blow. ;
5. Billiards. To allow discount to, as to déscount
an inferior player. (U.S.)
Hence Discounted ///. a., Discounting v//.
sb. and ppl. a.
1682 Scartett Exchanges 6 Discounted Exchange, is,
when the Drawer and the Remitter is one and the same
Person. 1732 De For Eng. Tradesman 1. Suppl. ii. 391
Discounting of bills is certain death to the tradesman.
1861 Goscuen For. Exch. 41 The discounting establish-
ments at home. 1884 M/anch, Exam. 22 May 5/1 Fraudu-
lent discounting of worthless accommodation bills.
+ Discount, v.2 Ods. rare. *[f. Dis- 1 + Count
v.] trans. To count or reckon separately or in
separate series.
Futter Ch, Hist. Index, Know that the discount-
ing of Sheets (to expedite the work at severall Presses) hath
occasioned in the Fifth book after page 200, compleated, to
go back again to page (153) surrounded in this fashion, to
vent confusion. 1662 J. Futter ‘To the Reader’ in
uller Worthies, The discounting of Sheets (to expedite
the Work at severall Presses) hath occasioned the often
mistake of the Folio’s. [Cf. 1653 GaupEN //ieraspistes 320
Reader, The Reason why the Folios of this Book do not
follow is because the Copy (for Expedition) was divided to
two Printers.) ;
Discountable (diskau‘ntib’l),a. [f. Discount
ul + -aBLE.] That may be discounted; in quot.
1800, within which a bill may be discounted.
1800 T. JeFrrerson Writ. (1859) 1V. 420 Within the dis-
countable period. 1802 H. THornton in Mill Pod. Econ.
m1. xi. § 4 Each is a discountable article.
Discountenance (diskawnt/nans), v. [ad.
obs. F. descontenancer (16th c. in Littré, and in
Cotgr.), to abash, put out of countenance, mod.}’.
décontenancer, {..des-, DIS- 4 + contenancer to
CounTENANCE. In some of the English senses, it
is used as if f. Dis- 7+ COUNTENANCE sd. Cf. DE-
FACE in some of its senses.
+1. trans. To put another countenance on, to
mask, Oés. rare.
z Gotpinc De Mornay xii. 171 His own ambition,
which was peraduenture discountenanced to the common
people, but could not be counterfetted before God, who
seeth the very bottome of our hearts.
2. ‘To put out of countenance, put to shame, dis-
concert, discourage, abash. (Chiefly in pa. pple.)
.1580 Sipney Arcadia (1613) 69 Thinking it want of educa-
tion which made him so discountenanced with vnwonted
presence. 1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. 11. i, Sir, let not
this dis-countenance, or dis-gallant you a whit. 1671 Mitton
P, R. 11. 218 How would one look from his majestic brow. .
Discountenance her despised. 1690 7he Gt. Scanderbeg 89
He was no more discountenanced then, than if he had been
at the head of his Army. 1707 Norris 77eat. Humility ix.
359 How is my pride further discountenanced, when I see thee
my Lord .. chusing to unite thyself .. with flesh and blood.
1862 CarLyLe /red. Gt. (1865) ILL. vit. vi. 55 He appeared
much discountenanced at this last part of my narrative.
3. To withdraw*one’s countenance from, set the
countenance against ; to show disapprobation of ;
to discourage, disfavour: a. a person.
1g9t SpeNsSER Tears Muses 340 We silly Maides, whom
they .. with reprochfull scorne discountenaunce. 1631
GouGe God’s Arrows i. § 45. 76 Discouraging and dis-
countenancing the upright. 1656 H. More Exthus. Tri.
3 Such Mock-prophets and false Messiases as these will be
iscountenanced and hissed off of the stage. 1807 W. H.
\Trevanp Mod. Ship of Fools 251 note, He. .discountenanced
him from that hour. 18.. Proclamation at Quarter Sessions,
That all Persons of Honour, or in Place of Authority, will
+ to their utmost contribute to the discountenancing Persons
of dissolute and immoral Lives.
b. an act, practice, or the like.
1589 FLEMING Georg. Virg. Ded., Ripe to deface and dis-
countenance, but rawe to correct or imitate the commend-
able trauels of well affected Students. 1646 P. BULKELEY
Gospel Covt. 111. 256 Profanenesse is discountenanced by all.
1709 STEELE Tatler No. 39 P10 Duels are neither quite dis-
countenanc’d, nor much in vogue. 1766 Burke Ws, II. 5
The late administrati di d..the dangerous
and unconstitutional practise of removing military officers
for their votes in Parliament. 1872 Yeats Growth Comm.
343 The traffic was discountenanced.
Hence Discou-ntenanced A//. a., -ing vbi. sb.
1597 Br. J. Kina Yonas (1618) 76 Discountenancings,
disturbings, dispossessings of them. x612 Brinstey Lud.
Lit, xxvii. (1627) 276 By the incouragement and com-
mendation of vertue, and discountenancing of vice. 1643
Mitton Divorce Introd. (85) 4 The sole advocate of a
discount’nanc’t truth. 1667 KE Ess, Toleration n Fox
Bourne Locke (1876) I. iv. 189 The Sa ges f, of
Popery amongst us. 1675 Art Contentm. IV. ix. 1 he
most discountenanc’d child oft makes better proof than the
dearling. 1749 W. Dopwett Free Answer 97 To prevent
their preaching a di: d Doctrine.
Discountenance (diskawntinins), sb. arch.
[partly ad. OF. descontenance (14th c. in Littré),
partly an Eng. formation from Dis- 9 + CounTEN-
ANCE sé., after the vod
1. The act or fact of iscountenancing ; unfavour-
al aspect, ‘disfavour or disapprobation shown.
ble
180 Nortu Plutarch (1595) 829 He thought that the
estimation of Cato was altogether the Beet’ of
ration. .¢
his [own] power and greatnesse. 1642 Jer. Tavtor Zfisc.
429
(1647) 338 All discountenance and disgrace done to the
Clergy reflect upon Christ. 1673 Essex Papers (Camden)
I. 151 The countenance given to the subscribers and dis-
countenance to the refusers. 1779-81 Jounson L. P., Milton
Wks. II. 176 His great works were performed under dis-
countenance. 1812 SHELLEY Proposals Pr. Wks. 1888 I. 272
The discountenance which Government will show to such
an association. 1862 Lp. BrouGcuam Brit, Const. i. 4 Dis-
countenance of warlike policy.
b. with @ and p/.
a 1628 F. Grevit_e Séduey (1652)19 Any man..might..see
how to set a good countenance upon all the discountenances
of adversitie. 1749 Firecpinc Vom Fones xvi. iii, Whether it
be that the one way of cheating is a discountenance or re-
flection upon the fo Bes or [etc.].
+2. The fact or state of being put out of coun-
tenance ; discomposure of face; abashment. Ods.
a1628 F. Grevitte Sidvey vii. (1652) 86 The discounten-
ance, and depression which appeared in Sir Francis. 1656
Finetr Form. Anibass. 39 Much to their discountenance and
discontent.
Discountenancer. [f. DiscounrENANcE
v. + -ER!,]_ One who discountenances, or dis-
courages with cold looks or disfavour.
1622 Bacon //ex. V//(J.), A great taxer of his people and
discountenancer of his nobility. 1702 Add. fr. Maryland
in Lond. Gaz. No. 3853/1 A Discountenancer of Immorality
and an Encourager of Virtue. r72x Wovrow //ist. Suff. Ch.
Scot. (1828) 1. Introd. 10 A discountenancer of ministers.
Discounter (diskawntoz). [f. Discount v.! +
-ER !,] One who discounts a bill or note; i.e.
either the person who, before it is due, pays the
amount with deduction of discount, or the person
who obtains cash for it in this way: see Discount
V. 3.
1732 De For Fug. Tradesman 1. Suppl. ii. 391 These
discounters of bills are sometimes bit. 1791 Burke Let.
Member Nat. Assembly Wks. V1. 17 The whole gang of
usurers, pedlars, and itinerant Jew-discounters. 1848 Mitt
Pol, Econ. wu. xi. § 4 A bill of exchange .. discounted, and
kept in the portfolio of the discounter until it falls due. 1861
GoscuEn Fur. /xch. 38 ‘The purchaser of the bills in this
case takes the place of the discounter of accommodation
paper. 1883 E. Paxton Hoop Scot. Char. iii. 59 ‘Oh, you
need not hesitate about him, Mr. Carrick [the banker)’, said
the proposed discounter. 1884 J. Baconin Law Ref. 26 Ch.
Div. 134 The discounter, whether of a bill, or bond, or any
other security, becomes the owner.
Discouwntess, v. vave. [Dis- 7b.) dvans. To
deprive of the rank or dignity of countess.
1630 B. Jonson New /nv 1. iii, Though I am discountess’d,
I am not yet dis-countenanced. 1874 TRoLLorE Lady Anna
vy, Let them bring that Italian countess over if they dared !
He’d countess her and dis-countess her too!
Discouple (diskyp'l), v. [a. OF. descupler
(i2th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), descoupler (Cotgr.) to
separate, uncouple, f. des-, Dis- 4 + coupler to
Coup.E.] trans. To separate or disunite what is
coupled, to uncouple.
c 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aynion ix. 241 Now are dys-
coupled the foure sones of Aymon, for I have slayne
Richarde. 1549 Hooper Declar. Ten Commandm. x. Wks.
(Parker Soc.) 384 Neither doth the magistrate dissolve that
God hath bound, nor discouple that God coupled. 1883
W. S. DuGpate tr. Dante's Purgatorio xxv. 280 Ascending
the steps whose narrowness discouples those who mount.
b. zutr. for ref.
1599 I. M[ouret] Sé/hqories 66 When they die after dis-
coupling.
Discour, -coure, obs. ff. DIScovER v.
+ Discourage, 4. Ods. [f. Dis- 9 + Courace
sb.: or f. DiscourRaGE v.] Want or failure of
courage ;. the state of discouragement.
¢ 1500 Three King’s Sons 105 Their enemyes were in suche
discorage that thei durst not wele be seen at no scarmyssh,
1548 Upatt, etc. Evasm. Par. Matt. v. (R.), Many..be
brought in discourage of themselves, by the reason of
pouertie .. or by aduersitie. 1586 Bricut A/edanch. xxxiii.
184 They are faint-hearted, and full of discourage. 1611
Sreep Zheat. Gt. Brit. ix. (1614) 17/1 Causing their king
Canute with discourage to retire.
Discourage (diskwrédz), v. Also 5-6 dis-,
dyscorage (6 dischorage). [ad. OF. descoragzer,
later descourager, mod.¥. décourager ; f. des-, Dis-
4+ corage, COURAGE sb.]
1. trans. To deprive of courage, confidence, or
moral energy; to lessen the courage of; to dis-
hearten, dispirit. The opposite of encourage.
31481 Caxton Godfrey cxxxii. 196 How therle of chartres
discoraged themperour of Constantinople that he shold not
goo and socoure our peple. 1535 CovERDALE Yer. xxxviii,
4 Thus he discea geal the hondes of the soudyers y* be in
this cite, and the hondes of all the people. 161 BisLe
Transl. Pref. 2 His Royall heart was not daunted or dis-
couraged. 1684 Bunyan Pilger. 1. 21, I think no Slow of
Despond would discourage me. 1725 De For Voy. round
World (1840) 253 He would be very far from discouraging
me, 1855 Macautay Hist, Eng. Ii. 232 No trick, no lie,
which was thought likely to discourage the starving garrison
was spared. absol, 1789 ANNA Sewarp Leét¢, (1811) IL.
226 Difficulty rather stimulates than discourages.
b. with complement: To deter (by discourage-
ment) +40 do something (06s.); from (+ for) an act.
1529 More Suppl. Soulys Wks. 337/1 Not for yt we wold
discorage you to dispose well your goodes when ye dye.
1529 Supplic. to King (E.E.T.S.) 36 This they doo to
dyscorage all men from the studye of Gods Worde. 1598
R. Bernarp tr. Terence (1607) 337 The poet .. was nowe
almost discouraged for taking vat more paines, a@ 1682
Sir T. Browne Tracts (1684) 19¢ It discouraged from all
Navigation about it.
DISCOURAGING.
discourage them to stay with you by using them ill. 1699
Dampier Voy. II. 1. 89 The Seamen are discouraged from
fishing for them by the King. 1786 C. Lucas Ess. Waters
II, 3 We shall be discouraged from the laborious -. task.
+e. transf, and fig. Obs.
@1529 SKELTON Reflyc. 355 For to disparage And to dis-
corage The fame matryculate Of poetes laureate. 1577
B. Gooce Heresbach’s Husb. 11. (1586) 87 You shall some-
time have one branch more gallant then his fellowes, which
if you cutte not away, you discourage all the rest. 1657 in
Burton's Diary (1828) II. 150 Though the face of public
worship of late be discouraged.
2. ¢ransf. To lessen or repress courage for (an
action or project) ; to discountenance, express dis-
approval of, ‘ throw cold water on’.
1641 WILKINS Math. Magick 11. xv. (1648) 292, I would be
loath to discourage the enquiry of any ingenuous artificer.
«1649 Etkon Bas, xii. (1824) 106, I might neither Incourage
the rebels insolence, nor discourage the Protestants loyalty
and patience. 1699 Dampier Voy, II. 1. 85 Thro their
oppression. .trading is discouraged. 1735 BERKELEY Querist
§ 42 Idleness should of all things be discouraged. x
Syp. Smiru Wes, (1867) I. 173 A set of lectures upon poli-
tical economy would be discouraged in Oxford. 1872 YEATS
Growth Comm. 56 Laws were made to discourage usury.
+ 3. intr. (for vefl.) To lose courage or confi-
dence. Ods.
1553 Bare Vocacyon in Harl, Misc. (1808-12) VI. 464(D.)
3ecause that poore Churche shulde not utterly discourage,
in her extreme adversitees. 1574 HeLLOwEs Guenara’s
Fam. Ep. (1577) 33 Scipio considering the Numantines to
increase in pride, and the Romanes to discourage.
Discourageable (disky-sédzab'l), a. vare. [f.
DIscoURAGE v. + -ABLE.] Capable of being dis-
couraged or disheartened ; to be discouraged.
1612-15 Br. Hate Contempl., N.T. 1. xxvi, O loue to un-
thankfull souls! not discourageable by the most hatefull
indignities.
Discowraged, ///.@. [f. as prec. + -ED !.]
Deprived of courage or confidence, disheartened.
1548 Upatt, etc. Evasm. Par, Matt. xix, (R.), He wente
awaye with a discouraged and heauye mynde, 1667 FLaveL
Saint Indeed (1754) 44 Discouraged souls, how many do you
reckon the Lord for? 1847 Tennyson Princ. ut. 137, 1 grew
discouraged, Sir, 1888 /a// Mall G. 8 June 4/1 Seductive
terms about fettered industry, discouraged capital, and the
undue taxation of the necessaries of life.
Discouragement (disko-sédgmént). [ad. OF.
descouragement, descoragement (12th c. in Hatz.-
Darm.), mod.F. découragement, f. descoragter, des-
courager to DISCOURAGE: cf. ENCOURAGEMENT. ]
1. The action or fact of discouraging.
1600 Haxtuyt Voy. II]. 131 (R.) To the great discourage-
ment and hinderance of the same marchants and fishermen.
a1797 H. WatroLe Geo. // (1847) I. iv. 89 His severity to
and discouragement of that pest of society, Attorneys. 1880
C.R. Markxnam Peruv., Bark xu. 414 From that time there
was nothing but discouragement and obstruction. Mod.
The discouragement of rash and premature attempts.
2. The fact or state of being discouraged ; want
of spirit or confidence; depression of spirit with
regard to action or effort. (The more usual sense.)
1561 IT. Norton Calvin's Just. 1. ii. (1634) 261 The feeling
..turneth onely to terrour and discouragement. a 1600
Hooker Disc. Fustif Wks. 1617 11. 53 ‘That repining dis-
couragement of heart, which tempteth God. 1612 Brixstey
Lud. Lit. iii. (1627) 20 About which I have taken no small
griefe and discouragement. 1844 ‘Tuirtwat Greece VIII.
157 He represents it as having caused so much discourage-
ment at Sparta, that [etc.]. 1860 Froupe //ist. Eng. V. 30
[It] showed how great was the discouragement into whic
the loss of Beton had thrown them, 1878 Lecky Ang.
in 18th C. II. v. 50 Poverty and discouragement became
more general than ever. :
3. That which discourages; a disheartening or
deterrent influence.
1612 WoopaLt Surg. Mate Pref. Wks. (1653) 9 Notwith-
standing all such discouragements .. he proceeded on with
courage. 1720 Swirt Mod. Educ., The books read at
school and colleges are full of .. discouragements from
vice. 1725 De For Voy. round World (1840) 319 Their first
discouragement was, the country was all open with very
little wood. 1868 E. Epwarps Xadleigh I. viii. 123 Strong
discouragements which had often chilled the glowing antici-.
pations.
Discourager (diskv'rédza1)._[f. DiscouRace
v.+-ER1,] One who or that which discourages or
disheartens; one who discountenances or ‘ throws
cold water’ upon efforts.
1631 GouGE Goa’s Arrows i. § 46. 80 None [are] greater
discouragers of the upright. _r7r0 MacciesFietp in Ld.
Campbell Chancellors (1857) VI. cxxi. 10 Discouragers of
those who preach virtue and piety. 1849 Lewis /u//uence
Author. Opin. ix. (L.), The promoter of truth and the
discourager of error. 1884 G. P. Laturop, 7rve i. 5
Antiquity is a great discourager of the sympathies.
Discou ing, vd/. sb. [f. as prec. + -ING 1).
The action of the verb DiscouraGE ; discourage-
ment. (Now chiefly gerundial.)
1545 Primer Hen. VIII, in 3 Primers (1848) 519. In all
trouble and adversity to be quiet .. without discouraging
and desperation. 1§78 T. N. tr. Cong. W. Jndia 318 The
overthrow [was] a great discouraging of the enemie. 1603
Knottes //ist. Turks (1638) 35 To the,great discouraging
of all other Christian Princes.
Discou'raging, #//. a. [f. as prec. + -1Nc 2.]
That discourages or causes discouragement ; dis-
heartening.
1678 Bunyan Pilgr. 1. 77 Over that Valley hangs the dis-
couraging Clouds of confusion. 1715 De For Fam, Jn-
struct. 1. iii, With many discouraging thoughts for the
a 1698 Temp_e (J.), Unless you.. | event. 1849 Grote Greece u. lviii. (1862) V. 158 The answer
DISCOURAGINGLY.
returned was
ng ony mello T. Harpy Ethelberta
(1890) 185 Despite her in; words, he still went on.
ence Discou'ragingly adv., in a discouraging
manner ; + Discou”
1690 J. Mackenzie Siege London-Derry 21/2 Collonel
Lundy. .spoke so discouragingly to many of them concern-
ing the indefensibleness of the place. Bartey vol. II,
Discouragingness, discouragement. Annie THomas
Allerton Towers II. viii. 151 Treating her confidences coldly, |
not to say, discouragingly. _
+ Discoursative, -itive, 2. Ovs. rare. [f.
DISCOURSE: see-ATIVE.] a. Pertaining to discourse
or conversation. b. Of or belonging to ‘discourse’
or reason, rational.
1600 C. Sutton Disce Mori ii. (1838) 23 As if it were
only some arbitrab’e matter or discoursitive. 1610 Mark-
HAM Masterf. 1. viz 17 Horses discerne by meanes of the
vertue Imaginatiue, Discoursatiue, and Memoratiue.
Discourse (disk6-1s), sd. Also 4-5 discours,
discors. [a. F. discours, ad. L. déscurs-us ‘ run-
ning to and fro, conversation, discourse’ (after
cours:—L. cursus): cf. It. discorso, Sp. discurso.
L. discurs-us is f. déscurs-, ppl. stem of discurrére :
see next. ]
+ 1. Onward course; process or succession of time,
events, actions, etc. ; =Course. Obs.
1s40-1 Exyor /mage Gov. (1549) 134 The naturall discourse
of the sunne. 1548 UpALt, etc. Erasm. Par.1 Pet. i. (R.),
But when y? day shal come, & the discourse of things turned
vp side down, they shall be tormented, and you shal reioyce.
1565 Jewet Def Afol. (1611) 91 It is most euident by the
whole discourse of the Text. 1577 HeLLowes Gueuara’s
Chron. 65 The riuer Tygris in the discourse of his currant
maketh an Ilande. 1588 Greene Pandosto (1607) 18 This
tragicall discourse of Fortune so daunted them, as they
went like shadowes. 1612 SHELTON Quix. I. 11. v. 89 The
Knights-errant. .did..suffer much Woe and Misery in the
Discourse of their Lives.
b. In the following the meaning is perhaps ‘course of
arms or combat’ (cf. Course sé. 5); though other explan-
ations have been proposed.
1596 Spenser F. gs viii. 14 The villaine .. Himself
addrest unto this new debate, And with his club him all
about so blist That he which way to turne him scarcely
wist : Sometimes aloft he layd, sometimes alow, Now here,
now there, and oft him neare he mist..At last the caytive,
after long discourse, When all his strokes he saw avoyded
quite, Resolved in one t’assemble all his force. 1611 Beav-
mont & Fi. Aing & No King u. i, Good captain Bessus,
tell us the discourse [viz. of single combat] Betwixt Tigranes
and our king, and how We got the victory.
+ 2. ‘The act of the understanding, by which it
passes from premises to consequences’ (J.) ; reason-
ing, thought, ratiocination; the faculty of reasoning,
reason, rationality. Ods. or arch.
©1374 Cuaucer Boeth. v. Pr. iv. 165 It [intelligence]
byholdep alle pinges so as I shal seye by a strok of pou3t
formely wip oute discours or collacioun. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle
(Caxton 1483) Iv. xxviii. 75 He knoweth ali hynge, therfore
there is nought ferther to seken by discours. 1604 Ep-
MmoNnDS Observ. Czsar's Comm. 39 The soule of man is
endued with a power of discourse, whereby it concludeth
either according to the certainetie of reason, or the learning
of experience. a1618 Raveicu Rem. (1644) 131 The Dog
+.we see is plentifully furnished with inward discourse.
1672 Witkins Nat, Relig. 56 The discerning of that con-
nexion or dependance w id there is betwixt several pro-
sitions. .which is called ratiocination, or discourse. 1788
EsLeY Wks, (1872) VI. 353 Discourse, strictly speaking,
is the motion or progress of the mind from one judgment to
another, 1864 Bowen Logic vii. 177 Discourse (discursus,
évdvoca) indicates the operation of comparison.
tb. Phr. Discourse of reason: process or faculty
of reasoning. Ods. or arch,
1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) 1v. xxviii. 74 The soule
seketh by discors of reson the skyles and the causes of the |
wonderful beaute of creatures. 1553 Even 7reat. Newe
Ind. (Arb.) 9 As could hardely be comprehended by the |
discourse of reason. 1602 SuHaks. Ham. 1. ii. 150 A st
that wants discourse of Reason. 1675 Sour Serm. Jn-
ratitude (r715) 455 By the Discourses of Reason, or the
iscoveries of Faith. Sir W. Hamitton AMetaph,
App. I. 415 No one with the ordinary discourse of reason
could commit an error in regard to them.
3. Communication of thought by speech ; ‘mutual
intercourse of language’ (J.); talk, conversation.
arch, ,
ng? W. Cunnincuam Cosmogr. Glasse 112 But what
¢ I discourse in these thinges to you, whiche knowe
them muche better then I. i
v4] og Pema yet of sweet Discourse. —
‘ss., Discourse (Arb.) 14 Some in their discourse, desire
rather commendation of wit... then of iudgement. 1667
Mitton P. LZ, vit. 211 Sweeter thy discourse is to my eare
Then Fruits of Palm-tree. 1713 Swirt rensy F. Dennis,
1. laid hold of that unity of entering into discourse
with him. 1746 Adv. Caft. R. gr on x finding she did
not much care for talking upon t Subj , chang’d the
Discourse. 1863 Loncr. Wayside nn u, Prel. vii, Mean-
while the Student held discourse With the Musician.
+b. The faculty of conversing ; conversational
power. Obs,
1590 Suaxs. Com. Err. m1. i. 109, I know a wench of
excellent discourse, Prettie and wittie. 1606 — 77. § Cr.
1. ii, 275 Is not birth, beauty, good shape, discourse .. and
so forth: the Spice, and salt that seasons a man? 1641
Evetyn Mem, (1857) I. 1 His wisdom was and his
judgement most acute : of solid discourse, affable, humble.
¢c. (with aand Z/.) A talk, a conversation. arch.
1638 THGOW 7'rav. v1. 286 In the midst of my Discourses,
I told his High the Guardi. 1644 Mitton
Educ. Wks. fe
to have saaieet te oy ee ‘
1594 Suaxs. Rich. //7, v. iii.
1597-8 Bacon
which you pr
rom those incidental discourses. 1715
430
De For Fam. Instruct. 1. viii, 1 have had a long discourse
with my father. 1727 Swirt Gudliver 1. ii. 183 They
neither can 5; nor attend to the di: others.
1887 Bowen Virg. Aéneid 1, 748 Dido the while with many
discourses lengthens the night.
+d. A common talk, report, rumour. Ods.
1692 R. L’Esrrance Yosephus’ Antig. u. ix. (1733) 43
There went a Discourse about that le _their ice
against them still more implacable. @1715 Burnet Own
Time (1823) 1. 287 Many discourses were set about upon
this occasion.
+4. Narration; a narrative, tale, account. Ods.
1572 Sik T. Smrru in Ellis Orig. Lett, Ser. u. 111. 21 This
is hitherto a brief discourse of that which hath passed sith
my lord Admiralls commyng to Paris. rs78 (title A brief
Discours off the Troubles .. abowte the Booke off Common
Prayer and Ceremonies. 1632 Litucow 7rav. v. 237
Troubling me..to show them the rare Discourses of my
long two yeares survey of Turkey. 1647 May //ist. Parl.
11. 1. 545 Out of whose faithfull relation of that Rebellion. .
I have partly collected my discourse of it.
5. A spoken or written treatment of a subject, in
which it is handled or discussed at length ; a dis-
sertation, treatise, homily, sermon, or the like.
(Now the prevailing sense.)
1581 Petrie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. 1. 18b, Referring to y®
long discourses which y? divines make of it. 1596 Harinc-
TtoN Metam, Ajax (1814) 15 The discourse ensuing is
divided into three parts. 1644 Mitton Aveo. (Arb.) 47
The acute and distinct Arminius was perverted meerly by |
the perusing of a namelesse discours writt'n at Delf. 1711
Appison Sfect. No. 106 » 7 Authors who have published
Discourses of Practical Divinity. x Rew Juguiry iii.
116 Dr. N. Grew read a discourse before the Royal ager 4
in 1675. 1803 Med. Frn/. 1X.84 The volume opens wit
a short preliminary Discourse on the education and duties
ofa Surgeon. 1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. II. 176 In the
pulpit the effect of his discourses, which were delivered
without any note, was heightened by a noble figure.
+6. a. Familiar intercourse, familiarity. b.
Familiarity with a subject ; conversancy (27). Obs.
1602 Suaxs. Ham. 1. i. 108 If you be honest, and fair,
your Honesty should admit no discourse to your Beautie.
1604 E. G. D'Acosta’s Hist. Indies 1. v. 17 The Portugals
..a Nation that hath more discourse in the Arte of Navi-
gation then any other.
7. Comb.
1628 Earte Microcosm., Scepticke in Relig. (Arb.) 67 He
is strangely vnfix’t, and a new man euery day, as his last
discourse-books Meditations transport him.
Discourse (disk6e-1s), v. [f. Discourse sé. ;
prob. influenced by F. dzscourir ‘to discourse of’
Cotgr., ad. L. discurrére to run to and fro, dis-
course, f. Dis- 1+ currére to run: cf. F. courir to
run, secondary form of OF. courre:—L. currére.
OF. had also the more literal senses ‘ to run to and
fro, to traverse ’.]
+1. zntr. To run, move, or travel over a space,
region, etc. ; ¢vansf. to ‘run out’, extend. Obs. rare.
@ 1547 SuRREY Aeneid 1. 475 With silence [silent] looke
discoursing over al. 1§5§ Even Decades 213 A greate
parte of lande. .discoursynge towarde the West. 4 .
+ 2. intr. ‘To pass from premises to conclusions
(J.); to reason. (Also with obj. clause.) Ods. (Cf.
Discourse sd, 2.)
1592 Davies /mmort. Soul 1. (R.), Nor can herself dis-
course or judge of ought, But what the sense collects, and
home anh Leaps 2 And yet the pow’rs of her discoursing
thought, From these collections is a diverse thing. ax
J. Smitn Sed. Disc. iv. 105 A mind, i.e. something within
us that thinks, apprehends, reasons, and discourses. 1660
Jer. Tavtor Duct, Dubit. 1. ii. rule iii. $ 5 1f in philosophy
we discourse that the true God, being a Spirit without
shape or figure, cannot be represented by animage. a@1700
Dryven Ovia's Met. xv. (R.), Those very elements. .trans-
lated grow, have sense or can discourse. . :
+b. ¢rans. To turn over in the mind, think
over. Obs,
1581 Perriz Guaszzo's Civ. Conv. 1. (1586) 19 He discoursed
many things in his minde. ¢ x61x Carman //iad. uu. 2 He
discourst, how best he might approue His vow made for
Achilles grace. :
3. zntr. To hold discourse, to speak with another
or others, talk, converse; to discuss a matter, confer.
(Cf, Discourse sd. 3.)
ppy wars. 1677 C. H.
Corr, (1878) 152 Several persouns are discoursed of to suc-
ceed him. 1695-6 R. Fisuer in Blackmore //ist. Conspir.
(3723) 75 It was discoursed .. about seizing on the King in
ensington House. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 204 he
in return, instructed me in the Portugueze Language: so
that in a short time we could discourse in either, x80x
Soutney Thalaba u. xxxvi, Now his tongue discoursed of
regions far remote. 1875 Jowerr Plato (ed. 2) I. 89 I am
quite willing to discourse with S tes in his own .
ig. 4592 Suaxs. Rom. §& Ful. u. ii. 13 She speakes, yet
she sayes nothing, what of that ? Her eye discourses, I will
answere it. 1607 Beaum. & Fi. Woman-Hater m1. i, Til
promise peace, and fold mine arms up; Jet but mine eye
discourse. 1644 [see Discoursine ffl. a. 2). »
b. érans. (with compi.) To pass (time) away in
discourse or talk ; to bring (a person) by discourse
into (some state). ’
x6xx Suaks. Cyd. u1. iii, 38 How. .shall we discourse The
freezing houres away? 1672 Eacnarp //odds’ State Nat,
106, I always found it an endless thing to reason and dis-
* course people into any soundness of mind. 1820 Haz.itr
DISCOURSING.
Lect. Dram. Lit, 137 Seated round [they] discourse the
silent hours away. a
4. intr. To speak or write at length on a subject ;
to utter or pen a discourse. (Cf. DiscouRsE sé. 5.)
1564 [implied in Discourser]. 1628 Prynne Ceus. Cozens
23 They haue discoursed of these seuen sinnes. 1632 Litn-
cow Trav. vi. 239 Josephus .. ly discourseth of many
hundred th famished. .within this multipotent City.
a 1704 Locke (J.), The u ii are di i
we ee
of are not known to children, ideots, and a greater part of
mankind. 1750 Larpner Wks. (1838) III. 38 Mr. Wolff
has discoursed largely of this matter. «1862 Buckte
Civiliz, (1869) I11. iv. 203 If he discoursed for two hours
without intermission, he was valued as a zealous pastor.
5. trans. Togo through in speech ; to treat of
speech or writing ; to talk over, discuss; to talk of,
converse about ; to tell, narrate, relate. arch.
1563-87 Foxe A. § M. (1684) III. 357 We have discoursed
Poy: 2 of Mr. Robert Glover. 1591 Suaks. 1 Hen. VJ,
1, iv. 26 How wert thou handled, being Prisoner ?. . Discourse
I prethee on this Turrets top. a1592 Martowe & Nasne
Dido uu. Wks. (Rtldg.) 256/2 To discourse at large, And
truly too, how ‘Troy was overcome. a 1652 J. Smitu Sed.
Disc, 1x. iii. (1821) 422 Having discoursed the nobleness
religion in its original and nature; we come now to consider
the excellency of religion in its ties. 1654 WHITLocK
Zootomia 388 Alcibiades cut of his Dogs Taile..that so the
talkative people might lesse discourse his other Actions. 1
Cotuirr tr. Greg. Nazianzen 57, | need not discourse, that
Passion, Rancour, and Malice, are not allow’d a Christian.
1727 Swirt Gulliver u. viii. 170 Discoursing this matter
with the sailors while I was asleep. 1822 B. Cornwatt
Dram. Scenes, Tartarus, Moans, beside Its waters rising,
discourse tales of sin.
is x Greene Maiden's Dreame xxix, His open hands
iscours'd his inward grace.
+b. To utter, say; to speak or write formally.
(With the utterance or thing said as object.) Ods.
1604 Suaxs. Oth. 1. iii, 282 Drunke? And — Parrat ?
.. And discourse Fustian with ones owne low? 1654
WurtLock Zootomia 446 Who it may be can discourse
nothing but slander, or censure. 1744 Harris Three Treat.
lL. I, (1765) 108 The Joy. .in recollecting what we have dis-
coursed on these Subjects.
c. To utter, give forth (musical sounds).
(Chiefly as a reminiscence of the Shakspere passage.)
x60z Suaxs. Ham, m1. ii. 374 Giue it breath with your
mouth, and it will discourse most excellent Musicke.
CartyLe “ry. Rev. LL ut. ix. (1872) 135 The tocsins dis-
course stern music. 1881 Scribner's Mag. XXI1. 267/2 The
Ridgemont brass band was discoursing familiar strains. 1882
Besant Revolt of Max xi. (1883) 263 the Green the band
was discoursing sweet music.
+6. trans. To speak or converse with (a person),
to talk to; to discuss a matter with, confer with ;
to speak to, address, harangue. Ods. or arch.
(Very common down to 1750).
3677 A. Yarranton Eng. /mprov. 25 All the People. . will
discourse their Parliament Men in these things hinted at.
1689-92 Locke Toleration ut. ii. Wks. 1727 IL. 330 A Friend
whom I discoursed on this Point. @ oop Life(O.H.S.)
III. 408 He overtook me on horse back. .and discours’d me
| aloud. 170a Ecuarp Zcc/. Hist.(1710) 226 While Peter thus
rsed th
discou’ e people. 1763 Frankiin Let, Wks. 1887 IIT.
229 That I might... have more convenient opportunities of
discoursing them on our publick affairs. 1866 WuiTieR
Marg. Smith's ¥rni. Prose Wks. 1889 1. 21 Sir Thomas dis-
coursed us in his lively way.
+ Discow'rseless, a. Ods. e[f. Discourse sé.
+-LESS.] Void of reasoning power ; unreasoning.
1620 Suetton Quix. IIL, vi. 69 To attempt things whence
rather harm may after resulty:nto us then good, is the part
of rash and discourseless braifis.
Discourser (disk61s01). Also 6 -our, 7 -or.
[f. Discoursg v. + -En1.] One who discourses ;
a speaker, talker, narrator, preacher, orator ; the
writer of a discourse or dissertation. i a
1 Brief. Exam, * «iijb, There are muc ynes be-
one ion discoursours. 1579 J- Sruppes Coping Gulf
Avyj b, These discoursers that vse word of God with as
little conscience as they doe Machiavel. 1600 O. E. Reply
Libel 1, vii. 166 An idle di , that th que
that bee not to purpose. R. Fohnson's Kingd. &
Commew, 300 Some few particulars .. worthy a much more
iscourser, 1713
ample discourse, and a .. better informed
Bentiey Freethinking 65 (R.) Our discourser here
uoted nine verses out of it. 1 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852)
I, 415 It behoves the discourser upon og ser matters to
consider [etc.]. 1884 Cuurcn Bacon iii. 62, erhaps she dis-
trusted in business and state affairs so brilliant a discourser.
Discoursing, vé/. sd. [f. Discourse v. +
-InG!,] The action of the verb DISCOURSE, q.V. }
talking, conversation ; ort i per
Br. Scor in Strype Ann. Ref. 1. App. x. 33 Let the
ican together. .for the discoursinge therof. 1667
Br. S. Parker Cens. Platon, Phil, 37 Plato's
about practicall matters are exceeding handsome and
pertinent. 1683 Hacke Cod/ect. Voy. (1699) 1. 7 We concluded
the ae - htop 8 ah was very Fe
occasioned the Storm. 1 theneum 17 Mar. 3
listen to the di: ing of an plish 3 man of betters
.. is always a pleasure.
Discou'rsing, ///. «.
That discourses ; See the ver
+1. Passing from premisses to consequences,
reasoning ; reasonable, rational. vee A :
‘mmort. Zu. xi. wan
shot quick that Per Which dot us the erring
correc! . Dicsy cone. ° ]
The Fathers works : will. inform a dis-
g as prec. + -ING 2]
coursing of the true state 1642 R.CaRPENTER
Baperience 1. v. 156 "Motives a to induce a dis-
coursing man to forsake the Jesuits.
DISCOURSIST.
+b. Passing rapidly from one thonght to an-
other; busily thinking. Ods.
@ 1568 ASCHAM Scholem. 1. (Arb.) 78 A factious hart, a dis-
coursing head, a mynde to medle in all mens matters. 1625,
Bacon &ss., Truth (Arb.) 499 And though the Sects of
Philosophers of that Kinde be gone, yet there remaine cer-
taine discoursing Wits. 1638 Forp Lady's Triad uu. iii, We
..Frame strange conceits in our discoursing brains.
2. Talking, holding discourse ; delivering a dis-
course.
1568 Ascuam Scholem. (Arb.) 76 A busie head, a dis-
coursing tong, and a factious harte. 1644 BuLwer (¢2¢/e),
Chirologia: or the Naturall Language of the Hand. Com-
posed of the Speaking Motions, and Discoursing Gestures
thereof. 1891 Daily News 2 Oct. 5/6 Mrs. Theodore Fry..
and Miss Orme, were the discoursing ladies.
+Discou'rsist. Os. [f. Discourse v. + -Ist.]
One who reasons or draws conclusions.
1622 Mappe tr. Aleman's Guzman a’Alf. i, 205 Thereby
every good Discoursist might come to the knowledge of the
fault, and repent himselfe thereof.
oursitive : see D1scouRSATIVE.
+ Discouw'rsive, 2. Ods. [f. Discourse v. +
-IVE: cf. discursive, which follows Latin analogies.]
1. Of or pertaining to ‘discourse’ or reason;
having the power of reasoning ; rational.
1504 Carew Huarte's Exam, Wits (1616) 60 Vnderstood
of the faculties or reasonable wits, which are discoursiue and
actiue. 1645 RurHerrorD 7yal & Tri. Faith (1845 286 The
prime faculty, reason, the discoursive power. 1649 DAVENANT
Love & Honour 1. Dram. Wks. 1873 111. 109 The brute herd
..though they want Discoursive soul, are less inhuman far
than he. 1678 Lively Orac. 1. § 62. 261 He must be sup-
pos’d..to have given men discoursive faculties.
b. Proceeding by reasoning, argumentative.
1588 J. Harvey (/7t/e), Discoursive Probleme concerning
Prophesies. 1592 Nasue P. Pentlesse (ed. 2) 22a, Hee fell
into a discoursive consideration, what this world was, @ 1652
J. Situ Se?. Disc. iv. 94 All such actions. .we know, without
any great store of discoursive inquiry, to attribute to their
own proper causes. 1753 L. M. tr. Du Boscg’s Accomplish'a
Woman 1. 221 Fortune gives kingdoms, but art no more
than discoursive knowledge and science, ,
2. Passing from one thing to another, discursive.
1s92 Davies Jmmort. Soul vit. xi. (1714) 52 His sight is
not discoursive, by degrees; But seeing the whole, each
single Part doth see. 1613 W. Browne Shefh. Pipe vii. (R.)
Thou. .In thy discoursive thought, dost range as farre.
3. Disposed or ready to discourse or converse ;
talkative; conversable, communicative.
1605 Dante Philotas Poems (1719) 321 See how these vain -
Discoursive Bookmen talk. owELt For, Trav. (Arb.)
30 The one Discoursive and Sociable, the other Reserved
and Thoughtfull. 1669 Woop Li ext H. S.) II. 169 He
found him a complaisant man, very free and discoursive.
b. Of the nature of discourse or dialogue; con-
versational.
@1592 Martowe & Nasue Dio 1, (Rtldg.) 254/2 But thou
art gone, and leav’st me here alone, To dull the air with my
discoursive moan. cx1645 Howe t Le?t. (1650) III. ix.17 You
promised a further expression of your self by way of a Dis-
coursive Letter what you thought of Copernicus opinion.
1668 Drypen Ess. Dram. Poesy in Arb. Garner IIL. 567
For the Epic way is euery where interlaced with Dialogue
or Discoursive Scenes. 1716 M. Davies Athen, Brit. ut.
Crit. Hist. 111 The Editioning of..Ancient Authors, with-
out any..long discoursive Comments, or long-winded
Sententions-Notes.
+ Discou'rsively, adv. Obs. [f. prec. + -LY?.]
Ina ‘discoursive’ way: a. Rationally; b. Conver-
sationally ; ¢. By way of a discourse or set speech.
1588 J. Harvey Disc. Probl. 7 To proceede tentatiuely,
and discoursiuely, as the foresaid schoolemen vse to call it.
1593 R. Harvey Philad. 7 You are very bookishly and
literally wise, not reasonably and discoursively. 1642
Howe tt For. Trav. (Arb.) 39 He hath made an introduction
into the Spanish tongue ., so that... he may easily come to
eit discoursively. 1656 CromwELL SZ. 17 Sept., Not
discoursively, in the oratoric way; but to let you see the
matter of fact. .how the state of your affairs stands.
‘+ Discowrsiveness. Ods. [f. as prec. +
*NESS.] The quality of being ‘ discoursive’.
1627-77 Fectuam Resolves u. xliv. 245 The discoursiueness
of Reason.
+ Discou'rt, v. Olds. [f. Dis- 7 b+ Court sd.
6.] trans. To dismiss or expel from court ; to de-
prive of court favour; =Dxcourr.
1585 Wotton Let. to Walsingham 1 June in Tytler //7st.
Scot. (1864) 1V. 99/2 Whether ‘he might not be better dis-
courted by way of justice. 161 Speep Hist. Gt. Brit. vi.
xiv. 155 Jehu -. commanded all his officers to offer sacrifice
to the Idoll-Gods, pretending to dis-court all such as refused.
1676 W. Row Contx. Blair's Autobiog. xii. (1848) 436 Mid-
dleton was like to be discourted. 1721-2 Woprow Hist.
Suff. Ch. Scot. 1. v. (1828) 384 The chancellor threatened to
disgrace and discourt him.
urteous (diskGe-1tyas, -kd-1tyas), a. [fF
Dis- 10+ Courrrous a.; prob. after F. discourtots
(Cotgr.), earlier des-, or It.déscortese (Florio 1598).]
Void of or lacking in courtesy; rude, uncivil.
1578 T. N. tr. Cong. W. India7 Cortez..used discourteous
words unto him in the presence of many. 1590 GREENE O77.
Fur Wks. (Rtldg.) 98/1 Discourteous women, natures fairest
ill. 1690 CrowNE Ene. Frierv. 44 Ladies are discourteous
to themselves who take liberties discretion will not allow.
1814 Sournry Roderick xvi, That e’er of old in forest of
romance ’Gainst knights and ladies waged discourteous war.
31877 Rita Vivienne m1. vii, Pardon me that in a moment of
just indignation I have seemed discourteous.
iscowrteously, adv. [f. prec.+-Ly 2.] In
a discourteous manner; with incivility.
1584 C. Rosinson Handf. Delites (Spencer Soc.) 19 Alas
431
my love, ye do me wrong, to cast me off discurteously. 1647
Trapp Comm. Matt. v. 44 Abraham rescueth his nephew
Lot, that had dealt so discourteously with him, 1845 Lp.
Campsett Chancellors (1857) VI. cxxiii. 74 Peter, though so
discourteously treated in this controversy, did not flinch.
1870 Disrartt Lothair xlvi, Lord St. Aldegonde .. moved
discourteously among them.
Discouw'rteousness. 7ave.
-NESS.] © Rudeness, incivility.
1727 in Bartey vol. II, 1866 [see DiscourTeEsy].
Discourtesy (diskoe-stési, -ko-4-). [f. Dis- 9
+ Courtesy, after F. dzscourtozste (Cotgr.), earlier
des- (15th c. in Hatz.-Darm.); cf. It. dscortesta
(Florio), Sp. descortesia (Minsheu).] The opposite
of courtesy; rude or uncivil behaviour ; incivility ;
an instance of this.
1555 Even Decades 252 Mee thynke it shulde seeme a great
discurtesie if I shuld not shewe yowe all that I knowe. 1599
Sanpys Europe Spec. (1632) 154 Some jealousies and dis-
curtesies passed lately betweene them and the Pope. 1611
Suaxs. Cyd, u. iii. 101, I pray you spare me, ’faith I shall
vnfold equall discourtesie to your best kindnesse, 1670
Eacuarp Cont, Clergy 16 Such pretended favours and kind-
nesses, as these, are the most right down discourtesies in the
world, 1849 Macautay /fist, Eng. 11. 78 Ample apologies
were therefore made for the discourtesy. 1859 ‘TENNYSON
Idylls, Elaine 968, | pray you, use some rough discourtesy
‘Yo blunt or break her passion. 1866 Mrs. Srowr Lét. /oves
100 (heading) Discourteousness. .I think one of the greatest
destroyers of domestic peace is Discourtesy.
+Discowrtship. Ols. rare. [f. Dis- 9 +
CourtsHip 1b.) = DIscourrEsy.
1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. v. ii, Monsieur, we must
not so much betray ourselves to discourtship, as to suffer
you _to be longer unsaluted.
+ Discous, a. Oés. [ad. mod.L. déscdsus
f. disc-us Disk: see -oUs.] Having a disk or
disks; discoid.
1706 Puituirs (ed. Renee) Discous or Discoidal Flowers
.. whose FVoscudi or little Leaves, are set together so close,
thick, and even, as to make the surface of the Flower plain
and flat like a Dish. 1727 Battery vol. II. Déscous Flower
..is that which has a Disk without any Rays, as in Tansy,
etc. 1794 Martyn Rousscanu's Bot, xxvi. 384 Discoid, or as
some call them discous flowers.
+ Disco'venable, «. Ods. [a. OF. descoven-
able, -convenadle, unsuitable, unbefitting, incon-
venient, f. des-, DIs- 4 + co(m)venable; see Con-
VENABLE, COVENABLE.] Unsuitable, unbefitting,
inappropriate.
[r292 Britton 1. xxix. § 5 Si la condicioun soit inpossible
ou descovenable.] 1474 Caxton Chesse u. v. D viij b, The
peple of rome .. no thynge shamefast to demaunde thynges
discouenable. 1484 — CAzvalry 18 A discouenable thyng it
shold be that a man that wold lerne to sewe shold lerne
to sewe of a carpenter,
+ Disco'venant, v. Obs. [f. Dis- 6 + Cove-
NANT v. I, or Dis- 7 a+ CovENANT 5b.) trans, To
dissolve covenant with; to exclude from a covenant.
Hence Disco'venanted ///. a.
1650 Trapp Comm. Pentat. 1. 101 God will own them no
longer ; they are now dis-covenanted. 1667 FLaveL Saint
Indeed (1754) 34 If he had .. discovenanted my soul, I had
reason to be cast down, 1702 C. Matuer Magu. Chr. v.
App. (1852) 292 ‘They were once in covenant and never since
discovenanted. 1861 Lytton & Fane Vannhduser 97 No
more. .rebuild The rainbow of discovenanted Hope.
Disco-venanter. vare—'. [f. Dis- 9 +
COVENANTER 2.] One who refused to sign or ad-
here to the (Scottish) Covenants; cf. COVENANT
sb. 9.
1827 Aikman Hist. Scot. 1V.vit.186 The secret malignants
and discovenanters.
Discover (diskv'va1), v. Forms: a. 4- dis-
cover; also 4 deschuver, discoovir, 4-5 dys-,
4-7 discouer, 5 -cuuer, -couyr, -couuer. 8. 4
diskyuer, 5 dis-, dyskeuer. y. 4 descure, 4-6
discour(e, -cure, 5 -cuyre, 5-6 -kure, 6 -cuir.
5. 5-6 dis-, dyskere. [a. OF. descovr-ir, des-
couvr-ir = Pr, and Sp. descubrir, It. discovrire (later
-coprire),ad. med.L, discooperire, lateL. or Romanic
f. Dis- 4+ L. cooperire to Cover. The OF’, stressed
form descuevre, -queuvre, gave the Eng. variant,
diskever (still déal.), and the vocalizing of v be-
tween vowels, gave the reduced dscour, -cure, and
diskere.]
+1. vans. To remove the covering (clothing, roof,
lid, etc.) from (anything) ; to. bare, uncover; esf.
to uncover (the head), to unroof (a building), Ods.
1382 Wycur Lez, xxi. 10 His heed he shal not discotiér,
his clothis he shal not kitt. 14.. LypG. Temple of Glas 916
Who pat wil. . Fulli be cured. . He most. .Discure his wound,
& shew it to his lech. ¢ 1449 Pecock Repr. 1. x. 206 The
principal Crucifix of the chirche schal be Discovered and
schewid baar and nakid to alle the peple of the Processioun.
1483 Caxton Gold, Leg. 362/2 She. .said to her sustres that
they sholde discouere their hedes. 1520 Wuitinton Viele.
(1527) 40 Let hym also..set his cuppe surely before his
superyour, discouer it and couer it agayne with curtes:
made, 1571 GriNDAL Articles 50 Whether any man hat
pulled downe or discouered any Church, chauncell, or
happell. 1627 Lisand Cal. v. 80 At the end of his
sermon having discovered his head. 1628 Coxe On Litt.
1. 53 If the house be discouered by tempest, the tenant must
in conuenient time repaire it. : i
+2. To remove, withdraw (anything serving as
a cover); to cause to cease to be a covering. Ods._|
1535 Stewart Croz. Scot. 11, 139 At the last the cloud
[f. as prec. +
DISCOVER.
ane lytill we Discouerit wes, that tha micht better se. x61
Bis_e Yer. xiii. 22 For the greatnesse of thine iniquitie are
thy skirts discouered. 1618 CHAPMAN Hesiod 1. 161 When
the woman the unwieldy lid Had once discover'd, all the
miseries hid. .dispersed and flew About the world.
3. To disclose or expose to view (anything
covered up, hidden, or previously unseen), to re-
veal, show. Now rare.
c1450 Loneticu Grail lv. 175 Thanne browhte Aleyn this
holy vessel anon .. & there it discouerede & schewed it
kyng. 1535 CoverDALE /sa. xxvi. 21 He wil discouer the
bloude that she hath devoured. 1613 Voy. Guiana in Har.
Misc. (Malh.) IIL. 182 A goodly river, discovering a gallant
Country. 1660 HickERINGILL Yamraica (1661) 39 Columbus,
to whose happy search, the West-Indies first discovered
it self. 1689 — Modest Ing. v. 35 Which Wrinckles I had
rather Masque over and cover, than discover. 1716 Lapy
M. W. Montacu Let. to Pope 14 Sept., The stage was
built over a..canal, and, at the beginning of the second act,
divided into two parts discovering the water. 1797 Mrs.
Rapcurrre /tadian xxxii, ‘This discovered to Schedoni the
various figures assembled in his dusky chamber. a 1861
Croucu Fss. Class. Metres, Actacon 13 She..Swift her di-
vine shoulders discovering. 1882 STEVENSON New 17ad. Nts.
(1884) 121 ‘The nurseryman. .readily discovered his hoard.
Jig. 1892 Newman Suytu Cho. Ethics 1. iii, 188 This mode
of thinking discovers a cosmical moral significance in the in-
carnation,
+b. To afford a view of, to show. Ods.
1600 EF. Biounr tr. Conestaggio 212 Upon the hils, which
discover the enimies lodging and their trenches. 1638 Sir
T. Hersert 7 raz. (ed. 2) 73 "Tis wall’d about, and to the
N.N.W. discovers a lake or fish-pond five miles over.
1667 Mitton P. ZL. 1. 64 From those flames No light, but
rather darkness visible Serv’d only to discover sights of
woe. cxrzro C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 112 An advanced
piece of ground above all the rest .. discovers the Country
a great Circuit round.
c. To discover check (Chess): to remove a piece
or pawn which stands between a checking piece
and the king, and so to put the latter in check.
(1614 A. Saut Chess viii, The Mate by discovery, the most
industrious Mate of all.) 1816 Stratagems of Chess (1817)
1r Place the queen, bishop or castle behind a pawn or a
piece in such a manner as upon playing that pawn or piece
you discover a check upon your adversary’s king. 1847
Sraunton Chess Pl. Handbk. 20 When the King is directly
attacked by the Piece played, it is a simple check; but when
the Piece moved does not itself give check, but unmasks
another which does, it is called a discovered check. /d/d,
28 A striking though simple instance of the power of a dis-
covered check, /did. 29 White must play his Rook to
K.Kt.’s sixth square, discovering check with the Bishop.
1870 Harpy & Ware Mod. Hoyle, Chess 42 Double Check is
when check is discovered. .the King being also attacked by
the piece moved.
4. To divulge, reveal, disclose to knowledge (any-
thing secret or unknown) ; to make known. arch.
a. With simple object.
a1300 Cursor M. 28293 (Cott.) Priuetis o fremyd and
frende I haue discouerd ale vn-hende. ¢ 1350 Will. Palerne
3192 Pis dede schal i neuer deschuuer, c 1386 CHAUCER
Can. Yeo. Prol. §& 7.143 Thou sclaundrest me..And eek
discouerest that thou sholdest hyde. ¢1470 Harpinc Chron.
ui, The youngest suster the mater all discured To her
husbande. ?¢1475 Sgr. lowe Degre 868 Anone he made
hym swere His counsayl he should never diskere. 1
Suaxs. Rom, & Ful. ut. i. 147 O Noble Prince, I can dis-
couer all The vnluckie Mannage of this fatall brall. 1662
J. Davies tr. Mandelslo’s Trav. 5 They contain some
secrets which Time will discover. 1712 W. RocGers Voy. 9
(I) now thought it fit to discover to our Crew whither we
were bound. 1751 Jonson Rambler No. 97 P 14 He
honestly discovers the state of his fortune.
b. With subord. cé.
1599 SHAKs. Much Ado1. ii. 12 The Prince discouered to
Claudio that hee loued my niece your daughter. 1845 J. H.
Newman Le?¢. (1891) II. 460 Continually do I pray that He
would discover to me if I am under a delusion.
te. adsol. Obs.
14.. Lypc. Temple of Glas 629 Lich him pat .. knowep
not, to whom forto discure. 1659 Burton's Diary (1828)
1V. 302 All means were used to make him discover, but he
.. would not confess.
+5. To reconnoitre. Also adso/. Ods.
1375 Barsour Bruce xiv. 268 Furth till discouir, thair way
thai ta. c1475 Rauf Coiljear 798 Derflie ouir Daillis, dis-
couerand the doun, Gif ony douchtie that day for Lornayis
was dicht’ 1§13 DouGLas 4neis 1x. ili. 196 Of the nycht
wach the cure We geif Mesapus, the 3ettis todiscure. 1
Unton Corr. (Roxb) 330 ‘The king this day goeth to the
warr to discover. 1600 E. Buounr tr. Conestaggio 211 He
issued foorth..with his whole army, onely with an intent
to discover.
6. To reveal the identity of (a person); hence,
to betray. arch.
¢1320 Sir Beues 74 Maseger, do me surte, bat pow nelt
nou3t discure me To no wi3t !_ ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Merch. 7.
698 Mercy, and that ye nat discouere me, 1465 Paston
Lett. No. 527 Il. 234 A told me.. in noo wyse that ye
dyskure not Master Stevyn. 1599 Warn. Faire Wom. u.
524 Whither shal I fly? The very bushes wil dis-cover me.
1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi's Eromena 71 When hee asked
who hee was, the Marquesse durst not discover him (so
strictly was he tied by pose to conceale him). 1726 Adv.
Capt. R. Boyle 264 She at last discover'd herself to me:
She was Daughter-in-law to [etc.]. 1865 KincsLey Herevw,
xix, He was on the point of discovering himself to them.
+7. To manifest, exhibit, display (an attribute,
quality, feeling, etc.). Ods.
©1430 Piler. Lyf Marhode i. cxxv. (1869) 66 It is michel
more woorth.. fs to diskeuere his iustice, and to say,
bihold mi swerde whiche i haue vnshethed you. 1576
Fieminc Panofl, Epist. 338 M. Clemens, to whome S. T.
Moore hathe discovered a fewe sparckles of his benevolence
towardes mee, 1589 Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 33, I haue
DISCOVER.
not. .store of plate to discover anie wealth. 1615 J. Sre-
puens Satyr. Ess, 213 He will enter into a Taverne. .
to discover his gold lace and scarlet. 1682 Bunyan Holy
War (Cassell) 141 With what agility .. did these mili
men discover their skill in feats Ee Meee he
Revynotps Disc. 1v. (1876) 347 He takes as much pains to
discover, as the greater artist does to conceal, the-marks of
his subordinate assiduity. =
b. esp. To manifest by action; to display (un-
consciously or unintentionally); to exhibit, betray,
allow to be seen or perceived. arch.
¢1460 La Belle Dame 403 in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866)
65 If youre grace to me be Discouerte, Thanne be your
meane soon shulde I be relevyd. 1556 Aurelio & /sab.
(1608) I. vii, Then yowre regard discoverethe. .the desire of
yowre harte. 1600 E. Brount tr. Conestaggio 117 The
more he mounted, the more he discovered his incapacitie.
1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriot. ii. (1736) 29 The remaining
Bones discovered his Proportions. 1 Lapetye Short
Acc. Piers Westm. Bridge 55 Vhe Timber .. discover'd a
strong Smell of Turpentine upon the first Stroke of a Plane.
1836-7 Sin W. Hamitton AMetaph.(1877) I. xviii. 341 She had
never discovered a talent for poetry or music. 1887 7imes
27 Aug. 11/3 He was bitten by a pet fox which subsequently
discovered symptoms of rabies.
ec. With subord. clause.
1596 Srenser State /red. Wks. (Globe) 640/1 The which
name doth discover them to be also auncient English. 1622
J. Meape in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. III. 126 How could
that discover they were for Spaine? 1713 Pore Guardian
No. 4? 2 A lofty gentleman Whose air and gait discovered
when he had published a new book. 1802-3 tr. Pallas’ Trav.
(1812) I. 425 All the Nagais still discover by their features,
that they are of Mongolian origin. 1856 Emerson Eng.
Traits, First Visit Wks.(Bohn) I1.7 Rousseau’s Confessions
had discovered to him [Carlyle] that he was not a dunce.
8. To obtain sight or knowledge of (something
previously unknown) for the first time; to come to
the knowledge of; to find out.
a. With simple object.
1555 Even Decades 2 Colonus .. in this fyrst nauigation
discouered vj Iandes. 1585 T. Wasnincton tr. Nicholay's
Voy. 1. v. 4 Wee discovered at the Seas two Foystes which
came even towardes the place where we were. 1670 Mayn-
warinGc Physician's Repos. 90 This alkalisate property was
first discovered by preparation and tryals. 1783 H. yt
Lect. Rhet. x. (Seager), We invent things that are new;
we discover what was before hidden. Galileo invented the
telescope ; Harvey discovered the circulation of the blood.
1840 Penny Cycl. XVI. 176 Banks’s Islands .. were dis-
covered by Captain Bligh in 1789. 1860 ‘T'yNDALL G/ac. 11.
xvii. 317 The sounds continued without our being able to
discover their source.
b. With sudord. clause or inf. phrase.
1556 Aurelio & /sab. (1608) Biij, Your love shal be dis-
covered to be false. 1676 Lister in Aay’s Corr. (1848) 125,
I am glad you have discovered those authors to be plagi-
aries. 1727 Swirt Gulliver u. viii. 169 He sent out his
long-boat to discover what I was. 1868 Lockyer Elem.
Astron. vi. (1879) 228 Dr. Wollaston in .. 1802 discovered
that there were nike lines crossing the spectrum in different
places. 1892 Sir H. E. Loves in Law Zimes’ Rep. LXVII.
150/2 The defendant Burton says he discovered that he had
made a mistake.
ce. To catch sight of; tosight,descry, espy. arch.
1576-90 N. ‘I’. (L. Tomson) Acts xxi. 3 And when we had
discouered Cyprus, we left it on the jefe hand. 1585 ‘I.
Wasuincton tr. Nicholay's Voy. 1. xi. 13 In the evening we
discovered the citie of Gigeri. 1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's
Trav. 23 From the top of the hill you discover Aden, stand-
ing in uae plain. 1726 Adv. Caft. R. Boyle 373 November
3, we discover'd England, whose Chalky Cliitg gave us all
avast Delight. 1817 SHettey Nev. /slam vu. xl. 5 Day was
almost over, When through the fading light I could discover
A ship approaching,
+9. ‘To bring into fuller knowledge; to explore
(a country, district, etc.). Ods.
rs82 N. Licuerietp tr. Castanheda’s Cong. E. Ind, \xxv.
154 In commission to go & discouer the red Sea with the
‘ountreyes adiacent. 1670 Narsoroucu Fraud. in Acc. Sev.
Late Voy. 1. (1711) 43, I sent in my Boat to discover the
Harbour, and see ifthe Pink was there, 1778 Eng. Gazetteer
(ed. 2) s.v. Tingmonth, The Danes landed here in 970, to
discover the country previous to their invasion of it. 1
Prescott Peru 11, 192 He was empowered to discover and
ote the country for the distance of two hundred leagues,
+10. intr. To make discoveries, to explore. Ods,
1582 N. Licnertern tr. Castanheda's Cong. E. Ind. iv. 10b,
Vpon Christmas daye, they had discouered along the Coast,
three score and tenne leagues to the 5 rts. | 1685 R,
Burton Eng. Emp. Amer. ii. 39 Capt. Henry Hudson in
1607 discovered farther North toward the Pole than perhaps
any before him. 1821 Sourney E.xfed. of Orsua 129 We
set out from Peru for the river Maranham, to discover and
settle there.
+b. ‘To have or obtain a view; to look; to see.
1599 Haxtuvr Voy. IL. 1. 234 Standing at the one gate
you may discouer to the other. 1647 SaLtmarsH Sfark.
Glory (1847) 141 They that have discovered up into free-
grace or the mystery of salvation. Hotcrorr Procopius
1. 20 From a hil discovering round, they saw a dust, and
soon after a great troop of Vandals. 1667 Lp. Dicny Elvira
u, vii, There's ere the street, it is so light One may
discover a mile. by 2 rE Ess, Crit. 647 He steer'd securely,
and discover'd far, Led by the light of the Mzonian star,
+11. ¢rans.and intr. To distinguish, discern. Ods.
1620 E. Bount Horae Subsec. 45 is kind of Flatterie
. is so closely intermixed with friendship, that it can hard)
be discouered from it. 26g0 W. Broucu Sacr. Princ. (16 3)
1 Discover better betwixt the Spirit of God and t
orld. 1655 Mr. Worcester Cent. Juv. vi, Far as Eye
can discover black from white. 1796 Mxs. E. Parsons
Myst. Warning U1. 59 A semblance of honour I had not
the penetration to discover from a ‘ges § ;
Hence Disco'vering vé/. sb, and ffi. a.
c1350 Will. Palerne 1044, 1 drede me of descuuering, for
3e haue dwelled long. 1375 Barsour Bruce 1. 242 Thus
Even Decades fj agg oe Hy ns of anwar
DEN De 31 yrste tu este
Indies. 1583 Gotpinc Calvin on Deut. Wiii. 349 To the
womanly errs See
middle ‘Transome would be bar to a mans eye, hinder-
some to the free discoverin; the Countrey, CLAREN-
pon Contemp. Ps., Tracts oay) 668 Who love such discover-
Woopwarp Nat. Hist. Earth w.
ins also, are instrumental to the
Discovering of Amber.
Discoverabi'lity. [f. next: see -rry.] The
baie of being discoverable; capability of being
ound out.
1840 CaktyLe Heroes i. (1872) 4 Belief that there is a
Greatest Man; that he is discoverable. the ‘ discoverability’
is the only error here. 1867 Sabbath on Rock ii. 42 To set
os discoverability as the test of a moral law.
scoverable (diskv-varab'l),a. [f. Discover
v.+-ABLE.] Capable of being discovered or found
out; discernible, perceptible, ascertainable.
1572 in Sir F. Drake revived (1628) 24 Some fit place
..- where we might safely leave our Ship at Anchor, not dis-
couerable by the enemy, 1628 Earte Microcosm., A weake
Max (Arb.) 59 One discouerable in all sillinesses to all men
but himselfe. 1736 Butter Anad, u. i. Wks. 1874 I. 154
Containing an account of a dispensation of things not dis-
ing words [etc.].
(1723) 244 Rivers and
coverable by reason. 1751 Jounson Kambler No. 183 ? 8
Its effects. .are everywhere discoverable, 1856 Froupe ///s¢.
Eng. 11. x. 413 The report..is no longer extant. Bonner
was directed by Queen Mary to destroy all discoverable
copies of it. 1873 M. ArNotp Lit. § Dogma (1876) 2&4 Pro-
voking it by every means discoverable,
Disco'verably, adv. [f. prec. + -ty*] So
as to be discovered ; perceptibly.
1646 Six T. Browne /seud. Ef. 1. iv. 79 Saltes [attract]..
but weakely..nor very discoverably by any frication. 184
CaryLe Past & Pr. u. iii. (1845) 69 The river Lark, fee.
not very discoverably, still runs or stagnates in that country.
+ Disco-verance. 0és. rare—'. [f. Discover
v. + -ANCE: cf. obs. F. descouvrance (16th c. in
Godef.).] The action of discovering ; discovery.
1664 Power £xf. Philos. 1. 33, 1 have another advan-
tageous way of discoverance of them to the bare eye also.
Discovered (diskz-vaid), pp/. a. [f. Discover
v, +-ED 1.)
+1. Uncovered; bare ; having the head bare.
iy Caxton Chivalry 88 That daye that he seeth the
hede of his wyf or ony other bare and discourd. 1579
Fenton Guicciard. (1618) 99 The campe of the Florentines
.. being pitched in a place so open and discouered. 1594
3LUNDEVIL £-xerc. ul. u. iv. (ed. 7) 378 Leaving other partS
of the earth drie, and discovered. a 1638 Mepe Ws, (1672)
61 Having their faces discovered, their hair dishevelled.
1644 R. Batu Lett. §& Fruds. (1841) IL. 149 In preaching
he [Mr. Nye] thinks the minister should be covered and the
people discovered. 1692 J. M. Zingis 147 Seeing his Head
discover’d, he knew him to be the Prince of Brema,
2. Made manifest; found out, revealed, divulged.
ate Bett Haddon's Answ, Osor. 173 Whatsoever is
decreed either by his covered or discovered will. 1603
Knottes Hist, Turks (1638) 91 Which companies. .came
neer to the town unseen or discouered. 1670 CLARENDON
Ess. Tracts (1727) 133 Upon the most discovered and notor-
ious transgressions 1718 Motreux Quix. (1892) I, xxxvi.
278 The whole length of the discovered world. 1864 Pusry
Lett. Daniel ix. 542 His discovered error.
b. Discovered check (Chess): see DISCOVER 2. 3 Cc.
Hence + Disco'veredly adv., ey, manifestly.
1659 Torriano, A//a-scopérta, openly, discoveredly, in
view of all. :
Discoverer (disk»’varo1), Forms: 4 discurer,
5 des- dys- discoverour, dyscowerer, -cuerer,
-curer, discurrour, -owr, -cowrrour, 6 (S¢c.)
discuriour, 6- discoverer. [ad. OF. descouvreur,
-eor (13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), mod.F. découvreur,
f. descouvrir to Discover = It. discopritore, Sp.
descubridor ; repr. late L. type *dixooper trem,
+1. One who makes known, discloses, or reveals
(a secret); an informer. Ods.
@ 1300 Cursor M. 27469 (Cott.) Pe tent if he tell o pis man
° ie es he discurer tea. c ne Pr . Parv. 122/1 Dys-
curer, or dyscowerer of cownselle (v. 7. discuerer), arditrer.
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary u. (1625) 122 Wine saith Ovid,
is the discoverer of secrets. _ Norris Pract, Disc.
(1707) IV. 155 Jesus Christ is the first Discoverer of the
other world, Lurrrett Brief Red. (1857) 11. 606 The
authors are searched for, and great rewards offered to the
discoverers. 1710 Parmer Proverds 198 There is somewhat
of a universal abhorrence in men's minds to a discoverer.
1778 Phil. Surv. S. Tret. 25x V'll turn discoverer, and in spite
of you,.I shall heir,
+2. One sent out to reconnoitre; a scout, spy,
explorer. Ods.
1375 Barsour Bruce 1x. 244 The discurrouris saw thame
cumande With baneris to the vynd vafand. 1513 DouGias
Aéneis \, viii. 124 And with discuriouris keip the coist on
raw. 1577 B. Gooce Heresbach's Husd, wv. (1586) 175 b,
They [bees] send abroad their discoverers to finde out more
foode. 1597 Suaxs. 2 Hen. /V, tv. i. 3 Here .. send dis-
couerers forth, To know the numbers of our Enemies. 1625
Br. Mountacu Appeal Casar xxxvii. 320 A field of Thistles
seemed once a battell of Pikes unto some Discoverers of the
Duke of ——
3. One who discovers or finds out that which was
previously unknown.
1600 Hakuyr Voy. py lat as wae hat was the test
discouerer by sea, that hath bene in our age. 1602 WARNER
DISCOVERY.
1718 Prior K: 319 gn isles which our
coverers find. 1855 uLay Hist, Eng. 1V.691 He was
not..the first great whom prii and
had regarded as a dreamer. ’
+ 4. (?) An umpire between two combatants in a
tournament. Oés.
(Cf. 1440 in 1). Lybeaus Disc. 925 Taborus and trom-
pours, Winale one descoverou a strokes gon des-
crye. 1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. 77, tan. 1) 12 Not onely..
to see. .their manly feates..but also to discoverer
+ Disco-verment. Ods.vare—'. [f. Discover
v. + -MENT: cf. OF. descouvrement mod.F. dé-
couvrement, Sp. descubrimiénto.] = DIscovEry.
1600 Farrrax 7asso xv. xxxix. 274 time. .prefixt for
this discouerment.
Disco-vert, a.and sd. [a. OF .descovert, -couvert,
pa. pple. of descouvrir (also used subst.), mod.F.
découvert = med.L. % piokaae. a pple. of dis-
cooperire to DISCOVER.] ij
+1. Uncovered, exposed, unprotected. Ods.
¢ 1380 Sir Ferumb, 738 As he huld is scheld vp so, dis-
couert was al ys side. 1491 Caxton Vitas Patr.(W.de W.
1495) I. xlviii. 94/2 Seenge the caue broh dy
a1geo Chaucer's Dreme 6 Flora..with hire mantel hole
coverte That winter made had discoverte. 1525 Lp. Berners
Froiss. 11. clvii. (cliii.] 429 The quenes lytter was richely
ay lled and discouert.
. Law. Of an unmarried woman or a widow:
Not covert, not under the cover, authority, or pro-
tection of a husband ; cf. COVERT a. 4.
1729 G. Jacon Law Dict. (1736), Discovert is used in the law
for a woman unmarried or widow, one not within the bands
of matrimony. 1883 Law Ref. 23 Ch. Div. 715 The wife’s.,
interest cannot come into existence until she is discovert.
1886 Law Times LXXXI1. 171/2 The married lady had not
disposed of the income when discovert.
+ B. sb. An uncovered or exposed state. Jz or
at discovert, in an uncovered condition ; off one’s
guard. [OF. @ descovert.| Obs.
[1292 Britton m1. xv. § 3 En presence de bones gentz tut
a descovert.] 13.. A. Adis. (Laud MS.) 7407 (W. 7418) Ac
Alisaunder was sone hym by And smoot hym in be discouerte
Wip strooke al to pe herte. c1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7.
P 640 Pe deueles a at hym at discouert by temp-
tacion on euery syde. ¢ 1450 Merlin 331 Nascien ., smote
the kynge Rion so harde at discouert vpon the lifte side
that dag ie to the erthe. 1590 T. Lopce Euphues’
Gold. Leg. in Halliw. Shaks, V1. 15 Love..taking at
discovert stroke her so deepe, as she felt herselfe growin;
passing sionate. axzsgz Greene Ardasto viii, Cupid
. seeing her now at discovert, drew home to the head.
Discoverture (disksvautii). Zaw. [f. Drs-
COVERT a. 2 after coverture. Cf. OF. descouverture
discovery (15th c. in Godef.).] The state or con-
dition of being discovert, or not under coverture :
cf. COVERTURE 9.
1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) 111. soz Within ten years next
after his and their full age, discoverture, coming of sound
mind..or coming into this realm, Ce Riceerdid ny Rep.
= 157/x During..the minority and ure of any
e ie.
Discovery (diskv'vari). Also 6-7 -rie. [f.
Discover v., app. after the analogy of recover,
recovery. But the latter represents OF. recovrée,
rvecuvrée, recouvrée, Romanic n. of action from pa.
pple. feminine, L. type vecuperata. The corresp.
sb. from descovrir, viz. descoverte, mod.F .découverte,
It. discoperta, L. type *discooperta, was not taken in
English in this sense: in early times discovering 7
was used ; subsequently we find discoverance, dis-
coverment ; discovery was established in the latter
half of the 16th c., and is frequent in Shakspere,
Cf. deliver-y, also battery, flattery, which associate
themselves with da/ter, fatter, though not actually
derived from these.
+1. The action o yar 9m or fact of becoming
uncovered ; opening (of a bud, etc.). Ods. ‘
1658 Sin T, Browne Gard. Cyrus iii, Seeds themselves in
their rudimentall discoveries, appear in foli
2. The action of disclosing or divulging (any-
thing secret or unknown); revelation, disclosure,
setting forth, explanation. Now rave. 3
1586 A. Day Lng. Secretary u. (1625) 101 In the discovery
whereof my tainds ia..t0 iver what is my owne opinion.
1601 Ho1tann Péiiny 1. 219 How significant is their dis-
couerie of the beast ynto hunter. 1614 [see Discover
3c). 1662 J. Davies tr. Olearius’ Voy. Ambass. 285 Cer-
tain Dutch Merchants, cloath'd in Persian habi ., they
made no discovery of themselves. Daven Kind Keeper
u. i, Come, make a free discovery which of em your Seer
isto Charm. 1737 Col. Rec. Pennsylv, 1V. 276 Resolved...
J make a re — affair. by BLACKSTONE
te i
pp aenet pa o of death to. ea full discovery of ali
his estate and effe as well in ex as Pp i
1828 Scorr /. MM, Perth xxv, She Prould thee meet him,
determined to make a full discovery of her ts.
b. Law. Disclosure by a to an action, at
the instance of the prada of or documents
necessary to maintain his own title.
1715 Act 2 Geo, / in Lond. Gas. (i736) No. 5455/2 The
Person suing..shall be entitled. .to a very of
all Incumbrances .. any Lg affecting the same.
Biackstone Conrme. 11. 437 From the .. compulsive
discovery upon oath, the courts of equity have acquired
DISCOVERY.
‘a jurisdiction over almost all matters of fraud. 1848 Wuar-
von Law Lex. s.v., A bill of discovery, emphatically so
called, is a bill for the discovery of facts resting in the
knowledge of the defendant, or of deeds, or writings, or
other things, in his custody or power. 1863 H. Cox /stit.
u. iy. 405 In the superior courts of common law .. either
y to a cause has a right .. to obtain discovery of docu-
ments in his opponent’s cn relating to the matter
in dispute. Law Times 20 Oct. 411/1, I obtained
discovery, and the result was that an authority, signed by
the defendant, who had forgotten all about it, was disclosed.
+e. The action of displaying or manifesting (any
qeity, ; manifestation. Ods.
ont LEMING Panofl. Epist. 57 That they .. should not
ly in the discoverie of their skill make him glorious, but
themselves also. 1692 Drypen St. Euremont’s Ess. 42 It
was then the Romans..made a discovery of their, Mag-
nificence. 1759 Jounson Rasseas xvi, His companions ..
could make no discovery of their ignorance or surprise.
d. The unravelling or unfolding of the plot of a
play, poem, etc.
1727-51 Campers Cycl., Discovery, in dramatic poetry,
a manner of unravelling a plot, or fable..wherein, by some
unforeseen accident, a discovery is made of the name,
fortune, quality, and other circumstances, of a principal
‘son, which were before unknown, 1870 L’Estrancr
Viiss Mitford 1. iv. 108 The dénouement of ‘ Marmion’
and that of ‘The Lay of the Last Minstrel’ both turn on
the same discovery. 5
3. The finding out or bringing to light of that
which was previously unknown; making known:
also with @ and £/,, an instance of this.
1553 in Hakluyt Vay. (1589) 265 The voyage intended for
the discouerie of Cathay and diuers other regions, dominions,
islands, and places unknown, 1601 SHaks. AZ/’s Weld i.
vi. 99 He will steale himselfe into a mans fauour, and for
a weeke escape a great deale of discoueries, but when you
finde him out, you haue him euer after. 1653 H. Cocan tr.
Pinto's Trav. xx. 71 Attired after the Chinese fashion, for
fear of discovery. 1676 Ray Cor. (1848) 126 Those dis-
coveries and new inventions are not granted even to such
men..unless [etc.]. 1748 Axson’s Voy. 1.x. 232 The dis-
corey of new countries and of new branches of commerce.
1794 ALEY Evid. 11. ii. (1817) 67 Morality..does not admit
of discovery, properly so called. 1846 LANDor /mag. Con.
II. x Shew me..a discoverer who has not suffered for
his discovery. .whethera Columbus ora Galileo, 1846 Grorr
Greece 1, xviii. (1862) II. 458 The voyage was one of dis-
covery, 1894 Whitaker's 4 Zmanac 594/2 Ferrier’s discovery
of cerebral localization.
+b. Exploration, investigation, reconnoitring,
reconnaissance. Ods.
1605 Suaks. Lear v. i. 53 The Enemys in view .. Heere
is the guesse of their true strength and Forces, By dilligent
discouerie. 1669 N. Morton New Eng. Mem, 17 About
thirty of them went out on this second Discovery .. but
upon the more exact discovery thereof, they found it to be
no Harbour for Ships, but onely for Boats. 1719 De For
Crusoe (1840) I. vi. 115 I had a great desire to make a more
perfect discovery of the island. 1774 Gotpsm. Grecian
Hist, U1, 275 He was therefore commanded to make some
further discoveries.
+e. The getting a view (of anything); descrying,
viewing ; view. Oés.
1613 Purcnas Pilgrimage vil. xi. 592 In the first place
resents it selfe to our Discoverie that Sea. 1616 Suri. &
ARKH. Country Farme, ‘The hills, which are commonly
called the views or discoveries of parkes. 1650 FULLER
Pisgah u, v. ii. 144 He could not at that distance have
taken a discovery of them.
d. U.S, Mining. ‘The first finding of the mineral
yr ing in place upon a mining claim’ (Raymond).
tz BRACKENRIDGE Views Louisiana (1814) 147 What is
called a discovery, by those engaged in working the mines,
is, when any one happens upon an extensive y of ore.
188r Raymonp Mining Gloss. s.v., A discovery is necessary
before the location can be held by a valid title. The open-
ing in which it is made is called discovery-shaft, discovery-
tunnel, etc. ‘ es: A
+4. Information, indication, or evidence that
brings anything to light. Ods.
1648 Cromwett Lez. 17 June in Carlyle, We have plain
discoveries that Sir Trevor Williams. .was very deep in the
plot of betraying Chepstow. 1699 Bentiry Phal. 356 By
this we may have some Discovery of Nossis’s Age. 1705
Stannore Paraphr. 1. 273 Marks which were thought
sufficient Discoveries of their being dictated by the same
Spirit.
5. That wherein the discovery consists; the
matter or thing which is discovered, found out,
revealed, or brought to light. (In quot. 1657,
property discovered to be held without title.)
1632 Marmion /Yollana’s Leaguer v. v, Vl open but one
leaf..And you shall see the whole discovery. 1657 Burton's
Diary (1828) I1. 102 A Bill for settling of Worcester House
+.upon Margaret, Countess of Worcester .. and some dis-
coveries in lieu of the arrears of her fifths. a@ 1682 Sir T,
Browne Tracts (1684) 210 The Friers .. brought back into
Eu the discovery of Silk and Silk Worms. 1780 Cowrer
~Table-t. 752 ‘Then spread the rich discovery, and invite
Mankind to share in the divine delight. 1837 Penny Cyc?
eae No indication that the mariner’s compass was a
recent uscovery.
6. attrib.and Comb. Discovery-claim (A/ining),
the portion of mining-ground to which the disco-
verer of a mineral deposit has a claim; the extra
‘claim’ to which a discoverer is entitled: see 3d.
1779 Suerwan Critic m. i, One of the finest discovery-
scenes Lever saw. 1820 Scoressy Acc. Arctic Reg. 11. 99
One or two discovery vessels were generally attached to
_every whale-fishing expedition sent out. 1 F, D. Ben-
nett Whaling Voy. 1. 44 The British discovery-sloop
Swallow. did. 228 To enforce the restitution of property
stolen from the discovery-ships, :
Vou, III,
freende.
433
+ Discra‘dle, 7. Os. rare. [f. Dis- 7¢ +
CRADLE 5b.) ¢rans. To turn out ofa cradle. 7vt.
for vefl.) To emerge from the cradle.
1634 Vorp 2. IVarbeck 1. iii, We know all, Clifford, fully
since this meteor, This airy apparition first discradled From
‘Tournay into Portugal.
Discrase, -crasite, etc. : see DYSCRASE, etc.
Discreace, -crease, obs. var. DECREASE. .
Discreate (diskr7\zt), v. [f. Dis-6 + Create
v.] trans. To uncreate, annihilate, reduce to no-
thing or to chaos (anything created).
1570 Dee Math. Pref. 4 Vhere and then, that particular
thyng shalbe Discreated. r59r Syivrster Du Bartas 1. ii.
318 Both vyniting .. appeas'd the brall, Which doubtless
else had discreated all. ¢ 1845 CLoucu Early Poenis, Eri
Adtpw 40 Self-created, discreated, Recreated, ever fresh,
Ever young! 1870 Swinpurne Ode Proclam. Fr. Rep.,
‘Thou hast set thine hand to unmake and discreate.
Hence Discrea'ted ///. a.; also Discrea‘tion,
the action of uncreating ; the undoing of creation.
3627-77 FettHam Resolves u. Ixxvii. 324 The latter is
a double Creation, or at least a Dis-creation, and Creation
too, @1628 F. Grevitte Sidney x. (1652) 130 The dark
Prince, that sole author of dis-creation and disorder. 1879
G. Macvonatp Siv Gibdie IIL. vii. 108 The strange, eerie,
silent waste, crowded with the chaos of dis-created homes.
Discredence (diskridéns). rare. [f. Dis- 9
+ CREDENCE; cf. OF, d7s-, descredence distrust.]
+1. Discredit, ill repute. Ods.
1591 7roub. Raigne K. Fohn (1611) 53 We all are vndone,
And brought to discredence.
2. Disbelief.
1626 W. SciratTer xf. 2 Thess. (1629) 171 Discredence of
such truths doth not preiudice any in his saluation. 1813
‘T. Bussy Lucretius 11, Comm. xxxvi, A total discredence
of the soul's mortality. 1849 7adt’s Mag. XVI. 753 The
denial would imply discredence of the faith.
+ Discre‘dible, a. Ols. [f. D1s- 10 + Crept-
BLE.]
1. Not to be believed, unworthy of belief.
1580 Lupton Sivgila 139 Giving men warning .. not to
deale with such a discredible person.
2. Reflecting discredit; discreditable.
1594 Death of Usurie 39 The discredible account hath
beene made of Vsurers in most ages. 1652 UrQuHart
Fewel Wks. (1834) 179 [They] have in the mindes of
forraigners engraven a discredible opinion of that nation.
Discredit (diskre-dit), sd. [f. Dis- 9 + Crepit
sd., after Discrepit v.; cf. Sp. descredito (Minsheu
1599), It. discredito, F, discrédit (1719 in Littré).]
1. Loss or want of credit ; impaired reputation ;
disrepute, reproach ; an instance of this.
1565 Act 8 Eliz. c.7. § 1 The Slander and Discredit of the
said Commodities in Foreign Parts, where..they are grown
out of Estimation and Credit. 1576 FLeminc Panofd,
Efpist. 290 Penning infamous libels to the discredit of his
159t GreENeE Disc. Coosnage (1592) 9 Either
driuen to run away, or to liue in discredite for euer. 1605,
Bacon Adv. Learn, 1. i. § 1. 3 Learning..I thinke good to
deliuer .. from the discredites and disgraces which it hath
receiued. 1749 Fietpinc 70 Fones, Both religion and
virtue have received more real discredit from hypocrites,
than .. infidels could ever cast upon them. 179 Boswe.t
Johnson Advt., A failure would have been to my discredit.
I cE htetred Plato (ed. 2) I. 342 Such conduct brings dis-
credit on the name of Athens.
2. Loss or want of belief or confidence; dis-
belief, distrust.
1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. x1. (1739) 63 The Saxons
were utter enemies to Perjury; they punished it with
eternal discredit of testimony. 1863 Gro. Exior Rosmola
1. xxxix, ‘There were obvious facts that at once threw
discredit on the printed document. 1868 Morn, Star
25 Feb., The answers..had the effect of throwing discredit
upon his previous evidence. :
b. Comm. Loss or want of commercial credit.
1740 W. Douctass Discourse 30 Insensibility of Discredit,
does naturally. follow long Credit. 1779 FRANKLIN Lett.
Wks. (2889) VI. 355 Any measure attending the discredit of
the bills. 186r Goscuen For. Exch. 105 The influence
of credit or discredit will not be forgotten. 1885 Pa/Z
Mall G, 13 Apr. 5/1 The course of the discount market de-
pends upon credit or discredit, as the case may be.
Discredit (diskredit), v. [f. Dis- 6+ Crepir
v.: prob. after F. dserédit-er (16th c. in Littré),
or It. déscreditare.]
1. ¢rans. To refuse to credit, give no credit to;
to disbelieve.
1559 Br. Scor in Strype Anz. Ref I. App. vii. 17 If they
returne to the truthe agayne, their testimonies in the truthe
be not to be discredetid. 72656 Bramuatt Reflic. ii. 100
To discredit any one of these lesser truths .. is as much as
to deny the truth of God. x8r5 W. H. Iretanp Scribdleo-
mania 201 A statement which there is no reason to dis-
credit. 187r Atapaster Wheel of Law 251, 1 see no
particular reason to discredit the Ceylonese tradition,
2. To show to be unworthy of belief; to take
away the credibility of; to destroy confidence in.
1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. 1. viii. 19 Now let these
dogges deny [it]..or let them discredit the historie. 1570-6
Lamparve Peramb, Kent (1826) 69 If he shall seeke to
discredit the whole worke. ?1656 BRAMHALL Ref/ic. v.
206, I spake. .this..to discredit that su ititious treatise.
*703 Maunprete Yourn. Ferus. (1721 2 The behaviour
of the Rabble without very much discredited the Miracle.
1866 J. Martineau £ss, I, 161 The idea is. discredited by
modern science, . 7 >
3. To injure the credit or reputation of; to bring
into discredit, disrepute, or loss of esteem.
1579 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 60 Doist thou not
DISCREET.
verelye suppose I shalbe utterlye discredditid and quite
disgracid for ever? 1579 Lyty Huphues (Arb.) 191 He
obscureth the parents he came off, and discrediteth his
owne estate. 1659 B. Harris Parival’s Iron Age 63 Many
retired themselves from this Party, which for a time was
much discredited. 1769 Ropertson Chas. I’, V.v. 400 In
order to recover the reputation of his arms, discredited by
so many losses, 1868 FreeMAN Norm, Cong. (1876) 11.
App. 636 Henry is said to have been discredited for the
death of Thomas.
+b. To injure the commercial credit of. Ods.
1622 [see DiscrepITED]. 1732 Dr For Eng. Tradesman
ii, 25 The clothier is discourag’d, and for want of his money
discredited.
Hence Discre‘diting v/. sb. and ff/. a.
157% St. Trials, Duke Norfolk (R.), It is not for my Lord
of Norfolk to stand so much upon the discrediting the
witnesses. 1589 Cooper Adon. 21 Which they looke to
bring to passe, by the discrediting of the Bishops. 1770
J. Crusse Physiognomy 73 Any discrediting circum.
stances. 1892 A thenvum 6 Feb. 173/1 The utter and final
discrediting of the Government,
Discreditable (diskre‘ditab'l), a. [f. Dis- 10
+ CREDITABLE: after DiscrEpi? 56. and v.] The
reverse of CREDITABLE; such as to bring discredit ;
injurious to reputation; disreputable, disgraceful.
1640 R. Baitiim Lett, & Frids. (1841) I. 250 Eishu [eschew]
that discreditable stroke. 1738 Warsurton Div. Legat.
ut. iv, Wks, 1811 IIL, 132 He contends .. for God’s having
a human form: No discreditable notion, at that time in
the Church, 1776 Apam Sautn IV, Nw 1. v. (1869) I. 46
‘They would be precluded..from this discreditable method.
1849 Macautay “ist. Eng. 11.151 Employing in self-defence
artifices as discreditable as those which had been used
against him, 1856 Froupr Hist, Eng. (1858) I. iv. 290 A
discreditable effort to fasten upon him a charge of high
treason,
Hence Discreditabi‘lity, the quality of being
discreditable, disreputableness ; Discre‘ditably
adv., in a discreditable manner, disreputably.
1837-9 Hatta “Hist, Lit. vi. u. § 32 Many names, which
might have ranked not discreditably by the side of these
tragedians, 1888 A, J. Batrour in Daily News 17 May
6/3 ‘The meanness and the discreditability of such a pro-
ceeding. 389% Law Times XCI. 1/2 Work in both Chancery
and Divorce is discreditably in arrear.
Discre‘dited, //. a. [f. Discrepir v. +
-ED.] Brought into discredit or disrepute ; that has
lost credit.
161r Cotcr., Deshonoré, dishonoured, discredited, dis-
graced, 1622 Matynes Anc. Law-Merch. 113 1f the Factor
do sell another mans commoditie to a man discredited...
and it falleth out that this man breaketh [etc.]. 1674 Boyir
Excell. Theol. 11. v. 203 Obsolete errours are sometimes re
vived as well as discredited Truths. 1790 Burke /7. Rev.
Wks. V. 88 The discredited paper securities of impoverished
fraud. 1887 Spectator 29 Oct. 1456 Natural theology, he
says, has become a discredited science.
+Discre‘ditor. Ols. rave. [f. Discrepir v.
+-OR: cf. creditor.] One who discredits or destroys
confidence in anything.
1654 W. Mountacue Devout Ess. 1. iii. § 3 (R.) This
course, which the wise man reproaches in the licencious
discreditors of future accounts.
Discreet (diskrit), a. (adv. and sd.). Forms:
4-6 discret, 4-7 discrete, 6-7 discreete, 5- dis-
ereet, (5 discrett, dyscrete, 5-6 Sv. discreit,
6 disscrete). [ME. déscret, discrete, a. F. discret,
-éfe (12th c. in Littré), ‘qui se conduit avec dis-
cernement ’, ad. L. discvétus, in late L. and Rom.
sense: cf. It. and Sp. dzscreto ‘ discreet, wise, wary,
considerate, circumspect’ (Florio), ‘discreet, wise
to perceiue’ (Minshen). A doublet of DiscrevTr,
differentiated in sense and spelling.
In cl. Lat., d/scvét-us had only the sense ‘separate, dis-
tinct’, as pa, pple. of discernéve, whence the corresponding
mod. F. sense of discret, and Eng. Discrete. ‘The late L.
sense, which alone came down in popular use in Romanic,
seems to have been deduced from the cognate sb, discré-
1/éx-em, originally the action of separating, distinguishing,
or discerning, and then the faculty of discernment ; hence
the adjective may have taken the sense ‘ possessed of dis-
cernment’.
In Eng., discrete was the prevalent spelling in all senses
until late in the 16th c., when on the analogy of native or
early-adopted words in ee from ME. close 2, as feet, sweet,
heed), the spelling dzscreet (occasional from 1400) became
established in the popular sense, leaving discrete for the
scholastic and technical sense in which the kinship to L.
discrétus is more obvious : see Discrete. Shakspere (1st
Folio) has always discreet.)
A. adj.
1. Showing discernment or judgement in the
guidance of one’s own speech and action ; judicious,
prudent, circumspect, cautious ; often es. that can
be silent when speech would be inconvenient. a.
Of persons.
1340 [implied in DiscrertLy]. ¢1386 Cuaucer Doctors 7.
48 (Ellesm.) Discreet she was in answeryng alway [so
Heng.; Harl. & Corp. discret, 3 MSS. discrete]. 1388
Wycutr Zcclus, xxxi. 19 Vse thou as a discreet and temperat
man these thingis. c1440 Gesta Rom. i. 4 The clerke..
is a discrete confessour. 1500-20 Dunbar Poems |xxxii, 66
Gar 30ur merchandis be discreit, ‘That na extortiounes be.
I Tinpate Titus ii. 5 ‘lo be discrete [so Cranmer &
eneva ; 161% discreet], chast, huswyfly. 1569 J. RoGrrs
Gi, Godly Love 180 A wife ought to be discret. 1579 Lyiy
Euphues (Arb,) 145 To be silent and discreete in companye
++ 1s most requisite fora young man. _1§98 Fiorio, Dis-
creto, discreet. 1644 Mitton Fdem. Bucer (1851) 332 We
must ever beware, lest .. we make our selvs wiser and!
55°
a
DISCREETFULLY.
discreeter then God, 1660 F. Brooxe tr. Le Blanc’s Trav.
251 His wife being very reserv'd and discreet in her hus-
bands presence, but in his absence more free and jolly.
1733 Pork Hor, Sat. 1. i. 69 Satire’s my weapon, but I’m
too discreet To run a muck, and tilt at all 1 meet. 1832
W. Irvine Adhambra IL. 111 You are a discreet man,
and I make no doubt can keep a secret: but you have
a wife. 1839 THirtwatt Greece VI. 33 A well-meaning
and zea cer, not very discreet or scrupulous,
b. Of speech, action, and the like.
¢ 1374 Cuaucer 7roylus m1. ) So wyrcheth now in
so pone a wyse, That I Rane 7 ting he ples-
aunce. 1393 Lanct, P. Pl. C. vi. 84 Preyers of a parfyt
man and penaunce discret. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 217/1
She aroos up with a glad visage a dyscrete tongue and |
wel spekyng. 1533 Exyor Cast. Helthe u. xix. (1539) 346
There is neyther meate nor drynke, in the use wherct onsht
to be a more discrete moderation, than in wyne. 1601
Swaxs. Twel. N.1v. iii. 19 A smooth, discreet, and stable
bearing. 1608 Br. Hatt Char. Virtues & V.47 Not by
peg? f but by diserget secrecie. 1667 Mitton }. L, vil.
550 What she wills to do or say Seems wisest, virtuousest,
discreetest, best. 1791 Cowrer //iad xii. 562 At length
as his discreeter course, he chose ‘To seek AZneas. 1883
Wuts Mod. Persia 48 We maintained a discreet silence.
2. In Sc. ‘applied more to behaviour towards
others; hence, well-spoken, well-behaved, civil,
polite, courteous; ‘not rude, not doing anything
inconsistent with delicacy towards a female’ (Jam.).
(1727-46 THomson Summer 1370 Dear youth !.. By fortune
too much favoured, but by love, Alas! not favoured less,
be still as now Discreet.) 1782 Sir J. Stnccarr Odserv.
Scot. Dial. 100 (Jam.) He is a very discreet (civil) man, it
is true, but his brother has more discretion (civility). 1812
A. Futter Let. in Life C. Anderson vii. (1854) 198 You are
what your countrymen call ‘a discreet man’. 18.. Black.
Mag. (O.), I canna say I think it vera discreet o’ you to |
keep pushing in before me in that way. 1860 Ramsay
Remin, Ser. 1. (ed. 7) 105 Discreet .. civil, kind, attentive.
+3. Kare 16th c. spelling of Discrete, q.v.
+ B. as adv. =DiscrEetLy. Obs.
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary u. (1625) 101 Best advised,
discreetest governed, and worthiest.
+ C. sb. A discreet person; a sage counsellor; |
a confidential adviser : applied to ecclesiastics ; cf.
Discretion 8. Ods.
1528 Roy Rede me (Arb.) 90 Wardens, discretes, and
ministers, And wother offices of prelacy. 1533 More A/fo/.
xxii, Wks. 882/2 A great some remaining after al the
spiritual folke sufficiently prouided for, then had it bene
good that he hadde yet farther deuysed, how it would
please him that his discretes should order the remanaunt.
+ Discree'tfully, adv. Os. =next.
1737 L. Crarkxe Hist, Bible (1740) 1, vi. 279 Hushai
answered him discreetfully enough.
Discreetly (diskritli), a/v. [f. DiscrEET +
-Ly 4.) In a discreet manner; with discretion ;
prudently ; with self-regarding prudence.
c1340 Hampote Prose 77. 25 Wysely and discretely thei
departed hir levynge intwo. cr Wycur Sel. Wks. U1.
170 Crist askes two binges of pin almes, pat pou do it in
hys name, and also discretly. 1494 Fanyan Chrou, 1. vi. 12
auynge possession of the Scere, Wele and discretly she
ruled it. x Tinpace Mark xii. 34 lesus sawe that he
answered discretly. 1596 SHAKs. 7am, Shr.1.i. 247 Vse
our manners discreetly in all kinds of companies. 1654
VELYN A’ad. Hort. (1729) 201 Flowers of that class should be
discreetly prun’d, where they mat too thick. 1775 Jounson
Tax. no Tyr. 79, 1 could wish it more discreetly uttered.
1871 Mortry Leutaire (1886) 7 He never counted truth a
treasure to be discreetly hidden in a napkin. 1891 E. Pea-
cock NV. Brendon 1. 32 Ellen remained discreetly silent.
Discreetness (diskr7inés). [f. as prec. +
= The quality of being discreet ; discretion.
1530 Patsur, 214/1 Discretenesse, discretion. 1647 H.
More Song of Soul ui. iii. 11. lviii. (R.) Patience, discreet-
nesse, and benignitie .. These be the lovely play-mates of
pure veritie. 1863 Kinctake Crimea II. 150 They had
relied upon the mature judgment and the supposed dis-
creetness of Lord Raglan, 1865 Lewes in Fortn. Rev. 11.
699 We detect. .the sensitive discreetness of the style.
+Discreeve, v. Obs. rare.
DescrIvE, in its erroneous use (| 4) for descry,
and so = To disclose, discover,
a1765 Ballad, ‘ Sir Cawline’ iii. in Child Ballads (1885)
ut. No, 61. 58/1 Nothing durst hee say To discreeue his
councell to noe man, — ‘Chxistopher White’ ii. Ibid. w.
No. 108. 439/r Loth I was her councell to discreene [?-eeue]).
Discre ce (di‘skr/pans, diskre‘pains). [a.
OF. discrepance (Godef.), ad, L. discrepantia dis-
cordance, dissimilarity, f, déscrepare not to har-
monize, to differ: see DiscrEPant.]
1, The fact of being discrepant ; want of agree-
ment or harmony; disagreement, difference.
614as Wyntoun Cron, 1. x. 45, I fynd sic discrepance
That I am noucht of sufficiance For to gare bame all
accorde. 1460 Capcrave Chron. 54 There was no discre-
pauns in sentens, ne variauns in wordes, 1563-87 Foxe
A. & M. (1596) 3/ We.. will search out what discrepance
is between them. 1640 R. Baiwurr Canterd. Selfconvict.
Postscr. 14 Betwixt us and our Prince there is no discre-
pance. 1804 Ldin. Rev. V. 66 The only instance of dis-
crepance we have remarked. 1881 Nature XXIV. 387
authors are unable to discover the cause of this dis-
crepance. |
+2. Distinction, difference. Ods.
_ 1531 Exyor Gov. n, iii, Ther hath bene ever a discrepance
in vesture of youthe and age. ar Latimer Serm. &
Rem, (1845) 2y There is a great discrepance between
certain knowledge and clear knowledge. 1§72 Bossewett
Armorie 10 Almightie God ..euen in the heavens hathe
ae a a “ Bar aus
P is Spirites, giuinge them
seuerall names, as Ensignes of honour, ¢16rr CHAPMAN
App. a form of |
43.4.
ns x1. 442 The discrepance He made in death betwixt
the hosts,
+3. Variation, change (of action). Obs. rare.
c1g60 A, Scorr Poems (E.E.T.S.) 35 Continewance in
Cupeidis dance, Bot di: , wit!
Dise: (diskrepansi, di'skrépansi). [f.
as prec. +-ANncY.} The quality of being discrepant ;
want of agreement ; variance, difference, disagree-
ment.
By Cocxeram, Discrepancie, di: ing, difference.
1625 Br. Mountracu Aff. Caesar 147 There is.. discrep-
ancie of opinion among Divines both old and new. 1748
J. Genves Composition of Antients 13 Who again is not
offended with discrepancy and discord? 1837 WHEwELL
Hist. Induct, Sc. (1857) 11. 186 Their discrepancy as to
quantity was considerable. 1868 Freeman Norm, Cong.
(1876) II. App. 617 There is little or no discrepancy as to
the facts. ;
b. with a and f/. An instance of this; a differ-
ence, an inconsistency.
1627-77 Fe.tHam Resolves u. xlvii. (R.) It would be
evinced from these two seeming discrepancies. 1794 PALEY
Evid. 1. ix. § 6. (1817)249 Eusebius .. wrote expressly upon
the discrepancies observable in the Gospels. 1855 H. Sren-
cer Princ, Psychol. (1872) 1. 1. ii. 410 Discrepancies between
thoughts and facts. 187§ Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) 1V. 515
Some discrepancies may be observed between the mythology
of the Politicus and the Timaeus. (
Discrepant (di'skr/pant, diskre-pant), a. and
sb. Also 6 discripant, discrepante. es Lk.
discrepant-em, pr. pple. of discrepare to differ, lit.
to sound discordantly, f. Dis- 1 + crepdre to make
a noise, creak.] A. adj.
1. Exhibiting difference, dissimilarity or want of
h ny; diffe discord inharmoni in- |
armony; different, discordant, inharmonious, in- | Noliaun” Thel xii.ts
consistent. Const. from, + to.
1524 St. Papers Hen. VIII, 1V. 100 It were ferre dis-
crepant from the Kinges honour to have the treaty of peax
with Scotland concluded .. by Lieutenauntes. 153% ELyor
Gov. 1.
beastes. c1gss Harrsrietp Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 236
This marriage ..was much more discrepant to the said
xxv, Wherin he is moste discrepant from brute |
livided 5
which doth not take his beginning from the first
Aries, 1634 Peacam hy pom mL
i
Aa
A. Barratt Phys. Metempiric 59 To hold to-
gether, keep discrete, A ultaneous shocumenn:
+B. spelt discreet, ;
1590 Spenser /. Q. 11. xii. 71 The waters fall with differ-
ence discreet, Now soft, now loud, unto the wind did call-
+b. Music. Applied to tones separated. by
fixed or obvious steps or intervals of pitch, as the
notes of a piano; also to a movement of the voice
from one pitch to another, as distinguished from a
concrete movement or slide, Cf. CoNCRETE 1 b.
1864 WessTeR cites Rusu,
ce. Pathol. Separate, not coalescent or confluent:
applied to stains, spots, or pustules, when scattered
separately from each other over a surface, as in
discrete small-pox (F. variole discrete),
-67 C. A. Harris Dict. Med. Terminol, 218, 1882
Carpenter in 19th Cent, Apr. 531 The discrete, ‘ distinct’,
or ‘benign’ form being by no means a severe di even
among the unvaccinat 1893 Daily News 4 Mar. 5/4
A woman .. whose children been removed for discrete
small-pox.
d. Logic. Individually distinct, but not different
in kind.
| 1837-8 Sir W. Hamitton Lagic xi. (1866) I. 209 In so far
as
mspecies are considered to be different but not con-
tradictory, they are properly called Discrete or Disjunct
‘1. 224 Notions co-ordinated in the
quantity or whole of extension. .are only relatively different
laws. 1 Cupwortu J/uted/. Syst. 478 The Vulgar The-
| ology of the Pagans .. was oftentimes very discrepant from |
the Natural and True Theology. ax Nortu Exam.
| oF Hawtn. Poems Wks. (1711)
ul. vii. § 49 (1740) 539 The King’s Notions and his were
very discrepant. 1846 Grote Greece 1. xviii, II. 11 A desire
..to blend together. .two discrepant legends. 1866 RoGers
Agric. & Prices \. xiii. 196 Since the price is so discrepant
from that in the neighbourhood of Oxford.
+2. Apart or separate in space. Ods. rare.
1592 R. D. Hypnerotomachia 49b The Tilastrelles were
discrepant fowre paces one from another. a 1649 Drumm.
13/t Further discrepant
than heaven and ground. 1818 ears Endym. Wi. 343
Sea-mew’s plaintive cry Plaining discrepant between sea
and sky.
+ B. sé. One who disagrees ; a dissentient. Ods.
1647 Jer. Tavtor Lid. ci i vii. 141 None could have
triumph'd so openly over all discrepants as this. /did. xvi.
216 If you persecute heretickes or discrepants, they unite
themselves as to a common defence,
Hence Diserepantly adv., with discrepancy; in |
contrary ways.
1603 Fiorio Montaigne in. ix. (1632) 562, I am. Dg
vowed .. to speake confusedly, to speak discrepantly,
cedar ore (diskr/peit), v. rare. [f. L. dis-
crepat-, ppl. stem of discrepare to differ : see prec.]
+1. intr. To differ, be discrepant. Ods. rare.
1623 in Cockeram [ frin‘ed Discrepitate]. 1657 Tomuin-
son Kenou's Disp, 331 Some make three varieties .. which
seem solely to discrepate in magnitude.
2. a. frans. To distinguish. b. zntr. To dis-
criminate or make a distinction.
1846 L. Hunt Stories /tal. Poets in Lonel. Dest)
72 To discrepate Samson from Hercules, 1894 G. R.
{atner Two great Scotsmen 2 It would be akin to sacri-
lege for us to discrepate between the two brothers.
iscrepation (diskr/pé'fon). rare. [n. of
action f, prec.) ‘ta. Difference. Os. b. Dis-
crimination.
1616 R. C. Times’ Whistle, etc. (a us Twixt his first
coming and his latter one ‘There will found much dis-
crepation. 1847 L. Hunt Men, Women, & B. 11.
Pope's own discrepation of i lity from debauch
iscrese, -cresse, obs. var. DECREASE.
Discrested: see Dis- 7 a.
Discrete (diskrit), a. (sb.) Also 6 discreet,
[ad. L. discrét-us ‘separate, distinct’, pa. pple. of
discernére to separate, divide, Discern: cf. later
sense of F, discret, discrdte ‘ divided, separate’.
In the sense of cl. L. discrétus, discrete was used by
Trevisa (translating from L.), but app. was not in —
use till late in 16th c, But in another sense, ‘ discern-
ing, prudent’ (derived through French), diseret, discrete
was well-known in popular use from the 14th c.; this, even
in late ME., was occasionally spelt discreet, which spelling
was appropriated to it about the time that discre¢e in the
L, sense began to be common ; so that thenceforth discrete
and discreet were differentiated in spelling as well as in
meaning: see Discreet. Before this, while discrete was the
prevalent form for the later discreet, it is only rarely (see
I — that discreet appears for the present discrete.
. adj.
1, Separate, detached from others, individually
distinct. Opposed to continuous.
1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. xix. cxvi. (1495) 919 One
is the begynnynge of alle thynges that is contynual and
d e, 1§70 Der Math. Pref. 13 Of distinct and discrete
nits, 1594 Biunpevit Zrerc, ul. 1, xxxi. (ed. 7) 339 Of
4
(or diverse); and in logical language are properly called
Disjunct or Discrete Netlaus, 1864 Bowen Logic iv. 66,
e. Discrete degrees: applied by Swedenborg to
the various degrees or levels of spiritual existence,
conceived as so distinct and separate from each
other, as to render it impossible for any subject to
pass out of that one for which he is constituted.
1788 tr. Swedenborg's Wisd. Angels ut. § 236 In every
Man from his Birth there are three Altitude, or
discrete Degrees, one above or within another.
Grinvon Life (1863) 319 Where things are differentiated
a discrete degree, the commencement of the new one is..
on a distinct and higher level. ; <
2. Consisting of distinct or individual parts; dis-
continuous. pee
Discrete quantity, quantity composed distinct units,
as the rational bers ; ber, Distinguished from con-
tinuous quantity = magnitude,
1570 BituincsLey Euclid u. i. 62 Two contrary kynds of
quantity, quantity discrete or number, and quantity con-
tinual or magnitude. 1687 H. More Answ. Psychop. (1689)
123 Inseperability, continued Amplitude, belongs to Spirits
as well as discrete Quantity. 1 Reiw /nt. Powers ut.
iii. 311 Duration an ion are not di e, but con-
tinued quantity. | /éid. 342 Number is called discrete quan-
tity, b it is pounded of units, -9 HaLtam
Hist. Lit, 1. viii. u. 322 note, They were ing
| continuous or geometrical, not merely with discrete or
| arithmetical qreney.
| discrete, 1893
1876 H. Srencer Princ. Sociol.
1877) 1. 475 The parts of an animal form a concrete whole;
t the parts of a society form a whole that is discrete.
1893 Forsyru 7. Functions 584 If there be no infinitesimal
substitution, then the group is said to be discontinuous, or
Harkness & Mortey 7h. Functions so
| To Hankel we owe the idea of a discrete mass of points.
b. Belonging to, pertaining to, or dealing with,
distinet or premcmte parts.
Discrete tion ISCONTINUED proportion,
1660 R. oon Justice Vind. 23 All Geometrical rl
tion is either discrete, or continued. Discrete is, when the
p ergga vationum ae — Ve ye ant ie 2. roa
t we) a 4. term. 1 ‘HILLIPS ersey), iscre.
isjunct Proportion. Dove Logic Chr, Faith 422
olen Protrtin May Do Ean Ca
+ 3. Gram. & Logic, Of conjunctions : adversative.
Of propositions: discretive. Applied also to the
two members of such a proposition, separated by
the adversative eomjenctins. OK fies
628 T. Spencer Logick 237 That jome iscrete,
that hath a discrete Coniuartion for the thereof.
Ibid, 239 The coniunction which tyes the parts together,
is calle discrete : and in this place hag Spats no heaps but
thing w eepes two asunder, present. a@
Mepr. 1 fost. latter Times i. Wks. 1672 ut, 623 The Works
.. of my Text (Nevertheless, the it, etc. x 7¥m. iv. 1
depend upon the last of the former Chapter, as the
rt of a Discrete proposition. 1654 Z. Coxr Logick
1657) 119 A discrete sentence, is, which hath a discrete
unction ; as, al‘hough, yet, notwithstanding, etc,
H. Mons Myst. [xig, Apol- pt (It will} run in this form
a Discrete Axiome, I will ve you walt on, sae
a meeting, though your cloaths be old or out of the
4. Metaph. Not concrete; detached from the
material, abstract. Sis
1854 Fraser's Mag. L. 343 The mental march from con-
crete or real notions to d or ab truths, 1862
ete a (a ee
sees objects, to pref to discrete ones.
B. sh. A separate part.
a ifford . XViii. Break it
hag of of fo Gatien se edly)
Discrete, early form of DISOREE?,
DISCRETE.
+ Discre‘te, 7. Ods. [f. L. discrét- ppl. stem
of discernére to separate: see Pisome.) trans.
To divide into discrete or distinct parts; to sepa-
rate distinctly, dissever.
Sr T. Browne Pseud. Ef. u. i, 55 The reason thereof
is its continuity, as..its body is left imporous and not dis-
creted by atomicall terminations. 1656 BLounr Glossogr.,
Discreted, severed, parted, discerned. 1857-8 Srars A than.
vii. 316 This essential dualism discretes for ever the two
worlds of spirit and matter.
Discret (diskr7tli), adv. rare. [f. DiscrETE
@.+-LY2.] Ina discrete manner ; separately.
1706 Puitirs (ed. Kersey), s.v. Discrete proportion, These
Numbers are proportional ; but ’tis only discretely [s7spr.
directly] or disjunctly. 1727-51 Cuambers Cyc/. s.v. Dis-
crete. ¥ Proctor Ess. Astron. xxvii. 338 The same
telescope shows the stars projected discretely on a perfectly
black background. ;
Discreteness (diskritnés). [f. as prec. +
-NESS.] The quality of being discrete: a. Dis-
continuity. b. The consisting of many individual
parts.
1862 H. Spencer First Princ. 1. ii. § 9 (1875) 29 When the
size, complexity, or discreteness of the object conceived be-
comes very great, only a small portion of its attributes can
be thought of at once. 1877 E. Cairp Philos. Kant u. xvii.
605 We bring together the two moments of unity and
diversity. .continuity and discreteness. 1893 P. S. Moxon
in Barrow World's Parl. Relig. 1. 467 The whole signifi-
cance of man’s existence lies ultimately in its discreteness
+-in the evolution and persistence of the self-conscious ego.
Discretion (diskrefan). Forms: 4-6 discre-
cion, 4- discretion; also 4 discrescioun, dys-
erecyun, -ioun, 4-5 discression(e, 4-6 -cre-
tioune, 5 dis-, dyscrecioun, -yone, -youn,
-crescion, -cressioun, -cretyown, 6 discrecyon,
-tione, -creation, dyscreccion, -cretion. [a.
OF. des- discrecion distinction, discernment (It.
discresione, Sp. discrecion) ad. L. discrétion-em
separation, distinction, and later, discernment, n.
of action from déscernére (ppl. stem adiscrét-) to
separate, divide, Discern.]
. [From ancient Latin sense of discrétio.]
1, The action of separating or distinguishing, or
condition of being distinguished or disjunct; sepa-
ration, disjunction, distinction.
This is perhaps the meaning in quot. 1340; otherwise this
sense is found only since end of 16th c. : cf. Discrete.
[ce 1340 Hamrote Prose Tr. 12 Thynkynge of heuen with
discrecyone of all mene dedes.] 1590 R. Bruce Serons,
Without discretion of His substance fra His graces. 1607
Toprsett Serpents (1658) 747 It is some question among the
learned, whether there be any discretion of sex. 1614
Jackson Creed 11. 197 The same rule..might..serue for
certaine discretion of true Prophets from false. 1677 GALE
Crt. Gentiles II. 1v. 82 Al the notions of Virtue or Sanctitie
..import Discretion, Separation, Singularitie, Preeminence.
1890 J. H. Stirvinc Gifford Lect. xviii. 351 Time and space
are a concrete, of which the one is the discretion and the
other the continuity. 1892 E. Cairp £ss. Lit. § Philos.
II. 522 Mind is a pure self-determined unity..which has no
discretion of parts or capacity of division or determination
from without. -
II. [In late Latin sense of déscrézzo.]
+ 2. The action of discerning or judging ; judge-
ment ; decision, discrimination. Oés. (exc. as pass-
ing into 4, or the phrases in 5.)
€1374 CuAucer Boeth, ut. pr. x. 93 Take now pus pe dis-
cressioun [Camd, MS. descression] of pis questioun, quod
she. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 283 Sumtyme a man mai
not 3eue a discrecioun of blood frourine. 1460 ForTEscuE
Abs. & Lim. Mon, xx, Considryng that they lak it bi the
discrecioun of pe kynges counseil. 1463 Bury Wills (Cam-
den) 16 By the discrecion of my executours. 1547-8 Ordre
of Communion 17 Twoo peces, at the least, or more by the
disc of the minister. 1568 Mary Q. Scors in Ellis
Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. U1. 253 Y refer all to your discretion.
Ve Wuirreneap 2, sores. (1845) I. viii. 90 She put it
to Myte’s discretion whether he would continue to harbour
a young knave. . ;
+3. The faculty of heresy discernment. Ods.
ste Lay Folks Catech, (Lamb. MS.) 620 Ofte pou hast
bro! : yaaa hestys A ee pou haddyst dyscrecioun of
g and euyl. pe ycLir 1 Cor. xii. 10 To another [is
3ouun] discrescioun, or verrey knowynge, of spiritis. x
Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 123b, The e.. called dis-
crecyon, or discernynge of spirytes is but in fewe persones.
1563 J. Davivson Confut. Kennedy in Wodr. Soc. Misc.
(1844) I. 253 Discretione betwix the rycht understanding
of thaim fra the wrang.. 165 Hosses Leviath. 1. viii. 33
Sa etion of times, places, and persons necessary to a
good Fancy. eS ;
4. Liberty or power of deciding, or of acting
according to one’s own judgement or as one thinks
fit; uncontrolled power of disposal.
1399 Kolls of Parlt, U1. 451/2 Mercy and grace of the
ng as it longes to hym .. in his owene discretion. 1432
Paston Lett, No. 18 I: 32 Where he shal have eny persone
in his discrecion suspect of mysgovernance. 1581 Petrie
Guaszo's Civ, Conv. 1. (1586) 153 Not to put himselfe to
the discretion of his servants, for the ordering of his house.
1693 Mem. Cut. Teckely 1. 73 If Transilvania were left to
the Discretion of the Turks [etc.]. 1724 Swirt Drafier's
Lett., Let. to Harding 4 Aug., He leaves it to our discre-
tion, 1780 Burke Econ. Reform Wks. ILL. 334 If a dis-
cretion, wholly arbitrary, can be exercised over the civil list
revenue. .the plan of reformation will still be left very im-
ct. x8x2-16 J. Smirn Panorama Sc. § Art 1. 386 This
practice. .leaves to the discretion of the workman the deter-
mination of the matter in which he is most apt to err.
31849 Macautay Hist. Eng. J. 185 As to the form of worship,
435
a large discretion was left to the clergy. 1874 Morey
Contpromise (1886) 182 We may all write what we please,
because it is in the discretion of the rest of the world whether
they will hearken or not.
b. Law. The power of a court of justice, or
person acting in a judicial capacity, to decide,
within the limits allowed by positive rules of law,
as to the punishment to be awarded or remedy to
be applied, or in civil causes how the costs shall
be borne, and generally to regulate matters of pro-
cedure and administration.
In English-speaking countries a criminal judge dealing
with offences not capital has generally a considerable dis-
cretion as to the punishment.
[1292 Britton 1. xvi. § 7 Et si autrefoix de mauvesté soint
atteyntz, adunc soit en la descrecioun des justices de juger
les a la mort, ou de fere couper le autre oraille.] 1467 Ordin.
Worcester in Eng. Gilds (1870) 379 Vppon the peyne of xxs.
or more, after the discression of the Bailey and Aldermen
of the seid cite. @1626 Bacon A/ax. & Uses Com. Law
(1636) 21 The judges may set a fine upon him at their
pleasure and discretions. 1890 Lp. Esurrin Law Times
Rep. LXIIL. 734/2 The judge .. should not treat it as a
matter within his discretion whether he will order the
witness to answer or not. 1891 Law Rep. Weekly Notes
72/2 ‘That the costs of references .. should be in the dis-
cretion of the arbitrators. 1892 Sir E, FE. Kay in Law
Times Rep. UXVIUL, 151/2 It is a matter of discretion
whether the judge should give that leave to defend, and
if he does, what terms he will inypose.
5. Phrases. a. Ad the discretion of, according
to the discernment or judgement of, according as
he) thinks fit or pleases; a¢ dtscretion, at one’s
own sense of fitness, mere good pleasure, or choice ;
as one thinks fit, chooses, or pleases. b. 70 szt-
render, yield, etc., at discretion, formerly to the
enemy's discretion, on, upon discretion, i.e. to be
disposed of as he thinks fit ; at his disposal, at his
mercy ; unconditionally.
1577 Hanmer Anc, Eccl, Hist, (1619) 389 Distribute them at
thy discretion among the poore. 1630 2. Fohnson's Kingd.
& Commw. 525 Their office is to place and displace Church-
men at discretion. 1700 S. L. tr. /ryke's Voy. E. Ind. 218
One Vessel of Beer .. free for any body to go to, and Drink
at Discretion. /ézd. 294 This I leave the Reader to believe
at Discretion. 1706 Pritutrs (ed. Kersey) s.v., To Live at
Discretion (a Military Phrase) to have free Quarters. 1724
De For Mem. Cavalier (1840) 189 We reckoned ourselves
in an enemy’s country, and had lived a little at large, or at
discretion, as it is called abroad. 1834 1. Jud. Sketch Bk.
II. 4 Admitting at discretion as much light and air as may
be agreeable. 1863 Fr. A. KemBte Resid. in Georgia 43
Power to inflict three dozen lashes at his own discretion.
1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. V1, 85 All the garrison yelded
them symply to his mercy and discrecion. 1628 Hospes
Thucyd. (1822) 110 Conceiving that they might have gotten
the city to discretion. 1632 Massincrr Mad of Hon. i. i.
(Rtldg.) 191/1 He. .exacts. .the goods and lives Of all within
the walls, and of all sexes, To be at his discretion. 1632
J. Havwarptr. Biond’’s Eromena 151 [This] gave occasion
to such as remained to yeeld themselves to the enemies dis-
cretion. 1659 B, Harris Parival’s [ron Age 224 General
Wranghel..took., Paderborn at discretion. 1684 Loud.Gas.
No. 1953/3 They write from Duseldorp. .that Buda was Sur-
rendred on discretion. 1691 Lurtrett Brief Rel. (1857) 11.
272 The garison surrendring upon discretion. 1702 Lond.
Gaz. No. 3830/2 All the Country. .will lie at our Discretion.
1732 Gentl. [nstr. 154 (D.) If she stays to receive the attack,
she is in danger of being at discretion. 1758 Jortin Evasm.
I. 592 Roterdam was some days at the discretion of these
rioters. 1878 Bosw. SmitH Carthage 83 The inhabitants
surrendered at discretion, but they had to undergo all the
horrors of a place taken by storm.
III. (Cf. Discrzer.]
6. Ability to discern or distinguish what is right,
befitting, or advisable, esp. as regards one’s own
conduct or action; the quality of being discreet ;
discernment ; prudence, sagacity, circumspection,
sound judgement.
1303 R. Brunne Handl, Synne 10162 Dyscrecyun a ry3t
wyt ys, On bobe partys ry3tly to ges. 1340 Ayend. 155 Hit
be-houeb hyealde riz3tuolnesse and discrecion. c 1477 Cax-
TON Fason 4b, Thou art not yet pourueyed of discrecion for
to gouerne thy Royaume. 1548 Hatt Chron, Hen. VI,
97b, Eche of them, shal as farfurth as their connynges
and discrecions suffisen, truly..advise the kyng. 1596
Suaxs. 1 Hen. JV, v. iv. 121 The better part of Valour is
Discretion. 1597-8 Bacon £ss,, Discourse (Arb.) 20 Dis-
cretion of Speech is more than Eloquence. 1682 GLANiIUS
Voy. Bengala 149 This King. .derided his discretion. 1720
Swirt Fates PY Clergymen, Discretion, a species of lower
prudence. 1796 Jane Austen Sense & Sens. (1849) 53 Do
you not now begin to doubt the discretion of your own
conduct? 1849 Ruskin Sev. Lamps iv. § 21. 110 That por-
tion of temper and discretion which are necessary to the
contemplation of beauty.
b. Age of, years of, discretion: the time of life
at which ‘a person is presumed to be capable of
exercising discretion or prudence; in Eng. Law
the age of fourteen.
1395 £. E. Wilis 5 lf Thomas here sone forsayd dyeth or
he haue age of discrecioun. 1447 Boxennam Seyntys( Roxb.)
47 Whan she to 3eris of dyscrescyon Was comyn aftyr ther
lawes guyse.. Wedded she was. 1545 Brinktow Comfi. v.
(1874) 18 The partyes neuer fauor the one the other after
thei come to discrecyon. 1574 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 23 a,
The age of discretion is saide the age of xiiii. yeares. tee
Rowtanps Hell's Broke Loose 24 Wee'le have no Babes to
be Baptized, Vntill they come to yeeres of ripe discretion.
x73. OLDSM. Stoops to Cong. 1. 1, He’s not come to years
of discretion yet. 1848 WHARTON Law Dict, 21/1 A male
.. at fourteen is at years of discretion, so far at least that he
may enter into a binding marriage.
!
DISCRETIVE.
7. Sc. Propriety of behaviour, esp. of female
conduct, as opposed to lightness or coquetry ;
civility, courtesy to a guest, etc. (Jam.)
1782 [see Discreet a, 2].
+8. An honorary title formerly frequently applied
to bishops, and sometimes to noblemen (DuCange>.
Cf. your worship, your honour.
1426 Surtevs Misc. (1890) 10 If it lyke vn to your wirship-
full and wyse discrecion, 1523 Lp. Berners /'ro/ss. 1. ccccix.
712 Right dear and puissaunt lordes: to your right noble
discressyons, please it you to known, that we haue receyued
right amiably the letters to vs sent. @ 1555 LATIMER Serm.
& Rent. (1845) 296 Your discretion, therefore, will take this
matter into consideration,
+b. A fanciful term for a ‘company’ of priests.
1486 Bk. St. Albans ¥ vija, A Discrecion of Prestis.
+ Discre‘tionable, ¢. Oés. rare. [f. prec. +
-ABLE.] Subject to or decided by discretion.
1799 G. Smitu Ladoratory I. 437 Take a discretionable
quantity of garlic.
Discretional (diskre‘{anal),@. [asprec. +-au.]
1. Of or pertaining to discretion ; discretionary.
1657 Burton's Diary (1828) I. 168 There is a difference
of opinion about those writs. Some will have them but dis-
cretional, 1683 Hickes Case /nf. Bapt. 79 The Gospel in-
dulging a discretional Latitude in both Cases. @1715
Burnet Own Time (1766) I. 258 Without leaving any dis-
cretional power with the king. 1770-4 A. Hunter Geory.
Ess. (1803) I. 431 The discretional use of the plough, roller,
and harrows. a@ 1859 Dr Quincey Wks, XIV. 176 Conversa-
tion suffers from the want of some discretional power, lodged
in an individual for controlling its movements.
+2. Surrendered at discretion. Ods.
1777 J. Witktnson in Sparks Corr, Amer. Rev. (1853) I.
14 We have made, during the Campaign, upwards of two
thousand discretional prisoners.
+3. Characterized by discretion; discreet. Ody.
1785 Mrs. A. M. Bennett Fuvenile Indiscretions (1786)
IV. 148 Not yet arrived at that discretional time of life.
Discre‘tionally, a/v. [f. prec.+-1y*%.] In
a manner or degree decided by discretion ; at dis-
cretion,
1754 RIcHAKDSON Grandison (1781) VI. xvili. 87, I always
mean to include my dear Lady L. .. Any-body else, but dis-
cretionally, 1766 Extick Loudon I. 437 The wealthier sort
of people were assessed discretionally by the commissioners.
1837 De Quincey Revolt of Tartars Wks. 1862 IV. 118
Setting aside discretionally whatsoever should arise to dis-
turb his plots. | i"
Discre‘tionarily, av. [f.next+-1y2.] In
a discretionary way ; at discretion.
1683 Vind. Case Green-Wax-Fines 3 Officers may dis-
cretionarily tax, or add to the Suitors Costs. 1794 NELSON
in Nicolas Disp. (1845) I. 436, I will discretionarily order
them a little wine as an encouragement.
Discretionary (diskre fanari), @.
TION + -ARY: ch. I. dscrétionnatre.]
1. Pertaining to discretion; left to or exercised
at discretion ; limited or restrained only by discre-
tion or judgement.
1698 AtrersuRY Disc. Lady Cutts 24 Amongst all her
discretionary Rules, the chief was to seem to have none.
1726 AYLIFFE Parergon (J.), It is discretionary in the bishop
to admit him to that order at what time he thinks fit. 174
H. Wacrote Lett. H. Mann (1834) 1. xii. 34 He had dis-
cretionary powers to act as he should judge proper. 1827
Hatvam Const. Hist, (1876) I. v. 234 The privy council in
general arrogated to itself a power of discretionary imprison-
ment. 1863 H. Cox /ustit 1. vii. 71 The reference to the
House of Lords is entirely discretionary in the Crown.
+2. Characterized by discretion; discreet. Ods.
1712 STEELF Sfect. No. 402. P 2, I am never alone with my
Mother, but she tells me Stories of the discretionary Part of
the World. 1753 L. M. tr. Du Boscg’s Accomplish'd Woman
I. 28 All..unprofitable without a discretionary Silence.
4] 3. as adv. At discretion.
1751 Eviza Heywoop Betsy Thoughtless U1. 63 A small
fortune, and that to be paid discretionary.
Discretive (diskr7tiv), a.and sé. [ad. L. d7s-
crétiv-us serving to distinguish (Priscian), f. déscrét-
ppl. stem of discernére to distinguish, divide, Dis-
ceRN. Cf. OF. discretif (15th c. in Godef.).]
A. adj. 1. =Dissunctive. a. Gram.and Logic.
Discretive conjunction, proposition: see quots. ; discretive
distinction, a distinction expressing a difference in kind, as
‘not a plant, but an animal’. Cf. Discrete a. 3.
1588 Fraunce Lawiers Log. 1. v. 93 In absolute copulative
and discretive axiomes, there is no U70@ears, no condition
at all. @160z W. Perkins Cases Consc. (1619) 240 The latter
is coupled to the former by a discretiue coniunction. 1690
Locke Hum. Und. m1. vii. 5 But is a Particle,..and he that
says it is a discretive Conjunction, .. thinks he has suffi-
ciently explain’d it. 1753 S. SHuckrorp Creation § Fall
Man 43 It is not here a discretive Particle, disjoining and
distinguishing two Parts of one Period; but it is illative.
1819 G. S. Faser Dispensations (1823) II. 389: The word
only, as I have just observed, is no doubt discretive.
1891 Wetton Logic I. 1. i. 192 Discretive Propositions,
where two affirmative propositions are connected by an
adversative conjunction,
b. generally.
1660 Stantey Hist, Philos. 1x. (1701) 432/2 He held that
there are four Elements, Fire, Air, Water, Earth; and two
principal powers, Amity and Discord ; one unitive, the other
discretive. 1836 I. Taytor Phys. Th. Another Life (1857)
59 Mind allied to matter. .thus lives..by its own discretive
act. ;
+2. Serving to distinguish or discriminate; dis-
tinctive ; discriminative ; diacritic. Ods.
1601 Deacon & WALKER Sfirits § Divels To Rdr. 8 Not
hauing vpon them some discretiue stampe or discerning cen-
55*-2
[f. Discre-
DISCRETIVELY.
sure. @1631 Donne Serm, Gen. i. 26 (1634) 33, | have a power
to judge; a judi a discretive power, a power to dis-
cern between a naturall accident and a judgement of God.
1669 Gate Crt. Gentiles 1. 1. x. 51 A name is an instructive
and discretive instrument of the essence. 1803 W. TayLox
in Monthly Mag. X1V. 487 Such sub-division is neither dis-
cretive nor exhaustive, 1819 G. S. Faser Dispensations
(1823) II. 388, xo¢e, Grounds on which the Socinians assume
the title of ational Christians as a specifically discretive
appellation.
. sb. 1, A disjunctive conjunction or proposi-
tion. Ods.
1612 Brinstey Pos. Parts (1669) 48 Discretives, by which
the parts are lightly Severed. 1650 R. Ho tincwortu
Exerc, Usu * Powers 19 Joyning them together with
the copulative (ad) and not using the discretive (07). | 1654
Z. Coxe Logick (1657) 119 To the truth of a discretive is
——— the truth of both parts. 1725 Watts Logic u. ii. § 6
All compound propositions, except copulatives and discre-
tives, are properly denied or contradicted when the negation
affects their conjunctive particles.
+2. A discriminative phrase or concept. Ods.
1660 Z. Cxorton St. Peters Bonds abide 2 His universal
discretive, ‘ All Episcopacy ’.
Discre‘tively, adv. [f. prec.+-ty2.] Ina
discretive manner ; disjunctively ; distinctively.
1638 Meve Daniel's Weeks Wks. (1672) ut. zor The
particle °) (Nehem. xiii. 6) seems not to be taken rationally |
for (Ouia), but discretively for ON D> (Sed, But).
Br, i Ricuarpson Observ. O. Test. 237 (V.) The plural
number being used discretively to note out and design one
of many. 1836-7 Sir W. Hamitton Metaph. xxxvii. (1870)
II. 338 Reasoning is either from the whole to its parts ; or
from all the parts, discretively, to the whole they constitute
collectively. P
Discre‘tiveness. [f.as prec.+-ness.] The
quality or power of discriminating or discerning.
1844 G. S. Faser Light Diss. Mighty Deliv. (1845) 11. 344
Even in a common writer of ordinary discretiveness.
+ Discri-be, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [f. L. d?-, dis-
(Dis- 6) + scribére to write, after proscribe, etc. : it
does not in sense represent L. discribére to appor-
tion (by writing).)] ¢vans. To undo by a writing.
1647 Warp Simp. Cobler (1843) 59 If a King. .will circum-
scribe himself at Oxford, and proscribe or discribe his Par-
liament at Westminster.
Discrier, obs. form of Drescrizr.
1580 Sipney Arcadia 1. Wks. (1724) II. 792 The poor
Shepherds. .who were the first discriers of these matters.
+ Discri‘minable, ¢. Ods. rare. [f. L. dis-
crimind-re to DISCRIMINATE + -BLE.] Capable of
being discriminated.
1730-6 in Batwey (folio). 1823 W. TayLor Eng. Synon.
a 1654 |
(1856) vii, Understanding and intellect are tending to..dis- |
criminable meaning.
Discriminal (diskri‘minal), a. rare. [ad. L.
discriminal-is serving to divide or separate, f. dis-
crimen division, distinction: see -aL.] Of the
nature of a distinction or division.
Discriminal line in Palmistry: see quot.
1842 Branve Dict. Sc. etc. 224 [C. 1 The lines on
the palm of the hand are divided into principal and inferior ;
the former are five: the line of life.. the dragon's tail, or
discriminal line, between the hand and the arm.
+ Discri‘minance. 00s. rare—'. [f.as next:
see -ANCE.] = DISCRIMINATION,
1647 H. More Song of Soul ui. ii. 11. xxiv, They together
blended are That nought we see with right discriminance.
Discri‘minancy. vave. [f. next: see -ancy.]
‘The quality of being discriminant ; faculty of dis-
criminating.
21846 Penny May. is cited by Worcester.
Discriminant (diskri‘minant), a, and sd. [ad.
L. discriminant-em, pr. pple. of discriminare to
DISCRIMINATE: see -ANT !,]
A. adj, 1. Discriminating ; showing discrimina-
tion or discernment,
1836 Fraser's Mag. XIV. 411 fr mal notes are not all so
discriminant as this, 1866 ; H. Newman Gerontinus (1874)
sy With a sense so app hensive and discrimi
. Math, Implying equal roots or a node (cf.
B). Discriminant relation, a one-fold relation
between parameters determining a nodal point.
B. sb. Math. The eliminant of the first de-
rived functions of a homogeneous function of 7
variables,
Introduced in 1852 by aoe for determinant, which is
still found ee . T. Gerrans).
Frni. V1. 52.
5 Sytvester in Cams, & Dudbl. Math.
1876 Satmon Mod. Higher Alg. (ed. 3) § 109 The discrimin-
ant is equal to the product of the squares of all the differ-
ences of the differences of any two roots of the equation,
sntal, a. Math, [f. prec. +-Au.]
Relating to a discriminant.
Discriminantal index of a singular point of a curve, the
number of intersections of the polar of an arbitrary point
with the curve at the given point. Yotal discriminantal
index of a curve, the sum of the discriminantal indices of
all its singular points,
1875 Smitu Higher Singularities Plane Curves in Proc.
Lond. Math, Soc. V1.
te (diskriminct), a. [ad. L. dis?
criminat-us divided, separated, distinguished, pa.
pple. of déscrimindre: see next.) —
Distinct, distinguished, discriminated. arch.
1626 Bacon Sylva § 875 It is certaine that ters and
Cockles, and Mussles .. haue no discriminate ~~}
W. Taytor in Monthly Mag. XVX, 657 The cha s
436
the savages are well-drawn ; they are more discriminate and
various than those of the Europeans. 1887 E. Jouxson
Antiqua Mater 69 A Hellenisti lesiastical as discrimin-
ate from a synagogal literature and life.
2. Marked by discrimination or discernment ;
making careful or exact distinctions : opp. to zv-
discriminate.
1798 Mavtnus Popul. (1817) II. 289 ‘The best .. mode in
wih occasional and Sateen poco can be given.
Ibid. (1878) 479 Much may be done by discriminate charity.
183% Foster in Life & Corr. (1846) 11. 250 Discriminate
perception. 1895 Westm. Gaz. 20 Mar. 2/1 The discriminate
ascetic is the true hedonist.
Hence Discri‘minately adv., with discrimina-
tion; Discri-minateness, the quality of having
discrimination.
1727 Battey vol. Il, Discriminateness, distinguishingness.
1779-8: Jounson L. P., Shenstone, His conception of an
Elegy he has in his Preface very judiciously and discrimin-
ately explained. 1884 Bookseller Sept. 09/2 Discriminately
he purchased everything that came in his way.
Discriminate (diskrimine't), 7. [f. L. dés-
criminat- ppl. stem of discrimindre to divide,
separate, distinguish, f. discrimen, -crimin- divi-
sion, distinction, f. stem of discernére to distin-
guish, Discern. (Cf. Crime.)]
1. ¢rans. To make or constitute a difference in or
between ; to distinguish, differentiate.
1628 Prynne Love-lockes 26 Who poll one side of their
heads—of purpose to discriminate themselues from others.
1666 Boy.e Orig. Formes & Qual., Such slight differences
as those that discriminate these Bodies. 1774 Warton Hist.
Eng. Poetry (1775) 1. Diss. 1. 65 No peculiarity .. more
strongly discriminates the manners of the Greeks and
Romans from those of modern times. a 1871 Grote Eth.
Fragm, iii. (1876) 59 Capacities which discriminate one
individual from another, ;
2. To distinguish with the mind or intellect ; to
perceive, observe, or note the difference in or be-
tween.
1665 Hooke Microgr. 66 The surfaces .. being so neer to-
gether, that the eye cannot discriminate them from one.
1677 Barrow Wks, (1687) I. xx. 283 We take upon us. .to
discriminate the goats from the sheep. 1836 J. Girperr
Chr. Atonem. v. (1852) 139 It is in the nature of the reward
sought .. that we discriminate a mean from a noble trans-
action, 31891 F. Haut in Nation (N.Y.) LIL. 244/1 How is
one..to discriminate the teachings of Dr. Trench's reviser
from those of Dr. Trench himself?
3. intr. or abso’. To make a distinction ; to per- |
ceive or note the difference (de/ween things); to
exercise disceriment.
1774 J. Bryant Mythol. 11. 523 The purport of the term,
which discriminates, may not te easy to be deciphered.
1857 Buckte Crviliz. I. vii. 321 It is by reason, and not by
faith, that we must discriminate in religious matters.
Green Stay Stud. 26 He would discriminate between tem-
porary and chronic distress.
b. Zo discriminate against: to make an adverse
distinction with regard to ; to distinguish unfavour-
ably from others. With zudirect pass.
1880 Marx Twatn (Clemens) 7ramp Aédr, 11. 153, 1 did
not propose to be discriminated against on account of my
pened 1885 Pall Mall. G. 24 Feb. 8/1 The action of
the German Government in discriminating against certain
imports from the United States. 1886 /é:d,19 July 3/2 If
the police, as the Socialists declare, discriminate against
them on account of their opinions. Loe :
Hence Discri‘minated /f/. a,, distinguished from
others ; perceived as distinct.
1 . Younc Crit. Gray's Elegy (1810) 49 The dis-
anbides catalogue of the dead. 1848 R. I. Wi_berroRrce
Incarnation v. (1852) 137 The two titles (Father, and Son]
imply a real co-exis of discrimi Persons,
Discri-minating, //. a. [f. prec. + -1NG ®.]
1. That discriminates (sense 1); distinguishing,
making or constituting a distinction, or affording
a ground for distinction.
1647 ‘Trape Comm, Epistles 102 In these shedding and
discriminating times. 1677 Hate True Relig. ut, (1684)
38 Each Party espousing some odd Discriminating Habits.
1797 M. Baie Mord, Anat. (1807) 81 The discriminatin:
mark of this disease, 1838 Turrer Prov. Philos., Gifts 22
A discriminating test Separating honesty from falsehood.
2. That discriminates (sense 2); that perceives
or notes distinctions with accuracy; posse
discrimination or discernment.
1792 Mary Woutstonecr. Rights Wom. iii. 102 The dis-
criminating outline of a caricature. 1794 Suttivan View
Nat. 1. 17 A sound and diseri ing jud _ 1849
Macautay //ist, Eng, 1.172 No man observed the varieties
of character with a more discriminating eye. 3
3. Discriminating duty or rate: one that varies
in amount according to the country or place whence
the merchandise is imported or carried, or accord-
ing to the persons rated; a differential duty or
rate,
1845-52 MeCuttocn 7axation un. v. 218 The 7 & 8 Victoria
. reduced the duty on foreign sugar. . leaving a discriminat-
ing duty of 10s, a cwt. in favour of our own sugars.
1870 Daily News 16 Apr., Is it not absurd to revive a dis-
tinguishing rate, preferential and discriminating, in favour
of one class of dealers and against another?
4. Math, Discriminating circle, in the Theory
of Functions with essential singularities, the circle
on which all the singularities of another connected
function lie?) [=Ger, Grenskreis,| Discriminat-
ing cubic, a cubic equation whose roots are the
876
DISCRIMINATIVE.
reciprocal of the principal radii vectores of a quadric
surface referred to its centre. ‘
1874 SALmon Geom. three Dimensions (ed. 3) 58 If two
roots of the discriminating cubic vanish, the equation .,
represents a cylinder whose base is a_paral
Forsytu 7h. Functions vi. § 71. 111 ‘To divide the plane
the modified variable ¢ into two .. The boundary. .
is a circle of finite radius, called the discriminating circle of
the function. .All the singularities (and the branch-points, if
any) lie on the discriminating circle. 7
Hence Discri‘minatingly adv., in a discrimin-
ating way, with discrimination.
Bain Senses & Int. m. i. § 65 The ear must be dis-
criminatingly sensitive to pitch, and to the harmonies
discords of different pitches. 1856 Kincstey Misc., Froude’s
Hist. Eng. Al. 47 It is written as history should be, dis-
criminatingly, patiently, apd yet lovingly and genially.
Discrimination pec mg [ad. L.
discrimination-em, n. of action from discriminare
to DISCRIMINATE.
1. The action of discriminating ; the iving,
noting, or making a distinction or difference be-
tween things; a disti inction (made with the mind,
or in action).
1648 Eikon Bas. xxvii. (1824) 265 Take heed of abetting
any factions, of applying to any publique discriminations in
matters of religion, contrary to what is, in your judgement,
and the Church well setled. 1678 Puiturs, Discrimination
a putting a difference between one thing and another. In
Rhetorick it is the same figure with Pavadiastole, ¥
Stannore Paraphr. 1. 24 A perfect Discrimination
then be made between the Good and Bad, 1864 Bowen
Logic i. 4 A conscious discrimination of those respects in
which it is similar to others from those in which it is unlike
them, 1889 Spectator 9 Nov., Life is a constant series of
discriminations between what it is well to attempt and what
it is not well to attem ‘ }
b. fasstvely. The fact or condition of being dis-
criminated or distinguished. ? Ods.
@ 1699 Stit.iNGFL, (J.), There is a reverence to be showed
them on account of their discrimination from other p!
and separation for sacred uses. 1791-1823 Disrartt Cur.
Lit., Mast. Ceremon., Precedence, and other honorary
discriminations, establish the useful distinctions of ranks.
2. Something that discriminates or distinguishes ;
a distinction, difference (existing in or between
things) ; a distinguishing mark or characteristic.
Now rare or Obs.
1646 Six T. Browne Psend. Ep, 11. xxiii. 166 [These] are
discriminations very materiall, and plainly declare, that
under the same name Authors describe not the same animall.
1759 Jounson Rasselas xxviii. (1787) 79 Where we see. .the
whole at once, we readily note the discriminations, G.
Cuatmers Caledonia 1. 1. i. 2 To that event the various
tribes owe their discrimination and their —
3. The faculty of discriminating ; the power of
observing differences accurately, or of making exact
distinctions ; discernment.
1814 Scott Wav. xxiii, His character was touched with
yet more discrimination by Flora. 1838 Dickens Nich.
Nick. xviii, It does..credit to your discrimination that you
should have found such a very lent young wom
1866 Gro. Euiot F. Holt II. xvi. 15 It was essential ,. that
his waistcoat should imply much discrimination.
+4. =REcRIMINATION. Obs. rare.
a1670 Hacker Adp. Williams 1, (1692) 16 (D.), Reproaches
and all sorts of unkind discriminations. Baxter in
Hale's True Relig. Introd, Ab, Schiems and Factions, and
| ‘Arsionenitias. diaeieninit :
P
Hence Discrimina’tional a., of or pertaining to
discrimination ; in a/mistry = DISCRIMINAL.
1879 R. A. Campnett Philosophic Chiremaney 167 The
Wrist Lines, also known as the R and
tional lines, separate the hand from the arm by a single,
double, or triple transcursion at the wrist.
Discriminative (diskri‘minétiv), a. [f. L.
ppl. stem déscriminat-: see -IvE.] Tending to
discriminate ; characterized by discriminating. _
1. Serving to discriminate or distinguish ; consti-
tuting a distinction ; distinctive, dist ;
Hare True Relig. 1. (1684) 11 This is the
doctueatve Mark ofa true Ghrttian. 1779-81 JoHNSON
L. P., Dryden Wks, 11. 414 ‘The discriminative excel!
of Homer is elevation preh of thought. 1848
— in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club IU. No. 6. 307, I must
m, upon ours a name and discriminative mark.
. Having the quality or character of observing
or making distinctions with accuracy; marked by
or showing discrimination ; discerning. (Of per-
sons, their faculties, actions, utterances, etc.)
@ 1638 Meve Disc. Matt, vi. 9 Wks. (1672) 1.8 After the
same manner were the Holy tment and the Holy
Perfume or Incense to be a minative,
singular, aj te usance of them, 1653 H. Morr
Antid. Ath, 1. ix. (1712) 66 Discriminative Providence,
that knew afore the nature and course of all things. 1805
Foster £ss. 1v. i. 101 A more discriminative censure. 1865
Mitt £xam. Hamilton 222 Mr. Bain recognises two ..
modes of discriminative sensibility in the muscular sense.
b. éransf. (Of, or in reference to, things.
1826 Sourney in Q. Rev, XXXIV. 317 Bombs and rockets
are not discriminative, 188 Lng. lechanic 27 May 2770/3
The .. well-known discriminative power -
chromatised gelatine of inkin nce
1872 Yeats Growth Comm. 12 She bespe their ports .
comers by heavy duties, ‘
ficace niaetateemieny adv,, in a discrimina-
tive manner, with discrimination. :
DISCRIMINATOR.
a@ 1638 Muve Disc. Matt. vi, 9 Wks. (1672) 1.14 When the
same are worthily and discriminatively used. 1797-1803
Foster in Life & Corr. (1846) I. 206 Some one said that
women remarked characters more discriminatively. 1862
F. Haut Hindu Philos. Syst. 45 Certitude is the distin-
guishing property of intellect .. and to cognize discrimina-
tively, that of mind. : . .
cri‘minator. [a. L. discriminator (‘Ter-
tull.), agent-n. from discriminare to D1SCRIMINATE.]
One who discriminates.
1828 CoLesrookeE in 7vans. R, Asiat, Soc. (1830) II. 183
He [the judge] discriminates, and is, consequently, the dis-
criminator (vivdca). ;
Discriminatory, ¢. vare. [f. L. type *azs-
criminatori-us, {. dtscriminator: see prec. and
-oRY.] = DISCRIMINATIVE.
1828 W. Fiecp Mem. Dr. Parr Il. 414 Proofs of a pure
taste and a discriminatory judgment. 1892 Columbus
(Ohio) Dispatch « Mar., The Government still hoped for
discriminatory rights with Great Britain,
Discri‘minoid. Math. ([f. after Discrmmy-
ANT; see -orp.} A function of which the van-
ishing expresses the equality of all the integrating
factors of a differential equation. Hence Dis-
criminoi‘dal a.
dg J. Cocke in Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. X. 111 It
will be found convenient to give a name to the functions
Dand C)e. Let us call them discriminoids. /éid., This first
species of discriminoidal solution.
+ Discri‘minous, 2. Ods. rave. [ad. late L.
discriminds-us decisive, critical, f. déscrimen: see
DISCRIMINATE v. and Pier Critical, hazardous.
1666 G. Harvey Morb. Angi. (J.), Any kind of spitting of
blood imports a very discriminous state. /éid. xvii. 195
Consumptives, though their case appears not with so dis-
criminous an aspect. 1727 Baitey vol. II, Discriminous,
full of Jeopardy.
Hence Discri‘minousness.
173 in Batey vol. II.
ription, Discrive, obs. ff. DEScriPTion,
DESCRIVE.
Discrown (diskraw'n), v. [f. Dis- 6 + Crown
v, or Dis- 7 + Crown sé,: cf. OF, descoroner (12th
c. in Hatz.-Darm.) ; also Decrown.] ¢vans. To
deprive of a crown, take the crown from; sfec. to
deprive of royal dignity, to depose ; ¢rans/. and fig.
to deprive of supremacy, dignity, or adornment.
1586 Warner Add. Eng. i. xvi. (R.) The one restored ..
The other .. Dis-crowned. 1612-5 Br. Hatt Conte.
N. T. w. xxxi, He discrownes not the body, who crowns
the soule. 1803 W. Taytor in Monthly Mag. XIV. 54 On
the shorn hair discrown’d of bridal flow’rs, Weeping lies
scorn'd and trampled Liberty. 1863 KincLAKE Crimea
1876) I. xiv. 301 To crown or discrown its Monarchs. 1871
orLeY Voltaire (1886) 13 Discrowning sovereign reason,
to be the serving drudge of superstition or social usage.
Hence Discrow'ned /f/. a., deprived of the
crown; Discrow'ning v0/. sd.
1837 Cartyte Fy. Rev. (1871) III. 1v. vii. 167 A worn dis-
crowned Widow. 1866 Pad/ Mall G. No. 510. 966/1 The
successive contemporary discrownings. 1878 Bosw. SmiTH
Carthage 353 The discrowned queen of the seas.
Discru‘ciament. 04s. rare. [f. L. discru-
cia-re to torture + -MENT; cf. excructament (also
inNashe). (L. had cructdmentum from cruciare.)]
Torment, torture.
. 1593 Nasue Christ's T. (1613) 181 What then is it, to liue
int ore times more grinding discruciament of dying?
Cockeram 1, Endlesse Paine, discrutiament.
+ crticiate,v. Obs. [f. discructat-, ppl.
stem of L. discruciare, f. Dis- 5 + cructare to tor-
ture, rack, torment, f. crac, cruc-em CRross.]
1. trans. To torment, torture, excruciate.
1600 Asp. Anot Exp. Yonah 484 The conscience of the
transgressing sinner .. doth use to discruciate the person
affected. 1633 Br. Hatt Hard Texts 253 To discruciate
and rack his thoughts with an insatiable desire of what he
hath not. 1660 SHarrocx Vegetables 149, 1 mean that we
puzzle not ourselves over-much nor discruciate our spirits
to resolve what are the causes,
2. nonce-use. To puzzle out, unravel, solve (a
crux’ or riddle: cf. Crux 3).
1745 Swirt To Sheridan Wks. 1745 VIII. 206 Pray dis-
cruciate what follows.
Hence + Discru‘ciating Z//. a., tormenting ;
also + Discrucia‘tion, torture, torment, anguish.
xt R. H. Arraignm. Whole Creature xi. § 2. too They
produce anxiety, griefe, vexation, anguish, discrutiation
and discontent. 1 Br. or Norwicu Serm. tn Westut.
Abs. J, Nov. 30 Discruciating Fears .. impatient, Hopes.
1788 Trifler xxv. 323 It dimoves every discruciating pain
» from the stomach. 2
+ rut‘ator. Ols. vare—'. [f. di-, Dis- 5
+ Scruraror.] ?A caviller or searcher for ob-
Jections.
@ 1626 W. Sciater Sern. Exper. (1638) 10g It signifies the
Discrutatour, or Disputer, against the promise.
cry(e, -cryghe, obs. ff. Desory v.! and 2,
+Discuba‘tion. 00s. vare—1, [ad. assumed
L. type *discubatio, n. of action f, *déscubare, f.
dis- (Dis-) + cubare to recline. The actual L.word
was discubitio from discumbére; but the parallel
forms cubatio, accubatio, occur in L.: cf. CUBATION,
Accusation.] Reclining at meals.
1635-56 Cowtey Davideis 1. Notes § 52 What was the
fashion in Samuel’s time, is not certain; it is probable
igh .. that Discubation was then in practice.
437
+ Discw'bitory, a. Ols rare". [ad.L. type
*discubitore-us, f. discubit-, ppl. stem of déscumbéere
see DiscumB and -ory.] Adapted for reclining.
1646 Sir ‘I. Browne Pseud. Zp. vy. vi. 241 Custome by
degrees changed their cubiculary beds into discubitory.
+ Discwbiture. 00s. rare. [ad. L. type *des-
cubitira, f. discubit-, ppl. stem of discumbére: see
prec. and -urE.] The posture of reclining.
@ 1655 Vines Lora’s Supp. (1677) 113 The gesture, which
was discubiture or lying on couch-beds, /d7d. 154.
+ Discwlp, v. Ods. vare—4. [ad. med.L. azs-
culpa-re (Du Cange), f. Dis- 4+ culpare to blame,
culpa fault.) trans. =DISCULPATE.
3738 Warsurton Div, Legat. 1.294 He himself disculps
them.
Disculpate (diskylpeit), v. [f. discelpiat-
ppl. stem of med.L, dsculpare: see prec.) trans.
To clear from blame or accusation; to exculpate.
(1693 W. Bares Sev. vii. 249 [Satan’s] prevailing Tempta-
tions do not disculpate Sinners that yield to them. @1734
Nortu Lives 1. 40 Being faithful and just, with the testi-
mony of things to disculpate him. x H. Wacpote Hist.
Doubts 122 Theauthors of the Chronicle of Croyland. .charge
him directly with none of the crimes, since imputed to him,
and disculpate him of others. 1880 Vern. Ler Stud. Jtaly
1v. iv. 173 The hero accused of regicide .. and unable to
disculpate himself. 1888 H. C. Lea //ist. /iqguisition 1,
43 note, Disculpating himself to Eugenius IV from an accu-
sation of doubting the papal power.
Disculpation (diskv]péifon).
from med.L. désculpare to DiscuLpate.]
action of clearing from blame ; exculpation.
1760-97 H. WALPoLe Jem. Geo. IT (1847) IIL. x. 252 This
disculpation under the hand of a Secretary of State was
remarkable. 1770 Burke Pres. Discont, Wks. 1837 I. 150
A plan of apology and disculpation. 1891 W. M. Rosser1t
Shelley's Adonats g note, Arguments. .tending to Harriet’s
disculpation.
Disculpatory, « vae-%. [f. désculpat-
ppl. stem of med.L. dzscu/pare : see prec. and -ory.]
Tending to disculpate.
1847 in Craic : and in later Dicts.
+Discumb, v. Obs. rare. [ad. L.déscumb-cre
to lie down, recline, f. D1s- 1 + -cumbére to liedown:
cf. CuMBENT.] zv¢r. To recline (at table). Hence
Discu'mbing v/. sb. and ffl. a.
1683 J. Evans Anceling at Sacrament 1, 21 At the begin:
ing of the Paschal Feast the Jews did put themselv
into this Discumbing or Leaning posture .. while they Eat
and Drank the two first Cups of Wine. 1684 Vind. Case
Indiff. Things 38 The posture of discumbing. | 1699 T.
Bennet Dissenters’ Pleas (1711) 170 Some convenient pos-
ture, such as kneeling, sitting, discumbing, standing.
+ Discumbence. Os. rave.—°. [f. as next
+-ENCE.] =next.
1656 in BLount Glossogr. z
+ Discu‘mbency. 0és. [f. DiscumBen’, after
L. type *discumbentia: see -ENCY.] Discumbent
condition; the reclining posture at meals.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef. v. vi. 243 This discum-
bency at meales was in use in the days of our Saviour.
1682-3 Case Indiff. Things 11 The Jews ..did eat in
the posture of discumbency. 1737 Stackuouse //ist. Bible,
N.T. (1765) IL. vit. iv. 149 xote, They used this posture
of discumbency and especially at the pascal supper.
+ Discumbent, @. and sé. Os, Also 6 dis-
com-, [ad. L. discumbent-em, pr. pple. of discum-
bére: see DiscumB.] A. adj. Reclining.
171s 1. MATHER Several Serm. 11. 95 The Jews .. sat at
their Tables in a discumbent posture. 1756 C. Lucas Ess.
Waters 1.197 Bathing is best administered in a discumbent
posture.
1 SO.
1. One who reclines at table ; a guest at a feast.
1562 Butteyn Use Sickmen 73, He cast doune al the
meate from the borde, fallyng out with all the discombentes.
1614 T. Apams Devil's Banguet 135 A beastiall Banket ;
wherein either man is the Symposiast, and the Deuill the
discumbent ; or Sathan the Feastmaker, and man the Guest.
2. One confined to bed by sickness ; = DEcuM-
BENT sd,
1765 Gate in Phil. Trans. LV. 193 A.D. 1721 The dis-
cumbents were 5,989, whereof 844 died. /d/d. 194 The dis-
cumbents were estimated at 4,000, whereof about 500 died.
Discumber (diskymbo:), v. [f. Drs- 6 +
CumBerv, Cf. OF. descombrer, mod.¥. décombrer.]
lL. trans. To relieve ; to disencumber.
1725 Pore Odyss. v. 474 The chief. . His limbs discumbers
of the clinging vest. 1806 J. Graname Birds Scot. 17 Her
young, Soon as discumbered of the fragile shell Run lively
round their dam. Hevrs Anim. & M. vi. (1875) 149
Discumbering our minds of what we have crammed up for
the occasion.
4] 2. To put away or get rid of, as an encumbrance.
(But in the quot. app. a misreading.)
.. Chaucer's Pars. T. 816 (ed. Tyrwhitt) The vengeance
of avoutrie is awarded to the peine of helle, but if so be
that it be discombered by penitence. [Early MSS. and
edd. destourbed, disturberid, distorbled, destroubled.]
+ Discu-mbitory, a. Obs. rare—*. A non-
etymological by-form of Discusrrory, influenced
by the L. present stem discemd-.
1715 tr. Pancirollus’ Rerum Mem. 1. w. x. 186 Those
discumbitory Couches, upon which they loll’d when at their
[n. of action
The
Repast,
+ Discusmbiture. Ods. rare. A non-etymo-
logical by-form of DiscuBITURE; see prec,
!
|
DISCURSIVE.
1684 Vind. Case /ndif7. Things 39 It was required that
discumbiture should be used in all Religious Feasts. 1696
J. Epwarps Demonstr. Exist. God 1. 82 This is a soft bed
of itself, and makes discumbiture a delightful posture.
+ Discuvmbrance, [Dis- 5.] =CUMBRANCE.
c 1480 Merlix 511 At foure cours thei haue hem perced
thourgh with-oute eny other discombraunce. _
Discumfit, Discumfort, obs. ff. Discomrir,
DISCOMFORT.
+ Discw'r, discu'rre, v. Obs. [ad. L. déscurr-
ére to run to and fro, f. Dis- 1 + curréve to run.]
1. gtr. To run about.
c1§s0 Disc. Common Weal. Eng. (1893) 25 We be not so
agill and light as .. birdes of the ayere be, that we might
discurre from one place to an other.
2. trans. To run over or through.
1586 B. Younc Guaszo’s Civ. Conv. Vv. 206 b, Mans minde
..in moment of a time it discurres all things. 1
Diana Pref.,The delight. .in discurring most of those townes
and places in it with a pleasant recordation of my pen.
Discure, obs. form of DISCOVER v.
+ Discwred, ///. a. Obs. [f. Dis- 7a + CurE
sb.l 4.) Without cure of souls: see CurE sé. 4,
1604 looker Fabrigue Ch. 92, 1... maintaine it more law-
full .. to hold two Benefices with cure of soules then two
discured or impropriated livings.
+ Discwrrent, a.) Obs. rave. [f. Dis- 10 +
Current a.] Not current or in circulation.
1599 SANvys Europe Spec. (1632) 122 ‘To make discurrent
.. those very books .. in such wise as not to suffer them
to be commonly salable. /éid. 129 Whose bookes being
discurrent in all Catholike Countries.
+ Discw'rrent, a.2 Obs. rare. [ad. L. a@és-
current-em, pr. pple. of déscurr-cre : see D1scuR v.]
Running hither and thither.
1656 Biount Glossogr., Discurrent, that wanders or runs
hitherand thither. 1710 M. Henry Convm., Dan. xii. 4 (1848)
g92 ‘They shall ‘run to and fro’ to inquire out copies of it..
discurrent, they shall discourse of it.
Discurrour, obs. form of DIscovERER.
+ Discursa‘tion. Os. [ad. L. discursation-
em, n. of action f. déscursdre, freq. of discurrére :
see Discur.]
1. A running hither and thither, or from place to
place.
1652 Gaur Magastrom. 55 Making long discursations,
to learn strange tongues. ;
2. A passing from one subject to another.
1647 ‘Trapp Comme. Matt. vi. 6 That being sequestered
from company, we may .. be the freer from .. discursation
and wandering of mind. :
Discursative, @ rare. [f. L. discursat- ppl.
stem of déscursare: see prec. and -IVE.] Passing
from one object of thought to another; discursive.
Hence Discu‘rsativeness.
1819 P. Morris in Blackw. Mag. VI. 311 The Discursative
Sentiment, draws off the imitative principle, and transfers
it from one object to another, so as to keep it revolving.
Jbid., Vhat sort of Discursativeness which relates to space.
Jbid., The curiosity generated from Discursativeness has
a spring of motion within itself.
+ Discurse. Ods. [ad. L. discurs-us a running
to and fro or away, f. discurs-, ppl. stem of déscur-
rére: see next.] Onward course; = DISCOURSE
sb. 1.
15ss H. Penpitton in Bonner Homilies 35 By contynuall
discurse of tyme euery one hath deliuered the fayth.
Discursion (diskd-1fen). rare. Also 6 dis-
corsioun, [ad. L. déscursion-ent, n. of action from
discurrére to run to and fro: see Discur.]
+1. The action of running or moving to and fro.
1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 404 Richt grit displesour
he had euerie da Of the discorsioun maid be Inglismen.
1684 tr. Bonet's Merc. Compit. xvi. 618 Volatils are most
needful, for greater penetration and quicker discursion.
2. fig. The action of passing from the subject
under consideration ; digression.
1851 Brimtey L£ss., Wordsw. 169 The name recalls us
from our discursion to speak of one whom, [etc.]}.
3. The action of passing from premisses to con-
clusions ; reasoning; = DISCOURSE sé. 2.
1603 Hottanp Plutarch's Mor. 132 Turning the discur-
sion of his judgement from things abroad, to those which
are within himselfe. 1650 Hosses Human Nature iv. zt
The succession of conceptions in the Minde .. may
orderly .. and this is discourse of the Minde. But because
the word Discourse is commonly taken for the coherence
and consequence of words, I will, to avoid equivocation,
call it discursion. 1817 Coteripce Biog. Lit. I. x. 160
Discourse here... does not mean what we now call dis-
coursing; but the discursion of the mind, 1846 O. Brown-
son Wks, V. 506 An act of intuition or of discursion as well
as of faith .. involves it. :
+ Discwrsist. Oss. rave—1. [f. L. déscursus,
in sense ‘discourse’ + -Ist.] One who practises
discoursing, a disputer. :
3671 L. Avpison West Barbary Pref. (T.), Great dis-
cursists were apt to intrigue affairs, dispute the Prince's
resolution, and stir up the people. : i
Discursive (diskaasiv), a. (sd.) [f. L. déscurs-
ppl. stem of déscurrére (see DiscURSION) + -IVE.]
. Running hither and thither; passing irregularly
from one locality to another. rave in i, sense.
1626 Bacon Sylva § 745 Whatsoeuer moueth Attention. .
stilleth the Naturall and discursiue Motion of the Spirits.
1834 West Ind. Sketch Bk. 11, 240 Misgivings, that
roe aight prove somewhat more discursive, /did, 282
DISCURSIVELY.
The regularity of the streets .. prevented the breezes being
so disc as. ng the M d dwellings.
2. fig. Passing rapidly or ag seed from one
subject to another; rambling, digressive ; extend-
ing over or dealing with a wide range of subjects.
1599 Marston Sco. Villanie i. xi. 231 Boundlesse dis-
cursiue hension Giving it wings. 1665 Hooke A/icrog?.
Pref. G., Men are generally rather taken with the plausible
and discursive, then the real and the solid part of Philo-
sophy. 1791 Boswett Johnson an. 1774 (1816) I. 296 Such
a discursive Exercise of his mind. 1827 CartyLe Richter
Misc. Ess. 1872 1.8 The name Novelist.. would ill describe
so vast and discursive a genius. 1850 TENNyson Jn Mem.
cix, Heart-affluence in discursive talk From household
fountains never dry. 1867 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876)
I. iv. 149 A most vivid, though very discursive and garru-
lous, history of the time.
3. Passing from premisses to conclusions ; pro-
ceeding by reasoning or argument; ratiocinative.
(Cf. Discourse v. 2.) Often bd to intuitive.
1608 D. T. Ess. Pol. & Mor, 117 lgnorance .. depriveth
Reason of her discursive facultie. ax1652 J. Smiru Sed.
Disc. v. 137 We cannot attain to science but by a discursive
deduction of one thing from another. 1667 Mitton P. Z.
v. 488 Whence the soule Reason receives, and reason is her
being, Discursive, or Intuitive; discourse Is oftest yours,
the latter most is ours. 1817 CoLerince Biog. Lit. I. x.
161 Philosophy has hitherto he discursive: while Geo-
metry is always and essentially zatuitive. 1836-7 Sir W.
Hamitton Metaph. (1877) I1. xx. 14 The Elaborative or
Discursive Faculty .. has only one operation, it only com-
pares. 1874 L. StepHen Hours in Library (1892) II. i. 15
Johnson .. is always a man of intuitions rather than of
discurgjve intellects 2
+ B. assb. A subject of ‘ discourse’ or reasoning
(as distinguished from a subject of perception).
Obs. rare.
1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man, w. viii. 364 Sometimes ..
the very subyectum discursus is imperceptible to Sense ..
such are also the discursives of moral good and evil, just,
unjust, which are no more perceptible to Sense than Colour
is to the Ear.
Discursively (diski-sivli), adv.
-LY 4.) In a discursive manner.
1. By passing from premisses to conclusions; by
‘discourse of reason’ (cf. DiscoursE sé. 2): opp.
to tututtively.
1677 Hate /’rimt. Orig. Man. 1. i. 22 Whereby we do dis-
cursively, and by way of ratiocination, deduce one thing from
another. 1816 Coteripcre Biog. Lit., etc. (1882) 360 In each
article of faith embraced on conviction, the mind determines,
first, intuitively on its logical possibility; secondly, dis-
cursively on its analogy to doctrines already believed. 1828
De Quincey Ahetoric Wks. XI. 42 All reasoning is carried
on discursively; that is, discuxrendo,—by running about to
the right and the left, laying the separate notices together,
and thence mediately deriving some third apprehension.
2. In a rambling manner, digressively.
1829 I. Taytor Exthus. viii. 183 An intelligent Christian
«who should peruse discursively the ecclesiastical writers.
1846 Pore Halluk Wks. 1864 III. 61 [He] has read a great
deal, although very discursively. 1876 Bancrorr /ist.U. S.
VI. lv. 437 He [George III] spoke discursively of his shat-
tered health, his agitation of mind.
Discu'rsiveness. [fas prec. +-NESS.] The
quality of being discursive: a. of reasoning from
premisses to conclusions ; b. of passing from one
subject to another.
[f. prec. +
438
the discus—were the chief and essential parts of the pen-
tathlic contest.
b. In other ancient senses: (see quots.)
1706 Puitwrrs (ed, Kersey), Discus, a Dish or Platter for
Meat .. Also a round Consecrated Shield made to represent
a Memorable Deed of some Hero of Antiquity, and hung up
in a Temple of the Gods. /bid., Discus or Descus (in old
Records), a Desk or Reading-shelf in a Church. 1849
Loner. Kavanagh xxx, The untoward winds will blow the
discus of the gods against my forehead. 1 Leircn
Miiller’s Anc, Art § 232 Isis, human, with cow horns and
a discus between them.
+2. = Disk in its various technical senses.
1664 Evetyn Mem. 24 Oct.(1857) 1.406 Observing the discus
of the sun for the passing of Mercury that day before it. —_
Phil. Trans. 1. No. 6. 105 The inclination of the discus of
the Cometical Body. 1706 Puittirs (ed. Kersey), Amon
Herbalists, Discus is taken to signifie the middle, plain, an
flat part of some Flowers; because its figure resembles the
ancient Discus.
Discuss (diskv’s), v. Forms: 4-7 discusse,
(4-5 discuse, 5-6 dyscus(se, 6 diskousse, fa.
Pfle. discust, 7 discus), 7- discuss. [f. L. d7s-
cuss- ppl. stem of discut-ére to dash or shake to
pieces, agitate, disperse, dispel, drive away ; in late
L. and Romanic to discuss, investigate: see D1s-
cutE. App. the L. pa. pple. déscussus was first
Englished as discussed (in Hampole ¢ 1340, also
Anglo Fr. déscussé, 1352, in Statutes of the Realm
I. 3284, and discuss thence taken as the verb.]
+1. tans. To drive away, dispel, disperse, scatter.
“it. and fig. Obs.
¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 1, metr. iii. g When pat ny3t was
discussed and chased awey, derknesses forleften me. 1
More Confut. Tindale Wks. 401/2 They wil clerely dissi-
pate and discusse the myst, 1651 J. F[reake] Agvippa's
Occ. Philos. 17 The Northern Wind, fierce and roaring, and
discussing clouds.
+b. To shake off; also to set free, loosen. Ods.
arg4r Wyatt Poet, Wks. (1861) 201 To loose, and to dis-
cuss ‘The sons of death out from their deadly bond. 1590
Spenser J. Q. mt. i. 48 All regard of shame she had discust,
And meet respect of honor putt to flight.
+e. To put off, remove (dress). Obs. rare.
1640 GLAPTHORNE /ollander ww. Wks. (1874) I. 138 Now
Cosen Sconce, you must discusse your doublet.
2. Med. To dissipate, dispel, or disperse (hu+
mours, tumours, or obstructions). arch.
1533 Evyor Cast. Helthe w. i. (1539) 77a, To rubbe them
agayne with some oyle, that dothe open the poores, and
dyscusse the vapours. 1 Grrarve //erbal 1. xx. (1633)
28 To discusse hard swellings in womens brests. 1684 tr.
Bonet's Merc. Compit. 11. 103 Of all edibles Garlick dis-
cusses wind most. 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 130 ? 5
A pomade .. of virtue to discuss pimples. 1804 ABERNETHY
Surg. Obs. 35 Three diseased lymphatic glands .. resisted
the attempts which had been made to discuss them,
b. intr. (for reft.) To disperse, pass away.
7 J.S. Le Dran's Observ, Surg. (1771) 228 If the Ery-
sipelas
faction.
+ 3. ¢rans. To examine or investigate (a matter) ;
to try (as a judge). Obs.
340 Hampoir P”. Consc. 2415 We may noght fle, Until
i
| al our lyf examynd be, And alle our dedys, bathe gude and
a 1677 Barrow Serm.Wks.1686 ILL.xxii.252 The exercise of |
our mind in rational discursiveness, about things, in quest
of truth. cee 4 I. Taytor Enthus. iv. (1867) 72 That dis-
cursiveness of the inventive faculties which is a principal
source of heresy. 2857 Lever Fort. Glencore xxiii. (1873)
159 Discursiveness is the mother of failure. 1885 Afanch.
‘.xam, 12 Aug. 5/1 There was nothing to limit the discur-
siveness of anyone who had a taste for original research.
Discursory (diskissdri), a. rare. Also 6
discoursory. [f. L. déscurs- (see above) + -ory.]
+1. Of the nature of ‘discourse’ or reasoning ;
argumentative. Ods.
4581 Muccaster Positions vii. (1887) 50 A number of such
like discoursory argumentes, 1614 Be Hak Recoll. Treat.
Ded. A ijb, Here shall your Maiestie finde .. speculation
interchanged with experience, positiue theologie with po-
lemicall, textuall with discursorie, popular with scholasticall.
2. of the nature of a digression, discursive.
1881 Ruskin Love's Meinie 1. iii. 126 If there be motive
for discursory remark.
+ Discw'rtain, v. Obs. [f. Dis- 6 or 7a +
CurTAaIN v, or sb.) ¢vans, To draw aside the cur-
tain from; to unveil.
1616 J. Lane Conin. Syr.'s 7. (1887) 41 Phebus, discur-
taininge his murninge face. 1635 Bratuwair Arcad. Pr,
Ded., One, who discurtains the vices of that time. 1659
Lady Alimony 1. ii. in Hazl. Dodsley XIV. 280 Your acri-
monious spirit will discurtain our changeable taffeta ladies,
|| Discus (di-skds). [L. déscus quoit, plate, a.
Gr. biaKos quoit.]
1. Gr. and Rom. Antig. A disk of metal or heavy
material used in ancient Grecian and Roman
athletic exercises ; a quoit. Also, e//ift., the game
of hurling the discus.
656 CowLry Pindaric Odes, Praise Pindar iii. note, The
chief Exercises there were Running, Leaping, Wrestling,
the Discus, which was the casting of a great round Stone,
or cm made of Iron or Brass. _172§ Pore Odyss. vitl. 137
From Elatreus’ strong arm the Discus flies. 1892 P. GARDNER
Chap. Grk. Hist. ix. 295 The discus. .weighed about twelve
pounds. It was round and flat, and a skilful athlete. . would
sometimes hurl it more than a hundred feet. /did., These
three competitions—leaping, throwing the spear, and hurling
ille, Be discussed, after Goddes wille. /did. 6247 Crist, at
his last commyng, Sal in dome sitte and discusse alle thyag:
c1400 Lanfranc’'s Cirurg. 141, I bileue, if .. he wole wisely
discussen alle pe opynyons of auctouris, pat he schal seen
[etc.]. ¢ 1450 tr. De /mitatione 1, xiv, In demyng oir men,
a man laborip in veyn.. but in demying & discussyng a man
self, euere he laborip fruytuously. 1535 Act 27 Hen. VI//,
c. 27 Anie matter or cause depending or to be di |
inthe same courte, 1555 Even Decades 13 They haue onely
discussed that superficiall parte of the earth which lyeth be-
twene the Ilandes of Gades and the ryuer of Ganges. 1613
Sir H. Fincu Law (1636) 479 A Supersedeas to stay execu-
tion till the error be discussed. o
+4. To settle or decide (as a judge). Ods.
¢ 1381 Cuaucer Parl. Foules 624 Sith it may not here dis-
cussed be Who loveth her best. 1486 //enry VII at York
in Surtees Misc. (1890) 55 To discuse up in conscience ich
judiciall cace. 1g5r Rowinson tr. A/ore's Utop. (Arb.) 22,
As an vmpier or a ludge, with my sentence finallye to dis-
cusse.
ing whether of them was the first ; which question the hol
does not discuss, the Membrane falls into Putre- |
1587 Gotpinc De Mornay vii. 88 This vaine disput- |
scripture will discusse in one word Yea, and nature it selfe |
also will discusse it. 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa. 123 |
Which etymologie seemeth to me not improbable .. But ..
we leave that to be discussed by others, 1771 Smotierr
Humph, Cl. (1797) VIL. 192, 1 make no doubt but that in a
day or two this troublesome business may be discussed.
+b. absol. To decide (of). Obs.
1514 Barciay Cyt. & Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) 32 Why
sholde thyng mortall of endeles thyng dyscus. 1628 GauLe
Pract. Th. (1629) 50 hire to sift out, and peremptorily
to discusse of the inscrutable Nature and Being of Christ.
+5. To make known, declare, pronounce. Oés,
(The history and place of this sense are not clear.)
1389 in Lng. Gila gg ty No brother no sister ne shalle _
discuse pe counseil of pis fraternite to no straungere. 1480
Miracle Plays (ed. Pollard 1890) 63 Lord thi rythwysnesse
here dyscus. 1520 Caxton’s Chron, Eng. ut. 19/2 [Daniel]
dyscussed the dreames of the kynge. 1598 Suaxs. Me WwW,
1. iii, x04, I will discusse the humour of this Loue to Ford.
*599 — Hen. V,1w. iv. 5 Art thou a Gentleman? — t is
thy Name? discusse. /6éd, 30 Discusse the same in Frenc
vato him. 1632 Lrrucow 7rav’, 1x. 379 Time discussing
A miracle of Mettall. ‘
6. To investigate or examine by argument ; to
sift the considerations for and against ; to debate.
(Now the ordinary sense.
¢ 1450 [see Discussine vdi, sd.]. 1530 Rastett Bk. Purgat,
la
DISCUSSER.
among learned men. 1720
Gay Poents (1745) 1. 238 We've business ‘To discuss, a
of law. 1753 L. M. tr. Du Boscq's Accompl. Wom. M1. 157
note, See the discourse .. wherein it is discussed, whether
brutes have the use of reason. 1777 Prestitey Philos.
Necess. x. 118 Mr. Hume .. discusses the question .. with
great clearness. 1847 Tennyson Princ. u. 422 They, the
While, Discuss’d a doubt and tost it to and fro. 1849 Mac-
pon Hist. Eng. 1. 598 Several schemes were proposed and
b. adsol. To hold discussion; to debate.
1587 Turserv. 7 rag. 7. (1837) 42 Amongst themselves the
feasters gan discusse And diversly debate from young to old.
1628 T. Srencer Logick 311 A Method whereby wee come
to know how to discusse.
7. trans. To sift or investigate (material). rare.
1802 Parry Nat. Theol. xii. (1824) 483/2 These serrated or
dentated bills..form a filtre. The ducks by means of them
discuss the mud ; examining with great accuracy the puddle.
8. To investigate or try the quality of (food or
drink) ; to consume, make away with. (Somewhat
humorous.)
1815 Scott Guy M. xxii, A tall, stout, country-looking
man.. busy discussing huge slices of cold boiled beef. Le 4
Marryar Midsh. Easy i. 5 They allowed him to discuss the
question, while they discussed his port wine, 1861 ‘THorn-
Bury 7urner 11. 264 Turner was always to be seen between
ten and eleven at the Athenzum, discussing his half-pint of
sherry. 1884 Lp. Matmessury Mem. Ex-min. 11, 281 The
time was passed in di ing a sub ial lunch
9. Civil Law. To ‘do diligence’ (DILIGENCE
5a) or exhaust legal proceedings against (a debtor),
esp. against the person primarily liable (or his pro-
perty), before proceeding against the property of a
person secondarily liable.
Used with local peculiarities of application in Scotland,
Lower Canada, and Louisiana, also as rendering Fr. discuter
in analogous sense. See Discussion 5.
1681-93 Stair /nst, Law Scot. 1. xvii. § 5 Cautioners can-
not be pursued till the principal Debitor be discust. bid.
ut v. § 17 Heirs of Blood..and also Executors must be dis-
cussed before Heirs of Provision or Tailzie. 1766 W. Gorvon
Gen. Counting-ho. 340 The accepter being discussed, the bill
must recoil upon the drawer. 1848 WHarton Law Lex.
s.v. Discussion, The obligation contracted by the surety
with the creditor is, that the latter shall not proceed against
him until he has first discussed the principal debtor, if he is
solvent. 1861 W. Beit Dict. Law Scot. 2g1 Where a special
heir is burdened with a debt, the creditor must discuss that
heir before he can insist against the heir-at-law. . By discuss-
ing an heir is meant, charging him to enter; and if he do
not r ¢ the successi btaining decree against him,
and raising diligence both inst his person and | his estate,
whether belonging to himself or derived from his ancestor,
as in the case of the discussion of a cautioner. 18.. Civil
Code of Quebec Art. 1942 The creditor is not bound to dis-
cuss the principal debtor unless the surety demands it when
he is first sued. [See also Discussion 5.]
Hence Discu'ssed f//. a.
1598 Fiorito, Discusso, discussed, searched. 1892 Pall
Mail G. 22 June 3/1 The only other discussed matter.
+ Discu'ss, 54. Ots. [app. f. Discuss v.; but
cf. L. discussus dashing, agitating, f. ppl. stem of
discutére ; see Discuss v.] = Discussion, a. De-
cision (of a judge), settlement. b. Examination,
investigation. ¢. Debate; in quot. Je. a
a. 1556 J. Hevwoop Spider & F. Ixv. 19 By his i
Streight to blisse go they, streight to bale go wee. /did.
Concl. 26 That they and we by goddes mercifull discus,
May..Liue and loue together. 1616 Burgh Kec, Aberdeen
5 Mar, (Jam. Supp.), To attend v said actioun,
Viti soos Houimeuee Chope: Stee 1 athe Sapo iia
a & OLINsHED Chron. Scot. I, ‘o refer my selfe
to oan and iderati of hind d Sir
E. Hony Let. to Mr. T. 1. 6 In this my discusse .. I will
.. confine my selfe within this list. 1650 T. VaucHan
Anthrop. Theom.7 These are Magnalia Dei & Naturae,
and require not our Discusse so much as our Reverence.
c. 1655 H. Vaucnan Silex Scint. 1. Storm (1858) 57 Whe
his waters billow thus, Dark storms and wind Incite them to
that fierce discusse.
Discussable, var. of DiscussIBLE. — :
Diseussal, rare. [f. Discuss v.+-au.] = Dis-
CUSSION.
1828 Life Planter Yamaica (ed. 2) 124 This discussal of
a one-day's wonder.
Discusser (diskv'sa1). [f. as prec. + -ER1.]
He who or that which discusses, in various senses.
+a. One who settles or decides questions (ods.).
b. One who en in discussion or debate. + ¢.
A medicine that disperses humours, etc. (04s.).
a. 1596 Dacrympce tr. Lesdie's Hist. Scot. I. vi. 334 Quha
was cheife discusser in controuersies, quhom thay call grett
quotas of Jngland. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pod. vin. vi. § 12
‘hat thereof God him: was inventor, disceptator, lator,
the deviser, the discusser, the deliverer. ‘
b. 1621 Corcr., Discutenr, a discusser, examiner, de-
bater. 1689 Answ. Desertion Discussed in 11th Collect.
Papers Present Juncture of Affairs 6 Thus the sser
rambles out of one Untruth into another. 1691 Woop A th.
O-xon. 1, 349 A discusser of controversies against Bellarmine.
1893 Chicago Advance 23 Nov., (The biblical preacher] is
not a discusser, whose is to break to pieces sift
for better construction and consolidation. Sa
@. 1612 Woovatt Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 29 This Minium-
laster is a discusser of hot humors. 1656 Ringtey
ract, Physick 31 First give astringent Syrups, then add
a
DISCUSSIBLE.
Discussible (disky'sib’l), a. Also 7 -able.
[f. L. discuss-: see Discuss v. + -BLE.] Capable
of being discussed. ‘+a. Med. That can be dis-
persed, asa humour. b. That can be debated or
examined by argument.
1662 J. CHanpter Van Helmont’s Oriat. 330'To consume
water, and the more light discussable things, into vapours.
1862 Mutt Logic (ed. 5) II. 18 note, To have rendered so
bold a suggestion. .ad: ible and di: ible even as a con-
jecture, 1 . M. Rosertson Ess. Crit. Method 71 It is
discussible under three aspects.
ussient, obs. by-form of DiscuTIENT.
Discu'ssing, v//. s/. [f. Discuss v. + -1NG 1.]
The action of the verb Discuss ; = D1scussIon (in
various senses).
c1450 R. Gloucester’s Chron, (1724) 483/2 note (MS. Coll.
any Amon righte welle lettred men..he hathe busy
9 ees of questions. cx1gss isher's Life in Wks.
(E. E. T. S.) I. 139 To have referred the hearing and dis-
cussing of his crime to his metropolitan. 1611 Corcr.,
Liquidation. .a discussing, or examination. 1681-93 STair
Inst, Law Scot. 1. v. § 17 Heirs .. have the benefit of an
order of discussing. 1726 AyLirFe Parergon 192'To commit
the Discussing of Causes privately to certain Persons learn’d
inthe Laws, |
Discu'ssing, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG?.]
That discusses ; in various senses of the vb. ; spec.
of medicine That disperses humours, tumours, etc.
1607 TorseLt Four-f, Beasts (1658) 437 ‘There is such a
dispersing and discussing nature in Wine, that it dissolveth
all.. hard things in the bodies of Beasts. 1632 Brug. Phys.
Pract.276 These discussing medicines shalbe vsed, 1707
Foyer Physic, Pulse-Watch 279 Hot discussing Unctions,
Discussion (disky‘fon). Also 4 discucion.
a. OF. discussion, discucion (12th c. in Littré), ad.
discusston-em shaking, examination, discussion,
n. of action from discu/ére : see DiscuTE, Discuss. ]
+1. Examination, investigation, trial (by a judge)
judicial decision. Oés.
1340 Hampote Psalter |. 1 Here fordos he discussion of |
a
syn, for he grauntes the dede. 1340 — Pr. Cousc. 2582
en be devels and be angels Has desputed our lif.. And
discucion made, als fals to be. c¢1440 Yacob’s Well xv. 98
Seynt Gregorie seyth, pat doom is a dyscussyoun of fe
cause. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 60b, Make dayly
discussyon of thy conscyence,
2. Examination or investigation (ofa matter) by
arguments for and against; ‘the ventilation of a
question’ (J.).
@1556 Cranmer Wks. (Parker Soc.) I. 61 Where you seem
to be offended with the discussion of this matter, what hurt
..can gold catch in the fire, or truth with discussing? 1558
Br. Watson Sev. Sacram. viii. 44 The subtlenesse of mans
at is to bee reiected from the iudgement and discussion
of this holy mystery. 1647 H. More Philos. Poems, De-
mocritus Platonissans Pret. 190 Discussion is no prejudice
but an honour tothetruth. 1771 Funius Lett. lix. 310, I do
not mean to renew the discussion of such opinions. 1874
Green Short Hist. viii. § 2.477 He [James]..forbade any
further discussion of State policy. 1891 Lp. HerscueEce in
Law Times’ Rep. UXV. 567/1 Much learning was expended
in the discussion of the point.
b. Argument or debate with a view to elicit
truth or establish a point ; a disquisition in which
a subject is treated from different sides.
1789 Betsuam Ess. II. xl. 519 Passionate dogmatists, the
avowed enemies of discussion. 1790 Burke Fx. Rev. Pref.
3 The Author began a second and more full discussion on
the subject. 1856 Froupr //ist. Eng. (1858) I. iii. 205 In
the House of Commons .. there was in theory unrestricted
liberty of discussion. 1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) 1V, 14 This
— is one of the least satisfactory in the dialogues of
lato.
3. Investigation of the quality of an article of food,
etc. by consumption of it. Azorous and collog.
1862 Sata Seven Sons I. iii. 49 [He] has. .five minutes for
the discussion of his beloved cheroot. 1864 .D. G. MitcHeti
Sev. Stor, 54 We fell presently to discussion of the mutton.
1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirl, 11. 143 The discussion of a
bottle of port in Mr. Rudd’s back parlour.
+4. Med. The dissipation or dispersal of hu-
mours, the resolution of tumours, etc,
1620 VENNER Via Recta Introd. 3 Discussion of vaporous
superfluities, 1656 H. More Enthus. Tri. 26 Evident from
the suddain and easy di ion of the fit. 1753 N. Torrtano
Gangr, Sore Throat 35 The Parents earnestly desiring the
Discussion of it, I was constrained to put upon the Tumour
+-Diabotanum. 1758 J.S. Le Dran's Observ. Surg. (1771)
330 The Termination of the Erysi was not only by Bis.
cussion, or Resolution, but also by Suppuration.
_5. Czvil Law. The exhaustion of legal proceed-
ings against a debtor, esp. against a person primar-
ily liable for a debt or payment, before proceeding
against a person secondarily liable.
A term of Roman Law, whence of the old law of France,
and of the Code Napoléon; thence of the codes of Quebec,
and Louisiana ; also of the law of Scotland, where the ‘dis-
cussion of heirs’ is a specific feature.
Benefit of discussion : the right of a person liable to pay
‘acertain sum in case of the failure of the person primarily
liable, to ire legal pr ings to be exh d agai
the latter before demand is made upon himself. Déscussion
a heirs (Sc. Law), the proceeding against heirs for debts
ue by the deceased, in a determined order, with use of
diligence against the first, before proceeding against the
, and so on,
1681-93 Stair Just. Laws Scot. 1. v. § 20 To sist process
against such Heirs as have the benefite of Discussion. 1751-3
A. M’Dovatt /ust, Law Scot. 1. xxiii, 30 One who mes
‘bound either to cause“the debtor to pay or the debt
himself .. has not the benefit of discussion, 1848 WHARTON
439
Law Lex. 184/2 By the Roman law sureties were ., liable
only after the creditor had sought payment from the principal
debtor, and he was unable to pay. This was called the benefit
or right of discussion. 186 Ww Bett Dict. Law Scot. 290/2
Discussion. This is a technical term in the law of Scotland,
and may be applied either to the discussion of a principal
debtor, or to the discussion of heirs. /éfd. The privilege of
discussion is now taken away by the Act 19 and 20 Vict., c. 60,
§ 8, 1856, unless expressly stipulated for in the instrument of
caution. /d7d. 291 Discussion of heirs. .The following is the
legal order in which the heirs must be discussed :—1s¢ The
heir of line. .2d the heir of conquest. .3¢ the heir-male. .4¢/
heirs of tailzie and provision by simple destination, where
they represent the dee: and /ast/y Heirs under marriage-
contracts, where they are not themselves creditors. 18. .
Civil Code of Quebec Art. 1941 The surety is liable only
upon the default of the debtor, who must previously be dis-
cussed, unless the surety has renounced the benefit of dis-
cussion. 18.. Law of Louisiana Arfs. 3014-17 (old Nos.),
3045-8 (new Nos.).
6. Comb., as discussion-meeting.
1853 Lyncu Sedf-/prov. iv. 97 The young man..may get
and give much good in discussion-meetings,
Discu'ssional, a. [f. prec. + -au.] Of the
nature of or pertaining to discussion.
1848 Fraser's Mag, XX XVIII. 341 In this whole array of
discussional ostentation.
Discu'ssionist. [f. as prec. + -Ist.] One who
advocates or practises discussion or debate.
1867 Ch. & State Rev. 30 Mar. 292 The discussionists
cannot resist the temptation..to air their vocabulary. 1879
Cassell’s Techn. Educ. 1, 152 In religious sects and theo-
logical discussionists.
iscussive (diskz'siv), a. and sé. [f. L. dzs-
cuss- ppl. stem of déscutere to DISCUSS + -IVE.]
A. adj. +1. Med. =Discurient a. Obs.
1580 Well of W. Hill, Aberdeen Aiij, (Vhe water] being
laxatiue, attenuatiue. .and discussiue. 1628 VENNER J obacco
(1650) 407 Its faculty being both discussive and expulsive.
1727 Braptey Fam. Dict. s.v. Burdock, Ut .. is discussive
and bitter to the taste.
+2. Having the quality of settling (a matter in
dispute) ; decisive. Ods.
1604 T. Wricnt Passions v. iv. 18 Things. .not discussive
for questions or disputes. 1644 Presbytery Display'd (1668)
20 [They] have vocem deliberativam, vocem decisivam,
have a debating, discussive voice.
3. Pertaining to discussion or debate. arch.
1644 Mitton Fdgm, Bucer (1851) 304 Ready, in a fair and
christianly discussive way, to debate and sift this matter.
1698 J. Cocxpurn Bourignianism Detected i. 16 Those
Rational discussive Faculties which help others to the
knowledge of Truth. 1826 Keatincre 7vav. (1817) I. 125
Judiciously curtailed of some. . verbose discussive scenes,
+ B. sb. Med. A dissipating or resolving agent ;
a discutient. Ods.
1612 Enchir. Med. 92 Beware of immoderate discussiues.
1671 Satmon Sy, Med. ut. xvi. 364 Discussives are such
ae ereceauly disperse the matter, and so dissolve it insen-
sibly.
Hence +Discu'ssively adv., + Discu‘ssiveness.
1613 M. Riptey Magn, Bodies 6 These being artificially and
discussively fastened to this Loadstone. 1727 Batcey vol. II,
Discussiveness, dissolving or dispersing quality.
+ Discu‘ssment. Ods. rare. [f. Discuss v.
+-MENT.] = DIscussion.
1559 App. PARKER Corr. 94 We beseech your Majesty ..
to refer the discussment and deciding of them to a synod of
your bishops and other godly learned men, 1651 Carr-
wricut Cert. Relig. 1.57 Requisite for the Churches under-
standing, and by..her consultations and discusments.
Biscu'ssory, ¢. rare—°. [f. L. descuss- (see
DiscussIVE) + -oRY.] Discutient.
1823 Crass Technol. Dict., Discutient or Discussory
medicines, those which dissolve impacted matter.
+ Discu‘ssure. Obs. rare—'. [f. Li déscuss-
(see DISCUSSIVE) +-URE.] = DISCUSSION.
1610 W. FotkinGuam Art of Survey 1. ii. 2 The Matter
comprises the Elementarie composition and constitution of
Possessions: and in discussure thereof, the Materiall parte is
most conuersant.
+ Discu'stom, sd. Obs. vare—}. [f. Dis- 9 +
Custom sb.; prob. after Discustom v.] Discon-
tinuance of a custom ; disuse.
1603 FLorio Montaigne ui. xii. (1632) 611 Better. .than for
ever through discustome..lose the commerce and conversa-
tion_of common life.
+ Discu'stom, v. Obs. [ad. OF. descostumer,
-coustumer to lose the habit or custom of, f. des-,
Dis- 4 + costumer to render customary, etc.: see
Custom v.] ¢rans. To render unaccustomed ; to
cause to discontinue a custom or habit; = D1sac-
custoM. Hence Discu'stomed ///. a.
1soz Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1v. xxii. 299
Moeuynge the helpe of god hym to dyscustome. 1598
Svivester Du Bartas u. i. 1. (1641) 113/1 If now no more
my sacred rimes distill With Art-lesse ease from my dis-
custom’d quill. 1677 E, PLepGer in Spurgeon 77eas. Dav.
Ps, xxx. 7 Discustom ourselves to the exercise of faith.
Disecu'table, a. rare. [a. mod.F. déscutadle, f.
discuter, ad. L. discutére to Discuss: cf. next.]
Capable of being discussed ; DiscussIBLE.
1893 Sat. Rev. 11 Feb, 150/t Many insoluble or discutable
points. .
Discutant. vare. [*. F. déscutant, pr. pple. of
discuter to discuss, subst.; see -ANT1,] One
who discusses.
1871 H. B. Forman Living Poets 166 The contrast be-
tween the half-frank discutant and the unctuous but immoral
dignitary discussed.
DISDAIN.
+ Discu'te, v. Ods. [a. F. discute-r (14th c. in
Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L, discutére to dash or shake
asunder, in late L. to discuss, investigate, f. D1s- 1
+ guatére (in comb, -cztére) to shake, strike with
a shock. Now displaced by Discuss.]
trans. To discuss; to investigate, examine.
1483 Caxton Cato A viij, Euery juge ought to discute and
examyne the caas of bothe partyes in. suche manere that he
may do equite and justyce. 1484 — Fables of A U/once (1889)
9 The cause to be discuted or pleted before the Juge.
b. zutr. with of. ;
ars2r Helyas in Thoms Prose Rom. (1858) HI. 53 To
discute of a mater. . ‘
Hence Discu'ting vé/. s., discussing.
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 431 b/t O dylygente dyscutyng of
causes and maters he rendred or yelded juste jugemente.
Discutient (diski7 fient), a. and sb. AZed. Also
7 discussient. [ad. L. déscutient-em, pr. pple. of
discutére: see DISCuTE.]
A. adj. Having the quality of ‘discussing’ or
dissipating morbid matter; resolvent.
1612 Woopatt Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 311 A discutient
Cataplasme. 1740 Ayterr in PAil. Trans, XLII. 10 An
hot, discutient, and restringent Fomentation. 1876 Bakr-
tHoLtow Jat. Med. (1879) 411 Preparations of conium were
much used for a supposed discutient or resolvent action ..
in certain kinds of tumors.
B. sb. A discutient medicine or preparation.
1655 CuLpeprer Riverius 1. xv. 54 When the matter is som-
what thin. .use not strong discussients and dissolvers. 1718
uincy Compl. Disp. 109 It enters .. into many Fomenta-
tions, as a good Discutient. 1830 Linptey Nat. Syst. Bot.
30 Employed externally as a discutient,
Disdain (disdé'n), sb, Forms: a. 3-5 de-
deyn(e, 4 dedeigne, -eyng, -ayn, §dedein. 8B.
4-5 desdeyn,-dayn. . 4 disdein‘e, 4-5 -deyn(e,
4-0 -deigne, 4-7 -dayn(e, 5 dysdane, -dene,
-dayne, Sc, disdenje, -dene, 6-7 disdaine, 6-
disdain. Cf. Spricn. [ME. dedeyn, desdeyn, a.
OF. desdeign, -daign, -daing, -dain, A¥. dedeigne
(Langtoft Chron. IL, 430°, mod.F. dedain = Pr. des-
daing, -denh, Cat. desdeny, Sp. desdeno, It. disdegno
(sdegno), Romanic deriv. of des-, disdegnare to dis-
dain: see next.]
1. The feeling entertained towards that which one
thinks unworthy of notice or beneath one’s dignity ;
scorn, contempt.
a. crago S. Eng. Leg. 1. 414/387 He hadde gret de-deyn
smale pefpes to do. ax1z00 Cursor M. 11309 (Cott.) O
pouert na dedeigne [later MSS. disdeyn, -dayne], had he.
1340 Hampoie Psalter xxviii. 6 Pai ere kald vnycorns for
pride & dedeyne. ¢1450 Myrc 1159 Hast [pow] had any
dedeyn Of ober synfulle pat pou hast seyn ¢ Lepce
y. 1393 Gower Conf. I. 121 He, which love had in dis-
deigne. 1540-1 Etyor /mage Gov. Pref. (1556) 3 Although dis-
deigne and envie dooe cause them to speake it. 1599 SHAks.
Much Ado, i. 51 Disdaine and Scorne ride sparkling in
her eyes, Mis-prizing what they looke on, 1667 Mitton
P. L. 1. 98 That fixt mind And high disdain, from sence of
injur’d merit. 1749 Fietpinc Yom Yones x1. vii, As I re-
ceived no answer .. my disdain would not suffer.me to con-
tinue my application, 1824 L. Murray ng. Gram. (ed. 5)
1.440 Haughtiness is founded on the high opinion we enter-
tain of ourselves; disdain, on the low opinion we have of
others. 1855 Mitman Lat. Chr, (1864) V. 1x. viii. gor They
were called in disdain the Puritans, an appellation which
perhaps they did not disdain. 1875 F. Hatt in Lippincott's
Mag. XV. 342/1, 1 .. had conceived a disdain of feathered
things, bustards excepted. mere :
+b. with g/. An instance or exhibition of this.
1631 Donne Dial. w. Sir H. Wotton (T.), So her dis-
dains can ne’er offend. 1632 Sir T. Hawkins tr. Mathieu's
Vnhappy Prosp. 152 My disdaines have served my pur-
poses. ; aes
+ 2. Indignation ; anger or vexation arising from
offended dignity; dudgeon. 70 have d.: to be in-
dignant, take offence. 70 have in d., to have d. of:
to be indignant or offended at. Ods.
a. 1297 R. Guouc. (1724) 193 Of yn vnry3t ychabbe gret
dedeyn. a@1340 Hampote Psalter xxxvi.1 Noli emulart in
malignantibus .. Will not haf dedeyn in ill willand. /67d.
Ixxxiv. 3 Auertisti ab ira indignacionis tue .. pou turnyd
fra be wreth of pi dedeyn. ¢1380 Wyciir Serm. Sel. Wks.
II. 70 Pis eldere sone hadde dedeyn, and wolde not come
in. 1400-50 Alexander 3155 He dedeyne [Dudd. MS. dis-
dayinel Wade, pat pai ware comen doun of kyngis, and be no
cause ellis.
B. ¢1386 Cuaucer Franki. Prod. 28 (Ellesm. MS.), I prey
yow haueth me nat in desdeyn [v.7. disdeyne] Though to
this man I speke a word or two, 1450 Ant. de la Tour
(1868) 17 The king saide, ‘y chese the yongest of the .iij.
doughters. .” of the whiche the eldest and the secounde had
gret meruaile and desdeyn. 1481 Caxton Myrr. i. vi..72
Of grete desdayn he suffreth to be slayn and dye. :
yy. ¢1386 Cuaucer Pro/. 789 (Sloane MS.) But take it
nought ? praie 30w in disdeigne [v.r7, disdeyne, disdayn,
decloyal: 1398 Gower Con/, II. 345 But Phebus, which
hath great disdein
Of that his maiden was forlein. 1513
Douctas 42xeis vu. xiii. 160 Than Jupiter .. Haifand dis-
dene ony mortall suld be Rasit to lyf. 1600 E. Boung,tr.
Conestaggio 299 The defeat of the Armie..caused. .through-
out ibe Hacks a great griefe and disdaine. 1606 SHaks.
Tr. & Cr. 1. ii. 35 The disdain and shame whereof, hath
euer since kept Hecee fasting and waking, 1659 B. Hareis
Parival’s Iron Age 229 Having conceived some disdain
inst his Master. @ 1677 Barrow Sev, Wks, 1716 I. 62
‘The great person .. took the neglect in huge disdain.
+b. fig. Of a wound: Angriness, inflamed con-
dition. Obs. rare. (Cf. proud flesh.) ~
c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 102 Whanne pilke wounde-was
DISDAIN.
sowdid pe pannicle was not weel heelid hadde a dedein
& was cause of gendrynge of a cram
+3. Losing. aversion, dislike. Ods.
{x in O. £, Misc. 228 And hedden of mony metes
de-deyn.] Currerrer Riverius 1, vii. 30 These are the
forerunners of an Epilepsy ; disdain of meat [etc.].
+b. transf. The quality which excites aversion ;
loathsomeness. (Cf. Darn sd. 3.) Obs.
1590 Spenser F. Q. 1.i.14 Most lothsom, filthie, foule, and
full of vile disdaine.
Disdain (disd2!n), v, Forms: a. 4 dedeyngne,
5 dedeyne, 5 dedene; 8. 4 desdaine, -deigne,
-dayne. y. 5 disdeyne, -daigne, (dis-
deynt), 5-6 dys-, 5-7 disdayne, 6 disdeine,
-dane, 6-7 -dcine, -deigne, 6- disdain. Cf.
also Speian v. [ME., a. OF. desdetgnier, -deigner
(3rd s. pres. -deigne), in later F. dédaigner, = Pr.
desdegnar, Cat. desdenyar, Sp. dedefar, Pg. des-
denhar, \t. disdegnare (sdegnare); a Common
Romanic vb. representing, with des- for L. d@- (see
De- 6), L. dédignare (collateral form of dédignari
to reject as unworthy, disdain, f. DE- 6 + dignare,
-Gri to think or treat as worthy; cf. DrIGn.)
1. trans. To think unworthy of oneself, or of one’s
notice; to regard or treat with contempt; to de-
spise, scorn, a. with simple obj.
aand B, ¢1386 Cuaucer Clerk's 7. 42 (Ellesm. MS.) Lat
youre eres nat my voys desdeyne [other MSS. disdeyne].
1483 Cath. Ang. 93/1 To Desden (Dedene A.), dedignari,
detrahere, detractare; vbi. to disspise. :
y. ©1386 [seeaandB]. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. xv1. lvii,
I fere to sore I shal disdayned be. *573 G. Harvey Letter-
6k, (Camden) 4 He laid against me. .that I did disdain everi
mans cumpani. 1613 Purcuas Pilgrimage v. xvii. 459 Whose
proud top would disdaine climing. 1754 Epwarps Freed.
Will v.iv. 217 Some seem to disdain the Distinction that we
make between natural and moral Necessity. 1821 SHELLEY
Prometh, Unb. 1. 52 If they disdained not such a prostrate
slave. 1858 Lytton What will he do? 1. x, 1 disdain your
sneer.
b. with z2/f or gerund. To think it beneath one,
to scorn (fo do or doing something).
a, ¢1380 Sir Ferumb. 2179 Ys herte was so gret, pat he
dedeynede to clepe, ‘oundo’ ; bot ran to wib is fet.
B. 1393 Gower Conf III. 227 If ..a king .. Desdaineth
for to done hem grace.
y. 1489 Caxton Faytes of A.1. xv. 43 They dysdayne to
obeye to theyre capytayne. a1533 Lp. Berners Huon
xxiv. 70 They dysdayne to speke tome. 1611 Bist 7ransi.
Pref. 11 Neither did we disdaine to reuise that which we
had done. 1 Goipsm. Roman Hist. (1786) I. 397 This
..was the title the Roman general disdained granting him.
1 W. Tuomson Watson's Philip [11 (1839) 357 [They]
disdained to follow this example of submission. 1868 E
|
|
|
440
+b. impers. Z¢ disdains me: it moves my in-
dignation, offends me.
©1440 Vork Myst.v.11 Me —. pat he The kynde of vs
me.
tane myght, And per-at dide:
Disdai-nable, a. vare. [a. OF. desdaign-
| able: see prec. and -ABLE.] Worthy of disdain.
‘ 47, di: Aas hl ihl.
| allowance was. .not disd:
Epwarps Raleigh I. xx. 455 Grey .. had disdained to beg |
his life.
e. To think (a thing) unworthy of (something).
(Cf. DEIeN z. 2.)
2° J. Hatt Hore Vac. 23 Nature disdeigned it a Roome.
. To think (anything) uaworthy of.
1591 Spenser Ruins of Vime Ded., God hath disdeigned
the world of that most noble Spirit.
+2. To be indignant, angry, or offended at. Ods.
1494 Fasyan Chron. u. xlviii. 32 The kynge disdeynynge
this demeanure of Andragius, after dyuers monycions..
gatheryd his knyghtes and made warre vpon Andragius.
1632 Litucow 7rav. Prol. B, To shun Ingratitude, which
I disdaine as Hell. 1633 T. Starrorp Pac. //16. vi. (1821)
84 His answer was much disdained. 1695 Lp. Preston
Boeth. ut. 106 Hence. .we often so much disdain their being
conferr’d upon undeserving Men. :
b. with subord. clause: To be indignant //at.
1548 Hatt Chron., Rich. 111, 45 The kyng of Scottes dis-
deignynge that the stronge castell of Dumbarre should re-
mayne in thenglish mennes handes. 1587 ‘Turserv. 7 rag.
7. (1837) 128 Who highly did disdaine That such .. abuse
his honour should distaine. 1602 Marston Ant. & Med.
u. Wks. 1856 I. 27, I have nineteene mistresses alreadie,
and I not much disdeigne that thou shold'st make up the
ful score. 1796 W. Tayior in Monthly Mag. 1. 14 Dis-
daining that the enemies of Christ should abound in wealth.
+3. intr. To be moved with indignation, be in-
dignant, take offence. Const. a¢ (rarely against,
of, on). Obs,
a, 1362 Wyciir ¥od xxxii. 3 But ajen the thre frendis of
hym he dedeynede, forthi that thei hadden not founde a
resounable answere. — Matt. xxi. 15 The princis of prestis
and scribis .. dedeyneden, and seiden to hym, Heerist thou
what these seyen? a1400 Relig. Pieces /r. Thornton MS,
go Pat deuyls lymme, dedeyned at pi dede.
. 14.. Epiph. in Tundale's Vis. 108 Of whos cumyng
though thou dysdeyne Hyt may not pleynly help. 1526
Tinpace Matt. xx. 24 They disdayned at the two brethren.
— Fokn vii. 23 Disdayne ye at me, because I made a man
every whit whoale? ¢1563 Cavenpisu Ld. Seymour iv., in
Wolsey, etc. (1825) II. 105 To disdayn ayenst natures newe
estate, B. Jonson Discov, ad fin., Ajax, deprived of
Achilles’ armour .. disdains ; and growing impatient of the
injury, rageth, and runs mad. Sir T. Hersert Trav.
oo and Butter is among them, but such as squemish
nglish stomacks wil disdaine at.
+4. trans. To move to indignation or scorn; to
offend, anger, displease. Ods.
a 1470 Tiptort Caesar x. (1530) 12 Induciomarus was sore
displeased and dysdayned at thys doynge. 1627 Vox Piscis
Avb, It shall nothing disdaine you; for it is no new thing,
but even that which you have continually looked for. 1650
Howe. Girafi's Rev. Naples 18 The people .. being much
disdain’d that the Vice-Roy had poker ay Bs 1817 ComBE
Devil upon Two Sticks in Lond. 1,251 Fashionable amuse-
ments delight him not, and even elegant vice disdains him.
1611 Cotcr., Desdaig i y p
1895 Daily News 9 Sept. 4/7 That tenth of a second of
isdained .. Yet to one not to the manner
born of racing it might have certainly seemed ‘disdainable ’.
Disdained (disdé-nd), p/. a. [f. Disparn.]
1. Treated with disdain; despised, scorned.
1598 Yonc Diana6 The disdained Shepherd. 1670 Mitton
Hist, Eng. u. Wks, (1851) 54 A new and disdained sight.
+2. Characterized by disdain; disdainful, scorn-
ful. Obs. rare.
1596 Suaks. 1 //en. /V, 1. iii. 183 Reuenge the geering |
and disdain'd contempt Of this proud King.
+ Disdain , adv. Obs. rare.
-Ly 4.) Scornfully, disdainfully.
1535 COVERDALE 1 Sam. xvii. 10, I haue spoken diszdanedly
vnto the hoost of Israel. — Ps. xxx. 18 Which cruelly,
diszdanedly & despitefully speake agaynst the rightuous.
Disdainer. [f. Dispain v. + -ER1.] One
who disdains ; a scorner, despiser.
1580 Ho.tysanp Treas. Fr. Tong, Mespriseur, a dis-
dayner, a despiser. 1587 Gotpinc De Mornay ii. 22 To
make h
Trag. Rich. 11, (1870) 49 The tooe, a disdayner or spurner.
Disdainful (disdé'nful), @. [f Disparn sé.
+-FUL.]
1. Full of or showing disdain; scornful, con-
temptuous, proudly disregardful.
1542 Wyatt li'auering Louer in Tottell’s Misc. (Arb.)
35 Vnder disdainfull brow. 1600 Suaxs. A. ¥. L
[f. prec. +
De it. iv.
53 The proud disdainfull Shepherdesse That was his Mis-
tresse. 1663 CowLey Ode Restoration xii, Cast a disdainful
look behind. 1750 Gray Elegy viii, Nor [let] Grandeur
hear with a disdainful smile The short and simple annals of
the poor. 1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. I, 122 They. .marched
against the most renowned battalions of Europe with dis-
dainful confidence.
b. Const. 27. or of.
1580 Lyiy Euphues (Arb.) 446 They are..not disdainfulle
to conferre. 1613 Suaxs. Hew. V///, u. iv. 123 Stubborne
to lustice .. Disdainfull to be tride by’t. 1746 Moret
Oratorio‘ Judas Maccabeus’, Disdainful of danger, we'll
rush on the foe. 1874 Green Short /ist, viii. § 5. 505 An
administrator, disdainful of private ends.
+2. Indignant, displeased; inimical. Ods. rare.
1548 Hatt Chron., Rich. 111, 45 b, The malicious attemptes
and disdeynfull invencions of his envious adversaries. 1550
CoverDALe Sfir. Perle xii. Wks. (Parker Soc.) I. 133 Vexed
is greatest disdainers .. confesse his arte. ¢c1630 ©
in his mind and disdainful that he is not so... fortunate as
other be. : : :
+3. That is the object of indignation, hateful ;
that is the object of disdain. Ods.
1547 SurREY 4ineid 1. 850 For I my yeres disdainfull
to the Gods [‘nvisus divis] Have lingred fourth. 1586 MAr-
Lowe 1st Pt. Tamburl... ii, Villain. . Fall prostrate on the
low disdainful earth,
i i y (disdénfuli), adv. [f. prec. +
-LY *.) In a disdainful manner; with disdain ;
scornfully, contemptuously ; + with indignation.
a. Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. xii. (R.), Ene-
mies, that disdeinfully wold put theim vnder, 1548 Hat
Chron., Hen. V1, 159 This proude byll, was both of the
kyng, and his counsaill, disdainfully taken. 1606 SHaks.
Tr. & Cr. ut. iii. 53 Either greete him not, Or else disdain-
fully. 1749 Fiecpinc Tom Yones xvi. ii, You would not
have so disdainfully called him fellow. 1838 Dickens Nich.
Nick. xix, He smiled disdainfully and pointed to the door.
Disdai-nfulness. [f. as prec.+-Nness.] The
quality of being disdainful.
1548 Upatt, etc. Evasm, Par. Luke vii. 37 (R.) With howe
great stately disdeignfulnesse, and straunge countenance
the Pharisiacall sort vsed to turne awai their faces from
sinners. ~~, *Smectymnuus'’ Vind, Answ. xv. 184 The
extream disdainfulnesse that breaths in every page and line.
1719 D’Urrey Pills 1V. 113 Her Disdainfulness my Heart
hath Cloven, 1856 R. A. Vaucuan A/ystics (1860) IL. vin.
viii, 287 note, Should she leave her sting in the flower, if its
juices are not to her taste, as man doth in his disdainfulness?
anking, vbl. sh. [f. Dispary v. + -1NG1,
The action of the verb Dispary ; the expression o!
disdain or scorn,
_ 1556 Aurelio § sab. (1608) B vj, That the sodain disdain- *
ing rendred him rigorouser, a 1631 Donne Dial. w. Sir
H. Wotton (T.), Say her disdainings justly must be grac’d
With name of chast. 1633 P. Frercuer Purple Isl, x. 19
In thy place is stept Disdaining vile, And Flatterie, base
sonne of Need and Shame. 1722 Eviza Haywoop Brit.
Recluse 131 Her very Countenance discover’d the secret
Disdainings of her Soul. :
ining, #//. a. [f. as prec. + -ING?.]
That disdains; disdainful, scornful.
Hence Disdai‘ningly adv.
c1485 Dighy Myst. wv. 1352 To be scornyd most deden-
ynglye. 1519 Horman Vxég. 116 He goeth statly, and
disdaynyngly. 16xx Sreev Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. iii, (1632) 462
The Noble elias disdainingly storming.
+ Disdainish, «. Ods. [f. Disparn sd, +
-ISH.] Inclined to be disdainful or scornful. Hence
Disdai‘nishly adv.
1540 Hyroe tr. Vives’ Instr. Chr, Wom... xii, (R.), Nor
set her e -disdainishly.
+ Disdainous, a. O/s. Forms: a, 4 de-
deignous, dedeynous; 8. 5 desdeynous; y.
5-6 dys-, disdeinous, -deynous, -daynous, 6
4 , Ne proud, but
ful pesible. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton) u. xlv. (1859) 51
‘
DISDIAPASON,
dysdeignous, -danus, disdainous. [a. OF. des-
deignos, -eus, -eux (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), =Pr.
desdenhos, Sp. desdeitoso, It. disdegnoso | ,
a Com. Romanic adj. f. disdegno Disparx sb.: see
-OUS.
1. Full of or showing disdain ; disdainful, scorn-
ful; proud, haughty.
©1374 Cuaucer /roylus u. 1168 (1217) (MS. G
os: oo hire herte oe Out ee 'diedaynis tag bib
ainys, dis-, desdaynes, ynous, dis-, desdayns] prisoun.
3377 Lana. P. P2, B. vin. 83 Who-so. .is pres pk ec
pe ledeignous, dowel hym folweth.
is diades::
“Kay Tt
att nought al
(86a) a ed Star Chamb. Proc. in Proc. Soc. Antig.
1 1 Wit ysdanus countynans, &:
ype ord Isab, (1608) Giv, It pleasethe you more to
towardes hus disdaingi 1563 Cavenpisn L'auctor
G. C. iii, in Wolsey, etc. (1825) 11. 140 Ther disdaynous dis-
pyghts and onnaturall debates.
y Full of indignation ; indignant.
c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode nu, civ. (1 114 Myn herte
so disdeynows pe j —_ that ia ac i sncrsteth
ontweyne. 153 Etyor Gov. 11. xii. (1883) 150 . began
to murmure, and to cast a disdaynous and greuous loke
upon Gysippus.
+ Disdai‘nously, adv. Ods. [f. prec. +-L¥2.]
Disdainfully, scornfully, haughtily.
Fasyan Chron, vu. 563 He was dysdeynously an-
seared 1568 GRAFTON Chron Il. aif The Magienahes ee
did likewise vilipend and disdeynous!y mocke all that the
Pope had there commau' 5
Disdar, var. of Dizpar (Pers.), warden of a fort.
+ Disda‘re, v. Obs. rare-%. [f. Dis- 6 or 7a
+Dane.] ¢rans. To strip of daring, cow, quell.
x612 Syvester tr. Mathieu's Henry the Great 450
awfull frowne Dis-dared Vice.
+ Disdeceive,v. Oés. [Dis-6.] trans, To
deliver from deception; to undeceive,
1622 Masse tr. Aleman's Gusman ad Alf. 1. 8 His owne
miserie doth dis-deceiue him. /éid. 1. 77 He that truely
loves is deceiv’d with that which ought to dis-deceiue him.
1647 Farincpon Serm, ii. 38 Goe to my palace in Silo and
there learn to disdeceive yourselves. Eart Mon, tr.
Senault's Use of Passions (1671) 295 Christian Religion .,
hath not been able to dis-deceive all Infidels.
+ Disdeify, v. Obs. rare—', [f. Dis- 6 +
Detry.] ¢rans, To deprive of deity: cf, Dison.
1627-77 Fevtuam Resolves 1. xvi. 27 The Papi ray
him as an old Man; and by this means, dis-dehe hin. :
Disdein(e, -deigne, -dene, -den3e, deyn(e,
obs. ff. DispDaIn.
Disdenominationalize: see Dis- 6.
Disdese'rve, v. zonce-wd. [D1s-6.] trans,
To do the reverse of deserving ; to deserve to lose ;
= DEMERIT ?. 3.
1668 Lp. Orrery State Lett, (1743) U1. 347 Which though
I cannot hope to merit, yet I am sure will sever disdeserve.
+ Disdesi‘re, v. vonce-wd. [Dis-6.] ¢rans.
To do the reverse of desiring; to desire to be
without.
1651 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. u. xxxiv, They.. lived to
dis-desire and unwish their former choice, by late repentance.
i Disdetermine, v. nonce-wd, [Dis- 6.]
trans. To _— a - — eye to a,
N. Bacon . t. . i. xl. 4
on gh Sag piety by the Benes ictive Pine! Poole
determined. .should be dis-d ined by one or a few.
|| Disdiaclasis (disdoi,e"klasis), Optics. [mod.
L., irreg. f. Gr. dis twice (in comb. regularly &:-,
Dr-2) + daeAacis: see DIACLASIS.] Double refrac-
tion (Syd. Soc. Lex, 1883).
iaclast (disdoi-iklest). [ad. mod. L, dis-
aang a (see a *A term applied by
Briicke to dark particles formin; t a i-
tion on the same plane, the doubl wemeaing Nise,
band, or layer of striated muscular tissue’ (Syd.
Mee Outl iot. 1, 1 The dark
- HALL Ontlines Physiol. 1, -
any ive nes dashed ons a line, ~ as being pmol
of minute doubly-refracti named dis
posed ting ic! .
diaclasts, 1876 Quan Elem. pgs 8) Il, 114 The
doubly refracting parts of a muscular fibre have, been
conceived by Briicke to be made up of an
minute doubly refracting particles, termed
diaclasts. 1877 Rosentuat Muscles §& Nerves 102 At these
points the di lasts are probably arranged regularly and
uy
in large
*stic, a. rare. [f. mod. L. disdia-
clast-us doubly refracting (irreg. f. Gr. dis twice +
*d:axAaords, vbl. adj. of 5¢ « to break in two)
+ -Ic.] Doubly refracting: applied to crystals ;
also, 4 te nature of ry seer mee * rae
, oLiNe (ti¢Ze) imenta ici
deteclestil. see Pine. Prams, 203 alagr peculiar
and notable propriety of the double Refraction in this Island-
stone, we have not scrupled to call it Dis-diaclastick. —
+ Disdiapa‘son. Mus. Obs, [a. L. disdia-
pason, a, Gr. dis a macy ‘twice through all (the
chords)’, a double octave in music; see D1apa-
son.) The interval ofa double octave; a fifteenth ;
(in quot. 1760) the compass or range of notes in-
cluded within the same.
1609 Doutanp. Ornith. Microl. 21 Disdiapason, is an
Interual] by a Fifteenth, occasioned .. by a quadruple pro-
a
en
DISDIET..
portion. 65x J. Flreaxe] Agrippa's Occ, Philos. 259 Sol
obtains the melody of the octave voice viz. Diapason; in
like manner by fifteen Tones, a Disdiapason. 1760 Pil.
Trans. LI. 702 The lyre .. took in the compass of a dis-
i , or double octave. 1774 Burney Hist. Mus.
1789) I. i. 3 It was the opinion of the ancients that this
isdiapason or double octave was the greatest interval
which could be received in melody.
+ Disdi-et. O¢s. rare. [f. Dis- 9 + Diet sd.]
a ad or irregular diet or regimen of food.
1 EwTon Lemnie’s Complex. (1633) 81 Old age is. .not
well able to beare out even the least disdyet that may bee.
1619 Denison Heav. Bang. (1631) 268 If the patient after-
wards distemper himselfe by disdyed.
Disdi- , v. Obs. rare. [DI8-6.] trans.
To deprive of dignity ; to dishonour.
Tecaeck Creed v. xxix. 286 They no way honour but
.-disdignifie him in such solemnities.
+Disdomage. 0s. rare—1. [a. OF. desdom-
mage (in Godef.) a sum paid to indemnify, f. des-,
Dis- 4 + dommage DaMace.] Indemnification.
1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1v. xxi. 227 By
reason of dysdomage, as yf.. the lenner were in domage
without fyccyon.
+ Disdow'bt, v. Obs. rare. [Dis- 5.] trans.
To have adverse doubts about; to distrust, mis-
trust, Mispousr,
@1656 Br. Hatt Soliloguies 55 The stamp is too well
known to be disdoubted. ,
Disdub: see Dis- 6.
+ Dise, dyse, decapitated form of adzse, adds,
Apzx, the initial @ being mistaken for the inde-
finite article.
a@x400 Gloss. in Rel. Ant. I. 8/1 Ascia, a dyse. c1460
J. Russet. Bk. Nurture 112 Haue a gymlet, & a dise.
Dise, obs. form of Dice; see Dru sd.1
Disease (dizi‘z), s+. Forms: 4 deses, deisese,
disseease, dishese, 4-5 disese, -sese, desese,
dysese, 5 disess, -cese, -ees(e, -seese, -easse, des-
esse, -eas, -eyce, dyses, -esse, -hese, -sese, -ase,
-easse, -eze, -zese, -eysse, 5-6 dysease, -sease,
Sc. diseis, 6 desease, disseyse, dysseasse, Sc.
dises, 5— disease. [ME. di-, desese, a. AF. disease,
desaese (Stat. Rich. II), OF. desatse, -ayse (14th c.
in Godef.), f. des-, Dis- 4 + atse Ease sd.]
+1. Absence of ease; uneasiness, discomfort ;
inconvenience, annoyance; disquiet, disturbance ;
trouble. Oés.
In later use, generally with distinct reference to the etym.
elements of the word: cf. Disease v. 1.
¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 166 Go and mak his pes,
or he do be more stoure, And pou to pi deses may haf be
frute and floure. 1388 Wyciir Yohs: xvi. 33 In the world
3e schulen haue disese. c1q10 Love Bonavent. Mirr.
xxvii, His disciples were in the see in grete disese. c1450
Merlin 54 Thei shull haue grete dissese for lakke of water.
@ 1547 Surrey in Tofte/l's Misc. (Arb.) 22 Till thou know
my hole disseyse my hart can haue no rest. 1615 CHAPMAN
Odyss. 1v. 1088 Doth sleep thus seize Thy powers, affected
with so much dis-ease? 1623 Liste 4//ric on O. §& N.
Test. Ded. xxiii, Some grudge of old disease, Which will
enforce us fortifie our townes,
+b. A cause of discomfort or distress; a trou-
ble, an annoyance, a grievance. Oés.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Nun's Pr. Prol. 5 It is a greet disese,
Where as men han been in greet welthe and ese, To heeren
of hire sodeyn fal. 1443 Paston Lett. No. 36 I. 49 Sende
me a letter as hastely as 3e may, yf wrytyn be non dysesse
to yow. @1667 Jer. Taytor Sevm. xxv. § 5 Wks. 1847-54
IV. 64x The disemployed is a disease, and like a long sleep-
less night to himself, and ag¢load to his country. 1712
Priveaux Direct. Ch.-wardens (ed. 4) 59 [It] is only for
their own ease, and that must not be made a dis-ease to the
rest of the Parish.
+c. Molestation. 70 do disease to, to molest.
¢1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxi. 98 Nedders and ober veny-
mous bestez of pat cuntree duse na diseese to na straungers
ne pilgrimes. c1440 Ges‘a Kom. 1. xxvi. (1838) 353 The
Emperour comaundede, that no man shulde dispoile the
=e. -ne to hem do no disease. 1493 Festival (W. de
V. 1515) 71 To praye for his enemys and them that. .dyde
him dysease.
2. A condition of the body, or of some part or
organ of the body, in which its functions are dis-
turbed or deranged ; a morbid pe condition ;
‘a departure from the state of health, especially
when caused by structural change’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.).
Also applied to a disordered condition in plants,
(A gradual restriction of sense r, in early use only contex-
tual: cf. the similar use of ‘ trouble’ in dialects.)
a. ge. The condition of being (more or less
seriously) out of health; illness, sickness.
1393 Gower Conf. III. 35 He was full of such disese, That
he may nought the deth escape. ax400-50 Alexander
ay Ligeia fallen in a feuire .. Pai .. said ilkane to othire:
Be pis disese to ser Darie and his dukis knawen, He sall vs
«Surely encounbre. 1555 Even Decades Pref. to Rdr. (Arb.)
53 Least thy disease become vncurable. 46 THOMSON
Summer 1035 The dire power of mpestileait Giseases 1788
Gisson Dec?. § F. 1. (1846) V. ro The legions of Augustus
melted away in disease and lassitude. 1875 H. C. Woop
Therap. (2879) 21 Disease often fortifies the system against
the action of remedies. 1879 E.Garretr House by Works
II, 42 Suppressing d instead of curing it.
Ub. An individual case or instance of such a con-
dition ; an illness, ailment, malady, disorder.
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 38 Cured many di:
441
much sickness and diseases. 1602 Suaxs. Ham. w. iii. 9
Diseases, desperate growne, By ry rai bagel are re-
leeued. 167 Mitton Samson 618 My griefs .. pain me As
a lingering disease. 1765 A. Dickson 7rvat. Agric. viii,
(ed. 2) 83 The diseases of plants we may possibly do some-
thing to prevent, but we can do little to remove. 1847
Emerson Refr. Men, Montaigne Wks. (Bohn) I. 343 ‘To
entertain you with the reco.ds of his disease.
e. Any one of the various kinds of such condi-
tions; a species of disorder or ailment, exhibiting
special symptoms or affecting a special organ.
Often with defining words, indicating its nature, or derived
from the name of a person who has suffered from it, or of
the physician who first diagnosed it: e.g. Addison's disease,
a structural disease of the suprarenal capsules, resulting in
anzmia and loss of strength, and commonly characterized
by a brownish-olive discoloration of the skin (see BronzED
4)3 first described by Thomas Addison (1793-1860). Bad
disease, foul disease, names for syphilis (Syd. Soc. Lex.).
BLE disease, BRIGHT'S DISEASE, FIsH-sKIN disease, Foort-
AND-MOUTH DISEASE, FRENCH disease, PoTATO disease, etc.
see these words.
1460-70 Bk. Quindessence 18 Oure quinte essence auri et
perelarum heelith pese disesis, 1555 EDEN Decades 230
The disease of saynt Iob whiche wee caule the frenche
poxe. 165r Hosses Leviath. 1. xxix. 173 A Disease, which
resembleth the Pleurisie. 1725 N. St. Anpré in Lond.
Gaz. No. 6349/1 The .. Woman had the Foul Disease.
1727-5t Cuambers Cycl., Diseases of plants .. Mildew, a
kind of epidemical disease. 1799 Med. Fru/. II. 183 The
diseases of human teeth and bones. 1836 Penny Cycl, VI.
93/2 Cabbages are subject to a peculiar disease .. called
ehabbing. 1885 Law 7imes LX XIX. 161/2 The mare was
suffering from no catching disease.
3. fig. A deranged, depraved, or morbid condi-
tion (of mind or disposition, of the affairs of a com-
munity, etc.) ; an evil affection or tendency.
1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. xvi. xviii, A, a! said Counseyle,
doubte ye never a dele, But your disease I shal by wysdome
hele. 1 Suaks. 2 Hen. /V, 1. ii. 138 It is the disease of
not Listning, the malady of not Marking, that I am troubled
withall. 1607 Rowtanps Famous [1 ist. 57 Ambitious pride
hath been my youths disease. @ 1661 FuLLER Worthies,
Warwicksh., Bad Latin was a catching disease in that age.
1785 Frankun Lett. Wks. 1840 VI. 526 ‘The common
causes of the smoking of chimneys. .the principles on which
both the disease and the remedy depend. 1844 EmeERsoNn
Lect., New Eng. Ref. Wks. (Bohn) I. 266 The disease with
which the human mind now labours is want of faith.
4. Comb., as disease-germ, -maker ; disease-caus-
ing, -reststing, -spreading, etc., adjs.
1865 Tytor Early Hist. Man. vi. 128 In the New Hebrides,
there was a colony of disease-makers. 1883 Chamb. Frni.
27 What is known.. in regard to the nature of disease-
germs. 1886 A thenzum 7 Aug. 178/1 The coffee tree is the
patient, the fungus ..is the disease-causing agent. 1890
Daily News 22 Oct. 5/4 The disease-resisting potatoes.
Disease (dizi‘z), v. Forms: 4-5 dissese, 4-6
disese, 5 disees(e, -esse, -sease, -sase, dysese,
-esse, -sese, -sesse, desese, dessayse, deshese,
Sc. discese, 5-6 dys-, desease, 6 desesse, 7 dis-
cease, 5- disease. [a. AF. *dscaser, -ceser, -aeser,
for OF. desaazster to deprive of ease, f. desaise sb.,
after aatster, atser to EAsE.]
+1. trans. To deprive of ease, make uneasy; to
put to discomfort or inconvenience; to trouble,
annoy, incommode, molest. Ods.
c¢1340 Hampo.e Prose Tr. 41 Ouber for to put pe fra thi
mete or thi slepe..or for to disesse any oper mane vnskil-
fully. 1393 Gower Conf II. 8 In parte he was right inly
glad And eke in parte he was disesed. a1qz0 HoccLeve
De Reg. Princ. 754 It ruethe me, yf I have you disesede.
1§26 ‘Tinpate Mark v. 35 Thy doughter is deed: why
deseasest thou the master eny further? 1554 KNox Godly
Let, Aviij, He wold not disease hymself to heare a sermon.
1638 Cuitiincw. Relig. Prot. 1. iv. § 19. 200 That I should
disease myself or my Reader with a punctual examination
of it, may seem superfluous. 1697 ConcrevE Mourn, Bride
un. iv, What racking cares dis-ease a monarch’s bed.
+b. To disturb (from quiet, rest, or sleep). Obs.
01374 Cuaucer 77voylus ut. 1419 (1468) And sufferyst
hire [pe dawyng] to sone vp.. ryse ffor to disese loueris
in pis wyse. 1482 Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 34 Sum
what troubulde and disesyd by the noyse of the couent
when they went oute of the chirche. 1§68 Yacob §& Esau
1. i. in Hazl. Dodsley Il. 191 We disease our tent and
neighbours all With rising Over early. ¢x16x1 CHAPMAN
Iliad x. 45 Brother, hie thee to thy ships, and Idomen
dis-ease, With warlike Ajax. 1653 T. Battey Fisher xxii.
202 He was loath to disease him of his rest.
2. To bring into a morbid or unhealthy condition;
to cause illness, sickness, or disease in, to infect
with disease. Usually in pa. pple. DISEASED, q.v.
1467 [see Diseasep]. 1496 Dives §& Paup. (W. de W.) 1x.
vi. at He hurte his fote and dyseased all his bodye. 1577
B. Gooce Heresbach’s Husb. w. (1586) 191 Little children
diseased with the dry cough. 1888 J. Ets New Christianity
iv. 116 No other poison..so perverts, diseases, pollutes and
degrades a man. .as does alcohol.
Jig. @1637 B. Jonson Eng. Gram. Pref., We free our Lan-
guage .. from the opinion of Rudeness, and Barbarism,
wherewith it is mistaken to be diseas’d. c 1680 HICKERINGILL
Hist. Whiggism Wks. 1716 1. 143 Evil Ministers Disease the
Common-wealth. 1! Ae Ration, (1878) I. 375 Those
ghastly notions. . which. .diseased the imaginations. .of men.
Hence + Disea‘sing vi/. sb. and ffi. a. (in sense
1). Obs.
1558 Forrest Grysilde Sec. (1875) tor She was remoued,
to more diseasinge, Io a towne Cowemoulton. 1615 T.
omy ed Blacke Devill 30 A diseasing displeasi h to
hed into a ‘desert. 1628 WITHER
or sycknesses. 1: Latimer Serm. & Rem. (1845) II. 6
The ral a being within the city] be we ped I o
OL, . .
Brit. Rememb. wi. 147 In those diseasings, I more joy
received,
DISEASY.
Disease, obs. form of DEcEASE.
Diseased (dizizd), pp/. a. [f. prec. + -ED1.]
Affected with disease; in a disordered bodily con-
dition. Now usually of the bodily organs or fluids :
In an unhealthy or disordered state, infected.
1467 Mann. & Honseh. Exp. 173, 1 hame deshesed in
schweche weyse that I may nate ryde norre wel goo. 1540
Act 32 Hen. VIII, c. 42 § 4 Diseasid personnes .. infected
with the pestilence. x6rr Biste Yohn vi. 2 His miracles
which hee did on them that were diseased. 1801 Med.
3rnl. V. 113 The diseased heels of horses. 1842 TENNYSON
Voyage x, His eyes were dim: But ours he swore were all
diseased. 1846 G, E. Day tr. Simon's Anim. Chem. 11, 68
The most striking changes in the diseased milk are the
diminution of the solid constituents..and the extraordinary
increase of the salts.
absol. 1542-3 Act 34-5 Hen. VII/, c. 8. § x Surgions..
mindinge .. nothing the profit or ease of the disesed or
pacient. 1667 Mitton P. Z. x1. 480 A Lazar-house it seemd,
wherein were laid Numbers of all diseas'd.
b. Characterized by disease ; subject to disease
(quot. 1651); pertaining to or symptomatic of
disease ; morbid, unhealthy.
1574 Hywt Conject. Weather i, Then shall follow a dis-
eased yeare. 165 tr. Bacon's Life & Death g The Sheep
is a diseased Creature; And rarely lives to his full age.
1707 FLover Physic. Pulse- Watch ii. 188 Diseas’d Pulses
either exceed, or are deficient in respect of the natural Pulse
in Number..Strength, Celerity. 1797 M. Battie Aor.
Anat. (1807) p. vii, Whena person has become wellacquainted
with diseased appearances.
e. fig. In a disordered or depraved condition (of
mind, of affairs, etc.) ; pertaining to such a condi-
tion, morbid.
1608 I. James A fol. Wyclif6y The faultes of the diseased
Cleargie. 1611 Suaxs. Wint, 7.1. ii. 297 Good my Lord,
be cur’d Of this diseas'd Opinion, 1835 Lytton Aéenzi 1.
vi, he times are. .diseased. @1859 Macaucay //ist. Eng.
(1861) V. 104 The divines whose business was to sooth his
not less diseased mind.
Ilence Disea‘sedly adv., Disea’sedness.
1614 T. Apams Devil's Banguet 157 All men [catch] their
diseasedness by falling from their Christ. 1672 Baxter in
Life F. Alieine (1838) I. 8 He laid not out his zeal dis-
easedly. 1684 T. Burnet 72, Harth u. 184 That state of
indigency, and misery, and diseasedness, which we languish
under at present. 3829 Soutney in Q. Nev. XLI. 294 £
nervous system already diseasedly susceptible.
Disea‘seful, z. [f. Disease sb. +-FuL.]
+1. Fraught with discomfort, trouble, or annoy-
ance; troublesome. Ods.
to the 3ong waxynge man. — Fuuidyg. xiv.
@ 1626 Bacon Charge at
(T.) It is both disgraceful to the king, and disease
people, if the ways near about be not fair and good.
2. Full of or affected with disease; morbid,
diseased. Now rave.
1596 SrensER State /re?, (Globe) 646/2 His languishing
sowle being disquieted by his diseaseful bodye. 1624 Donne
Devot. (ed, 2) 261 This great hospital, this sick, this diseaseful
world. 1889 Tennyson Haffy ix, This coarse diseaseful
creature [a leper]. .
b. Causing or tending to disease, unwholesome.
1605 Timme Quersit. 1. xviii.g7 By the taking away of
the diseasefull impurities. 1762 J. Warton /’0ems, Enthu-
siast 82 Diseaseful dainties, riot and excess. .
Hence + Disea‘sefulness, discomfort, uneasiness.
1580 SIDNEY Arcadia 1. (1622) 300 The same consideration
made them attend all diseasefulnesse.
Disea‘seless, 2 rare. [f. Disease 5d. +
-LESS.] Free from disease.
1653 W. Jenxyn Fun. Sernt. (1654) 44 A strong, hayl,
vigorous, aselesse old age.
+ Disea‘sely, @. Ods. [f. Diseasr sb. +-L¥1.]
Affected with disease or sickness.
c1400 Test. Love 11. in Chaucer's Wks. (1542) 326a/2
A disesely habitacion letteth y* witte many thynges, &
namely in sorowe.
Disea:sement. [f. Disease v. +-MENT.]
+1. The action of depriving, or condition of being
deprived, of ease; uneasiness, discomfort. Ods.
a 1617 Bayne On Eph. (1658) 24 Men will content them-
selves with sorry lodzings and pass by little diseasements.
1664 H. More Myst. /nig. xvi. 172 With his back resting
on that bar, to his unspeakable diseasement. 1668 — Div,
Dial. v. xiv. (1713) 456 The State of Vice and Sin is a state
of Diseasement and Unnaturalness.
2. The condition of being affected with disease ;
ailment. s20s2ce-205¢.
1826 Lams Leff. (1888) II. 149 You'll be lost in a maze of
remedies for a labyrinth of diseasements.
+ Disea‘sify, v. Obs. rare. [f. next+-Fy.] To
cause disease. Hence Disea‘sifying ///. a.
1662 J. Cuannter Vax Helmont’s Oriat. 181 In an
Erisipelas .. the vitall Spirit being incensed, and as it were
provoked to anger by the diseasifying cause, waxeth ex-
ceeding hot. Jbid. 238.
+Disea'sy, a. Ods. [prob. a. AF. disatsé,
-eesé = OF. desaaisié, pa. pple. of desaazsier to
DISEASE: but possibly.an English formation from
disease, after easy.]
1. Marked by or causing discomfort or trouble ;
annoying, troublesome. :
1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 11 Canute wente unto
Denmark, ledynge Englisshe men wib hym a3enst_ pe
Wandales, bat war disesy [‘n/es¢os] unto hym. ¢ 1440 Gesta
Rom. viii. 22 (Harl. MS.), Strait and disesy is he wey bat
ledith to life. 1483 Cath, Ang?. 97/1 Desesy, nocuus.
56
4
DISEDGE.
2. Affected with,
disease ; diseased, unhealthy, morbid.
-¢1450 Loneticu Grail liv. 19 Al deseysy & ful syk he
wente. 1603 Hottanp P/utarch's Mor. 1. mi. 238 ) Like
diseasy, s! choler. 1674 R. Goprrey Jai-¢ Ab. Physic
Nature who before was weak, and admitted the Diseasy
‘x, will again expell it. .
‘Hence + Diseasiness Ods., morbid quality or
elements,
— R. Goprrey /ny. & Ab. Physic 126 Upon sight’ of a
full Close-stool and imagining all diseasiness in it.
+ Di,se'ct, v. Obs. [irreg. f. Di- 14 L. sect- ppl.
stem of secdre to cut: cf. déssect.] trans. To cut
asunder, to separate. by cutting.
1674 Jeake Arith. (1696) 22 As if in the former Example, 8
should be disected into 2.2.22. /did. 41 Expressed. . by two
termes. .disected as it were the one from the other.
Disedge (dise'dz), v. _[f. Dis- 7 a+ Epce sd.]
trans. To take the edge off: to deprive of its sharp-
ness ; to blunt, dull. Hence Dise-dged f//. a.
1611 Suaxs. Cy. 11. iv. 96 When thou shalt be disedg'd
by her, ‘hat now thou tyrest on. 1647 WARD Simp. Cobler
7, I hold him prudent, that in these fastidious times, will
heine disedged appetites with convenient condiments. —
Tennyson /i/ylls, Enid 1038 Served a little to disedge The
sharpness of that pain.
Disedification (dise:difikéi-fan). [n. of action
from Disepiry: cf. edify, edification.| The action
of disedifying; the reverse of edification; the
weakening of faith or devotion.
1664 H. More Afyst. /nig. xvii. 62 The dedicating of an
unknown Tongue to their Publick Prayers .. to the great
disedification of the People. 1836 Cot. Wiseman Lect.
Cath. Ch. (1847) 11. 74 The scandal and disedification com-
mitted before the Church. 1872 Contemp. Rev. XX. 725
That unhappy system of concealing truths which are sup-
posed to tend to disedification.
Disedify (disedifoi), v. [f. Dis- 6 + Epiry.]
trans, To do the reverse of edifying ; to shock or
weaken the piety or religious sense of.
1526 Vilyr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 58 Let euery thynge
that is done or spoken euer edyfye the, & no thynge to dis-
edyfye the. @1684 Lricuton Comm.1 Pet. v. 5 Were it
not for disedifying his brethren he would rather disguise and
hide not only other things by humility but even humility
itself. x C.E. A. Vung. Communicants (1848) 21 The
party of visitors .. were much surprised and disedified by
this scene in a convent schcol.
Hence Dis2'difying /f/. a., that disedifies, or
weakens faith or devotion.
1844 Lincarp A nglo-Sax. CA. (1858) I. iii. 97 [A] person of
light or disedifying deportment. 1874 Pusey Lent. Serm.
285 Gloominess is very disedifying, disennobling, paralysing.
1894 J. 1. Fowter Adamnan Pref. 11 Colgan has sum-
marized it, omitting ‘ disedifying’ passages.
Diseducate (disedivke't’, v. [f. Dis- 6 +
EpvucatE.] ¢vans. To undo or pervert the educa-
tion of.
1886 LowELt Gray Lit. Ess. (1891) 14 Educated at Eton
und diseducated. as he [Gray] seemed to think, at Cam-
bridge. 1887 Q. Rev. Oct. 274 The change of institutions
educates or diseducates men to think.
Disees(e, diseis, obs. ff. DecEASE, DISEASE.
+ Diseffe'ct, v. Ods. rare—1. [f. Dis- 6 or 7
+ Errect v. or sé.) ¢rans. To divest of an
effect.
1613 Tourneur Death Pr. Henrie 28 Nothing had the
might To diseffect his actions of delight ; No, nor his suf-
ferings.
Diselder, v.: see Dis- 7 b.
Diselectrify (dis/lektrifoi), v. [f Dis- 6 +
Execrriry.] /vans. To undo the electrified con-
dition of ; to render non-electric.
1876 Sin W. Tuomson Pof. Lect. (1889) I. 437 Moist cotton
thread will Sy diselectrify it. 1881 Philad. Rec. No.
3473 6 A method of diselectrifying dry wool. .and alpaca.
Hence Disele:ctrifica'tion, the action or process
of diselectrifying.
_ 1895 Atheneum 30 Mar. 412/1 bo Society..The follow-
ing are were read ..‘ The Diselectrification of Air’, by
Lord Kelvin and Messrs, M. McClean and A. Galt.
+ Dis-e‘lement, v. Oés. [f. Dis- 7c + Exe-
MENT.] ¢vans. To put (anything) out of its ele-
ment; to remove from its proper sphere of activity.
1612 W. Parkes Curtaine-Dr. (1876) 56 It cannot indure
to lie naked no more then the fish dis-elemented on the
shore. 1654 WuitLock Zootomia 449 How doth this fifth
Element [i.e. detraction] dis-element all the other foure?
1727 Philip Quarll(1754)184 A vast Number of which had,
by the Wind, been dis-elemented,
Diselenide (doaijselénaid), etc., Chem.: see
Dr- 2 2 and SELENIDE, etc.
1877 Warts Dict. Chem. V. 822 The diselenide or stannic
selenide, Sn Sez. 1881 /éid. VIII. 1787 A quantity of acid
sufficient for the formation of a diselenite. 1884 Humpince
tr. Kolbe's Inorg. Chem. 179 Diselenium dichloride, Ses Cl2,
is prepared in precisely the same manner as disulphur di-
chloride, which it closely resembles.
Disem-: see DIsEN-.
Disemba‘lm, v. rare—'. [Dis- 6.] ‘rans.
To undo the embalming of.
1858 O. W. Hoimes Aut. Break/.-t. (1883) 53 The disem-
balming and unbandaging of, . literary mummies.
Disemba‘rgo, v. [f. Dis- 7c + Emparco.]
trans. To release from embargo.
* 1877 Times 15 Mar. 5/6 General Urquiza .. successfully
besieged .. Buenos Ayres, and then disembargoed Rosa's
property,
aining to, or producing
442
Disembark (disémba-sk), v. Also 6-7 -em-,
-imbarque. [a. F. désembargue-r (1564 in Hatz.-
Darm.), or ad. It.désimbarcare, or Sp. desembarcdr ;
f. des-, Dis- 4+ the Common Rom. vb iméarcare,
embarcar, F.embarguer to EMBarK. Cf. DEBARK.]
1. trans, To put ashore from a ship; to land.
oe N. Licueriexp tr. Castanheda’s Cong. E. Ind. ii.7b,
When ours were disimbarked and landed. 1§91 Suaks.
Two Gent. u. iv. 187, I must vnto the Road, to dis-embarque
Some necessaries. 1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto's Trav. xvi. 5
I will not counsel you to disimbarque your goods on pe g
1838 Murray's Hand Bk. N. Germ. 293 To allow steam-
boats to. .embark and disembark their p 's at once,
trans. 1852 R. S. Surtees Sponge's Sp. Tour (1893) 76
Away went the train; and the. .railway staff .. returned to
disembark the horses.
+b. ref. =2. Obs.
1582 N. Licnerietp tr. Castanheda’s Cong. E, Ind. 79
Untill .. y* oe generall did disimbarke himselfe a
lande. x . CoGan tr. Pinto's Trav. viii. 24 Until our
arrival at Malaca, where dis-imbarquing my self, the first
thing I did was to go to the Fortress. .
2. intr. To go on shore from a ship; to land.
1582 N. Licnertecp tr. Cas/anheda’s Cong. E. Ind. ii. 6b,
The Generall being disimbarked and come to land. 1600
E. Biount tr. Conestaggio 28 Yet did he stay eight daies in
the Port, and never disimbarked. 1659 B. Harris Parival’s
Iron Age 323 The Commander had leisure to disimbark and
enter the Town. 179x Cowrer Odyss. 1. 15 The Ithacans
Push’d right ashore, and... disembark'd. 1859 TENNYSON
Merlin & V..200 Touching Breton Sands, they disembark'd.
Hence Disemba rking vé/. sb.
1611 CotGr., Desembarguement, a disembarking. 1632
J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 144 He ranne hastily to
the shore to hinder their disembarking. 1653 H. Cocan tr.
Pinto's Trav. ix. 27 To impeach the Enemies dis-im-
barquing. attrib. 1895 Daily News 9 Feb. 8/4 Special
Continental embarking and disembarking water stations.
Disembarka'tion. [f. Disempark v., after
embark, -ation.) The action of disembarking.
a1776 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. (1790) HI. xxviii. (Jod.) No
proper measures were yet consulted for their disembark-
ation. 1808 Convent. Evac. Portugal § 20 in Napier
Penins. War (1828) 1. App. p. xliii, On the disembarkation
of the French troops in their own country. 1855 MacauLay
Hist. Eng. 11. 651 Tourville determined to try what effect
would be produced by a disembarkation.
+ Disemba'rkment. 0és. [a. F. désembar-
quement (1564 in Hatz.-Darm.), f. désembarquer
to DISEMBARK : see -MENT.] =prec.
1598 Barret Theor. Warres vy. i. 122 The disembarkment
should haué beene betwixt the city and.. Castle. 1659 B.
Harris Parival’s [ron Age 97 The English Fleet made a
descent or disembarkment in the Isle of Ree in. . July 1627.
Disembarrass (disémbe'ris), v. [f. Dis- 6
+ EMBARRASS v.: prob. after F. désembarrasse-r
‘to vnpester, disintangle, rid from intricatenesse,
or troubles’ (Cotgr.). Cf. also DeBARRASS.] ‘vans.
To free from embarrassment, encumbrance, compli-
cation, or intricacy ; to rid; to relieve: cf, EMBAR-
RASS.
1726 Berxerey Let. fo Prior 6 Feb., 1 hope... that you
will have disembarrassed yourself of all sort of business that
may detain you here. 1727 Brapiey Fam. Dict. s.v. Corn,
They steep the Corn .. for three Days, that it may swell up,
and that the Germes may open, dilate, and be disembar-
rassed. 1751 SmMottetr Per. Pic. (1779) LI. Ixiii. 207 As-
sistance. .in disembarassing him from the disagreeable con-
sequences of his fear. 1820 Scorr Adéot i, When he had
disembarassed the little plaything [a boat) from the flags in
which it was entangled. pr be E. R. Conver Bas. Faith ii.
63 We may at once disembarrass ourselves of those formid-
able terms—‘ absolute’ and ‘ unconditioned ’.
b. To disentangle (one thing from another).
1742 Warsurton Comm. Pope's Ess. Man 1. 197 Though
it difficult to distinguish genuine virtue from spurious
.. yet they may be disembarrased. 1864 J. G. Nicots in
Herald & Genealogist 11, 458 One of the earliest results
.. is to disembarrass the biography of Serlo .. from that of
another monk of the same name.
Hence Disemba‘rrassed ///. a., unhampered.
1741 Betterton (Otpys] Eng. Stage vi. 109 By pronounc-
ing it trippingly on the Tongue, he means a clear and dis-
embarrass’ Pronunciation,
Disemba‘rrassment. [f. Disemparrags v.
+ -MENT, after embarrass, -ment.] The action of
disembarrassing or fact of being disembarrassed ;
freedom from embarrassment.
1818 in Topp. 182at Coreripce Lett, Convers. etc. I. xv.
163 The pl ici from disemb 1862
Merivate Rom. Emp. (1871) V. xli. 78 The disembarrass-
ment of the limbs, the elasticity of the circulation.
Disembattle (disémbet’l), v. rare. [f. Dis-
6+EmBartLe v.1] ¢rans. To deprive of battle-
ments, make no longer embattled. Hence Disem-
battled /. a.
1875 H. James Transatlantic Sketches 9 It is the
gentlest and least offensive of ramparts..without a frown
or menace in all its disembattled stretch.
+ Disembay (<isémbé''), v. Ods. [f. Dis- 6
+Empay v.] /rans. To bring out of a bay.
1651 Suersurne Poems, Forsaken Lydia (T.), The fair
inamorata who from far Had spy'd the ship .. now quite
disembay’d, Her cables coiled, and her anchors weigh'd.
Disembed (disémbe'd), v. [f. Dis- 6 + Empep.]
trans. To liberate (something embedded).
1885 Leeds Mercury 10 Dec. 4/4 A train is snowed up
near Fraserburgh, and there was no hope last evening of
being able to disembed it. 1893 Daily News 16 Dec. 5/3
There were 200,000 blocks of stone to be disembedded,
DISEMBOGUE,
‘Disembellish (disémbelif), 7. [f. Dis- 6 +
EMBELLISH; app. after F. désemdelliss- extended .
stem of désembellir ( -).] trans. To deprive
of embellishment or adornment.
1611 Corcr., Desembellir, to disimbellish, disfigure. 1624
UARLES Sion's Sonn. i. 5 What if Afflictions doe dis-embel-
lish My naturall glorie? 183 Cartyte Sart. Res. 1. x.
eee. not that the reign of wonder is done, and
od’s world all disembellished and prosaic. Brownixnc
Aristoph. Apol. 131 Embellish fact? This may disem-
bellish yet improve !
Disembi ,v. rare—', [Dis-6.] ¢rans.
To undo the embittering of, to free from bitterness.
| 1622 [See Dissweeten]. 1716 Appison / a .)Such
as may disembitter the minds of men.
Disemble, obs. form of DISSEMBLE,
Disemboca‘tion. vare—’. ‘des desembocdr
to DIsEMBOGUE : see -ATION.] . The action of dis-
em Ing.
x ‘orp Gatherings fr. Spain iii. 24 The .. water .. is
carried off at once in violent floods, rather than in a gentle
gradual disembocation. v
Disembodied (disémbgdid), A/a. [f. Dis-
EMBODY + -ED 1,]
1. Divested (as a spirit) of a body; freed from
that in which it has been embodied.
1742 Younc Nt. Th, 11. 452 The disembody’d power. 1796
Morse Amer. Geog. 1. x35 The disembodied spirit does not
enter dancing into the Elysian fields, 1835 THirtwaLt
Greece 1. vi. 197 Orion .. chasing the disembodied beasts,
which he had killed on the mountains, over the hode
meadow. 1872 Loncr. Michael Angeio ul, ii. 10 Sudden as
inspirations, are the whispers Of disembodied spirits.
2. Discharged from military incorporation.
1882 Pesopy Eng. Yournalism xxiii. 180 He owned the ..
uniform he wore to be that of the late disembodied ‘ militia’.
Disembodiment (disémbg'dimént). [f. next
+-MENT.] The action of disembodying: a. Sepa-
ration (of a spirit) from the body. b. Disbanding
(of a body of soldiers).
1860 tr. Tieck’s Old Man of Mountain (L.), A rapid and
noisy disembodiment of souls and spirits now followed.
1871 Daily News 7 Sept., The militia as a whole have much
to learn .. but..they will learn much before the time comes
for their disembodiment. 1884 Ch. Times 29 Aug. 631 Dis-
embodiment is a death out of manhood.
Bisembody (disémbg di), v. [f. Dis- 6 +
Empopy.] -
1. “rans. To separate (a soul) from the body; to
deliver or free (anything) from the form in which
it is embodied.
1714 Appison Sfect. No. 571 Pg Our souls, when they are
disembodied is wal .. be always sensible of the pa nt
sence, 1873 Symonps Grk. Poets x. 339 Disembodying the
sentiments which were incarnated in simple images. 877
Sparrow Serv, xiv. 186 So attuned was his [Enoch’s] sou!
to heavenly things .. that it was not thought fit to disem-
body it.
2. To discharge from military embodiment, as
in the case of the militia at the close of each
annual period of a :
1762 Act 2 Geo. /11, c. 20 (T.) If the same [corps] shall be
embodied, then, within two months after, it shall be dis-
embodied, and returned to the respective counties. 1769
Lloyd's Evening Post 27-30 Oct. 413/3 On Friday the
Hertfordshire Militia were disembodied at St. Alban’s.
m e (disémbéug),v. Forms: 6 des-
emboque, 6-7 disem-, -imboque, 7 disem-,
disim-, -boke, -boake, -boge, dissemboque,
-8 disimbogue, dissembogue, 6- disembogue.
fin 6 disemboque, ad. Sp. desemboc-ar ‘to come out
of the mouth of a river or hauen’ (Minsheu 1599) :
f. des-, Dis- 4 + embocar ‘to runne as the sea into
a creeke or narrow river’ (ibid.) ; f. ew in + boca
mouth: cf. F. emboucher, and sce EMBoGvuE.]
+1. intr. To come out of the mouth of a river,
strait, etc. into the open sea. Oés.
1595 Maynarve Drake's Voy. (Hakl. Soc.) 20 Sir Thomas
ervile ,, talked with such as hee hearde intended to
uite companie before they were disembogued. 1
Ramon Discov, Guiana 18 He was inforced to desembogue
at the mouth of the said Amazones. 1613 Voy. Guiana in
Harl. Misc. (Malh.) III, 203 We disembogued through the
broken i is on the north side of Anguilla. 1633 T.
Srarrorp Pac. Hid, viii. (1821) : Neither could they
disimboge from thence without an Easterly winde.
+b. ¢rans. with the strait, etc. as object. Ods.
1622 R. Hawkins Voy. S. Sea (1847) 117 Another channell,
by which a man may disemboake the straite. /é/d. 128
We set sayle once againe, in hope to disemboke the straite ;
but. . before we came to the mouth of it, the wind changed.
2. intr. Of a river, lake, etc.: To flow out at the
mouth; to discharge or empty itself; to flow
into,
1598 Haxcuvt Voy. 1.104 The riuer of Volga. .issueth from
the North part of Bulgaria. .and. .disimboqueth into a cer-
tain lake. 1661 Evetyn Fumifuginm Misc. Writ. (1805) 1.
233 As far as any fresh waters are found disem into
the Thames. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat, Hist, (1862) I. xiv. 75
The Danube disembogues into the Euxine by seven m
1871 Browninc Hervé Riel vi, "Twixt the offing here and
Greve where the river disembogues, 4
3. fig. and transf. To come forth as from a river's
mouth, to ames ; to discharge itself as a river.
1619 Fiercuer M/. Thomas ut. i, Those damn’d souls
must disembogue again. 1670 Moral State Eng. 134 With
that one of the Company disembogueth. 1823 De Quincey
Lett. Educ. iii. (1860) 49 The presses of Europe are still
DISEMBOGUE.
disemboguing into the ocean of literature. 1868 G. Durr
Pol. Surv. 222 Hungry as wolves, swift and sudden as a
torrent from the mountains, they disembogued.
4. trans, Of a river, lake, etc. : To discharge or
pour forth (its waters) at the mouth; 7¢/. to dis-
charge or empty itself.
‘3620 Hottann Camden's Brit. u. 10 [The Tweed] passeth
under Berwick .. and so disembogeth it selfe into the Sea.
1686 PLor Stafforiish. 64 Vhe immense quantities of water
that are disembogued into the Sea by all the Rivers. _1715-
20 Pore //iad xvil. 311 Where some swoln river dissem-
es his waves. 1829 SoutHEy /uscriptions xlv, Where
wild Parana disembogues A sea-like stream. 1840 De
Quincey Essenes Wks. X. 272 A great river. .disemboguing
itself into main ocean. :
b. fig. and transf. To discharge, pour forth ; to
empty by pouring forth the contents.
ay Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 13 She was ..of a
most Noble and Royall extract by Her Father. .for on that
side there was disimbogued into her veines .. the very
abstract of all the greatest houses in Christendome. 1687
Drvven Hind §& P. u. 562 Whom, when their home-bred
honesty is lost, We disembogue on some far Indian coast.
1765 Fatconer Demagogue 401 Methinks I hear the bellow-
ing demagogue Dumb-sounding declamations disembogue.
1837 CartyLe Fr. Rev. I. v. ii, Paris disembogues itself ..
to witness, with grim looks, the Séance Royale.
absol, 1742 Younc Nt. Th, 111. 220 Volcano’s bellow ere
they disembogue.
+e. To dislodge by force, to drive out. Ods.
1625 Frercuer & Suirtey Nt. Walker v, If I get in
adoors, not the power o’ th’ countrey .. shall disembogue
me. 1632 MassincerR A/aid of Hon. u. ii, Conduct me to
The lady of the mansion, or my poniard Shall disembogue
thy soul. SyZ. O terrible ! disembogue !
Hence Disembo‘gued ///. a., furnished with
ready outlet.
1669 Address hopeful Yng. Gentry Eng. 91 Wit .. needs
[not] to call a Deity down upon the stage, to make its way
open and disembogued.
+Disembo'gue, 53. Os. [f. the vb.] The
place where a river disembogues ; the mouth.
1626 Capt. SmitH Accid. Yung. Seamen 18 [Tearmes for
the Sea] Disimboage, a gulph, the froth of the sea. 1689
G. Harvey Curing Dis. by Expect. xii. 79 Hammersmith-
water .. being too near the disimbogue of the Thames,
Disembo'guement. [f. as prec. + -MENT.]
The action or place of disemboguing.
a@1828 MrasE cited in Webster. 1851S. Jupp Margaret 11.
ii. (1871) 198 Neither rock nor night, inundation or ultimate
disemboguement, disturbed my little joyous babble. 1862
Borrow Wild Wales 111. 286 Aber. .is the disemboguement,
and wherever a place commences with Aber, there .. does a
river flow into the sea, or a brook .. into a river.
Disembo'guing, //. sd. [f. as prec. +-1NG1.]
The action of the verb DisemMBoGuE; the place
where a river, etc. disembogues.
1605 CampEeN Rem. (1637) 312 At the disemboging, or
inlet thereof. a164z2 Sir W. Monson Naval Tracts 1.
(1704) 191/2 Their disimboguing in the Indies. 1698 FroceR
Voy. Pref. Aiv, Reforming the Charts .. of the disembogu-
ings of the Isles of Antilles. 1799 W. Tooke View Russian
Emp. 1.160 From its origin to its disemboguing into the
Oby. 1856 Miss Mutock 3. Halifax 399 In its disem-
boguing of its contents.
embo'guing, #//. a. [f. as prec. + -ING?.]
That disembogues or discharges its waters.
1725 Pore Odyss. 1v. 480 The deep roar of disemboguing
Nile. 1728 — Dunc. 1. 259 To where Fleet-ditch with
disemboguing streams, Rolls the large tribute of dead dogs
to Thames.
+Disembo'gure. Oés. rare. [f. as prec. +
-URE.] ‘The place where a river, etc. disembogues.
1653 Hotcrorr Procopius iv. 122 The Natives call this
disembogure, Tanais, which reaches from Meotis to the
Euxine.
Disembo'som, v. [f. Dis- 6 + Emposom.]
trans, To cast out or separate from the bosom;
to disclose, reveal, (Cf. DisBosom.)
1742 Younc Nt. Th. 1x. 2350 He .. Who, disembosom’d
from the Father, bows ‘The heav'n of heav'ns, to kiss the
distant earth! 1878 Browninc La Saisiaz 21 Throb of
heart, beneath which .. Treasure oft was disembosomed.
b. vefl. and intr. To disclose what is in one’s
bosom, unburden oneself.
1767 Babler 1. 226 Miss Lambton .. thought it best to dis-
em m herself entirely, and thus went on, 1858 Sat. Rev.
VI. 73/1 The irresistible desire to disembosom oneself had its
way. 1884 STEVENSON in Lougm. Mag. 1V. 80 What manner
of man this was to whom we disembosomed.
Hence Disembo‘soming v4/. sb.
31836 F. Manoney Rel. Father Prout (1859) 75 In the
disembosomings of feeling and the perennial flow of soul.
Disembow‘el, v. [f. Dis- 6 + Empowet z. (in
sense 3); but in sense 1 app. only an intensive of
DIsBowEL.]
ike trans. To remove the bowels or entrails of;
to eviscerate; also, to rip up so as to cause the
bowels to protrude.
1613-8 Danie Coll. Hist. Eng. (1626) 124 The Kin
Physition disimbowelled his body, 1772-84 Coox Vay. VI.
mi. i. (R.) Soon after their deat they are disembowelled,
iP aederd the intestines and other viscera out. 1872 BAKER
Vile Tribut. x. 159 The infuriated animal disembowelled
him before his son's eyes. 1875 J. Curtis Hist. Eng. 148
While yet alive, he was..disembowelled and quartered,
b. ¢ransf. and jig.
1603 [see DisEMBoWELLING below]. 1742 Younc Vt. Th.
vi. 79% Earth’s disembowel’d! measur'd are the Skies !
1870 Spurceon 77reas. Dav. Ps. 1. 17 They disembowel
texts of their plain meanings.
448
2. To take out of the bowels.
v. 3.)
ag J. Puips Splendid Shilling 78 So her disembowell’d
web Arachne in a hall or kitchen spreads, Obvious to
vagrant flies.
Hence Disembo'welled ///. a., Disembo'wel-
ling v/. sb. and ff/. a. ; also Disembo'welment,
the act of disembowelling.
1603 FLorio Mosistene 1. xxv. (1632) 83 High swelling
and heaven-disimbowelling words. 1727-46 THomson S7z72-
mer 778 Cataracts that sweep From Aer bawelled Earth
the virgin gold. 1746 W. Horsey /ool (1748) I. 77 No. 11
1 The Ripping up and Disembowelling of the dead Bodies.
1826 Scott Woodst. xxix, The disembowelling of the deer.
1875 Contemp. Rev. XXYV. 262 The city is for ever under-
going disembowelment. ;
Disembow'er, v. [f. Dis- 6 + EmBower.]
trans. To remove or set free from a bower.
1856 Bryant Poems, Ages xxxii, Streams numberless, that
many a fountain feeds, Shine, disembowered. :
+Disembra‘ce, v. Olds. [f. Dis- 6 + Em-
BRACE v.], ¢vans. a. To refrain or withdraw from
embracing. b. To undo embracing or the embraces
of anything. Hence Disembra‘cing ///. a.; also
Disembra‘cement, the act of disembracing.
1638 Mayne Lucian (1664) 187 They bedust one another,
to hinder dis-imbracements..and by drying his body, to
strengthen his hold on his adversary. 1641 J. SHERMAN
Grk. in Temple 21 The teacher of the Gentiles instructeth
us Christians not to disembrace goodness in any, nor truth
in any. 1775S. J. Prarr Liberad Opin. (1783) 1. 192 Torn
away by the disembracing grasp of death.
+ Disembra‘ngle, v. Ovs. [f. Dis- 6+ Em-
BRANGLE.] ¢rans. To free from embranglement
or complication ; to disentangle.
1726 Berkecey Let, to Prior 19 July Wks. 1871 IV. 130
The difficulty of disembrangling our affairs with Partinton.
Ibid. 12 Nov. 137 For God's sake disembrangle these
matters, that I may once be at ease to mind my other affairs.
Disembroil, v. [f. Dis- 6 + Emproit; cf.
Sp. desembrollar (Minsheu) ; also 16th c. F. des-
broutller.| trans. 'To free from embroilment or con-
fusion ; to extricate from confusion or perplexity,
to disentangle. :
1622 Masse tr. Aleman's Guzman d' Alf. 1. 137 To dis-
imbroyle our selues of this troublesome businesse. 1681 Char.
Lllustr. Court-Favourite 16 The knowledg of things past
.. That Light which disembroils the intrigues of the Court.
oe Warsurton Div. Legat. 11.142 To disembroil a Subject
that seems to have perplexed even Antiquity. 1830 Mac-
KinTosH Eth, Philos. Wks. 1846 I. 72 It is little wonderful
that Cumberland should not have disembroiled this ancient
and established confusion. 1868 Drowninc Ring §& Bk. v1.
22 Let him but decently disembroil himself, Scramble from
out the scrape.
+ Disembrute, v. 04s. [Dis- 6.] trans. To
deliver from an embruted or brutalized condition ;
to debrutalize.
ar H. Brooke Fool of Qual.(1859) I.71(D.) Of anumerous
op. . he [Peter the Great] disembruted every one except
imself. ;
Disembu'rden, -bu'rthen, v. [See Disey-,
DisEmM-, and BurpEN v.] =DIsBURDEN. Hence
Disemtu'rdening 7v4/. sé.
1790-1810 ComBe Devil upon Two Sticks (1817) VI. 282
Of all its affairs he has disemburthened himself. 1855
Browninc Ira Lipfo Lippt, Never was such prompt dis-
emburdening. 1884 Law 7imtes 27 Sept. 361/1 The local
courts should be disemburdened of non-contentious business.
Disemic (doi,s7mik), a. [f. L. d#sémus disyl-
labic, a. Gr. dionuos of doubtful quantity (f. 5:-
(Di- 2) twice + ofa a sign) +-10.] In Gr. and Z.
Prosody: Of the value of two morz or units of
time (cf. TRISEMIC), In recent Dicts.
+Disempa‘re, v. Ols. rare. [a. OF. desem-
pare-r, {. des-, DIS- 4 + emparer to possess, get
possession of.] ¢vazs. To dispossess.
cxsoo Melusine xxix. 215 My brother.. thou wylt so
dysempare & putte out fro his royaume,
isempassioned, yar. D1sIMPASSIONED.
+Disempe'ster, v. Os. Also disim-. [f.
Dis- 6 + Empester v.] ¢rans. To rid of that
which pesters or plagues.
1613 Daniet Coll. Hist. Eng. 104 To unburthen_his
charge, and dis-impester his Court, 1654 Trapp Com. Neh,
ii, 4 That the Church might be disempestered of Arians.
+Dise‘mpire, v. O¢s. rare. [f. Dis- 7¢ +
Empire.] ¢vavs. To deprive of the imperial power.
161r Speep Hist. Gt. Brit, 1x. viii. (1632) 576 Otho, whom
this yery Pope. .had both. -aduanced, and. .dis-empyred.
Disemploy (disémploi:), v. rave. Also 7 -im-
ploy. [f. Dis- 6 + Emptoy v.] ¢rans. To cease
to employ, dismiss from, or throw out of, employ-
ment,
31618 Botton Florus 1v. ii. 266 The Senate consulted to
disemploy Caesar. 1642 Jer. Taytor Zfysc. (R.), If per-
sonal defailance be thought reasonable to disimploy the
whole calling, then neither clergy nor laity should ever
serve a prince. 1886 O. Lopce /nang. Addr. in L’pool
Univ. Coll. Mag. 139, Their fellows employing them or
disemploying them as it suits their convenience.
Hence Disemploy’ed f//. @., not employed, out
of employment, unemployed. ;
165 Jer, Taytor Holy Living (1727) 13 Sins and irregu-
larities .. which usually creep upon idle, disemployed and
curious persons, 1669 WoopHEap S?. Teresa 1, xviii. 1
No one of them is so dis-employed as..to be able to atten
(Cf. EMBOWEL
DISENCHANT.
to anything else. 1807 W. TayLor in Ann. Rev. V. 187
The disemployed, the unnecessary, the superfluous poor.
1893 Columbus (Ohio) Disp. 22 Mar., There is very little
disemployed labor in the country.
Disemploy‘ment. vave. [f. prec. + -MENT.]
Absence or withdrawal of employment.
1651 Jer. Taytor Holy Living i. § 1. (1727) 8 In this glut
ofleasure and disemployment. 1893 Columbus (Ohio) Disp.
7 Aug., This action is leading to some disemployment of
labor at eastern works. _
Disempow‘er, z. 7a7e. [f. D1s- 6 + Empower.]
trans. Yo divest or deprive of power conferred.
1813 T. Bussy Lucretius 1. Comm. xii, If. .he can confuse
the brain and disempower the understanding. 1858 Busu-
NELL Nat. & Supernat. iii. (1864) 68 He is disabled, disem-
powered, reduced in tone.
Disem prison, var. DIsImPrRIson.
Disen-, disem-. Verbs in «s- are sometimes
in sense negative or privative of those in e-, e7- :
e.g. en-franchise, dis-franchise; generally, how-
ever, verbs in em- or ev- have dzs- prefixed, as in
dis-embarrass, dts-engage, dis-entwine. In not a
few cases, both forms occur; e.g. désbowel = dts-
embowel, disfranchise = disenfranchise. Forms in
disem- and dtsen- are found even where no verbs in
em- or en- appear, as in disemburden, disenhallow,
disenravel,
Disenable (disénéi-b'l), v. Also 6-7 -inable.
[f. Dis- 6+ EnaBue.] ¢rans. To render unable or
incapable; to disable: the reverse of enable.
1604 T. WricHt Passions vi. 346 By sinnes we are..
wounded in nature, disenabled to goodnes, and incited to
ilnes. 1608 Hieron Defence 1. 197 Bellarmin, by rejecting
their testimonies in parte, disinableth them in the whole.
1651 Fuller's Abel Rediv., Bradford 188 The Palsie .. for
eight yeers together disinabled him from ridi 1690 Secr.
Hist. Chas. 11 & Yas. If, 110 A Bill to disinable him to
inherit the Imperial Crown of the Realm, 1811 Lama £dax
on Appetite, | am constitutionally disenabled from that
vice. 1873 LoweLL Among my Bks. Ser. u. 220 [This]
makes all the personages puppets and disenables them for
being characters.
absol. 1642 Futter Holy & Prof. St.1. xv. 48 Neither doth
an apprentiship extinguish native, nor disinable to acquisitive
Gentry. 1658-9 Burton's Diary (1828) 111. 434 By the Act
of Oblivion they are pardoned, but it is your law in being
that does disenable.
Hence Disena‘bled ///. a., Disena‘bling 74/.
sb.; also Disena‘blement, the action of disen-
abling or fact of being disenabled.
r61r Sprep Hist. Gt, Brit, 1x. xvi. 57 By his deserued
death, and the disenablement of his sonnes. 1613 Jackson
Creed \. ut. xi. [xxvill.] § 1.175 For disinabling of this Nation
from effecting what he feared. 1641 Mitton Reform. 1.
(1851) 8 To set their hands to the disinabling and defeating
..of Princesse Mary. 1663 Defos. Cast. York (Surtees) 113
She , . was soe infirme and disenabled, that [etc.].
Disena‘ct, v. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + Enacrt.]
trans. To annul that which is enacted ; to repeal.
Hence Disena‘ctment, the repeal of an enactment.
16st N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. xxiv. (1739) 110 And
did build and pull down, enact and disenact. 1859 SmiLEs
Self-help 2 The chief reforms of the last fifty years have
consisted mainly in abolitions and disenactments.
Disena‘mour, v. [f. Dis- 6 + Examour:
cf. F. désenamour-er (16th c. in Hatz.-Darm.)
and It. dés’unamorare.| trans. To free from
being enamoured ; to put out of conceit. Hence
+ Disena‘moured ///. a.
1598 Fiorio, Sxamorarsi, to disinamour, to fall in dislike,
Snamoratos?, disinamored, falne in dislike. 1620 SHELTON
Quix. IV. xviii. 144 He makes Don Quixote disenamour’d
of Dulcinea del Toboso.
+Disenca‘ge, v. Oés. In 7 disin-. [D1s-6.]
trans. To liberate as from a cage; to Discace.
ee Gayton Pleas. Notes 1. xxii. 274 The Don is disin-
cage
+ Disenca‘mp, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 6 + Encamp.]
zutr, To move one’s camp; to DECAMP.
1652 Cokaine tr. Calprenede’s Cassandra 1. 40 Seeing
the Army disencampt. 1658 J. Wess tr. Calprenede's Cleo-
patra vii. ii, 142 Then giving order for the march, she
disencamped, the next morning, towards Dacia.
Disenchai'n, v. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + Encnary:
cf. F. désenchainer (16th c. in Littré).] ¢vans. To
set free from chains or restraint; to reverse the pro-
cess of enchaining. Hence Disenchai‘ned ///. a.
1849 Por Eros § Charmion Wks. (1888) 145 Why need
I paint, Charmion, the now disenchained frenzy of mankind?
1856 Masson /ss., 7h. Poetry 419 Idealizations of what might
be. .not copied from nature, but imagined and full fashioned
by the soul of man, and thence disenchained into nature.
Disenchant (disén,tfa‘nt), v. Also 7-8 disin-.
[ad. F. désenchanter (13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), f.
des-, Dis- 4+ enchanter to ENCHANT; cf. It. désin-
cantare, Sp. desencantar.] trans. To set free from
enchantment, magic spell, or illusion.
@ 1586 Sipney (J.), Alas! let your own brain disenchant
you. 1659 Gentil. Calling Pref. 4 Reason and Religion will
ield you countercharms, able to disinchant you. —
Dewour K. Arthur w. Wks, 1884 VIII. 187 A noble stroke
or two Ends all the charms, and disenchants the grove.
1759 Gotpsm. Bee 13 Oct. Happiness No reading or study
had contributed to disenchant the fairy-land around him.
cx8s0 Arab, Nis. (Rtldg.) 612 Go and solicit the young
enchantress, who has d this phosis, to disen-
chant her. 1874 Green Short Hist. viii. § 2. 478 He had
disenchanted his people of their blind faith in the Crown,
56*-2
DISENCHANTED.
Disencha-nted, ///. a. [f. prec. +
Freed from enchantment or illusion.
1611 Cotcr., D hanté, disinch d. 1682 Drypen
Medall 180 Nor are thy disinchanted Burghers few.
Younc Mt. 7h. 1. 346 ‘The disinchanted earth Lost all her
lustre, 1 Dickens Nich. Nick. xxx, A crest-fallen,
dispirited, disenchanted man.
encha‘nter. [f. as prec. + -ER1.] One
who removes enchantment.
1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes ut. viii. 119 Disinchanters of Ne-
gromancers, disrobers of gypsies. 1831 [see DiseNcHAN-
rRess}). 1862 Mrs. OuipHanr Mortimers 1. 253 Harry..
gazed with open eyes and mouth at the disenchanter.
anting, v2/. sb. [f. as prec. + -ING1.]
Deliverance from enchantment.
_ 1620 SHELTON pees III. xxxv. 252 He may .. do all that
is fitting for her Disenchanting. 1718 Motreux Quéx. (1892)
1].xxxv.268 May you and your disenchanting go to the devil.
Disencha‘nting, ///. a. [f.as prec. + -1NG 2.]
That disenchants. Hence Disencha-ntingly adv.
1755 YounG Cextaur vi. 221 At the touch of my disen-
chanting pen. 1 Nona Bettairs Wayside Fi. vi. 69
History comes with its disenchanting wand. 1886 R. Dow-
unc Fatal Bonds |. xi. 219 He was disenchantingly opaque.
Disencha‘ntment. [f. Disencuant v. +
-MENT, after enchantment: cf. ¥F. désenchantement
(17th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).] The action of disen-
chanting or fact of being disenchanted.
1620 SHELTON Quix. 1V. xxii. (R.), All concluded in the
promise ..of the disenchantment. 1675 (¢it/e), O Brazile,
or the inchanted Island; being a Relation of a late Dis-
covery of the Dis-inchantment of an Island in the North of
Ireland. 1794 Matutas Purs. Lit. (1798) 118 All the con-
jurers .. might assist at the disinchantment. 1876 Geo.
Exior Dan. Der, 111. xxvi, This general disenchantment with
the world.,only intensified her sense of forlornness.
Disencha‘ntress. [f. DiseNCHANTER + -ESS.]
A female disenchanter.
1831 CartyLe Sart, Kes. u,v, Neither Disenchanter nor
Disenchantress. .can abide by Feeling alone.
Disencha‘rm, v. vac. Also 7 -in-. [f. Dis-
6+EncHarM.] ¢rans. To deliver from a charm.
1651 Jer. Taytor Serm. for Year 11. i. 9 The fear of a Sin
had disincharmed him. 1884 Browninc Ferishtah 143
A chill wind disencharms All the late enchantment !
+ Disencloi‘ster, v. Ods.rare—?. [f. Dis- 6
+ EncLoister v.) trans. To set free from clois-
tered confinement and seclusion.
1652 Bentowes 7heoph. iw. \xxxvii, Let her still Enjoy
her disencloystred fill In these high Extasies,
+ Disenclo:se, v. 04s. rare. Also 7 -inclose.
[f Dis- 6 + EncLose v.] ¢rans. To throw open
(that which is enclosed) ; to do away with the en-
closure of. Hence Disenclo'sed /#/. a.
x61r Cotcr., Desclorre, to disparke, vnclose ; disinclose,
pull downe hedges orinclosures. 1669 WoopHEAD S¥, Jeresa
1. vii. 33 Neither is this Monastery also of the most open
and dis-enclosed.
+ Disencou'rage, 7. Oés. [f. Dis- 6 + En-
couRAGE, Cf, Discourace.] frams. To deprive
of encouragement; to DiscouRaGE.
1626 in Rushw. ///st. Coll. (1659) I. 371 To disencourage
all opposers. 1710 STEELE 7'atler No, 26 P 6 Yet that must
not disencourage you. 1800 Map. D'ArsLay Diary § Lett.
(1846) VI. 243 The world has acknowledged you my off-
spring, and I will disencourage you no more. 1803 /éid. 325.
Hence + Disencow raging, ///. a. ; also + Dis-
encou'rager Olds.
1716 M. Davies Athen, Brit. 11. To Rdr. 14 As great ..
Disencouragers as our Bibliopolists prove to learned Poverty.
a 1806 C, J. Fox Hist. James I] (1808) 27 The most com-
pletely disencouraging example that history affords.
+ Disencowragement. 0és. Also 7 -in-.
[f. prec. ; cf. encouragement.) Lack or withdrawal
of encouragement; disheartenment, discourage-
ment.
1598 Barret Theor. Warres i. ii. 71 The effect whereof
shall breede .. disencouragement, and weakening to the
enemy. 1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 56 Neither
should her present humor give you [a suitor] any cause of
Ot Win hai 1668 EtnEreDGE She wou'd t/ she cou'd
1. i, Wks. (1723) 90 The utter decay and disencouragement
of Trade and Industry. 27358 M. Davis A then. Brit. 1. Pref,
68 Under a temptation of a total Disencouragement,
Disencrease : see DisincnEase.
Disencumber (disénkwmba:), v. Also 7 -in-.
[ad. F. désencombrer, earlicr desencombre (12-13th
c. in Hatz,-Darm.): see Dis- 4 and EncuMBER.]
trans. To relieve or free from encumbrances.
1598 Barret Theor. Warres v. ii. 130 The space.. behind
the terraplene..shall..be made plaine and disencombered.
1667 Mitton ?, L.v. 7oo Ere dim Night had disincumberd
-ED1,]
Heav'n. 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 147 ® 8 Most expe-
ditiously disencumbered from my villatick bashfulness.
1814 Worpsw. -L.rcursion 1x. 71 that superior height
Who sits, is disencumbered from the press Of near ob-
structions. 1888 Burcon Lives 12 Gd. Alen I. iv. 397 The
beautiful pillars were disencumbered of the monuments
which. .encrusted and disfigured them.
Disencu'mbered, ///. a. [f. prec. + -ED1.]
Freed from encumbrance.
1611 Cotcr., Descombré, disincombred, vnpestered. 1681
Drypen Ads. & Achit, 850 Free from Earth, thy disen-
cumbred Soul Mounts up. 1705 Appison /taly 76 The
Church of St. Justina. .is the most handsom, luminous, dis-
encumber'd Building in the Inside that I have ever seen.
178 Cowrer Retirement 394 Four handsome bays, That
whirl away from busi and debate The di bered
Atlas of the State, 1824 L, Murray Zng. Gram, (ed. 5)
444
I. 449 That the more important .. words possess the
pata ky quite disencumbered. er.
‘mberment. vare. [f. as prec. +
-MENT; cf. F. désencombrement (Littré).] The
action of disencumbering or fact of being disen-
cumbered. n recent Dicts.
+Disencu‘mbrance. (és. [f. as prec. +
-ANCE, after encumbrance.) Deliverance or free-
dom from encumbrance.
1712 STEELE Sfect. No. 264 ? 1 Out of mere Choice, and
an elegant Desire of Ease and Disincumbrance. 1776 ADAM
Situ W, N. v. ii. (1869) 11. 455 The waste, and not the
disencumbrance, of the estate was the common effect of a
long minority. 1793 W. Roserts Looker-on (1794) 11. No.
60. 406 An indecorous ease, and a selfish disincumbrance.
Disend, obs. form of DEscEND.
+ Disenda'mage, v. Ods. rare. [Dis- 6.]
trans. To relieve from loss or damage.
165s Jennincs Elise 69 Promising that he would disen-
damage him of all his pretended wrongs.
Disendow (diséndaw’),v. [f. Dis- 6 + Expow.]
trans. To deprive or strip of endowments.
1861 F. Hatt in 9rx/. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 4 Descend-
ants who were not entirely disendowed of power. 1868
Pall Mall G. 18 Feb., One cannot understand why the
Protestant rector should vanish from the land the moment
the [Irish] Church is disendowed. 1883 LasoucHere in
Fortn, Rev., The Established Church will at once be dis-
established and disendowed.
Hence Disendow-ed ///. a., Disendow'ing v//.
sh. and ppl. a.; also Disendow'er, one who dis-
endows; Disendow'ment, the action or fact of
Cisendowing. (All chiefly used in reference to
ecclesiastical endowments.)
1864 Wenster, Disendowment. 1867 Brewer in Times
10 Apr. 8/: The House of Commons has pledged itself to the
disestablishment and disendowment of the Irish Church.
1869 Daily Tel. 5 July, The great disestablisher and dis-
endower. 1874 Eclectic Sept. 319 The secularized and
disendowed priests of aonce popular religion. 1874 Morty
Compromise (1886) 99 ‘The disendowment of the national
church. 1888 Pa// A/all G. 9 Apr. 2/2 Used to hearing dis-
establishers accused of a new Crucifixion and disendowers
identified with Judas.
Disener, var. of DEcENER, Ods.
1489 Caxton Faytes of A. 11. xxx. 141 Eueryche shal haue
undre hym a dyzener of carpenters and a dyzener of helpers
and also thre diseners of laborers.
+ Disenfila‘de, v. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 6 +
ENFILADE v.] ¢rans. (See quot.)
1706 Accomplished Officer v. 39 Care ought to be taken,
that all the Parts of the Covered Way be Disenfiladed.
Which is done either by Nature, or by ‘Traverses of all
those Parts of the Country which might command _ them.
lbid. 40 To Disenfilade signify’s so to dispose the Ground
or a Work, as that it may not be seen or discovered by the
Enemy, and battered in a straight line.
isenfra‘nchise, v. [f. Dis- 6 + Enrray-
CHISE 2, II.)
1. trans. To deprive of civil or electoral privi-
leges ; to DISFRANCHISE.
1664 Burter Hud. u. ii. 708 And they, in mortal Battel
vanquish'd, Are of their Charter dis-enfranchis'd. 1738 H,
Brooke Gustavus Vasa (Jod,), That nature .. Shall disen-
franchise all her lordly race. 1893 Lyp1a H. Dickinson in
Barrows Parl. Relig. 1. 507 There could..be no legal act
disenfranchising woman, since she was never legally en-
franchised. :
+ 2. [f. Dis- 5, or error.] To set free, liberate,
enfranchise. Ods. rare. :
1626 ‘I. H. Caussin's Holy Crt. 153 A cruell Tyranny,
from whence she may with a litle courage disinfranchize
herselfe. x Lp. Orrery Parthenissa (1676) I re-
solv’d my self not a little disenfranchis’d from that o! "ere
Hence Disenfra‘nchising ///. a. and vl. sb. ;
also + Disenfra‘nchisement O/s.
1721 BaILey, re a being disfranchised.
1865 Aforn. Star 9 May, This .. is not an enfranchising, but
a disenfranchising measure.
e e (diséng#'dz),v. Also 7-8 disin-
gage. [f. Dis- 6+ Excace v.; prob, after F, dés-
engager (1462 in Hatz.-Darm.).]
+l. trans. To free from engagement, pledge,
contract, or obligation. Ods, exc, as fa. fple.
1611 Cotcr., Desengager, to dising vngage, red i
1622 Masnr tr. Ademan's Guzman d'A ¥f. 1.* * ija, Moneys
wherewithall to pay my debts, & to disingage my word.
Bi Mitton Tenure Kings (1650) 10 If the king prov'd
unfaithful the people would be disingag’d. 1754 Ricnarpson
Grandison (r781) EI. xxix. 278 ‘To be a single woman all ny
life, if he would not disengage me of my rash, my fooli
promise. 1837 [see DisencaceD].
2. To loosen from that which holds fast, adheres,
or entangles; to detach, liberate, free.
1652 J. Davies tr. Olearius’ Voy. Ambass, 34 Two great
Ships .. between which we were so intangled, that we could
not in three hours disengage our selves. 1678 Lond. Gas.
No. 1317/4 Sieur Ollier was mortally wounded, and_taken,
but afterwards disengaged again. 1771 Ovivier Fencing
Familiarized (1780) 60, | make an appel and disengage
the point of my sword as if my design were to thrust carte
overthe arm, 1834 Mepwin —— in Wales 1. 74, Lhad..
previously wound the rope. .round my arm ; the consequence
was, that I could not disengage my wrist. 1878 Huxvey
Physiogr. 109 It slowly d the water,
with its hydrogen and disengaging its oxygen.
Loe
a 1618 Syivester Fob Triumphant 1.
the sword of war thee dis-ingage. stags
Hee will... from
ABINGTON Castara
+ AK "
DISENGAGEMENT.
B. Harris Parival’s Iron A. Hi the
step d to disi him fi ee ice the Arce
gage him from the service
Duke. 171z Appison Sect. No. 63 P 1 It is
the Mind to disengage it self from a Subject in which it has
been long employed. a1871 Grote Eth. Fragm. iv. (1876)
77 To disengage great principles from capricious adjuncts.
ce. To loosen a bond or that which binds. ~
1780 Cowrer Doves 10 Our mutual bond of faith and truth
No time shall disengage. 1856 Bryant Old Man's Funeral
vii, Softly to disengage the vital cord. _
3. intr. (for refl.) To free oneself, get loose.
1646 J. Hatt Poems 1. abides disi e, our bloodlesse
form 1 fly Beyond the reach of Earth, CoLiier
Ess. Mor. Subj. u\. (1709) 98 In conversing with ks we
may chuse our pany, and disengage without Ci
or Exception. 1832 Regul. /nstr. Cavalry 11. 80 The left
Troop..must disengage. . before it can move. — &
4. intr. Fencing. To reverse the relative position
of the blades by smartly passing the point to the
opposite side of the opponent’s sword.
Fs R. H. School Recreat. 71 When you are on your
Guard, and within your Adversary’s Sword, di: and
make your Feint without. 1771 Oxtvier Fencing Kamil.
(1780) 38 If you perceive your adve force your blade, I
would always have you disengage, keeping the point strait to
his body. 1809 RoLanp Fencing 83 To disengage is simply
to pass your blade on the other side of your adve "s (it
is no matter whether within or over the arm) and to thrust.
Hence Disenga‘ging vd/. sb. and fpl.a. Disen-
gaging gear, machinery: see ENGAGING ffi. a. 3.
1684 R. H. School Recreat. 59 Caveating or Disengaging.
Here you must .. slip your Adversaries Sword, when you
perceive him about to bind or secure yours. 1831 a
Bk. 77 Disengaging is performed by dexterously shifting the
point of your foil from one side of your adversary's b!
the other; that is, from carte to tierce, or tice versa.
Knicut Dict. Mech., Disengaging-gear, contrivances
which machines are thrown out of connection with their
motor, by disconnecting the wheels, chains or bands which
drive them.
Disenga:ge, sd. [f. prec. vb.] Fencing. The
act of disengaging or reversing the relative position
of the blades, so as to free one’s own for a thrust.
So counter-disengage.
177% Oxivier Fencing Famil.(1780) 132 Begin trying your
adversary with appels, beatings, disengages, and ex
in order to embarrass him. /ézd. 87 The counter-disengage
of carte over the arm. 1879 Encycl. Brit. UX. 71 (Fencing)
Cut and disengage, if made inside of the arm, is parried by
quarte, or the counter of tierce; if outside, by tierce or
counter in quarte. 1889 [see CounTER-DISENGAGE, $é.].
Disengaged (diséngéidzd), p/. a. [f. as prec.
+-ED1; but often used as f. Dis- 10+ ENGAGED.]
Set free from engagement, ties, or prepossession ;
free from obligatory connexion; detached; not
engaged ; untrammelled, unoccupied, at liberty.
1621 Sir G. Catvert in Fortesc. Papers 155 So long as the
Prince Palatine shall keepe himself disengaged from medlii
in them. 165: Hosses Govt. & Soc. iii. § 24. 51 The Law
Nature therefore commands the Judge to be dis-engag’d.
1676 W. Hunsarn Happiness of People 53 Such
..doe but embolden isengaged standers by to complain of
both. 12722 Streeter Sect. No. 318 Pp 1 This Lady is ofa free
and disengaged Behaviour. 1772 Oxivier Fencing Famil.
(1780) 38 me the time, and give him a disengaged thrust
in carte over the arm. 1794 SULLIVAN View Nat, 1. 2
The other acids are only in a disen, state, found in
waters accidentally. 1837 Dickens Pickw. ii, Are you dis-
engaged this evening?
le to
gedness. [f. prec.+-vxss.] The
quality ot being disengaged; freedom from ties,
engagement, obligation, or prepossession.
1685 tr. Gracian’s Courtier’s Orac. 195 To speak clearly..
shews not onely a cmon but also a vivacity of
wit. 5 Epwarps Freed. Will. 11. xiii. 133 The more
the Soul has of this Disengagedness in its acting, the more
Liberty, x j. Hames Let. in Life viii. (1870) 35
I have a singular sensation of disen: edness. 1887 EF.
Gurney Vertium yo I, 250 The application of it requires
di deaak aan Aaa
Dise: +t (diséngé''dzmént). _[f. Dis-
ENGAGE ¥, + -MENT, after ¢; 3 cf. F. désen-
gagement (15th c.)] The action of disengaging
or fact of being disengaged Srom (anything).
16g0 Eart Mono. ar, Senauilt's Man become Guilty 378
They call poverty a dis-ingag from uselesse thi
1699 H. Cuannier Bigotry (709) 6 Their Believing in Christ
was no Disingag from Jud 1716 Jer. CoLuier
tr. Nasiausen's Panegyrick Pref, A noble Disen; t
from the World. 1887 R. Garnett in Lowell Study Wind.
Introd. 12 He has not that disengag from all trad |
and conventional influences .. which characterises younger
men,
b. The physical, es. chemical, separation or
setting free (of anytning).
x W. Nicnotson tr, Chaftal's Elemt. Chem. (1800) IT.
1 he “ De Q in Bl rng bas | fe The
uINcEY in \ 4 7
i i velit yp rattan gh ny billings
surmounting the city.
"3881 Nature XXII1. 616
gaseous acids are absorbed .. with disengagement of heat.
ec. Freedom from engagement, prepossession,
occupation, or ties; detachment ; freedom or ease
of manner or behaviour. aca ; aie
Ss Funeral i. igf1702 ‘adam! your Air
, ite Nealigenc ah Senge of oe. sree
Brit. Apollo \11. No. 77. 3/1 us you y Dising:
deh. gre Than a { ‘our Sex by Servile Laws before.
1750 Jounson Rambler No. 14 ® 4 A man proposes his
schemes of life in a state of abst and disengagement.
Il. ; with all the
sy, Women of Hover Us AI i eine te
(Arb.) 64 My sacke will disingag
2 owe
DISENGIRDLE.
Ferrier Grk. Philos. I. x. 241 This mental disengagement
-. and liberation.
d. The dissolution of an engagement to be
married.
* 3996 Jane AusTEN Sense § Sens. xxix, She might wound
Marianne still deeper by treating their disengagement .. as
an escape from..evils. 1895 Westm. Gaz. 7 Feb. 8/1 ‘ Dis-
gag t’ is a pleasi hemism for a gentle form of
‘breach of promise’.
e. Fencing. (See DISENGAGE 7. 4)
1771 Oxivier Fencing Famil. (1780) 38 Of the Disengage-
ment. 1809 RoLanp Fencing 65 The side on which it was
usual to parry the disengagement. 1889 W. H. Pottock, etc.,
Fencing (Baal " “sage li. 48 Simple attacks are..four: the
straight thrust, the disengagement, the coupé, and the
counter-disengagement.
mgirdle, v. rave. [Dis-6.] trans. To
undo the engirdling of; to release from a girdle.
1871 SwinsuRNE Songs bef. Sunrise Prel. g9 And disen-
girdled and discrowned ‘The limbs and locks that vine
leaves bound.
+ Disengo'rge, v. Obs. rave. [Dis-6.] trans.
To discharge (as a river); = DIscoRGE 2.
‘610 Hottanp Camden's Brit. 1. 239 At length he dis-
engorgeth himselfe unto the Severn-sea.
Disengu'lf, -gulph, v. vare. [D1s- 6.]
trans. To cast up what has been engulfed.
18 Turrer Prov. Philos. (1852) 386 The maelstrém
[shall] disengulph its spoil.
Disenhallow (disénhz'lov), v. rare. [See
Disen- and Hatiow v.] ¢rans. To deprive of
hallowed character.
3 eal Lucretia 69 The love is disenhallowed.
enherison, Disenherit, etc. : see Distn-.
Disenme’‘sh, v. rare. [Dis-6.] trans. To
free from meshes or enmeshment; to disentangle.
1868 Browninc Ring § Bk. xu. 565 Convulsive effort to
disperse the films And disenmesh the fame o’ the martyr.
Disenno'ble, v. [f. Dis-6 + Ennosix.] érans.
To deprive of nobleness; to render ignoble: the
reverse of to ennoble.
Mod, Answ. Prynne's Reply 20 It dis ennobles mens
spirits. 1713 ADDISON Guardian No. 137 ®2 An unworthy
behaviour degrades and disennobles a man in the eye of
the world, 1842 Faser Styriax Lake 335 The disennobling
of our lives.
Diseno'rm, v. Ols. rare. [f. Dis- 6 or 8+
EnorM v. or a.) trans. To free from irregularity ;
to make conformable to a norm or standard.
1644 Quartes Sheph. Orac. viii, To prevent Confused
babling, and to disenorm Prepost’rous service.
Disenra‘vel, v. rare. [See DIsEn-, and RavEt
v.] trans. To unravel, disentangle.
1881 BLackie md Serm. i. 64 A tissue which no mortal
skill can disenrave A
+ Disenri‘ch, v. 00s. rare. [D1s-6.]
To deprive of riches ; to impoverish.
1647 TRare Comm, 2 Cor. viii. 9 He that was heir of all
things; disinriched and disrobed himself of all.
t enro'l,v. Obs. rare. In 7 disinroule.
[f- Dis- 6 + Enron: cf. obs. F. desenrouller.]
trans. To remove from a roll or list.
1631 Donne Let. to C'tess. of Bedford in Poems (1650)
* He cannot ‘that’s, he will not) dis-inroule Your name.
ensanity: see DisINsANITY.
Disenshrou'd, v. rave. [Dis- 6.] trans. To
set free from a shroud or enshrouded state.
1835 W. A. Burter in Blackw. Mag. XXXVII.857 When
that misty vale Evanid, disenshrouding field and grove,
Left us. Afod. The disenshrouded statue.
Disensla've, v. Also 7 disin-. [Dis- 6.]
trans. To set free from enslavement; to liberate
from slavery. Hence Disensla‘ved ///. a.
1649 Petit. in J. Harrington Def. Rights Univ. Oxford
1690) 1 Your worthy intentions to disinslave the free born
eople of this Nation from all manner of Arbitrary ..
Power. 1660 H. More Myst. God?. vt. xi. 244 To disen-
slave him from the bondage of Satan. 1681 P. Rycaut
Critick 242 To walk as free and disinslaved' as the King of
it. a1716 Soutn Sermz. (1737) ILI. viii (R.), They expected
such an one as should disenslave them from the Roman
yoke. x *
Disentail (diséntzil), v. Also 7 disin-. [f.
Dis- 6 + Enrai v.2] Hence Disentai‘ling £//. a.
1. trans. (Law.) To free from entail; to break
the entail of (an estate) ; see ENrart 5d.2
1848 Wuarton Law Lex. 645/2 The disentailing deed must
beenrolled. 1858 Lp. Sr. Leonarps*/andy Bk. Prop. Law
xvii, 129 [A] disentailing assurance, 1861 W. Bett Dict.
Law Scot. 807/1 An heir born after that date [Aug. 1848] is
entitled to disentail the estate under the authority of the
Court. Jbid., The exercise of the power to disentail. 1885
Siz N. Linotey in Law 7imes Rep. LIL. 609/2 He infended
to disentail everything which he took under the will of his
ancestor. dod, Part of the estate has been disentailed,
+2. To divest, dispossess, deprive of.
1641 Mitton Ch. Govt. u. iii. (1851) 158 With much more
reason undoubtedly ought the censure of the Church be
quite devested and disintal'd of all jurisdiction whatsoever.
b. To free oneself from, get rid of. Ods.
1667 Decay Chr. Piety viii. » 26 To disintail those two
most inestimable blessings, of a pure religion and outward
peace, which our immediate progenitors left us.
Disentai'‘l, sd. [f. prec. vb.] The act of dis-
entailing or breaking an entail.
3861 W. Bett Dict. Law Scot. 807/2 An heir, .is not en-
titled to give to a di 1, in opposition to the
creditors in such debts, 1868 Act 31-2 Vict. c. rox § 112 The
iS ©UP
trans.
445
execution ofa deed of disentail. 1834 eekly Notes 22 Nov.
210/2 The power of sale in the will was destroyed by the
disentail. ‘.
Disentai‘lment. [f. as prec. +-MENT.| = prec.
1848 Wuarton Law Lex. 647/2 Thus much as to the dis-
entailment of freehold. 1886 Law Rep. 31 Ch. Div. 254 In
effecting the disentailment and resettling of this estate.
Disentangle (disénteng’l), v. Also 7-8
disin-. [f. Dis- 6+ EnranGLe.]
1. ¢rans. To free (anything) from that in or with
which it is entangled; to disengage, extricate.
Const. from, formerly sometimes of. a. Jit.
1598 Frorio /tal. Dict., Strigare to disintangle, to rid.
a 1691 Boyte (J.), Though in concretions particles so entangle
one another .. yet they do incessantly strive to disentangle
themselves, and get away. 1784 Cowrer /'ask ul. 145
‘They disentangle from the puzzled skein..The threads of
. shrewd design. 1847 J. Witson Chr. North (1857) I. 21
‘To disentangle our line from the water-lilies. 1860 ‘TYNDALL
Glac. 1. xix. 135 Two hours had been spent in the effort to
disentangle ourselves from the crags.
b. fg. To set free from intellectual, moral, or
practical complications; to extricate from diffi-
culties or hindrances.
161r Cotcr., Desembarrasser, to vnpester, disintangle.
1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Evomena 116 ‘Vhe Princesse
now disentangled of publike affaires, and desirous to know
who shee was [etc.]. 1709 BerKkeELEy 7. Vision § 92 Yo dis-
entangle our minds from .. prejudices. 1769 RopeRTsoN
Chas. V, IIL. xt. 370 ‘The Emperor disentangled himself ..
from all the affairs of this world. 1874 Green Short //ist.
vi. § 6. 325 To .. disentangle a few fragmentary facts from
the mass of fable.
2. To bring (anything) out of a tangled state; to
unravel, untwist.
1805 SoutHeyY Madoc in Act. vi, Disentangling The passive
reptile’s folds. 1826 Scotr Diary 10 Feb. in Lockhart, One
puzzles the skein in order to excite curiosity and then cannot
disentangle it. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. I. xx. 252 Patience
to disentangle the knots of my harness.
Jig. 1660 Marve tt Corr, xiil. Wks. 1872-5 II. 40, I shall ..
inform myselfe here how that annexion stands, and the
readiest way of disintangling it. 1751 Jounson Rambler
No. 169? 13 He must .. disentangle his method, and alter
his arrangement. 1871 Freeman //ist. ss. Ser. 1. i. 31
We can disentangle the several elements of which it is
made up.
3. intr. (for ref.) To become disentangled; to
disentangle oneself (quot. 1676).
1607 Ford's Madrigal, ‘Since first I saw your face’, My
heart is fast, And cannot disentangle. 1676 Marvett 4/7.
Smirke K iv, Betaking themselves to this Spiritual Warfare,
they ought to disintangle from the World. 1726 Adz. Capt.
R. Boyle 24 My Foot disentangled, and I fell:plum into the
Sea. 1742 Younc W/. 7h. 11. 455. Thoughts disintangle
passing o'er the lip. Zod. This skein won’t disentangle.
Hence Disenta'ngled ///. a., -ing vd/. sb.
161x Cotcr., Desmteslement, vnpestering, disintricating, dis-
intangling. 1633G. Herpert Zemfle, Reprisallii, A disen-
tangled: state and free. 1675 TRAHERNE Chr, Ethics ii. 14
Our thoughts and affections must be always disentangled.
Disentanglement. [f. prec. + -menv, after
entanglement.| The fact of disentangling, or state
of being disentangled.
1751 Jounson Rawmbler No. 110 P 10 The disentanglement
of actions complicated with innumerable circumstances.
1774 Warton //ist, Eng. Poetry (1840) III. xliv. 127 In the
disentanglement of this distressful tale. 1856 Froupe //is¢.
Eng. 1. 228 Such process of disentanglement .. though easy
for posterity, is always impossible to living actors in the
drama of life:
Disenta‘ngler. vave. One who disentangles.
1885 Manch. Exam. 13 Apr. 3/1 Mr. Buchanan’s work of |
disentangler is conducted with a good deal of spirit.
+ Disenter, v. Law. Olds. [f. Dis-6+ Enver |
v. 2.) trans. To eject, oust, dispossess.
1629 MS. Acc..St. Fohn's Hosp.,. Canterb., For his charges
when he went into. Thanett to disenter Sampson. from our
lands and, to take possession. 1631 /did., [We] went to
Hoath to,disenter Baker.
Disenter, -erre, obs. ff. DistntER v.
+ Disentera‘tion. Oés. rare. [n. of action f.
*disenterate vb., f. Dis- 7 + Gr. évrepa bowels.]
Evacuation of the bowels.
1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes 11, viii. 123 For doing the work
of Nature (I meane not that of Disenteration) but of laugh-
ing.
Disenthra:l, eall, v. Also 7 disin-. [f.
Dis- 6 + EntTurat.] ‘vans. ‘To set free from en-
thralment or bondage; to liberate from thraldom.
a@ 1643 G. Sanpvys (J.), God my soul shall disenthral. 1653
Mitton Ps. iv. 4 In. straits and in distress Thou. didst me
disenthrall And set at large. 2689 Def Liberty agst. Tyrants
149 In seeking freedom from ‘Fyranny, he. . was the principal
Instrument to dis-inthrall them. 1843 J. Martingau Chr.
Life (1867) 331 Reverence which disenthrals the mind from
lower passions,
Hence Disenthra‘lled A//. a.
1848 R. I. Wi-Berrorce /ucarnation xiii. (1852) 363 Only
through union with our disenthralled representative.
Disenthra‘ldom. rare. [irreg. f. prec. +
-pom, after ¢hraldom.] =next.
1823 New Monthly Mag. VI. 529 The advocates of dis-
enthraldom from the classic school.
Disenthra'lment. [f. DisenrHRaL + -MENT.]
The action of freeing, or fact of being freed, from
enthralment ; emancipation from thraldom.
1825 Lp. Cocksurn Mem. 262 The disenthralment of
those who had liberated themselves. 1870 LoweELt Study
Wind. 54 Enjoying that delicious sense of disenthralment
from the actual which .. twilight brings.
DISENTWINE.
Bisenthrone (disénprdwn), v. Also 7 disin-.
[f£ Dis- 6+ EnTHRONE.] ¢razs. To put down from
a throne; to depose from royal or supreme dignity
or authority ; to dethrone.
1608 Heywoop Lucrece 1. ii. Wks. 1874 V. 171, I charge
thee, Tarquin, disinthrone thy selfe. 1667 Mitton ?. L.
11, 229 Either to disinthrone the King of Heav'n We warr
«or to regain Our own right lost. 1855 Miman Las.
Chr. (1864) 1X. xiv. x. 346 ‘The proposal of a new transla-
tion of the Scriptures .. disenthroned the Vulgate from its
absolute exclusive authority.
Hence Disenthro‘ning 70/. s/,; Disenthro‘ne-
ment, dethroning.
1648 Mitton Observ. Art. Peace (1851) 559 Which act of
any King against the Consent of his Parlament .. might of
it self strongly conduce to the disinthrowning him. 1848
Hamppven Bampt. Lect. (ed. 3) 157 ‘The disenthroning of
Providence. 1894 Asquitn Sf. at Newburgh 24 Oct., To
seek for the disenthronement of religious privilege.
Disentitle (diséntait’l), v. Also 7 disin-.
[f. Dis- 6+ Extirte] ‘vans. To deprive of title
or right (¢o something): the reverse of to ezditle.
1654 Jer. Taytor Neal Pres. 131 All that eat are not
made Christ’s body, and all that eat not are not disintitled
to the resurrection, a@1716 Soutn Serm. VIII. v.(R.) Every
ordinary offence does not disentitle a son to the love of his
father, 1856 Froupe //ist, Eng. 1. 99 He... would have
pleaded the sacred right of inheritance, refusing utterly the
imaginary law which disentitled him.
Disentomb (disént#m),v. [f. Dis- 6 + En-
TOMB.) /rans. To take out of the tomb; ,¢ransf.
and fig.) to take (anything) out of that in which
it is buried or hidden away; to disinter, unearth.
1626 ‘I’. H. Caussin's Holy Crt. 370 A mad vanity of
Nobility of race, which causeth many to dig out, and dis-
entombe their Grand-Sires, as it were, from the ashes of
old ‘Troy. 1839 Dre Quincey Necoll. Lakes Wks. 1862 II.
96 Worlds of fine thinking lie buried in that vast abyss,
never to be disentombed. 1877 A. B. Epwarps Uf Nrle
xxl. 659 A mummy..which we saw disentombed. 1880
MeCartuy Own Times 1V. 527. Mr. Freeman .. disen-
tombed a great part of the early history of england.
Hence Disentombed (-t7md), #//. a.; Disen-
tombment (t/‘m,mént), the act of disentombing.
1859 Smices Se//-//elp iii. 55 The disentombment of the
Nineveh marbles. 1871 Fraser Life & Lett. Berkeley iii.
78 The disentombed remains of Herculaneum.
+ Disentrai'l,v. Os. [f. Dis- 7a + Enrrain
sd.1 (in early use evtraz‘/).] trans. ‘To draw forth
from the entrails or inward parts. Hence + Dis-
entrai‘led ///. a.
1596 SPENSER F. Q. Iv. ili. 28 The disentrayled blood
Adowne their sides like litle rivers stremed. /6¢. 1v. vi.
16 Heaping huge strokes ., As if he thought her soule to
disentrayle. 1692 J. SALTER 7 7tumphs Fesus 22 As if they
designed to dis-entrail His very Soul. :
Disentrairnment. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + Iy-
TRAIN v.2 + -MENT.] The action of cischarging
(troops) from a railway train’; detraining.
1881 Globe 18 Apr. 5 ‘The disentrainment was superintended
by Lieut.-Colonel Knight. :
Disentra'mmel,?. [f. Dis- 6+ ExrramMer.]
trans. To free from its trammels, or from an en-
trammelled state.
1866 Pall Mall G. 22 Jan. 1 Before the Federal Power
had been disentrammelled from the civil war. 1878 Swi-
Burne Poems & Ball. Ser. uu. 11 Any soul... Disrobed and
disentrammelled.
Disentra‘nce, v. [f. Dis- 6+ Entrance 2.]
trans. ‘Yo bring out of or arouse from a trance, or
from an entranced state.
1663 Butter Hxd. 1. iii. 717’ Ralpho by this time disen-
tranc’d, Upon his Bum himself advanc’d. 1809 CoLERIDGE
Friend (1866) 351 ‘This trifling incident startled and dis-
entranced me. 1855 Browninc Any Wife to Any Husband
xv, Love so, then, if thou wilt! Give all thou canst Away
to the new faces—disentranced .. obdurate no more.
Hence Disentra‘ncement. In recent Dicts.
+ Disentra‘verse, 2. Ols. rare. [f. Dis- 5
+ *entraverse vb., repr. F. entraverser to place en
travers or athwart : cf. ENTRAVERSE adv.] trans,
‘To wrest (meaning),
1610 W. Fo-kincuaM A7t of Survey 1. vili. 18 Plinie dis-
entrauerses the meaning of /’//a to imply a blackish, gentle,
mellow, and tender soyle.
Disentrayle, obs. form of DISENTRAIL 7.
Disentrea‘t, v. Obs. rare—°. [f.. Dis- 6 + En-
TREAT.] ¢rans. To deprecate, entreat not to have.
r6rx CotGr., Desfrier, to vnpray, disintreat,
+Disentru'st, v. Ols. rare. [Dis- 6.]
trans, To deprive (a person) of a trust ;. the oppo-
site of entrust.
1648 J. Gooowin Right § Might 13 There is the same
liberty in a Pupill, or person in his minority, to dis-entrust
his Guardian, how lawfully soever chosen, upean suspicion
of male-administration, or unfaithfulnesse.
Disentwine, v. [f. Dis- 6+ Enrwine.]
1. ¢vans. To free from being entwined ; to un-
twine, untwist, disentangle (/¢. and fg.).
1814 Byron Corsair 1, xiv, My very love to thee is hate
to them, So closely mingling here, that disentwined, I
cease to love thee when I love mankind. 182r SHELLEY
Prometh, Unb. 1. iii. 48 The wind .. disentwines my hair.
Owen /Wellesley's Desp. p. xk, In disentwining the co-
ordinate and conflicting claims of native Princes.
2. intr. (for refl.) To become disentwined.
1875 Sunday Mag. June 580 Thoughts ., intertwine and
disentwinep but the problem remains,
DISENVELOP.
Disenve'lop, -e, v. Also 7-8 disin-.
[f Dris- 6 or 7 + Envetop v. or ENVELOPE sd.)
trans. To free from that in which it is enveloped ;
to unfold, develop.
pe Haywaro tr. Biondi’s Eromena 108 Maligne stars
.. which being in some sort intricated with the fixed .. are
never more disinveloped. /éd. 162 He was not likely to
be soone disenveloped out of the passions of his fatherly
affection. 1655-73 H. More Aff. Anted. b 6b, Disen-
veloping what pretended strength of Argument there may be.
1741 Warsurton Div. Legat. 11. 574 When the prephes: ‘
have explained the spiritual meaning of his [Moses’] law
and disinveloped his sense.
Disenve'nom, z. rave. [f. Dis- 6 + Envenom.]
trans. To undo the process of envenoming ; to de-
prive of its venom.
ax7tr Ken Christophil Poet. Wks. 1721 1.45 By meekness
disenvenoming their spite. — Hymns Evang. ibid. 1. 177
Conquer’d Death .. By Jesus disenvenom’d is your Sting.
Disenvi'ron, v. va7e. [Dis-6.] “ans. To
deprive of or set free from its environment.
1875 L. Morris Evensong xii, Self-centred and self-con-
tained, disenvironed and isolate.
+ Disenwra'p, v. Ots. rare. In 7 disin-.
[f. Dis-6+ ENwrapv.] ‘rans. To free from that
in which it is enwrapped ; to unwrap.
16az2 Masse tr. Aleman's Guzman d’Alf. 1. 222, 1 went
about to dis-inwrap her hands of her mantle, that I might
come to touch them.
Disepalous (daisepales\, a. Bot. [f. Gr. &-
(Di- 2) twice + mod.L. sepal-um SEPAL + -OUS.]
Having or consisting of two sepals.
1841 Penny Cycl. XXI. 248/1 If there are two sepals, the
calyx is disepalous. 1870 Bentiey Bot, 216 Disepalous for
a Di composed of two distinct sepals.
+ Dise-qual, «. Os.
cf. OF. desegal, -gual unequal (in Godef.), also L.
dispar.) Unequal.
1622 Masne tr. Aleman's Guzman d Alf.1. To Rdr., My
minde still beating vpon the Barbarisme and dis-equall
number of those ignorant Dolts.
+ Disequa:lity. Obs. [f. Disequat, after
equality: cf. OF. desegaulte, desigalité inequality
(in Godef.).] Inequality, disparity.
160a Secar Hon. Mil. & Civ. ut. v. 117 Euery small dis-
equality ought not to make difference chiefly where God
is Judge. 1632 J. Haywarp tr. Broudi’s Eromena 110 The
disequalitie of yeares (she being at least by six yeares his
elder). 1655 CromweLt S/. 22 Jan., If there be a dispro-
portion or disequality as to power.
Dise'q e@,v. rare-°. [f. Dis- 6 + Equat-
1ZE.) ¢rans. To render unequal.
equalizer, one who or that which renders unequal.
1847 Lytton Lucretia. Epil., The mechanic— poor slave
of the capitalist—poor agent and victim of the arch dis-
e ualiser, Civilisation.
equili‘brium. [f.D1s-9 + Equintprium.]
Absence or destruction of equilibrium. So Dis-
equili‘brate, Disequi‘librize v/s., to destroy the
equilibrium of, to throw out of balance ; Disequi-
libra‘tion.
1840 Aco/us 12 A finely poised lever, to which the weight
of a fly is enough to occasion a disequilibrium. 1882
Ewes tr. Capello & Ivens’ Benguella to Vacca I. i.7 The
effect of this dis-equilibrium of nature. 1889 Blackw. Mag.
CXLVI. 742/2 Eg are disequilibrised. 1891 J. M. Guyan
Educ. & Heredity Pref. 23 The disequilibrated are forever
lost to humanity. 1891 A/onzst 1. 627 A disequilibration of
their organism.
Disequi'p, v. rare. [Dis- 6.] trans. To
divest (any one) of his equipment ; zr. (for ref.)
to doff one’s equipment.
1831 Fr. A. Kempie ¥rn/. in Rec. Girlhood (1878) III.
aah e) arrived just as we had disequipped.
iserde, obs. var. Dizzarp.
Diserit, -yt: see DisHerir.
+ Dise'rt, 2. Ols. [ad. L. disert-us skilful in
speaking, fluent, var. of déssertus, pa. pple. of dis-
serére to discuss, discourse, f. d7s-, Dis- 1 or 2 +
serére to interweave, connect, compose.] Able or
fluent in speech; well-spoken, eloquent.
¢ 1425 Found, St. Bartholomew's 24 Blessynge the myght
and the wysdome of God, the whiche ipa the dumme
moweth, and the tongis of infantis maketh opyne and diserte.
1647 Warp Simp. Cobler 52 Disert Statesmen,
BuRNE Manilius Pref., This most Disert Poet.
Disert, obs. var. of Desenr sd.2
+ Disertitude. Ods. rare—°. [ad. late L.
disertitid-o eloquence, f. disert-us DISERT.]
1656 Biounr Glossogr., Disertitude, eloquence,
Dise'rtly, adv. Obs. [f. Disent + -Ly 2.]
Ably, clearly, eloquently, in plain terms.
1447 BokeNnnam Seyntys Roxb} 188 By many an argu-
mente She per dysert (eae! hyrentente. 1603 HoLtann
Plutarch's Mor. 1306 Heraclitus directly and disertly nam-
eth warre, the Father, King, and Lord of all the world.
1650 BuLWER Anthropomet. i. 13 They speak a language
disertly, briefly, and properly accented. 1798 Europ. see
in Spirit Publ. Yruts (rip) Ul. 322 What hath been already
so disertly and irrefragably urged by that learned man.
Dises(e, obs. ff. Decrease, Disease.
Disespeir, etc.: see DESESPEIR, etc.
+ Disespou'se, v. Oés. rare. [f. Dis- 6 +
EspousE S trans. To undo the espousal or
betrothal of.
1667 Mitton P. L. 1x. pes less but more Heroic then
the .. rage Of Turnus for Lavinia disespous’d.
1675 SHeEr-
[f. Dis- 10 + Equa a.:. |
Hence Dis- |
446
lish (disésteblif), v. [f. D1s- 6 +
EsTaBLisH v.] ‘trans. To deprive of the character
of being established; to annul the establishment
of. a. gen. To undo the position of anything
instituted, settled, or fixed by authority or genera.
acce ce ; to depose.
1598 FLorio Disconfermare, to vnconfirme, to disestablish.
1794 W. Taytor in Monthly Rev. XIV. 248 Labouring to
disestablish those Platonic opinions. 1886 PadZ Malt G.
16 June 1'1 He has disestablished Money-bags as the arbiter
of elections.
b. sfec. To deprive (a church) of especial State
connexion and support; to remove from the
position of being the national or state church: cf.
EstaBLIsH v. 7.
1838 GLapsTonE State in Rel. Ch. (1839) 113 If religion be
injured by the national establishment of the church, it must
forthwith and at whatever hazard be disestablished. 1868
DISFAVOUR.
esteemer of thy Blood, and slighter of thy Love! x674
Boyre Excell. Theol. 11. v. 231 It would extremely trou!
me to see you a disesteemer of those Divine things. —_-
Hence + Disestee’meress, a female disesteemer.
_ 1611 Cotcr., Despriseresse, a disesteemeresse, i
+ Disestimation (disestim2' fan). ds. [£
Dis- 9 + Estimation, after désesteem : cf. Sp. des-
estimacion, It, disestimastone, -atione (Florio).]
The action of disesteeming; the condition of
being disesteemed ; disrepute ; = DISEsTEEM 5.
1619 Denison //eav. Bang. 166 Frequent receiuing may
cause a disestimation of the Sacrament. 1626 T. H. Canssin's
Holy Crt.37'Yorayse vice..and put vertue in disestimation.
1677 Gitrin Demonol. (1867) 221 Contempt or disestima-
tion.
+Dise’xercise, v. Olds. rare. ([Dis- 6.]
trans. To put out of exercise, cease to exercise.
1644 Mitton A reop. (Arb. It will be primely to the
— t of ‘i aoe a and the stop of ‘Truth +. by
discc
Bricut Sf. /reland 1 Apr., You may be asked to dis blish
their Church. 1874 Mortey Compromise (1886) 116 The
designs imputed to the newly reformed parliament of dis-
establishing the Anglican Church.
Hence Disestablished (-z blift), Disesta’blish-
| ing ppl. ads.
1869 Daily News 2 July, The disestablished Bishops [of
the Irish Church]. 1891 Sfectator 17 Jan., He should take
the wind out of the sails of the disestablishing party.
Disesta‘blisher. [f. prec. vb.+-En!.] One
who disestablishes ; an advocate of (Church) dis-
establishment.
1869 Daily News 2 July, The disestablishers of the Irish
Church. 1885 Sat. Kev. 19 Sept. 371 Mr. Chamberlain
poses before the Glaswegians as a disestablisher.
Disesta‘blishment. [f. as prec. + -meNT.]
The act of disestablishing. a. gen.
1806 W. Taytor in Ann. Rev. 1V. 264 From the establish-
ment of Christianity under Constantine, to the beginnings
of its disestablishment under Pope Leo X. 1887 Pall Mall
G. 10 Feb. 6/t The position of the railways would justify the
disestablishment of a railway guarantee fund. —
b. sfec. The withdrawal of especial State
patronage and control from a church.
1860 Sat. Rev. 1X. 305/1 When the disestablishment
grows nearer, the Church will cease to be recruited from the
ranks of intelligence and education. 1883 A/anch. Exam.
24 Oct. 5/1 They believe that religion, and justice, and
citizenship would gain by Disestablishment.
Hence Disesta:blishmenta‘rian, an adherent of
disestablishment (also attrzd. or adj.).
1885 7 ies 4 Dec. 3/4, I have just recorded my vote against
the disestablishmentarian, 1885 Guardian 2 Dec. 1815/1 ‘The
480 Disestablishmentarian candidates have considerably
dwindled through explanations and rejections.
Disesteem (<lisést?m), sd. [f. Dis- 9 + Esteem
| sb.: cf. next, and obs. F. desestime (Godef.), It.
disestimo (Florio).] The action of disesteeming,
or position of being disesteemed ; want of esteem ;
low estimation or regard.
_ Fiorio Montaigne (1634) 66 The Turkes, a nation
ually instructed to the esteeme of armes, and disesteeme
of letters. 1670 Mitton ///st. Eng. 1. Wks. (1851) 1 Dis-
esteem and contempt of the public affairs. 1697 Drypen
Virg. Past. Pref. (1721) I. 76 Pastorals are fallen into Dis-
esteem. 3754 Epwarps Freed. Will 1. i. 195 Their Worthi-
ness of Esteem or Disesteem, Praise or Dispraise. 1810
JenTHAM Packing (1821) 91 Whatever tends to bring a man
in power into ‘disesteem’, 1884 PEnnincton Wiciif ii. =
The prevailing disesteem in which the Scriptures were held.
Disestee'm, v. [f. Dis- 6 + Esteem v.: perh.
after F. désestimer (16th c.), It. disestimare.]
1. trans. To regard with the reverse of esteem ;
to hold in low estimation, regard lightly, think
little (or nothing) of, slight, despise.
1 Daniet Cleopatra Ded., Ourselves, whose error ever
is Strange notes to like, and disesteem our own. 1629
Lynne Via tuta 195 The authority of Prelates would bee
disesteemed. ioag Wasiar Wks. (1872) XIV, 208 Nor will he
at all disesteem the precious pearl, for the meanness of the
shell. 1868 Hetrs Xealmah (18: 6) 262 Thinking that he
had somehow or other offended Ei esmere, or was greatly
disesteemed by him.
+b. To take away the estimation of. Ods. rare.
@ 1637 B. Jonson Underwoods, Ep. to ¥, Selden 40 What
fables hase you vex'd, what truth redeem'd,..opinions dis-
esteem'd, Impostures branded. ; .
+ ¢. intr. with of: To think little of, despise:
=sense I. Obs. rare.
D. Pet Jmpr. Sea 432 They that are apt to ——
and disesteem of all Scriptural counsel. 1675 Brooks Gold.
Key Wks. 1867 V. 338 The reason why they so much dis-
esteemed of Christ. ;
+2. with sudbord. clause: Not to think or sup-
ose; to think or believe otherwise than. (Cf.
(STEEM V. § c.) Obs. rare.
1677 Hate Prim, Orig. Man, 1. iii. 89 We have just reason
to deny and di this imaginary Eternity can belong
at least to the sublunary World.
Hence Disestee’med ///. a., -ing-vd/. sh,
rp | Bacon Adv. Learn, 1. iii. § 3 (1873) 20 The disesteem-
ing of those employments wherein cae isconversant, 1618
Hist, P. Warbeck in Select. Harl. Misc. (1793) 80 Heroick
c i ion of a di d prince. Woopreap
St. Teresa t. xxxiv. 242 The undervaluing and disesteeming
of all things in this life. 1860 Exucotr Life Our Lord ii.
47_A rude and lone village.. Nazareth the disesteemed.
Disestee'mer. [f. prec. + -ER!.] One who
disesteems ; a despiser.
1611 Corcr., Mespriseur, a disesteemer, contemner. 1650
Baxter Saints’ R. 1. iv. (1662) 37, I the unworthy Dis-
the disexercising and blunting our abilities.
+ Disfai-r, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 8+ Fair a]
trans. To deprive of fairness or beauty.
Pos te Fevtnam Resolves 1. xxxvi. 118 Even the body is
sta! -
Disfaith (disféi-p). [f Dis- 94 Famed a.
Want of faith; distrust, disbelief. b. Unfaithfulness.
—_ Kincstey in Life § Lett. (1878) II. 340 Having a firm
dis-faith in most English commentators. 1881 Man's Mistake
II]. viii. 127 Her righteous anger against what she believed
to be dis-faith on Keith Moriston’s part.
a. Obs. rare—°, [D1s- 10.]
Unfaithful, faithless, false.
1530 Patscr. 305/2 Begyleful, disfaythfull, cautelleux.
Disfame (disf@i'm), sb. rare. [f. Dis- 9 +
Fame. In early use a. OF. des-, disfame, var. of
def-, diffame: see Dir¥aME, Derame.] The op-
posite of fame; disrepute, reproach; defamation.
c1460 Play Sacram.791 Now ast put me from duresse
& dysfame. 1620 WILKINSON Coroners & Sherifes 11 lf three
men go together to make adisfame. 1859 Tennyson Merlin
463 And what is Fame in life but half-disfi And it
chan; ed with darkness? E
+ ‘ame, v. Ols. [a. OF. des-, disfamer,
var. of def-, diffamer: see DEFAME.] (trans. To
deprive of fame or honour ; to bring into reproach
or disrepute ; to defame.
1533 Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) LI vijb,
Great peril it is for the honourable, to be with theim that
be disfamed. 1gg50 J. Coxe Eng. & Fr. Heralds § 1 (1877)
5 Perceyvynge the frenche heralde ..in all thynges de
En gt is most noble realme.
+Disfancy, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6 +
Fancy.] rans. The reverse of to fancy; to regard
with disfavour; to Cislike.
1657 Hammonn Pastor's Motto Wks. 1684 1V. es Ortho-
dox and heretical .. are titles, that every man will yas
he lists, the one to himself and his adherents, the other to
all others that he disfancies.
Disfashion (disfe'fan), v. [f Dis- 6 + Fasnyon
v.: ef. obs. F. desfagonner to beat down, destroy,
(14th c. in Godeev| frau. To mar or undo the
fashion or shape of, to disfigure. (See FASHION v.)
@ 1535 More /¥’ks. 99 (R.) Glotony. .disfigureth the face. .
disfashioneth the ~ 8 > conte Treat. Warres
lii. Poems (1633) 81 Their wealth, strength, glory growi
from those va Which, to their ends, they ruine and dis-
fashion. 188z Cur. Rossetti ares etc. 156 Shame Itself
may be a glory and a grace, Refashioning the sin-disfash-
ioned face. 1885 Mackai. Aeneid 146 Shapes of wolves ..
whom with her potent herbs the deadly divine Circe had
disfashioned,
Disfavour, -or (disfé'va1), sb. [f. Dis- od
Favour sd., prob. after obs. F. desfaveur ‘dis-
fauor; want or losse of favour’ (Cotgr.); cf. It.
disfavore ‘a disfauour’ (Florio), Sp. desfavor.]
1. The reverse or yer of favour; unfavour-
able ey dislike, discountenance, disapproval.
21533 Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. xix. (R.) Ye
women .. with a littel disfauour Fn recouer great hatred.
1535 CoverpaLe Prov. xix. 12 The kynges disfauoure is
like y? roaringe of a Lyon. 1611 Sreep //ist. Gt. Brit.
vit. vi. § 12. 395 Robert Gemeticensis .. 5 the Cur-
taine of disfauour betwixt Goodwin and King. 1665
Wituer Lora’s Prayer 27 Not knowing how to please one
of their faigned gods without incurring the disfavour of
another. 1787 Bentnam Def. Usury Wks, 1843 IIL. 17
The disfavour which attends the cause of the money-lender
in his competition with the borrower. 1863 Loner. Way-
side Inn u, Theol. T. vidi, At the gate the x were waiting
.-Grown familiar with disfavor. 1868 M. Pattison Academ.
Org. v. 169 The name of ‘professor’ will never lose its
di until .. jiated g us with the dignity of
a life devoted to science. 3 ae: P
+ Qe An act or expression of dislike or ill will:
the —— of a favour. Ods.
x urelio & Isab. (1608) B, A thousand disfavours and
a thousande woes. 1598 YonG Diana 277 When I..had so
many disfauours of ingratefull Diana. @ 1631 Donne Serm.
Ixxxiv. VI. 403, I never needed m: fr and
disfavours to make her favours acceptable to me. 1647
Crarenvon Hist, Reb, 1. (1843) 20/2 He might dispense
favours and disfavours according to is own 4
3. The condition of being unfavourably regarded.
Hence /o e (dive, etc.) in disfavour, to bring, come,
fall, etc. into djsfavour. es
1581 Perris Guazzo's Civ. Conv. 1. (1586) 53 Devising
how to bring some Officer into the disfavour of his Prince.
1600 Hoitann Livy xxvi. xl. 615 Hee was in br ie)
and disfavour with Hanno. @ 1661 Futter Worthies (1840)
DISFAVOUR.
IIL. 281 This earl lost the love of king Charles, living many
ears in his dis-favour. 1669 Perys Diary 7 Apr., Mr.
‘den, who was in his mistress’s disfavour ever since the
other night that he come in thither fuddled. 1849 Lewis
Author. in Matters Opin. vi. § 11 (L.) The disfavour into
which it [the government] may have fallen. 1858 CartyLe
Fredk. Gt. (1865) I. 111. xix. 259 The poor young Prince..
had fallen into open disfavour.
4. In (the) disfavour of, to the disfavour of: to
the disadvantage of, so as to be unfavourable to.
1590 SWINBURNE 7'est. ts 125 The disposition is thereby
void: and that in disfauour of the testator. 1600 E. Blount
tr. Conestaggio 99 He was not bounde to obey, if it were in
his disfavour. 1710 SteELe 7atler No. 211 P 3 Acquaint-
ance has been lost through a general Prepossession in his
Disfavour. 1838 Dickens Nich, Nick. xxxiv, The first
comparisons were drawn between us, always in my dis-
favour. 1858 Froupe Hist. Eng. 111. 208 That actions of
doubtful bearing should be construed to their disfavour.
+5. Want of beauty ; ill-favouredness, disfigure-
ment. Ods. [Cf. Disravour v. 2, Favour sé. 9. ]
1706 Puitiirs (ed. Kersey), Dis/a y .. Disfigur
Hence in Baitey. 1755 JoHNsoN, Disfavour .. 3. Want of
beauty. Dict.
Disfa-vour, -or, v. [f. Dis- 6 + Favour z.:
cf. the sb.; also It. d¢sfavorire.]
1. trans. To regard or treat with the reverse of
favour or good will; to discountenance; to treat
with disapprobation.
1570 Bucuanan Admonitioun Wks. (1892) 27 Ye King
having .. persavit his unfaythfull dealing evir disfauourit
him. 1583 T. Watson Centurie of Loue xxxvi. (Arb.) 72 The
heau’ns them selues disfauour mine intent. 1669 CLARENDON
Ess. Tracts (1727) 97 Persons who are like to disfavour our
pretences. a@1745 Swirt(J.), Might not those of .. nearer
access to her majesty receive her own commands, and be
countenanced or disfavoured according as they obey? 188
Times 13 July 6/3 The railway company favours a town by
giving preferential low rates, while the trade of another
town is disfavoured by having higher rates. 1895 din.
at 130 He disfavoured controversy.
+b. To dislike. Ods. or dial.
1599 Sanpys Europe Spec. (1632) 175 Who it is thought
doth disfavour them as much as <n ether doted on Ee
1740 Dycue & Parvon, Disfavour, to dislike, to take a
pique at, or bear a grudge to a person.
+2. To mar the countenance or appearance of ;
to disfigure ; to render ill-favoured. Oéds.
1535 CoverDALE Ecclus. xiv. 6 There is no thinge worse,
then whan one disfauoureth himself. 160r HoLtanp Péiny
II. 163 It scoureth away freckles and such flecks as disfauor
the face. 1607 Topsett Four-f Beasts (1658) 159 Their
whole visages so disfigured and disfavoured in a moment
that their neerest friends .. cannot know them.
Hence Disfavoured ///. a. ,
1611 Cotar., Desfavorisé, disfauoured, out of fauour with.
1865 Atheneum 23 Dec. 889/3 The unfavoured, or rather
dist avoured, study of Sanscrit.
+ Disfa'vourable, @. Ods. [f. Dis- 10 +
Cf. It. disfavore-
FAVOURABLE, after disfavour.
vole.| Unfavourable ; adverse.
1561 Stow Rich. // an. 1377 (R.) And manie other valient
personages, who being entred the sea tasted fortune dis-
fauourable.
Hence + Disfa-vourably adv., Ods., with dis-
favour ; unfavourably, adversely.
1654 W. Mountacue Devout Ess. u. iv. § 4 (R.) These
occurrences, which look so aversely to our reasons, and so
disfavourably to our nature. 1806 J. Pytcnes in Monthly
Mag. XX1. 386 Should it be disfavourably received, I shall
support my disappointment with becoming resignation.
‘a°vourer. vure. [f. DISFAvoUR v. + -ER !.]
One who disfavours.
@1626 Bacon (J.), Had it not been for four great dis-
favourers of that voyage, the enterprize had succeeded.
‘avourite, sd. rare. [f. Dis- 9 + Favour-
ITE: cf. It. désfavorito.] One who is the opposite
of a favourite; one regarded with disfavour.
16rr Sreep Hist. Gt. Brit, 1x. viii. (1632) 555 Kings
brooke not to be braued by Subjects, nor is it wisedome
for dis-fauourites to doe it. 1884 Daily News 30 Oct. 5/t
He has his likes and dislikes, his favourites and his dis-
favourites (if we may use the word).
So +Disfa'vourite v. Obs. trans., to depose
from the position of a favourite, cast out of favour.
1624 Br. Mountracu Jnavoc. Saints 9 Aman that great
Minion of the Persian Monarch, was disfavourited in
a moment.
- Disfeat, obs. var. DEFEAT.
-Disfeature (disfrtiitu), v. [f. Dis- 7a ord+
FEaTuREsé, Cf. the parallel DeFEaTURE, and OF.
deffaiturer.| trans. To mar the features of; to
disfigure, deface. Hence Disfea'tured, Dis-
featuring ///. adjs.; Disfea‘turement. ;
1659 Lady Alimony u. ii. in Hazl. Dodsley XIV. 291 For
fear she should disfeature the comeliness of her body. 1813
Coterince Remorse ut. ii, The goodly face of Nature
Hath one disfeaturing stain the less upon it. 187 Pat-
crave Lyr. Poems 34 Through the streets they ran with
flying hair, Disfeatured in their grief, 1879 J. Topnunrer
dcestis 57 The ae of pale disfeaturing death, 1884
H. S. Hotrann Good Friday Addr. 77 The horror .. of
disfeaturement, of defilement, of impotence, to one Who
was Himself Life. 1886 Sir F. H. Dove Remin. 275,
I should be sorry to hear that it [that country] had been
entirely disfeatured.
: e‘llowship, sé. [f. Dis- 9 + FELLowsHIe
sb] Want of or exclusion from fellowship.
_ 1608 S, Hieron Defence 1. 7 Kneeling at the Lords feast
is a cariage of abasement and inferiority, and such as im-
porteth disfellowship with him. 1619 Denison Heav. Bang.
447
(1631) 323. 1882 A. Manan Autodbiog. xi. 242 The spirit of
exclusion and disfellowship.
Disfe'llowship, v. [Dis- 7¢.] ¢rans. To
exclude from fellowship (chiefly, religious com-
munion) ; to excommunicate. (Now U.S.)
1849 Mormon Regul. in Frontier (lowa) Guard. 28 Nov.
(Bartlett), No person that has been disfellowshipped, or
excommunicated from the church, will be allowed [etc.].
1882 A. Manan Axtobiog. ix. 170 In all directions we were
openly disfellowshipped. 1882-3 Scuarr Lncycl. Relig.
Knowl, 1. 836 (Benj. Randall] was called to account for
holding to an unlimited atonement and the freedom of the
will, and was disfellowshipped. 1889 J. M. Wuiton in
Chr. World Pulpit XXXVI. 139 On the strength of a few
sentences .. the Calvinists of che last century disfellow-
shipped the Wesleyans.
Disfe'n, v. [f. Dis- 7b+FeEn 5b.] ¢rans. To
deprive of the character of a fen; to make no
longer fen-land.
1881 E,W. Gosse in Excycl. Brit. X11, 62/1 The high
fens, of which the greater part have been ‘disfenned’ or
stripped of peat, are found in Groningen, Friesland.
+ Disfe'rtile, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 8+ Ferrinea.]
trans. To deprive of fertility; to make barren.
1605 SytvresteR Du Bartas uu. iii. 1. Abraham 1347
A broad standing Pool .. whose infectious breath Corrupts
the Ayr, and Earth dis-fertileth. eC
Disfe'ver, v. [f. Dis- 72+ FEVER sb.] trans.
To free from fever ; to calm.
1880 G. Merevitn 7rag. Com. xiv. (1892) 206 He stood
.. disfevered by the limpid liquid tumult, inspirited by
the glancing volumes of a force that knows no abatement.
+ Disfi'gurate, a. Os. In 4-at. [ad. med.
L. dis-, difiguratus (or It. disfigurato), pa. pple. of
disfigurare: see DISFIGURE v.] Disfigured, de-
formed, misshapen.
¢1381 Cuaucer Parl. Foules 222 Disfigurat [MS. Cambr.
Ff. 1. 6 (14..) disfygured] was she, I nyl nat lye. :
Disfiguration (disfigitiré'-fan). [n. of action
from DIsFIGURE: see -ATION. Cf. DEFIGURATION
and OF. desfiguration.] = DISFIGUREMENT.
1653 GauDEN //ierasf. 237 We shall easily see the face of |
the holy Ministry. .restored, without any Disfiguration or
Essentiall change. a 1713 Suarress. Misced/. u1. ili. (Seager)
Prostrations, disfigurations, wry faces, beggarly tones.
1800 Med. Frul. 111. 101, 1 have seen no disfiguration of
the skin from this variety of cow-pock. 1881 JEFFERIES
Wood Magic Il. vii. 195 The prince, full of ambition ..
submitted to these disfigurations.
Disfi'gurative, a rare. [f. Disricure v,
+ -ATIVE.] Having a disfiguring tendency.
1823 Examiner 452/2 You perceive in his left eye a very
strong disfigurative cast.
figure (disfirgiiir), v. Also 5 dysfyger,
-fygure, -fegoure, 5-6 disfygure, dysfigure, 6
disfygour, desfigure. [ad. OF. desfigurer (mod.
F. dé-) = Pr. and Sp. desfigurar, It. disfigurare,
med.L. difigurare in Laws of Lombards (Du
Cange), a Common Romanic vb. f. L. dés- + figura
agetes caer to figure. See also DEFIGURE.]
. trans. To mar the figure or appearance of,
destroy the beauty of ; to deform, detace.
1374 Cuaucer 7roylus 11. 174 (223) What lyst yow bus
your self to disfigure. ¢1386 — Pard. Prol. & T. 223
O dronke man, disfigured is thy face. a1450 Kut. de la
Tour (1868) 25 She had her nose croked, the whiche shent
and dysfigured her visage. 1526-34 Tinpace AZatt. vi. 16
‘They desfigure their faces, that they myght be sene of men
how they faste. 1590 Suaks. Com. Err. v. i. 183 To scorch
your face, and to disfigure you. 1667 Mitton P. LZ. x1 521
isfiguring not Gods likeness, but thirown. 1794 SULLIVAN
View Nat. 1. 195 The least smoke would disfigure the rich
landscape. 1889 Froupe Chte/s of Dunboy v. 55 His face..
. had been disfigured by a sabre cut.
b. fig. To mar or destroy the beauty or natural
form of (something immaterial).
1799 S. Turner Anglo-Sax. (1836) I. mt. iii, 168 The
authentic actions of Arthur have been so disfigured by the
additions of the minstrels. 1849 Macautay //ist. Eng. II.
111 Their diction was disfigured by foreign idioms. 1867
Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) I. vi. 433 Occasional acts of
both craft and violence disfigure the whole of his career.
+ ¢. To misrepresent injuriously. Ods.
a J. Suute Fudgem. §& Mercy (1645) 145 How ever
some detracters dis-figured him to his Prince, he never
spake of him without reverence.
+ 2. To alter the figure or appearance of ; to dis-
guise. Obs.
201370 K. Robt. Cicyle in Halliw. Nuga Poet. 55 Noman
myght hym not knowe, He was so dysfygerde in a throwe.
¢ 1385 Cuaucer L. G. W, 2046 Ariadne, And me so wel
distigure .. That ., ther shal no man me knowe. c 1450
Merlin 74 May this be true, thatoo man may hym-self thus
disfigure? 1594 Biunpevit Exerc. vit. (ed. 7) 757, The
crookednesse of the Meridians, which. .do so much disfigure
..the true shape of the Regions, as they can scant be known.
1665 Hooke Microgr. 217 ‘Ihe Sun and Moon neer the
Horizon, are disfigur'd. 1713 Appison Ca/o 1v. ii, Dis-
figur’d in a vile Numidian dress, and for a worthless woman.
+8. The technical expression for: To carve (a
peacock). Ods. 7
¢ 1470 in Hors, Shepe & G. etc. (Caxton 1479, Roxb. repr.) 3
A crane displayd A pecok disfigured A curlew anioyntek
1513 Bk. Keruing Ajin Badees Bk. 265 Disfigure that
pecocke. 1706 Puitiips (ed. Kerse ), Disfigure that Pea-
cock, i. e. Cut it up, a Term usd in Canine at Table.
+4. intr. To lose its figure, become misshapen.
@ 1618 SyLvesTER Quadrains of Pibrac xxxix, The right
Cube’s Figure .. Whose quadrat flatnesse never doth dis-
figure.
DISFOREST.
Hence Disfi'guring v/. sb. and ff/. a.
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 271 Without ony great
disfyguryng of the body. @1631 Donne in Select. (1840)
161 In our fastings, there are disfigurings. 1648 Boyle
Seraph. Love (1660) 3 By indistinct or disfiguring consider-
ations. 1775 Han. More Let. in W. Roberts A/ez. (1834)
I. 52 Binal nox: .cannot be a more disfiguring disease than
the present mode of dressing. 1895 Atheneum 27 Apr.
532/3 The most disfiguring blemish is the way in which
names are rendered.
+ Disfigure, 52. Os. [f. prec. vb.] Dis-
figurement.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer IVife's 7. 104 He [Midas] preyde hire that
to no creature She sholde tellen of his disfigure. 1590
Humble Motion with Submission 25 Nosmall disfigure vnto
Christs church. 1697 R. Peirce Bath Ment, 1. vii. 181 It
was no small Disfigure to him.
Disfigured (disfi'gitisd), Ap2. a. [f- Disricure
v. + -ED!.] Defaced, disguised, etc.; see the vb.
Hence Disfi'guredness,
14.. [see DisFicuraTE]. 1565-73 Coorer Thesaurus s.v.
Prauitas, Notable deformities in disfigured partes of the
body. /6z/. Deforinitie and disfigurednesse or crookednesse.
1598 F'Lorio, Sfigurato, formelesse, shapelesse, disfigured.
eae Soutuey Zale of Paraguay i. 27 Strangely disfigured
truths.
Disfi'gurement. [f. Disricure v.+-MENT:
cf. OF. deffigureement, later défigurement (Cotgr.).]
1. The action of disfiguring ; the fact or condition
of being disfigured ; defacement, deformity.
1634 Mitton Comus 74 And they..Not once perceive their
foul disfigurement. 1756-7 tr. Aeysler’s Trav. (1760) Il. 49
‘The Carmelite church is not cieled, the rafters. . being quite
uncovered; but this disfigurement is abundantly compen-
sated by the beauty and splendor of it in other parts.
1807-26 S. Cooper /irst Lines Surg. 359 The disease creates
both great irritation and disfigurement. 1879 M. Arnotp
Irish Cath, Mixed Ess. 115 Their vain disfigurements of
the Christian Religion.
2. Something that disfigures (by its presence or
addition) ; a deformity, defacement, blemish.
1641 Mitton Ch. Govt. vi. (1851) 129 The scaffolding ..
would be but a troublesome disfigurement, so soone as the
building was finisht. 1752 Hume Zss. xx. (R.), Pointed
similes, and epigrammatic turns, especially when they recur
too frequently, are a disfigurement rather than any embel-
lishment of discourse. 1856 STANLEY Sivad & Pad. ili. (1858)
179 This mass of rock must always have been an essential
feature or a strange disfigurement of the ‘Temple area. 1874
MIcKLETHWAN Vod. Par. Churches 175 A dial is not
necessarily a disfigurement to a tower.
Disfi‘gurer. [f. as prec. + -Er1!.] One who
or that which disfigures.
1775 Han. More Let. in W. Roberts Mes. (1834) I. 51,
I have just escaped from one of the most fashionable dis-
figurers, and, though I charged him to dress me with the
greatest simplicity, I absolutely blush at myself. 1823 W.
‘Taycor in Mfonthly Rev. Cll. 542 Some disfigurer of history.
1873 M. Arnotp Lit. & Dogma (1876) 120 A defacer and dis-
figurer of moral treasures which were once in better keeping.
+ Disfinger, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 7c + Fincer
sb.] trans. Yo let out of the fingers; to part with.
a 1652 Brome Covent Gand, 111. Wks. 1873 II. 36 Never to
look for money again, once disfinger’d.
+ Disfi't, v. Ods. [f. Dis-6 or 8+ Fiz v. or a.]
trans. To render unfit; to unfit.
1669 Pu. Henry Diarics & Lett. (1882) 218 His Age dis-
fitting him for service. a1714 M. Henry IVs, (1835) I. 107
It disfits you for communion with God. /ézd. 1. 400 By
their intemperance... [they] disfit themselves for the service
of God.
Disflesh, v. [f. Dis- 7a+Fiesusé.] ¢rans.
a. To deprive of flesh. b. To free from the flesh,
disembody.
1620 SHELTON Quix. IV. xxv. 201 The best is not to run,
that the lean strain not himself..nor the fat man disflesh
himself. 1865 Swinsurne Atalanta 17 As one on earth
disfleshed and disallied From breath or ead corruptible.
+ Disflowrish, v. Oés. [f. Dis- 6 + FLourisu
v.] itr, To wither, fade away.
1640 O. Sepewicke Christs Counsell 10 His hand may
shrivell and disflourish.
Disflow'er, v. [f. Dis- 72+ Fiowers/. Cf.
deflower.) trans, a. To deprive or strip of flowers.
b. To ruin or destroy as a flower. Hence Dis-
flowered /#/. a.
1606 SytvesterR Du Bartas u. iv. u. Trophies 1238 Our
dis-flowred Trees, our Fields Hail-torn. @ 1618 — Sed/e-
civil-War 165 A fruitless Fruit, a dry dis-flowered Flower.
1892 /dler Feb. 20 What tree.. Of its beauty then dis-
flowered.
Disfoliaged : see Dis- 7 a.
Disforest (disfy'rést), v. Also 7 disforrest.
[ad. OF. desforester, f. des- = Dis- 4 + Forest.
Cf. the synonymous DeForest, DE-AFFOREST, DIs-
AFFOREST, med.L. deafforestare, disafforestare.]
1. trans. =DISAFFOREST I.
1goz ArNoLDE Chron. (1811) 208 Yf any wood other than
y? lordis wood..be aforestid, to y° hurte of hym of whom
y? wood were, it shalbe disforestid. 1542-3 Act 34-5
Hen. VIII, c. 2t Disparked, disforested or destroied. 16x
Speen Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xix. 60 [He] disforrested the great
Field of Wichwood, which King Edward his Brother had
inclosed for his game. 1726 AYLIFFE Pavergon 217 (L.) The
Archbishop of Dublin was fined three hundred marks for
disforesting a forest belonging to his archbishoprick. 1860
Trotiore Framley P. i. 17 The forest will be disforested.
b. fig.
1624 Br. Hatt Peace-maker Wks. (1625) 537 The great
King of Heauen will disforest that peece of the World which
DISFORESTATION.
hee calls his Church, and ny it to tillage. 2829 Sourney
Sir 7. More 11. 338 My old haunts as a book-hunter in the
metropolis were disforested, to make room for the improve-
ments between Westminster and Oxford Road.
2. To clear of forests or trees,
@1668 Davenant Anglesey Wks. (1673) 288 Or did her
voyce .. Make all the Trees dance after her, And so your
Woods disforrested? 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. II. 180 The
ses axe ..accompanied the sword.. till the island
became almost disforested. R. F. Burton Gorilla L.
II. 275 These bush-burnings have .. disforested the land.
Hence Disfo vol. sb.; Disforesta*tion.
1613-8 Daniet Coll. Hist. Eng. (1626) 167 The allowance
of what disforrestation had heeretofore beene made was
earnestly vrged. 1862 QO. Rev. Apr. 289 Before the dis-
foresting of Cranborne Chace. 1870 H. Macmitian Bible
Teach. iv. 70 Palestine has become a parched and sterile
land, on account of the disforesting of its mountains,
+ Disfo'rm, a. Ods. [Variant of Dirror a.]
Not in conformity : the opposite of ConFrorM a.
1656 Artif Handsom. 171 The .. rule of all humane
actions..is the mind and end of the doer, either conforme
or disforme to the holy revealed will of God.
{| In this and the following words dis/ (di//) is probably
sometimes a misprint for dif,
Disform (disff-im), v. rare. [f. Dis- + Form
v.: cf. the earlier parallel formations Dirror,
DerorM, of Romanic origin.]
+1. trans. To mar the form, character, or con-
dition of ; to deform, disfigure, deface. Ods.
1§27 Lydgate's Bochas vu. (1554) 171 b, We be disfourmed
(MS. Hari. 1766, \f. 175, dyfformyd] in certeyn. 1557
Paynev Larclay’s fugurth 11 b, Now disformed by miserable
calamite, poore and needy. 1623 tr. Kavine’s Theat. Hon.
111, ii. 334 Disformed by abuse and Simonie. 1658 A. Fox
Wurtz’ Surg. ui. xviil. 279 The blister .. maketh still the
wound disformed, so that it groweth brown.
2. To change or alter the form of, put out of
shape, b, zr. (for ref.) To lose or alter its
form or arrangement. rave.
1868 GLapstone ¥uv. Mundi viii. (1870) 304 They seem
to form, disform, and re-form before us, like the squares
of coloured glass in the kaleidoscope. 1890 Sat. Kez.
15 Mar. 326/1 A .. verb éxrvméw, to difform or disform, and
a.. substantive, ¢«r¥mwua, disformation or alteration.
+ Disformate, @. Obs. rare. [ad. med.L.
disformat-us, pa. pple. of dtsformare (for cl.L. az-
Jormare): cf. It. dtsformare, OF. desformé de-
formed.] Deformed, disfigured.
1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 11. 219 a/2 It is
better for me to walke.. bare hede and all dysformate.
Disforma‘tion. vare. [n. of action from
Disrorm v, 2.] Alteration of shape, deformation.
1890 [see Disror™ 7. 2].
+ Disfo'rmed, #//. a. Obs. rare. [f. Disrorm
v. or OF. desformé + -ED.] a. Deformed, mis-
shapen. b. Of different form: = D1rFoRMED,
rsgr Percivart SP. Dict. Disforme, disformed [Minsheu
(1623) deformed], disagreeing in shape, Deforntis. 1644
Dicsy Nat, Bodies (1645) 1. 405 Another childe .. borne
disformed, in such sort as Divels are painted.
+ Disforrmity. O¢s. rare. [Variant of Dir-
ForMITY ; cf. DisFoRM.] a, =DEFoRMITY (quot.
1494). b. Want of conformity : =Dirrormiry.
1494 Fasyan Chron. vt. clix. 149 [They] chase rather to
dye than to lyue in pryson with yt dysformyte. 1600 F.
Wacker Sp. Aandewille 21 b, The bones of Orestes. . being
measured, were 7 cubits long..and yet this is no great dis-
formity in respect of that which followeth,
+ Disforrtune. Oés.rare. [ad. OF. desfortune,
f. des-, Dis- 4 + fortune ForTUNE.] Adverse for-
tune, misfortune.
@ 1529 Sketton Be. 3 Foles, These enuious neuer laughe
but .. at the disfortune of some body. 1856 Aurelio & /sab.
(1608) N iv, Wyse men unto their ennemys oughte to keape
their disfortunes cloase. 1592 Bacon Confer. Pleasure (1870)
5 A.. griefe wt ariseth .. of .. y* accesse of a disfortune.
+ Disfra‘me, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 6 + FRr&ME v.]
trans. To destroy the frame, form, or system of ;
to undo the framing of, = out of order, derange.
c16ag Layton Syons Plea Ep. Ded., Our disframed and
distempered State, from Head to Foote is all but one sore.
1644 Quartes Barnabas § B. 314, 1, the work of thine. own
hands, but wholly disframed by mine own corruptions.
Disfranchise (disfra-ntfiz, -aiz),v. Also 5-6
disfraun-. [f. Dis- 6+ FRANCHISE v.: probably
representing an AF. des-, disfranchir, -franchiser,
f. des-, Dis- 4 + franchir, franchiss-, and fran-
chiser. Cf. the synonymous DISENFRANCHISE,
For pronunciation see note to ENFRANCHISE. ] »
trans, To deprive of the rights and privileges of
a free citizen of a eos ag city, or country, or of
some franchise previously enjoyed.
1467 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 45 How a citezen shalle be dis-
fraunchised. 1538 in W. H. Turner Select Rec. Oxford
(1880) 132 He.,shalbe dysfranchesed opynly at Carfox. 1542
Fabyan's Chron. vit. 695 In y* sayd mayrs tyme, Sir Wylliam
Fitz-William (was) disfraunchysed, because he wolde not be
shyryfe. 1638 in aap ee gery Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 126
Hath .. beene disfranchised of his freedome of the same
towne, 1673 Baxter Let. in Answ. Dodwell 86 An Emperor
might, .depose all the —— by st the Cities,
1765 Biackstone Comm. 1, 484 Any particular member
may be disfranchised, or lose his place in the corporation,
by acting contrary to the laws of the society, or the laws of
the land. x Ruskin Lect. Art i. 29 They are no more
to consider themselves therefore disfranchised from their
native land than the sailors of her fleets do.
448
b. esp. To deprive (a place, etc.) of the right
of returning parliamentary or other tatives;
to deprive (persons) of the right of voting in par-
liamentary, municipal, or other elections.
1 Lurreett Brief Rel. (2857) V. 241 The commons
ordered a bill to be brought in to disfranchize that h.
1772 Funius Lett. \xix. 361, 1 question the power .. of the
legislature to disfranchise a number of boroughs. 184
Spatpine /taly & /t. Jsi. U1. 55 This system boldly shook
off democracy ; for the citizens at were disfranchised.
1862 Lo. Broucuam Brit. Const, viii. 100 The decayed ©
ey h
burghs were disfr d, and their 's given to the
counties, 1876 Bancrort Hist. U.S. 1. xx. 548 The elective
franchise was restored to the freemen whom the previous
assembly had disfranchised. :
ce. transf.and fig. To deprive of or exclude from
anything viewed as a privilege or right.
1581 q Bett Haddon's Answ. Osor. 498 We are not so
mynded ..as to seeke to disfraunchise you of your froward,
malapert sawcinesse. 1585-7 T. Roorrs 39 Art. (1607) 311
A prince contemning the censures of the church, is to
disfranchised out of the church. 1 Warsurton Div.
Legat, 1. xliv. Ded., Disfranchized of the Rights you have
so wantonly and wickedly abused. 1846 Grote Greece 1.
xvi. I. 567 Oracles which had once been inspired became
after a time forsaken and disfranchised.
Hence Disfra*nchised ///. a., Disfranchising
vbl. sb. and Ppl. a.
1467 in Exg. Gilds (1870) 378 Vppon ps of euerych of
them of disfraunchesynge. 1646 J. Hatt Hore I’ac. 13
Wise men are timerous in the disfranchishing of their judge-
ment. 19778 Funius Lett. \xix. 361 The disfranchising of
boroughs .. I consider as equivalent to robbing the parties
of their freehold. 1865 Cornh. Mag. Aug. 166 The disfran-
chised agent challenged his disfranchiser. 1870 Daily News
28 Dec., The disfranchising effect of the cumulative vote.
Disfranchisement (disfracntfizmént). [f.
prec. +-MENT: cf. the parallel franchisement, af-,
en-franchisement.| The action of disfranchising
or fact of being disfranchised ; deprivation of the
privileges of a free citizen, especially of that of
yoting at the election of members of the legisla-
ture.
1623 CockeraM, Disf/ranchisement, a taking away of ones
freedome. 1647 Warp Simp. Cobler 50 Such usurpations
are the .. disfranchisements of Freedome. 1766 Sir J
Burrow Reforts I. 525 (Jod.) In Yates's case it is said there
must be a custom, or a statute to warrant disfranchisement.
1825 Syp. Smitu Sf. Wks. 1859 II. 211/2 These very same
politicians are now looking in an agony of terror at the dis-
franchisement of Corporations containing twenty or thirty
persons, sold to their representatives. 1877 Mrs. OLIPHANT
Makers Flor. ii. 33 The revenge taken .. was no less than
the complete disfranchisement of the Florentine nobility.
snchiser. [f. DIsFRANCHISE v. + -ER}.]
One who or that which disfranchises.
1861 Working Men's Coll. Mag.111. 46 Improvidence and
intemperance. .are the wholesale disfranchisers of the great
‘unrepresented’ class. 1865 [see DisrRaNcuiseD).
+ Disfra‘nge, v. Obs. rare. [irreg. f. Dis- 1
+ L. frang-ére to break. (The L. compound was
diffringere.)| trans. To break in pieces.
1778 Artuorre Preval. Chr. 254 Broken columns and dis-
franged marbles.
+ snk, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 7¢+
Frank 56, pig-sty, boar-stall.] ¢rans. ‘To set
free from the /rax&, or place in which an animal
was confined for feeding’ (Nares).
is Hist. Albino & Bellama 131 (N.) Intending to dis-
frank an ore-growne boare.
+ Disfrau‘ght, v. Obs. rare. f. Dis- 7a
+ Fravueut 9d, cargo, load.) ¢rans. To unload.
1599 Nasne Lenten Stuffe (1871) 158 Having disfraughted
unloaded his luggage.
. Dis- 6 + Fre-
+ Disfreque'nt, v. Obs.
QuENT v.] ¢vans. To cease to frequent or attend.
1646 GauLe Cases Consc. 82 Noted for long dis-frequenting
and neglecting the Church. 1666 G. Atsor Maryland (1869)
41 The Hogs .. do disfrequent home more than the rest of
Creatures that are look’d upon as tame. <
Hence + Disfreque-nter, one who disuses.
cw ad Kingdomes Weekly Intelligencer 16 Mar. 453 The
Disfrequenters of the Gowne shall put it on againe.
+Disfri‘ar, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 7b + Frran.]
trans, To deprive of the order of a friar; refi.
to divest oneself of friar’s orders.
1599 Sanpys Europa Sec. (1632) 22 Over great severitie
would cause a great number to disfrier themselves.
Futter Holy War vy. vi. (1647) 238 Many did quickly un-
nunne and disfriar themselves.
+ Disfriendship. Ots.
sHiv.] The opposite of frien
enmity, disaffection.
Se. fe iP 7V’(1597)$ 40 Swa that it make na mair
trouble nor dis-freindship amangst the Kings lieges.
Fenton Guicciard. 1. 107 They pretended to haue no dis-
friendship with him. 16g2 Eart Mono. tr. Bentivoglio's
Histor. Rel. 41 They have no occasion of friendship or
disfriendship with the King of Polonia.
"ck, v. [f. Dis- + Frock sd.: cf. OF.
des-, deffroguer, and DeFRock.] ¢rans. To deprive
of the clerical garb, and hence of the clerical
character; to unfrock, Hence Disfro*cked
f. Dis- 9 + FRrenp-
ip ; unfriendliness,
Ppl. a. .
1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev. II. 1. i. (1872) 4 Disfrocked Chabot
adjures Heaven that at least we may ‘have done with
Kings’. 1856 Froupve Hist. Eng. 11. 29 The continent was
covered with disfrocked monks. x + James American
309 If the abbé is disfrocked for his in it.
DISGARNISH.
Disfulfi'l, v. xonce-wd. [Dis-6.] trans. To
do the opposite of fulfilling; not to fulfil. Hence
1818 Seen Chere Ei Should i
be disfulfilled, then or pong Paul 28 Hes <i
would have been disfulfiiled ; but. .his purposes would
ve been fulfilled. /éid., The disfulfilment would indeed
take place. ‘
+ Disfu-lze, v. Sc. Obs. [a. OF. desfucille-r,
deff-, mod.F. défeutller, {. des-, Dis- + feuille \eaf.]
trans. To strip of leaves: =DerromL v.!, Dero-
LIATE v. ‘
¢1375 Barsour 77oy-bk, 11. 1652 And had pe treis dis-
pulzeit Of pare faire flouris and disful3eit. '
Disfu v. [ad. OF. desfourniss-, ex-
tended stem of desfournir, also deff-, défournir, f.
des-, Dis- 4 + fournir to Furnisu.] trans, To
deprive or divest of that wherewith it is furnished ;
to strip of furniture or belongings; to render de-
stitute (of).
153t Exyor Gov. u. vii. (1883) 75 Whan the emperour
shall be disfurnisshed of seruauntes. 1577 Fenton Gold.
Epist. 183 He hath disfurnished them of their principal
weapons. 159% Suaks. 7%wo Gent. 1. i. 14 My riches, are
these poore habiliments, Of which, if you should here dis-
furnish me, You take the sum and substance that I haue.
1649 Rozerts Clavis Bibl. 249 Disfurnishing the Temple of
utensils, 1732 Neat //ist. Purit. I. 222 The risk the
University would run of being disfurnished of students. 5 <4
Ricuarvson Clarissa Wks. 1883 VIII. 432 Her closet,
chamber, her cabinet, given up to me to disfurnish, 1887
Lowett Democr. 203 The Indians showed a far ter
natural predisposition for disfurnishing the outside of other
people's heads than for furnishing the insides of their own.
Hence Disfu'rnished ///. a., Disfurnishing
vol. sb.
1577 Gascoicne Wks. (1587) 204 Though his absence
were ies hir a disfurnishing of eloquence. 1670 CoTTon
Espernont.u. 46 To succour a weak, and disfurnish'd Prince,
against an armed and prevailing Subject. 1 SouTHey
Lett, (1856) 1. 73, I seize a leisure minute, and a disfurnished
room..to write to you. 1857 H. Micter Zest. Rocks vii.
270 The disfurnished earth was peopled anew.
isfu'rnishment. [f. prec. + -ment.] The ac-
tion of disfurnishing, or fact of being disfurnished.
1603 Breton Dign. or Ind. Man 202 For his Disfurnish-
ment of Defence, his Defenders are provided. 1613-18
Dantrx Coll, ist. Eng. (1626) 28 [He] withdrawes all cattle
and prouisions .. for their owne store, and disfurnishment
of the enemie. 1820 Lams Elia Ser. 1. Two Races of Men,
Thus, furnished by the very act of disfurnishment ; getting
rid of the cumbersome luggage of riches.
Disfu'rni Obs. [f. Dis- 9 + Furnt-
TURE.) - The act of disfurnishing ; removal, depriva-
tion; disfurnishment.
1565 Act 8 Eliz. c. 11 § 1 The Disfurniture of Service to
be done to the Queen’s Majesty. W. Mountacue
Devout Ess. u. viii. § 3 (R.) We may..with much ease bear
the disfurniture of such transitory moveables.
+ Disga'ge, v. Ods. [a. 16th c. F. desgager
‘to vngage, disingage’ (Cotgr.), OF. desguagzer,
mod.F. dégager, f. des-, Dis- 4 + gager to engage,
pledge, wager.] ¢rans. To release from pledge or
pawn ; to set free, er 8.
1594 Kyp Cornelia ut, in . Dodsley V. 209 But when
our soul the body hath disgag'd, It seeks the common ge
of the dead. 1603 Hottanp //utarch's Mor. 232(R.) Those
who had lever lay to gage and pawn their goods .. then
to sell up all and disgage themselves at once.
‘Mant, . Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 8 +
Gatant a.) trans. To strip or deprive of gal-
lantry or courage; to discourage, dispirit. ==
1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. m1. i, Sir, let not this dis-
countenance or dis-gallant you a whit. 1640 GLArTHoRNE
Ladies Privil, 1. s. (1874) IL. 97, 1 would not have..
the least Pimple in her countenance discompos'd, it does
Disgallant a whole beauty.
(dis\dgzé''l), v. Obs. rare, [f. Dis- 7b
+Gaot sb.] trans. To divest of the character or
nature of a gaol.
1847 Dicces Unlaw/. Taking Arms § 4. 160 He will con-
tribute His utmost endeavours, that His owne Castles..may
be disgaoled.
‘rhage, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 7a
+ GArBAGe.] “vans. To deprive of the entrails ;
to disembowel. Hence + Disga‘rbaging v?/. si.
1612 tr. Benvenuto's Passenger piel he winter time they
are excellent, so they be fat and quickely roasted, without
disgarbaging of them.
t rboil, v. Obs. ff Dis- 5 + GARBOIL
taken in sense ‘ disbowel’, perh. through confusion
with garbage: cf. Jee trans. To disbowel.
deny plat Pat. Pleas. (1575) U1. Pref., Aristotimvs dis-
grees the intralles of Tiranny. 1599 Broughton's Lett.
ii. 13 Which sacrifice you could neuer yet offer. .till you ..
disgarboyle your selfe of those corrupt affections.
(disga-sland), v. ie Dis- 7a +
GaRLAnD sé.] ¢rvans. To divest of a garland or
garlands. ence Disga‘rlanding vé/. sé.
1616 Drumm, or Hawtn. Poems Wks. (1711) 12 O Pan ..
Forsake thy pipe, a scepter take to thee, Thy locks disgar-
land, thou ek ders Il be. 1879 G. Merepitn Fgoist
II. 315 Good was to the disgarlanding of
themselves thus far.
(disgi-mif), v. [a. OF. (Gan ede
extended stem of desgarnir, - zr (11th c, in
Piligarny, £
Hatz.-Darm,), mod.F. dégarntr, f. des-, DES- 4 +
garnir to GARNISH.) .
DISGARNISHED.
trans. To deprive of that which garnishes or
furnishes; to strip of garnishment, disfurnish, de-
spoil.
Ogi ilerlin 291 Thei wolde not disgarnyssh the londe of
peple. 148x Caxton A/yrr. ut. xxi, 181 Synne .. is voyde
and disgarnysshed of all goodnes, 1530 Parser. 519/1 ‘This
house is disgarnysshed, me thynke, now he is gone. 1
Barret Theor. Warres v. i. 148 Whosoeuer is found dis-
rnished of his Armes. 1649 Drumm. or Hawrn. Hist.
‘as. I, Wks. (1711) 2 If it should fall forth. .that this prince
usurpers and rebels were disgarnished of his own crown.
1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto's Trav. |x. (1663) 247 The Scaffold
was disgarnished of all the richest pieces about it. 183
Sir W. Naren Penins. War x1. viii. (Rtldg.) 11. 125 The
front .. was .. disgarnished of troops. 1868 Hotme LEE
B. Godfrey xxvi. 137 The small sleeping-closets .. had been
disgarnished. .
Peace Disga‘rnished ///. a.; -ing vd/. sd.
48. Caxton G. dela Tour Aj, Vhey ben yonge and litil
an Srmgucnyeihio’ of all wytte and reson. 1523 Lp. Brr-
ners Froiss. 1. ccclxxvi. 626 Whan they were come to this
ssage..they founde it nat disgarnished, 1812 Edin. Rev.
X. 249 For the disgarnishing of idolatrous houses,
Disga‘rrison, v. Obs. or arch. [f. Dis- 7a
+ Garrison 56.) trans. To deprive of a garrison.
1594 J. Dickenson A visbas (1878) 42 The .. discouerers of
my desire, disgarisond my thoughts of wonted fancies.
1647 Sin T. Fairrax Let, in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm.
App. v. 3, I have thought fit to give order to Major Mark-
ham to remove the forces from Belvoir and to disgarrison
the place. 1691 Woop 4/¢A. O-ron. Il. 298 When Winchester
Castle was > cachet it was given to him. 1879 Q. Rev.
No. 295. 171 Next year the castle was disgarrisoned.
Disgavel (disge'vél),v. Law. [f. Dis- 7a+
gavel (GAVELKIND) sb.] trans. To relieve or
exempt from the tenure of gavelkind. Hence
Disga‘velling vé/. sd. and pf/. a.
1683 SiperFin Ref. 1. 137 Les primer Statutes de Disgavel-
ing come Wiats Stat.15 H.8. 1741 T. Roninson Gavel
kind i. 6 Before the Time of the disgavelling Statute. 1767
Bviackstone Com, II. 85 By statute 31 Hen. VIII. c. 3. for
disgavelling the lands of divers lords and gentlemen in the
county of Kent, they are directed to be descendible for the
future like other lands, which were never holden by service
of socage. 1875 BLackmore Alice Lorraine I. xv. 151 ‘The
land had been disgavelled. 1881 19/4 Cent. Aug. 298 Not-
withstanding the disgavelling of many estates ,, the area
subject to the operation of the law is still large.
Disgeneral, Disgenius: sce Dis- 7 a, 9.
Disgeneric, a. [Dis- 10] Of differen.
genera: the opposite of congeneric,
In recent Dicts.
Disgest, -gestion: see Dicrst, D1cEsTIon.
+ Disge’ntilize, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6 +
GENTILIZE.] ¢vans, To deprive of gentle rank.
1621 Court §& T. ¥as. J (1849) 11. 242 Some say he shall..
be ite disknighted and disgentilised for ever.
+ Disghi'belline, v. Obs, nonce-wd. [Dis-
7 b.] ‘vans, To distinguish, as a Guelph from
a Ghibelline.
1672 Marvett Reh. Transf. 1. 299 In their conversation
they thought fit to take some more license the better to dis-
Ghibeline themselves from the Puritans,
Disgig v.: see Dis- 7 a.
+ Disgird, v. O%s. [f. Dis- 6 + Grrp v.]
trans. ‘Yo strip of that which girds ;' to ungird.
1610 HoLtanp Camden's Brit. 1.780 Afterwards disgirded
of his militarie Belt.
Disgise, etc., obs. form of Discuise, etc.
+ Disglorify, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6 +
Gtoriry v.] ‘rans, To deprive of glory; to treat
with dishonour,
1577 Der Relat, Spir. 1. (1659) 64 Angels .. in state dis.
lorified and drent in confusion, 1671 MILTon Samson 442
is; lorified, blasphem’d and had in scorn,
+Disglory. O¢s. [f. Dis- 9 + Guory sé.]
The opposite of glory: dishonour,
1547-64 BauLpwin Mor, Philos. (Palfr.) u.ii, What greater
ground of disglory? What greater occasion of dishonour ?
1577 NortHsrookE Dicing (1843) 20 How can you say that
you are gathered togither in Christes name, when you doe
all things to the disglorie thereof.
+ Bisglorse, v. Obs. rare. [f. Drs- 5 + glose,
GtozE v.] To beguile or deceive thoroughly,
1565 Darius (1860) 23 Surely my eyes do dysglose If yonder
I do not see hym commynge.
+Disglo’ss,v. Ols. rare. [f. Dis- 7a + Goss
5b.) trans. To deprive of gloss or sheen.
1562 Puarr neid. 1x. Ddj, Stones with bumpes his
plates disglosse.
glut, v. rare. [f. Dis- 6+ Gur v.] trans.
To empty of its contents.
1800 Hurpis Fav. Village 100 The sportsman’s tube, dis-
glutted o'er the lake, Pours a long echo.
Disglu‘tinate, v, rare. [f. Dis- 6 + Guurin-
ATEV.| trans. To unglue, DEGLUTINATE.
1870 C. J. Smitn Syu.§ Antonyms, Agglutinate, Antonym
«Resolve, Disglutinate.
Disgo'dded, //. a. rare. [f. Dis- 7+Gop+
Poe Deprived of godhead or divinity; ungod-
ike.
1877 Buackte Wise Men 36 Leaving For the bright smile
that warms the face o’ the world A bald, disgodded, light-
less, loveless grey !
‘olf, obs. form of DiseuLr v,
Disgood : see Dis- 8.
[Disgore, spurious word in Ash, etc,: see Dis-
GORGE 3.]
Vor, III.
‘the
449.
Disgorge (disg#1dz), v. [ad. OF. desgorger
(mod... dégorger, whence DeGorGe), f. des-, Dis-
4+ gorge throat, GorGE: cf. It. (dz)sgorgare.]
1. ¢vans. To eject or throw out from, or as from,
the gorge or throat ; to vomit forth (what has been
swallowed).
¢ 1477 Caxton Yason75 The which thre bestes so dredefull
disgorged and caste out fyre of their throtes. 1601 HoLLAND
Piiny 1. 307 [Rats] swallow. .them whole downe the gullet,
and afterwards straine and struggle .. vntill they disgorge
again the feathers and bones that were in their bellies. 1677
Orway Cheats of Scapin 1. i, How easily a Miser swallows
a load, and how difficultly he disgorges a grain. 1774
Gotps. Nat. Hist.(1776) VII. 311 Vhe leech..disgorges the
blood it has swallowed, and it is then kept for repeated ap-
plication. 1873 Miss THackeray Old Kensington ii, Jonah’s
whale swallowed and disgorged him night after night.
b. fig. To discharge as if from a mouth; to
empty forth; esp. to give up what has been wrong-
fully appropriated.
ar SkeLton 7routh & Information (R.) But woo to
suche informers .. That .. Disgorgith theyr veneme, 1587
Turserv. 7 rag. 7. (1837) 228 Disgorge thy care, abandon
feare. 1606 Suaks. 77. § Cr. Prol. 12 The deepe-drawing
Barke do there disgorge ‘Their warlike frautage. 1776
Gipson Decl. & F. 1. iv. 84 The dens of the amphitheatre
disgorged at once a hundred lions, 1808 WELLINGTON in
Gurw. Desf. 1V. 12t Some mode ..to make the French
Generals disgorge the church plate which they have stolen.
1855 Prescott /’ilip 1/, 1. u. iii. 173 It was..time that
the prisons should disgorge their superfluous victims. 1882
J. Taytor Sc. Covenanters (Cassell) 153 The grandson..
was compelled to disgorge the property of which the General
had plundered the Covenanters,
e. absol.
1608 Armin Nest Ninn. 7 The World, ready to disgorge at
so homely a present. 1638 Sir 1. Herbert 7 rav. (ed. 2) 223
After I had disgorg’d abundantly, I fell into a sound sleepe.
1667 Mitton P?. LZ. xu. 158 The river Nile... disgorging at
seaven mouthes Into the Sea, 1794 SuLLivan View Nat,
II. Y iij, Caverns full of water .. disgorging upon the earth.
1868 Mirman Sf, /aul’s 351 At the Restoration he was
forced to disgorge.
2. trans. To discharge or empty (the stomach,
mouth, breast, ctc.).
¢ 1592 Martowe Massacre Paris 11. ii, Then come, proud
Guise, and here disgorge thy breast. 1597 Suaks. 2 Hex. /I’,
1. iii. 97 So, so, (thou common Dogge) did’st thou disgorge
Thy glutton-bosome of the Royall Richard. 1637 HEywoov
Dial. 1, Wks. 1874 VI. 100 Their stomacks some disgorg’d.
1861 Hutme tr. Aloguin-Tandon i. i. iv. 146 It was the
custom to throw away all leeches which had been used; they
are now disgorged, and preserved for a future occasion.
b. veff. To empty or discharge oneself.
1607 J. Kinc Serv, 27 Nov., They..want but meanes and
matter wherein to disgordg themselues. ¢1645 Howe.
Lett. (1650) I. 9 The sea .. meeting .. rivers that descend
from Germany to disgorge themselves into him. 1679
Establ, Test 24 1f the Spirit moves, he can disgorge himseif
against the Priests of Baal, the Hirelings. 1712 AppIsoN
Spect. No. 309 P 15 The four Rivers which disgorge them-
selves into the Sea of Fire. 1868 HawrHorne Amer, Note-
bks. (1879) I. 231 Several vessels were disgorging themselves.
+3. Faritery. To dissipate an engorgement or
congestion [cf. F. dégorger in same sense]. Ods.
1727 Baitey vol. II., Disgorge [with Farriers] is to discuss
or disperse an Inflammation or swelling. 1737 [see Dr-
Gorcer]. 32753 CHamBers Cycl. Suppl. s.v., If a horse's legs
are gorged or swelled, we say he must be walked out to
disgorge them, [775 Asn mispr. Désgore; whence in some
mod. Dicts.]
Hence Disgo'rged ///. a., Disgo'rging vd/. s
16rr Cotcr., Desgorgé, disgorged. Desgorgement, a dis-
gorging. 1632 Litucow 7rav. vi. 255 Woefull accidents,
and superabounding disgorgings [floods]. 168r N. Resspury
Fun. Serm.g As he had been a mighty devourer of Books,
so his very disgorgings .. had generally more relish than the
first cookery. 1822 t L. Peacock Maid Marian xiv, The
reluctant disgorgings of fat abbots and usurers.
Disgorgement (disgf-1dzmént). [f. prec. vb.
+ -MENT: cf. OF. desgorgement (1548 in Hatz.-
Darm.,).] The action of disgorging ; a discharging
as from the throat or stomach.
©1477 Caxton Yasonu 115b, The cloth of golde shone by
isgorgements of the water. 1632 Litucow 77av. 1. 13
This River of Tyber .. made muster of his extravagant
disgorgements. @ 1656 Br. Hatt Rem. Wks. (1660) 162 The
+ presses are openly defiled with the most loathsome dis-
gorgements of their wicked blasphemies. _ 1788 CLarkKson
Impol. Slave Tr. 55 There is a continual disgorgement of
seamen from these vessels into the islands, 1837 Blackw.
Mag. XI. 146 The disgorgemert of past plunder.
—<e (disgg'1dzaz). [ft. as prec. +-ER1,]
One who or that which disgorges. sec. A device for
extracting a gorged hook from the throat of a fish.
1867 F. Francis A vgling iv. (1880) 129 A disgorger .. is a
-piece of metal or bone with a notch at the end. ae Se
HENGE’ Brit, Sports. V. iii. § 10. 337 Attempting,
of the disgorger, to remove them while he is alive.
Fisheries Exhib, Catal. 62,
+ Disgo'spel, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [f. Dis- 7a
+ GospEL sb.] trans. To deprive of the gospel
or of gospel character; to oust the gospel from
practical life. Hence + Disgo'spelling /7/. a.
1642 Mitton Afol, Smect. xii. Wks. 1738 I. 133 Who pos-
sess huge Benefices for lazy Performances, great Pceaatioes
only for the execution of a cruel disgospelling Jurisdicti
{Dis- 6.] ¢rans,
Disgo'spelize, v. rare.
y means
1883
_To epic of or exclude from the gospel.
1888 S. G. Osnorne in Times 6 Oct. 12/3 That tens of
thousands .. are living disgospelized, so born and reared as
to be of a race the gospel ., teachings cannot touch,
DISGRACE,
+ Disgou't, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 7 a+ Gour
sb.| trans. To free or relieve from gout.
1611 Fiorio Sgottare..also to disgout. 1748 RicHaRDSON
Clarissa Wks. 1883 VII. 286 Lord M. .. turning round and
round .. his but just disgouted thumb,
Disgo-vern, v. vonce-wd. [Dis- 6.] trans.
To leave ungoverned ; to refrain from governing.
3878 H. Wricut Mental Trav. 78 The object of states.
manship at Nomunniburgh is not to govern but to disgovern
as much as possible,
Disgown (disgau'n), 7, [f. Dis- 7a + Gown sd.:
cf. disrobe.] a. trans, Yo strip or deprive (any one)
of his gown, sfec. of a university or clerical gown,
and thus of the degree or office which it symLolizes.
b. intr. (for reft.) To throw off or relinquish one’s
gown.
21734 Nortu Exam. (1740) 222 (D.) He disgowned and
put on a sword. 1887 Globe 1 Oct. 2/4 [He] had been a
clergyman, but had been disgowned for malpractices.
Disgrace (disgré's), sb. [a. F. disgrace ‘a
disgrace, an ill-fortune, defeature, mishap; also
vncomelinesse, deformitie, etc.’ (Cotgr.), ad. It. dis-
grasia ‘a disgrace, a mishap, a misfortune’ (Florio),
f Dis- 4+grazia Grace; cf. Sp. desgracia ‘ dis-
grace, misfortune, unpleasantness’, med.L. disgratia
(1gth c, in Du Cange).]
1. The disfavour of one in a powerful or exalted
position, with the withdrawal of honour, degrada-
tion, dishonour, or contumely, which accompanics
it: +a. as exhibited by the personage who inflicts
it (obs.); b. as incurred or experienced by the
victim: the state of being out of favour and honour.
@ 158r Petrie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. 1. (1586 28b, Shee
went about to bring into the disgrace of the Dutches all
the Ladies of the Court. 1600 E. Biount tr. Conestageio
12 Ambition and feare of the Kings disgrace were of such
force, that the Nobles. .durst not open their mouthes.
1586 A. Day £ Secretary (1625) 1. 142 Vhe disgrace
that quickly you shall sustaine. “1605 Suaks. A/acé. ut. vi.
23, I heare Macduffe liues in disgrace. 1659 IB. Harris
Parival's [ron Age 267 The Spaniards offered him (Card.
Mazarin] all kindness of favour in his disgrace. 1849
Macautay “Hist, Eng. 11. 160 The King .. had determined
that the disgrace of the Hydes should be complete. A/a:t.
‘The minister was living in retirement, being in disgrace at
Court.
te. A disfavour; a dishonour; an affront. Ods.
21586 Sipney (J.), ‘To such bondage he was .. tied by her
whose disgraces to him were graced by her excellence.
1586 B. Younc Guazzo's Civ, Conv. wv. 206b, With my un-
luckie sport I have gotten your disgraces. a 1626 Bacon
(Webster 1864), The interchange continually of favours
and disgraces. 1651 Hoppes Govt, & Soc. xv. § 18. 257 If
it command somewhat to be..done, which is not a disgrace
to God directly, but from whence by reasoning disgracefull
consequences may be derived. 1739 Cipser 4 fol. (1756) 1.
296 Several little disgraces were put upon them.
+2. The disfavour of Fortune (as a disposer of
human affairs); adverse fortune, misfortune. Ods.
1590 GREENE Newer foo late (1600) 2 Midst the riches of
his tace, Griefe deciphred high disgrace. 1600 E. BLounr
tr. Conestaggro 15 Sent his ambassadors to the said King,
‘letting him understand of his disgrace. 1653 H. Cocan tr,
Pinto's Trav. i, 1 No disgrace of Fortune ought to esloign
us..from the duty which we are bound to render unto God.
1697 Drypen larg. Georg. 1v. 143 That other Jooks like
Nature in Disgrace.
+b. A misfortune. Ods.
1622 R. Hawkins Moy. S. Sea (1847) 173 With these dis-
graces upon them and the hand of God helping... us. 1627
Lisander & Cal. wv. 74, 1 shall alwaies bless my disgraces
which have wrought mee this felicity. 1748 SMoLtetT Rod,
Rand. (1780) 1. 187 Notwithstanding the disgraces which
had fallen to her share, she had not been so unlucky as
many others,
3. Dishonour in general or public estimation ;
ignominy, shame.
1593 Suaks. Kick. Z/, 1.1. 133, I slew him not; but (to
mine owne disgrace) Neglected my sworne duty in that
case. 1639 S. Du VerGer tr, Camus’ Admir. Events 54
If ever he saw him approach his wife, he would..
resist force by force ..to drive disgrace from his house.
1728 Pore Dunc. u.175 A second effort brought but new
disgrace. 1856 Froupe Hist, Eng. (1858) Il. xi. 467 The
disgrace which the queen’s conduct had brought upon her
family. 1863 Geo. Exiot Nomola u. xxiii, Tito shrank with
shuddering dread from disgrace.
+4, The expression of dishonour and reprobation ;
opprobrium, reproach, disparagement ; an expres-
sion or term of reprobation. Ods. or arch.
1586 A. Day Eng, Secretary 11, (1625) 86 When .. a word
is either in praise or disgrace .. repeated. 1608 Br. Harr
Char. Vertues & V. 102 If hee list not to give a verbal
disgrace, yet hee shakes his head and smiles. 1617 — Recod/.
Treat. 977 Every vice hath a title, and every vertue a dis-
grace. 1660 7rial Regic. 174 You spake... against the
King by way of disgrace against him and his family. 1676
Hoszes /éiad m1. 33 Then Hector him with words of great
disgrace Reptoved: [1855 Tennyson Maud u. i. 14 He...
Heap’d on her terms of disgrace.]
5. An occasion or cause of shame or dishonour ;
that which brings into dishonour.
1s90 Spenser F. Q. 1. i. 3t To all knighthood it is foule
disgrace, That such a cursed creature lives so long a space.
1597 Suaks, 2 Hen. JV, u. ii. 15 What a disgrace is it to
me, to remember thy name? the be Baynarp (J.), And is it
not a foul disgrace, To lose the boltsprit of thy face? 1856
Emerson Exg. Traits, Wealth Wks. (Bohn) II. 69, I found
the two disgraces .. are, first, disloyalty to Church and
State, and, second, to be born poor, or to come to Poveye
57
DISGRACE.
1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 178 Is not the knowledge of
words without ideas a disgrace to a man of sense ‘
+6. Marring of the grace of anything ; disfigure-
ment. Ods.
1581 Petrie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. m. (2586) 126 To take
away some wart, moale, spot, or such like disgrace com-
re, bed chaunce. 1598 S#. Fohn's Coll. Agreem. in Willis
& Clark Cambridge (1886) II. 251 The Chimneys .. shalbe
taken dowen and Raysed in some other Convenient place
without disgrace of the new court.
7. Want of grace.. +a. of person : ill-favoured-
ness (ods.); b. of mind: ungracious condition or
character. rare.
1596 Spenser F. Q. v. xii. 28 Their garments .. Being all
rag'd and tatter'd, their disgraces Did much the more aug-
ment. 1861 T. Winturop Cecil Dreeme v. (1876) 75 Even
a coat may be one of the outward signs by which we betray
the grace or disgrace that is in us. :
(disgrét's), v. (a. F. disgracter (1552.
in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. It. disgraziare, f. disgrazia
(see prec.). So Sp. desgraciar.]
+1. trans. To undo or mar the grace of; to de-
prive of (outward) grace; to disfigure. Ods.
1549-62 SterNHOLD & H. /’s. ciii. 16 Like the flower ..
Whose glosse and beauty stormy winds do utterly disgrace.
1551 Rosinson tr. A/ore’s Utop. 14 Rude and vnlearned
speche defaceth and disgraceth a very good matter. 1
ATREMAN Fardle Facious 1. v. 69 The woman had her
nose cut of, wherwith .. the whole beautie of her face was
disgraced. 1577 B. Gooce Heresbach’s Husb. u. (1586)
115 b, His paunch shal the lesse appeer, which both dis-
graceth him and burdneth him. 1 Pore Ess. Crit. 24
The slightest sketch .. Is by ill-colouring but the more dis-
grac’d. 1781 Cowper Convers. 51 Withered stumps dis-
grace the sylvan scene.
+ 2. To put to shame, put out of countenance by
eclipsing. Ods.
1589 GREENE Menathon (Arb.) 35 Flora seeing her face,
bids al her glorious flowers close themselues, as being by
her beautie disgraced. 1591 Nasne Pref. to Sidney's Astr.
& Stella, In thee ..the Lesbian Sappho with i lyric
harpe is disgraced.
+ b. To put out of countenance, abash, dismay.
1607 Torset Four-f, Beasts (1658) 160 Casting. . burning
torches into the face of the elephant; by which the huge
beast is not a little disgraced and terrified,
3. To put out of grace or favour; to treat with
disfavour, and hence with dishonour; to dismiss
from (royal, etc.) favour and honour.
1593 NaASsHE 4 Lett. Confut. 43 Followers, whose dutifull
seruice must not bee disgrac’d with a bitter repulse in anie
suite. 1600 E. Biounr tr. Conestaggio 62 Although he
were without lands, and disgraced by Henry, yet being
favoured by the people, he supposed that Henry dying, he
shoulde .. be crowned. 1617 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat, 133
How easie is it for such a man, whiles the world disgraces
him, at once to scorne and pitty it. x71 Pore Temp.
Fame 294 Some she disgrac’d, and some with honours
crown'd. 1745 P. THomas rnd. Anson's Voy. 216 His Sub-
jects..whom he either disgraces or honours. 1855 MAcAULAY
Hist. Eng. WI. 268 Queensberry was disgraced for refusing
to betray the interests of the Protestant religion.
+4. To bring into disfavour (wéth any one), or
into the bad graces of any one. Ods.
1594 Suaks. Rich. ///, 1. iii. 79 Our Brother is imprison'd
by your meanes, My selfe disgrac'd, and the Nobilitie Held
in contempt. 1600 E. Biounr tr. Conestaggio 35 Which his
enimies tooke as an occasion to disgrace him with the King.
+5. To cast shame or discredit upon; to bring
(intentionally) into disgrace. Ods.
1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 6 How sociablely
he an delt bi me ..to disgrace and slaunder me in the
toun. 31599 Suaks. Afuch Ado ut, ii. 130 As I wooed for
thee to obtaine her, I will joyne with thee to disgrace her.
a1715 Burnet (J.), Men's passions will carry them far in
misrepresenting an opinion which they have a mind to dis-
grace.
+b. To put to shame. Ods.
1594 Hooxer Eec/. Pol. 1. viii. (1611) 97 They never vse
reason so willingly as to disgrace reason, 1595 1. Epwarps
Cephalus §& Procris (1878) 45 For he that sorrow hath pos-
sest, at last In telling of his tale is quite disgra'st.
+6. To speak of dishonouringly ; to reprobate,
disparage, revile, vilify, speak slightingly of.
Obs.
1589 PutrenHam Eng. Poesie 1. xix. (Arb.) 57 Such ..
would peraduenture reproue and disgrace euery homme,
or short historicall ditty. ¢ 16x11 Cuarman /diad 1. 24 The
general .. viciously disgrac’d With violent terms the priest.
1612 Drayton Poly-olb, vi. Notes 93 A Patriot, and so true,
that it to death him greeues To heare his Wales disgrac’t.
1671 Baxter Holiness Design Chr. \xiv. 19 They all agree
to cry down sin in the general and to disgrace it. 1720
pg Jr. London Frnil, (1721) 46 Again he disgraces the
Ale.
7. To bring (as an incidental consequence) shame,
dishonour, or discredit upon; to be a disgrace or
shame to; to reflect dishonour upon,
[xg80 Sipney Arcadia (1622) is apo. only Mopsa
450
Hence Disgra‘ced ffi. a., Disgra‘cing v/. sb.
and ffi. a. :
— N.I ne ov tr, Castan ‘ is
' thoug! disgraci m.
ane Two Gent. Sg mae Your Grice ie. wales
Father U1. 145 The
WiLson Frnt 12J
parte passed .. he
gracing crosses.
in Life (1862) II. viii. 309 As Buona-
one dabvineband file one of his dis-
Disgraceful (disgré'sfiil), a.
-FUL: cf. graceful.)
+1. Void of grace, unbecoming, unpleasing: the
opposite of graceful. Obs.
rsgt_ Suaxs. 1 Hen. VJ, 1. i. 86 Away with these dis-
gracefull wayling Robes! 1615 G. Sanpys 7 rav. 67 A cer-
tain blacke powder ., which by the not disgracefull stain-
ing of the lids, doth better set forth the whitenesse of the
eye. 1702 Eng. Theophrast. 182 Whatever is counterfeit
grows nauseous and disgraceful, even with those things,
which when natural are most graceful and charming.
2. Full of, or fraught with, disgrace ; that brings
disgrace upon the agent ; shameful, dishonourable,
disreputable.
1597 Danie Civ. Wars v. \xiv, Stained with black dis-
graceful crimes. a1744 Pork (J.’, To retire behind their
chariots was as little disgraceful then, as it is now to alight
from one’s horse in a battle. 1794 Southey Bofany-Bay
Ecl, iii, The poor soldier .. goes In disgraceful retreat
through a country of foes. 1874 Green Short Hist. iv. § 3.
185 The disgraceful submission of their leaders. Sir
A. Kexewicn in Law Times’ Rep. 140/1, 1 do think it is
disgraceful for directors to ., issue such a prospectus.
3. Inflicting disgrace, disgracing, degrading, op-
probrious, contumelious. a. Of actions.
1640 Br. Hatt Rem. Wks. (1660) 39 Our speculative skill
is wont to be upbraided to us, in a disgracefull comparison
of our unanswerable practise. 1651 [see Discrace sé. 1c).
1764 Foote Patrox ut. Wks. 1799 I. 358 Such disgraceful,
such contemptible treatment! 1836 H. CoLeripce North.
Worthies (1852) 1. 49 It does not appear that Sir Samuel ..
ever submitted to this disgraceful punishment,
+b. Of words. Oés.
1608-11 Br. Hatt Medit. & Vowes 1. § 52 In the revenge
of a disgracefull word against themselves. 1611 CotTcr.
s.v. Vilenie, Laide Vilenie, slaunderous, reproachfull, dis-
gracefull, defamatorie tearmes. 1613 Sir F. Cottincton
in Ellis Orig. Lett, Ser. 1. III. 109 If any of base qualyty
shall use disgracefull wordes unto a Jintleman, he is .. sent
to the gallies. 1774 Sir J. Reyvnotos Dysc. v1. (1876) 383
These terrific and disgraceful epithets with which the poor
imitators are so often loaded.
Disgracefully (disgréisfili), adv. .[f. prec.
+-LY fa In a disgraceful manner, with disgrace;
shamefully, ignominiously. + Formerly also, With
opprobrium, opprobriously, contumeliously.
1604 Hieron Wks. I. 478 Some of whom to my griefe
I haue heard speake very disgracefully, some very scorne-
fully. @ 166 Futter Worthies (1840) III. 11 The scholars
of Oxford took up the body of the wife of Peter Martyr,
who formerly had been disgracefully buried in a dunghill.
1781 Cowrer FE xfost. 663 His [name] that seraphs tremble
at, is hung Disgracefully on every trifler's tongue. 1893
J. Stronc New Era xvi. 357 Its progress is painfully an
disgracefully slow. A/od. The work has been disgracefully
scamped,
Disgra‘cefulness. [f. as prec. + -NEss.]
The quality or condition of being disgraceful;
shamefulness, ignominy.
1581 Sipney Afol. Poetrie (Arb.) 61 These men. .by their
owne disgracefulnes, disgrace the most gracefull Poesie.
1841 Lane Arad. Nis. ILL. 486, I knew... that there was
no disgracefulness in him .. the turpitude and disgraceful-
ness were in my sister. 1880 Daily News 9 Jan. 5/2 Bar-
barous as hanging is, its disgracefulness aaa haerer possibly
act as deterrent influences.
‘cement. Oés. [f. Discrace v. +
-MENT.] The action of disgracing; also, concr.
that which causes disgrace.
156r T. Norton Cadvin's Just, 1. 1 Synce we haue ben
spoyled of the diuine apparell, our shameful nakednesse dis-
closeth an infinite heape of filthy dis; mentes, - J.
Bett Haddon's Answ. Osor. if efacinges and dis-
1647 H. More Poems 169 That
[f. prec. sb. +
racements of Religion.
isgracement of Philosophie .. this Theorie Might take
"t away.
Lis er (disgré'-saz). [f. as prec. + -ER1.]
One who or that which disgraces; one that ex-
pom to shame or causes ignominy; + an oppro-
rious reviler (0ds.).
ll di
heda's Cong. E. Ind. xvii..
rs. Jaxe West /n/. |
' DISGRADER. ~
+ Disgra‘ciately, adv. Obs. rare~*. [as if
f. *disgraciate adj., ad. It, disgrasiato, in ie
disgratiato ‘graceless’.] Ill-fayouredly, unhappily,
unpleasingly. of ~ = pea
173% Nortu Exam. 1. i. § 28 All this he would most dis- -
graciately obtrude by his quaint Touch of ‘ confirming all’.
Singracions (disgréi-fas), a. Also 6-7 -tious.
[a. F. désgracteux (1518 in Hatz.-Darm.), f. Dis- 4
+gracieux, perh. after It. disgrazioso ‘ graceless,
full of disgrace’, (Florio): cf. Gracious.
1. Ungracious, unfavourable, nnkind. ? Ods.
1598 J. Dickenson Greene in Conc. (1878) 144 yy
rather to quicken them by a gracious re; then to kill
them by a disgratious repulse. 1603 Breton Dign. or Ind.
Men 207 What indignities are these to prove the disgratious
Nature of Man? shay Vow! Monthly Mag. XL1X. 343 Any
one of the disgracious cavillers. i
+2. Out of favour; in disfavour;
Obs.
1594 Suaxs. Rich. J/7, ut. vii. 112 1 doe suspect I haue
done some offence, That seemes disgracious in the Cities
eye. /bdid. 1. iv. 177 1f I be so disgracious in your eye, Let
me march on, and not offend you, Madam. 16:1 Srrep
Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xvi. (1632) 849 As for these causes he was
in highest grace with the King, so hee was the more dis-
gracious or hated of the people.
+ 3. Disgraceful, shameful. Ods.
1615 Trades Incr. in Hari. Misc. (Malh.) I11. 308 The lazy
and disgracious merchandise of our coasters.
4. Without grace of manner; uncomely; unbe-
coming.
1870 Morier Ref. Land Tenure in Parl. Papers CLXI1I11.
202, I heard general complaints .. of their [the women’s]
disgracious attempts to follow the fashions.
+ Disgra‘ciously, adv. Obs. [f. prec. +-Ly?.]
In a disgracious manner; with disgrace or indig-
nity ; without grace, ungraciously.
18 Hist. P. Warbeck in Select. Harl. Misc. (1793) 95
He read it in publick, and that so disgraciously [etc.]. 1619
Lime's Srshowse ii. 182 (L.) All.. were eyther at last dis-
graciously killed, or else receyved some great overthrow.
+ Disgra‘cive, a. Ols. rare. _[irreg. f. Dis-
GRACE Uv. +-IVE: cf. coercive.] Conveying or tend-
ing to disgrace or reproach; disgraceful, shameful.
1602 Boys Wks. 412 The Syrian vaca, which is a disgracive
term. ~~ Fevtuam Resolves 1. xxvii. 47 They are unwisely
ashamed of an ignorance, which is not disgraciue, 6d. 1.
Ixxviii. 120 He t will question euery di jue word,
which he hears is spoken of him, shall haue much trouble.
tion (di: adé"-fon). ? Obs. [n. of
action f. DisGRaADE v.] Punitive deprivation of
rank, degree, or dignity ; = DEGRADATION] 1,
1727-51 Cuampers Cycl., Degradation, in our law-books
called disgradation, and deposition. [Not in Termes de la
Ley, Cowell, Blount, who have dé: , but not disgrada-
tion.) 1861 W. Bet Dict. Law Scot. 291/2 Digratation,
Deposition, or Degradation ; the stripping a person for ever
of a dignity or degree of honour.
(disgrai-d), v.
disliked.
Hist. Gt. Brit, 1x. xvii. (2632) <a Bey was first solemnly
Circular te Soaate Coll, of M.
posing the Durham University to possess already the power
to disgrade its Graduates. %
b. To deprive of ecclesiastical status; =Dr-
GRADE v. 2 b,
¢1380 Wycuur Wes. (1880) 246 Ony symple mon .. schal
be enprisoned, disgratid or t. 1460 Carcrave Chron.
112 Formosus.,was disgraded be Jon the fro all the
ordres of the Cherch onto by astat, 1 Exam. H.
Barrowe, etc. in Hart. Misc. (Math) Il. 28 Q. Are yow a
Minister? A. No, I was one after your orders. Q. Who
disgraded yow? A. I di: my self th God:
s
by ‘ Antip. did not
disgrad 7 Sy aasien tone! bck Ordre sock sMaleiomeeck
ence Disgra'ded ///. a., Disgra'ding vol.
sb.
1531-2 Act 23 Hen. VIII, c. 1 A certificat under his seale
testifiynge the said di inge. 1546 Bace Eng. Votaries
u. Liv (T. s.v. De, ), He once yet againe departed the
Enis tee rece
1570 Dee Math. Pref. 46 The.. i g of
Gg Verii 1589 NAshe Almond for Parrat 15a, me
bégan to .. shew himselfe openly a g
antiquitie. 1660 R. Coxe Power § Subj. 267 A Reproacher
behind, who disgraced weeping with her ] 1593 | OF disgracer of his Majesties Government. 1732 Swirt
Suaks. Lucr. 718 Against himself he sounds this doom, | 774. Abuses Dublin, I have given good advice to those
That through ‘the length of times he ds disg d. disgracers of their sex. 1789 Mrs. Piozzt Fourn.
in —A. ¥. Leu. iv, ra i oveld finde in my kent 3e — I. 382 Who..were such disgracers of human
isgrace my mans apparell, and to cry like a woman. 1 4 ;
D. i. Eas. Pol. § Mor. 116, Often .. such as became || Disgracia, -grazia. [Sp. desgracia (-grapya)
a meaner well, have failed in a greater, and disgraced | disgrace, misfortune, unpleasantness, It. désgrasta
it. 1752 Jounson Rambler No. 196 P7 Of his children ..
some may disgrace him by their follies, 1784 Cowrer 7iroc.
531 Such vicious habits as disgrace his name. 1849 MACAULAY
Hist, Eng. 1. 187 The atrocities which had d the
insurrection of Ulster. 1868 J. H. Blunt Ref CA. Eng. 1.
79 The most cruel act against heretics that disgraced our
tatute Book.
(-gratsya), formerly disgratia.] An unpleasant
accident, misfortune.
Ime with his disg Secar Hon, Mil.
Civ, u. iv. 55 The King of Armes and other Heralds cast
the warme water vpon the disgraded Knights face .. saying
Henceforth thou shalt be called by thy right name, Traitour.
1641 Termes de la Ley (1708) 257 By the Canon Law there
pr two — of pe ee ticvenine theaaeaile by word
on! the other solemn; vesting the party disgraded
from .. the Ensigns of his Order or Degree.
+Disgra'dement. Ols. rare—*. [f. prec. +
— = DISGRADATION ;. DEGRADATION ! 1.
x ITzHERB. Fust. Peas 107 b, With certifycat therof
under his seall testifyenge the sayde d
‘der. Obs. rare—'.
ement. .
f, as prec. + -ER}.]
1739 Ciper A fol. (1756) I. 114 When it has been his ill: | One who degrades from a position of honour.
hemes to meet with a Sarno. Lo. Camppett - ax603 T. Cartwricnt Confut, Rhem. N. T, Pref. (1618)
Chancellors (1857) IV, Ixxxix. 174 This d ia h d Di and disgraders of the Scripture haue taught
from meeting a line of brewer's drays at Charing Cross.
17 Disg 5S
men to say, that the copies are corrupted. :
‘
;' opie ,
DISGRADUATE.
-+Di ‘duate, v. Obs. [f: Dis- 7 b+ Gra-
puatest.] trans. To depose from a degree or dig-
nity, deprive of rank or privilege; =DiscRApDE,
DE£GRADUATE. -
. 1528 Tinpatr Obed. Chr. Man 73», Yf they be of mine
anointed, and beare my marke, disgresse them (I wold saye,
dis: uate them). Nicoits Zhucyd. 135 (R.) The
saide Lacedemonions did desgraduate and declaire those to
‘be deffamed and dishonoured, that were takene by the
Athenyans in the Islande.
_+Disgree’,v. Obs. rare. [a. OF, desgre-er
(Froissart) to disagree, f. des-, Dis- 4 + gréer to
agree: see GREE v.] zfr. To be out of agree-
ment or harmony; to DISAGREE.
~_1§30 Patscr. 519/1, I disgre, I agre a mysse, as syngars
do, or one note with an other. .' These synggyng men disgree.
-+Disgree‘ment. 0¢s. rare. [f. prec. +
-MENT.] Discord, DISAGREEMENT.
1503 Hawes Exam), Virt. vii. 148 Without disgrement or
contradiccyon. 4 ; "
Disgregate (disgrége't), v. [f. L. désgregat-,
ppl. stem of disgregdre to separate, f. Dis- 1 +
green (grex) flock, gregare to collect (ina flock).]
ence Di'sgregated ///. a.
+1. trans. To separate, sunder, sever (from).
1593 Nasne Christ's 7. 64, It pleased our louing cruci-
fied Lord..to disgregate his gifts from the ordinarie
meanes. - ee os
2. To separate into individual parts, disintegrate.
1603 Hottanp Plutarch's Mor, 630 (R.) Heat doth loosen,
disgregate, scatter, and dissolve all thick things. 1660
Srantey /ist. Philos, 1x. (1701) 422/1 Heat seems to consist
of rare parts, and disgregates bodies. 1726 Monro Anat.
Nerves (1741) 4 The Dura Mater is closely wrapt round
them, to collect their disgregated F ibres.
- +8. According to obsolete theories of vision: To
scatter or make divergent (the visual rays) ; hence,
to dazzle, confuse, or dim (the sight). Ods.
@1631 Donne Serm. xcvi. IV. 245 The beames of their
eyes were scattered and disgregated ..so as that they could
not confidently discern him. c 1645 Howe t Lef¢¢. u. li, Her
pnt is presently dazled and disgregated with the refulgency.
Ibid. 1. v1. lv, Black doth-congregat, unite and fortifie the
sight; the other doth disgregat, scatter and enfeeble it.
Disgregation (disgrégé'-fan). [n. of action
f, prec.: see -ATION.] Separation of individuals
from a company, or of component parts from a
whole mass; disintegration, dispersal ; sfec.in Chem.
separation of the molecules of a substance by heat
or other agency.
_ 1611 Frorio Disgregatione, a scattering, a disgregation.
@1626 Br, Anprewes in Southey Cowl. Bk. Ser. 1.
(1850) 354 Without it [concord] a gregation it may be, but
no congregation. The con is gone; a disgregation rather.
1653 Manton Exp. F¥ames v. 9 In troubles there are not so
many scatterings and disgregations in Christ’s flock. 1684
tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. xix. 763 These Diseases do
posers a Disgregation of Humours. 1865 Grote Plato
.i. 56 The partial disgregation of the chaotic mass.
Disgress, -ion, obs. ff. DicREss, -10N.
+ Disgre'ss, v. Obs. rare—1. [?f. Dis- 7a +
L. gressus step, taken as = gradus step, degree,
position ; and hence a synonym of DisGRapDE. (Or
possibly an early corrupt form of DisGRAcE v.)]
1528 [see DisGraDUATE].
+ Disgross (disgrdws), v. Obs. [ad. 16th. F.
desgrossir, desgrosser ‘to lessen, make small, fine,
or less grosse, to polish, refine’ (Cotgr. 1611),
mod.F. dégrossir, f.des-, Dis- 4 +.gros, grosse thick,
big, Gross.] /¢rans. To make finer or less gross ;
spec. applied to the initial reduction in thickness
of metal bars that are to be made into wire.
161r Fiorio Disgrossamento, a refining, a disgrossing.
1636 Patent Rolls 7 May, Fyning, refyning, disgrossing ..
of all gold and silver. 2662 Petty Taxes 85 If bullion be
pn into plate and utensils, or disgrost into wire or lace.
1 - TausMan Lendon's Tri. 6 In another apartment is
.. Disgrossing, Flatting and Drawing of Gold.. Wyre. 1823
Hone Anc, Myst. 250.
b. fig. (unless misread for dsgwss, Discuss).
. reg a Papers Hen. VITT, X1. 330 The matters .. beyng
not before disgrossed and brought to a conclusion.
+Disgru‘bble, v. Os. rare. [f. Dis- 5 +
Pees pa for grumble] =DISGRUNTLE.
.. 1689 C. Harton 16 Apr. in 1. Corr. (1878) II. 131. St Rt
Atkins is soe disgrubbl’d not to be Ch. J. of y’ Com. Pleases
ythe sath he will not have his brothers scimm milke.
Disgruntle (disgrant’l), v. Now chiefly U.S.
f. Dis- 5+ GRUNTLE z. freq. of GRUNT]. trans.
0 put into sulky dissatisfaction or ill-humour; to
chagrin, disgust. Chiefly in pa. pple.
1682 H. Cave Hist. Popfery 1V. 79 Hodge was a little dis-
ntled at that Inscription. a@ 683 Sir P. Warwick Mem.
Chas. I (1701) 226 [He] would not be sent unto her house ..
which the Lady was much disgruntled at. 1726 AMHERST
Terre Fil, x\viii. 256 M’Phelim finds his prince a little dis-
runtled, 1862 C. THorNton Conyers Lea xii. 224 The fair
abitha retired to her room somewhat disgruntled,
Lisbon (Dakota) Star 18 July, [He] is very much disgruntle
at Cleveland's nomination.
Hence Disgruntled 7//. a.; also Disgru‘ntle-
ment, moody discontent.
184: Hatuiw,, Dis, tled, discomposed. Glouc. 1889
Voice (N.Y.) 12 Sept., Partisans in all stages of disgruntle-
ment were wandering aimlessly about. x89x Bryce in Con-
temp. Rev. Jan., A melancholy or gloomy or—to use an
‘expressive American term—a ‘disgruntled’ temper.
451
Disguisal (disgai-z4l). rare. [f. Discurse v.
+-AL.J The action of disguising.
1652 CorTerELt tr. Cassandra 111. 208 To open his heart
to her without any disguisal. 1834 7azt's A/ag. 1. 488 ‘he
covering invented for their disguisal.
Disguise (disgsi:z), v. Forms: 4 degise,
(-gyse, desgyze), 4-5 des-, disgise, -gyse, dys-
guyse, 5-6 disguyse, 5~7 desguise, 5- disguise,
(6 disgease, 6-7 disguize; Sc. 6 dis(s)agyse,
dissagyiss). [ME. desgzse-2, degise-n, etc., a.
OF. desguister, deguister (11th c, in Littré), later
desguiser, mod.F. déguiser, = Pr. desguisar, f. des-,
de- (Dx- I. 6) + Romanic (It., Sp, Pg., Pr.) gazsa,
F. gutse (11th c.), a. OHG. wésa manner, mode,
appearance (cf. WISE sé.) : the primary sense was
thus ‘to put out of one’s usual guise, manner, or
mode (of dress, etc.).’]
+1. trans. To alter the guise or fashion of dress
and appearance of (any one); es. to dress in a
fashion different from what has been customary or
considered appropriate to position, etc.; to dress
up fantastically or ostentatiously; to deck out. Ods.
¢ 1325 Poem Times Edw. 11, 255 in Pol. Songs (Camden)
335 Nu ben theih so degysed and diverseliche i-diht, Unnethe
may men knowea gleman from akniht. 1362 Lancr. 2. P/.
A. Prol. 24 In Cuntinaunce of clopinge queinteliche de-gyset.
¢ 1400 Nom. Rose 2250 He that loveth trewely Shulde..hym
disgysen in queyntyse. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxix.
209 Mortimer disgised him with wonder riche clothes out
of al maner reson both of shapyng and of weryng. 1539
T. Cuapman in Chron, Gr. Friars (Camden) p. xv, The per-
feccion of Christian livyng dothe not consiste in dome cere-
monyes. .disgeasing our selffes aftyr straunge fassions. 1563
Hom, Exc, Appar. (1859) 312 Many men care not what they
spend in disguising themselves, ever... inventing new fashions.
+ 2. To make different in manner, mode, or dress
(from others). Obs.
1340 Ayend. 97 Hi is zopliche newe and desgised uram
opre la3es. ¢ 1430 Lypvc. A/in. Poems go (Miatz.) Amonges
wymmen he spanne, In theyre habyte disguysed from a man.
1555 WaTREMAN /ardle Facions 11. iv. 143 Thei ware dis-
guised fro y° commune maner of other.
+ 3. To transform ; to alter in appearance (from
the proper or natural manner, shape, etc.); to
disfigure. Ods.
1393 Gowrr Covf. I. 16 Pei scholden noght .. The Papacie
so desguise vpon diuerse eleccion. 1535 CoveRDALE Ecclus.
xii, 18 Whyle he maketh many wordes, he shall dysguyse his
countenaunce. ?a1§50 Dunbar’s Poems, Freiris Berwick
474 Bot gif it wer on sic a maner wyiss Him to translait or
ellis dissagyiss Fra his awin kynd in-to ane vder stait. 1579
‘Tomson Calvin's Serm. Vim. 49/2 He [Saint Paul] reproveth
his enimies which disguised the lawe of God. 1593 SHAKs.
Lucr. 1452 Her cheeks with chaps and wrinkles were dis-
guised ; Of what she was no semblance did remain. 1697
Drypen “ned (J.\, They saw the faces, which too well
they knew, Though then disguised in death.
4. To change the guise, or dress and personal
appearance, of (any one) so as to conceal identity ;
to conceal the identity of by dressing as some one
or 7 a particular garb. (Now the leading sense.)
¢ 1350 Will, Palerne 1677, & 3ef 3e were disgised & di3t
on any wise .. 3e wold be aspied. 1393 Gower Conf II. 227
She cast in her wit.. Hou she him mighte so desguise That
no man shuld_ his body know. 1535 Stewart Cron.
Scot. HII. 207 Robert the Bruce wnder the levis grene
-. Oft disagysit in ane sempill weid. 1555 EpEN Decades
176 They come disguised in an other habite. 1603 KNoLLES
Hist. Turks (1638) 63 Disguised in the habit of a Turk.
1720 Gay Poents (1745) II. 167 The shepherd's garb the
woman shall disguise. c¢c18s0 Arad. Nes. (Rtldg.) 297 She
disguised him in woman's clothes, 1882 FREEMAN Amer.
Lect. v. 153 A friend disguised in the garb of an enemy.
— a to escape disguised as a monk.
- ref.
1340 Ayend. 158 Ine hou uele wyzen he [pe dyeuel] him
desgyzep. cx 74 Cuaucer Troylus v. 1570 (1577) Yn purpos
gret, Hym self lyk a Pylgrym to degyse. 1535 CoverDALE
1 Kings xiv. 2 Disguise the, so that no man perceaue that
thou art Ieroboams wyfe. 1535 LynpEsay Satyre 721 Wee
man turne our claithis. hea tieaayse vs, that na man ken
vs. 161 Biste 1 A7ugs xx. 38 he prophet. .disguised him-
selfe with ashes vpon his face. 1847 Mrs. A. Kerr His?.
Servia xvi. 299 The wife of Milosch was obliged to disguise
herself in the dress of a Servian female peasant.
5. To alter the appearance of (anything) so as to
mislead or deceive as to it; to exhibit in a false
light ; to colour; to misrepresent.
1398 Trevisa Barth. de P. R. xvu. vi. (Tollem. MS.), This
Aloe Caballinum is disgised [sophisticatur] with pouder of
safron and vynegre, yf it is ten sibes plungid perin, and
dryed. 1623 Lp. Hersert in Ellis Orig. Left, Ser. 1. III.
166 To palliate and disguise those thinges which it concernes
them ta knowe, 1669 Gare Crt. Gentiles 1, 1. ii. 11 Plato’s
custome ta desguise the Traditions he received from the
Jews. 1732 Lepiarp Sethos II, vit. 127 Some merchants
endeavour to disguise and put off a commodity, 3855
Macautay Hist, Eng. 1V.254 Tao speak the truth, that was
to say, substantial truth, a little disguised and coloured.
6. To conceal or cloak the real state or character
of (anything) by a counterfeit show or appear-
ance,
1599 Suaks. Hen. V, m1. i. 8 Then imitate the action of
the ‘l'yger .. Disguise fair Nature with hard-fauour’d Rage.
168r Drypen Ads. & Achit. 740 This moving Court, that
caught the Peoples Eyes, And seem’d but Pomp, did other
Ends disguise. 1726 Adv. —_ R. Boyle 104, I think to
disguise our Thoughts is an Art better lost, than learnt.
1853 Sir H. Dovctas A7lilit. Bridges (ed. 3) 203 A feint to
disguise the real intention.
1856 Emerson Lng. Traits,
DISGUISE.
Race Wks. (Bohn) II. 32 The horse finds out who is afraid of
itang does not disguise its opinion.
To conceal or hide (a material thing) by any
superficial coating or operation.
15gt SytvesteR Du Bartas i. ii. 165 Yet think not, that
this Too-too-Much remises Ought into nought; it but the
Form disguises In hundred fashions. 1738 WEsLEy //ymns,
‘All Praise to Him’ ii, Vhe deepest shades no more disguise
Than the full Blaze of Day. 1791 Hamitton Berthollet's
Dyeing 1.1.1. iv. 66 The colouring particles. .are there dis-
guised by an alkali. 1820 Scoresny Acc. Arctic Reg. 1.116
An insulated cliff.. being nearly perpendicular, is never dis-
guised with snow. ;
b. To conceal the identity of under a different
name or title,
1639 S. Du Vercer tr. Camus’ Admir. Events 50 Whom
we will disguise under the name of Anaclete. 1806 Surr
Winter in Lond. (ed. 3) 1.69 The new title. .did not disguise
the old friend.
8. Electr. To conceal the presence of by neutral-
ization ; to dissimulate. (Usually in passzve.)
1839 G. Birp Nat. Philos. § 278 When two insulated con-
ducting bodies are differently electrified, and approached
towards each other, so as to be within the influence of their
mutual attraction..no signs of electricity are communicated
by either to a pith ball electrometer connected with them..
The electric fluids are thus said to become disguised, or
paralysed, by their mutual attractive action. /did. § 288
On turning the machine, the positive electricity accumu-
lating in the inside of the battery becomes disguised by the
inducting action of the outside coating.
9. To intoxicate (with liquor). ach. (pa. pple.
still in slang use: see DisGvisED 6).
1562 J. Heywoon Prov. §& Epigr. (1867) 184 Three cuppes
full at once shall oft dysgyse thee. 1618 DeLonry Gentle
Craft \1648) Hivb, We will get him out to the tavern and
there cause him to be disguised, that he shall neither be
able to stand nor go. x72 tr. /omet's /1ist, Drugs 1. 138
It may so stupifie and disguise them, that they may be the
more easily master'd. 1806-7 J. Beresrorp AZiseries // nie,
Life (1826) xx. 250 Sure, fuddling a trade is Not lovely
in Ladies, Since it thus can disguise a Soft sylph like Eliza.
+10. zutr. To dissemble. Ods.
1580 Sipnry Arcadia (1622) 97 Zelmane. . disguise not with
me in words, as I know thou doest in apparell. 1586 A. Day
Eng. Secretary u. (1625) 24 But if I should..tell you..you
might thinke I did not then disguize with you.
Disguise (disgai:z), 55. Also 4 degise, -yse,
7 disguize. [f. Discus
+1. Alteration of the fashion of dress from that
which has been usual; new or strange fashion (esp.
of an ostentatious kind). Ods.
1340 Hampo.e /». Consc. 1518 In pompe and pride and
vanite, In selcouthe maners and sere degyse Pat now es used
of many wyse. Jé¢d. 1524 For swilk degises and_ suilk
maners .. Byfor pis tyme ne has noght ben. 1594 Lopcr
Wounds Crv. War in Hazl. Dedsley V11. 143 Prisoners of
divers nations and sundry disguises.
2. Altered fashion of dress and personal appear-
ance intended to conceal the wearer’s identity; the
state of being thus transformed in appearance for
concealment’s sake.
13.. Coerde L. 962 The kyng hym [a baroun] tolde.. Hou
he founde hym [Rychard] in disguise. 1605 Suaxs, Learv.
iii. 220 The banish’d Kent ; who, in disguise, Follow’d his
enemy king, and did him service. 1659 B. Harris Parival's
Iron Age 214 In this extremity he left that City in disguise.
1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 125 His manner of going to the
Appointment was in Disguise. 1758 Jounson /dler No. 29
? 6 They concluded me a gentlewoman in disguise. @ 1839
Praep Poems (1864) I. 8 ‘was a Fairy in disguise.
b. fig. A disguised condition or form.
1709 Celebr. Beauties 10 in Poet. Miscell. (Tonson) vt. 514
Praise undeserv'd is Scandal in Disguise. 1742 Younc Né.
TA, vu. 52 His grief is but his grandeur in disguise. 175
Jounson Rambler No. 184 ? 12 None can tell whether the
good that he pursues is not evil in disguise. J/o, A blessing
in disguise.
3. ‘A dress contrived to conceal the person that
wears it’ (J.); a garb assumed in order to deceive.
1596 Spenser F. Q. v. vii. 21 Magnificke Virgin, that in
queint disguise Of British armes dost maske thy royall
blood. 1596 SHaks, 1 //en, JV, 1. ii. 73 Ned, where are our
disguises? 1667 E. CHAMBERLAYNE St. Gt. Brit, 1. (1684)
120 In 1648 [the Duke] was.. conveyed in a Disguise or
Habit of a girl beyond sea. 1849 James Woodman xiii,
Now I bring you your disguise. 1875 Jowett /’/a/o (ed. 2)
I. 395 You were wrapped in a goatskin or some other disguise,
b. transf. and fig.
1655 STANLEY //ist. Philos, 1; (1701) 1/2 Their glory being
intercepted. .by some later disguise of alteration or addition.
@1674 CLARENDON Surv, Leviath. (1676) 193 Without any
other clothing or disguise of words. 1789 Betsuam Ess.
II, xxxiv. 248 This high-sounding language is merely the
splendid disguise of ignorance. 1876 Moztey Univ. Serm.
iv. 82 The passion obliged to act under a disguise becomes
different in its nature from the open one.
4. Any artificial manner assumed for deception;
a false appearance, a counterfeit semblance or show;
deception,
1632 J. Haywarn tr. Biondi's Eromena 36 The Pilot (all
disguise laid aside) said unto him. ax6s5 Vines Lord's Supp.
(1677) 155 Naked of all humane disguizes. 78x Cowrer
Charity 558 No works shall find acceptance, in that day
When all disguises shall be rent away That square not truly
with the Scripture plan, 1838 THiRLWaut Greece V. xliii. 273
Philomelus now threw off all disguise. 31865 G. MerepiITH
Rhoda Fleming vi, Perfect candour can do more for us
than a dark disguise, P
5. The act or practice of disguising; conceal-
ment of the reality under a specious appearance.
1603 Suaxs. Meas. for Al, 1. ii. 294 So disguise shall by
th’ disguised Pay with falshood false ~— 2647 CLAREN-
57*-2
DISGUISED.
von Hist, Red. v1. (1843) 373/2 Nor could he have been led
into it.. by any open .. temptation, but by a thousand dis-
guises and cozenages. 21720 Pore Chorus Youths & Virgins
8 Hence false tears, deceits, disguises. 1746 Westy Princ,
‘ethodist 9 With regard to Subtlety, anion. and Dis-
guise. 1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales 1. 252 Thou friend
+. to whom I communicate without disguise the i
452
DISGUST. —
secrets of my breast. 1876 Moztey Univ. Serm. ii. 32 The
heathen defied the law within him. There was no disguise
in Paganism.
+6. A masque; =Drseuisine 3. Obs.
1622 B. Jonson Masque of Augurs Wks. (Rtldg.) 630/2
Disguise was the old English word for a Masque. 1622
Bacon Hen. VI/, 245 Masques (which they then called Dis-
guises). ¢1630 Micton Passion iii, O what a mask was
there, what a disguise.
7. ‘ Disorder by drink’ (Johnson).
1606 Suaks. Ant. § CZ. u. vii. 131 Strong Enobarbe Is
weaker then the Wine, and mine owne tongue Spleet’s what
it speakes: the wilde disguise hath almost Antickt vs all.
1622 B. Jonson Masque of Augurs Wks. (Rtldg.) 630/1 Dis-
guise! what mean you by that? do you think that his
majesty sits here to expect drunkards?
8. Electr. See DiscuisE v. 8.
1839 G. Birp Nat. PAil. § 286 In accordance with the con-
ditions of the induction and disguise of electricity, it is
obvious that an insulated jar cannot be charged.
Disguised (disgaizd), pp/. a. [f. Discuise
v.+-ED1,
+1. Changed from the usual or natural guise or
fashion: a, disfigured; b. altered in fashion of
dress for the sake of modish display. Ods.
1393 Gower Conf. III. 260 They sigh her clothes all dis-
guised .. Her haire hangend unkempt about. c 1430 Pilgr.
Lyf Manhode w. ii. (1869) 175 pilke beste was disgised so
vileliche, and so foule figured. 1563 Homilies u. Excess of
Apparel (1859) 312 The haughty stomacks of the daughters
of England are so maintained with divers disguised sorts of
costly apparell, that [etc.]. 1589 Prete Zale 7 roy 27 Where
ladies troop'd in rich disguised attire.
+ 2. Of dress, etc.: Altered in fashion or assumed
for the sake of concealing the identity of the wearer
or bearer. Ods.
1413 Pilgr. Sow/le (Caxton 1483) m1. ii. 51 These haue ben
feyned Religyous ypocrites with theyr desguysed clothes.
@ 1533 Lp. Berners //u0n ix. 23 Charlot had a dysgysyd
shylde bycause he wolde not be knowen. 1548 Hatt Chron,
flen. V1. an. 28. 161 Mistrustyng the sequele of y* matter,
[he] departed secretly in habite disguysed, into Sussex. 1608
D. T. Ess. Pol. & Mor. 98 Wine. .doth..unbare us of that
disguis’d, and personated habit, under the which we are ac-
customed to marche. 1660 BLount Boscobel 51 Procur'd
him a pass from the Rebel commanders in a disguised name.
3. Of persons, etc.: Dressed in a strange or as-
sumed garb, or having the appearance otherwise
changed, for the sake of concealing identity.
1393 Gower Conf. III. 62 And he disguised fledde away
By ship. 1599 Marston Sco. Villanie 1. ii. 175 Disguised
Gods .. in pesants shape Prest to commit some execiable
rape. 1639 I’. Brucis tr. Camus’ Moral Kelat. 346 Finding
no safety in high Germany..we came downe disguised into
this inferiour Germany. 1843 Prescott Mexico (1850) I. 332
He. .lay in ambush, directing the disguised Spaniards .. to
make signals. 1874 Mortey Compromise (1886) 180 The
congregation in the old story were untouched by the dis-
guised devil's eloquence. .it lacked unction,
4. Of a thing, etc.: Altered in outward form so
as to appear other than it is.
1590 SPENSER /, Q. 111. ii. 4 What inquest made her dis-
semble her disguised kind? 1632 Litucow raz. ut. 119
We may easily be deceived, by disguised and pretended
reasons. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. 1. v. § 33 (1875) 120
Convinced as he is that all punishment .. is but a disguised
beneficence. 1878 BrowninG La Saisiaz 30 Hindrance
proved but help disguised.
+5. Concealed or hidden so as not to appear.
1594 Martowe & Nasue Dido 1. i, Here in this bush dis-
guised will I stand. 1677 Mrs. Benn Nover m1. i, Oh! he
lay disguized.
6. Intoxicated; drunk, tipsy. arch. slang.
1607 DeLoney Strange //ist, (1841) 14 The saylors and the
shipmen all, through foule excesse of wine, Were so dis-
guisde that at the sea they shewd themselves like swine.
1622 Massincer & Dekker Virg. Mart. ui. iii, Har. Lam
a prince disguised. Hir. Disguised? How? drunk? 1667
Drypven Wild Gallant 1. i, I was a little disguised, as they
say..Well, in short, I was drunk. 1754 Cuesterr. World
Wks. 1892 V. 293, I never saw him disguised with liquor in
my life. 182x Scorr Kenilw. xxix, What if they see mea
little disguised ? Wherefore should any man be sober to-
night? 1883 W. C, Russeit Yack's Courtship in Longm.
fag. III. 18 A woman, disguised in liquor, with a bonnet
on her back. 1884 Besant Chiddr. Gibeon u. xxi, He was
not ‘disguised’, his speech was clear. E
: Hence Disgui-sedly adv., in a disguised manner,
in disguise; Disgui-sedness, disguised state.
1612 Be. Hatt /mprese of God u. in Recoll. Treat. (1614
674 But alas, the painted faces, and mannishnesse, ani
monstrous disguisednesse of the one sexe. 1631 WEEVER
Anc. Fun, Mon, 24 Hee .. fled disguisedly by sea for his
owne safety. 3633 RYNNE //istrio-Mastix u.u, ii. (R.) The
strange disguisednesse of theatricall attires, 1683 J. BarNARD
Life of Heylin 172(L.) He..studied schism, and faction, by
his own example, and his pen disguisedly.
Disguiseless (disgoi‘zles), a. [f. Disauise
sb. +-LES8.] Without disguise, undisguised.
1850 Browninc Xmas Eve §& Easter Day 232 Naked and
disguiseless stayed, And unevadable, the fact. 1878
Fraser's Mag. XV11. 427 Nature stood revealed before him,
disguiseless, not ‘sophisticated ’,
Disgui‘sement. [f. Discuisz v. + -MENT;
cf OF. desguisement, mod.F. dég-, a disguising,
that which serves to disguise.]
1. The fact of disguising, or of being disguised. ‘sing, ///. a. [-Inc ®.] That disguises.
nels Gctnene Cole ae tied ask ie they might | _ 156x dp news Se as ~ v. a ) 5s margin,
not be put out of countenance by any faire di The disguisi ies which the ome useth
1632 Lirucow 7rav. ui. 82 To lend..an old gowne, | in making of her Priests. tr. D'Argens’ Chinese Lett.
and a blacke vaile for his disgui 1683 P xxxiii. 250 The Europ + pad their Faces with
Myst. Div. 130 Blessed are they who through all these wiles | White and Red, and upon that disguisi g Paint they stick
and dis uisements can —_ him. 1845 Blackw. Mag. LV\1, | abundance of little Plaisters of =f
732 No disg atural form is pted. 3 + Disguisy, z. Ols. Forms: 4 deguise
Vimes 13 Apr. 4/2 Such disguisement was always a direct - : ,
phar pe fer, cae i: military law. - (disgisi, -gesye), 4-5 degyse, 5 disgyse, -gisee,
2. That which disguises, or whereby disguising | -guisee, -gisy. [a. OF. desguisié, déguisid, -s¢,
is effected ; a disguise; a garb that conceals the
wearer's identity.
1580 Sipney Arcadia (1622) 53 Assuring myselfe, that
vnder that disguisement, I shanks find oportunitie to re-
ueale myselfe to the owner of my heart. 1590 SPENSER
¥. Q. 111. vii. 14 What mister wight.. That in so straunge
disguizement there did maske. 1801 Strutt S/orts § Past.
uu. fii, 171 Minstrels and sons in disguisements. 1823
Lams Elia (1860) 26 In this disguisement he was brought
into the hall. 1861 T. A. Trottore La Beata IL. xvii. 186
To don a black disguisement, and put our own hands to the
work of mercy. —
3. p/. Additions or accessories that alter the
appearance ; adornments, bedizenments.
1638 Baker tr. Balzac’s Lett. ut. (1654) 105 It hath paint-
ings and disguisements, to alter the purity of all worldly
things. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat, (1852) IL. 153 Stripped
of all the disguisoments, and foreign mixtures cast upon
them. 1867 D. G. Mircette Rur. Stud. 199 If the charm-
ing but costly disguisements of a park cannot be ventured
upon at once.
Disguiser (disgai-za1). [f. Discuise v. + -ER1.]
One who disguises. a. One who dresses himself
up in order to act in a pageant; a masker or
mummer, a GUISER.
1481-90 Howard Househ. Bhs. (Roxb.) 517 Payd .. [for]
stuff for dysgysers on Saynt Stevens day .. xvj.d.
Fasyan Chron, vu. 558 Fyre was put to the vesturis of the
disguysers. 1545 Hatt Chron., //en. VIII, an. 10(R.) Y°
disguysers dissended from yt rock, & daunced a great
space,
b. One who or that which changes appearances,
and makes things appear other than they are.
1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1. 628 He must use
great prudence to discerne flatterers and disguisers of mat-
ters. 1603 Suaxs. Meas. for M.1v. ii, 186 Oh, death's a great
disguiser. 1729 Pore 7o Swift 11 Aug., [He] is quite the
reverse to you, unless you are a very dextrous disguiser.
1890 7emple Bar Mag. Jan. 22 The two main disguisers
and disfigurers of humanity.
+ Disgui'sily, a/v. Obs. [f. Discuisy a, +
-LY2.] Strangely, extraordinarily.
¢132§ Orfeo & H. 322 in D. Laing Sed. Rem. (1822), An
hundred tours ther were about, Degiselich and bataild stout.
¢13§0 Will. Palerne 485 Desparaged were i disgisili 3if i
dede in pis wise. c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode 1. \xxiv. (1869)
43 To the mille he was born, and disgisyliche grounden.
+ Disgui‘siness. 0¢;. Also de-. [f.as prec.
+-NeEsS.] Strangeness of guise or fashion.
¢1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. P 340 Precious clothyng is cowp-
able .. for his softenesse, and for his strangenesse and
degisynesse [zv. 7. disgisinesse]. cxg00 Beryn 2523 And
mervellid much in Geffrey of his disgiseness.
Disguising (disgaizin), vd/. sd. [f. Discuisz
v.+-ING1,]
1. The action of the verb Diseuise. +a. Change
of fashion of clothes; strange or fantastic dressing.
1398 Lollard Conclus. Art. xii,in J. Lewis Life Wyclif
(1820) 342 Duodecima Conclusio, quod multitudo artium in
nostro regno nutrit multum peccatum in waste, curiositate,
et inter disguising. c1400 Facob’s Well 79 3if dysgysing,
or excesse of clothys .. be perin .. panne is bat desyre of
praysing & dely3t in pe clothys & rycches dedly synne.
@ 1450 Kent. de la Tour (1868) 62 Noyis flode..stroied the
world for the pride and the disguysinge that was amonge
women, 1480 Caxton Chron, /ng. ccxxvi. (1482) 233 They
+. chaunged hem euery yere dyuerse shappes and disguys-
— clothyng. e
. The assumption of a disguise,
159t SuHaks. 7wo Gent, u. vi. 37 lle a her father notice
Of their disguising and pretended flight.
e. The giving of a false appearance or represen-
tation ; concealing.
a9 A. Day Eng. Secretary u. (1625) 13 His going to N.
to be but a meere disguising his intent. 1587 Gotpinc De
Mornay xxii. (1617) 359 Disguisings of the trath.
2. concr, + @.. Strange or new-fangled dress, Ods.
1386 Cuaucer Fars, 7. P 351 The wrecched swollen
membres that they shewe inca the degisynge in depart-
ynge of hire hoses in whit and reed. c¢ 1485 Dighy Myst.v.
150 These do signyfie Your disgysyng And your Araye.
b. Dress or covering worn to conceal identity.
1485 Act 1 Hen, VII, c.7 The said Mis-doers, by reason
of their painted Faces, Visors, and other Disguisings could
not be known. 1581 Lamparpe Elven. 1. iv. (1588) 419. |
+3. A mask, or masquerade ; an acting by ‘dis-
guisers’ or guisers, Ods.
1481-90 Howard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 389 All suche stoffe
-. that he bowgt for the ysing. 1530 Tinpace Pract.
Prelates Wks. (Parker Soc.) 11. 339 The Frenchmen .. of
late days made a play, or a disguising at Paris, in which the
emperor danced with the pope. 1 Act 24 Hen, VIII,
c. 13 lustes, tourneis. .or other marcial feates or disguisings.
15' Hotixsuep Chron, 111, 893/2 This Christmasse was
a goodlie disguising plaied at Graies In. 1688 R. Home
Armoury 1. 77/2 Kin Cassibelane .. gave... many Dis-
guisings, Plays, Minstrelsie and sports. 1801 Strutt Sforts
& Past, 1. ii. 1445 Magnificent pageants and disguisings.
+4, An alleged appellation for a ‘company’ of
tailors. Ods.
1486 Bk, St. Albans F vjb, A Disgysyng of Taylours,
pa. pple. of de(s\guisier to DiscuIsE.] Disguised,
altered from familiar guise, mode, or appearance.
1, Wearing a disguise ; disguised ; masked.
¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 298 Pe Scottis sent ouer
be se A boye of per rascaile, quaynt & deguise. c1350
Will. Palerne 1610 Also daunces disgisi redi dizt were.
2. Of changed fashion; of strange guise; new-
fashioned, new-fangled ; monstrous; wrought,
made, or ornamented in a novel or strange fashion.
a1y40 Hamroie Psalter cxlvi. 11, Paire degyse atyre, &
= licherous beryn; ¢ 1386 Cuavucer Pars. 7. P 343
he cost of embrowdynge, the degise endentynge .. or
bendynge. ¢ 1430 LypG. Bochas v1. xii: (1554) 159a, There
is none other nacion Touching aray, that is so disguisee In
wast of cloth and superfluite. cx Pilgr. Lyf Manhode
1. exliv. (1869) 74 To roste a smal hastelet or to make a
steike or sum oother disgisee thing.
3. Strange, unfamiliar, extraordinary.
¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 14787 To telle hit
here hit ys no nede; Hit were a degyse pyng. ¢1350 Will.
Palerne 2715 So long pei caired .. ouer dales & dounes &
disgesye weyes. c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) 74 Whi
it is pf swich facioun. It is a thing disgisy to me.
4. Feigned, done to deceive.
1375 Barbour Bruce xix. 459 Zone fleying is right degyse.
Thair armyt men behynd I se. c1430 /ilgr. Lyf Manhode
1. xxii. (1869) 84 ‘Turnynge the gospel al up so doun bi dis-
gisy woordes and lyinge. 4
Disgu'lf, -gu‘lph, v. Also 7 disgolf. [f. Dis-
7 c+ GULF, or from radical part of engulf] trans.
To send forth or discharge as from a gulf.
1635 Person Varieties 1. 24 The perpetuall and constant
running and disgolfing of Rivers, b es and springs from
the earth into it [the sea]. 1839 Baitry Festus iv. (1852) 44
Canst thou not disgulph for me. .of all thy sea-gods one?
Disgust (disgust), sd. [ad. 16th c. F. desgoust
(Paré), mod.F. dégovt; or ad. It. disgusto ‘distaste’
(Florio), f. Dis- 4 + gusto taste: cf. Discus v.
This and all the cognate words appear after 1600,
They are not used by Shakspere.]
1. Strong distaste or disrelish for food in general,
or for any particular kind or dish of food ; sicken-
ing physical disinclination to partake of food, drink,
medicine, etc. ; nausea, loathing.
161 Corcr., Desappetit .. a queasinesse, or disgust of
stomacke. 1682 Gianius Vey. Bengala 43 This mishap
was attended by a disgust to the Leaves which we hereto-
fore found so good. 1799 J. Ropertson Agric. Perth 326
‘The Highlanders in general had a disgust at this kind of
food. 1803 Med. Frni. X..497 The nausea and disgust
excited from the exhibition OF this medicine. 1837 Hr.
Martineau Soc. Amer. 111. 61 The conflict between our
appetites and the disgust of the food was ridiculous,
Cropp Myths & Dr. 1. vi. 106 To this day the (hare). .is an
object of disgust in certain parts of Russia,
2. Strong repugnance, aversion, or repulsion ex-
cited by that which is loathsome or offensive, as a
foul smell, disagreeable person or action, disa
pointed ambition, etc. ; profound instinctive dislike
or dissatisfaction.
1611 Corcr., Desaimer. .to fall into dislike, or disgust of.
1632 J. Haywanp tr, Biond i's Eromena 26 It behooved him
to make much of his wife, with no lesse art, than disgu
(knowing her false). 1159 Rosertson /ist. Scot. 11. Diss.
Murder K. Henry u, Croc .. represents her disgust at
Darnley to be extreme. 1789 T. Ngo Writ. (1859)
II. 574 His dress, in so gaya style, gives gen disgust
against him. 1796 R. Bace Hermsprong |x, Unable to
conquer her disgust to Sir Philip, 180x Mrs. Cran. Surru
Lett, Solit. Wand. 11. 158 In her. .disgust towards her con-
ductor, 18a2 Hazwirr 7 ad/e-t. Ser. 1, vii. (1869) 156 The
object of your abstract hatred and implacable disgust. 1845
S. Austin Ranke's Hist, Ref. 111. 33 He soon
disgust across the Alps,
. with a and
1598 Forio, Disparére, a disopinion. .a disgust or vnkind-
-_ B.'Harris Parival’s Jron Age ¢ left behind
him, an immortal disg .. the g' party.
1751 Smottetr Per, Pic, (1779) IIL. Ixxxi. 213 A couple so
situated would be apt to imbibe mutual —— 1865
Busunett Vicar. Sacr. iii. (1868) 77 His griefs, disgusts,
and wounded sensibilities. ‘
+e. An expression of disgust. Ods, rare.
a Ranxpoten Amyntas Poems (1668) 214 Will I be
Archi-Flamen, where the gods Are so remiss? Let wolves
approach their shrines, [etc.].. Such disgusts at last
Awaken'd Ceres.
+3, An outbreak of mutual displeasure and ill-
feeling ; a difference, a quarrel. Ods.
ce el td 166 Some phen n'd
I a vag ona usly taken place
causes strong dislike or repug-
harles and H s
4. That whic
nance ; an annoyance, yexation. ? Ods.
W. Mouxtacue Devout Ess. u. x. § 5 (R.), When the
with the presence of the
between
pretenting of the beast fa joined
DISGUST.
1658 Suincssy Diary (1836) 210 Custome and
disgust. 3
continuance has sweetned those disgusts. 1761-2 Hume
Hist. Fae Uso) Ill. xliii. 525 Some disgusts which she
had received from the States, 1807-8 Syp. Smitu Plymdey’s
Lett. Wks. 1859 11. 152/2 Nor can I conceive a greater dis-
st to a Monarch .. than to see such a question as that of
tholic <eoyp een argued [etc.].
(disga'st), v. [ad. F. desgouster (in
R, Estienne 1539) ‘to distast,. loath, dislike, ab-
horre’ (Cotgr. 1611), or ad, It. dsgustare ‘to dis-
taste’ (Florio), f. des-,Dis- 4 + F. gouster (mod.F.
goiter), It. and L. gustdre to taste. (The F. word
was itself prob. from It.).}
+1. trans, To have a strong distaste for or re-
pugnance to; to loathe, disrelish, dislike, regard
with aversion or displeasure. a. /2¢. of food. Ods.
1659 T. Pecke Parnassi Puerp. u. 177 That you may
disgust nothing you should eat: Let Hunger give the
Hogoo to your Meat. sp 4 W. Simpson Hydrol. Chynt. 165
It is not very palatable, which makes some disgust it. 1752
Scotland’s Glory 27 Our Siloah’s streams disgusting For Eng-
lish leeks and onions they And fleshpots still were lusting.
+b. generally. Ods. :
1601 Jip. Consid. Sec. Priests (1675) 64 There is no King
. disgusting the See of Rome. .that would have endured us.
x6rx Corar., s.v. Odeur, [1 ne la pas en bonne odeur, he
disgusts him..he hath no good conceit cf him. 1654 H.
L’Esrrance Chas. / (1655) 110 His Majesty .. disgusting
Parliaments, was enforced to call in the aid of his Preroga-
tive. @171%6 Soutn Serm. (1744) X. 282 Had he not known,
that I disgusted it, it had never been spoke cr done by him.
2. To excite physical nausea and loathing in (a
person) ; to offend the taste or smcll of.
1650 W. Broucu Sacr. Princ. (1659) 226 The nomen y es
disgusts the palate. 1750 Jounson Rambler No. 78 P1 The
palate is reconciled by degrees to dishes which at first dis-
gusted it. Jo. The smell of soap-works always disgusts
me.
3. To offend the s_nsibilities of; to excite aversion,
repugnance, or sickening displeasure in (a person).
1659 B. Harris Parival’s [ron Age 89 King James .. by
the negotiations with Spain .. had disgusted many of the
Reformed Religion. 67d. 273 The Pope was disgusted at
the disobedience of the Christians. 1717 Asp. Kine in Ellis
Orig. Lett. Ser. u. 1V. 316 Found him engaged ina prac-
tice that disgusted and shamed all his friends. 1841 Ex-
puinstone //ist. /nd. 11.557 Prince Azim had disgusted
many of his principal officers by his arrogance. 1863 Mxs.
Outenant Sad. Ch. xix. 328 He was disgusted with Phoebe
for bringing the message, and disgusted with Beecher for
looking pleased to receive it.
b. adsol. To be very distasteful.
1756 Burke Sudd. § B. 111. v, Want of the usual proportions
in men and other animals is sure to disgust. 1763 J. Brown
ory d &§ Alus. v.75 Vhe Musicand Dance of the Americans
*,.at first disgusts.
4. With from, of, against: To raise or excite such
aversion in (a person) as dissuades or deters him
from a proposed or intended purpose.
1700 S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 127 The very seeing of
her disgusted me from Matrimony. 1781 JustaMonp /’77v.
Life Lewis XV, 11. 133 The Monarch was ever soon dis-
usted of gratifications that were merely sensual. 1788
E Jerrerson Writ. (1859) II. 512 To disgust Mr. Neckar..
against their new fishery, by letting him foresee its expense.
3879 ATcHERLEY Boerland 156, I put an expansive ball right
on his snout..which .. thoroughly disgusted him of attack-
ing us.
+ Disgu'stable, a. Obs. rare. [f. Disausr v.
+-ABLE.] Capable of exciting disgust; disgusting.
1787 Minor 29 A-propos, Mr. O’Nial, this house is like
yourself—in many things disgustable,
Disgustant (disgy'stint), a. and sd. [f. Drs-
GUST 7. +-ANT: in F. dégoutant.] a. adj. Disgust-
ing. rare—°. b. sb. Something that excites disgust.
1866 Macm. Mag. May 62 A deterrent and a disgustant.
Disgusted (disgu'stéd), s/.a. [f. Discusr z.
+-ED.} +a. Distasteful, strongly disliked (0ds.).
b. Feeling disgust or aversion ; chagrined.
1668 Sourn Serm. xxvii. (1843) 467 Fear ..makes him
unable to assert a disgusted truth. 1x Hearne Duct.
Hist. (1714) I. 162 Wilson a disgusted Man wrote the Life
of K. James. ay Wittock Voy. 11 He retired sullen and
disgusted. 1819 Metropolis II. 189 [He] staggers from his
intemperate banquet, and reels toa disgusted wife.
Hence Disgu'stedly adv., with disgust or tepul-
sion.
1864 Louie's last term (N. Y.) 85 She. .put her lips to the
lass, turned 4 { her nose very disgustedly. 188: Miss
Bracoon Asfph, III. 98 Shrugging his shoulders disgustedly.
nee rare. [f. as prec. + -ER.]
+1. One who strongly dislikes ; cf. Disgust v. 1.
168r J. Cottins Pref. to Glanvill’s Sadducismus, The
truth of this story lying so uneasie in the minds of the
disgusters of such things.
2. He who or that which excites distaste or aver-
sion.
Disgustful (disgzstfil), a. [f. Discusr sé.
+-FUL. Very common in 17-18th c.]
1, Causing literal disgust; offensive to the taste
or other sense; disagreeable, sickening, nauseous.
_@1616 Beaum. & Fi. Bonduca 1. ii, The British waters
are grown dull and muddy, The fruit disgustful. 1657 ‘Tom-
Linson Renou's Disp. 169 All kinds of cordialls save those
that are disgustful. 1727 Swirr Gulliver ww. vi, A medicine
way annoying and disgustful to the bowels. 1814 Cary
ante’s Inf. 11. 63 Blood, that mix’d with tears .. by dis-
tful worms was gather’d there. 1888 Lowett Prose Wks,
G80) VI. 199 These flesh-flies. . plant there the eggs of their
isgustful and infectious progeny-
453
2. Distasteful, displeasing; causing dislike, dis-
satisfaction, or displeasure ; offensive. arch.
16x1 SpeEp //ist. Gt. Brit. vi. xxi. § 6. 108, I grieue; that
my life and..Gouernment. .should seem so disgustfull vnto
any. 1659 C. Nosie A/od. Answ. Immod. Q. 8 If any
Prince were disgustfull..asperse and calumniate him, 1748
J. Mason Elocut. 15 This unnatural ‘Tone in reading .. is
always disgustful to Persons of Delicacy. 1774 //ést.
Europe in Ann. Reg. 76/1 A trial by juries was strange
and disgustful to them. ax Por Jlrs. Browning Wks.
(1864) IIT. 424 A disgustful gulf of utter incongruity.
8. With stronger implication : Causing disgust or
strong aversion ; sickeningly repugnant or shocking
to the moral sensibilities ; repulsive, disgusting.
1678 Gace Crt. Gentiles III, 12 It seemeth so disgustful
to many, if it be said, that God wils and produceth the act
..of parricide. 1791 Burke Let, Afember Nat. Ass. Wks.
VI. 34 The spawn of his disgustful amours. 1821 New
Monthly Mag. 11. 385 A tragedy..which exceeds in horror
the disgustful atrocities of ‘Titus Andronicus. 1852 Haw-
THORNE Blithedale Kom. 111. ix. 164 Inexpressibly miser-
able is this familiarity with objects that have been from the
first disgustful.
4. Full of disgust; associated with, or charac-
terized by, disgust.
(1782 V. Knox Ess. (1819) I. xxxvii. 200 It ceases to
produce its natural effect, and terminates in disgustful
satiety.) 1841 Lyrton N4. & Alorn, (1851) 244 He turned
with hard and disgustful contempt from pleasure, 1866 STF-
venson Dr, Fekyll ix. (ed. 2) 99 This person. .had..struck
in me what I can only describe as a disgustful curiosity.
Hence Disgu'stfully ad/v., Disgu'stfulness.
173 Baitey (ed. 5), Disgust/ully, distastefully, un-
pleasantly. 1782 V. Knox Ess. (1819) III. exlv. 131 Tris-
tram Shandy is in many places disgustfully obscure. 1832
Fraser's Mag. V.149 This does.away with much of the dis-
gustfulness of death. 1853 Hawrnorne Our Old /ome,
About Warwick (1879) 101 To shrink more disgustfully than
ever before from the idea of being buried at all.
Disgu'sting, 74/. sd. [see -1NG1.] The action
of the verb Discust. (Now only gerundial.)
1659 WoopHEAD S¢. Teresa t1. xxxv. 256 With the ex-
tream disgusting of their kindred.
Disgusting (disgy'stin), Ap’. a. [f. Diseusr
v. + -ING*.] That disgusts (see the verb); dis-
tasteful, sickening, repulsive.
1754 P. H. //iberniad ii. 20 Particular Detail. .would be-
come dry, and disgusting to the Stranger’s Palate. 1839
Keicntcey //ist. Eng. 11. 39 The disgusting language of
the indictment. 1843 Prescotr J/exico (1850) I. 302 Their
disgusting cannibal repasts.
Disgu'stingly, av. [f. prec. + -1y2.] In
a disgusting manner, so as to cause disgust ; co/log.
offensively, aggravatingly, annoyingly.
1758 L. Tempe Sketches (ed. 2) 16 Neither .. flat on the
one hand, nor disgustingly stiff on the other. 1804 Az.
Rev. Il. 57/2 Calcutta is described as disgustingly filthy.
a 1856 Masson Ess. iii. 75 He stands before them disgust-
ingly unabashed. 1864 Daily Tel. x June, With these
disgustingly long days, the night never would come cn.
I Jessope Stud. Recluse vi. (1893) 198 The Younger
Pliny. .was disgustingly rich.
Disgu'stingness. [f. as prec.+-NnEss.] The
quality of being disgusting ; an instance of this.
1851 Fraser's M/ag. XLII. 175 ‘The same defect, carried
out into sheer disgustingness. 1880 R. S. Watson 177s.
Wazan ix. 165 Every disgustingness .. lies there bare and
open to the day.
+ Disgu'stion. 0ds. rare.
v.: see -I0N.] =Discust 5d.
1659 D. Pett /wpr. Sea Ded. C viij, Let not the irreligion
of those places.. breed in you .. a disgustion unto the pure
--Religion. /déd. 556 Homer brings in brave Ulysses in
great despair, and disgustion of a drowning death.
+ Disgu'stive, 2. Ods. rare—'. [f. Discusr
v. + -IVE.} That tends or is fitted to disgust.
1740 A. Hirt, Let. in Mrs. Barbauld Life Richardson
(1804) I. 45 A heavy disgustive insipidness.
Dish (dif), ss. Forms: 1 dise, (3 dischs,
diss‘, 3-5 disch, -e, 4 (dise, dych, di3sch),
dissch, -e, 4-5 dyssh,-e, 4-6 disshe, dishe,
5-6 dyssche, dysch, dysche, 6 diszshe, 3- dish.
[OE. disc plate, bowl, platter, = OHG. /ésc plate
(MHG. and Ger. Z#sch table), OS. dsk table, MDu.
and Du. disch table, ON. déskr plate (? from OE.) ;
WGer, *disk(s), a. L. disc-us quoit, dish (in Vul-
gate), Disk. ‘The OE. (like OHG. and ON.) re-
presents a Latin sense of the word, while the sense
‘table’ found in MHG. and other later dialects
corresponds to a later Romanic sense, exemplified
by It. deseo, F. dets, dais (Desk, Dais).]
. A broad shallow vessel, with flat bottom, con-
cave sides, and nearly level rim, made of earthen-
ware, glass, metal, or wood, and used chiefly to
hold food at meals. Now, on the one hand often
restricted to those of oval, square, or irregular
shape, as distinguished from the circular A/ate, and
on the other extended to all open vessels used to
contain food at table, as tureens, vegetable dishes,
etc,
azoo Epinal Gloss. 786 (O. E. T.), Patena, disc. a 800
Corpus Gloss. 852 Ferculum, disc. cgso Lindisf. Gosp.
Matt. xiv. 8 Sel me..in disc heafud iohannes, cx000 Ags.
Gosp. Matt. xxvi. 23 Se be is on disce mid me hys
hand. a@zzzg Aucr. R. 344 Ibroken disch, cxago S. Eng.
Leg. I. 46/23 Ane Dischs of seluer he nam also, @ 1300
Cursor M, 13159 (Cott.) Ask him.. His heued to giue be in
[irreg. f. Discusr
DISH,
a diss. ¢ 1300 Havelok 919 Ful wel kan ich dishes swilen.
¢ 1380 Wycuir IVks. (1880) 434 Dizschis & coupis of siluer,
c 1420 Liber Cocorum (1862) 32 In a dysshe thy gose thou
close, 1535 CovERDALE Yudg. v. 25 She .. broughte forthe
butter in a lordly diszshe. 1587 Mascat Govt. Cattle (1627)
270 The common saying is, the hog is neuer good but when
he is in the dish. 1662 i Davies tr. Olearius’ Voy, Ambass.
198 The Wooden dishes that are all over Persia. 1710 STEELE
Tatler No. 245 ? 2 A small Cabinet..in which were..halfa
Dozen of Portugal Dishes. 1829 Soutney Pilger. Conpostella
ii, They both slipt about in the gravy Before they got out
of the dish. 188 Wueattey & Detamotte Art IVA.
Earthenware iv. 49 Palissy..took the greatest pains in the
fouling of the fishes..which he placed upon these curious
ishes,
b. A hollow vessel of wood or metal, used for
drinking, and also esf. as a beggar’s receptacle for
alms; a cup; cf. ALMS-DISH, CLACK-, CLAP-DISH.
1381 [see ALMs-pISsH]. [c 1394 J. MALVE Contn. Higden
(Rolls) IX. App. 79 Quoddam jocale argenteum et deaura-
tum formatum ad mcdum navis, vocatur discus eleemo-
synarum.) 1488 I¥72/ of I’ywale (Somerset Ho.), A new
treen dyssh wt a pynte of ale therin. 1532 [see CLarrer
sh.' 2], 1893 Suaxs. Rich. J/, 1, iii, 150 Vil give.. My
figur’d Goblets, fora Dish of Wood. 1605 7 7-yadl Chev. 1. iil.
in Bullen O. 2?’ ILI. 278, I know him as well as the Begger
knowes his dish. 1634 Mitron Comns 391 Who would rob
a hermit of. .his beads, or maple dish? 178x Cowrer 7 ruth
80 Books, beads, and maple dish, his meagre stock.
te. transf. Applied to an acorn-cup. Odés.
1599 A. M. tr. Gadelhouer's Bk. Physicke 172/t Drie the
little akorne dishes. .and contunde them sinalle.
+d. Phrases. Zo cast, lay, throw (something)
zn one’s dish: to reproach or taunt him with it.
To have a hand in the dish: to meddle, interfere.
To have a foot tn the dish (like a pig in the
trough) : to gain a footing, have a share (cf. to have
a finger in the pie). Ods.
15x I. Witson Logike (1580) 62b, When wee charge
hym with a like fault, and laye some greater matter in his
dishe. 1596 Nasue Saffron Walden 67 Hee casts the
begger in my dish at euerie third sillable. 1611 CovGr. s.v.
A liboron, A..busie-body ; one that hath his hand in euery
dish. 1615 Swetnam Avraigni. Worten (1830) p. xviil,
Hir dowrie will. be often cast in thy dish if shee doe bring
wealth with her. 1682 Buxyan //oly IWar 233 We have
already also a foot in their dish, for our Diabolonian friends
are laid in their bosoms. 1710 Sterne Vatler No. 164? 5
Some. .have been so disingenuous, as to throw Maud the
Milk-Maid into my Dish. 1722 Sewer //ist. Quakers
(1795) I. 8 Under the bloody reign of Queen Mary, this
was laid in his dish.
2. The food ready for eating served on or con-
tained in a dish; a distinct article or variety of food.
1§26 2ilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 17b, ‘The moost hye
deyntyes or delicate dysshes. 1601 Suaxs. Yul. C. u. i. 173
Let’s carue him, as a Dish fit for the Gods. 1621x — Jint,
T. 1. iii. 8 F quart of Ale is a dish for a King. 1655
Mourer Et /fealth’s Improv. (1746) 190 Cambletes
King of Lydia, having eaten of his own Wife, said, he
was sorry to have been ignorant so long of so good a Dish.
1675 Hoszes Odyssey (1677) 296 ‘Vo beasts and fowls is he
Somewhere. .become a dish. 1750 Jounson Nambicr No. 78
px The palate is reconciled by degrees to dishes which at
first disgusted it. 1849 Macautay //ist. Eng. I. 321 The
ladies. .retired as soon as the dishes had been devoured.
1853 SoveR Pantroph. 73 You will obtain a most delicate
dish by boiling the cucumbers with brains.
Jig. 1647 N. Bacon: Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. xiv, The Theme
of Marriage was the best Dish in all their Entertainment.
b. By-dish, side-dish: see BY- 3a,S1DE. A/ade
dish; a fancy dish of various ingredients, depend-
ing for its success on the cook’s skill. Standing
dish : one that appears each day or at every meal.
(Also used ig.)
162x Burton Anat. Mel. 1. ii. 1. i. 43 Artificial made
dishes, of which our Cooks afford us a great variety. 1654
WuitLock Zootomia 146 Meer Quelquechoses, made dishes
of no nourishing. 1876 W. H. Pottock in Contemp. Kev.
June 56 ‘The mysteries had ceased to be the standing dish
of theatrical entertainment. i :
3. As aterm of quantity more or less indefinite.
a. As much or as many as will fill or make a dish
when cooked. b. A dishful, a bowlful or cupful.
1596 Suaks. Merch. V.u. ii. 144, I haue here a dish of
Doues that I would bestow vpon your worship. 1597 —
2 Hen. IV, u. iv.5 The Prince once set a Dish of Apple-
lohns before him. 1699 Damrier Voy. II. i. 175 The Boat
returned with a good dish of Fish. 1873 Tristram J7oad
xiv. 254 Trotter. .secured a good dish of fish in the pools.
b. 1896 Suaxs. 1 Hen, JV, u1. iii. 35, Such a dish of skim’d
Milk. 1662 J. Davies tr. Olearius’ Voy. Aimbass. 171 He
had taken off two or three Dishes of Aquavitz. 1679
Trials of Green, Berry, etc. 65, I will go to the Coffee-house,
and drink a Dish of Coffee. 171x Appison Sfect. No. 57
P 4 She scalded her Fingers, and spilt a Dish of Tea upon
her Petticoat. 1795 Yerma Il. 10 Having finished his
dish of chocolate. 1824 Byron faz xvi. xxx, He sate him
pensive o’er a dish of tea. 1855 Macautay //ist. Eng. IV.
688 More than one seat in Parliament .. had been bought
and sold over a dish of coffee at Garraway’s. 1862 Sat. Rev,
XIII. 526/2 The cook anticipates many a cosy dish of tea
with friends,
e. fig.
1606 Suaxs. 7”. §& Cx. v. i. 10 Thou full dish of Foole,
1608 — Per. tv. vi. 160 My dish of chastity. 1708 Motrrux
Rabelais v. vii. (1737) 24 Roger .. hada Dish of Chat with
her. 1753 Gray Left. Wks. 1884 II. 241 To entertain you
with a dish of very choice erudition. 1820 Lapy GRANVILLE
Lett. (1894) 1. 183 This new dish of Continental troubles.
1836 Backwoods Canada 183 For the sake of a dish of gossip.
transf. A shallow concave vessel or receptacle
of any kind. See also CHAFING-DISH,
1633 G. Hersert Temple, Fustice ii, The dishes of thy
‘DISH.
ballance. 1702 W. J. Bruyn's Voy. Levant xxxii. 126 The
Ropes which were 1 the Capstan pulled it out .of its
Dish. c 1865 J. Wytpe in Cire. Sc. I. 305/2 Evaporating
dishes are emp! ong 3
5, A dish-like concavity; e.g. on one side of a
wheel (see quots.) ; a depression in a field, etc.
“1810 T. WILLIAMSON Agric. Mech. 95 The dish given to
wheels. 1812-6 J. Smirn Panorama Sc. & Art 1.372 Wheels
are commonly made with what is called a dish, that is, the
spokes are inserted not at right angles, but with an inclina-
tion towards the axis of the nave or centre-piece; so that..
the wheel appears dished or hollow. 1846 Worcester, Dish
-.a hollow in a field. i F ; h
6. As a specific quantity in various industries:
+ a. An obsolete measure for corn. Cf. ToLL-pIsH.
1419 Corn-dish [see Corn sb.! 11.]. 1774 T. West Anti.
Furness (1805) 85, I will provide them mills for their foreign
grain at the rate of the twenty first dish.
b. Zin-mining. A gallon of ore ready for the
smelter. ec. Lead-mining. A rectangular box used
for measuring the lead ore; by Act 14and 15 Vict.
c. 94 § 3 fixed to contain fifteen pints of water ;
brazen-dish: see BRAZEN a. 4. A. Also, the pro-
portion of tin or lead ore paid as royalty to the
mine landlord, etc.
1531 Dial. Laws Eng. u. lv. (1638) 173, If a man take
a Tinne work, and give the Lord the tenth dah, 1602 CAREW
Cornwall 13b, They measure their blacke Tynne by the ..
Dish..which containeth..a gallon. 1631 Brazen dish [see
Brazen a. 4). 1653 Mantove Lead Mines 53 But first the
finder his two meers must free With oar there found, for
the Barghmaster’s fee Which is one dish for one meer of
the ground. /é/d. 75 The thirteenth dish of oar within
their mine, To th’ Lord for Lot, they pay at measuring
time. 1667 Primatr City & C. Build.7 A Ties load .. is
nine dishes .. weighing about Four hundred and Fifty
pound, 168: Houcuton Compl. Miner Gloss. (E. D. S.),
Dish, a trough made of wood, about 28 inches long, 4 inches
deep, and six inches wide; by which all miners measure
their ore. 1884 R. Hunt Brit. Mining 83 Mining for tin
and copper was carried on, in 1770 .. Permission was .. ob-
tained from the lord of the soil, and an acknowledgment
‘dish’, or ‘dues '—was paid to him .. commonly one-sixth,
one-seventh, one-eighth, or even to one-twelfth, or less.
e. Diamond and Gold-mining: see quots.
1890 Goldfields Victoria 17, 1 haye obtained good dish
prospects after crudely crushing up the quartz, 1893 Scott.
Leader 19 May 7 About 120 ‘dishes’ go to a ‘load’ .. it is
an astonishing ‘ prospect’ (4 carats [of diamonds] obtained
from 6 dishes).
II. [immed. from L. discus.)
+7. A quoit ; quoit-playing. Ods.
1382 Wyciir 2 Macc. iv. 14 They hastiden for to be maad
felawis of wrastlyng..and ot oat: or cumpanye of dishe, or
pleyinge with ledun dishe [2388 in ocupacions of a disch,
ether pleiyng with a ledun disch; Vulg. disci; Coverpate,
to put at y® stone; 1611 the game of Discus). 1552 HuLoet,
Dyshe caster, or who that throweth a dyshe, aiscobolus,
III. [f. Dish v.] 8. slang. The act of ‘ dish-
ing’: see Disu v. 7.
1891 Siz W. Harcourt Sf. 30 July, The last reliance of
the Tory in an extremity is a policy of ‘dish’ as it is called.
IV. Comb. 9. a. attrib. as dish-rack; b. ob-
jective, as dish-dearer, -designer, -turner, -washing.
c1440 Promp. Parv. 122/1 Dysshe berer at mete, dis-
coferus, 1842S, Lover Handy Andy v, A long procession
of dish-bearers. 1 Tennyson Becket 5 A dish-designer,
and most amorous Of..Gascon wine. 1894 H. Sreicut
Nidderdale 384 Whitesmiths, dish-turners. 1891 Anthony's
Photogr. Bulletin WV. 336 Dish-washing. .includes all that is
required, with regard to cleanliness, in amateur photography.
10. Special comb. : + dish-bench, -bink (orth.
dial.), -board, a rest for dishes, a dresser, a plate-
rack; + dish-caster (see 7 above); dish-cover,
a cover of ware or metal placed over hot food ;
dish-cradle, -cratch (dia/.; in Nares -catch),
a plate-rack ; dish-crowned a., having a crown
shaped like a dish; dish-faced a. (of dogs and
horses) ‘having the nose higher at the tip than
the stop’ (Stables Friend Dog vii. 50); (dial. of
persons) having a round flattish face, like a re-
versed plate; +dish-headed a., an epithet of
monks; dish-heater, ‘a warming closet at-
tached to a stove or exposed in front of a fire to
heat dishes’ (Knight Dzct. Mech.) ; + dish-meat,
food cooked in a dish, as e.g. a pie ; dish-monger,
one who deals in, or has much to do with, dishes
(of food); +dish-mustard, Turner’s name for
Thiaspi arvense dish-plate, Min. (see quot.)
dish-rag, -towel=DisH-cLotH; dish-spring, a
spring shaped like a dish; dish- trough = Disu sé.
6c. Also DISH-CLOTH, -CLOUT, -WASH, -WATER, etc.
1483 Cath. Angl, 100/2 “Dische benke, scutellarium.
1535 Richmond. Wills (Surtees) 12 A cobbord with a dys-
bynk, F. K. Rosinson /VAitby Gloss., Dish-bink, a
kitchen rack for the plates, 1523 Firzners. Hush, § 146
Swepe thy hous, dresse vp thy *dysshborde. 156a Richmond.
Wills (Surtees) 152 My counter and dishebourd. 1831
Society. I. 144 The *dish-covers are slowly raised. 1691
Ray N.C. Words 133 *Dish-Cradle or Credle, a wooden
Utensil for wooden Dishes. ?16.. Comical Dial. betw. 2
Country Lovers (N.), My *dish-c{rJatch, cupboards, boards,
and bed. 1600 Row.annos Let. Humours Bi vii. 1
*Dish-crown’d Hat. 1737 Bracken Farriery Impr. inras
II, 12 The *Dish-faced, or Roman Nosed Horse. 1825-80
AMIESON, Dish-faced, flat-faced ; pen both to man and
1869 Lonsdale Gloss., Dish-faced, hollow-faced.
1581 J. Bett Haddon's Answ. Osor. 489b, Those *dish-
headed dranes of that shavelyng and Cowled rowte. [¢ 1440
454
Promp. Parv. 122/1 *Dysshe > discibarium.
Sree Pee RYA Welburn 1. 2558 re dysshe i=
were put out of her presence. 1589 R. Harvey Pd. Perc.
Hoime Armoury pee ne een and
Oven. AL
“Hence Dishabilitattion, disqualification; -im-
ldisability.
ing of a .
36... Sc. Acts Chas. I, (1814) V. fam.) All prior act:
of dishaliitetious, «1660 We Bee Doe baw Sere Die
Aabilitation is a term sometimes used by our older law
Oft. Glass 8 *Dish-mongers .. running into excesse of riot.
1548 ‘Turner Names of Herbes 78 Named in englishe
*dyshmustard, or triacle Mustard .. because the seede is
lyke mustard seede in colour and in tast, and the vessel
that conteyneth the seede is lyke a disshe. 1892 Hestor
Northumbld. Gloss., Dish-plates, in mining, plates or rails
dished to receive the fore wheels of a tub, to faciliate the
teeming. 1825 J. Nicnotson Oferat. Mechanic 34 CC is
a *dish-spring, secured in its place by the pin. 1883 Harper's
—_ Feb. 3965/2 Mr. Ayer removed her *dish-towel from its
nail. 1747 Hooson Miner's Dict. s.v. Barmaster, (Thel
Barmaster looks after keeping the *Dishtrough.
Dish (dif), v.! [f. Dis sb.J
1. trans. To put (food) into a dish, and set it
ready for a meal. Also with up (+ forth, out).
1585 J. Hooxer Girald. Jrel. in Holinshed 11. 81 The
thin fare that heere is disht before him. 1598 Epulario
Biij, Dish the meat, and lay this sauce vpon it. °
Cutverwett Lt, Nat, 150 (L.) They dish out ambrosia for
them. ¢ 1685 in Dk. Buckhm.’s Wks. (1705) Il. 48 She..
neatly dish’d it up with Egg-sauce. Mrs. RapciiFFre
Eng. Housekpr. t:778) 189 When your dinner or supper is
dished. 1833 Marryat 7. Simple i, Jemima, dish up!
1879 Sata Paris herself again (1880) I. xvii. 261 Grilled
bones. .dished up for you before bedtime.
2. fig. To present (attractively) for acceptance ;
to serve up. Also with uf (+ forth, out).
r61r SHaxs. Wint. 7. 111. ii. 73 For Conspiracie, I know
not how it tastes, though it be dish’d For me to try how.
1641 Mitton Animady, (1851) 237 Lest, thinking to offer
him as a present to God, they dish him out for the Devill.
1658 GuRNALL Chr. in Arm. verse 15 ii. § 4 (1669) 121/2
The heavenly viands disht forth in the Gospel. 1756 Wasu-
INGTON Let, Wks. (1889) I. 265 Their success .. dished up
with a good deal of French policy, will encourage the
Indians..to fall upon our inhabitants. 1858 Doran Crt.
Fools 70 This story..has been dished up in a hundred
different ways.
3. nonce-uses. a. To dish about: to pass round in
a dish, to drink in turns from a dish or bowl. b.
To receive (liquid) as in a dish.
1719 D Urrey /il/s (1872) III. 311 Then dish about the
Mother’s Health. 1847 H. Metvitte Omoo xvi. 59 The
jute reared up on her stern..and when she settled again
orward, fairly dished a tremendous sea.
4. To fashion like a dish ; to make concave like
a dish or its sides; to hollow out; spec. to set the
spokes of a (carriage-wheel) at such an inclination
to the nave that the wheel is concave on one side
(purposely or as the result of an accident).
1 Agric. Surv. E, Lothian 74 (Jam.), Formerly the
wheel was much dished, from a mistaken principle. 1823
P. Nicnotson Pract. Build. 584 Dish-out, to form coves
by means of ribs, or wooden vaults for plastering upon.
1868 Frnl. R. Agric. Soc. Ser. u. 1V. 1. Pa The yards are
dished out in the centre to the depth of five feet. 1886
A.W. Greecy Arct. Serv. 1. xxvii. 370 Seven hours’ travel-
ling over very rough ground ‘dished’ a wheel, and lunch
was taken while repairs were being made. 1887 Sorting
Life 20 July 7/2 To facilitate turning the sharp ends, the
eastern and western ends [of a bicycle-track] were
‘dished’. :
5. intr. To be or become concave; to ‘cave in’.
1669 [see Disninc ffl. a.). 1886 A. W. Greety Arct.
Serv. I. xxvii. 387 We had much trouble with our wagon,
the wheel dishing frequently.
6. intr. Of a horse; To move the fore-feet in
his trot not straight forward but with a circular or
scooping motion,
1863 [see Disninc ff/. a.] 1869 Fitzwycram Horses &
Stables § 931 The more prominent defects .. are rolling,
dishing, cutting, and cealling. 1895 Letter /r. Corresp.
I think the best description of a horse that dishes, would
a horse that ‘ winds his forefoot '.
7. trans. slang. To ‘do for’, defeat completely,
tuin ; to cheat, circumvent. [From the notion of
food being done, and dished.]
a Monthly Mag. (Farmer), Done up, dish’d. 1812
E. Nares Thinks I to Myself (1816) 1. 208 (D.) He was
completely dished—he could never have appeared again,
1819 Adbcillard §& Heloisa 10 A consummation greatly
wish’d By nymphs who have been foully dish'd. 1826
Scorr Jrui. 31 July, It was five ere we got home, so there
was a day dished, 1830 Disrarii Let. 27 5 Ke 32
He dished Prince Pignatelli at billiards. 1835 R. H. Frovpe
Rem. (1838) 1. 419 You are now taking fresh ground, with-
out owning .. that on our first basis I dish i 1847
Mrs. Suerwoop Lady of Manor V. xxix. 103 If Fitzhenry
can't raise the sum, he will be dished, and that in a few
hours. 1 Latest News 29 Aug. 8 The Conservative
leader would be glad again to perform the operation of
‘dishing the Whigs’. 1880 Disrarit Lndym. xl, 1 believe
it [the House of C ] to be letely used up.
Reform has dished it. ?
h, v2 Sc. [variant of Dusu v.] ¢rans.
To push violently, thrust.
18ar Gat Sir A. Wylie 1. 70 (Jam.) They hae horns on
their head to dish the like o’ me.
Dishabilitate (dis,habi-lite't), v. [f D1s- 6
+ Hasirirate: cf. OF. deshadiliter to disqualify,
depose,] ¢rans, a, Sc. Law. To incapacitate, dis-
qualify. b. (sonce-use.) To render impotent.
1662-81 Stair in M. P. Brown Sufi. Decis. (1826) 11. 243
(Jam.) The Earl his father being forefault, and his posterity
dishabilitated to bruik estate or dignity in Scotland. 187%
R. Extis Cafudlus \xiii, 17 Ye, who. .could in utter hate to
lewdness your sex dishabilitate, ree /
s
aut , and signifies the corruption of sequent
a conviction for treason,
bille (disabrl, -bil). Forms: a. 7 dis-
habillie, -billié, 7-8 dishabillee, 8 dishabilie,
-habilly, -abilly, deshabilé, 7-9 déshabillé. 8.
7-9 deshabille, déshabille,8 deshabil. -y. 7-dis-
habille, 8 dishabile, (9 dia/. disabil). [ad. F.
déshabillé (in 1642 desabillé, Hatz.-Darm.) undress,
subst. use of pa. pple. of déshabi/ler to undress, f.
des-, Dis- 4 + habzller to dress, etc. The final -¢
of the French word (or its equivalent) has been
occasional in English since the 17th c., but it was
soon changed to ¢ mute, and the prefix generally
(like OF. des-) altered to dis-.] :
1. The state of being partly undressed, or dressed
in a negligent or careless style ; undress. Usually
in phr. 7” dishabille (=Fr. en déshabillé). :
a. 1705 Farquuar 7win-Rivals v. iv, 1 found a little
in the déshabillé. 1709 Mrs. MANLEY ‘New Atal.red. 2) 1.38
(Stanf.) Favour'd by his Disabilly all tempting. | 2711
Sreeve Sfect. No. 49 P 3 The Pleasures of their Deshablié.
1711 Brit, A pollo iif. No. 144. 3/1 The Ladies .. A ‘d
in such a Dishabilie there. . Woopwarp Eccen-
') 26 His lady made a thousand a
for being catched in such a dishabilly. 1885 AZ ume
Nov. 601/1 The shortcomings of English costume pale
token the déshadillé of the Dutch colonial ladies.
B. 1708 Mrs. Centitvre Busie Body 1. i, What would
she give now to be in this deshabille in the open air? 17%
Swirt Cadenus § Vanessa 367 (1726) 96 A next
glitt’ring Dames .. Came early, out of pure will, To
see the Girl in Deshabille. 1773 SHeripan in Sheridaniana
70 In studious deshabille beho! sit. 1861 T. A. TRoLLore
La Beata |. vi. 125 The easy, confidential intercourse of her
déshabille in the boudoir. E
a tr. Plutarch's Mor. Pref. (L.), To surprise his
mistress in dishabille. x 5 Cuurcni, Fourney Poems
II. 5 Nor would I have the Sisters of the hill Behold their
Bard in such a Dishabille. 1799 Soutuey Nondescripts iv,
Were it fair To judge a lady in her dishabille?
Burnanp My time ii. 13 Standing .. in his shirt-sleeves, for
which dishabille he apologized to us.
2. concr. A garment worn in undress; a dress or
costume of a negligent style.
1673 Wycuertey Gentl. Dancing ti
.. instead of variety of new gowns and rich petticoats, with
her dishabiilie, or flame-colour gown called Indian.
Crowne Eng. Friar v. Dram, Wks. 1874 1V. 11x They
only come in dishabillees to visit me, and did not
your Lordship. 1713 Gay Guardian No. 149 ® 6 We have
a kind of sketch Lidven .. ates: as the invention was
foreign, is called a Dishabille; every thing is thrown on
with a loose and careless air. 1789 Mav. D'Arsiay Diary
2t Aug., She does not become a déshabille. a 1847 Mrs.
Suerwoop Lady of Manor V. xxxi. 224 A_ neat ui or
dishabille, is much din England. 1868 Gloss. Sussex
Words in Hurst Horsham, I'm sorry, ma'am, you see me
in such a dirty disabil.
3. transf. and fig.
171a Pork Let. § . Wks. 1737 V. 188 ts just
warm from the brain, without any polishing or the
very dishabille of the Se ooTe Eng. in
Paris 1. Wks. 1799 1. 35 What has been the matter, Squire?
Your face seems a little in deshabille. a1817 T, Dwicut
Trav. (1821) 11. 142 Where nature .. is now naked de-
formed, she will suddenly exchange the dishabille ; and be
ornamented. .with her richest attire. 1825 Miss Mitrorp
in L’Estrange Ze 11. x. 212 [Pepys] sets down his thoughts
in a most becoming dishabille. Gat Laurie T. w.
viii, (t849) 171 The house was in dishabille,
+ B. as adj. (repr. F. déshabillé pa. pple.) In
undress, negtgentty dressed. Obs.
1691 /slington Wells 4 (Stanf.) Three Ladies Drest Dis-
habillee. 1694 N. H. Ladies Dict. 14/1 (Stanf.) He is
Deshadbille, that is in a careless
+ Dis ha‘bit, v. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 6+ Hanir
v.: cf. F. déshabiter ‘to disinhabitate, or depriue
of inhabitants’ (Cotgr.).] vans. To remove from
its habitation or place of abode ; to dislodge.
1598 Suaks. Yokn 1. i. 220 Those sleeping stones..from
their fixed beds of lime Had bin dishabited.
jha‘bitable, a. O¢s. rare. [f. D1s- 10
+HasitaB.e.] Uninhabitable,
1642 Lp. Farxiann Let, Earl Cumberland 5 Those false
reports..make London dishabitable. A
+ Dis,ha‘bited, 7//. a.' Ods. [f. F. déshabité
‘ disinhabited, without inhabitants’ (Cotgr.) + -ED.]
Uninhabited ; deserted of inhabitants (quot. sGee.
E Ww Hist. Trav. I i :
hot Done, rr be atogeniher dishabited for eat. 98a Finns
i +a e
SekctiGsd ‘Wike ‘igen Cosme Cirmmall eye, Tie a
habited towns afford them om 2
Dis,habitted, ///. a. [f. Dis- 10 + Ha-
BITED.] ? Improperly habited or dressed.
1648 S. Ke in 4th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm, 275/1, Thave
certaine information that Sir Thos. Lu is gon up in
an ould thredbare coate disshabited.
Dis,habi‘tante, ». [f. Dis- 6 + Haprruate
v., prob. after F. déshabituer in same sense.] trans.
To render unaccustomed, to disaccustom : the re-
verse of habituate. .
1868 Browninc Xing §& Bk. 1x. 1276 To dishabituate By
sip and sip, this drainer to the dregs O’ the draught of
con’ i 1881 Contemp, Rev. Nov. 700 That and
tric Excurs. (1
4
v. i, C
| DISHABLE,
not action has been alone permitted to the clergy as a body
has dishabituated them for the conduct of affairs. :
‘Dis,hable, obs. form of DIsaBLE v.
Dishadow, var. of Dissuapow v.
+ Dishaicr, v. Os. [f. Dis- 7a + Hair sd.]
trans. To deprive of hair, remove the hair from.
Celestina v1. 78 They pill, and dis-haire their eye-
_ browes with nippers, —
Di ow (disjhelo), v. f. Dis- 6 +
Hattow v.] trans. To undo the hallowing of ;
to destroy or violate the sacredness of ; to profane.
Hence Disha‘llowing v#/. sb., profanation.
rgsz Latimer Serm. in Lincoln i. 70 God hateth the dis-
hallowing of the Sabboth. 16.. T. Apams Ws. (1861-2)
II. 289 (D.) Nor can the unholiness of the priest dishallow
the altar. 1647 Trapp Com. Matt. xxvi. 63 To pollute
and dishallow..that ‘glorious and fearful name of God’.
1833 Lamp Lett. (1888) II. 288 If curses are not dis-hallowed
by descending so low! 1869 Tennyson Pelleas & E. 437
Ye, that so dishallow the holy sleep, Your sleep is death.
Disjhallucina‘tion. [Dis -9: cf. disil/u-
sion.] A freeing from hallucination ; disillusion.
1881 R. Bucuanan Child of Nature viii, He received ..a
good deal of rough treatment and sorry dishallucination.
Univ. Rev. Mar. 356 Returning .. under dishalluci-
nation, we perceive that he does not really know so much.
‘+ Dis;harbour, v. Ols. [f. Dis- 6 or 7 +
Harsour v.or sd.] trans. To drive out of its
‘harbour’ or place of shelter; to send adrift.
1566 Drant Wail. Hierim. K vj, All reste disharboured
from my soule. @161z Donne Bra@avaros (1644) 108 He
[Josephus] says, our Soule is. .committed in trust to us, and
we may not neglect or disharbour it.
Disharmonic (disjhaimg'nik), a. [D1s- 10.]
Not harmonic; without harmony; anharmonic.
1887 H. Wactacu in so Inst. ¥rnl. XVII. 160 The
head is disharmonic. The skull is sub-dolichocephalous,
very broad, the forehead low, and the prognathism never
much accentuated.
+ Dis;sharmovnical, 2. Ods. [f. Dis- + Har-
MONICAL, after disharmony.] =prec.
1688 Norris Theory Love 11. i. 88 Some .. strokes upon it
{a musical instrument] will..be harmonical, and other some
--disharmonical. /é/d. (1694) 74 ‘The same Strokes, that
were before disharmonical, may be now harmonical.
Disharmonious (disjhaimd«nias), @. [f.
Dis- 10 + Harmonious; after azsharmony.]
1. Not in harmony or agreement; marked by
want of harmony.
1659 H. More /amort. Soul (1662) 148 [It] may..prove
painful to the Soul, and dis-harmonious to her touch.
3661 Gianvitt Van, Dogm. iv. 39 The musician’s soul
would be the most disharmonious, 1683 Tryon Way to
Health, Thus there is caused an unequal disharmonious
Life. x s4 J. Hitpvrop Afisc. Wks. 1. 38 Disharmonious,
Banederty otions of the Fluids and Animal Spirits. 1876
Farrar Marilb. Serm. xxxv. 355 Let me warn you against
the fatal delusion that such a dual, such a divided, such
a disharmonious life as this, is enough for God.
2. Of sounds: Unharmonious, discordant.
1683 Tryon lay to Health 461 The dis-harmonious noise
of Drunken Healths and Roaring Huzza's. 1864 CaRLYLE
Fredk. Gt. (1865) IV. x1. iii. 56 Dispute which rose crescendo
in disharmonious duet. ae
Hence Dis;harmo‘niously adv., in a disharmo-
nious manner, discordantly.
Z ~~ H. More Myst. Jnig. To Rdr., Whose very title
sounds so harshly and disharmoniously. 1865 CarLyLr
Fredk. Gt, xy. xiit. (1873) VI. 97 This..victorious campaign
«-With which all Europe is disharmoniously ringing.
Disharmonize (dis,ha-1mdnoiz), v. [f. Dis-
+ Harmonize; after disharmony. Cf. mod.F.
désharmoniser, neologism in Littré, 1874.]
‘1. trans. To put out of harmony, destroy the
harmony of ; to make unharmonious or discordant.
r8or J. Carey in Monthly Mag. XI. 314 Instances in
which the harmony of ancient versification is thus dis-
harmonized by the application of modern accent. 1824
Lams Elia Ser. 1. Blakesmoor in H-shire, A trait of affec-
tation, or worse, vain-glory..disharmonizing the place and
the occasion. 1843 Pusey Holy Eucharist 10 Our nature
jarring still, disharmonized, obscured, deformed. 1858 SEARS
Athan. Ul. x. 335 Cleared of disharmonizing elements. ‘
2. intr. To be out of harmony; not to harmonize.
1863 B. Tavtor H. Thurston III. 22 A trifle of affectation
in her did not dishar ize with such a face; it
was natural to her. i a
Disharmony (dis)hasméni). [f. Dis- 9 +
Harmony; prob. formed after déscord. Cf. mod.F.
désharmonie, neologism in Littré, 1874, also cor-
Tesponding words in other mod, langs.]
1. Want of harmony or agreement, discordance.
ax60z W. Perkins Cases Consc. (1619) 6 The want or
absence of harmony, which we call disharmony. 1665
Gianvitt Scepsis Sci. xiii. 76 Reason and Faith are at
plage Unisons, the disharmony is in the Phancy. 1768
Ww Behmen’s Myst. Magnum hi. (1772) yo the Pro-
perties in their Disharmony, Inequality, and Discord. a
Cartyte Fredk. Gt. (1865) IV. x1. ii. 33 Disharmony o
mind and tongue. 1879 Farrar S¢. Paul II. 226 That
sense of guilt which is the feeling of disharmony with God.
b. with @ and g/, Something discordant.
1833 Lams Elia (1860) 364 If it ever obtrudes itself as a
‘mony, are we inclined to laugh? 1884 Ch. Times
25 Apr. 331/4 The manifold disharmonies of Church and
State in fingland, =
2. Want of harmony between sounds; discord,
dissonance.
@ 1655 Vines Lord's Supp. (1677) 10 A string over-stretched ©
455°
makes ajar and disharmony. 1675 R. Burtioccr Causa
Dei 398 No harmony or Dis-harmony in sounds. 1860
Trencu Serm. Westm. Abb. xxiv. 279 Harsh discords and
disharmonies .. make themselves hear
[f. dé- for Dis-
+ Disha‘tter, v. Ods. rare—'.
1+SHaTrEr.] ‘rans. To shatter completely.
1615 Danie Hymen's Tri. u. iv, I rather will Rend it in
Pieces, and dishatter all Into a Chaos.
+Dis;hau'nt, v. Ods. (Chiefly Sc.) Also 7-8
dishant. [ad. OF. deshanter (Cotgr.), f. Dis- 4
+ hanter to Haunt.) trans. To cease to haunt,
frequent, or resort to; to absent oneself from.
1584 Hupson Du Bartas’ Fudith w. 125 (D.) She dis-
haunted the resort Of such as were suspect of light report.
1637-50 Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 48 The nobilitie and barons
..now did dishaunt them. 1659 in W. McDowall //is¢.
Dumfries xxxii. (1873) 371 Capt. Ed. Maxwell delate for
dishaunting the ordinances. 1808-80 Jamirson, Dishaunt..
is still occasionally used. Aderd,
Hence + Dis, haunting v//. 5d.; + Dis,hau‘nter,
one who ‘dishaunts’. Ods.
a 165 Catperwoop Hist. Kirk (1842-6) ILI. 375 The dis-
haunting and intermissioun of the exercise. 1665 in Cramond
Ann. Banff 11. 46 Several dishaunters of ordinances ordained
to be summoned.
Dish-cloth. A cloth used in the kitchen or
scullery for washing dishes, etc.
1828 in WesstER. 1869 Lonsdale Gloss. 25/1 Dish-clout,
adish-cloth, 1887 R. BucHANAN Hetr of Linne i, A sort of
banner, composed of an-old towel or dish-cloth,
Dish-clout. ach. or dial. A ‘clout’ or cloth
used for washing dishes, etc.; =prec. J the
wringing of a dish-clout: speedily, immediately.
1530 ParsaGr. 214)1 Disshecloute, souzlon. 1577 FENTON
Gold, Epist. go As the saying is, washe their face with faire
water, and drie it ouer with a dishcloute. 1677 Horneck
Gt. Law Consid. iii. (1704) 68 He that makes a rich carpet,
doth not intend it for dish-clouts, 1782 Map. D’Arsiay
Diary 28 Dec., What a slut Mrs. Ord must think me, to
put a dish-clout in my pocket! 182x Scott Kexilw. ix,
Breakfast shall be on the board in the wringing of a dish-
clout. 1824 W. Irvine 7. 7rav. II. 36 And have known
Hamlet to stalk solemnly on to deliver his soliloquy, with
a dishclout pinned to his skirts. 1877 E. Peacock NV. WW.
Linc. Gloss. 86/1 ‘Go thee ways or I'll pin th’ dishclout
to thee tail’ is not unfrequently said to men and boys
who interfere in the kitchen.
b. taken as a type of limpness and weakness.
a8 Tryon Good House-w. i. (ed. 2) 7 You are now weak
as Water, and have no more Spirits than a Dish-clout. 1863
Mrs. Carcyce Let¢?, III. 170, I was on foot again—but weak
as a dishclout.
¢. used in contemptuous comparison or allusion.
@1529 SKELTON Poems agst. Garnesche 36, A bawdy dyshe-
clowte, That bryngyth the worlde abowte. 1592 SHaks.
Rom, & Ful. wu. v. 221 Romeos a dish-clout to him. 1636
MassincEr Bashf, Lover v. i, I am gazing on this gorgeous
house ; our cote’s a dishclout to it.
d. transf.
1615 Crooxe Body of Man 97 The Latines [call the caul]
Mappaventris, the dish-clout or map of.the Belly, because
it licketh vp the superfluities thereof. 1785 Grose Dict.
Vulg. Tongue s.v., Yo make a napkin of one’s dish-clout,
to marry one’s cook. 31822 Scotr Fam. Leit.25 June, It
was hard he should be made the dish-clout to wipe up the
stains of such a man.
e. attrib.
1589 Nasue Almond for Parrat 11b, More .. then his
dish-clout discipline will sette vp in seauen yeeres. 1755
H. Wavrpote Let. Geo. Montagu 20 Dec., That old rag of
a dish-clout ministry, Harry Furnese, is to be the other lord.
Hence Dish-clout v. /ravs., to wash with a dish-
clout.
186x Maynew Lond. Labour 111. 363 (Hoppe) They are
expected ..to dish-clout the whole of the panels [of a cab].
+ Disiheart, v. O¢s.. Also 7 dishart. [f.
Dis- 7a + Heart sd.] = DISHEARTEN.
1603 J. Davies A/icrocosmos (1876) 42 (D.) When, therefore,
divine justice sinne wil scurge, He doth dishart their harts
in whom it raignes. 1612 1’. Taytor Com. Titus i. 13 The
which would vtterly disheart them. a@1616 Beaum. & FL.
Bonduca i. i, Car. Have not I seen the Britains — Bond.
What? Caz. Dishearted.
Dishearten (dis,ha‘it’n), v. Also 7 disharten.
f, Dis- 6+ HEARTEN, or from prec. + -EN 5, after
earten.] trans. To deprive of ‘heart’ or courage;
to discourage, dispirit, make despondent.
1599 Suaxs. Vex. V, 1v.i. 117 No man should possesse him
with any appearance of feare; lest hee, by shewing it,
should dis-hearten his Army. 1606 Warner Ab. Eng. xiv.
xc. 365 Their former losse dishartned them so much. 1796
Morse Amer. Geog. I. 120 A great part .. disheartened by
the severity of the winter, returned to England. 1838
Tuirtwatt Greece IV. 115 Lysander exerted his utmost
efforts to thwart, discredit, and dishearten his successor.
+b. with complement: To discourage from
doing something (also with fo and zzf.). Ods.
1634 Sir T. Hersert 7rav. 121 The Turkes got the
eatest losse, and were disheartned to proceed further. 1642
‘uLLER Holy & Prof. St. 11. xvi. 109 They are disheartened
from doing their best. 1684 Bunyan Pilgr. 11. (1862) 235
She urged what she could to dishearten me to it. 1697
Dampier Voy, I. 27 Disheartned them from that design.
+e. with an action or the like as object: cf.
DiscouraGE 2. Obs. :
1658 Whole Duty Man Pref. 4 Where this is wanting, it
disheartens our care. 1668 CLARENDON ind. Tracts (1727)
64 An uncertainty which must dishearten any industry.
Dis,heartened, #//. a. [f. prec. + -ED1.]
tas i iy dispirited: see the verb.
1724 De For Mem. Cavalier (1840) 210 We-were a dis-
DISHERENT.,
heartened army. 1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. 1. 517 The
Whigs were a small and a disheartened minority.
Hence Dis,hea'rtenedness, dispirited condition,
a 1679 T. Goopwin Was. II. 1.170 (R.) A disheartenedness
and dejection of mind. 1863 Dicey Federal S¢. 11. 273,
I heard no cry of despair or disheartenedness.
Disjhea‘rtener. [f. DisHeaRTENn + -ER1.]
One who disheartens.
1645 City Alarum g A disheartner of Gods people.
Dis, hea‘rtening, 22/. sd. [f. as prec. + -ING 1.]
The action of vb, DISHEARTEN ; discouragement.
1619 W. Scraier Exp. 1. Thess. (1630) 309 Hierome
thought labour a dis-heartning to the Tempter. 1654 Wuit-
Lock Zootomia Pref. Avj, Or else he may lye open to such
disheartnings, as become not..these undertakings.
Dis,hea‘rtening, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -ING ?.]
That disheartens; discouraging, dispiriting.
1654 Nicholas Papers (Camden) II. 101 As serviceable to
the Rebells.. and as dishartning to honest men. 1748
Anson's Voy. 1. x. 107 Under these disheartning circum-
stances. 1860 Froupe Hist. Eng. V, 235 Friends brought
in disheartening news.
Hence Dis,hea‘rteningly adv.
1742 Battey, Dishearteningly, by way of Discouragement.
1882 Hai Caine Recoll. D. G. Rossetti 98 Dishearteningly
unpropitious weather,
Dis, hea‘rtenment. [f. DisnearrEn +-MENT.]
The act of disheartening, or fact of being disheart-
ened; discouragement.
1830 CartyLte Afisc. (1857) II. 143 No_disheartenment
availed with him. 1876 Farrar Mardé. Sermt. xxxix. 393
Among the disheartenments of labour and the strife of
tongues. 1886 Mrs. A. Hunt hat Other Person 111, 211
A sigh of complete fatigue and disheartenment.
Dished dift), f/.@. [f. Disnzv.1+-Ep.] a.
Put in a dish. b. Shaped like a dish; made
slightly concave. ¢. slang: see DISH v. 7.
1586 1. B. La Privaud Ir, Acad, 1. (1589) 195 Raddish
rosted in the ashes..was all the dished he had to his
supper. 1650 BuLWER Axthropomet. 241 They use Disht
wheat with milk. 1737 Bracken Farriery nip. (1757) 11.
37 The Soles..a little hollow or dish’d. 1812-6 J. Suiru
Panorama Sc. & Art 1. 372 Dished wheels have many ex-
cellencies.
+Dishe'dge, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [f. Dis- 7a
+ HEDGE sé.] trans. To deprive of its hedge.
c1586 C’rrss. Pemproke /’s. Ixxx.iv, Why hast thou now
thy self dishedg’d this vine?
+ Dis,heivr, v. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 7b + HErR.]
1. “rans. To deprive of or turn out of one’s in-
heritance; to disinherit.
(1492 Act.. Dom. Conc. 262 (Jam.) In distitutioun and dis-
hering of the said Gelis [perh. error for disherising]. 1607
Tourneur Rev. Trag. 1. iii, Sword ,. Thou shalt dis-heire
him ; it shall be thine honor.
2. To deprive of an heir.
1687 DrypEn. //ind & P. 111. 705 To hew th’ imperial Cedar
down, Defraud, Succession, and dis-heir the Crown.
[Dishele (Halliw.), error for d/shese, DISEASE.]
Dishelm (disjhe'lm), v1 [f. Dis- 7 a+ Heim
helmet, after OF. desheaulmer, -healmer, in same
sense.] 4ans. To deprive or disarm of one’s
helmet. zv¢,. for vefl. To take off one’s helmet.
€1477 Caxton Fason 25b, Incontinent as .. Jason hadde
: sSmyOM doun the geant to the erthe..he dishelmed. 1525
Lp. Berners Froiss. 11, clxviii. [clxiv.] 469 Sir Raynold
dishelmed the Englisshe knyght. 1615 CHArMAN Odyss.
xiv. 383 Jove made me yield, Dishelm my head. 1847
‘Tennyson Princess v1. 85 When she saw me lying stark,
Dishelm’d and mute.
Bishelm (disjhelm), v2 [f. Dis- 7a +
HeELM.] ¢rans. To deprive of the helm or rudder.
a1849 H. Coteripce Poems (1850) II. 155 Fear that dis-
helms The vessel of the soul. 1861 Lyrron & Fane 7ann-
héuser 75 To float, dishelm’d, a wreck upon the waves.
Dishelv’d: see DisHEVELLED.
Dishenerite, -yt, obs. f. disenherit, D1six-
HERIT.
Disher (dif).
cf. saddler.}
+1. A maker or seller of dishes. Oéds.
in Riley Mem. London (1868) 54 John le Disshere.
1 Lanct. P. Pl. A. v. 166 A Ropere, a Redyng-kyng,
and Rose pe disschere. [1377 B. v. 323 Rose be dissheres ;
v.r. dyssheres dou3ter. 1393 C. vil. 372 disshere]. @ 1500
Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 572 Cipharius, a cuppere, or a dyssh-
ere. 2 O. Hestor Norihumbld. Gloss. 238 Disher, a
turner of wooden bowls or dishes. Within the memory of
some still living (1886) there was a disher working at Mit-
ford. (Obs.) ;
2. One who dishes or serves up food. ? Obs.
1598 FLorio, Jbanditore, a gentleman sewer, a disher or
dresser vp of meates.
3. One who ‘dishes’: see DISH v. 7.
1892 Pall Mall G. 21 June 1/3 By the indignation which
the dirty trick will excite .. the disher will thus in the end
be dished.
+ Disjherbage, v. 00s. [f. Dis- 7a + Hers-
AGE sé.] trans. To deprive or strip of herbage.
1542 Upart Eras. Apoph. 216b, These wordes, Aeco-
Botaveiy éxoinge, that is, ‘hath brought this climate to clene
disherbageing’, smellen all of the inkehorne. Z
Dis,herent, a. xonce-wd. [f. Dis- 4 + radical
part of co-herent.] The opposite of coherent; in-
coherent ; incongruous.
,, 1890 J. H. Stirtinc Philos. & Theol. iii. 49 It is the To
avti£ovv ovudéporv, the coherent disherent, attributed to
Heraclitus by Aristotle,
[f. DisH 5d. and v. + -ER!:
DISHERESS,
+Di'sheress. Oés. rare. [f. Disner sb. +
-Ess.} A woman who makes or sells dishes.
1377 [see Disuer 1). [Margaret la Disheresse is cited in
Bardsley Ene Surnames from the Hundred Rolls.]
herid, -ied, obs. pa. pple. and pa. t. of
DIsHERIT v.
Disherison (disjhe'rizan), sb. Forms: a. 3-4
desertison, -tesoun, diserteisoun, 4-5 dishe-
riteson, -itison, -etison, -yteson, desheryteson.
B. 5- disherison. Lorig. disheriteson, a. OF,
des(h)ertteisun, -eison,n. of action from des(h)ertler
to Disuerir. (The full L. type was *déshérédita-
tién-em : the syllable ed was dropped in OF., the
t before s in English.)] The action of depriving of,
or cutting off from, an inheritance; disinheritance.
c1ago Beket 1336 in S. Eng. Leg. 1. 159 Pat it .. were ..
with on-ri3te and a-3ein lawe In desertison of mine churche
to costome i-drawe. ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 214 To
him and his heyres grete disheriteson. 1340 Ayenh. 48
Desertesoun of eyr and ualse mariages. 1 Rolls of
Parit. U1. 451/2 Forfaitures of heritages, and disheretisons.
1491 Act 7 Hen. VI, c. 18 The utter disheriteson of your
seid Suppliant. 1495 Act 11 Hen. V//, c. 35. $9 To the
hurte prejudice nor disherison of the seid George or of his
heires. 1523 Act 14-15 Hen. V///, c. 13 The saide hauen
is. likely to be lost for euer, to the kynges disherison, and
hurte of the common welth. 1607 Cowett /n/lerpr. s.v.
Contra formam collationis, The Abbot..hath made a feof-
ment. .to the disherison of the house or church. 1750 CarTr |
Hist. Eng. ll. = Pardoning them all as to life, limb, im- |
prisonment and disherison, 1844 Wittiams Real Prop. (1879)
67 To prevent improvident alienations .. of landed estates,
by.. dying persons, to the disherison of their lawful heirs.
+ Dis,he'rison, v. Oés. rare—1. [f. prec. sb.]
trans, To disinherit.
1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes 1v. 212 To defraud rav'nous this
expectant of his hopes, and to disherison his malignant issue.
+ Dis he-riss, v. Obs. (Chiefly Sc.) Forms:
4 dysherys, 6 disheris, -heireis, -heriss, 7 dis-
heriss, disherize. [14-16th c. Sc. désherdss, as
if f. extended stem of an OF. *d/shertr to disheir,
which may have been used in AF. The correspond-
ing E. form would be désherish; the form in -1ZE
is due to confusion of verbal suffix: cf. advertise,
amortize.] =next.
1375 Barsour Bruce u. ror 3e se How Inglis men, throw
thar powste, Dysherysys me off my land. 1500-20 Dunsar
’0ems \xvi. 38 The temporall stait to gryp and gather, The
sone disheris wald the father. 1536 BeLLENDEN Cron, Scot.
(1821) I. p. Ixiv, This was Edward .. disherist of the crown
of Ingland. 1609 Skene Keg. May. 41 Quhen ane man ..
does anie thing. .for the quhilk he is disherissed : his heret-
age vses to returne, as escheit to his over-lord. 1611 Speep
Hist, Gt. Brit. 1x. v. § 25 These. .thus disherized, ought of
right. .giue first assault on their vnrighteous oppressor,
+ Disherit (disjhe'rit), v. Ods.
deserit(e, -yte, -et, 4 desherit(e, dysheriete,
4-5 diserit(e, -yt, dyserit, 4-7 disherite, 5-6
dis-, dysherit, -yt(e, -et(t, -eit, 4-8 disherit.
[ME. a. OF. desheriter, deseriter, -ereter, -ireter,
cte., mod.F. déshértter = Pr. des(heretar, Sp. des-
heredar, Pg. desherdar, It. diseredare, med... dts-
heritire, deherttare (Du Cange) :—Rom. desheret-
are, for L. *de-, *disheréeditare, {. De- 6, Dis- 4 +
héréditare to inherit, f. hérzdi/as heirship, inherit-
ance. ‘The pa. pple. and sometimes the pa. t. had
also the shortened form désher7t, with the variants
Forms: 3-4 |
disherid, -ted, deserved, destrit: see examples at |
end of the article.]
1. “rans, To deprive or dispossess of an inherit-
ance ; to disinherit.
crago S. Eng. Leg. 1. 74/107 Alle opure weren deseritede.
et Cuaucer L. G. W. 1065 Dido, That euere swich a
noble man as he [Eneas] Schal ben diserityd in swich degre.
c1465 Eng. Chron. (Camden) 16 Thow hast thaym slayne
vnrightfulli, and disherited thair heiris. 1. STARKEY
England 1. ii. 6 Hyt were not mete that the father schold
dysheryte hys chyld. 1634 Six T. Herpert 7rav. Table 230
[He] rebels against his, Father, is disherited by his Fathers
will. 1700 Drypen Fadles, Pal. & Arc. m1. 968 The
dryads and the woodland train Disherited ran howling o'er
the plain.
b. Const. of (rarely from).
¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 5394 He scholde..,
Deserite Wyder of ylka del. ¢ pod Cuaucer Melib. ? 869
‘To desherite hem of al pat euere they han. 1523 Fitzners,
Surv. Prol., Disheryted of their possessyons. 1§70 T’, Nor-
ton tr, Nowel's eget ei 193 Like children disherited
from their father's is. 1652-62 Heyiin Cosmogr. u.
1682) 5 Disherited of thelr Fathers kingdom. 1795 Sournry
oan of Arci.172 The great and honourable men Have
seized the earth, and of the heritage Which God. .to all had
given, Disherited their brethren ! z r
2. fig. To deprive, dispossess ; to banish from its
rightful domain (quot. 1579 ').
€ 1400 ger maget tag ta xxxil.145 Ay to bis tyme we bene
in peess, of be whilk pou will now dispoile vs and disherit
vs. 1579 E. K. Ded. to Spenser's Sheph. Cal., This Poet..
hath labored to restore, as to their rightfull heritage, such
good and naturall English wordes, as love beene long time
out of use, and almost cleane disherited. 1579 Lyty Euphues
(Arb.) 192 Thou art an heyre to fayre lyuing, that is nothing,
if thou be disherited of learning. 1795 Coteripce Yuvenz
Poems (1864) 62 Made blind by lusts, disherited of soul.
Hence Dishe‘rited f//. a., Dishe'riting vé/. sd.
in Wyctif’s Sel. Wks. 111. 471 A pleynt of disherytyn
of his ri3t and possessions. ¢ St. Cuthbert (Surtees)
5522 Of hair diserytyng to sees[=cease]. 1613-8 Daniet
456
Colt. Hist. Eat. 154 The dis-herited returne answer
to the Legat. ULLER Ch. Hist. 111. vii. 5 2 The
’ misses tend..to the disheriting of the Crown of En;
“{ Examples of pa. pple. and pa. t. disherit,
etc.
€ 1314 Con Warw. (A.) 6164 Thurch felonie mi fader he
slough, Mi brother he desirit with wough. c1375 Lay
Folks Mass Bk. (MS. B.) 379 Pore, exilde, cota a
XI Pains of Hell 39 in O EL. Misc. ots a dd yn
treu ayrs vnry3tfully. 1460 Carcrave Chron. 289 Many
men were disherid of her is. 1523 Firzuers..Suv. Prol.,
Theyr heyres shuld nat be disheryt. a@1§33 Lv. Berners
Huon \x. 210 He hath dysheryt me
+ Dis;he'ritance. 0és. [a.OF. des(h)eritance,
f. desheriter: see prec. and -ANcE.] The act of
disinheriting ; disinheritance.
¢1450 Loneticn Grail xxix. 85 It was cawse of here dis-
heritaunce. 1531 Dial. on Laws Eng. u. i. (1638) 61 The
alienation is to his disheritance, and therefore it is a for-
feiture of his estate. 1660 R. Coxe Power & Subj. 195
Infinite losses and disheritances are like to ensue to the
founders of the said houses. .and their heirs.
+ Dis,;he-rite. 00s. In 4 deserite, -yte. [perh.
a. OF. des Ajerité disherited, pa. pple. used subst.]
A disinherited person.
1 R. Grouc. (1724) 452 Hii sette deserytes in be myddel
oaks pat pe kyng adde bynome her lond. did. 563 Pe
kniztes were deser.tes in pe fond aboute wide.
Disjheritment. vere. [f. Disnerit v, +
-MENT: in OF. desheritement.] The act of disin-
heriting ; = DISHERITANCE,
1881 Scribner's Mag. XXII. 757 [He] dared to hand to
the ‘I'sar .. his protest against the act of disheritment.
+Dis,heritor. Ods.rare. [f. Disuerir v. +
-or for AF. -our.] One who disinherits.
1607-72 CowELt /nterpr., Disheritor, one that disinherit-
eth, or puts another.out of his Inheritance, 3 E. 1 cap. 39.
Disherize, var. of DisHEriss, Ods.
Bishero (dis,hi-ro), v. iG Dis- 7 b.] trans.
To deprive of the character of a hero.
1838 CartyLe A/isc. (1872) VI. 30 A hypothesis. that Mr.
Lockhart at heart has a dislike to Scott, and has done his
best in an underhand, treacherous manner, to dishero him,
Dishese, obs. form of DISEASE,
+ Dishe-vel, az. Os. In 4-5 discheuel(e,
disshevele, dysshyuell, 5 dishiuill, (Sc.) dys-
chowyll. [Variant of DisHeveLy, a. OF. des-
chevelé, with final ¢ mute in Eng. Cf, Assicn
sb.]
1. Withcut coif or head-dress ; hence, with the hair
unconfined and flung about in disorder. Sometimes
app. in wider sense: Undressed, in dishabille.
¢ 1381 Cuaucer Parl. Foules 235 In kyrtelles al discheuel
[v. rr. dysshyuell, discheuele, dissheueld, dissheueled, dis-
chieflee] went pei per. cx —L.G. W. 1720 Lucretia,
This noble wif sat by hire beddys side Discheuele [v.”.
disshevely] for no maleyce she ne thoughte. ¢ 1470 Henry
Wallace x1. 1014 Eftyr mydnycht in handis thai haiff him
tane, Dyschowyll on sleipe.
2. Of hair: = DISHEVELLED 2.
1450 Crt. of Love 139 And all her haire it shone as gold
so fine acpi crispe down hanging at her backe A yard
in length,
Dishevel (dife'vél), v. [perh. a. 16th c. des-
cheveler (Cotgr.), mod. décheveler; but prob. chiefly
a back-formation from D1ISHEVELLED. ]
1. trans, To loosen and throw about in disorder
(hair and the like) ; to let (the hair) down,
1 Fiorio, Dischiomare, to disheuell, to touze ones
hatre. 1611 Cotcr., Descheveler, to discheuell ; to pull the
haire about the eares. 1618 Barnevelt’s Apol. Diij, Vhe
Peacock when he’s viewd disheuels his faire traine. 1648
os. Beaumont Psyche u. ix, They.,dishevel May Round
l'ellus’s springing face, 1800 Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Fam,
I. 201 He had been at court in the morning ; but though he
had changed his clothes, he had omitted to dishevel his hair.
1826 Blackw. Mag. XX. 397 She now dishevels.,the un-
singed beauty of her flowing tresses.
+2. intr. (for ref.) Of hair: To hang loose or
in disorder. Ods.
1638 Six T. Herpert 7rav. (ed. 2) 230 Their haire curling,
dishevells oft times about their shoulders. did. 355.
Hence Dishe'velling v/. sd.
1656 Br. Hatt Rem, Wks. (1660) 244 The .. wanton
fashion of the womans dissheveling her hair. Map.
D’Arstay Diary 17 July, Just as I was in the midst of my
hair dishevelling, I was summoned,
Dishevelled,-eled (dife'véld), //.a. Forms:
5-7 discheveled, 5 dishevilled, dyssheuelled,
6 disheuld, discheaueled, 7 -evell’d, disheveld,
-eviled, -euelled, 7- dishevelled. [f. OF. des-
chevelé mod.F. déchevelé (see DISHEVELY a.) + -ED.]
+1. =DisHEvEL a, Ods.
¢ 1450 Merlin 453 She was discheueled and hadde the feirest
heed that eny woman myght haue, /da7. 646 An olde woman
discheueled, and all to-rente hir heir. 1494. Househ, Ord.
123 Her [the ——e head must bee dishevilled with a riche
sircle on her head. xg9 Sipney Ast. & Stella ciii, She,
so disheuld blusht. 1653 H. CoGan Déod. Sic. 151 Growing
distracted with griefe .. she went up and downe .. all dis-
cheveled with her haire about her eares. ;
b. In vaguer sense: With disarranged or disor-
dered dress ; untidy.
1612 DrayTon ao xiii. 215 With thy disheveld nymphs
attyr’d in youthfull greene. | 1749 Fretpinc Tom Fones
1x. tii, The dishevelled fair hastily following. 1862 TroLLore
Orley F. \xxiii, Her whole appearance was haggard and
dishevelled,
DISHOLY.
2. Ofthe hair: Unconfined by head-gear, hanging
loose, flung about in disorder; unkempt.
1583 StanyHurst Aeneis 1. (Arb.) 28 Doune to the wynd
tracing trayld her discheaueled hearlocks. 1638 Penit. Conf.
iii. (1657) 22 Our hair dischiveld, not platted nor crisped.
1718 Psion Pleasure 567 With flowing sorrow, and dis-
hevell’d hair. 1823 Scotr 77éerm. ut. xxxviii, Still her
Oe ee eeroon Pig teas tel cae
snow. WEN Virg. 4ineid ul. ‘oul
a beard dishevelled he wait = yet
3. transf. Disordered, ruffled disorderly, untidy.
1647 Warp Simp. Cobler 32 When States dishevl'd
[/rinted dishelv'd] are, and Lawes untwist. 1712-14 Pore
ape Lock v. 130 The heav’ns bespangling with dishevell'd
light. 1858 Sat. Kev. V. 38) In vehement diction,
but dishevelled grammar. 1882 Brack Shandon Bells
xviii, The dishevelled mass of music that she never would
keep in order. 1883 H. Drummonp Nat. Law in Sfir. W.
(ed. 2) 294 Religion is no dishevelled mass of aspiration,
prayer, and faith. 1886 Stevenson Pr. Otto u. ii. 87 A cer-
tain lady of a dishevelled tation,
+b. In good sense: Unconstrained, free, easy.
a@ 1639 Wotton in Relig. (1685) 482 of the geni
olsen thas I have read..of the patie be and dis-
cheveled kind.
Hence Dishe’velledness.
1889 T. Girt Not for Night-time 165 Smiling to myself at
my dishevelledness,
Dishevelment (dife-vélmént). [f. Disnevet
v.+-MENT.] The action of dishevelling ; dishevelled
condition.
1837 Cartyie Fr, Rev. II. 1. xi. (1872) 50 Their Hebe
eyes brighter with enthusiasm, and long hair in beautiful
dishevelment. 1880 Miss Broucuton Sec, TA. I. m1. vii. 236
His tone..has made her hotly conscious of her dishevel-
ment.
+Dishe-vely,-elee,7//.a. Also 4-5 dischie-
flee, 5 discheuelee. [a. OF. deschevelé pa. pple., f.
des-, Dis- + OF. chevel, cheveu hair, =med.L. dis-,
décapillétus stripped of hair, shaven, Sp. descabel-
Jado ‘bald, hauing no haire left on his head’: cf.
It. (di)scapigliare ‘to desheuell, 10 disorder , . ones
head or haires’. In another form of this word,
the -¢ of OF. pa. pple., became mute in ME. ; see
DISHEVEL a.) = DISHEVEL a. I.
a 1430 Chaucer's Canterb. T. Prot. 683 (Ellesm. MS.) Dis-
cheaslos [other MISS. discheuele] saue his cappe he rood al
bare. 14.. Chaucer's L.G. W. 1315 Dido (Fairf. MS ) She
falleth him to foote and swowneth there Disshevely with
hire bryght gelte here. ¢ Merlin She was all dis-
cheuelee in her heer. ¢1470 Harvinc Chron. cixxvut. ii, In
ch bre preuy At di t descheuely also in all, As ser-
uyng was to estate virginall.
Dishfal (difful’. Also 4 dissuol, [f. Dis
sb.+-FuL.] As much as a dish will contain.
1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 1918 Thre dissch-fol of blod he let
me blede. 1340 Ayend. 120 Yef me yefb. .ane re manne
ane dissuol of pesen. 1577 B. Gooce Heresbach's Husb, ui.
(1586) 136 b, Geve to every one a little dishefull of rennet
crudes. 1641 Best Farm. Bhs. (Surtees) 105 They make
account that fower mowter dishfulls is a pecke. 1719 De For
Crusoe u. vii. (1840) IL. 170 A. .dishfull of water,
ishing (di‘fiy), vé/. sb. [f. Dish v.! + -1N@1,]
The action of the verb Disn.
1679 Drypven Troilus & Cr.1. ii, The dishing, the setting
on the table. 1691 Woop Ath, Oxon, 1. 160 (L.) In the
dishing out of whose Odcombian banquet, he hada con-
siderable hand. 1858 R. S. Surtees Ask Mamma xxxii,
Nor do their anxieties end with the dishing-up of the
dinner.
b. Oblique position of the spokes of a wheel,
making its outer face concave.
1797 A. Cummine in Commun. Bd, Agric. 11. 366 Dishing
forthe i ition of the spok ded
liq the spokes) added much to tle
strength and stiffness of wheels.
.. 1880 L. bgery « a
The spokes were sections of ivory tusks, set in wi e
Serernl cutee outward, to perfect the dishing.
Dishing, ///. a. [-1Nc *.] That ‘dishes’; spec.
forming a concave or dish-like surface ; see DisH a,
5, 6,7.
~ ? Worunce Syst. Agric. (x681) 232 They make them
Spokes] concave or dishing ..to secure the Wheel from
ae ina fall. 1707 Mortimer //wsb.(J.), For the form
of the wheels, some pie hy them more dishing. .that is, more
concave, by setting off the spokes and fellies more outwards.
1863 Yrul. R. Agric. Soc. XXIV. 1. 94 Curby or ——
se tigking 6 that oe sloucbine thion
{see Cur 54.27). 1895 “HL D. aes in Fortin, Rev. Se
364 U ep ‘4 Conservatives of the ‘dishing’ school (cf.
quot. 1869 in Disu v. 7).
+ Dishi-ver, v. Ols. [f. Dis- 5 + Suiver v.]
trans, and intr. To shiver to pieces, Hence
Dishi-vered 1. oe ge a .
Pu id IX. iij, Shields dishiuring crack.
1 Pe Picea sae His conder trembling flesh I will
dishiuer. 1624 Br. Mountacu 77eat. /nvoc. Sain‘s 6 The
dishivered splinters runne into my hands. 1650 W. ScLaTer
(son) Hp. Ded. to W. Sclater’s Rom, iV, As Dagon .. falls
. .dishivered into ct and ashes. aisflin) tf D
Dishlet (di‘{let), Dishling ( if in). [f. Disa
sb. +-LET, -LING.] A tiny dish (of food),
1811 Lama Edax on Appetite, A sliver of ham ..a slip ot
invisible brawn .. with a of such dishlings. 1884
Daily News 23 Sept. 2/1 Itisa very miniature feed
The dishlets are nine in number.
+ Disjho'ly, 2. Oés. rare. [f. Dis- 10 + Hoty.]
The reverse of holy ; unholy, iniquitous.
r Bett Motives Romish Faith (1605) 16 Cast into the
said Romish disholy at papi oe 1596 — Surv. Poper,
1. 1. x. 34 Our disholy fathers the late bishops of Rome,
;
DISHOME.
Dishome (disjhdum), v. [f. Dis- 7 c + Homi
sh.) trans. To deprive of, or eject from, a home.
Hence Disho'med £//. a. t
1880 Contemp. Rev. 179 We have sunk into..being the
only dishomed nation. 1882 F. W. H. Myers Renewal
Youth 229 Vhy soul dishomed shall..be forlorn. 1882
Daily Tel. 7 Nov. (Cassell) Poor families being incontinently
dishomed to give space for magnificent roadways, 1893
W. T. Steap in Rev. of Rev. 15 Sept. 318/1 ‘To create sub-
~ stitutes for the home for the benefit of the dishomed.
Dishonest (disg'nést), a. [ad. OF. deshoneste
(13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), mod.F. déshonnéte;=Pr.
deshonest, Sp. deshonesto, It. désonesto, 2 Romanic
formation for L. dehonestus, f. honestus honour-
able, Honest: see De- 6, Dis- 4.]
+1. Entailing dishonour or disgrace; dishonour-
able, discreditable, misbecoming, shameful, igno-
minious. Ods.
¢1386 Cuaucer Clerk's T. 820 Ye koude nat doon so dis-
honeste a thyng, That thilke wombe, in which youre children
bye Scholde.. Be seyn al bare. 1483 Caxton Cato A vij,
ie galowes and..dyshonest dethe. 1483 — G. de la Tour
D viij, ‘The pryde of men .. that counterfeted them self of
newe and dishonest rayment. 1586 T. B. La Primaud.
Fr. Acad. 1. 12 lf we account it a shamefull thing to be
ignorant of those things..the not knowing of our selves is
much more dishonest. 1702 Rowe Vamerl. ut. i 1115
Thou didst an Act dishonest tothy Race. 1710 Pore Windsor
For. 326 Inglorious triumphs and dishonest scars. 1760
Home Stege Aquile‘a u, Some fierce barbarian now insults
e dead ; Adding dishonest wounds.
+2. Unchaste, lewd, filthy. Ods.
©1440 Facob’s Well 159 Pe leccherous louyth to be in dys-
honest cumpanye. 1494 Fasyan Chroz. vi. cci. 209 This
duke, with Gunnore. .lyued longe whylea dishonest lyfe, and
contrary to the lawys of the Churche. 1599 SHaks. //en.V,
1. ii. 50 Holding in disdaine the German Women, For some
dishonest manners of their life. 1630 WapswortH P7lgr.
vii. 73 Accused him for being dishonest with his owne Neece.
1734 Watts Relig. Fuv. Pref. (1789) 7 Their own dishonest
and impure ideas.
+3. Unseemly to the sight ; ugly, hideous. Ods.
(Connected with sense 1 by quot. 1585.)
[x5s85 T. Wasuincton tr. Nicholay’s Voy. 1. xx. 108 To
cover the dishonest partes of the body.] 1650 Butwer Ax-
thropomet. vii. (1653) 129 The Face .. appeares very filthy
and dishonest. 1697 Dryven ned v1. (R.) Dishonest [tr.
inhonesto] with lop’d arms, the youth appears. 1725 Pore
Odyss. x. 462 Enormous beasts dishonest to the eye.
4. Of actions, etc.: Discreditable as being at
variance with straightforward or honourable deal-
ing, underhand; now, fraudulent, thievish, knavich.
{r5s2 Hutoet, Dishonest matter, or any thynge cloked with
fayre wordes, subturpis.] 1611 Biste £zek. xxii. 27 To get
dishonest gaine. 1647 CowLry Mistress, Counsel vi, The
act I must confess was wise, As a dishonest act could be.
2736 Butter Axad. 1. iv. Wks. 1374 I. 80 Dishonest artifices
«. are got into business of all kinds. 1840 Macautay £ss.,
Ranke (1851) 11. 127 A most dishonest and inaccurate French
version.
5. Of persons : Wanting in honesty, probity, or
integrity; disposed to cheat or defraud ; thievish.
1751-73 Jortin Eccl. Hist. 1. (1846) 123 Imposed upon
themselves by dishonest brethren. 1793 Hotcrort tr.
Lavater's Physiogn, xxxvi. 185 No man is so good as not ..
to be liable to become dishonest. 1859 KincsLEY Good
News of God xxi. (1878) 171 You may be false and dis-
honest, saith the Lord, but rf am honest and true.
+ Disho'nest, v. Ovs. [ad. OF. deshonester
(14th c. in Godef.) =Sp. deshonestar, It. disonestare
:—-a Romanic formation on dishonest-us (see prec.),
for L. dehonestare.]
1. trans. To bring dishonour, disgrace, or dis-
credit upon ; to dishonour; to stain with ignominy.
1382 Wyciir Prov. xxv. 8 Whan thou has dishonestid
[Vulg. dehonestaveris] thi frend. 1509 Fisner Mun. Sern.
C’tess Richmond Wks. (1876) 291 To eschewe euery thynge
that myght dyshonest ony noble woman. 1526 ‘TinpaLe
1 Cor. xi. 5 Every woman that prayeth or prophesieth bare
hedded, dishonesteth her vend 1606 Wily Beguiled in
Hazl. Dodsley 1X. 258, I hope you will not seek to dishonest
me. @1670 Hacket Ad. Williams. (1692) 44 He did not
dishonest himself for it with any indignity.
2. To impute disgrace or dishonour to (a person) ;
to defame, calumniate.
c1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden) I. 251 Hee slaun-
deruslie dishonested them. 1583 Gotp1nG Calvin on Deut.
xxxix, 230 Ifa man call one a theefe .. hee will not abide
to bee so dishonested before the worlde. 1615 T. ADAMS
Blacke Devill20 He may tho’ not disquiet yet dishonest the
soule of man.
3. To violate the honour or chastity of; to defile.
1563-87 Foxe A. § AZ. (1684) I. 762/2 If we do see a King
to..rob and spoil his Subjects, deflour Virgins, dishonest
Matrons. 1565-73 Cooper Thesaurus, Collu‘ulo .. to dis-
honest or defile. ax Brome New Acad. 1. Wks. 1873
II, 18 I'll defie the devil to dishonest her.
4. Yo render unseemly or ugly; to deform.
1581 J. Bett Haddon’s Answ. Osor. ob, Your selfe do
disfigure your owne whelpe, you dishoneste your owne—
creature. 1637 R. Humpurey tr. St. Ambrose 11. 33 Hee..
doth dishonest the grace of his vpper shape.
Hence Disho‘nesting wd/. sb.
1530 Patscr. 214/1 Dishonestyng, auslement. 1565~
Coorer Thesaurus, Generis dehonestamentum, the ‘ie
honesting of his stocke.
Disho'nestly, edv. [f. Disnonzst a. + -Ly2.]
+1. With dishonour, disgrace, or ignominy;
dishonourably, shamefully. Ods. :
¢ 1430 Lypc. Floure of Curtesye (R.), Dishonestly to speake
of a a deadly hateth. 15.. Doctr. Gd. Servauntes
OL. .
457
in Poet. Tracts (Percy Soc.) to Whan that thou arte thus
departed Without his loue dyshonestely. 1549 Compd. Scot.
xi. 93 He gart hang, cruelly and dishonestly .. sexten scoir
of the maist nobillis. 1643 Prynne Sov. Power Parl. App.
58 Who had been shaven a Monke, or dishonestly bald.
+2. Unchastely, not in honourable matrimony.
1560 Biste (Genev.) Zcclus. xxii. 4 Shee that liueth dis-
honestly is her fathers heauinesse. 1665 Sir T, Hersert
Trav. (1677) 71 He dishonestly courts..his Fathers Wife.
1685 Evetyn Mem. (1857) 11. 238 Monmouth... having lived
dishonestly with the Lady Henrietta Wentworth for two
years.
3. Ina dishonest manner, fraudulently ; so as to
cheat or deceive.
1590 Suaks. Com. Err. v.i. 3 He had the Chaine of me,
Though most dishonestly he doth denie it. 1835 Macaulay
Hist. Eng. 111. 586 Clarendon, who had refused the oaths,
and Ailesbury, who had dishonestly taken them.
Disho-nestness. vare—°. [f. as prec. +
-NESS.] = next. 1727 in Battey vol. II.
Dishonesty (dispnésti). Also 4-5 des-, dis-
honestee. a. OF. desho(n nesté (13th c. in
Littré, in mod.F. déshonnéteté) = Pr. dezonestat,
It. disonesta, a Romanic formation on déshonest-us
DIsHonest, after L. honestit-em honourableness,
Hongsty.] The quality of being dishonest.
+1. Dishonour, disgrace, discredit, shame ; (with
pl.) a dishonourable or disgraceful action. Ods.
©1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. ® 759 Shame, that eschueth alle
deshonestee. c1400 Destr. 7 rey 528 Ne deme no dishonesty
in your derfe hert. 1535 CoverDALE £cc/us. iii. 13 Where
the father is without honoure, it is the dishonesty of the
sonne. axs4z Wyatr Compl. Loue (R.), From thousand
dishonesties have I him drawen. 1582 N. ‘I. (Rhem.) 2 Cor.
iv. 2 We renounce the secrete [1611 hidden] things of dis-
honestie [Wyci. Geneva, XR. V. shame, TinpDALe, etc. un-
honestie.] 1596 Datrymrtetr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. vi. 86 To
venture he may haue honour; to ly hidd as he la, dishonestie.
+2. Unchastity, lewdness. Ods.
1535 CoverDALe Ecclus. xxii. 4 Shee that commeth to dis-
honesty, bringeth hir father in heuynes. 1553 S. Casor
Ordinances in Hakluyt ly. (1589) 261 No woman to be
tempted. .to incontinencie or dishonestie. 1630 WapsworTH
Pilger. vii. 73, Accused .. of dishonesty with another mans
wife. 1639 S. Du Vercer tr. Camus’ Admir. Events 110
A right temple of Cyprus where the sacrifices were only
dishonesties.
+3. Shameful or foul appearance, ugliness, de-
formity. Ods.
¢1400 Maunpev. (Roxb) xviii. 82 Pare may a man see
mykill dishonestee [F. meinte (vide figure). 1485 Caxton
Chas. Gt. 91 Ye may not see them by cause of the fylthe
and dyshoneste of the place. 1535 CoveRDALE A xvi. 8
Then spred I my clothes ouer the, to couer thy dishonestie
{1611 nakednesse].
4. The reverse of honesty; lack of probity or in-
tegrity ; disposition to deceive, defraud, or steal ;
thievishness ; theft, fraud. Also, a dishonest or
fraudulent act.
1599 Suaks. M/uch Ado u. ii.g So couertly, that no dis-
honesty shall appeare in me. 1616 SurFi. & Marku. Country
Farme 320 Others are of opinion, that stolne Bees thriue
best, but..I neuer knew profit in dishonestie. _ 1751-73
Jortin Eccl. Hist. (R.), A forger .. will avoid .. minute de-
tail, in which he must perpetually expose his ignorance and
dishonesty. 1804 SoutHEy Le?#t¢. (1856) I. 280, I have caught
out Barros in so many dishonesties. 1878 Jevons Prim.
Pol. Econ, 59 Nothing is more difficult than for a person
convicted of dishonesty to find desirable employment.
Dishonorary (disgnorari), a. rare. [f. Dis-
1o.] Bringing dishonour, tending to disgrace.
1828 WensTER cites Homes.
+ Dishonorate, 2. Ols. rare—. [f. Dis-
HONOUR $0, +-ATE 2.] = DISHONOURED.
1601 Death Robert of Huntington w. ii. in Hazl. Dodsley
Vill. 297 Such honour ever proves dishonourate.
Dishonour, -honor (disg‘nes), sd. Forms: 4
des(h)onour, des-, dishonur, -oure, (4-5 dys-
honer, dyssehonour, 5 disonowre, 5-6 dys-
honowre, -oure, 6 -our), 4- dishonour, 6- dis-
honor. [a. OF. deshonor, -ur, des(h)enor (11-12th
c. in Littré), mod.F. déshonneur = Pr., Sp. deshonor,
It. disonore; a Romanic formation f. L. d7zs-, D1s-
4b + honérem Honour. In this word, and its
derivatives, the spelling dishonor is usual in U.S.
1. The reverse of honour; the withholding of the
tokens of esteem, respect, or reverence due to any
one; the condition in which these are withheld or
the contrary shown; a state of shame or disgrace ;
ignominy, indignity. 70 do (a) dishonour to: to
treat with indignity, to dishonour, violate the honour
of ; £0 the dishonour of, so as to bring into dishonour.
@ 1300 Cursor M. 4412 (Gétt.) Joseph souht on me in boure
Forto do me dis-honoure, did. 23644 (Gitt.) Pe wicked ..
of all sal pai haue dishonur, ¢1380 Sir Ferumb. 563 Pys
day he falle> in deshonour. ax Lp. Berners Huon
Ixvii. 231 Suffre none yll to be done to that good lady. .nor
no dyshonour. 1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. VI, 167 Many
slaunderous woordes to the quenes dishonor. 1553 Short
Catech.26 b, He came downe from hiest honour to deepest dis-
honoure, even the dishonour..of the crosse. x60r SHAKs,
All's Well i. vi. 59 Some dishonor wee had in the losse of
that drum. 1611 Biste /s, Ixix. 19 My shame and my dis-
honor. 1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto's Trav. xii. 38 He would
rather dye .. then live in dishonor. 1718 Lapy M. W.
Montacu Let. to C’tess of Bristol 10 Apr., They have in-
vented lies to the dishonour of their enemies. 1769 Funius
Lett. xii. 53 They cannot retreat without dishonour. x82r
Byron Mar, Fal. 1. ii. 64 Wouldst thou... Harp on the deep
* Rich. I, w.i.2t Shall I so much dishonor my faire Star
DISHONOURABLE.
dishonour of our house? 1870 Bryant //iad I. v1. 192 Never
bring Dishonor on the stock from which I sprang.
b. with @ and f/.: An instance of this, an in-
fliction of disgrace ; a piece of ignominious 'treat-
ment, an indignity, an insult.
1320 Senyn Sag. (W.) 482 Who had the done this des-
onour? x4q2a tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. (E. E. T.S.)
154 Thre dyshonoures in the same day he moste suffyre.
1673 Lady's Call. Pref. 2 Women, who could hardly have
descended to such dishonours.
2. A cause or source of shame, a disgrace.
1553 Even 77eat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 34 They toke it fora
dishonour, to .. forsake theyr Captayne. 1561 ‘I’. Norton
Calvin's Inst. 1. 22.b, Images .. displease [God] as certaine
dishonors of his maiestie. 1755 YounG Centauri. Wks. (1757)
115 Who think it no dishonour to their understandings to
credit their Creator. 1842 ‘'eNNysoN Two Voices 255 His
little daughter, whose sweet face He kissed .. Becomes dis-
honour to her race.
3. Commerce. Refusal or failure to ‘ honour’ or
pay (a bill of exchange, etc.).
1834 J. Cuitty Law Contracts (ed. 2) 597 The creditor ..
upon dishonour of the instrument brings an action. 1866
Crump Banking v. 112 Notice of dishonour should be given
to each indorser. 1885 Law T7mes 6 June 94/1 The payee
of a cheque cannot bring an action for its dishonour against
the banker on whom it is drawn.
Dishonour, -or (disp‘no1),v. Forms as in sé.
[a. OF. deshonnore-r, desonurer (12th c. in Littré ;
mod. F, déshonorer) = Pr. desonorar, Sp. deshonras’,
It. désonorare :—late L. dishonorare (in Du Cange),
f. dis-, Dis- 4+ hondorare to Honour.] The oppo-
site or reverse of to Honour.
1. trans. To deprive of honour ; to treat with dis-
honour or indignity ; to violate the honour, respect,
or recognition of position due to any one.
1388 Wyciir Lcclus. x. 23 This seed schal be disonourid,
that passith the comaundementis of the Lord. 1411 Aod/s
of Parlt, U1. 650/1 Hym to harme and dishonure. c 1450
Crt. of Love 1252 Love shal be contrarye To his availe, and
him eke dishonoure. 1526-34 TINDALE Yo/t viii. 49, Lhonour
my father, and ye have dishonoured me. 1651 Hoppers
Leviath, 1. x. 42 To Value a man.. at a low rate, is to
Dishonour him. 1871 R. Extis Catuddus Ixiv. 404 [She]
fear'd not unholy the blessed dead to dishonour.
2. To violate the honour or chastity of; to
defile.
1393 Gower Conf. II, 322 Which sigh her suster pale and
fade And specheles and deshonoured. a 1533 Lp. Berners
Huon clix. 614 ‘Vo the entente to haue dyshonored her & to
haue had her to his wyfe. 1841 Evruinstone //ist. [nd 1.
510 She exclaimed that she w ow unworthy of his notice,
having been dishonoured by Casim.
3. To bring dishonour or disgrace upon, by one’s
conduct, ete. ; to disgrace.
1868 Titney Disc. Mariage Biv b, He was faine to please,
and content her, least she should dishonour him. 1593 Suaks.
Sy
On equall termes to giue him chasticement? 1725 De lor
Voy. round World (1840) 76 Friendly usage..which we had
not in the least dishonoured. 1727 — Syst. Magic 1. i. (1840)
14 To find he had dishonoured, by his example, the doctrine
of sobriety. 1848 W. H. Kerrytr. Z. Blanc's Hist. Ten Vy
II. 217 America .. dishonours herself by tolerating slavery.
1854 Ruskin Lect. Archit. iii. 170 The water is not dis-
honoured by that thirst of the diseased, nor is nature dis-
honoured by the love of the unworthy.
+4. To strip of what is an honour. Ods.
1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes 1. ii. 180 As if you should ..
dishonour a cock of his spurrs. a@1700 DrypeNn tr. Ovid's
Met. xv. (T.), His scalp .. dishonour'd quite of hair.
5. Commerce. To refuse or fail to accept or pay
(a bill of exchange, etc.); to make default in
meeting (a promissory note).
w8rr P. Ketty Univ. Cambist 11, 285 Dishonour, a term
used when the acceptance or payment of bills of exchange,
etc., is refused. 1837 _Lockuart Scott Ixvii. (1839) VIII.
226 He found ,. that Hurst & Co. had dishonoured a bill
of Constable’s. 1887 Stevenson Underwoods I. xxiv. 51
Nor leave Thy debts dishonoured. 1894 Barinc-GouLp
Kitty Alone \1, 97 ‘Vhe man to whom he had given the bill
that was dishonoured,
Hence Disho-nouring v2/. sb. and fi. a. -
1525 Lp. Berners Foiss. 1, xcii. [Ixxxvili.] 278 To come
-. on payne of dishonourynge. 1564 Brief Exam. Aiv,
Horrible .. sacriledges and dishonorynges of God. 1843
Lytton Last Bar. 1. vi, I had deemed it dishonouring in
a noble nature to countenance insult to a noble enemy
in his absence. 1875 Poste Gazus 1. Comm. (ed, 2) 68 Any
dishonouring outrage.
Dishonourable, -honorable (disg:n6rab'l),
a. [app. orig. f. DisHonour v. + -ABLE; but in
some uses regarded as f. Dis- 10 + HONOURABLE.
Cf. F. déshonorable (14th c. in Godef.).]
1. Entailing dishonour; involving disgrace and
shame ; ignominious, base.
1533-4 Act 25 Hen. VIII, c. 22 §1 The continuance ..
whereof .. were... dishonorable to the hole realme. 1601
Suaks. $¥ul. C. & ii. 138 And peepe about To finde our
selues dishonourable Graves. 1651 Hospes Leviath. 1. x.
44 Craft, Shifting, neglect of Equity, is Dishonourable.
1749 FIELDING Tom Fones xiv. v, The words dishonourable
birth are nonsense .. unless the word dishonourable be ap-
plied to the parents. 1846 GreENER Sc.Gunnery 345 More
disgraceful, more dishonourable conduct, has never charac-
terizeg the British service.
+b, Without moral implication : Mean, paltry.
Obs. rare.
x609 Bent ey Phad. Pref. 66 If the Room be too mean, and
too little for the Books}. .ifthe Access to it be dishonourable ;
is the Library-keeper to answer for’t?
58
DISHONOURABLENESS.
2. Of persons: +a. To be regarded with dis-
honour, disesteemed (ods. sare). b. Devoid or
negligent of honour; meriting shame and reproach;
— base, despicable.
1611 Biste Ecclus. x. 31 He that is honoured in pouertie,
how much more in riches, and he that is dishonourable in
riches, how much more in pouertie? 1749 [see sense 1).
1864 Tennyson Aylmer’s F. 292 Ungenerous, dishonour-
able, base .. trusted as he was. od. A dishonourable op-
ponent at cards.
Hence Disho‘nourableness, dishonourable
quality, dishonour; Dishonourably adv., in a
dishonourable manner, with dishonour ; discredit-
ably, basely.
1590 C. S. Right Relig. 29 Who (most dishonourably to
Christ) acknowledge the Pope the head therof. 165: Hoses
Leviath. tt. xxi. 112 They are not esteemed to do it unjustly,
but dishonourably. 1727 Baivey vol. Il, Dish bleness,
458
Dwelling till half dishumaniz'd. 1878 B. Taytor Deukalion
i, Visions born of brains Dishumanized.
u, ii, Visions
Dishume (dis;hizm), v. rare. [f° Dis- 7 ¢
+L. Aumus earth: after inhume.] trans. To un-
earth, disinhume, exhume.
1854 Syp. Dopett Balder xxv. 181 Of what colossal frame
Do I..Dishume the giant limb from my rent heart? | .
+ Dis;hu-mour, s}. O/s. [Dis-9.] Ill-humour.
DISIMPAWN.
II. [D1s- 9.] 2. The action of freeing or be
comi a illusion ; the condition of being
freed from illusion ; disenchantment. :
3851 Mrs. Nev — —_ fk ig dh The
‘ween ..
and fact. Loner. Ep tage of h 5
v
Dis-illusion ! espnsib Come at last to
this conclusion? 1865 Lond. Rev. 30 Dec. 712/1 Amidst
the di i and the disillusions which followed
sc bet Steere Sp ct. No. 424? 6 Any thing that’ b
ion or . Lbid. No. 479 Px Subject to
dish , age, sick impatience. 1795 Femima 1. 67
Oppression — disgust ; injustice, resentment ; ill will,
humour ; pride, ¢ Pp
+ Dis;jhu-mour, v. Ols. [Dis- 7 4.] trans.
To put out of humour, vex, ‘aggravate’.
1599 B. Jonson Ev. Man out of Hum. v. iii, Here were
a couple ee 'd. 1680 Religion of Dutch
Y
dishonourable quality. 1769 Yunius Lett. iv, Your own
Manilla ransom most dishonourably given up. 1776 ADAM
Smita W, N. 1. x. (1869) I. 105 The honourableness or dis-
honourableness of the employment. a1797 H. WaLpoLe
Mem.Geo.11\1847) 11. x.343 The injustice and dishonourable-
ness of retracting what he had authorized Keppel to say.
Dishonoured, -ored (disy-noid), 7p/. a. [f.
DisHoNouR v. +-ED.] a. Treated with dishonour.
b. Violated, defiled. @. Stained with dishonour,
disgraced. +d. Dishonourable, dishonouring (0ds.).
e. Of a bill of exchange: see DISHONOUR v. 5.
1603 SHaks. Meas. for M..v. iv. 34 Receiuing a dishonor'd
life. 1605 — Lear 1. i. 231 No vnchaste action, or dis-
honoured step. c16xr CHapman J//iad iv. Argt. 82 He..
Gives Menelaus a dishonour'd wound. 1784 Cowrer 7ask
vi. 821 God .. would else In his dishonoured works himself
endure Dishonour. 1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev. 1. 1. i. (title)
Dishonoured Bills. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. 1. xv. 182
Carrying the dishonored vehicle with us. 1881 S. Corvin
Landor iii. 62 His dishonoured daughter.
Dishonourer, -orer (disy'norer). [f. Dis-
HONOUR v.+-ER'.] One who dishonours.
1671 Mitton Samtson 861 An irreligious Dishonourer of
Dagon. 1 A. Hitvitcu Rosa de Montmorien M1. 152
The injured Morton recognized his base dishonourer. ¢ 1870
J. G. Murpny Comm, Lev. xx. 1-9 Introd., Dishonorers of
parents.
b. One who violates female honour; a defiler.
1755 Jounson, Dishonourer..a violator of chastity. 1881
S. Cotvin Landoriii. 62 In order to chastise her [his daugh-
ter's] dishonourer.
+ Disho‘nourless, -orless, @. Os. rare—'.
[-Less.] Free from dishonour.
1595 CHAPMAN Ovid's Bang. Sence (1639) 32 Unwronged
and all dishonorlesse. ;
Dishorn (disjhfin), v. [Dis- 7a.) ¢rans.
To deprive of horns, cut off the horns of.
1598 Suaxs. Merry W, ww. iv. 63 We'll .. dis-horne the
spirit, And mocke him home to Windsor. 1603 Frorio
Montaigne (1632) 436 A chiefe Gossip of his had a Goate
dishorned. 1884 Law 7imes 21 June 139/1 The question was
with respect to dishorning cattle, or cutting off their horns
quite close to the skull. 1890 Daly News 17 Feb. 5/6A
convert to dishorning. . Now he dishorns his Guernsey cows.
Dishorse (disjhgis), v. [Dis- 7 c.] trans.
To unhorse, dismount.
1859 Tennyson /fy//s, Enid 563 Then each, dishors'd and
drawing, lash'd at each. 1885 — Balin & Bal. Wks. (1894)
375/t He. .dishorsed himself and rose again. :
Dishort (dif7it), sd. Sc. Also 6 dischort, 9
disshort. [Origin unknown.]
1. Injury, mischief; anything prejudicial.
1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 555 And how hir father did
him sic dischort. 1585 Jas. I ss. Poesie (Arb.) 47 But
cause they did her such dishort. 1811 W. Aiton Agric.
Ayrshire Gloss. 691 Dishort, a mischief.
. ‘A disappointment (Aderd.)’; also ‘Deficiency,
as a disshort in the weight’ (Jamieson).
+ Dishort (disjhj-ut), v. Obs. rare. [f. L. dis-,
Dis- 4+ hort-dri to Exnort; cf. L. déhortari to
Deuort.] ¢rvans. To use exhortation to dissuade.
1549 CHALONER Erasm, on Folly M ijb, They dishort us
from sinne. 186r T. Norton Calvin's /nst. 1. 320 Paul
himselfe in another place dishorteth vs from carefulnesse.
Dishouse (disjhau'z), v. Also 7 dishowse.
[f. Dis- 6 or 7 + House v. or sd.] Hence
Dishou'sed f//. a.
1. ¢vans. To oust or expel from a house.
¢ 1886 C’ress Pemproke Ps. tvut. iii, Make them melt as
the dishowsed snaile. 1648 J. Goopwin Right and Might 12
The Members of Parliament dishous'd by the Army. 1865
Masson Rec. Brit. Philos. ii. 60 The dishoused population
of spirits. 1892 Pall Mall G. 21 Jan. 3/2 Providing cheap
se ac dation for the dish d workers.
2. To clear (ground) of houses.
1640 Somner Antig. Canterd. 191, 1 suppose those houses
taken downe. .the same ground being so dishoused and laid
open. 1891 Chicago Advance 5 Mar., To ‘ dishouse "all the
disease-breeding section ., and reconstruct its streets.
+Dishri-velled, f//. a. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 5
+ SurIveL v.) Shrivelled up.
1 Muse in Miniature 49 Thro’ languid nature's cold
dishrivell’d-veins.
+ Dis;hu‘man, v. 04s. rave. [Dis- 8.]=next.
1657 Reeve God's Plea 245 Oh look with shame ., upon
this wofull evirating or dis-humaning your selves. _
ihu e,v. [Dis-6.] trans. Tode-
prive of human character or attributes; =DeE-
HUMANIZE.
1861 Lytron & Fane Tannhduser 105 In a desert isle
ii. 15 EF 4 have, their disputes, distracted and dis-
humour’d all the Province of Holland.
Di‘sh-wash. [see WasH sd.] The greasy water
in which dishes have been washed. b. As a term
of contempt.
1592 Nasue P. Penilesse (Shaks. Soc.) 65 He .. hath his
penance assignde him, to carouse himselfe drunke with
dish-wash and vineger. 1598 Foro, Stifa .. dish-wash
iuen to swyne and hogs. 1737 Bracken Farriery Jmpr.
fost) II. 164 What I mean by warm water is not the warm
Dish wash so much in use amongst the Vulgar.
ae Nasne Lenten Stuffe in Harl. Misc. (1808-12)
VI. 180 (D.) Their fathers .. were scullions, dish-wash, and
durty draffe. c1640 J. Smytn Lives Berkeleys (1883) 11.
372 Ore obrious words, of Coward, Cotquene, Milksopp,
dishwash, and the like.
Di'sh-washer,
1. One who washes plates and dishes ; a scullion
or scullery-maid.
@1§29 SKELTON Poems agst. Garnesche 26 Ye war a kechyn
page A dyshe washer. 1 Harrison England ut xi.
(1878) 11. 73 Everie dishwasher refused to looke in other
than silver glasses for the attiring ofhis head. 1872 Tenny-
son Lynette 750 Dish-washer and broach-turner, loon !—
to me Thou smellest all of kitchen as before.
2. An apparatus for washing dishes.
3. A popular name of the pied or water wag-
tail ( Motactl/a alba); also of the Grinder or Restless
Flycatcher of Australia (Se¢sura inguteta).
1575 Turserv. Fanlconrie 137 The Wagtayles or dish-
washer as we terme them. 1730-6 Battey (folio), Dish
washer, a water-wag-tail, a bird. 1832 SLaNey Outl. smaller
Brit. Birds 65 (Pied Wagtail) Often called by the common
people the dish-washer, or washerwoman. 1884 J. Cot-
BorNE //icks Pasha 265, 1 was surprised to meet my little
friend the water wagtail, the dish-washer, where there was
not a drop of water to wag his tail at.
Dish-washings, s/. //._ [see Wasnine vé/.
sb.) @ =DisH-wasH. b. Turner’s name for a
species of the plant horsetail (Zguisetum hye-
male), also called polishing rushes.
1538 Turner Zibel/us, Dysshwasshynges ; fortassis hujus
herbz ad fricandos discos et patinas aliquis fit usus. 1771
Smotiett Humph. Cl. 111. 30 Sept., Bread soaked in dish-
washings.
Di‘sh-water. The greasy water in which dishes
have been washed. Also aé¢rid.
1484 Caxton Fables of Ai sop v. xiii, Dysshe water and
alle other fylthe. 1587 Harrison England u. xx. (1878) 1.
331 The verie dishwater is not without some use amongest
our finest plants. 1607 Torsett Four-/ Beasts (1658) 318
Wash thein with a little beef broath or dish water. 1719
D'Urrey Pills IIL. 7 Arabian Tea, Is Dish-water stuff to
a dish of new Whey. 1884 //arfer's Mag. June 22/1 Sally
shook the dish-water off her fingers.
transf. and fig. 1858 O. W. Hotmes Aut. Break/-t.
(1883) 224 Flash phraseology..is..the dish-water from the
washings of English dandyism. 1887 Sanitary Era(N.Y.)
15 Nov., Rainwater, after all, is nature’s dishwater, from
washing the great bowl of the atmosphere,
§ = DisH-wasuHER 3 (for which it is app. only an
error). Ods.
a easel Voy. New Eng. 100 The Troculus, hd res
or Dish-water. 1706 Puituips (2d. Kersey), Dish-Water
{1715Kersey, Dish-Washer),a Bird otherwise call'd Wag-tail.
iecation, -ative, obs. ff. DEsiccaTION, etc.
+ Disidw‘mony, des-, diside‘emony. Ods.
[ad. Gr. deorSacpovia fear of the gods, superstition.
© A superstition, also a worshippin od out o
fear and not from love’ Bailey (folio) 1730-6.
Diside'ntify, v. vonce-wd. [Dis- 6.] srans.
To undo or veil the identity of.
1845 Blackw. Mag. LVII1. 374 Gotham is England her-
self, poetically disidentified by a very transparent disguise.
Disillude, v. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + Itupe:
prob. after disz//usion.] trans. 'To free from illu-
sion; to undeceive, disillusion.
1860 Russet Diary India HH. 98, I am obliged to dis-
illude many of my visitors, 1892 A. Lane in /d/ustr. Lond.
News 16 July 83/1, I confess to feeling uncomfortable and
: disilluded ’ when I am thus taken behind the scenes.
u'minate, v. rare. [D1s- ak oe To
deprive of light or illumination ; to darken. ‘
1865 Swinnurne A falanta "4 All the fates. . burn me blind,
and disilluminate My sense of seeing.
usion (disil'zzon), sb. [f. Dis- 5 and 9
+ Ituusion 56, Cf. mod.F, dést//usion.}
+I. [Dis- 5.] 1. Illusion, delusion. Oés.
1598 Yonc Diana 139 What slights, what disillusions..
Haue risen of such sorrowes? soo H. Crosse Vertues
Commrw. (1878) 57 Such fallacies, and disillusions, are inci-
dent to a base and seruile condition.
the. .revolutions of 1848. 1877 Dowpen Shaks. Prim. v.53
It_is the comedy of disillusion. .
Disillu'sion, 2. Pi rec, sb.; cf. mod.F, dés-
tllustonner.) trans. To from illusion ; to dis-
enchant, undeceive, disillusionize.
1864 Reader x Oct. 417 Captain Burton .. disillusioned
many by stating that the plain on which it stands was by
no means unlike some of central equatorial Africa.
1876 W. C. Russet /s he the Man? U1. 193 His voice
disillusioned me in a s
Hence Disillu’sioned ///. a.; Disillu'sioning
vbl. sb. and ppl. a.; also Disillu'sioner, Disillu’-
sionist, a disillusioning agent.
1855 Smepiey H. Coverdale xx. 127 Alice .. took her re-
venge upon that disillusioning .. lady's maid. 1866 Lond.
Rev. 724/1 The notion of this coach is and
is a —_ against the increase of dis-illusioning. The
world, however, will not go back for our ~~, and we
must fain keep up with it. 1871 Mortey Crit. Misc. Ser.1.
273 The disillusioned France of ’ 1881 Symonps Shelley
ii. 31 A disillusioned world is inclined to look with languid
approbation on benevolence. 1889 Voice (N. Y.) 14 Mar.,
‘The ballot in woman's hand will prove a disillusionist ; she
will then be judged as a man, 1892 Graphic 9 July 38/3
Marriage is the great disillusioner. e
u'sionary, 2. [f. prec. sb., after 7//u-
stonary.| Of, pertaining to, or of the» nature of
disillusion. ,
1879 Annie Tuomas London Season 11. 161 Miss Bertram
is al most moved from her disillusionary purpose.
u‘sionize, v. [f. Disittusion sd. +
-1ZE.] trans. = DISILLUSION v.
1861 Wuyte MeEtviLie Good for Nothing 1. 236 It was ..
disillusionizing him..of the romance in which he had chosen
to wrap himself up. 1890 7%es 27 Jan. 5/2 A free discus-
sion of Social Democracy would do more to .. disillusionize
its votaries than all the police repression in the world.
Hence Disillu‘sionizing vé/. sb. and ffi. a.;
Disillu‘sionizer, one who disillusionizes.
1864 Sat. Rev. 10 Dec. 708/2 There is something dis-
illusionizing in the sumptuous returns of a successful poem
or novel. 1869 Echo 7 Sept., A somewhat similar disillu-
sionising is taking place in the United States with respect to
President Grant. 1881 Pudlic Opinion (N. Y.)2 Apr. 559The
latest literary disillusioniser. 1850 Pictorial World 4 =
293/3 The wife is not always so loyal to the disillusioniser.
Disillu‘sionment. ~[f. Disit.usion v. +
-MentT: cf. mod.F. dési//usionnement.]) The ac-
tion of disillusioning, or fact of being disillusioned.
1856 Leisure Hour V, 712/2 The first few days in Rome
.. must be a disappointment—a sort of disillusionment, if
we may coin that term, 1886 Century Mag. XXXII. 939
Therein was the beginning of disillusionments. 1891 FARRAR
Darkness & Dawn 11. 327 We have seen..the terrible dis-
illusionment and suicides of Gallio and of Seneca. .
Disillu'sive, a. [f. Disitiupg, after i//usive.]
Tending to disillusion.
1878 ‘T. Hanvy Return of Native Il. mt, i. 74 A long line
of disillusive centuries has permanently displaced the Hel-
lenic idea of life. ‘
a'gine, v- [D1s- 6.]
from the imagination ; to ima not to be.
1647 H. More Song of Soul To Rar. Biij a, Exercised Wits
that have so writhen and wrested _ their shensies that the:
can imagine or disimagine any thing. 1668 — Div. Diad.
1. xxviii. (1713) 59 This E we d 4
.. but it is whether we will or no Emerson Lett. &
Soc, Aims, Progr. Cult. Wks. (Bohn) III. 231 Truth ..
whose we ag
Disimbark, disimbogue, etc.: see DISEM-.
Disimbroil, obs. var. of DiseMBROIL, v.
1611 Fiorio Dishrogliare, to disimbroile.
Disimmu're, v. [Dis- 6.] “rans. To set
free. from confining walls; to re from impri-
sonment or confinement ; to liberate.
1611 Corcr., Desenmuré, disimmu taken out of a
wall wherein it was inclosed. B. Taytor Deukalion
u. v. gt Thou shalt dis-immure Her slaves, and give them
their abolished sex. 1886 Wittis & Ciark Cambridge Il.
127 The .. piers of the nave .. were .. ee im-
em.
mured by pulling down the rubble on each side of t
+ Disimpe tk, ». Obs. [D1s-6.] trans, To
turn out of a park,to free from the enclosure of
a park. Hence Disimparking vé/. sh,
1609 Dekker Goil's Horne-bk. 81 The ain
man who, to maintain a paltry warren of unprofitable conies,
oe pen ee
vr. Relig. ae 4 jisim
prof pe a -t it Parkas Be and po ofthe
world. 172-14 Sfectator cited in Webster 1828,
Disimpa’ ,fpl.a. Also disem-. [D1s-
12) Freed or free from ion ; dispassionate.
1861 M. W. Freer Henry /V, I. 1. ii, 98 The debates. .were
nerally practical and disimpassioned. 1876 Browntnc
umpholeptos 23 That pale soft sweet disempassioned moon.
1889 Tennyson Demeter § Persephone ii, imperial,
disimpassioned eyes Awed even me at first.
[D1s- 6.] “rans. To
o redeem (what is in pawn).
+ Disimpa‘wn, v. Ods.
take out a yet t
1631 Celestina xv. 162 Thrice have I freed thee from the
gallowes ; foure times haue I disimpawnd thee.
trans. Tobanish ~
iets «
DISIMPEACH.
+Disimpea‘ch, v. és. rare. [ad. obs. F.
desempescher (Cotgr.), f. des-, Dis- 4+ empescher
to Impgacu.] ¢rans. To free from impeach-
ment.
1611 Copan, Ons upesch Des i imp hy, disincomber,
E} Sstrolo; re vmless
ye Slay will Noleesech. ma fo boldly saith
[etc.].
Disimpester, obs. var. of DISEMPESTER.
+ Disi-mplicate, v. Ovs. [D1s- 6.] ¢rans.
To free from implication or entanglement ; to dis-
involve. Hence Disi‘mplicated ff/. a@., disin-
volved, explicit. ay
1660 tr. Amyraldus’ Treat. conc. Relig. ut. vii. 442 Much
more is it impossible for a man to disimplicate himself
from sin. 1753 S. SHuckrorp Creation & Kall of Man 56
He had a clear and disimplicated Perception of the Manner
in which Eve was taken out of him.
Disimpri‘son, v. Also 9 disem-. [f. D1s-
6 + Iwerison: cf. F. désemprisonner (in Cotgr.).]
trans. To release from imprisonment or confine-
ment; to set at liberty. Also fg.
1611 Corcr. Desprisonner, to ynprison, or disimprison.
1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1. 61 They can hardly be sepa-
rated, and dis-imprisoned as in Minerals. 1 Grew Anat.
Plants 1. i. § 44 (1682) 9 The now effoliated Lobes. . being
once dis-imprisoned from their Coats .. must needs very
considerably amplifie themselves. 1845 R. W. Hamitton
Pop, Educ. vi. (ed. 2) 134 The keys which shall unlock the
word of life to hundreds of millions and disimprison those
hundreds of millions themselves, 1858 CartyLe /redk. Gt.
1.1, i. 21‘ All History is an imprisoned Epic’. .says Sauerteig
there, I wish he had disimprisoned it in this instance !
Hence Disimpri‘soned ///.a., Disimpri‘soning
vl. sb. and ppl. a.; also Disimpri‘sonment, the
action of disimprisoning.
161r Cotcr., Disemprisonné, disimprisoned .. delivered
out of prison. 1656 Eart Mono. Advt. fr. Parnass. 193
After the disimpri t of the co dador. 1659 Tor-
RIANO, Discarceratura, a ppeag arc 1777 Torvapy in
R. Palmer Bk. of Praise 427 There shall my disimprison’d
soul Behold Him and adore. 1837 CartyLe /’r. Rev. (1872)
I. viv i. 184 The open violent Rebellion and Victory of dis-
imprisoned Anarchy against corrupt worn-out Authority.
a. Browninc Poets Croisic 101 How can the youthful
telaine but paut For disemprisonment ¢
+ Disimpro‘priate, v. Os. [Dis- 6.] ¢rans.
To undo the impropriation of; to divert what is
impropriated.
ay Bacon wae ¢ Uses Com. Law ix. (1636) 41 It shall
not be disimpropriated to the benefit of the heire.
Disimpro-ve, v. [Dis- 6.] “rans. To do
the reverse of improving; to render worse in
quality.
a Jer. Taytor Efisc. Ep. Ded., No need to disimprove
the Royal Banks to pay thanks to Bishops. 1651 — Sevm.
Sor Years, iv. 49 Those unprofitable and hurtful branches
which .. disimprove the fruit. a@1r7x7 Parnett Deborah
aeeeal Thus direful was deform’d the country round ;
npeopled towns, and disimprov'd the ground. 1827 Lapy
Morcan O' Briens § O' Flahertys 1V.352 Something changed,
but not disimproved. 1890 Gent/. Mag. Feb. 161 Though he
raised the tone of the essay, he disimproved its form, as the
masterly hand of Addison left it.
b. zutr. To grow worse, deteriorate.
1846 in Worcester, whence in later Dicts.
Hence Disimpro‘ving bpl.a,
1813 CoLeripce Remorse Epil., Dire disimproving disad-
vantages.
Disimpro-vement. [f. prec. after Improve-
MENT.] ‘The action of disimproving; the reverse
of improvement ; a change for the worse.
, 1649 Jer. Taytor Gt. Exem/. v. § 33 It hath also especial
influence in the disimprovement of temptations. 1678 Norris
Colt. Misc. (1699) 193 The final issue..would be, an utter
neglect and disimprovement of the earth. 1743 Swirt Power
wre: Wks. 1761 III. 254 Four parts in five of the plan-
tations for thirty years past have been real disimprovements.
1873 Hers in Macm, Mag. Feb. 306 There has been much
disimprovement in the matters I have referred to since their
first tenure of office.
Disinable, Disinamour, etc.: see DIsEN-.
+Disincamera‘tion. O¢s. [ad. F. désin-
camération (1664 in Littré) : see D1s- 4, 6 and In-
CAMERATION.] The revocation or annulment of an
incameration, or annexation of a territory to the
domain of the Roman Camera; also called dis-
cameration.
1668 Lond. Gaz. No. 281/t The Moneys which the Duke
fof Parma] was obliged to have formerly paid for the Dis-
incameration of one half of that Dutchy. 1670 G. H. Hist.
Cardinals u. 1. 198 In the busi of the disi ‘ation
of Castro. F
_+ Disincanta‘tion. Oés. rare. [Dis- 9.]
The undoing of an incantation or enchantment.
1652 Bentowrs Theoph. x1. 193 The Vanitie of the World.
Canto XI, The Disincantation.
Disincarcerate, v. [Dis- 6.] trans. =
Disimprisoy. Hence Disin¢arcera*tion.
1665 G. Harvey Advice agst. Plague 6 To melt and open
the surface of the Earth, for to disincarcerate the said venene
bodies. 1832 Bentuam Wés. (1838-43) XI. 62 In what way
his impri termi whether by death or b
disincarceration. 1868 G. MacponaLp Seaboard Parish In
vi. 103 The disincarcerated spirit.
.ca‘rnate, z. [Dis-10.] Divested of the
= 2 lege the opposite of zzcarnate adj.
1881 Patcrave Death in Forest in Vision of Eng. (188
The Soul disincarnate. tt
459
Disinca‘rnate, v. [Dis-6.] ‘rans. To di-
vest of flesh or a material body: the opposite of
incarnate vb.
1880 Contemp. Rev. Feb. 199 The body which Christ had
after His resurrection .. being as it were re-incarnated at
one time and dis-incarnated at another.
Disinchant, obs. var. of DISENCHANT.
Disincli‘nable, a. [f. D1s- 10+ INcLINABLE.]
Having a disinclination; disinclined, indisposed.
1769 Gotpsm. Roman /ist. (1786) 1. 245 The senate were
+. no way disinclinable to a peace.
Disinclination (disinklinz-fon). [f. D1s- 9
+ Inciination.] Want of inclination or liking
(usually implying an inclination towards the oppo-
site) ; slight dislike or aversion ; indisposition, un-
willingness.
1647 CLarENDON ist. Reb, ut. (1843) 75/1 [He], spent his
time abroad..where he improved his disinclination to the
church. 1697 Jer. Cottier Ess. Mor, Subj. 11. (1709) 164
This Humour, unless prevented, will slide into Indifferency
and Disinclination. 1749 Fiecpinc Jom Yones vi. v, So
strong a disinclination as 1 have at present to this person.
1767 Babler No. 67 4] 6 An absolute disinclination for their
company. 1788 Priesttey Lect. Hist. Ix. (R.) The same
taste for expensive living will naturally spread to the lower
ranks..and produce a general disinclination to matrimony.
1813 J. C. Hosuouse Four. Albania 1122 A disinclination
from having recourse to unjust extremities. 1856 EMERSON
Eng. Traits, First Visit Wks. (Bohn) II. 7 He had the
natural disinclination of every nimble spirit to bruise itself
against, walls. ne
Disincline (disinkloin’, v. [f. Dis- 6 + IN-
CLINE v.] ¢rans. To deprive of inclination; to
make indisposed, averse, or unwilling.
1647 CLarENDON //ist, Keb. v. (1843) 115/2 It served..to
disincline them from any reverence or affection to the queen,
1736 BotinGproke Patriot. (1749) 242, 1 know that they dis-
inclined men from the succession. 1804 CASTLEREAGH in
Owen Wellesley’s Desp. 252 The jealousy which even then
disinclined the Peishwa to place himself in our hands. 1846
D. Kine Lora’s Supper iv, 106 He disinclines us for sin.
1878 Bayne Purit. Rev. ii. 33 Other considerations. .might
well disincline him to a warlike expedition.
_ absol. 1790 Han. More Relig. ash. World (1791) 13, It
is not perplexed argument or intricate metaphysics, which
can now disincline from Christianity. :
b. zxtr. To be indisposed or unwilling ; to in-
cline not (¢o do something’.
1885 G. Merepitu Diana I.i. 19 She..believed, as men
disincline to do, that they grow.
Disinclined (disinkloi-nd), pA/.a. [f. Dis- 10
+ IncLineD.] Having a disinclination or slight
aversion; not inclined; averse, indisposed.
1647 CLARENDON /Zist. Red. v1. (1843) 297/1 Wherever they
found any person of quality inclined to the king, or but dis-
inclined to them, they immediately seized upon his person.
1719 Younc Revenge 11. i, Alvarez pleads indeed, That
Leonora’s heart is disinclined. ae Ricnarpson Clarissa
(x8rx) III. xxix. 174, I should not be disinclined to go to
London, did I know anybody there. 1797 Mrs. RApDcLIFFE
Italian i, He maintained that if she was not disinclined
towards him, some sign of approbation would appear. 1856
Froupe Hist. Eng. 1,149 The old aristocracy..were dis-
inclined by constitution and sympathy from sweeping
measures, 1858 Cartyte Fred, Gt. (1865) I. 11. iii. 59 The
Wends were highly disinclined to conversion, 1888 F. HuME
Mad. Midas 1. v, [He] felt disinclined for any more sleep.
Disinclose: see DISENCLOSE.
Disincomber, obs. var. of DISENCUMBER.
+ Disincommodate, v. Os. Erroneous mix-
ture of d¢scommodate and incommodate.
1635, d. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Banish’d Virgin 22 For
feare of disincommodating themselves.
+ Disinco'rporate, 7//. a. Ols. Also 7
disen-. [f. D1s- 10+ INcoRPORATE a. : see next. ]
Disunited or separated from a body, corporation,
or society.
1605 Bacon Adv. Learn, 1. xxv. $9 (1871) 258 Aliens and
disincorporate from the Church of God. 1681 R. L’Estrance
Casuist Uncas'd 78'Ten Millions of men, are but as so many
Individuals, when disencorporate, and Lopp'd off from the
Body.
Disincorporate (disinkpéreit), v. [f. Dis-
6 + IncorvorATE v.: cf. I. déstncorporer (16go in
Hatz.-Darm.).]
1. ¢rans. To undo the incorporation of, to dis-
solve (a corporation).
1697 Cotuer Ess. Mor, Subj. 1. (1703) 223 To remove the
Magistracy, or disincorporate the State. 1754-62 Hume
Hist, Eng. 1V. 191 (Seager) His Majesty had disincorpo-
rated someidle monks. 1893 Mix. Nat. Conj. Council(1892)
271 ‘he same law disincorporated the Mormon Church.
2. To separate from a corporation or body.
17or Cotiier M. Aurel. (1726) 168 He that is selfish .. dis-
incorp himself from kind q ~
Hence Disincorpora‘tion, the action of disin-
| corporating, or depriving of the rights and privi-
_ leges of a corporation.
1772 T. Warton Life Sir T. Pope 4x (T.) [He] ranked the
king’s disincorporation of the monks with his rejection of
the see of Rome..as a matter of an external nature.
+ Disincrea‘se, s). Ots. In 5 disen-, [f.
Dis- 9 + IncREASE 5é.] The reverse of increase ;
decrease, diminution.
1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy m. xxvii, In preiudice of his wor-
thynesse And disencrease of his hygh prowesse. ¢1430 —
Thebes us. (R.), The tydings that fhu hast brought Shal vnto
him be .disencrease. ¢ — Compl. Loveres Life 202
Wythout addicyoun, Or disencrese, owther mor or lesse.
DISINFLATION.
+ Disincrea‘se, v. O/s. In 5 disencrese.
[f Dis- 6 + Increase v.] To decrease, diminish
(¢n¢r. and ¢yans.; in quot. 1430, = DIMINISH 5, to
rob, deprive).
¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. v. pr. vi. 173 It failep and fallep in
to moeuynge fro be simplicite of [the] presence of god, and
disencresip to pe infinite quantite of future and of preterit.
c1430 Pilger. Lyf Manhode-n. xxiv. (1869) 149 Vhei with.
drawen and disencresen grace dieu of the tresore of hire
rialtee. |
Disincru'stant. [f Dis- 10+ L. ¢xcrustant-
em, pr. pple. of zacrustare to INcRuST : see -ANT!.]
Something that removes or prevents incrusta-
tion,
1878 Ure's Dict. Arts IV. 1012 Zinc as a Disincrustant in
Steam Boilers.
Disincumber: see DISENCUMBER.
Disindivi-‘dualize,v. [D1s-6.] trans. To
divest of individuality. ,
1839 J. Stertinc Lss. §& Tales (1848) I. 327 Self is thus ..
dis-individualized, unisolated, rather universalized and
idealized. 1870 EMERSON Soc. & Solit., Art Wks. (Bohn)
III. 19 The artist who is to produce a work which is to be
admired .. by all men..must disindividualize himself, and be
a man of no party.
Disinfect (disinfekt), v. [f. Drs- 6 + Inrecr
v.: perhvad. F, déstnfectes (1556 in Hatz.-Darm:).]
+1. trans. To rid (a person or place) of an in-
fection or infectious disease. Obs. rare.
1598 FLorio, Sworbare, to disinfect, to cure, to heale.
1722 Lond. Gaz. No. 6025/2 La Canourgue and Banassac
were disinfecting, none had newly fallen sick there. :
2. To cleanse (a room, clothes, etc.) from infec-
tion; to destroy the germs of disease in.
1658 R. Waite tr. Digdy’s late Disc. 63 They use to make
great fires, where there is houshold-stuffe of men that died
of the Pestilence, to dis-infect (1664 disinfect] them. /ézd.
64. 1828 Wester, Disinfect, to cleanse from infection ;
to purify from contagious matter. 1844 Pharmac. Fril.
III. 396 The best mode of disinfecting the clothes of scar-
latina patients. 1875 L’ve’s Dict. Arts 11. 36 Stenhouse has
employed charcoal for disinfecting the air.
absol, 1875 Ure's Dict. Arts 11. 37 Water disinfects partly
by preventing effluvia from arising from bodies.
Hence Disinfe’cted f//. a., Disinfe'cting vd/.
sb. and ppl. a.
1837 Penny Cycl. VII. 109/1 As a disinfecting agent .. it
(chlorine) is unrivalled. 1853 STONEHENGE Greyhound iii.
(L.) The walls should be well washed with chloride of lime,
or..disinfecting fluid. 1890 B. A. WuitELeGGE //ygtene &
Public Health xi, 241 One of these rooms should be strictly
reserved for infected and the other for disinfected goods.
1894 7 7i2es 30 Sept. 3/3 A thorough system of disinfection
by disinfecting officers. :
Disinfe‘ctant, a. and sé. [ad. F. déstnfectant
(1816 in Hatz.-Darm.)}, pres. pple. of désznfecter
to DIsINFECT.]
A. adj. Having the property of disinfecting.
1875 Ure's Dict. Arts 11]. 1192 The disinfectant liquor of
Sir W. Burnett is chloride of zinc. |
B. sd. Something having this property; an agent
used for disinfecting or destroying the germs of in-
fectious disease.
1837 Penny Cycl. VII. 107/2 The hypochlorite of lime,
usually called chloride of lime ..is a compound of great
importance, both in the arts, and as a disinfectant.
Jig. 1862 ‘1. Winturop Cecil Dreeme vi. (Cent.) The
moral atmosphere, too, of this honest, cheerful, simple home
scene acted as a moral disinfectant.
Disinfe‘cter. [f. Disinrecrv.+-ER1.] He
who or that which disinfects.
1845 Frnl. R. Agric. Soc. V1. 1. 547 It is a disinfecter of
putrid matter. — ~ :
Disinfection (disinfekfan). [n. of action
from DisinFEcT v.: cf. F. aésinfection (1630 in
Hatz.-Darm ).] The action of disinfecting or puri-
fying from infection; destruction of the germs of
infectious diseases.
1803 Duncan's Ann, Med. 11. 1. 35 On the influence of
Oxygen in the process of disinfection. 1838 Penny Cyc.
XII. 470/1 The most important and valuable method of
disinfection is ventilation. 1890 B. A. WuireLecce Hygiene
& Public Health xi. 234 Disinfection by heat is the simplest
and most thorough of all methods.
Disinfe’ctor. [f. Distvrect v.+-or, after L.
infector, etc.) =DISINFECTER; sfec. a device for
diffusing a disinfectant in the air.
1832 Lp. Campseit. Let. Aug. in Lif (1881) IIT. 15 In
court we are almost overpowered by fumigations and asper-
sions..A druggist has made a little fortune by selling what
he denominates disinfectors. 1874 in Knigut Dict, Mech,
Disinfeuda‘tion. [Dis- 9.] The reversal
of infeudation ; liberation from feudal tenure.
1881 Academy 7 May 336 Some new light upon the dis-
infeudation of advowsons.
isinfla‘me, v. rare. [Dis- 6.] ‘rans. To
make no longer inflamed ; to deprive of ardour.
¢x6rx Cuapman //iad xu, 400 O Lycians, why are your
hot spirits so quickly disinflam’d ?
Disinflation. [Dis- 9.] The reversal of
inflation, e.g. of a balloon. Cf. DEFLATION.
1880 Daily News 22 Oct. 6/5 The grapnel having held fast
in muddy ground, the disinflation process was executed ..
before the arrival of the lads, who were very serviceable to
us for rolling the balloon.
ingage, -ment, obs. ff. DISENGAGE, -MENT.
1603 Fiorio Montaigne 111. ii. (1632) 456 It is a pleasure
unto mee, to bee..disingaged from their contentions.
58*-2
DISINGENIOUS.
Disingenious, etc., freq. error in 17th c. for
DisINGENUOUS, etc.
Gurnatt Chr. in Arm. i. § 1. (1669) 62/2 One is
against love, and so dis-ingenious. 1674 Govt. Tongue iii.
§ 6. 110 The disi i of emb gZ a profession to
which their own hearts have an inward reluctance. 1678
Yug. Man's Call. 161 If duty may be ee, put
off now. 1707 Foyer Physic. Pulse-Watch 11 "Tis Disin-
enious to pretend to know by the Pulse that which cannot
& discover'd by it. :
Disingenuity (disindzéniviti). [f. next, after
ingenuous, ingenuity.] |= DISINGENUOUSNESS
(which is now more usual).
1647 Trare Comm. Pentat. (1650) 1. 302 Unthankfulness
and dis-ingenuity. 1653 Manton £xf. Jas. iii. 17 Un-
charitable deductions .. forced by the disingenuity of the
adversary. 1 Locke Hum. Und. ww. viii. (1695) 350 The
disingenuity of one, who will go from the definition of his
own Terms. 1769 Ropertson Chas. V, II. vu. 1 The
Emperor's disingenuity in violating his repeated promises.
1835 Sir W. Hamitton Discuss. (1852) 184 Mr. Stewart is
far more lenient than Dr. Wallis’ disingenuity merited.
b. A piece of unfair treatment or underhand
dealing.
1680 H. Dopwett Disc. Sanchoniathon's Hist. (1691) 114
For the Practice of such disingenuities, 1804 SoutHey in
Ann. Rev. 11. 18 In one instance he has been guilty of a
worse disingenuity.
Disingenuous (disindze‘nizjas), a. [Dis-
10.] ‘The opposite of zngenuous; lacking in can-
dour or frankness, insincere, morally fraudulent.
(Said of persons and their actions.)
1655 [see Disincentous]. 1657 Burton's Diary (1828) I.
291 It will be disingenuous to think that his Highness and
the Council should be under an oath, and your members
free. 1673 Lady's Call.1. v. P 3. 32 Of such disingenuous
addresses, ‘tis easy to read the event. 1718 F'reethinker
No. 67. Pg A Disingenuous Speaker is most effectually re-
futed without Passion, 1827 Hattam Cous/. Hist. (1876)
I. ii. 98 Cranmer. .had recourse to the disingenuous shift of
a protest. 1875 Hevrs Ess., Advice 46 It is a disingenuous
thing to ask for advice, when you mean assistance.
Hence Disinge’nuously adv., in a disingenuous
manner, not openly or candidly, meanly, unfairly.
1661 H. Newcome Diary (1849) 26 So disingenuously ..
I have carryed toward my God. 1678 [see Disincenious].
1748 Richarpson Clarissa (1811) I. xxxix. 289 Although I
had most disingenuously declared otherwise to my mother,
1836 J. Gitpert Chr. Atonem. viii. (1852) 232 We should
deem it to be disingenuously evasive.
Disinge‘nuousness. [f. prec. +-nEss.] The
quality of being disingenuous; want of candour and
frankness; disposition to secure advantage by means
not morally defensible; insincerity, unfairness.
1674 [see DisinGENtous, etc.]. 1815 Jane Austen Emma
UL. v. 298 Disingenuousness and double-dealing seemed to
meet him on every turn. 1849 Macautay //ist. Eng. 11. 274
Those statutes .. could not without the grossest disin-
genuousness be so strained. 188r Stantey Chr. Justit.
viii. 167 A singular exewtple either of the disingenuousness
or of the neglu=" * >with which the Prayerbook was recon-
structed.
+Disinha‘bit, 4/7. a. Short for DistInHABITED.
1530 PatsGr. 519/2 This countraye is utterly disinhabyt,
ce pays est entierement depopulé,
+ Disinha‘bit, v. O/s. [f. Dis- 6 + Inuanir
v.] trans. Yo rid or deprive of inhabitants; to
dispeople.
1530 Pasar. 519/2, I disinhabyte a countrey, I make it
barayne of dwellynge people. 1582 N. LicHerietp tr.
Castanheda's Cong. E. Ind. liv. 117 The Citie beeing thus
disinhabited. 1607 TorseL. Serfents (1658) 601 Some places
have been disinhabited, and dispeopled by Serpents. 1818
Topp s.v. Dishadit, In modern times we sometimes use ds-
inhabit for it.
b. ref. To remove one’s dwelling.
1679 G. R. tr. Boyatuau'’s Theat, World i. 220 Caused
the People to dis-inhabit themselves.
Hence +Disinha‘bited ///. a., uninhabited,
without inhabitants.
1600 Haktuyt Voyages III. 374(R.) Nothing but exceed-
ing rough mountaines .. vtterly disinhabited and voyd of
ople. 1622 Manne tr. Ademan's Guzman d’Alf. 1. 157
ee .. dwels in places vn-peopled and dis-inhabitted. 1632
Litucow 7 rav. vin. 374 Wee were long or night involved
in a dis-inhabited Country. 1684 Bucaniers Amer. 1.(ed. 2)
5 That part of this Island. .is totally dis-inhabited.
+ Disinha‘bitable, 2. Ods. [Dis- 10.] Un-
inhabitable.
1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 342 There was reason
to believe these parts disinhabitable. 1660 N. INceLo
Bentivolio & Urania (1682) 1. 74 Will you make this place
disinhabitable to ingenuity?
+ Disinha’bitate, v. Obs. rave—°, [Dis- 6.]
1611 Cotcr., Deshaditer, to disinhabitate, or depriue of
inhabitants.
Disinherison (disinhe'rizan). Also disen-
[f. Dis- 9 + Innerison: cf. disherison.] The
action of disinheriting, or fact of being disinherited ;
disinheritance; = DISHERISON.
1543-4 Act 35 Hen. VIII, c. 1 The peril slaunder or dis-
hinherison of any the issues and heires of the kinges maies-
tie. 1622 Bacon Hen. V// Wks. (Bohn) 310 It_ tended
directly to the disinherison of the line of York. 1643 Prynne
Sov. Power Parl. 1. (ed. 2) 69 The great mischiefs and
disinherisons that the people of the Realme of England have
heretofore suffered. 1765 BLackstone Comm. 1. 448 There
are fourteen such reasons .. which may justify such disin-
herison. 1862 Sara Ship Chandler iii. 53 Commanding him
under pain of disinherison..to unite himself to the bride he
+» had chosen for him,
4€0
Disinherit aeons v. Also 6 disen-,
dishenerite. [f. Dis- 6 + Innenir v.] ‘rans.
To deprive or dispossess of an inheritance ; ‘to cut
off from an hereditary right’ (J.); to prevent (a
person) from coming into * strane of a property
or right which in the ordinary course would de-
volve upon him as heir.
c1450 Merlin 452 We hadde leuer be disinherited and
chased oute of the londe. c1g32 Dewes /ntrod. Fr. in
Palsgr. 1040 The sonne him shal disenherite, =
Chron., Hen, V an. 2 (1800) 60 Shamefully to di ite
ourselfe and the Croune of our Realme.
sHED Chron. III. 820/2 Yet had he sent his
the said dukes countrie .. to destroie and dishinherit the
said duke. 1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto's Trav. xxvii. 10
A very rich Woman, that had disinherited her kindred, an’
left her estate to the Pagod. _1718 Lapy M. W. Montacu
Let. to C'tess Bristol (1887) 1. 240 A child thus adopted
cannot be disinherited. 1860 Hook Lives A dfs. (1869) 1. 363
He was disinherited and turned out of his father’s house.
+b. Const. of. Obs.
1548 Hat Chron., Hen. VII an. 4 (1809) 444 Nor yet En-
tended to disheneryt the yonge Duke Phillippe of his
Graundfathers inheritaunce. 1621 S/a’e Trials, Alp. Abbot
(R.) Some right of hunting, which the Archbishop was to
disinherit his church of. a@17x6 Soutu (J.) Of how faira
ea Adam disinherited his whole posterity !
e. fig.
1634 Mitton Comus 334 And thou, fair moon .. Stoop thy
pale visage through an amber cloud, And disinherit Chaos,
that reigns here. 1748 Younc Nt. TA. 1. 246 God's image
disinherited of day, Here, plungd in mines, forgets a sun
was made. 1840 Mas. Browninc Drama of Exile Wks. 1889
I. 35 Earth, methinks, Will disinherit thy philosophy.
Hence Disinhe‘rited ///. a., Disinhe'riting
vol. sb. and ppl. a.
1583 Fxec. for Treason (1675) 42 The disinheriting of all
the Nobility. 1635 Eart Strarrorp Lett. (1739) I. 471 Those
disinherited Princes of the Palatinate. 1777 SueRipan Sch.
Scand. 1v.i, An unforgiving eye, and a confounded disin-
heriting countenance! 1 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876)
II. x. 486 A disinkerited and dispossessed chieftain still
looked on the land as his own,
Disinheritable, a. [f. prec. + -aBLe.] Liable
to be disinherited.
1646 Futter Wounded Consc. (1841) 291 Heirs of Heaven
they are, but disinheritable for their misdemeanour.
e‘ritan {f. DistnnErit v., after
Hottn-
le to inuade
ce.
inheritance.| The fact of disinheriting, or of being
disinherited ; dispossession from an inheritance.
1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII, c.g § 1 Vexation, troubles, wrongs
and disinheritance hath followed. 1660 R. Coxe Yustice
Vind. 36 To the dispossession and disinheritance of another.
1789 Trifler No. 39. 506 He was enjoined .. upon pain of
disinheritance. 1843 W. H. Mitt Odserv. Crit. Gosp. u. ii.
§ 3. 257 By adirect sentence of disinheritance.
+ Disinhe‘ritate, v. Olds. rare. [f. Distn-
HERIT + -ATE, on analogy of words from Latin ppl.
stem: see -ATE? and3, Cf. It. disereditare = disere-
dare to disinherit.]) = DIsINHERIT.
Hence Disinhe ritated f//.a.; also Disinheri-
ta‘tion = DISINHERITANCE.
: 1654 Coxaine Dianea ut. 172 A Princesse disinheritated
implores your aide. 1835 Chamb. Frnl. 16 May 121
Threatened with disinheritation.
ume (disinhi#m), v. Also disen-.
[D1s- 6.] trans. To unbury, unearth, exhume.
1821 Worpsw. Lccl. Sonn., Wicliffe, The Church is seized
with sudden fear, And at her call is Wicliffe disinhumed.
1833 /'raser’s Mag. VIII. 637 The disinhuming of the
primitive history of mankind. 1881 Corn’. Alag. Pt. 93
A golden drinking-horn disenhumed in the old England of
our ancestors by the Baltic Shore.
+ Disinsa‘nity. Ods. rare. In 7 disen-. [irreg.
f. dis- (used otiosely or ? intensively; cf. Dis- 5) +
Insanity.] Insanity, madness.
a 1625 Beaum. & Fi. Two Noble K. ut. v, What tediosity
and disensanity Is here among ye !
Disinslave, obs. form of DisENSLAVE.
Disinsula‘tion. [D1s-9.] Doing away with
insulation ; the rendering no longer an island.
1882 Daily Tel. No. 8306. 5/3 The dis-insulation of Eng-
land may cr may not be a national >
Disinsure, Disintail, etc.: see DIsen-,
Disintegrable, a. [f Disinrecrate: see
-ABLE.] Capable of being disintegrated.
1796 Kirwan Elem. Min, (ed. 2) 1. 93 Argillo-calcites. 1st
Class. Readily disintegrable by exposure to the atmosphere.
1864 H. Srencer /nduct. Biol. § 118(L.) The formations
{of land] being disintegrable in different degrees.
Disi-nte , a. and sb, [fas prec. +-ant!.]
A. adj, Disintegrating, or becoming disinte-
grated. B. sd. Something that disintegrates; a
eo agent.
1855 H. Srencer Princ. Psychol. (1872) 1.1. iv. 75 A direct
disintegrant of the tissues. 1866 Padd Mail G. 10 Nov. 4
Post-classical and disintegrant Greek.
Disintegrate (disi‘nt/gre't), v. [f. Dis- 6 +
INTEGRATE v.]
1. ¢vans. To separate into its component parts or
particles ; to reduce to fragments, break up, destroy
the cohesion or integrity of (as by mechanical or
atmospheric action). Also fig.
x irwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) 1. 99 Marlites .. are not
disintegrated by exposure totheatmosphere. 1860 TYNDALL
Glac. 1. vii. 49 The adjacent rocks .. were disintegrated.
1864 Daily Tel, 20 Sept., Most valuable for the purpose of
blasting or disintegrating rocks. 1874 Heirs Soc. Press.
DISINTEGRATOR.
>
_ xxii. 333 Bricks. .entirely disintegrated by the corrosive in-
nye
“4 ‘ALLAM Aist, Lit, ii, ut. § 13 A fanati
dfetuegrating every thing likea church. 1860 Froupe Hist.
Eng. V. 121 ‘The grazing farms were disintegrated. The
cottages of the. pananes had ogee Spee Se ee
attac 1876 Giapstone Homeric Synchr. 7
ity. ded in a hundred efforts.,
yy rene pps odify
tgoist Vil, ‘e cannot modify our
without i Tiinoune the socal structure.
b. To separate or break off as particles or
fragments from the whole mass or
Sry Tusinas Moab iii. 40 The detached blocks, which
have been disintegrated from the mass. 1876 Brewer Eng.
Studies ii, (1881) 57 ‘ Vheir personal adventures’. .cannot
disintegrated from the g | body of our history without
blurring its lineaments.
2. intr. (for refl.) To become disintegrated, to
break up.
318.. R. Jameson (I..), On exposure to the weather it
(chalk marl] rapidly disintegrates. 1851 Ricnarpson Geo,
ix. 349 The absorption of oxygen and carbonic acid from
the air causes rocks .. to disintegrate. Froupe Hist.
Eng. 1, 336 The Church itself was fast disintegrating.
ntegrate, ¢. rare. [f. Dis- 10 + InTE-
GRATE @., after prec.] Disintegrated.
1875 G. Macponatp A/alcolm ILI. x. 147 The disintegrate
returns to resting and capable form.
ens ppl. a. [f. DIsInTEGRATE v.
+ -ED!.] educed to fragments, broken up;
broken off as fragments: see the verb.
1796 Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) 1. 321 The felspar, both
in granites and porphyries, is frequently found..in a de-
composed or disintegrated state, 1854 J. Scorrern in Or7’s
Circ. Sc. Chem. 7 Disintegrated particles. PHILLiPs
Vesuv. v. 146 This volcanic dust is disintegrated lava. —_
Cuurcu Spenser 62 The wreck and clashing of disintegrat
customs. :
Disi-utegrating, 7//.c. [f.as prec. + -ING 2)
1. That disintegrates (¢rans.); reducing or tend-
ing to reduce to fragments; destroying cohesion or
integrity.
1831 Brewster Nat. Magic xii. (1833) 298 The disintegrat-
ing and solvent powers af emia agents. 1868 G. Durr
Pol. Surv. 220 Those disintegrating forces which have
worked so powerfully in breaking up more than one of the
States. : : ;
2. That disintegrates (z#/r.) ; breaking up, going
to pieces.
1872 C. Kine Mountain. Sierra Nev. x. 217 A disintegra-
ting race. 1877 Roperts Handtk. Med. (ed. 3) 1. 124 Dis-
integrating red corpuscles are sometimes seen.
Disintegra‘tion. [n. of action f, DistTE-
GRATE v.: see -ATION.] e action or process of
disintegrating, or the condition of being disinte-
grated ; reduction to component particles, breaking
up; destruction of cohesion or integrity.
a. lit.; sfec.in Geol., the wearing down of rocks
by rain, frost, and other atmospheric influences.
1796 Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. a7 96 By exposure to the
air and moisture, it .. chips and falls to pieces. This disin-
tegration is remarkable, for it does not proceed solely from
the absorption of water, 1808 Henry Zit. Chem. (ed. 5)
57 The disintegration of stones, ere agg alumine,
is not easily cflected by means of potash. 1834 THomson
in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club 1. No. 2. 42 The disintegration of
the clay-slate rocks. 1860 Maury PAys. Geog. i. 20 The wire
wrapping of the Atlantic cable has been found in a state
almost of complete disintegration. 1863 A.C. Ramsay
Phys. Geog. iii. (1878) 34 The heric di
ration of cliffs. 1874 Carpenter Ment. Phys, 1. ii. § 30
1879) 30 When a Muscle is called into contraction, there
a certain disintegration or ‘ waste’ of its tissue.
. fig.
1849 Hr. Martineau in Four C. Eng. Lett. 545 If the
principles of social liberty should di the d gration
of nations. 1865 Merivace Rom. Emp. VILL. Ixviii. 355
The decay of moral principles which hastened the disin-
tegration of Roman society. 1868 GLapstone Pur. Mundi
i. (1870) 19 There are passages of ancient writers which tend
to the disintegration of Homer.
c. attrib. as disintegration-scheme, -theory.
= W. Kay Crisis Hupfeld. 59 The principles on which
the Disintegration-theory rests. ‘
Hence Disintegra‘tionist, an advocate of disin-
tegration.
1884 Duncxey in Manch. Exam. 1 Dec. 6/1 Mr. Forster
seems to them to be the great disintegrationist of our time,
1889 Bagel Aug., Their own d v4 isaN
n the disintegrationists.
ntegrative, a. [f. as prec.: see-aTIvE.]
Having the quality of disintegrating ; tending to
disin' te.
1869 Contemp. Rev. X11. 1 ‘enets .. essentially disin-
tegrative of union, 1876 A. M. Farrsaimn S/ranss 1, in
Contemp. Rev. June 135 Ancient heresies were elaborative,
modern disintegrative of dogma.
‘ntegrator. [agent-n. f. DisInrEGRATE
v.: see -OR.
1. One who or that which disintegrates.
1844 NV. Brit. Rev. 1. 114 Collectors of authorities and dis-
integrators of débris. 1863 A. C. Ramsay Phys. Geog. i.
(1878) 4 Frost is .. a powerful disintegrator. 5
. spec. Applied to machines or appliances for
reducing substances to small fragments orto powder.
1874 Knicut Dict, Mech., Disintegrator. 1. A machine
for grinding or pulverizing bones, guano, etc., for manure.
2. A mill in which grain is broken into a fine dust by beaters
jecting from the faces of parallel metallic disks revolv-
ing in contrary directions, 1890 Daily News 26 June 6/1
DISINTEGRATORY.
A t the p _ : is one ee the spats
Disintegrator .. It grinds everything to powder, and .. is
iepety eee in $aiieing: bones and oyster shells. .into a fine
mixture that makes an admirable chicken food.
2. = DISINTEGRATIONIST.
1865 W. Kay Crisis Huffeld. 26 The opponents of the
* Disintegrators.
‘ x6xx Cotar., Dessevelir, to disinterre, vnburie.
Disi‘ntegra:tory, 2. [f. as prec. + -ory.]
Producing or tending to disintegration.
1878 Lewes in Pop. Sc. Monthiy XIII. 419 Criticism has
taken its place among the disintegratory agencies. 2
tegrity. [Dis-9.] Want of integrity
or entireness; unsound or disintegrated condition.
1785 Bentuam MWés. (1838-43) X. 145 The multitude of the
audience multiplies for disintegrity the chances of detection.
1861 Wits in Ecclesiologis¢ XXII. 91 Nothing short of
such a system could have prevented the falling in of Chiches-
ter Tower ; it was in a state of disintegrity, which nothing
could arrest. ;
Disintegrous, 2. rave. [f. Dis- 10+ L. zn-
teger entire +-0uS : after disintegrate, etc.] Char-
acterized by disintegration or want of cohesion.
1885 Sci. Amer. (N. Y.) 8 Aug. 80 Such a disintegrous
material as iron could not be spread into layering leaves
like gold.
Disinte’nsify, v. [D1s- 6.] ¢rans. To de-
prive of its intensity ; to make less intense.
1884 Browninc Ferishtah 119 Black’s soul of black Beyond
white’s power to disintensify.
Disinter (disints-1), v. Also 7 disen-, -terre.
[ad. F. désenterrer (15th c. in Littré), f. des- Dis-
4+ enterrer to INTER. ]
1. trans. To take (something) out of the earth in
which it is buried; to take (a corpse, etc.) out of
the grave; to unbury, exhume.
1627 May
Lucan 1x, (R.) Isis (their Goddesse now) I'le disinterre.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. vit. xix. 384 ‘To disen-
terre the bodies of the deceased. 1658 Evriyn /'r. Gard.
(1675) 96 Dis-interre the greatest roots. 1867 PeArson Hist,
Lng. I. 2 The short shallow skulls which are even now dis-
interred in old barrows.
2. transf. and fig. To take out as if from atomb ;
to bring out of concealment, ‘ unearth’.
171r Appison Sfect. No. 215 \p 2 The Philosopher, the
Saint, or the Hero. . very often lies, concealed in a Plebeian,
which a proper Education might have dis-interred. 1818
Scott rt. Mid7. i, Vhe two ladies who had been disinterred
out of the fallen vehicle.
+ Disinteress, v. Os. Pa. pple. -essed, -est.
[ad. F. déstntéresser ‘to discharge, or saue harme-
lesse; to rid from all interest in’ (Cotgr.), f. des-
Dis- 4 + zntéresser to INTEREST.] = DISINTEREST v.
Hence Dis-interessing vd/. sd.
1622 Bacon Hen. V’//, 55 The higher Bond that tyeth him
.-doth dis-interesse him a these Obligations. 1642 R. Car-
PENTER Exferience i. iv. 14 Why is every man disinteressed
froma lawfull calling? 1642 Jer. Taytor “isc. (1647) 249 To
be deposed, or disinterest in the allegeance of subjects. 1646
Sattmarsu Some Drops i. 3 We all see how hazardous it is
to disinteresse any in the Civill part. a 1655 Vinrs Lorad’s
Supp. (1677) 342 The dis-interessing of self-love. .is very rare,
+ Disinteressed, 7//.a2. Obs. Also des-,
disinterest. [f. prec. + -ED!, or f. Dis- 10+IN-
TERESSED. ]
1. =DISINTERESTED I. ;
1603 Fiorio Montaigne 11. ii, (1632) 456 It is a pleasure
unto mee, to bee disinteressed of other mens affayres, and
disingaged from their contentions. 1638 CuitLinew. Kelig.
Prot, 1. iii. § 81.179 We that are disinteressed persons. 1648
Boyte Seraph. Love vi. (1700) 48 Such disinteressed and
resign’d Habitudes. 1692 Drypen St. Euremont's Ess. 351
Let us act the disinteressed.
2. =DISINTERESTED 2.
1610 Donne Pseudo-martyr. xii. 358 The Pope..more dis-
interessed then the neighbour Princes, 1649 Jer. Taytor
Gt. Exentp. 1. 72 The prudence of a wise and disinterest
person. 1696 Mary Astett Proposal to Ladies 137 ‘The
most refin’d and disinteress’d Benevolence. 1700 TyrRELL
Hist. Eng. 11. 1098 This Writer being a Layman is more
disinteressed.
Hence + Disinteressedly adv.; }Disinteressed-
ness, -estness, disinterestedness.
1648 BoyLe Seraph. Love xiii. (1700) 66 The. . Disinterest-
ness of his Love tous, 1707 Xe/?. Ridic. 253 Disinteressed-
ness and Generosity. a7 f . Puiwiers tr. Thirty-four
Confer. 351 Men disinteress’dly holy.
+Disinteressment. Ols. [a. F. désin-
téressement (1657 in Hatz.-Darm.).] Disinterested-
ness, impartiality.
1662 J. Barcrave Pope Alex. VIT (1867) 110 Let him read
them both with an equal disinteressment. 1718 Prior Poems
Postcr. to Pref., He (the Earl of Dorset] has managed some
of the greatest charges of the kingdom, with known ability ;
and laid them down with entire disinteressment.
Disinterest, sd. [f. Dis- 9 + Inrerest sd.]
1. That which is contrary to interest or advan-
tage ; disadvantage, prejudice, injury ; something
against the interest of or disadvantageous ¢o (a
person or thing concerned). Now rare.
_ 1662 Granvitt Lux Orient, Pref. (1682) 7 "Tis a great dis-
interest to so..unusual a Doctrine as this, to be but partially
handled. x Norris Cold. Afisc. (1 ) 294 Whatever ..
tends to the Disinterest of the Public, is Evil. 1744 Harris
Three Treat. (1841) 105 You have seen many a wise head
shake, in pronouncing that sad truth, How we are governed
all by interest. And what do they think should govern us
else? Our loss, our damage, our disinterest? 1876 Ruskin
Fors Clav. V1. \xviii. 253 All gain, increase, interest .. to
461
the lender of capital, is loss, decrease, and dis-interest to
the borrower of capital. Lae
+ 2. Disinterestedness, impartiality. Ods.
1658 J. Wess tr, Calprenede’s Cleopatra vill. i. 34
Perswaded of my disinterest in the affaires of Coriolanus.
1718 OzeELL Zournefort's Voy. I. p. xviii, Physick, which he
practised with the most perfect disinterest. 1799 W. TayLor
in Monthly Rev. XX1X. 102 A catching spirit of disinterest
and benevolence. 18053 — in A/onthly Mag. XX. 40 The
taste of Lessing awarded them, if not with equity, with
disinterest.
3. Absence of interest, unconcern. rare.
_ 1889 Mrs. Ranpotrn New Eve I. i. 29 [An expression] of
intense disinterest in all earthly things.
Disi-nterest, v. Now rare. [f. Dis- 6 +
INTEREST v,; see DISINTERESS, which this vb. has
superseded.]
1. trans. To rid or divest of interest or concern ;
to detach from the interest or party of.
1612 Bacon Charge touching Duels, When he shall see
the law and rule of state disinterest him of a vain and
unnecessary hazard. 1675 tr. Camden's [ist. Eliz. 539
An advantageous Peace had been offered to him by the
Pope’s Nuncio..if he would disinterest himself from the
Queen, 1692 Bevertey Disc. Dr. Crisp 15 His present
Enmity does not disinterest him in a Right to come, if he
would; But it hinders his being willing tocome. 1895 Pad/
MallG. 1 Feb. 2/t Politics in France are disgusting, and that
is why the people have disinterested themselves entirely from
taking part in them. we
2. To free from self-interest, to render disin-
terested.
1681 R. L’Estrance Afol. Prot. u. 29 That every man
dis-interesting himself, may candidly endeavour the retriv-
ing of the Truth,
Disinterest, var. of DIsINTERESSED A//. a.
Disi‘nterested, #//. ¢. [f. prec. vb. +-ED 1;
or f, Dis- 10 + INTERESTED.]
+1. Without interest or concern; not interested,
unconcerned. ? Ods.
@ 1612 Donne Biabavaros (1644) 09 Cases, wherein the party
is dis-interested. 1684 Contempl. State of Mar. x (1699)
113 How dis-interested are they in all Worldly matters, since
they fting their Wealth and Riches into the Sea. 1767
Funius /ett, iii. 18 A careless disinterested spirit is no part
of his character.
2. Not influenced by interest; impartial, un-
biased, unprejudiced ; now always, Unbiased by
personal interest; free from self-seeking. (Of
persons, or their dispositions, actions, etc. )
1659 O. WALKER Oratory 115 The soul .. sits now as the
most disinterested Arbiter, and impartial judge of her own
works, that she can be. 1705 Stanuore Paraffr. III. 435
So should the Love to our Neighbour be .. Not mercenary
and designing, but disinterested and hearty. 1726 ddv.
Capt. R. Boyle 273 Any disinterested Person would make
the same Judgement; your Passion has blinded yours.
1800 Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Fam. 11. 82, I fairly own I
was not disinterested in wishing you here 1865 LivinGsTone
Zambesi xxii. 446 His disinterested kindness to us.. can
never be forgotten.
Disi‘nterestedly, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly .]
In a disinterested manner; impartially ; without
regard to self-interest ; unselfishly. -
171x Suartess. Charac. (1737) 1. 42 He, who is ever said
to do good the most disinterestedly. 1807 SoutHey Le/t.
(1856) II. 20 He knows the Arts well, and loves them dis-
interestedly. 1830 Foster in Life & Corr. (1846) II. 161
Devotedly and disinterestedly faithful. 1875 Hamrerton
Intell. Life u. iii. 64 How difficult it is to think out such
a problem disinterestedly.
Disinterestedness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.]
The quality of being disinterested ; impartiality ;
freedom from self-interest or selfish bias.
a 1682 Sir T. Browne (J.), These expressions of selfishness
and disinterestedness have been used in a very loose and
indeterminate manner. 1709 J. Jonnson in Ballard MSS.
(Bodl. Libr.) XV. 46 What I most admire him for is Dis-
interestedness. 1752 Jounson Rambler No. 196 ® 8 This
..gives firmness and constancy, fidelity and disinterested-
ness. 1866 Lippon Bampt. Lect. iv. (i875) 105 This dis-
interestedness, this devotion to the real interest of human-
kind. 1875 Jowett Plato III. 79 He can assume the dis-
guise of virtue or disinterestedness without having them.
Disinteresting, ///. a. [f. Dis- 10 + Iy-
TERESTING Afi, a., or f. DISINTEREST v. + -ING 2.]
Uninteresting ; causing lack of interest.
1737 WaArsurTON Let. to Birch in Boswell Yohnson (1887)
I. 29 A dull, heavy succession of long quotations of dis-
interesting passages. 1800 W. Taytor in Monthly Mag.
X. 319 The attempt. . produces on all the Disciples a similar
disinteresting effect. 18.. The Studio 111. 130 (Cent.) He
rarely paints a disinteresting subject.
Disinterestness, var. DIsINTERESSEDNESS. Ods.
Disinte'rment. [f Disinrer v. +-MENT.]
1. The action of disinterring ; exhumation.
1790 P. Neve (¢it/e) A Narrative of the Disinterment of
Milton’s Coffin. 1867 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) 1. App.
788 The disinterment of Harold’s body. 1872 Yeats Growth
Comm, 60 ‘Lhe disinterment of Pompeii and Herculaneum.
2. concr. The material result or product of dis-
interring ; something disinterred.
1825 W, TaycLor in Monthly Rev. CVI. 526 Among the
most curious disinterments are vases for heating water.
1841 D’Israett Amen, Lit., R. Crowley 11. 150 Our most
skilful delver into dramatic history, amidst his curious
masses of disinterments, has brought up this proclamation.
Disintertwivne, v. [Dis- 6.] ‘vans. To
bring out of an intertwined condition ; to untwist.
1861 Lytton & Fane Zannhduser 32 The carven archi-
DISJASKED.
trave, Whereon the intricate .. design Of leaf and stem
disintertwined itself. 1867 Gi.persLEEvE Ess. § Stud. (1890)
ein intricate compounds as ‘disintertwined ’.
isinthrall, Disinthrone: see D1sEn-.
Disintomb, obs. var. of DISENTOMB v.
1611 Fiorio, Disepelire, to vnburie, disintombe.
Disinto'ne, v. vare. [f. Dis- 6 + IntoNEv.]
trans. To deprive of ‘tone’, weaken, enfeeble.
1892 Voice (N. Y.) 14 July, Every brain habitually stimu-
lated by alcohol is more or less disintoned.
Disinto‘xicate, v. ? 0s. [Dis- 6.] ‘rans.
To free from intoxication; to restore to soberness.
1685 J. CHAMBERLAYNE Coffee Tea § Choc. 40 It disintoxi-
cates those that are fuddled.
Disintreat: see DISENTREAT.
Disi-ntricate, v. [f. Dis- 6+ Inrricate v.]
trans. To free from intricacy or complication ; to
Gisentangle, unravel, extricate.
1598 FLorio, Districare, to free. .to disintricate, tovntangle.
1611 Corer., Desmeslement .. a loossing..vnpestering, dis-
intricating. 1660 tr. Aseyraldus” Treat. conc. Relig. WM. iv.
371 The knowledge of the true God. .disintricated from the
confusion of so many false Deities. 1830 Sir W. HaMILTon
Discuss. (1852) 45 ‘Vo disintricate the question, by relieving
it of these two errors.
+Disinw re, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 6 + INURE v.]
trans. To deprive of use or practice; to disaccustom.
1613 Jackson Creed 1. 59 God .. dis-inuring his chosen
Israel from his wonted call. 1644 Mitton A reof. (Arb.) 65
We are hinder’d and dis-inur’d by this cours of licencing
towards the true knowledge of what we seem to know.
+ Disinvalidity. Os. [irreg. f. d7s-, otiose or
intensive (cf. Dis- 5) + Invauipity.] Invalidity.
1625 Br. Mountacu Aff. Cxsar i. iv. 136, 1 docall those
Some mens doctrines. . Private Opinions ; and so well may
I doe, in respect of the disinvalidity and disproportion of
them.
+ Disinveigle, v. Ods.rare. [D1s-6.] trans.
To free from inyeiglement.
1635 J. Haywarp tr. Bivndi's Banish'd Virg. 50 Nor had
he..beene yet disinveagled so soone as he was..but for the
Princesse..who. .shew’d him the false carde dealt him.
Disinvelope: see DISENVELOP.
Disinvernt, v. nonce-wd. [Dis-6.] trans. To
undo the invention of.
1868 Heirs Realmah xiv. (1876) 371, I would disinvent
telegraphic communication. /é¢d. 376 and 386.
Disinve'st, 7. [Dis- 6: cf. mod.F. dészx-
vestir.) trans. To deprive of that with which one
is invested ; to strip, divest (/7¢. and fy).
1630 Wapswortn /’/gr. iii. 12 They made me disinvest
my selfe of such prophane garments I had. a 1631 Drayton
Wks. 1. 270(Jod.) Having seen His disinvesting and disastrous
chance. 1645 W. Batt Sphere Govt. 13 By reposing or
granting such Trust, they doe not disinvest themselves of
their night naturall. 1882 A. Austin in Contemp. Rev.
Jan. 129 Not .. that larguage has of itself any spell to dis-
invest man, who employs it, of that dust of the ground
which enters so largely into his cc > osition. .
So Disinve'stiture, Disinve ~e, the action
of disinvesting or state of being disinvested.
1616 Court §& 7. Yas. [ (1849) I. 430 They rather think of
his disinvesture of his robe, and after to be questioned in
the Star Chamber. 1846 Worcester cites Vest, Rev. for
Disinvestiture.
Disinvi-gorate, v. vare. [Dis- 6.) trans.
To deprive of vigour, to enervate: the opposite of
invigorate,
1844 Syp. Smit Let. in Afenz. (1855) I. 518 This soft,
and warm, and disinvigorating climate.
+ Disinvita‘tion. 0s. [f. Dis- 9 + Invira-
TIoN.] The opposite of an invitation; an invitation
not to do something.
1654 Lp Orrery Parthenissa (1676) 502 Why do you..
give meso great a dis-invitation to obey you?
+ Disinvi'te, v.. Ods. [Dis- 6.] trans. To
do the opposite of inviting ; to retract or cancel an
invitation to. Hence Disinvisting ff/. a.
1580 Sipney Arcadia ut. 329 Casting a sideward look on
Zelmane, [he] made an imperious sign with a threatening
allurement (a dis-inviting cig of her) to follow. 1656
Finett For. Ambass. 143 (T.) I was upon his highness’s
intimation sent to disinvite them, 1665 J. SERGEANT Sure-
JSooting 27 Which would. .disinvite to a pursuit.
Disinvo'lve, v. [f. Dis- 6 + Invotve v.]
trans. To free from an involved condition ; to un-
fold; to disentangle. A
1611 Fiorio, Disinnolto, disintangled, disinuolued. 1632
Sir T. Hawkins tr. Mathieu’s Vnhappy Prosperitie 9 Other
inquisitions .. from which the most innocent hardly could
dis-involve themselves. 1647 Power of Keys ii. 12 False
illations .. which will all vanish ..and the truth be dis-
involved. 1742 Younc N?. Th. 1x. 260 To dis-involve the
moral world, and give ‘Io nature’s renovation brighter
charms,
Disinwrap, obs. var. of DISENWRAP v.
1611 Fiorio, Disuilluppare, to disinwrap.
Disione, var. of DissunE v. Obs.
Disjasked, -et, -it, A/a. Se. [According
to Jamieson ‘a corruption of dejected *: ef. Dis-
JECTED.] Broken down, dilapidated ; decayed. /7¢.
and fig. Also in comd.
1816 Scott Odd Mort. xii, ‘Tak the first broken disjasked-
looking road.’ 1822 GaLt Steamboat 261 (Jam.) In a very
disjaskit state, being both sore in lith and limb, and worn
out in my mind, 1830 — Laurie T. vu. viii. (1849) 336
Miss Beeny, not having been in bed all night, was in a most
disjasket state,
DISJECT.
Disject (disdzekt), v. [f. L. disyect-, ppl. stem
of am to Ww “asun T, scatter, ileperse, f.
dis-, Dis- 1 + sacére to throw: cf. also L. disjectare
freq.] trans. To cast or break asunder; to scatter,
disperse. Hence Disje'cted f/. a. separated by
force, dismembered.
1s8t Marseck Bk. of Notes 159 A Church most rightlie
instituted, which was afterward mise[ra]blie disiected and
seperated. 1647 Trapp Comm. Fas.i. 1 The Jews at this
day are a disjected and despised people. — Xev.xvi.1 By
the earth-quake disjected and dissipated. a, berg mie
Scorr Lect. Archit. 11. 322 My lecture... the last of m
long but disjected series. 1893 Law Yimes XCV. 54/1
That branch of the Profession elects to remain disjected,
a profession of units without common interests, without
cohesion. 1894 G. ALLEN in West, Gaz. 22 May 1/3 To
tear his present critic limb from limb..and then to dance a
stately. .carmagnole over the disjected members.
Disjecta membra. /aé. hr. An alteration
of Horace’s disjecti membra poeta ‘limbs of a dis-
membered poet’, used = Scattered remains.
1722 Pore Lett. (1737) 250 (Stanf.) You call’d ’em an
Horatian cento and then I recollected the disyecti membra
poetae. 1754 H. Watcpore Left. (+857) If. 41x (Stanf.)
Shake those words all together, and see if they can be any-
thing but the disjecta membra of Pitt. 1872 C. Kine
Mountain. Sierra Nev. ix. 186 The savant to whose tender
mercies these disjecta membra have been committed.
Disjection (disdzekfan). [ad. L. disjection-
em, n, of action f. disjicére, to DISJECT : see -TION.]
The action of throwing asunder; the fact or con-
dition of being scattered ; forcible dispersion, rout.
1735 J. Atkins Voy. Guinea 148 Then like a Cannon in
roportion to these, the disjection is with more or less
iolence, producing Thunder. a 1806 Br. Horstey Brdlical
Crit. 1V. 395 (L.) The sudden disjection of Pharaoh's host.
1837 CartyLe /r. Rev. us iii. vil. ‘These days of convulsion
and disjection. ,
Disjeune, var. DisJuNE, Sc., breakfast.
i (disdzoi‘n), v. Also 5 des-. [ME.
des-, distoyne, a. OF. desjoign-, pres. stem of desjoin-
dre, mod.F. déjotndre = Pr. desjonher, lt. disgiugn-
ere:—L. disjungére, f. Dis- 4 +jungére to JOIn.]
1. ¢rvans. To undo the joining of ; to put or keep
asunder ; to disunite, separate, sunder, part, Sever:
a. persons, places, things, actions, etc.
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 257/4 We wold haue disioyned
yow and haue drowned yow. 1 — Curiall1, 1am there
where the places and affayres desioyne vs. 1§14 BarcLay
Cyt. & Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) p. xxxii, The smell and
tasting partly conjoyned be, And part ee 1601 R.
Jounson Keng. & Commrw. (1603) 212 Deserts and ..
mountaines disjoyning the provinces. 1612 WoopaLt Surg.
Mate Wks. (1653) 149 The first Intention. .is performed by
restoring the bones disjoyned. c 1694 Prior Celia to Damon
114 Shall neither time, nor age our souls disjoin? 1864
A. McKay Hist. Kilmarnock 134 The two parishes were
disjoined in 1642.
absol. 15947. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. i, 283 It is the
nature of this enemy of mankind to scatter, to disioyne and
separat. a@1683 OtpHam Wks. & Rem. (1686) 122 That
cruel word for ever must disjoyn, Nor can I hope, but thus,
to have him mine.
b. one thing, person, action, etc. (from another).
1525 Lp. Berners /roiss. II. cc. (R.) They sayde, they
wolde not disioyne nor disceuer them from the crowne, 1581
Savite Zacilus’ Hist. u. \wiii. (1591) 87 Spaine being dis-
ioyned from it [Africa] by a narrow strayte. 160% SHAKS.
Ful. C. u. i. 18 Th’ abuse of Greatnesse, is, when it dis-
ioynes Remorse from Power. 1741 Mivpteton Cicero I.
iv. 271 Our knights are now almost disjoined again from
the Senate. 1865 M. Arnotp &ss. Crit. ii. (1875) 77 [He]
never disjoins banter itself from politeness.
+ 2. To separate into parts or sections; to disjoint.
1§79 Furxe Heskins’ Parl. 367 Although M. Heskins
hath disioyned this place.,I haue set it down. entire. 1598
Frorio, Slombare .. to disioyne as a butcher doth a sheepe.
1612 Brinstey Pos. Parts (1669) 134 Latine phrases which
cannot fitly be disjoyned are to be taken together:
3. To sunder, dissolve, break up (a state or con-
dition of union) ; to undo, unfasten (a knot or tie).
1633 Marmion Fine Companion, v, Knots of compliment,
which the least occasion disjoins. 1643 Mitton Divorce
viii. (1851) 42 That mariage therfore God himself dis-joyns.
1695 Biackmore Pr, Arth. u. 70 Their short Embraces
some rude Shocks disjoyn. 1738 GLover Leonidas v. 617
All with headlong pace. . Disjoin their order.
+4. fig. To put out of joint, unhinge. Ods. rare.
@ 1633 Lennarp tr. Charron's Wisd 1, xvi. § 2 (1670) 62
Gallus Vibius .. so dislodged and dis-joyned his own judg-
ment, that he could never settle it again,
5. intr. (for ref.) To separate or sever oneself
from a state of union or attachment; to part, be-
come separate: a. said of two or more.
1622 Catiis Stat, Sewers (1647) 167 If one of them die,
that Action shall survive, for though they were joynt in the
personalty, yet they disjoyned in the realty. 1699 Garru
Dispens, 1. (1706) 42 So Lines that from their Parallel
decline, More they advance, the more they still dis-join.
@ 1713 Extwoop Autobiog. (1765) 268 They, hopeless now..
disjoined, and one of them fled the country.
b. said of one thing parting from another.
1gs92 Suaxs. Ven. §& Ad. 541 Till breathlesse he disioynd,
and backward drew. g oe Spec. M. (1670) 90 Being
of clammy nature, it disjoyneth not, but sticketh fast.
Hence Disjoi-ning vé/. sb. and Ppl. a.
1530 Patscr, 214/2 Disjoynyng, disjunction. 1615 G.
Sanpys 7rav. 21 Two not farre disioyning vallies. a 164:
W. Cartwricut Lady Errant w. iv, This disjoyning of
bodies only is to knit your hearts. 1741 A. Monro Anat.
(ed. 3) 192 They may.. yield to a disjoining Force, 1794
462
Sutuvan View Nat. 1. 26 The meeting or disjoining of
natures.
Disjoin, obs. f. Dissunz, Sc., breakfast.
oined, #//. a. [f. prec. + -ED1.] Dis-
united, separated, ed, etc.: see prec. vb.
1594 Soutuwett M. Magd. Fun. Teares 88 These dis-
pee eo a 1626 Bacon Max. & Uses Com, Law
ref. (1636) 4 This delivering of knowledge in distinct and
-— es. 1790 Pennant London (R.) Wind-
mill-street consists of disjoined h
Hence + Disjoi‘nedly adv. Ods., separately, dis-
junctly.
1571 Dicces Paxtom. 1, xx. Fivb, If magnitudes
disioynedly or seperatly be proportionall, Ramiges 4
or compounded, they shall also bee proportionall.
T. Spencer Logick 245 Perpetuall life, and death at last,
are attributed to Saul..neither of them distinctly, but both
disjoynedly.
oiner. vare. [f.as prec.+-ER1.] One
who or that which disjoins.
1654 Z. Coxe Logick (1657) 10 This disjunction of parts
must be such a disjoyner which mensurates the whole.
+ Disjoi-nt, sb. Obs. [a. OF. desjointe, dis-
jointe separation, division, rupture (Godef.) :—L.
type *dzsyuncta, fem. sb. from disjunctus pa. pple.,
analogous to sbs. in -afa, -ada, -ade, F. -ée: see
-ADE. This takes the place in part of L. disjunctio.]
A disjointed or out-of-joint condition ; a position of
perplexity or difficulty ; a dilemma, ‘fix’.
¢ 1374 Cuaucer Troylus ut. 447 (496) What wyght pat
stont in swych disioynte. 1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 1.v, And
thus amiddes of ihe of these twaine Of loue and shame
euen so vpon the poynt Medea stode as tho in great dis-
joynt. 1494 Fasyan Chron. vil. 309 The which [warre], at
that tyme, was in suche dhapipites hat he cowde not brynge
it to any frame. 1553 Douglas’ Aineis xu. xiii. 30 Thou
mycht quhil now haue cachit at disioynt [MS. 1513 disiunct]
The sylly Troianis baith be se and land
+ Disjoint, #//. 2. Obs. [a. OF. desjotnt (:—
L. disjunct-us), pa. pple. of desjoindre to Disso1n.]
1. Disjointed, out of joint ; disconnected.
c1420 Pallad. on Hush. vit. 164 That sensis spille or
pointe disjoynt be therynne Is not my wille. 1602 SHaks.
Ham, 1, ii. 20 Thinking by our late pate Brothers death,
Our State to be disioynt, and out of Frame. a1717 ParNete
David (Seager), My bones.. Disjoint with anguish.
In a dilemma, in a difficult position. (Cf.
DIsJoINnT 56.)
c 1800 Lancelot 2907 For well 3he se the perell, how dis-
io{iJnt The adwentur now stondith one the point Boith of
my lord his honore, and his lond.
. Disjoined, separated ; separate.
1589 Ive Forti. 37 Because of it [=its] disioint standing
from the wall which causeth sharpnes. 1649 MILTon
Eitkon. iv. (1851) 359 Carrying on a disjoynt and privat
interest of his own. 1 H. More Myst. Godliness 31
The disjoint and independent particles of Matter.
b. quasi-adv. Apart, asunder.
¢ 1430 Pilger. Lyf Manhode u. cx\viii. (1869) 135 The sawe
is cleped Hayne [hatred]; bi which disioynct is ysawed the
onhede of bretherhede.
Disjoint (disdzoint), v. Also 6-7 -ioinct
[orig. f. Dissornr Af/. a. (cf. -aTE 3); but in some
uses treated asf. Jornt sb.]
1. trans. To put out of joint; to disturb, destroy
the due connexion and orderly arrangement of ; to
dislocate, wrench, dismember. (Cf. D1sJoinT a. 1.)
¢ Pallad. on Husb, 1. 873 Thi wortes that the wermes
not disyoint [destruant]. 1541 R. Copcanp Guydon's Quest.
Chirurg., Vpon the rybbes & lyke bones for to reduce and
retourne them in to theyr places, whan they are broken or
dysioynted, 1605 Campen Kem. (1637) 72 Giles, is miser-
ably disjoynted from A®gidius, as Gillet from A®gidia, by
the Fisnch: 1648 SANDERSON Serm. II, 226 If our spirits
.. be shattered and dis-joynted, through distrust in God.
1860 Pusey Min. Proph. 347 Selfishness .. disjpints the
whole frame of society. a@ 1862 Buckie Civils. (1869) III.
vy. 377 The framework of affairs would be disjointed.
+b. fig. To distract. Oés.
1628 Earte Microcosm., Meere Formall Man (Arb.) 30
He is not disiointed with other Meditations. _
ec. fig. To throw the parts (of anything) out of
orderly connexion ; to dislocate.
1638 Cuiiincw. Relig. Prot. 1. vi. § 44. 364 Your dis-
course upon this point, you have .. disjoynted, and given
us the grounds of it in the begining of the Chapter, and
the superstructure .. in the end. 1770 Gisnon Misc. Wks.
(1814) IV. 504 It is .. disagreeable ..to observe a lyric
writer of taste ,. disjointing the order of his ideas. 1834
H. N. Cotrrince Grk. Poets (ed. 2) 55 Their collocation
having. bese disjointed by time,
2. To disjoin, disunite.
1583 STanynurst Aeneis 11. (Arb) 83 The sea .. rusht in
.. Italye disioyncting with short streicts from Sicil Island,
160r Br, W. Bartow Defence 126 The elect members of
Christ can never be disjointed from him. 1650 Futter
Pisgah u. vii. 164 Except .. some part of Asher lay south.
ward at distance, dis-jointed from the main body of that
Tribe. 1759 Hist. in Ann, Reg. pe According as it is
possessed by the English or the French, [it] connects or
disjoints the colonies of Canada and Louisiana. 1775 T.
oe Let, Writ. 1892 1. 484 Great Britain, disjointed
rom her colonies. 1851 Rosertson Ser, Ser, 1, xi. 134
Unite these all and then you have the Reformation ..
joint them and then you have some miserable sect.
3. To separate joint from joint; to take in pieces
at the joints.
1587 Harmar Beza's Serm, 384 (T.) As for his coach..he
would not only have it tobe unharnissed as I said. . but also
unpinned, disjointed, and pulled asunder. reer
Poems (1864) 44 Like wat by-unskilfull men Disjoynted,
- DISJUNCT.
and set ill againe. Lytron Exgene A. 1. ix, cor-
absol. eps Oraen Start. Ho. ara A ered Caer ae
up, disjoints, uncases
4. intr. (for refl.) To be disjointed; to suffer
dislocation ; to go out of joint ; to come in pieces.
1605 Suaxs. Macé. 11. ii. 16 Let the frame of things dis-
joynt. 1888 Harper's Mag. Apr. 74% A hundred é
L Modieatt ison eenlee oat ches weg of
things distor + 303 lena has
1612 Woopatt Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 1 aijoyntng
of the bones. 41715 Burnet Own Time (1823) 3. $46 —
jointing of the mortar.
oimnted, ppl.a. [f. prec. +-ED 1.
1. Separated joint from joint; disj > -
ated ; disconnected.
a 1643 G. Sanpys ¥ob 45 (T.) Be .. their disjointed bones
to powder gi d Contempl. State of Man 1. vi.
(1699) 69 Consider. .the disjoynted disposition of the Bones.
1700 Drypen Fables, Ceyx § Alcyone 27, 1 saw a-drift dis-
jointed planks. 1726 Leoni Adberti’s Archit. I. 12/1 Dis-
y d and unfinished Memb 1767 Brac Comm.
UL. 379 That the construction be made upon the entire
deed, and not merely upon disjointed parts of it. 1840
F. D. Bensetr Whaling Voy. Il. 191 Some of these
[casks] are kept in a disjointed state .. ready to be put
together. Hatt Caine Deemster xxxvii. 247 A little
disjointed gipsy encampment of mud-built tents.
2. Consisting of separated or ill-connected parts;
disconnected.
1652-62 Heviin Cosmogr. m1. (1682) 96 A dis-joynted
People, not under any setled form of Government. 1
Rosertson Chas. V. 11. x. 258 He felt already .. that he
was the head of a disjointed body. 1838 THixtwatt Greece
II. 188 The huge frame of the Persian empire was disjointed
and unwieldy.
3. Of words or a discourse: Without proper con-
nexion or sequence ; disconnected ; incoherent.
a 1586 Sipnxy (J.', The constancy of your wit was not
wont to bring forth such disjointed speeches. 1614 JACKSON
Creed 1. [v] 30 Vpon such broken disioincted surmises.
1817 Eart or Duptey Lett. 3 June (1840) 169 His argument
.. seems loose and disjointed. 1843 Lever ¥. Hinton xiii,
Our conversation dropped into b disjointed
Hence Disjoi‘ntedly adv., Disjoi-ntedness.
1654 Lp. Orrery Parthenissa (1676) 505 The disorders and
disjointed of his di: se. 1749 Phil. Trans. XLVI.
134 You remark in all their Actions .. a Disjointedness.
5 Ruskin Fors Clav. xi. 19, 1 must pass, disjointedly,
to matters, which, in a written letter, would have been
put in a postscript. Mark Twain (Clemens) /#noc.
Abr, xii. 85 We talked disjointedly.
Disjoi-ntly, av. [f. Dissornt a. +-1¥,]
1. Separately, asunder, apart; disjunctly: opp.
to conjotntly.
M. Sannys Prudence 6 (T.) When they are perfect,
then are they joined ; but, disjointly, no way can they be
eat oa 1880 Muirneap Gaius u. § 199 If the same thing
legated by vindication to two or more pees, whether
conjointly or disjointly, they take each a s!
2. Disjointedly, Seenecanr: rare.
r6ar Haxewitt King Davids Vow Aija, Discourses which
were delivered disiointly and by pe | t Argosy
Jan. 10 ‘ Let it come out—she can’t shoot me,’ disjointly
muttered Mr, Arthur.
isjointure. [f. Dissornt v. + -URE, after
Jointure. Cf. OF. desjointure (in Godef.).] The
state of being disjointed ; disconnexion, separation.
1757 Conway Left. in Fraser's Mag. (1850) XLI. 424
There is more disjointure to our affairs. .than any coalition
of our ministers can retrieve. 1879 Tourcre Fool's Err.
xix. 104 The disjointure of opinion between them and the
Yankee schoolmarms was all b the latter wanted to
measure them by Northern ideas of these virtues.
Disjone, -joon, obs. ff. Dissunx, Sc., breakfast.
+ Disjou'rn, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 1 +stem of
adjourn.) trans. To put off from the day ap-
inted,
1642 Str W. Brereton in 13th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm.
App. i. 51 If this meeting had not unhappily disjourned
disappointed by some of the Deputy Lieutenants. /did.
52 Whereof vdge, nag sont ot them disj i }
+ Disjudge, v. Ods. [f. Dis- + Jup@x.
To deprive of or remove from the office of —
zee [ses Disyustice}. 1658 State Trials, Dr. F. Hewet
(R.) Al peached of high-
the rest of the Judges .. were .. im i
treason, disjudg’d and put to fines and ransoms.
(Disjudication, error for Diyupication, See
List of Spurious Words.)
+ Di'sjugate, v. Obs. rare—°.
1656 BLount Glossogr., Disjugate, to di , part, sever.
+ unet, Sc. Latinized form of Dissornt sé.
1513 Dovctas 42neis xu. xiii. 30 [See Disjoner sé.]}.
Digjenct (disdgv'nkt), a. [ad. L. dé'sjunct-us
pa. pple, of disjungére to disjoin. Cf, Dissomnta.
1. Disjoined, disconnected, separated, separate,
distinct; + distant. (Now rare exc. in technical
senses: see also ee iad ae ex
N Lent Fa
Nertich nit is ‘inn Se ae "662 GLanviLt
Lux Orient. vii. (R.) The divine .. freedome consists not
in his acting by meer arbitrarious will, as disjunct from his
other attributes. 1688 R. Hotme Armoury 1. 356/2 The
Side Rest is a Rest disjunct from the Lathe, 1774 M.
Mackenzie Maritime Surv. p. xvi, A Disjunct Survey is,
DISJUNCTED.
when. the Harbours, Bays, or Islands .. are each surveyed
separately in a geometrical Manner. 1817 N. Drake Shaks.
I. 56, 3 quatrains with 2 verses of immediate, interposed
between 2 verses of disjunct rhime, and a terminating couplet.
1890 J. H. Stirtinc Philos. & Theol. iv, 60 That congeries
of externalities, mere disjunct atoms,
b. Zutom. Having the head, thorax, and abdo-
men separated by deep incisions.
+2. Math. (Opp. to Consuncr a. 5): =Dis-
CONTINUOUS,
Disjunct proportion: a proportion in which the second
and third terms have not the same ratio (or difference) as
the first and second, or the third and fourth, Ods.
Biunpevit Z-rerc. 1. xviii. 42 Disiunct proportion
Geometricall .. is when there is not like proportion betwixt
the second and the third, that is betwixt the first and the
second, or betwixt the third and the fourth, as 3, 6, 4, 8.
Mortey /xtrod. Mus, Annot. 1706 [see Discrete 2b].
Mus. (Opp. to Congunct a. 6.)
D. tetrachords, tetrachords separated by an interval of
atone. D, motion, motion by intervals exceeding a degree
of the scale..
1694 W. Hotper Harmony (1731) 97 Tetrachords .. were
either Conjunct, when they began the Second Tetrachord
at the Fourth Chord .. Or else the two Tetrachords were
disjunct, the second taking its beginning at the Fifth Chord,
there being always a Tone Major between the Fourth and
Fifth Chords. 1774 Burney Hist. Mus. (1789) I. i. 54
When the modulation passed from a conjunct to a disjunct
tetrachord. 1879 Rockstro in Grove Dict. Mus. II. 88 He
[Biordi] has sect the diminished fourth in disjunct motion.
4. Logic, etc. +a, =DIssuNcTIVE a. 2. Obs.
b. =DiscreteE a. 1d. ¢. Applied to the several
alternative members of a disjunctive proposition.
1608-11 Br. Hatt Z/ist. 1. iii, Gregory the Third, writing
to the Bishops of Bauaria, gives this disjunct charge: ‘ Let
none keepe an harlot or a concubine; but either let him
liue chastely, or marry a wife.’ 1628 T. Spencer Logick
300 A compound Syllogisme is then disiunct, when the pro-
position thereof is a disiunct axiome. 1656 STANLEY //ist.
Philos. Vii. (1701) 312/1 A disjunct axiom is that which is
disjoyned, by a disjunctive conjunction ; as, either it is day,
or it is night. 1837-8 Sir W. Hamicton Lagic xii. (1860)
I. 224 Notions co-ordinated in the quantity or whole of
extension .. are only relatively different (or diverse); and
in logical language, are properly called Disjunct or Discrete
Notions, (notiones dijunctz, discretz). 1864 BowEN Logic
vii. 218 The Subsumption is a Disjunctive of which these
several Antecedents are the Disjunct Members.
+ Disju‘ncted, #//.a. Ods. [f. as prec. +
-ED.] Disjoined, disconnected.
a 1650 May Satir. Puppy (1657) 40 Farewell Poetry; thou
trim Composer of disjuncted Sense.
Disjunction (dis\dgankfon). [a. OF. dzsjenc-
tion (13th c. in Godef.), or ad. L. disjunction-em
separation, n. of action f. disjungére to DisJoIN.]
1. The action of disjoining or condition of being
disjoined ; separation, disconnexion, disunion. (The
opposite of CoNJUNCTION 1.)
Disjunction certificate, one given to a church member
when he leaves to join another church. (Scotland.)
1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 322 Pe firste boon of be necke. .
disiunccioun of pat boon wole sle a man anoon. c¢1430
Lyne. Bochas v. xiv. (1554) 132a, To make a disiunction
Betwene these landes. 1580 SIDNEY Arcadia Iv. (r590) 430
When they made the greevous disjunction of their long
combination. 1653 H. More Asp. Axntid. (1662) 184
Death being .. isjunction of the Soul from the Body.
1798 Hist. in Ann. Reg. 51 A total disjunction .. between
the respective concerns of the church and the state. 1852
Dana Crust. 11. 1124 The frequent disjunction and remote-
ness of the two superior [eyes]. 1864 A. McKay Hist.
Kilmarnock 131 After the disjunction of the new parish.
2. Logic, etc. The relation of the several terms
of a disjunctive proposition ; hence, a disjunctive
proposition or statement ; an alternative.
1588 Fraunce Lawiers Log. u. vii. 95 b, If the disjunction
or separation bee true absolutely. .without any thirde thing
put betweene, then the whole axiome is true and necessary.
1630 RaNnDoLpH A ey ood Wks. (1875) 7 Hippathi, hip-
pathi, aut disce, aut discede incontinenter—a very good
disjunction. 1653 H. More Axtid. Ath. 1. iv. (1712) 15 If
you make choice of the other Member of the Disjunction.
1794 Patey Evid. 1. iii. (1817) 56, 1 am entitled to contend
that one side or other of the followitig disjunction is true.
1864 Bowen Logic vii. 219 The nature of a Disjunction is,
that any one of the Disjunct Members exists, or is posited,
only by the non-existence, or sublation, of all the others,
ence Disju‘nctionist, one who leaves a church
in order to form a new congregation.
1872 J. S. Jeans Western Worthies 735 Dr. Buchanan
should accompany the disj ionists to the new church.
Disjunctive (dis\dzonktiv), a. and sb. [ad.
L, disjunctivus, f. disjunct-us Dissunct, DisJoInt:
see -IVE. Cf. F. disyonctif (desjointif in 13th c.).]
adj
A. adj.
1, Having the property of disjoining or discon-
necting; characterized by or involving disjunction
or separation.
1s7o Levins Manip. 153/31 Disiunctiue, disiunctiuus.
1658 7 Norris Pract. Disc. (1707) IV. 83 Since the original
Law did not admit of a Mediator, as not being Disjunctive.
I Kirwan Elem. Min, (ed. 2) I. 371 The disjunctive
c ters..in the description of the original species. 1813
J. Tuomson Lect. /nflam. 367, 3dly, In the separation
of dead or mortified parts from those which retain their
vitality. .to distinguish this from the other modes of morbid
absorption, it might be termed the disjunctive,
b. Sevens to joining or uniting.
-@1711 Grew (J.), Such principles, whose atoms are of that
disjunctive nature, as not to be united in a sufficient number
to make a visible mass,
463
2. Logic, etc. Involving a choice between two
(or more) things or statements ; alternative.
Disjunctive proposition, a proposition in which it is as-
serted that one or other of two (or more) statements is true.
Disjunctive syllogism, a syllogism in which the major
premiss is disjunctive, and the inference depends on the
alternation of its terms: sometimes loosely extended to any
syllogism containing a disjunctive premiss.
1584 Fenner Def. Ministers (1587) 39 This section begin-
neth with a disiunctive Sillogisme. @1628 Preston New
, Covt. (1630) 542 A disiunctive proposition is true .. if either
part be true. 1725 Watts Logic 11. ii. § 5 A disjunctive
syllogism is when the major proposition is disjunctive : as,
the earth moves in a circle or an ellipsis; but it does not
move in a circle; therefore it moves in an ellipsis. 1847
Grote Greece 1. lii. (1862) 1V. 445 His promise was dis-
junctive—that they should be either so brought home, or
slain. 1887 FowLer Deductive Logic . v. 113 If [two
propositions or sets of propositions] be dissociated, so that
the truth of one depends on the falsity of the other, and
the falsity of one on the truth of the other, the complex
proposition may be called Disjunctive. /ééd. 116 A Dis-
Junctive Syllogism is a syllogism of which the major pre-
miss is a disjunctive, and the minor a simple proposition,
the latter affirming or denying one of the alternatives stated
in the former. 1891 WELTON Logic I. i. 209, 210 margin,
Logicians differ as to whether or not the disjunctive form
necessitates the mutual exclusiveness of the alternative predi-
cates., When the alternatives are not incompatible they are
not exclusive. Exclusion is not, therefore, due to the dis-
junctive form of proposition. ;
3. Gram. Applied to conjunctions that express
an alternative or imply some kind of adversative
relation between the clauses which they grammati-
cally connect.
With the earlier grammarians the division of Conjunctions
into Copulative and Disjunctive was made a main one.
It is, however, of grammatical importance (see quot. 1824)
only in the Coordinative Conjunctions, of which axd is
Copulative, while the Alternative ov, zor, and the Adversa-
tive dut, yet, are Disjunctive. Of the Susordinative Con-
junctions, the Causal dest, the Hypothetical zx/ess, and the
Concessive a/though, are also disjunctive in sense; but in
their grammatical use these do not differ from the Copulative
that, if, because, as, since.
1628 ‘I’. Spencer Logick 244 That axiome is disiunct, whose
band isa disiunctiue Coniunction. 1751 Harris //ermes Wks.
(1841) 189 Now we come to the disjunctive conjunctions, a
species of words which bear this contradictory name, because,
while they disjoin the sense, they conjoin the sentences.
1776 Camppett Philos. Rhet. I. ut. v. § x Both the last
mentioned orders [Adversative and Exceptive Conjunc-
tions] are comprehended under the general name disjunctive.
1824 L. Murray Lng. Gram. (ed. 5) I. 229 ‘he conjunction
disjunctive has an @ffect contrary to that of the conjunction
copulative ; for as the verb, noun, or pronoun, is referred
to the preceding terms taken separately, it must be in the
singular number : as, ‘ Ignorance or negligence has caused
this mistake’.
In French Grammar, sometimes applied to the ‘adirect
nominative (and objective) case of the personal pronouns
(moi, tot, dut, eu.c) as distinguished from the direct nomina-
tive (je, ¢2, 22, i/s', called in this nomenclature conjunctive.
4. Math, (See quot.)
1853 Sytvester in Phil, Trans. CXLIII. 1. 544 A dis-
junctive equation is a relation between two sets of quantities
such that each one of either set is equal according to some
unspecified order of connexion with one of the other set.
. 50.
1. a. Logic. A disjunctive proposition: see A. 2.
Hence generally, b. A statement or condition of
affairs involving a choice between two or more
statements or courses ; an alternative. e@. Phr.
the disjunctive: in an alternative form or sense ;
disjunctively. (Cf. AF. ev disjointe, par disjointe,
Britton II. 354, 358.)
1533, More Dedell. Salem Wks. 943/1 To the verity of
a disiunctiue, it suffiseth any one part to be tru. 1569
Asp. Parker Corr, (1853) 352 The words of the Injunction
(which were once a disjunctive, but by the printer made a
copulative [ov being changed to and)). 1614 Bacon To the
King 7 Feb. (R.), Your Majesty .. very wisely put in a dis-
junctive, that the judges should deliver an opinion privately,
either to my Lord Chancellor, or to ourselves. 1725 Watts
Logic u. ii. § 6 The Truth of Disjunctives depends on the
y and i diate Opposition of the Parts. 1818
Cruise Digest (ed. 2) VI. 105 ‘he clause was to be construed
in the disjunctive; viz. either by will, codicil, &c., or by
wey eee before three witnesses. 1864 Bowen Logic
v. 131 Disjunctives are reduced ., to as many Categoricals
as there are disjunct members of the Predicate. Thus,—A
is either B or C=
{ All those A which are not B are C, and
All those 4 which are not C are B.
2. Gram. A disjunctive conjunction: see A. 3.
1530 Patscr. 148 Some [conjunctions] be disjunctives.
1574 tr. Littleton's Tenures 138 b, In such woordes where
the heire demaundeth the heritage or mariage of his mother,
this worde [‘or’] is a disjunctive. 175: Harris Hermes u1.
ii, Wks. (1841) 187 The conjunction 0”, though it join the
sentences, yet, as to their respective meanings, is a perfect
disjunctive, 1824 L. Murray £ng.Gram. (ed. 5) 1. 229 When
a disjunctive occurs between a singular noun..and a plural
one, the verb is made to agree with the plural noun .. as,
‘ Neither poverty nor riches were injurious to him’.
+ 3. One who favours disjunction ; a separatist.
1602 Warner AJ), Eng. xu. Ixxii. (1612) 299 Disiunctiues,
who. .lesse loue their Prince than Pope.
+4. pl. Disjoined or disconnected things. Ods.
1627-77 FectHam Resolves u1. iv. 167 God himself is Truth;
and never meant to make the Heart and Tongue disjunctives.
Disju'nctively, adv. [f. prec. + -ty*.] In
a disjunctive manner or sense; separately ; alter-
natively ; adversatively ; not in combination.
1590 SWINBURNE Test ts 182 Although the
DISK.
bee appointed alternatiuely, or disiunctiuely .. both the
persons are to bee admitted executors. 1624 Fiswer in
F. White Reply to Fisher 494 Except you eate and drinke,
is to be vnderstood disiunctiuely, Except you eate the
flesh or drinke the bloud. 1768-74 Tucker L?. Nat. (1852)
I. 65, I cannot answer the question so generally proposed,
but must give my opinion disjunctively. 1824 L. Murray
Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) I. 227 When singular pronouns .. are
disjunctively connected, the verb must agree with that
aie which is placed nearest to it: as, ‘I or thou art to
lame’. 1891 WELTON Logic iv. v. 447 [In a Dilemma] the
major [premise] contains a plurality either of antecedents
or of consequents, which are either disjunctively affirmed,
or disjunctively denied, in the minor.
+ Disjunctly, av. [f. Dissuncr a.+-Ly 2.]
Disconnectedly, separately, as disjoined. Oés.
1649 Roserts Clavis Bibl. Introd. iii. 52 Christ speaks ..
of bearing witnesse to himself disjunctly and solely without
the Father. 1650 Baxter Saints’ R. 1. ii. § 3 If considered
dis-junctly by themselves. 1706 [see DiscrETELy).
Disju‘ncture. fad. med.L. disjunctiira, f.
disjungére, disgunct-: cf. OF. desjointure, -joinc-
ture (Godef.), and JuNcTURE.]
1. The fact of disjoining or condition of being
disjoined ; disjunction ; separation, breach.
cxg00 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 63 Panne brynge togidere be
brynkis [in a wound] eiber be disiuncture. 1611 Fiorio
Discontinuita, a disiuncture. 1639 Worron in Xelig.
477. (R.) The departure of my.. on neice, your long,
and I dare say, your stil beloved consort... as well
appeareth by your many tender expressions of that disjunc-
ture. a1679 T. Goopwin IWVks. LL. 1v. 347 (R.) Those
bruises, disjunctures, or brokenness of bones.
Jig. A juncture or condition of affairs involv-
ing disunion; a perplexed or disjointed state of
things. (Cf. Dissornt sé.)
1683 Cave Lcclesiastici 225 Basil..was at a loss, how
to behave himself in this dis-juncture of Affairs. 1830 £r-
aminer 260/2 At this juncture, or rather disjuncture, the
contested demesnes are purchased. 1865 CARLYLE Fredh.
Gt. VILL. xix. viii, 268 Friedrich .. foresaw, in case of such
disjunctures in Italy, good likelihood of quarrel there.
Disjune (disdzzn), sb. Chiefly Sc., arch.
Forms: 5-7 disione, 6 desiune, disjoin, -joyn,
dischone, 7 disjoon, 6-9 disjune, 9 disjeune.
[a. OF. desjen, -jerin (mod.F. dial. déjan), f. des-
juner, jetliner (mod.F. adéjeiner) to break fast,
breakfast, f. des-, dé (De- 1. 6) + jetin :—L. jojiin-
us fasting.]
The first meal of the day; break fast.
1491 St. Giles Charters (185) p. xx, And than to pas to
their disione. 1549 Comp/. Scot. vi. 43 Eftir there disiune,
tha began to talk of grit myrrynes. ¢1565 Linpesay (Pit-
scottie) Chron. Scot. (1728) 140 That he might go to his bed
the sooner, and have his disjoin ready by four hours. 1589
[see DejEuNE]. 1599 NasHEe Lenten Stuffe in Hard. Misc.
(1808-12) VI. 168 (D.) For a disjune or morning breakfast.
1600 in A. Bisset Ess. Hist. Truth vy. (1871) 203 This
deponer desired Maister Alexander to dischone with him.
1603 PAilotus xx, And bid your page in haist prepair, For
your disjone sum daintie fair. 1706 in Watson Coélect. 1.
54, I trow ye cry for your disjoon. 1816 Scott O. Mort. iii,
King Charles, when he took his disjune at Tillietudlem.
1827 Tennant Pafistry Storm'’d 51 Tak’ your disjeunes
afore you gang! 1847 De Quincey Was. (1863) XIII. 110.
+ Disjune, v. Sc. Ods. [a. OF. desjuner: see
prec. sb.] zr. To breakfast.
1536 BELLENDEN Cron, Scot. (1821) I. p. lv, Thay disjunit
airly in the morning.
+ Disjungible, 2. Ods. [f. L. disjung-tre to
DIsJoIN + -IBLE.] Capable of being disjoined or
separated.
1676 H. More Remarks 70 More easily disjungible than
Air it self.
+ Disjust, v. Obs. rare—°. = Disapgust.
1611 Cotcr., Desruner, to disorder, disiust, peruert.
+ Disjustice, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 7 b+ Justice]
To deprive of the office of Justice of the Peace.
1603 in 14th Rep. Hist. MSS.Comm. App. viii. 79 To dis-
justice..Mr. Edw. Dynnys. 31621 Crt. & 7 isnes Fas. I (1849)
II. 233 He is disjusticed, and made incapable of holding any
office hereafter, 1649 PrynNne Vind. Liber'y Engl. 10 To
dis-judge, dis-justice or dis-committee their fellow Judges,
Justices and Committee-men.
Disk, disc (disk). [ad. L. dzsc-as, a. Gr. dion-
os quoit, dish, disk: cf. F. drsgue, (1556).
The earlier and better spelling is disk, but there is a ten-
dency to use dsc in some scientific senses (not in the
botanical, 5 a, b).] E . ;
1. The Discus or quoit used in ancient Greek
and Roman athletic exercises; the game played
with this. Ods. exc. Hist. (Cf. Disu sé. II.)
1715-20 Pore //iad 1. 941 In empty air their sportive
jav'lins throw, Or whirl the disk. 1727-5r CuamBers Cycd.,
Disc or Disk, Discus, in antiquity, a kind of round quoit..
about a foot over, used by the antients in their exercises.
1728 Newton Chronol. Amended 36 The Disc was one of
athe five games called the Quinquertium. 179x CowPER
Iliad u. 948 His soldiers hurled the disk or bent the bow.
1835 Tuirtwatt Greece I. viii. 329 He could run, leap,
wrestle, hurl the disk. 1876 DowpEN Poems 67 In manage
of the steed Or shooting the swift disc. :
2. A thin circular plate of any material.
1803 Med. ¥rni. X. 26 Volta constructed a pile made u
of disks of different metals with layers of cloth interposed.
1827 Farapay Chem, Manip. xxiii. 568 Clipping fragments
of plate glass into circular discs. — Lussock Preh,
Times vi. (1878) 283 A small oval disk of white sandstone.
1872 Ruskin Eagle's N. § 224 The shield [is] a disk of
leather, iron fronted. 1881 Greener Gun 198 Allowing the
breech-ends to rise clear of the discs.
DISK.
+b. Used fest, of a shield.
179t Cowrer //fad xi, 528 Ulysses’ oval disk he smote.
Through his bright disk the stormy weapon flew.
¢. sfec. In ancient armour, a plate of metal
used to protect the body at certain joints of the
armour; a roundel.
3. Anything resembling a circular plate.
a@xzir Grew fy, The crystal of the eye, which in a fish
is a ball, in any land animal is a disk or bowl. 1860 Maury
Phys, Geog. Sea iv. § 265 About the Arctic disc, therefore,
there should be a whirl. 1865 Grore Plate 11, xxiii. 169
Whether the earth was a disk or a sphere. 1872 C. Kine
Mountain, Sierra Nev. xi. 236 The whole great disc of
world outspread. 1878 Huxiey Physiogr. xvi. 267 Multi-
tudes of very minute saucer-shaped disks.
4. spec. The (apparently flat) surface or ‘ face’
of the sun, the moon, or a planet, as it appears to
the eye.
1664 Phil. Trans. 1. 3 He hath.. at length seen them
emerge out of his Disk. 1714 Dernam Asfro-Theol. v. iv.
(1726) 130 Jupiter .. hath manifestly .. his Belts and Spots,
darker than the rest of his Disk. 1 W. Hirst in PAs.
Trans, Abr. XU 639 (¢2¢/e) Of several Phenomena observed
during the Ingress of Venus into the Solar Disc. 1
Goowin Engutrer u. xi. ie The spots discoverable in the
disk of the sun. 1834 Mars. Somervitte Connect. Phys.
Se. iv. (1849) 34 The eclipses [of the satellites) take place
close to the disc of Jupiter. 1893 Sir R. Batt Story
Sola 39 Mars at the time..shows a large and brilliant
isk.
b. ¢ransf. Any round luminous (or coloured)
flat surface; the surface of a flame or the like.
1758 Reto tr. Macguer's Chym. 1. 315 The surface of the
Lead appearing .. bright and shining like a luminous disc.
1855 Loncr. //faw, vit, 101 [The sun-fish] Slowly rising
through the water, Lifting his great disc of whiteness
[v. v7. disk refulgent). c1860 Farapay Forces Nat. 180
(Electric Light) If you look at the disc of light thrown
by the apparatus. 1878 Huxtry PAysiegr. xxi. 359 It
presents the appearance of a luminous disc. 1881 Daily
Zed. 28 Jan., So long as the position of the disk which he
is legally obliged to affix somewhere upon the vessel's side
is left to the discretion of the owner.
5. Aot, A round and flattened part in a plant.
spec. a. A collection of tubular florets in the flower-
head ef Composite, formiag either the whole head
(as in the tansy), or the central part of it, as dis-
tinguished from the ray (as in the daisy). b. An
enlargement of the torus or receptacle of a flower,
below or around the pistil. (In these senses always
spelt a7sk.)
ec. A disk-shaped marking or ‘ bordered pit’ in the wood-
cells of Gymnosperms, etc. G. One of the disk-shaped
adhesive bodies formed on the tendrils of the Virginia
creeper and other plants. @. The flat surface of a leaf, etc.,
as distinguished from the margin. f. ‘The disk-shaped
hymenium of a discomycetous fungus; = Discocarr 4).
{2706 Puittipes (ed. Kersey), Among Herbalists, Discus. .
the middle, plain, and flat part of some Flowers; because
its Figure resembles the ancient Discus.) 1727 BaiLey
vol. I1., Disk, with Florists, is a Body of Florets collected
together, and forming as it were a plain Surface. 1794
Martyn Roxssean's Bot. vi. 65 In the radiate flowers the
disk is often of one colour and the ray of another. 1807
J. E. Smivn Phys. Bot. 454 Polygamia frustranea, florets
of the disk .. perfect or united; those of the margin neuter,
or destitute of pistils as well as of stamens. 1830 LinpLey
Nat, Syst, Bot, Introd, 29 Immediately between the stamens
and the ovarium is sometimes found a fleshy ring or fleshy
glands called a Disk, and supposed .. to represent an inner
row of imperfectly developed stamens. 1870 Hooker Stud.
Flora 347 Conifere .. wood-cells studded with disks. 1874
Ouiver Elem, Bot, uw. 195 In Daisy .. the inner florets are
much smaller, regular, tubular, and yellow, constituting the
disk. 1875 Darwin /usectiv. Pl. x. 246 Vhe four leaves ..
with their tentacles pointing .. to the two little masses of
the phosphate on their discs. 1875 Bennetr & Dyer tr.
Sachs’ Bot, ui. iv, 78a Some tendrils, strikingly those of
the Virginian creeper and Bignonia capreolata, have the
+. power of developing broad discs at the end of their
branches .. which attach themselves like cupping glasses
to rough surfaces.
6. Zool. A roundish flattened part or structure in
an animal body. sec. a. In the animals formerly
grouped as Aadiata (Echinoderms, Ccelenterates,
etc.) : The central rounded and flattened part con-
taining the oral opening and usually surrounded by
rays, tentacles, or arms: from its resemblance to the
disk and rays of a composite flower.
b. The set of feathers surrounding the eye of an owl.
ce. The part of a bivalve shell between the margin and the
umbo. d. The most elevated portion of the thorax or
elytra of an insect; the central portion of the wing. e. The
flat locomotive organ or ‘ foot’ of a gastropod.
1761 Garrtner in PA, Trans. LIL. 82 Out of the top
rae or the disk of the polype, grow the feelers. 1834
¢Murrrizt Cur, Anime, Kinga. 272 of them. .expa:
into a disk comparable to that of a flower or of an Actinia.
1847 Carpenter Zool, § 1015 In ti Cohies we find a
more distinct central disk. .it is furni with arms, /did.
§ 1013 In others the disk seems almost absent, the animal
being, as it were, all rays. 1855 Gosse Marine Zool. 1. 41
Acalepha. in form of a circular disk, more or
convex and umbrella-like .. moving by alternate contrac-
tions and expansions of the disk : Discophora [Sea-blubbers,
ete] Jbid. 63 Comatuda. When adult, free, stemless, with
simple thread-like jointed di d the dorsal
disk. 186r J. R. Greene Man, Anim. Kingd., Calent.
132 The ded Actinéa .. attaching itself by one of its
flattened ends, known as the ‘base,’ a mouth being placed
in the centre of the ‘disc," or opposite extremity, 1866
Tare Brit. Mollusks iii. 46 The foot is a broad flat ex-
panded disk. 1888 Rotteston & Jackson Anim, Life 707
464 -
The mouth in the 7) .. lies in the centre of
oaecariehen me ae ein hy
along: Sn exhges., of “RA. $0, SERRE a5.8 ame AE BR
tac
7. Anat. Applied to various round flat struc-
tures: spec.
ol adiataan verano be he ameaa aemmetes ot tee
nt verte’ i latte of the
blood (d/o lar bodies f d
by an a
lood-disks). @. One of the flat ci
by the transverse cleavage of a muscular fibre; called speci-
fically Bowman's disks, A. Optic disk: the round or oval
spot where the optic nerve enters the eyeball. Choked disk,
a diseased condition of this, in which. .the retinal veins are
distended and tortuous (Syd. Soc. Lex.).
ey <tr & Bowman PAys, Anat. |. 60 Certain particl
the -discs, which float in it in great numbers.
Carpenter Anim, Phys. 35 In the b of all the higher
animals, we also find a vast number of minute discs, some-
times round, sometimes oval. 1859 Toop Cyc/. Anat. V.
41/1 Minute emb: scarcely longer than the blood discs
of the frog. 1870 Rotteston Anim. Life Introd. 43 All the
other vertebra have their centra articulated together by
fibro-cartilaginous discs. /éid. 5 The crocodiles [have]
interarticular fibrocartilaginous discs. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex.
s. v., /utermediate disks, the membrane of Krause, separat-
ing muscle fibre into compartments. 1887 /bid., /uterver-
tebral discs, lenticular elastic masses interposed between,
and of the same shape as, the bodies of two adjacent ver-
tebra: through the spinal column,
8. attrib. and Comb, a. Of or belonging to a disk,
as disk-bud, -budding (see 6a), -floret, -flower (see
5), -/ode. b. Consisting, or having the form, of a
disk, as désk-micrometer. ¢. Characterized by or
furnished with a disk or disks, as teas tape L
-electrometer, -harrow, -signal, -telegraph. . ob-
jective and obj. genitive, as disk-hearing adj.,
-worship, @. parasynthetic, as disk-shaped adj.
f. Special combs. disk-armature, an armature
wound so that its coils lie in the form of a disk ;
disk-barrow, a flat circular barrow or tumulus ;
disk-clutch, a form of friction-clutch in which one
revolving disk acts upon another; disk-dynamo,
a dynamo furnished with a disk-armature; disk-
engine, -steam-engine, a type of rotary engine
in which the steam acts upon a revolving or oscil-
lating disk; disk-owl, the barn-owl: so called
from the completeness of the facial disk (see 6 b);
disk-valve, a valve formed by a circular disk With
rotatory or reciprocating motion; disk-wheel, a
kind of worm-wheel in which the spur-gear is driven
by a spiral thread in the face of the disk.
1893 A. J. Evans in Folk-/ore Mar. 15 Like the *disk-
barrows it is surrounded by a ditch and bank. 1870 Bent-
Ley Bot. 39 “Disc-bearing Woody Tissue is composed of
those wood cells called ne Wood-cells. 1846 Dana
Zooph. iv. § 54 The *disk-buds, like the lateral, probably
proceed from one of the same lamella, /édid. iv. $53 In
P f th 1 11. Ibid. i I
disk-budding, a new mouth opens in the disk. 1876 Casa.
Sct. App. S. Kens. § 1422 Attracted *Disc Electrometer,
with double micrometer screw. 1833 Mechanics Mag.
XVIII. 242 One of these half oscillatory, half revolving
“disc engines. 18§5 /dz¢. LX III. 266 In 1849 disc engines
.. were employed with great success in the printing office
of the 7¥mes. 187a Otiver Elem. Bot. 11. 195 In Daisy,
and many other plants with ray and “disk florets. 1870
Hooker Stud. Flora 185 Asteroidex ., *Disk-flowers
asexual, /d/d. 159 Cicuta .. *Disk-lobes depressed, entire.
1783 Herscuet in PAM. Trans. Abr. XV. 325 (heading)
A Description of the Dark and Lucid * Disc and Periphery
Micrometers. 1803 — in PAZ. Trans. XCII1. 214 To remove
the disk-micrometer, 1 Toop Cyel. Anat. I. 4141
A *disc-shaped capsule. Engineer 535/1 (Railwa‘
signals) ‘he disc, a form in very general use. /d<c. 535
“Disc signals. 1889 G, Finptay Eng. Railway 69 The disc
signal is used to indicate to a driver whose train is in a goods
siding, when he may pass on tothe main line, 1874 Knicut
Dict. Mech. 1. 708/2 * Disk-telegraph, one in which the letters
and figures are arranged around a circu'ar plate and are
brought consecutively to an opening, or otherwise speci-
fically indicated. 1876 Routtevce Discov. 7 The position
a ab - poe when a Pee in a,
the “disc-valve being partly open. . Stuart £gy,
5 Some Egyptologists assert that Amunoph III abou
d adopted “disk-worship from his Semitic wife.
Disked (diskt), a. rare. [f. - + -ED 2.)
Having or showing a disk. (Chiefly in comb.).
1864 Lowe.t Fireside Trav. 85 Spectacles .. rising full-
disked upon the beholder like. .two moons at once. -
+ Disike'n, v. Os. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + Ken v.]
trans. ?'To withdraw from notice. In quot. ref.
¢ 1400 Beryn 20 The Pardonere beheld the besynes, howe
statis wer L-servid, Diskennyng hym al pryuely, & a syde
swervid,
Diskere, obs. form of Discover v.
+ Dis|kindness. 00s. [D1s- 9.]
1. Unkindness, unfriendliness.
1596 Dataymece tr. Lesiie’s Hist. Scot. (1885) 1. 92 Gif -
discorde or diskyndnes had fallin amang thame. 1709
Warp tr, Cervantes 121 His Diskindness soon chang’'d into
a perfect Hatred. 1768-74 Tucker Zé, Nat, (1852) I. 651
An effect of diskindness, ;
2. An unkind act, an ill turn: usually in = to
do (a peek) a diskindness. (Frequent in 18th c.)
1678 Norris Coll. Misc. (1699) x To do another man a
diskind merely b he lone me One, serves to no
es Purpose, 1727 W. Matuer Fug. Afan's Coup. 70
emember to requite, at least to own Kindnesses, lest thy
Ingratitude — a iderable Diskind 1768 74
Tucker Zé. Nat. (1852) 1. 2 He that pulls down his neig
bour’s house does him a diskindness, ever ii i
+
| To dea of
m
tr. Schellen's Spectr. Anal. In the est instruments
the stars ptt ag Roy * -e
+ Dis|kni‘ght, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6 +
Kyicut v.] ¢rans. To degrade from knighthood.
1621 [see DisGentiLize). ;
+ ikno-w, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [D1s- 6.]
trans, To fail to know or acknowledge.
Syivester Du Bartas nu. iii, 11. Lawe 851 And when
He shall (to light thy Sin-full load) Put Manhood on, dis-
knowe him not for God.
+ Dis|kno'wledge, v. Os. nonce-wd. [Dis-
7¢.] trans. To put out of knowledge, make un-
recognizable,
1576 Newton Lemnie’s Complex.(1633) 148 All his beauty
* = .so faded. .his face so les (633) 2 nowledged.
Diskure, obs. forin of Discover v.
Disla‘ce, v. rare. [Dis- 7a.] ‘vans. To strip
or deprive of lace.
173% Nortn Lives II. 213, I have.. found him very
busy in picking out the stitches of a dislaced petti
‘Disla-de, v. Obs. rare. Also 7 Sc. dis-
ladin. [Dis- 6.] ‘rans. To unlade, unload.
1609 Heywoop Britaines Troy v. are. 107 #E;
ried i gallies are dis-laded. bem ty Acts Chas, 1
(1814) V. 580 (Jam.) With power. .als to in and disladin
the saidis merchandice and poi,
lady, v. Obs. rare. [Dis- 7b. Cf. obs.
F. desdamer in same sense.] ¢rans- To deprive of
the title or rank of lady. .
1630 B. Jonson New /nn ww. iii, Nay, it shall out, since
nies me wife, And opaly disladied me. rare
snd, v. Obs. rare. [Dis-7a.] ¢rans.
and, or of a landed estate.
16 vARLES Div. Fancies 1. xvii, To ruine Wife, or to
dis-land an Heir.
Dislander, dislaunder, var. DiscLanDER Odés.
+ Dislau'ghter, v. Os. rare. [f. dé- for dis-
(see Dis- 5) + SLAvGHTER v.] trans. To slaughter.
1661 Sir A. Haslerig’s Last Will & Test. 3 Our dislaugh-
tered Complices, who lately sacrificed their active lives with
undaunted valour to the hands of the common Executioner.
Vy, var. form of Detavy a. Ods.
Disla-wyer, v. rave. a 7 bd trans. To
deprive of the name or standing of a lawyer.
41734 Nortn Lives (1826) 11. 164 Vilifications Y <0
He was neither courtier nor lawyer; which his ship
hearing, he smiled, saying, ‘That they might well make
him a whoremaster, when they had dislawyered him.”
Dislea‘f, dislea-ve, v. [f. Dis-7 a+ Lear.
trans. Tostrip of leaves. Hence Disleaved ffi.
a., Dislea‘fing vé/. sé.
1598 Sytvester Du Bartas u. ii. 1. Arke 3 If now the
Laurel. . be dis-leau'd and vaded. 1655 Harris ef. Silk-
worm 27 They will now be found in the Woods on the
dis-leaved trees. 1830 Fraser's Mag. 1. 36 A disleafing
which, as in the vine, ripens and incites the grees. 1840
CartyLe //eroes i. (1872) 19 Its boughs, with their buddings
and disleafings. 1854 Lowi. Combetige 30 Y. Ago Prose
——_ 1. 89 The cank rm that lly disl d
r ecims.
+ ‘gue, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6 or 7+
LeaGus v. or sé.] trans. To dissolve or break off
a league of,
1632 Lirncow 7¥ap, vi. 240 When fortune would
ae she disleagueth conditionall amity, with .. in-
ratitude,
“tT Disle‘al, a. Ods. rare. [ad. It. disleale =
OF. and Pr. desletal. Cs Eee Brag salto
sae caus To wecake tate oor en ett peat
‘velment. [f. Dis- 6 + Lever v. +
-MENT.] The condition of not being levelled; de-
viation from the level.
ba | Nature XXVIII. 225 During the measurement of a
base line . . the rods are not. .accurately levelled, and a cor-
rection has to be made for dislevelment.
‘cense, v. rare. [Dis-6 or 7a.) ¢rans.
To de tee! a anger
. £. hi
jae Wen buses ceed
‘7 The Museum Inn .. and
islicensed at Brewster Ses-
‘kable, «.
Capable of being disliked ; exciting dislike.
1843 Cartyte Past §& Pr. ut. iv. (1872) 133 One dislikes to
see a man and duced to proclaim on the ts such
tidings: but on the whole .. that is not the most dislikable.
a 1887 Mrs. Norton in L. F: Life Sir A, Panissi 1,
f, DISLIKE v. + -ABLE.]
22 A receipt for blotting out all dislikable qualities. 1886
ke A. Kine Shadowed Life 1. x. 185 Abcut as likeable or
dislikeable as a machine-made American clock.
Dislike (disloi‘k), sd. [f. Distixe 2.
+1. Displeasure, disapproval (as di to some
object). (Passin g gradually into the mod. sense 2.)
70 be in dislike with, to be displeased with ; so fo
come or grow into dislike with. Obs.
pth thater ber Ma, Daa
H Could, Trek ia Holinshed Ul
. 1. Il. 272 To
soever it were,
in
King being
Boonen Ginetd (ost ho Oe teaabie clovine
-
his
to giue anie answer. 1630 Waps-
wortH Pu
This my father hearing, grew into dis-
lo Mawnicas., 1703 Penn in Pa, Hist. Soc. Mem.
A letter from the government, in dislike of such
perdi Youne Mt. 7h, tv. 26 Should any. .give
yom Full tan range, on just dislike’s unbounded field,
2. The contrary fecling to liking or affection for
an object; distaste, aversion, repugnance, (Cf.
DISLIKE 7. 3.)
Hooker Eccl, Pol. v. \xv. (1617) UL. 342 As the
ian age of cegeios life are in request, or
dislike, according to that they rt, 1644 Dicsy Nat.
pred us. (164 “¥ 139 [It] is item led with annoy & with
1 ae Spect, No. 76 ¥ 4 Where Men speak
Tate tthe strongest Terms, and Dislike in the faintest.
os oe Inst, Relig. (1782) 1. 56 All vices make men
to. dislike. Lytton What will he do? 1. xvi,
We need not show dislike too coarsely. 1878 Jevons Prim.
Pol. Econ. 9 Now there is a kind of ignorant dislike and
of political economy.
D. With @ and g/. A particular aversion.
1614 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 465 Away with these weake
dislikes. 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. 11. (1677) 175 She
{the hawk]i is apt to take a dislike, and will never afterwards
— it willingly. 1885 Manch. Exam, 14 May 5/ Ali
that the em said about his likes, his dislikes .. care-
“3 Disagree ment, discord. Obs.
oP igemgags 1 Hen, IV, y. i. 26, I do protest, I haue not
sought the day of this dislike, 1606 — 77. & Cr. u. iii, 236
My Lord, you feede too much on this dislike. & 36a
Fanrax .), A murmur rose that showed dislike among t
Christian,
‘ke, a. Obs. [f. Dis- 10+ Like a. Cf.
L. dis-similis’] Unlike, dissimilar, not alike.
1596 Br. Anprewes Ser. I. 82 Two states .. there be
after death. .disjoined in place, dislike in condition. x
J. Norpen Progr. Pietie (1847) 174 It is so dislike that
wedding-garment. 1603 Hottanp Plutarch's Mor, 125
. said that the body of poser de is composed a
parts dislike, and accordant verily one with another. 1644
Nat. Bodies 1. (1645) 4 That which wee call a dike
is not the same ; for in some part it is dislike.
Dislike (dislaik), v. Also 6 -lyke. § [f. Dis-
6 + LIKE v.] The opposite of Likr v. (q.v.) in
its various uses: cf. also MISLIKE.
41. trans. (Only in 3rd _ pers.)
annoy, offend. Ods.
1579 Lyty Euphues iArh) gt If the sacred bands of
— did ., dislike thee, why diddest thou praise them?
a Perrix Guaszzo's Civ. Conv. 1. (1 586) 77, I see not how
thinges can dislike you, which commonly like all men.
Fe Oth. ui. iii. 49 Me do ’t, but it dislikes me.
To displease,
Dasien Sonn, liv. (R), Like as the lute delights, or
else dislikes, As is his heart that plays upon the same. 1667
Perys Diary (1877) V. 240 Sir WV Pen’s going to sea do
dislike the Parliament mightily. 1672 Mede's Wks. Life 31
To do that which may displease or dislike others. 1769
S. Paterson A nother Trav. 11. 208 If the thing dislikes you,
use it accordingly. 1814 Sourney Roderick xxv, He drew
forth The scymitar. .its unaccustom’d shape Disliked him.
42. intr. To be displeased, offended, or dissatis-
fied (with); to disapprove (of). Obs.
c Harpsrietp Divorce Hen. VIII (1878) 301 God .
with the divorce, and liked well ot the marriage
with Queen Katherine. 1 Lamearpe Peramb, Kent
geo 149 King John disliked much of the choice. 1612
nsLey Lud, Lit. 18, 1 cannot ons dislike of any thing
which you haue sayd herein. ALE Contempl. 11. 211
dislike with your success, come no more among them.
. trans, Not to like; to regard with aversion ;
to have an objection to ; to disrelish. (The oppo-
site of Like v. in its current sense; and so less
strong than ate, which is the o posite of Jove.)
1594 pronase 2 may Pol. a e (161 . i) 135 ier] —
‘such bad dislike. 1596
an Mov, nie 1 seer: eg Oh choose rohan
would, nor refuse whom I dislike
oot s-
ne
ait
a
anil
PR Esve
Hn
BFE
Qk
ait
I or dislike than dare to condemn. 849 Macav-
tay Hist. Eng. 1. 177 He ey ae ts the Puritans indeed, but
in him dislike was a languid feelin, ing, sory | little resembling
the energetic hatred which burned in the heart of Laud.
i beamees Pr. Thule oe 36 He disliked losing a few
at billiards, but not mind losing a few pounds.
+b. To show or apecee aversion to. Ods.
sto dk Meas. for M. 1. ii. 18, 1 neuer heard any
dislike it. 1641 Mitton Reform. 11. eae cad Neer
death. .t! —_ dislik’d and ens a Ceve-
-+as
1. 102
and detestable. 1667 —
force of Spirits arm’d That Prats rari his
ence Disliked //. a.
» desgousti. MeCase Wor-
Suerwoop, D
pra Presbyt. Scot.162A popularly dish episcopacy,
Disli-keful, ¢. O/s. [f. orks 5b. + -FUL.J
A Unpleasant, distasteful. b, Characterized by
dislike or aversion.
40 Now were it not ..to you
Sp and a take 00 take, — Stalghrel.
Wks. To bring them to be one and to =3
away dislikefull Seen Dea 2
eee ere sav, But consider ., the dislikelihood
“piste, ©. Obs. [f. DisuiKe a. + -EN 5,
after ike, liken’: cf. L. dissimilare, F. dissemblerj
trans, To make unlike ; to dissemble,
x6r1 Suaxs. Wint. 7.1. iv. 666 Muffle your face; Dis-
{
465°
mantle you, and (as you can) disliken The truth of your
owne seeming, that you may .. to Ship-boord Get vndes-
ery
+ Disli- keness. O/s. [f. DISLIKE a. + -NESS,
or f, Dis- 9 + LikENESS.] Unlikeness, dissimilarity,
1623 Wovgorrurn Fr. & Lng. Gram, 492 (V.) There is a
great dislikeness between these things, 1633 Ames -1gst.
Cerem. \1, 480 Likenesse of intention .. is such us admitteth
much dislikenesse. 1690 Locks: //um. Und. ww. iv. $5 "Vhat
which is not design’d to represent any thing but it self,
can never ,, mislead us from the true Apprehension of any
thing, by its Dislikeness to it,
‘ker. [f. Distike 7. + -en!.]
dislikes or disapproves.
1586 Hooker Ausw. Travers’ Supplic. Wks. 1617 MI. 1%
It were hard if .. (they) make themselues to be sgn He dis-
likers of the present state and proceedings. H. Mont
Conject, Cably BR 244(T.) An unreconcileable Fi a of their
vices. 170§ HickeRInciLt, Priest-cr.u. viii. 81 Vhere would
not have been any Dissenters, or Dislikers of a Moderate
Church of England. 1832-4 De Quincey Cuvsarvs Wks. X.
151 Hei is a general disliker of us and of our doings.
otras vol, sb. [f. Disuikn vy, + -1nG 1]
‘The action of the verb DIsLikk: aversion, disap-
proval; dislike ; the contrary of /ié7ng.
c1ggo in Fisher's Whs. (E. E.'T.S.) I, Not for rd dis
pleasure or dislykinge of the queens person or age. 1579
Lyty Euphues (Arb.) 130 Whereby they noted the great
reas they had of their fulsome feeding. 1588 Marprel ;
Epist. (Arb.) 24 The good quiet people .. at length grew in
disliking with their pastor. 1632 Lirucow 77va 48t ‘To
their great disliking, I was released, 1 C. Noeie Mod.
Answ. to lmmod, Queries 2'Vhe Author. .cannot at all pa!-
liate his dislikings with moderate and beseeming word~
1748 Ricuarpson Clarissa (1811) IN, xxxvi, 210 Our liking-
and dislikings.. are seldom governed by prudence. 1851
Ruskin Stones Ven. J, ii, $12 If a man is cold in his likings
and dislikings. you can make nothing of him.
Disli- king, ipl.a. [f. as prec. +-ING 2.] That
dislikes : see the verb.
+1. Displeasing, disagreeable, distasteful. Ody.
1596 J. Norpen Progr. Pietie (1347) 62 Vhat I may care-
fully perform what thou likest, howsoever disliking it be
unto me, 1636 in Picton L’fool Munic. Rec. 1. 211 Vhey
were .. altogether dislikeinge tothe whole Corporacion,
2. Feeling, or showing, dislike or aversion.
1592 Suaxs. Ven. & Ad. 182 Adonis..with a heavy, darl:,
disliking eye, His louring brows o’erwhelming his fair sight.
1649 Br. Hari. Cases Consc. 329 Divorces .. to be BONA Y
given by the disliking thashands to his disple: asing and uli
quiet wife. 1654 Wiirrock Zootomia 460 Nothing sooner
striketh Detraction dumbe, than a contemning and disliking
Deafnesse. 1795 CoLeKipcE Juvenile Poems (1864) =
Chilled friendship’s dark disliking eye.
Dislimb (dislim’, v. [Dis- 7 7a.) trans. Yo
cut off the limbs of; to tear limb from limb; to
dismember. ence Dislimbed (dislitmd) AA/. a.
1662 H. More Philos. Writ, Gen. Pref. 1g Not .. unlike
the raising from the dead the dislimb’d Higalsite 1855
Sincieron Virgil 1. 386 His body..Could I not have dis-
limbed, and o’er the waves Have scattered it? 1860 Apis «
Fauriel’s Prov. Poetry xii. 265 The shoulder of a calf.
which he dislimbed with the most admirable dexterity.
Dislimn (dislim),v. [f. Dis- 6+ Limn v.]
1. “rans. To obliterate the outlines of ‘anything
limned) ; to efface, blot out.
1606 Saks. Ant. & Ch. Iv. xiv. 10 Sometime we see a clowd
that’s Dragonish, A vapour sometime, like a Beare, or Lyon
: That which is now a Horse, even with a thoght ‘I he Racke
dislimes, and makes it indistinct As water is in water. 1826
De Quincey in Blachw. Mag. XX. 738 The flash..of colour-
able truth, being as frail as the resemblances in clouds,
would, like them, unmould and ‘dislimn’ itself (to use a
Shakespearian word). 1851 Txencu Poems gz Till the faint
currents of the upper air Dislimn it. 1864 C. J. Back in
Lyra Messianica No. 225 Behold the Man, Time cannot
change the eternal fact, Dislimn the abiding vision.
2. intr. (for refl.) To become effaced, to vanish.
1832-4 De Quincey Casars Wks. 1862 pee ait The noc-
turnal has d d and vanish 1867 Contemp.
Rev. WV, 116 The primitive vision coom decomposes, and
vanishes s away.
(dislitnk), v [f. Dis- 6 + Link z.]
trans. To unlink, uncouple, disconnect, disjoin,
separate (things that are linked). /7¢. and fig.
1610 Heater St. Aug. Citie of God 312 Being dislinked
from the love of other beauties. 1621 QuarLes Argalus & 1’.
(678) 74 Death., Hath now., Dissolv’d your vows, dislink’d
hat sacred chain, Which ti’d you aonles ae 7 ‘Texxyson
Princes Prol. 70 There a roup of girls ae ae waited,
whom the electric shock ink'd with shrieks and laughter.
1861 G. Merepiru Evan parte IIL, iii. 59 [She] dis-
linked herself from William's arm.
+ Dislive (dislai-v),v. Oés. [app. f. Dis- 7a
orc + Lire] ‘rans. To deprive of life; to put
out of life, to kill.
Torte A/ba (1880) 17 Now that Alba mine is ed,
wie bah me left dicloade od ite v: oe —
Honour's Acad. ui, 87 He eae means to be ray rnd
One who
1615 Cuarman Odyss. xxi. 355 Telemachus dislived Am-
himedon. — Caesar & Pompey m1. Can at
destroyes it she disliues it.
‘ven, v. Obs. [f. Dis- 6 + -Zven in
EsLIvEN.] ‘vans. To do the opposite of to enliven;
to dispirit.
- CRAVEN << (1632) : disk
a poe 31) 46 The Trumpet. .disliueneth
(dislae d), v. Also 7 Sc. disloaden.
[f.Dis-6+Loapz.] ‘tans. and ‘intr. To unload,
disburden. Hence Disloa‘ding vb/. si.
C. Watson Poly). 7ob, Preparing there to disloade
py deliver the victualls. 1625-49 Sc. Acts C) ? ah I (1814)
the h
DISLOCATEDNESS.
We 630 (Jam.) That no ship..aucht to disloadin.. vntill the
We the come tothe said burcht. 1831 CautyLein Froude
Life (1882) 163 Dust, toil, cotton bags, hampers, re-
ar ae Thies ading stones, 1882 ~~ in Century Mag.
XIV, at Lheir long dangerous loading and disloading.
‘Bislocable (disldkab'l), a. rare. [f. med.L.
dislocdve to DISLOCcATE: sce -BLE.] Capable ot
being, or liable to be, dislocated or displaced ;
displaceable, Hence Dislocabi'lity.
1827 Beniam Coust, Code i. viii. § 9 Dislocable is this
functionary .. by that authority, for the giving exec ution
and effect to whose will he has been located, He is dis-
locable by the Legislature. /O/d. u. viii. § 6 Inferior, in
mae ch of his dislocability,—he is superior even to the whole
"Bislocate, Ppl. a. Obs, or arch, [ad, med.1..
dislocal-us, pa. pple. of dtslocare: see next.) Dis-
located. (Chielly as fa. pple.
61400 Lanfranc's Cirurg, 62 Whanne ., pe boon ., is tu
broke atwo & dislocate—pat is to seie out of ioynte, f
63 Pe Loonys pat weren broken ouReE dislocate
locat). 1814 Sournty Roderick xxit, Where the cement of
authority Is wanting, all things there are dislocate, 1826
J.Wirson Noct, Ambr. 1.179 Lying in the midd!.
of the road, his neck dislocate, 1846 in WokceSTEK.
Dislocate ‘dislvke't), v. [f. déslocdt- ppl. stem
of med.L. déslocdre to put out of place, f. Dis- 4
+ L. locare to place, locus place: cf. It. dislocarr,
Py. deslocar, Fr. disloguer. In Eng. as pa. pple.
long before its use as a finite verb: see prec.]
1. “rans. ‘Yo put out of place; to shift from its
proper ‘or former) place; tu displace. Now
vare,
1623 Coc krKam, Dislocate, to vt
/fist, Wt. ¥. $55 We will concl
submission of the Dean and Cl
1655 Fuiten C4,
> Section with this
the King .. though dislucat sulle yeares 3
the date thereof, 1724 A. ¢ ns Gr. Chr. Keliy, 102
alters some passages and ges the places of others
he supposes dislocated, es Hou
A plant may be dislocated from an ol
new bed. 1879 G. Meerut Ayes
sooner was he comfortably established
dislocate him.
2. To put out of proper position in relation to
contiguous parts (without removal to a dista
1660 Boyt. New Aap. Phys. 3
- were in their passage .. Dis):
Hooke Microgr. 1
that several parts of i
Woopwakrn Vat, (ist. arth u. 72 Io
were dislocated, 1755 /’//7.
nies, though not thrown d
1 ‘They (the $ :
IX 4i Some ¢
vans. 3
turn'd round. 1869 Puatsis J
dislocating cite strate,
b. spec. Vo displace “a Lone) from its prope:
Ht
position in the joint; to put out of joint; to ‘put
out’ ‘a joint or lamb). (Rarely with the person as
object.) In early use more widely: see quots. 1602,
1668, and cf. DisLocation 1 b.
1605 SHAKS, Lear IV. ii. 65 ‘These hands .. are apt enough
to dislocate and tear ‘hy flesh and bones. 1658 Rowrany
Moufet's Theat. (ns. 912 Vhe pain of a juynt that is dislo-
cated. 1668 Currerrer & Corr Larthol. Anat. w. iii. 332
Its use is, ike a cord to bind together the parts of the body
-that they may not be dislocated. 1752 Jounson & ambler
No. 199 P 3, I have twice dislocated my limbs. .in essaying
1763
to fly. Frankun Lett, Wks. 1287 IL. 244, 1 write in
pain with an arm lately dislocated. 1838 JHintwaiy Greece
II. xiv. 192 Darius had dislocated a foot in hunting. 1845
Camrne.e Lives of Chancellors (1257) 11. xxxv. 120 Anne
was still much dislocated by the rack.
3. fg. Yo put ‘affairs, etc.; ‘out of joint’; to
throw into confusion or disorder, upset, disarrange,
derange, disconcert.
©1645 Hower “ett. (1892) IL. 65¢ ‘These sad confusions...
have so unhing'd. .tumbled and dislocated all things. « 1661
Furer Worthies, Barkshire 1. (1662) 85 Since our Civil
Wars hath lately dislocated all relations. 1719 De For
Crusoe (1840) 11.1.7, I was .. desolate and dislocated in the
world bythe loss of her. x25 T. Jerrerson Autobioy.
Wks. 1859 I. B He contrived tu dislocate all their military
plans. a E. R. Convex Bas. Faith ii. 61 In the violent
strain put n his mind, its balance is dislocated. 1889
Spectator 9 Nov., That will dislocate the trade of the port.
Hence Di-slocating ol. a.
1863 Kixciaxe Crimea 1. 484 This perturbing and dislo-
cating course of action.
Dislocated, #7/. 2. [f. prec. + -ep1.] Dis-
placed; put ont of position; out of joint; dis-
arranged ; having the continuity broken and the
parts displaced, as a line or stratum: see the
verb.
1605 Cuspman A// Fools 111. i, The incision is not d
nor the orifice exorbitant, the pericranion is not iecmed
Vulg. Errors Censured 35 I It was he that .. cured
Diodorus of. . his dislocated member {shoulder out of joint].
1793 J. Bexesroxp in guetta deag No, 8s. 360 Parts
-not already occupied by the dislocated Frederick.
Lixptey Wat. "ane Bot, 295 A kind of dislocated calyx.
1854 Hooxer Himal. Fruls. i. xi. 253 Much-crumpled and
dislocated gneiss. 1874 Sruses Const. Hist. L iv. 61 The
po tae state of Britain seems. .to have made way for the
“Hisoes Dishddntetiy dv. Dislocatedness, the
condition of being displaced.
x27 Bentuam Const. Code 1. vi. § 30 From the situation
of Member of the: we ly, causes of
5 ey dislocated-
1883 American V1 [They] ‘tends Sidocssolby tas >
Mr. Riley's sid A id
5
DISLOCATEE.
Dislocatee’. nonce-wd. [f. DisLocate v. +
-EE.) One who is dislocated or displaced.
1827 Bentuam Const. Code 11. ix § 18. 294/1 Dislocation is
.. removal from an official situation, without consent of the
dislocatee, and without his being located in any other.
tion (disloke-an). [a. OF. dislocation
(14th c. in Littré), or ad. med.L. dislocation-em, n.
of action f. dislocare to D1isLocaTE.] The action
of dislocating, or condition of being dislocated.
1. Displacement; removal from its proper (or
former) place or location.
1604 R. Cawprey Zable Alph., Dislocation, setting out of
right place. 1614 Raveicu Hist. World u. 216 Which pre-
venteth such dislocation of the Moneths. 1 Unhappy
Game at Scotch & Eng. 14 The dislocation of the Kings
|p by his personall will all this while from the two
ouses of Parliament. 1846 Grote Greece 1. xiv. (1862) 11.
88 ‘Those violent dislocations of inhabitants. 1886 Wittis
Crark Camébr. 111. 463 There has been much dislocation
of the glass [in the windows of Jesus College Library].
b. sfec. Displacement of a bone from its natural
position in the joint; luxation. (Formerly, more
widely, displacement of any bodily part or organ.)
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 303 It is sett vpon pe region
of pe wombe for fallinge of pe maris, pat is clepid dislo-
cacioun of be maris. /é/d_ 322 Dislocacioun of be rigboonys
is a greuous sijknes. 31541 RK. Coptanp Guydon's Quest.
Chirurg., Demaunde. Yf all the membres may regenerate
after theyr perdicion, & knytte agayne after theyr dislo-
cacion? 1659 lle. Errors Censured 35 His Shoulder-bone
suffering a dislocation. 1707 Loud. Gaz. No. 4362/4 Lost..
a..Greyhound Bitch..a Dislocation in her Neck, which
causes a Bone to stand up. 1842 Anpy JW ater Cure i. (1843)
1 Aslight pain, which I could no otherwise describe than as
the sensation of a slight dislocation.
ce. Geol. A displacement in a stratum or series
of strata caused by a fracture, with upheaval or
subsidence of one or both parts; a fault.
1695 Woopwarp Nat. Hist. Earth u. (1723) 91 This Dis-
ruption, and Dislocation of the Strata. 1849 Murcnison
Siluria iii. 53 The black schists .. are there insulated by
a powerful dislocation. 1880 CarPENTER in 19/h Cent.
No. 38. 598 Earthquake phenomena involving extensive dis-
locations of the crust.
da. Jil. The distribution of the several corps
composing an army to a number of garrisons,
camps, etc.
1808 WELLINGTON in Gurw. Desf. IV. 33 His Majesty has
..been pleased to command that the {allowing should be
the outline of the dislocation of the troops. 1842 ALISON
Hist. Europe (1849-50) XII. Ixxxii. 258 A very considerable
dislocation of the forces which had combated at Leipsic
immediately took place. 1883 Manch. Exam. 19 Dec. 4/6
The dislocation of Russian troops on the Austrian frontier
had begun to assume .. significant proportions.
2. fig. Displacement of parts or elements; dis-
arrangement (of something immaterial); a con-
fused or disordered state.
1659 O. WALKER Oratory 51 Causing a harsh superfluity,
or else forcing a dislocation of the words. 1778 Br. Low111
Transl. Isaiah Notes (ed. 12) 203 This whole passage ..
healed of the dislocation which it suffers by the absurd
division of the chapters. 1860 Pusey Ain. Proph. 290 The
utter dislocation of society. 1862 Merivare Kom. Emp.
(1865) 1V. xxxiii. 91 A dislocation of all social principles.
3. attrib., as Dislocation forceps.
1885 in Syd. Soc. Lex.
Hence Disloca‘tionally adv., by way of disloca-
tion or displacement.
1827 BentHam Const. Code u1, viii. § 5 The omission is. .an
anti-constitutional offence .. and, punitionally .. as well as
dislocationally, every offender is responsible. ;
Di‘slocative, @. rare. [f. med.L. dislocai-
ppl. stem of dislocare to DIsLocaTE + IvE.]
Serving to dislocate or remove from its place. Also
ellipt. as sb. =displacing power.
1827 Bentuam Const. Code 1. v. § 2 Dislocative function:
exercised by dislocating, out of the situation in question, the
functionary therein located. /é/d. 11. vi. § 30 Dislocation,
b his constituents, in virtue of their incidental dislocative.
Di-slocator (di‘slokeito1). [agent-n. in L. form
f, DisLocaTE v.:; see -oR.] One who dislocates.
1818 Sir A. Coorer Surg. Ess. 1. Dislocations (ed. 3) 16
One of those people called bone-setters (but who ought
rather to be called dislocators).
Dislocatory (di'sloke'tari), a. [f. L. déslocat-
ppl. stem of dislocare: see -orY.] Having the
ect of dislocating ; producing dislocation.
1870 E, L, Garsett in Eng. Afech. 11 Mar. 625 ‘1 A frozen
pond .. roughened by dislocatory cracks. 1881 E, Waren
Laughing tyes (1890) 64 The mistress..had no notion of
dislocatory attitudes on damp grass.
Bislock (dislgk), v. Ods. or Sc. Also 7 dis-
loke. [In form dis/oke app. ad. F. disloguer (1549
in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. med.L. dislocdre to Disio-
CATE ; in form dis/ock, app. associated with Lock v.]
= DisLocate v.
1609 J. Davies //oly Roode (1876) 20 (D.) His bones and
joints., With rackings quice disloked and distracted. 1830
Gatr Laurie T, ut. v. 100 Many a joint-dislocking jolt,
1 e (dislpdz), v. Also 5 disloggen,
5-6 dos-, disloge, des-, dyslodge, 6 Sc. disluge.
a. OF. desloger, -logier to leave or to cause to leave
a lodging-place, f. des-, Dis- 4 + doger to LopGE.]
1. trans. To remove or turn out of a place of
lodgement; to displace. a. generally.
a 1500 Chaucer's Dreme 2125 Whan every thought and
every sorrow Dislodged was out of mine herte. rae toaienl
!
466
Sheph, Cal. Dec. 32 How often haue I scaled the i
Oke All to dislodge the Rauen of her neste. 1641 Br.
Hat Rem. Wks. (1660) 71 Rivers changed, Seas dislodged,
h opening. 1645 — Remedy Discontents 151, 1 must
be dislodged of my former habitation. 179x ‘G. GamBapo’
Ann. Horsem, vi. (1809) @ [A horse] kicking ..at such a
rate, as to dislodge the Bagman that bestrides him, o%
J. W. Croker in Croker Papers 1 Mar., It would be mad-
ness to dislodge the present Ministry. 187x L. Sternen
Playgr. Europe v. (1894) 127 Every stone we dislodged
went bounding rapidly down the side of the slope.
+b. Ai/. To shift the position of (a force);
vefl. to shift one’s quarters. Ods.
©1477 Caxton Fason 27 b, He hadde not entencion for to
disloge him ne to reyse his siege. 15€8 Grarton Chron. I1.
240 At night, the French King dislodged his armie, and
departed. 1 Suaks. Cor. v. iv. 44 The Volcians are
dislodg’d and Marcius gone, 1670 Drypen 1st Pt. Cong.
Granadaiit.i, The Christians are dislodg’d; what Foe is near?
e. Mil. To diive (a foe) out of his position.
1450 LoneLicu Grail xliv. 435 Hem to disloggen in this
plas, It were best thorwh goddis gras. 1659 B. Harris
Parival’s Iron Age 155 The Spanish Army drew towards
him, to dislodge him from thence. 1783 Watson PAilip /1/
(1839) 23 Judging it necessary .. to dislodge the Spaniards
from their fortifications. 1839 Tuirtwatt Greece VI. 169
He had dislodged the barbarians from the position which
they had taken up. .and made himself master of the pass.
d. Hunting. To drive (a beast) ont of its lair.
1610 Guituim Heraldry im. xiv. (1660) 166 You shall say
Dislodge the Buck. 1634 Sir T. Herpert 7'raz. 56 The
two and twentieth day we dislodged a wilde Bore. 1827
Worpsw. Go back to Antigue Ages, While, to dislodge his
game, Cities are sacked. [1 Sites Sc. Natur. vi. 96 A
badger endeavoured to dislodge him, showing his teeth.]
2. intr. (forvefl.) To goaway from one’s lodging
or abode ; to quit the place where one is lodged ;
to remove. a. gez. Of persons and things.
1520 St. Papers Hen. VIII, V1. 56 The daunces .. con-
tinued .. unto thre of the clocke in the mornyng: whiche..
made the Ladyes more unmete to dislodge at the daye
appoynctyd, 1528 Lynpresay Dreme 969 In the lawland I
come..And purposit thare to mak my residence ; Bot singu-
lare proffect gart me soune disluge. 1653 H. Cocan tr.
Pinto's Trav. \xi. 249 Proclaimed, that all persons. .should
upon pain of death dislodge speedily out of the Island.
1668 awe Bless. Righteous (1825) 309 Your souls will dis-
lodge from this earthly tabernacle. 1761 Hume //ist. Eng.
II. xxvii. 130 Many of the inhabitants of Paris began to
dislodge. 1882 Mario Garibaldi in Macm. Mag. XLVI.
247 Dislodge immediately from the convent.
+b. AZZ. ‘To leave a place of encampment. Ods.
¢ 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xx. 446 He commaunded
that his oste shold dyslodge. c¢1g00 Melusine xxvi. 277
The next day. .after the masse herd, desloged the vanward.
gor Garrarv Art Warre 168 In the morning when they
dislodge, and at night when they encampe. 1667 Mitton
P. L. vy. 669 He [Satan] resolv’d With all his Legions to
dislodge. 1761-2 Hume Hist. Eng. (1806) IV. lvi. 309 Dis-
lodging from Thame and Aylesbury .. he thought it proper
to retreat nearer London.
+e. Hunting. Of a beast of the chase: To leave
its resting-place. Ods.
1674 N. Cox Gent. Recreat. i. (1677) 71 If they [harts]
chance once to vent the Hunts-man or the Hound, they will
instantly dislodge.
Ilence Dislo-dged ff/. a., Dislo'dging v//. sd.
and ff/. a.
1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. I. ccxi. 54 Whan the frenche-
men .. sawe the dyslodgynge of the Englysshe oost. 1602
Marston Antonio's Rev. ui. iii. Wks. 1856 I. 111 His dis-
lodg’d soule is fled. 164 Eart Strarrorp Let. to Chas. 1,
4 May in Rushw. //ist. Cold. (1692) 111. I. 251, I forgive all
the World, with Calmness and Meekness of infinite Con-
tentment to my dislodging Soul. 1737 L. CLarxe Hist.
Bible u. (1740) 151 This was the order of their incamping.
The manner of their dislodging was thus. 1832 G. Downes
Lett, Cont. Countries 1. 84 Among the dislodged was an
elderly female. . who bitterly deplored her lot.
+ Dislo'dge, sd. Obs. [f. prec.] The fact of
being dislodged; dislodgement.
1 Turserv. Ventrous Lover, $c. (R.), Show how long
dislodge hath bred Our cruell cutting smart.
Dislodgement, -lodgment (<islpdgmént).
[f. Dis.opce v. + -ment ; cf. F, délogement, older
des-.] The act of dislodging ; removal of anything
from the place where it is lodged ; displacement.
1728 Morcan Algiers II. iv. 267 He told them, their Dis-
lochreomane was resolved on, 1737 L, Crarxe Hist. Bible us,
They continued thereabout, making .. eighteen several Re-
moves or Dislodgments, and at last they returned to Kadesh
Barnea. 1864in Wesster. 1870 Echo 11 Nov., The chance
dislodgement of a party of Prussians by a band of Franc-
tireurs, 1876 Bartnotow Jat, Med. (1879) 457 [Sulphate of
Copper) also occasionally used in croup, to effect the dis-
lodgment of the false membrane.
Dislogistic, erron. f. DysLoeisric,
+Disloi‘gn, v. Obs. [a. OF. desloignier to
remove or withdraw to a distance, f. des-, Dis- 1
+ loin far: cf. éloigner.] Exemplified in pa. pple.
Disloi‘gned [ = OF. des/oigni¢}, removed to a dis-
tance; distant, remote, far off.
DISLUSTRE.
+ Dislo-ve, v. Ovs. [Dis-6.] “vans. Not to
love; to withdraw one’s love from, ;
1568 Nortu Gueuara’s Diall Pr..w.iv. 116 b, 1 care not if
all Greece hate and dysloue mee, iy Ibid. w. ao
Di disloued, and ery all.
1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 180 Which he so
loved, as for it he disloved everything else.
i (disloival), a. (sb.) [a. OF. desloial,
f. des-, Dis- 4 + loial Lovau, Cf. also DIsLEaL,]
Not loyal; false to one’s allegiance or obligations;
unfaithful, faithless, perfidious, treacherous,
a. Unfaithful to the obligations of friendship or
honour, to the marriage tie, etc. (Common in early
use: now somewhat rare.)
¢ 1477 Caxton P ge 53 Certes fayr sire Jason ansuerede
the disloyal and untrue Peleus (st. 1s8t Perrie tr.
Guazzo's Civ. Conv. 1. (1586) 26 Greekes though
—— in learning and eloquence, yet are they disloiall
and faithlesse. 1590 Spenser F. Q. u. vii. 22 Di i
‘Treason, and hart-burning Hate. 1§93 Suaxs. Rich. //, v.
ii. 105 ‘Thou do'st suspect That I haue bene di to thy
- 1639 S. Du Vercer tr. Camus’ Admir. Events 51
‘The demeanure of his disloyall wife. Mrs. Browninc
Flower in Let, iv, Without a thought disloyal.
b. Untrue to one’s allegiance; wanting in loyalty
to the government or to constituted authority.
1585 Azr. Sanpys Serm. (1841) 200 Absolon rebelled. . but
God quickly paid him that which was due to his rebellious
and disloyal attempts. 1634 Prynne Documents agst.
Prynne (Camden) 48 Executed by your Lordship as sedi-
tious and disloyall. 1657 Mu.ton P. Z, 11. 204 Man dis-
obeying, Disloyal breaks his fedltie, and sinns Against the
high Supremacie of Heav’n. 1673 [R. Leicn] 7ransp. Reh.
146 His malicious and disloyal reflections on the late Kings
Reign. 1711 Hearne Coélect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) III. 222
Disloyal Whiggs dispatch and goe, And visit Noll and Will
below! 1837 J. H. awk Par. Serm. (1839) 1. xv. 225
Disloyal to the authority of God. 7
a5 B. sb. A disloyal person; a traitor, rebel. Ods.
1611 Sreep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xxii. (1632) 1112 The bat-
tell of the disloyals. 1651 tr. De das Coveras' Hist. Don
Fenise 302, | desired to see this disloyall yet once. bid. 303.
Hence Disloy‘alist, a person disloyal or dis-
affected to the government.
1885 Pali Mail G. 10 June 10/1 Two organized bands of
disloyalists indulged in hostile manifestations. 1886 J.
Cook in Advance (Boston) 18 Feb. 99 As dangerous in his
character of a disloyalist as that of a polygamist.
Disloy‘ally, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly2.] Ina
disloyal manner, with disloyalty; with viola-
tion of one’s allegiance or obligations; unfaith-
fully.
[Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. u. 1. 58 (dated 1427, but extant
only in alleged transcript of ¢ 1600), And after that dis-
loyally rose up agayn in warres.) 1552 Hvutoet, Disloy-
allye, pexfide, 1578 Chr. Prayers in Priv. Prayers (1851)
464 Setting .. subjects disloyally to rebel = their
princes. 1654 tr. Scudery'’s Curia Pol. 2 Had they all
disloyally revolted. 1884 Freeman in Manch. Guardian
22 Sept. 5/6 The body which thus disloyally, almost re-
belliously, flouted the crown.
+ Disloy‘alness. és. rare. [-NESS.] =next.
1586 Frenne Blas. Gentrie 138 A disloyalnesse of heart.
1727 Baiey vol. 11, Disloyalness, disloyalty.
Disloyalty ‘(disloralti). Also 5 des-, dis-
loyalte, 6-7 -tie. [ad. OF. desloyaute, desloyaulte,
earlier desloialtett (mod.F. déloyauté), f. desloyal,
DistoyaL: cf. Joyal, ity.) The quality of
being disloyal; unfaithfulness, falseness.
1481 Caxton Godfrey 167 Whan the disloyalte and false-
nes of mahomet ran thurgh thoryent. 1483 — G. de
fa Tour Eviijb, He slewe his broder Amon that suche
desloyalte and untrouth had done to his Suster. 1548 Haut
Chron., Edw, IV (an. 15) 237 b, Your moste renoumed
name, by suche a desloialtie, and untruthe against
to be both blotted and stained. 1599 Suaxs. A/uch Ado u.
i. 49 There shall a re such seeming truths of Heroes
disloyaltie, that i sie shall be cal'd assurance. 1712
Appison Sfect. No. 397 ® 5 This Princess was then under
Prosecution for Disloyalty to the King’s Bed. 1874 Morury
Compromise (1886) go The infidelity to truth, the disloyalty
to one’s own Ee " i
b. Now esf. Violation of allegiance or duty to
one’s sovereign, state, or government.
1600 E. Biounr tr. Conestaggio 195 Some .. charged him
with disloyaltie, saying that he would not fight, having
beene corrupted. - Bacon isc. Govt. Eng. 1, lil.
(1739) 106 Although Richard the First forgot this man’s
disloyalty, yet God remembred it. 182z Soutney Vision
Feng vy, Discontent and disloyalty, like the teeth of the
ragon, He had sown on the winds. 1 . H. Witson
Brit. India 1. x Several of the Sipahis .. suffered the
penalty of their disloyalty. 5
ec. wae, A disloyal act or proceeding.
P Ry ARRIS ee Age - ta, bg a
olland, repenting himself of his great ies, n
Lang "3697 C, Lesuin Snake in Grass ow 2) 369 To upbraid
the Presbyterians. .with their former loyalties,
Dislurne, v. nonce-wi. [f. Dis- 4+ L. dma the
moon.] “rans. To cure of even nies 2
| 388: . Durriecp Don Quixote iv. 641 He
| ond id'R rie ada Copate umpbacked or not,
1596 Spenser /. Q. 1v. x. 24 Low looking dales, disloignd
from common gaze,
Disloke: see DisLock.
Lislo-ve, sé. Obs. or nonce-wa, [D1s- 9.] The
revevse or undoing of love; unfriendliness, hatred.
@ 1533 Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Ooij,
Disloue in thee, causeth the hope doubtfull in me. 1
Child Marriages 11 Then dislove fell betwene them. 1
W. Tayvtor Sayer’s Wks. 1, p. Ixxviii, Agitated by various
loves and dis-loves,
his master dislocated : it had been no small fortune had
he been disluned. (Sp. des/ocado, f. doco mad, ‘cracked ’.]
+Dislu'stre, 50. Oss. [Dis- 9.] Loss or
deprivation of lustre; something that dims
lustre.
Finert For, Amébass. 151 To exclude the Venetian,
aks might not by his Presence be a dis-lustre to him in
hismarch. 1667 Waternouse Fire Lond. 139 Do not glory
in her ruines, trample not upon her dislustre,
DISLUSTRE.
Dislustre (dislo'sta:), v. [Dis- 7 a.]
1. wans. To deprive of lustre or brightness; to
dim, sully. Hence Dislu:stred f#/. a.
” 3638 Baxer tr. Balzac’s Lett. (1654) IL. 25 To dislustre so
pure a matter with the impression of so black a vapour.
W. Mountacure Devout Ess. u. vi. § 3 (R.) All those
glittering passions .. get their lustre in the absence of that
intellectual light, which as soon as it appears, deads and
dislustres them. 1667 Dicsy £/vira v. iv, Whose character
would it not dislustre? 1868 Lowett Willows ii, Her
[May's] budding breasts and wan dislustered front.
2. intr. To lose its lustre.
1890 R. Bripces Shorter Poems tv. 15 When their bloom
Dislustres. 4
D: e, -maid, -maiede, obs. ff. DIsMAYED.
+Dismargn, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [f. Dis- 8+ L.
magn-us great ] trans. To deprive of greatness.
1657 Reeve God's Plea 207 It doth grieve me to see how
great things are deampled and dismagned amongst you.
+Dismai‘den, v. Ols. rare. [Dis- 7 b.] trans.
To deprive of maidenhood ; to devirginate.
1603 Fiorto Montaigne ui. xiii. (1632) 629 At the dismay-
dening of their wives.
Bismai'l, v. arch. [a. OF. desmaille-r, f. des-,
Dis- 4 + maille MaiL, armour; cf. It. dsmagliare,
obs. Sp. desmallar.] trans. To divest of mail or
armour; to break or strip the mail off.
¢1450 Merlin 207 Thei perced haubrekes, and dismailed,
and many ther were throwen to grounde. 1485 Caxton
Chas. Gt. 69 Hys helme was desmaylled & broken. 1590
Spenser F. Q. 11. vi. 29 Their mightie strokes their haber-
jeons dismayld. 248 ‘B A. Cartyte tr. Dante's Inferno
353 O thou. . who with thy fingers dismailest thyself.
Dismain (disméi'n), v. [Dis- 8.] trans. To
deprive of the legal status of being a main road.
1886 Kent Herald 21 Oct. 2/1 That the Local Government
Board be asked to hold an enquiry with a view to dismain
a road, 1893 Bristol Times 15 Apr. 7/5 The proposal to
dismain a portion of the main road situated at Berkeley.
Dismal (di-zmial), sd.) and 2 and a. Forms:
4-7 dismall, 4-5 dis(e)male, 5 dysmal, -mel,
-mol, 6 diesmoll, dismold(e, 6-7 Sc. dismail,
6- dismal, [Mentioned in 1256 as the English or
Anglo-French name for Fr. les mals jours: whence
it appears to be OF. dis mal = L. dies mali evil
days, unlucky days. It was thus originally a sub-
stantive of collective meaning; when ‘day’ was
added, making ‘ dismal days’, (cf. ‘ seemmer days,’
‘winter days’), its attributive use passed into an
adjective, and, its original application being ob-
scured, it was finally before 1600 extended from
day, days, to be a general attribute. See Note at
end of this article.]
A. sb.! (The original use.)
+1. The dies maiz, evil, unlucky, or unpropitious
days, of the medizeval calendar, called also aves
Agyptiact, ‘Egipcian daies’ (see EGyprian 1b) ;
hence, by extension, Evil days (generally), days of
disaster, gloom, or depression, the days of old age.
The dies mali were Jan. 1, 25; Feb. 4, 26; March 1, 28;
April 10, 20; May 3, 25; June 10,16; July 13, 22; Aug.1,
0; Sept. 3, 21; Oct. 3, 223 Nov. 5, 28; Dec. 7, 22.
hey are said to have been called ‘ Egyptian days’ because
first discovered or computed by Egyptian astrologers ;
though some mediaeval writers connected them with the
ues of ancient Egypt (cf. the Chaucer quot. 1369, where
the word appears to be treated as OF. dis mad, ten evils, or
plagues, f age; see Prof. Skeat’s note, Chaucer 1. 493);
some, still more fancifully, associated them with the gloom
of ‘Egyptian’ darkness.
to see Note below.] ¢ 1300 Langtoft’s Chron. (Rolls II.
258), Cambr. MS. Ce I. i. (¢ 1310), (Satirical Verses on
Baliol) Begkot an bride, Rede him at ride In the dismale
(rime liale}], ¢ 1369 Cuaucer Dethe Blaunche 1206, I trowe
hyt was in the dismalle, That was the .x. woundes of Egipte.
a 1400 Pystyll of Susax 305 Pou hast Ibe presedent, be peple
to steere, Pou dotest now on pin olde tos in pe dismale [v. 7.
in pin olde days, in pin elde]. ¢ 1400 Afol. Loll. 93 A way-
tip not beis Egipcian daies, bat we call dysmal.
B. adj. (orig. attributive use of A.}
+1. Of days: Of or belonging to the dies mali ;
unlucky, unpropitious. Ods.
c1400 Beryn 650 a the Pardonere, it was adismol
day. ¢1420 Lyna. Story Thebes 111.(1561) 370a/1 Herdisemale
daies and her fatal houres, 1548 Cranmer Catech. B vjb,
Other ., thinke that when the Sonne, Moone, or any other
planetes is in this or y¢ signe, it is an vnlucky thing to enter-
prise this or that, and vpon such dismolde daies (as they
cal] them) they will begin no new enterprise. 1552 Hutoet,
Dismall dayes, atri dies, dies Afgiptiaci. 1560 Br. J. Pit-
KINGTON £.xf. Aggeus i, Bviijb, Why shall we then be
bolde to call them euyll, infortunate, and dysmall dayes?. .
Why shal bey Me prosper on those dayes, as well as on
other? 1576 Freminc Panofl. Epist. 24 If she had now
escaped her dismall daye: yet, doubtlesse .. within a fewe
yeares her life would have ended. 1590 Spenser /. Q. 11.
vii. 26 An ugly feend, more fowle than dismall day. 1608
Be. Hatt Char. Virtues §& V. 88 (Superstitions) If his
-journey began .. on the dismall day; or if he stumbled at
the threshold. 1618 Botton Florus 12 Hee .. distinguisht
the yeere into twelue months, and markt out which dayes
were luckie, and which were dismall. [1738 Bircu Lie
Milton M.’s Wks. 1738 I. 75 Before that dismal 3oth of
January that his Majesty’s Life was taken away.]
+ 2. Of other things: Boding or bringing misfor-
tune and disaster; unlucky, sinister, malign, fatal.
1588 Greene Perimedes 9 Seest thou not a dismall in-
fluence, to inflict a dispairing chaos of confused mishaps.
1593 Suaxs. 3 Hex. VJ, u. vi. 58 Now death shall stop his
467
dismall threatning sound, And his ill-boading tongue, no
more shall speake. /é¢d. m1. ii. 41 A Rauens Note, Whose
dismall tune bereft my Vitall powres. 1632 J. Haywaro tr.
Biond?’s Eromena 139 Such like love .. could not prove to
her otherwise than dismall and unluckie. [1664 DrypEN
Rival Ladies v. iii, It was that dismal Night Which tore
my Anchor up.] iv
3. Of the nature of misfortune or disaster;
disastrous, calamitous. (Now vave, and associated
with sense 5.)
1592 Suaks. Rom. § Ful. w. iii. 19 My dismall Sceane, I
needs must act alone. x599 ‘I. M[ouret] Sidkwormes 37
A little dismall fire whole townes hath burnd, A little winde
doth spread that dismall fire. 1638 Sir I. Hersert /7av.
(ed. 2) 188 Many dismall showres of Darts and stones. 1655
Stantey Hist. Philos. Biog. (1701) 13 Epilepsies, Convul-
sions and other Dismal and Affrighting Distempers. 1712
Appison Sfect. No. 418 ®6 Torments, Wounds, Deaths, and
the like dismal Accidents. 1777 Watson Philip [1 (1793)
II. x11. 91 Involved in this dismal catastrophe. 1856 Mrs.
Browninc Aur. Leigh v. 433 If this then be success, ’t is
dismaller Than any failures. .
4. Causing dismay ; terrible, dreadful, dire. Now
in weakened sense (associated with 5): Causing
gloom or dejection, depressing, wretched, miserable.
1588 Snaks, 7Vt. A. ut. i. 262 Be this dismall sight The
closing vp of our most wretched eyes. 1605 — Macé, v. v.
12 My Fell of haire Would at a dismall Treatise rowze, and
stirre As life were in’t. 1686 Horneck Crucif. Fesus ii. 24
The Devil appeared unto him in a.. most dismal shape.
1728 Pore Dunc. 11. 269 Dire is the conflict, dismal is the
din, 1770 Gotpsm. Des. Vill. 204 Full well the busy
whisper circling round Conveyed the dismal tidings when
he frowned. 1820 W. IrvinG Sketch Bh. 1. 15 The sight of
this wreck .. gave rise to many dismal anecdotes. 1875
Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 460 These things when spoken to
a multitude. .take up a dismal length of time.
5. Of a character or aspect that causes gloom
and depression; depressingly dark, sombre, gloomy,
dreary, or cheerless.
Dismal Science, Carlyle’s nickname for Political Economy.
Great Dismal Swamp (U.S.): see C. 5.
1617 Minsueu Ductor, Dismadl, .[tsignifieth also Darke.
1631 GouGr God's Arrows i. § 23. 30 On a sudden was
that faire skie turned into a sulphurious and most dismall
skie. 1634 Sir T. Herpert 7 raz. 146 Blacke is not knowne
among them, they say tis dismall and a signe of hell and
sorrowe., 1696 tr. Du Afont's Voy, Levant 48 The Ghast-
liness of the Prospect is heighten’d by the Pine-Trees, that
cast a dismal Shade. 1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 311
It looked very dismal and threatening all the time. 1849
CartyLe Nigger Question, Misc. Ess. (1872) VII. 84 ‘The
Social Science—not a ‘gay science’, but a rueful,—which
finds the secret of this Universe in ‘supply and demand’..
what we might call, by way of eminence, the dismal sczence.
1850 — Latter-d. Pamph., iv.(1872) 11y Good monitions, as to
several things, do lie in this Professor of the dismal science.
1873 Brack Pr. Thudei, What a wild and dismal country was
this which lay..all around him! 1882 Garden 28 Jan. 54/2
The fogs in London this week have been about at their dis-
mallest.
Jig. 1871 Mortry Voltaire (1886) 246 Doctrines which
had naturally sprung up in the dismal age when the Catholic
system acquired substance and shape.
b. Of sounds: Dreary, cheerless, woeful. (In late
use chiefly sebyective, as in 6.)
1593 [see 2].
ditty, a Psalm at the Gallows. 1703 Dameier Voy. ILI. 131
Whales .. blowing and making a very dismal noise. 1719
De For Crusoe (1840) I. xix. 350 The dismallest howlings of
wolves. 1794 Mrs. Ravcuirre A/yst. Udolpho i, Afar in the
woods they raise a dismal shout. @ 1839 Praep Poems (1864)
I. 139 And heard her singing a lively song, In a very dismal
tone. 1874 MickLetHwaAItE J/od. Par. Churches 80 ‘The
dismal groans of the harmonium. 1894 Blackmore /erly-
cross 56 A dismal wail of anguish.
6. Of a character or aspect denoting gloom or
depression ; (subjectively) gloomy or miserable.
1705 Bosman Guinea 403 You may be surpriz’d that
these poor Wretches should wear Hats, Perukes, &c.
which they do in a very particular dismal manner. a@1715
Burnet Own Time (1766) 1. 329 Wrote dismal letters to
Court. 1766 Gotpsm. Vic, W.vii, The only dismal figure
ina seep of merry faces. 1771 Funius Lett. xvii. 330,
I think you should suffer your dismal Countenance to clear
up. 1837, W. Irvine Caft. Bonneville 11, 14 Gathering the
mangled bodies of the slain .. the warriors returned, in dis-
procession, to the village.
quasi-adv. 1757 Mrs. E. Grirritn Lett. detw. Henry §
Frances (1767) 1. 64, 1 fear it was a dismal penned piece.
C. sb.2 [Elliptical or absolute use of B.]
+1. A dismal person. a. The devil. b. A fu-
neral mute. Ods.
2a1g00 Priests of Peblis in Pinkerton Scot. Poems Repr.
I. 17 (Jam.) Never bot by the dysmel, or the devil. 1570
Levin Pye 13/20 Y° dismall, deuill, d’abolus. 1708 Reply
Swift's Bickerstaff detected Wks. 1755 11. 1. 165 Away ..
into your flannel gear.. here is a whole pack of dismals
coming to you with their black equipage. ,
+2. ‘The designation of a mental disease, most
probably, melancholy ’ (Jam.), hypochondria. Ods.
@1605 Montcomerie Fiyting w. Polwart 315 The doit
and the dismail, indifferentlie delt.
+8. p/. Mourning garments. Ods.
1748 Ricnarpson Clarissa (1811) VII. 171 How she would
have adorned the weeds ! .. Such pretty employment in her
dismals. 1778 Foote 77ip Cadais 1. 1799 II. 363 As
my lady is deck'd out in her dismals, perhaps she may take
a fancy to faint. xf
4, pl. a. Low spirits, the dumps, the ‘ blues’.
1762 Foote Lyar u. Wks. 1799 1. 298 He..seems entirely
wrapt up in the dismals. 2777 J. Q. Apams in Fam, Lett,
(1876) 265 The spleen, the vapors, the dismals, the horrors
seem to have seized our whole State. a@ 1834 Lams Final
Mem. v. To Mrs. Haslitt 232 When we are in the dismals
axjoo B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Dismal
DISMAN.
there is now no hope from any quarter whatever. 1836
Marrvat A/idsh. Easy xxxiii, He has frightened that poor
old woman into the dismals. 1893 Epna Lyatt 70 Right
the Wrong 1. 44 What business have you to indulge in a
fit of the dismals on this gala-day?
b. g/. Expressions of gloom or despondency.
1774 JQ. Avams Fam. Lett. (1876) 16 Their mutual re-
proaches, their declamations .. their triumphs and defiances,
their dismals and prophecies, are all delusion.
e. fl. Depressing circumstances, miseries.
1829 Sforting Mag. XXIV. 107 Quitting the dismals, I
must relate an amusing anecdote. 1865 Reader 25 Feb.
221/3 She harps upon the petty annoyances of her dreary
poverty, and on other dismals of life.
5. A local name of dreary tracts of swampy
land on the eastern sea-board of the United States,
esp. in North Carolina.
1763 G. Wasuincton I} rit. (1889) IT. 198, 5 miles from the
aforesaid mills, near to which the Dismal runs, 1812 H.
Wituams Hist. N. Carolina 11, 180 Such are the Dismals,
so called, and the other great swamps that are numerous in
the flat country. 1856 Otmstep Slave States 149 The
‘Great Dismal Swamp’, with the smaller ‘ Dismals’.. of
the same character, along the North Carolina Coast.
D. Comb., as dismal-dreaming.
1599 Suaks. Pass. Pilg. 200 And drives away dark dismal-
dreaming night.
[Note. As to the identity of d/smad with OF. (=AF.) dis
mal:—l.. dies mali, see Professor Skeat in Trans. Philol.
Soc. 1888, p. 2. Already in 1617, Minsheu (whose own
memory doubtless recalled the time when dismal was used
only to qualify days) derived it from‘ L. d/es mzaZus, an euill
and vnhappie time’. Early corroborative evidence comes
from OF. and Icelandic sources. (1) The Anglo-French
lrt de Kalender of Rauf de Linham, 1256 (MSS. at Glas-
gow, Oxford, Cambridge; extracts printed by M. Paul Meyer
in his official Rapport on Documents Manuscrits de lan-
clenne littérature de la France, Paris 1871, pp. 127-9), has a
passage of sixty lines on the Dées mad?, beginning ‘ Ore dirrai
des jours denietz, Que vous dismal (Sodlvy ALS, dismol) ap-
pelletz’ [Now shall I tell of the forbidden days, Which you
call d7smaZ), and further on ‘ Dismal les appelent plusours,
Ceo est a dire les mals jours’ [Déssad several call them,That
is to say the evil days]. Here dismal is given as the equi-
valent of ‘mals jours’, evil days.
(2) A short Icelandic treatise in a Copenhagen MS, (Arna-
Magnzan 350, written 1363, If. 148 a), begins ‘Her greinir
um dismala daga. ‘Tueir ero peir dagar i huerium manadi
erat bokmali kallaz dies mali .enn pat pydiz illir dagar’
{Here tells of the dismal days. ‘There are two days in every
month that in the book-language (Latin) are called dzes
mali, and that is interpreted ‘evil days’]. The word désmad
is not Norse, and must have been learned from England be-
fore 1363. In dismala daga, it is probably an adj. accus.
pl., but may bea sb. gen. pl., ‘days of the dismals’. Both
the AF. and the Icelandic treatises give a list of the dis mad
or dies mali, identical with that given by various medizval
writers, and computable by the mnemonic distich given by
Du Cange s.v. Dies Algyptiaci: see sense 1 above. ]
+Dismal, v. Obs. nonce-wid. [f. prec. adj.]
intr. To feel dismal or melancholy.
1780 Map. D’Arsiay Diary (1842) 1. 344 Miss L. sung
various old elegies ..O ! how I dismalled in hearing them.
Dismality (dizmeliti). [f. Dismar a. +-11y.]
Dismal quality or state; an instance of this.
1714 ManpEVILLE Jad. Bees (1725) 1. 291 A beggar. .assists
his cant with a doleful tone and a study’d dismality of ges-
tures. 1779 Mav. D’Arsiay Diary, Let. Susan Burney
25 Aug., After ten we took a comfortable walk, which made
up for our late dismalities. 1867 Miss Brappon Birds of
Prey v.iii, The desert of Sahara is somewhat dismal .. but
in its dismality there is at least a flavour of romance. 1890
H. M. Srantey Sf. in Lit. World 11 July 33/2 The dismali-
ties of the march from the Albert Nyanza to the East Coast.
Bi‘smalize, v. [See -1zE.] ¢rans. To make
or render dismal. Hence Dismalized /#/. a.
1734 Lavy M. W. Montacu Let. to Duchess of Portland
(:80¢) I, 19 Dismal faces, which by my-art I dismalized ten
times more. 1885 Masson Cardy/e i. 26 A dull and dismal-
ised blur of the facts.
Lismally, ad. [f. Dismau a. + -1y2.] In
a dismal manner; dreadfully; gloomily, dolor-
ously.
@ 1660 Hammonp Rev. ix. (R.), A lion gaping or yawning
from his prey, and the blood of it about his mouth, looks
very dismally. 1670 Eacuarp Cont. Clergy 95 If he be
either notoriously ignorant or dismally poor. 1709 STEELE
Tatler No. 38 » 6, I dismally dread the Multiplication of
these Mortals under..a settled Peace. 1794 Worpsw. Guilt
§ Sorrow xlii, Dismally tolled that night the city clock !
1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge i, The wind howled dismally
among the bare branches of the trees. 1874 Morey Com-
promise (1886) 114 Their doctrine was dismally insufficient,
and sometimes.. divectly vicious.
Di‘smalness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.] The
quality of being dismal; depressing dreariness or
gloom ; dolefulness.
1620 SHELTON Quix. III. xxxiv. 245 The Night came on
.-not so light and calm..but a certain Dismalness it had.
1653 GATAKER Vind. Annot. Fer, 42 All the dismalnes ..
should be over, as soon as the interruption of those radiant
rayes were remooved. 1832 Examiner 65/1 He is like to the
raven in..the dismalness cfhis croak. 1879 BLack A/acleod
of D. xv, The dismalness of being alone here. .eats more and
more into my heart.
Disman (disme‘n), v. [f. Dis- 7+ Man s6.]
+1. trans. To undo as aman; to deprive of what
constitutes the man. Ods.
heme Fetruam Resolves 1. xlvii. 149 Man by death is
absolutely divided and disman’d, 1633 Eart Mancn. AZ
Mondo (2636) 162 There is no spectacle. . more terrible, than
to behold ‘a dying man, to stand by, and see a man dis-
manned. 1651 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. i, (2739) 6 All
is faint in that man that hath once dismanned himself.
59* —2
DISMANACLE.
~ 2. To deprive (a country, etc.) of men.
1863 Kinctake Crimea 1. xiv. 293 This is why I have
chosen to say that France was dismanned.
+Dismarnacle, v. Ods. rare. [Dis- 7a.]
trans. ‘To free from manacles or shackles.
1627-47 Fevtuam Resolves 311 Till it [the soul] be dis-
manacled of the clogging flesh. «1641 Br. Mounracu Acts
& Mon. (1642) 39 Such Caitifes as .. are dismanacled, un-
shackled, raised up,
+ Dismand, -mau‘nd, v. V/s. [ad. Sp.
desmandar to countermand, refl. desmandarse to
disband, stray from the flock, obs. It. désmandarsi
‘in Grison is taken when a horse doth flie or depart
out of the ring or compasse where he is ridden’
(Florio), f. des-, Dis- 4 + mandar, L. mandare to
command.] ref. ‘Vo disband, to go off duty.
1598 Barret Theor. Warres tv. i. 98 Vpon small occasions
doe they dismande themselues. /fd. 103 Not to suffer any
souldier. .to dismaunde himselfe.. vntill the whole Regiment
be all entred.
+ Disma‘ngle, v. O¢s. rare. [Dis- 5.] frans.
To cut in pieces; =Mancie. Hence + Dis-
mangling ff/. a. Obs.
1659 D. Pett /mpr. Sea 392 Ships..in which lye murder-
ing Guns, mortal engines, and dismangling bullets. bid.
611 Decks be-decked with all sorts of dismangling bullets.
Dismantle (dismz-nt’l), v. [ad. obs. F. des-
manteller ‘to take a mans cloake off his backe;
also, to dismantle, raze, or beat downe the walls
of a fortresse’ (Cotgr. 1611), mod.F, démanteler,
f. des- Dis- 4+ manteler to cloak, MANTLE.]
+1. trans. To divest of a mantle or cloak ; to un-
cloak. Z¢. and fig. Also b. zntr. (for refl.) Obs.
1605 Bacon Adv. Learn, u. xxiii. § 32 He must take heed
he shew not himselfe dismantelled and exposed to scorne
and iniury. r61r Suaxs. Wint. 7. 1v. iv. 666 Muffle your
face, Dis-mantle you, and .. disliken The truth of your own
seeming. 1623 Cockeram, Désmantle, to vncloath one.
1691 Norris Pract, Disc. 57 When the warm influence of
a like-perswaded Princes Favour, invites him to come abroad
and dismantle his Secrecies.
b. 1638 Sir T. Hernert Trav. (ed. 2) 33 A delicious
streame..refreshes the fields, forcing Flora to dismantle.
2. To divest or strip of (any clothing, covering,
protection, or the like).
1602 SHaks. /fam. 11. ii. 293 This Realme dismantled was
of Ioue himselfe. 1654 H. L'Estrance Chas. / (1655) 55
Authority, whereof if Soveraignty be once dismantled, once
stript, she is soon trampled upon. 1674 N. Cox Gentl. Re-
creat. 1. (1677) 166 Pluming, ts after the Hawk hath seized
her Prey, and dismantles it of the Feathers. 1784 Cowper
Task vi.178 All this uniform uncoloured scene Shall be dis-
mantled of its fleecy load. 1821 Compre Wife 111. 161 The
chin dismantled of its beard. 1879 F. Pottox Sfort Brit.
Burmah M1. 73 Houses. .dismantled of their roofs.
+3. To strip off or remove (that which covers).
1605 SHAks. Lear 1. i. 220 To dismantle So many folds of
fauour. 1647 Warp Simp. Cobler (1843) 26 Such exotic
garbes, as..dismantles their native lustre.
4. To strip (any thing) of the necessary equip-
ment, furniture, or apparatus, to unfurnish; esf. to
strip (a fortress) of its defences and equipments ; to
strip (a vessel) of its sails, rigging, etc., to unrig.
1601 Hottanp Pliny I, 136 The Persians caused this Hyp-
parenum to be dismantled. 1639 Futter Holy War ut. iv.
(1647) 114 Saladine .. dismantled all his cities in the Holy
land. 1772 Ann. Reg. 237/2 The Favorite frigate shall be
dismantled, by putting her rudder on shore. 1778 Eng.
Gazetteer (ed, 2) s.v. Leicester, Before the castle was dis-
mantiled, it was a prodigious building. 1794 Sutuivan View
Nat. Il. 198 When Greece was dismantled by the Romans.
1643 Prescott A/e.xico (1850) I. 226 One of those tempests
+. fell with terrible force on the little navy. .dismantling
some of the ships, 3891 T. W. Reiww Life La. Houghton 1.
x. 449 Engaged. .in dismantling the rooms. .which had been
oe so many a) his home in London.
Aaa + Roserts Looker-on (1794) I. 431. No. 30
Calectaten..te dismantle the mind and scatter its materials
of knowledge. .
5. To render (fortifications, or the like) useless
for their purpose; to pull down, take to pieces,
destroy, raze.
1579 Fenton Guicciard. w. 153 The Florentins .. bound
them selues .. to dismantle euen to the earth, the bastillion
which had so much molested the Siennoys. 1581 Mutcaster
Positions vi. (1887) 42 Vntill such time, as nature shall dis-
mantle, and pull it (the body] downe her selfe, x H.
Cooan tr. Pinto's Trav. xxxvili. 153 Causing all the walls of
it to be dismantelled, he razed the place quite to the ground.
1672 Comper Comp. Temple w § 3 (R.) Sin .. defaceth its
beauty, dismantles its strength, and brings down its highest
and noblest faculties. 1853 Six H. Douctas Aidit. Bridges
(ed. 3)371 The gun was dismounted. .the carriage dismantled
and conveyed piecemeal to the ee shore.
Hence Dismantling v//. sb. ; Disma‘ntler, one
who dismantles or strips,
1611 Cotcr., Desmantellement,adismantling. 1649 Mitton
Eikon. xxi. Wks. (1847) 323/1 For the dismantling of his
letters he wishes ‘they may be covered with the cloak of
confusion’. 1747 Goutp Eng. Ants 77 The dismantling of
the Nymphs is also an additional Task in reference to the
Workers, 1758 Monthly Rev. 534 The dismantlers of our
woods and groves. 1889 Atheneum 2 Nov.596/2 The utterly
wanton dismantling of the Guesten Hall [at Worcester].
Dismasntled, //. a. [f. prec.+-ED1.] De-
prived of clothing, equipment, or fortifications.
1600 E. BLounr tr. Conestaggio 309 The citie of Angra and
all other places being dismantled and weake, they no
other defence then the landing, 1800 Cowrrr //iad (ed. 2)
xu, 486 The dismantled wall, 1868 Freeman Norm. Cong.
(1876) IT. viii. 207 He repaired and garrisoned the dismantled
468
Faxrar St. Paud (1883) 244 The driven dis-
tlement. [f. as prec. + -mENt: cf.
mod.F, démantel t, older desmantell t.]
The act or process of dismantling. .
1870 Daily News 22 Dec., The fortifications on the horse-
shoe enceinte .. are now also u i
of dismantlement. 1876 Symonps Grk. Poets Ser. u. ix. 332
‘Then came the dismantlement of Athens by Lysander. 1882
Standard 14 July, The ultimatum then gave the choice of
lis 1 or bombardment. ;
Dismasrble, v. [Dis- 7.] ¢rans. To free from
marble, divest of marble-like appearance.
1830 W. Taviton Hist. Surv. Germ. Poetry WU. 397 Dis-
marbled, free, he stalks around. 1855 M. Axnotp Poems,
Youth & Calm 3 There's nothing can dismarble now The
smoothness of that limpid brow.
+Dismarrch, v. Oés. [ad. 16th c. F. des-
marcth-er ‘to step, or goe, backe . . to retire. . loose
ground’ (Cotgr.), f. des- Dis- 4 + marcher to
Marcu.) zz¢r. ‘To march or fall back, to retreat ;
to march off, retire. Hence + Disma‘rching 7/. s/.
1596 Life Scanderbey 225 He [Scanderbeg] dismarched
therefore with as great secrecy as possible. 1600 HoLttanp
Livy u. \xiii. 86 The enemies..dismarched away [adeunt]
as speedely as theycould. 1623 BincHam Xenophon 115 To
dismarch from an enemy, was euer held dishonourable by a
man of valour. 1635 BarriFre Jil. Discipl. \xxxii. (1643)
234 Of dismarchin , or firing in the Reere. a
+ Disma‘rch, sé. Obs. rare. [ad. 16th c. F.
desmarche, f. desmarcher: see prec.] A retreat.
1600 Hottanp Livy xxv. xxxili, 574 The enemie .. traced
him hard at heeles in his dismarch [aéeuntium).
ma‘rk, v. vare. [ad. obs. F. desmarguer
now démargue) ‘to take away the marke from’.]
trans. To deprive of (distinguishing) marks.
1632 Thomas of Reading in Thoms Prose Rom. (1858) 1.
146 ‘Then before the horse should go from thence, he would
dismarke him, 1894 Blackw. May. Dec. 850/1 Before the
horse left this, the man dismarked him, cropped his ears, etc.
Disma‘rket,. [Dis-7b.] ‘vans. To deprive
of the legal character and privileges of a market.
1878 Daily News 13 Dec., The Court proposed to dismarket
the two existing Leadenhall markets, and had .. applied to
Parliament for the requisite powers.
+Disma‘rry, v. Ols. rare. [ad. 16th c. F.
desmarter ‘to diuorce, vnwed, or vnmarrie’ (Cotgr.),
f. des-, Dis- 4 + marier to Mapry.] ¢rans. To
annul the marriage of.
1525 Lo. Berners Froiss. I]. cxc. [clxxxvi.] 583 He was
dismaryed, and maryed agayne to another gentylwoman.
, v. Obs. rare. [Dis- 6.] trans.
To derange, disorder, throw into confusion.
1630 Drumo. or Hawtn. Flowers Sion 31 What was dis-
marshalled late .. Is now most perfect seen.
+ Disma‘sk, v. O/s. ;
‘to vnmaske, discouer, pull, or take off his maske’
(Cotgr.), f. des-, Dis- 4 + masgue Mask.] trans.
To divest of a mask or covering ; to unmask.
1588 Suaxs. L. L. L. v. ii. 296 Faire Ladies maskt, are
Roses in their bud: Dismaskt..Are Angels vailing clouds,
or Roses blowne. 1599 Sanpys Europe Spec. (1632) 184 Their
plausible pretences being now dismasked. 1633 T. Star-
rorp Pac. Hib. i. (1821) 1 To dismaske themselves of that
cloake of subjection which before they pretended. 1651
Watton in Relig. Wotton (1672) 213 The Marquess ..
thought best to dismask his Beard.
Dismast (disma'st), v. [f. Dis- 7a + Masr
sb.3 cf. F. démdter, obs. desmaster (1680 in Hatz.-
Darm.).] ¢rans. To deprive (a ship) of masts; to
break down the masts of.
1747 Gentl. Mag. XVII. 486 She fired single guns at
us, in order to dismast us. 1748 Amson's Voy. u. v. 172.
1823 Lincarn //ist. Eng. V1. 17 His ship was quickly dis-
masted by the superior fire of his adversary. ese | Prescotr
Mexico (1850) 1. 200 A furious storm .. dismasted his ship.
Hence Disma:sted /9/. a.; also Disma’stment
(ch. F. démdtement], + Disma‘sture, the action of
dismasting a ee
1 Fatconer S. a yt 1. 749 The hull dismasted there
awhile may ride. 1781 ArsutHnor in Westm. Mag. 1X. 265
My letter .. will have acquainted their Lordships with the
..dismasture of the Bedford, in a gale of wind. 1828
fortress.
mantled hulk.
Disma
~| Wensrer refers to Marsnat for Dismastment. 1868 Morris
Earthly Par. 1. 98 Leaky, d d, a most helpless prey
‘To winds and waves.
Disma‘tch, v. rare. [Dis- 6.] “vans, Not
to match or suit. Hence Disma‘tchment.
1s9t Syivester Du Bartas 1. v. 907 Blush not (my book)
nor think it thee dismatches,To beare about vpon thy paper-
Tables, Flies, Butterflies, [etc.]. 1847 Mrs. Gore Caséles in
the Air iv. (Hoppe), The dismatchment of the furniture.
+ Dismaw’, v. Obs. rave. [Dis-70¢.] ¢rans.
To empty out from the maw.
1620 Suetton Quix, IV. vii. 50 You may dismaw all that
you have in your troubled heart and grieved entrails.
Dismay (dismé'), sé. [f. Dismay v. Cf. Sp.
desmayo a swoon, dismay, B: desmaio a fainting
fit, It. smago (Korti per iy rom the corresp. vbs.
Utter loss of moral courage or resolution in pros-
pect of danger or difficulty; faintness of heart from
terror or from feeling of inability to cope with peril
or calamity,
1590 Spenser F, Q. u1. xi. 41 Awhile he stood in this aston-
ishment, Yet would he not for all his great dismay Give over
to effect his first intent. 1596 Suaks. A/erch. V. 1. ii, 61
With much more dismay I view the fight, then thou that
oing a vigorous process |
[ad. obs. F. desmasquer
DISMAYFULLY.
mak’st the fray. Mitton P. ZL. u. 422 Each In other's
count’nance red oy dismay. = Pirr 4ineid vu.
(R.), Ev’n hell's grim shook dire dismay.
Cowrer Jliad xu. 54 He no dismay Conceives or terror in
noble heart. 1836 W. Irvine Astoria III, 56 Our unfor-
tunate travellers, plated their situation .. in perfect
dismay, 1838 Tuirtwatt Greece V. xl. 144 An eclipse of the
sun spread universal dismay at Thebes. 1863 Gro. ELior
Romola 1, xii, [She] lifted. .her hands in mute disma: “a
b. Dismaying influence or operation. Oés.
1594 Spenser A moretti \xxxvii, I wander as in darkenesse
of _ night, Affrayd of every dangers least dismay. 1596
— F.Q. V. ii. 50 Like as a ship, whom cruell tempest drives
U a rocke with horrible dismay.
i (dismé'-), v.t Forms: 3-4 demay(e,
4 demay3e, desmai, 4-5 dismaye, dysmay, 4-
dismay, (4~-6dismaie, 5 desmaye, dis-,dysamay).
[Appears to represent anOF. or AF, type*desmaier,
démaier (Palsgr. has a pa. pple: désmayé) = Sp.
desmayar ‘to dismay, to discourage .. to swoune’
Minsheu), Pg. desmaiar, It. smagare ‘to trou-
ble, to vexe, to annoy’ (Florio), Komanic type
*dismagare, f, dis-, DIs- 4+ -mag-, app. ad. OHG.
magan to be powerful or able (see May v.); cf.
Amay, Esmay, representing the ordinary OF. form
esmater :—*exmagire.]
l. trans. To deprive of moral courage at the
prospect of peril or trouble; to appal or paralyze
with fear or the feeling of being undone; utterly
to discourage, daunt, or dishearten, refi. + To be
filled with dismay; to lose courage entirely.
1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 156 He wende forp, and so3te out
here fon, Some heo fonde ligge ss heo demayde hem
anon. 13.. Guy Warw. (A.) 1645 Nowe gop Gij sore des-
maid, His woundes him han iuel afreyd. c1340 Gaw. § Gr.
Knut. 470 Dere dame, to day demay yow neuer. ¢ 1350 Will.
Palerne 3800 Pou3h bere be mani_mo ban 3e, dismaie 3¢
nou3t perfore. 1413 Pilger. Sowde (Caxton 1483) 1v. xxxviii.
64 He helde hym self abasshed, and RS I c LypcG
Chron. Troy V. xxxvi, In herte for loue disamayde. 1
B. Gooce Heresbach's Husb. wi. (1586) 154 That both
his barking he may discover, and with his sight dismay the
Theefe. 1615 J. Srernens Satyr. Ess. Avui, Let not this
dismay Thee. 1781 Gipson Decl. & F. II. xlvi. 730 The
enemies were dispersed and dismayed. Loner. Gold.
Leg. 1. Chamber in Castle Vautsberg, 1 heard...Of your
maladies.. Which neither astonished nor dismayed me.
+ 2. To defeat or rout by sudden onslaught. Oés.
(Cf. 1297 in 1.] 1596 Spenser F. Q. v. ii. 8 He. .there as-
saies His foe confused. .That horse and man he equally dis-
maies. /bid. v1. x. 13 When the bold Centaures made that
bloudy fray With the fierce Lapithes which did them dismay.
+3. intr. To become utterly discouraged or faint-
hearted. Ods.
21375 Foseph Arim. 31 Whon Ioseph herde per-of, he bad
Res ind demay3en. ata Hawes Past. Pleas. xxx1v. v, Be
of good chere, and for nothyeg dismaye. _ 1578 T. N. tr.
Cong. W. India 227 For all those bragges Cortez dismaide
not. 591 Suaxs. 1 Hen. VJ, m. iii. 1 Dismay not (Princes)
at this accident. 1596 J. Noxpen (¢/t/e), A Christian .. In-
couragement vnto all English Subiects not to dismaie at the
Spanish Threats.
ay’, v.2 Obs. nonce-wd, [f. Dis- 7a +
May sé.] trans. To strip of May-blossom,
1610 G. Fiercner Christ's Vict. (1888) 99 And may, dis-
mayed, Thy coronet must be.
+ Dismayd, ff/.a. (In Spenser.) Explained
by editors, for *dzsmade, i. e. mis-made, mis-shapen.
1590 Srenser /*. Q. 11. xi. 11 Whose hideous shapes were
like to feendes of hell, Some like to houndes, some like to
Apes, dismayd.
Dismayed (dismé'-d), sf/. a. Also 4 desmaid,
6 dismade, 6-8 -mai(e)d. [f. Dismay v.! +-ED!.]
Overwhelmed with fear, etc.; a gates.
1513 More in Grafton Chron, ise) I, gia The Queene
.. sate alone alowe.. all desolate, and ayed. 1561
Hottysusun Hom. Apoth, 22a, Then is he halve dismade
and heavy, 1624 Cart, Smitn Virginia v. 196 Newes was
brought the Gouernor by a dismaied Messenger. 1743
. Davivson 42xeid yin. 238 Then first our men behel
‘acus dismaid. 1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. I. 218 His
ardent and unconquerable spirit .. soon roused the courage
of his dismayed countrymen. ;
. [f prec. + -nEss.] Dis-
mayed state or condition ; utter dispiritedness.
1571 GoLpinc Calvin on Ps, xxii. 2 Hereupon came that
dissmaydnesse and dread, which compelled him too crave
release of death. 1603 Hottanp P/utarch's Mor. 163 That
shame and dismaiednesse which maketh us that we dare not
looke a man jn the face. 1649 Winturor New Eng. (1853)
I. 12 There appeared no fear or dismayedness amoung them.
170r W. Wotton Hist, Rome i. 19 Never discovering per-
plexity, dismayedness .. or distrust.
er. [f. Dismay v.+-ER1.] One who
dismays or appals.
1594 Soutnwett I. Maga. Fun. Teares 26 What
shee by their comming, but .. two dismayers of her ?
ax62z Ainswortu Annot, Ps. liv. 5 (1639) 83 Daunting
tyrants, terrible dismayers, as Saul and his retinue.
i yful,«, [f, Dismay sé.+-ruL.] Full
of or fraught with dismay ; appalling. ;
¢ 1586 poy Pembroke Ps, cv. et For Sheerefull lightes
dismayfull lightnings shine. 1596 Srunser F. Q. v. xi. 26
Much dismay'd with that dismayfull 1628 R. Hopart
Edw. 11, cix, In that sad_dismaifull of dying. 1876
G. eee T. Wingfield vi, That thought of all most
dismayful. anal
Hence Dismay fully adv., in dismay.
1596 Srenser /. Q. v. viii, 38 From which like mazed
deare dismayfully they flew,
ee
DISMAYING.
+ Dismay ing, vbl, sb. Obs. [f. Dismay v. +
-1n¢}.] The action of the vb, Dismay ; daunting;
dismay.
13.. A. Adis. 2801 Men myghte ther y-seo hondis wrynge
way, and gret dismayng. 1571 Gotpinc Calvin on Ps.
xlvi. 3 There is no cause of dismaying in y* faythfull. 16x1
Buse Jer. xIviii. 39 So shall Moab be a derision, and a dis-
maying to all them about him. 1666 Pepys Diary 4 July.
It was pure dismaying and fear which made them all run
upon the ‘ Galloper’.
Disma: i Za. [-ING*.] That dismays.
» Pp )
1653 GataKer Vind, Annot. Yer. 96 They fil mens heds
with dismaying fears. 1816 Scorr BZ. Divar/ ii, They pre-
sented themselves with a readiness which he felt to be some-
what dismaying. 1817 Suettey Rev. /slam iu. xix, To tread
life’s dismaying wilderness Without one smile to cheer.
Hence + Dismay‘ingly adv. Ods.
173t Baitey, Dismayingly, dishearteningly.
mayl(e, obs. form of Dismal 7.
+Dismay'ment. 0és. [f. Dismay z. +-MEN'.]
= Dismay sd., dismaying.
1600 F, Wacker SP. Alandeville 66b, He.. bad him be of
ood courage, and shake off that dismaiment. a 1640 W.
| oo Sacr. Faithfull (1648) 39 A base dismayment of
spirit below or beneath the strength that is ina man. 1642
ocers Naaman 45 Naaman heere had his dismaiments,
Disme (daim), var. of Dime sé.andv. The sé.,
besides its historical use in the senses ‘ tenth’ and
‘tithe’, is used, in the earliest Eng. book on the
subject, for ‘Decimal arithmetic’, also aéfrz). or
as adj. =‘ decimal’.
1608 A. Norton (¢i#/e) Disme : The Art of Tenths, or De-
cimall Arithmeticke. .invented by Simon Stevin. /ézd.Cj b,
Disme is a kind of Arithmeticke, invented by the tenth pro-
gression .. by which also all accounts .. are dispatched by
whole numbers, without fractions or broken numbers. /di.
Cijb, The numbers of the second and third Definitions be-
fore-going [-364, ¢3759] are generally called Disme numbers.
Lbid., There are 3 orders of Disme numbers giuen.
+Dismeacnor, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 7 + meanous
in DemMeanour: cf. MISMEANOUR.] To misbehave,
misconduct (oneself).
1s98 Barrer Theor. Warres w. i. 102 ‘Vaking..care. . the
souldiers dismeanour not themselues.
+ Dismea‘surable, «. Ods. Also des-. [a.
OF. desmesurable (in Godef.), f. des-, Dis- 4 +
mesurable MEASURABLE.] Beyond measure, im-
moderate, excessive. Hence Dismea‘surably adv,
immoderately, excessively.
1474 Caxton Chesse m1. vii. H viij, 1 make them liue in
misery that I see lyue dismeasurably. ¢1477 — Yason 16
‘To whom he gaf so demesurable a stroke in the middes of
his shelde that he perced hit. /é/d. 31 To the knight..
he gaf a strook so dismesurably that he clefte his hede.
T measure, @. Uds.vare. In 5 dysme-
sure, [app. a, OF. desmesuré, pa. pple. of des-
mesurer; see next.] = DISMEASURED.
¢ 1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 102 Pay shalle hate
be as dysmesure.
+ Dismea‘sure, v. Ods. [ad. OF. desmesurer
(Godef.) to go to excess or beyond measure, f, des-,
Dis- 4 + mesurer to MEASURE, Cf. Sp. desmesurar
‘to be vnmeasurable, to be vnruly’ (Minsheu).]
reft, To show want of moderation in one’s conduct.
1598 Barrer Theor. Warres u. i. 19 It is his part to appre-
hend the offenders, yet in such sort, that he dismeasure him-
selfe with none, but execute the same with great moderation.
+ Dismea‘sured, a. Os. Also des-, dys-.
[f Dis- + MEAsuRED, repr. OF, desmesuré.]
1. Unmeasured; out of measure; immoderate,
excessive ; going beyond bounds, unrestrained.
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 123/3, I..wende to haue saued
the and thou art desmesured in worldly loue and flesshly.
@ 1533 Lv. Berners Gold. Bk. M, Aurel. (1546) Bij, | wyll
not that my penne bee so dismeasured to reproue so muche
the aunciente men. 1585 T. Wasnincron tr. Nicholay’s
Voy. 1. ix. 43 Sapho .. in a fury and rage of a love dis-
measured, she cast her selfe.. into the Sea.
b. Excessive in size, immense.
1584 B. R, Herodotus 10b, A wyld bore strangely dis-
measured and overgrowne.
2. Wrongly measured ; in false measure.
1574 HeLtowrs Gueuara's Fam. Ep. 50 To them he giueth
all things variable, dismeasured, and by false weight.
3. as adv. Immoderately.
1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 64 O Paynym, dysmesured al day
thou vauntest the.
Disme'ddle, v. Os. rare. [ad. ONF. des-
medler, OF. desmesler, -meller ‘to loosse, open. .
disintangle’ (Cotgr.), mod.F, déméler, f. des-, Dis-
4+ medler, mesler, méler to mingle, mix.] frans.
To unfasten, loosen, disentangle.
1480 Caxton Ovid's Met. xiv. xiii, She opened her breste
-.and dysmedlid her blonke heeris,
ember (disme'mba1), v. Forms: 4-6
dis-,dysmembre, 5 desmembre, 5- dismember;
also 3-6 demembre: see DememBer. [a. OF.
desmentbre-r (11th c, in Hatz,-Darm.), mod.F. dé-
membrer = Pr., Sp., and It. desmembrar, It. di)s-
membrare, med.L. dismembrare and démembrére,
f, Dis- 4, DE- 6 + membrum limb.]
1. “rans. To deprive of limbs or members ; to cut
off the limbs or members of; to tear or divide limb
from limb, (In quot. 1697, to castrate.)
3297 R. Grouc. (1724) 559 Most reupe it was ido, Pat sir
Simon pe olde man demembred was so, ¢ 1380 Six so
469
1159 Pat we ne scholde to depe gon, be hangid & to-drawe,
Ouber be demembrid euerechoun. c¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 3488
Dyssmembrit as marters, & murtheret to dethe. 1540-1
Etyor /mage Gov. 46 Ye woulde with your owne handes
dismembre hym_ & plucke him in pieces. @1618 Raveici
Mahomet 42 biol Ataulpho entering ..dismembred of nose
and ears, 1697 Porrer Antig. Greece u. iii. (1715) 204
Some were so rigid Observers of the rules of chastity that. .
they dismember’d themselves. 1725 Pore Odyss. ut. 32:
Fowls obscene dismember'’d his remains, 1855 MAcAULAy
Hist, Eng. VV. 286 To be torn with redhot pincers, smeared
with melted lead, and dismembered by four horses.
b. trausf.
1705 STANHOPE Paraphr. IIL, 624 A never yet repaired
dismembring of this ‘Tree. 1726 SueLvocke Voy. round
World (1757) 257 Palm-cabbage is .. the head of this tree,
which being cut off, and dismembered of its great spreading
leaves, [etc.], 1830 J. G. Srrutr Sylva Brit. 93 Its branches
are so tough as to withstand the fury of gales that would
dismember most other trees. 1839 Murcuison Stlur. Syst.
1, xxxi, 424 Their eruption dismembered the strata.
+e. To carve: said in reference to herons and
some other birds. Oés.
1513 Lk. Keruynge in Babecs Bk. 265 Vermes of a Kerver..
Dysmembre that heron. 1514 Barc Cyt. & Uploudyshni.
(Percy Soc.) p. xliv, The Kerver .. his Knife in his hande
Dismembring a crane, or somewhat deynteous. 1804 FARLey
Lond. Art Cookery (ed. 10) 293 ‘To dismember a Hern. Cut
off the legs, lace the breast down the sides. 1885 ///ustr.
Lond. News 10 Oct. 362/3.
2. fig. To divide into parts or sections, so
as to destroy integrity; to cut up, cut to pieces,
mangle, mutilate; in recent use chiefly, ‘To divide
and partition (a country or empire).
1303 R. Brunne //anal. Synne 665 To swere grete opys..
As we folys do.. Dysmembre lesu alle pat we may, —¢ 1330
— Chron. (1810) 313 Pe coroune forto saue Dismembred
not a dele. 1494 Fasyan Chron. vi. exlvii. 133 So dyd
this Charlis dismembre and cut or breke the enemyes of
Fraunce throughe his hyghe prowesse. 1585 Aue. SANDYS
Sernz, (1841) 246 Such doctrines as do either poison the
church with heresy, or dismember and rent it asunder with
schism. 1624 N. De Lawne tr. Du AMoulin's Logick 123
He .. must dismember the said question into two parts.
1734 tr, Rollin's Anc, Hist. (1827) 1. 168 His dominions were
dismembered. 1840 Cakty.e //eroes iii, (1872) 106 Italy
poor Italy lies dismembered, scattered asunder, not appez
ing in any protocol or treaty us a unity at all. 1874 GREEN
Short Hist. ii. § 2. 65 Mercia had been dismembered to pro-
vide another earldom for his son.
+3. To cut off, sever from the body (a limb or
member). (In quot. 1616, ‘To mangle or mutilate.)
1580 [see DisMemBERED ffé. a. 2]. 1601 Hoitann Pliny
II. 423 When any part of the body is cut off or dismembred.
1616 Surri. & Mark. Country Farime 126 The slitting of
a horses nosthrils.. by dismembring the organ or instrument
whereby he draweth vp the aire, doth breed in him a greater
difficultie of breathing. 1675 ‘RAHERNE Chr. Ethics xx. 319
A hand, or foot dismembred from the body. 1694 tr. J/7/-
ton's Lett. State Feb. an. 1655 Wks. (1851) 339 The wresting
of the Kingdom of Poland from Papal Subjection, as it
were a Horn dismembred from the Head of the Beast,
+b. fig. and transf. To cut off, separate, sever,
from the main body: chiefly in reference tu a country
or region. ? Obs,
1580 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 922 ‘Vo dismember the other
‘Towns of Boeotia from the city of Thebes. 1776 Ginzon
Decl. & F. 1. xiii. 271 Britain was thus dismembered from
the empire. 1802 R. Brookes Gazetteer (ed. 12) s.v. Polotsk,
Part of a palatinate of Lithuania, dismembered from Poland
by the treaty of partition in 1772. c1815 Jane AUSTEN
Persuas, u. ii, Having dismembered himself from the
paternal tree,
4. [f. Dis- 7 b+ Mermser.] To cut off from mem-
bership.
1649 Prynne Vind. Liberty Eng. 10 The House of Com-
mons. . having no move Authority to dis-member their fellow-
members, then any Judges. .have to dis-judge,.their fellow
Judges. 1683 T. Hunt Def Charter Lond. 42 Leave to
go out of that Society, and dismember themselves. @ 1734
Nortn Lives I. 175 The parliament met, and .. the new
members were attacked .. and were soon dismembered by
vote of the house. 1884 S. S. Seat in Solicitors’ Frul.
8 Nov. 30/2 Becoming a defaulter ., would have involved
his being dismembered from the Exchange.
Hence Disme’mbering ///. a.
1861 J. G. SHepparp Fadl Rome 1.59 Long before the dis-
membering deed of Constantine.
Disme-mbered, ///. «. [f. prec. +-xp!.]
1. Deprived of members or limbs; divided limb
from limb; cut or broken in pieces; mangled,
mutilated. a. dé.
1552 Huxorr, Dismembred or lackynge some lymmes.
21656 Be. Hatt Vccas. Medit, (1851) 152 We have seen
mountebanks, to swallow dismembered toads. 1752 Foorre
Taste 1. (ed. 4) 25 Let me embrace the dear, dismember'’d
Bust! 1827 Pottox Course 7. vin, Old vases and dis-
membered idols. >
b. transf. and fig. (In quot. 1578 of leaves:
Divided, cut.)
1578 Lyte Dodoens v. x\viii. 612 The leaves be almost lyke
the leaves of Coriander, but dismembered and parted into
smaller jagges or frengis. 1603 Knottes Hist. 7urks (1621)
85 This dismembered empire, now in the hands of many.
1862 S. Lucas Secularia = Dabioas fragments of a dis-
membered truth.
e. fer, Of a charge representing an animal :
Depicted without limbs or members ; or, with the
members separate from the body as if just cut
off,
1572 Bossewett Armorie u. 42 Howe many and sundrie
wayes they [Lions] are borne in armes, as ,. Couped, Dis-
membred, Vulned. 1727-51 Cuambers Cycl., Dismembered,
DISMEMBRATOR.
in heraldry, is applied to birds that have neither feet nor
legs ; us also to lions, and other animals, whose members
are separated, 1882 Cussans //er. vi. 90 A Lion rampant
dismembered is borne by the Maitland Family.
+2. Cut off or severed, as a limb or member ;
severed from the main body. Ods.
1580 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 729 When these poor dis-
membred members were brought to Rome, Antonius ..
commanded his head and his hands shculd .. be set up
over the pulpit. 1666 BoyLe Orig. Formes & Qual, ‘The
dismembred part of the Plant may retain the texture of its
more stable parts. 1820 W. Irvinc Sketch Bh, 1. 57 They
are a dismembered branch of the great Appalachian family.
Disme’mberer. Also 5 de-. [f. as prec. +
-ER!.] One who or that which dismembers.
(In Puttenham, the rhetorical figure DIALysis. )
1491 [see Demembrer]. 1589 PurteNHAM Eng. Poesie ut.
xix. (Arb.) 230 #argin, Dialisis, or the Dismembrer .. A
maner of speach not vnlike the dilemma of the Logicians.
1865 W. Kay Crisis //upfeldiana 17 note, So much even the
Dismemberers are compelled to allow. 1870 Daily News
27 Sept., When... the famous ‘ dismemberer’ Frederick II,
obtained impunity for his rape of Western Poland.
Disme’mbering, 2?/. 5d. [f. as prec. + -ING!.]
1. The action of the verb DisMEMBER; dismem-
berment.
€ 1386 CHaucer Pars. 7. P 517 For cristes sake ne swereth
nat so synfully in dismembrynge of Crist, by soule, herte,
bones, and body. 1563-87 Foxr 4. 4 Jf. (1596) 157/2 That
no bishop nor .. clergie should be at the judgement of anie
mans death or dismembring. 1612 Woopatt Surg. A/ate
Wks. (1653) 2 In dismembring of the legge or arm below
the knee or elbow, 1677 Govt, Venice 75 The dismembring
of Bressia.. from the Dutchy of Milan. 1816 Kearince
Trav. (1817) I. 244 Shooting, beheading, maiming, and dis-
membering, all are executed as the monarch awards upon
the spot. :
+ 2. concer. A division into members; a separate
member or part. Obs. rare.
1603 FLorio WWoxtafene ut. x. (1632) 570 Of so many dis-
membrings (Fr, #eméres] that Sufficiency hath, patience
sufficeth us.
3. attrib.
1612 Woovait Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 3 ‘Vhe dismem-
bring saw. 1715 Kersey, Désmembring-kuyc, a Surgeon's
Instrument to cut off a Limb, etc.
Dismemberment. [f Dismember v. +
-MENT: cf, OF. desmembrement, mod. dé-.]
1. The act of depriving of members or limbs, or
of dividing limb from limb.
1816 Kirsy & Sp. Lntomol. (1843) I. 45 The..dismember-
ments and lingering deaths that insects often suffer. 1816
Keatince 7yav. (1817) L. 245 Thus dismemberment is now
the usual punishment for crimes, whereby death is supposed
to _be earned.
2. transf. and fiy. Division of a whole into parts
or sections, so as to destroy its integrity ; cutting
to pieces, partition (e.g. of a country or empire).
1751 Botincproke /he Occasional Writer No, 11 (R.)
‘To prevent the dismemberment of their monarchy. 1772
«inn, Keg. 2 The present violent dismemberment and parti-
tion of Poland. 1849 CosprEn Sfeeches 69 Now, don’t give
faith to the idea... that self-government for the colonies is
the same thing as dismemberment of the empire. 1866
Feiton snc. § Mod. Gr. 1, vii. 111 Modern criticism has...
attempted the same process of dismemberment as with the
lliad,
b. Separation trom the main body. vave.
1838 Prescorr Ferd. § /s. (1846) I. ii, Aversion .. to the
dismemberment of their country from the Aragonese mon-
archy. /déd. I, v. 233 Isabella .. would not consent to the
dismemberment of a single inch of the Castilian territory.
@, quasi-concr. A detached part formed by sepa-
ration from the main body.
1830 Linptey Nat. Syst. Bot. 98 Vhis order approaches
more near to Urticea and Cupulifera: than either Platanex:
or Salicinez, which may be considered dismemberments of
it. 1873 Mivarr Llem, Anat, iv. 169 An extra bone which
exists in many vertebrates..is most probably a dismember-
ment of the scaphoid, :
3. Expulsion or cutting off from membership.
1658-9 Burton's Diary (1828) III. 262 Reports from the
Committee of Privileges and Dismemberment,
Dissmembrate, 7. sae. [f. ppl. stem of
med.L. désmembrare to DISMEMBER.] ¢vans. To
disintegrate or dismember ; sfec. so as to separate
the flour from the bran after grinding.
1877 Specif. Patent No. 4099 (Pieper), The design of a
sees by which the products obtained from roller mills
may be finally reduced or ‘dismembrated’.
+ Dismembra‘tion. Oés. [ad. med.L. ds-
membration-em, n. of action f. désmembrare: see
-ation. Cf, OF, demanbration (1366 in Godef.),
and DEMEMBRATION,] = DISMEMBERMENT.
1597 [see Dememsration). 1653 GaTAKER Vind, Annol.
Jer. 175,A very maimed and mangled dismembration and
deartuation, rather then division and distribution of it.
1822 Scott Nigel xxx, Prosecuted on the lesser offence..
usque ad mutilationem, even to dismemberation.
Dissmembrator. [agent-n. f. med.L. ais-
mentbrare to DISMEMBER.] Something that dis-
membrates or disintegrates; spec. an apparatus
for separating flour from bran, after crushing in a
roller mill.
1877 Specif, Patent No. 4099 (Pie r) A dismembrator for
flour mills, 188x 7Zzes 18 May 6h To divide and scatter
the crushed meal..the meal passes through a dismem-
brator, consisting of discs armed with pins or pegs, one
rapidly rotating disc driving the stuff between the pins
upon [another] stationary [disc].
'DISMERIT.
+ Dismerrit,v. Os. [f. Dis-6 or 7a + Menir
v, or sb.; cf. DEMERIT v. 2-4.]
1. a. trans. To deprive of merit, take away the |
merit of; =+DrMERIT v. 2.
merit, incur blame; cf. Demerit zv. 4.
1484 Caxton Fables of Ai sop u. xix, An almesse that is
done for vayne glorye is not merited but dismeryted.
Masse tr. Aleman’s Guzman a’ Alf, u. 76 Neither my
service dis-merited with My Lord, nor their friendship
fayled me at my need.
trans. To fail to merit; =DEMERIT v. 3.
1622 Manse tr. Aleman's Guzman d'A yf. 1. 58 Since the:
have dis-merited this [blessing] by disobedi I
tr. Fonseca’s Dev. Contempl. 409 Our Sauior..would therby
giue her occasion to confesse her fault, and not to dismerit
the mercie that was offered vnto her.
+ Dismettled, 7//. a. Obs. rare. [Dis- 7 a.]
Deprived or devoid of mettle ; spiritless.
1650 Luewetiyn Pref. Verses F. Sare st Posthuma,
Graie Customs which our dead dismettled sloth Gave up.
+ Dismi-ght, v. Obs.rare. [Dis- 7a.) ¢rans.
To deprive of might, render powerless.
¢1586 C’ress Pembroke 7's. Ixxi. vii, Make them fall
disgraced, shamed, All dissmighted, all diffamed.
+ Dismi-ngle, v. 0s. rare. [Dis- 6.] trans.
To extricate, disentangle (=F. déméler).
Bf Gare 7rue Idea Fansenisme go Things being thus
dismingled and differenced. |
Disminion, disminister, ws. : see Dis- 7 b.
Dismiss (dismi's), v. Pa. t. and pple. dis-
missed; in 5-7 dismyste, -mist. [app. f. L.
dimtss- ppl. stem of dimittére to send away (see
Dimit) with the prefix altered to D1s- after the
already existing Dismit, OF. desmetre. It appears
to occur first in the pa. pple. désméssed, used
by Caxton (see sense 3) to render the OF. pa. pple.
desmis (=L. dimissus), and it is probable that
this was the way by which dismiss became at
length the accepted Eng. repr. of L. diméttére in
all its senses. It was preceded in use by Dismir,
and had to contend in 16-17th c. with the etymo-
logically more regular forms Diit, DrMiss, as
well as Demir v.2 (from F. démettre.]
1. trans. To send away in various directions,
disperse, dissolve (a gathering of people, etc.); to
disband (an army, etc.).
1582 N. T. (Rhem.) Alcs xix. 41 He dismissed the as-
semblie. 1596 Suaks. Merch. V. 1v. i. 104, I may dismisse
this Court. 1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto's Trav. vi. 16 Rely-
ing on this Treaty of Peace he dismist his Army. 1673
Ray Journ. Low C. Venice 181 After this .. the Council is
dismist. 1784 Cowper 7¢roc. 624 Dismiss their cares when
they dismiss their flock. 1819 SHELLEY Cenci 1. iii. 93 For
God's sake Let me dismiss the guests !
b. zxtr. (for ref.) To disperse from ordered
assembly ; to break ranks by word of command.
rae d A. Apamin Scott Fam. Lett, (1894) I. 155 He. .added
faintly, ‘ But it grows dark, very dark, the boys may dismiss’.
1837 Cartyce /'r, Rev. vii. ix. (1872) 1. 240 Finally the Na-
tional Assembly is harangued. .and dismisses for this night.
1859 Gen. P. THomrson Audi Alt. II. xcviii. 86 A ministry,
which .. scatters the boasted counsellors, like a battalion
on the word ‘ Dis-miss’.
2. trans. To send away (a person) ; to give per-
mission to go; to bid depart.
1548 Haut Chron., Edw. /V’. (an. 10) 214 b, So with fayre
wordes..he dismissed the messengers. 1593 SHAKS. 3 //ex.
VI, 1. ii. 78 Please you dismisse me, eyther with I, or no.
1667 Mitton P. L. vit. 108 We can .. dismiss thee ere the
Morning shine. 1725 De For Voy. round World (1840) 50
To dismiss my visitor, 1847 Tennyson Princ. 1v. 341 Your
oath is broken: we dismiss you: go.
b. ¢ransf. To send forth (a thing); to let go;
to give issue or egress to.
r6or Suaks. Ful. C.1. iii. 97 Life being wearie of these
worldly Barres, Neuer lacks power to dismisse it selfe.
1670 Cotton Esfernont. 11. 116 In a moment he vomited
out a life, that ought not to have been dismist, till after the
horror of a thousand torments, 1768 HAwkesworTH tr.
Télémague xv. (1784) 144/2 As a slinger whirls a stone that
he would dismiss with all his strength. 1854 Owen in
Cire. Se. \q 1865) 11. 65/2 They dismiss the great optic nerves
by a notch.
. To send away or remove from office, employ-
ment, or position; to discharge, discard, expel.
Const. from, t+ of, and double obj.
€1477 Caxton Fason 80 Zethephius dismissed of his office
+. attemprid his corage..so well..that{etc.]. 1481 in Ang.
Gilds (1870) 313 To be thysmyste from the forsayde frater-
nyte. 1§79 Lyty Auphues (Arb.) 194, I meane shortly to
sue to the Empresse to be dismissed of the court. 1692
Luttret. Brief Rel, (1857) Il. 369 Yesterday Sir John
Lowther was dismist the treasury. a@17zoo Drypen 70
Ld. Clifford (L.), He soon dismiss'd himself from state
affairs. 1719 De For Crusoe (1840) IL. iv.72 They dismissed
them the society. 1874 Green Short //ist. viii. § 2. 477 The
‘oe — . those of his ministers who still opposed
. erpaes : ‘ A
. To discharge from service (a hired vehicle,
etc.).
1600 E. Brount tr. Conestaggio 299 Yet did they not
dismisse their hired ships. sap Manstar Japhet jase 1375
I dismissed the coach. E
+4. To deprive or disappoint of or from some
advantage. Cf. 10a. Obs,
cx ‘AXTON Sonnes of Aymon xx. 445 He was dys
myssed of his pur r pes Trav. (Arb.) 22 The
Turke .. might, if he would, dismisse them cleane from
| Gall
470
Litucow Trav. 1. 104 The
leys .. durst not enter the harbour .. The Florentines
being dismissed of their Galleys, grew discouraged.
5. To release or discharge from confinement.
hauing any water at all.
b. intr. To lose | _ [Dysmysse in Hatliwell’s ed. of Coventry Myst. (1841) 315
| is an alteration cf the MS. dymysse.)
| sacre Irel.2 The Priests gave the People
16st N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. u. \xvi. 227 Persons
taken and imprisoned upon excommunication are ordinarily
dismist without satisfaction to the Prelate. 1709 Srryre
Ann. Ref. I. i. 38 So to dismiss them, and set them at
liberty. 1783 J. C. Smyrn in Aled. Commun. 1 146 She
-. was dismissed the hospital, perfectly cured.
b. ¢ransf. and fig.
1591 Syivester Du Bartas 1. i. (1641) 7/2 Blushing Aurora
had yet scarce dismist Mount Libanus from the Nights
gloomy Mist. 1839 De Quincey Recoll. Lakes Wks. 1862
Il. 29 Sometimes a fall from the summit of awlul precipices
has dismissed them from the anguish of perplexity .. by
dismissing them at once from life.
6. To discard, reject; es. (as Latin dimittére)
to put away, repudiate (a wife). Also adsol.
1610 SuaKs. Zemp. iv. i. 67 Broome-groues; Whose
shadow the dismissed Batchelor loues. 1614 Br. Haut
Recoll. Treat. 473 Whether the wronged husband .. should
retaine, or dismisse; dismissing, whether he may marry.
1625 Burces Pers. Tithes 34 God.. hath dismissed Leui,
and repealed that Law of Tithes. 1649 Br. Hatt Cases
Consc. 393 Breach of wedlock .. for which only had they
dismissed their wives. 1834 S. Gosat Abyssinia 346 When,
therefore, a man has dismissed his third wife.
. To put away, lay aside, divest oneself of, get
rid of. (Now vare with regard to things material.)
1675 Howses Ortyssey (1677) 162 [Gods] can their form
dismiss, And, when they will, put on a new disguise. 1683
Mrs. Benn Young Ning v. i. 53 Dismiss her fetters, and if
she please Let her have Garments suitable to her sex. @ 1700
Dryven Ovid's Met.1. (R.) The crafty God His wings
dismiss'd, but still retain’d his rod. 1772 Jounson Lett.
to Mrs. Thrale 9 Nov., This will soon dismiss all incum-
brances ; and dt no interest is paid, you will begin
annually to lay up. 1851 Ruskin Stones Ven. (1874) 1.
xxviii. 325 That the architrave shall entirely dismiss its
three meagre lines.
8. ‘To put away from the mind, leave out of con-
sideration, cease to entertain (ideas, emotions, etc.).
1592 Suaks. ben, & Ad. 425 Dismiss your vows, your
feigned tears. 1657 Mitton P. LZ. 1. 282 Dismissing quite
All thoughts of Warr. 1697 Dryven Virg. Past. vil. 10
He, smiling, said, Dismiss your Fear. 1784 Cowrer Zask
\1. 442, Man may dismiss compassion from his heart, But
God will never. 1884 Wanch. Exam. 17 June 5/1 We may
dismiss any apprehension that the political affairs of Egypt
will be taken in charge. ‘ :
+ b. To allow to pass out of mind ; to forgive ;
to forgo. Obs.
1603 Suaxs. A/eas. rig MM. u. ii, 102 ‘Those.. which a
dismis'd offence would after gaule. 1786 Westey Wks.
(1872) 1V, 345 The Elders of his Church .. would dismiss
my proinise.
9. To pass from the consideration or the literary
treatment of (a subject), to have done with, bring
to an end ; hence to treat of summarily.
1698 Fryer Acc. E. /nd.& P. 47 Before we dismiss this Dis-
course, it may be noted [etc.]. 1709 Berxetey 7%. Vision
$ 40 Before we dismiss this subject. 1711 Appison Sfect.
No. 110 P 7, I shall dismiss this Paper with a Story out of
Josephus. 1873 Tristram Moaé v 70 Both De Saulcy and
.ynch have dismissed Kerak very shortly.
10. Law. +a. refl. (with of or inf.) To relieve
or free oneself from (a legal burden) ; to deprive
or exclude oneself from (a legal advantage). Ods.
1562 in Strype Ann. Ref. I. xxxi. 356 Thereby to be
dismissed of all action of debt or trespass. 1§74 tr. Little-
ton's Tenures 53b, Shee hathe utterlye dismissed her selfe
to have anye parte of the tenementes. a 1626 Bacon Jar.
§ Uses Com. Law xvii. (1636) 64 The Court may dismisse
themselves of discussing the matter by examination. —
Perkins Prof. Bk. v. § 448. 193 The husband doth presently
dismisse himselfe of the po i
b. To send out of court, refuse further hearing
to, reject (a claim or action).
1607 Suaxs. Cor. 1. i. 85 You .. dismisse the Controuersie
bleeding. 1713 Swirt Cadenus & Vanessa Wks. 1755 111.
u. 5 Therefore he humbly would insist, The bill might be
with costs dismist. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) VI. 352 ‘The
ppeal should be dismissed and the decree affirmed. 1891
Law Times XC11. 93/2 The plaintiff s action was dismissed
with costs. ;
Hence Dismissed (dismi'st) A//. a., Dismi'ssing
vbl. sb.
1603-10 [see 8 b, 6, above). 1611 Corcr., Manumission,
a ission, or dismissing. 1627 [see Dismisston 2b).
1824 L. Murray Eng. Grant, (ed. 3 I. 266 ‘ What is the
reason of this person’s dismissing of his servant so hastily?’
+ Dismi'ss, sd. Os. [f. prec. vb.] An act of
dismissing, a dismissal ; also, a document embody-
ing a dismissal.
1589 Raveicu Let. in N. § Q. Ser. 1. IV. 3 Order from the
Queen for a dismis of their cavelacions. 1618 L. Parsons
in Lismore Papers (1887) Ser. u. IL. 154, I send away this
«+ With dissmiss hereinclosed. Miron
Tetrach, Wks. 1738 I. 265 Provided that the dismiss was
not without reasonable conditions to the Wife. 1678 A7as-
a dismiss at Mass.
a De For Review 17 Feb, in Arb. Garner VII. 624 At
the dismiss of their work.
Dismissal (dismi'sal). [f. Dismissz, + -Aau; cf.
committal, refusal, upheaval. A recent word equi-
valent to, and now tending to displace the more
regular DisMIssioN.] =DISMIssION, q.v. for de-
tail of senses. ‘
Not in Jounson or Asn. 1818 Topp, Dismissal, a word
DISMISSION.
of recent use for dismission. 1825 Jamieson, Dismissal,
Mr. Todd has introduced this as ‘a word of recent usage
for dismission ’. eget ies hope Ser yep 4
a 1806 Br. Horsey Serm. xxxviii. (1826) 468 ‘Send her
away’, that is, t her petition, and give her her dismissal.
1816 Scorr Old Mort. chav pene prc, ie the possibility of
' such athingas dismissal. 1842-3 Grove Corr. Phys Forces
3 (L.) Requesting. .dismissal from the minds of my readers
of preconceived views. 1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. 11.
His dismissal produced a 1885 Wee
Notes 28 Mar. 67/1 Notwithstanding the dismissal of the
action. J. M. Duncan Lect. Dis. Women xvi. 120
This patient has returned since dismissal [from hospital].
attrib, 1891 Pall Mali G. 5 Mar. 6/1 ‘The matron's
exercise of her dismissal powers.
ible (dismi‘sib’l), a. Also -able.
f. DisMiss v., on analogy of fermiéssible: see -BLE.]
iable to be dismissed or discharged.
1824 L.xaminer 422/2 A motion .. for the dismissal of the
Recorder—if he be dismissable. 1863 Sat. Rev. 370 A Ki
dismissible on proof of legal crime. 1876 Grant Burg.
Sch. Scotl. u. xii. 322 The teachers .. are appointed
dismissible by the rector.
Dismi'ssing, #//. a. [f. as prec. + -ING °.
That dismisses. Hence Dismi‘ssingly adv., wi
a tendency to dismiss.
1802 Spirit Pub. Frnis. (1803) V1. 233 He received his
dismissing fee of five guineas. 1880 G. Merepitn 7rag.
Com. xvii. (1892) 236 She..very bluntly and dismissin
felt now that his madness was at its climax.
Dismission (dismi‘fan). [n. of action from
Dismiss v., corresponding to L. dimdsstén-em and
OF. desmission ‘ dismissing, forgoing, resignation ’,
etc. (Cotgr.), mod.F. démzssion renunciation. See
the doublets Diissron and Demission ?.] The
action of dismissing ; the fact of being dismissed.
Now largely replaced in all senses by the equivalent
DISMISSAL, q.v.
1. The formal dispersion, or sending away in
various directions, of an assemblage of persons;
disbanding of troops.
a 1646 J. Grecory De Aris et Epochis in Posthuma (1650)
139 The Indictions began at the verie dismission of t
Nicene Council. 1659 B. Harris Parival’s /ron Age 252
‘To content themselves with that dismission of the new
‘Troops, which was already made. 1711 Lond. Gaz. No. 4840/2
The Diet. .had this Daya final Dismission, 1798 WELLESLEY
in Owen Desf. 56 The dismission of the French corps
at Mauritius would yaa other adventurers of that
nation, 1825 Sporting Mag. XVI. 406 Watching their twelve
o'clock dismission from school.
2. The sending away of a person; permission to
go, leave to depart; often in earlier use, formal
leave-taking.
1608 Br. Hatt Char. Virtues & V., Busie-Bodie 81 Hee
runnes to them..and after many thanks and dismissions is
hardly intreated silence. 16: aLuiGn Hist, World n. 250
After this dismission of Hobab, Israel to march to-
wards the Desarts. 1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc’s Trav.
190 The King..in presence of all the Court, gives him a dis-
mission. 1703 MAuNDRELL Fourn. Ferus. (1721) 31 To give
a civil di to the visi - 3791 Cowrer Odyss. xv.
19 From brave Menel Di hence.
b. A sending away from, or ushering out of, life.
1627 Donne Serm. xxviii. 282 There falls .. a Dismission,
a dismissing out of this world. N. Marner in C. Mather
Magn, Chr, (1853) 11. 168 Dissolution. .is but adismission of
Juv. (2789)
the spirit into its happiness. 1734 Watrs Relig.
126 Give me a glorious dismi into that Hectual
blissful world. 1795 Gispon A utodbiog. 92 The final dismission
of the hero through the ivory gate.
3. Deprivation of office, dignity, or position ;
discharge from service. P ‘ gis
1547 Wriotnestey Chron, (1875) I. 187 Synce ismis-
sion of my Lord Wriothesley, late Chauncelor. Minton
Hist. Eng. u. Wks. (1851) 76 He was fain at length to seek
a dismission from his charge. 1754 Ricuarpson Grandison
(1781) VIL. vi. 27 The power, alee of change or dismission
thro’ the house, is entirely yours. 1816 Scott Old Mort,
Pains, penalties, and threats of dismission were denounced
in vain, 1849 Macautay //ist. Eng. I. 431 To be punished
by dismission from the public service. " é
b. The written or spoken form of words in which
such discharge is couched. rR
1606 SHaxs. Ant. §& CZ. 1. i. 26 Your dismission Is come
from Caesar, therefore heare it Anthony. 1679 Crowne
Ambit. Statesm. 1. 1 A soft dismission stuft with downy
words. 1786 Mav. D'Arsiay Diary 8 Aug., The general
form of the dismission .. is in these words.
4. Release from confinement ; setting free, libera-
tion, cobeaee.
1609 Bistx (Douay) Lev. xvi. 10 That, whose lotte was to
be the goate of dismission. 1642 Rocurs Naamax 319 The
Jew .. slave .. at his dismission was to have a grat ity paid
him. 1709 Strvre Ann. Ref. I. i, 38 marg., Order for dis-
mission of prisoners in the Queen’s bench. ‘
attrib, 1777 Howarn Prisons Eng. (1780) 244 The dis-
mission fee of each prisoner discharged out of custody.
5. Rejection, discarding; esf. repudiation or put-
ting away of a wife.
1611 Suaks. Cymd, u1. iii. 57 You in all obey her, Saue when
d to your dismission tends. 1 wr0Nn Divorce
Law of dis-
from the mind. . = SE
1742 Younc Nt. Th. v. cou quic ‘is-
dan cf oer grief. 2. ounson L. P., Pope Wks. IV.
107 The rectitude yden’s mind was sufficiently shewn
by the dismission of his poetical prejudices. 1830 Herscnet
2): Z
DISMISSIVE.
Stud, Nat. Phil. § 70 To demand of him an instant and
peremptory dismission of all his former opinions.
sive (dismi‘siv), @ [f. Dismiss v. +
-IvE.] Of the nature of, or characterized by, dis-
missal; tending to dismiss; valedictory.
1645 Mitton Tetvach, Wks. (1851) 221 The law of Moses
. only requires the dismissive writing without other caution.
1683 O. U. Parish Ch. no Conventicles 32 The /te missa, or
dismissive Blessing. 1888 A. S. Witson Lyric Hopeless
Love 13t The loves peruse the leaf To find no revelancy
there Dismissive of unsolved despair.
+Dismi‘ssment. 0s. [f. as prec. +-MENT.]
= DisMIssion, DISMISSAL.
1go1 Horsey 77av. (Hakl. Soc.) 204 Glad of so peaceable
adismistment. 1650 T. Bayty Herba Parietis 20 Maxi-
manus asked .. what she meant by that strange picture...
adding, moreover, the dismisment of the artist.
Lismissory (dismi'sori), a. (sd.) [f. Disass
v.: see Diissory.] Of or pertaining to dismis-
sion or leave-taking ; parting, valedictory ;=D1-
MISSORY TI, 2.
1647 Trapp Comm. Matt. xxvi. 30 This [Psalm] they began
to sing after that dismissory cup. 1664 H. More JZyst¢.
Jnig. 104 Ordained without Letters dismissory.
+B. sd. (p/.) = Dimissory sd.
1716 M. Davirs Athen. Brit. ui. Crit. Hist. 87 Dis-
missories or Certificats of the Orthodox Ethicks of the
Bearer.
+Dismi‘t,v. Ods. Also 4 dismette, 4-5 dis-,
dysmytte. fapp. a latinized adaptation, through
dismette, of OF, desmetre, repr. a late pop. L. type
dismittére instead of cl. L. dimittére (cf. Dismr).]
1. trans. To send away, dismiss; to let go, re-
lease; = DimIT vz. 1.
1382 Wyc.iF Acts ili. 13 Whom 3e.. denyeden bifore the
face of Pilate, him demynge for to he dismyttid [Vulg.
dimitti) or left. /bid. xvii, 10 Bretheren dismittiden Poul
and Silas in to Beroan,
2. refl. To divest or deprive oneself of; to sur-
render, relinquish. Cf, Dismiss v. 10 a.
13.. Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. 536 As longe as pou
may3t holde in honde, Dismette pe nou3t of pi londe
(Fr. Zaunt cum poyes aleyne trere, Ne vus demettes de
vostre tere] 1304 Recognizance in Collect. Top. & Gen.
(1836) ILI. 257 We hadde ous fulliche dismettyd of the same
londis. c¢ 1440 Partonope 7372 Gaudynand Aupatryse Have
dyssmyttyde him clene of ihe pryse. 1496 Dives §& Paup.
. de W.) 1v. iv. 164/1, I wolde not counseyll theym fully
to dysmytten them of her good.
+ Dismortgage, v. Obs. rare. [Dis- 7 a.]
trans. Yo free trom mortgage, disencumber.
1640 Howe tt. Dodona’s G. (1645) 52 He dismorgag’d the
Crown demeans,
Dismount (dismawnt), v. [f. Dis-6 + Mounr
v.: perh. after OF. desmonter (12-13th c. in Hatz.-
Darm.), mod.F, démonter=1t. dismontare, Sp.
desmontar, med.L. dismontare (Du Cange). Cf.
also obs. doublet Demount, from 15th c. French. ]}
I. tutransitive.
1. To come down from a height; to descend.
1579 Spenser Sheph. Cal. May 315 The bright Sunne
gynneth to dismount, 1 Greene A/enaphon (Arb.) 60
Cupide [had] dismounted from his mothers lappe, left his
bow, and quiuer at random. 7 Crowne Destr. Feru-
salem 1. Song, Dram. Wks _ 1873 II. 242 Day is dismounted
on the watery plain. 1738 Pork Odyss. xx. 76 If dismounted
from the rapid cloud, Me with his whelming wave let
Ocean shrowd !
2. To get down, alight (froma horse or other
animal; also, formerly, from a vehicle).
(1533 Bettenven Livy 11, (1822) 295 Incontinent the hors-
men of twa legionis .. demountit haistilie fra thare hors.]
I Suaks. 77t. A. v. ii. 54, I will dismount, and by the
aggon wheele, Trot like a Seruile footeman. 1598 Barret
Theor. Warres w. i. 102 Neither yet in the day of battell
ought he to dismount. 1605 Play Stucley in Simpson Sch.
Shaks. (1878) 1. 251 Dismount thee Muly from thy chariot
wheels. x697 Dryven Virg. Georg. Ded. (1721) 1. 189 He
..dismounted from the Saddle. 1705 Lond. Gaz. No. 4151/3
Their Dragoons dismounted. 1788 Gipson Decl. §& /. 1.
(1846) V. 16 He a? dismounted to present the pilgrim
with his camel. 1832 W. Irvine A /haméra II. 174 Every
horseman was obliged to dismount at the gate.
Jig. 3817 Keats Lett. Wks. 1889 III. 95, I am in a fair
way now to come to a conclusion .. I shall be glad to dis-
mount for a month or two.
b. spec. of a stallion.
1674 N. Cox Gen/‘l. Recreat. v. Mine 17 Cold water to
throw on the Mare’s Shape, immediately on the dismount-
ing of the Horse.
II. transitive.
3. Tocomedownfrom (a height or elevated place) ;
to descend. Ods. (exc. as associated with next.)
1589 Gold, Mirr. (1851) 10 Dismounting thus the hill,
I di re. 1620 QuarLes Jouah in Farr S. P. Yas. I
(1848) 131 Hestraight dismountsh’s throne. 1658 R. Franck
North. Mem. (1821) 33 It’s only dismounting our apartments
to mount our horses. 1844 [see DismountiNc below]. |
4. To get off, alight from (a horse, etc.). ©
¢1620 Z. Boyp Zion's Flowers (1855) 30 Dismount your ..
steeds. 1638 Sir T. Herpert 77av. (ed. 2) 96 Hee is made
to dismount his Elephant. 1859 Reeve Brittany 236 A
Peasa just di d his white horse.
-5. (causal) To throw down from a horse, etc. ;
to unseat, unhorse.
1599 Suaxs. Hen, V, m1. vii. 84 Your Horse .. would trot
as well, were some of your bragges dismounted. 1633
P. Fietcuer Purple Ist. x1. xx, The Martial Virgins spear
+» dismounts her foe on dustie plain. 1667 Mitton 7. Z.
471
vit. 19 Least from this flying Steed unrein’d .. Dismounted,
on th’ Aleian Field I fall. 1838 Lytton Lez/a u. ii, Several
of his knights were dismounted. ;
b. To deprive of horses; the opposite of soznt
= to supply with horses.
1866 W. Watson Vouatt’s Horse vi. (1872) 122 Diseases
that used to dismount whole troops. Tees
6. To remove (a thing) from that on which it has
been mounted ; esf. to take or throw down (a gun
or cannon) from its carriage or other support, either
deliberately for tactical purposes, or by hostile
missiles.
1544 Exped. Scot?. Biij/t One of our peices, with shotte
out of the sayde castel, was stroken and dismounted. 1585
T. Wasuincton tr. Nicholay's Voy. 1. xix. 22 They burst one
of their best peeces, and dismounted foure other. 1625
Markuam Soldier's Accid. 26 Dismount your Musquet, and
carrie it with the Rest. 1659 D. Pett Jfpr. Sea 542 Trees
are rent up by the roots, and out-housing dismounted. 1707
Lond, Gaz. No. 4359/2 One of our Ships. .had dismounted
‘Two oftheir Batteries. 1845 S. Austin Rawke's Hist. Ref.
II. 345 Part of their cannon. .they dismounted and placed on
mules. 1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. IV. 46/1 A. whole
drawer-full of mounted shells may, by bad handling, be
dismounted from their tablet atone shock,
7. To take (a thing) out of that in which it is set
or enclosed; to remove (a gem, etc.) from its set-
ting or ‘mount’; to take (mechanism) from its
framework, take to pieces. + Desmount thy tuck
(Shaks.): draw thy rapier from its sheath,
r6ox Suaxs. 7wel. N. in. iv. 244. 1683 Burnet tr. AZore’s
Utopia (1685) 98 Nor will Men buy it [a precious stone]
unless it be dismounted and taken out of the Gold. 1859
Musketry Instr. 13 When the lock is dismounted.
8. To set, put, or bring down from an elevated
position ; to lower. ? Oés. (In 1597 fig. from 6.)
1597 Suaks. Lover's Compl, 281 His watrie eies he did
dismount, Who-e sightes till then were leaueled on my
face. 1633 G. Hersert Temple, A/an iv, His eyes dis-
mount the highest starre. 1665 Sir T. Herserr 77av,
(1677) 66 ‘he Doolaes were no sooner dismounted, but that
thereout issued the Amazones. 1742 Younc Nt. 7h, vu.
1192 Sorceries of Sense .. Dismount her [the soul] from her
native Wing. F
+9. fig. (largely from 5): a. To bring down
from lofty position or high estimation; to cast
down, lower, debase. Ods.
1608 Day Law Trickes v. (1881) 81 Now Daughter make
thee fit To combat and dismount her actiue wit. 1654
WurtLock Zootomia 447 ‘The positive Detractor .. dis-
mounts the most merited Reputation with some But. a 1718
Penn Maxims Wks. 1726 I. 824 Drunkenness .. spoils
Health, dismounts the Mind, and unmans Men.
b. To reduce to an inferior position, degrade,
depose (a person). Ods.
1607-12 Bacon Ess., Superstition (Arb.) 342 But Super-
sticion dismountes all this [Sense, Philosophy, Piety, etc.]
and erecteth an absolute Tyranny, in the minde of Men.
165r N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. u. xiii. (17 9) 69 Dukes
were dismounted without conviction. @ 1677 Barrow Serv.
(1687) I. xxv. 344, Did not Samuel exercise such a charity,
when.. injuriously dismounted from h:s authority ?
+10. To reduce toa plain; tolevel. Obs. rare".
1563 SACKVILLE /uduct. to Mirr, Mag., Xerxes .. Dis-
mounted hills, and made the vales uprear.
Hence Dismou nting vé/. 5b. and Zf/. a.
1560 WHITEHORNE Ord. Souldiours (1588) 36 To saue the
saide artillerie from dismounting. 1654 WuHiTLocK Zoo-
tomta 446 Cold Praise .. or Interruption of it, with a Dis-
mounting But. 1677 Gitpin Demonol, (1867) 272 Intended
for the dismounting of the confidence of the wicked. 1844
Disraeti Coningsby 1. i. (L.', The number of stairs .. the
time their mountings and dismountings must have absorbed.
1870 Daily News 11 Nov., The dismounting of the heavy
battery on the bank of the Rhine... commenced yesterday.
Dismow nt, sé. [f. prec. vb ] An act or method
of dismounting.
1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes i. viii. 123 A Tournament, [led]
to an Over-turne ; that,toa Dismount. 1886 Cyclist 6 Oct.
1325/t The pedal dismount is the best for this form of
bicycle. 1888 Chicago Advance 5 July, Frequent dismounts
{from bicycle] in connection with a hot pace, are fatiguing.
Dismownted, A//. a. [f. Dismount v. + -ED !.]
a. Off one’s horse; not on horseback. b. Of a
cannon: Dislodged from its carriage.
1610 Guitum Heraldry wv. xiv. (1611) 225 He beareth
argent, a culuering dismounted. 1724 Dr For Mem. Cava-
Zier (1840) 232 Our dismounted men .. lined the edge of
the wood. 1765 Univ. Mag. XX XVII. 85/1 The barrel of
a dismounted gun. 1886 A/anch. Exani. 19 Jan. 5/6 A dis-
mounted party of the same regiment.
+ Dismo've, v. Os. In 5 dis-, dys-meve,
-moeue. [ad. OF. desmoveir, desmo(u voir (14th
c, in Godef.), mod.F. démouvoir, ad. 1.. dismovére,
variant (and Romanic form) of dimovére, f. dis-,
Dis- I + movére to move, For the vowel change
(-meve) see MovE.] ¢rans. To move away, re-
move.
1480 Caxton Ovid's Metam. xv. ix, To dismeve away
her sorowe. 1491 —Vitas Paty. (W. de W. 1495) 11. 234. 2
The montayne of £yon .. whiche shall be neuer dismoeued.
1611 Ficrio, Scomonere, to dismooue, to disorder.
Dismu‘rdered, -murderized, A//. adjs.
nonce-wds. [D1s-7b.] Divested of the character
of murder; pronounced to be not murder.
1817 BentHaM Parl. Reform Introd. 140 xote, The com-
mission of legally dismurdered murders. /did., The per-
petration of the dismurderized murders.
Dismyssaries, var. Drmissarizs, Ods.
|
|
|
DISNULL.
+ Dismy'stery, v7. Ods. rave. [Dis- 7a or b.]
trans. To divest ot mystery.
1649 Butue Eng. Improv. Impr. 45 No _man.. hath
published any thing. .to dismystery the same [draining}.
Disna, Sc.=does not; see Do v.
+ Disna‘tural, «. Obs. [ad. OF. desnature!
(in Godef.), f. des-, Dis- 4 + naturel NaTuRAL a.]
Contrary to nature, unnatural.
[1292 Britton 1. xxxii. § 22 Si tiels clers.. soint a eus
desnaturels]. ¢1430 Lypc. Bochas 1. i. (1544) 2b, To be-
holde a thing disnaturall. ¢1477 Caxton Jason 10 Ryght
myserable and right disnaturall enuie. 1677 Gate Crt.
Gentiles U1, 1v. 223 Atheisme is a proposition so disnatural,
monstrose and difficult to be establisht. :
Hence + Disna‘turalness, unnatural behaviour.
1430 Lync. Chron. 7roy 1. vii, Iason.. Receyued hath
Penan tallionis Of the goddes for his disnaturelnesse.
+ Disna‘tural, v. Ods. [in a. f.prec. acj. ; in
b. f. Dis- 8 + Natura @.: cf. next.] a. ¢rans.
or 7z/r. To make or become unnatural; to brutal-
ize. b. trans, = DENATURALIZE2, DISNATURALIZE.
1549 Compl. Scot. viii. 73 Al pepil ar disnaturalit fra there
gude nature. .3e ar mair disnaturellit nor is brutal beystis.
1588 R. Parke tr. A/endoza’s //ist. China 70 Vpon paine to
bee disnaturalled of the countrie.
Disna‘turalize, v. [f. Dis-6+Narcrauize;
cf. Sp. desnaturalizar ‘to banish, to outlaw’ (Min-
sheu 1599).) =DENATURALIZE v, I, 2. Hence
Disna:turaliza tion = DENATURALIZATION.
a1704 Locke Hist. Navigation 490 (Seager) Magellan ..
renounced his country, disnaturalizing himself as the custom
then was. 1837 Soutury Doctor exv. IV. 127 [If] this well-
known name [Job].. were disnaturalized and put out of
use. 1874 Lp. Srantey Magellan's ist Voy. p. xi, The
custom .. of disnaturalization, in accordance with which,
any noble who felt aggrieved, formally renounced his fealty
to the sovereign, :
Disnature disnéitits), v. [ad. OF. desna-
éurer to change in nature, or change the nature of
Godef.), ‘to make vnnaturall’ (Cotgr.), It. désma-
furare. See Dis- 4 and Nature.]
+1. intr. To get into, or be in, an unnatural or
disordered condition; to be unhealthy. Ods.
1481 Caxton J/yr. 1. xii. 37 So.. trauaylleth phisyque
to brynge Nature to poynt that disnatureth in mannes body
whan ony maladye or sekenes encombreth hit.
2. trans. To rencer unnatural; to deprive of
natural quality, character, appearance, etc. Hence
Disna‘tured Af/. a.
crq4so Jerdin 425 Ymage repaired and disnatured fro
kynde, holde thy pees. 1603 Florio J/outa‘gne (1632) 493
‘There are many .. who think to honour their nature, by
disnaturing themselues. 1753 CuurcHILL Gotham. 18 Can
the stern mother. . From her disnatur’d breast tear her young
child? 184 D'Israrct Amen. Lit, (1867) 307 A sister dis-
natured of all kin, hastening to be the voluntary accuser of
her father. 1877 Brackie Wise Men 161 The disnatured
skin Showed livid, flecked with crimson. .
+ Disneglerct, v. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 5 + NEGLECT
v.] trans. To neglect.
1800 True Briton in Spirit Pub, Frnis, (1801) IV. so
Disneglecting his duty, out of nothing but a piece of pride !
+ Disne‘rve, v. Obs. rare. [Dis- 7a +
NEkVE 56. : cf. obs. F. desnerver \Cotgr.).] trans.
To deprive of nerve or vigour; to weaken, relax.
@1618 Syivester Mem. Mortality \xxxvi, All Idelness
dis-natures Wit, dis-nerves it. /dsd, [see Disapt].
Disnest (disnest), v. rare. [Dis- 7 ¢.]
trans. ‘Vo dislodge from, or as from, 2 nest; also,
to void (as a nest) of its occupants.
1596 Life Scanderbeg 41 To chastise the garrison of the
Turkes, and to chase and disnest them out of their holde.
21700 Dryven Life of Lucian (1711) 43 Vo disnest Heaven
of so many immoral and debauch’'d Deities.
+ Disnestle, v. Os. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + NEs-
TLE. Cf. ernestle.] trans. To turn out of a nest.
1626 T. H. Caussin’s Holy Crt. 221 Birds are disnestled
from the kingdome which nature hath allowed them.
Disner, disnier, var. DEcENER, Oés.
Disniche (disnit{), v. [f. Dis- 7c + Nicur.]
trans. To remove from its niche.
1889 Frul. Educ. 1 June 280/1, He could dis-niche, soto
speak, whom he pleased.
+ Disno'ble, 2. Obs. vare. [D1s- 10.] Ignoble,
mean, petty.
1609 HotLanp Am. Marcell. xxvit. i. 326 A disnoble
[iguotilen] advocat and defender of causes.
+ Disno'ble, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 8 + NosLe a.:
ef. obs. I. desnoblir to disgrace, vilify (Godef.).]
trans. To deprive of nobility or grandeur ; to Dis-
ENNOBLE,
1622 H. Sypennam Sevm. Sol. Occ. ut. (1637) 30 The
chiefest complement of greatnesse is the retinue, take away
her equipage you disnoble it. 1638 O. SepcwickE Serv.
(1639) 36 O Watch, that it doth not dis-noble and staine its
excellency by a sordid league. .with sinfull lusts.
+ Disno‘minate, v. Os. rare. [Dis- 6.]
trans. To take away the name from.
1683 Cave Ecclesiastici 223 Reducing it unto the rank of
a Village, disnominating it, and not suffering it to bear the
name of Caesar.
Disnosed, disnumber: see Dis- 7 a. “at
+ Disnwll, v. Obs. rave. In 6 dys-. [f. Dis-
5 + L. wudl-us none, null: cf. ANNUL, A variant
of DENULL, DIsaNNUL.]. trans. To bring to no-
thing, do away with, destroy.
&
DISNUN.
1 Hawes Past. Pleas. vin. (1845) 31 To dysnull vyce
and the a to blame. /éfd. xiv. 216 Dysnullynge the
sectes of false idolatry. |
+Disnwn, v. Obs. rare—°. [f. Dis- 7b +
Nun; cf. disfriar.] trans. To deprive of nun’s
orders ; to unnun.
1611 Fiorio, Dismonacare, to vnfrier. Also to disnunne.
Disobedience (disob7diéns). Also 5 dys-,
-aunce. [a. OF. desobedience (in Godef.) ; cf. It.
disubbidienza, Sp. desobediencia ; a Romanic form-
ation for L. znobédientia, f. Dis- 4 + L. obédientia
OBEDIENCE. ]
The fact or condition of being disobedient ; the
withholding of obedience; neglect or refusal to
obey ; violation of a command by omitting to con-
form to it, or of a prohibition by acting in defiance
of it; an instance of this.
2a 1400 Arthur 230 To vnderfang oure ordynaunce; For
by dysobediaunce. fas ro Lypc. Min. Poems 143 (MAtz.)
‘or disobedience Disclaundrid is perpetually Fs name.
1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. xiv. xiv, Adam..And Eve. .the
worlde dampned .. By disobedience. 1607 SHaks. Cor, 11.
i, 117, I say they norisht disobedience. 1644 Br. Haty
Rem. Wks. (1660) 107 Our wilfull disobediences, et
Gipson Decl. & F. i, (1846) 1. 11 It was impossible for
cowardice or disobedience to escape the severest punish-
ment. 1875 Jowetr Plato V. 412 He who obeys the law
will never know the fatal consequences of disobedience.
b. transf. Non-compliance with a law of nature,
an influence, or the like.
ay Brackmore (J.), If planetary orbs the sun obey,
Why should the moon disown his sovereign sway?.. This
disobedience of the moon, etc.
+ Disobe'diency. Ols. [f. L. dvsobedientia:
see prec. and -ENcy.] The quality of being dis-
obedient.
1 DanteL Civ. Wars vit. \viii, The out-let Will of
Disobediency. 1614 R. Tatcor //og hath lost his Pearl
ut in Hazl, Dodsley X1. 464 In punishing my disobediency.
17x0 Strvee Life Grindall, anno 1580(R.), You might ..
have corrected the disobediency of such.
Disobedient (disob7-diént), a. and sd. Also 5
dys-, 6 dishob-. [a. OF. desobedient (in Godef.) ;
cf. It. disubbidiente (Florio), Sp. desobediente; a
Romanic formation, for L. zodcdient-em, f. Dis-
4+ L. obédient-em OBEDIENT.)
A. adj. Withholding obedience; refusing or fail-
ing to obey; neglectful or not observant of authori-
tative command ; guilty of breach of prescribed
duty ; refractory, rebellious.
14.. Why I can't be a Nun 272 in £. F. P. (1862) 145
A-nother lady .. That hy3t dame dysobedyent .. set now3t
by her priores. 1535 Coverpace /’s. cv. 7 Oure fathers ..
were dishobedient at the see. 1549 CHeKe //urt Sedit. (1641)
15 How is the king obeyed, whose wisest be withstanded,
the disobedientest obeyed. 1667 Mitton 7. Z. vi. 687
Michael and his Powers went forth to tame These dis-
obedient. 1819 Suetvey Cencé ut. i. 316 Such was God's
scourge for disobedient sons, 1828 Scorr /. M. Perth
xxxiv, These are not loving subjects, but disobedient
rebels. 5
b. ¢ransf. Unyielding, intractable, stubborn.
1588 J. Reap Compend, Method 101 Growing nigh to
the manner of a cancer, and disobedient to any medicine.
a1802 E. Darwin (Webster, 1828), Medicines .. rendering
peculiar parts of the system disobedient to stimuli. 1843
CartyLe Past & Pr. ut. x. (1872) 165 Disobedient Cotton
fibre, which will not. .consent to cover bare backs.
B. sé. A disobedient or refractory person.
1548 Act 2-3 Edw, VJ, c. 23. § 2 Inflicting all such Pains
upon the Disobedients. a 1670 Spatninc 7x6. Chas. /.
(1829) 70 Refusers to subscribe the covenant .. and other
disobedients,
+ Disobedie'ntiary, (a.) and 94. nonce-wid.
[f. prec. adj.+-ary.] =prec. sb.
5 Latimer Serm. & Kent. (1845) 389 Pseudo-prophets
.. Sly, wily, disobedientiaries to all good orders,
Disobediently, adv. [f. Disopeprenr +
-LY 4.) Ina disobedient manner ; with disregard
of commands.
ie ober A Council Acts (1890) II. 209 Arrogantly and
disobediently .. contrary to an expresse commandement,
1594 Hooker £cc/. Pol. u. ii. (1611) 57 The least thing
done disobediently towardes God, od. These boys have
behaved most disobediently.
+Disobei‘sance. 00s. Also 4 des-, 5-6
-aunce. [a. OF. desobeissance (13th c. in Hatz.-
Darm.), mod.F. désobé-, f. désobéissant; see next
and -ANCE.] = DISOBEDIENCE.
1393 Gower Conf, 1. 86 Now..To telle my desobeissance.
1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) 111. x. 57 Adam was..
damp «. for disobei e to the hest of god. 1548
Gest Pr. Masse 93 Canceled owte of the masse boke, as
heresye to God and disobeysaunce to the King.
+ Disobei‘sant, a. and sé. Obs. [a. OF. des-
obeissant (13th c. in Littré; mod. désobéissant), pr.
pple. of désobéir to DisoBey.]
A. adj. Not submissive, Disopepient. B. sd.
A rebel.
1381 Cuaucer Parl, Foules 429 If that I to hyre be
founde vntrewe, Dishobeysaunt or wilful necligent. ¢ 1430
Lypc. Min, Poems age! Soc.) 143 Disobeisaunt my tithes
for to paye. 1s25 Lp. BeKne voiss. I. xliv. 148 To
oe e them ¢t be dysobeysaunt to the kynge of
‘astell. Act 34 Hen. V/I1 (in Bolton Stat, /re/.
g séer) 242) n such .. perill of invasion by the disobeysants,
rishrie,
472
Disobey (disobé),v. Also 4 des-, 4-6 dys- ;
5 dyshobeye. [a. F. désobér (13th c. in Hatz.-
Darm.) = Pr. desobedir, It. disubbidire:—Romanic
dis-, desobidire, for late L. inobidire, f. Dis- 4 +
L.. obédire to OBEY.]
1. intr. To be disobedient ; not to obey.
This is the original use as in Fr., but most late instances
are perhaps absolute uses of the transitive sense 2.
1393 Gower Con/. 1. 86 perof woll I desobeie. 1539 Ton-
STALL Serm. Palm Sund. (1823) 26 Pride .. makethe hym
that disobeyeth to contemne to obey. 1667 Mitton P. L.
1. 203 Man disobeying, Disloyal breaks his fedltie.
Gay Fables 1. xx. 24 His m burn'd to disobey. 1781
SowrER Hofe 315 If .. some headstrong hardy lout Would
disobey. 1886 Ruskin Preterita 1. 424 The wish to dis-
obey is already disobedience.
+b. Const. 0, unto [ =F. désobéir a or dative).
14.. Circumcision in Tundale's Vis. 88 Eyretykes that
falsly dysobey To holy chyrche. a14g0 Kut. de la Tour
(1868) 59 She. .disobeyed to God and felle in his yre. 1g02
Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1. ii. 12 Whan Adam &
eue .. dysobeyed unto god. 1525 Lp. Bernrrs Fro/ss. II.
xxxiii. 97 Moche of his people disobeyed to serue hym.
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 35 We... disobey to
theyr commaundementes.
2. trans. (The object represents an earlier dative :
cf. F. 7/ me désobéit, he disobeys (to) me.} To refuse
or neglect to obey (any one); to neglect wilfully,
transgress, or violate, the commands or orders of
(a person in authority, a law, etc.); to refuse sub-
mission to,
1393 Gower Conf I. 338 Her owne liege .. That hem
forsoke and disobeide. /é/d. III. so Ther might nothing
hem disobey. ax14g0 Ant. de la Tour (1868) 60 He toke
and ete thereof, for he wolde not disobeie her. 1470-85
Matory Arthur xvi. xi, It were wel done ..that ye dis-
hobeye not the auysyon.
Mysgoverned persons disobeyeng your lawes. ¢1§32 Dewes
Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 1048 Nat be wyllyng to disobey
you. 1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi's Eromena 59 Seeing no
meanes of disobeying the winds, they gave their violence
way. 1667 Mitton P. ZL. v. 611 Him who disobeyes Me
disobeyes. x Mrs. Rapcutrre /tadian ii, Where is the
principle which shall teach you to disobey a father? 1875
Jowerr Plato (ed. 2) V. 79 The chief magistrate .. will
punish those who disobey God and the law.
Hence Disobey‘ing 74/. sb. and Afi. a.
1649 Jer. Taytor Gt. Exeip.1. ii. 73 Every disobeying
person that payes the penal
Disobeyal (disobé
An act of disobeying.
1889 Daily News 31 July 3/4 Certain financial arrange-
ments followed a disobeyal of the order of the Court.
+ Disobey-ant, a. Od;. [irreg. f. Disosry v.
+-ANT, in place of the normal D1soBEISANT.] =
DISOBEDIENT.
1422 tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. (E. E. T. S.) 122
Some of the Pepyl ther weryn agaynys hym and disobeiaunt.
Disobeyer (disobé‘:a1). [f Disopry v. +
-ER1.] One who disobeys; a recusant, a rebel.
al. rare.
[f. pree. + -aL.]
is1z Act 4 Hen. VIII, c. 20.§ 2 |
1§13-75 Diurn. Occurrents (Bannatyne Club) 69 Vnder |
the payne of burnying of disobeyaris vpoun the cheik.
1653 A. WILSON Jas. /, 11 A strickt Proclamation threatens
the disobeyers. 1 Kinciake Crimea (1877) V. i. 365
A wilful disobeyer’of orders.
Disoblegiant, obs. var. DEsoBLIGEANT.
1811 Sporting Mag. XXXVII. 12 Sociables, disoblegiants,
+ Disobliga'tion. (/s.
TION; after dzsoblige.}
1. Freedom or release from obligation,
1616 Brent tr. Sarpi's Hist. Council Trent (1676) 631
‘The place doth not prove a dispensation, that is, a disobli-
gation from the Law. 1660 Jer. Tavtor Duct. Dudit. 11.
411 (L.) The conscience is restored to liberty and dis-
obligation, Monthly Rev. 363 The disobligation oe
being cancelled. .leaves the obligation without abatement.
2. A disobliging action ; an act that either negli-
gently or purposely thwarts a person's convenience
or wishes; a piece of inconsiderate treatment ; a
slight, affront, insult,
1647 CLareNnvon //ist, Red. 1. § 127 By the disobligations
his family had undergone from the duke of Buckingham.
1654 H. L’Es trance Chas. / (1655) 132 Noy..wheel’d about
..and made amends with his future service, for his former
dis-obligations. 1739 Cisser Afod. (1756) 1. 295 Mrs. Old-
field receiv’d it rather as a favour than a disobligation
1788 //ist.in Ann. Reg. 6x Russia had. .heaped disobligation
upon disobligation, in her transactions with Great Britain.
8 The fact or feeling of being disobliged.
1645 F. Torre in //ud/ Lett, (1886) 120 ‘To sowe seedes
of discention and disobligation betwixt the two nations,
1713 STEELE Englishman No. 1, 9, 1..shall never give a
ote out of Peevishness or personal Disobligation. 1754
Ricnarpson Grandison (1 81) IIL. ix. 66 Your Lordship's
‘ood resolutions .. must be built on a better foundation
than ¢ ional disgust or disoblig:
b. An instance of this feeling ; a grudge.
1754 Frecoinc Yourn. Lisbon 1. x, Besides his disloyalty
.. Lhave private disobligations to him, :
+ Disebigetery, a. Seek 10.] a, Not obli-
gatory or binding. b. Releasing from obligation.
a Drum. or Hawtn. Queries of State Wks. (1711)
177 All oaths unlawful .. being .. null and disobligatory.
ar Cuas. I Let, to H son Wks, 165 You much
mistake in alleaging that the two Houses Parliament
can have this disobligatory power. ‘
Disoblige (disoblaidz), v. [ad. F. désobliger
(1307 in Godef, Suppl.) = Sp. desobligar, It. disob-
bligare:—Romanic *disobligare, f. Dis- 4 +L. obli-
gare to OBLIGE. ]
[f. Dis- 9 + OBLIGA-
DISOBSERVANT.
+1. “rans. To set free from obligation ; to release
from duty or engagement. Const. of, from. Obs.
1603 Fiorio Montaigne un. ix. (1632) 545, 1 love so much
to disoblige and disc myselfe. fo decent OF
Hawtn. Hist. Yas. V, Wks. (1 79 To ige them-
selves of their greatest duty. upwortH Jutedl. Syst.
895 They .. would be altogether Disobliged, and Conse-
qeeye might Justly break any Laws.
absol. 1643 Mitton Divorce v. (1851) 74 A particular law
absolving and disobliging from a more general command,
+b. To disengage, detach. Ods.
1647 W. Stronc 7rust & Acc. Steward 14 Prodigality of
the publique purse will ever disoblige the le to ; Se
Rulers. Tempce Misc. 1. 85 (Seager) iling of his
design was t ht to have something disobliged him from
France ; upon w! assistance he reckoned.
2. To refuse or neglect to oblige; not to consult
or comply with the convenience or wi of (a
person) ; hence, to put a slight upon, affront, offend.
_ J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena To Rar. Aiv,
Loth to disoblige so many deserving and noble personages.
1647 CLarenvon Hist. Red. u. (x84 ) 46/1 Colonel Lesley..
being lately disobliged (as they cal ied it) by the King, that
is, denied somewhat he had a mind to have. 1729 FRaNKLIN
Ess. Wks. 1840 IL. 25, 1 know not how to disoblige her so
much as to tell her I should be glad to have less of her
company. 1787S. C. Cox P. Williams’ Rep. 1. Notes 681
His daughter Mabell had disobliged him Lf turning Roman
Catholick. Macautay Hist. Eng. UL. 338 Impossible
to pay marked court to one without disobliging the rest.
transf. 1698 Cottier Answ. Congreve (1730) 195 As to
the Smut [=indecency], I have endeavoured not to dis-
oblige the Paper with any of it.
absol. 1697 Dampier Voy. 1. 500 For fear of disobligi
by our refusal. 12742 Richarpson Pamela 11. 25, 1 wou
not disoblige on purpose. " ;
+b. To render disobliging. Ods. rare.
1716 Couuier tr. A Panegyrick 78 Anxiety and Discontent
is apt to spoil Peoples ‘Tempers, and disoblige their Be-
haviour. . ,
3. In more concrete sense: To inconvenience, in-
commode, annoy. Oés, or dial.
1668 [see Disopiicinc fp/.a.). 1685 TRavestin ae
Newheusel 13 The besieged..began to fire upon us .. by
which they somewhat disobliged our Battery. 1697 Cot-
Lier Ess. Mor. Subj. u. (1709) 1 I'm afraid I may dis-
oblige your Business, 1726 Suetvocke Voy. round World
387 They disobliged us very much by the stench of their
dung. 1851 S. Jupp Margaret 11. i. (1881) 198, I .. hope
my presence, Madam, will not disoblige you.
Hence Disobli‘ged f//. a., slighted, affronted.
1673 Lady's Cail. 1, iii. ? 22 Let therefore the disoblig’d
not look back upon the injury. 1724 A. Cottins Gr. Chr.
Relig. 186 Joiada.. and other disoblig’d ns ge
1814 Scott Wav. xxxii, His father a disobliged an
contented courtier.
isobligeant, obs. var. DESOBLIGEANT.
1787 Axn Hitpitcu Rosa de Montmorien 1, 48 To travel
.. in the very disobligeant which Sterne celebrates in his
Sentimental tour. /ézd. 1. 49.
Disobli‘'gement. [f. Disosiice v. + -MENT.]
+1. Release from obligation ; = DisoBLIGATION 1,
1648 Mitton Tenure Kings (1650) 36 If 1 make a covnant
with a man who prove afterward a monster to me, I should
conceave a disobligement. 1677 Gitrin Demonol. (1867) 107
God delayed to answer them, which they looked upon as
a disobligement from duty.
+2. A slight; =D1soBLicaTIon 2, Ods.
1635 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’'s Banish'd Virgin 185 Dis-
obligements received and requited. 1672 Lond. Gas. No.
712/4 Some disoblig that Ambassador had lately re-
ceived there, — : a jt "
8. The action of disobliging or fact of being dis-
obliged.
18,. in H. Adams AJ, Gallatin 450 Cory ‘To the great
disobligement of some of his strong political
Disobli-ger, vac. [fas prec.+-en!.] One
who disobliges. .
1648 W. Mountacue Devout Ess, 1. xv. $4(R.) Loving
our enemies, and ting our disobligers. 1730 Swirr
Vind. La. Carteret, Disobligers of England.
Disob , vol, sb, [f. as prec, + -ING1.]
The action of the verb DIsoBLIGE, :
1692 indication Pref. Aij b, The disobliging of Wicked
Men. 1726-31 Tixpat Ras Hist, Eng. xvu. 11. 59 By
this wise Conduct she a the disobliging of Men.
Disobliging, tt. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG 2]
That disobliges ; disincl to gratify the wishes
or meet the convenience of another; unaccommo-
dating ; also, + inconvenient, annoying (00s.).
1652 Coxaine tr, Cadprenéde’s Cassandra i, 207 In the
least disobliging terms, 1665 Sir T. Hervert 77av. (1677)
238 A Prince of that tyr 1 and dis.
1668 Davenanr Rivals 4 To
ews.
dis-
rve your knees From such
disobliging postu: x « For Power Body of People,
Misc. 164 1 eir Psotaties .. have been Disobliging to
the Nation. 1853 Mrs. Cartyte Left. 11, 239, 1 must ..
get our disobliging neighbours turned out.
Hence Disobli* adv.; Disobligingness,
unwillingness to oblige ; want of readiness to ac-
commodate a (676) ae
1654 Lo. Orrery Parthen. (1 Ness
Be gh performance. te 6. Boor Elvira 7 Whose
action .. hath shown So diso' igingly, his rash judgement
me, 1858 Mrs. Cartyte Left, IT, 382 Women .. whose
disobligingness had been the cause of my flurry, 1868
Hevrs Realmah xvii, Disobligingness .. 1s but too common
here.
“+ Disobservant, a, Obs. rare. [Dis- 10.]
eae cia ere A t of the
pale become dadmerane rote Lae
i
DISOBSTETRICATE.
+ Disobstetricate, v. Obs. nonce-wa. [Dts-
6.] trans. To reverse the office of a midwife con-
cerning ; to retard or hinder from child-birth.
1652 Urqunart Yewed Wks, (1834) 210 With parturiencie
for greater births, if a malevolent time disobstetricate not
their enixibility.
Disobstru‘ct, v. 20s. [Dis- 6.] drans.
To free from obstruction; = Dxrossrrucr. .
1611 Fiorio, Disofilare, to open or vnstop, to disobstruct.
be Power £.xf. Philos. 1. 68 The Optick Nerve being
.. disobstructed and relaxed. 1 A. Stuart in PAid.
Trans. XL. 8 Applications..intended to..discuss stagnat-
ing animal fluids, or disobstruct the vessels.
+ Diso'ccident, v. Ods. nonce-wd. [Dis-8:
cf. Disortent.] ¢vans. To throw out of his reckon-
ing as to the west; to confuse as to the points of the
compass.
1672-3 Marvet Reh. Trausp.1. 53 Perhaps some roguing
Boy that managed the Puppets turned the City wrong, and
so Gbocsidented our Geographer. |
Disoccupation. [f. Dis- 9 + Occupation ; |
cf. F. désoccupation (17th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).]
Lack of occupation, unoccupied condition.
1834 Soutury Corr. w. C. Bow/les (1881) 299 There is no
interval of disoccupation. 1889 Howe.tts Hazard New
Fort. 105 A life of luxurious disoccupation.
Disoccupy (disg*kizpai), v. [f. Dis- 6 + Oc-
cupy v., prob. after F. désoccuper, Sp. desocupar, It.
disoccupare.| trans, To cease to occupy, vacate. |
1872 Daily News 1 Apr. 3/2 (Let. fr. Madrid] The hall
vacated. .was merely disoccupied in order that [etc.]. 1882
tr, Rep. Congr. Chili in Chr. World (N.Y.) Feb. (1883) 50
The refusal of Mr. Gandarillas to disoccupy his post.
Disodie (daisdu-dik), Disodiohy-dric, etc.,
Chem.: see Di- pref-* 2.
1873 Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 11) 340 Disodiohydric Phosphate,
or Disodic Orthophosphate, is prepared by precipitating
the acid calcium gore: aa obtained in decomposing bone-
ash with sulphuric acid.
Disodour (disdwdar). xonce-wad. [Dis- 9.] Il
odour ; evil repute.
1882 Society 11 Nov. 7/2 He..died in the disodour of being
-[a] most extortionate old hunks. '
+ ‘O'ffice, sd. Ols. [D1s- 9.] An evil office,
an ill turn, a disservice.
1624 Brief Inform. Affairs Palatinate 56 It shall be an
ynkindnesse and dis-office in his deportment.
+ Disorffice, v. Os. [Dis- 7¢.] trans. To
deprive of or depose from office.
1627 Crt. & Times Chas. I (1848) I. 241 The other lords..
which are refusers, are disofficed. 1658 J. R. Chr. Sudj. vii.
too To dis-authorize and dis-office a Magistrate. a 1670
Hacker Ads. Williams u. (1692) 200 All that refuse it must
be sequestred, imprisoned, disofficed.
+ Di-solu‘tion. Chem. Obs. [Di-229.] A
solution of a sub- or proto-salt (e.g. of mercury).
1854 J. Scorrern in Orr's Circ. Se. Chem. 501 The action
of dry hydrochloric acid on di-solutions of mercury. -
Disomatous (deisdimatas), a. [f. Gr. diod-
par-os double-bodied (f. &:-, Di- 2 + o@pa, cwpar-
body) + -ous.] Having two bodies, double-bodied.
1857 DunGuison Med. Dict. s.v. Disomus, A Monster with
two bodies .. is said to be disomatous.
+ Disopi‘nion. Ods. [f. D1s- 9 +Orryton.]
1. Adverse or mean opinion (of); disesteem.
1625 Sir J. Evior in Gardiner Hist. Eng. (1875) I. vi. 225
The general disopinion..which it would work to him. 1640
Br. Reynotps Passions xxxix. 501 According to the Dis-
opinion & slender Conceipt which they have of their own
Abilities. 1647 May Hist. Part. 1. iv. 67 A disopinion and
dislike of the Parliament. | 170g Sir E. Wacker Hist. Disc.
219 He was in some disopinion with the king. :
2. Difference of opinion; dissent. rare.
1598 Florio, Disfarére, a disopinion, a diuersitie in con-
ceit. ae Be, Reynotps Passions iv, Assenting and dis-
senting thoughts, belief and disopinion. ‘
Hence + Disopi-nioned a. Ods., thought little of,
held in disrepute.
1622 H. Sypennam Sern. Sol. Occ. 11. (1637) 137 A dis-
3}
opinioned undervalued man.
+ Diso'ppilate, v. Med. Obs. [f. Dis- 6 +
OppiLatE: ef. F.désopiler (16th c. in Hatz.-Darm.),
It. désoppilare, obs. Sp. desopilar; also Drorri-
LATE.] trans. To'free from obstruction ; abso/. to
Temove obstructions; =DEOPPILATE, .
1577 Frampton Joyfull Newes m1. (1596) 54 Being vsed it
[Sassafras] dooth disopilate, and make a good colour in the
face. 1601 Hottanp Pliny xx. vi. I]. 43 Hippocrates .. is
of opinion, that it will disopilate the neck of the Matrice.
1652 Wapswortu Chocolate 8 It hath also parts of Sulphur
and of Quicksilver, which doth open, and disopilate.
Disorb (disf'sb), v. _ [f. Dis- 7 a,c + ORB sd.]
1. trans. To remove from its orb or sphere.
1606 Suaks. Ty. & Cr. u. ii. 45 Like a Starre disorb’d.
1800 W. Taytor in Monthly Mag. V111. 601 To turn aside
the planet. .and to disorb its approaching culmination,
2. To deprive of the orb as a symbol of sove-
reignty.
é . Lancaster Praeterita 54 Until the tale of years
disorb my hand. 1887 Swinsurne Locrine ui. ii. 66 Dis-
crowned, disorbed, discrested. y
Disovrchard, v. rare. [Dis- 7a, b: cf. dis-
forest.) trans. To change from the condition of an
orchard ; to divest (land) of orchards. ‘
1796 W. Marsnat IW, England 1. 216 Land..encumbered
with orchard trees..and which ought..to be disorcharded
473
sity be a gradual process, and, meanwhile, how is the
farmer..to pay the higher rent which the landlord usually
expects for his orchard land ?
+ Diso'rdain,v. Ods. Forms: 3 desordeine,
3-5 -deyne, 4-5 disordeyne, 5 -hordeyne.
[a. OF. desorden-er to disorder, degrade (11th c.),
mod.F. désordonner = Sp. desordenar, It. disorai-
nare, a Romanic formation from Dis- 4+ L. ovd7-
nare to order, OrDAIN. Cf. DEORDINATE.]
1. trans. To deprive of or degrade from orders.
1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 473 3uf eni clerc .. were itake, & vor
felon iproued .. That me solde him uerst desordeini. ¢ 1300
Beket 378 ‘That he scholde the preost take, And desordeyni
him of his ordre.
2. To disorder, derange.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. vin li. (1495) 265 Diaria
comyth..of humours whyche renne..fro the hede to the
guttes, and disordeynyth them.
+ Diso'rdained, 7//. a. Ods. Also 6 -or-
dened, -ined. [f. Disorpain v. + -ED, but, in
sense 2, app. ad. OF. desordené: see next.]
1. Disordered, irregular, out of order.
¢ 1430 Pilger. Lyf Manhode i. cxix. (1869) 62 Bi his disor-
deyned smellinge.
2. Unrestrained, immoderate : = DISORDINATE 1,
1425 Chaucer's Pars. T. » 744 (MSS. Harl. & Camb.]
Glotenye is vnresonable and desordeyned [other A/S.
desordeyne(e, discorde] coueytise to ete and to drynke.
1556 Aurelio §& /sab. (1608) Biij, After that these two
knightes had longe ynough strained together. came in so
disordined wordes [desordounees parolles], that taking their
.. swordes [etc.]. /d/d. E vij, Holde backe yowre disor-
denede answere.
+ Diso‘rdeine, diso'rdeny, a. (s.) Ods.
Forms; 4 des-, disordene, 4-5 des-, dis-, dys-,
-ordeynee, -ordenee, -ordeine, -eyne, -eigne,
5 -ordeyne, -ordeny. [a. OF. desordené (mod.
désordonné\, pa. pple. of desordener: see DISORDAIN
and Disorpinate, The final ¢ of OF. appears to
have had a double fortune, becoming on the one
side mute as in AssIGN, AVowg, on the other de-
veloping into -ee, -ze, -y as in ASSIGNEE, City: cf.
dishevel, dishevely.]
Inordinate, immoderate, excessive ; disorderly,
irregular. (Cf. DisorpINATE 1.)
1340 Ayend. 34 Auarice is disordene loue. ¢ 1386 CHAUCER
Pars. T, » 841 Alle the desordeynee [v.77. dysordenee,
disordeynet, -deine ’, -deyne, desordeigne] moewynges that
comen of flesshly talentes. ¢1430 Piler. Lyf Manhode 1.
cxxiii. (1869) 65 Whan pou seest pe wille encline to dede dis-
ordeynee. c 1450[see B.). c1475 Partenay 2768 All disording
(?disordiny] is she All-way,
B. sb. Disorder, an irregularity.
c1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 2079, 2083 What disordeny
he pare kende, He was besy it to amende.. Disordenys
when he reproued, Disordeny monkes, bat paim loued, Of
his spekyng were no3t payed. i ;
Hence + Diso'rdeinely adv. Ods., inordinately,
immoderately.
1340 Ayend, 55 Hit ne is no zenne uor to ethe be guode
metes ak ethe his [=but to eat them] to uerliche oper dis-
ordeneliche. 1413 Pilger. Sow/e (Caxton 1483) m1. x. 57
A good thynge desordeynly desyred ageynst goddes wylle.
Disorder (disf:1da1), sb. [f. Dis- 9 + OrvER
sb.: prob. after F. desordre (Palsgr. 1530). Cf.
also DisorpDER v. (which is known earlier).]
1. Absence. or undoing of order or regular ar-
rangement ; confusion; confused state or condition.
1530 Parser. 214/1 Disorder of a thyng, desbavlx, des-
ordre, desordonnance. 1555 Even Decades Pref. to Rdr.
(Arb.) 53 Disorder of the partes is a deformitie to the hole.
1651 Hospes Leviath. 1. xxx. 176 Common-wealths, im-
perfect, and apt to relapse into disorder. 1653 H. Cocan
tr. Pinto's Trav. xxxix. 154 In this order, or rather disorder,
we arrived at the Castle. 1667 Mitton /. Z. ut. 713 Light
shon, and order from disorder sprung. 1712 W. Rocers
Voy. 3 Our Ships out of trim, and every thing in disorder,
@ 1839 Prarp Poems (1864) I. 189 The tangled boughs ..
Were twined in picturesque disorder. 1875 Jowetr Plato
(ed. 2) V. 93 Disorder in a state is the source of all evil, and
order of all good. F : ,
+b. Violation of recognized order, irregularity.
1709 Pope Ess. Crit. 152 Thus Pegasus, a nearer way to
take, May boldly deviate from the common track; From
vulgar bounds with brave disorder part, And snatch a grace
— the reach of art.
. (with @ and f/.) An instance of want of order
or breach of rule; an irregularity.
1574 Wuitairr Def, A unsw. iii, Wks. (1851) I. 363 If you
say that it were a disorder that all should lay on their hands,
I grant you. 1582 Hester Secr. Phiorav. 1. i. 1 ‘These dis-
orders which are thus committed. 1687T. Brown Saints in
_ Uproar Wks. 1730 I. 83, I am resolved to..reform these
disorders. 1828 Sir W. Narier Pexins. War w. vi. I. 528
Inexperience was the.. principal cause of the disorders
which attended the retreat. :
concr, 1717 Frezier Voy. S. Sea 263 The Decoration of
the Altars .. crowded and bad .. a man cannot but lament
the immense Sums they spend on those gilt Disorders.
+b. spec. An irregularity of conduct; a disorderly
act or practice; a misdemeanour. Ods.
1581 Petrie Guazzo’s Civ. Conv. To Rdr. (1586) A vij, The
disorders of those travailers abroade, are the chiefe cause.
1601 Suaks. T'wed. NV. u. iii. 105 My Lady bad me tell you,
that though she harbors you as her kinsman, she’s nothing
ally’d to your disorders, a 1715 Burnet Own Time (1823)
1. 457 The king had another mistress .. she fell into many
dal disord 1772 S. Denne Hist. Rochester 165
1869 Pall Mail G. 24 Sept. 3 Disorcharding must of neces-
Vou. III,
To remedy the disorders of those committed to his charge.
DISORDER.
3. Disturbance, commotion, tumult; esp. a breach
of public order, riot, mutiny, outrage.
1532 Brecon Pomander of Prayer Prayers, etc. (1844) 80
To send the spirit of love and concord among us, that, with-
out any disorder or debate, every one of us may be content
with our calling, 1628 Mrap in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. LI.
265 To prevent all disorder the train-bands kept a guard on
both sides of the way. 1761 Hume //ist, Eng. IIL. Ix.
295 Many disorders in England it behoved him previously
to compose. 1834 West Ind. Sketch Bk. 1. 303 A never
ceasing surf... when the wind blows strong .. it breaks with
terrific disorder on the coast.
+4. Disturbance or agitation of mind, discom-
posure, Obs.
1595 SHaks. Fohn ut. iv. 102, I will not keepe this forme
vpon my head, When there is such disorder in my witte.
1680 Burnet Rochester (1692) 20 He remembering his dream
fell into some disorder .. and said... he was to die before
morning. 1765 H. Watpote Ofranto i. (1798) 27 His voice
faltered, and he asked with disorder, ‘What is in the great
chamber?’ 1838 Lyrron Lesda 1. vi, The old man found
Boabdil in great disorder and excitement.
5. A disturbance of the bodily (or mental)
functions; an ailment, disease, (Usually a weaker
term than Diskasr, and not implying structural
change.)
1704 Locke (J.), Sometimes occasioned by disorder in the
body, or sometimes by thoughts in the mind. 1725 N.
Rosinson 7h. Physick iii. 108 A Fever is the first Disorder
that affects the Blood and Vessels. 178r Cowprr Lett,
18 Mar., light disorder in my eye. 1860 B'’ness BuNsEN
in Hare Life (1879) IL. iv. 261 A new and troublesome stage
of his chronic disorder, 1883 Syd. Soc. Lev., Disorder. .a
term frequently used in medicine to imply functional dis-
turbance, in opposition to manifest structural change.
Disorder (disf1da1), v. [app. a modification
of earlier desordene, disordeine vb., OF. desordener,
after ORDER vb. (Valsgr. has a F. désordrer beside
désordonner, but the latter (OF. desordener) was
the proper F, form.) (Désorder sb. is app. later.)]
1. trans, To put out of order; to destroy the
regular arrangement of; to throw into disorder or
confusion ; to disarrange, derange, upset.
1477, Eart. Rivers (Caxton) Déctes 70 Workis doon by
lesingis is for to disordre good thinges. 158 FULKe in
Confer, i. (1584) Pijb, You would obscure the sense by
disordering the wordes. 1659 B, Harris Parival's [ron Age
308 The Polanders .. attempted sundry waies to break and
disorder the Swedish army. 1667 Mitton P. Z. x. 914
With .. tresses all disorderd. 1783 Burke Rep. Affairs
Ind. Wks. 1842 II. 1 Your committee hold it expedient to
collect .. the circumstances, by which that government ap-
pears to them to be most essentially disordered, 1887 BowrN
Virg. Aeneid v1. 49 Loose and disordered her fair hair flew.
+b. zz¢r. (for ref.) To become disordered ; to
fall into confusion. Ods.
1523 Lp. Berners vo/ss. I. clxii. 108 The batayle of the
marshals began to dysorder, by reason of the shot of the
archers. 1647 May //és¢. Pard. it. v. 86 The Earle made..
Gull’s Horse to retreat and disorder at this first charge.
+2. trans. To make morally irregular ; to vitiate,
corrupt; to mar, spoil. Oés.
1576 FLreminc Panopl. Epist. 4or Many times by reading
such tryfles..the manners of younge learners are disordered,
1585 ‘I’. WAsuincton tr. Nicholay’s Voy. wv. xxxiv. 156 b,
A life disordered, corrupted, and ful of al villany,
+b. vefl. To violate moral order or rule; to
break loose from restraint, behave in an unruly or
riotous manner; to transgress the bounds of mode-
ration, go to excess. Obs. (Cf. DISORDERLY a. 2,
DISORDINATE I.)
1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tint, 53/2 Those persons,
which disorder themselues, and beecome wild colts, and can
abide no law nor bridle. 1613 A/anch. Crt. Leet Rec. (1885)
II. 279 A common Drunckard, and disorders himselffe verie
often in quarrelinge and brawlinge. @ 1654 SELDEN /adle-7".
(Arb.) 44 That he should not disorder himself neither with
eating nor drinking, but eat very little of Supper.
+3. trans. To disturb the mind or feelings of;
to agitate, discompose, disconcert. Oés.
1575 J. Stitt Gamm, Gurton v. ii. in Hazl. Dodsley II.
236 Dame Chat, master doctor upon you here complaineth,
That you and your maids should him much disorder. 1679
Burnet Hist. Ref. I. 459 This he uttered with a stern coun-
tenance, at which Lambert being a little disordered [etc.].
1719 De For Crusoe (1840) II. i. 4, I looked very earnestly
at her; so that it a little disordered her. 1819 SHELLEY
Cenci u. i. 77 He said, he looked, he did ;—nothing at all
Beyond his wont, yet it disordered me.
+b. To confuse or discompose the countenance.
1676 Drypen Awrengz. m1. i. 1518 Disorder not my Face
into a Frown. 1791 Mrs. IncuBaip Simp. Story IV. xii.
150 With an angry voice and with his countenance dis-
ordered. 1 SoutHEy Yoan of Arc iv. 461 The youth’s
cheek A rapid blush disorder’d. | .
4. To derange the functions of; to put out of
health; to ‘upset’ (a person or animal, or an organ
of part of the body, or-the mind).
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 263 b, By reason of ..
some humour, whiche disordereth the Lag Al _ 1694 Acc. Sev.
Late Voy. u. (1711) 80 If you should eat their Fat, it would
. disorder the Stomach very much. 1697 Dampier Voy. I.
229 They [cochineal insects] take wing .. but the heat of the
Sun so disorders them, that they presently fall down dead.
1733-4 BerKetry Let. to Prior 17 Mar., The east wind ..
never fails to disorder my head. 1735 Wes.ey Wks. (2872)
1,18 The sea has not disordered me at all. 1853 Lp.
Hovcuton in Lif (1891) I. xi. 490 That doctrine .. seems
capable of quite disordering the minds of men who adopt
it. Mod. This climate is apt to disorder the liver.
transf. 1826 Q. Rev. XXXIV. 456 It is not 4 such
4
DISORDERABLE.
disgraceful vice and as the Confessions of Rous-
seau, but it is as much disordered by vanity as they are by
susceptibility.
+5. To deprive of, or degrade from, holy orders;
=DisorDaln 1. Obs. ‘
1 Foxe A. §& M. (1596) 131/2 If this P Tohn did
i tg in his esguun Bamana. 1681 DavDen RY A
Friar v.ii, Aliph. (shall do it by proxy, friar ; your bishop's
my friend, and is too honest to let such as you infect a
cloister. Gone. Ay, do, father-in-law, let him be stripped
of his habit, and disordered.
6. [f. Dis- 6 + Orpvek v.] To reverse an order
for; to countermand. ,
1643 Prynne Sov. Power Parl. ut. 122 The first word
[avreraccopevos] signifies properly disordered, counter-
ordered, or ordered against. 1852 Smeptey L. Arundel
xxvi, Charley Leicester, who dis-ordered the post-horses
and postponed his journey to Constantinople.
Hence Diso'rdering vé/. sb. and ppl. a.
1523 Lp. Berners Fro/ss. I, xviii. 19 ‘The next day, .all
the oste .. avaunced, without disorderyng. 1559 Primer
in Priv. Prayers (1851) ¥05 That we fall not into disordering
of ourselves by anger. 1603 Knotes //ist, FaECEN 39
[The] arrowes fell as thick . . as if it had bin a perpetual . .
showre of haile, to the great disordering and dismaying of
the whole armie. 1744 Ess. Acting 17 Like one not quite
awak't from some disordering Dream.
+ Diso‘rderable, a. Obs. rare—°. [f. prec. +
-ABLE.] Capable of being put in disorder.
1611 Cotcr., Desemparadle. .disorderable.
Disordered, ///. a. [f. as prec. +-ED!.]
1. Put out of order, thrown into confusion; dis-
arranged, confused, irregular.
1571 Dicces Pantom. i. xiv. Sij b, To measure exactly
the solide content of any small body, how disordred or
irregular so euer it be. 1603 KNottes //ist. Turks (1638)
39 Baldwin..seeking to restore his disordered companies,
and to stay the furie of the enemie. 1635 Eart Strarrorp
Lett. & Disp. (1739) 1. 394 Pardon my disordered Writing.
1805 SoutHEY Madoc in Act. xix, They..with disorder'd
speed..Ran to the city gates. 1838 Tnrtwatt Greece IV.
xxix. 79 Thrasybulus suddenly turned upon the enemy
.. and .. attacked their victorious but disordered centre.
+ b. Not according to order or rule, irregular.
1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. 1. 25, After once that
such disordered counterfaiting of God well liked them, shey
neuer ended, till .. they imagined y° God did shew fort
his power in images. 1§92-3 Act 35 Eliz. c. 1. § 5 Fre-
quenting disordered and infawful Conventicles and As-
semblies. 1635 Pacitr Christianogr. 171 There were fifty
of those Popes irregular, disordered and Apostaticall.
+2. Morally irregular, vitiated, corrupt; disor-
derly, unruly, riotous; = DIsoRDINATE I. Obs.
1548 Hatt Chron., Rich. 1/1 (an. 3) 44b, The disordered
affection whiche this kynde kynseman shewed to his blood.
1579 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 407 A nomber
of disordered persons of the Universitie. 1585 Ap. Sanpys
Sern, (1841) 381 Our own rebellious and disordered desires.
1605 SHAks, Lear 1. iv. 263 Men so disorder’d, so debosh’d,
and bold. 1630 Crt. § Zimes Chas. I (1848) I]. 63 His
wife hath .. been committed to the same prison for her
disordered tongue. 1667 Mitton ?. /. v1. 696 Warr. .hath
..to disorder’d rage let loose the reines. 1743 BuLKELEY
& Cummins Voy. S. Seas 84 The People very much dis-
order’d in Liquor, and very quarrelsome.
+ 3. Discomposed, agitated. Ods.
1711 Appison Sfect. No. 42 P1 It is. .a very odd Spectacle,
to see a Queen venting her passion in a disordered Motion.
1800 Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Fam. 111. 18 She found him
pacing the room, with a disordered air.
4. Affected with bodily or mental disorder ; out
of health ; deranged ; morbid.
1731 Attersury ob xxii. 21 (Seager) Notwithstanding
that we feel our souls disordered and restless..yet we are
strangely backward to lay hold of this method of cure.
1777 PriestLey Matt. & Spir.(1782) I. xviii. 212 A disordered
mind [is] in many cases, the evident effect of a disordered
era 1830 Herscnet Stud. Nat. Phil. § 82 In some cases
of disordered nerves, we have sensations without objects.
1856 Sir B. Bropie Psychol. /nq. 1. iii. 92 Mental derange-
ment is in numerous instances preceded by a disordered
state of the general health.
Hence Diso‘rderedly adv. ; Diso'rderedness.
1571 Gotpinc Calvin on Ps. xi, 8 Lest the disorderednesse
of al things may empair his faith. 1574 tr. Marlorat's
Afocalips 35 The Nicolaits which liue disorderedly haue
for their founder, Nicolas one of the seuen .. deacons.
a 1610 Kno.es (J.), By that disorderedness of the soldiers
a great advantage was offered unto the enemy. 1611 CorGr.,
Escorcher les anguilles par la quené, to doe things dis-
orderedly, awkwardly, the wrong wa
Disorderer. vare—°. [fas prec. + -ER!.]
One who disorders,
1598 Forio, Scorrettore, a spoiler, a marrer of anie thing,
a disordrer.
Diso'rderliness. [f. next + -nEss.] The
— = condition of being disorderly.
1 nitcirt Let. to Burghley, Not... out of respect
of his disorderliness, in the of the ion..
but also of his negligence in reading. 1678 CupwortH
Intell. Syst. 873 God is not the President .. of Irregular ..
Lust or Appetite, and of loose Erratick Disorderliness.
1748 Ricuarvson Clarissa (1811) VIII. 331 Disordering
more her native disorderliness. 1885 L'fool Daily Post
9 June 4/3 The Speaker pointed out the disorderliness o
the ings.
Disorderly (disfsdosli), a. [f. Drsonper sé.
+-LY!; after orderly.
1. Characterized by disorder, or absence of order
or regular arrangement ; in a state of disorder; not
orderly ; confused, irregular, untidy.
1632 J. Havwarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 59 ‘The winds so
outrageously unstable ., they were constrained to rome up
oo
474
and downe, with an order so disorder p Reem megs 1655
Srantey Hist. Philos. 1. (1701) 112/2 ylus, saith he,
is of all Poets..the harshest, most disorderly. 1712
Berketey Passive Obed. § 28 A disorderly and confused
chaos. N. Rosinson Th. Physick viii. 175 A dis-
orderly, = low Pulse. 1850 Prescott Peru 1. 302 ‘The
disorderly state of Peru was such as to the imme-
diate interposition of government. Macautay Hist.
Eng. 1V.79 A mob of people as n: , as dirty, and as
disorderly as the beggars .. on the Continent.
2. Opposed to or violating moral order, consti-
tuted authority, or recognized rule or method ; not
submissive to rule, lawless; unruly; tumultuous,
riotous. (Of persons, or their actions, etc.)
1585 Asp. SANDYS Seri. (1841) 383 To behold the dis-
orderly dealings of the wicked. 1658 A. Fox Wurtz’ Surg.
ut. iii. 224 A patient causeth pains to himself with disorderly
eating and drinking. c1680 BevertpGe Ser. (1729) I. 2.
Whatsoever disorderly or unworthy persons are dealt
to holy orders. 1681-6 J. Scorr Chr. Life (1747) II. 310
To confirm the Weak, and admonish the Disorderly. 1700
S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 217 They (Seamen] ever grow
more disorderly and ungovernable as they come nearer
home. 1817 Parl. Ded. 346 The Speaker submitted .. that
.. if it was a personal charge against an individual member
of the House, it was certainly disorderly. 1845 STEPHEN
Comm. Laws Eng. v1. vii. § 14 (1895) 1V. 221 If the drunken-
ness be accompanied with riotous or disorderly behaviour. .
imprisonment for any term not exceeding one month, with
or without hard labour, may be imposed. 1879 Cassedl’s
Techn. Educ. wi. 163 Disorderly conduct is always severely
punished. 1891 Laz 7 tes XC. 412/1 [He] appeared to be
under the influence of drink, and was behaving in a most
disorderly manner. Afod. He was charged with being drunk
and disorderly.
b. spec. in Law. Violating public order or
morality; constituting a nuisance; esf. in disor-
derly house (see quot.1877) ; dtsorderly person, one
guilty of one of a number of offences against public
order as defined by various Acts of Parliament, esp.
5 Geo.IV, c. 83. § 3.
1744 Act 17 Geo. IT, c. 5. § t They who threaten to run
away and leave their wives or children to the parish; or
unlawfully return to a parish from whence they have been
legally removed ; or, not having wherewith to maintain
themselves, live idle, and refuse to work for the usual
wages; and all persons going from door to door, or placing
themselves in streets, etc., ig Weg in the parishes where they
dwell, shall be deemed Idle and Disorderly Persons. 1809
Tomutns Law Dict., Disorderly houses, see Bawdy Houses;
Riots; Theatres, 1817 Parl. Ded. 435 Be it enacted, that
every house, room or place, which shall be opened or used
as a place of meeting for the purpose of reading books,
pamphlets, newspapers, or other publications .. shall be
deemed a disorderly house or place, unless the same shall
have been previously licensed. 1824 Act 5 Geo. /V, c. 83.
§ 3. .... every petty chapman or pedlar wandering abroad
and trading, without being duly licensed or authorized by
law....[etc. etc.] shall be deemed an idle and disorderly
person within the true intent and meaning of this act. 1877
. F. Srernen Digest Crim. Law (1883) 122 The following
houses are disorderly houses, that is to say : common bawdy
houses, common gaming houses, common betting houses,
disorderly places of entertainment. 1887 7imes 30 Sept. 8/3
‘The charge of keeping. .a disorderly house.
+3. Affected with disorder or disturbance of the
bodily functions; diseased, morbid. Ods.
1655 CuLrerrer Riverius 1. vii. 121 A thin watery Humor
or Choller which abounds in the blood, and makes it more
disorderly.
4. Attended with mental agitation or discompo-
sure. rare.
1871 R. Extis Catulius \xv. 24 She in tell-tale cheeks
glows a disorderly shame.
Disorderly, adv.
disorderly manner.
1. Without order or regular arrangement ; con-
fusedly, irregularly ; in disorder or confusion.
1577 Gascoicne Devise of a Masque, etc. (R.) On other
side the Turkes .. Disorderly did spread their force.
Exam, H, Barrow, etc. in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) IL. 17
Suggestions against me, disorderly framed according to the
malitious humour of mine accuser. 16x J . Haywarp tr,
Biondi's Eromena 37 With their heire ging disorderly
about their eares. 1745 P. Tuomas rnd. Anson's Voy. 182
The Husbandmen at first sow it [rice] disorderly, like other
Corn. 1847 Tennyson Princess 1. 152 ‘To horse’ Said
Ida; ‘home ! to horse !’ and fled .. Disorderly the women.
2. Not according to order or rule; in a lawless
or unruly way; tumultuously, riotously.
1564 Brief Exam. +iij, Their amendement who haue dis-
orderlye behaued them selues. Ka Lamparpve £tren, u.
v. (1588) 185 An unlawfull Assemblie, is the companie of
three or mo persons, disorderly i 1g +. to
commit an vnlawfull acte. x61x Biote 2 7'Aess. iii. 6 That
ye withdraw your selues from e brother that walketh
disorderly, Lurrrett Brief Rel. (1857) 1. 528 The
Polish letters bring, that the dyet .. was lately broken up
very disorderly. 1843 fe H. Newman Miracles 58 ‘They
could use them di: rly.
8. With mental agitation or discomposure. rare,
3811 W. R. Spencer Poems 211 Disorderly she own'd her
glorious passion.
+ Diso'rderous, a. Os. [f. DisorDER sd. +
-0US.] = DISORDERLY a. Hence + Diso'rderously
adv., + Diso'rderousness.
_1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 11s/t They whiche
liue disorderously, and giue euill example to the rest. /did.
119/2 If there be any disorderous or disolute person. /did.
143/1 If they see any dronkardes, if they see any whore-
dome, and such like disorderousnesse, 1§81 J. Bett Had-
don's Answ. Osor. 215, One onely disorderous order of
people. /éi%. 323 The disorderous abuses of all your religion.
[f. as prec.+-L¥?.] Ina
Pf HAucER Boeth. v. pr. i, 150 What
ben teh. feord
DISORGANIZATION.
a Ay nema ts. andenn nT ERE
“f Diso'rdinance. Oés. Forms: 4-5 dis-,
dys-, -orden-, -ordin-, -ordyn-aunce, 5-6 -or-
donaunce. [a. OF. desordenance, later -on(n)-
ance, f, desor (now -ordonner) to DISORDAIN :
see -ANCE.] Disorder, confusion, irregularity.
my3tle]
. to folie and to disordinaunce syn bat god ledip
.. alle pinges by ordre? 148r Caxton Tully's Friendship,
Orat. G. Flaminius Eiv, They have sette it in grete
ble and disordi -e. — myer fe I. xvi. 48
Noo thyng is mor preiudicyable in a ille than dysor-
donaunce. 1g02 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) tv. xiii.
205 Yf he haue not other disordonaunce.
+Diso'rdinate, a. Os. Forms: a. 4-7 disor-
dinat, 5 dys-, disordynate, disordenate, 6- dis-
ordinate. £. 5-6 des-, dys-,6 disordon(n)ate.
[Latinized form of OF. desordené (=Sp. desorde-
nado, It. disordinato), pa. pple. of desordener to
Disorparn. Cf. the synonym DeorDINATE from
med.L. *deordinare, and see De- I. 6.)
1. Not conformed to moral order, or to what is
right, befitting, or reasonable; transgressing the
bounds of moderation or propriety ; unrestrained,
immoderate, inordinate. (Cf. DiSoRDERLY a. 2.)
1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. P 348 The horrible disordinat
scantnesse of clothing. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 34/2 For
this cause putteth gylbert the necglygence of prelates —-
the thyngys dysordynate. 1 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de
W. 1506) 1. vii. 75 [The soul] falleth by affeccion in loue
dysordonate in to powder & asshes of thyn; erthely.
1577 Nortuprooke Dicing (1843) 171 They ince with
disordinate gestures..to dishonest verses. 1579 TwyNr
Phisicke agst. Fort. u. x\viii. 223 b, Although the lyfe of
man in many other thinges be disordinate and out of course.
1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc’s Trav, 117 Winter —
in May, because of the disordinate raines which fall from
that Moneth to the end of August. a1693 Urqunarr
Rabelais 11. xxxii. 271 Disordinate Passions and Perturba-
tions of the Mind.
b. of persons.
1483 Caxton Cato Aij, By whiche they be the more dis-
ordynate and obstynate in their Iniquite. 1574 HeLLowrs
Gueuara's Fam, Ep. 4 A Prince .. disordinate in eating,
and not sober in drinking, is termed but vicious.
Mitton Hist, Eng. ut. (1851) 99 They .. unfitted ..
People, now grown worse al more disordinat, to receave..
any Liberty. 1671 — ranges! With sickness and disease
thou bow’st them down.. Though not disordinate, yet
causeless suffering The punishment of dissolute days.
2. Devoid of order, confused, irregular; = D1s-
ORDERLY a. 1, (Only in De Quincey.)
1822-56 De Quincey Confess. Wks. V. 146 This private
Oswestry library wore something of the same wild tumul-
tuary aspect, fantastic and disordinate, 1840 — Style Wks.
XI. 182 Artifices peculiarly adapted to the powers of the
Latin language, and yet. .careless and disordinate.
Hence + Diso'rdinateness, O/s.
1657 Divine Lover 113 When shall disordinatenesse be
blotted out of thee?
+ Diso'rdinately, adv. Ods. [f. prec. +-L¥*.]
1. Not according to order, propriety, or modera-
tion; irregularly ; inordinately, excessively.
1474 Caxton Chesse 1. i. Aiv, To displese .. synne
& the peple by lyuyng disordonatly. 764d.’ i Fijb,
‘They deceyve the symple men & drawen them tothe courtes
disordenately. — Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 1. xivii.
83a/t They that louen dysordynatly the honoures of th’
worlde. 148 Hatt Chron, Hen. V. (an. 2) asby
id disordinatly spent
nea as cud ether srcieal pacseoss.. qe Gach?
rely s other s; is
Po 7 The king would take into his hands the dis-
inately consumed by the Clergy.
2. Without order or arrangement, confusedly, ir-
regularly.
1830 De Quincey Kant in Misc. Ess, Wks. (1890) VILL. 92
No matter how clumsily, disordinately, u
— Antobiog. Wks. 11, 18 The. .library..has been i-
"| Disordina-tion. ls. [n. of action and
condition from DISORDAIN v., DISORDINATE@.: see
-ATION.] Disarrangement, putting out of order ;
disordered condition ; = DEORDINATION.
1626 Bacon Sylva f 36 This is wrought by Emission. .of
uly,
so
the Natiue Spirits ; also by the Disordination and Dis-
composture of the Tangible Parts. 1684 T. Burner 7%.
Earth 1. 156 How comes this dist and disordination
in nature ?
Disordined: see DisorDAINED 2.
Disording: see Disorperne a. Obs.
Disordonat, -aynce: see DISORDINATE, -ANCE.
(dispigeenik), a. [D1s- 10.] Not
organic; without organic or organized constitution.
1840 Cartye //erves v. (1872) 156 This anomaly of a dis-
organic Literary C — Past §& Pr. i. vi. (1872)
247 This disorganic..hell-ridden world.
Disouganiza’ton. [ad. F. désorganisation
n Hatz.-Darm.), n. of action eee”:
rs to ve
Burke's Wks.
of ion of Paché,
which has completely disorganized the supply of our armies ;
which by that di: i c Du-
mourier to stop in the middle of its conquests. Wet-
tincTon in Gurw. Desf. 1V. 458 He found the Portuguese
a
Y
=) ee
: DISORGANIZE.
army..in such a state of disorganization, that [etc.]. 1833
Hr. Martineau Loom & Lugger u. v. 80 ‘The total dis-
organization of society. 1845 Bupp Dis. Liver 383 Dis-
organization or atrophy of the lobular substance of the
liver. Exam. 10 Dec. 5/2 Half measures ..
are fruitful only of disorganization and discontent.
Di e@ (dispiganoiz), v. [ad. F. désor-
ganiser (1764 in Hatz.-Darm.), f. des-, Dis- 4 +
organiser to ORGANIZE.] trans. To destroy the
organization or systematic arrangement of; to
break up the organic connexion of; to throw into
confusion or disorder. ;
1793 Burke Conduct Minority Wks. 1842 I. 618 Their
ever memorable decree of the re of Decaaer I ens
oe gee izing every country in Europe, into which they
should..set their foot. 1802 A. Hamitton ks. “_ Wid:
24 ‘This will give him fair play to disorganize New Eng-
oo if so disposed. 1812 Conan Treat. Law Idiots
& Lunaticks 1. 68 (Jod.), You can not enter into the mind to
know by what means it is disorganized, but you find it
disorganized. 1849 Macautay //ist. Eng. I. 478 The Whigs
+, though defeated, disheartened, and disorganized, did not
yield without an effort.
ed, fl. a. [f. prec. + -ED].]
Deprived or destitute of organization ; having lost,
or being without, organic connexion or systematic
arrangement; thrown into confusion, disordered.
1812 [see DisorGanize]. 1840 Macautay £ss. Clive
(1854) _529/x A succession of revolutions ; a disorganized
administration. 1868 Ruskin Pol. Econ. Art Add. 199
A vast and disorganized mob, scrambling each for what he
can get. 1 Haran Eyesight v. 53 The operation for
the removal of a disorganized eye is not a serious one.
Diso'rganizer. [f. as prec. + -Ex1.] One
who or that which disorganizes.
798 Heten M. Wituiams Lett. on France 11. 131 (Jod.)
[They] discredit the cause of liberty. . by treating as atheists,
that is to say, as universal disorganizers, its partisans and
friends. 1835 New Monthly ces & XLV. 301 If he had .
0
lived in the French revolution he should have been a great
disorganiser. 1894 D. G. Tompson in Jorn (U.S.) Jan.
That greatest disorganizer of society. . war.
*Disorganizing, spl.a. [f.as prec. + -ING 2.]
That disorganizes; causing disorganization.
1796 C. Burney Metastasio III. 254 Her unprincipled,
philosophical, and oe successor. 1799 W. TayLor
in Monthly Rev. XXVIII. 525 Freych principles have been
called disorganizing. 1800 J, Bowes Polit. & Moral State
Soc. 160 note, The disorganizing and licentious principles
of the French Revolution. 1895 Century Mag. Aug. 549/1
‘They weaken the body by .. violent, depressing, and dis-
organizing emotions,
+ Diso‘rient, v. Ods. [ad. F. désorienter to turn
from an eastward position, cause to lose one’s bear-
ings, embarrass, f. des- Dis- 4 + ortenter to ORIENT. ]
trans. To turn from the east; to cause to ‘lose one’s
bearings’; to put out, disconcert, embarrass.
1655 J. Jennincs Z/ise 48 "T'was Philippin who was dis-
oriented, but more Isabella. 1740 Warsurton Div. Legat.
v. (R.), I doubt then the learned professor was a little dis-
oriented when he called the promises in Ezekiel and in the
Revelations the same. 1835 Syp. Smitu Memoir, etc. (1855)
II. 356, I hope you will disorient yourself soon. The de-
parture of the wise men from the East seems to have been
on a more extensive scale than is generally supposed.
Disorientate (disderiénte't), v. [Dis- 6.]
trans, To turn from an eastward position ; fa. pple.
not facing due east.
1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn., cited in Johnson. 1730-6
Baiey (folio), Disorientated (spoken of a sun-dial), turn'd
away from the east, or some of the cardinal points. 1850
Lcclesiologist X1. 79 S. John the Evangelist [Guernsey] is
a district church, built in 1836. It is disorientated. 1
Ibid. XIV. 361 It has a chancel .. strangely disorientat
towards the south.
b. fig. ;
1727-51 Cuambers Cyc. s.v., The word is most frequently
used .. for the disconcerting, or putting a man out of his
way, orelement. Speak of ew to a physician, or of physic
toa lawyer, and they will both be disorientated.
Disorienta‘tion. [n. of action f. prec. vb.]
1. The condition of being disorientated ; deviation
from the eastward position.
1860 Ecclesiologist XXI1. 400 A Roman Catholic church
at Wrexham, which, by its intentional disorientation, looks
very awkward by the side of. .the new church of S. Mark.
2. The condition of having lost one’s bearings ;
uncertainty as to direction.
1882 W. James in Amer. Ann. Deaf & Dumb Apr. (1883)
109 [One lost in woods or forgetting in the dark the position
of his bed] knows the altogether peculiar discomfort and
anxiety of such ‘ disorientation’ in the horizontal plane.
+ Diso'rnament, v. Ods.rvare. [Dis- 6 or7a.]
trans. To deprive of ornament.
Nasue Christ's T. (2613) 58 The disornamenting of
this mother of Cities. 1648 E. Sparxe in J. Shute Sarah §
H. (1649) Ep. Ded., The very E i of all Ingenuity,
which it. .rifles and disornaments.
Disosit, obs. Sc. f. DisusED.
+ Disour. Obs. (exc. Hist.) Forms: 4 disur,
disour, dyssour, 4-6 dysour, 5 dysowre, 6 disor,
dyser, dyzar, disare, dissar, (9 7st. dissour,
disour).. [a. OF. disour, -eor, -or, -eur, agent-n.
from dire, dis-ant to say. Cf. Pr. dézedor, Sp. de-
cidor, It. dicitore, repr. a Romanic type *dicitorem,
from L. dicéreto say, tell. Seealso Dizzarp.] A (pro-
fessional) story-teller; a reciter of ‘ gestes’ ; a jester.
@ 1300 Cursor M. 27932 (Cott.) Speche o disur, rimes vn-
right, gest of Jogolur. c1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace
475
(Rolls) Prol. 75, I mad nought for no disours .. Bot for pe
luf of symple menne, Pat strange Inglis canne not kenne.
1362 Lancv. P. PZ. A. vit. 50 Hold not pou with harlotes,
here not heore tales..For pei ben pe deueles disours, I do
pe to vndurstonde. 1377 /di. B. x11. 172 ‘Itis but adido’,
quod pis doctour, ‘a aes tale’. 1496 Dives & Paup.
(W. de W.) 1x. vi. 355/2 This mynstrall is the worlde
whiche playeth with folke of this worlde as a mynstrall as
a Jogulour and asadysour. 1530 PatsGr. 214/1 Dissar, a
scoffer, saigefol. 1 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 374/1
He playeth the deuils disor euen in this point. 1801 Strutr
Sports & Past. ui. iii, 162 The conteurs and the jestours, who
are also called dissours, and seggers .. were literally tale-
tellers. 1890 Q. Kev. Oct. 439 Disours, jongleurs, gleemen.
Disown (disén), v. [f. Dis- 6+ Own v.: cf.
disclaim,
(In some recent dictionaries, this and the simple Ow have
each been improperly split up into two verbs, sense 3 being
erroneously assumed to be derived from OE. uxnan to
grant, with which it has no connexion: see Own v.)]
+1. trans. To cease to own, to relinquish one’s
possession of ; to give up, part with, renounce.
c1620 H. Anperson Bidding World Farewell in Farr
S.P. Fas, [ (1848) 304 The houre is set wherein they must
disown The royal pomp, the treasure, and the throne.
2. To refuse to acknowledge as one’s own, or as
connected with oneself; not to own; to renounce,
repudiate, disclaim.
1649 St. Trials, Col. Lilburn (R.) You say it is im-
possible for you .. without advice of counsel to own or dis-
own books. 1659 D. Pett /wpr. Sea 415 Vhat Christ will
disown, and reject many that have strong hopes .. of their
Salvation. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 130 ‘The king .. had
not the least Regard to his Word, and even disown’d a
Letter he had written to. .the King of France. 1777 FRANK-
Lin Lett. Wks. (1889) VI. 117, I see... that Mr. Deane is
disowned in some of his agreements with officers, 1832
Hr. Martineau Homes Abroad i. 4 He had for some time
disowned them as sons. 1856 Frouve //ist. ng. (1858) I.
ii. 116 ‘The prince .. was .. required to disown .. the obli-
gations contracted in his name.
b. To refuse to acknowledge the authority of |
(a government, etc.) over oneself; to renounce
allegiance to.
1693 Luttrett Brief Rel. (1857) III. 89 Sir George
Downing, who disowned this government at the beginning
of the revolution .. has taken the oaths. 1726 Adv. Café.
R. Boyle 127 Their Mufti..disowns the Emperor's Au-
thority. 1855 Macautay //ist. Eng. II]. 705 As soon as
James was restored, it would be a duty to disown and with-
stand him. ‘The present duty was to disown and withstand
his son in law.
ec. In the Society of Friends: To disclaim as a
fellow-member ; to expel from membership.
1727 Minutes of Yearly Mecting of Soc. Friends 26
Mar. (J. Phillips, 1783), Any person denied by a Monthly
Meeting is adjudged as disowned by Friends and to stand
and remain in that state, till by his repentance .. he is
reconciled to Friends, or reinstated in membership among
them. _ 1783-1883 Book of Discipline of Soc. Friends 204
Which Meeting is to receive his acknowledgment or to dis-
own him, as in its judgment the case shall require. 1806
[see DisowNMeENT].
+3. To refuse to acknowledge or admit (anything
imputed, claimed, or asserted) ; to deny. Obs,
1666 Pepys Diary 24 June, He do not disowne but that
the dividing of the fleet... was a good resolution. 1701
De For True-born Eng. Pref., Nor do I disown .. that I
could be glad to see it rectified. 1710 Lond. Gaz. No. 4752/2
The Court no longer disown his. .Majesty’s Arrival. 1726
Leon A lberti’s Archit. 1. 26/1 We cannot disown that it
has one Fault.
Hence Disow'ned £f/. a., Disowning v0/. sb.
1654 Lp. Orrery Parthen. (1676) 675 A disowning of their
Quarrel by the Gods. 1 Norris Treat. Humility iii.
119 A constructive disowning, and vertual denial of our
having received what we have from God. 1813 Mar. Epce-
wortH Patron. II. xxiv. 70 Lord Oldborough had uever,
after the disowning of Buckhurst, mentioned his name. 1829
Lytton (¢i#/e), The Disowned.
+ Disow'nable, z. Ods. [f. prec. + -ABLE.]
Liable to be disowned ; sfec. rendering one liable
to be disowned (sense 2 c).
Scnarr Encycé. Relig. Knowl, (1882-3) 111.197 From 1696
to 1776 the society nearly every year declared ‘the importing,
parehaae, or sale of slaves’ by its members to be a ‘disown-
able offerice’.
Disownment. [f. as prec. + -menT.] The
act of disowning, renunciation ; sec. repudiation
from membership in the Society of Friends.
1806 CLarkson Port. Quaker. 1. Discipline i. § 11.195 He
is then publicly excluded from membership, or, as it is
called, Disowned. ‘This is done by a distinct document,
called a Testimony of Disownment. 1883 Book of Dis-
— of Soc. Friends 203 The Monthly Meeting should,
ter due consideration, issue a testimony of disownment
against such person. 1893 Columbus (Ohio) Disp. 14 Sept.,
The disownment and desertion [of Burns] by Jean Armour.
+ Disoxidate, v. Chem. Obs. [Dis- 6.]
trans. To reduce from the state of an oxide: =
Deox1patE. Hence Diso‘xidating Z//. a.; also
Disoxida‘tion = DEOXIDATION.
180r CueNevix in Phil. Trans. XCI. 240 A very small
mixture of any disoxidating substance. 1802 SmiTHsoN
bid. XCIII. 26 The disoxidation of the zinc calx. 1817
Coreripce Biog. Lit. etc. 403 A handicraftsman from a
laboratory, who had just succeeded in disoxydating an earth.
+ Disoxygenate, v. Chem: Obs. [D1s- 6.]
trans. To deprive of oxygen: =DEOXYGENATE.
Hence Disoxygenated ///. a.; also Disoxy-
gena‘tion = DEOXYGENATION.
1800 Henry Zfit. Chem, (1808) 137 The sulphur is not
DISPARAGE.
entirely disoxygenated. /di¢, 177 ‘The affinity of this acid
for its base is weakened by dis-oxygenation, 1822 Im1son
Se. & Art II. 199 Indigo will not combine with the cloth
except in its disoxygenated or green state. 1831 BrewstER
Optics x. gr Two sets of invisible rays in the solar spectrum,
one on the red side which favours oxygenation, and the
other on the violet side which favours disoxygenation. _
+ Dispa‘ce, v. Os. [A Spenserian formation
of doubtful derivation. Perh. f. Drs- 1+ Pace z. ;
or else f. L. di-, Di-! + spatiari, It. spaziare to
walk.) dtr. and ref. To walk or move about.
1588 Spenser Virgil’s Guat 295 ‘Thus wise long time he
did himselfe dispace There round about. 1591 — Wuzofot.
250 But when he spide the joyous Butterflie In this faire
plot dispacing too and fro. 1610G, FLetcuer Christ’s Tri.
after Death (R.), [The Saints) in this lower field dispacing
wide, Through windy thoughts, that would their sails mis-
guide.
+ Dispa‘ck, v. Ods. rare. [f. Dis-6+ Pack v.:
cf. OF. despacguer to unpack (1496 in Godef.).]
trans. ‘To unpack, to open out.
1591 SYLVESTER Du Partas 1.i. 518 When God the mingled
lump dispackt, From fiery element did light extract.
Dispa‘geant, v. rare. [Dis- 7b.]
To strip of pageantry or brilliant display.
1861 Lytron & Fane Vannhduser 74 The mighty Hall
Dumb, dismally dispageanted.
+ Dispaint, v. Ols. rare. [f. Dis- 1+ Paint
v.: cf. depatnt.]_ trans. To paint diversely.
1590 SrENsER F, Q. 11. ix. 50 His chamber was dispainted
all within With sondry colours.
+ Dispai‘r, v.! Ods. [f. Dis- 6+ Pair v.] drans.
To undo the pairing of, separate from being a pair.
1598 SyivesteR Yu Bartas u. ii. mt. Colonies 41 The
grissell ‘Turtles (seldome seen alone) Dis-payer'd and parted,
wander one by one. ¢1611 Beaum. & FL. 7 rdumph of Love
vii, I have .. dispaired two doves, Made ‘em sit mourning.
1748 RicHarpson Clarissa (1611) 1V. x. 60 Engagements
vee the minds are unpaired—disfairvd in my case, may
say.
+ Dispair‘e, v.2 Os. [var.of Depair, a. OF.
despetrer, depetrer to spoil. Cf. also DisPayre 56.]
intr. To spoil, become injured, ‘ go bad’.
1573 Tusser //usé, lvii. (1878) 136 Kell dried [hops] will
abide foule weather or faire, where drieng and lieng in luft
doo dispaire.
Dispaire, obs. form of DESPAIR.
+ Dispa‘late, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6+ Pavare
v.) trans. To make or find unpalatable, disrelish.
1630 Bratuwait “vg. Gen‘lem. (1641) 75, His Vocation,
which perchance by our nicer and more curious gallants ..
will be distasted and dispalated.
+ Dispa‘le, v. Os. rare. [Dis- 7a.) trans.
To deprive of its pale or enclosing fence.
1658 J. Jones Ovid's /é/s 51 An adulterous wife is Acteons
park dispal’d.
+Dispa'nd, v. Ods. [ad. L. déspand-cre, f.
Dis- 1 + fandéve to spread, stretch.] ¢rans. To
spread abroad, to expand.
1656 Biount Glossogr., Dispand (dispando), to stretch out
or spread abroad. 1657 ‘TomLinson Nenou's Disp. Ded.,
The rayes of your Learning being dispanded. 1669 WorLipcE
Syst. Agric. (1681) 56 This Seed..being cast into its proper
Matrix or Menstruum..doth dispand its self, and increase
trans.
into the form and matter by Nature designed. 1692-1732
Corrs, Expand, dispand, display.
+Dispa‘nnel, vw. Ols. rare. [f. Dis- 6 +
PANNEL v.] ¢rans. To deprive of a ‘ pannel’ or
saddle-cloth.
1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes 1v. xx. 267 Behind dispannell’d
Sancho rode. F
+Dispa‘nsion. Obs. rare—°.
from Dispanp.] = EXPansion.
1658 Puitiirs, Dispansion, a spreading both wayes. 1755
Jounson, Déispansion, the act of displaying; the act of
spreading ; diffusion ; dilatation. :
Dispansive (dispz‘nsiv), a. [f. L. dispans-,
ppl. stem of dispandére to DisPAND: see -IVE.]
(See quot.)
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dispansive, term applied to a system
of lenses which has a negative focal distance. Used in
opposition to a system of lenses with positive focal distance,
which is termed collective.
Dispantheonize, dispa’palize: see Dis- 6.
+ Dispar, «a. Obs. rare. [ad.L. dispar, f. Dis-
4+ far equal.] Unequal, unlike.
1587 Misfort. Arthur w. ii. in Hazl. Dodsley IV. 323 Dis-
par minds and inward moods unlike.
Dispar(e, obs. form of DEsParr.
+Disparable, ¢. Os. rare. [f. L. déspar
unequal, or f, L. dispar-are to separate, divide ;
perhaps after ComMPARABLE.]_ Unlike.
1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton)1. iil. (1859) 4 Dyuerse and dis-
parayble, bothe in theyr persounes, and ..occupacyons.
+ Dis a‘radise, v. Obs. rare. [Dis- 7¢.]
trans. To turn out of paradise. Also fig.
1593 Nasue Christ's T. (1613) 78 Thou that ere this hast
disparradiz’d our first Parent Adam. 1623 Cockeram, Dis-
paradized, falne from happinesse to miserte.
+ Dispa‘rage, s/. Ols. Also 4-5 des-, dis-
perage. [ME. desparage, dispera'ge, a. OF, des-*
parage unworthy marriage (Godef.), f. as next.]
1, Inequality of rank in marriage; an unequal
match; disgrace resulting from marriage with one
of inferior rank.
¢ 1315 SHOREHAM 54 Ne may hem falle after thys lyf Non
on-worth desperage. c¢ 1386 Cuaucer Clerk's 7. 852 Hym
60* -2
[n. of action
DISPARAGE.
it were
wate tyne Ray yt 4 ‘To Ws entags 09 lowe fx
shales wate he that ‘hath the = mane in
~Qwew
FEE Vaccaded ter doh cock a Chuees
2. Il-matchedness ; incongruity, ;
€ Hymns Virg, (1862) 74 Pride in age Doip disperage.
3. aptregement, dishonour,
a xgsoa H. Sarr Hs, (1867) 11, 481 Lf forbear, .1 blush,
I fear His ite and my disparage, 1615 Hevwoon Fowre
Prentises 1, 1874 Uh x65, 1 hold it wo disparage to
birth, Though | be an Earle, to haue il
the full knowledge of the Mercers ‘Trade.
(dispaeredg), v. Also 4 des-, 5
dys-; 5 dysparych, 7 disparadge, -parrage,
“parge. [a. OF. ee desperager to match
or cause to marry unequally; later ‘to offer vato, |
or im
(Cotgr.), f. des, Dis- 4 + pavage equality of rank.)
+1. @ans. To match unequally; to degrade or
dishonour by marrying to one of inferior rank, Oés.
(aga Brrvvon um, iit, $4 Et si acune de juvene by her
mari¢ a tiel ou ele est desparagé, frans?. If any
heir of tender years be married where she is di el.)
€13g0 Will, Palerne 485, 1 nel leie mi loue so low .. Des-
paraged were i disgisili 3if i dede in pis wise. 1480 Caxton
Chron, Bug. coxvil. 204 Moch was this fayr damysel dys-
paraged sith that she was maryed ayenst al the comune
asseat of England, 1611 Corux., 4pparage, a maid thats
maried vato her equall, or, thats not disparaged. 1779-81
Jounson L. , Pope Wks LV. 113 History relates that she
was about to disparage herself by a marriage with an inferior.
2. To bring discredit or reproach upon ; to dis-
honour, discredit; to lower in credit or esteem.
on a man vafit, or vnworthie conditions’ |
¢ 1386 Chaucer Xeeve's 7. 351 Who dorste be so boold to,
disparage My doghter that is come of swich lynage? @ 1400
Pistill of Susan 253 Heo keuered vp on hir y ry and
cussed his hand: For I am dampned, I ne dar dis) areas
bi moub. 1486 Bk, St. Albans Bij b, Then is the hawke
disparagid for all that yere. 1612 Be. Hart Xevodd. 7 reat.
(2614) 657 The place oft-times disparages; As, to put the
Arke of God into a Cart, or to set it by Dagon. 16g1 Haxr-
cLirre Virtues 406 Men disparage Religion who profess it,
and do not guide their Actions according to its Strines,
1754 Foors Anighés 1 Wks. 1799 1. 69 If you tell father he ‘ll
knock my brains out, for he says I'll disparage the family.
1854 Brewster More Words Pref. 6 A view .. calculated
to disparage the science of astronomy.
+3. a. To lower in position or dignity; to de-
grade. b. To lower in one's own estimation ; to
cast down. Ods.
1496 Dives & Pans. (W. de W.) vi xv. 2538/1 Cryste ..
anentysshed hymself and dysparyched hymselfe in to the
lykenesse of a seruaunt. 15948 Hari Chron, Hen, V1 (an,
28) 160 Lest they shoulde .. declare his base byrthe, and
lowsy lynage, desparagyng him from his usurped surname
of Mortymer, 1ggo Spenser /. Q. ut. x. 2 How shall fraile
pen, with fear disparaged, Conceive such soveraine glory and
qreat bountyhed? 1614 H. Gaeenwoov Jayde Delerery 471
‘bey that are troubled and amazed at their sinnes, let them
not be disparaged. 1704'S Pors Let. to Wycheriey 25 Jan.,
1 am disparaged and disheartened by your commendations.
1716 Avpison Drammer 1. i, Vl not disparage myself to be
a Servant in a House that is haunted.
4. To speak of or treat slightingly; to treat as
something lower than it is; to undervalue; to
vilify.
1936 Craxmer in Four C. Eng. Lett. 14 They should not
esteem any part of your grace’s honour to be touched
thereby, but her honour only to be clearly disparaged. 1599
Snaks. Muck Ado us. ii. 131, | will disparage Ga no farther,
till you are my witnesse. @ 1656 Br. ix Rem, Wks.
(1660) 161 One dares question, yea disparage the sacred
Scriptures of God. 1660 Hickerincit, Jamaica (1661) 20
‘The Composition of. .Chocoletta is now so vulyar, that I will
not disparage my Reader by doubting his acquaintance in
so known a Recipe. 1gag Burnet Own Time (1766) LL. 48
‘Took it ill of me that I should disparage the kings evidence.
1837-9 Hariam Ast. Lit, LV. vi. wv. $16. 267 ka a very
narrow criticism which di es Racine out of idolatry
of anus. 1859 Mit L ther ty ii, (1865) 26/1 It is the
fashion of the present time to disparage negative logic.
Hence Disparraged p//. a.
x6ax Corcr., Desparagé, disparaged. 80a Bevvoes
Aygtia v.22 Would not the disparaged milk afford whole-
1885 GLAvsTons Se Com, 23 Feb., A
4
“Bispa Government and ‘it “ ouse of j
yrageable, «. [f. Disranacey. + -a BLE.
+1. Tending to disparage or bring disgrace upon ;
lowering, disgraceful. Ob. a
1627 Coruns Def Bp. Ely us, vii. 276 there be any
aes
some aliment?
thing more d
N. R. Casuden's Hest. —_s 53 They disdained this mar-
r ©... a8...
hank. Pacif. 2x Much lesse let it be held ..
ra ee a a Se.
2. ‘To be disparaged.
1648 J. Gooowin Kighé
Army is not
2 Mem 22 The onthe of the
of evill, that it may bri -*
wie A possibility or likelyhood
% (disperedgmént). Also 6
S t.
[ OF. desparagement, £. desparager Di )
a. OF. ISPABAGE.
, t Marriage to one of inferior rank ; the disgrace
or dishonour involved in such a misalliance. Cds.
bo a
1§23 Surv. xii, 23 If vomaryed, than hi
maryage to ee
ment. Lampaave Peramd. Kent (1826) @1$77
Sur T. Sarr Comemere. Eng. ui. v. (R.) Couenable s ii
without eS 6 ee
disparagement. 1651 [see
| with soft and supp
476
PARITY spy Mearesan Rees Hank HE os Beans hemes
tthe pat A 8g, Serwe, (1841) 325 In mar.
3 \ we, SANDYS 1841
te Ve] : whom
¢
oon eee it h us to be
we be of the of professing one true
we het woh the disparagement wherein is the cause of
2. Lowering of value, honour, or estimation ; dis-
honour, indignity, d ce, discredit ; that which
causes or bri oss of dignity, ete.
86 Act 3 Hen, WIE 0 0 Wegen, Nate. See oe
.. Disparagements ‘omen, 1g90 SHaks, Com,
Err. i. i. 149 Passed sentence may not be recal'd But to our
h great di Ag 1998 — Merry W.1. i, 31 1
Sir John Falstafle haue itted disp ts vato
you, Bacon Adv. Learn. 1, viii. § 3. 43 To haue com-
mandement ouer Gally-slaues is a disparagement, rather than
an honour, 1644 Mivvon Jadgme. Sucer (1851) 303 In that
Doctoral Chair, where once the learnedest of bee
thought it no dis; ement to sit at his feet. 1676 Cotes
Eng. Dict. Yo Rar. iS no Disparagement to understand
the Canting Terms: It may chance to save Throat
from being cut, or (at least) your Pocket from being pick'd.
176q Reiw /ngwery ii, $6. 108 No disparagement ts meant
to the understandings of the authors, 1837-9 Hatta //7s¢,
Lit. (1847) L. xi. $2. 85 Noris this any disparagement to their
ability, 1869 ald Maéi G11 Oct. 2 These appointments, .
have brought all the lesser dignities into disparagement.
3. The action of speaking of in a slighting or
depreciatory way; depreciation, detraction, under-
valuing.
agsgt Greens Art Conny Catch. . (1592) 13 (He) dare
not lift his plumes in disparagement of my credit. 4x
J. Gooowin Filled w. the Sperit (1867) 87 That proverb
disparagement, A fool and his money are soon parted. 1699
Benriey Pad, Pref. 82 A Disparagement from men of*no
knowledge in the things they pretend to judge is the least
of Disparagements. 1761-2 uns Hist, Exg. (1806) 11.
xlvii. p05 He had expressed himself with great disparage-
ment of the common law of England. 1859 Lewin /aves.
Brit, 61 A strong bias towards the glorification of the writer
and the disparagement of the Britons. 1876 Moztey Unir.
Serme. v. (1877) 106 We may observe in the New Testament
an absence of all disparagement of the military life.
- . [f. Disparace v.+-ER 1) One
who ¢ ae ape or discredits; one who speaks
slightingly of, or belittles ; a detractor.
war Corer, | utuperenr, a dis , di 3
disparager, disgracer. 1640 Br. Hau Epise. w. xix, 198
It can be no great comfort or credit to the disparagers of
Episcopacy. @1715 Hicxes Let. to Nelson in Life Bp.
Bald 518 (V.) Despisers and disparagers of the ancient
fathers, 1@aa Lams Alia Ser. 1 Mad. Gallantry, The
idolator of his female mistress—the disparager spiser
of his no less female aunt. 1848 Mine Pod. Econ. uw. vit. $2
(1876) 173 The disparagers of peasant properties.
pereg as, vod. so, [f. as prec. + -ING 1.)
The action of the vb. DisPakaGs ; disparagement.
1 tr, Littdeton’s Tenures 22 b, A convenient i
wyt disperagyng. 1654 Wuitiock Zoetemia 4465 Dis-
paragings ns Moralls, Naturalls, Fortunes, Pedigree.
Diapa veging, 2 a. [fas prec. + -1n@*.)
‘That disparages ; that speaks of or treats slight-
ingly, that brings reproach or cliscredit.
1645 Micron Tefracd. (1851) 199 What can be more oppo-
site and dis; ing to the cov'nant of love? a 1665 J.
Goonowin Filled w. the Spirit (1867) 395 If we take the
word ‘1 ‘in any dis ing sense. a Foore Maid
of B. ur. Wks. 1799 LI. 235 ) to yourself (I don’t speak in
a disparaging way), your friends are low folks, and fl
fortune just nothing at all. 1861 W. Batt Dict. Law Scot.
sv. Desparagement, lf the superior required the heir to
make an unsuitable or disparaging marriage, he or she
1888 F. aaa Maa.
a
oe ek nay
_S
»v Obs. rare. [f& Dis- 6+
Pakacon v.] érans. To disparage.
r6r0 G. Frercnen Chrést’s Tre. Death xxv, Lickt
Ie blandish hen to dieeameann
any one who is a
baad
his praise.
t srail, a. Ods. rare. [a. OF. desparail,
-ei! different (14th c. in Godef.) f. des-, Dus- 4+
if equal.) Different, diverse.
ent (Caxton 1483, repr. 1359) 60 Two ymages
i (di'sparet), @. and sd.
F wn, propre divided, pa. pple.
dre, f. Dis- 1 + pardre to make
ndas i. Prol., |
| Muse, Wes. (1871)
*.
ge8 228
i
:
iesthae
eae
ith
e i
A enah
a
fi
j g
z
fn:
See quot.)
H. Arwarer Elem. Logic ii. $41. 69 Any one
of given Co-ordinate Species, is called, in to any
one part of a higher or lower C inate Di under
the S nus, Disp ‘Thus. .lion, as
to fish, Shetland pony, or bulliog, is Di
c. (See quot.)
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex, Disparate points, two points upon
Phage retin which, when a ray of li =o
upon them,
do not produce similar impressions. oy Fechner ta
to corresponding points.
2 a on a disparity.
1764 T. Prwiirs Life Pole (1767) 1. 6 Which at
disparate years unit
Farrar St. Pax
concepts; things so
com with each other.
1586 Bucur Melanch, xii. 59 Contrarts Reais such
"a rn
m
a ee
| another, but not contrarie, as heat and cold are
but heat and moisture disparates. reg. Tene Tavucn Kea?
Pres. 109 It is the style of both the ek
in signs and representments, where one of
; as it does here: the body of
154
separation : anh
being disparate ; the opposition of dis
xiae Z. Coun Legich (xés7) 96 Disparation isan opponhion
Sa e oop ay pe
second argument the comparison of the
next: sce
miraculous anni-
WERe Gavccie font.
+Disparent, «.' (és. rare. [f. L. type
%
I
if
|
|
‘
"a. To oust from one’s parish.
2 Obs, rare, (24. L. dispar
P rsd unlike, di with Dist. of differ-
ent; or cha Sieg awed « diversel y de
Unlike, diverse ; of ae a
Iliad 1. Comm. tre ie This. deforned
ie
Ld nature, being
often or always exp
, -ment, oe f.] Dirisine, -MENT.
+ ‘lity. Obs. rare~°. [ad L. dispart-
litas, f. aeaerinss =dispar unlike.] = Dispauiry.
1656 Biounr GC 15 Disparility (disparilitas) in-
* unlikeness,
difference.
‘Tish, v.1 Obs. Also 5 -ys, dysperysh.
per “igh seiagped stem of disparaitre to
om an OF. by-form *disfavir,
To
F.
dispariss
€ 1425 Found. St. Bartholomew's 6 \n these wordes the
wiea® Ibid. 41 Thus she seyed, And
. -sodanly Misyn Fire of Love 100 All
eevee. vanes & all end desyres aperis not, bot pa ar
att ep yd. 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 4504
away disparysid. a 1632 T.'Taviox God's Fudgem.
1, xv, Summary (1642) 439 These men or rather Angels
then shed and were never more seen.
h (disparrif), 7.2 [Dis-7.] trans.
. To cause to be no
tf ines to appear.) znér.
mrp Bancrorr dated HA. Discs, es 5 That all the
1667 Warer-
dis-parished and scat-
“4 Realm 8 Junes ae
not
fad. L. ee
(see DisPaRaTION ), after com-parison.}
L =Dispariry.
Br. W. Bartow Answ. Nameless Cath. 304 There
should bee a great disparison betweene them.
eciatory comparison.
1609 Br. W. Bartow Answ. Nameless Cath. 94 Vttered
sg enuious comparison, or malitious disparison of
ee Couns cs Def. Bp. Ely. i.g6 Which is evident
by the ay nny rather, of earthly Kings
ied 1647 1 —— Taare , Matt. xix.19 They stand
oe s—I am as good as thou; nay, upon
mapas, ¢ I am not as this publican’.
+ “tion. Obs. Also 7 erron. -ation.
a. F.
tsparnt) Dy Disa ce;
1594 Br. J. Kinc On Fonas (1618) 376 A disparition of it
for a tony as if it were not. Howranp Plutarch’s
ructions and disparitions. 1654 Z.
Con Logic (1657) 202 That disparition and —
away, which Ubiquitaries feign of his Body. 3 f Pik
iSong UX rey Bs To pr neared the debilitation of
piapact Sapa r riti). [ad F. PRG
¢e. in Littré) = It. Le coy Sp. dtsparidad, after
L Snes, Dis- 4+ paritds Paniry.]
quality or state of being of unequal rank,
condition, circumstances, ete.; inequality or dis-
oy in res of age, amount, number, or
quality; want ity or equalit
1597 Hooxer Bed Pol v3 “ivi $3 Decca: Elihu and
the rest of Job’s the greatest y was but
in years. G TON Serm. 23, 1am bound to obe
but with d 1651 G. W. tr. Cowel's
Inst. 21 A wife .. fit for him without di ieeaciag ox Dee
ee a ey fae Cortex Ess. Mor. or. Sul. ut. (1703) 59
yi timate
} Fiorane bstacle to an in!
friendship than Poeauality fortune. 1773 GoLpsm. Stoops
to Cong. of education and fortune. 1828
ear F. “oe Perth eae, Willing and desirous of fighting
ip ieteidien eat me Ataraeaice
‘ROUDE . Eng. (1858) 1. i. 20 No t force
made shrink from enemies. .
b. with
. An instance of this.
such vast Chasm or
determine.
Browne. Chr. Mor. 1. § 27 There may be no
ILA Pace De Qnducry 1h ae
AGE De Quincey 11. xix.
ludicrous and the salient dis-
unlike or different ; un-
incongruity. ‘Also
* 3 eg form of this.
c Divorce Vill
‘ 1555 earn D pring gevad (x78) 75 There is
ORTH
Pi (1676) Who coald more tloquentis’. note the
{of men than Plutarch]? 1646
Siz T. Browne Psend. Ef. vi. i.276 In which computes there
are tr. Scheffer's ane! xV.77
‘You may see what a y i i
penn Aa I 21 i mahrdapee ole tiben a
manu
and that of the South Americans. edly betwers
= ae eg Py
seo dear (Bre pre
bof ch chen
(edie 7 b+ Park sé.
Fistre), mod.F. dépar-
ra trans. To
park ; to throw open
ie i dt 'cinhesh Gt) Go ites te Hence
477
forest, happen to be fallen downe, disparked, disforested or
destroied. 1593 Suaxs. Rich. //, ML ie 23 You haue fed vpon
We Seignories, Dis-park’d my Parkes, and fell’'d my Forrest
‘cods. 1664 J. Tavior Confirmation § 4 This device .
the incldsures, and lays all m common. 1778 Lng
rc soroee (ed. 2) s.v. Yardley, ‘Vhe manor-house stands ti
an ancient park, now disparked. 1826 Scorr Woodst. vi, The
disparking and destroying of the royal residences of Eng-
land. 1851 Kixcstey Yeast ix, Many a shindy have I had
here before the chase was disparked.
b. transf. and fig. (In quot. 1633 = DIsiMPAakk,
as deer).
a, rs Hexpert Temple, Forerunners i, Must they have
m in? must they dispark Those sparkling notions,
which therein were bred? 1638 Six I. Hexsexr Trav. 92
He thereupon disparks his Seralio, and flyes thence .. with
Assaph-chawns daughter only in his company. 1651- 3 Je R.
Taytor Serm. for Year. xvi. 204 ‘Vhe little undecencies and
riflings of our souls, the first openings and disparkings of
our vertue. /did, (1672) 220.
+ Dispa‘rkle, -pa‘rcle, v.! Obs. Also 5 des-,
dyspercle, 5-6-parcle, -perkle. [app. a corrupted
form of the earlier DispaupLe, by association with
spark, sparkle (in ME. sperclen, sperkle, sparklen).
(No trace of the corruption appears in French.) ]
L. “rans. Toscatter abroad, drive apart, disperse ;
= DISPARPLE I.
c1449 Pecock Kepr. i. vii. 312 Alle..weren disperclid
abrode. c14§0 tr. De /mitatione 1. iii, A pure, simple & a
stable spirit is not disparcled [v.7. disparpled) in many
werkes, 1491 Chast. Goddes Chyld. xxv. 6g Kiches maye
lityll and lityll multeplie but sodenli they ben dysperklid.
Recorve Urin. Physick ix. (1651) 73 Vhere appear ..
disparkled abroad in the urine..divers kinds of motes. 1601
Hotranp Pliny II. 45 It disparcleth the mist and dimnesse
that troubleth the eie-sight. 1611 Sreep //ist. Ct. Grit. 1x.
xix. (1632) 943 His Fleet was disparkled. a 1634 K. CLexne
Serm. (1637) 471 (L.) ‘Vheir spawn [is] disparkled over all
nds. .
b. intr. for refl.) ‘Lo disperse, scatter them-
selves abroad ; = DISPARPLE 2.
1553 Brenner Q. Curtius E iv,
disparcled, flynge by such wayes as were open for them.
1983 Stusses Anat. Abus. 1. (1879) 78 Not suffering his
radiations to disparcle abrode.
2. trans. ‘Yo divide, portion out.
1538 Lecanp /tiz. 1. 93 A Gentilman .. whos Landes be
now disparkelid by Heires General to divers Men. 1661
Ducpace Monasticon 11. 136 In processe the landes of the
Oilleys wer disparkelyd.
Hence Disparkled ff/. a., Disparkling /7/. a.
1529 More Dyaloge 1. Wks. 162/2 Not a company and
congregation but a dispercled noumber of only good men.
x611 SreeD Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. viii. § 30 Hee resolued to re-
collect his disparkeled troupes.
+ Disparkle, v.* Os. rare. [f. dé-=Dis-1
+ Posed oes vw.) intr. To sparkle forth.
1648 Hexnick Nupliall Song iv, Let thy torch Display the
bridegroom in the porch, In his desires More tow ering, more
disparkling then thy fires.
+ Disparple, v. 04s. Forms: 4 desparple,
-perple, 4-7 disparple (4-; disparpoil(1, -par-
ble, 5 dys-, disperpil, -parbel, -perble, -perbyl,
5-6 disperple, 6 -pearple, 7 -purple). Sce also
DIsPABKLE, DeperreyL. f[a. OF. desparpelier,
-peillier, -pillier, closely akin to It. sparpagliare, Sp.
desparpajar, f. Rom. des- (Dis-) + *parpaliare,
f. *parpilio, *parpalio (It. parpaglione, Pr. parpalho
Then al hys men for fear"
butterfly; cf Cat. papal), app. a changed form of |
L. papilio, -onem. The same verbal root in its
variant forms appears in OF. es-parpillier, mod.F.
eparpiller, Cat. es-parpillar, Pr. es-parpalhar: cf.
mod.Pr. esfarfathd, {. farfalla butterfly. In OF.
the -z//- belonged orig. to the atonic, the -ez//- to
the tonic forms, but these were subseq. confused.]
1. trans. To scatter abroad, disperse, drive in
different directions ; also, to sprinkle.
ae Prose Psalter xiiiifi]. 3 pyn bonde desparplist pe
folk, and — bem. 1382 Wycur Mark xiv. 27,
A scthal smyte the schepherde, and the scheep of the floc
schulen be disparplid. 1460 Carcxave Chron. 1 Thoo [ex-
——- that were disparplied in many sundry bokis, my
was to bring hem into o bod 7z Siz J. Pastox
Saaen Lett. No. 692. IIL. Sg fe meny ar dyspar-
s weye. Caxton Gold. Leg. 56b/1
jets a Sie ren were nes for to pe chaf.
1613 Herwoop Silver Age ui. Wks. 1874 II]. 144 Their
er ea ggg. ee by Alcides’ club. 1615
ySS. Xs 473 water was Disperpled
lightly on - head and neck.
De To divide. ¢. To throw into confusion.
Se ik on how be di on it
He schal a tes of synf Ex ge ky
e
Catiline xix. 95 Di ord sine isparpeleth and tarneth up
sette downe
2 intr. (for ref.) To move or fl
der, scatter setae dyer, —
c Mavunpev. ) Prol. 4 A Flock of Scheep withouten
c
i! Fasyan C) tne
vbl. sb.
op aad hd oad ier
173
apouanr ome? Wha tibog 2p Thee
_* - and sublimated fancies. 1678
Puiurs, isparpled or or
ecnaghhs wail ix divers packs 7 boron onetime
DISPART.
Disparse, obs. ‘form of DISPERSE,
Dispart (dispavst), sb. [Derivation uncertain.
‘Lhere appears to be no related name in any other language.
An obvious suggestion is that the appellation was derived
from Diseart v.’, ‘from the mode of ascertaining the dis-
part, by disparting (dividing i in two) the difference between
the two diameters’. But it is to be olserved that the term
with its own verb (Disrart v.”) appears earlier than any
known occurrence of Disvarr v.!, and that the particular
sense ‘divide into parts’ is not known to us before 1629.)
1, The difference between the semi-diameter of a
gun at the base ring and at the swell of the muzzle,
which must be allowed for in taking aim.
1588 Lucan Appendix to Tartaglia's Collog. 4 Every
Gunner before he shootes must trulie dis parte his pee ©, or
give allowance for the disparte. 1644 Nye Gunnery is
(1647) 42 How to make the true Dispart of any Piece of
Ordnance .. subtract the greater Diameter out of the
lesser, and take the just "half of the diffe rence, and
that is the true Dispart, in inches and parts of an inch.
Ibid, (1670) 45 So much higher as the mark is which you
made at the Base-Ring) then the Mussel-Ring, so much is
the true Dispart. 1659 Toxniano, Vivare fuora db 0,
to shoot at random, or without and beyond the dispart as our
Gunners term it), 1859 F. A. Gairrisus Artil. Man. (1862)
so Lhe Angle of disfart is the numLer of degrees the axis
of the bore would point aLove the object aimed at, when laid
by the surface of the gun. 1267 Savin Satlor’s Word-ck.,
Lispart, or phos yo the Shot..An allowance for the dis-
part is ssary in det ning the commencement of the
graduz 1s on ibe tangent scale, by which the required
elevation is given to the gun.
2. concr. A sight-mz ark placed on the muzzle of
a gun, to make the line of s ight parallel to the axis
of the bore.
1578 W. bo
give your by
that is
veneé Snvent. or Deuises xxi. 24 You must
‘ ide of the peece,
h of the peece,
€ all three e. pets one righ
bt
Lirare dé
Lin one Line.
, Dispart .
fais gth ‘that the te
upper part of the J Z
S.V., y diameters of the
place where the Lispart is to stand
ence..into two equal parts, one of w
of the Diebart, which is set on the x
or fastened there with a
Markvat Afidsh. easy xs
have our own disparts and
and our parabolas, and pr:
SELL in 7imes 10 July 5/4)
or elevating screws to the guns; the officer was
lay it by the eye with a plain chock of wood. j
3. attrib. Dispart patch, a notched piece of
ane on the muzzle in place of the dispart in sense
; dispart-sight (see quots..
a Smytu Sazlor’s Word-bk., Dispart-sight, a gun- “sight
fixed on the top of the secc ond reinforce-ring about the
middle of the piece —for point-blank or horizontal firing, to
eliminate the difference of the — oo the breech
and the mouth of the cannon. 1884 F.C. Morcan Artill.
Mat. 21 The muzzle sight is recessed it = ‘the dispart patch
on the muzzle, and is “used in conjunction with the hind
sight for angles of elevation over 5", when the centre fore
sight becomes fouled by the muzzle. /6zd. 23 A fore or dis-
part sight screwed on in rear bars trunnions.
Dispart (dispa-it’, v.! [In Spenser, app. ad. It.
Pte to divide, separate, part, repr. L. dispart-
ire, -pertire to distrit vute, divide, f. Dis- 1 + part-
ire to part, share, divide. By others perh. referred
directly to the L. vb., or viewed as an Eng. forma-
tion from Dis-1 and Parr v. It appears to have
taken the place of the corresponding senses of Dz-
PART (1-5).]
1. trans. ‘To part asunder, to cleave.
1590 Srenser F. Q.1. That. .man of God, That blood-
red billowes, like a “walled: front, On either side Ds or
with his rod. 1611 Speen //ist. Gt. Brit. 1x. viii. (1632) 556A
sudden gust dis-parting the Fleet. 1641 Mitton Ch. Govt.
vi. (1851) 128 As often as ag great schisme disparts the
Church. . 482 gpa the —_
and their limbs Piecemeal dee "iba
Crowned and Buried xiv, Disparting the lithe boughs.
2. To separate, sever; to dissolve (a —
1633 P. Fietcuer Purple Isl. w. xi, Which like a
Disparts the terms of anger, and of loving. 1708 J. nae
Cyder i 54 A strainer to dapart The husky terrene Dregs
from purer Must. 1814 Sovruey Roderick xvii. 260 Till
death di the union. Trencu Poems 150 To dis-
rs jest ties. 1868 Browninc King & Bk. x. 1242
find the truth, dispart the shine from shade.
3. To divide into parts or shares ; to distribute.
1629 Maxweit tr. fy sone aw. (3635) a te The as
bg Howrene Clavie Bibl.» The
Old Testament .. is the Holy Ghost himself
into two Prior Solomon 1.288 And equal
mtr, 5
ta, ¥. Fumvaen Paople folone i thotedien toate
DISPART.
dispart with fearful noise. 1727-46 THomMson Summer
The flood disparts: behold!.. Behemoth rears his head.
xw81r Suettey St. /rvyne x, Suddenly... the mist in one
jace seemed to dispart, and through it, to roll clouds of
leepest crimson, 1 Kinctake Crimea 11. 150 Between
the fleets thus disparting, the. . flotilla of tran S$ passed.
b. To part and proceed in different directions.
1804 J. Graname Saddath 149 The upland moors, where
rivers, there but brooks, Dispart to different seas.
+5. Dispart with: to part with. rare. ( pseudo-
archaism.
1820 Scorr A ddot iv, He will enjoy five merks by the year,
and the professor's cast-off suit, which he disparts with
biennially.
Hence Dispa‘rting v//. sh. and ffi. a.
1611 Forio, Dispartimento, a disparting. 1649 Roperts
Clavis Bibl. 93 The disparting or cutting off of Jordans
Stream before the Ark. 1728-46 Tomson Sfring 309 The
deep-cleft disparting orb, that arch'd The central waters
round. 1865 Geikie Scen. §& Geol. Scot. ii. 37 Water .. ex-
ands, and .. exerts a vast disparting force on the rocks
in which it is confined. 1890 W. C. Russewt Aly Shipmate
Louise 1, xii. 261 The rush and disparting of the maddened
clouds.
Bispa‘rt, v.2 Also 7 dispert and erron. dis-
port. [f. Disparr 5d.]
1. ‘vans. To measure or estimate the dispart in
(a piece of ordnance) ; to make allowance for this
in taking aim.
1587 W. Bourne Art Shooting iv. 17 The —- of
your peece is but to bryng the mouth of your peece before,
to be as high as is the tayle behind. 1588 [see Disrart sé. 1).
1627 Cart. Smitrn Seaman's Gram. xiv. 65 To dispert a
Peece is to finde a difference betwixt the thicknesse of the |
metall at her mouth and britch or carnouse.
Gunuery (1670) 40 And one chief thing, in the last place,
to know very well how to dispart his Peece, be it either
true bored, or not true bored.
2. To set a mark on the muzzle-ring, so as to
obtain a sight-line parallel to the axis.
1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. v.79 To Shoot at a Sight
seen in the Night, Dispert your Piece with a lighted and
flaming Wax-Candle, or with a lighted piece of Match.
1731 J. Gray Gunnery 68 You need only dispart your piece |
by fixing notched sticks .. on its muzzle. 1753 CHamBers
Cycl. Supp. s.v., Dispart, in gunnery, is used for the setting
a mark on the muzzle-ring of a piece of ordnance, so that
a sighteline taken upon the top of the base-ring..by the
mark..may be parallel to the axis of the concave cylinder.
1853 SrocqueLer Miulit. Encvel,
Ilence Dispa‘rting v6/. sb.
1587 [see above, sense 1]. 1611 FLorio, 7ivare gioia per
gioia, to shoote leuell..without helpe of disparting. 1692
Capt. Smith's Seaman's Gram. i. x. 105 These ways. .pre-
scribed for Disparting of a Piece.
+ Disparta‘tion. 0s. rare. [app.n. of action
from Dispart v.!; but the etymological form
would be dispartition.] A division, a partition.
1624 Massincer Renegado 1. vi, Why, look you, sir, there
are so many lobbies, out-offices, and dispartations here.
Dispa‘rted, ///. a. [f. Disvart v.1 + -Ep 1.)
Parted or cloven asunder, divided, separated.
1633 I’. Apams Ex. 2 Peter ii. 18 Such a fire as he sent
down in disparted tongues... at pentecost. 1667 Mitton
P. L. x. 416 On either side Disparted Chaos over built ex-
claimd. 1700 Prior Carmen Seculare 86 Disparted Britain
mourn'd their doubtful Sway. 1800-24 Campsett Poems,
Portrait Female Child 29 Thy brow, with its disparted
locks. 1894 Fadlen Angels xxvil. 151 Two animals .. as far
disparted, say, as a horse and a goose.
Dispa‘rtment. vare. [f. Dispartv.! + -MENT;
1644 Nye |
cf. It. dispartimento, obs. F. despartement: see |
Department I.) A parting asunder; concr. a |
parting, cleft, or opening caused by separation.
1671 Grew Anat, Plants 1. iv. § 3. (1682) 29 Since the
Lignous Body is .. frequently disparted ; ibisagh these Dis-
artments, the said interiour Portions. Chega desig 1869
BLACKMORE Lorna J), (1889) 408 Many troubles, changes,
and dispartments.
Dispa‘ssion, sd. [f. Dis- 9 + Passion sé.]
Freedom from passion ; dispassionateness; ‘tapathy.
1692 J. Epwarns Farther Eng. Rem. Texts O. & N. 7.
249 Those hard and flinty philosophers, who talk'd of an
utter dispassion. a 1698 ‘Tempe Gardening (R.), What is
called by the Stoics apathy or dispassion ; i the Sceptics
indisturbance ; by the Molinists quietism .. seems ‘all to
mean but great tranquillity of mind. _ 1785 Six C. Witkins
in Jas. Mill Brit. /udéa (1818) I. 11. vi. 933 Whe constantly
placeth his confidence in dispassion. - Liss L. ‘I. Smrru
in Academy 13 Aug. 123/1 ‘The peculiarity of his stand-
calm disp to his
point gives a
+ Dispa‘ssion, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 7a + Passion
sb. Cf. mod.F. dépassioner (in 16th c. F. fto put
into a passion’).] ¢rans. To free from passion.
Chiefly in Af/. a. Dispa‘ssioned.
? 1608 Donne Serm., cvii. IV. 463 Sober and discreet and
dispassioned and disi ted men. a 1612 — Bradararos
(1648) 193 It became Moses to be reposed and dispassioned
;+in his Conversation with God. 1668 CLarenvon Life 1.
(1843) 926/2 In_all those controversies, he had_ so dis-
passioned a consideration .. and so profound a charity in his
conscience, that [etc.}. 1 Cawtnorne Lgnality Hum.
Cond. 131 Ease and joy, dispassion'd reason owns, As often
visits cottages as thrones,
mate (dispe'fanct), a. [f. D1s- 10
+PassionatE a. Cf. It. disappassionato, Sp. des-
apasionado,] Free from the influence of ssion or
strong emotion; calm, com , cool; impartial.
Said of persons, their faculties, and actions.
1594 Parsons Confer. Success 1. ix. 218 So themselues do
confesse, I meane wise and di jonate among t
478
1646 J. Hae Sonne Kitts a Mens dudgmaente ng loa
time to grow dispassionate isintangled. SOWPER
Ep A critic on the sacred Cal aon be
learned, dispassionate and free. 1874 Green
DISPATCH.
the General Post. 1875 F. Haut in Lifpincott's Mag.
RV en The pal quin, as being p i ye pos
handl Ai. 4, d first, its % Soodlact
Short Mist. vi. § 4. A dispassionate fairness
older faiths. 1877 ER Conver Bas. Faith iii. 102 ‘They
was disp ts
B. 3832 ——_ Exped. to Niger lL vii. 259 They had been
1874 Green Short Hist. vi. fs. 319 Commissioners were
d jor t
account it the prime duty of a disp q)
“| Used as =‘ passionate’ (16th c. F. depasstoné :
see DISPASSION 7.).
1635 Bratuwait Arcad. Pr, 114 Fixing his ferret eyes in
a furious and dispassionate manner.
+ Dispa‘ssionate, v. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 6.]
trans. To free from passion, Hence + Dispa‘s-
sionated f//. a.
1647 Mayne Ausw. Cheynel 27 (T.) As all dispassionated
men may judge. 1658 Wisse Loe Donne (ed. 2) 2 ‘These
. -had so dispassi d [1640 dispassioned] Sir George, that
- he also could not but see..merit in his new son.
Dispa‘ssionately, adv. [f. DispassionatE
a.+-LY2,) Ina dispassionate or calm manner.
1717 Kittinseck Serm. 191 (T.) As if she had only dis-
passionately reasoned the case with him. 1753 Hanway
patched into e count purpose of assessment.
1886 Postal Guide 250 When the mails are despatched at
eet nt Varcun Silex Scint.1. (18 I turn'd
ig: . VauGuan Silex Scint. 1. (1 23, I turn’d me
round, and to each shade Dispatch'd an Bye. 798 Cowrer
Conv. 437 The mind, dispatched upon her busy toil, Should
re Providence has blest the soil.
. To get away quickly: =sense 8. rare.
« Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 180 Though he
Roce pm to dispatch himselfe thence, yet waited he
with all patience.
+2. To send away (from one’s presence or em-
ployment) ; to dismiss, discharge. Oés.
@ 1533 Lv. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Lyj, As
an ydell vacabunde man they dyspatched sent hym
awaie. 1632 Litucow 7rav. 1x. pee; I dispatched my
ireling, with a greater
Dragoman, and the other Barbarian
Trav. (1762) II. 1. xi. 59 To speak disp ly of the
conduct of the Dutch. 1806 A. Knox Kent. 1, 29 These
passages ought to be dispassionately investigated. a 1853
Ropertson Lect. (1858) 270, I ask the meeting to listen to
me dispassionately,
“| Used as=‘ passionately’: cf. DISPASSIONATE %|.
1658 Suincssy, Diary (1836) 201, I found no billows dis-
passionately acting to endanger the passage of my late sur-
charged vessel .. All appeared to me as in a calm sea.
Dispa‘ssionateness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.]
A dispassionate condition or quality.
1842 J. H. Newman Par. Serm. (ed. 2) V. v. 74 St. Paul
makes it a part of a Christian character to have a reputation
for .. dispassionateness. 1886 Atheneum 24 Apr. 551/1
: dispassionateness and a sense of humour quite rare in
ier Sex.
| + Dispassioned: see DIspassIon v.
Dispatch, despatch (dispx't{),v. Also 6
dispach(e, dyspach(e, -patch; 8-9 despatch.
[Found early in 16the.: ad. It. déspacciare ‘to
dispatch, to hasten, to speed, to rid away any
worke’ (Florio), or Sp. despachar to expedite,
‘to dispatch, to rid out of the way’ (Minshen).
The radical is the same as in It. zmfacciare to
entangle, hinder, stop, prevent, Sp., Pg. empachar
to impede, embarrass. Not related to F. dépécher,
which gave the Engl. defesshe, DEPEACH, common
in 15-16thc., rare after 1600, and app. superseded
by dispatch before 1650. ‘The wiilorn English
spelling from the first introduction of the word to
the early part of the 19th c. was with d@s-; but in
Johnson’s Dictionary the word was somehowentered
under des- (although Johnson himself always wrote
dispatch, which is also the spelling of all the
authors cited by him); though this has, since
¢ 1820, introduced diversity into current usage,
dispatch is to be preferred, as at once historical,
and in accordance with English analogy ; for even
if this word had begun in ME. with a form in des-
from OF, (which it did not), it would regularly
have been spelt dis- by 1500; see Drs-, Dis-,
prefixes,
The notions of impede, expedite, are expressed by different
roots in the northern and southern Romanic langs. The
radical of F. empécher, dépécher (Eng. Imveacn, Dereacn),
OF. empeechier, despeechier, is taken to be a L. *-pedicdre
(extended form of im-, ex-fedire, or deriv. of pedica ‘fetter,
| gin "); cf. précher, Preacn, OF, preechier:—L. pradicdre.
his also occurs in Pr, emfedegar. But Sp. empachar,
despachar, Pr. empaitar, point to a L, type -pactare (f.
factus, ‘fastened, fixed, fast’, pa. pple. of ve). The
radical of It. in-, dis-facciare, Pr. empachar (with which
perh. are to be taken dial. OF. empachier, ampauchier,
dapauchier: see Godef.), have been referred to a cognate
L, type -pactidre (cf., for the phonology, It. ¢racciare, doc-
ciare, succiare :—*tractidre, *ductidre, *stictiare). Thus,
these words are quite distinct from F. empécher, dépécher, in
16th c. alsodespecher, which gave Eng. tmpeach,and depeach,
also despeche, in Caxton depesshe, Sc. depesche. Dispatch,
therefore, could not be of French origin, ‘The date of our
first quot., 1517, is early for a word from Italian, and still
more so for a word from Spanish ; but the active intercourse
with the Papal Court and with Spain at that date may
have facilitated the introduction of a/spatch as a diplomatic
word. ‘Tunstall, our first authority for dispach(e, was Com-
missioner to Spain in 1516 and 1517.)
I. trans. * To dismiss or dispose of promptly.
1. To send off post-haste or with expedition or
promptitude (a messenger, message, etc., havin
an express destination), The word regularly u
for the sending of official messengers, and mes-
sages, of couriers, troops, mails, telegrams, parcels,
express trains, packet-boats, etc.
1517 Br. ‘Tunstauy Let, to Hen. VIII in Ellis Orig, Lett.
Ser. 1. I. 134 We. .dispached that poste. .reservyng thys to
he written by my selff at laysor. 1585 T. WasuincTon tr.
Nicholay's Voy. . viii. 82 If..the great Lord hath to send
and dispatch in hast any matter into any places. 1600 E.,
c ion then my..conditions allowed me. 7
Collier of Croydon 1. in Ant. Brit. Drama M1. 312 To
give her warning to dispatch her knaves.
3. To dismiss (a person) after attending to him
or his business; to settle the business of and send
away; to get rid of. Now rare.
1530 Patscr. 520/1, I have dispatched these four felowes
quickly, jay despeché ces quatire galans vistement. 155%
in Furnivall Ballads from MSS.1. 421 Remembre poore
shewters who dothe susteyne wronge ; speake and dispatche
them, they tarrye to longe. a1625 Boys Wks. (1630) 382
And I can say this of ether suitors, if ten be dopanieed
ninety be despited. 1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals 1. u1. 198
Dispatching all that came to him with great satisfaction.
1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 171 Nor would I suffer another
to enter my Ship, till the former was dispatch’d.
B. 1874 MorLey Compromise (1886) 132 Finally we may
be despatched with a eulogy of caution and a censure of
too great heat after certainty.
4. To get rid of or dispose of (any one) by put-
ting to death; to make away with, kill.
1530 Proper Dyaloge (Arb.) 146 Duke Humfray By them
of his lyfe was abreuiate. Sythe that tyme I could recken
mo Whom they caused to be dispatched so. 1568 GrarTon
Chron. Il. 1329 He drowned himselfe .. the river beyng so
shallow that he was faine to lye grovelyng before he could
dispatch himselfe. 1580 Nortu Plutarch 112 (R.} He
drank ..poyson, which dispatcheth a man in 24 hours. 1607
Suaks. Cor. 11. i. 286 We are peremptory to p meray This
Viporous Traitor. 1611 Bite £zek. xxiii. 47 The companie
shall. .dispatch [1885 2. V. despatch] them with their swords.
1678 (ed. 2) Bunyan Pilgr. 1. (2847) 140 Show them the
Bones and Skulls of those that thou hast already dispatch'd.
1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 68 If he had made ony Reason,
I should certainly have dispatch'd him. 19 SHELLEY
C. —— 446 You think by some measure to dispatch him.
1839 “HACK ERAY Virgin. xxi. 162 Heroes are not dispatched
with such hurry and violence unless there is a cogent reason
for Te es? Jane — Las. vehi ais
B. 1848 Mrs. Jameson Sacr. & q 1850) 419
then after many torments des} ched with a dagger.
Froupe Casar xviii. 304 Clodius was dragged out bleeding,
and was despatched. :
b. (with complement.) Zo A out of life,
out of the way, the world, etc. ? Obs.
1580 Barret Adv. D. 884 To dispatch one out of life, de
medio aliguem tollere. Porrer Antig. Greece 1. iv.
(1715) 17 [He] was quickly dispatch'd out of the way, and no
enquiry made after the Murderers. a1745 Swirr //ést.
Stephen in Lett. (1768) IV. 313 To remove the chief im-
pediment by dispatching his rival out of the world. 1796
lorse A mer. Geog. 1. 100 ‘To desire that they would be more
expeditious in dispatching her out of her misery.
+0. To dispatch the life of. Obs.
1586 Martowe 1st Pt. Tamburl. vy, ii, The Turk and his
t Emp . Have desp ly despatch’d their slavish
ives. 1605 ergs Lear Ww. Vv. a roe {Clonee i
one In_pitt is misery, to dispatc! ster's
ni hted Vie, é J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 61
Which if it had hit, where he levelled, dispatched had beene
the life of Tolmido.
5. To dispose or rid oneself dy. eas of (a piece
of business, etc.) ; ae done, get through, accom-
plish, settle, finish off, conclude, execute promptly
or speedily.
1533 Lv. Berners Huon ci. 330 Dyspatch the mater and
reuenge me. 1547 Boorve /nirod. Knowl. 145 He had
many matters of state to dyspache. 1551 Robinson tr.
ig diuided into so
mar-
's [rom
was
. 239 Tomy
office, where disp 751 Jounson am
ber No. 161 P 4, I..soon dispatched a bargain on
terms, 1776 F
our journey very peacably.
Hace ite Se (aa i Ss Capel
ist. ~ (x fe 21 uses
Salops tie ened were summarily ds at a
Baber weleene.. sive F- Bat, Two Trifles 27, 1 must
ispatch my errat A
pe 1817 oore Lalla R. (1824) a root. ae
Buount tr. Conestaggio 21 He .. disp d fower
throughout his Realme of Portugall, to levie twelve thou-
e. 1624 Davenrort City Night-Cap ut, i, Embas-
sadors were dispatch’d to B 1751 J Rambli
No. 153 P 3, I was in my eighteenth year dispatched to the
university. 1766 Go.ipsm. Vic. W. ix, Moses was .. dis-
ite to borrow a couple of chairs. 1840 Penny Cyc.
VIII. 459/2 The number of chargeable letters dispat
—_ oe
devour. ame. a ‘
fer, 0.7 PI, SagabSel may Diane
soon as I Hr. Martineau Brooke F, ix. 112
Toc coast best and pleet pauliioegs tad Geek
DISPATCH,
8. 1826 Scott Woodst. v, I saw two rascallions engaged
in .. despatching a huge venison pasty. 1837 DisraELt
Venetia 1, xv, The brother magistrates despatched their
rumpsteak.
+e. trans. To produce or ‘turn out’ promptly
or quickly. Ods.
e1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) tor There are also paper
mills weh dispatches paper at a quick rate. x71 STEELE
Tatler IV. Pref. » 2 The great Ease with which he is able
to dispatch the most entertaining Pieces of this Nature.
+ 6. To remove, dispel, do away with ; to dispose
of, get rid of. Obs.
bape Grarton Chron. II. 395 Dispatching some by death,
and other by banishment. 1578 Lyre Dodoeus mn. xlvi. 382
It dissolveth and dispatcheth congeled blood. 1600 Ho.-
Lanp Livy xxu. vi. 435 The heat of the sunne had broken
and dispatched the mist. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 221
To dispatch all fear of Resistance, I can assure you there
are but two more Servants in the House. :
tb. To ‘get rid of’ (goods) ; to dispose of (by
sale), Ods.
1s92 GreENE Disfut. 17 The Paynters coulde not. dis-
patche and make away theyr Vermiglion, if tallowe faced
whoores vsde it not for their cheekes. 1632 Lirucow 7vav.
vul, 355 Rings .. valued to a hundred Chickens of Malta,
eight shillings the peece, which I dispatched for lesser.
te. To put out of the way, stow away. rare.
1567 R. Epwarps Damon § P.in Hazl. Dodsley 1V. 39
Such a crafty spy I have caught .. Snap the tipstaff ..
Brought him to the court, and in the porter’s lodge dis-
patched him. :
** To rid (a person) of something.
+7. trans. To rid (a person, etc. of, from, some
encumbrance or hindrance); to deliver, free, re-
lieve.
1530 Patscr. 520/1 We shall dispatche us of hym well
ynoughe. 1534 tr. Pol, erg. Eng. Hist, (Camden) I. 161
The thinge which shoulde cleanlie dispatche him of all
languor and sorrow, 1548 Upa tt, etc. Evasmus Par. Pref.
18 Whan I had cleane dispatched myself of this great
charge and taske. 1549 CoverpaLe, etc. Hrasm. Par.11im.
vi. 17 Thinges. .so incertain that yf casualtie take them not
awaye, yet at lest death despatcheth vs from them. 1861
Daus tr. Bullinger on Apoc. (1573) 315 Dispatch vs from
euils, graunt us the good thinges promised. 1562 TuRNER
Baths 6b, Some are dispatched of their diseases here in
sixe dayes. 1580 Baret A’. D 884 To dispatch himself
out of a businesse .. To dispatch and ridde out of trouble.
1594 Prat Fewell-ho. 11. 57 You shall soone dispatch your
barnes .. of al these wastfull birds. @164z Br. Mountacu
Acts & Mon. (1642) 295 Antipater being dispatched of these
two competitors, had an easier course to run.
b. To deprive, bereave. Obs. (Cf. 4.)
1602 Suaxs. Ham. 1. v. 75 ‘Thus was I, sleeping, by a
Brothers hand, Of Life, of Crowne, and Queene at once
dispatcht. 1606 G. W[oopcocke] tr. /vstine's Hist. g4a,
Aristotimus was dispatched both of life and rule.
II. tntransitive.
+ 8. (forvefl. 1b.) To start promptly for a place,
get away quickly, make haste to go, hasten away.
1587 Turserv. 7 vag. 7. (1837) 101 Howe he mought ..
Dispatche and goe unto the place. 1597 Suaxs. 2 Hen. /V’,
Iv. iii, 82 And now dispatch we toward the Court. 1670
Eacuarp Cont. Clergy 52 Dispatch forthwith for Peru and
Jamaica. 1712 W. Rocers Voy. 400 That we might dis-
patch for the Cape of Good Hope, as fast as possible.
9. To make haste (40 do something), hasten, be
quick. Ods. or arch.
1581 Petrie Guaszo's Civ. Conv. 1. (1586) 24b, Dispatch
I pray you to shew me. 1591 Florio and /ruites 5 Dis-
patch and giue mea shirt. 1692 R. L’Estrance Yosephus’
Antig. w. i. (2733) 78/1 Why do we not dispatch then and
take possession? 1712 Arsutunor Yohu Bull ut. iii, Thou
hast so many ‘If’s’ and ‘And’s’! Prithee, dispatch. 17:
Foote Eng. in Paris 1. Wks. 1799 1.37 Hold your jaw Bas
dispatch. 1828 Scorr ¥. M/, Perth viii, Butler Gilbert,
dispatch, thou knave.. 1833 L. Rircnre Wand. by Loire
146 ‘ Come—despatch !’ said the imperial sponsor ; and the
ceremony was hurried through.
+10. (adsol. from 5). To conclude or settle a
business; to get through, have done (w7th). Ods.
1603 Suaks. Meas. for A/. ut. i. 279 At that place call ypon
me, and dispatch with Angelo, that it may be quickiy.
1666 Boye Orig. Formes §& Qual. (1667) 5x And thus (to
dispatch) by the bruising of Fruit, the Texture is commonly
so chang’d, that [etc.].
? Dispatch is used by Gabriel Harvey for the pa. pple.
1573, G. Harvey Le/ter-bk, (Camden) 22, I hope mi long
lingering matter is ere now quietly dispatch, 1577 Lbid.
58 Ar the[y] so soone dispatche in deede ?
Hence Dispatched f//. a. (whence + Dis=
pa‘tchedly adv.); Dispatching v4/. sd. and f//. a.
1552 Hutoer, Dispatched, expeditus, perfectus. a 1564
Becon Acts Christ § Antichr. Prayers, etc. (1844) 531
Unto the wy oes of their torments, if they be in purga-
tory. 1611 Fiorito, Spacciat. te, dist edly, out of
hand, with riddance or much s » 615 W. Hutt Mirr.
Maiestie 78 Not to a dispatching, easy, honourable kind of
death, but to the lingring, painefull, ignominious death of
the Crosse. 1633 Cos¢lie W/ Iv. ili. in Bullen O. PZ. 1V,
A cup of poyson Stuft with dispatching Simples. 16..
Cabbala, Marg. Ynoiosa to Lord Conway (R.), I have
differed the dispatching of a currier. 1893 Star 25 Feb.
4/3 ‘The port is at the dispatching point of the Cheshire
salt trade.
Dispatch, despatch (<ispz't{), sd. Also 7
dispache. [f. Disparcu v., or perh. immediately
ad. It. dispaccto (also spaccio) ‘a dispatch, a hast-
ning, a riddance; also a pleeke or packet of
letters’ (Florio) = Sp., Pg. despacho, Romanic
deriv. f. the vb. stem: see prec. Cf. relation of
DEpEACH sd, and v.] ;
479
I. The act of dispatching.
1. The sending off (of a messenger, letter, etc.) on
an errand or to a particular destination.
1600 E. Biounrt tr. Conestaggio 280 Blaming him to have
beene too slacke in the dispatch of the Armie, 1667 PErys
Diary 10 June, So to Woolwich to give order for the dis-
patch of a ship I have taken under my care to see dis-
patched. 1805 ‘I’. Linptey Voy. Brazil (1808) 74 He deferred
the dispatch of my note. 1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII. 457/1
‘The operations of the Post-office belonging to the dispatch
of letters. 1856 Froupe //ist. Eng. (1858) I. i. 70 The des-
atch of a French embassy to England. 1886 Postal Guide
0. 119 title-p., Dates of Dispatch of Mails, etc. /did. 210
Dates of Despatch of Colonial and Foreign Mails.
+2. Official dismissal or leave to go, given to
an ambassador after completion of his errand ;
congé. Obs.
le St. Trials, Duke Norfolk (Rw, After the dispatch of
Rodolph, in Lent last, as he had made show before, that he
intended to go over sea, and was all this while practising
about this treason, 1603 KNouirs //ist, Vurks (1638) 161
To heare Embassadors from forrein Princes, and to giue
them their dispatch, 1605 Suaks. Lear ut. i. 127 ‘The
seuerall Messengers From hence attend dispatch. 1698
Fryer Acc, £. India & P. 124, 1 easily condescended,
thinking to procure my Dispatch with more speed.
+8. Dismissal (of a suitor, etc.) after settlement
of business; attention to or settlement of the busi-
ness (of a person); see Dispatcu v. 3. Ods.
1550 Crow.ry Last Trumpet 936 lf thou be a mans
atturney.. Let him not waite and spende money, If his dis-
patch do lie in the.
4. Making away with by putting to death; kill-
ing; death by violence.
Happy dispatch, a humorous name for the Japanese form
of suicide called Hara-kirt.
1576 Freminc Panopl, Epist. 315 Except I had followed
you. .the sorrowes. . had quite overwhelmed me, and wrought,
my remedilesse dispatch. rg9x 770d, Raignue K. Fohn (1611)
59 Tormentor come away, Make my dispatch the Tyrants
feasting day. 1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto’s Trav. xv. 51 So
furious and bloody a fight, that in less than a quarter of an
hour we made a clean dispatch of them all. 1697 Br.
Parrick Comm, Exod, xii. 6 There were about two hours
and a half for the Dispatch of all the Lambs. 1859 77ies
26 Mar. 9/2 The Japanese are. .taught..the science, mys-
tery, or accomplishment of ‘ Happy Dispatch’.
5. The getting (of business, etc.) out of hand;
settlement, accomplishment ; (prompt or speedy)
execution. Quick dispatch: prompt or speedy set-
tlement of an affair; hence, in former use, prompt-
itude in settling an affair, speed, expedition (=
sense 6).
1581 Petrie Guazzo's Civ. Conv, u. (1586) 101 b, Neither
that he be lesse liberall of justice, or quick in dispatch to-
wards them [the poore], than towards the rich. 1601 Suaks.
All's Well iu. ii. 56 After some dispatch in hand at Court,
Thither we bend againe. 160r Cornwa.tyes /ss. 11. xlvi.
(1631) 270 ‘The miles which you must overcome before the
dispatch of your journey. 1602 How Man may chuse a
good Wife un. ii. in Old Eng. Drama (1824) 53 About it
with what quick dispatch thou can’st. 165r Baxter Jf.
Bapt, 214, 1 offered you—To Dispute publikely, only for
quick dispatch. 1781 Gispon Dec?. & F. 11.75 In the dis-
patch of business, his diligence was indefatigable. 1833
Hr. Martineau Mauch. Strike vii. 73 ‘Three members of
the Committee sit daily for the dispatch of common busi-
ness. 1863 H. Cox /mstit. 1. vi. 41 If it be intended that
Parliament should meet for dispatch of business. 1885 Act
48-49 Vict. c. 60. § 10 Notwithstanding any vacancy .. the
Council shall be competent to proceed to the dispatch of
business.
B. 1837 Cartye Fr, Rev. I. m. i, In him is. .only clerk-
like ‘despatch of business’ according to routine. 1860
Mottey Nether. (1868) I. iii. 75 ‘To his credit and dexterity
they attribute the despatch of most things.
+b. ‘Cénduct, management’ (J.). Ods. rare.
1605 Suaks. Mac. 1. v. 69 You shall put This Nights
great Businesse into my dispatch.
6. a. Prompt settlement or speedy.accomplish-
ment of an affair (=guick dispatch in 5). Also as
a personal quality: Promptitude in dealing with
affairs. b. Speed, expedition, haste, rapid progress.
a. 1z Bacon Ess., Dispatch (Arb.) 242 Measure not
dispatch by the tymes of sitting, but by the advauncement
of the busines. @ 1680 Butter Rem. (1759) II. 71 Dispatch
is no mean Virtue in a Statesman. 1712 Appison Sect.
No. 469 ® 4 The Dispatch of a good Office is very often as
. beneficial to the Solicitor as the good Office itself.
+ 1573 Tusser Husb. Ixxxv. (1878) 174 Due season is
best. . Dispatch hath no fellow, make short and away. 1582
N. Licuertevp tr. Castanheda’s Cong. E. Ind. xxxviii. 91 b,
The dispatch he made for the lading of our ships. 1636
Davenant /7tts y. i, This is a time of great dispatch and
haste. 1722 WotLaston Relig. Nat. ix. 206 The business
he has to do grows urgent upon him, and calls for dispatch.
1793 Smeaton Edystone L. § 132 We also made good dis-
patch with the cutting of the rock. 1865 CarLyLe Fredh.
Gt, VIII. xvi. xiv. 84 All turns on dispatch ; loiter a little,
and Friedrich himself will be here again !
8. 1832 Hr. Martineau Demerara i, 8 Covering them
[the roots] with so much despatch.
+7. The act of getting rid (of something), by sale,
ete. ; riddance, clearance, disposal ; the act of put-
ting away hastily. Ods. ‘
1605 Suaks. Leav 1. ii. 33 Glow. What Paper were you
reading? Bast. Nothing my Lord. Glou. No? what
needed then that terrible dispatch of it into your Pocket?
1653 H. Coaan tr. Pinto’s Trav. xiii. 41 In less than eight
days he cleared his Warehouse .. Now having made a full
dispatch of all [etc.].
I. Concrete and transferred senses. -
-8. A written message sent off promptly orspeedily ;
Saisie
DISPATCHFUL.
spec. an official communication relating to public
affairs, usually conveyed by a special messenger.
1582 N. Licnertetp tr. Castanheda's Cong. FE. Ind. xx. 52b,
Nicholas Coello hauing receiued this dispatch, did forthwith
depart, and that in hast. 1585‘. Wasuincton tr. Vicholay’'s
Voy. 1v. xxi. 136 Messengers which carry y* ordinary dis-
patches from Raguse to Constantinople. 1 F. Brooke
tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 309 Visier, keeper of the seale, who
before he can seale any dispatch, must acquaint the grand
Senior. 1782 Gent?. Mag. LIN. 147 Captain Henry Edwin
late of his Majesty’s ship Russel, arrived here with dis-
patches from Rear Admiral Sir Samuel Hood. 1803 Wet-
LESLEY Let. fo Wellington 23 Dec. in Vhornton Hist. /udia
(1842) III. xviii. 358 xofe, I received this morning your dis-
patch of the 30th of November. 1809 WELLINGTON in Gurw.
Desp. IV. 292 Excepting upon very important occasions |
write my dispatches without making a draft. 1844 H. H.
Witson Brit, India 1. 223 Sir John Malcolm. .announced his
arrival to the court, sending his dispatches by one of his
officers, 1847 Tennyson Py7ucess iv. 360 Delivering seal’d
dispatches a fie the Head took half-amazed.
B. 1641 Nicholas Papers (Camden) 59, I have alsoe made
an other despacth to the lords of the privie counsel by his
Majesties command, 1838 ‘'nir-watt Greece 1V. xxix. 87
‘They were called away by a despatch from the fleet at
Cardia. 1865 Livincstone Zambesi vi. 135 The loss of the
mail-bags, containing Government despatches and our
friends’ letters for the past year. :
9. An agency or organization for the expeditious
transmission of goods, etc. ; a conveyance or vessel
by which goods, parcels, or letters are dispatched.
1694 Lond. Gaz. No. 2964/1 Died .. Don Jean de Angulo,
Secretary of the Universal Dispatch. 1703 /é/d. No. 3924/4
‘The Reprisal Dispatch, Jacob Green late Master, from New-
England, 1861 (see 12]. A/od. Ve Merchants’ Despatch ;
it was sent by despatch. (Cent. Dict.'.
+10. A body of persons (officially) sent to a
particular destination. Oés.
1713 Warver 7rve Amazons 69 Dispatches of Guards are
sent from the first Disturbance given.
Ll. slang. ( pl.) A kind of false dice: =Du1s-
PATCHER 2,
1812 J. H. Vaux //ash Dict., Dispatches, false dice used
by gamblers, so contrived as always to throw a nick. 1856
Times 27 Nov. 9/2 There are dice called ‘despatches ’.. A
‘despatch’ has two sides, double fours, double fives, and
double sixes.
TIT. 12. attrib. and Comd., as dispatch-bearing,
-wriler, -writing; Aispatch-boat, -box, dispatch
cock, dispatch-tube (see quots.).
1712 Appison Sect. No. 469 P 5 Gratifications, Tokens of
Thankfulness, Dispatch Money, and the like specious
‘Terms, are the Pretences under which Corruption. . shelters
itself. 1785 Grose Dict. Vulg. Tongue, Spatch cock, abbre-
viation of a dispatch cock, an Irish dish upon any sudden
occasion. 1834 IVest Lud. Sketch-bk. 1, 209 These. .dispatch
cocks .. are simply fowls cut down the back and expanded
to the purposes of a grill .. they afford an agreeable relief
to an appetite that demands haste to be gratified—whence
the name, 1842 Lever C. O'A/allcy xci. 443 In the mere
details of note-writing or despatch-bearing. 1861 /ngineer
XII. 51/3 (c7t/e) The Pneumatic Despatch, /6z¢., The loads,
in the pneumatic despatch tubes do not much exceed half.
a-ton, unless the despatch carriages are coupled in trains of
two or more. 1864 WessTER, Disfatch-box, a box for carry-
ing dispatches ; a box for papers and other conveniences of
a gentleman when travelling. 1874 Knicur Dict. Mech. s.v.
Atmospheric Railway, A \ate act of Congress (1872) appro-
priates $15,000 for a pneumatic dispatch-tube between the
Capitol and the Government Printing-Office, Washington.
lbid., Dispatch-boat, a name given toa swift vessel, formerly
a fast sailer, now a small steamboat, used in dispatch duty.
lbid., Dispatch-tube, a tube in which letters or parcels are
transported bya current of air. 1889 Repent. P. Wentworth
III. 267 Some papers he had just extracted from his despatch-
box. 1889 Sat. Rev, 26 Jan. 104/1 Despatch-writing had not
yet become part of the art of war.
Dispa‘tchable, z. rare. [f. Disparcu v. +
-ABLE.] Capable of being dispatched.
1821 Blackw. Mag. 1X. 305 Thou wilt find it no very easy
or dispatchable matter.
Dispatcher (dispe'tfar). [fas prec. + -ER1.]
1. One who or that which dispatches, in various
senses ; see the verb.
1547-64 Bautpwin Mor, Philos. (Palfr.) v. vi, To the godly,
death is the most happy messenger and quick dispatcher
of all such displeasures. 1549 Bate Pref Leland's Itin,
iv. (I'.), Avaryce was the other dyspatcher, whych hath
made an ende both of our lybraryes and bokes without
respect. 1563-87 Foxe A. & JZ. (1631) III. x1. 551/2 marg.,
D. Story..the chiefe dispatcher Of all Gods saints that
suffered in Queene Maries time. 1611 Cotcr., Dataire,
the dater, or dispatcher of the Popes Bulls. 1755 Macrns
Insurances 11, 212 Likewise the Dispatcher of Averages.
1884 A. Warinwricur in Harper's Mag. July 272/2 The
dispatcher, as the electrician is technically called, puts his
finger upon a fourth key. 1886 Pal? Mall G. 31 Aug. 3/2
The despatcher of a telegram. :
2. slang. ( pl.) A kind of false dice: see quots.
1798 Sporting Mag. X1.85 How long it was since his con-
science had permitted him to use dispatchers; these, he said,
were loaded dice. 1894 MAsKELYNE Sharps §& Flats 237 Of
unfair dice..there are those whose faces do not bear the
correct number of pips, and which are known as ‘ dis-
patchers’. Jéid. 238 A high dispatcher cannot throw less
than two, whilst a low one cannot throw higher than three.
Dispa‘tchful, ¢. Ods. or arch. [f. Disparou
sb. + -FUL.]
+1. Having the quality of dispatching or making
away with expeditiously. Ods.
1608 Mipp.eton 7'7ick to Catch Old One u. ii. D ij, He...
Fall like a secret and dispatchfull plague On your secured
comforts. 1680 H. More Afocal. Afoc. 83 Their teeth ..
were very dispatchfull of their prey.
DISPATCHMENT.
2. Full of or characterized by dispatch ; speedy,
expeditious, quick, hasty. Ods. or arch,
1642 Futter Answ. to Ferne 3 Those dispatchfull and
urgent times, 1667 Mitton ?. 2. v. 331 So saying, with
_dispatchful looks in haste She turns, on Rospitable thoughts
intent. tr. Erasmus’ Moriz Enc., While the dispatch-
ful fool shall rush bluntly on. +768 74 Tucker Lt. Nat.
(1852) II. 592 There is a wide difference between leading
a regular life, and living by rule; the one is pleasant, easy,
smooth, and dispatchful; the other .. toilsome, stiff, and
gueety wastéful both of time and strength. 1814 H. Busk
ugitive Pieces 230 lf despatchful haste thy journey need.
1829 Lyrron Disowned 19 The most dispatchful solicitude.
+b. quasi adv. Speedily, quickly, in haste. Ods.
Let one, dispatchful, bid some
bullock from the L pod mead.
axes to the
1725 Pore Odyss. m1. 5
swain to lead A well-fe
1791 Cowerr /liad xxi. 148 Their keen-edge
towering oaks Dispatchful they applied.
+Dispa‘tchment. Oés. [f. Dispatcn v. +
-MENT.] The act of dispatching, dispatch (in
various senses) : prompt execution or settlement ;
getting rid of, sending away, dismissal; making
away with, killing.
1529 St. Trials, Wolsey, For want of dispatchment of
matters. 1538 M. THrocmorton Let. Cromwell (MS. in St.
Pap. Hen, VIII, X11. 1. No, 552 Recd. Off.) Att Pares ..
y requeryd off hyme [Pole] my dyspachement [copy in A/S.
Cott, Cleop. E.. 6,386 despachement] accordyng to hys promes
to me at Rome. 1546 Bate Eng. Votaries u. ‘ach pees b,
He. .confessed that he had sent. . false letters and poysons to
the dyspachement of hys enemyes. 1570 App. PaRKER Corr,
363 To procure the dispatchment of this offensive court,
Dispathy, obs. form of Dysparuy.
+ Dispa‘tron,v. Os. [Dis-72.] “vans. To
deprive of a patron or of patronage.
1615 SyivesteR Du Bartas, Fob Triumphant u. 62
Townes of late By him dispatroned and depopulate. ¢ 1620
Z. Bovp Zion's Flowers (1855) 89 By thee dispatron’d..
Who could a comforte once afford to me?
Dispauper (dispd-pa1), v. Law. [Dis- 7 b.]
trans. To decide a person to be no longer a pauper;
to deprive of the privileges of a pauper; to dis-
qualify from suing 22 formd pauperis, that is, with-
out payment of fees.
1631 Star Cham), Cases (Camden) 72 Therfore the Court
would dismisse the cause or dispauper the pl[ain]t{iff}, for
that by his confession he hath 11" perannum, 1656 BLounr
Glossogr., Dispauper is a word most used in the Court of
Chancery, as when one is admitted to sue #2 forma pauperis,
if that privilege be taken from him, he is said to be /)és-
panpered, 1816 J. Puitimorr Ref. 1. 185 (L.) If a party
has a current income, though no permanent property, he
must be dispaupered. 1885 Law 7imes 7 Mar. 340/1 The
plaintiff had, by the fact of his having recovered. .more than
45, become dispaupered. ;
Dispauperize (disp9‘paraiz’, v. [f. Dis- 6+
Pauperize.] f¢rans, @. Yo release or free from the
state of pauperism, Also fig. b. To free (a com-
munity or locality) from paupers.
1833 New Monthly Mag. XX XVII. 283 What chance do
you see of dispauperizing any of the paupers? 1848 Mitt
Pol. Econ. v. xi. § 13 (1876) 585 Many highly pauperized
districts .. have been dispauperized by adopting strict rules
of poor-law administration, 1874 Contemp. Rev. XXIV.
965 The boy was thoroughly dispauperized in spirit.
Hence Dispau-perized ///. a.; -iza‘tion.
1834 15/ Rep. Poor Law Comm, (1885) 163 The principle
of relief... found so efficient in the dispauperized parishes.
1876 PretyMan (//t/e), Dispauperization, a popular ‘Treatise
on Poor-Law Evils and their Remedies.
+ Dispay're, 5. Ols. Alsodys-,-peir,-peyre.
[f Disparr v.2, var. of DEPAIR, to spoil, injure, or
suffer injury.] Impaired condition, disrepair.
mist in Eng. Gilds (1870) 397 That it may be remedyed
and holpen when that it ys [in] ruyn, or in dispeyre, or
before. 1537-8 W7// of ¥. Sponer (Somerset Ho.), All the
wyndows. .that be in dyspeir. _
ispayr(e, obs. form of DEsPaIR.
ace (disp7's). [f. Dis- 9 + Prace.sd,
Orig. Scotch, in which it is in familiar use.] The
absence or reverse of peace or quietness ; uneasi-
ness (of mind); dissension, enmity.
1825 Jamieson, Dispeace, disquiet, dissension. 1851 Ruskin
Stones Ven. 111. iv. § 36. 197 ‘The London of the nineteenth
century may yet become as Venice without her despotism,
and as Florence without her dispeace. 1856 — Mod. Paint,
IIL. rv. xviii. Concl. 338 Two men, cast on a desert island,
could not thrive in dispeace. 1867 S. Cox Quest Chief Good
123 This very contrast .. breeds no dispeace or anger in the
heut. 1873 Burton //ist. Scot. VI. xxi. 219 Scotland had
elements of dispeace. 1881 Grikxie in Nature XXIII. 224
The rumours of renewed disp g the nati
Hence Dispea‘ceful a,
1 R, Wattace in Scott. Leader 29 Jan. 6 A messenger
of that dispeaceful divinity [the goddess of strife].
+ Dispea‘r, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 6 + stem of ap-
pear, com-pear ; see also the aphetic PEAR. Cf.
OF, disparoir (16th c. in Godef.) or It. disparere
‘to disappeere’ (Florio). Mod. Fr, has in the pre-
sent stem dispanaitre, disparaiss-: cf, DISPARISH
v.l and Disaprrar.| zntr. To disappear.
1600 Fairrax 7uasso vit. xliv. 125 All those stars on heau’ns
blew face that shone .. dispeared were and gone. 1627 Br.
Hatt Gt. Impostor Wks. 50 This great impostor ..dis-
reth and is gone. 1647 H. More Song of Sond 1 1. li,
ut he looks on to whom nought doth dispear.
Dispeche: var. of Despecur, DEPEacH v. Obs.,
to send away, dispatch, Also Dispechement, =
DISPATCHMENT.
480
1538 M. TuroGMorton Let., copy in 7S, Cott. Cleopatra
Pir at 386, And from thens also to have been
forig. in St. Pap. Hen. VIIT, XII. 11. No. 552, 4 yd].
Jbid., And herupon delayed my dispechement .. ‘To come
further concernyng my dispechement (original, in both cases,
dyspachement].
Dispect, var. of Despect, Ods,
+ Dispee‘d, v. Obs. [app. ad. obs. It. dispedire,
(sfedire) to dispatch (Florio), f. Dis- 1; a parallel
form to L, ex-fedire, im-pedire (EXPEDE, IMPEDE).
But, as the spelling shows, associated in Eng. use
with Sprep : cf. also the parallel form DEsPEED.]
trans. To dispatch, to send off. b. ref. To get
away quickly.
1603 Knottes Hist. Turks (L.),To that end he dispeeded
an embassadour to Poland. The man returned..and was
againe dispeeded. — Calend. St. Papers, E. Indies
16 Aug. (1878) 365 The Dutch have dispeeded sundry ships
towards the west. 1630 Lorp Banians 79 [He] dispeeded
his Bramane Madewnauger, and his Pardon, to Delee. Fa
Soutney Roderick xv. 273 Himself from that most painful
interview Dispeeding, he withdrew. 7
c. To dispatch or finish promptly ; to expedite.
1626 GaTaker Spanish /nvasion 16 Lulian..sent one Aly-
pius..furnished with much treasure for the dispeeding of
the worke,
Dispeire, obs. form of Despair.
Dispel (dispel), v. [ad. L. déspell-cre to drive
asunder, scatter, f. Dis- 1 +pelL’re to drive.]
1. trans. To drive away in different directions or
in scattered order; to disperse by force, dissipate
(e.g. clouds, darkness, doubts, fears, etc.)
a 1631 Donne in Se/ect. (1842) 141 More clouds than they
could. .dispel and scatter. 1662 J. Davies tr. Olearius’ Voy.
Ambass, 210 Lamps..enough to dispell the greatest dark-
nesse. 1667 Mitton P. L. 1. 530 He..gently rais'd Their
fainted courage, and dispel'd their fears. 1781 Gisron
Decl. & F. 11. 63 His apprehensions were soon dispelled.
1883 Froupe Short Stud. 1V. 1. viii. go He dispelled the |
illusions of Lewis. 1887 Bowen Viry. eneid 1. 199 Ills
more dire ye have suffered; and these too Heaven will
dispel. :
2. intr. (for refl.) To become dissipated or scat-
tered, as a cloud or the like.
1643 Avngdomes Wkly. Intellig. No.7. 55 [He] still hangs
as a cloud over Plimmouth, but it dispells every day. 1799
Camppett Pleas. Hope u. 263 Melt, and dispel, ye spectre-
doubts. 1840 Blackw. Mag. XLVIII. 270 Conventions ..
in constant succession bubble up, form, and dispel.
Hence Dispelling ///. a., esp. in comb., as care-
dispelling, that dispels care; Dispe‘lent (also
-ant), a dispelling agent ; Dispe‘ller, he who or
that which dispels.
1717 Frezier Voy. S. Sea 77 It is an admirable dispeller
of certain Tumors. 1836 F, Manoney Rel. Father Prout,
Watergrasshill Carousal (1859) 78 A dispeller of sorrow.
1869 Pall Mall G. 18 Aug. 10 The change of scene..will
often act as a good dispellant.
Dispence, var. of DISPENSE.
+ Dispend, v. Ods. or arch. Also 4-6 des-,
dys-. Pa.t. and pple. dispended, dispent. [ME.
des-, dispend-en, a, OF. despend-re (mod.F. dépen-
dre) = Pr. despendre, Sp. despender, \t. dispendere:—
late L. dispendére to weigh out, pay out, dispense,
f, Dis- 1 + fendére to weigh. Cf. EXPEND, SPEND.]
1. trans. To pay away, expend, spend: a. money,
wealth.
¢1330 R. Brunner Chron. (1810) 290 kyng sent.. For
bisshoppes..& ober pat pei found, Pat ak ier mot dispende
of londes twenty pound. 1386 Cuaucer Xeeve's 7. 63 For
hooly chirches good moot been despended On hooly chirches
blood that is descended. 1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W.
de W. 1495) 1. xxvii. 45 a/1 She had dyspended alle her
hauour to leches for to recouure her syghte. 1599 B. Jonson
Ev. Man out of Hum. i. iii, A poore elder brother of min
sir,a yeoman, may dispend some seven or eight hund
a yeere. 1 Declar. Loris & Com, 20 June 6 Those
summes shall be dispended as the former have been. c 1680
Hicxerincit. Hist. Whiggisme Wks. 1716 1. 28 All [the
money) was dispended,
absol. 1340 Ayend. 53 Ich wylle bet pou ete and drinke
and .. despendi. 16a9 Gauie /oly Madn. 348 When he
must needs despend, he .. kisses euery Peece he parts from.
b. other things.
@ 1300 Cursor M. 13410 (Cott. god drinc suld pou first
despend. 1411 Rolls of Parlt. 111. 650/2 Schal do brynge..
two fatte Oxen..to be dispended onadyner. 14.. Hoccieve
Compl. Virgin 244 And hath his blood despent in greet foy-
soun, 1582 N. Licnerrecptr, Cas. eda's Cong. E. Ind.
xlii, 98a, They were the bolder to dispend amongst them
their shot, with the which there were many very sore hurt.
1627 FectHam Resolves 1, \xix. Wks. (1677) 105 Every Man
will be busie in dispending that quality, which is predomi-
nant in him. ax745 Swirr Ws, (1841) II. 69 They insist,
that the army dispend as many oaths yearly as will produce
£100,000 nett, 1868 KINGLAKE Crintea (1877) IV. xiii. 317
An isolated bastion dispending its strength,
ce. To dispend land; to have an income from
land, to possess land.
1523 Firzners. Surv. xii. (1539) 27 In some case he shall
dispende and have more landes. 1613 Sir H. Fincu Law
(1636) 405 Where that clause needs not, the Iurors must dis-
pend some land of freehold out i d within
the Countie where the issue is to be tried.
2. To spend, consume, employ, occupy (time).
1340 Hampote Pr. Conse. 2435 Thou here di ed thi
tym wrang. ¢r Cuaucer Monk's T. 320 How she in
vertu myghte hir lyf dispende [//ard, evro, despent]. ¢1422
Hocc.eve Learn to Die 239 My dayes I despente in vanitee.
1582 N. Licneriep tr. Castanheda's Cong. E. Ind. |xix.
DISPENSABILITY.
142 Ries npen shewe sha Ceneetonight depen ty times.
— Mon, Matrones 122 time of my life euill
spent,
8. pass. To be brought to an end or finished up ;
to be exhausted or spent ; to come to an end.
1393 Gower Con/. I. 5 Whan the prologe is so iq
1452 Witt of S. ‘ham in Blyth’s Fincham (963) 154 Til-
hese issue male be dispended. 1470 Harpinc Chron. 1x. i,
Anchises dyed and was — Caxton's Chron, Eng.
1. 9/2 The vytayles were dis; and fayled.
4 To spend to no purpose; to waste, squander.
3k gts ve Be a change 9 .
yspen t hys r hym by
Cusucen L. G. W. 249 Phyllis, Me liste not..
[v. r. dispenden] on hym a p full of ynke. ry Naw’ g
Cato Byb, To thende that thou dyspende hyt not folysshly,
5. To distribute, DisPENsE (esp. in early use,
charity to the poor).
cx Cato Major wu. x. in Anglia VII, Freliche dis-
nde, Per neod is, euer among. c¢ 1400 Afol. Loll. 112 If
fis be 3euen or despendid to pe pore. 1483 Caxton Gold. Leg,
2
ae Raa!
dalt at my buryall. .xls.
‘o gyue to the poure peple and dispende it amon
1517 Test, Ebor. (Surt.) V. 88 Dispendyd aa
*633 P. Frercner Purple /sl. m.
vii, The purple fountain .. By thousand rivers through the
Is'e dispent. 1652 Bentowrs 7heoph. xu. xlix. 225 When
Sols Influence descends .. And richer Showres, then fell on
Danaes lap dispends. a@1656 Hates Gold. Rem. (1688) 267
To make them. .profitable unto us, by charitably dispending
them.
6. To dispense with, do without. rare.
1614 T. Avams Devil's Banquet 61 If a t punishment
be suspended, the future shall neuer be dispended with,
+ ‘nder. O/s. Also 4-5 des-, dispen-
dour. [ME. a. OF. despendour agent-n. from de-
spendre: see prec.] One that expends; a dis-
penser ; an almoner; a steward ; = DiSPENSATOR.
1340 Ayenb. 190 He... het his desspendoure pet he him
yeaue uyftene pond of gold. Pe spendere. .ne yeaf bote uyf.
1382 WycuiF 77t.i. 7 It bihoueth a bischop for to be withoute
crime, as dispendour of God. 1382 — 1 Pet. iv. 10 As goode
dispenderes of the .. grace of God. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Me/ib.
? 687 The gretter richesses that a man hath, the mo de-
spendours he hath. c 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode um. xvii.
(1869) 144 Thilke is executrice, and dispendere of the resi-
due of the testat. 1450-1530 M/yrr. our Ladye 114 Marye
..that arte..moste ware dyspender..fede the hungry wyth
bap 3 benygne prouydence. 161 Fiorio, Dispensatore. .also
a dis)
ing, vd/. sb. Obs. [f. DISPEND v. +
-1nG!,] The action of DispenD v.; expenditure.
cro —— — oe o—_ — ee
witterly. . the dis) nge w ely 2 1S. 1 omiiies
u.A Pondeeds UE G8 sa) 908 There 4 a kind vie
that shall never diminish the stock. 1603 FLorio Montaigne
ul. ix, (1632) 537 Their dispending and. .artificiall liberalities,
b. Money to defray expenses.
1375 Barsour Bruce vii. 509 He..gaf thame dispending
And send thame hame.
ce. Dispensation ; stewardship.
1388 Wycuir 1 Cor. ix. 17 Dispending [x; G , and
1611 dispensation ; X. /’. stewardship] is bitakun to me.
i ious (dispendias), a. [ad. L. dés-
pendios-us hurtful, prejudicial, f. Dispenpium. Cf.
mod. , dispendieux expensive (Littré).]
+1. Causing loss or injury; hurtful, injurious.
1557 Pore in Strype Zech Mem. 111. App. Ixxx. 276 [It]
being thought. .that for the necessity of money that is to be
d ded in the pasli and ise cannot be pro-
vided, the prorogation of that should be much dispendi
2. Costly, expensive ; lavish, extravagant.
x Baitey vol. II, Dispendious, sumptuous, costly.
1860 Beresr. Hore Eng. Cathedr. 19th C. ii. 59 A some-
what dispendious use of material may in the end be true
economy. 1864 Ecclesiologist XXV. 86 What is the good
..of this. .dispendious use of ials? ‘
Hence Dispe*ndiously adv., at great expense.
1874 T. G. Bowtes Flotsam § Yetsam g Nov. (1883) 116
A apple which he had dispendiously it.
ndi . rare, [f. DIsPEND, after Ex-
PENDITURE.] = EXPENDITURE.
1857 Sin F. Parcrave Norm. § Eng. 11. 506 His exuberant
d ture speedily received a 4
[L. =cost, expense;
tre to DISPEND; a
ndium. es
also, loss, damage; f. déspende
parallel form to Comrenpium. Cf. It. déspendio
expense.] Loss, waste ; expenditure, expense,
B Petit. Eastern Ass. ¢ a pos pe Be Sar
a U 5
(1662) 356 This Gentleman in his Title page ingeniously
wisheth that his Compendium might not prove a
dium to the Reader thereof. x60 J. Woopwarp in //i?.
Trans, XX1, 207 The less they [Plants] are in Bulk, the
smaller the Quantity of the Fluid Mass in which they are
set is drawn off; the Dis; ium of it. -being pretty nearly
tioned to the Bulk of the Plant. 17a7 S, Switzer
Pract. Gardiner 1. v. 42 The gispendium or expense of
water was the less Nit E
Dispensability. [f. next + a The
quality of being dispensable. a. Capability of
being dispensed or made the subject o! eccles‘as-
tical dispensation. b. Capability of being dis-
pensed — or done ba Omuat peat
. 4
Geniete Doctor of the Papa Tor the dispensabilitie of
oath. 1 Hatiam Hist, Lit. iv. mu. § 23{They]den *
the dispensability of the decalogue in any part. Srupss
Med. & Mod. Hist. xii. (1886) 284 The
as to the dispensability of a marriage
en i Ew
a brother's
b. Miss B Belinda uy 1, ix, 81 Weigt
ing be hepentabiicy of i y as a trayell
companion of each [book}. cn
DISPENSABLE.
sable (dispensil’l), a. [ad. med.L.
dispensabil-is, f. dispensdre to DISPENSE: see -BLE.
Cf. F. déspensable (16th c. in Littré).] ;
1. Zccl. Subject to dispensation. a, Capable of
being permitted if special circumstances, though
against the canons; capable of being remitted or
condoned, though an offence or sin,
1533 Morr Let. to Cromwell Wks. 1425/1 Sodenly his
highnes. .shewed me that..his mariage was .. in such wise
against the lawe of nature, that it coulde in no wyse by the
churche be dispensable, 1536 Act 28 Hen. VIII, c.7 § 5
The maryage..was..ayenst the lawes of almighty god, and
not dispensable by any humayne auctoritie. 1562 Fitts in
Strype Aun. I. xxxiii. 371 Horrible sins are dispensable for
money. @1709 Arkyns Par. § Pol. Tracts (1734) 296 ‘The *
Distinction of Mala Prohibita, into such as are dispensable,
and such as are not dispensable. .
b. Capable of being dispensed with or declared
non-obligatory in a special case, as a law, canon,
oath, etc.
@1612 Donner Bradavaros (1644) 106 If it [the Law] be
dispensable in some cases beneficiall toa man. 1679 BurNeT
Hist. Ref. 1.1, ii. 152 He was then of opinion that the law
in Leviticus was dispensable. 1690 STiLLINGFL. Charge to
Clergy (T.), The question. .is, whether the church’s benefit
may not..make the canons against non-residence as dis-
pensable as those against translations. 1837-9 Hattam
Hist. Lit. iv. ut. § 23 Durand seems to have thought the
fifth commandment (our sixth) more dispensable than the
rest. 1890 Pad/ Mall G. 15 Feb. 2/2 Celibate friars with
‘dispensable vows’ are henceforth to be one of the recog-
nized agencies of the Church of England.
\2. Allowable, excusable, pardonable. arch. or Obs.
1589 Purrennam Eng. Poesie m. xxiv. (Arb.) 286 It came
not of vanitie but of a fatherly affection, ioying in the sport
and company of his little children, in which respect. .it was
dispenceable in him and not indecent. @ 1684 LeicuTon
Comm. x Pet. iii. 8 In his saddest times, when he might
seem most dispensable to forget other things. 1704 Swirr
T. Tub vi. (Seager), If straining a point were at all dis-
pensable.
8. That can be dispensed with or done without ;
unessential, omissible ; unimportant.
1649 Jer. ‘T'aytor Gt. Exemp. ut. xvi. 54 Things, which
indeed are pious, and religious, but dispensable, voluntary
and commutable. 1653 H. More Conject. Cabal, Pref.
Avij (T.), Speculative and dispensable truths a man..
ought rather to propound .. sceptically to the world. 1842
Brackig in 7azt’s Mag. 1X. 749 Books..are yet only of
secondary use. .and can never render the hearing ear, and
the speaking tongue dispensable. 1867 SwinsurNE /'ss. §
Stud. (2875 118 Not a tone of colour..is misplaced or dis-
pensable. : , :
4. Capable of being dispensed or administered.
1680 St. 7vials, Col. Audrewe (R.), If they be laws, they
must be. .dispensable by the ordinary courts of the land.
Hence Dispe-nsableness = DISPENSABILITY.
1654 Hammonp Fundamentals xii. § 2 (R.) Of Dispen-
sableness of Oaths.
Dispensary (dispe‘nsari). [f. L. type dispen-
sarium, dispensarius (liber): ct. med.L. déspen-
sdrius (1290 in Fleta = dispensator DisPENSER),
and F, dispensatre ‘a Dispensatorie, or Booke, that
teacheth how to make all Phisicall compositions’
(Cotgr. 1611) ; f. déspens- ppl. stem of L. déspend-
tre to dispense: see -ARY.]
1. A place, room, or shop, in which medicines
are dispensed; an apothecary’s shop. sec. A
charitable institution, where medicines are dis-
pensed and medical advice given gratis, or for a
small charge (charitable or public dispensary).
1699 Garr Disfens. Pref. (R.), The dispensary being an
apartment in the college, set up for the relief of the sick
r. 1702 (tit/e), ‘The necessity and usefulness of the
ispensaries lately set up by the College of Physicians in
London, for the use of the sick poor. 1789 Mrs. Piozz1
Journ, France 1, 199 [Venice treacle] can never be got
genuine except here, at the original Dispensary. 1806 SukR
Winter in Lond. 1. 58 In the discharge of his duty as
physician to a dispensary. 1869 Lecky Europ. Mor. I.
iv. 86 A Merchant .. founded ..a gratuitous dispensary
for the monks. 1874 C. Geikie Life in Woods xvii. 291
He Fe me some stuff from a dispensary.”
+2. transf. A collection of the drugs or prepara-
tions mentioned in the phatmacopceia or to be
found in an apothecary’s shop. Ods.
3710 STEELE Tatler No, 248 P 3 Natural Gaiety and Spirit
- Surpass all the false Ornaments... that can be put on by
applying the whole Dispensary ofa Toilet. 1768-74 TucKER
Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 676 Nor yet does it suffice that we have
a complete d y of remedies without knowing how to
ape them.
+3.
A book containing formulz and directions
for the making up of medicines ; a pharmacopceia ;
= DISPENSATORY 56. 1. Obs. or arch.
1721 Baitey, Dispensary, a ‘Treatise of Medicines. x 25,
Braptey Fam. Dict. s.v. Syrup, You have..a Description
- of it in all Dispensaries.
Di'spensate, v. rare. [f. L. dispensat-, ppl.
stem of déspensare; cf. compensate.] = DISPENSE.
rgor Bevertey Glory of Grace 5 ‘hat all is so Dispensated,
and Oeconomized in, from, and by the Beloved. 1822 W.
Irvine Braceb. Hall (184. 5) 144 Conceptions of widely dis-
pensated happiness,
ensation (dispenséi-fon). Also 4-6 dys-;
‘acioun. [a. F. dispensation (12th c. in Hatz,-
Darm.), or ad. L. déspensation-em distribution of
money or property, management, stewardshi
saa eeey, from dispensire to Diseaneet
ou. II. :
481
I. The action of dealing out or distributing.
1. The action of dispensing or dealing out ; distri-
bution or administration to others; expenditure,
spending, or disbursement (of money) ; economical
use or disposal (of anything).
1387 ‘Trevisa //igiden (Rolls) 11. 469 (Mitz.) Everych
schulde make good for his owne partie, and 3eve us special
helpe and subsidie by his owne dispensacioun. 1649 SELDEN
Laws of Eng. 1. ii. (1739) 2 The dispensation of this grace
unto all men. 1695 Woopwarp Nat, Hist. Earth 1. (1723)
52 A Dispensation of Water promiscuously and indiffer-
ently to all Parts of the Earth. a1704 T. Brown Praise
Wealth Wks. 1730 I. 86 Blind in the dispensation of all our
favours. 1841 D’Isrart Amen. Lit. (1867) 618 Elizabeth,
a queen well known for her penurious dispensations. 1861
Tuttocu Zug. Purit. i. 26 Changes in the dispensation of
the Lord’s Supper. 1878 Lecxy Zug. in 18th C. IIL. viii.
439 The dispensation of bribes, places, and pensions.
+2. Anat, The distribution of blood, the nerves,
etc., from some centre. Ods,
1668 Cucrerrer & Core Barthol. Anat. 1. i. 301 But the
Principle of Dispensation from whence the Veins arise, is
the Liver, and not the Heart. /é7d. 11. i, 322 ‘The Begin-
ning of the dispensation of Nerves, or the part whence the
Nerves immediately arise, is the A/edud/a oblongata. 1759
tr. Duhamel's //usb. u. ii. (1762) 182 This dispensation of
the nutritive juices.
3. The process of dispensing medicines or medical
prescriptions ; ‘ the making up of medicines in ac-
cordance with prescription, and the delivery of them
to the patient’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883).
1646 Sir T. Browne send. Ef. v. iii. 237 In the due dis-
pensation of medicines desumed from this animall. 1779-81
Jounson Z. P., Gar/h, Vhe Physicians procured some
apothecaries to undertake the dispensation.
II. The action of administering, ordering, or
managing; the system by which things are ad-
ministered.
(This group of senses originates in the L. use of dispen-
satio to render Gr, oixovouia in N.T. and patristic writers.
The latter is used in 1 Cor, ix. 17, Eph, iii, 2, Col. i. 25
for the ‘office of an administrator’ (see sense 4 below) ; but in
Eph. i. 10, iii, 9, for ‘a method or system of administration’
(specifically that which involved the Incarnation’, From
this latter arose various theological uses: (1) Tertullian
(Adv. Praxean ii, iii, iv.) uses dispensatio=oixovouia to
denote the Trinity as an administrative arrangement, i.e.
a system of distribution and apportionment of functions
designed by the Father for administrative purposes. ‘This
is known as an economical as distinguished from an essen-
tiad Trinity: in the latter the personal distinctions are
regarded as matters of nature and necessity, in the former
of will. (See the distinction between Disrensative, D1s-
PENSATORY, and essential.) (2) It was applied to the
Incarnation (dispensatio assumpti corporis, a. suscepte
carnis, or simply désfensatio) as the basis or organ of the
redemptive system under which mankind now live (August.
Serm. 264 § 5). (3) The evangelical system is termed dis-
fensatio gratiz in opposition to the Law or system of works
(August. Ef. 82 § 20), while the method of salvation by
means of the Incarnation is disfensatio salutis nostre
(August, Ser. 237 § 1). Hence, in the Latin version of
Trenus, Christ is called dispensator paterne gratiz (iv.
20. 7). (4) Dispensatio was applied to the divine purpose
or decree which established the system, and determined its
mode of action (Tertull. Adv. Marc. vi. 18, Hilar. Pict. De
Trin. ix. 66, xi. 13); also, by Hilary, tothe Passion, as the
supreme mystery of Redemption.]
4. The orderly administration of things com-
mitted to one’s charge; the function or office of
administrator or steward ; stewardship. arch.
1382 Wycuir 1 Cor. ix. 17 Forsoth if I willinge do this
thing, I haue mede; sothly if azens my wil, dispensacioun
is bitake to me. 1482 Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 908 They
shulde geue acomtys of her dispensacyon that haue resceyued
benefytys and ryches of the chyrche. 1548 Latimer
Ploughers (Arb.) 34, [ haue taken at my fathers hande the
dispensation of redemynge mankynde® 1647 Bury Wills
aaeat 197 According to the will of him whose steward
am, and to whom I must give an accompt of the dispen-
sacion of that which he hath commnieedl ynto me. 1691
Norris Pract. Disc. 36 A Wise Dispensation of the Fading
and Unrighteous Mammon. 1860 Trencu Seri. Westit.
Abb, xxxii.366 A man..may forget or abuse his stewardship
in the dispensation of one talent as effectually as in the
rae of ten.
. Ordering, management ; ¢sf. the divine ad-
ministration or conduct of the world; the ordering
or arrangement of events by divine providence.
1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 1. pr. vi. 108 (Camb, MS.) Thanne
the wyse dispensacioun of god sparith hym. 1382 Wycur
Col. i, 25, I poul am made mynystre bi dispensacioun of
god. 1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. (1495) vi. xviii. 204
The dyspensacion of goddis word settyth some men to fore
other. 1513 Brapsuaw St. Werburge 1. 3463 Whiche danes
by sufferaunce and dispensacion Of almyghty god for synne
and iniquite Punysshed ynpiteously ali this region. 1526
Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 27 Bothe body and soule,
with the hole dispensacion and ordrynge of our lyfe & wyll.
1643-7 Westm. Confess. Faith viii. §8 (1877) Overcoming all
their enemies by his almighty power and wisdom, in such
manner and ways as are most consonant to his wonderful
and hable dispe ion. 1 Sir T. Hersert
Trav. (1677) 260 Albeit in his dispensation..his strokes are
.. With an equal hand afflicting the innocent with the
nocent. 1671 Mitton Samson 61, I must not quarrel with
the will Of highest dispensation.
b. An arrangemeht or provision of Providence
or of Nature.
1665 Hooke MJicrogr. 177 So infinitely wise and provident
do we find all ispensations in Nature. 1754 SHER-
Lock Disc. i. (1759) I. 39 The Gospel is a Dispensation of
Providence in regard to Mankind, 1816 Kratince J'rav.
(1817) I. 18 With the immutable decree that man should
DISPENSATION.
labour, comes the benevolent dispensation that he need not
want. 186r Mitt U¢sdit. v. 76 Attached to it by a special
dispensation of nature.
e. A special dealing of Providence with a com-
munity, family, or person, dispensing blessing,
affliction, or other event; the event or lot thus
dealt out ; as a mystertous or merciful dispensation,
@ 1652 Rocers (J.), Neither are God's methods or inten-
tions different in his dispensations to each private man.
1704 Netson fest. & Fasts ii. (1739) 29 The Dispensa-
tions of God’s Providence towards Men .. are very pro-
miscuous. 1823 Scorr Peveril xxix, A humbling dispensa-
tion on the house of Peveril. 1837 Dickens Pick. ii,
Mysterious dispensations of Providence. 1848 Ruskin
Mod. Paint. IL. ui. I. xiv. § 10. 111 Different dispensa-
tions of trial and of trust, of sorrow and support. 1895
Crockett Glistering Beaches in Bogmyrtle 154 In the
north .. everything is either a judgement or a dispensation,
according to whether it happens to your neighbour or
yourself, bs
6. Zheol. A religious order or system, conceived
as divinely instituted, or as a stage in a progressive
revelation, expressly adapted to the nceds of a par-
ticular nation or period of time, as the fatrzarchal,
Mosate (or Jewish) dispensation, the Christian
dispensation ; also, the age or period during which
such system has prevailed ; = Economy 5 b.
An extension of the patristic use of the word as applied
to the evangelical system based on the Incarnation (see note
under IT above); the patriarchal and Mosaic ‘dispensations’
being conceived as prophetic of the Christian, all being one
in substance though differing in form. This use became
common in the theology of the 17th c.
1643-7 Mest. Confess. Faith vii. § 6 (1877) There are not
therefore two covenants of grace, differing in substance, but
one and the same under various dispensations. a 1652
J. Saitu Se’, Disc. Div. 297 Vhe Jewish notion is this, that
the law delivered to them on Mount Sinai was a sufficient
dispensation from God. 1675 W. Cave (¢:¢/e), Antiquitates
Apostolic: .. to which is added An Introductory Discourse
concerning the three Great Dispensations of the Church,
Patriarchal, Mosaical, and Evangelical. 1706 Pritiirs (ed.
Ke
ersey) s.v., In Divinity, God's high Dispensation, is the
giving of the Levitical Law to the Jews, the Gospel to the
Gentiles, the Sending his Son for the Redemption of Man-
kind. 1732 BerkeLry Serm. to Soc. Prop. Gospel Wks. ILL.
246 The Christian dispensation is a dispensation of grace
and favour. 1772 Prirsttey Just, Relig. (1782) Il. 124
Christianity is the last dispensation. 1838 GLansTone
State in Rel. Ch. vii. (L.), [They] declared... that the
preaching of the Reformers was a kind of renewed com-
mencement of the gospel dispensation. 1877 W. Bruce
Comm, Kev. v, As the Israelitish dispensation was abolished
by the First Coming of Christ, the Christian dispensation is
abolished by His Second Coming.
+7. The ordering or arrangement of anything
in a particular way; concr. An arrangement, a
system. Ods.
1633 Br. Hatt Hard Texts, N. 7.135 By my owne volun-
tary dispensation. 1662 H. More Philos. Writ. Pref. Gen. 10,
I never found my mind low or abject enough to sink into
sense or conceit of that Dispensation [superstition], experi-
mentally to find what is at the bottom thereof. 1668 -— Div.
Dial. w. iv. (1713) 295 He that lives in this dispensation of
life. 1691 Norris /’ract. Disc. 191 The great uses and ad-
vantages of such a Heavenly dispensation of Life.
ITI. Theaction of dispensing with some require-
ment; med.L, dispensatio. (See DISPENSE II.)
8. Zccl. Anarrangement made by the administra-
tor of the laws or canons of the church, granting, in
special circumstances or in a particular case, a re-
laxation of the penalty incurred by a breach of the
law, or exempting from the obligation to comply
with its requirements, or from some sacred obliga-
tion, as an oath, etc.; the granting of licence by a
pope, archbishop, or bishop, toa person, to do what
is forbidden, or omit what is enjoined, by ecclesi-
astical law or by any solemn obligation ; the licence
so given.
¢ 1380 Antecrist in Todd 3 Treat. Wyclif 139 Pei sellen it
for mony, al pat bei maye ; as pardons, indulgencis, & opre
dispensaciouns. 1382 Wyciir Sed. Wks. III. 162 Dispen-
sacioun wib bis lawe winnes miche money. /é7d. 511 Monks
and chanouns forsaken pe reules of Benet and Austyn, and
taken wipouten eny dispensacioun be reule of freres. ¢ 1386
Cuaucer Clerk's T. 690 That he hath leue his firste wyf to
lete As by the popes dispensacion. 1480 Caxton Chron.
Eng. ccxxx. 243 Sir Iohan.. wedded dame blaunche duk
henryes doughter of lancastre cosyn to the same Iohan by
dispensacion of the pope. ¢ 1555 ARPSFIELD Divorce Hen.
VITT (1878) 129 A,dispensation is but a gracious releasing
to some certain person or persons of the common written
law. 1588 Suaxs. L. L. L. 11. i. 87 Then seeke a dispensa-
tion for his oath. 1655 Futter Ch. Hist. 1x. iii. § 30 Richard
Cheyney, Bishop of Bristol, holding Glocester therewith in
dispensation. 1696 tr. Du Mont’s bg Levant 37 The
Profits accruing from the Dispensation of eating Eggs, Milk,
Flesh, etc. Brackstone Comm. IV. 114 To sue to
Rome for any licence or dispensation, or to obey any pro-
cess from thence, are made liable tothe pains of praemunire.
1856 Frouve //ist. Eng. 1. 143 The original bull of dispen-
sation which had been granted by Julius II for the marriage
of Henry and Catherine. 1873 Dixon Two Queens I. 1. viii.
56 A dispensation would be needed ; but a dispensation could
be got from Rome.
b. transf. and fig.
1664 ButTLer Hud. 1. ii. 103 That Saints may claim a Dis-
pensation To swear and forswear on occasion. 1673 DryDEN
Assignation v. iv, "Tis a crime past dispensation. 1682
Eng, Elect. Sheriffs 11 As if they had a dispensation to
speak a they please. 1726 Adv. Capt. R. Boyle 44 He
had a Disp
ion from the Mufty to drink Wine.
61*
DISPENSATIONAL.
9. Law. The relaxation or
the realm in a particular case ; the exercise of the
dispensatory power claimed by Charles II and
James IT.
1607 Torsett. Hist. Four-/. Beasts (1658) 452 The first that
gave di jon against those laws was Seius Aufidius.
1667 Pepys apa 4 9 Jan., A way of preventing the King's
i ion with Acts. 1686 ett Brief Rel. (1857)
1, 382 Ten [judges] were clear of opinion that the dispensa-
tion in the case in question was good. 1 KE
Toleration i. Wks. 1727 11. 250 The private Judgment of
any Person concerning a Law enacted .. for the publick
|
Good, does not take away the Obligation of that Law, nor |
a mn. 3730-6 Barcey (folio), Dispensation
by on obstante. If any statute tends to restrain some Pre-
rogative incident to the person of the King, as to the right
of Lnomepr ps etc., which are inseparable from the King, by
a of non obstante, he may dispense with it; this was
disannulled by Stat. 1. W. & M. _@1832 Mackrxtosu Rev.
of 1688 Wks. 1846 II. 194 The King answered .. that the
royal power of disp had been solemnly determined
to be a sufficient warrant for such acts. 1863
1. v. 24 It was declared that .. no dispensation with any
statute should be valid unless such statute allows it.
b. Clause of dispensation (Sc. Law): see quot.
1861 W. Beut Dict. Law Scot.,Where heritable subjects lay
locally discontiguous..a clause of dispensation was some-
times inserted, specifying a particular place at which it
.Cox Instit. |
ion of a law of | Orig. stressed on final, which would have given mod.
Eng. disfensator; but conformation to L. gave
dispensa‘tor, exemplified in 17th c, and in Johnson,
Walker, Craig 1847 ; Smart 1849 has dé-spensa:tor.]
One who dispenses; a di ser; a distributor.
1489 Caxton Faytes of A. 1. xili. 35 Gode hede wold be
taken that the ————— and vitaillers of the oost be not
theuys. 1491 — Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) UL. 253 b/2
As a gode & trewe dyspensatour & dystrybutour to the
poore le of the les of thy fader. 1549 Compl. Scot.
xix. 158 hes the to be ane dispensatour of his
gyftis cae, he ignorant pepil. 1582 Hester Secr. Phiorav.
1. xlviii. 59 Liuer beeyng dispensator bothe of the good
and bad — of the humors. 1654 tr. Sendery’s Curia
Pol. 180 The ancient Romans (who were such equal dis-
pensators of Glory). a1859 L. Hunt Shewe Faire seeming
v. Wks. (1860) 178 Much the he lov’d, and wise theatre,
Counting it as a church, in which the page Of vertuous
verse found the sole dispensator.
+b. A steward who administers the goods, etc. of
another. Ods.
dide to the disp
DISPENSE.
while metal Gopensatery afieale uo Siniene OG
4. gen. A place whence anything is dispensed or
dak et ss wy
Consid. Dissolve. Crt. Chancery Magazine,
store-! and di: of all Writts remedial, 1752
A, Murpny ener No. 17 This place is the grand
ispensatory, ¢. [ad. L. dispensator-ius
(Jerome), f.. dispensdtor: see DisPENSATOR and
-ORY.
+1. Of or pertaining to a dispensator, adminis-
trator, or steward, or to administration ; = DISPEN-
SATIVE 1. Odés.
The 17th c. theologians contrasted dispensati dispen-
sative cones: which is exercised by virtue of office, with
oo inherent PoC) The : is} the Son of
nBow Ser7t. * dispenser Is,
— ee aera thea 4 God the Father.
overts Clavis Bibl. iii. i ingdome ma:
be considered in aver ean ae As it is Essentiall. »
Occ ical, Di y or Mediatory. 1671 Fravet
1382 Wycuir Gen. xliii. 16 He «
| satowr [1388 dispendere] of his hows, seiynge, Lede yn the
should be,sufficient to take infeftment for the whole lands, |
and other subjects, however discontiguous or dissimilar, and
dispensing with any other subjects than earth and stone.
‘The Crown alone could competently grant such @ dispen-
sation. i
10. ¢ransf. Exemption, release from any obliga-
tion, fate, etc. ; remission. arch. or Obs.
1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto's Trav. xviii. 275 The richest
.. resolved to get a dispensation from this voyage by the
means of a great sum of money. 1676 Hate Contemp. 1.
96 After this third application for a deliverance from this
terrible Cup of the wrath of God, and yet no dispensation
obtained, he returns to..the three Disciples, a@1711 Ken
Serm, Wks. (1838) 161 Daniel never made business a dispen-
sation from God’s service. 1752 Jounson Rambler No. 200
P 5 Our intimacy was regarded by me as a dispensation
from ceremonial visits. 1771 tr. Vind 's Shipwreck 132
The present circumstances .. appeared to be a sufficient
dispensation from attending .. to any other consideration,
li. The action of dispensing w7/h anything; a
setting aside, disregarding; a doing away with,
doing without. [Cf. sense 8, quot. 1382.]
1593 SHAKS. Lucr. 248 And (he) with good thoughts makes
dispensation Urging the worser sense for vantage still.
1612-15 Br. Hatt Contempl., O. T. xiv. i, Those temptations
.. which are raised from arbitrary and private respects,
admit of an easie dispensation. 1848 Sir J. Parke in £x-
chequer Rep. 11. 723 Going to the counting-house during
business hours, and finding no one there to receive the
notice was equivalent to dispensation of notice. 1855 MILMAN
Lat. Chr. (1864) V. 1x. vii. 359 The dispensation with appeal
in certain cases only confirmed [it] in all others.
Dispensa‘tional, a. [f. prec.+-au.] Ofor
pertaining to dispensation, or to a dispensation.
1874 H. R. Reynotps Fohn Baft. v. iii. 351 He had certain
national and dispensational offices to fill. a © Spectator
25 Nov. 1478/1 The Day of Pentecost, when the dispensa-
tional gifts of the Spirit were bestowed. 1888 Bidliotheca
Sacra Apr. 237 Not a few. .have believed that the limits of
certain dispensational periods were revealed in Scripture.
Dispe'nsative, «. (s.) [ad. L. dispensa-
tiv-us, {.dispensad-re to DISPENSE: see-ATIVE. Cf,
F. dispensatif, -ive (14th c. in Littré).]
+1. Administrative, official; pertaining to the
office of an administrator or steward. Obs.
1528 Roy Rede me (Arb.) 58 Though he have here soche
prerogative, In all poyntes that be dispensative, To performe
it by commyssion. 1633 Ames Agst. Cerem. 11. 307 Not
only in the name of the wholle societie, which in suche
cases hath some dispensative superioritie over particular
members, but allso by Commission from 1637 R.
Humpnrey tr. St. Ambrose 1. 21 People are drawne away
from the office of dispensative mercy. 1656 Jeanes Fudn.
Christ 34 There ee unto Christ a twofold power of
Authority, essential, and official. 1. Essential or natural,
which belongs unto him as God .. 2. Official, dispénsative,
or donative, delegated unto him as Mediatour, and head o!
his Church. | ee, 7 E
2. Dispensing, giving dispensation; = D1sPEN-
SATORY @. 2.
r6ax Haxewitt Davids Vow ve Onely the dis-
can ibly make
pensative power of the Lawgiver him:
it lawfull, 1687 Pol. Ballads (1860) I. 256 Knaves [that]
would set up a Di ive power, To down the Test
unto which we have swore. 1738 Neat /ist. Purit. IV. 230
Dr. Barwick .. ap oe that his Majesty should grant
his commission to the Bishops of each province .. to elect
and consecrate fit persons for the vacant sees, with such
dispensative clauses as should be found necessary.
Dispe‘nsatively, = [f. prec. +-t¥2.] In
a dispensative way ; by dispensation.
1572 Forrest Theophilus 542 in Anglia VIL, Some saye it
was doone ———— 1639 Wotton in Relig. 328(R.),
I can now hold my place canonically, which I held before
but dispensatively. 1646 SactmarsH Smoke in Temple 62
Is not their whole power defended to be entirely, essentially,
dispensatively in the Presbytery. @ 1656 Br. Haut Serm.
Canticles 1x. (R.), The state fis) absolutely monarchical in
rist, dispensatively monarchical in particular
churches ; forasmuch as that power, which is inherent in the
Church, is dis executed by some prime ministers.
Di spenveron. Now rare, Also 4 -owr, 4-6
-our, 6 -er, Sc.-ure. [a. AF. di: atour =OF.
dispensateur, -tur (1athe. in Littré), ad. L. dispen-
satorem, agent-n, from dispensdre to DISPENSE,
| pensator of all these wonderful events dis;
men hoom. ¢ 1449 Pecock Nefr. ut. xix. 409 The richessis
of chirchis ben patrimonies of poor men..the mynystris. .
ben dispensatouris ther of. 1§53 Becon Re/ignues of Rome
(1563) 155 The chamberlaynes and dispensatoures or stew-
ardes of the mysteryes of God. 1621-51 Burton Anat. Mel.
un iv. m1. iii, Out of that treasure of indulgences and merits
of which the pope is dispensator, he may have free pardon
and plenary remission of all his sins. 1656 Blount Glossogr.,
rey toe a a Steward, or Officer that laies out money for
an houshold. 1698 Norris Pract. Disc. 1V. 341 They are
but Stewards and Dispensatours in respect of God. [1876
Freeman Norm. Cong. V. xxii. 25 Azor the ‘dispensator’
had received his land again from King William.]
+e. An almoner. Oés.
1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's A/rica 1. 222 The kings dispensator
or almoner.
d. An administrator.
¢ 1630 Drumo. oF HawTH. Poems 31/1 The sun in triumph
rides .. ‘Time's dispensator, fair life-giving source. 1688
Lapy Russert Lett, II. Ixxix. 4 May the great Dis-
our hearts
and minds. 180a Hatred 111. 95 Providence, the supreme
dispensator of events.
Hence Di:spensa’'torship.
1637 R. Humpurey St. Ambrose 11. 36 [He] that beareth
rule in some office, as in the office of the ministery, all
dispensatorship.
Dispensatovrial,c. rare. [f.as DIsPENSATORY
a.+-AL.] Administrative.
1776 Bentuam Fragm. Govt. iii. § 5 Wks. 1843 I. 278 By
dispensatorial power I mean as well that which is exercised b
the Board of Treasury, as. . the War Office, Admiralty Beard.
Dispensatorily, adv. [f. Disrensatory a.
+-LY.] By dispensation ; dispensatively.
a 1641 Br. R. Mountacu Acts §& Mon. (1642) 159 Prophecy
is not all of one and the same assise, either canals -.or
dispensatorily. ax T. Goopwin Wks. 1.1. 439 (R.) eis
the God of all grace dispensatorily, or by way of perform-
ance and execution, and gracious dispensations of all sorts,
Dispe-nsatory, s?. [ad. med. or mod.L. dés-
pensatorium, dispensatorius (liber), absol. use of
dispensatorius adj.: see next and -ory.]
1. A book in which are described the composi-
tion, method of preparation, and use of medicinal
substances ; a pharmacopceia.
1566 Securis Detection Abuses Physick D vj, ¥* poticarie
mought not be without the dispensatories of Valerius Cordus,
of Fuchsius. 1696 tr. Du Mont's Voy. Levant Aviijb,
Wherto is added a Chirurgical Dispensatory; shewing the
Manner how to prepare all such Medicines. 1799 M/ed. Prué,
Il. 91 A cerate, which nearly r bles the um
tripharmacum of the old Dispensatory. 1811 A.T. Tuomson
i: Practical Synopsis of
(Ee). ‘The London nsatory, a
fateria Medica, Pharmacy, and Therapeutics. 1879
Sritte & Marscu (tit/e), The National Dispensatory.
attrib. 1716 M. Davies Athen, Brit. 1. 352 Of all our
Dispensatory Medicines, there's not one better.
. fig
ax626 Br. ANprewes Sern. x. Holy Ghost —_ 462 In
all Christ's dispensatory, there is not a medicine for such
aheart. 1667 Decay Chr. Piety vii. ? 1 (They) defame the
Gospel as the dispensatory, and Christ as the Cropped
and likewise ruine themselves as the patients. 1697 ‘OLLIER
Immor. Stage i. (1698) 5 One of, weigh tomer Poetry,
Vinum an 4 up by
the Devils Dispe . 2741 Warsurton Div. Legat.
Il. 44. 1773 Berrince Chr. World Unmasked (1812) 27 To
hear what my dispensatory says concerning will prayer.
+2. A place where medicines are made up; =
Dispensary 1. Obs,
1s97 Gerarve Herbal xxxv. xxv. § 1. 35 Aeomeneas
shop or dispensatorie, a 1626 Bacon New A?i, (1650) 29
Dispensatories, or Shops of Medicines. 1644 Evetyn
Diary 8 Nov., Father Kircher ss i i i
fectory, disp y, lab Y> gardens, L
Call. 1. § 3 P 14. 23 Not only a purses, but
ispensatories too, providing medicines as..
that sort of relief. 1742 Ricnarpson Pameda I. 352 [He]
praised me that I don't carry my Charity to Extremes,
and make his House a Dinpoeetery. 1799 tr. Diderot's
Nat. Son 11. 196 He had given mea key dispensatory,
that I might myself take what I wanted. é
. A repertory or collection of medicines.
riana in Fuller’s Cause § Cure (1867) 207 Sickness
carrieth with it its own dis for such incivilities.
1707 Curios. in Hush. § Gard. 108 If but one half of them
were true, we should find in this single Tree an intire Dis-
pensatory; and the jengeay bee and the Juice of
Ash, would be sufficient to furnish an 's Shop.
1748 G. Jerrreys in Duncombe's Lett. (1773) 11. 196 The
“room, pantry, or ce
Fount. Life xiii. 38 The Divinity of Christ..which was ob-
scured in this Temporary Dispensatory kingdom. a 1679
T. Goopwin Wes. I. 1. 439 (R.) There is a dispensatory
Kingdom (as Divines use to call it), as he [Christ] is con-
sidered as Mediator between God and his church: which
Kingdom is not his natural due, but it was given him and
given him by choice.
2. That gives dispensations; having the power or
habit of dispensing with laws or rules.
31647 Trare Comm. Jas. ii. 10 A dispensatory conscience
keeps not any Commandment. 1650 — Comm. Gen.
vii. 5, Exod. x. 26. 1675 Brooks Gold. Key Wks. 1867 V. 36.
Dispe’nsatress, [f. DisPENSATOR + -ESS.] =
next. In recent Dicts.
Dispensa‘trix. [a. L. dispensitrix, fem. of
dispensator DISPENSATOR.] A female dispenser.
a 1864 Faner tr. De Montfort's Devotion to Virgin, He
has chosen her to be the dispensatrix of all He possesses,
1865 Pusey Eiren. 258 De Montfort speaks of ‘the free-
thinkers of these [his] times’; who did not believe that the
Holy Trinky has made the Blessed Virgin the dispen-
satrix of all which they joes and will to bestow upon man,
+ Dispense, s/.! Os. Forms: 4-5 (7) des-
pens(e, 4-8 dispense, 4-7 dis-, 5-6 dyspence.
[In L., a. OF. despense act of spending, ad. late L.
dispensa, sb. from pa. pple. of dispendére to Dis-
PEND; prob. blending with OF. desfens :—L. dis-
pensum that which is expended. In II. prob. an
ea deriv. of the vb. in the cognate sense.]
. 1. The act of spending, expenditure.
¢ 1320 Senyn Sag. (W.) read Your travail and your despens.
1340 4. . 21 Huanne he dep to moche despense ober of
his o3en ober of opre manne, ¢1386 Cuaucer Prod. 441
He was but esy in dispence. ¢ 1400 Rom. Rose 1141 ate
his purpos .. Was for to make gret dispense. «rsa Te.
Berners Huon |xxxix. 283 gt I oma 4 his
dyspence. 1613 William J in Hari. Misc. (M Reg
154 With great dispence, both of their estates and
1664 Pepys Diary 1879) IIL. 41 [They] are not sufficient to
a Warr comes.
, costs.
s. L. 20 housis and
2 dispenses. 1718 Byrom Fran.
& Lit. Rem. (1854) 1. 1. 36 With these Fs pot on H
pak were So nc oe ei
ry Are his —— Dove: King’ Hart
@ 1510 LAS
443 Thal wanti dispence, Ewill purvayit folk.
régh'F, Kinxnan Clerio § Losta 123 Which meant fl
A tar sojourn at m bet; 3 a
2. The act of dispensing or bestowing liberally,
1590 SPENSER £2. B. xii. "
nce. 1596 — F. 0.
Vv. Xi. 5 Dealing his dreadfull blowes with large dispence.
kK heal -! a store-
er 5 ale
larder, storehouse, gardemanger ‘otgr.
0 aes, nN ee eee ee
to the Dispense for wine. /id. n. 348 Ina Dispense,
or Pantrie. bid. 11. 351.
Il. 4. a
1490 CAXTON fos xii. 46 [Elysse
pene chatenayes first vowes of e sed.
Gude § G. Huntis ‘That ceuell beist, he
sais caiet® Goder dlepana to pnt ©
ve Sp. & Port. It it
every knight ee teenies to py for his vow.
certainty ; an undetermined condition ; .
at in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 294 Mr. Til.
e .. shal! farm rte
his submyssion for his
offence untyll the ffeast of 138 Rucn Phylotys
Pass lL
ee ee!
- Emelia (18 If there be any th that hanges in
: erg 1647-8 ieee Davila's Hist.
Fr. ged ithe absense of the Princes held the King
and all his Ministers in great
Dispense (dispe'ns), v. Also 4-6 des-, 5-6
dys-; 5-8 dispence. [ME. a. OF. de-, dispenser
(13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.) = Pr., Sp. despensar, It.
fa ome L. dispensare (freq. of dispendére
to : ef. fensare to weigh out); in class.L.
to distribute by weight, to weigh out, disburse ;
to administer as steward, to dispose, arrange; in
med, L. to arrange or deal administratively with
a person in reference to the requirements of an
ecclesiastical canon or law.]
I. from L. déspensare in classical senses.
1. “rans. To mete out, deal out, distribute ; to
bestow in portions or from a general stock.
1374 Cuaucer Boeth. v. pr. vi. 139 (Camb. MS.) Despens-
ynge and yynge Meedes to goode men, and torment
to wykked men. ¢ 1420 Padlad. on Hush. 1. 172 Abundaunt
wyne the north wynde wol dispence To vynes sette agayne
his influence. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 28b,
Some we must vse, dispence and expende, and truly dis-
tribute. H. Butres Dyets drie Dinner Aaij, 1 as-
sume the ers office: and .. dispense to every of my
Guests according to the Season, his Age and Constitution.
3647 Crarenvon /ist. Reb. 1. (1843) 20/2 He might dispense
favours and disfavours according to his own election. 1667
“Mitton P. L. 1. 157 Now gentle gales .. dispense Native
mes. 1715 Leon Palladio’s Archit, (1742) Il. 99
Pipes which dispens’d the Heat. 1781 Cowrzr
Convers. 1 Though Nature weigh our talents, and dispense
To every man his modicum of sense. 1849 Macautay //ist.
Eng. 11. 81 Several commissioners.. had been appointed
to or, the public alms. .
+b. To spend (time, talents): both in the sense
of expending profitably and of wasting. Obs.
¢1624 Cuarman Batrachom. 13 Who with his wreake
dispenst No point of Tyme. 1638 Rouse /eav. Univ! x.
(1702) 147 As every man hath received the Gift so let him
exercise and dispense it. 1649 G. Daniet Trinarch.,
Rich. IT, cccxxviti, Affliction Is the best Mistresse to dis-
pence our Time. :
2. To administer (e.g. a sacrament, justice, etc.).
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. un. ii. (1495) 30 An angel
ey he thynges that ben abowte vs. xg01 Pol. Poents
(Rolls) Il. 46 The sacrament that we han to dispensen off
penaunce to the peple. 1588 A. Kine tr. Canisius’ Catech.
65 It is nocht ye office of euerie man. .to consecrat, dispens,
and minister ye sacraments. 1616 R. C. Times’ Whistle
Iv. 1517 You, which should true equity dispense. a 1656
Br. Hatt Serm. Canticles 1x. (R.), That power .. is dis-
sed and executed by some prime ministers. 1678 Cun-
worth Jntell. Syst. 110 Shall we say ..that this whole
Universe is dispensed ond ordered, by a mere Irrational ..
and Fortuitous Principle? 1894 Law 7 times 387/2 Sir Richard
Malins .. dispensed a home-brewed equity of his own.
b. adsol.
fiz" Cuaucer Boeth. w. pr. vi. 1og (Camb. MS.) In the
i eg I trowe pat god dispensith. a 1633 Austin
Medit. 106 Lest hee should not dispense, and governe well.
3. Med. To make up (medicine) according to a
prescribed formula; to put up (a prescription).
1533 Exyvot Cast. Helthe (1541) A iij, Some [physitions]
were not diligent inough in beholdynge their drouges or
ingredience at all tymes dispensid and tried. 1612 Woopa.t
Surg. Mate Wks, (1653) 310, I dispence and administer all
[drugs] by Haber-de-pois. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852)
1. 586 That ., the apothecary dispense his recipes properly.
1780 Cowrer Progr. Err. 594 Swallow the two a nos-
trums dispense—That Scripture lies, and blasphemy
is sense. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., s. v. Dispensary, The place
where ines are prepared and given out, or dispensed.
II. from med.L. dispensare in eccles. use.
[In later med.L. (by 1200 or earlier) dispensare was used
absol. or intrans. { =agere dispensatorie or dispensative), in
the sense ‘to an arrangement in the c! er of a
steward (vixov6pos), dmini rator, or ger, to deal ad-
ively,’ especially in to the practical appli-
cation of a law or rule to a particular case ; first, apparently,
in the way of relaxing a punishment or ce, whick’
according to strict law, had been already incurred, but in
the particular case ought to be remitted for special reasons;
th in the remission of a punist not yet incurred,
which d in fact to a | to break the legal rule ;
and thus, in the general sense of ting relaxation, ex-
emption, indulgence, etc. The it constructions were
pout in tali casu, circa jus, circa aliguem or aliquid,
esp. cum aliguo (ut possit), etc, (to dispense in such
a case, in reference to a certain law, or a certain person or
F. W. Maitland, Tiers age oe
“These intrans. uses. into Engli . dispense
with, which b eased, d Me re “ wath ioe
direct oot to be dispensed wit, 4 god has head ae
development of sense: see branch is elision of t
prep ples P nthe verb has also become
trans. in the sense ‘to grant dispensation to, or from.’
‘Transitive senses are found also in French from rth c.]
4. intr. To deal dispensatorily, to use dispen-
satory power; to grant dispensation or relaxa-
tion of the strict letter of the law iz a i
case; to make a special arran: it (witk any
one) whereby the gene! of a law is remitted in
his case. a. simply, or with iz. (Orig. in refer-
ence to ecclesiastical law; said also of a king’s
i er.
©1440 Prop. Par 122/2
40 case wi
to be contained under the meaning of the law.
1563 Winzer Four Scoir Thre Quest. \xxx. Wks. 1888 I. 128
Dyspenson, be oy of
lispenso. cass Hanesrieip Divorce Hen. LL
he di; he sheweth the
rh Se tl Sty ie ye, tal tli i a
483
Quhat pouer haif 3¢ to dispence mair in the ane nor in the
wthir? 1688 Siz KE. Hexsert Hales’ Case 29 There is the
same Disability in the Case of Sheriffs, and yet resolved
that the King can Dispense in that Case. 1810-16 C. O' Conor
Columbanus ad Hibernos vii. 62 It asserted. .that the Pope
could not dispense in the allegiance due by Catholics to
their Sovereigns. 1833 RK. H. Froupe Rem. (1838) 1. 307
In case he could not (Seer +. at any rate the acts of one
Council might be rescinded by another.
+b. with clause, expressing purpose or end. Obs.
1555 Haresrie_p Divorce //en.V IIT 878) 133 He cannot
dispense that a man should keep a concubine, or that a
king having a barren wife may marry again. 1639 Futer
Holy War w. xxv. (1647) 212 The Pope would not dispense
that Princes should hold pluralitie of temporall Dominions.
¢, with wth. The earliest construction exem-
plified (in Wyclif c 1380), and also the most im-
portant: see Dispense with, III below.
+d. with against. To relax a law or its
penalty in opposition to (some authority) ; to give
dispensation, indulgence, or permission, in oppo-
sition to (some law). Ods.
1555 Harpsrietp Divorce Ifen. VIII (1878) 133 Of set
purpose spoken to intimate that the Pope cannot dispense
against that chapter. /did. 146 He saith the Pope may dis-
pense against the Apostles’ order, as in bigamie, yet not
against God's own law. 1561 Daustr. Buliinger on Apo.
(1573) 185 b, Yea the same gloser.. sayth: The Pope if he
will, may dispence agaynst the Councell. For he is more
than the Councell.
+ 5: trans. To relax the law in reference to (some
thing or person). a. To remit or permit (a thing
which is forbidden by the strict letter of the law, ;
to remit or relax the penalty for (an offence); to
condone. Obs.
1393 Gower Conf. 1. 365 His sinne was dispensed With
golde, wherof it was compensed. c 1540 in /isher's Wks,
(E.E, T.S.) 11. p. xlii, In this Bull the maryage with Prince
Henrie was dispenced, for that the ladie was before maryed
to his brother prince Arthur. 1566 Vasguine in a Traunce
108 The Pope, dispensing all things for money. 1591
Troub, Raigne K. Fohn (1611) 48 Our holy father hath
dispenst his sinnes.
+b. To permit ‘a person) to do something
contrary to the general law; to permit by dis-
pensation. Ods.
1511-2 Act 3 Hen. VIII, c. 1. Preamble, No person shuld
carie. .out of this Realme.. Bullion.. but suche persons as be
desspensed within the Statute. 1605 Campen A’evz. (1637)
127 Hugh .. was dispensed by the Pope to marrie.
te. absol. To permit, allow, give dispensation.
1646 Six T. Browne Psend. Ep. To Rdr. Aiija, Would
Truth dispense, we could be content with Plato, that know-
ledge were but Remembrance.
6. trans. To dissolve, relax, or release by dis-
pensation. +a. To relax or dissolve the obliga-
tion of (a vow, oath, or the like) by ecclesiastical
authority. Ods.
1532 More Confut. Tindale Wks. 619/2 The churche hathe
synce. .dispensed and vndone the bonde. 1632 Massincer
City Madam v. iii, Thy holy vow dispensed. 1640 Bratu-
wait Two Lanc. Lovers 235 Those vowes .. could not so
easily be dispenced.
To give (a person) dispensation from some-
thing; to release from (+ of) an obligation; to
exempt, excuse.
1627 Lisander & Cal. 1v.58 Beleeving that hee was dis-
pensed of his promise. 1639 IT. Bruais tr. Camus’ Moral
Relat. 345 (He] entreated his Highnes to dispense him
from swearing that hee should no more love Goland. 1653
H. Cocan tr. Pinto’s Trav. xxxi.122 The Subject I now
treat of dispences me to speak of all. 1697 Deypen Virg.
Past. Pref. (1721) I. gx Extraordinary Genius’s have a sort
of Prerogative, which may dispense them from Laws, bind-
ra to Subject-Wits. 1744 Jounson L. P., Savage Wks.
III. 366 He appeared to think himself .. dispensed from all
necessity of providing for himself. a 1822 SHeLtey Ess. &c.
(1852) I. 226 This materialism .. allows its disciples to talk,
and dispenses them from thinking. 1851 J. H. Newman
“33 Who was to dispense them from their oath?
Y
absol,
all panegiric.
+ 7. To do without, to forgo ; = Dispense with :
see 14. Obs.
c 1420 Pallad. on Hush. v1. 235 As he as swyfte to be yit
I dispence. 1580 Siwney Arcadia (1674) 122 (D.) Images
of battels and fortifications being then delivered to their
memory, which after, their stronger judgements might dis-
nce. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. \ix. (1739) 110
His Fight of investiture of the Mared Clergy he dispensed.
+ 8. intr. To make amends or compensation for.
Obs. rare. (Cf. 1393 in 5 a.)
1590 Srenser F. Q. 1. iii. 30 One loving howre For man
yen ane Coe . f
III. with.
Orig. the chief construction of the intrans. sense 4,
=med.L. dispensare cum (see note under 11); which has
b a verbal ib » with indi: ive to be
dispensed with, and extensive deve aioaeel
* To dispense with a person.
+9. To arrange administratively with (a person),
so as to grant him relaxation or remission of
penalty incurred by breach of law, or special ex-
emption or release from a law or obligation; to
let off from doing something; to exempt, excuse.
ref. To excuse oneself, refrain or abstain from.
Cath.
Woman of Honor 11. 50 That dispenses from
DISPENSE,
doutir of Charles. 1494 Fasyan Chron. vit. 299 To gether
money..he had lycence of pope Innocent. .to dispence with
such as hym lykyd .. for fakyoce vpon them the crosse.
1549 Latimer 2nd Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 57 God had
dispensed wyth theym to haue manye wyues. 1606 Ho:-
Laxp Sueton. 104 He dispensed with a gentleman of Rome
for his oath .. never to diverce his wife, and gave him leave
to put her away. 1705 Appison /taly 251, I could not dis-
pense with my self from making a little Voyage. 1728 T.
Suerivan Persius Ded. (1739) 6, I hope I shall be dispensed
with, for studying Easiness of Style, rather than Elegance.
1775 in Mad. D’ Arblay’s Early Diary (1289) II. 52, I can-
not dispense with myself from giving you..my whole
sentiments.
+b. ¢ransf. To make an arrangement or com-
pound with, for an offence, etc. Obs. rare.
1568 Grarton Chron. I]. 117 These Gualo reserved to his
awne aucthoritie, and in the ende for great summes of
money [he] dispensed with them. 1593 Suaks. 2 //en. V/,
v. i 181 Canst thou dispense with heaven for such an oath 1
1659 Bb. Harsis /artval’s [ron Age 126 Vhey [were] dis-
pensed with for a Garrison, and the Forfeit of an hundred
and fifty thousand Rix-dollars.
** Yo dispense with a rule, obligation, require-
ment, etc.
10. To deal administratively with (a law or rule,
ecclesiastical or civil, so as to relax or remit its
penalty or obligation in a special case; to give
special exemption or relief from. :
€ 1380 Wye Sel. Wks. HN. 511 Pe pope may dispence
wib pe reule of ech privat secte o but he may not
dispense wip Cristi t astlis, xgoxr /’ol.
Poems (Rolls) I. y yed him to dispense with
the hardnesse of your order. rg00-20 Dunxuar Lensert
freir 54 He had dispensit with n. 1538
STARKEY
STA
hy land 1. v. 1031
to have such authoryte to
a 1626 Bacon Max. & (
Necessity dispe th
1818 Cruise Diy
ent might dispense ord
he fit. 1827 Hasiam Const. //is!
a 1.. that the king could not
1862 | UGHAS
it of the King to disp
11. To relax the obligation of (a vow,
ge be of God the pope can
1593 Nasne Christ's 7.15, His hu
oth was dispenst with. a@1618 K
kingdoms are there, wherein, } j
absolving subjects from al
wrought innumerable misch
our Was p.
cH (J.),
ing with o; i
e..the popes have not
fs. 1692 WaAsHINGTON tr. A/¢l-
ton's Def. Pop. iv. (1851) 126 Vhere needs no Pope to dis-
pense with the Peoples Oath. 1868 Freeman Nori. Cong.
(1876) IL. vii. 117 The king's vow of pilgrir dis-
pensed with. 1883 Froupe in Contemp. Rev. XLV. 13
A safe-conduct had not saved Huss, and Popes could dis-
pense with promises.
+12. To set aside the obligation, observance, or
practice of (any duty, etc.) ; to disregard. Ods.
1559 Mirr. Mag., Warwick vi, With his fayth he past not
to dispence. 1598 Suaks. Aferry W. 11. i. 47 Hang the
trifle (woman) take the honour: what is it? dispence with
trifles: what is it? 1607 in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. III. 35
To resume that duty which I have so long dispensed with.
1659 B. Harris Jarival’s [ron Age 125 It seems that..men
may dispense with their faith or word given, even upon meer
doubts. 1748 Richarpson Clarissa (1811) VII. 310, I never
knew her dispense with her word, but once.
13. To do away with (a requirement, need, or
necessity) ; to render unnecessary or superfluous.
1576 Freminc Panofl. et 255 {A Translation] short
also, and not tedious, which dispenseth with all maner of
cares and businesse. 1625 Bacon Ess., Ambition (Arb.) 225
The Vse of their Seruice dispenseth with the rest. 1729
Butter Serm. Wks. 1874 II. 111 Guilt or injury .. does not
dispense with or supersede the duty of love and good-will.
1875 F. Hatt in Lippinmott's Mag. XV. 341/1 Familiar
facts dispense with all need to draw on the imagination.
1892 Law Times XCAV. 104/1 The possession given on the
marriage day..dispensed with the necessity of a writing.
14. To excuse or put up with the absence or want
of (a thing or person) ; to forgo, do without. (The
opposite of 16.)
1607 SHAKS. Timon u1. ii. 93 Men must learrie now with
pitty to dispence. 1643 Six T. Browne Kelig. Med. 1. § 3
At the sight of a Crosse or Crucifix I can dispense with my
hat, but scarse with the ae, ae or memory of my Saviour.
1742 Ricnarpson Pamela 111. 325 Won't you, Sir, dispense
with me, on this Occasion? 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge
xii, Let us disp with compli s. 1856 Froupe Hist.
Eng. (1858) 1.1. 68 No genius can dispense with experience.
1874 GrEEN Short //ist. ii. § 8. 105 Resources which enabled
him to dispense with the military support of his tenants.
*#* To dispense with a breach of law, fault,
offence, objectionable matter, etc.
+15. To deal with (a breach of law) so as to
not been wont
Suaxs. Meas.
c Wycur Wks. (1880) 390 Her-to pai ben den ..
per may no man dispense with hem of pat. boonde.
1460 CarGrave Chron. 109 Whan his fader was ded, the
Pope dispensid edde the
ee i Tesae Gentian
vertue.
Fae Recta ol be cleunl te degen wit this little
2
DISPENSELESS.
digression. 1716 A Freeholder No. 43 (Seager) His
religion dispenses with the violation of the most sacred
engagements. Bes é
+16. To deal with indulgently ; to manage with ;
to do with, put up with, Ods. (The exact opposite
of 14: see quot. 1796.)
1g80 Sipney Arcadia v. (1590) 451, I would and could dis-
— with these difficulties. 1660 Woop Life (Oxf. Hist.
) I. 366 Though they lately hated.a square cap, yet now
they could dispense with one. 1665 S1r ‘I. Hersert 7raz.
(1677) 158 Yea, [they] can dispense with Hogs flesh and
account it a dainty. 12703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 130 Some
Trades require a deeper, others may dispence with a shal-
lower — 1755 Cotman & Tuornton in Connoisseur
No. 91? 5 My pantry is stored with more provisions than we
can dispense with. 776 Pecce Anonym. (1809) 460, I can
dispense with it, i. e. L'can do with it; and, I can dispense
with it, i. e. I can do without it.
+ Dispe‘nseless, «. Obs. rare. [See -Less.]
Not subject to dispensation.
1721 Cisser Perol/a 1, Dispenseless Oaths.
Dispenser (dispe'nsa1). Forms: 3-7 despen-
cer, 4-5 despenser, 4-6 dispensour, 5-6 dys-
penser, 6- dispenser. [ME. disfensour, a. AF.
des-, dispensour = OF. despenscor, -eur :—L. dispen-
sator-em, agent-n. from dispensare to dispense.
This has fallen together with AF. & ME. despencer,
-ser, = OF. des- dispensier,=It. dispensiere, Sp.
despensero, Pg. -tero = med.L. dispensarius, f.
late L, dispensa : see DisPENSE sd. and -ER 2 2.]
1. One who dispenses, deals out, bestows, or ad-
ministers.
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 33 They may be founde
the faythfull dyspensers of the sayd graces. in Edin.
Rev. No. 323. 70 The most ordinary carriers and dispensers
of the infection of the plague. 1653 Manton Exf. Fames
vy. 2-3 God gaue us wealth, not that we should be hoarders,
but dispensers. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. //ist. (1776) I. 336 The
air .. as a kind dispenser of light and warmth. 1855 Ma-
cautay //ist. Eng. 111. 554 A dispenser of bribes. 1868
Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) 11. vii. 67 The dispensers of
church patronage.
2. One who manages or administers. a, A
steward of a household. arch.
_ [1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 559 Sir Hue pe Despencer, be noble
ustice.] ¢1380 Wyciir Serv. Sel. Wks. I], 229 Men axe
Vac a man be found trewe amongis dispensours of an house.
c 1400 MaunpevV. (1839) xi. 123 Helizeus..pat was 30man &
despenser of Abraham before pat Ysaac was born.
Furke Agst. Allen 112(T.) Christ's embassadours, ministers,
and dispensers. 1605 CaMDEN Kem. (1637) 246 Turstane the
kings steward, or Le Despencer, as they then called him.
1626 L. Owen Renuning Register 3 The vnder-Officers of
the Colledge, as the Despencer, Cooke, Butler, Baker [etc. }.
1867 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) I, vi. 512 Eadric his dis-
yenser. 31880 MurrHeap Gaius 1. § 122 Those slaves who
ad charge of their owner's money were called dispensers.
b, An administrator of the law, of authority, etc.
1654 State Case Commew. 24 Where law is dispensed there
should .. be a ready passage to redress against the dispen-
sers. 182§ CoLceripGE Ards Reff. (1848) I. 111 The dis-
penser of his particular decrees. 1875 KiINGLAKE Crimea
(1877) V. i. 14 Never did he convince the dispensers of
military authority. 1884 Law Times 1 Mar. 314/2 The
stern majesty of the law of which he is the dispenser.
3. One who makes up medical prescriptions and
serves out medicines,
1858 Simmonps Dict. Trade, Dispenser, one who dis-
tributes or administers ; usually applied to medicines. 1861
Wynter Soc. Bees 455 A dispenser who could not stop in
the room with an unstoppered bottle of ipecachuana. 1885
Pall Mall G, 31 Dec. 5/1 The old saying that ‘chemists
and dispensers make eleven pence three farthings profit out
of every shilling they earn’,
4. One who dispenses with, or gives a dispensa-
tion to (a person or thing).
1604 Constit. & Canons Eccles. § 118 Such dalliers and
——— with their own consciences and oaths,
ence Dispe‘nsership, the office of a dispenser
(of medicine).
1891 Lancet 3 Oct., Dispensership (out-door) wanted by
young man.
+Dispe‘nsible, a. Os. [repr. L. type *dfs-
pensibilts, f. ppl. stem of dispendére: see DisrEND.]
= DISPENSABLE I, 2. 3
1661 Petit. for Feace 5 Things dispensible, and. .unneces-
sary. 1688 Sir E. Herserr //ades’ Case 22 If any Penal
Laws were. .less Dispensible than others. 1689 W. Arwoop
Ld. Herbert's Acc, Examined 51 He makes all things not
forbid 4 God's Law to be dispensible by the xin, 1766
Amory Buncle (2770) IV. 19 Every rule is dispensible, and
must, give way when it defeats the end for which it was
appointed,
Hence + Dispe‘nsibly adv.
1711 Peace in Divinity 15 There is a keeping them [the
Commandments] —— and indispensably, which is the
Condition of the Law; and a keeping them sincerely and
——— with the Relaxation of that Severity, thro’
Faith in Christ, which is the Condition of the Gospel.
Dispe-nsil, var. of Derencit v. Obs.
1631 Weever Anc. Fun, Mon. 133 Sentences of Scripture
appointed to be painted or dispensild in euery Church.
, vbl. sb. [f. DISPENSE v. + -1NG!.]
The action of the verb DIsPENSE, in various senses:
dealing out, distribution, bestowal; administra-
tion, management ; dispensation; the making up
of medicine according to prescription.
€ 1380 Wycur Wks. ge 67 As id it were not leful to do
profit to mennus soulis wib-out dispensynge of anticrist.
1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke xvi. (R.), My Lorde..
484
taketh awai from me the power and office any
the dispensing of his goodes. 1608 Hizron . 1. 748/2
The faithfull dispensing of Thy truth. Mitton Divorce
1. v. (1851) 75 It is a fond per ion .. that dispencing is
paceee! —— Sir ~ HeErpert — — = Acknow-
ging this power of Dispensing to in ing.
Swirt Reasons agst. Exam. Drugs Wks. 1755 IIL, 1. |
The power. .lodged in the censors of the cobs of physi-
cians to restrain any of his majesty’s subjects dispens-
ing. 1727 Pore 7h. on Var. Subj. in Swift's Wks. (7755)
II. 1. 225 The choice of ladies .. in the dispensing of their
favours. 1856 F. E. Pacer Ow/et Owlst. 106 Is not ..
Sparrowgrass too liberal in her own dispensings?
b. attrib. Dispensing power, the power of
dispensing with or suspending the laws of church
or state in special cases.
1621 Lp. WittiaMs in Fortesc. Papers 166 This disp
DISPERSE.
1577 Frampton Joyful Newes u. I desert or
was \. 174°
Bive eid. (Re) Endless .. -- From ail the wide
peopled country row 1844 HIRLWALL Greece .
peopled city was placed .. at the disposal
Argos.
Dispeo'pler. [f. prec. vb.+-2n1.] One who
or that which dispeoples; a depopulator.
1616 Breton Good & Badde 2 Hee is a Dispeopler of his
Kingdome. 1711 Gay Rural Sports 1. g Nor troll for
pikes, dispeop! lers of the lake. 1s Statius’
Thebaid 1x. 264 ‘The stern Dispeopler of the Plains.
Dispeopling, vbl. sb. [f. as prec. + -ING},]
power were more fitly placed in his Highnes. 173% Swirt
Presbyt. Plea Merit Wks. (1761) IIL. 275 The King .. en-
couraged by his Presbyterian friends, went on with his
dispensing power. 1856 Froupe //ist. Eng. (1858) I. ii. 135
The dispensing power of the popes was not formally limited.
1874 GREEN Short Hist. ix. § 3-622 His bill to vest a dis-
pensing power in the Crown had been defeated.
Dispensing, ///.a. [f. as prec. + -ING2.]
That dispenses : see the verb.
1642 Rocers Naaman 554 The swarme of Pharisees and
dispensing hypocrites. 1816 J. Scorr Vis. Paris (ed. 5)
168 That they should come down .. from the hands of a
dispensing despotism. Mod. Take the recipe to a dis-
pensing chemist.
Hence Dispe’nsingly
manner}; distributively.
a 1641 Br. Mountacu Acts & Mon. (1642) 117 God is rich
in all things towards man, and... cannot but dispensingly
under one word sometime imply diverse things.
+ Dispe‘nsion. 0¢s. [n. of action from Dis-
PEND: ef. OF, despension expense (Godef.).] *
1. Spending ; expenditure.
1630 Lennarp tr. Charron's Wisd. 1. xxi. § 1 (1670) 75
Their dispensions themselves. .have a scent of Covetousness,
1684 N.S. Crit. Eng. Edit. Bible xxv. 231 With what noyse,
bustle, and dispension the diversities of Bibles came ac-
companied into England. F
2. Suspension of a Jaw; dispensation.
1483 Cron. Eng. (1510) Xvb/r lohn.. wedded dame
Blaunche .. by dyspencyon of the pope. 1502 ARNOLDE
Chron. (1811) 82 To sue to y’ kynges grace for a dispencion
of the acte of parlement late made to the contrarie.
+ Dispe‘nsive, a. Ols. [f. L. dispens- ppl.
stem of dispendére (see DISPEND) + -1VE.]
1. Characterized by or given to dispensing, spend-
ing, or distributing.
1627-47 FetHam Kesolves 1. liii. 167 To strow about the
wealth and means, and to feed that dispensive humour.
1677 Crowne Destr, Ferus. ut. i, Dram. Wks. 1873 II. 270
‘This tempest comes from Heaven's dispensive hand.
2. Subject to dispensation.
1590 Martowe 2nd Pt. Tamburl. u. i, "Tis superstition
To stand so strictly on dispensive faith.
3. =DISPENSATIVE, DISPENSATORY.
1828 Westm. Rev. 1X.7 In 1671 the king began to assume
his dispensive power.
Dispent, pa. t. and pple. of DisPEND.
Dispeople (disp7p'l),v. [ad. OF. despeupler,
mod.F. dépeupler (1364 in Hatzf.) = Sp. despoblar,
Pr. despovoar, It. dis-, dipopolare, Romanic forma-
tion from des-, L. dis-, Dis- 4 + Populus people,
parallel to L. dépopulare (used in med.L. in same
sense): cf. DEPoPULATE, In sense 3 f. Dis- 7 b+
Peor.eE sd.]
1. trans. To deprive wholly or partially of people
or inhabitants ; = DEPOPULATE 2.
1490 Caxton Eneydos xviii. 69 My cytee shalle be dis-
peopled. 1962 Puarr ‘2neid vin. Sein And voyde of
tilmen wide dispeoplyng spoyle the shyres. 1649 Buitne
Eng. Improv. Impr, xiii, 165393 Some cruell Lord. .could
. .dispeople a whole parish, and send many soules a good-
ing. 1709 tr. Baltus' Answ. Hist. Oracles 114 Cities [were
seen] to dispeople themselves every Year—to obey these
Impostors. 1855 Mitman Lat, Chr. VI. 250 They thought
it but compliance with the Divine command to dispeople
the land of the Philistines, the Edomites, and the Moabites.
absol. 602 Warner Ald. Eng. Epit. ej 368 Without
ee yllaging and dispeopling by sea and shore, 1859
_F. Burton Centr. Afr. in Frni. Geogr. Soc. XXIX. 352
Their only ambition is to dispeople and destroy. :
b. éransf. and fig. To deprive of animated in-
habitants, tenants, or constituents.
1632 Ranvotrn Yealous Lovers u. ii. Wks. (1875) 92 We
will di ple all the el To please our palates.
Pore Windsor For. 47 And Kings..Who claim'd the skies,
dispeopled air and floods. 1777 Gamblers 8 The —
wood oe of its trees, 1890 Daily News 29 meapy, |
The whole [fish] breed is ruined, and the water dispeopled.
+2. To exterminate (people). Ods.
1596 J. Norven Progr. Pietie (1847) 4 To cut us off and
to dispeople us. 1643 Oath Pacif. 10 Ireland hath seene
more than two hundred thousand Families of Brittish
Protestants dispeopled and massacred. 3
+38. [D1s- 7 b.] To cast out or cut off from being
a poe e. Obs.
1633 P. Frercuer Purple Isl. vi. vii, When no rebellious
crimes That God-like nation yet dispeopled. Bur-
roucues Exp. Hosea iv. (1652) 67 The people of God..when
they are dispeopled they are cast off from this their privi-
lege. 1687 Reason of Toleration 17 Traps and
dis-People the Nation.
Hence Dispeo'pled #/. a., deprived of people
or inhabitants, depop in ited
adv., in a dispensing
Snares to
Depopulation ; extermination of le.
1529 More soa Soulys Wks. 311/1 The dispepling of
hys real B t Lett. conc. Italy 4 How such
a dispeopling, and such a poverty could befall a Nation.
|| Di e, despe'ple, v. Obs. rare. [a.
AF, * per -pucpler, OF. despeupleer, -pue-
pleer, f. des-, Dis- 1+ OF. peupleer, puepleer, \ater
feuplier to make public, publish, f. —— people. ]
trans. To publish, promulgate publicly.
1297 R. Guouc. (1724) 517 (1. 10649) Pere pis gode lawes hii
coupe lede al aboute. /did. 568 (11966) Pere it was des-
pepled, be edit ywis, pat was pe ban of Kenigwurpe.
psy, obs. var. of DYSPEPSY.
Di'sper. Winchester Coll. slang. Also dispar.
dee ow of food.
1841 Howrrt Visits Remark. Places (1882)201 The scholars
[at Winchester] give the name of disfer's to their breakfasts,
suppers and lunchiofis. 184 ALLIWELL, Dispar ..a
commons or share. North. 1870 Mansrietp Sch,-Life
Winchester Coll. 84 (Farmer s. v. Cat's Head) [The dinner]
was divided into portions (Dispars); there were .. six of
these to a shoulder, and eight toa leg of mutton. a.
Wrencu Winchester Word-bk., Dispers are thus di :
—Fat flab, Fleshy, Cat's head, Long disper, Middle cut,
Rack, Cut.
Disperance, -ate, etc. obs. ff. DESPERANCE, etc.
Dispercle, obs. form of DISPARKLE. ;
+ Disperdition. 0és. [ad. L. disperdition-em
n. of action from disferdére to destroy, spoil, ruin,
f. Dis- 5 + perdére to destroy. Cf. OF. desperdt-
tion (mod. ¥. dép-), Sp. desperdicion.]
1623 CockeraM, Disperi ition, an yndoing.
+ Disperge, v. Obs. [ad. L: désperg-ére to
scatter, disperse, f. di-, Di-1=Dis- 1 + spargére
to strew; cf. OF. disperger.] = DISPERSE v.
1530 Comfpend. Treat. (1863) 59 Tobye saithe, chap. xiii,
that God disperged [ 7 odit xiii. 4 Viudg., Dispersit vos inter
gentes, snr hath scattered]. 1657 Tomiinson Renou's Disp.
436 Bubbles and lumps which by touching are disperged.
Dispergement, obs. form of DISPARAGEMENT.
+ Dispe‘rish, persh, v. Obs. [ad. OF. des-
perir, desperiss-, ad. L. disperire, f. Dis- 5 + perire
to perish.] zr. To perish utterly,
1382 Wycur ¥udith vi. 3 Al Irael with thee shal dis-
pershen in perdicioun (388 i
thee in perdicioun). — W
vnkinde as cold ijs shal flowen, and i
disperiet] as watir ouer voide. — Lam. v. 18 For t
mount of Sion, for it disperisht.
Dispermatous (deispsumites), a. Bot. Tf
D1-2 twice + Gr. owéppa(r- seed + -ous.] Having
two seeds; dispermous. y
1851-60 Mayne Exfos. Lex. s.v. Dispermatus, Having
two seeds; two-seeded ; dispermatous.
Dispe'rmous. a. Bot. [f. as prec.] =prec.
fr aitey vol. 11, Disfermos (with Botanists) is us'd
of Plants, which bear two seeds after each Flower.) os
Jas. pana ha Sg oe. a 3 with a dis-
rmous Fruit. 1819 /’anfologia, Disfermous. .containing
Toe seeds only, as i wnbeliaen and stellate plants.
+Dispe'rn, v. Ols. rare. [ad. rare L. dispern-
ére, f, Di-1=Dis- 1 + spernére to remove, reject,
spurn.] ‘rans. To drive away, dispel.
1g00-20 Dunsar Poems Ixxxv. 7 Our tern inferne for to
di Helpe rialest rosyne.
Disperple, var. form of DisparPLe v. Obs.
‘rsable, a. rare. [f. DisPERsE v. +
-ABLE.] Capable of being dispersed.
31827 Examiner 353/1 ‘The Collective Wisdom would be
dispersable (if we may be allowed the coinage) by a very
easy process.
ispersal (dispsusil). [f, Disrerse v. +-AL.]
The action of dispersing ; = D1sPERsion.
18ax Examiner 15/1 Di of the Dublin meeting by
military force. 1833 New Monthly ro XXXVIIL. 160
The ph we ish, and we rejoice in their dispersal.
1063 Bares Nat. Amazon i, (1864) 17 Of vast importance
to the dispersal and q ty of the species.
C. Dixon in Fortn. Rev. Apr. 640 Next to the question
Origin of Species, there is. .that of their Geographical
| over the globe,
+ ‘rse, ppl.a. Obs. Also 6 dispers.
[a. OF, déspers, -pars Go Godet, ad. L. dispers-us,
pa. pple.: see next.] Dispersed, scattered about.
1393 Gower Con/. II. 177 Thus was dispers in sondry wise
The misbeleve. /bid. 1. 185 They liven oute of goddes
race, Dispers in alle londes oute. Dovcias Pal.
From. ts 346 An that desert dispers in skatterit.
Disperse (disp5'1s), v. Forms: 5 dysparse,
6 disparse, -pearse, 7 -pearce, -pierce, 6-
disperse. [a. F. désperse-r (15th c.), f. dispers,
ad. L. désfers-us, pa. pple. of dispergire to scatter,
f. Di-', Dis- 1 + spargére to peal, strew.]
oft
Dis
DISPERSE.
1. trans. To cause to separate in different direc-
tions; to throw or drive about in all directions, to
scatter; to rout. i
1450-1530 AZy7'r. our Ladye 161 He hathe dysparsed the
prowde Bens wylle of thy harte.. An hooste that ys dys-
parsed ys not myghty to fyghte, right so the prowde fendes
are dysparsed by the passyon of oure lorde Iesu cryste.
1503-4 Act 19 Hen. V//, c. 34. Preamb., They were ren-
countered, vaynquesshed, dispersed. 1581 Marpeck Bk. of
Notes 287 It must needes be Philip the Deacon, that was
dispearsed with the rest, & came to Samaria. 1654 tr.
Scudery'’s Curia Pol. 82 Such a Fire as cannot be extin-
guisht, is better to be dispersed. did. 102 The Victors are
so ene, and the subdued Enemies so afflicted and
dispierced. “1758 A. Rerp tr. A/acguer's Chem. I. 51 ‘Ihe
precipitate..exposed to a certain degree of heat, is instantly
dispersed into the air, with a most violent explosion. 1799
Worpswortn Lucy Gray vii, Her feet disperse the powdery
snow, That rises up like smoke. 1887 Sfectator 16 Apr. 532/1
Reform meetings were dispersed by charges of Dragoons.
b. zur. To be driven or fly asunder.
1665 Hooke AZicrogr. 33 These [Rupert’s drops] dispersed
every way so violently, that some of them pierced my skin.
. trans, To send off or cause to go in different
directions ; to send to, or station apart at, various
points. Esp. in fa. pfle.: see DISPERSED.
1529 More Com/. agst. Trib, ut. Wks. 1212/1 He taketh
the whole people awai, disparsing them for slaues among
many sundry countreys. 1591 //on. Act. E. Glemham,
Dispearsing sundrye Sentronels, for watche, farre from the
Campe, diuers wayes. 1614 RAvricH //ist. World u. v.
§ 9. 308 Those they saved, and disperst Laeag Sisters
them among the children of Israel to serve them. 1698
Fryer Acc. £. India § P, 125 Made me range for Game,
and disperse my Servants for Provant. 1744 Harris Three
Treat. ut. 1. (1765) 153 That a Portion of every thing may
be dispersed throughout all. 1872 Yeats Zechn. Hist.
Comm. 55 They are now dispersed throughout the museums
of Europe.
b. vefl. To spread in scattered order.
1593 Suakxs. 2 Hen. VJ, v. i. 45 Souldiers, I thanke you
all: disperse your selues. 1684 Contempl. State of Mani.
x. (1699) 116 Locusts .. shall disperse themselves over the
Face of the whole Earth. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 1. 281
About twenty families .. dispersed themselves in various
parts of Pennsylvania. 1886 A. WincHELL Walks & Talks
Geol. Field 286 These primitive Mongoloids..had dispersed
themselves over America.
ce. intr. (for ref.) To%eparate, go different ways.
@ 1672 Woop Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) I. 385 Sir Thomas ..
desired them to disperse, and not to accompany him. 1718
Freethinker No. 68. ® 1 The gay Assemblies meet, and dis-
perse, with the Parliament. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. 1.
xvi. 190, I gave orders to abandon the sledge, and disperse
in search of foot-marks. 1874 Micktetnwaire J/od. Par.
Churches 217 ‘The congregation is dispersing. 1874 GREEN
Short Hist. v. § 4. 246 The mass of the insurgents dispersed
quietly to their homes.
+ 3. ¢rans. To separate into parts; to part, di-
vide, dispart. Ods.
1548 Hatt Chron., Rich. III, (an. 3) 39 Thynkynge yt not
+» beneficiall to disparse and devyde his greate armye into
small branches. 1556 J. Heywoop Spider § F. 1x. 33 The
flieing ant .. dispersth his nature, in two natures throwne
..A creper with spiders, and a flier with flise. 1600 J. Pory
tr. Leo's Africa 1. 2 Europe is of a more .. manifolde shape,
being in sundry places dispersed and restrained by the sea.
4. To distribute from a main source or centre.
1555 Epren Decades 326 The veynes of bludde are dis-
parsed in the bodies of lyuing beastes. 1 T.B. La
Primaud, Fr. Acad. 1. 361 Conduites whereby the water
is brought thither and dispersed in all places thereof. a 1626
Bacon (J.), In the gate vein which disperseth that blood.
— Power Exp. Philos. 1. 5 Wings. .with black thick ribs
or fibers, dispers’d and branch’d through them.
b. To distribute, put into circulation (books,
coins, articles of commerce) ; to give currency to.
1555 Even Decades 51 Which is nowe printed and dis-
persed throwghowte Christendome. /ééd. 176 The double
ducades whiche yowre maiestie haue caused to bee coyned,
and_ are disparsed throughowte the hole worlde. ~ 1600
J. Pory tr. Leo’s Africa 1. 54 The cloth whereof is dis-
gery along the coast of Africa. 1693 Col. Rec. Pennsylv.
. 386 Wee of the Jurie doe find Charles Butler guiltie of
dispersing bad monie. 1709 Strype Aux. Ref 1. xi. 136 A
paper of questions that was. . privately dispersed. 1838-9
Act 2-3 Vict, c. 12. § 2 in Oxf. §& Camb. Enactm. 177 [Any]
paper or book .. meant to be published or diapered
+5. To make known abroad; to publish. Ods.
1548 Hat Chron., Hen. V, (an. 3) 49 Your strength and
vertue shalbe spred and dispersed through the whole world,
1612 tr. Benvenuto's Passenger, To Rdr. Aiij, By their
owne diuulged and dispersed ignominie. 1624 B. Jonson
Masques, Neptune's Triumph (Stage-direction at beg.),
The aoe entering on the stage, to disperse the argument,
is called to by the ‘Master-Cook.
6. To spread abroad or about; to diffuse, dis-
seminate.
1576 Freminc Panofi. Epist. 308 If happly other diseases
disperse their infecting properties. 1641 Sir E, Nicuoras
in NV, Papers (Camden) 37 ‘The sicknes and small pox is
very much dispersed in Westminster and London. 1715
Desacutiers Fires Impr. 4 To disperse the Heat so uni-
formly. 1782 Burney Hist. Mus. (1789) I. i. 10 A practice
.. thence dispersed into all parts of the Christian world.
31838 Jas. Mitt Brit. /ndia 111. ii. 69 Complaints were now
industriously raised and dispersed.
b. refi.
1592 Suaks. Rom. § Fud. v. i. 61 Let me haue A dram of
po bag .. As will disperse it selfe through all the veines.
Hooxe Microgr. 16 Water put into wine ., or the
like, does immediate y .. disperse it self all over them,
+c. zntr. (for reff.) To extend, be diffused.
1591 Syivester Du Bartas 1. vii. 256 Th’ Almighties care
diuersely disperse Ore all the parts of all this Vniuerse.
485
7. trans. To dissipate; to remove, dispel, cause
to disappear (vapours, humours, trouble, etc.).
1563 W. Furke A/eteors (1640) 24b, If the Exhalation
[thunder] .. doe not at the first disperse it [the cloud], it
maketh a.. fearefull rumbling. 1590 Srenser /. Q. 1. ix.
48 All his manly powres it did disperse, As he were charmed
with inchaunted rimes. 1gg0*Suaks. Com. Err. 1. i. go At
length the sonne .. Disperst those vapours that offended vs.
1726 SHetvocke Voy, round World (1757) 133, I said all that
I could. .to disperse the melancholy which was fixed in every
countenance, 1760-72 tr. Yuan § Ulloa’s Voy. (ed. 3) 1.
342, When a tempest appeared brooding in the air, the
tolling of the bell dispersed it. 1804 ABERNETHY S72. Obs.
61 [Lhe tumour] increased, notwithstanding applications
that were employed to disperse it.
b. intr. To become dissipated.
1591 Suaks. 1 Hen, VJ,1. ii. 135 Glory is like a Circle in
the Water, Which neuer ceaseth to enlarge it selfe, Till
by broad spreading, it disperse to naught, 1816 KEaTINGE
Trav. (1817) II. 100 At length the thick cloud of dust dis-
persed. 1887 Bowen Virg. Eclog. vu. 14 Hardly. .had the
night's chill shadow dispersed. <
. trans. Optics, Of arefractive medium ; To open
out or scatter (rays of light) : see DIsrERSION 4.
(1627 Drayton Agincourt, etc. 197 In a burning Glasse. .
that colour doth dispierce the light, and stands vntainted. }
1654 WHITLOCK Zootomia 220 ‘The Rayes that dispersed
will scarce warme, collected may burne. 1665 Hookr
Microgr. 69 By reason of .. its Globular Figure, the Rays
that pass through it will be dispers’d. 1812-16 J. Smirit
Panorama Sc. & Art 1. 503 Concave lenses disperse the
rays of light. 1868 Lockyer Alem, Astron. vi. § 36 (1879)
211 Different media .. disperse or open out the light to
a greater or less extent.
Dispersed (disps-1st, Aoe?. -sed), ppl. a. [f.
prec. + -ED1,] Scattered or spread about ; driven
asunder ; diffused.
1526 Piler. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 167 The mynde y¢* is
dispersed in the waueryng consideracion of many thynges
at that time whan it sholde be specially occupyed about one
thyng. 1535 CoverpaLe Jsa. xi. 12 He shal .. gather to-
gether y° dispersed of Israel. a@1ggz Greene Looking
Glasse Wks. (Rtldg.) 142 Come, mournful dames, lay off
your broider’d locks, And on your shoulders spread dis-
persed hairs. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. ii. § 9. 13 Many
worthy personages that deserue better than dispersed re-
port. 1765 H. WaLroLe Otranto iii. (1798) 62 ‘The new
proof of .. valour, recalled her dispersed spirits. 1855
Macautay Hist. Eng. lV. 272 Before William. .had brought
together his dispersed forces.
b. with reference mainly to situation.
@1547 SuRREY Zneid 1. (R.), The watchmen lay disperst
to take their rest. 1553 T. Witson hes. (1580) 176 You
shall praie for all menne, dispersed throughout the face of
the yearth. 1697 Damrier Voy. I. 140 With a few small
Rivers dispers’d up and down, 1756 C. Lucas ss. Waters
I. 150 Both .. are plentifully dispersed throughout the
creation. 1862 Lp. Broucuam Brit. Const. v. 73 A country
of which the population is very unequally dispersed.
Dispersedly (dispa-sedli), adv. [-Ly2.] In
a dispersed or scattered manner}; here and there.
1561 Even Arte Nauig. Pref.,Whiche perhappes fewe haue
done otherwyse then dispearsedly here and there. 1597-8
Act 39 Eliz. c. 25. § 1 The same Vyllages .. ly disperscdiie
1663 CowLey Greatness Verses & Ess. (1669) 125 ‘The other
many inconveniences of grandeur I have spoken of dis-
perstly in severall Chapters. 1727 Brap.ey Kam. Dict.s.v.
Afple, It's a'Tree that may be planted dispersedly about
your Ground. 1847 Harpy in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club 11.
No. 5. 251 Disk convex .. dispersedly punctulate. 1870
Lowe. Chaucer Pr. Wks. 1890 III. 325 Their incidents
enter dispersedly, as the old stage directions used to say.
Dispe‘rsedness. [f. as prec. +-Ness.] The
condition or state of being dispersed or scattered ;
scattered condition or position.
1571 GoLpinG Calvin on Ps. xiii. 1 They referre to their
present dispersednesse. 1652-62 HEYLINn Cosmogr. 1v. (1682)
50 The dispersedness of the Towns and habitations. 1727
in Baitey vol. II ; and in later Dicts.
+Dispe‘rseness. Oés. [f. Dispense a. +
-NESS.] = DISPERSEDNESS,
1612 BrErEwoop Lang. §& Relig. x. 88 A libbards skin, the
distance of whose spots represent the dispersness of habita-
tions or towns in Africk.
Disperser (disp5-1so1). [f. DispeRsEv. + -ER!.]
One who or that which disperses.
1580 Hottysanp 77eas. /'. Tong, Dissipateur, a disperser
or scatterer abroad. 1588 in Fuller C/. /Vist. 1x. vil. § 27
The dispersers of the several Libels. 1611 Biste Mahon
ii, x He that dasheth in pieces [sargin, the disperser ov
hammer]. 1722 De For Plague (Rtidg.) 39 To suppress
the Printing of such Books .. and to frighten the dispersers
ofthem. 1867 Mitt /xaug. Addr. 27 Logic is the great dis-
perser of hazy and confused thinking. 1876 S. A. WyLiir
in Encycl. Brit, w. 269/1 (Brewing) Kiln-drying, An iron
or stone plate, 4 or 5 feet square, called the disperser, is
placed over each fire to disperse the heat.
Dispe'rsing, v/. sb. [f. as prec. + -ING1.]
The action of the vb. DisPERSE: dispersion,
1604 Hieron Wks. I. 523 There must be a disposing and
a_dispersing of the seed with the hand, 1607 TorseLt
Four-f. Beasts (1658) 104 The powder of the bones burned,
is an antidote against the falling evill, and the dispersing of
the milt. 1670 Mitton His’. Eng. 1. (1851) 3 After the
Flood, and the dispersing of Nations. 1859 Masson M/i/ton
I, 679 This meeting and dispersing cannot go on for ever !
Dispersion (dispd:1fon). Also 5 -cioune, 6
-tion. [a. F. despersion (disparcion 13th c. in
Hatz.-Darm.), or ad. L. déspersién-em scattering,
n. of action f. dispergére: see DISPERSE v.]
1. The action of dispersing or scattering abroad ;
the condition or state of being dispersed; scatter-
ing, distribution, circulation.
DISPERSON.
Early applied to the scattering of the Jews among the
Gentiles after the Babylonian Captivity ; whence sense 5.
¢1480 Alirour Saluacioun 3635 The Jewes yt tyme hadde
bene thorgh the werlde in dispersionne. 1555 EpeN Decades
266 In the fyrst dispertion of nations, 1656 Brn Isrart.
Vind, Fudvorum in Phenix (1708) 11. 423, I conceiv’d that
our universal Dispersion was a necessary Circumstance to
be fulfil’d. 1786 Burke HW’. Hastings Wks. 1842 I1. 180
‘The dispersion and exile of the reigning family. 1793 77iaZ
I'yshe Palmer 22 The alleged dispersion of a
writing. 1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot. 929 ‘Vhe speci,
organisation which effect the dispersion. of their seeds.
Jig. €1450 tr. De Imitatione 1. xx, What comep perof
but grucching of conscience & dispersion of herte ? ;
2. The action of diffusing or spreading ; diffusion.
1664 Power £xf. Philos. 1, 29 That all Vegetables have
aconstant perspiration, the continual dispersion of their
odour makes out. 1794 SuLLivan | few Nat. 11. 36 When
the natural dispersion of heat is disturbed .. then a sensible
heat is produced. 1874 HartwiG Aervad IN ii. 21 By this
means is also gradually effected the dispersion of all gases.
3. Aled, ‘The removal of inflammation, suppura-
tion, or other morbid processes, from a part, and
restoration to health’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.) ; dissipation.
1753 Cuampers Cred. Supp. s.v., This is commonly term’d
in surgery the resolution or dispersion of tumors. /颢.,
Remedies for the dispersion of inflammations. 1789 W.
Bucuan Dow. Aled. (1790) 573 An inflammation. .must ter-
minate either by dispersion, suppuration, or gangrene.
4. Optics. The divergence or spreading of the
different-coloured rays of a beam of composite
light when refracted by a prism or lens, or when
Cciffracted, so as to produce a spectrum: esf, in
cl, Point of Dispersion, is a point
-gin to diverge. 1794G. ADAMS
<li. 447 This diffusion or disy
sion of the rays is greater. 1833 N. Arnorr /’/ysics ved. 5)
II. 199 ‘The quality of .. bending a beam, or of refracti
and that of dividing it into coloured beams, or cf dispersion,
are distinct, 1872 tr. Schedlen’s Spectr. Anal. § 18.63 The
decomposition of white light into its colored rays is called
dispersion. 188r N. Lockyer in Nature No. 617. 399 [The
lines] are. . visible when considerable dispersion is employed.
5. The Dispersion: The Jews dispersed among
the Gentiles after the Babylonian Captivity ; the
scattered communities of Jews in general, or the
communities in some single country, as ¢he Ligyf-
tian Dispersion; =DIASPora,
4382 Wyctir x /'et. i, 1 ‘Vo the chosen gestis of disper-
sioun [g@ or scateringe abroad], c1q4g0 St. Cuthbert
(Surtees) 3781 Of ysrael pe dispercioune he gadird samen
fra strete and toune. 1582 N. ‘I’. (Rhem.) Yodx vii. 35 Wil
he goe into the dispérsion of the Gentiles, and teach the
Gentiles? 1641 Evetyn J/em. (1857) I. 30 Transported ..
to all the desolate ports and havens throughout the world,
wherever the dispersion was, to convey their brethren and
tribes to the Holy City, 1880 J. E. Carrenrer tr. £vadd's
fist. Israel V. 4 The ‘Coasts of the Sea’... are now {as in
the eighth century) mentioned as a residence of the Disper-
sion, 1893 SmitH & Futier Dict. Bible s.v., The African
Dispersion .. preserved their veneration for the ‘holy city’.
6. Law of dispersion: The ‘Law of Error’ as
regards distance from the mark without reference
to the direction of error.
1876 Catal. Sci. App. S. Kens. Mus. § 48 Testing how far
the relative numbers in the several classes accord with the
results of the Law of Error or Dispersion. /é/d. § 49 ‘The
well-known bell-shaped curve, by which the law of error or
of dispersion is mathematically expressed.
7. attrib.
1891 7 tes 28 Sept. 13/6 By an appropriate choice of dis-
persion lenses. .
Dispersive (dispsasiv), a. [f. L. type desper-
siv-us, ppl. stem of déspergére to disperse: see
Ive. Cf. F. dispersif, -zve.]
Having the character or quality of dispersing;
serving or tending to disperse.
1627-77 Fevruam Resolves 1. liii. 84 A fond popularity be-
witches the soul, to strow about the wealth, and means ;
and, to feed that dispersive humor, all ways shall be trodden.
1737 M. Green Spleen 730 Nor wanting the dispersive bowl
Of cloudy weather in the soul. 1800 Herscnet in Phil. _
Trans. XC. 443 The dispersive power of different mediums
with respect to heat. 1874 Mortey Compromise (1886) 133
Thought has become dispersive and the centrifugal forces
of the human mind. .have. .become dominant. ;
b. Optics. Of a refractive medium : Having the
quality of causing the different-coloured rays of
light to diverge: see DISPERSION 4. :
1802 Wo.taston in PAzl. Trans. XCII. 373 The disper-
sive power of fluor spar is the least of any substance yet
examined. 1831 Brewster Oféics viii. § 66 Flint glass is
said to have a greater dispersive power than crown glass,
because .. it separates the extreme vere of the spectrum ..
farther from the mean ray. 1893 Sir R. BALL Story of Sux
113 The dispersive apparatus of the spectroscope. |
Hence Dispe‘rsively adv., in a dispersive man-
ner, by dispersion; Dispe-rsiveness, the quality
of being dispersive.
1841 Atrorp in Life (1873) 133 An indolence and_dis-
rsiveness about my efforts. 1878 Mortry Diderot ii. 18
he characteristic of his activity is dispersiveness.
+ Dispe'rson, v. Obs. Sc. and north. [ad.
med.L. dispersonare var. of dépersonare to deprive
any one of his Zersona or dignity, f. Dis- 4 + per-
sonare to dignify, persona person, dignity. Cf. M1s-
PERSON.] vans. To treat with indignity, insult.
ay o Alexander 746 For spyte he spittis in his face
Dispises him despetously, dispersons [Dudd. MS. revylez’
him foule. 1489 Bureh Recds. Aberdeen (1844) 1. 416
Y
Nat. & Exp. Philos. U1.
DISPERSONALIZE.
William Porter was convikit. .for the strublance of the said
bailze in the execucione of his office, and in dispersoning of
him. 1579-80 Burgh Recds. Glasgow (1876) 1. 77 George
Herbertson is fund and decernit..in the wrong for incurring
and dispersoning of George Elphinstone. -
Dispe'rsonalize, v. [Dis- 6.]
divest of personality, to depersonalize.
1866 Lowett Biglow P. Introd. Poet. Wks. (1879) 251 He
would have enabled me to dispersonalize [Poems 1890, 11.
209 depersonalize] myself into a vicarious egotism. 1886
Maupstey Nat. Causes 302 Man is only qualified to be
immortal when, béing dispersonalized, extinct as a self,
it is all one whatever the event.
Dispersonate (dispd-ssbne't), 7. [f. Dis-6 +
L. persona mask, person + -ATE3.]
+1. trans. To divest of an assumed character, to
unmask. Ods.
1624 Botton Nero 233 To behold any person, according
to the truth of his qualities, distinctly, and dispersonated.
2. To divest of one’s personality.
1702 S. Parker tr. Cicero's De Finibus 304 ‘Till a Man
has got a way of Dispersonating himself, he cannot avoid
hankering after those Things which will turn to Advantage
and good account, 1827-38 Hane Guesses (1859) 96 We
multiply, we dispersonate ourselves: we turn ourselves
outside in. We are ready to become fe, she, it, they,
anything rather than J.
Dispersonify (dispoisp'nifai), v. [Dis- 6.]
trans. To undo the personification of; to repre-
sent or regard as impersonal.
1846 GrorE Greece 1. xvi. I. 467 Anaxagoras and other
astronomers incurred the charge of blasphemy for disper-
sonifying Hélios. 185§ Setss German Liter. (1864) 182
Others, on the contrary, dispersonified the Divinity.
Ilence Disperso:nifica’tion, the action of dis-
personifying.
1873 H. Spencer Stud. Sociol. xvi. (1874) 392 The disper-
sonification of Hélios.
| Diaporens ym. Obs. nonce-wd, [Dib- 9.]
Want of persuasion or feeling of certainty.
1648 SANDERSON Sermt. (1653) 23 Many a good soul. .could
never yet .. be so well persuaded of the sincerity of his own
repentance ., as to think that God would .. accept it. The
censure were very hard..to call such his dis-perswasion by
the name of despair.
Dispe’sh, Sc. var. of DESPECHE, Oés., to dis-
patch, send away.
3578 in Scot. Poems 16th C. Il. 159.
+ Dispester, v. Ols. [ad. obs. F. desfestrer
‘to vnpester, disintangle’ (Cotgr.) : see D1s- 4 and
Pester v.) ¢rans. To rid of that which pesters,
1600 Hoitanp Livy xu. Ixvi. 1155 Hardly and with much
adoe were they dispestered and rid of this confused and
disordered companie of captives.
Dispetal (dispe-tal), v.
To deprive or strip of petals.
1863 W. Lancaster Praeterita 74 Though the garland
rose hereafter hung Dishonoured and dispetalled. 1880
Miss Broucuton Sec. 7A. II. 11. vi. 223 The splashed and
dispetalled_geraniums. ped? Stevenson Underwoods 1,
xxxv. 69 When the truant gull Skims the green level of the
lawn, his wing Dispetals roses.
Dispeticioun, -ison, var. DispuTisoun Ods.
Dispeyr(e, obs. form of Despair, DIspayre.
a (daisfrnoid). Cryst. [D1-2 1.]
A solid figure contained by eight isosceles triangles.
1895 Story-MASKELYNE Crystallogr. vii. § 211. 256 The
faces of the disphenoid being symmetrical in pairs.
Dispice, obs. form of DxspisE.
+ Dispi‘cience. 00s. rare. [app. for di'spictons
pl. of next: cf. accidence. But it may represent
a L. type *dispicientia; see -ENCE.] Discussion,
disputation.
1530 TinDALE Answ. More [1. xxv.] 59 b, But if our shep-
erdes had bene as wel willynge to fede as to shere, we had
neded no soch dispicience, ner they to haue burnt so many.
1532 More Confut. Tindale 264 (Quotes ‘lindale’s words).
(1623 Cockeram, Disfitience, aduisement, diligence. 1656
Buiount Glossogr., Dispicience (dispicientia), circumspection,
advisement, diligent consideration. ]
+Dispi‘cion. 0Ods. Also 6 des-, dyspycion.
[The form suggests derivation from L. dispicére
‘to look through, investigate, make an examina-
tion, consider’, the formation being on the analogy
of suspicion ; but the sense suggests association with
Disputisoun, disputation, some forms of which, as
dispitesoun, dispeticioun, might be reduced to
aispit’soun, dispicion.] Discussion, disputation.
¢1g10 More Picus Wks. 3/2 He taried at Rome an whole
yere, in al which time his enuiours neuer durst hae with
open dispicions attempt him. 1526 TinpaLe NV. 7: Prol.,
we ,. fall from meke lernynge into ydle despiciouns.
— Acts xxviii. 29 The Iewes departed from hym and had
grete despicions [Coverp, a greate disputacion, CrANMER
reate despycions], amonge them selves. 1 More Dya-
lage Ww. Wis. 262/1 He reherseth a certain dispycion had
with an heretique. 1§30 in Strype Ecc?. Mem. I. xvii, 132
Not minding to fall in contentions ordispytions [disputations,
perhaps, (Str.)] with your highness.’ 1 oRE Answ,
Poysoned Bk, Wks. 1039/2, 1 shal in this dispicion betwene
hym and me, be content for this ones .. to cal him mayster
asker, 1§53 Bate Vocacyon in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) I. 33
As great dyspycyons were among the Jewes at Rome con-
cerning Paule.
Dispiece (lispis), v. Also 5 des-. [ad. OF.
despiece-r,mod.¥ . dépiécer (14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.),
f. des-, Dis- | + piece, Prece.] trans. To divide into
pieces ; to cut or tear to pieces,
trans. To
Dis- 7a.) ¢rans.
‘
486
©1477 Caxton Yason 103The body he dispieced by membres.
1480 — Ovid's Met. eae He m the oe Pr and
. MerE-
despieced in gg & caste hym into the see.
pitn Diana 11. iv, 102 It lay dispieced like a pulled rug.
Dispierce, obs. var. of DIsPersE 7. ~
Dispight, -i3t, obs. forms of DEsPrTE.
+ Dispill, v. Os. [f. di-=D1s- 1 +S v.]
trans. To spill, shed.
= World & Child in Hazl, Dodsley 1. 251. For I have
boldly blood full piteously dispilled.
it (dispi'rit), v. Formerly also dis-
spirit. [Dis- 7a.] To deprive of spirit.
+1. trans. To deprive of essential quality, vigour,
or force; to weaken to deprive of animation ; to
deprive (liquor) of its spirit, to render flat. Obs,
1647 May “ist, Pari. 1, vii. 73 They woulde vaporate and
dis-spirit the power and vigour of Religion. 1660 SHaRRock
Vegetables 139 The fruit, by the loss of the natural seed, would
be very peed dispirited. 1685 Bove Salud. Air 40 If the
Bottles were not kept well-stopt, they [ scles] would
ina short time vanish, and leave the Liquor dispirited. 1697
Cottier Ess. Mor. Subj. 1. (1709) 38 He that has dispirited
himself by a Debauch. 171 Comme Wiscuetsea Misc.
Poems g Trail all your pikes, dispirit every drum, Ye silent,
ye dejected Men of War.
2. To lower the spirits of; to make despondent,
discourage, dishearten, depress.
1647 [see Disriritep]. 1732 Gay in Swi/t's Lett. (1766)
II. 151, I find myself dispirited, for want of having some
pursuit. 1759 Korertson //ist. Scot. 1. v. 382 A blow so
fatal and unexpected dispirited the party. 1811 Combe
Devil upon 2 Sticks in Eng. (1817) VI. 292 Yo dispirit the
sufferer from future exertions. 1868 Freeman Norm. Cong.
(1876) IL. viii. 260 One side was cheered and the other
dispirited by an unlooked-for incident.
8. To extract and transfuse the ‘spirit’ or es-
sence of. Ods. rare.
1642 Futver Holy & Prof. St. 11. xviii. 200 Proportion an
houres meditation to an houres reading of a staple authour.
‘This makes a man master of his learning, and dispirits the
book into the Scholar.
et alco (dispirritéd), AA/. a. [f. prec. + ED1.]
+1. Deprived of its essential quality or vigour;
destitute of spirit or animation, spiritless. Ods.
a1660 Hammonp IVks. IV. Pref. (R.), Religious offices ..
degenerating into heartless dispirited recitations. 1700
B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Pall'd, Flat, Dispirited, or Dead
Drink. 1737 Bracken Farricry /mpr. (1757) 11. 111 The
Blood becomes so viscid, poor, and dispirited. 1758 Wuit-
worTtH Acc, Russia 5 The Laplanders and Samoiedes being
too heavy and dispirited.
2. Cast into or characterized by low spirits;
discouraged, disheartened, dejected.
1649 Trave Comm. 1 Thess. v. 14 The dispirited, faint-
hearted, sick and sinking. 1717 Pore Let. to Blount 27
Nov., My Mother is in that dispirited State of Resignation.
1741 Mippeton Cicero II. xi. 437 A few unarmed, dispirited
men. 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C, xxxii. 2g0 He turned
back and caught a glance at the dispirited faces behind him.
Hence Dispi-ritedly adv. ; Dispi‘ritedness.
1654 tr. Scudery’s Curia Pol. 175 A defatigation and
dispiritedness will accompany that oppression. 1673 H.
Stussr Vind. Dutch War 4 ‘The decay of Trade, the dis-
piritedness of the English. 1733 Cueyne Eng. Malady u.
1x. § 3 (1734) 208 Opiates .. when their Force is worn off ..
leave a Lowness, Dispiritedness, and Anxiéty. 1864 Wrs-
ster, Dispiritedly. 1889 Temple Bar Mag. Feb. 186, ‘I do
not know’. .said the lad dispiritedly.
Dispi‘riting, 7//.a. [f. as prec. + -ING 2.]
That dispirits ; disheartening, depressing.
1733 Cuevne Eng. Malady ui. ix. $1 oy 206 The ge
toms may be so dispiriting and painful. 1799-1 s
Turner Anglo-Sax. r iv. vi. 315 That dispiriting belief,
which men on the eve of great conflicts sometimes experience,
that he should not survive it. 1872 Miss Brapvon Zo
Bitter End xvii, Even though London-bridge terminus was
a somewhat dirty and dispiriting place to arrive at.
Hence Dispi‘ritingly eo fy
1882 H.C. Merivare Faucit of B. 1.1. iv. 67 Little enough
* of their influence, however, seemed to fall dispiritingly upon
Daisy and Guy.
Dispiritment. [f. Disrimir v. + -menr.]
The state of being dispirited ; disheartenment ;
depression of spirits.
Ho CARLYLE m. Romance 1V. W. Meister 250 A
spirit of dispiritment. 1830 — Richter Misc. (1872) IIL.
25 Some with their modesty and quiet endurance combinin
asickly dispiritment. 1830 — in Froude Zi/¢ (1882) IL. 11
1 look .. forward to a life of poverty, toil and dispiritment.
1843 —Past & Pr. im. xiii. 295 You honestly..quit a most
muddy confused coil. .of sorrow: a and contra-
dictions. 1866 Lowe.t Lessing Pe. ks. 1890 II. 207 What
he wrote under the dispiritment of failure.
+ Dispirituarlity. nonce-word. Obs.rare. [D1s-
9.) An unspiritual or worldly act.
1684 H. More Answer 24 If they do not repent of these
immoralities or Dispiritualities, if 1 may so speak. ee:
+ Dispi-ritude, Obs. [f. Dispretr, after solicé-
tude, decrepitude, etc.] Dispirited condition,
1797 W. Tayior in Monthly Rev. XXII. 512 Considering
how general was the dispiritude of his troops. 18:4 —
Monthly Mag. XX XV11. 30 Infidels have complained that
the Christian religion. .drives men into dispiritude.
Dispise, obs. form of Desrisx.
Dispit, -ite, -itt, obs. forms of Despire.
iteous (dispi'téas), a. [A revival or con-
tinuation of the 16th c. déspiteous, variant of Des-
PiTEOUS (q.v. for earlier instances), related to
despite ; but in later use analysed as f. Dis- 10 +
Pirzous.] Pitiless, merciless.
DISPLACEMENT.
furious.
and abominable tyrant, 1863 Mrs. C. CLarke Shaks. Char.
Fa pl, cl are as dispiteous,
devoured a 1865 Swixsurne Poems §& Bail.,
Phaedra 81 most dispiteous out of all the gods.
Hence Dispi'teously adv. ; Dispi'teousness.
1818 Topp, Di: without pity, 186x
tore frat Je
tal. Poets, Mazzeo di Ricco 57 Certes, it was of
Love's dispiteousness That I must set my life On thee.
itesoun, var. Dispurisoun, disputation.
Dispitous, -uous, -ly: see Desprrous.
Displace (displz‘s), v. [ad. OF. desplacer
(15th c, in > Page eo) mod.F, déplacer to dis-
place, f. des-, Dis- 1,4 + place sb., placer to place.]
1. ¢rans. To remove or shift from its place; to
put out of the proper or usual place. cf In quot.
1551, To trans
1551 T. Witson Logicke (1580) 28 By conuersion of the
Propositions, and by displacyng the same, settyng one in
an others steede. 1§53 — Xhet. (1580) 203 ‘The whiche
wordes beyng altered or displaced, the figure straight dooeth
lose his name. 1577 B. Goocr Heresbach's Husb. w. (1586)
187 b, Cut away part of the Coames .. which you must do
with a very sharpe knife, for feare of displacing the rest
of the Coames. 1621 Suaks. Cymd. 1v. ii. 122 [He] swore..
heel'd [=he'd].. Displace our heads, where (thanks the
Gods) they grow, And set them on Luds-Towne. 178
Cowrer £.xfostulation 258 Thy diadem displaced, th
sceptre gone. 1837 WHewe tt //ist. Juduct. Sc. (1857) 1.
151 [The moon] may be displaced by this cause to the
amount of twice her own breadth,
+b. fig. To remove, banish. Oés.
1580 Sipney 7s. xxxix. vi, Ah! P a from me lett thy
plagues be displac'd. 1596 Spenser Hymne Heavenly Love
264 All other loves .. ‘Thou must renounce and utterly dis-
place. 1605 SHaxs. Macé. m1. iv. 109. Hoses Odyss.
vit, 64 When their thirst and hunger was displac’d.
2. To remove from a position, dignity, or office.
1553 T. Witson Rhet. (1580) 68 When striketh the
ghtie .. and displaceth those that were highly placed.
1563-87 Foxe A. & AZ. (1596) 6/1 King Solomon dis
Abiathar the high preest. 1687 in AM/agd. Coll. & Fames 11
(Oxf. Hist. Soc.) 98 To place, or displace, Members of
Colleges. raed Steeve Tatler No, 84? 4 With a Design
to displace them, in case I find their Titles defective.
Macautay Hist. Eng. U1. 556dénjoining him .. to displace
all the Popish officers who held commands under him. 1853
Stocqueter Milit, Encyci., Officers are sometimes displa
4
from a particular regiment in ¢ q e of 4
but they are at liberty to serve in any other corps.
3. To oust (something) from its place and occupy
it instead; a. to put something else in the place
of; b. to take the place of, supplant, ‘ replace’.
a. [1667 Mitton /. Z. 1. 473 Gods Altar to di
and displace For one of Syrian mode.) 1844 H. H. Witson
Brit. India 111. 458 To dis iF regular garrisons the
troops of the Thakurs. 1853 Sir H. Douctas A/ilit. Bridges
41 The desideratum is, to di as much water, with as
little weight of vessel as possible.
[1634 Mitton Comus 560 A softand solemn-breathing
sound .. stole upon the air, that even Silence .. wished she
might Deny her nature, and be never more, Still to be so
displaced.) 1774 Gotpsm, Nat. Hist. (1776) 1. 188 A cork,
a ship, a buoy, each buries itselfa bed on the surface of the
water ; this may be considered as so much water dis-
placed. 1831 Larpner /Hydrost. viii. 197 A body when it
floats in a liquid, displaces a quantity of the liquid equal
to its own weight. 1889 A. R. Wattace Darwinism 29 In
three years .. this weed .. absolutely displaced every other
plant on the ground,
ble (displésib'l), a. [f. we, +
Capable of being, or liable to be, dis-
mi;
~ABLE.
placed.
Boyie in Phil, Trans. X1. 805 Its parts were ..
easily displ, bl t btile permeating matter. 1810
Bentuam Packis Hoard ++ paid, placed,
displaceable by the servants of the crown. 1879 J. M.
Duncan Lect. Dis. Women i. (1889) 3 It may be le or
floating, or it may be merely displaceable.
Hence Displaceabi'lity.
188a Nature XXVI. 592 The classification of surfaces
according to the ye TT of their geodetic triangles.
fat ppl.a. [fas prec. +
-ED1.] Removed from its place ; put out of place;
deposed : see the verb,
1571 Gounune Colin on Ds. Be. Dee. 6 Tees bata
‘em. Gordon 18 To retain
of the di ‘
lacement (displésmént). [f. DispLace
v. + -MENT; cf. OF. oe tg -F. déplace-
ment, perh, the immediate source of sense 1.]
The act of displacing or fact of being displaced.
1. Removal from an office or dignity; deposition.
(The earliest sense, but somewhat rare.)
1611 Speen Hist, Gt. Brit. 1x. xvi. § 44 His displacement
from the Regency of France. #797 W. ‘tavion in Monthly
hi mae q yo, eens 4 lomntieg: Fol ing
their schemes farther than t! i ir adver-
saries. 1857 Toutm. Samira Parish 9x Election, displace-
ment, and fresh election depend on the Y
2. Removal of a thing from its place ; putting
out ot peeks shifting, dislocation. >
1803 W. Tayior in Ann. Rev. 1. 320 Change of air, removal,
ere Nil ake Wien aa emcees fe sry aoe
4. . . very con-
sinakla, thn Aleta ARENA meng vo mach codter,
a
DISPLACENCE.
rassed. 1863 KinctaKke Crimea (1876) I. xv. 354 Occasioned
by some dental displacement of words. 1880 HauGHTon
Phys. Geog. ii. 46 note, A vertical displacement of the strata,
sics. The amount by which anything is
displaced ; the difference or geometrical relation
between the initial position of a body and its posi-
tion at some subsequent instant.
1837 Wuewet Hist, Induct, Sc. (1857) I. 150 The dis-
placement of the sun by parallax is so small that [etc.].
i Tuomson & Tair Nat. Phil, I. 1. § go, We may con-
sider the whole motion as made up of successive elementary
displacements.
ce. Thermometiy. (See quot.)
1871 B. Stewart //eat § 22 It is found that thermometers
are liable to an alteration of their zero points, especially
when the bulb has been filled not long before graduation. .
This displacement may in the course of years amount to
about 1° C.
d. Electr. (See quots.)
88x Maxwe tt Electr. §& Magn. I. 64 Electric displace-
ment is a movement of electricity in the same sense as the
transference of a definite quantity of electricity through
a wire is a movement of electricity. 1885 Watson & Bur-
sury Electr. §& Magn. 1. § 258. 1895 Sitvanus ‘THompson
Electr. & Magn. § 57 Displacement. Whenever electric
forces act on a dielectric, tending to drive electricity in at
one side and out at the other.. the quantity of electricity
which has apparently been transferred .. was called by
Maxwell ‘the displacement’. /éid. § 516 Experiment
proves that displacement-currents, while they last, set up
magnetic fields around them; just as connexion-currents
and conduction-currents do. ’
3. Removal of a thing by substitution of some-
thing else in its place ; ‘ replacement’.
1868 Giapstone Fuv. Mundt iii. (3869) roo There must
have been a great displacement of the Pe asgic vocabulary.
1880 Libr. Univ. Knowl. 1X. 297 The displacement of
human labor through .. machinery. fi
b. Hydrostatics. The displacing of a liquid by
a body immersed in or floating on it; the amount
or weight of fluid so displaced by a floating body,
e.g.aship. Centre of displacement: see CENTRE
sb. 16.
1802-19 Rees Cycl. s.v. Shipbuilding (L.), To ascertain
the centre of displacement, or centre of gravity, of the
immersed part of a ship's bottom. 1833 Marryat P. Simple
xiii, He was always talking about centres of gravity,
displacement of fluid, and Lord knows what. 1869 Six
E, J, Reep Our ron-Clad Ships iv.71 The dimensions and
outside form of a ship determine her displacement. 18
W. H. G. Kincston Brit, Navy 535 Her total length is
320 feet .. with a displacement of 11,407 tons.
ce. Pharm. The process of obtaining an extract
of a substance by pouring over it successive quan-
tities of a menstruum until all the soluble matters
are extracted ; = PERCOLATION.
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Displacement ., In Pharmacy, the
term is used in the same sense as Percolation .. D. appa-
vatus, a means of obtaining extracts, whether aqueous or
alcoholic. ‘The body is pulverised, and then partially ex-
hausted with a liquid, which is replaced by an additional
quantity of the same, or of another liquid.
+Displa‘cence. Oés. [ad. med.L. displacéntia,
f. Dis- 4 + placéniia pleasantness : cf. OF. desplaz-
sance, mod.F. dép-, It. dispiacenza. The cl.L. word
was displicéntia, whence DISPLICENCE.] =next:
the reverse of complacence.
e1450 Mirour Saluacioun 1432 With displacens of all
synne and hertly contrycionne. 1668 WiLkins Real Char.
229 Displaeence, Sorréw, Grief, Discomfort. 1682 Sir T.
Browne Chr. Mor... § 5 Rake not up envious displacences
at things successful unto others.
Displacency (displz‘sénsi). Now rare or
Obs. [f. as prec.: see -eNcy. See also Dispui-
cency.] The fact or condition of being displeased
with something ; displeasure, dissatisfaction, dis-
like. (The reverse of complacency.)
ax652 J. Smitu Sed. Disc. x. iii. 503 Their hatred of the
devil is commonly nothing else but an inward displacency
of nature against something entitled by the devil's name.
1654 WarrEN Undbelievers 205 His divine displacency against
their sins, 1771 Westey Wks, (1872) VI. 18 Feeling a dis-
placency at every offence against God. 1859 I. TayLor
Logic in Theol, 59 The infant has made himself the object
of compl. y or of displ Y; ding to his original
dispositions, or his individual character,
Displacent (displésént), a. rare. [f. Dis-
PLACENCE, after complacent: cf. OF. desplaisant,
DisPueasant.] Feeling or marked by displeasure:
the reverse of complacent.
1859 I. Taytor Logic in Theol. 62 These emotions .. be-
coming either complacent or displacent.
Displa‘cer. [f. Disruace +-Er1.]
1. One who or that which displaces.
1588 J. Upait Demonstr. Discip.(Arb.) 73 If the ministers
that bee vsually displaced, be called of God .. if it cause
the displacers to be d ies to the Gospell. 1607
Schol. Disc, agst. Antichr. u. v. 10 Establishers of that
which is good, and displacers of that which is evill.
2. Pharm. An apparatus for obtaining an extract
by DiseLaceMEnt (3c) ; a percolator.
3883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Displacer, a synonym of Percolator.
lacing, vii. sb. [f. Dispnace + -Ine 1]
The action of the verb DisPLace; removal from
its place; deposition.
355 T. Witson Logike (1567) 65 a, In the diuidyng, and
displacing of the same, spay cea Anat, Abus.u. (1882)
84 Auth for his displacing, and placing of another that
is more able, 1626 in Rushw. 47st, Coli, (1659) 1. 403 More
487
such displacings and alterations have by his means hap-
pened, 1654 Lp. Orrery Parthen. (1676) 310 Phanasders
displacing gave him the invitation to invade us.
attrib, 1 Westm. Gaz. 30 May 2/1 That displacing
process which sounds so easy in political economy. In life,
when you are squeezed out of one employment..you do not
find it so simple to slide into another groove.
Displa‘cing, ///. 2. [f. as prec. + -1NG?.]
That displaces: see the verb.
1862 F, Haty Hindu Philos, Syst, 87 note, That one such
quality may displace another, their theory is, that the dis-
placing quality must remain with the quality displaced
during the last moment of the subsistence of the latter.
1867 Freeman Norm. Cong. Gee) I. i, 2 Some knowledge
of the condition of the displaced nation is necessary to
understand the position of the displacing nation,
Displant (displant), v. [ad. OF. desplanter
=Sp. desplantar, It. dispiantare :—Romanic *dis-
plantare, for L. déplantare, f. Dx- I. 6, Dis- +
plantare to plant.]
1. trans. Yo take up or remove (a plant) from
the ground; to uproot.
1491 Caxton Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 11. 256a/x
A tree whiche is ofte dysplaunted & transported from one
grounde to an other may bere no fruyte. 1635 R. Bouron
Comp, Aff. Conse, xv. 79 A strong and mightie Oake..
which no storme or tempest can displant or overthrow. 1725
Braptey Kam, Dict. s. v. Saffron Crocus, After these Bulbs
are displanted the Gardiner must be sure to keep them
.. Three Weeks without replanting them. 1800 7'rans. Soc.
Encourag, Arts XVIII. 99 When the hops are displanted.
2, To remove (a person) from his settled
position ; to dislodge (people) from their settle-
ments or country; sfec. to undo the settlement or
establishment of (a ‘ plantation’ or colony). Ods.
1592 Suaxs. Row. § Ful, ui. iii. 59 Displant a Towne,
reuerse a Princes Doome. 1596 Spenser Sate rel. Wks.
(Globe) 615/t One of the occasions by which all those coun-
tryes, which .. had bene planted with English, were
shortly displanted and lost. 1605 Hieron Short Dial. 49
Almost 300 preachers are already eyther displanted, in-
hibited, or under... censure. 1615 G. Sanpys 7av. 39 The
.. Greeks had planted certaine Colonies thereabout, and
displanted the barbarous. 1650 J. MusGrave Grievances
of North, Co. 27 All Israel .. were displanted, and carried
away into captivity. 1660 F, Brooke tr. Le Blanc’s Trav,
370 AColony..in Dariana, displanted for the unsoundnesse
of the ayre,
+ 3. fig. a. To root up, eradicate; b. tosupplant.
1603 H. Crosse Vertues Comme. (1878) 98 Others .. dis-
plant all good order established. 1612 ‘I’. ‘T'avtor Comm,
Titus i. 6 He must .. displant vices, and plant the contrarie
vertues. 1624 MassinGrr Xenegado 1.1, Some other hath
displanted me, With her dishonour. a@1638 Mepe A fost:
Lat, Times (1641) 83 Three of these.. should the Anti-
christian horne depresse and displant, to advance himselfe.
Hence Displa‘nting v7. sd. and ffl. a.
1604 Suaks, O¢h. 11. i. 283 By the displanting of Cassio,
1616 H. Gosnotp in Lismore Papers (1887) Ser. 1. II. 20
The stock which I am tyed to purchase vnder paine of
displanting. 1725 BrapLey Fam, Dict. s.v. Tulip, Vake
a Gardiners displanting Groove, and thrust it into the
Ground. 1727 Baitey vol. Il, Displanting Scoop, an
Instrument to take up Plants with Earth about them.
+ Displanta‘tion. Os. [f. prec. after PLaNt-
ATION.] The action or fact of displanting; the
removal of a plantation or colony.
1614 Raceicu Hist, World 1, 46 The Edenites in Thelassar
.. Whose displantation Senacherib vaunted of. Jbid. v. ii.
§ 8. 603 The Boij .. feared the like displantation.
+ Displa‘t, v. Ods. [Dis- 6 or 7a.]
To do out of its plats or plaits, to unplait.
1627 Hakewe i AZo/. (1630) 412 Which of these would not
rather choose that the state .. should be in combustion
then his haire should bee displatted ?
Display (displé:), v. Forms: 5 desplay,
dysplay, 6 displeigh. 8. 5-6 des-, dysploy.
[a. OF. despleder (-plier, -ployer), = Pr. desplegar,
-pleiar, Sp. desplegar, It. dispiegare:—L. displicire
to scatter, disperse, (in late and med.L.) to unfold.
See also the doublet Deptoy, and aphetic SpLay.
In OF, displicare became orig. in inf. desplier ; in tonic
forms as 3 sing. pres. desplei -e ; whence by subseq. confusion
of tonic and atonic forms desfileier, later desploicr, des-
ployer: examples of all these French varieties exist in Eng.
in ply, ploy, apply, comply, imply, deploy, employ; the
forms in -Aéoy being froin Central OF., or later F.]
1. trans. To unfold, expand, spread out ; to un-
furl (a banner, sail). Now Oés. exc. as influenced
by sense 3, and understood as ‘to unfold to view’
(a banner or the like).
ees = Britton 11. xxii. § 4 Sila disseisine fust fete a banere
desplaé, ou as chevaus covertz.] cx R. Brunne Chron.
(1810) 2 Ine..displayed his banere, & went to pe bataile.
©1430 Lypc. Min, Poems. (Percy Soc.) 6 Ther yssed oute
empresses thre, Theire here displayed. ¢ 1460 Emare 97 The
cloth was displayed sone. 1490 Caxton Lneydos xxvii. 96
To sprede and dysploye the sayles. ¢1g00 Melusine xxi#131
And made hys banere to be dysployed abrode. 1582 N.
LicnerteLp tr. Castanheda’s Cong. E. Ind. xxxvi. 88 There
was displaide a flagge in the top of the Factorie. 590
Spenser /, Q, ut, ii. 47 The old-woman carefully displayd
The clothes about her round with busy ayd. 162x G. Sanpys
Ovid's Met. 1v. (1626) 86 With Dores display’d, the golden
Palace shines. 1656 Ear Mono. Advt. fr. Parnass. 259
[He] displaid his sails to a prosperous west wind, 1692
Bentiey Boyle Lect. 208 Elastick .. particles, that have a
continual tendency and endeavour to expand and display
themselves, 1728 Pore Dunc. 11.71 See.. her sable flag
bg oy 1894 C. N. Rosinson Brit, Fleet 97 A flag was
to So et on the discovery of a supposed enemy at sea.
intr, (for refi.). 1572 Rs i. tr. Lavaterus’ Ghostes §
trans.
DISPLAY.
Spir. (1596) 81 When..their ensignes will not displaie
abroade but fold about the stander-bearers heads.
+b. Az/. To spread out (troops) so as to form
a more extended line; =Deptoy v. 2. Obs.
1581 SaviLe Agric. (1622) 198 Agricola.. fearing lest hee
should bee assailed on the front and flankes both at one
instant, displayed his army in length. 158 — Yacitus’
Hist, Ww. xxxv. (1591) 196 Fought with troupes displayed out
thinnely in length. 1610 Hottanp Camden's Brit. 1. 151
‘The Englishmen. .display their ranks and. .press hard upon
their enemies. 1823 Crass TZechnol. Dict., To display
(47i1.) in French déployer, to extend the from of a column.
2. To lay or place (a man or animal) with the
limbs extended; to extend (a limb, wing, etc.)
spec. in Her.; see DISPLAYED 2.
¢1320 R. Brunne Medit. 640 ‘Voward be cros hys bak he
layde, And hys real armes oute he dysplayde. 1486 2A.
St, Albans Bviija, Display the wynge esely and holde it
betwene the ij partes of the loofe. 1539 Hitsey Primer in
Three Primers (1848) 328 O Lord which hast displayed
thine hands and feet, and all thy body on across for our
sins. 159 Srenser Virg. Gnat 240 Sleep oppressed him,
Displaid on ground. /é7d, 336 Thou .. ‘Thy careles limbs in
loose sleep dost display.
tb. Carving. The technical term for: To carve
(a crane’. Ods.
¢1470 in Hors, Shepe § G. etc. (Caxton 1479, Roxb. repr.)
33 A crane displayd, a pecok disfigured. 1§13 Lh. Acr-
uynge in Babees Bk, 267 Dysplaye that crane. ‘lake a crane,
and vnfolde his legges, and cut of his wynges by the Ioyntes.
1804 Fartey Lond. Art Cookery (ed. 10) 293.
absol, 1711-14 Spectator (J.), He carves, displays, and
cuts up to a wonder,
8. To open up or expose to view, exhibit to the
eyes, show.
13.. Gaw. §& Gr. Ant. 955 Hir brest & hir bry3t prote bare
displayed Schon shyrer pen snawe. c1430 Lypc. A/in.
Poems (1840) 161 | Miitz.) Displaieth hir crown geyn Phebus
bemys brihte. xg9r Suaks. 1 //ex. V/, 1. il. 77, 1..
to Sunnes parching heat display'd my cheekes. 1695
Woopwarp Nat. ‘ist, Earth w. (1723) 244 By this
means..the Grain-Gold, upon all the Gold Coast... is dis-
play’d. 1767 Sir W. Jones Seven Fount, Poems (1777) 46
‘Th’ alluring stream, ‘That through the grove display’d a
silver gleam. 1861 M. Pattison £ss, (1889) I. 45 Round the
apartment .. was displayed in close array the silver and
pewter plate. 1864 Boure., Heraldry Hist. & Pop. xix.
zor More recently the Royal Banner has always displayed
the Arms of England.
b. Printing. To make more prominent (a word,
line, etc.) by using larger type, wider spacing, etc.
1888 [see Disrray sé. 5).
4. ‘To unfold or exhibit to other senses, to ob-
servation generally, or to the mind. +a. To give
utterance to, pour forth, utter. Ods.
1580 Sipney /’s, xxvil. vii, Heare, Lord, when I my voice
display. 1638 Sir ‘I’. Hersert 77vav. (ed. 2) 210 A thou-
sand warbling Notes thy throat displayes.
b. To exhibit, make manifest, cause to be ob-
served or perceived.
1575 Lanewam Let, (1871) 12 At last the Altitonant dis-
pleaz me hiz mayn poour. 1635 Quartes Lydd. 11, i. (1718)
66 ‘Thy busie hands address ‘Their labour to display. 1660
Boyvte New Exp. Phys. Mech. xvii.115 Vhe.. Air. .sufficing
..to display a considerable pressure upon the surface of the
Mercury. 1762 Sir W. Jones Arcadia Poems (1777) 107
‘The curling eglantines display'd..an aromatick shade. 1874
Green Short Hist. vii. § 7. 415 The new English drama ..
was beginning to display its wonderful powers. 188¢
Manch, Exam. 16 June 4/7 The same insubordination was
displayed still more offensively,
5. esp. To exhibit ostentatiously ; to show off,
make a show of.
1628 Earte Microcosm., Bold forward Man (Arb.) 47
‘These few good parts hee has, hee is no niggard in display-
ing. 1659 B. Harris Parival's [ron Age 126 Many great
Divines were fain to display their eloquence. 1709 Pore ss.
on Criticisnt 329 The sparks with awkward vanity display
What the fine gentleman wore yesterday. 1729 BUTLER
Serm, Wks. 1874 II. 47 Their business in coming into
company..f[is] to display themselves. 1750 Jounson Ram-
bler No. 27 ® 8 That part of his discourse in which he most
endeavoured to display his imagination,
tb. entr. (for ref.) To make a great show or
display; to act in an,ostentatious manner. Ods.
160g SHaxs. Lear ul. iv. 41 The fellow which .. Displaid
so saucily against your Highnesse. :
6. trans. To disclose, reveal, or show, uninten-
tionally or incidentally ; to allow to be seen or
perceived, to betray.
1602 Marston Ant. & Mel. 1. Wks. 1856 I. 32 If you
are but seene, Your armes display you; therefore put them
off. 1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 171 He began
to display..some token of suspition. 1796 H. Hunrer tr.
St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) 11. 568 All the variety of
colours which flowers display. 1853 J. H. Newman /is¢,
Sk, (1873) II. 1. iii. 146 A grand entertainment, which dis-
played both the barbarism and the magnificence of the
Asiatic. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) I. 104 Having dis-
played your ignorance of the nature of courage. ;
+7. To set forth in representation or narrative ;
to depict, describe, exhibit; to set forth at large,
expound ; to unfold (a tale). Ods. or arch.
1726-31 Tinpat Rafin's Hist. Eng. (1743) I. xv, 156 To
display in a few words the Elogy of this illustrious queen.
1750 Jounson Rambler No. 79 ® 8 The princes were once
displaying their felicity, and each boasting the advantages
of his own dominions. 1766 Pennant Zool. (1768) I. Pref. 2
The admirable Linnzus has displayed them [arguments]
at large in an oration. 1802 eas. Epcewortu Moral
T. (1816) I. 200 Zealous to display every proof of the ——_
greatness of mind, 1808 Scotr y 7a 1y. ii, He .. did his
tale display,
DISPLAY.
. ae -
+8. Med. To disperse, dissipate. Ods. (Cf. L.
aires Varro.]}
i Torsett. Four. Beasts (1658) 84 The fat of this beast
is reserved by some for heating, softening, and displaying
tumours in the flesh. /did. 504 ‘The use of this by reason
it is very hot, is to display Ulcers and tumors in wounds,
19. To discover, get sight of, descry. [In
Spenser and his imitators ; as if ‘to unfold to one’s
own view’.] Ods,
1g90 Spenser J. Q. 11, xii. 76 They .. did at last display
That wanton Lady, with pay lover. ¢1611 Cuarman /liad
xi. 74 He..from his seat took pleasure to display The city
so adorn’d with tow’rs. 1615 — Odyss. v. 350 He might
“Dig The shady hills of the Phaeacian shore.
lay’, 56. [f. prec. vb.]
1. The act of displaying or unfolding to view or
to notice; exhibition, manifestation.
a@x680 Granvitt (J.), A glorious display of the highest
form of created excellencies. 1752 Jounson Rambler No.
205 P 5 At this display of riches every eye immediately
sparkled. 1767 Funius Lett. xxv. 116 You were not quite
indifferent to the display of your literary qualifications.
1823 Rutter Fonthill 8 A too sudden display of the colossal
dimensions. .of the Abbey. 1853 J. H. Newman //ist. S4.
(1873) IL. 1. i. 4 The display of horsetails at the gate of the
Palace is the Ottoman signal of war. 1858 Froupe //ist.
Zng. IIL. xiv. 193 An occasion for the display of his powers.
+b. The act of setting forth descriptively ;
a description. Ods.
1583 Stusses (¢/t/e) The Second part of the Anatomie of
Abuses, containing The display of Corruptions, with a per-
fect description of such imperfections. 1610 Guitim (f7t/e)
Display of Heraldry. 1706 Puittirs (ed. Kersey), Display,
a particular Explication. a1714 Snare Serv. I. v. (R.),
For the more lively display of him .. it will be fit that we
represent him a little more particular under those several
respects and capacities, in which his uprightness is princi-
pally seen and expressed.
2. An exhibition, a show; a proceeding or occa-
sion consisting in the exhibiting of something.
1665 GLANVILL Scepsis Sci. iv. Pref. (R.), Some grains
must be allow’d to a rhetorical display, which will not bear
the rigour of a critical survey. 1789 Cowrer Queen's Visit
Lond. 10 (17 March)Twas hard to tell of streets or squares
Which formed the chief display. 1831 Brewster Nat,
Magic i. (1833) 6 The optical display which hallowed their
ancient temples. 1845 //orist's Frnl. 278 ‘The display of
dahlias..was most excellent. 1883 GiapsTone in Glasgow
Weekly Her. 9 June 1/7 Constant parades and military dis-
plays with bands and flags. 1886 A. WincneLt Walks Geol.
Field 210 Some of our most splendid meteoric displays.
3. Show, ostentation.
1816 Byron Parisina xvii, He died, as erring man should
die, Without display, without parade. 18 Emerson
Nature, Lit. Ethics Wie. (Bohn) II. 214 Fatal to the man
of letters, fatal to man, is the lust of display. 1870 — Soc.
& Solit., Domestic Life Wid. 111. 45 A house kept to the
end of display is impossible to all but a few women.
4. Printing. The selection and arrangement of
types so as to call attention to important parts of
the subject matter: used in regard to title-pages
_and advertisements.
1824 J. Jounson 7yfographia 11. 588 An alteration in the
method of display and a new mode in the arrangement of
the matter, became now very general.
5. Comd., as display-letter, -type, a letter or type
used for displaying printed matter; cf. 4 above;
display-stand, a stand, rack, shelf, etc. for
displaying goods; display-work (see quot.).
1888 Jacost Printer’s Voc. 32 Display work, Type dis-
played, such as titles, headings, and jobbing work, is thus
termed to distinguish it from ordinary solid composition.
Display-able, a. rare. [f. as prec, + -ABLE.]
Capable of being displayed.
1864 CartyLe Predk. Gt, (1865) 1V. x11. xi. 265 Belleisle dis-
played, so farasdisplayable, his magnificent Diplomatic Ware.
Displayed (displ>'d), 77/. a. Also 4-6 des-,
dys-, -plaied(e, -playit, -plaid, -pleyd. [-xp!.]
1. Unfolded, unfurled, spread open to view.
1425 Wyntoun Crom. vill. xxxix. 32 A Rade of were He
made wyth displayid Banere. 1603 KNotes //ist, Turkes
(1638) 297 The displaied ensignes. 1625 K. Lone tr.
Barclay’s Argenis i. iii. 155 Opening now their displayed
Pedigrees. 1649 Mitton Ezkon, Wks. 1738 I. 365 Fought
against him with display'd Banners in the Field.
b. Expanded, as wings, leaves, etc.
1578 Lyre Dodoens ut. xvii. 339 The leaves are lyke
desplayed winges. 1648 Boy.e Seraph. Love (1660) 44 The
Coy delusive Plant. .shrinks in its displayed leaves.
+ ¢. Lying supine with the limbs extended.
@ 1400 Octouian 1516 Well many Sarsyns .. ley dyspleyd.
01485 Digby Myst. w. 313 This displaied body. 1591 [see
Disptay v. 2). a CLEVELAND Poems, Smectymnuus go,
2. Her. Having the wings expanded: said of a
bird of prey used as a bearing. Also with wings
displayed: see quot. 1882. .
c1400 Sowdone Bab, 190 An Egle of goolde abrode dis-
played. a1490 Boroner /tin. (1778) 164 Ung egle displayed
de argent. 1572 BosseweLt Armorie u. 60b, The fielde is
of the Topaze, a Basiliske digflayed, Emeraude, cristed,
Saphire. 1766 Porny Heraldry (1787) 170 Three Eaglets
displayed, points of their wings pendent, Or. 1830 Rosson
Brit, Herald U1. Gloss., Displayed recursant, or tergiant,
the wings crossing each other ; sometimes termed dac. rd
displayed, the wings crossing. Displayed foreshortened,
eagles, etc. thus borne, are depicted flying straight forward
towards you, so as no part but the roundness of the head
and body is seen, with the pinion of the wings extended.
1882 Cussans //er. vi. 9t The Heraldic student must bear
in mind the difference between An Eagle displayed and
An Eagle with wings displayed; when the latter term is
employed, the Bird is supposed to be perched.
[ enne’s World of Wonders 169 Displin
488
b. By Putrennam (1589) Eng. Poesie un. xili). (Arb.) 106
apd we eomeal dete re ne sme
as wings, e. g. t ricquet disp =two triang!
at ther apices]; the ee the Rondel a
{=an oval or a circle bisected, and the halves joi at
their convex margins].
Hence + Display‘edly adv. Obs.
1611 Florio, Spiegatamente, openly, displaiedly.
Display-er. [f. as prec. + -ER1.] One who
or that which displays; an exhibitor.
161t Frorio, Sfiegatore, a displayer, ‘an vnfolder.
1627-77 Fectuam Resolves 1. \xxxvi. (L.), Nothing that
has sense but is better for this — {charity]. 1654
Gayton Pleas. Notes (T), The displayer of his high fron-
tiers. 1815 W. H. Irevann Scribbleomania 217 Each
pestle’s displayer, Who, living by drugs, proves humanity's
slayer. 1840 Browninc Sordedlo v. (1889) 235 Some -
player, still More potent than the last, of human will.
Display-ing, vé/. 5d. [f. as prec. + -ING1.]
The action of the verb Display; unfolding, dis-
closing, revelation, exposure.
1556 Huccarpe (¢/t/e\, The Displaying of the Protestantes,
and sondry their Practices. 1611 Cotcr., Despliement, an
unfoulding ; displaying. 1677 J. Wenster (/7t/e), The Dis-
playing of Supposed Witchcraft. 1878 T. Sixctarr Mount
4 Whatever value these partial displayings may have.
Display‘ment. [f. as prec. +-meN?.] =prec.
18or Strutt Sports & Past, iv. ili. 326 The displayment
of vulgar pastimes.
+Di'sple, v. Ods. Also 6 dyspel. [App. a
popular formation from D1scIPLinE sd. 7, or v. 2.
If derived from ya ead vb., the final -z#(e might be con-
founded with the infinitive suffix -en, -yz, and disappear
along with it. But it is, on the whole, more probable that
discipl-ine sb. was associated with vbl. sbs. in -ing, and so
converted into discipl-ing, dissplying, dyspelyng, as in the
earliest instances quoted. Thence a verb to duple would
naturally be deduced. The verb Disctrte is of later date.]
trans. To subject to discipline, bodily correction,
penance, or punishment; ¢s/. as a religious practice.
Also Di-spling vd/. sh. and pf/. a.
1492 in Brand Pop, Antig., Ash Wedn. (1870) I. 56 For
dissplying rods, ij!. 1533 More Afo/. xxvii. Wks. 893/2 As
lothe..as the Ladye was to come. .to dyspelyng, that wepte
..that the prieste had..with the pbc oak rodde beaten
her hard vppon her Abe white handes. 1563-87 Foxe
A. & M. (1596) 1339/2 Euery of them had a Taper in his
hand, and a rod, wherewith the Preacher did disple them,
1581 Marseck B&, of Notes 586 The displing of the froward
childe. 1590 Spenser /. Q. 1. x. 27 Bitter Penaunce, with
an yron whip, Was wont him once to disple every day.
1605 b. Jonson Vo/pone iv. ii, Who here is fled for libecty
of conscience .. Her will I disc’ple. 1607 R. C, tr. Estz-
friers. 1641 Vind.
Smectymnuus iii. 49 The Reverend Fathers will have
multitudes of disobedient sons to disple.
+Displeasance. 0s. Forms: see Dis-
PLEASANT. [a. OF. desflazsance (13th c. in Hatz.-
Darm.), mod.F. déplatsance, f. desplatsant: see
next and -ance. Cf. also DispLAcENCE, DISPLI-
CENCE, Still stressed on final ¢ 1530 by Skelton. ]
The fact of being displeased ; displeasure, dissatis-
faction, discontent, annoyance, vexation; a cause
or instance of this, a grievance, trouble.
¢1340 Hampote Prose 7y, 11 Wordes of myssawe ne vn-
honeste ne of displesance. cr Cnaucer Pard, Prol. &
7. 92 Thus quyte I folk, that doon vs displesances. ¢ 14,
Lype. M/in. Poems (Percy Soc.) 48 So it be noon dysple-
saunce to your pay. 1483 Cath. Angé. 98/1 A Desplesance ;
grauamen, aggrauamen, 1485 Caxton Chas, Gt, 82 He
was in grete desplaysaunce. 1§09 Barciay Shyp Folys
(1570) 126 Justice ought to be wayed .. Not rigorously for
wrath or displeasaunce. 1590 Spenser /. Q. 11. x. 28 Whose
simple answere .. him to displeasaunce moov'd. [1886 J.
Payne Decameron 1. 29 Albeit the husbandmen die there
.. the displeasance is there the less.]
+Displea'sant, a. Ols. Forms: 4-5 des-,
4-7 dis-, 5-6 dys-, 4-6 -ples-, 5 -pleys-, -plays-,
5-7 -pleas-, 4-7 -ant, 5-6 -aunt. [a. OF. des-
plaisant, ppl. adj. of desplaire to DISPLEASE.]
“1. That displeases or causes displeasure or annoy-
ance; displeasing; unpleasant; disagreeable.
31481 Caxton A/yrr, 11, viii. 147 One is colde, rayny, and
more desplaysant than thother. ¢1g10 Barciay M/irr, Gd.
Manners (1570) G iv, Clense thy bedchamber from all dis-
pleasant sent, 1556 J. Hrywoon Spider §& J, ii, 64 Loue
causeth friendes to hide displeasant trowth. 1609 Bist
(Douay) 1 Sam. xviii. 8 Saul was exceeding angrie, and
this word was displeasant in his eies. 1668 7a if Evid,
Witcher. 101 That morning it left a sulfurous smell behind
it very displeasant and offensive.
b. Const. Zo, unto,
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pars. T. néeg Thome is this synne moost
displesant to Crist. a1450 Ané. de la Tour (x868) 14
Pride, whiche is the synne most displesaunt vnto Got,
1533 Lp. Berners Gold, Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Sijb, If
your deathe be displeasant to them. 1665 GLANVILL Scepsis
Sci. xiv. 91 What to one is a most grateful odour, to an-
other is noxious and displeasant.
2. Displeased, angry, grieved.
1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 62 So desplaysaunt ne sory was
he neuer as I shal-make hym for the. x1ga5 St. Papers
Hen. VIII, V1. (516 Sens that = that we founde the
Ch 1 so displ for the letters sent. 1530
Patscr. 310/2 Displeasant for synne, contrit. 1599
Haxwuyr Voy. IL. 1. 131 It was not they y* ought to shew
one displ looke or ¢ there against ; but to
take it patiently. 1709 Srryre Aun. Ref. I. vii. 105 They
looked with a very angry and displeasant eye upon them.
+ Dhaplonuens, v. Obs. rare. [f. prec.-adj.]
To render displeasant ; to disquiet, vex,
DISPLEASE.
Hence Displea‘santing vé/. s., vexing, disquiet-
1628 Fertuam Resolves u. xxii. 74 Lamentations that haue
no better fruit, then the displeasanting of the soule, that
ownes t
+B ‘santly, adv. [fras prec. + -LY?.]
1. Unpleasantly, di bly ; offensively.
1607 Torsett Four-f Beasts (1658) 429 Before it is ripe,
it smelleth displeasantly.
2. In a displeased or offended manner.
1540-1 Etyor Jmage Gov. (1556) 139 b, I not dis-
Se 1662 J. Caaprenn 7, ed 's Oriat. Pref.
to Rdr., I do humbly beseech you all. .not di tly to
receive my ready peer labour. 17a Srryre Eccl. Mem. 1.
xii. 103 He t! tt the Emperor should take it more dis-
pleasantly, than if his Holi had declared himself.
+Displea’santness. Olds. [f. as prec. +
-NESS.] The quality of being disp or un-
ion of
pleasant, unpleasantness; also, the
being displeased, displeasure.
1553 BreNvE Sind ies Mit. 29 (R.) When Philip had read
the letter, hee shewed more of disp] than
of feare. 1582 W. Cictit in Bentley Mon. Matrones, Q.
Catherine's Lament. Pref., This good Ladie thought no..
displ nesse to submit hirselfe to the schoole of the
crosse. 1665 J. Wess Stone-Heng (1725) 42 They present
..a certain kind of Displeasantness to the bye.
Displease (displ/z),v. Forms: 4-5 desplese,
(displess); 4-6 dis-, dysplese, displece, -pleis,
5 dysplayse, 5-6 dysplease, 5~ displease. [a-
OF. desplais-, pres. stem of desplaisir, desplaire
(pres. subj. -place, -plaise), in AF. desplere, desplese,
refashioned repr. of L. désplicére, Rom. *displacére :
cf. It. dispiace're, Sp. desplacer, Pr. desplacer: see
Piease. The 16th c. ea represented an AF, and
ME. open é from OF, az.]
1. intr. To be displeasing, disagreeable, or offen-
sive ; to cause displeasure, dissatisfaction, or dislike.
(This is app. the original use, as in Fr. and L.; but in later
Eng. it passes into an absolute use of the transitive sense 2.)
335i. EE. Allit, P.C. 1 Patience is a point, pa3 hit dis-
plese ofte. 1414 Brampton Penit. Ps. xlv. 17 He may sone
dysplese and greve. 1484 Caxton Chivalry 98, I wold
demaunde a question yf I shold not displease. 1626 Bacon
Sylva (J.), Foul sights do rather displease, in that they
excite the memory of foul things. 1705 Pore Spring 83
Ev’n spring displeases, when shines not here,
Emerson Eng. Traits, Manners Wks. (Bohn) Il. 46 They
dare to displease. : 2
+b. const. fo. Obs. Nigh déplaire a, or with
dative; L. displicére wit |
©1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 1. pr. iii. 6 (Camb, a“) To dis-
plese to wikkede men, ¢ 1380 Wyctir Serm. Sel. Wks. I.
196 pis displesip to sinful men. 1413 Pilgr. Sow/e Caxton
1483) 11. viii. 55 For somtyme theyr lewd lyf displesid to
them seluen. ¢ 1425 Wyntoun Cron, v1. xvi. -* That til
hyr fadyr dysplesyd noucht.. 1485 Caxton G. de la Tour
D vij b, Thexcusations of Eue displeasid moche to god.
2. trans. [The object represents an earlier dative:
cf. Fr. cela me deplatt, cela deplatt & Dieu.) To
be displeasing or disagreeable to ; to excite the dis-
pleasure, dissatisfaction, or aversion of; to offend,
annoy, vex, make angry.
13.. E. E, Aliit. P. B. - Penne pou dry3tyn dyspleses
with dedes ful sore. 1393 Gower Con/. ILL. 253 If it shulde
him nought displese. c¢ 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) vi. 20 If
pai speke any thing pat displesez be sowdan, ¢ 1400 Afo/,
Loll. 83 To do synne, & displece God, & deserue peyn.
c Gesta Rom. (1838) 11. xxxviii. 399 it dis me
mekelle, that ever I come hedir. 1474 Caxton Chesse 4 He
put them al to deth that displesid him, 1g29 Suffdic. to
King 53 Afrayed to — the trewethe, lest they shulde
dysplease men. 1596 Suaks. Zam, Shr. 1. i. 76 Let it not
displease thee good Bianca, For I will loue nere the
lesse my girle. 1596 — 1 //en, /V/, 1. iii. 122 You shall heare
in such an kinde from me As will displease ye. 1612 Bist
Fonag iv. x Byt it displeased Ionah dingly, and he was
very angry. 1624 Carr. Sara Virginia w. 112 This answer
..much displeased him. 1700 S. L. tr. Fryhe’s Voy. E. Ind.
35 When I considered her..as to her Fortune, I must con-
fess she did not altogether displease me. 1734 AxBuUTHNOT
in Swift's Lett. (3766) II. 205 The world, in main, dis-
leaseth me. 1841 W. Sratvine /taly & /t. Jsi. III. 150
The picture .. is one which displeases taste. 1875 JoweTr
Plato (ed. 2) I11. 223, I will not oppose you, lest I sh ld
rae the company.
t
. 1590 Suaxs. Mids, N. 1. ii, 54 Ie beleeue as soone. .
t the Moone May through the Center creepe, and so
displease Her brothers noonetide. — Meas. for Mw.
i. 13 My mirth it much displeas’d, but pleas'd my woe. x6rr
Beaum. & Fi. Maid’s 7 rag. w. i, £. Come, you will make
me blush, JMe/. 1 would, Evadne; I shall displease my
ends else,
- +b. refl. and intr. =be displeased: see c. Obs,
13.. E. E. Allit. P, A. 422 ‘Blysful’, quoth I, ey 4
trwe, Dysplesez notif I speke errour’, 1377 Lanct. Py l.
B-xur. 135 ‘At 3owre preyere’, quod pacyence so no
man displese hym’. a@14g0 Ant. de la Tour @ 160
Madame, displese you not thoughe this lady .. goo before.
¢1470 Henry |adlace x1. 269 Ye suld dis you nocht.
c. Zo be displeased: to be dissatisfied, or moved
to disapprobation or dislike; to be vexed; to be
full of displeasure or indi, on. ee os
state rather than action : cf, DISPLEASED Ppl. a.
Const. with, at, tof, t against; also with infin,
or clause.
¢1386 Cuaucer Can. Yeom, Prot. & Z. 497 Beeth no
i Gow - LL,
thyme diplesed, 1 pow ResPeig SS oo contra, Where
the king may be desplesed, . ¢x489 Caxton Sones of.
»
DISPLEASED.
A. xxi. 464 My cosin, be not dysplaysed of that I shall
telle oe 1533 Lv. Berners //uox Ixy. 222 Make as
tho
h ye were dyspleasyd with hym, 1548 Hat.
Cire. Edw, IV, (an. 14) 232 b, [He] was sore displeased
» to se hys master made a jesting stocke. 1563 WiN3ET
Four Scoir Thre Quest. Wks, 1888 I. 133 3e are ., dis-
plesit that We embrase nocht ., 30ur new interpretationis.
1593 Suaxs. 2 Hen. V'/,1. i. 155 There’s reason he should be
displeas’d at it. 1612 Bis //aé, iii. 8 Was the Lond dis-
leased against the riuers? 1638 Sir T. Hersert 77av.
te. 2) 133 Cynthia also lookt pale, as displeasd with so much
navery. 1745 P. ‘THomas ¥rn2. Anson's Voy. 16 We should
not have been displeased..to have met them with our
whole Force. 1829 D’Israett in Croker Papers (1884)
28 Jan., So many were displeased at themselves.
Displeased (displ7zd), 2/.a. [f. prec. + ED.]
The reverse of pleased ; vexed, angry, annoyed.
1581 Mutcaster Positions xxix. (1887) 109 The thinges,
which do please the displeased infantes. 1609 Shaks. 77.
& Cr. (Qo. 1) Epistle { ij, The most displeased with Playes,
are pleasd with his Commedies. 1659 Gent/. Calling (1696)
116 ‘The Heathens had Incantations to recal their displeased
Deities. me . W. Bownen Gregory V/T, I. 174Too wary
to put himself into the power of his displeased sovereign.
«| For to be displeased, with its constructions, see
DISPLEASE ¥. 2c.
Displeasedly (-7zédli), adv. [f. prec. + -LY*.]
In a displeased or vexed manner ; with displeasure.
cx6xx Cuarman //iad xv. 97 Thus took she place dis-
pleasedly, 1826 Scorr Woodst, xxxv, ‘Have I not said it?’
answered Cromwell, displeasedly. 1856 7ztax J/ag. July
10/r He muttered the last words displeasedly.
+ Displea‘sedness. (és. [f-as prec. +-NESS.]
Displeased state or condition, discontent.
156 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. ut. 197 To do penance..is
..to vtter a displeasednesse when god is angry with vs.
1680 Baxter Cath. Commun. iii. (1684) 21 It is not Pleased-
ness with the evil; therefore it is Displeasedness. a 1716
Sourn Serm, viii. 150(T.) What a confusion and displeased-
ness covers the whole soul !
Displea'ser. 7are.
One who displeases.
1641 Mitton Ch, Gove. 1. (1851) 140 It must..be a hate-
full thing to be the displeaser, and molester of thousands.
Displea‘sing, 2//. s/. [f. as prec. + -1NG!.]
The action of the verb DIsPLEASE ; offending.
1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 41 Priamus .. hadde
anon in mynde. .be displesynge [Higden contemptus] of his
messager Antenor. 1530 PatsGr, 214/1 Displeasyng, rerors,
offention. 1580 Barret Alv. D go4 Without any displeasing
of the tast. 1750 Jounson Rambler No. 26 P14 A servile
fear of displeasing.
Displea‘sing, ///.a. [f. as prec. + -ING?.]
Causing displeasure, giving offence, disagreeable.
~~ Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 17 It is..displeasing to God,
and harme to oure soules, 1552 Apr. Hamitton Catech.
(2884) 30 Displesand and nocht acceptable to God. 1597
Suaks. 2 /Yen. JV’, Epil. 10 A displeasing Play. 1643 Mit-
ton Divorce u. viii. (1851) 80 By reason of some displeasing
natural quality or unfitnes in her. 1779 Map. D’Arsiay
Diary Oct., A rich counsellor .. but, to me, a displeasing
man, 1845 M. Pattison £ss. (1889) I. 16 [The marriage]
was also. . highly displeasing to his father Chilperic.
Hence Displea‘singly adv.; Displea’singness.
a@ 1652 J. Situ Sed. Disc. viii. 394 Nothing that might ..
carry in it any bl of displeasingness. 1690 Locke
Hum, Und. 1. xxi, (1695) 149 "Tis a mistake to think, that
Men cannot change the Displeasingness or indifferency,
that is in actions, into pleasure. 1731 Battey, Déspleas-
ingly, offensively. 1753 Hocartu Anai. Beauty xi, 128
Although the form .. should be ever so confused or dis-
pleasingly shaped to the eye! 1841 W. Pater 6¢h Let.
to Wiseman 28 A virtual displeasingness in this life. 1843
Lytton Last Bar. 1. v, Associated displeasingly with re-
collections of pain.
Displea‘surable, ¢. rare. [f. DisPLEASURE
sh. + -ABLE, after pleasiirable.| The reverse of
pleasurable; unpleasant, disagreeable. Hence
Displea‘surably adv.
1660 Hexuam, Ongeriesticken, Incommodiously, Displea-
surably. 1879 H.Srencer Data Ethics xiv. 245 The required
- modes of activity must remain for innumerable generations
in some degree displeasurable. /é7d. 246 A displeasurable
tax on thegnergies.
Displeasure (disple-gittz), sd. Forms: a. 5
des-, dis-, dysplaisir, -playsir, -yr(e. 8. dis-,
dysplaysure, -pleysure, 5-6 dyspleasur(e, 6
displesour, -pleis-, -pleas-, displeasur, -or, 6-
displeasure. [In type a., a. OF. desplaistr (13th
¢c. in Hatz.-Darm.), mod.F. déplazsir, subst. use of
OF, infin, desplaisir to DisPLEaSE: cf. Pr. des-
plazer, Sp. desplacer, It. dispiacere, in subst. use. In
or 8., conformed to PLEASURE, which see for the
relation between Plazsir, pleasure.]
1. The fact or condition of being displeased or
offended ; a feeling varying according to its inten-
sity from dissatisfaction or disapproval to anger
and indignation provoked by a person or action.
a, 1484 Caxton Chivalry 81 Yre and dysplaysyre gyuen
passion and payn to the body and to the sowle.
. 1495 Act 11 Hen. VI, c. 57 Pream., All that that he
hath doon to the displeasure of your Highnes. 1535 Cover-
pate Nahum i, 2 The Lorde..reserueth displeasure for his
aduersaries. ¢1§50 Cueke Matt. iii. 7 Who hath counceld
to yow, to flie from y® displeasur to come? 1601 Suaks.
All's Weil u. v. 38, 1 know not how I haue deserued to
run into my Lords displeasure. 1769 Funius Lett. xv. 64
The royal displeasure has been signified. 1828 Scorr
a M, tg xvil, o Thou ody severe’ ont the Duke of Roth-
» With an air ispleasure. 11 RoubE Hist, Eng.
(2858) I. ii. 126 An fie ion of the displ of Heaven.
Vou, III,
[f. DispLeasE + -ER1.]
489
+b, phr. 70 take (a) displeasure: to take offence,
take umbrage ; to be displeased. Ods.
¢1489 Caxton Blanchardyn xxvi. 96 She brought thene
in remembraunce how swetly he had kyssed her, wherof
she had take so grete a dyspleasure. 1513 Brapsuaw .S/.
IVerburge 1. 1863, No man was greued nor toke dyspleasure
At this sayd mayden. 1610 Suaks. Tem, 1. i. 202 Do
you heare Monster: If I should ‘Take a displeasure against
you: Looke you. 1633 Br. Hatt //ard Te.rts 536, I began
to take displeasure against them for their wickednesse.
+2. The opposite of pleasure; discomfort, un-
easiness, unhappiness ; grief, sorrow, trouble. Ods.
a. ¢1477 CAxTon Yason 7o Appollo .. considering the
right grete displaisir in which they hadde ben, ..opened all
the entrees. 1485 — Paris & V. 22, I shall deye ..for the
grete desplaysyr that I have contynuelly in my herte.
. 14.. Compl. Mary Magda. 272 Vhey have him conveyed
to my displeasure, For here is lafte but naked sepulture.
¢ 1489 Caxton Blanchardyn xxxiv. 129 My sayd lady is in
grete displaysure, & ceaseth not nyght nor day to wysshe
hym wyth her. 1513 Brapsuaw St. Werburge 1, 11
Men .. Oppressed with pouerte, langour and dyspleasure.
1632 Litucow 7vav. u. 66 He disappointed died for
displeasure in his returne. 1630 LENNARD tr. Charron's
Wisd. (1658) 24 ‘The humane receiveth from his body plea-
sure and displeasure, sorrow and delight. a@1704 Lockr
(J.), When good is proposed, its absence carries displeasure
or pain with it. 1875 W. K. Ciirrorp Lect. (1879) II. 126 A
feeling .. as distinct .. as the feeling of pleasure in a sweet
taste or of displeasure at a toothache.
+b. with @ and f/, An instance of this. Ods.
GF rhb;
c1gro Barciay Mirr. Gd. Manners (1570) Cj, Hauing for
one pleasure displeasures eight or nine. 1542 Boorpr
Dyetary viii. (1870) 246 It doth ingendre the crampe, the
owte & other displeasures. 1681-6 J. Scorr Chr. Life
Ga III. 338 A mutual Sense and feeling of each others
Pleasures and Displeasures.
3. That which causes or occasions offence or
trouble; injury, harm; a wrong, an offence. arch.
a, 1470-85 Matory Arthur 1x. xix, I dyd to hym no dis-
pleasyre. 148 Caxton Myrv. 11. xiii. 162 Thus auenged
he hym on her for the displaysir that she had don to hym.
B. 1494 Fasyan Chron, vi. clxi, 154 Y° great daunger that
he was in agaynste God for the dyspleasurys doon to hym.
1534 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford 124 They might
..doe displeasure and execute theire malice upon the in-
habitants. 1577 Hanmer Ane. Eccl, Hist. (1619) 364 He
was..incensed, and promised to worke them a displeasure.
tsgo Suaks. Com, Err, iv. iv. 119 Hast thou delight to
see a wretched man Do outrage and displeasure to him-
selfe? 1662 J. Barcrave Pope Alex, V1 (1867) 36 Antonio
was still a thorn in his side, doing him all the displeasures
he could. 1866 Howe ts Venet. Life 19 To do you a service
and not a displeasure.
+4. A state of unpleasant or unfriendly relations ;
a disagreement, ‘difference’. Ods.
sso J. Coxe Eng. § Fr. Heralds (1877) § 72. 81 Wyllyam
Conquerour..upon certayne dyspleasures betwene hym and
the french kyng, passed ..into Fraunce. 1568 GrartTon
Chron. Il. 138 A displeasure and variance began to growe
betwene the Constable of the Tower, and the Citizens of
London. 1570-6 LamBarpve Peramé, A ent (1826) 215 During
the displeasure betweene him and Earle Godwin.
Displea‘sure, v. arch. [f. prec. sb.] trans.
To cause displeasure to; to annoy; to displease.
1540-1 Etyor /age Gov. 109 Hated be he of goddes and
of men that would you displeasure. 1563 /Zomdlies u. Of
Almsdeeds t. (1859) 387 He ..is both able to pleasure and
displeasure us. 1625 Bacon E£ss.. Ambition (Arb.) 227
When the Way of Pleasuring and Displeasuring, lieth by
the Favourite. 1829 Sourney O. Newman vi, Not for
worlds Would I do aught that might displeasure thee.
1849 Wuirtier Marg. Smith's Frnl. Prose Wks. 1889 I. 25
Our young gentleman, not willing to displeasure a man so
esteemed as Mr. Richardson.
+b. transf. Obs.
1570 Dre Math. Pref. 24 Elementall bodies, are altered...
and displeasured, by the Influentiall working of the Sunne.
Displea‘surement. vare. [f. prec. + -MENT.]
Displeasure.
1882 Symonps Animi Figura 134 He Quailed ‘neath his
Maker's just displeasurement.
+ Displei'ted, 72. pple. Obs. [f. Dis- 6+ plete,
Puart, PLeat v. + -ED.] Not marked with pleats
or folds; free from folds.
1619 Lusuincton Refetition-Serm. in Phenix (1708) II.
484 The Kerchief so wrapt and displeited, as tho yet it had
not been us’d; and yet so laid aside, as tho he would have
come again.
Displendour, v. zonce-wd. [f. di-=D1s- 7a
+SPLENDOUR.] ¢vans. To deprive of splendour.
1854 Syp. Dopett Balder xxiv. 165 Sole wandering, like
an ted god—Displendoured, undeclared, but not
unknown. | 4 a
Displenish (displenif), v. Sc. [f. Dis- 6 +
PLENISH v. to furnish: cf. DEPLENISH.] rans.
To deprive of furniture or supplies of any kind; to
divest of (farm) stock ; to disfurnish.
1639 R. Batti Lett. (1775) I. xi. 166 Albeit we had got
these two years a great store of arms .. yet we were .. sore
displenished before. 1873 GrErK1E G?. ys Age i. 1 Large
areas of forest-land had been displenished.
Hence Disple‘nishing vé/.s.; also Disple‘nish
sb., Disple‘nishment, the action of displenishing.
Displenish(ing) sale (Sc.), a sale of farm stock and utensils
at the expiry of a lease.
1863 Montrose Standard 14 sp x Displenish sale of
growing corn, 1864 N. Brit. Advertiser 21 May, Dis-
plenishing Sale .. at Orbost, Isle of Skye .. Cattle, Stock,
and Household Furniture. 1893 C. A. Mottyson Parish
of Fordou 107 An important displenish sale.
Displeyer, obs, form of DICE-PLAYER,
DISPLUME,
+Displicable, a. Ods. [ad. med.L. désplicé-
dilis displeasing (Du Cange), f. L. dsplicére to
DIspLEAsE, with Eng. suffix -ABLE.] Displeasing.
1471 Ripcey Comp, Alch. Pref. in Ashm, (1652) 121 That
never my lyvyng be to thee dysplycable.
+ Displicence. Ols. [ad. L. désplicentia dis-
pleasure, f. d¢ésplicére to DISPLEASE. Cf. the earlier
DISPLACENCE.] Displeasure, dissatisfaction.
1605 Bett Motives conc. Romish Faith 102 Durand saieth,
the faulte is remitted in purgatorie, for the displicence of
venials, which the soules haue in that place. 1648 W.
Mounrtacug Devout Ess. 1. ii. § 2 (R.), Put on a serious
displicence .. that they may not incurre this menace of
Christ, ‘Woe be unto you that laugh now’. 1680 Baxter
Cath. Commun.(1684) 16 Complacence is the first act of the
will upon Good as Good .. Displicence is its contrary, and
its object is Evil as Evil. 1736 H. Coventry Philem. to
Hyd. (V.), Devotion towards heaven, and a general dis-
plicence and peevishness towards every thing besides.
Displicency (di'splisénsi). [fas prec. + -ENcy.]
‘The fact or condition of being displeased or dis-
satisfied; = Dispuacency. Self-displicency: the
condition of being dissatisfied with oneself.
1640 Bp. Reynotps Passions xxxi, 320 A selfe-displicency
and severity towards our owne Erraurs. 1680 Baxter
Cath, Commun. (1684) 20 Aquinas, Scotus, Ockam, Duran-
dus..commonly ascribed Displicency, as well as Compla-
cence to God. 1745 J. Mason Self Knol, 1, xvi. (1853) 119
Complacency and Displicency in reference to the Objects of
the Mind. 1816 Br. J. Jens Let. in L7fe lit. 523 It is not
without self-displicency, and self-accusation, that I look
upon..your letter, 1886 J. Warp in “ucycl. Brit, XX.
70/2 (Psychology) ‘Vhe like holds where self-complacency or
displicency rests on a sense of personal worth or on the
honour or affection of others.
Displiment. once-wd. [from compliment:
ef. Dis- 9.] An uncomplimentary speech.
1868 Heirs Realmah xvii, It was a high compliment:
delicately veiled. . All my displiments (if I may coin a word
for the occasion) are (when unmasked) highly complimen-
tary.
Displing, vé/. sb. and ffl. a.: see DISPLE.
+Displode, v. Obs. [ad. L. displod-cre to
burst asunder, f. Dis- 1 + planudere to clap.) a.
trans. To drive out or discharge with explosive
violence. b. zzév. To burst with a noise; to
explode. Hence Displo'ded, Displo‘ding ppl.
ads.
1667 Mutton P. LZ. vi. 605 Rankt..In posture to displode
thir second tire Of Thunder. 1704 Swiet 7. 7nd viii.
(1709) 97 Fetching it .. in certain bladders, and disploding
it among the sectaries in all nations. 1708 J. Puttirs Cyder
1. 13 More dismal than the loud disploded Roar Of brazen
Enginry. 1742 Younc V4. 7h. vi. 488 Like rubbish from
disploding engines thrown, Our magazines of hoarded
trifles fly. 1812 F. Jerrrey in Ldin. Rev. Nov. 332 The
pent-up vapours disploded with the force of an earthquake.
+ Displo'sion. és. [n. of action f. L. displod-
eve, displos- to DispLopE; cf. Expnosion.] The
action of disploding ; explosive discharge.
1656 Biount Glassogr., Displosion, a breaking asunder as
abladder. 1666 G. Harvey Jord. Angi. iv. 32 That im-
petuous displosion of blood to a great distance. 1715-20
Pore Iliad xvi. 904 note (Seager) After the displosion of
their diabolical enginry. 1742 Younc N/¢. 7h. 1x. 793 As
when whole magazines, at once, are fir'd..The vast dis-
plosion dissipates the clouds. 1790 H. Boyp Ruins of
Athens, With horrible displosion doom’d to shake The
thrones of Elam,
+ Displo'sive, a. Ods. [f. as prec. + -IVE; cf.
EXpLosive.] That pertains to displosion or ex-
plosive discharge ; eruptive.
r7tx Deruam in Phil, Trans. XXVII. 276 Smoaking,
Displosive..Matter, that causeth a new Eruption. .
+ Displo't, v. Ods. [Dis- 6 or 7.] a. éér.
To undo a plot or plan. b. trans. To dis-
arrange.
1600 Apr. Asnot Exp. Fonah 592 Which of these had not
much leifer that all the state should be troubled, than his
haire be displotted. 1683 CuaLknit, 7healma § C7. 29 Still
his working brain Plots and displots, thinks and unthinks
again. r
Displume (displm),v. [f. D1s- 7a + PLuME
sb.; but in Caxton prob. ad. obs. F. desplumer ‘to
plume or deprive of feathers’ (Cotgr.).]
+1. trans. Of birds: To cast (their feathers) ; to
moult. Obs.
1480 Caxton Ovid's Met. x1.i, Lyke as the fowles dys-
plume theyr fethers and the trees theyr levys.
2. To strip of plumes; = DEPLUME I.
1623 tr. Favine's Theat. Hon. u. i. 63 Desirous to dis-
lume ‘the great Romanic Eagle. a SwinsurNE Songs
ef, Sunrise, Wastes where the wind’s wings break Dis-
plumed by daylong ache And anguish of blind snows.
b. transf. and fig. =DEPLUME 2.
1606 Sy_vester Du Bartas u. iv. 1. Trophies 1347 Hum-
blenes may flaring Pride displume. 1614 Jackson Creed
ut. To Rdr. Avja, Academicall wits might displume them
of these figge-tree leaues and manifest their nakednes to
the world. 1856 R. A. VaucHan Mystics (1860) IL. x. ii,
196 Fénélon, so pitiably displumed of all his shining virtues.
Hence Displu'med /#/. a.
1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 250 Abundance of
tame ducks, and a number of displumed geese. 1814 W. Tay-
tor in Monthly Mag. XXXVIII. 440 A helmet dis-
lumed overshades his gray hair. Yeap Sousa inQ. Rev.
XXV. 139 His companion. .reported the vanquished and
displumed condor to be still alive. 1883 Stevenson S7/-
verado Sq. (1886) 5 ‘The displumed hills stood clear against
the sky.
. 620"
DISPOINT.
Dispnoea: see Dysprm@a.
(e, obs. form of Despor,
+ ‘nt, v.1 Obs. Also 5 des-, 5-6 dis-,
dyspoynt. [a. OF. despointier, pointer (14th c.
in Godef.), f. des-, Dis- 4 + -pointier in apointier
to Appoint ; cf. obs. It. dispontare, dispuntare to
disappoint (Florio). ]
1. “rans. To dismiss (from an appointment), dis-
card ; to deprive of. [OF. despointer de.]
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 171 b/1 Flaccus = hymself
dyspoynted and mocked t torned oe hy = tes
of A. uu. v. 175 Thoo that faille theyre Pig in ry be-
err ought to be dyspoynted of the landes that they soo
2. To disappoint, balk. Const. of
1494 Fasyan Chron, v. ciii. 78 Cramyrus was thus dis-
| gp one of the ayde of Conobalde. 1530 PatsGr. 521/1,
dispoynt, or hynder him of his purpose, or I breake a
tement with a person. 1534 More 7reat. Passion
W 1313/1 Who so for goddes sake is contente to lacke an
howse, shall not be dyspoynted dar they shoulde nede it.
1535 Coverpate /s. xvili]. 13 Vp Lorde, dispoynte him &
cast him downe. 1565 Gotpinc Ovid's Met. x1. (1567) 136,
But Phebus streyght preuenting y® same thing, Dispoynts
the Serpent of his bit, and turnes him into stone.
Dispoi-nt, v.” rare. [f. Dis- 7a + Point sd, Cf.
obs. It. dispuntare, mod. spuntare, Sp. despuntar
to take off the point.) ¢vans. To deprive of the
point.
?26xx Sytvester Du Bartas u. iv. wv. Decay gos His
hooks dispointed disappoint his haste.
+ Dispointment. 0és. vare. In 5 des-. [a.
OF. FE, Sec pa (15th c. in Godef.) : see Dis-
POINT v.1 and -MENT.] Deprivation of or dismissal
from appointment or office.
1484 Caxton Curiall 5 They .. that ben hyest enhaunsed
ben after theyr despoyntement as a spectacle of enuye.
Dispoliate, -ation, var. ff. DESPOLTATE, etc.
1607 Br. J. Kinc Serm, Nov. 24 Excommunicate, depose,
dispoliate Eagle and Falkons. 1658 Puitutps, Dispoliation.
Dispollu‘te, v. rare. [Dis-6.] trans. To
free from pollution.
1862 Sat, Rev. X1V.537/2 The Thames—to use their own
recondite word—is not ‘dispolluted’. 1868 Standard 21
Mar. 5/1 To combine the whole drainage system of London,
so as to dispollute the Thames.
Dispond: sce DEsponD.
Dispondee (daispe” ndz). Pros. [ad. L. dé-
spondeus, Gr. diondvbeos, f. Di- 2 + onovdeios
SponpEg. (Also used in L. form.)] A double
spondee.
Be es Puituirs (ed. Kersey), Dispondzus (in Grammar),
ble Spondee, a Foot in Greek or Latin Verse consist-
ing of Four long Sylables; as dratdrés. 1740 Dycue &
Parvon, Disfondee, in Latin Poetry, . foot consisting of
four long syllables, or two spondees. LoweELi Study
Wind, (1886) 241 One has no patsbocs with the dispon-
dzuses, the pwon primuses.
Hence Disponda‘ic a., of or pertaining to a dis-
pondee: cf. SPONDAIC. In recent Dicts.
Dispone (dispdwn),v. Chiefly Se. Ods. exc. in
legal sense 4. Also 5 des-, dyspone, dispoyn,
6 disponde. [ad. L. dispine ‘re to set in different
places, place here and there, arrange, dispose, f.
Dis- 1 + ponére to place: cf. rare OF. disponer
(Godef.). Dispoyn and disponde were dialectal
variants, the latter possibly from OF. despondre.
The Latin verb exists in It. as désfonere, dis-
porre, in Sp. disponer, Pg. despor, and survived in
OF. despondre. The latter was supplanted by des-
poser, disposer, as shown under Dispose. Disponer
was a learned adaptation of a#spond>
+1. ¢rans. To set in order, arrange, dispose. Ods.
€1374 Cuaucer Troylus iv. 936 (964) God seth euery ping
- hem desponeth, bourgh his ordenaunce. AR-
pour Bruce x1. 29 God . . dis — at his liking, a his
ordinanss, all etd, 4 1533 Au Richt Vay (1888) 90 Lat
vsz _— thy godlie wil quhilk disponis althing to our
id. ARDE tr. ae Secr. = a it, and
my in a panne or scillet, upon sifted ashes. 1
aes tr. Canisius’ Catech, 107 Y® clerks .. to ome
y® priests..to dispone y* people resorting to y® haly
mysteries,
+2. To dispose piyscaly or mentally /o or for
ares: to incline. Ods.
ynTouN Cron, 1X. xxvii, 328 As he dysponit h:
Pode Ad agro Dovuctas KX. Hart 1. 58 Than Jouthheid
said .. dispone 3ow with me ryde. 1553 Q. Kennevy Com-
Tract. in Wodrow Soc. Misc. 4) 144 The Spirite
of God, disponand every gude Christin man to be the mair
able to kelp | the law of God. 1613 M. Rivtey Magn.
Bodies 12 The Magneticall Inclinatory-needle ..is con-
formed and disponed unto the Axis of the Earth.
+3. To dispose of, give away, distribute. Ods.
(In Wes _ dispond there is perh. confusion with d/spend.)
seen ts § Inv. N, C, (Surtees 1835) 80 All yees goodes
an Dada ob aforesaid I wyll my-son doo and dispoyn as
he wol answer afore god. ¢1§00 Lancelot us His gudis al
for to dispone also In his seruice. 1545 Wtdls & Inv. N.C.
ora i 11 —— I me ng my Executoure to di
ane all thynges for the healthe of my soulle. 1580 /éid.
es I will that it be disponded Amongeste
sown thre.
+b. To i esi 4 out ( some object).
1570 Br. or Ross in =} Poor Hist. Scotl. App. 67 67 The
sums you writ for, to be disponit upon the furnishing of the
Castle of Edinburgh,
490
4. Sc. Law, To make over, convey, assign, grant,
officially or in 1 form. ro
Lynpesa’ 8 Imprudent Prencis.
cit all ries Ae Le 1560 in Tee
Scot. (Seni. 397 The dans grace..is alread:
to sundry men certain rowmes in these north part: 1639
Meg. Hamitton £-xplan. aoe Oath 16 ‘All bie bishopricks
vaicking .. shall be only disp
ministers in the kirk. — Wodrow Pde (1843) il. 577
Renae teat elans een
e his t to it g 1832 Austin Furispr. (18 ‘IL
li. 864 It is of the essence of _fiae Rents Forse) 1
sently entitled may di ¢ the property. 186: W. ex.
Dict. Law Scot. 292, ¢ disponer or maker of the deed
‘sells and dispones’, or where the deed is tuitous,
‘gives, grants, and dispones’, ~ subject of the deed to the
receiver, who is technical led the disponee.
+ 5. intr. or adbsol. 1 order matters, arrange,
make disposition or arrangement. Odés.
¢ 1500 Lancelot 1590 This maister saith, * How lykith god
dispone !’ 1508 Dunsar Poems iv. 98 Sen for the deid remeid
is non, Best is that we for dede [#.e. death] dispone. 1500-20
a xxxvi. 13 ane thow hes space se thow dispone..
Thyne awin gud spend quhill thow hes space, a 1605
Montcomerte Misc. Poems xxxiv. pf All lyes into 3our
will, As 3e list to dispone.
+6. intr. with of (on, upon): To dispose of,
deal with. Ods.
a. ©1374 Cuaucer Troylus v. 300 Of my moeble pow dis-
pone Right as pe semeth best is fortodone, 1535 STEWART
Cron. Scot. 111. 14 Of his tua sisteris first he wald dispone.
1565 Linpesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot.(1768) 120(Jam.) No
casualty could fall tothe King in Scotland but was disponed
of by the advice of Cochran.
b. 1546 Sc. Acts Mary (1814) 474 (Jam.) It is vncertane
how thai will dispone vpoun him, and quether thai will let
him to liberte or nocht. 1639 J. Corner Ungirding Scott.
Arm. 16 Yow spair not..to. .dispone upon the Kings forts
and castles, as you think good, 1818 Scott Br. Lamm. v,
The Laird of Bucklaw’s fine to be disponed upon, 1820 —
Monast. xxxiii, To dispone upon the goods.
Hence Dispo‘ned ///. a., assigned, conveyed,
= over; Dispo:ning v/. sé., disposing.
YB Rasrai L et eee Fewells Serm. 114b, The
yng or disponing of any creature. 1823 Brown Hist.
Brit Churches 1. iii. 72 These or higher superiors might
seize on said disponed houses or lands for themselves.
Disponee (dispoun7). Sc. Law. [f. prec. +
-EE.]_ The person to whom property is conveyed.
1746-7 Act 20 Geo. //, c. 50. § 12 A procuratory of resigna-
tion in favour of such purchaser or disponee, 1773 Exskine
Inst. Law Scot, 11. vii. § 3(Jam.) Such right, after it is
acquired by the disponer himectf, ought not to hurt the
disponee, 1863 Paterson Hist. Ayr II. 771 He purchased
the regality of Failfoord from the disponees of Sir Thomas
Wallace Dunlop.
Disponent (dispownént), a. [ad. L. disponent-
em, pr. pple. of disponcre : see Dispone,] Dispos-
ing; inclining in a certain direction, or towards
a particular end.
1613 M. Riviey A/agn. Bodies 36 The disponent vertue
of the Magneticall globe of the Earth, 1635 Swan Sfec. Mf.
vi. § 2 (1643) 197 ‘he sunne is a disponent, though not
roductive cause of this saltnesse [of the sea]. 1846 Sir
w. Hamitton Diss, in Reia’s Wks, 771 Its exciting, dis-
ponent .. cause.
Disponer (dispa"na1). Sc. [f. Dispone v.]
+1. One who disposes or arranges. Ods.
1553 Q. Kennepy Compend. Tract. in Wodrow Soc.
Mise. (1844) 151 The procuraris, d is and i
of sick monsterus farssis.
2. The person who conveys or makes over property.
ax662 D. Dickson Pract. Writ. (1845) 1. 229 The da
poner of the inheritance. 1773 {see Disroner). 1814 Scorr
Wav. x, He possessed himself of the estate .. to the pre-
judice of the disponer’s own flesh and blood, 1868 Act
31-32 Vict. c. 101. § 8 All unrecorded conveyances to which
the disponer has right.
Disponge, var. form of DispunGE.
Dageaibio, «- [f. L. dispin-cre to DISPONE
+-BLE.] Capable of being dis ere or assigned.
Hence Disponibility, capabili ty of being dis-
poned; condition of being at one’s disposal.
1862 7imes 6 Feb. 8/2 We are glad to have a Government
in disponibility as well as one actually at work.
Dispo pope (dispdu PR v. [D1s- 7b, Cf med.L,
— re.) trans, To de iM of the popedom.
H. Sypexnam Serm. Sol. Occ. (1637) 298 Whilst they
endeavour to dis-pope her they woul gery all Chris-
tendom., 1855 Mitman Lat. Chr. III. 266 Albert was
chosen Pope and ‘di d’ in the same day (Maratori
says on et J ‘eNNYSON //arold 1. i. 70, | had my
Canterbury pa’ lium | rom one whom they dispoped.
e,v. rare, [Dis- 6; —_ F. dé-
populariser.| trans, To deprive of popularit:
og We Toon in Ann, oo. “hier A an diapocilin
. to thwart and d
‘pulate, v. Obs. rare. [Dis- 6.) =
DEPOPULATE.
1588 R. Parke tr. Mendoza’s Hist. China 198 Leauing it
[the Cittie] seed downe and dispopulated,
+ Dispopulo'sity. Ods. rare. [D1s-9.] Un-
piouiomc tty on
1632 Lirucow 7yavz. tv, 166 There is another reason of
the dispopulosity of these parts.
Disport (dispde "at, sb. sb. arch, Also 4-5 des-,
5 dys-. [a. AF. disport, OF. desport, commonly
oy ‘ disport, sport, pastime, recreation, pleasure’
(Cotgr.), f. desporter: see next. For'Sense 5, cf.
Deport sé.]
P P 1s
DISPORT. |
1. Diversion from serious duties; relaxation, re-
creation ; entertainment, amusement. avch.
hys dysport To make Florens cumfort. Barpour
'ruce it, 586 Wes nane that euir disport m
st , and fra rowyng. ¢1386 Cuaucer Man of Law's
‘o Rome for to wende, Were it for or
ae
fer diegpet. — Merch. T. 680 Dooth hym — he is
a_gentil man. ¢ Mavnpev. (18: He tak
ag 4 op D ete e ~4
be
433 /1 Prayed . - that she myght hase . . hir suster wyth
for hir dy
tainment ; a pastime, game, s
¢ 1380 Sir Ferumb. 2217 Tel me furst by py lay; wat dob
3our men of fraunce; hure disport & ck hi
c1400 Maunbev, (1839) iii. 17 A fair place fi
ynges or _ other Pleyes and d es.
+3. ee mirth, fun. Obs.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Prof. 138 Sikerly she was of greet desport,
Pa plesaunt, pat phe of port. 1659 Hevuin
| Animadv., in Fuller's Appeal (1840) 321 It was..a matter
after. 1720 Gay Poems (1745) I. 117 Th A
surround the drunken wight. 180 Stautr pois ¢
111. vi. 220 To the great amusement and disport of Gs gules
spectators.
+4. The making sport of. Obs. rare.
1667 Waternouse Fire Lond. 159 King Sesostrio. .caused
four captive Kings to draw his Coach. .he prided his incon-
stant Fortune, in the desport of their Vassalage.
+ 5. Bearing, ca . deportment. Obs. rare
1761 Sterne 77, Sh ly IV. xxii, I — myself ..
such fanciful guise of cardan disport, that right sore om
1 ashamed now.
(disp6ezt), v. Forms: 4-5 desporte,
5-6 dys-, 5- dis-. [a. AF. desporter (Bozon),
OF. desporter, depporter, usually deporter, to divert,
of no mean disport amongst the Varvara for a Tong. time
amuse, please (Godef.); ref. ‘to cease, forbeare,
leaue off, giue ouer ; also to disport, play, recreate
himselfe, passe away the time (Cotgr.); f. des-,
Dis- 1 + porter iL. portare to carry, bear. For
the sense ‘ divert, amuse’, cf. the similar develop-
ment of F, divertir, déduire, the notion being that
of turning, leading, or carrying away the attention
from serious or occu) a
+1. trans. To divert (from sadness, ennui, or the
like) ; to amuse, to entertain. Ods.
cr Cuaucer JT roylus ww. (724) nen here
comflrten . And with here Reagh: : dea By Age
disporten
Gowns Con os PL 1.75 ane prs Rh wif conforted
alle weies 1430 Lypc. a B ence 15
in]s, quinces, ben al pont to teout,
pis se corns to ‘o recomfort. 1638 Sir T. enw Pe,
(ed.2) forces Barames to weare womens
with a Distaffe in’s hand to disport the insult! aioe
eS /bid. (1677) 12 Well I remember that all way we
. we were disported by Whales.
2. rae To disport oneself: to cheer, divert,
amuse, or enjoy oneself ; to — oneself pleasur-
ably ; now es. to play wantonly, frolic, gambol,
tet to display oneself sportive
Cuaucer L. G. W. 1441 HG bey
Ms: ‘o saylyn to that lond hyn Le c
Mavnpev. (Roxb.) xxxiv. 154 = Whe sitt.. Goris to
Moth @1/: Go dis-
felowes. Sua
Hen, VI, w.v.8
Powe) handing thle way way a
or Hawtn. //ist. a s. (1711) 104 Whilst he dis-
ported himself at 7 cout of France. 1742 Warsurton
Comm. Pope's Ess. Man Wks. 1811 X1, 142 having dis-
rted himself at will, in the flowery paths of fancy. 1879
Brennonn Pat fag ag 77 ye Sepuatia themselves
in the water, 1887 Bowen V;
Sicilian measure was well
3. intr. (for refl.) = prec.
1480 Caxton Chron, Se ma py ‘cel (xqta)aby ed a
+. come in to englond "Ther ath
and to aay lg Sinus 2 i
disporting on
RUMM,
irg. vi. 2 My Muse in
un eae eK ocaneeutannsell Lae
bee drunken. 1712-14 Pore fan Lock 1, 66 Where ligh
disports in nee ayes, ee Gert
W; 1. iii, The fla
oa nken: 1847 J. Witsox “i ord fx sis) HH a its 21 "See
the cubs disporting at the mouth of
7s. ? To deport oneself. Ods ar
Loneuicu Kate-9 xxxvi, 281 “At them} table
Iset - was, and _ re hym al that day As a man
that In letargye
+8. tran, ? To divert, or tum away. Obs. rare.
1450 Paston Lett, No. 122. 1. The lay of oier and
shall holde at Norwich on Moneda t
SA ates cag govt lt pe
- of his comyng to the
DISPORTATION.
at
ho an ouerb
+Disporter. ds. [ c :
One who makes sport or jests ; a jester, juggler.
tr. Higden (Rolls) IV. 31 Bledgarec..callede god
of disporters [Higden deus joculatorum). ;
Hence + Dispo'rteress, Ods., a female jester.
¢ 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode w. xxxvi. (1869) 194, I thouhte
she was a jowgleresse and a disporteresse to folk.
porting, v/. sé. [f. Disportv. + -1NG1.]
The action of the verb Disporr; diversion, amuse-
ment; sportive action, gambolling.
1s6x T. Hopy tr. Castiglione’s Courtyer 1. B, Their ac-
customed trade of disportinge and ordinary recreations.
1593 T. Watson 7ears of Francie xxvi. Poems (Arb.) 191 It
my Mistris once to take the aire Amid the vale of
e for her disporting. 1809 W. Irvinc Anickerd. u. iv.
(1849) 102, I must fain resign all poetic disportings of the
fancy. 1887 L. Ouirnanr Lfisodes 149 The clumsy dis-
portings of a baby elephant.
(Disporting (K., from Prynne), misprint of
dispoiling, Desportine in Act 1 Hen. VII. c. 6.]
ispo'rtive, @.7ave. [f. Disport v. + -1VE;
cf. sportive.] Inclined to disport; sportive. Hence
Dispo'rtively adv., in sport.
1773 J. Ross Fratricide 1. 739(MS.) Abel to him calls
The sons of Cain disportive from hisside. 1793 J. WiLttams
Auth, Mem. Warren Hastings 48 Nero disportively made
Innocence and Merit bleed. 1810 Alorning Herald 30 Apr.,
Tinting the cheeks of their royal brethren, disportively, as
they passed. 1813 T. Bussy Lucretius 1. 353 The fleecy
breed. .on the joyous grass disportive feed.
Dispo‘rtment. [f.as prec. +-MENT.] Diver-
sion, amusement ; = Disport sd.
1660 H. More Myst. Godt, 81 With their obscene gestures
and meretricious disportments. /d/d. 150 ‘The enjoyment
of those disportments and pleasures. x National V6b-
server 13 Jan. 221/1 The old-style novelist plunged into
a Bohemia of love and debt and disportment.
Disposabi'lity. [f. next+-1ry.] The quality
of being disposable ; ability to be disposed of.
1830 Examiner 67/1 The disposibility of the person by
Government has obviously been the only point considered.
1833 Mraser’s Mag. VII.655 What can bring back the com-
mand and disposability of back-rents, while the present
national debt remains. 1858 J. Martineau Stud. Chr. 352
The ultimate security—-on whose disposability in the last
resort..the very existence of Society depends.
Disposable (dispézib’l), a. Also 7 dispos-
ible, 8-9 disposeable. [f. Dispose v. + -ABLE.]
1. Capable of being disposed or inclined ; inclin-
able (¢o something), rare.
| 1652 GauLe Magastrom. 113 That the aire be naturally
inclined to the art, or easily disposible thereto. 1880 [im-
plied in DisposaBLENESsS: see below].
2. Capable of being disposed of; that may be
got rid of, made over, or dealt with in some way ;
capable of being put to some use, available; at
(some one’s) disposal.
7643 Prynne 7reachery & Disloyalty, etc. v. 85 (R.) Most
of the great officers..are hereditary, and not disposable by
the king. a1679'T. Goopwin Is, II. 1v. 124 (R.) Hisown
mercy and grace .. the riches thereof are disposable no way
but to the use and benefit of creatures. 1796 Burke Regic.
Peace u. Wks. VIII. 252 The great riches .. easily afforded
a disposeable surplus. 1812 WELLINGTON Disf. 26 Oct. in
Examiner 23 Nov. 740/2 A very large proportion .. would
be dis ble for service. 1856 Masson £ss., Story of 1770,
233 They were more coe asliterary ware. 1886 Law
ep. 31 Ch. Div. 276 There must be some disposable pro-
perty under the settlement.
Hence Dispo'sableness.
1880 H. Macmittan in Sund. Mag. Mar. 173 A disposable-
ness of mind which fits us to take part in any duty.
Disposal (dispduzal). [f. Dispose v. + -au 5.]
The act or faculty of disposing, in various senses.
+1. The action of arranging, ordering, or regu-
lating by right of power or possession; control,
direction, management ; esf. Divine control of the
course of events ; ordinance, appointment, dispen-
sation; =DIsposition 3. Ods.
1648 Mitton Tenure Kings (1650) 3 God, out of his provi-
dence and high disposal. 1671 — Samson 210 Tax not
divine dispos 1696 Wuiston 7h. Earth (1722) 8 An un-
usual and miraculous disposal of things. 1710 M. Henry
Comm. Eccl. iii. it God changeth his disposals and yet is
in his Cc
Cc
2. The action of disposing of, putting away, get-
ting rid of, settling, or definitely dealing with.
1648 Gace West Ind. xiv. 93 A Letter which he had writ
on ig the disposall ur p 1688 Col. Rec.
Pennsylv. 1, 235 Touching y* Great Seal’s Disposall in his
absence. 1731 Gay Let. ee ir Apr. in Swift's Lett.
(a7 “w anes a the _ : of an enon.
'° ‘ARKES Pract. Hygiene (e 505 The disposal
of the dead is always a anaes of diecalty. 1885 Law
Times UXXX. 138/1 To devote about a week .. at the end
of each sitting to the disposal of these actions.
3. The action of bestowing, giving, or making
over ; bestowal, assignment.
1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 265 To his second
Son he had given the Seniory .. with other subsequent dis-
posals. 1727 Pore 7h. Var. Sudj. in Suifi's Whe (1755)
491
II. 1. 229 To use his credit in the disposal of an employment
to a person .. fittest for it. 1783 Burke Sf. L. /udia Bill
Wks. IV. 120 The disposal by parliament of any office de-
rived from the authority of the crown. :
b. Alienation, making over, or parting with, by
sale or the like.
1697 Dampier Voy, I. 503 To sell some commodities, that
he had not yet disposed of... He chose rather to leave the dis-
posal of them to some Merchant there. 1845 SrerpHen Laws
Eng. (1874) 11. 44 The right of disposal is suspended. a 1855
Miss Mitrorp in L’Estrange Life (1870) I. v. 118, I am
happy that the speedy disposal of the pictures will enable
you. .to settle this unpleasant affair.
4. Power or right to dispose of, make use of, or
deal with as one pleases; control, command,
management: usually in phr. at (272) one’s disposal.
1630 WapswortH Pi/gr. viil. 82 My Father being dead,
and I at my owne disposall. 1667 Br. S. Parker Censure
Platon. Philos. 7 Though the biggest portions of our
felicity be at our own disposals. a 1698 TempLe Ess., Diff.
Cond. Life Wks. 1731 1. 308 A Man in Publick Affairs, is
like one at Sea; never in his own Disposal, but in that of
Winds and Tides. 1711 STEELE Sfect. No. 154 P3 A very
pretty young Lady, in her own Disposal. 1767 Biackstone
Comm. 11. 216 The lords, who had the disposal of these
female heiresses in marriage. 1856 Froupe //ist. ng. (1858)
1. i. 84 Sufficient funds having been. . placed at the disposal
of the Government.
5. Arrangement, placing in a particular order : =
DISPOSITION I.
1828 Wenster s.v. Disposal, This object was effected by
the disposal of the troops in two lines. 1842 / raser's Jay.
XXVI. 472 The admirable disposal of the drapery. 1890
A. Gissinc Village Hampden 1. viii. 190 A very tasteful
disposal about the granary of flowers. .and evergreens,
Dispose (dispdz), v. Also (5 dispoose, dis-
poyse); 5-6 dys-, 6-7 des-. [a. OF. dispose-r,
rarely desp- (12-13th c. in Hatzf.), f. L. dés-, Dis-
1+ foser to place, lay down (see Pose, KEPOSE) ;
substituted for L. dzsponcre (which came down in
OF. as despondre: see DIsponr), by form-associa-
tion with inflexions and derivatives of the latter, as
dispos, disposition, etc. Cf. CoMPOSE, DEPOSE.]
I. Transitive senses.
1. To place (things) at proper distances apart and
in proper positions with regard to each other, to
place suitably, adjust; to place or arrange in a
particular order. —
1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 109 (Matz.) Pe citee .. is
disposed pat pe water pat falleb dounward .. no fen makeb
and rennep into cisternes. ¢ 1391 CHAUcER A stro/. 1. § 21
The sterres .. ben disposed in signis of bestes, or shape like
bestes. 1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. VI (an. 3) 87 b, Or the
Frenchmen had either desposed their garrison, or appoynted
their lodgynges. 1576 FLeminc Panofpl. Epist. 257 Direc-
tions and precepts, how you should order and dispose your
studies. 1590 SPENSER /. Q. U1. viii. 26 Words, well dispost,
[vimes ghost, bost, most] Have secrete powre t’ appease in-
flamed rage. 1628 Sir J. Beaumont Bosworth F. 659 This
done, these valiant Knights dispose their Blades. 1628 ‘I.
Spencer Logick 248 Precepts, which teach vs, to dispose
arguments in a Syllogisme. 1695 Woopwarp Nat. //ist.
Earth Pref., Vhe said Terrestrial Matter is disposed into
Strata or Layers. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 412 ?7 ‘The
different Colours of a Picture, when they are well disposed,
set off one another. 1777 W. DatrympLe 7rav. SP. & Port.
xxvi, The town is situated on a rising ground and hand-
somely disposed. 1790 Parry //ore Pau. i. 7, 1 have dis-
posed several instances of agreement under separate numbers.
1885 A thenxum 23 May 669/1 Verdurous masses of foliage
and sward disposed with great simplicity and breadth.
b. To put into the proper or suitable place; to
put away, stow away, deposit ; to put (a number of
things) each into the proper place, distribute. Now
rare.
¢ 1420 Pallad. on Husb. v1. 206 The xxxth day x pounde
hony dispose In it wel scommed first, and use it soo. 1574
tr. Martorat’s Apocalips 7 Seuerall Churches, which are
disposed in euery towne & village, according as mans
necessitie requireth. 1606 SHaks. 7%. & Cr. Iv. v. 116 His
blowes are wel dispos’d there, Aiax. 1662 J. Davies tr.
Mandelslo's Trav. 183 The Gold and Silver is lock’d up in
Chests, and dispos’d into the Towers of the Castle. //d.
256 No man but hath at least two wives, but dispos’d into
several huts. 1685 Lurrrett Brief Rel. (1857) 1. 356 His
majesties standing forces .. are disposed into severall parts
of this Kingdom. 1725 PorE Odyss. xi. 87 The chearful
mates Safe in the hollow deck dispose the cates. 1834
Mepwin Angler in Wales Il. 258 A dying lamp was dis-
posed in a niche of the wall.
+c. gen. To dispose of, deal with in any way.
3590 MartowsE 2nd Pt. Tamburl. w. i, Then bring those
‘Turkish harlots to my tent, And I’ll dispose them as it likes
me best.
+d. To place ina particular employment, situa-
tion or condition ; to assign, appoint. Ods.
1579 Lyty Euphues (Arb.) 132 A gentleman that hath
honest and discreet seruants dysposeth them to the encrease
of his segnioryes, one he appointeth stewarde of his courtes,
an other ouerseer of his landes. 1662 J. Davirs tr. Man-
delslo's Trav. 190 All the handsome young Damosels .. to
be dispos’d into his Ladies service. 1697 Drypen Virg.
we & ut. 768 Ye Gods, to better Fate good Men dispose.
*+ 2. To regulate or govern in an orderly way; to
order, control, direct, manage, command. Ods.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. u. xviii. (1495) 42 els
mare “ae theym ie. nites of pees ane . mir and
‘spose theym. ¢ voc. Ain. Poems (1840) 149 (Matz.
That Christ pie so the ball , hat Pets
ship be with no tempest drownyd. 1530 Patscr. 521/1,
I wyll dis this mater as I thynke best. 1581 Savite
Tacitus’ Hist, 1. 1xxvii. (1591) 43 Otho. .disposed the affaires
DISPOSAL.
of the Empire. 1618 Cuarman Hesiod’s Georg. 1.211 [They]
were such great fools at that age {a hundred years] that
they Could not themselves dispose a family. 1667 Mitton
P. L. 1. 246 Be it so, since hee Who now is Sovran can
dispose and bid What shall be right. 16 7 Hare Prim.
Orig. Man. 1. i. 34 A Regent Principle,..which may govern
and dispose it as the Soul of Man doth his Body.
+3. To assign or deliver authoritatively. Ods.
1382 Wyciir Luke xxii. 29 And I dispose to 30u, as my
fadir hath disposed to me, a rewme. 1548 toa etc.
Erasm. Par. Matt. i. 21 And I will dispose a newe testa-
ment to the house of Judas.
4. To bestow, make over, hand over; to deal
out, dispense, distribute ; = d/spose of (sense 8). Obs.
c1430 Lypc. Min. Poems (1840) 20 (Matz.) The wiche
gyfte they goodly han disposed. 1463 Bury Wills (1850) 38
If ony come ovir to dispose it in dedys of charite and
almesse. _ 1530 Patscr. 521/1, I dispose goodes to dyvers
folkes, fe distrifue. 1623 Wuitpourne Newfoundland 89
Hauing disposed away such fish and traine oyle as they
take there in the Summer time unto merchants. 1679-88
Sec Serv. Money Chas. 11 & Fas. [1 (Camden) 81 To the
Bp. of London, to be by him disposed to the poor distressed
inhabitants of the city ..in respect of the extreme hard
weather. 1681 R. SHELDON Let, in Wood Life (1848) 250
Her father hauing sent her two or three [copies] to dispose
amongst her friends. 1710 Hartey in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser.
u. IV. 263 The places will be speedily disposed, and the
chiefest will fall to the share of the Duchess of Somerset.
1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) 1V. 243 ‘The enjoyment during
life, and the power of disposing to whatever person and in
whatever manner she pleased.
5. To put into the proper frame or condition for
some action or result; to make fit or ready ; to fit,
prepare (/o do, or ¢o or for something); vefl. to pre-
pare oneself, get ready, make preparation. arch.
¢1375 in Red. Ant. 1. 41 It techeth thee how thou schalt
dispose the to almaner of goode lyvynge. ¢ 1386 Crraccer
Friar’s T, 361 Disposeth ay youre hertes to withstonde
The feend. ¢ 1489 Caxton Blanchardyn li. 196 Blanch-
ardyn .. dysposed him self for to retourne ayen toward
Tormaday. 1538 Srarkry England u. i. 161 Certayn
remedys .. wych..schal meruelousely dyspose the partys
also to receyue cure and remedy. 1576 Fremine /anofl.
Epist. 62 Vherefore will we dispose our selves to suffer,
1629 A. Baker in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. u. LIT. 257 That the
prolonging of your daies maie be a meane to dispose you
for the better departure, when it shall please God to call
you. 1697 Drypren Virg. Georg. w. 214 He knew For
Fruit the grafted Pear-tree to dispose. 1815 W. ‘T'ayor in
Monthly Rev. UX XVII. 513 Those missionaries who are dis-
posing themselves to visit the Syrian churches. 1819 Bykon
Proph. Dante 1. 43 All things are disposing for thy doom.
+b. To make suitable, adapt, suit. Ods.
1602 Marston Ant, & Jel. Induct. Wks. 1856 I. 3, I but
dispose my speach to the habit of my part. 1736 Butter
Anal. 1. Conclusion 410 Assistance, which nature enables,
and disposes and appoints them to afford.
e. To bring into a particular physical or mental
condition: in fa. pple.; see DISPOSED 2, 3.
6. To put into a favourable mood for (some-
thing); to give a tendency or inclination to; to
incline, make prone (/o something, or 40 do some-
thing).
a. To incline the mind or heart of ; pa. pple. in-
clined: see Disposep 4. Also adsol.
¢1340 [see Disposen 4]. c1430 Stans Puer 4 in Babees Bh.
27 Dispose hou bee aftir my doctryne To all nortur pi corage
to encline. 1g09 Pater noster, Ave, & Creed (W. de W.) Aij,
A ryght profytable treatyse .. to dyspose men to be ver-
tuously occupyed in theyr myndes & prayers. 1653 Mirron
Hirelings Wks. 1738 1. 562 Wherof I promis'd then to speak
further, when I should find God disposing me, and oppor-
tunity inviting. 1735 BerkELey Def. Free-think. in Math.
§ 7 Wks. 1871 III. 305 Not that I imagine geometry dis-
poseth men to infidelity. 1781 Ginson Decd. & F. IIT. 51
‘The respectful attachment of the emperor for the orthodox
clergy, had disposed bim to love and admire the character
of Ambrose. 1853 J. H. Newman Hist. Sh. (1873) IL. 1. i. 29
Circumstances which could not favourably dispose the Hun
to new overtures.
b. To impart a physical tendency or inclination
to; pa. pple. inclined, liable: see DIsPosED 5.
Also adsol.
c1380 [see Disposep 5]. c 1430 Lypc. Min. Poems (1840
197 (Matz.), Satourn disposith to malencolye. 1599 H.
Buttes Dyets drie Dinner F viij, In olde time they ate
Lettuse after supper ..to dispose them selves to sleepe.
1682 Sir IT. Browne Tracts (1684) 45 The great Mists and
Dews .. might dispose the Corn unto corruption. — 17:
Arsutunot Ades of Diet 291 Such a state disposeth the
Humours of the Body to Heat. 1823 J. Bapcock Dom.
Amusem. 18 Smoke dissolves the gelatine, and disposes the
meat to rancidity.
II. Intransitive senses.
7. To make arrangements; to determine or con-,
trol the course of affairs or events; to ordain,
appoint.
Esp. in proverb Man proposes, (but) God disposes [tr.
‘Homo proponit, sed Deus disponit,’ A Kempis De /mita-
tione 1. xix,). ‘ F
1382 Wyciir Acts vii. 44 The tabernacle of witnessing was
with oure fadris in desert, as God disposide to hem. 1388
— Rev. Prol., Therfor God the Fadir .. disposid with the
Sone and the Hooli Goost to schewen hem, that me dredde
hem the lesse. a Alexander 279 Hym .. that shall
best dispoyse for pe publyke wele. ¢1q4g0tr. De /imitatione
1. xix, Ffor man purposip & god Le . C1500 Melusine
xxxvi. 265 As the wyse man saith, ‘the fole proposeth & god
dyspotheth’. 1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. V, (an. 8) 70 To dis-
pose for the nedes of the foresaied realme. 1634 SanDERSON
Serm. II. We havea proverb. .‘man th, but God
disposeth*, 1718 Prior Power 842 "Tis who must dis-
pose, and man sustain.
62*-2
DISPOSE.
+b. To settle matters, make terms. Oés.
1606 Suaxs. Ant. § CZ. 1v. xiv. 123 For when she saw..you
did suspect She had dispos’d with Czsar, and that
rage Would not be tae she sent you word she was dead.
8. Dispose of (with indirect passive fo be dis-
posed of): +a. To make a disposition, ordering,
or arrangement of; to do what one will with; to
order, control, regulate, manages =sense 2, Spec.
in Astrol. (see quot. 1819). Obs.
1566 Gascoicnr, etc. Yocasta ut. ii. in Child Four Plays
1848) 209 You may of me, as of your selfe ae’ gre 1582
. LIcHEFIELD tr. Castanheda’'s Cong. E. Ind, \xxiii. 151
From this time forward you may dispose of your selues,
and do what you shall think best. 1599 Suaxs. Hen. I’,
ut. iii. 49 Enter our Gates, dispose of vs and ours, For we
no longer are defensible. 1648 Bury Wills (Camd.) 200
Not time to dispose of theire affaires. 7 RYDEN St,
Exuremont’s Ess. 349 By this, Mistresses dis; of their
Old Lovers to their Fancy, and Wives of their Old Husbands.
1819 J. Witson Compl, Dict. Astrol. s.v., A planet disposes
of any other which is in its house: thus, if h were in J he
would be disposed of by 2/. In horary questions, it is a
sign that the thing or person signified by the planet so
disposed of, is in the power or interest ef the planet (or
those whom it signifies) that disposes of it.
b. To put or get (anything) off one’s hands; to
put away, stow away, put into a settled state or
position; to deal with (a thing) definitely; to get
rid of; to get done with, settle, finish. In recent
use sometimes sfec. to do away with, ‘settle’, o1
demolish (a claim, argument, opponent, etc.) ;
also humorously, to make away with, consume
(food).
1610 Suaxs. Temp. 1. ii. 225 Of the Kings ship, The
Marriners, say how thou hast disposd. 16: . Haywarp
tr. Biondi’'s Eromena 32 Vhe King was.. laid in his bed, so
would the Ladies have likewise disposed of the Queene.
1666 Perys Diary 16 Aug., It was so pleasing a sight to see
my papers disposed of. 1773 Gotpsm. Stoops to Cong. 1,
I'm disposing of the husband before I have secured the
lover. 1841 Sores Brigand xxvi, Bernard de Rohan must
be met and disposed of at the sword’s point. 1863 A. J.
Horwoop Vearbks. 30-31 Edw. / Pref. 10 The very words
of the Judges in disposing of the cases are set down, 1867
Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) 1. iv. 253 Several daughters,
who were of course well disposed of in marriage. 1873
Tristram Afoab x, 175 ‘The discovery .. seems to dispose
of the claims of these Dhra’as to be Biblical sites. 1879
F. W. Ropinson Coward Conse. u. vii, Tom disposed rapidly
of two glasses of sherry and the. .sandwiches. 1885 Sir R.
3aGGALLAY in Law Rep. 14 Q. Bench Div. 879 The observa-
tions made by the Master of the Rolls sufficiently dispose
of that contention. 1885 A/anch. Exam. 10 July 5/1 The
Northern team, batting first, were disposed of for 192.
e. To make over or part with by way of sale or
bargain, sell.
1676 Deed Trin. Coll. in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886)
II. 521 It shalbe lawfull for .. him .. to dispose of the said
two Chambers..to any other beside his kindred, 1704 Mrs.
Ray in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 207, I do intend to dis-
pose of Mr. Ray's books. 1774 Foote Cozeners u. Wks.
1799 II. 173, I am to be disposed of by private contract.
1843 Borrow Bible in Spain 273 A large edition of the New
‘Testament had been almost entirely disposed of in the very
centre of Spain. 1891 Law Vimes XC. 283/1 ‘The plaintiff
was..in possession of two diamond rings which he wished
to dispose of,
+d. To make fit or ready :=sense 5. Ods.
1655 Futier Waltham Abby 13 He. -acquainted him with
his dying condition, to dispose of his soul for another world.
+9. Dispose upon or on; to dispose of (see
prec. band c). Sc. Ods.
1632 Lirucow Trav. 1v. 166 The lands they .. dispose
upon to valerous Souldiers. 1639 Drumm. or Hawtn,
Answ. to Obj. Wks. (1711) 214 To give up the person of
their prince, to be disposed on as a stranger nation shall
think convenient. 1640-1 Airkcudbr. War-Comm, Min,
Bk, (1855) 67 ‘To use and dispose upon the tymber. 1778
W. Rosertsone Let. in J. Russell /Haigs xii, (1881) 374
This visit will give you an opportunity to dispose upon
oxen}; if you have not already done it.
+10. Dispose with : to dispose of (see 8c), Obs.
1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto's 7rav. wv. 8 For his particular
he had no power to dispose with any part of the booty.
Dispo'se, sb. Ods. or arch. [f. Dispose v.]
The action or fact of disposing: in various senses.
+1. Arrangement, order; = Disposition 1. Ods.
1603 Hoitann Plutarch's Mor. 646 He observed in all
points a singular order and dispose,
+2. The action of ordering ; ordinance, appoint-
ment; direction, management: = D1sposaL 1, Ods.
x6rx Sreev Hist. Gt. Brit. vit, xxi. § 2 (R.), Such is the
dispose of the sole disposer of empires, that the: have their
risings, their fuls, and their fals. x Mitton Samson 1746
* Oft we doubt What the unsearchable dispose Of Highest
Wisdom brings about. ‘
+3. Power or right to dispose of something, or
deal with it at one’s will; control; =Drsposat 4.
Esp. in phr. a¢ (7, etc.) one's dispose (very, common
1600-1730). Ods.
1590 Suaks. Com. Err. 1, i. 21 His ss confiscate to the
Dukes dispose. 1 Martowe & Nasne Dido vy. ii, Ye
‘ods, that..order all things at your high dispose. 1610
OLLAND Camden's Brit. 1. 325 Fie was under the dispose
of the Generall of the Footemen. 1628 T’. Spencer Logick
21g Man is at Gods dispose, and all the other Creatures
are at Gods, and mans, 1631 Werver Anc. Fun. Mon. 115
Left to the dispose and pleasure of the King. 1690 Dry-
pen Don Si ian v. Wks. 1883 VII. His life’s in my
dispose. 1725 Pore Odyss. 1. 733 Ro Fate's su
dispose the dead resign. 1742 Ricarpson Pamela 11. 209
‘Yhen you'll have some time at your own Dispose,
492
+4. The action of bestowing, making over, or
dealing out; bestowal, distribution’: Dispose
v. 4, Disposal 3. Obs.
1sor Greene Maiden's Dreame Wks. 1881-3 XIV. 310
No man went emptie from his frank dispose, He was apne
bearer ynto the 1606 HoLtann Sueton. 261 What
he thoght of the dispose of the inces. Mar-
vet in Collect. Poems 249 Neglecting to call for any
Account of the Dispose of the said ‘T'reasu’
+5. Mental constitution or inclination; frame of
mind; =Dusposirion 6. Ods.
1606 Suaxs. 77. & Cr. 1. iii. 174 He.. carries on the
streame of his dispose .. In will peculiar, and in selfe ad-
mission. 1609 Row.anps Anane of Cliubbes 15 Meeting
with one iust of his owne dispose, With him he plotted to
escape his foes. 1628 Laup IVs. (1847) I. 173 * Peace’
stands for a quiet and calm dispose of the hearts of men.
b. External manner ; air; pose. rare.
1601 7 Marston Pasguil & Kath. 1. 105 More Musick’s
in thy name, and sweet dispose, Then in Apollos Lyre, or
Orpheus Close. 1604 Suaxs. Ofh. 1. iii. 403 He ha
person, and a smooth dis » To be ere cong 1875
Browntnc Jun Album 21 At the haught highbred bearing
and dispose.
Disposed (dispds-zd), pf/. a. [f. vb. +-ED!.]
1. Arranged, appointed, prepared, suitably placed,
or situated, etc. : see DISPOSE v. I, 5.
14.. Lypc. Secrees 423 Your dispoosyd fate. 1526 Pilgr.
Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 73 In a prepared or dis) soule
he maketh y* fyrst beame of loue to shyne. 1 Baxter
Saving Faith vi. 40 Adams soul was created in a Disposed
or prepared Eody. 1663 J. Srencer Prodigies (1665) 73
The figure and glory of the Sun drawn by its own beanis
upon a disposed cloud. 1867 Smyru Sailor's Word-bk.,
Disposed Quarters, the distribution when the camp is
marked about a place besieged. :
+2. a. In a (specified) physical, esp. bodily,
condition; in a (good or bad) state of health ;
conditioned. b. Having a (particular) bodily con-
stitution; constituted. ¢@. aéso/. In good health
or condition; not zwdisposed. Obs.
cr Cuaucer Manciple's Prol. 33 Thy breeth ful soure
stynketh, That sheweth wel thou art nat wel dispos
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 222 It wole make a man yuel
disposid & feuerous. 14) Matory Arthur vu. xxvi,
He is as fair an handed man and wel disposed as ony is
lyuynge. 1477 Caxton ¥ason 54b, The weder was softe
and well disposed. 1488 — Chast. Goddes Chyld. 21 Dyuerse
men fallen in to dyuerse feuers after he is dys d. 1577
Fenton Gold. Epist. 234 Whiche made hir ie disposed,
and hir minde liuely. 1590 Sir J. Suytu Disc. Weapons
in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 51 Thousands of the lustiest
and dispost sort of English people. 1662 Newcome Diary
(Chetham Soc.) 39, I was somew't aguishly disposed all this
day. 1694 Acc. Sev. Late Voy. u. (1711) 35 When the Air
is so disposed, as the Stars do .. look bigger .. it is a great
Prognostication. 3 pan
8. Having a (particular) mental constitution, dis-
position, or turn of mind. ‘tb. adso/. Well dis-
posed, having a favourable disposition (quot. 1577).
¢ 1430 Lyvc. Hors, Shepe & G. 207 Alle folke be nat [lyke]
of condicionis, Nor lyke disposyde in wylle, thought, and
deede, 1481 Caxton A/yrr. ul. xiii, 165 Neuer shal the
euyl disposed man saye well of that he cannot wel vnder-
stonde. 1564 Godly Admon. Decrees Council Trent title-p.,
Wrytten for..godlye disposed persons sakes. 1577 Fenton
Gold, Epist. 242 The one disposed, the other frowarde.
aes pet 2 Hen, V1, 11.1. 76 Seemes he a Doue? His
feathers are but borrow'd, For hee’s disposed as the hatefull
Rauen, 1639 Lp. Dicy Lett. conc. Relig. iv. 85 A man so
disposed as..to leap at once from England to Rome. »
Sreete Zatler No. 78 ? 13, I require all sober dispowed
rsons to avoid meeting the said Lunatick, 1863 Fr. A.
eMBLE Resid. in Georgia 24 He is remarkably good-
tempered and well disposed. 4
4. Inclined, in the mood, in the mind (40 do
something, /o or for something), Also with adverh,
In a (particular) mental condition or mood ; we//
or ill disposed: favourably or unfavourably inclined
(to, towards, + for). See Dispose v. 6a,
¢1340 Hamrove Prose Tr. ix. 24 Othir gosteli occupa-
cions after that thei fele hem disposed. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer
Clerk's T. 651 To tempte his wyf, as he was first disposed.
1430 Lypc. Min, Poems (1840) 159 (Matz.) Som man of
herte disposed to pryde. ¢ Caxton Sonnes of Aymon
xxii. 476, 1 am dysposed for to doo the worste that I can
agenste hym. 1552 Bk. Com. Prayer Pref., That suche as
be disposed maye come to heare ‘ods worde. 1596 Suaks.
1 Hen, LV, DOLE desk aA ad ‘ortune is dispos'd to vs.
1659 B. Harris arival's Iron Age 288 Who would have
believed, that many should needs be well disposed for the
King of Scots? 171 Appison Sfect. No. 542 P
be more severe upon myself than the pub is d to
be. 1828 D'Isracii Chas, /, 1. v. 103 The French Cabinet
was strongly disposed for a Spanish war. 1892 GARDINER
Stud, Hist. Eng. 17 He was more disposed to defend the
Empire than to extend it. i f
+b. e/lipt. Inclined to merriment ; in a jocund
mood, Oés.
1588 Suaks. L. L. Z. 1. i, 250 Come to our Pauillion,
Boyet is disposde. 1593 Peete Chron. Edw. /, 125, | pray
let go; Ye are dispos'’d I think. @16x6 Beaum, & FL,
Custom Countrey 1. i, You are dispos'd.
5. Having a physical inclination or tendency (¢0
something, or 70 do something); inclined, liable,
subject. See Dispose v. 6b.
¢ 1380 Wyciir Se/. Wks. 111, 68 Pe see ..is moore, and
neer hevene, and moore disposid to take lizt. 1398 ‘Trevisa
Barth. De P. R. xix. xii. (1495) 889 Saltnesse .. makyth
[flesshe] the lesse disposyd to corrupcion. 1541 R. Cortann
Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., To what diseases is y’ bladder
disposed? .. It is dysposed to opylacyons. 1758 A. Ret tr.
Macquer's Chem, \, 12 All similar substances have an
DISPOSING.
¢x610 Sin J. Mexvit. Mem, (1735) 100, 1. said, the
Pibecyhog hy igen geen 4p ry Nant
(dispou-zédnés), [f. +
rs ‘The quality or state of being oh sso
inclination, disposition.
1583 Gotpinc Calvin on Deut. \xix. 423 Lo here .. the
signe yt we be wel di: d beforeh d. and thisdi dn
is as a white vnwritten paper.
Cwxsar 1. vii. 66 i i
Der. w. xxx, His ion for her .. had left a certain dull
di ness wide «. had prompted in him a vacillating
notion of marrying her. t
+ Disposee’. rare. [f. Dispose v.+-EE.] One
to whom something is ‘disposed’ or made over.
1826 Bentuam in Westm. Rev. V1. 464 For a correlative
to it [disposer], an obvious term is disposee.
+ Dispo'sement. 0%s. [f. Dispose v. +-MENT.]
The action of disposing ; disposition, disposal.
a Sruspes Anat. Abus. u. (1882) 56 As though t os
the world and the disposement thereof in their own
hands. a@1679 IT. Goopwin Ws. IL. 1v. 54 (R.) This order
and disposement of these two several sentences. /éid. 156
Above all such extrinsical contri and disp
Disposer (dispdwza1). [f. as prec. + -ER "]
One who or that which disposes, in various
senses.
1. One who arranges or sets in order.
1624 Worron Archit. Pref. (J. s. v. Gatherer), 1 am_but
a gatherer and disposer of other mens stuff. 1677 Gace
Crt. Gentiles U1. 1. Proem. 12 The mind of man .. is the
orderer and disposer both of notions and things. a 1693
Urounart Rabelais 1. xxxiii. 278 Disposers of cooling
Shades, Com: rs of green Arbours.
2. One who regolates or governs; a controller,
manager, director, ruler; see DISPOSE v. 2, 7.
¢ 1586 C’ress Pemproke /s. Lxxxu. vi, Of all the earth
king, judge, disposer be. 1667 Mitton ?. L. 1v. 635 My
Author and Disposer, what thou bidst U ‘d I obey;
so God ordains. 1708 Brit. Apollo No. 66. 1/2 The inten-
rea - bora — Disposer. = pager ph ene Relig.
1782) Il. x he .. sovereign disposer thin;
Jowett Plato (ed. 2) 1. 476 Mind was the yell |
cause of all. a
3. One who distributes or dispenses ; a dispenser:
see DISPOSE v. 4.
1526 Pilgr. Pot (W. de W. 1531) 40 Se that thou be
founde a true meke and faythfull disposer of the treasure of
thy lorde god. 1526 Tinpate 1 Cor. iv. 1 Ministers of
Christ and disposers of the secretes of God. a 1672 Graunt
Bill of Mortality (J.), The magistrate is both the
and the disposer of what is got by begging. 1802 Lp.
Expon in Vesey’s Rep. VU. 74 When money is rag to
a charity, without expressing W Charity, King
is the disposer of the Charity. P ,
4. One who or that which disposes or inclines to
something: see Dispose v, 6.
1864 Vamuery Trav. Centr. Asia 2 The coolness of the
night in Persia is a great disposer to slumber.
8. One who disposes of something : see v. 8.
1606 Suaxs. 7. & Cr. ut. i. 95 With my disposer Cressida.
eo Locke Govt. u. vi. ( ig.) 75 Free di: of them-
ves and fortunes. 1706 Prior Ode fo Queen 113 ‘The
peg pry gape elegy Be oF ge a
it Mar, 9/2 price
offered the transaction is settled, A
Hence Dispo'seress, a female disposer.
1648 Hexnick Hesfer., Bencolick (1869) 260 And Lallage
. Shall be disposeresse of the
, vdl. sb, [f. Disrose'v. + -1NG }.]
The action of the verb Dispose...
1. Arrangement, suitable or orderly placing ; see
Dispose v1. (In Peey 1630, ‘ Get-up’, attire.)
¢1440 Hytton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) ut. xxvii, After
diuers disposynges of men and after sundry states .. are
dyuers exercises in worchyng. 1§70 Gotpinc tr. Chytranus
(title), Postill, or Orderly Certeyne k
usually read in the Church, . Fohnson's Kingd. §
Commw., 91 Come, behold the beauty of our Ladies,
and their disposing at a night of solemnity. 1712 J. James
tr. Le Blond's ing 117 Figures and Fountains ..
whose Diversity, as well in the disposing, as in what they
consist of, yields a very agreeable Prospect to the E
2. Ordering, control, management, disposal.
E. E. Wills (1882) 13 Seruauntys, at the Dysposyng
of ‘Thomas Roos. ALSGR. 214/1 Disposyng, adminis-
tration, 1611 Bite Prov. xvi. 33 lot is cast into the
lap, but the whole disposing thereof is of the Lord.
R. Genrius tr, Malvessi’s Chiefe Events 203 Those..
be at the Dutchesses disposing. “Artif. Handsom. 50
margin, An heart unsatished with works and disposings.
3. Bestowal, dis: , expenditure,
1638 Dx. Hamutton in //, Papers (Camden) ead inten-
tiounes uhich your Mat! might. .haue had for th
of thatt place. Trin. Coll, in Willis & Clar
Cambridge (1886) Il. 520 The free disposeing of the said
two Chamb to such p .,as hee shall appoint. 175%
Lawetye Westm, Br. 67 Frugality in the disposing of pul
lick Money.
4. The action of making ready or inclined ; pre-
paration ; disposition, inclination: see 2. 5, 6.
¢1380 Wyciir Sérnt. Sel. Wks. I, 175 Yit disposyng
dwellib in hem to make hem penke amys. 14.. —
Secrees 1206 Phebus causith yng to gladness. x
Buste Prov. xvi. 1 The (marg. disposings) of
the heart. .are from the >
DISPOSING.
Dispo'sing, ppl. a. [f. as prec. + -ING2.]
That disposes, in various senses: see the verb.
Of (in) disposing mind or memory: so sound in mind and
memory as to be capable of making a will.
1627-77 Fectuam Resolves . x. 15 Surely God that made
isposing Nature, knows her better, than imperfect man,
Bury Wills (Camden) 200 In full vnderstanding and
memory, and of a disposeing and testamentary mind. 1649
Ibid. 220, 1 Mary Chapman .. being in disposeing memorie.
1797 Burke Will in Was. (1842) 1. 38, I, dmund Burke ..
being of sound and disposing mind, do make my last will
and testament. 1803 Cuenevix in PAil. Trans. XCIII. 304
Disposing affinity, and assimilation. ; A
Hence Dispo'singly adv., in a disposing way.
1625 Br. Mountacu Affeale to Cesar i. ix. 94 Christians
doe hold and beleeve it too, [Deum ire per omnes) but dis-
posingly, etc. in his providence.
mp peter v. Obs. rare. [f. L. disposit- ppl.
stem of disponére to dispose: perth. immediately
after dsposition.] trans. To dispose, incline.
1661 GLANVILL Scepsis Sci. xiv. (1665) 81 Some constitutions
are genially disposited to this mental seriousness.
+ Dispositate, v. Obs. rare. [erron. form for
DeposiratE, through confusion with Dispose v.]
trans. To deposit.
16s0 Howe t Girafi’s Rev. Naples 1. 44 Two boxes full
of Gold .. were taken and dispositated upon account in the
Kings bank.
Disposition (dispozi:fan). [a. F. dzsposttion,
OF. also -céon (12th c. in Littré), ad. L. désposi-
tion-em, n. of action from désponére to DISPONE.
Not derivationally related to Dispose, but asso-
ciated with it from an early period in OFr., by
contact of form, and adoption of -goser as virtual
representative of L. -ponére: cf. CoMPosITION.]
I. The action or faculty of disposing, the con-
dition of being disposed.
1. The action of setting in order, or condition of
being set in order; arrangement, order; relative
position of the parts or elements of a whole.
1563 W. Furke Meteors (1640) 24 It comes of the divers
disposition of the clouds. 1597 Mortey /xtrod. Mus. Annot.,
In the natural disposition of numbers thus, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5-
1695 Woopwarp Nat. Hist. Earth ii. i. (1723) 156 The
Disposition of the Strata. 1713 Swirt /renzy of F. Denny
Wks. 1755 III. 1. 139, I then took a particular pias & Ola.
the furniture and disposition of his apartment. 1756 Burke
Subl. & B. u. xii, Stonehenge, neither for disposition nor
ornament, has anything admirable. 1827 Steuart P/anter's
G. (1828) 15 Single Trees and Bushes, in groups and open
dispositions. 1865 Geixte Scen. § Geol. Scot.vi. 122 Looking
at the disposition of the Highland glens and straths.
+b. Relative position; situation (of one thing).
Obs.
1541 R. Cortanp Guydon’s Quest. Chirurg., Where is the
dysposicion of the yerde? 1712 Pe James tr. Le Blond’s
Gardening 99 That..the Tracing-Pin be constantly held in
the same Disposition, without varying its Point. 1750 tr.
Leonardus’ Mirr. Stones 102 Effestis .. being opposed to
the Sun, kindles Fire in Matter put in a Disposition for it.
e. Rhet. and Logic. The due arrangement of
the parts of an argument or discussion.
1509 Hawes Past, Pleas. x. i, The second parte of crafty
Rethoryke Maye well be called Disposicion. 1553 T.WiLson
Rhet. (1567) 82a, Inuencion helpeth to finde matter, and Dis-
posicion serueth to place argumentes. 1628 T. Spencer
Logick 13. 1788 Howarp Roy. Cyc. 11. 715 Disposition, in
Logic, is that operation of the mind, whereby we put the
ideas, operations, and arguments, which we have formed
concerning our subject, into such an order as is fittest to
gain the clearest knowledge of it, to retain it longest, and
to explain it to others in the best manner ; the effect of this
is called method.
d. Arch.,etc. The due arrangement of the several
parts of a building, esf. in reference to the general
design : see quots.
1624 Wotton Archit, (1672) 14, I may now proceed to the
Disposition thereof [i.e. of the matter], which must form the
Work. 1706 Pxitiirs (ed. ner Disposition. .in Archi-
tecture, is the Com placing of all the several Parts of a
Building, according to their proper Order, c¢ 1850 Rudint.
Navig. (Weale) 115 Disposition; a draught or drawing
representing the several timbers that compose the frame of
the ship, so that they may be properly disposed with respect
to the ports, &c. 1876 Gwitr Encycl. Archit. Gloss., Dis-
position, one of the essentials of architecture. It is the
arrangement of the whole — by means of ichnography
(plan), orthography (section and elevation), and scenography
(perspective view). 1886 Wittis & Ciark Cambridge I11.
247 ‘The general inclosure within walls, the disposition into
courts. all have their ies..in the ic buildi
e. Mil. See 2b.
2. Arrangement (of affairs, measures, etc.), esp. for
the accomplishment of a purpose; plan, prepara-
tion; condition or complexion of affairs.
_ 1382 Wyctir Prov. xxiv. 6 For with disposicioun me goth
in to bataile ; and helthe shal ben wher ben many counseilis.
= Saks. Ofh. 1. iii. 237, 1 craue fit disposition for m:
Wife..With such Accomodation and besort As leuels wit
her breeding. 1712 BupcEti Py No. 404 P 1 In the
Dispositions of ety, the civil Oeconomy is formed in
a Chain as well as the natural. 1736 Butter Azad. Introd.
Wks, 1874 I. 8 To judge what particular disposition of
things would be most..assistant to virtue. 1814 tr. KZaf-
roth's Trav. 3 My dispositions for the journey would soon
have been completed. 1871 Mortey Voltaire (1886) 317
To observe .. those secret dispositions of events which pre-
pared the way for great changes. ‘
_b. Mil. The arrangement of troops in prepara-
tion for a military operation: a. (from sense 1)
493
their actual arrangement in the field; 6. (from
sense 2) their distribution, allocation, destination,
etc. ; p/. military preparations or measures.
1600 E. Biounr tr. Conestaggio 37 Having viewed the ill
disposition of the Campe. 1734 tr. Rollin’s Anc. Hist.
(1827) II. 1v. 257 The Persian troops had been used to
engage 24 men in depth, but Cyrus thought fit to change
that disposition. 1776 Ginpon Dec?. §& F. 1. xxiv. 684 The
military dispositions of Julian were skilfully contrived.
I Stuart in Owen Wedlesley’s Desf. 116, 1 have made
isposition to defend my position. 1849 Macautay //ist.
Eng. 1. 605 Having observed the disposition of the royal
forces. 1878 Bosw. SmitH Carthage 242 Fabius made
all his dispositions to repel the attempt to force a passage.
ce. Naut. (See quot.)
1867 SmytH Sailor's Word-bk., Disposition, the arrange-
ment of a ship’s company for watches, quarters, reefing,
furling, and other duties.
3. Ordering, contro], management; direction,
appointment; administration, dispensation; = D1s-
POSAL I. (Cf. DISPOSE v. 2, 7.) arch.
©1374 Cuaucer 7roylus 1. 477 (526) O god pat at pi dis-
posicioun Ledest be fyn by Iuste purueyaunce Of euery
wyght. 1382 Wyctir 2 Chron. xxili. 18 Forsothe Joiada
sette prouostis in the hous of the Lord .. after the disposi-
cyoun [1388 by the ordynaunce] of Dauid. 1520 Ca-rton's
Chron. Bas. v. 56b/2 ‘To submytte hym to the dyposycyon
of God. 1530 Patscr. 214/1 Disposytion, disposition,
‘ovuernement, ordre. 158% N. IT. (Rhem.) Acts vii. 53
Vho receiued the Law by the disposition of [so 1611:
as it was ordained by (warg. ov, as the ordinance of)]
Angels, and haue not kept it. 1661 Bramuate JFust Vind.
ii. 6 Which things by the just disposition of Almighty God,
fell out according to the .. desires of these holy persons.
1719 De For Crusoe (1840) IL. xii. 262 This seemed to me
to be a disposition of Providence. 1841 Myers Cath. 7h.
ut. § 14. 53 Inexpressibly thankful to receive this Law by
the disposition of Angels.
4. The action of disposing of, putting away, get-
ting rid of, making over, etc. (see DISPOSE v. 3) ;
bestowal; sfec. in Law, the action of disponing ;
bestowal or conveyance by deed or will.
1393 Gower Conf. I. 269 She [i.e. Nature] preferreth no
degree As in the disposicion Of bodely complexion. ¢ 1532
Dewes /ntrod. Fr. in Palsgr. 1065 Touchyng the disposi-
cion of is goodnes [ses dens) after his deth. 1577-87 Ho1in-
SHED Scot. Chron. (1805) I1. 340 The disposition of officis
vacand. 1712 STEELE Sfect. No. 497 ® 2 The wanton dis-
position of the favours of the powerful. 1795 WytneE Decis.
Virginia 5 His wife could make no disposition of the personal
estate. 1861 W. Bett Dict. Law Scot. 292 A disposition is
an unilateral deed of alienation, by which a right to property,
either heritable or moveable, is conveyed. 1884 Six J. Bacon
in Law Rep. 27 Ch. Div. 47 The point which is said to remain
for disposition when the case is heard.
b. Power of disposing of; disposal, control :
esp. in phrase at (27, etc.) one’s disposition ( = D1s-
POSAL 4).
1374 Cuaucer Troylus vy. 2 Aprochen gan the fatal
destyne That Ioues hath in disposicioun. 1406 £. £. Wills
(1882) 13 At the dysposicion of myn Executours. 1529 Cot.
Wotsey in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. 11. 12 Yf I may have
the free gyft and dyssposycion of the benefyces. 1673
Tempte Ess. Jreland Wks. 1731 I. 110 The Lieutenants
of Ireland since the Duke of Ormond’s Time have had
little in their Disposition here. 1776 Gisson Dect. § F. 1.
xii. 255 The choice of action or of repose is no longer in
our disposition. 1860 Trencu Serm. Westm. Abd. ili. 31
[He] had at his disposition no inconsiderable sums of money.
I. The way or manner in which a thing has
been disposed, or is situated or constituted.
+ 5. Astrol. a. The situation of a planet ina horo-
scope, as supposed to determine the nature or for-
tune of a person, or the course of events. Ods.
1375 Barsour Bruce iv. 699 Astrology, Quhar-throu
clerkis .. May knaw coniunctione of planetis ., And of the
hevyn all halely How pat be disposicioune Suld apon
thingis virk heir doune. c1386 Cuaucer Ax?’s 7. 229 Som
wikke aspect or disposition Of Saturne. cr MartowE
Faust. Wks. (Rtldg.) 88/1 A book where I might see all ..
planets. .that I might know their motions and dispositions.
+b. The state of being ‘disposed of’ (see Dis-
POSE v. 8a). Ods.
1647 Litty Chr. Astro. \xxxii. 447 See if the more pon-
derous Planet of the two, that is, the receiver of the Dis-
position be in any angle but the fourth.
+c. The nature or constitution of a planet or
sign, in relation to its alleged influence or effects,
c 1386 Cuaucer Wife's Prof. zor Mercurie loueth wysdam
and science And Venus loueth ryot and dispence. And for
hire diuerse disposicioun, Ech falleth in otheres exaltacioun.
1393 Gower Conf. III. 114 His nativite Hath take upon
the proprete Of Martis disposicion.
6. Natural tendency or bent of the mind, esf. in
relation to moral or social qualities ; mental con-
stitution or temperament; turn of mind.
Possibly of astrological origin: cf. the description of
—— as saturnine, jovial, martial, venereal, mer-
curial,
r Trevisa Higden (Rolls) III. 113 (Matz.) Nou3t by
chaungynge of body, but by chaungynge of disposicioun of
wit and of semynge. 1393 Gower Cozf. III. 19 After the
disposition Of glotony and dronkeship. 1475 Bk. Noblesse
z f suche prophesies and influence of the seide constel-
lacions might trew, yet .. havyng a clene soule, may
turne the contrarie disposicion that jugement of constel-
lacion or prophesies signified. 1576 FLeminc Pauopl. Epist.
266 Men of honeste and vertuous disposition. ' 1678 WANLEY
Wond. Lit. World v. ii. § 81. 472/2 A man he was of a
fierce, bloody, and faithless disposition. 2719 J: Moore
View Soc. Fr. (1789) 1. xvii. 128 Congenial with the phlegm
and saturnine dispositions of the English. 1837 WHEWELL
Hist. Induct. Sc. (1857) 1. 108 The belief.,that the motions
DISPOSITIONED.
of the stars, and the dispositions and fortunes of men, may
come under some common conceptions and laws. 1841
James Brigand i, His disposition was naturally cheerful
and bright.
7. The state or quality of being disposed, inclined,
or ‘in the mind’ (40 something, or 40 do something) ;
inclination (sometimes = desire, intention, purpose) ;
state of mind or feeling in respect to a thing or
person ; the condition of being (favourably or un-
favourably) disposed ¢owards. (In pl. formerly
sometimes = Mental tendencies-or qualities ; hence
nearly = sense 6.)
1393 Gower Con/. III. 62 They take logginge in the town
After the disposition Where as him thoughte best to dwelle.
1461 Paston Lett. No. 408 II. 35 If thei do it of her owne
disposicion. 1§26 2iler. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 11b, He
requireth but onely a disposicyon in the persone .. that he
be repentaunt. 1600 SHaxs. A. ¥. ZL. 1v. i. 113 But come,
now I will be your Rosalind in a more comming-on dis-
position. 1625 Meape in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. IL]. 199
Those .. that know best her dispositions are very hopefull
his Majestie will have power to bring her to his own
religion. 1690 Locke H/um. Und. u, xxiii. (1695) 156
Testiness is a disposition or aptness to be angry. 1754
Cuatuam Lett, Nephew iv. 28 Go on, my dear child, in the
admirable dispositions you have towards all that is right
and good. 1832 Hr. Martineau Life in Wilds ix, 121
There was a general disposition to remain. 1887 Ruskin
Preterita I. 253 A pleasant disposition to make the best
of all she saw.
+b. A frame of mind or feeling ; mood, humour.
1726-7 Swirt Gulliver 1.1.31, 1 rose up with as melan-
choly a disposition as ever I had in my life. 1749 Firtpinc
Tom Fones x. iii, Vhe footmen. .were in a different disposi-
tion. 1764 Foote /Pa‘ron m. Wks. 1799 [. 356 If he is
admitted in his present disposition, the whole secret will
certainly out.
+ 8. Physical constitution, nature, or permanent
condition. Ods.
1477 Caxton Y¥ason 41b, If ye juge the disposicion of
my body after the colour of my face ye be gretly abused.
1sss Even Decades 29 Rather by the disposition of the
earthe then constitucion of heauen. 1576 FLeminc /anofé.
Epist. 365 Considering the weake disposition of your bodie.
1635 N. Carrenter Geog, Del, 1. xiv, 224 Hippocrates
pronounced the people of the North to be of a leane and dry
disposition, 1726 Leoni A dberti’s Archit. 1. 3/2 A constant
unchangeable Disposition of Air above all the rest of the
World, 1813 Sir H. Davy Agric. Chent. (1814) 261 The
disposition of trees may, however, be changed gradually in
many instances.
9. Physical aptitude, tendency, or inclination
(40 something, or Zo do something).
1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R.t. xix. (1495) 65 To make
the wytte of smellynge perfyte it nedyth to haue..good
dysposicions in the nosethryllis. 1541 R. CopLaxp Gadyen's
Terap. 2 Aiij, We shall treate in this present boke the
dysposycyons which augmenteth the vicere. 1552 HuLorT,
Disposition to slepe or wake, cataphora. 1654 Z. Coxe
Logick (1657) 32 Disposition. .sometimes it is largely used
for all fitness to anything .. as when water waxeth warm,
it is said to have a disposition to heat. 1791 Hamitton
Berthollet’s Dyeing 1.1. 1. i. 120 The different dispositions
of wool, silk, etc. to unite with the colouring particles.
1804 AbERNETHY Surg. Obs. 97 The disposition to form
wens prevails frequently in many parts of the body at the
same time. .
+b. Aptness or capacity for doing something ;
aptitude, skill. Ods. rare.
1600 E. Biount tr. Conestaggio 27 Yet did he admire their
order. .their disposition to handle the pike, and their strict
obedience. 1768 Sterne Sent. Journ., Montriud (1775) 1.
37 You can shave, and dress a wig a little, La Fleur !—He
had all the dispositions in the world.
+10. Physical condition or state ;
bodily health. Ods.
c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 103, I foond pe sike of bettere
disposicioun. .& he spak bettere. 1541 R. CorLanp Gadyen's
Terap. 2Bivb, Of other viceres wherin no corrupte affection
or dysposition (that the Grekes call Cacoetes) is adioyned.
1598 GreNEWEY Zacitus’ Ann. vi. vi. 130 Cocceius Nerua
.. being in perfect disposition of body, resolued with him
selfe to die. x6xx Cortcr. s.v. Habitude, L'habitude du
corps, the estate, plight, liking, or disposition of the bodie.
1633 ‘I’. Starrorp Pac. Hib. xxx. (1821) 506 Being surprised
by an ill disposition of health, 1732 ArsutHnot Rides of
Diet 370 An inflammatory Disposition of the Coat of the
Nerve. ae :
+b. Normal or natural condition (of mind or
body). Obs. rare. (Cf. indisposttion = deranged
condition.)
[c 1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 58 As soone as a membre is
brou3t to his kyndeli disposicioun.] 1581 Perris Guaszo's
Civ. Conv. 1. (1586) 19 ‘This solitarinesse is profitable and
necessary for the disposition of the minde, so verie often is
it hurtfull to the health of the bodie, 1632 J. Haywarp tr.
Biondi’s Eromena 36 The Pilot, seeing him restored to his
disposition, caused [etc.].
Disposi'tional, 2. rare.
Relating to disposition.
1846 Worcester cites J. JouNSON.
Dispositioned (dispozi‘fond), ppl. a. [f. as
prec.+-ED*.] Having a (specified) disposition or
turn of mind.
1646 Satrmarsu Smoke in the Temple 27 Not so unlike
and contrary dispositioned and natured as you pretend.
1660 F. Brooxe tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 88 Happy in a sweet
disposition’d, and a modest wife. 1767 H. Brooke Fool of
Quad. (1859) II. 150 (D.) Lord Clinton was indeed sweetly
dispositioned by nature. 1804 J. Larwoop No Gun Boats
An Assassin .. dispositioned for midnight murder. 1826
R. H. Froupe Rem, (1838) I. 31 A stumbling-block in the
way of good-dispositioned men. ‘ :
state of
[f prec. + -AL.]
DISPOSITIVE.
i itive (dispg'zitiv), a. (st.) [In Caxton
a. F, dispositif, -ive (13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad.
L. type *disposttiv-us, f. disposit-us, pa. pple. of
disponére to Dispose: see-1VE, In later use prob.
immed. from L. or on L. analogies.]
A. adj. +1. Characterized by special disposi-
tion or appointment. Ods. rare.
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 127 b/1 It issaid that thys lyght
was dispositif sodayne and celestyall.
2. That has the or of disposing or inclining :
often opposed to effective, and so nearly = prepara-
tory, conducive, contributory: cf. B. 1.
x612 W. Sciater Chr. Strength 13 Papists .. allow to
nature a power dispositiue, and ability to prepare it selfe to
regeneration, 1616 Brent tr. Sarpi's Hist. Counc. Trent
(1676) 222 They did. .deny all effective or dispositive virtue
in the Sacraments. 1624 F, Wuite Refi. Fisher 546 Some
causes are dispositiue, adiuuant, or impetrant. 1710 J.
Norris Chr. Prud. ii. 80 That which makes a man act
Prudently.. (in a remote and dispositive sense). 1894 7adblet
20 Jan. 86 This new learning continued, by a sort of dis-
positive logic, to educate the English mind. ; .
3. Having the quality or function of directing,
controlling, or disposing of something ; reiating to
direction, control, or disposal.
Dispositive clause (Sc. Law): the clause of conveyance in
a deed, by which the disposition of the property (see Dis-
POSITION 4) is expressed.
1613-18 Daniet Coll. Hist. Eng. (1626)
the power of King Edward to collate [the Crown]. .by any
dispositiue and testamentary will. 1 BaTES Duty of
Resignation (R.) Without .. his dispositive wisdom and
power, the whole frame would disband and fall into con-
fusion. 1726 AyLiree Parergon 28 Sentences wherein
dispositive and enacting Terms are made Use of. 1832
Austin Furispr. (1879) IL. xliv. 781 When [the law] leaves
a certain latitude to the parties, it is called dispositive or
provisional; being to take effect only in case no disposi-
tion is made by the parties cheney! 1861 W. Beir
Dict, Law Scot, 294/2 All the other clauses of the deed are
merely auxiliary, or subservient to the dispositive clause,
to which they are intended to give effect. 1868 Act 31-32
Vict. c. 101 Sched. B. No.1 After the inductive and dis-
positive clauses, the deed may proceed thus.
+4. Of or pertaining to natural disposition or
inclination. Ods.
1656 Artif. Handsom. 84 Not to be reduced to any rules
or bounds of reason and religion ; no, not under any inten-
tionall piety, and habituall or dispositive holinesse. 1681
Baxter Afol. Nonconf. Min. 124 Want of dispositive
willingness or of a right will.
+ B. sb. Obs. rare.
1. Something that disposes or inclines ‘sce A. 2).
1629 H. Burton Babel no Bethel 33 Vheir faith [is] but as
a preparative or dispositiue to justification.
2. A dispositive document, law, or clause (see
A; 33;
677 Terie Let. fo Coventry Wks. 1731 IL. 431 There
was one essential Default in the very Dispositive ; which
was, The Omission of that Clause.
Dispo'sitively, av. ? Ols.
In a dispositive manner.
+1. By way of or in regard to disposition, inclin-
ation, or tendency: opposed to effectively, actually ;
sometimes nearly = Potentially. Ods.
1475 Bk. Noblesse 50 If a constellacion or prophesie signi-
fied that suche a yere .. there shulde falle werre, pestilence
or deerthe of vitaile to a contree. .it is said but dispositiflie
and not of necessitie or certente. ¢1624 LusHincton Resurr.
Serm. in Phenix (1708) U1. 489 Not to organize the body
(it was not dismembred nor any way corrupted, not so pete 4
as ‘in fieri’—no, not dispositively). 1630 Donne Serm.
(1632) 39 Prayer actually accompanied with shedding of
teares, and dispositively in a readines to shed blood .. in
necessary cases. 1646 Sir ‘l’, Browne Pseud. Ef. ui. ix. 124
That axiome in Philosophy, that the generation of one thing,
is the corruption of another, although it be substantially true
concerning the forme and matter, is also dispositively veri-
fied in the efficient or producer. 1651 BAxTER Inf. Bapt. 92
It is sufficient that the Parent be virtually and dispositive y
at present a Believer. 1666 Bove Orig. Hormes & Qual,
(1667) 32 If there were no sensitive Beings, those Bodies
that are now the Objects of our Senses, would be but dis-
positively, if 1 may so speak, endowed with Colours, ‘l'asts,
and the like, and actually but onely with those more
Catholick affections of Bodies, Figure, Motion, Texture, &c.
+2. Ina way that disposes. Oés.
1592 R. D. Hyfnerotomachia 81 And thus touched with
leasant heates ;. they began to boyle and kindle my colde
— and dispositively to adopt my altered heate to sincere
love.
+ 3. At the disposition of some controlling power.
1616 R. Carrenter Past, Charge 42 Euery instrument
worketh dispositively at the command of the principall
ent.
“Dispositor (dispp’zitas), Astrol. [a. L. dise
positor disposer, arranger, agent-n. from disponere:
see Dispose. Cf.OF. dispositor, -eur, -our (Oresme,
14thc.)] A planet that ‘ disposes of’ another ,sze
Dispose v. 8a); ‘the lord of a sign in its relation
to another planet’.
1598 G. C. Math. Phis. App. in Dariot's Astrolog. F. iva,
‘The qualitie and nature of the disease... generally. .is to bee
iudged of the nature of the signe of the 6 house, and the
dispositor thereof. 1652 GauLe Magastrom. 141 For the
sone (that lord it) are benefick, fortified in their proper
2 It was not in
r
[f. prec. + -Ly 2.]
494
ing the quality of disposing, fitting, or inclining:
= DIsPosirive a. 2.
1629 H, Burton Babel no Bethel 1 Prem and
disposi workes to Lustification. ae rae tie.
Epise. rig 66 A dispository power.
|| Disporsitrix. L. fem. of dispositor =she that
disposes or arranges. In quot. used attrib, = Dis-
posing, dispositive.
1677 Gare Crt. Gentiles 11. 1v. 388 If it be so, that the
gubernatrix and dispositrix mind do thus dispose althings..
[on p. 473 the same passage is rendered ‘ gubernative dis-
positive mind’).
+ Disposories, 5. /., var. desposories, DESPON-
SoRIES [Sp. desposortos| Obs., betrothal.
1623 Ear or Bristot Let. 28 Dec. in Heylin's Land 1.
ii. (1668) 115 Letters which she intended to have written
the day of her disposories to the Prince her Husband.
Dispossess (dispdze's), v. [ad. OF. despos-
sesser to dispossess (in Godef.), f. des-, Dis- 4 +
Possesser to Possess. Cf. the parallel med.L. dis-
possidére, 16th c. F, desposseder, mcd.F. dépossider.
For the development of sense 2, 2 b, cf. Possgss.]
1. trans. ‘To put (any one) out of possession ; to
strip of possessions ; to dislodge, disseise, oust.
1565 Child Marriages (E. E. T. S.) 136 The said Roberte
held possession in the said house till he was, bie order of
Lawe, dispossessed. 1595 Suaks. John 1. i. 131 Shal then
my fathers Will be of no force, To dispossesse that childe
which is not his. Mitton P. LZ, vit. 142 The seat Of
Deitie supream, us dispossest He trusted to have seis’d.
1765 H. WaLrote Otranto iii. (1798) 49 His father and
grandfather had been too powerful for the house of Vicenza
to dispossess them, 1841 Exvpuinstone //ist. /nd. 11. 229
They were dispossessed by the Arghtins of Sind, who were,
in their turn, expelled by Prince Camran.
To deprive (any one) of the possession of.(a
thing).
1494 Fanyan Chron, vit. 536 Y® Sarazyns at this iourney
were not dispossessyd of y* cytie of Thunys. 1576 Fieminc
'anopl. L-pist. 273 Neverthelesse, Iam not dispossessed of
hope. 1603 Suaks. A/eas. for M. u. iv. 22 Why doe's my
bloud thus muster to my heart. .dispossessing all my other
pipe of necessary fitnesse? 1794 SuLtivan Vrew Nat. I. 299
et a foreign body dispossess water of its coldness. 1845 S.
Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. 11. 389 The empire..seemed to
be regarded as already dispossessed of all its rights.
refl. 1555 WaTREMAN /ardle Facions i. xii. 278 To dis-
possesse them selues of all that euertheihaue. 1595 Suaks.
John ww. iii. 23 The king hath dispossest himselfe of vs.
1849 Rowertson Serm. Ser. 1. viii. 117 We have also dis-
possessed ourselves of belief in the reality of retribution.
+e. with from, out of: To drive out (froma
possession) ; to expel, banish. Ods.
1600 E. Biount tr. Conestaggio 272 Having dispossessed
F. from his charze, he began [etc.]. Mitton /?. L. xu.
28 Who. .will. .quite dispossess Concord and law of Nature
from the Earth, 1679 J. Smith Narrat. Pop. Plot Ded.
Bb, Might your Popish Adversaries but once..dispossess |
you out of the hearts of your Subjects. 1772 Ann. Reg.
42/1 To make use of force, in dispossessing our people from
Port Egmont. :
+d. With double obj. (of omitted). Ods. rare—.
1607 Suaks. 7710 1. i. 138, 1 will choose Mine heyre from
forth the Beggars of the world And bry Bagne her all.
+2. To cast out (the evil spirit by which any one
is possessed) ; to exorcize. Ods.
1618 Row.anps Sacred Ment. 34 Helpe, helpe, haue mercy,
dispossesse this fiend. 1683 Hickes Case /uf. Baft. 53 The
true Disciples of Christ did then dispossess Devils. 1775
H. Farmer Demoniacs N. 7.1. vii. 142 Writers, who .. re-
present the devil as being every day dispossessed by Chris-
tians.
b. To rid (the possessed person) of (an evil
spirit); to free from demoniacal possession.
1599 Haktuyt Voy, II. 1. 65 There are pred possessed
men in those parts..who being dispossessed of the vncleane
spirits, do presently beleeue in Christ who deliuered them.
1624 Massincer Xenegado 1v. iii, I cannot play the exorcist
To dispossess thee. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Gout. Eng. 1. x.
(1739) 18 Then Exorcists, that served to dispossess such as
were possessed by the Devil. 1676 Kipper Charity Dir.
How many he .. Dispossessed, and Raised. 1801 Mar,
Saccavern Belinda (1832) 11. xxviii. 273 He was —"
5
G. Ottver Coll. Biog. Soc. of Fesus 74 His fame for dis-
P ing ot rsons becoming notorious. |
3. transf. and fig. To dislodge, oust, drive out.
1598-9 E. Forve Parismuns 11. (1661) 4 But Fortune. .at an
i disp d their 1601 Suaks. 7wed. N.
ty. ii. 64 Thou shalt hold th* — of Pythagoras. .and
feare to kif a Woodcocke, lest thou dispossesse the soule of
thy dam. 1676 Hoppers /éiad 1, 451 And having thirst
and hunger dispossest. 1830 Herscnen Stud. Nat. Phil.
§ 68 ‘Two kinds of prejudi which. . iffer ex-
tremely in the difficulty of dispossessing them,
Iience Disposse’ssed ///. a.; Disposse'ssing
vbl, sb. and ppl. a.; Disposse'ss sb. U.S. collog.,
the act of ejecting from possession, ejectment, as
in dispossess proceedings, d. warrant, legal pro-
ceedings or warrant to eject a tenant (Cent. Dict.):
cf. DISPOSSESSORY.
1597 Br. J. Kino Yonas (1618) 76 Discountenancings,
ditnhings: dispossessings - them. 1599 Minsneu, Des-
seydo, dispossessed, a 1631 Donne in Se/ect. (1840) 96
€ require .. a dislodging, a dispossessing of the sin, 1628
Earte Microcosm.) Cook (Arb.) 47 For that time hee is tame
and 1860 Frouve //ist. Eng. V. 112 Thousands
sessed of the evil ob of gambling, as if by a miracle.
jouses .. influences, irradiations, significators, dispositors,
promissors. 1819 Jas. Witson Compl. Dict. Astrol., Dis-
Positor, that planet which disposes of another, : :
Dispo- , a Obs. rare. [f. L. disposit-
ppl. stem of dé'spondre to dispose : see-ory.] Havy-
of dispossessed tenants made their way to London.
session (dispdzefon). [n. of action
from Dispossess ; cf, mod.F. dépossession.
1, The action of dispossessing or fact of being
DISPOSURE.
dispossessed ; deprivation of or ejection from’a
possession. In Law =OusTErR, : ‘
1576 Fieminc Panofl. Efist. 379 And playd the arrant
struction. a6solK: Coxe Fwctice Vaud. 96 the dispossension
struction. ” « Justice Vii ispossession
and disinheritance of another. KSTONE Comm.
III. 201 The remedy by ejectment is in it’s original an action
brought by one who a lease for years, to repair the
injury done him by dispossession. 1885 Atheneum 23
661/1 ‘The dispossession of Huntley from the heritage.
+b. concr. Something of which one has been
dispossessed. Obs. nonce-use (after possession).
1640 Quartes Enchirid. 1. 100 Warres, whose ends are not
to defend your owne Possessions, or to recover your dispos-
sessions, are but Princely Injuries.
2. The casting out of an evil spirit; exorcism.
1600 DARRELL Fine), A True Narration..Wherein the
doctrine of P i Disp ion of D iak
+. is icularly applied vnto Somers. 1647 Trarr Comm.
Mark ix. 28 The dispossession of the out of many
ee. -in —- -is - fess ne —
emoniacs N. 7. 11. iii. 351 possession they inte:
only to describe a disorder .. the removal of it was all they
could intend 7 dispossession. 1863 S. J. ANprews Life of
our Lord 233 Cures of disp jon were the earliest
and commonest of the Saviour’s miracles,
+ Disposse‘ssment. Os. rare—". [f. Dis-
POSSESS +-MENT.] The action of dispossessing or
the fact of being dispossessed ; loss.
1600 Heywoop 1st Pt. Edw. [V, v. Wks. 1874 1.73 My
husband grieves (alas ! how can he choose ?) Fearing the dis-
possessment of his Jane.
=
Disposse'ssor. Also 7 -our. [f. Dispossess
+-oR.] One who dispossesses.
1593 Nasne Christ's 7. (1613) 44 To oppugne the dispos-
sessors of thy Deity, 1611 Tourneur Ath. Trag. ui. iv.
Wks. 1878 I. 95, I will not be Your dispossessour but your
Gardian. I will supply your Father's vacant place. 1768
Biackstone Comm. 111, 180 If the dispossessor has any
legal claim, he may afterwards exert it, notwithstanding a
recovery had against him in these poss actions.
Pusey Alin. Proph. 228 The remnant of Zion, being de-
livered, would disp their disp S.
Disposse'ssory, «. [f. as prec. +-ony.] Re-
lating to dispossession or eviction.
1888 Union Signal (Chicago) 5 Apr., The number of dis-
tress and dispossessory warrants issued.
Dispo'st,v. [f. Dis- 7+Posr sd.: cf. obs. F.
desposter, ~poester, -postir to dispossess] ‘rans,
To deprive of a post; to dismiss or drive from a
post or position.
1577 Bucnanan Let. to Randolph [‘ Master of the postes’)
Wks. (1892) 59 Albeit I be on fut, and ye the post; pray-
ing you als not to dispost my hoste at Newwerk, Jone of
Kelsterne. 1609 J. Davies Holy Roode (1876) 12 (D.) Now,
thinke thou see’st..This kindling Cole of flaming Charitie
Disposted all in post. 1823 Cuatmers Serm. 1.255 It is God
. .who alone can dispost it from this ency. 1827 Scotr
Napoleon x\vii, The. .resoluti di ing t)
= by main force. Fraser's Mag. XLII, 598
rd George Bentinck died disposted.
Dispost, obs. pa. t. and pa. pple, of Dispose,
Disposure (dispé«z'iiz), Now rare. [f. Dis-
POSE v. +-URE; cf. COMPOSURE. ]
1. Arrangement, order: = Disposivion 1, 2.
@ 1625 Frercuer //um. Lientenant m1. iv, She is so great
a mistress of disposure. 1658 Sir T. Browne Gard. rus
iii. 47 The remarkable di re of those yellow fringes
ont the purple gem k eraong iy Neer _ a
‘oncl. (1710) 240 In my Disposure mp! ts of t
Brain, { have thought fit to make Invention the Master.
1824 /.xaminer 71/1 The disposure of the group is beautiful.
+ b. Good order, ordetly arrangement. Oés.
@ 1637 B. perio Underwoods, Epit. V. Corbet, A life that
+. was .. all order and disposure still.
+2. Ordering, control, management, direction ;
dispensation ; = Disposa 1, Disposition 3. Ods.
1569 Couman Lef. in Strype Ann. Ref. 1. lv. 609 Dis-
age crosses are very grievous to the flesh. 1625
. Lone tr. Barclay’s Argenis u. xvii. 119 Out of the
placing of the Starres .. out of their influence on Children. .
comes the whole disposure of their life and death,
Bates Chr. Relig. proved by Reason v. sR) In the
res of providence. 1689 Proc. Pres. Pari.
Dissatisfied with the Management and eee eo of Affairs,
3. The action of disposing of, making over, set-
tling, etc. ; bestowal, assignment ; = Disposat 2, 3;
Disposition 4.
@ 1649 Deum. or Hawtn. Hist. Yas. IT, Wks. (7m) 3
Rendring the disposure thereof peers agen sincere
pure for ex; necessary and . 1665 Evetyn
Mem. (1857) aah ors The disp and assig of this
igious royal aid of £2,500,000, 1682 Peunsylv, Archives
. 50 Y® Disposure we" yo" have already made of great
Scopes of land. 1873 Browninc Ned Cott. Nt-cap 168
Disp of the that took time.
+4. Power or right to dispose of ; = DisPosat 4,
Disposrri0n 4b. Obs.
1606 Forp Honor Tri. (1843) 13 Inchained to the di: re
of his ladie. 1630 Massincer Picture 1.ii, Surrendering up
My will and faculties to your re. 1661 E. Burroucns
Pha conc. Quakers 20 At the Will and Disposure of the
Almighty we are. a@ Urqunart Kabelais 1. iii. 38 To
ake Creditors is soa Disposure of each Stan's
Arbitriment.
+5. Turn of mind; Pheer nites | 6. pe po
1613 Cuarman Revenge B: Amibois w. a,
Phen. F re, As mui sineeting to behold, 24s Ee
vnnaturall and bloudy action. :
Dispotto, dispotical, obs. ff. Despor, -IcaL.
Dispouse, var. form of DespousE v. Os.
DISPOWER.
+ Dispow'er, v. Ods. rare. [Dis- 7 .] trans.
To ae of power.
1656 S. H. Gold. Law 66 How could they do less having
power, then desert and dispower him?
Dispoyle, -spoyly, obs. ff. Desporn v.
+Dispra‘ctice. 00s. rare. [Dis- 9.] Dis-
continuance.
1673 Penn Alex. Coppersm. Rebuked 10 Well satisfied
with any Member's Dispractice of an orderly Performance.
+Disprai‘sable, a. 0s. [f. Disrratse v. +
-ABLE. Cf. OF. desprisable reprehensible, f. des-
priser to dispraise.] Worthy of dispraise or blame.
¢ 1449 Pecock Ref. m1. viii. 325 He therbi be. .preisable or
dispreisable, doing honestli or doing dishonestli. 1553
Grimatve Cicero's Offices 1. (1558) 49 Innumerable other
diuersities ther be of nature and of maners no deal yet dis-
P' le. “1630 R. Foh ’s Kinga. & Comm. 639 Onely
in this it is dispraisable .. it bringeth forth Inhabitants of
savage .. and inhumane behaviour. 16.. T. Apams lWzs,
(1861-2) II. 462 (D.) It is dispraisable either to be senseless
or fenceless. 1758 Jounson Disfraisible, unworthy of
commendation, Dict.
Dispraise (dispré'-z), sb. [f. Dis- 9 + Praise
5b.; or f, DISPRAISE v, after praise sb. Cf. OF.
despriz, despris, and see DISPRIZE sd.]
1, The action or fact of dispraising ; the opposite
of praise ; expression of disparagement; blame,
censure,
bg Hawes Past. Pleas. xt. vi, The morall sense they
cloke full subtyly, In prayse or dysprayse, as it is reason-
able. 1580 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 218 He began to make
along Oration in his dispraise. 1667 Mitton ?. ZL. x1. 167
‘To mee reproach Rather belongs, distrust, and all dispraise.
X ——- Antiq. Chr. Ch. 1. 3 Does not necessarily
imply either praise or dispraise. 1852 TENNyson Death
Dk. Wellington 73 In b pine and in dispraise the same,
Aman of well-attemper’d frame. i Miss YonGE Cameos
(1877) IL. xix. 197 Charles VI would not hear a word in his
dispraise. f : é
2. with a and g/. An act or instance of disprais-
ing or blaming. b. A cause of blame, discredit,
or disgrace.
I Covervate IVisd. iv, heading, A disprayse of the
wicked. 1580 Sipney Arcadia 1. (1724) II. 718 Little did
the melancholick Shepherd regard either his dispraises, or
the other's praises. 1641 Hinpe ¥. Bruex xli. 129 To bee
raised of a man utterly unworthy of any praise himselfe,
is a dispraise. 1754 RicHarpson Grandison I. xxxvi. 257
How far from a dispraise in this humane consideration,
1872 Howetts Wedd. Yourn. 33 As they twittered their
little dispraises.
Dispraise (dispré'-z}, v. Forms: 4-5 dis-
preise-n, 4-7 disprayse, 5 despreise, des-,
dyspreyse, 5-6 dysprayse, 5-7 despraise, 6
dispreyse, -prease, 6-7 disprase, 4- dispraise.
[a. OF. despreister, -preiser, -prisier,= Pr. des-
presar, despreciar, Sp. despreciar, lt. disprezzare:
—late L. or Romanic type *déspretidre for cl.L.
dépretiare ; see DEPRECIATE and De- I. 6.
In OF., originally, the tonic stem had -fr/s-, the atonic
-preis-, hence inf. despreisier, 3 sing. pr. desprise. But
these distinctions were subseq. confused, and at length
levelled under the -f77s- form: thence Eng. Disprizr.]
1. trans. To do the opposite of to praise; to
speak of with disparagement, depreciation, blame,
or om cece gy to blame, censure.
@1300 Cursor M. 27585 (Cott.) We agh ilk [fallen] man
upraise, and in vr hert vrself dispraise. c1386 CHAUCER
Melib, 105 (Harl.) Who-so wil haue Sapience schal no
man desprayse. ¢1400 Xow. Rose 1053 For to dispreisen,
and to blame That best deserven love and name. 1494
Fasyan Chron, iv. xix. 47 She dispraysed hym in that,
that he worshypped a man yt was nayled vpon a Crosse.
1547-64 Bautpwin Mor. Philos. (Palfr.) 166 Doe not that
thy selfe, which thou dispraisest in another. 1612 WooDALL
Surg. Mate Pref. Wks. (1653) 12 Foxes dispraise the grapes
they cannot reach. 1616 B. Jonson Zpigr. 1. lii. To Cen-
sortous Courtling, I rather thou should’st utterly Dispraise
my Work, than praise it frostily. 1712 Sree.e Sfect. No.
288 #3 While they like my Wares they may dispraise my
Writing. 1850 W. Irvine Goldsmith xxvi. 259 Johnson,
who .. rarely praised or dispraised things by halves. 1852
Rosertson Lect. 177 Men who cannot praise Dryden with-
out dispraising Coleridge.
absol, 1483 Caxton Gold, Leg. 235/1 To fore thys tyme
desprey: and scorned and wend there had ben none
other lyf than this. ¢ 600 Suaks. Sonn. xcv, That tongue
that tells the story of thy daies.. Cannot dispraise. 16:
Futver Pisgah 1. vi. 16 When he intends to praise or dis-
praise, he will doe it to the purpose, 1878 Miss ‘TytLer
Anne Ascue i. in Sunday Mag. 36 As for you or any other
«. I will not dispraise, because I know you not.
+2. To speak of depreciatingly or contemp-
tuously; to depreciate, despise. Ods.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Me/id. » 5 Whan Prudence had herd hire
husbond him of his richesse. .dispreising the power
of his adversaries. 1475 B&. Noblesse 59 Fabius despraised
renommee and vayne glorie, but onlie gafe his solicitude,
gg and his bisy cure about the comon profit of Rome.
e500 Melusine xx. 113 Dyspreyse not _ enmyes though
they be litel, but make euer good watche.
3. To bring dispraise upon, to cause to be depre-
ciated or despised. rare.
E. Arnotp Zé. Asia vu, (1881) 226 These riches
not fade away in life, Nor any death dispraise.
Hence Disprai‘sed 7//. a.; Disprai‘sing v/.
sb, and ffl.a.; Disprai‘singly adv.
_ ¢1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. » 423 In dispreisynge of hym
that men preise. 33 Cath. Angl. 101/2 lipxaniees,
_ deprauacio, 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 238 All y°
crymes of y® tonge, as sclaunders, detraccyons..or dis-
495
praysynges, etc. 1552 Hutort, Dispraysed, despectus, des-
picatus, obtrectatus. 1604 Suaxs. Oth. ut. Fh 72 When
I haue spoke of you dispraisingly. 1839 Fraser's Mag.
XIX. 31 [He] is dispraisingly sketched by the authoress.
Disprai'ser.
in 19th Cent. VIII. 201 Unbeliever, unmaker, and di
Hence Disprai‘seress, a female dispraiser.
1611 Coter., Desfriseresse,a disesteemeresse, despiseresse,
or dispraiseresse of.
+ Disprai‘seworthy, «. Ols. rare. [f. Dis-
PRAISE s., after prazseworthy.] Worthy or desery-
ing of dispraise ; blameworthy.
1553 GRIMALDE Cicero's Offices 11. (1558) 137 If they bee
dispraiseworthye who haue held their peace, what is to bee
thought of those who haue used a vainnesse of talke ?
Disprave, bad form of DEpRavr.
1402 Hoccieve Letter of Cupid 265 Than to deprave
(Speght's ed. Chaucer dispraue] wommen generally.
SF Dispray-er. Obs. rare. [Dis- 9: cf. OF.
desprier to wnsay a prayer.) ? Deprecation.
1615 DanieL Queen's Arcadia mm. v. Wks. (1717) 194
That Sound of Words, that answers not the ‘Tone Of my
Disprayers in th’ Accents of like Moan.
Dispread, disspread (dispred), v. arch.
Forms: 6 dispred, despreed, 7~ dispread, dis-
spread. /a. ¢. and ff/e. dispread ; 6 despred,
6-7 dispred, 7— disspred, (pa. pple. exon. 7 dis-
preden, 8 -edden). [f. d-, Dis- 1+ SPREAD v.]
1. trans. To spread abroad or out; to extend,
expand, dilate, open out.
1590 SPENSER /*. Q. 1. iv. 17 Drawne of fayre Pecocks, that
excell in pride, And full of Argus eyes their tayles dis-
predden wide. 1591 — Virg. Guat 242 Looslie on the
grassie greene dispredd. QO. v. xii. 13 Like as
1596 — /.
a tender Rose .. Dispreds the glorie of her leaues gay.
1600 FairFAx 7 asso 1. xl. 9 Baldwine his ensigne faire did
next despreed. 1616 Sanpys /’s, cxx. in Farr S. P. Fas. /,
(1848) 80 A vine on wall disspred. 1639 G. Danie. Ecclus.
xxiv. 51 Dispreden farr, Farre as the T'erebinth, my branches
are. 1714 Solomon's Song in Steele's Poet. Misc. 242 While
opening Buds their folded Leaves dis-spread, 1738 WESLEY
Psalms xtv.iv, Dispread the Victory of thy Cross. @a1766
W. Tuomrson Hymn to May xxii. 3 Have ye not seen ..
Striding the clouds a bow dispredden wide? 1838 Mrs.
BrownineG V/s. Poets 203 The lady stood beside his head,
Smiling a thought, with hair dispread. 1863 W. Lancaster
Praeterita 64 The disunited, desolated hands Listless of
use and nervelessly disspread.
2. intr. (for refl.)
1596 SpensER /. Q. Iv. vii. 4o His face they [his lockes]
overgrew, And over all his shoulders did dispred. 1642 H.
More Song of Soul 1.1. xlix, She is the centre from whence
all the light Dispreads. 1727-46 ‘THOMSON Szmer 209
Tyrant Heat, dispreading through the sky With rapid
sway.
Hence Disprea’d #//.a.; Disprea ding v0/. 5d.;
Disprea‘der, one who spreads abroad.
1636 Fearty Clazis Myst. ii. 15 Joseph of Arimathea..
a great dispreader of the Gospel. 1642 H. More Song
of Soul i. 1. tv. x, Dispread exility Of slyer reasons fails.
1644 Mitton Areof. (Arb.) 48 Dispredders both of vice
and error, a1652 J. Smitu Sed. Disc. vit. vi. (1821) 361
The dispreadings and distended radiations of his love.
1890 Spectator 15 Feb., Prophets descend from the ceiling
of the Sistine to become andirons, and their dispread limbs
find a motive in the poker and tongs.
Disprease, -preise, obs. ff. DisPRAISE.
Dispre‘judice, v. rare. [Dis-7a.] ¢rans.
To free from prejudice.
1654 W. Mountacue Devout Ess. u. vii. § 5 (R.) Those
+ will easilie be ., disprejudiced in point of the doctrine.
Disprepa‘re, v. rare. [Dis- 6.] ‘rans.
To render unprepared.
1651 Hospes Leviath. iv. xliv, A confederacy of deceivers
that .. endeavour .. to extinguish in them [men] the light,
both of nature and the Gospel ; and so to disprepare them
for the Kingdom of God to come.
+ Dispre'ss, v. Ols. [f. Dis- 1 + Press v.]
trans. Yo press or force asunder or apart.
1605 TImME Quersi¢. 111. 156 Mercurial vapours thickened
into Cloudes..and. .not able to be dispressed. 1617 Marx-
HAM Cavad. 1. 83 The searing of the skinne..doth so seauer
and dispresse it, that it will neuer after meete close together
againe. a1627 Haywarp Law. VJ (1630) 92 Princes .. in
no case to endure their supreame authority to be force-
ably either oppressed or dispressed by their subjects.
Disprie’st, v. rare. [Dis-7b.] trans. To
deprive of the priesthood.
1563-87 Foxe A. & M. (1596) 131/2 If he did well in so
dispreesting and discharactering «kha 1611 FLorio,
Spretare, to vnpriest, to dispriest.
isprince: see Dis- 7b.
Disprison (dispri‘z’n), v. [D1s- 7c. Cf. obs.
F. desprisonner, mod.F, dép-.] trans. To set free
from prison. Hence Dispri-soned £#/. a.
1842 Lytton Zanont vi. vii, The disprisoned mind.
Disprivacied (disprai-vasid), Af/. a. [f. Dis-
7a.) Deprived or bereft of privacy.
1848 Lowe. Fadle for Critics Poet. Wks. 1890 III. 93
On the poet’s dis-privacied moods. .the pert critic intrudes.
Disprivilege (dispri-viledz), v. Also 7-8
-edge. ([D1s- 7a (or 6).]
. trans. To deprive (a person) of privilege.
@ 1617 Bayne Ox Eph. (1658) 125 Our love must be shewed
them... unlesse their foolish lewdness dis-priviledge them.
1532 in
DISPROFIT.
1670 Penn Lib, of Consc. iv. Wks. (1726) I. 452 Soacting and
believing, dispriviledges them for ever of that Recompence.
1882 7rans. KR. Hist. Soc. X. 253 One ought not to dis-
privilege a person without.his knowledge.
. To annul or undo the privilege of. Obs. rare.
1622 H. SypenHAM Serm. Sol. Occ. 11. (1637) 141 Let not
my zeale to the Priest disprivilege my allegiance to my King.
+ Dispri‘ze, s/. Cds. Also 6 disprice. [a.
OF. despris ‘ disesteeme, contempt, disdaine’
(Cotgr.), earlicr despriz=It. d@sprezzo, Sp. dts-
precio :—late L. type *drspretium. See DISPRIZE Vv,
and cf, Prize, Price.) Disparagement, deprecia-
tion, contempt.
1560 Ro.ianp Crt, Venus ut. 61 3e haif done greit dispricfe].
¢ 1636 James /ter Lanc, (Cheth. Soc.) Introd. 36 In disprize
of death.
Disprize (disproi:z), v. Obs. or arch. Forms:
5 despryse, 5-6 desprise, dispryse, 6 dyspryse,
7 disprise, 7- disprize. [a. late OF. desprise-r
for original desprersier (tonic stem desp7se) : see
DispraIsE, which represents the earlier OF. form.]
1. ¢rans. To depreciate, undervalue; to hold
in small repute or in contempt. arch.
1480 Caxton Ovid's et. xu. xiv, He desprised Hector and
his menace. 1484 — Chivalyy (Caxton) 80 Kynge Alysander
in desprysing auarice and couetyse had alwey the handes
stratched forthe for to gyue unto his knyghtes. 1606 SHaks.
Tr. & Cri. v.74 "Tis done like Hector; but securely done,
A little proudly, and great deale disprising The knight
oppos'd. x Quarces Barnabas & B, (1851) 147 And wilt
thou more disprize the giver than the gift? 1886 [see
Disrrizep below.)
+b. To make of small account ; to dishonour.
1508 A. Capiou Porteous of Nodblenes in Compl, Scot. (1801)
Introd. 204 He desprisis his nobilnes that..kepis noght hym
selue clene. ee
+e. To bring into depreciation. Ods.
a 1687 Cotton Ode to Lydia (‘V.) Dishevel, sunset, thy
yellow hair, Whose ray does burnished gold disprize.
+ 2. To dispraise, disparage, decry ; to speak of
slightingly. Ods.
1514 Barciay Cyt. §& Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) 4 The
frosty wynter.. Whiche men than praysed, they now dyspryse
& hate. 1570 Satir, Poems Reform. xviii. 53 Vhair fact
and act all Scotland now disprysis. 1621 QuARLES A realus
§ /. (1678) 4 Some trust to fame, some secretly disprize Her
worth,
Hence Disprized ///. a.; Dispri-zing v/. 5).
and Pf/. a.
1500 Burgh Rec, Edin. 20 Oct. (Jam.) William Paterson
{and] Patrick Lowiesoun convict be ane assyse vpoun the
disprysing of William Todrig, baillie, invadand him with..
drawin swordis. 1560 RoLLaNnp Crt. Venus ut. 179 Bot be
no way in Venus disprysing. 1602 Suaks. //av. 111, i. 72
For who would beare .. The pangs of dispriz’d Loue. 1886
Dowven Shelley I. iv. 154 Haunted by thoughts of his own
disprized love.
Dispro‘babilize, v. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + Prosa-
BILIZE.] ¢rans. ‘To deprive of probability, render
improbable. Hence Dispro‘babilizing Z//. a. ;
Disprobabiliza‘tion.
1827 Bentuam Ration. Fudic. Evid. 11. 13 The principal
fact will be considered as being, in a greater or less degree,
disprobabilized. /did., The existence of this disprobabilizing
fact. bid, 16 Notice cannot but be taken of the opposite
effect, disprobabilization. ;
+ Disproba‘tion. O¢s. [Dis- 9, after dis-
prove.] = DISAPPROBATION,
1647 M. Hupson Div. Right Govt. u. vi. 110 The Books
of Exodus and Numbers record ten several disprobations
and murmurings of the people against Moses .. Neither did
the peoples disprobation of his just Power.,unking David.
Dispro‘bative, @. rare. [Dis- 10, after dis-
prove.| ‘That tends to disprove.
1823 BentHam Not Paul 23 A disprobative Circumstance.
1827 — Ration. Fudic. Evid. ui. 16 Little need for con-
sidering the probative force (the disprobative force it will
here be held).
Disprofe, -proffe, obs. ff. DispRoor.
+ Disprofe'ss, v. Os. rare. [Dis- 6.] srans.
To renounce the profession of.
1590 SPENSER /*. Q. 111, xi. 20 His armes, which he had
vowed to disprofesse, She. .did about him dresse.
Dispro‘fit, sb. Os. or arch. [f. Dis- 9 +
Prorit sé.] ‘The opposite of profit ; disadvantage,
detriment.
1494 Fasyan Chron, vit. 618 All was ruled by the quene &
her counsayll, to the great disprofite of the kynge & his
realme, 1 Dateympte tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. vi. 3
Weiris ar begun, with gret slauchtir on baith sydes, dis-
proffet and skaith. 1620 MarkxHam Farew. Husd. u. xxii.
(1668) 120 You shall want their Company .. which is both
discomfort and disprofit. 1751 Westey Wks. (1872) XIV.
125 Adjectives signifying. .disprofit..govern a Dative Case.
1837 CartyLe Mirabeau Misc. (1872) V. 217 Vhey fought
much: with an eye to profit, to redress of disprofit.
+b. with a and Z/. A disadvantage. Ods.
a1568 CoverDALE Bk, Death 1. viii. Wks. II. 56 All the
aforesaid disprofits and griefs do justly vanish. 165 Hospes
Govt, & Soc. x. § 2. 149 All the profits and disprofits arising
from government. es H. M. tr. Erasm. Collog. 219 Lest
I should get for my self any profit by others sg 4
Dispro‘fit, v. Obs. orarch. [f. Dis- 6+ Prorir
v. (possibly from Fr.).]
1, trans. To bring disadvantage to; to injure, in-
commode, inconvenience.
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 264/1 [He] commendyd hym to
god ag a, A the bad shold not disproufyte hym.
i . H. Turner Select. Rec, Oxford 113 The Towne
DISPROFITABLE.
is not profited by them, but .. disprofited. 1660 tr. Para-
celsus’ y pears nu. 110* That which is Innate doth neith
496
1608 Dispute Guetted Teaweling ig ee 3 Why doe wee
our selues at
profit, or disprofit any one. 1837 Cartyie J’. Rev. Il. v.
vii, Of the whole two thousandethere are not now half a
score. .that will profit or disprofit us. 1850 — Latter-d. P.
vii. (1872) 246. :
+2. intr. (for refl.) To fail to profit ; to receive
disadvantage or injury. Ods.
1561 T. Norton Calvin's Inst. 1v. 88 He hath sene no
worse menne than those that disprofited in monasteries.
Hence Dispro‘fited f//.a., Dispro‘fiting v//. sb.
1599 Minsnev, Desaprovechado, disprofited. 1632 SuEr-
woop, A disprofiting, Endommagement.
+ Dispro‘fitable, z. Ols. [f. D1s- 10 + Pro-
FITABLE: cf. obs. F. desprofitable (16th c. in
Godef.).] Unprofitable ; detrimental.
1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. VIIT (an. 19) (1809) 739 He had
. discharged 12 Articles whiche were moste grevous & dis-
profitable to the Frenche Kyng. 1572 R. H. tr. Lavaterus’
Ghostes To Rar. (1596) A iij, Profitable therefore it is..vnto |
many, and disprofitable vnto none.
Disproof (dispr#f). Forms: 6 disprofe,
-proufe, -prove, 6- disproof. [f. D1s- 9 + Proor,
after DisprovE.] The proving of a thing not to
be what is asserted; refutation, confutation ; the
evidence constituting such refutation.
1531 Exyor Gov. 1. xiv. (1883) 153 Therin they do dili-
gently obserue the rules of Confirmation and Confutation,
wherin resteth prouf and disproufe. 1533 More Answ.
Poysoned Bk, Wks. 1099/2 These woordes haue .. in them-
selfe, neither any thyng in disprofe of the very eating of
his flesh, nor for the profe yt he ment the beliefe of hys
death, 1695 Woopwarp Nat. Hist. Earth 1. 45 A fuller and
more effectual Disproof of the recited opinions. 1825 Syp.
Situ Wks. (1859) II. 66/1 Such allegations .. are scarce
ever susceptible of specific disproof. 1884 tr. Lotze’s
Metaph. 194 Such a proof ., has never been attempted; the
burden of disproof has been thrown on the opposite v iew.
b. witha and f/. An instance of this; a dis-
proving fact or piece of evidence.
a1650 May Satir. Puppy (1657) 20 Lest he should betray
himself to an eminent disproof. 1699 BentLey Pha/. Pref.
: A sufficient Disproof of this malicious Calumny. 1877
¢. R. Conner Bas. Faith v. 233 Lightly to pass over all..
irreconcilable facts as mere difficulties, not disproofs,
+ Dispro‘perty, v. Os. rare. [Dis- 7b.]
trans. ‘Yo deprive of property; to dispossess,
1607 SHAKS. Cor. 11. i. 264 He would Haue made them Mules,
silenc'd their Pleaders, And dispropertied their Freedomes,
Disproportion dispropo-sfon), sd. [f. Dis- 9
+ Proportion: perh. a. F. disproportion (16th c.
in Hatz.-Darm.).]
Want of proportion in number, quantity, size,
etc. ; lack of symmetry or due relation of quantity
or number between things or parts of the same
thing; the condition of being out of proportion.
1555 Even Decades 190 The disproportion that they haue
to all other beastes. 1642 Futter //oly & Prof, St. 1. xxii.
214 Let there be no great disproportion in age. 1656 Br.
Hatt in Spurgeon 77eas. Dav. Ps. cxliv, 3 The dispropor-
tion betwixt us and them [gnats] is but finite. 1752 JoHNSON
Rambler No. 196. ® 3 The disproportion will always be
great between expectation and enjoyment. 1878 Masque
Poets 208 Evil perhaps being nothing more nor less Than
good in disproportion or excess. 1880 Dixon Windsor III.
xxxiii, 325 A sense of disproportion lifts men into mirth.
b. with a and f/.: An example of this ; some-
thing out of proportion.
1597 Daniet Civ. Wars 1. xxviii, Disproportions harmony
do break. 160g Saks. Oth. 111. iii. 233 Foule disproportions,
Thoughts vnnaturall. 1667 Mitton ?. Z. vit. 27 Reasoning
I oft admire, How Nature wise and frugal could commit
Such disproportions. 1875 Jowerr Plato (ed. 2) III. 672
A leg too long, or some other disproportion,
Disproportion, v. [f. the sh. Cf. F. dés-
proportionner.| trans. To render or make out of
due proportion.
1593 Suaks. 3 Hen. V/, 111. ii. 160 Shee did corrupt frayle
Nature with some Bribe .. To shape my Legges of an vn-
equall size, To dis-proportion me in euery part. a 1631
Donne Lett, (1651) 7 Nothing disproportions us .. as_mur-
muring. 1838 LytTon A dice x1. viii, Statutes that dispro-
portion punishment to crime, 1864 W. Fatrnairn in Reader
27 Feb. 270/1 It is even possible so to disproportion the top
and bottom areas of a wrought-iron girder. .as to cause it to
yield with little more than alf the ultimate strain,
Dispropo'rtionable, @. [f. prec. + -aBLr.]
Out of due or symmetrical proportion ; dispropor-
tionate.
1589 Purrennam Eng, Poesie ut. xxiv, (Arb.) 283 So was
the kings action proportionable to his estate and therefore
decent, the Philosophers, disproportionable both to his pro-
fession and calling and therefore indecent. 1640 WILKINS
New Planet vi. (1707) Such an incredible Celerity, as is
altogether disproportionable to its Bigness. a1717 BLackaut.
Wks. (sys) 1. 136 Seeing .. the good and evil things of this
o
Life and of the next are so vastly disproportionable. 1760-72
tr. Yuan §& Ulloa's Voy. (ed, 3) 1. 124 Its belly is, in large-
ness, very disproportionable to its body.
Dis ne ruensD lone: {f prec. +
-nEss.] ‘The quality of being out of proportion.
1651 Biacs New Disp. +. Consisting of crudities, dis-
proportionablenesse, 1664 H. More Inig. 336 From
Myst.
the disproportionableness of the seven Age of the world
to the rest. 1894 Newspr., A corres lent .. sub-
mitted the word ‘ disprop ’,as the ] in
the English language.
Dispropo'rtionably, adv. [f. as prec. +
-LY2,} Ina manner or to an extent which is out
of due proportion ; disproportionately.
the table and feast of our Lord lesus.
_ DISPULP.
2. Capable of being disproved ; refutable.
1685 Boyte Eng. Notion Nat. 114 (L.) The incorrupti:
bl and i bility of the heavenly bodies is more
177° LaNGHorNE
Plutarch (1879) 1. 176/2 His head was portionably
long. Prcroad Alice 65 The room was almost dispro-
portionably lofty.
B: ‘rtional, a. and sé. [f. Disero-
PORTION + -AL; cf. F. disproportionnel.
A, adj. = DISPROPORTIONATE,
1609 Hottann Amm, Marcell. Annot. Cija, Then the
length were disproportionall to the breadth. 1645 Mitton
Colast. (1851) 371 To force the continuance of mariage be-
tween mindes found utterly unfit, and disproportional, is
against nature. 1692 Locke Educ. § 158 It is very dispro-
portional to the Und ding of childhood.
B. sd. A disproportional quantity or number.
1696 ScarsurGcd Euclid (1705) 192 Having finished his
Explanations of..Proportionals, and Disproportionals.
Hence Dispropo'rtionalness = next.
1730-6 in Baitey (folio). In recent Dicts.
Disproportiona‘lity. [f. prec. + -1ry.] The
quality of being disproportional.
1642 H. Morr. Song of Soud u. iii. 11. 1x, The world so's
setten free From that untoward disproportionalitie, 1668
— Div. Dial. u. xii. (1713) 125 That poison is nothing but
disproportionality of particles to the particles of our own ..
Bodies. 1818 Bentnam Ch. Eng. 374 For. .services of the
occasional class .. Pay, by disproportionality excessive.
Dispropo'rtionally, adv. [f. as prec. + -Lv?.]
In a manner or to an extent that is out of pro-
portion.
1755 in JouNSON, 1839 Jounston in Proc. Berw. Nat.
Club 1. No. 7. 201 The eyes of the embryo, at this period
disproportionally large. 1845 MeCuttocn 7a-vration 11. ix.
(1852) 334 Disproportionally heavy taxes are the great cause
of smuggling. 1880 ‘I. W. Wess in Nature XX1. 213 The
satellites [of Mars] .. are .. so disproportionally minute,
according to our limited ideas of proportion.
Disproportionate, «. [f. Dis- 10 + Pro-
PORTIONATE a. Cf. F. disproportionnéd (16th c.):
see -ATE,.] Out of proportion ; failing to observe
or constitute due proportion; inadequately or exces-
sively proportioned. Const. /o.
1555 Even Decades 189 His toonge. . very longe and thynne
and much disproportionate to his bodye. 1614 Seven 77tles
Hon. 135 Neither is this annointing much disproportionat
to that. 1722 Wottaston Relig. Nat. ix, 181 A long re-
pentance is a disproportionate price for a short enjoyment.
1862 H. Spencer /‘?rst Princ. u. iv. § 53 (1875) 176 Effects
extremely disproportionate to causes. 1867 Freeman Norm,
Cong. (1876) 1. iv. 246 Dwelling at an apparently dispropor-
tionate length on some subjects.
+Disproportionated, «. Ols. rare. [f.
prec. +-ED!.) =prec. Hence + Disproportion-
atedness = DISPROPORTIONATENESS,
1572 J. Jones Bathes of Bath, u. 100 The qualitie [of Bath
waters] especially disproportionated with as great a degree
of heat..cannot be induced but by. an especial heat. 1647
H. More Song of Soul Notes 391 No such vast excentricity
as there, nor disproportionatednesse of Orbs and motions.
1668 — Div. Dial. 1. 23 That thinner Element being dis-
proportionated to the Lungs of either Birds or Beasts.
Dispropo'rtionately, adv. [f. as prec. +
-Ly 2.) Ina manner or to an extent which is out
of pespartios, inadequate, or excessive.
1682 Sir T. Browne Chr. Mor. ii. 8 (T.) He. .dispropor-
tionately divideth his days. 1696 Wuiston 7h. Earth ww.
(1722) 294 Nothing should happen et unfitly,
disproportionately, 170§ Bosman Guinea 250 The Hea
disproportionately large. 1867 Froupe Short Stud., Criti-
cism & Gospel 161 Among the multitude the elements are
i, posite mixed,
ek ‘rtionateness. [f. as prec. +
-ness.} The quality of being out of proportion.
1668 H. More Div. Dial. u. xviii. (2733) 147 The Incon-
seofthem, 1819
ruity and Disproportionateness of the
Sieasinor in Lit, Rem. (1836) 11. 258 It would argue a dis-
proportionateness, a want of balance. 1874 Farrar Christ
x. 119 Every one must have been struck... with the apparent
disproportionateness between the cause and the effect.
spropo'rtioned, ///. a. [f. Disrroror-
TION ¥.+-ED; cf. F. disproportionné.| Made or
rendered out of proportion ; disproportionate.
31597 Hooker Ecc?, Pol, v. \xxviii. (1611) 424 It argueth a
disproportioned minde in them whom so decent orders dis-
please. 1610 Suaks. Jem. v. i. 290 He is as dispropor-
tion’d in his Manners As in his sha) 1699 Bentiey Pha.
533; 1787 T. JerrEeRrson Writ. (1859) IL. 199 The women
children are often employed in labors 2p oekeprae to
1851 Mayne Rein Scalp Hunt, xxviii,
I gazed at the huge dispro ioned heads,
+b. Inconsistent. Ods.
1604 SHAKS. Oth. 1. iii. 2 Duke. There's no composition in
their sex and age.
this Newes, iced ace them Credite. 1 Sev. Indeed, they
are disproportioned.
+ Dispro‘priate, v. Ols. [f. Dis- 6 +L. pro-
prium own, possession, property, after appropriate,
ceonsriaa| bem: To deprive of the ownership
(of something) ; to dispossess.
1613 Purcnas Bei Sages. 11. vii. 113 Who knoweth whether
those Appropriations did not .. bate vem them of that
which in a juster »roprietie was given t
?
vable (dispri#vab’l), hiv [f Disprove
v. + et
+1. Reprehensible, to be disapproved. Ods.
1548 Gest Pr. Masse, The third and last cause why
masse prayer is disprovable is by reason therin it is pra
{etc.]. 1579 Furxe Aefut, Rastel 709 We receive them, or
refuse them, as they gv pprouabl te disprouable by ‘the
saide..doctrine,
*
than probably disproveable by the sudden and irregular
Sree Meany Ret we aon
. R. Grec Enigmas of Life Pref. °
datum is suffered to r+ arly F
i (dispri#-val). rare. [f. DISPROVE +
-AL.] The act of disproving ; disproof.
1614 Jackson Creed m. uw. v. [vi.] § 1. 47
Ew is likely to resort for a disprouall of his relation.
orLey Voltaire (1886) 250 A direct disproval of the
alleged facts on which the system professes to rest.
Disprove (dispriv), v. Also 5 dis-,dyspreve,
7 disproove. /a. . disproved; also dis-
Whither no
| proven. [a. OF. desprove-r, -prouver, {. des-, L.
dis- + prover to Prove. Early variants were De-
PREVE, DEPROVE, q.v.
The OF, stressed-stem form desprueve, -preuve, gave the
variant dispreve, whence (on the analogy of strong verbs, as
weave, woven) the pa. pple. disproven.) :
1. trans. To prove (an assertion, claim, etc.)
to be false or erroneous; to show the fallacy or
non-validity of; to refute, rebut, invalidate.
¢1380 Wycur Sel. Wks, IL. 345 It is no nede to argue
her for to disprove pis foli. 1386 Xod/s of Parit. 111. 225/2
The which thyng .. by an even Juge to proved or dis-
proved. a1400 Pistill of Susan 294, 1 schal be proces apert
disproue pis a-pele, For nede. a 1450 Cov. Myst. (1851) 31
Their owyn pepyl han dysprevyd Al that I have for the sey:
or mevyd. 1594 Hooker Eccl. Pod. 1. vii. (1611) 72 Neither
doth. .the infirmity of men overthrow or disproue this.
Suaks. FuZ. C. m1. ii. 105, I speake not to disprooue what
Brutus = But heere I am ; to speake what I do know.
1796 Br. Watson Afol. Bible 346 A lesson which philosophy
never taught, which wit cannot ridicule, nor istry dis-
prove. 1814 Cuatmers Evid, Chr. Revel.ix. 251 There is a
mighty difference between not proven and disproven. 1856
Srantey Sinai & Pad. i. (1858) 53 No one can-now prove or
disprove the tradition. 1875 Jowett P/ato (ed. 2) IIL. 363
Nay, he replied, that is already disproven. 4
b. To prove to be non-existent or fictitious.
Se nad Life St. Kath, (1884) 29 How she dispreved hys
es. c144g0 Carcrave Life St. Kath. iv. 1576 Saturne,
firste whom ye soo dispreue.
2. To prove (a person) to be untrue or erroneous
in his statements; to convict (a person) of false-
hood or error; to refute, confute. Ods. or arch.
1589 Cocan Haven Health ccxiv. (1636) 227 Some perad-
venture will disprove mee by their owne experience. 1604
Suaxs. OFA, v. li. 172 Disproue this Villaine, if thou bee’st
aman: He sayes, thou told’st him that his wife was false.
16 — ee fas i T. 42 Ly —— *
palpably disproved. rryYPE Ann. Ref. 1. lii.
of these that did bie oan Dr. Calfhill, A two sermons
reached in the same cathedral, the lems 4 present to hear
imself disproved. 1749 Cuesterr. Lett. II. ccii. 267 Should
you. . happen to disprove me. : i
+3. To disallow authoritatively ; to disapprove,
Also zntr. with of. Obs.
1477 Norton Ord. Alch. vi. in Ashm. (1652) 100 That
other [Art] is disproved and plainely forebod. Fapyan
Chron, vil. 295 Let not the rudenesse of them hym lede
For to dysproue thys ryme dogerell, 1594 Hooker Eccl.
Pol. u, viii. (1611) 78 Men are only not disproued or dis-
allowed of God for them. 1628 Venner 7olacco (1650) 406,
I wonder why some disprove the taking of Tobacco after
meals. 1720 Wodrow Corr. (1843) IL. $39 ‘or my share, I dis-
prove the method of his licensing. 1824 Miss Ferrier /nher,
viii, They have seen other things either better or worse, and
can, therefore, either improve or disprove them,
Hence Disproved ///. a., Disproving, vé/. sb.
1587 Go.pinc De Mornay i. 10 This also was a disproou-
ing of the false Gods. 1598 Barrer Theor, Warres u. i.
25 Chaunging those disproued blacke Billes and Bowes
into good Muskets. 1639 Lp. Dicsy Lett. conc. Relig.
pay epee being so easie and naturall, Disproving
so dificult.
Disprove, obs. form of Disproor.
‘vement. vare. [f. Disprove v. +
-MENT.] The action or fact of disproving; a prov-
ing not to be true ; dis roof. :
1662 J. Cuannier Van Helmont’s Oriat. Pref. to Rar.,
‘They d his disp of what the other had said,
for a decision of the matter, 1886 Pop. Sci. Monthi
XXVIII. 695 The scientific discovery .. around which all
Mr. Lawes's subseq work d was the di
ment of Liebig's mineral-ash theory.
“ver, [f.as prec. + -ER1.] a, One who
disproves ; a refuter. +b, A disapprover (00s.).
1639 Wotton Dk. Buckhm. in Select. Harl. Misc. (793)
283 A concurrence of two extremes, within so short a time,
by most of the same di disp 1682 H.
More Annot, ey Lux O. 68 We may observe what
aw is of F
i “de, v. arch. [Dis- 6.] trans. To
fail to provide for; to leave unprovided. Hence
Disprovi'ded 1 fp. a., unprovided, unsupplied, un-
furnished (F, sara 5 toageh be ts wall
-B Sadlust’ rt e shulde not
eanordeemce mae then pb he hed vitail nough of his
owne prouyson. 1599 Sanpys Europe S, ec. (1632) 50
Papacie is not disprovided of his instruments to worke upon
these also. ax691 Boye Wks. VI. 40 (R.) An impatient
lutanist, who has his song book and his instrument ready,
but is ry ped disprovided of strings. 1864 YLE
Fredk. Gt. TV. 531 Much disprovi
Dispuile, dis e, obs. ff. DesPorL.
Dispulp (dispx'lp), v. tf Dis- 7 a+ Puxp sd.)
trans. To remove the pulp from.
1895 Black § White 6 A + 467/1 Dispulping coffee. \
a.
DISPULVERATE.
+B ‘Iverate, v. Obs. rare. [Dis- 5.]
trans. To dissolve into dust.
J. Davies Holy Roode (18: 6) +3 (D.) Confusion shall
dispulverate All that this round 6: iculer doth beare.
jpume, -ation, var. ff. DespuME, -aTIoN. So
Dispuma‘tious a@., characterized by despuma-
tion; foamy, frothy.
1819 H. Busk Vestriad u.85 The brawny Tritons .. In
dispumatious ranks, his progress wait.
+ Dispunct, a. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 4 + L.
punct-us pointed.] The reverse of punctilious ; im-
polite, discourteous,
1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. v. ii, Aso. V’faith, master,
let’s go.. Let’s be retrograde. Amo. Stay. That were
dispunct to the ladies. :
Dispunct (dispo'nkt), v. rare. [f. L. déspunct-
ppl. stem f. déspungére to prick or mark here and
there, in med.L. to erase (Du Cange), f. Dis- 1 +
pungére to mark, prick.) ¢vazs. To mark with
points or pricks of the pen; hence: a. To mark
for erasure or omission; b. To mark for distinc-
tion, to distinguish.
1563-87 Foxe A. § M. (1684) I. 798/1, I desire the Reder
then so to take me, as ihoaeh I did not deal here withal,
nor speak of the matter, but utterly to haue pretermitted,
and dispuncted the same. 1842 De Quincey Philos. Hero-
dotus Wks. 1X. 207 All beyond Carthage, as Mauritania,
etc... being dispuncted by no great states or colonies.
+ Dispuw'nction. Ods. rare. [n. of action from
L. dispungére: see prec.] The action of marking
off by points or pricks; erasure.
1637 Jackson Divers Sermons Wks. 1844 VI. 44. The
dispunction or inversion of points or letters. 1644 Sir E.
Derinc Prop. Sac*. Db, Another dispunction tells me..
that the very height of popery was the height of some
designers, wherefore else should this line be blotted out?
Dispunge (dispyndz), v. Also -sponge. [f.
dt-, Dis- 14 spunge, SPONGE v., or L. spongtare to
wipe away with a sponge, f. sfong?a sponge. In
sense there is evident association with ExpuNGE,
L, expungére ‘to prick out, strike out, erase’ (which
also appears in modern use to be influenced by
‘sponge’ and understood as ‘to wipe out’) ; but no
contact of sense appears with L.dispungére to check
off (debits and credits), balance (accounts), weigh,
try.
1. trans. To discharge or pour down as from a
squeezed sponge. arch. Hence Dispwnging vi/. sd.
1606 Suaxs. Ant. § CZ. 1v. ix. 12 Oh Soueraigne Mistris
of true Melancholly, The poysonous dampe of night dis-
ptnge vpon me. 1876 C. WELLS Foseph § His Brethren i.
v. 69 Mute and perpendicular Dispungings of the hollow-
bosom’d clouds Gutter the fruitful surface of the earth.
+ 2. To wipe out, blot out, delete, ExpuNGE. Ods.
1622 Srarrow Bk. Com, Prayer Pref., Quarrels .. about
dispunging some Names out of the Diptychs. a 1639 Sir
H. Wotton Hymn in Farr S. P. Fas. / (1848) 250 ‘Thou ..
that has dispong’d my score. 1662 STILLINGFL. Orig. Sacr.
uu. i, § 13 They are to be dispunged out of the Census of
such who act upon free principles of reason.
Dispunishable (dispynifab’l), a. Law. [a.
AF. dispunishable, f. Dis- 10 + punishable =F.
punissable.) Free from liability to punishment or
penalty ; not punishable.
{528 J. Perkins Profit. Bk, ix. $619 Ce wast € dispunish-
able [tr. 1642 This wast is dispunishable].] 1577 Sranyuurst
Descr. Trel. in Holinshed (1587) U1. 26/1 If this were in
anie dispunishable wise raked vp in the ashes .. some
other would inkindle the like fire afresh. 1594 Wesr
ond Pt. Symbol. § 61 Until attornement hee is dispunish-
able of wast. 1628 Coxe Ox Litt, 27 b, Tenant in tail after
passibility is dispunishable for waste. 1639 Of Nuisance
to private Houses 2x If water fall on my land, and I make
a Sluice, and let it out of my land into another mans}; this
is dispunishable, for every man may doe this one after
another. @1734 Nort Exam. u. v. § 24 (1740) 329 The
Person of the Sovereign is dispunishable and incoercible by
Force. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) 1V. 82 If.. long and
unreasonable leases are the chief cause of dilapidations ..
much more would they be so, if they were made dispunish-
able for waste. 1882 Lp. CoLeripcE in Fortn. Rev. Feb.
25 Seduction, which may be more wicked, is dispunish-
able.
+ Dispu'nished, #//. a. Law. Ods. rare.
[f Dis- 8 + PuNniIsHeD, rendering AF. despuni,
depuny (13-14th c.), f. F. des-, Dis- 4 + punt
punished.] Unpunished, free from punishment.
1630 in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1659) 1. App. 53 In some
cases, criminal offences shall be tegeolebek,
Dis le (dispd-1p’l), v. nonce-wd. [f. D1s-
72+ PuRPLE sb.] trans. To strip of the (imperial)
purple ; to deprive of sovereignty.
1877 Biackie IVise Men 347 ‘Tis fit we die with crowns
upon our head Nor beg our way dispurpled to the grave.
+ Dispu'rpose, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6 +
Purpose sb.] trans. To defeat of its purpose.
1607 Lingua v. i, in Hazl. Dodsiey 1X. 433 She .. seeing
her former plots dispurposed, sends me to an old witch.
+ Dispu'rse, v. Oés.
BURSE after PuRSE.] = D1IsBuRSE, DEPURSE.
1593 Suaks. 2 Hen, VJ, ut. i. 117 Many a Pound of mine
owne proper store... Haue I dis-pursed [o/. 4 disbursed]
to the Garrisons, And neuer ask’d for restitution. 1625-49 .5c.
Acts Chas. I (1814) VI. 9 (Jam.) The estaits declaires they
will sie the said John Kenneday .. repayit of quhat he sall
agrie for, dispurse, or give out for outreiking of the said
ship.
Vo. II.
[An alteration of Dis- .
» They of mountalban be dyspurueyd of mete. 1530 Pa
|
|
|
497
+ Dispurvey’, 2. Olds. Forms: 5 des-, dys-,
-porvey, 5-6 -pourvey, 5- dispurvey. [a. OF.
desporveeir, -porvetr, -porveer (12th c. in Littré),
f. des-, Dis- 4 + forveetr to'provide: see PuRvEY.]
trans. To rob or strip of provision ; to render
destitute. Chiefly in pa. pple. désperveyed ( = OF.
desporveti, mod.F. dépourvu), unprovided, destitute.
©1430 Lypc. Bochas 1. x. (1544) 21 b, Thei be caught dis-
urueyed of defence. 1481-4 E. Paston in Paston Lett.
o. 859 III. 280, I am not assartaynd how she is purveyde
of mony .. I woold not se her dysporveyd, yf 1 myght.
1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 69 Olyuer whyche was thus dys-
ourueyed of his hors. ¢ 1489 — Sonnes of Aymor xix. 418
GR.
521/2, I dispourvey, I unprovyde. 1583 Gotpinc Calvin
on Deus, xcii. 570 Wee shall be dispurv@ied and stript out
of all thinges. 1609 Hrywoop Brit. Troy vi. xc. 133 ‘They
dispuruey their vestry of such ‘Treasure As they may
spare.
Hence + Dispurvey’ed ///. a., unprovided, un-
prepared. (=OF. desporveii.)
14.. Lypc. & Burcu Secvecs 2417 Upon thy Enemy renne
not sodeynly, Ne dispurveyed. 1483 Caxton Gold. /eg.
tor b/r And he despourueyd, deth cometh whyche taketh
all frohym. 1484 — Czrtad/ 14 To be drowned by theyr dys-
pourueyed aduysement. 1494 Fanyan Chron, vit. 422 [He]
gatheryd hym an vnredy and dispurueyed_ hoost for the
warre, 1580 Baret A/v. D 919 Dispurueied of frends:
lacking frends, /nops ab anticis.
+ Dispurvey‘ance. (és. rare. [f. prec., after
PcrRvVEYANCE.] Want of provisions ; destitution.
1590 Spenser /. Q. 1. x. 10 Daily siege, through dispur-
vayance long And lacke of reskewes, will to parley drive.
Disputabi'lity. [f. next +-1ry.] The quality
or fact of being disputable; a disputable matter.
1853 Ruskin Stones Ven. UI. iv. § 3. 168 notet Their very
disputability proves the state. above alleged, 1892 W. W.
Peyron Mem. Fesus vii. 205 History is a vast disputability.
Disputable disspiztab’l, dispiz tab’), a. (sd.)
[ad. L. disputabzl’s that may be disputed, f. ds-
putareto Dispute. Cf. 16th c. F. dzsputadle.}
1. That may be disputed, questioned, or discussed ;
liable to be called in question, contested, or con-
troverted ; questionable.
1548 Hat Chron., Hen. IV (an. 11) 30 Which thyng is
nether materiall nor disputable. 1587 FLeminc Contn.
Holinshed \11. 1347/1 Vhisis a matter disputable in Schooles.
1638 Sir T. Herpert 7%av. (ed. 2) 333 Of Japan.. Whether
it bee an Ile or no, is disputable. 1658-9 Lurton's Diary
(1828) III. 114 It is disputable to me that all power is in
the people. 1724 Swirt Drapier’s Lett, Wks. 1755 V. 11.
38 Until any point is determined to be a law, it remains
disputable by every subject. 1853 J. H. Newman ///st.
Sk. (1873) IL. 1. iii. 125 Let us put aside theories and dis-
putable points. ; Ei ‘
+ 2. Ready or inclined to dispute ; disputatious.
“1600 SHaxs. A. ¥. LZ. ut. v. 36, I haue bin all this day to
auoid him: He is too disputeable for my companie.
+ B. as sd. A disputable matter. Ods.
1649 G. DanteL 7rinarch. The Author 7 The intricate
pussle of Disputables. 1660 Jer. Tavtor Duct. Dudit. 1.
lv, This discourse of all the disputables in the world.
Disputableness. [f. prec. + -nrss.] The
quality of being disputable.
1660 Fisher Rustich’s Alarm Wks. (1679) 279 Nothing
that savours of more than Dubiousness and Disputable-
ness it self. 1661 T. Puitirs Long Parlt. Rev. (R.),
The disputableness and unwarrantableness of their authority,
1685 H. More Paralip. Prophet. 42 Both. .acknowledge an
uncertainty and disputableness in some.. Kings Reigns.
Disputably, adv. [f. as prec.+-Ly2.] Ina
disputable manner or degree ; questionably.
1836 Lytron A ¢hens (1837) I. 279 Linus and Thamyris,
and, more disputably, Orpheus, are .. precursors of Homer.
+ Disputa‘city. ds. [irreg. f. Dispuratious,
as if disputactous: cf. pugnactous, pugnacity, and
see -ACITY.] = DISPUTATIOUSNESS. ,
1660 H. More JZyst. Godl. 472 Fruitlesse disputacity.
1672 Mede’s Wks., Life 18 Addicted to a disingenuous
humour of Disputacity. @1711 Ken Hymmnotheo Poet.
Wks. 1721 III. 337 But Disputacity the Mind confounds.
Disputant (disspiztaint), a. and sd. [a. L. dis-
putant-em, pr. pple. of disputare to DISPUTE: see
-ant.] A. adj. That disputes; disputing: engaged
in dispute or controversy.
1671 Mitton P. R. tv. 218 Thou.. there wast found
Among the gravest Rabbies, disputant On points and ques-
tions fitting Moses’ chair, 17x SHartess. Charac. Vv. ii.
(1737) III. 214 After the known way of Disputant Hostility.
1870 Pall Mall G. 5 Nov. x Time for disputant nations
to recover their calmness .. may possibly be secured.
B. sb. One who disputes or argues; esp. a public
debater or controversialist.
1612 DEKKER /¢ be not good Wks. 1873 III. 276 Hisse
babling fooles, But crowne the deepe-braind disputant.
¢1645 Howe, Lett. (1650) II. 16 A quick and pressing
disputant in logic and philosophy. 1791 Boswe.t Yohnson
an. 1763 (1831) I. 421 [Goldsmith]..was enabled to pursue his
travels..partly by demanding at the Universities to enter
the lists asa disputant. 1840 Mitt Diss. § Disc. (1875) I.
408 Disputants are rarely. . good judges.
Disputation (dispivtzi fon). Also 4 -acioun,
4-6 -acion, -atioun, 5-6 dys-. [ad. L. disputa-
tion-em, n. of action from azsputare to DISPUTE;
perh. immed. a. F. désputation (15th c. in Littré).
The earlier word was Disputisoun, of which ds-
putation may be viewed as a refashioning after
the L. original.]
DISPUTATIVENESS.
1. The action of disputing or debating (questions,
etc.) ; controversial argument ; debate, discussion,
controversy.
c1450 Merlin 139 So indured longe the disputacion be-
twene hemtweyne. 1489 Barbour’s Brzce 1. 250 Than mayss
clerkis questioun, Quhen thai fall in disputacyoun. [7%e
original of 1375 had prob. disputisoun.] 1§26 Pilgr. Pers.
(W. de W. 1531) 38 b, Let vs leue this disputacyon and
reasonynge. 156 I’. Norton Calvin's Inst. 1. 30 For one
litle wordes sake, they wer so whote in disputation, 1663
Butter Hud. 1. 1. 77 Tied run in Debt by Disputation, And
pay with Ratiocination, 1758 Jounson /d/erx No. 19 ® 3 In
the heat of disputation. 1880 MeCartuy Ow Times 1V.
Ixiii. 427 He had a keen relish for theological disputation.
b. with @ and f/. A discussion, a dispute.
1587 N. T. (Rhem.) Row. xiv. 1 Him that is weake in the
fayth, take vnto you, but not to enter into doubtful dispu-
tations of controuersies. 1570 Der AZath, Pref. 25, 1 was
.. by certaine earnest disputations .. therto so prouoked.
1852 RoseRTSON Sev. Ser. iv. xix. (1876) 246 The church
was filled with disputations. 1858 J. Martineau S?zad.
Chr. 208 With one of these..to hold a disputation.
@. spec. An exercise in which parties formally
sustain, attack, and defend a question or thesis, as
in the medizeval schools and universities.
1gsr ‘I. Witson Logike (1567) 61a, That is called a dispu-
tacion or reasonyng of matters, when certaine persones
debate a cause together, and one taketh part contrary
vnto an other, 1612 Brinstey Lad. Lit. 281 [They] haue
a disputation for the victorship once euery quarter of the
yeare. 1726 Amuerst Zev /’il. xx. 103 Academical dis-
putations are two-fold, ordinary and extraordinary 3; ..extra-
ordinary disputations I call those which are perform’d in
the public’schools of the university, as requisite qualifications
for degrees. 1838 Prescorr Ferd. & /s. (1846) I. vill. 344
To visit the academ where they mingled in disputation.
1870 Jevons Elent. Logic xviii. (1890) 152 In former centuries
it was, indeed, the pra e for all students at the Univer-
sities to take part in public disputations, during which
elaborate syllogistic arguments were put forward by one
side and confuted by precise syllogisms on the other side.
attrib. 1760 Gotpsm. Cit. W. Ixvili. » 10, I have. .drawn
up a disputation challenge. .to this effect.
+2. Written discussion or treatment ofa question;
a dissertation. Ods.
@ 1533 Fritx (¢/¢/e), A Disputacion of Purgatorye; divided
into thre bokes. 1615 Crooke Body of Alan 45 ‘This dis-
putation concerning the number of the principall parts.
_ +38. Doubtful or disputable condition; doubt. Ods.
1549 ALLEN Jude's Par. Rev. 34 Let vs content .. oure
selfes with this, in this doubte and dysputacyon, 1689
Prot. Garland 2 For without all Disputation, I shall never
trouble you.
+4. Interchange of ideas; discourse, conversa-
tion. Ods. (A doubtful sense.)
1596 SHaxs. x /fen. 7V, in. i. 206, I vnderstand thy
Kisses, and thou mine, And tha a feeling disputation.
1599 — //en. I, ut. ii. ror Captaine Mackmorrice .. will
you voutsafe me, looke you, a few disputations with you.
Disputatious (dispivtéifas},a. Also 7-8
-acious., [f. prec.: see -ouS.] Characterized by,
or given to, disputation; inclined to dispute or
wrangle; contentious.
1660 H. More Mis?, God?. 69,1 shall remit the disputa-
cious to the mercy of Seine tivces 1768-74 ‘TUCKER
Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 61 In this divided disputatious world one
must not expect to travel any road long without a check.
1818 Scott Nob Roy xii, The wine rendered me loquacious,
disputatious, and quarrelsome. 1848 Mrs. JAMESON Sacr,
§ Leg. Art (1850) 115 ‘Those were disputatious days.
Disputa‘tiously, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly*.]
In a disputatious manner; contentiously.
1864 in Wesster. 1871 Daily News 18 Aug,, [In railway
accidents] injuries..may be disputatiously litigated.
Disputa‘tiousness. [f. as prec. + -NESS ]
The quality of being disputatious. ;
1681 I’hole Duty Nations 3 A scrupulosity, and Dispu-
tatiousness about Externals and Forms in Religion. 1796
Lame Le?z, (1888) I. 41 But enough of this spirit of dispu-
tatiousness. 1888 Bryce Amer. Comsnv. 1. 360 The inherent
disputatiousness and perversity .. of bodies of men.
Disputative (dispivtativ), a. [a. late L. as-
putativ-us (Cassiodorus), f. désputat-, ppl. stem of
disputdre to DISPUTE: see -ATIVE.]
1. Characterized by or given to disputation ; dis-
putatious.
1579 G. Harvey Le/ter-bk. (Camden) 72 The disputative
appetite of Doctor Busbye. 1630 B. Jonson New Jun m1. ii,
Thou hast a doctor's look, A face disputative, of Salamanca.
1787 Map. D’Arstay Diary 6 Mar., I told him I was in no
disputative humour. 1788 777/ler No. 23. 303 The cavils
of the disputative. 1890 Miss S. J. Duncan Soc. Departure
57 The critic. .most disputative of its positions.
+2. That is the subject of disputation or dispute ;
controversial ; controverted. Ods.
1581 Sipney Aol. Poetrie (Arb.) 31 The Phylosopher ..
teacheth a disputatiue vertue. 1589 NasHE Pref. to Greene's
Menaphon Arb.) 14, I had rather referre it, as a disputatiue
pleato Diuines. 1708 LutrrEt Brief Rel. (1857) VI.270[ He]
reported the method of ballotting in disputative elections.
3. Of or pertaining to disputation.
1664 H. More Adyst. /nig. Apol. 547 Which Knowledge
of the Lord .. is not certainly any Disputative Subtilty or
curious Decision. 1873 Burton Hist. Scot. VI. Ixxii. 278
The oddest of all their disputative exhibitions.
Hence Dispu'tatively adv., in a disputative or
contentious manner, disputatiously; Dispu‘tative-
ness, the quality of being disputatious.
1588 J. Harvey Disc. Probl. 7, 1..onely assay problemati-
cally, and as our schoolemen tearme it, disputatiuely, what
may therin appeere most probable. 1836 G. S. Faser Pritt
63
DISPUTATOR.
Doctr, Election (849) 224 Disputativeness. 1842— Provinc.
Lett. (1844) I. 203 In such a case of dogged disputative-
ness. 1860 Reave Cloister §& H. 11. 316 ‘ There, now’, said
Catherine, disputatively.
Disputator. rare. [a. L. disputator, agent-
noun f. disputare.] A disputer, a disputant.
1637 Gittesrie Lng. Pop. Cerem. m. viii. 179 No man in
the Councell ought to have a judiciarie voice, unlesse he
bee withall a Disputator. . 1845 S. Austin Ranke's Hist.
Ref. I. 447 How different a disputator was Johann Eck!
Dis pute (dispizt),v. Forms: 3-6 despute,
4 despuite, despout, dispite, 4-5 dispoyte, dis-
puit(e, 4-6 dyspute, 6 dysspote, 4- dispute.
ME. des-, dispute, a. OF. despute-r (12th ¢. in
ittré), mod.F. d#sputer (=Pr. desputar, Sp. dis-
putar, It. disputare), ad. L. disputare to compute,
estimate, investigate, treat of, discuss, in Vulg. to
dispute, contend in words; f. Dis- 1 + putdre to
compute, reckon, consider.]
I. intransitive.
1. To contend with opposing arguments or asser-
tions ; to debate or discourse argumentatively ; to
discuss, argue, hold disputation ; often, to debate
in a vehement manner or with altercation about
something.
a 1225 [See DisputinG v7. sd.).
crago S. Eng. Leg. 1. 94/72 For-to desputi a-3ein a 30ng
womman. _¢1374 Cuaucer Boeth. vy. metr. iv. 166 Pe
porche .. of pe toune of athenis ber as philosophres hadde
hir congregacioun to dispoyten. c1400 Afol. Loll. Introd.
15 As if two persones dispitiden to gidre. 155: TV. Witson
Logike GeNaa. note, Fower questions necessarie to bee
made of any matter, before we despute. 1588 SHaks. 1. 1...
v. i. 69 Thou disputes like an Infant: goe whip thy Gigge.
1660 Jer. Taytor I orthy Commun. Introd. 1o My purpose
is not to dispute but to persuade. 1766 Forpyce Sera.
Yung. Wom, (1767) II. xi. 158 .Be it your ambition to prac-
tise, not to dispute. 1845 5. Austin Aanke's /ist. Ref. 1.
445 He .. took long journeys,—for example, to Vienna and
3ologna,—expressly to dispute there.
b. Const. adout, + against, + of, on, upon a sub-
ject ; wth, against an opponent.
a 1280 [See Disrutine 76/. sb.]. c 1290 [See above.]
a 1300 Cursor AM. 8970 (Cott.) Quen pat pis sibele and
pe kyng Disputed had o mani thing. c1300 /d/d. 1973
(Edin.) Paul... faste disputid wip be griues. c 1305 Fe.
mund Conf. 255 in E. FE. P. (1862) 77 As pis holi man
in diuinite Desputede, as hit was his wone, of pe trinite.
ax42z0 Hoccreve De Reg. Princ. 379 Of our feithe wole
I not dispute at alle. 1539 Bist (Great) Acts ix. 29 He
spake and disputed agaynst the Grekes. 1597 Suaxs. Hove.
& Ful. 1. iii. 63 (Qo. 1) Let me dispute with thee of thy
estate. 1604 — O¢A. 1. ii. 75 Ile haue't disputed on. 1631
Star Chamb, Cases(Camden) 58 My Lord Keeper tould him
it was noe tyme to dispute with the sentence, but to obey.
1648 Symmons Vind. Chas. /,7 A Bill was proferred and
disputed upon concerning a Fleet. 1655 Stantey ///st.
Philos, wu. (1701) 77/1 Whosoever disputed with him of what
subject soever. 1775 JoHnson Let. to Mrs. Thrale 20 May,
I dined in a large company .. yesterday, and disputed
against toleration with one Doctor Meyer. 1847 Emerson
Repr. Men, Napoleon Wks. (Bohn) 1. 378 The Emperor told
Josephine that he disputed like a devil qgthese two points.
+2. To contend otherwise than With arguments
(e.g. with arms) ; to strive, struggle. Ods.
1659 B. Harris Parival’s /ron Age 131 He lost yet three
Regiments more; whereby he was taught... that he must
dispute lustily, to get any advantage upon him. 1828 Scorr
FM. Perth xxix, Simon felt a momentary terror, lest he
should have to dispute for his life with the youth,
II. transitive.
3. To discuss, debate, or argue (a question).
a. with sudord. cl.
(Originally zutrans., the clause being a kind of cognate
object, specifying the matter in dispute (cf. ‘I dreamed that
I saw’, etc.); but at length ¢vans., and so passive in quots.
1736, 1850.)
1340 Ayendh. 79 Pe yealde filozofes pet zuo byzylyche des-
putede and zo3ten huet wes pe hezeste guod ine pise lyue.
1382 Wycur Mark ix. 34 Thei disputiden among hem in
the weie, who of hem schulde be more. STARKEY
England 1. ii. 54 To dyspute wych of thys rulys ys best..
me semyth superfluouse. t Ray Creation 1. trea) 70,
1 will not dispute what Gravity is. 1736 Butter Amad. 1,
i. Wks. 1874 I. 155 It may possibly be disputed, how far
miracles can prove natural Religion. 1833 Ht, MArtinrau
Briery Creek iv. 86 How long will the two parties go on dis-
puting whether luxury bea virtue or acrime? 1850 MeCosn
Div. Govt. uu. i. (1874) 331 It has often been disputed whether
virtue has its seat among the faculties or the feelings.
b. with simple object (orig. representing or
equivalent to a clause).
1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 775 He sayde to
her..that he would no more dispute the matter. 1526-34
Tinvace Mark ix. 33 What was it that ye ong Fae bytwene
you by the waral 1568 Grarton Chron. II. 553 Many
doubts were moved and disputed. 1611 Suaks. Wint, 7. 1.
iv. 411 Can he speake? heare ? Know man from man? Dis-
pute his owne estate? Mitton /’. ZL. v. 822 Shalt thou
* dispute With him the points of libertie, who made Thee
what thou art? 1820 Scorr Addot xxxvii, We may disp
498
a. To call in question or contest the validity or
accuracy of a statement, etc., or the existence of a
thing. The opposite of 4o maintain or defend.
1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) 11. 811 Sith he is nowe
king..I purpose not to dispute his title. 1651 Honses
Leviath, u. xxix. 168 Men are disposed to. . dispute the com-
mands of the Commonwealth. 1701 De For 7rne-born
Eng. Pref., As to Vices, who can dispute our Int
DISQUALIFICATION.
1608 Hieron Defence 1. 165 Thus..am I come to an
end of this dispute. 1655 Stantey //ist, Philos. m. {2701}
120/1 He was the first that committed the disputes
Socrates his Master to writing. 1678 Cupwortn /nfedi,
Syst. 1. i. § 22. 21 His I and Disp i
the Immortality of the Soul. 172g tr. Dupin's Eect. Hist.
17thC. I. v. 65 The Name also of Di: was given to
Sermons. 1831 Brewster , Newton (1852) IL. xv. 62 Trying
p ?
1770 Funius Lett. xxxvii. 182 The truth of these declara-
tions .. cannot decenily be disputed. x
Selkirk i, 1am monarch of all I survey,
none to dispute. J.S. Mitt in Westm, Rev. 1. 535
No one .. will dispute to Johnson the title of an admirer of
Shakspeare. 1885 Fox in Law Rep. 15 Q. Bench Div. 173
A bill of sale .. the validity of which is disputed by a
trustee. .
‘b. To controgert (a person).
1658-9 Burton's Diary (1828) 111. 114 To dispute him
here, is to question foundations. 1H. More Death's
Vis. viii. note 32 (1713) 33 He would Dispute the Devil upon
that Question. 1845 ~ W. Corr Puritanism 280 Belknap
could dispute Hutchinson about the quarrelsomeness of the
Puritans in Holland.
6. To encounter, oppose, contest, strive against,
resist (an action, etc.).
1605 Suaks. Afach. ww. iii. 219 Dispute it like a man. 1720
Independent Whig (1728) No. 36. 320 [He] shall find no
Mercy, if he disputes to bend to their Usurpations. 17.
Col. Rec. Pennsyl. 1V. 251 Threatening to shoot the
said Lowdon if he disputed doing what was required of him.
1748 Anson's Voy. i. xii. 265 They..seemed resolved to dis-
pute his landing. 1884 L'paol Mercury 3 Mar. 5/2 The
Soudanese..chose Teb..as the ground upon which to dispute
the advance of the British troops on Tokar.
7. To contend or compete for the possession of ;
to contest a prize, victory, etc.
1654 Lp. Orrery Parthen. (1676) 575 If Parthenissa had
been a spectator, she must have confest her self too well dis-
puted. 1705 Bosman Guinea 14 The English. .several times
disputed the Ground with the Brandenburghers. 1734 tr.
Rollin's Anc, Hist. (1827) 1, Pref. 41 The poets disputed
the prize of poetry. 1761 Hume //ist, Eng. II. Ixi. 328
‘The Pattle of Warsaw. .had been obstinately disputed during
the space of three days. 1871 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876)
IV. xvii. 47 We..wonder..that every inch of ground was
not disputed in arms, 3 :
pe d 8. To move or influence by disputation; to
argue zito or out of something.
{Immediately from the intrans. sense 1; cf. ‘to talk any
one into’ or ‘out of’.]
fs Jer. Taytor Lid. Proph. Ep. Ded. 3 It would not be
very hard to dispute such men into mercies and compliances.
1652 NeEDHAM Se/den's Mare Cl. Ep. Ded. 5 ‘To assert his
own Interest and dispute them into a reasonable submission.
1695 Preserv. Protest. Relig. Motive of Revolution 12 The
Roman Catholics would have disputed us out of our Re-
ligion. a1732 Atrersury Lxke xvi. 31 (Seager) One reason
why a man is capable of being disputed out of the truth.
Dispute dispi7t), sd. [f the vb.; =F. dispute,
It., Sp., Pg. d7sputa.]
1. The act of disputing or arguing against ; active
verbal contention, controversy, debate.
(In first quot. almost certainly the verb. infin.
[1300 Career M. 20793 (Cott.) Disput, he [St. Jerome]
sais, es na mister.] 1638 Sir T. Herwert 7raz. (ed. 2) 74
Without more fare wate or delay [he] commands them all to
execution. 1655 Stantry //ist, Philos. 1. (1701) 91/2 He
was visited by his Friend, with whom he past the time in dis-
ute after his usual manner. a 534 Wes ey Princ. Methodist 8
That once was in the Heat of Dispute. 1856 Froupe ///s?.
Eng. (1858) 1. i. 14 It is ac matter of di whether
landed estates should be large or small. x owetT /’"lato
(ed. 2) IV. 31 We may make a few admissions which will
narrow the field of dispute.
b. Phr. Jz dispute: that is disputed, debated,
in controversy. Leyond, out of, past, without dis-
pute: past controversy, unquestionably, indis-
putably.
1659 B. Harris Parival s Jron Age 232 The Kingdom of
Bohemiawas. .put out of dispute with Silesia, Moravia.
1682 Drypen MacFlecknoe 5 Flecknoe..In prose and verse
was owned without saps “hrough all the realms of Non-
sense absolute. 1698 Fryer Acc. £, /ndia § P. 405 A thing
beyond dispute. 1704 Locke (J.), To bring as a proof an
hypothesis which is the very thing in dispute. 1745 P.
Homas FYrni. Anson's Voy. 152 We, who could without
Dispute sail much better. 1781 Cowrer 7yuth 106 Which
is the saintlier worthy of the two? ‘ Past all dispute, yon
anchorite’, say you. 1818 Jas, Mitt Brit. /ndia 11, w. vii.
263 The .. necessity of such a fund ..was pronounced to be
without dispute. 182g Macautay Zss., Milton (1854) 1.17/1
To call a free parliament and to submit to its decision all
the matters in dispute.
2. An occasion or instance of the same; an argu-
mentative contention or debate, a controversy; also,
in weakened -seuse, a difference of opinion; freq.
with the added notion of vehemence, a heated con-
tention, a quarrel.
1611 Corcr., Dispute, a dispute, difference, debate, alter-
cation, 1638 Prynnr Arie/e Xelat. 19 If I may be d
to engage him in philoso
Ppeonliags 5 + nee logical aygaset Ole. rare. Rat
=e 1 ooxer Lecl. Pol. ui. xi. § 1o These are but weake
y right there is feeble disp for the i re of that conclusion.
Jbid. m1. xi. § 18, I might have added .. their more familiar
and popular disputes.
T 3° Strife, contest ; a fight or struggle. Ods.
1647-8 CorrrreL. Davila's Hist. Fr. (1678) 25 Ep d were
taken prisoners without much dispute. B. Harris
Parival’s Iron Age 282 After four houres dispute, the Dutch
endeavoured to get away. 1667 Mitton ?. ZL, vi. 123 He
who in debate of Truth hath won, Should win in Arms, in
disputes alike Victor. 1709 Lond.Gaz. No. 4540/5 The Bristol
had a very warm Dispute with the af 2 Ships of the
Enemy. a 1745 Swirr Stephen in Lett. (1768) IV. 297 The
Scots..were. .after a sharp disp entirely defe
4. attrib., as dispute benefit, pay, pay to members
of a trades’ union while on strike or locked out.”
1892 Star 1 Mar. 3/3 They have been receiving dispute
pay from their union, 1895 Daily News 19 Ang. 5/2 Three-
quarters of a million on dispute ts, half a million on
| out-of-work benefits.
Disputed (dispitéd), pp/. a. [f. prec. vb. +
-ED!,] That is made the subject of dispute, debate,
or contention ; debated, contested.
1611 Corcr., Disputé, disputed, debated. 1703 Rowe
Ulyss.u. i. 928 The dispu Field at last is ours. 1719
De For Crusoe (1840) I. xv. 264 Disputed points in relig
1807 Scorr Kam. Let. 15 May (1894) I> iii. 74 The tempest
of disputed election was raging in every town. .through
which I . 855 Macautay //ist. Eng. 1V. 127 All
along the line .. there was long a disputed territory.
tT; wiry crren’ a. Obs. rare. [f. Dispute sb.
+ -FUL.] Given to disputing ; disputatious.
1631 R. H. Arvaignm. Whole Creature x. § 3. 87 A doubt-
full Didimist in this poinct, or a disputefull Scepticke.
i ‘teless, a. rare—°. [f. DISPUTE + LEss.]
1730-6 Baitey (folio), Disputeless, without or free from
dispute; also not apt to disp 1758 Jon , Dispute-
Zess, undisputed, uncontrovertible. Hence in later Dicts.
Disputer (dispivter). Also 5 -ar, 5-6 dys-.
[f. Dispure v.+-ER1!.] One who disputes ; one
| who is given to disputation or controversy; a dis-
putant.
: 1434 Misyn Mending of Life 121 Hard sentens to disputars
.. be left. 1529 Sufplic. to King 23 The.. teachinge of
suche scole men & aus disputers. 1; Biste (Great)
1 Cor. i. 20 Where is the disputer of this worlde? 1643
Mitton Divorce 1. iii. (1851) 70 In this controversie the
justice of God stood upright ev’n ng heathen disp
1725 Watts Logic u. iii. § 3 (6) Your t disputers and
your men of controversy are in continual danger of this sort
of prejudice. eg, Penge Plato (ed, 2) I. 468 Great dis-
puters .. come to think .. that they have grown to be the
wisest of mankind, re
ting —- , vil. sb. [f. as prec, +
-inG!.] The action of the vb, DispuTe in various
senses ; disputation ; debate ; controversy.
a 1225 Leg. Kath, 561 Ah 3et me punched betere pt ha beo
ear ouercumen Wid hay sone arago Owl & Night. 875
3if thu gest her-of to a bet thane thu
singe. 1526-34 T'inpace Acts xv. 2 Ther was rysen dissencion
a disputinge. 1548 Hatt Chron. Hen. 8 go b,
ER.
Sober in communicacion in disputyng.
Tavior Gt. Exemp. Ep. Ded. § Such is the nature of dis.
ti that t begin commonly in mistakes. 1881 Mrs,
une Childe. ley 111 Hills oar rocks stand now as then,
regardless of the disputings of East and West.
Disputing a, [f. as . + -ING 2.)
That disputes os to dispute, dheptestions
1645 Mitton 7etrach, (1851) 159 Man Gaputing Theo,
logians. 1691 Hartcuirre Virtues 333 The losophy of
the Disputing Greeks, 1762 Gotpsm. Cit, W. cxi. P 7 The
stake, fagot, and the disputing doctor in some measure
ennoble the opinions they are brought to oppose,
+ Dispu'tisoun. O/s. Forms: 3 desputisun,
4 -isoun, -eson, despitusoun, -esoun, disputi-
so(u)n, -isun, -eso(u)n, -pitesoun, -peticioun,
5 -petison. [a. OF. desputeisun, -on, -atsun,
-esun, -tson, -isson, disp-, early ad. L. disputation-
em, with prefix and suffix conformed to their popular
types: see -aTion, and cf. oreisun, On1son. The
regular ME. type, but superseded in 15th c. by the
latinized DisPuTation, q.v. mene %
S. Eng. Leg. 1. da re was i-nome
Pritine «bh Sireens beste rs 1300 Cursor M.1 sca
A ge bd aap a peer we oR. Epes C (atiao)
n,
wo Fs wugned gobs eahen, su Wee Raa ae e2 Es
a faire dispute, on faire termes .. [ will maintaine .. the
it upon the road. F
+4. To maintain, uphold, or defend (an assertion,
cause, etc.) by argument or disputation; to argue
or contend (that something is so). ? Ods.
1610 Br, CarLeton Yurisd. Pref, 1 haue disputed the
— right with a good conscience, from the rules of Gods
word. 1668 Cutrerrer & Cote Barthol. Anat, 1. i. 3 The
vapor growing into the like nature ,. as Casserus rightly
disputes. 1713 Swirt Cadenus § Vanessa po: ong
she offer'd to p att Alone distinguish’d man from brute,
5, To argue against, contest, controvert.
ge ag: all the Prelates. 1696 tr. Du Mont’s Voy.
Levant 17 Being engag’d in a pretty warm di i
some Officers. 1776 7rial of Nundocomar 96/1 was
a dispute between Bollakey Doss’s widow and Pudmohun
Doss. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. “| V. 310 Disputes arose
between [them] respecting the validity of this will. 1855
Macautay Hist. Eng. IIL. xvii, Di gender disp
Mod. The dispute in the trade will, it is hoped, be settled
without a strike. 4
+b. An oral or written discussion of a subject in
which arguments for and against are set forth and
examined. Ods.
dmi re Pp — — Rom. pS 1 Take 3¢ a syk =
n bileue, not in deceptaciouns [ géoss, or iciouns
of thou3tis. ¢ 1386 Cues Merch. 7.230 As al on Ge
te with | altercacioun Bitwixen freendes in disputisoun (4/5. Har.
disp , 4 ASS. disp }. ae Loxeuicn Grail
xlv. 730 Tyl it happed vppon a day t theke dispetison
3¢ comen & say.
4 dispytie, obs. ff. Despisr, Despite.
ualification (diskwo:lifiké!-fon). [n, of
action from DisQUuALIFY ; see -ATION.
1. The action of disqualifying or depriving of re-
quisite qualifications ; spec. legal incapac ;
also, the fact or condition of being disqualified.
DISQUALIFY.
1770 Burke Pres. Discont.(R.), The fault of overstraining
popular Csr and. .asserting rope privileges, has led
to disqualification. 1789 Coustit. U.S. 1. § 3 Removal from
office, and sar cpeerrgo to hold any office. 1878 Lecxy
Eng. in 18th C. 1. vii. 405 Another deep line of disquali-
fication was introduced into Irish life.
2. That which disqualifies or prevents from being
gualified ; a ground or cause of incapacitation.
1711-14 Spectator (J.), It is recorded as a sufficient dis-
qualification of a wife, that, speaking of her husband, she
said, God forgive him. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick. xviii,
I hope you don’t think good looks a disqualification for the
business. 1870 Emerson Soc. § Solit, Wks. (Bohn) III. 5
In society, high advantages are set down to the individual
as disqualifications.
Disq (diskwo'lifei), v. [f. Dis- 6 +
Quatiry. - Cf. mod.F. dégualifier.] trans. To
deprive of the qualifications required for some pur-
pose ; to render unqualified ; to unfit, disable.
1733 [see Disquatiryinc]. 1733 Swirr On Poetry, A
Rhapsody 41 Disqualify'’d by fate To rise in church, or
law, or state. 1736 — Let. 22 Apr. Wks. 1814 XIX. 24 My
common illness 1s of that kind which utterly disqualifies me
for all conversation; I mean my deafness. [Cf. ib. 143
(1737) A long fit of deafness hath unqualified me for con-
versing.] 1753 Hanway 7 rav. (1762) I. vit. xci. 416 Nor do
their colder regions disqualify them for friendship. 1837
J. H. Newman Prophet. Of: Ch. 180 What force preposses-
sions have in disqualifying us from searching Scripture
dispassionately for ourselves. 1880 L. SrepHen /ofe iv.
zog Strong passions and keen sensibilities may easily dis-
qualify a man for domestic tranquility.
b. spec. To deprive of legal capacity, power, or
right ; to incapacitate legally ; to pronounce un-
qualified ; = DISABLE v. 2.
1732 Swirt Sacr. Test Wks. 1778 IV. 290 The church of
England is the only body of Christians which in effect dis-
ualifies those, who are employed to preach its doctrine, from
sharing in the civil power, farther than as senators. 1741
Miuppteton Cicero I. vi. 550 Disqualifying all future Consuls
and Preetors, from holding any province, till five years after
the expiration of their Magistracies. 1838 THirLWALt Greece
III. xxiv. 333 His youth did not disqualify him for taking
part in the public counsels, as it did for military command.
1884 GLADSTONE in Standard 29 Feb. 2/6 Persons having
such joint ownership. .ought not to’be disqualified.
ec. refl.and zxtr. To represent or profess oneself
to be disqualified ; to deny or disparage one’s own
qualifications.
1754 RicHARDSON Grandison (1781) II, xxxi. 290 Dis-
qualify now ; can’t you, my dear? Tell fibs..Say you are
not a fine girl. RR on: Hume Hist. Eng. 11. xliii. 479 It is
usual for the Speaker to disqualify himself for the office.
Hence Disqualified /A/. a.
1718 Freethinker No. 69 ® to In favour of the disqualified
Gentlemen. 1726 Aytirre Parergon 116 Unworthy and
disqualified Persons.
“esp. ander ove ipl. a. [f. prec. + -1NG 2.]
That disqualifies; incapacitating, disabling ; self-
depreciating.
1723 ArsutHnot in Szi/t’s Lett. (1766) 11. 31 Lord Whit-
worth, our Peeoumisry, had this disease, (which .. is a
little disqualifying for that employment). 1754 RicHarDsON
Grandison (1781) I. v. 23, I love not to make disqualifying
speeches; by such we seem to intimate that we believe the
complimenter to be in earnest. 1891 Athenwum 26 Dec.
874/2 The enforced retirement .. of many public servants
when they have attained the disqualifying age.
Disquarlity. nonce-wd. [D1s- 9.] Defect.
1863 Lp. Lennox Biog. Remtin. 1. 7 The latter quality,
or, strictly speaking, disquality, rendering him a fair subject
for a hoax.
Disquamation, obs. f. DEsquAMATION. So
Disquama;tor (see quot.).
° 2 Buiount Glossogr., Disguamation, a scaling of fish,
a taking off the shell or bark. 1674 Jdid. (ed. 4), Disgua-
mator, a Chyrurgéon’s or Apothecaries Instrument, to take
off the scum, rind or bark of any thing.
Disquantity (diskworntiti), v. [f Dis- 7a
+ QUANTITY 50.
1. trans. To lessen in quantity ; to diminish.
1605 Suaks, Lear 1, iv. 270 Be then desir’d By her. . A little
todisquantity your Traine. 1633 T. Apams £xf. 2 Peter iii.
9 [God] disquantitied his [Gideon’s] forces from thirty-two
thousand to three hundred.
2. To deprive of metrical quantity.
1866 LoweLt Swindurne’s Trag. Prose Wks. 1890 II. 130
The Earl of Orford .. used to have Statius read aloud to
him every night for two hours by a tipsy tradesman .. and
found some strange mystery of sweetness in the disquantitied
syllables.
+ Disqua‘re, v. Obs. rare. [f. di- for Dis- 6
+ SQUARE v.] ¢vans. To put out of square, to
place awry. Hence} Disqua‘ring wd/. sd.
1604 T. Wricut Passions 1. iii. gt If there be but one
eye. .out of square. .the first thing almost we marke, is the
i fon or di ing of that part.
f, Dis- 6 or
+ Disqua‘rter, v.' Obs. rare.
7¢+QUARTER.] 2¢r. To leave one’s quarters.
Eart Mono. tr. Bentivoglio’s Warrs of Flanders 65
In their quartering and disquartering, and particularly upon
occasion of forrage, there happened almost continually some
skirmishes between the soldiers of the two Armies.
+ Disqua'rter, v.2 Obs. raze. [irreg. f. Dis-
I, in twain (or Gr. dis twice) + QUARTER v.]
trans. To halve or divide the quarters of.
1632 Quarts Div. Fancies 111. \xxviii. (1660) 132 If then,
at most, the measur’d life of Man Be counted but a span,
Being half’d, and quarter’d, and disquarter’d thus, What,
what remains for us?
499
+ Disqua‘tte, v. Ods. Pa.t.& pple. disquatt.
[f. d-, Dis- 1 + sguatté-n, Squat v., to crush, break
(cf. To-SQUATTE in same sense): perh. AF. had
desquater, -ir, for OF. esguater, -eir, -ir to
break.] ¢vans. To break asunder, smash ; to violate
(a truce).
¢1380 Wycuir Serv. Sel. Wks. I. 246 A woman shal dis-
quatte his heed. 1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxvi. 233
‘The whiche trewes he falsely and vntrewely by cauellacions
losed and dysquatte. /é¢d. ccxxix. 240 Thurugh lettyng
of the pope and of the court of rome the forsayd couenaunts
were disquatt and left of.
Disqueat v.: sce next.
Disquiet (diskwaiét), v. [f. Dis- 6 + Quier
v.] trans. To deprive of quietness, peace, or rest,
bodily or mental; to trouble, disturb, alarm; to
make uneasy or restless.
1530 Patscr. 521/2, I disquyet, I trouble one of his rest,
Je inguiete.. He disquyeteth me horrybly a nyghtes with his
revell. 1535 CoveRDALE /’s, xxxviil. 5 Yee every man.,
disquieteth himself in vayne. 1555 EpEN Decades 95 After
that the sea hathe byn disquyeted with vehemente tem-
pestes. 1586 Warner Add, Eny. 1. v. (1612) 18 Amidst their
cheere, the solemne feast the Centaures did disqueat. 1693
Mem. Cut. Teckely w. 4x Vhat Moldavia, Walaquia, and the
Republick of Ragusa .. should not be disquieted by the
‘Turks. 1796 H. Hunter tr. S¢.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799)
I. 101, I disquieted myself to think that I had no powerful
protector. 1844 TirtwaLt Greece VIII. Ixi. 119 The Dar-
danians .. disquieted his northern frontier.
Disquiet diskwaict), a Now rare. [f. Dis-
10 + Quigr a.] The reverse of quiet; unquiet,
restless, uneasy, disturbed. ,
1587 ‘I. Unperpown 2’ thiop, Hist. Heliod. 69 A sea,
which .. was very disquiet and troblesome. 1588 Gre
Perimedes, Ditty Wks. (Rtldg.) 292/2 Disquiet thoughts.
1596 Saks. Jam. Shr. iv. i. 171 Pray you husband be not
so disquiet. 1611 Sreep //ist, Gt. Brit. vit. ix. (1632) 243
Egfred being by nature of a disquiet disposition. 1727
De For /ist. Appar. vii. (1840) 120 Disquiet souls return-
ing hither. 1848 THackeray Jax. a/r lii, His mind was
disquiet.
Disquiet (diskwaiét, sd. [Partly sb. use of
the adj., partly f. Disquiev v.] Absence of bodily or
mental quietness; disturbance; uneasiness, anxiety,
worry ; restlessness, unrest.
1881 Pettir Guazzo’s Crv. Conv. . (1586) 68 b, To attaine
to learning, there is not onelie required a will, but studie,
watching, labour, and disquiet, which are irkesome thinges.
1599 Suaks. A/uch Ado u. i. 268 All disquiet, horror, and
perturbation followes her. 1614 Raveicu //ist. World u.
260 Called by God .. unto that rest which never afterward
hath disquiet. 1641 Zeraes de da Ley (1708) 76 Making
discord and disquiet to rise between his Neighbours. 1703
Rowe Fair Penit.u. ii. 580 This fond Paper would not give
me A moment of Disquiet. 1845 S. Austin Ranke's Hist.
Ref. III. 235 The States of the Church and Naples were still
in a state of universal disquiet and ferment. 186g Piitttirs
Vesuv. iii, 58 The eleven months of disquiet may be re-
garded as one almost continual eruption.
+b. with @and p/. A disturbance; a disquiet-
ing feeling or circumstance. ach. or Obs
1574 Lp. BurGuey in Strype Ann. Ref I. iv. 81 Anxieties
and disquiets of mind. 1659 HamMmonp Ox /’s. cxliv. 12~14
Paraphr. 694 Without any disturbances or disquiets. 1698
Fryer Ace. E. Ludia & P. 97 It is so mighty a Disquiet to
the Governor, that he can never be at ease till he [etc.].
1726-7 Swirt Gudliver 1. iv. 55 In the midst of these intes-
tine disquiets. 1755 SMoLLETT Quix, (1803) 1V. 135 My
soul has been invaded by a thousand miseries, a thousand
toils, and four thousand disquiets.
+Disquietal. Os. rare.
-] The action of disquieting.
1642 H. More Song of Soud u.i. 1. xxi, As when the flit-
ting fire Grows full of wrath and rage, and gins to fume,
And roars and strives ’gainst its disquietall.
+ Disquieta‘tion. Os. rare. [f. Disquier
v.3 cf. F. énguczétation, med.L. zngutetatio, in same
[f. prec. vb. + -AL
|
sense, and see -ATION.] Disquieting; a cause of |
disquiet ; disturbance.
1526 Piler. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 92 b, The lacke or want
therof is hurt notable to ony persone & disquietacyon to
ony communalte. .
quieted, A//.a. [f. as prec. +-ED!.] Dis-
turbed ; rendered uneasy or restless, Hence Dis-
qui‘etedly adv., in a disquieted or uneasy manner ;
Disquietedness, the state of being disquieted ;
uneasiness, disquietness.
1550 Bate /mage Both Ch. 1. (R.), Fleshlye cares, and
disquieted consciences. 1645 J. Corron (tit/e), ‘The Cove-
nant of God’s free Grace .. comfortably applied to a dis-
quieted soul. @1680 Cuarnock Attrib. God (1834) I. 337
Let us. .examine the reason. .as David did of his disquieted-
ness. 1857 Chamb. ¥rni, VIII. 345 My mother’s eyes rested
-.disquietedly upon the man’s partly averted face.
Disquieter (diskwoiréta1. [f. as prec. +
-ER!,] One who or that which disquiets; a dis-
turber. .
1564 Butieyn Dial. By Pest. (1888) 110 A swarme of
sedicious disquieters of the common wealth, 1575 Turserv.
Faulconrie 364 It also .. kylles the flies, the dogges dis-
quieters and enimies to his ease. 1600 Surrtet Countrie
Farme u. li. 359 A procurer of vomit, and a disquieter of
the stomacke. a1660 Hammonp Sew. i. (T.), The dis-
quieters of the honour and peace of Christendom.
+ Disquietful, cz. are. [f. Disquier sd. +
-FUL.] Full of or fraught with disquiet.
a 1677 Barrow Sern. Wks. 1687 I. xvi. 239 Love and pity
of our selves should ‘persuade us to forbear it [reviling], as
disquietfull, i ious, and hievous to us.
DISQUIRY.
Disquieting (diskwoi-étin), v4/. 5d. [f. D1s-
QUIET Z. +-ING1.] The action of the vb. DisQuiet ;
disturbing ; disturbance of peace or tranquillity.
_ 1535 Coverpate Wisd. xiv. 25 Manslaughter, .. disquyet-
inge of good men, vnthankfulnes, defylinge of soules, 1641
Baker Chron, Hen, /, an. 1112 (R.) King Henry .. was not
without somelittle disquietings at home. 1883 A ¢henvum
1 Dec. 699/3 To the disquieting of his lawful spouse.
Disqui‘eting, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -ING 2.]
That disquiets or causes uneasiness ; disturbing.
1576 Freminc Panofpl. Epist. 271 To expell the cause of
that disquieting disease. 1691 Hartcurre lirtues 17 Vhe
‘Troubles and ‘Tumults of disquieting Passions. 1783 Wat-
son PAilip (17, 1. 113 They were filled with the most dis-
quieting apprehensions. 1894 7vses 1 Sept. 8/4 Another
disquieting feature of the present industrial situation.
Disquietist. [/ Diseuiev sé. + -1sr.] A
professed disturber of quiet ; an alarmist.
1834 New Monthly Mag. XLI. 99 Vhe most honest of
agitators, the most disinterested of disquietists.
+ Disqui-etive, a. Obs. [f. Disquizr v. +-I1VE.]
Tending to disquiet; of disquieting character.
1846 WorcESTER cites Howe.
Disquietly diskwaiétli), adv. [f. Disquier
a.+-LY2.] Ina disquiet or uneasy manner; + in
a disquieting manner.
. Pref. Aija, He that carrieth himself
y, malecontent, fearing death, is not wise.
[f£ Disquier v. 4
-MENT.] The action of disquieting; the fact or
condition of being disquieted,
1606 ‘I'ukNBULL in Spurgeon 7yeas. Dav. Ps. xv. 1 They
are in continual perplexity. .continual disquietment of their
minds. 1662 STittincri. Orig. Sacr. it. iii. § 8 The pas-
sions, disquietments, and disappointments of men. 1689
Col. Rec. Pennsylv. 1, 313 What a Spiritt has been raysed
in ffrinds to his Disquietment there vpon y* account.
b. A disquieting circumstance or occurrence.
a 1688 (, Sepewick in Spurgeon 77eas, Dav. Ps. XIX. 12
Rebekah was weary of her life, not for any foreign dis-
quietments, but because of domestic troubles.
Disquietness diskwoiétnés’. [f Disauier
a + -NESS.] The quality or state of being dis-
quiet ; want of quiet ; unrest ; disturbance.
1535 CoverDALe Prov. xi. 29 Who so maketh disquyet-
nesse in his owne house, he shal haue wynde for his heret-
age. 1868 Grarron Chrou. 11.553 A tumult and assembly
was made, to the disquietnesse of the realme. 1615 ‘T,
Apams Leaven 117 In these dayes disquietnesse allowes no
meditation, penurie no bookes. 1681 H. More Lap. Dan.
194 Enraged with everlasting disquietness.
+ Disqui‘etous, z. Os. [f. Disquirr sd. +
-ous.] Fraught with disquiet; disquieting.
1618 Boton ‘doris tt. ii, (1636) 165 The troubles which
brake out Northward, were farre more manifold, and
horrible: no quarter is so disquietous. 1641 Mitton C%.
Govt. 11. (1851) 142 ‘This..subject..the tcuching whereof is
so distastfull and disquietous to a number of men.
Disquietude (diskwoittivd). [f Disquier a.,
after QuUIETUDE.] Disquieted condition or state ;
restlessness, disturbance, disquietness.
1709 Avpison Zatler No. 97 _? 3 The Noise and Dis-
quietude of Business. 1753 N. Torrtano Gangr. Sore
Throat 24 She passed this Time very uneasily, with great
Disquietude. 1844 ‘'Hirtwatt Greece VIII. Ixi. 87 Anti-
gonus must have viewed the alliance with great disquietude,
1869 Prituirs Mesa. iii. 57 On the 3rd of September, the
disquietude of Vesuvius returned.
b. with a@and f/. A feeling, occasion, or cause
of disquiet ; a disquieting circumstance.
171x Appison Sfect. No. 256 P 6 The Multitude of Dis-
quietudes to which the Desire of it [Fame] subjects an
ambitious Mind. 1726-7 Swirr Gulliver ut. il. § 13 (1865)
‘These people are under continual disquietudes. 1885 J/anch.
Exam. 8 July 5/2 From the still unconquered Black Flags
there are plenty of disquietudes to fear. :
[Disquieture, error for désyuictnes : see List of
Spurious Words.} ,
+ Disqui‘parancy. Losec. Obs. [ad.med.L.
disquiparantia (F. Mayron a 1325, see Prantl III.
290, 1V.66) for diswguiparantia, f. DIs- 4 + wegu-
parantia (Tertull.) : see EQuIPARANCE.]
The relation of two correlates which are heterony-
mous, i.e. denoted by different names, as father and
son: opp. to egucparancy.
1697 tr. Burgersdicius his Logic 1. vii. 22 Relateds syno-
nymous are usually called relateds of «quiparancy, as
JSriend, rival, etc.; heteronymous of disquiparancy, as
Sather, son, master, servant,
Disquipara'tion. 7a7e. [f. as prec. after L.
awguiparatzon-ent, n. of action from agutparare to
equalize.] = prec.
1894 Froupe Erasmus 125 They define the personal or
hypostatic union as the relation of a real disquiparation
in one &&treme with no correspondent at the other.
+Disqui're, v. Obs. [ad. L. disquir-cre
to inquire diligently, f, Dis- 5 + guerére to search,
seek.] ¢rans. To.inquire diligently, investigate.
1621 Br. Mountacu Déatribe 11. 401, What the custome
..was, I doe.not resolue, nor disquire. 1654 VILVAIN
Chronogr. 16 Thus hay 1 .. tired my head to disquire the
truth of Times. 1654 — Theorem. Theol. i. 24 Such are diffi-
ciler to discern or disquire their corporals, subject to sens.
So +Disqui‘ry Ods., investigation, inquiry.
1627 J. Doucuty Sermon (1628) 10 The Lord hath wholly
exposed all the creatures to mans disquiry. a Durye
2
troubledly, disquiet
+ Disquietment. 0’s.
DISQUISITE.
Just Re-frop. 2 If ..a regular way of disquiry may be
followed. Jdid., If they viscosa A afeny: or fall to the
issue of that disquiry. 5
Di'squisite,-it, v. rare. [Pa back-formation
from disguisition.| intr. To make a disquisition.
1825 New Monthly Mag. XVI. 148 The same Creative
Power .. by which alone we ourselves at this moment
breathe, think, or disquisite at all, 1893 Letanp A/em.
IL, 274 Here I would fain disquisit on Pike.
Disquisition (diskwizi-fen). [ad. L. désgui-
sitton-em inquiry, investigation, n. of action f. dis-
guisit- ppl. stem of disqguirére: see Disquire.]
1. Diligent or systematic search; investigation ;
research, examination.
1608-11 Jos. Hatt Medit. Vowes 1. § 28 The disquisition
of great truthes requires time. 1668 Witkins Real Char.
i, Others have applyed their disquisitions to some particular
Letters. 1744 Harris Three Treat. (1841) 51 In this dis-
uisition into human conduct. 1 H. Brooke Fool of
wal. (1859) I. 82 (D.) On their return from a disquisition
as fruitless as solicitous, nurse declared her apprehensions
that Harry had gone off with a little favourite boy. 1818
Jas. Mitt Brit. /ndia 1. u. iv. 150 A subject. .of less subtle
and difficult disquisition. 1855 H. Reep Lect. Eng. Lit. i.
(1878) 42 To make it a topic of distinct disquisition.
+b. edlipt. A subject or topic for investigation ;
a guestion. Ods. rare.
_ 1605 Campen Nem. 214 Their growing vp, their flourish-
ing .. were a disquisition for the learned. 1660 R. Coke
Justice Vind. 4 margin, The manner and order of attain-
ing to Knowledge, is a subtil disquisition. :
. A treatise or discourse in which a subject is
investigated and discussed, or the results of investi-
gation set forth at some length ; less correctly, a
learned or elaborate dissertation o# a subject.
1647 Trare Comm, Matt. xi. 17 Puzzling them with
scholastical craggy disquisitions. a1680 Butter Rem.
(1759) 1.66 Unhappy Man .. On hypothetic Dreams and
Visions Grounds everlasting Disquisitions. 1794 SULLIVAN
View Nat. 11, In our foregoing disquisition we ventured
upon the threshold of a Scythiac antediluvian hypothesis.
1840 Macautay Nanke Ess. (1854) 11.146 The constant
subjects of their lively satire and eloquent disquisitions.
1873 G. C. Davies M/ount. & Merei.3 A learned disquisi-
tion on the alleged cruelty of sport.
Disquisitional (diskwizi‘fanal), a.
+-AL.] Of the nature of a disquisition.
1846 WorcesTER cites Monthly Rev. 1856 Masson Ess.,
Story of 1770, 199 Here the reader must permit me a little
Essay or disquisitional Interleaf on the character and
writings of Chatterton. 1861 NV. Brit. Rev. May 196 [The
18th c.] sermons have no longer a voice of authority. They
are disquisitional, explanatory or persuasive.
Disquisi‘tionary, @. [Sce -any.'] = prec.
1847 in Craic 5 and in later Dicts.
Disquisi‘tionist. [f. as prec. + -Ist.] The
author of a disquisition.
1838 /raser’s Mag. XVIII. 385 Many a disquisitionist on
the character of Burns. 1878 Bacrnor Lit, Stud. (1879) I.
p. x, An arid disquisitionist on value and cost of production.
Disquisitive (diskwi-zitiv), a. (sb.) [f. L.
disquisit- ppl. stem of désguirére + -1VE.] Charac-
terized by or given to disquisition; given to re-
search or investigation ; inquiring.
1647 TRarP Comm. 2 Cor. xiii, 5 The disquisitive part be-
longs to us, the decisive to God. 1772 Weekly Mag. 22 Apr.
[f. prec.
118/t He., is a man of great disquisitive powers. 1796
Corerince Let, in Mrs. Sandford Poole & Friends (1888)
I. 185 My own shaping and disquisitive mind, 1889 W. L.
Courtney Life ¥. S. Alii ii. 30 The disquisitive youth.
+ B. sé. An inquiry or investigation. Oés.
_ 1659 Stantey /ist. Philos. 11. 1v. 11 The Sceptick’s end
is .. Suspension in disquisitives.
Disqui'sitively, adv. rave. [f. prec. +
-LY 4.) -In a disquisitive manner; by investiga-
, a Cs y g
tion or examination.
1622 Matynes Anc. Law-Merch. 262 By the mixt mettall
Ore taking of disquisitively, or here and there.
Disquisitor (diskwi-zito:). [ad. L. *disgui-
sitor, agent-n. from disguirére: see -OR.] One
who makes disquisition; an inquirer or. investi-
gator ; the author of a disquisition.
1766 F. Bracksurn Confessional 318 Let the Disquisitors
answer for themselves. 1771 W. Jones Zool, Eth. 66 All
the disquisitors that ever took the Law of Moses in hand.
1801 Chron. in Ann, Reg. 502 Because, say our profound
disquisitors, all the seven sacraments confer grace. a
a Rew. 2 Nov. 485/2 An academic disquisitor on politica
= yects. : . . . stm ty
Disquisitorial (diskwizitderial),@. rare. [f.
prec. + -(1)AL.] Of or belonging to a disquisitor ;
phe room inquiring.
1806 R. Cumpertanp Mem. 1. 189 () When he came to
exercise the subtlety of his disquisitorial powers upon it.
Disqui'sitory, a. rare. =prec,
1860 Worcester cites Eclectic Rev.
+ Disra‘nge, v. Vis. Also 5 disrenge, {ad.
OF. desrengier, -rangter, {, des-, DI8- 4 + renc,
reng, now rang rank, order. Cf. DERANGE.] a.
trans. To throw out of order or rank ; to disar-
range. b. refi. and intr. To fall out of rank.
1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 226 They began to ~ disrenge
& to be aferde. cx Lo. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt.
(1814) 162 Whan these iiii. knightes on horsbacke sawe
Arthur, one of them dysranged hym selfe, and... ran at
Arthur. 1610 Hottanp Camden's Brit. 1. 317 The English-
men... presently disranged themselues, and in disray prea:
hard upon the enemies. 1775 R. Woop “ss. Homer 42
(Jod.) That delicate cqnnexion and thread of circumstances,
500
which are seldom disranged even by the smallest alteration
without endangering his truth and consistence.
(disreenk), v. [f. Dis- 7¢+ Rank sd.]
+1. trans. To throw out of r or into dis-
order. Obs.
1597 Danie Civ. Wars vu. xvi, The ranged horse break
out... Disrank the troops; set all in disarray. a
Beau. & Fi. Lawes of Candy 1. i, 1.. Was he that first
dis-rankt their woods of Pikes. 1654 Trare Comm, Ps.
1. 3 The army was dis-ranked and wandred any way.
+b. intr. (for ref.) To fall out of ranks, fall
into disorder. Ods.
1605 Syivester Du Bartas u. iii. 1. Abraham 325 Too-
too-tired, some at last dis-rank. 1629 J. Maxwe t tr. Hero-
dian (1635) 150 They disranke, and are routed.
+2. transf. and fig. (trans.) To disorder, disar-
range, confuse. Obs.
1602 Dekker Satiro-Mastix Kija, Out of thy partalready ;
foil’d the scene ; Disrank’d the a 1614 J, Cooke 7x
Quogue in Hazl. Dodsley X1. 264 You shall march a whole
day..and not disrank one hair of your physiognomy. 1628
Forp Lover's Mel. w. ii, Throngs of rude divisions huddle
on, And do disrank my brain from peace and sleep.
3. To deprive of one’s rank, to reduce to 2 lower
rank; to degrade.
1599 Daniet Let. of Octavia Arg. Wks. (1717) 1. 69 He
arms his Forces, either to reduce Antony to the Rank of
his Estate, or else to disrank him out of State and all. 161
A. Nicnotes Marr. & Wiving vi. in Harl. Misc. (Malh.
III. 263 Thou wilt disrank thyself, or single out [a wife]
from the too common shame and abuse in this kind [of
women). 1894 [see DisratiNG]).
Hence Disra‘nked ///. a., Disra‘nking v/. 5d.
1606 Maxston /awne 1. i, Wilde longings, or the least
of disranct shapes. 1627 May Lucan v. (1631) 24 The
letter’s lost in their disranked wings. 1629 J. Hp tr.
Herodian (1635) 179 note, So the dis-ranking of the English
lost all to the Normans.
+ Disra‘pier, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 7a + Rapier
sb.] trans. To deprive of a rapier; to disarm.
1599 B. Jonson Ev. Man out of Hum. u.i, He that should
offer to disrapier me now. 2
Disrate (disré't), v. [f. Dis- 7 a+ Rate s4.]
1. trans. To reduce (a petty officer or non-commis-
sioned officer of marines) to a lower rating or rank.
1811 Naval Chron. XXV. 28 Having been disrated for
some offence. 1829 Soutney in Q. Kev. XLI. 406 He found
it necessary to disrate Peter Hayles, the pirate. 1860 Merc.
Marine Mag. V\1. 85 This witness had been chief mate ..
but had been disrated..for drunkenness.
2. ‘To remove (a ship) from its rate or class.
1885 Lavy Brassey The Trades 246 The ‘Tyrian’, another
‘yellow-fever ship’, was disrated for the same reason,
3. fig. To remove from one’s rank or position.
1854 Cham, ¥rn/. 11, 200 He. -had disrated himself from
the genteel company of a ten-miles-wide circuit. 1883 G..
Turner in Gd. Words Dec. 7728/1 There is..no just reason
for dis-rating ‘which’ from its old relation to persons as
well as to things.
Hence Disrated pf/. a., Disra‘ting vd/. sd.
1833 Marrvat ?. Simple lvi, If you please, your. honour,
I'd rather take my disrating—I—don’t wish to be chief
boatswain’'s mate in this here business. 1891 Daily News
DISREGARD.
ul, vii. 208 Disrai’d Of that faire iem, 1608 Day Law
Trickes 1. i. (1881) 12 On the high Altar sacrifiz’d the
Priests, eee te
in Udall 1548: see DISRELISH.
Disrealize (disriAlsiz), v. rare. [f. Dis- 6+
REALIZE.] trans. To divest of reality, to idealize.
1889 Sat. Rev. 2 Mar. 261/1 The first and rule of the
poet should be. .to pass personal emotion through the
sieve of the universal, to ‘ di ize’ everything, to bring
it into union with the whole.
+ Disrea‘son, sd. Ois. In 5 desrayson. [a.
OF. desrazson, {. des-, Dis- 4 + raison reason.]
That which is contrary to reason or right; in-
justice.
1480 Caxton Ovid's Met. xu. xix, Certes it is to chyvalrye
over grete blame, over grete tyrannye and desrayson.
+ rea’son, v. OF from OF.
desraisnier or its latini form disrationare,
variants of OF. deratsnier, med.L. dérationare :
see Du Cange, and cf. Deratcy.] ¢rans. To prove,
assert, vindicate ; =DERAIGN 7. I, 2.
(The prefix des-, dis-, was here a mere variant of de-, owing
to the frequent equi and confusion of t prefi
(see De- I. 6); but it appears to have been taken by the 17th c.
legal antiquaries in the privative sense (Dis- 4); hence the
erroneous explanation of Disrationare in Blount’s Law
Dict. ‘contrarium ratiocinando asserere, vel quod assertum
est ratiocinando destruere’, and cf. J. C. Blomfield Hist.
Souldern (1893) 12 note.)
1622 Matynes Anc. Law-Merch. 425 In which time the
proprietarie may disreason the said recouerie, by di ing
the other parties surmises or allegations, prouing the
specialtie was paied whereupon the Attachment was
grounded.
+ Disrea‘sonable, 2. Ols. rare. [ad. OF.
desraisonable (Oresme, 14th c.), mod.F. dé-, f. des-,
Dis- 4+ raisonable.] Devoid of reason, unreason-
able, groundless.
1549 Compl. Scot. xv. 122 Thy complaynt is nocht dis-
rasonabil. /did. xx. 169 The extreme disrasonabil abusione
that rang amang the vniuersal pepil.
+ Disre’ckon, v. Ods. rare. [Dis- 6.] intr.
To reverse reckoning ; to reckon by deduction.
1561 Even Arte Nanig. 1. vi. 31 The dayes of the Moone
beynge knowen, then vnrekenyng or disrekenynge back-
warde, we shall knowe the daye. 1611 FLorio, Scomputare,
to disreckon.
i [D1s- 6.]
mmend, v. Ols. rare.
trans, = DISCOMMEND J. 3.
1691 Norris Pract, Disc, 217 The untunableness of one or
two Instruments dis-recommends the whole Musical Consort.
Disrecommendation (disrekmendéi-fan).
[f. Dis- 9 + Recommenpation.] That which is the
reverse of a recommendation, or is unfavourable
to any one’s claims.
1752 Firipinc Amelia Wks. 1775 XI. 44 The poverty of
the person. .is never, I believe, any forcible dis-
tion toa good mind. @1797 H. Wacrore Geo, // (1847) I.
vii. 211 He attained considerable weight in a Government
where trifling qualities are no disrecommendation, @ 1843
Soutnty Doctor Fragment (1862) 676 ae to these dis-
ded in t
21 Nov. 4/6 What are the Tories going to do with all the recc ions that it is pi terms
disrated Liberal Secessionists? 1 rere e fon of insol ion.
Gloss., Disrating, A nautical term for ‘disranking’, that is, wrt = ead) s
reducing from a higher rank to a lower, such as lowering Disr e (disriga ad 7 sb. [f. Dis o> Re.
a man fork A. B, to ordinary seaman, or from fireman to | GARD $b. Want of regard H neglect, inattention ;
trimmer. in earlier use often, the withholding of the ad
, 8
+ Disra‘tionate, v. Oés. rare. [f. Dis- 6 +
L. ration-em reason + -ATE3.] trans. To deprive
of its reason or rationality.
1668 C. Sretman in Sir 11. Speiman's De non Temer.
Eccl. (ed. 4)'To Rdr. 18 Thou .. must disrationate St. Paul's
argument, who disswades the pollution of thy Body, because
it is the ‘lemple of the holy Ghost.
+ Disray’, sd. Ods. — of desray, DERAY, with
the ordinary late ME. c ange of des- to dis-: see
Dis- prefix, and cf, Diskay v.] Disorder, con-
fusion; =DrERay, DisaRRAyY.]
13.. A. Adis. 4353 He gan make gret eg And gradde
ageyn to Darye. c14§0 Merlin 407 The Knyghtes..gan
make soche a disray a-monge hem that noon a-bode other.
¢ 1470 HarpinG Chron, Lxvi. i, The realme to saue, and kepe
out of disraye. 1609 Horan Amm. Marcell. xxix. xii, 368
‘To come in manner of a sodaine tempest upon our armie ..
and to put it in disray. 1610 [see Disrance].
+ Disray’, v. Ods. [In sense 1, var. of Deray,
orig. desray, a. OF. desreer, desrayer, with the
ordinary late ME, substitution of dis- for des-: ef.
prec. In sense 3 identified with Disarray,
1. trans. To put out of array or military order;
to throw into disorder; = DISARRAY ¥, I.
1300 A’. A/is. 673 Now con Alisaundre of skyrmyng, And
of post disrayng. 1609 HoLtanp tr. Amm, "Marcell
xxiv. i. 262 Least Archers running foorth might disray
the rankes. c1x6rx SytvesTer . iv. Decay 1124 Have
these so yong and weak Disrayed your ranks? 163x WEEVER
Anc. Fun. Mon, 317 Guortimer ., did here set vpon .. the
English Saxons, ou being disrayed, not able to
abide a second charge, he put all to flight.
2. To disorder the attire, or spoil the personal
appearance of. In quot. ref.
1431 Lypcate Chron. Troy u. xiii. (Paris to Helen), And
as a penitaunt in contrition Ye you disraye; alas why do
ye so
3. To deprive of personal array or attire ;. to
despoil, strip ; = DISARRAY 2. 2.
1483 Cath. Angi. 100/e (MS. A.), To disray or disgise
(MS. M. disaray] exornare. 1599 Marston Sco. Villanie,
which is due, slighting, undue neglect ; in later use,
the treating of anything as of no im ce.
1665 GLANVILL Scepsis Sct. xiv. 89 We can be bold without
resentment, yet it may be with an invincible disregard. 733
Neat //ist, Purit. 11.478 The Bishops fell under a gene
disregard. 1795 Lp. AuckLanb Corr. (1862) III. 280 Acts
.. which tend to the levelling of thrones and conditions, and
ive to monarchs a more certain di and d ct
then all the labours. . of the Jacobins. Mentvate Xow.
Emp. (1871) V. xiv. zs Disregard and sympathy seemed to
be equally distasteful to him.
b. Constr. of (for, to). ‘ es
1716 Appison /recholder JA isrega fame.
eran Arrersury /’rov. 2p Gorge AS A disregard for
everything besides. 1736 Butter Amal. u. vi. 224 Pro-
faneness and avowed Disregard to all Religion. ap Sooners
Pilato (ed. 2) 1. 114 An extreme disregard of .. historical
accuracy. —s . Buunr Ref. Ch. Eng. 11. 484 His
lawless disreg for the principles of the Reformation
settlement.
Disregard (disr/gi1d), v. [f. Dis- 6 + Re-
GARD v.] dvans, To treat without regard, ta pay
no regard to. &. In earlier use, esf., to treat
without due regard, respect, or attention; to
neglect unduly, to slight.
a Mitton Aximady. To Postscr., Wks. (1847) 74/2 To
hurches which. .f you
tak y those y
d. 165x Baxter Jnf. 4
the
e
aie peg A r = isregard and despise
1 ‘0 € the peo
Gospel. pt tr. Jeon Ulloa's Voy. (ed. 3) 1. 458
uarries of fine stone ; but these are utter! ¥ by
the inhabitants. x Gispon Decl. & /. 11. 857 who
have attacked, those who have defended . . have alike
disregarded two very remarkable pa of two
Pp d under the ding reign. ;
b. In later use, esf., to treat as of no importance,
to pay no attention to. 5 .
Hotcrort Lavater's Physiog. xxi, 107, Desirous of
rivate happi he disregards public op ;
acautay /ist, Eng. II, 155 The king .. advised the
treasurer to disregard idle rumours. 1869 Dickens Lett.
(1880) 2 421, I have had symptoms that must not be dis:
DISREGARDABLE.
Hence Disrega'rded //. a. (whence Disre-
ga‘rdedness, state of being disregarded) ; Disre-
garding v//. sb. and Af/. a.
1659 C. Noster Mod. Answ. Iinmod. Q. 6 To charge him
with neglects and slightings and disregardings to his friends.
D. Pett Jmpr. Sea 185 Unto which Ambassage the
Queen of England .. returned this bold, smiling, and disre-
rdinganswer. 1667 FLAvEL Saint Indeed (1754) 24 In the
isregarded heart, swarms of vain foolish thoughts are per-
cauaie working. 1791 Cowper //iad vit. 561 Then sullen
nurse thy disregarded spleen. a 1854 Lp. Cocksurn (77-
cuit Yourn, (1883) 95 Its surrounding bad taste and selfish
disregardedness.
Disrega‘rdable, a. [f. prec.+-aBLE.] That
may be disregarded ; unworthy of regard.
1661 Grand Debate 77 Till experience be proved to be dis-
regardable. 74x Ricnarpson Pamela III. 152 An easy
Fortune is. .far from being disregardable.
Disregardant, @. [f. Dis- 10 + Recarpanr,
after prec. vb.] Paying no regard or attention ;
neglectful, disregarding.
1816 Soutney Poet's Pilgr.1. 27 All disregardant of the
Babel sound, A swan kept oaring near with upraised eye.
1880 Ruskin Fors Clav. Sept. VIII. 131, I understand you
to be .. disregardant, if not actually defiant, of the persons
on whose capital you have been hitherto passively depen-
dent for occupation.
Disrega‘rder.
One who disregards.
1661 BoyLe Style of Script. Pref. (1675) 10 Disregarders of
the Scripture. 1864 H. Srencer /dlustr. Univ. Pragr.110
In being considered a disregarder of public opinion.
Disrega‘rdful, a. [f. Dis- 10 + REGARDFUL:
cf. disrespectful.) The opposite of regardful ;
regardless, neglectful, careless.
1641 Br. Mountacu Acts & Mon. 302 It was not probable
he could be .. so dis-regardfull of his owne state. «1677
Barrow Serm. Wks. 1687 I. vii. 83 Will God .. be so partial
and fond to us, so disregardfull and injurious toward himself ?
1748 RicHarpson Clarissa Wks. 1883 VII1, 372 Who. .could
be so disregardful of his own interest? 1882 A. B. Bruce
Parab. Teach, Christ w. vi. (1891) 354 Love .. disregardful
of conventional barriers, :
Hence Disrega‘rdfully adv., without regard,
with neglect ; Disrega‘rdfulness,
1640 Br. Hart Chr, Moder. 41/2 They..after many years
vain hope were turned home disregardfully. ¢1720 Lv¢t.
Jr. Mist's Frul. (1722) I. 64 An Author .. used too slightly
and disregardfully. 1731 Baitey, Disregard/fulness, neglect-
fulness. 1869 Mrs. Wuitney //itherto viii. 93 Not breaking
in disregardfully ; she always listened Mrs. Whistler through.
+ Disre‘gular, a. [Dis- 10.] =IrrecuLar,
1649 Evetyn Liberty §& Servitude iv. Misc. Writ. (1805) 21
Men..who (not having more disregular passions) dispise
honours, pleasures, riches.
[Dis- 10.] Unrelated ;
Disrela‘ted, #7//. a.
So Disrela‘tion,
[f DisrEcaRD v. + -ER!.]
without relation or connexion.
absence of relation or connexion.
1893 West, Gaz. 15 May 3/2 Throughout his humour
consists of the disrelation of his remarks to his age and size.
Ibid., When they utter disrelated speeches. 1894 /d7¢.
26 Sept. 2/3 [He] looks on what goes before or comes after
him as entirely disrelated.
Disrelish (disre"lif), sd. Also 7 disrellish.
[£ DisrewisH v. or Dis- 9 + RELISH sé.] Distaste,
dislike, aversion, some degree of disgust.
a 1625 Fretcuer Nice Valour 1. i, Being once glutted,
then the taste of folly Will come into disrelish. 1645 FULLER
Good Th. in Bad T. (1841) 37 Dissensions .. will breed in
pagans such a disrelish of our religion. 1667 Mitton ?. L.
x. 569 With hatefullest disrelish writh’d thir jaws With soot
and cinders fill’d. 1727 Pore Let. fo Atterbury 20 Nov.,
With a dis-relish of all that the world calls Ambition. 1791
Burke Aff. Whigs Wks. VI. 202 Men .. have an extreme
disrelish to be told of their duty. 1802 Med. ¥rnd. VIII.
403 Her disrelish for food amounted to disgust. 1842 M1ALL
in Nonconf. I. 96 Conduct .. indicative of his disrelish for
the whole subject. 2
b. Something which excites distaste or aversion.
1823 New Monthly Mag. 1X. 104/2-The extraordinary
nasal twang ., not to mention other disrelishes, we cannot
get over.
Disrelish (disre'lif\, v. [f. Dis- 6 or 7 a+
RExIsuH 2. or s0.]
+1. ¢vans. To destroy the relish or flavour of;
to render distasteful. Ods.
(The first quot. appears to belong here): ved/ese, rellice
occur as 16th c, spellings of Retisn.]
1548 Unatt, etc. Evasm. Par. Luke xv. 130b, Yet is it
[the plentie or aboundance of the prodigal] marred and dis-
realised with muche galle of sondrie griefes and sorowes.
1528 Earte Microcosm. (1740) 86 Some musty proverb that
disrelishes all things whatsoever. 1667 Mitton P. L. v. 305.
1691 Norris Pract, Disc. 140 "Tis like the Handwriting on
the Wall, enough to spoil and disrelish the Feast. 1760
Sterne Sern, ILL. 374.
2. To have a distaste for, to find not to one’s
taste; to regard with disfavour; to dislike.
1604 Suaks. O¢h, 1. i. 236 Her delicate tendernesse wil..
begin to heaue the gorge, disreelish and abhorre the Moore.
1642 Mitton Afol. Smect. Wks. 1738 1. 117 How long is it
since he hath disrelish’d Libels?) 1764 Mem. G. Psal-
256 This Ilent book, though..disrelished by
some weak Christians. 1799 G. WASHINGTON Le/é. Writ.
1893 XIV. 151, I am not surprised that some members of
the House .. should disrelish your report. 1886 STEVENSON
Kidnapped xxvii. (1888) 281 He so much disrelished some
expressions of mine that..he showed me to the door,
+3. To prove distasteful to; to disgust. Ods.
1649 Br. Hatt Cases Consc. ut. vii. (1650) 230 Or preach
some truth which dis-relishes the palate of a prepossessed
501
auditor. ate ype Alimony w. vii. in Hazl. Dodsley X1V.
352 What might I say, That should disrelish Madam Caveare?
1708 J. Puitirs Cyder 1. 28 He tastes the bitter morsel,
and rejects Disrelisht.
4. intr. To be distasteful, to ‘go down badly.’
1631 [See DisretisHtnc below]. 1647 Spricce Anglia
Rediv. w. iv. 223 This much disrelished with the Lord Hop-
ton. 31814 Cary Dante Par. xvi. 113, I learnt that, which
if I tell again, It may with many wofully disrelish.
Hence Disre‘lished ///. a.; Disre lishing v0/.
sb.; Disre‘lishing f//. a., distasteful.
1631 Bratuwair Whimsies Ep. Ded. 8 Strong lines have
beene in request, but they grew disrelishing. 1659 Lady
Alimony u. v. in Hazl. Dodsley X1V. 314 A freedom from
our disrelish’d beds. yg Dryven St. Evremont's Ess. 78
This first disrelishing of the Republick, had .. so much of
Honesty that [etc 182r Lamp £é/a Ser. 1. Jperf
Synpathies, When once it becomes indifferent, it begins to
be disrelishing. 1846 D. Kine 7'reat. Lora’s Supper iv. 89
A violated law and a disrelished salvation.
+ Disre‘lishable, ¢. Ods. [f. prec. +-ABLE.]
Such as to be disrelished or disliked ; distasteful.
a 1670 Hacker Adbp, Williams 1. (1692) 73 (D.) That the
match ,.should be intended no more was disrelishable,
+ Disre‘lishment. 0és. rare. [f. DisRELIsH
+ -MENT.] A disliking; a distasteful matter.
1646 S. Botton Arvaigum, Err. 354 An act of oblivion..
in which all disrelishments either in language or action,
word or deed, may be buried up in silence. A
Disremember (disr/me*mba1), v. Chiefly ¢a/.
[f. Dis- 6 + REMEMBER v.] To fail to remember ;
to forget. (¢rans. and adsol.)
1836 I’. Manoney Rel. Mather Prout (1859) 373 The. . lines
of the author he feigns to disremember. 1848 Mrs. GaskeLt
MI. Barton ix. (1882) 23/1, I disremember rightly what I
did. 1876 Miss Cary Country Life i. 13 If he did not dis-
remember, he would look at it before he went to bed. 1880
Ouiwa Moths vii, [American speaking] I disremembered to
ask when the mails went out. 1880 A nfrim & Down Gloss.,
Disremember, to forget. Also in Glossaries of Sussex, Berks,
Hants, and in Bartlett Dict. Amer. (1860).
Disrepair (disr/pé1). [f. Dis- 9 + Repar sd.]
The state of being out of repair, or in bad condi-
tion for want of repairs.
1798 Velograph in Spirit Pb. Fruls. (1799) II. 368 If our
landlord should..suffer our houses and fences to go entirely
into disrepair. 1813 Scorr Rokeby u. xvii, All spoke neglect
and disrepair. 1816 — Old A/ort. v, It had been suffered to
go considerably into disrepair. 1833 Act 3-4 Mill. /V’,c. 46
§ 104 Where any. .spouts..drains or common sewers. .shall
get into disrepair. 1854 H. MILLer Sch. & Sch. i. (1857) 8
It .. had now fallen greatly into disrepair.
+ Disrepo'rt, 56. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 9 + RE-
Port sd.] Evil report, report to any one’s pre-
judice.
1640 FuLLER Yoseph's Coat viii. (1867) 193 Let us practise
St. Paul's precept, ‘ by honour and dishonour, by good re-
port and disreport’.
+ Disreport, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6 +
Report v.} To give an evil report (of).
1653 R. Bair Disswasive Vind. (1655) 81 Their for-
wardnesse to misreport, disreport, discovers much evill
affection in their spirits.
Disre:putability. [f. Disreruras_ea.: see
-BILITY. ] = DISREPUTABLENESS,
1854 De Quincey Axtodbiog. Sk. Wks. I. 78 Why then
should he court danger and disreputability? 1879 ARBER
Introd. to 2nd Pt. Return fr. Parnass. 16 The important
testimony. .to the disreputability. .of the professional Actor.
1892 Lounssury Stud. Chaucer ILI. vii. 250 ‘To call a man
a Goth conveyed .. a general sense of the disreputability of
him about whom it was uttered.
Disreputable (disre-piztab’l), a. (sd.) [f. Dis-
10+ REPUTABLE a@., after DISREPUTE.]
1. The reverse of reputable ; such as to bring into
disrepute or reflect discredit ; discreditable.
1772 Ann. Reg. 27 He could not .. but be sensibly con-
cerned for the present disreputable state of our law courts.
@1795 J. Wepcwoon in Darwin's Life & Lett. (1887) I. 198
It would [not] be in any degree disreputable to ae cha-
racter as a Clergyman. 1871 Freeman //ist. Ess. Ser. 1
vii. 200 One of the most disreputable of juggles.
2. Having a bad reputation ; in bad repute; not
of respectable character.
1828 Wesster, Disreputable .. as, disreputable company.
1844 Disraeti Coningsby iw. iv. (L.), obady wants a
second chamber, except a few disreputable individuals.
1861 Gro. Exior Silas M. v, There was Jem Rodney, a
known poacher, and otherwise disreputable. 1867 Miss
Brappon Xux to Earth i, The room was full of sailors and
disreputable-looking women.
B. sb. A 8 setae person.
1853 H. Grevitte Diary (1884) 35 To clear his Court of the
robbers and disreputables who surround him. 1862 Suirtey
Nuge Crit. iii. 172 Heine, one of the religious disreputables,
was ..amocker from his boyhood to his death. 1887 Pa/d
Alaill G. 23 Aug. 2/1 Where the .. drunkards and disreput-
ables are well in evidence.
Disre‘putableness. [f. prec. + -ness.] The
quality or state of being disreputable.
1710 W. Hume Sacred Success. 382 So that what people
.. agree upon and determine ., shall respecting aaah -
ness or disreputableness, have a very commanding force.
1860 4 /d Vear Round 142 That disreputableness of appear-
ance which is one of their greatest sources of attraction.
Disre‘putably, adv. [f. as prec. + -ty?.]
In a disreputable manner; discreditably.
1775 Burke Sf. Conc. Amer. Wks. III. 29 Proj
are made .. somewhat disreputably, when the minds of men
are not properly disposed for their reception. A/od. He is
said to have Gahaved most di ably on that i
sitions
DISRESPECT.
“‘Disreputa‘tion. 0s. or arch. [Dis- 9.]
1. Privation or loss of reputation; bringing into
disrepute ; discrediting ; dishonour, disgrace.
16or Futpecke 1st Pt. Parall. Intr. iii, The sodaine and
finall myserie, calamitie, and disreputation of that Common-
weale. @1617 Hieron /i’ks. II. 17 Those who vrge this to
the dis-reputation of all that are affected well. 1651-3 Jrr.
‘Taytor Serm. for Yeart. xiv. 173 A disreputation of piety
and a strict life. 1691-8 Norris Pract. Disc. (1711) IL.
78 Are they not inwardly troubled .. when they hear any-
thing said to their Disreputation? 1824 T. Jerrerson
Writ, (1830) LV. 387 He will .. bring disreputation on the
institution. 1874 Motiey Barneveld I. vii. 320 To remove
me from my post with disreputation. :
b. A discrediting circumstance, a disciedit.
1609 Br. W. Bartow Answ. Nameless Cath. 104 This
reason... is not onely a Calumniation against ‘T. M. but
a dis-reputation also to his Maiestie. 1651-3 Jer. Tayior
Serm. for Year (1678) 110 Intemperance .. is a Dishonour
and disreputation to the person and the nature of the man.
1751 Affect. Narr. Wager 36 Humanity ..the want of
which is a Disreputation to a Man’s Character.
+2. Want of reputation, evil reputation ; the con-
dition of being in disrepute ; discredited condition.
1633 T. Apams £2. 2 Peter ii. 5 This vice..is gotten
already out of the disreputation of a sin. 1748 Ricuarpson
Clarissa (1811) II. x i. 221 The period in which our
conduct or misconduct gives us a reputation or disreputa-
tion, that almost inseparably accompanies us throughout
our whole future lives. 1770 LancHorne Plutarch (1879)
II. 6391 Eumenes, with the disreputation of having been
only a secretary, raised himself to the first military employ-
ments,
Disrepute (<disr*pizt), sd. [f. Dis- 9 + Repure
sb.] Loss or absence of reputation; ill repute,
disestecm, discredit, dishonour.
1653 Hotcrorr Procopius Pref. Aij b, Belisarius then re-
turned to Constantinople with disrepute. 1698 Norkis
Pract, Disc. WV. 18 The Holy things of Religion fell at
length into Contempt and Dis-repute. 1788 /’277. 7raus. 1.
666 It was formerly in great credit as a pectoral, but is now
quite in disrepute. 1857 BuckLE Cizilis. I. ix. 573 It brings
the administration of justice into disrepute. 1870 Lowrte
Among my Bhs. Ser. 1. (1873) 8g A large and spacious house
which lay under the disrepute of being haunted.
+ Disrepu'te, v. Ols. [f. Dis-6+ REvuTEv.]
trans. a. Yo hold as of no reputation ; to regard
slightingly; to disesteem. b. To bring into dis-
credit; to defame, disparage. ec. To bring dis-
credit or an evil name upon | by one’s conduct).
1611 Frorio, Disreputare, to disrepute, to disesteeme.
1625 Br. Mountacu Afp. Cesar u. vii. 183 You quote us
the Homilies... 1 think you dis-repute them. 1649 Jerr.
Taytor Gt. Exemp.1. ad § 1.16 The Virgin was betrothed
lest honorable marriage might be disreputed. 1651 — //oly
Living iv. ad § 10 (1727) 335 O teach me to walk, that
I may never disrepute the honour of my religion. @ 1677
Barrow Sevm, (1686) III. 380 Is it not infinitely better to
be unjustly defamed by men, than to be disreputed by
God? 1697 R. Peirce Bath Alem, 1. ii, 272 Doubting
that he would disrepute the Place .. by dying here.
Disrese'mble, v. rv. [a. OF. desressembler
(in Godef.), f. des-, Dis- 4+ressembler.] trans.
Not to resemble; to be unlike.
So Disrese‘mblance, want of resemblance.
1622 PEacHam Compl. Gent. xiii. (1634) 1301 ‘To have
blurred it out for some small disresen_blance, either in the
eye or mouth. 1654 Lp. Orrery Parthen. (1676) 24 One ex-
ceeding like the first. .and disresembling him in nothing [etc.].
+ Disrese‘nt,v. Ols. rare. [f. Dis- 6+ RESENT
v. (which formerly meant ‘to take well or ill’).]
trans. To have a feeling against, to take ill;
= RESENT in its current sense.
1652 W. Hartrey /uf. Baptism 12 The Lord .. dis-re-
sented such performances as were tainted with wickedness.
Disrespect (disr/spekt), sd. [f. Dis- 9 +
Respect sé. ; or perlx from Disrespect v.] Want
of respect, courteous regard, or reverence.
1631 GouGre God's Arrows i. § 80. 336 Profanation of
holy things .. manifesteth a disrespect of God himselfe.
1731 JoHNsON Let. to G. Hickman 30 Oct. in Boswell, Vhis
delay .. proceeded neither from forgetfulness, disrespect
nor ingratitude. 1771 Funins Lett. liv. 285 My memory
fails me, if I have mentioned their names with disrespect.
1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. 11. 23 No expression indicating
disrespect to the Sovereign .. was suffered to escape.
+b. With @ and g/. An instance of this ; an act
showing disesteem or irreverence; ‘an act ap-
proaching to rudeness’ (J.). Ods.
1632 Marmion Holland's Leaguer 1v. v, Howsoever I
have found a disrespect from you, yet I forget it. 1647
Crarenvon “ist. Reb. 1. § 149 Any disrespect to any acts
of state..was in no time more penal. 1689 Col. Rec.
Pernsylv. 1. 314, I doe also fforgive y* Disrespects and
neglects of any persons. @ 1714 M. Henry Wks. (1835) 11.
139 Their unkindnesses and disrespects to hiniself.
Disrespect, v. [f. Dis- 6 + Respecr v.]
trans. The reverse of to respect; to have or show no
respect, regard, or reverence for; to treat with
irreverence.
1614 WitHeR Sat, to King, Juvenilia (1633) 346 Here can
I smile to see .."how the mean mans suit is dis-respected.
1633 Br. Hatt Hard Texts N. 7.11 Ifhe love the one he must
disrespect the other. 1683 Cave £cclesiastici 231 (Basil)
To honor him, and dis-respect his Friend, was to stroke
a man’s head with one hand, and strike him with the other.
1706 Hearne Collect. 26 Apr., He was disrespected in
Oxford by several men who now speak well of him. 1852
L. Hunt Poems Pref. 27 Asif .. sorrow disrespected things
homely. G. Merepitn Diana I. 257 You will judge
whether he disrespects me.
DISRESPECTABILITY.
Hence Disrespe‘cted A//. a., -ing vb/. sb.
1631 Gouce Gods Arrows i. § 45. 75 A dis-respecting,
despising, and vilifying of Gods mercies. 1640 GLAPTHORNE
Ladies Privil. w. Wks. 1874 11. 140, I meane not..To save
a dis-respected life. 1791 Paine Rights of Max (ed. 2)
1. 101 Reflecting how wretched was the condition of a dis-
respected man, 1876 G. Mereoitn Beanch. Career III. vi.
105 Treating her .. like a disrespected grandmother.
respectability (dis:/spektabi'liti). [f.
next + -ITY, after respectabilily.] The quality of
being disrespectable; the reverse of respectability.
1830 Lytton /’. Clifford vii, Committed .. to the House
of ction on the charge of disrespectability. 1848
‘THackeray Van, Fair \xiv, Her taste for disrespectability
grew more and more remarkable. 1893 W. WaLtace Sco?.
Yesterd, 60 Anoffice which had an odour of disrespectability.
Disrespectable (disrispektab'l), a. [D1s-
10.) The opposite of respectable; not worthy of
respect ; not in accordance with standards of re-
spectability.
1813 Examiner 22 Mar. 187/1 All distinction .. between
what is respectable and what is disrespectable would be
at an end. 1822 Scorr Niged xvi, Well acquainted with
the town .. but in a sort of disrespectable way. 1865 M.
Arnotp Ess. Crit. v. (1875) 223 Not only was he [Heine]
not one of Mr. Carlyle’s ‘respectable’ people, he was pro-
foundly disrespectaple.
Disrespe'cter. *ave.
-ER!.] One who disrespects.
1661 BoyLe Style Script. (1675) 149 There .. are but too
many witty disrespecters of the Scripture. x71 tr. Veren-
sels’ Disc. Logom. 127 The Disrespecters of the Antients.
Disrespectful (disr/spektfil), a. [f. Dis-
10 + RESPECTFUL, after disrespect.] ‘The opposite
of respectful ; full of or manifesting disrespect.
a 1677 Barrow Serm, Wks. 1687 I. xxiii. 316 Offended
with our injurious and disvespecital behaviour toward him.
1681 FE. Scrater Ser, at Putney 26 The least dis-respectfull
word is Rebellion. 1741 Ricuarnson Pamela II. 320,
I must say nothing..that is disrespectful or undutiful.
1859 Dickens 7. 7qwo Cities u. xii, 1 will hear no dis-
respectful word of that young lady from any lips. 1884
Sir J. Pearson in Law Times Rep. 11. 659/1 It would be
disrespectful to the Court of Appeal.
Jig. 1748 Whitehall Even, Post No. 405 Our Commerce
- still suffers much from these disrespectful Accidents.
Disrespe‘ctfully, adv. [f. prec. +-Ly *.] In
a disrespectful manner.
1671 CLARENDON //ist. Reb. 1x. § 110 The lord Wentworth
. talked very imperiously, and very disrespectfully .. to
some of the council. 19717 T. Howet Desiderius (ed. 3) 15
He has .. withdrawn from the publick Stage of the World,
where he has been disrespectfully treated. 1856 Frouve
Hist. Eng. 1. 277 Prohibiting ‘Tyndale’s Testament, in the
preface of which the clergy were spoken of disrespectfully.
Disrespe'ctfulness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.]
The quality or fact of being disrespectful.
1672 Life of F. Alleine v. (1838) 48 Bearing with their
dulness, rudeness, and disrespectfulness. 1863 Miss Brap-
pon ¥. Marchmont 11. x. 229, 1 seemed to feel as if it was
a sin and a disrespectfulness towards her to wear colours.
+ Disrespe‘ctive, ¢z. Ols. [f. Dis- 10+ Ke-
SPECTIVE; after d/svespect.] = DISRESPECTFUL.
1623 Witner //yins & Songs (1856) 33 Disrespective we
have been Of statutes, judgements, and decree. 1628 Dicpy
Voy, Medit. (1868) 54, 1 restored’ my principall masters
mate.,that I had turned before the mast for some disrespec-
tiue misdemeanour. 1735-6 Carre Ormonde 1, 325 This rash
and violent proceeding so disrespective to that nobleman.
Henee + Disrespectively adv., disrespectfully.
1636 Bratuwait Roman Emperors 360 He passed to
another life at Prague, disrespectively there inhumed.
+Disrespondency. 0¢s. rare. [Dis- 9.]
Absence of response ; the fact of not responding.
1657 Cokaine Oéstinate Lady u. ii, Why .. would you
engage So much yourself to any of that sex, As for a dis-
respondency to lay Violent hands upon yourself ?
+ Disre'st, 5. Ods. [Dis- 9.] The opposite
of rest; disquiet, unrest.
1567 ‘Tursery. Ovid's Ef. 19b, The sorer is the cruell
gaShe, and breedes the more disrest. 1668 Hower Bless.
Righteous (1825) 103 Free from any molestation from with-
out, or principle of disrest within. 1726 Amuerst 7erra
Fil. xxxiii. 177 Violence, disrest, and an ill name, will be
the rewards of your folly and obstinacy.
+ Disre'st, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 7a + Rest sd.]
trans, a. To remove or dislodge from a place of
rest. b. To deprive of rest ; to disturb.
1696 in Church PAilip’s War (1967) 11. 123 An Expedition
to attack that Fort, and to disrest and remove the Enemy
from that Post. 1726 Pennactow /nd. Wars (1859) 52 Our
frontiers at home were as much disrested as ever,
Disrestore v.: see Dis- 6.
+ Disre'verence, v. O’s. [Dis- 6 or 7a.]
trans. The opposite of ¢o reverence ; to treat with
irreverence ; to deprive of reverence,
1529 More Dyalogue mi. 84/1 To se his maieste dis-
reuerenced. 1608 W. ScLATER Malachy (1650) 45 ‘That we
pollute not nor disreverence the Name G @ 1670 Hacker
Abp. Williams 1. (1692) 127 How is His glory dis-reverenced
over all this land ?
rewa'rd, v. [Dis- 6 or 7a.] érans. To
reverse the act of rewarding ; to deprive of reward.
1640 Quartes Enchirid. 1. xcvi, Beware of Pride..it dis-
rewards goodnesse in it selfe, by vain glory.
+ Disrie‘gled, ppt. a. Obs. [f. OF. desretglé
‘vnrulie, disord .. vnbridled’ (Cotgr.) + =ED'.
Cf. ReGLe v.] Unruly, unregulated, outrageous.
1638 Penit. Conf. (1657) 342 It is a necessary duty to cut
off enormity and disriegiod inordinances.
[f. Disrespecr v. +
|
502
Disrobe (disréub),v. Also 6-7-roab. [D1s-
6 or 7a. Cf. OF. desrober in same sense.]
1. “rans. To divest or strip of a robe or garment ;
to undress, strip. Const. of, from.
1590 Spenser /. Q. 1. iii. 17 The holy Saints of their rich
vestiments He did disrobe. 1595 Suaks. Yohn u. i. 147 He
.. That did disrobe the Lion of that robe. 1601 — ¥u/. C.
1. i. 69 Disrobe the Images. 1638 Sir T, Hersert 7rav.
(ed. 2) 236 One holds po asecond disroabs him. 1648
Mayne Amorous War ww. vi, Disrobe your upper parts.
1725 Pore Odyss. xx. 312 Dis-rob’d, their vests apart in order
lay. 1847 Tennyson Princ. Concl. 117 Lilia Disrobed the
glimmering statue of Sir Ralph From those rich silks.
2. refl. and intr. To divest oneself of clothing ;
to undress.
1581 Muccaster Positions xxxiv. (1887) 122 They disrobed
themselues, and were chafed with a gentle kinde of rubber.
1603 Order Coronation Fas. / in Maskell Mon. Rit. (1846-7)
III. 109 note, The king. . there disrobeth himself of his upper
garments. sad Pore /éiad v. 904 Pallas disrobes. pf oad
Craspe Sir E. Grey xx, They make the hypocrite disrobe.
1883 Gitmour A/ongols xviii. 211 You will notice as they
disrobe, that each and all wear at their breast charms.
3. transf. and fig. To divest, strip.
1592 Nobody §& Someb. in Simpson Sch. Shaks. 1. (1878)
299 Archigallo shall be deposd, And thou disroab’d of all
thy dignitie. 1638 Sir T. Hersert 7raz. (ed. 2) 330 Nut-
meg .. at full ripnesse disroabs it selfe, and discovers .. the
Mace. 1751 Smoitett Per. Pick. (1779) IV. cii. 321 Desire
to see her fair eyes disrobed of..resentment, 1878 G. Mac-
ponaLp Phantastes vii. 112 The very voice. .seemed to dis-
robe the room of the strange look.
Hence Disro‘bed ///. a.; Disro*bing vd/. sd.
and ff. a.
1794 Mrs. Piozz1 Synon. 11. 302 Writers who delight not
in disrobed meaning. 1813 SHettey Q. A/aé ix. 171 Fear
not..death’s disrobing hand. 1841 Lane Arad. Nts. I. 121
‘The first apartment is the .. disrobing room.
Disro‘bement. [f. Diskope+-ment.] The
action of disrobing or divesting of a covering.
1747 GouLp Eng. Ants 46 You may discern such Disrobe-
ments in the Cones of Silk-Worms. 1830 Blackw. Mag.
XXVIII. 875 Damon watches the process of disrobe-
ment.
Disro‘ber. [f. as prec.+-ER!.] One who or
that which disrobes.
1654 Gayton /’/eas, Notes 1. viii. 119 Disinchanters of
Negromancers, disrobers of gypsies. 1882 Sik P. Feuis in
Soctety 7 Oct. 18/1 The trees, swept bare by autumn’s gale
—That swift and merciless disrober.
Disroof (disr7-f), v. [Dis- 7a,] ¢rans. To
deprive of the roof; to unroof. Hence Disroo'fed
Ppl. a.
1837 Carty.e 77. Rev. IIL. v. vii. (1872) 208 Ghastly
chateaus stare on you by the wayside, disroofed, diswin-
dowed, 1871 J. C. Jearrreson Ann, Oxf. II. x. 154 The
disroofed and dismantled walls of the venerable fanes.
+ Disroom, v. Os. vare. In 5 dysrowme.
[f. Dis- 7¢+ Room sé.] ¢rans. ‘To displace.
1489 Caxton /aytes of A.1. xxiii. 71 Noon vpon peyne of
deth shall dysrowme hym self.
Disroost v.: see Dis- 7 c.
Disroot (disrzt), v. [f. Dis- 6 + Roor v.]
trans. ‘Yo pull up by the roots; to uproot, unroot.
1800 / rans. Soc. Encourag. Arts XVIII. 368 Pine-suckers
. having disrooted and plunged them into old dust of bark.
1849 /lorist 279 Repot the bottoms that have been dis-
rooted. 1876 Swinsurne Erechtheus (ed. 2) 178 And with
one hand disroot All tender flower and fruit.
b. transf. To dislodge (anything) from the
place where it is fixed.
1612 7wo Noble A. v. vi, When neither curb would crack
. nor differing plunges Dis-root his rider whence he grew.
1774 Goivsm. Vat. //ist. (1862) I. xii. 63 The sliding down
of a higher piece of ground, disrooted from its situation, 185¢
CartyLte Fredk, Gt. VILL. xvi. xii. 33 Daun .. could not
have disrooted Friedrich this season.
Hence Disroo'ting v//. sb. ; Disroo'ter, one who
disroots.
1826 Scott Yru/. 10 Oct., A kind of disrooting that recalls
a thousand painful ideas of former happier journeys. 1883
Encyel. Dict., Disrooter,
Disrow'nd, v. wonce-wd. [Dis- 8.] ¢rans.
To deprive of roundness or rotundity ; to unround.
1555 Watreman Fardle Facions 1. iii. 33 (They) are of
opinion that the circuite of the earth..disroundyng hym
self, shooteth out thre corner wise.
+ Disroutt, v. Obs. Also 6 disrought. [ad.
OF. desrouter (13th c. in Littré), mod.F, d&
router, f, des-, Dis- 4 + OF. route band, company.
Cf. Routzv.] a. trans. To put to rout. b, tutr.
To be put to rout; to break up, become scattered.
1525 Lo. Berners /rviss, IL. cxxxix. [cxxxv.] 389 If they
disrought and be out of ordre, they shall soone be taken vp.
1s92 Wyaiey Armorie 63, | appoint to you .. thence not
buge vnlesse you plainly vewe Vs to disrout, 1626 7yue
Relat. Stratagem in Arb. Garner 1, 608 The Black Prince
. disrouted their mighty armies. 1630 J. TayLor (Water P.)
World runs on Whee /s Wks. 1. 243/2 To disrowte their
enemies, breaking their rankes and order,
Disrou't, sb. Ods. rare. [a. OF. desroute rout,
disorder, mod.F. déroute, f. dérouter: see prec.)
The act of putting to rout; rout, defeat. ‘
1623 tr. Favine's Theat. Hon. u. xiii. 217 Were (after their
disroute) brought to Julius Caesar. ~
+ Disroy‘alty. Obs. nonce-wd. [f. Dis- 9 +
Royatty.] Undoing of royal dignity.
vn ad R. Johnson's Kingd. §& Commw. 210 Kings of Den-
sad e..have thought it no disroyaltie to set up divers manu-
factures,
DISRUPTION.
Disruddered, #//. a. rare. [Dis- 7a] De-
prived of the rudder.
a@1788 in Croft Let. to Pitt on Fohnson’s New Dict.
At the raqeth of oxy nddicsonal weeds 1 ted dieatdorae
‘their gait like to that of a di ship’. .
+ Disrwlily, adv. Obs. In 4 disrewlilye.
[f next +-Ly 2.) In an unruly manner.
ce 1400 Rom. Rose 4q00 [Youthe]. .makith hym love yvelle
as
companye, And lede his lyf disrewlil
t “ly, @. Obs. rare-°. [in ME. *disrewlie,
implied in prec. adv., a. OF, desrieulé unregulated,
— mod.F. cart Mi wse
1 vins Manip. 99/47 Disrulie, 7: i
Disrump (disry‘mp), v1 {ad. i. disrump-ére
(also dirumpére) to break into pieces, burst asunder,
f, Dis- 1+ 7umpére to break.] To break up, burst
asunder, Disrupt (¢rans. and intr.).
(In quot. 1661, with a play upon the Rump Parliament.)
1s8r ‘IT. Nuce Seneca’s Octavia ui. ii. 177 b, Let spouses
age And curteous bashfull shame disrumpe your rage. 1661
Sir H. Vane's Politics 16 U the sad pecan + ef that
Scotch Army, our forlorn Society .. became dis-rumped.
1886 Sat. Kev. 8 May 635/2 A caucus is a much worse
monster than a dragon. .and does not disrump so easily.
‘mp, v7.2 nonce-wd. [Dis-7a.] ¢rans.
To deprive of the ramp.
1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes w.v. 196 The Barber.. parts
with his taile-piece, and walks as one of the disrump’d
[printed dirump'd] Poultry. i
+ ‘mpent, a. Obs. [a. L. désrumpent-em,
pr. pple. of desrumpéere: see Disxump v.'!] That
bursts asunder.
1657 Tomuinson Revou's Disp. 391 Vested with a mem-
branous and frequently disrumpent barke. .
Disrupt (disry pt), ppd. a. [ad. L. disrupt-us,
pa. pple. of disrumpére : see DisruMp v.1 and cf.
Dirvrt.] Burst or broken asunder; broken up.
Chiefly as poetic fa. pple. = DISRUPTED.
I Batey (folio), Disrupt, broken or rent asunder.
1782 W. Stevenson Hymn to Deity 16 Behind a watery
cloud disrupt. 1850 Mrs. Browntnc Soul’s Travelling
viii, Though at your feet The cliff’s disrupt. 1885 G.
Merepitu Diana II. i. 3 Leaving them .. disrupt, as by
earthquake. : 3
Disrupt (disrypt), v. [f. L. désrupé- ppl. stem
of disrumpéere: see DisruMP v.! Except in single
quot. 1657, app. not in use before 19th c, Not in
J., T., R., nor Webster 1828. Cf. the rare Di-
RuPT.]
1. intr. To burst asunder. rare.
1657 Tomiinson Kenon's Disp. 668 Almonds..may be..
agitated. .over a slow fire, till the Involucrum disrupt.
. trans. To break or burst asunder ; to break in
pieces, shatter; to separate forcibly.
1817 Scoressy in Ann. Reg., Chron. 556 The most for-
midable fields .. become disrupted into a thousand arog
1849 7 ait's Mag. XV1. 423 We should .. disrupt the
‘TourGee Fool's Err, xxiii. 140 The attempt which was
¢ to disrupt the government. x as
Jig. 1865 Pall Mail G.1 June 11 His very religious and
chitseopitcal thinkings being constantly disrupted by some
whim or personal peculiarity. :
Hence Disrupted, Disru‘pting f//. ads.
1819 Blackw. Mag. 1V. 397 There is a cor and a har-
mony in the disrupted fragments of the cliffs. 1849 Dana
Geol. ii. (1850) 107 ‘These disrupting and transporting effects.
1876 Pace Adv. Text-Bk. Geol. iv. 84 When igneous matter
forces its way through the stratified rocks. .it is termed dis-
rupting. 1876 H. Spencer Princ. Sociol. (1877) 704 ‘There
come into play disrupting influences. 1879 A. AVIDSON
Expositor The reunion of the disrupted kingdom.
Bisra ble, a. rare. [f. Disrupt, +-ABLE.]
Capable of being disrupted. Hence Disrupta-
bility.
1820 C. R. Maturin Melmoth (1892) 111, xxx. 208 The
intense and disruptable feeling. 1893 Scott. Leader 11 Oct.
3 As many points of disruptability as the mariner's compass
AAS ints.
,-or, [See -ER |, -on.] One who
breaks up; one who causes disruption.
1881 Sat, Kev. 23 July 116/2 These eminent planes
had been passionate pe Bom id for the nationality of the
Church. 1886 Parnett in Pal? Mall G. 26 June 10/2 They
d d Mr. Glad: as a betrayer of his country and
a disruptor of the Empire. {
Disru'ptic, a. rare. [f. L. désrupt- (see Dis-
RUPT v.) + -IC.] Of or pertaining to the disrup-
tion or becabing., up (of organic structures).
1889 Gevpes & THomson Evol. of Sex 88 The ascending,
synthetic, constructive series of changes are tert ‘ana-
bolic’; the os mee disruptic series, ‘katabolic ’, “3
Disruption (disropjon). [ad. L. disruption-
em (diruption-em), n. of action from désrumpéere
to burst or break asunder.] :
1. The action of rending or bursting asunder;
violent dissolution of continuity; forcible sever-
ance, 4
Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 11. xvi. 145 Theophrastus. «
Pron - och .+ that upon a full and plentifull impletion there
may su a disruption of the matrix. ‘T. Burnet
Th. Earth 1. 16x These great earthquakes and disruptions,
that did such great execution upon the body of the earth,
r Kirwan Geol, Ess. 251 ‘These -— did not assume
the columnar form by crystallization, but by —— 2
Miss SCHIMMELPENNINCK tr. Zour LaG
ro At the sudden disruption of the masses of rock .
1866 Rocers Agric. § Prices 1. xxiii. 601 On the final dis-
ruption of Guienne from the English crown.
. DISRUPTIONIST.
2. A disrupted condition; a disrupted part or
place, a rent.
1760-72 tr, Fuan § Ulloa’s Voy. (ed, 3) II. 88 They. .rend
the earth, and at every shock leave it full of disruptions.
1852 Miss YonGe Cameos (1877) II. xxv. 233 In the time
of weakness and disruption. 1877 Moriey Crit. Alisc.,
Carlyle Ser. 1. (1878) 199 The whole polity of Europe was
left in such a condition of disruption as had not [etc. ]
3. spec. The Disruption: the name applied to
the great split in the Established Church of Scot-
land, 18th May 1843, when 451 ministers left that
Church and formed themselves into the Free Pro-
testing (afterwards, simply, the Free) Church of
Scotland.
The cause of their separation was the failure of the Church
to maintain its complete independence in matters spiritual
as against the interference of the Civil Courts (Court of
Session), for which the Evangelical party had carried on a
‘Ten Years’ Conflict’ against the ‘ Moderates’.
1843 CANDLISH Sfeech 30 Mar. in Life (1880) 293 All the
people are concerned in making preparation for that dis-
ruption which is now inevitable. /d/¢. 6 Sept. 315 The
Free Church, since the Disruption has in a wonderful man-
ner kept herself free from .. attacks on the existing Estab-
lishment. 1886 J. H. Bunt Dict. Sects 167/1 The standing
outside the Establishment for a quarter of a century has
much weakened the adherence .. to the original views
maintained at the Disruption.
attrib, 1871 J. Mackenzir Life Princ. Cunningham xv.
of The same contented cheerfulness dwelt in the poor abode
of every Disruption minister. /dé¢. 195 Dr. Cunningham
visited this district in November of the Disruption year.
Disru'ptionist. [f prec. + -1st.]} One who
favours disruption.
1886 Sat. Rev. 22 May 693/2 The disruptionists, with all
Trish sedition to back them, will be powerless. 1886
Atheneum 11 Sept. 331/2 As to the origin of the [Homeric]
poems Mr. Leaf seems to be a unionist by predilection, but
a moderate disruptionist by conviction.
attrib. 1882 Contemp. Rev. Sept. 458 Disruptionist ten-
dencies in some of the revolutionary schools of Russia,
Disruptive (disreptiv), a. [f. L. désrupt- ppl.
stem : see DISRUPT v. and -IVE.
1. Causing or tending to disruption ; bursting or
breaking asunder.
1862 J. Spence Amer. Union 92 None anticipated the
t disruptive force that now convulses the country. 1874
TuBBS Const. Hist. (1875) I. ix. 255 ‘The speedy demon:
ment of disruptive tendencies.
b. Electr. (See quots.)
1842-3 Grove Corr, Phys. Forces (1874) 80 The electrical
disruptive discharge, 1870 R. M. Fercuson Electr. 79 The
term disruptive discharge is applied to all cases where dis-
charge is accompanied with a disruption of the particles of
the dielectric. 1880 J. E. H. Gorvon Llectr. § Magn, (1883)
II, 187 It follows almost as a matter of course that all dis-
charges in rarefied air are equally disruptive and discon-
tinuous, 1892 Pall Mall G. 4 Feb. 6/3 Currents of still
higher frequency and potential are obtained by passing the
oat or disruptive discharge from a battery o! Uecaes jars
through the primary circuit of an induction coil.
2. Produced by disruption ; eruptive.
1876 Pace Adv. Text-Bk. Geol. vii. 128 The disruptive
character of these rocks.
Hence Disru'ptively adv.; Disru‘ptiveness.
1870 R. M. Fercuson Evectr, 87 They discharge into each
other disruptively. 1880 J. E.H. Gorpon Electr. §& Magn.
(1883) II. 186 The character which was found to be funda-
mental in sensitive discharges, viz., disruptiveness, is com-
mon to both kinds of discharge.
Disruptment. vare—'. [f. Disrupt v. +
-MENT.] Breaking off, disruption.
1834 Fraser's Mag. IX. 290 The disruptment of granite
blocks from the summit of x Blanc. &
Disrupture (disrzptii), sd. [f. Disrurr v.,
after Ruprure.] ‘The action of disrupting or burst-
ing asunder ; disruption.
1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 1.660 This disrupture discovered
the vein of yellow metal at a great depth. 1804 Watt in
Phil. Trans. XCHV. 308 Effected.. by the apparent dis-
rupture of rocks. 1828 Hist, Europe in Ann. Reg. 122/2
This disrupture of ordinary ties. 1884 Bower & Scott De
Bary’'s Phaner, 603 The consequent splitting and disrupture
of the medullary sheath,
Disrupture, v. [f. the sb.: cf. rapture vb.]
trans. To break off or asunder; to divide by a
tupture. Hence Disru-ptured Z//. a.
3828 WensteRr cites Med. Repos. for Disruptured. 18:
M. Scorr Cruise Midge (1859) 299 A huge mass of the
Rey cliff above was disruptured, 1838 Por A. G. Pym
ks. 1864 IV. 177 The ruins of the disruptured cliff. 1869
Contemp. Rev. X11. 184 These virtues exercise their bene-
ficent influence in each portion of the disruptured church,
Diss (dis). [a. Arab. Gwo dis, the native
name.] The Algerian name for a Mediterranean
grass, Ampelodesma (Arundo) tenax, the fibrous
stems of which are used for making cordage, ete.
1855 Sir W. Hooxer Reft. on Veg. Prod. at Paris Exhib.
UI. Algeria 35-7 Dis. 1871 Policy of Alliance Assur. Co.,
On Merchandise (excludin Esparto, Alpha or Alfa, Diss..
Petroleum, and all Mineral and Rock Oils and their liquid
products’. 1895 Guide to Museum of Econ, Bot., Kew No.2.
73 Biss.
issaf, -aiue, dissait(e, -at(e, obs. ff. Dz-
CEIVE, Decerrr.
~ Sc. Obs.
Deception, deceiving.
¢1470 Henry Wallace vy. 612 And -othir quhill he thocht
on his dissaiff.
+ Dissaivnt, v. Cds. [f. Dis- 6 or 7b + Sary7.]
[Sc. form of Dxcrrve.]
- self also was very much dis
503
trans. To make no longera saint; to remove from
the calendar of saints ; to unsaint.
1612 T. James Corrupt. Script. iv. 39 They may as well
dissaint him hereafter (as saint him now).
Dissaisin, obs. Sc. form of DissEIsIN.
+ Dissa‘lt, v. Ods. [Dis- 72.] trans. To free
from salt.
1706 Puittirs (ed, Kersey), Dissalted, cleared from Salt,
made fresh. _17ax in BarLey.
Dissar, Dissard(e, var. Disour, Dizzarp.
Dissatisfaction (disscetisfekfan). [f. Drs-
9 + Satisraction.] The fact or condition of |
being dissatisfied ; discontent ; ‘ want of something
to complete the wish’ (J.).
1640 in Rushw. //ist. Co/?. us. (1692) I. 52 When .. the
Spanish Armada appeared in the Downs, to the great fear
and dissatisfaction of the City. 1648 Cromwe.t Let. 25 Nov.,
The dissatisfaction you take at the ways of some good men,
1791 Mrs. Rapciirre Rom. Horest i, ‘The chance of future
trouble .. occasioned some dissatisfaction. 1868 Dickens
Lett, (1880) II, 335 He .. concluded (as usual) by giving
universal dissatisfaction.
b. (with 7.) A feeling or expression of dissatis-
faction or discontent.
¢ 1640 SANpERSON in Walton Lif App. i, From the reading
of it I went away with many and great dissatisfactions.
1662 H. More Philos. Writ, Pref. Gen. 12 Concerning
my /mmortality of the Soul, 1 shall take notice only of
these two Dissatisfactions. 1723 Biackmore 77ae /Tist.
Conspir, Pref. A viija, The Conspirators .. ingrafted their
Treason on Public Dissatisfactions,
ce. A cause or occasion of dissatisfaction or dis-
content ; a dissatisfactory circumstance.
1702 W. J. Bruyn’s Voy. Levant \xvii. 242 They had..the
dissatisfaction of being obliged to return home, without
having seen the Antiquities of Tadmor,
Dissatisfactory (disscetisferktori), @ — [f.
Dis- to + Satisracrory.] Not satisfactory ;
causing dissatisfaction or discontent; unsatisfac-
1779 ‘I
Writ. (1893) II. 189 Their conduct. .has been so d
tory to the French minister that [etc.]. 1846 ‘THACKERAY
Crit. Rev. Wks. 1886 XXIII. 96, I don’t know anything
more dissatisfactory and absurd.
Hence Dissatisfa'ctoriness, the quality or con-
dition of being dissatisfactory.
1677 Hace Contenpl. u. 5 The shortness and uncertainty
of sensible Enjoyments .. their Poorness, Emptiness, Insuf-
ficiency, Dissatisfactoriness.
Dissatisfied (dissx'tisfaid), ps7. a. [f. Drs-
SATISFY + -ED!.] Deprived of satisfaction; dis-
pleased; disquieted by the fecling of the insuffi-
ciency or inadequacy of something.
1675 tr. Camden's Hist. Eliz. an. 1599 [Essex] him-
atisfied and displeased that
the queen had. .conferred on Sir Robert Cecyl the gainfull
office of master of the wards. 1680 in Hacke Codlect. Voy.
11, (1699) 15 Very grateful to our dissatisfied Minds. a1704
T. Brown Two Oxf Scholars Wks. (1730) 1. 2 Infinitely
dissatisfy’d with several things in the Church of England.
1827 Lytron Pelham v, 1 had no reason to be dissatisfied
be 4 my success. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) III. 227 Glaucon
.- was dissatisfied at Thrasymachus’ retirement.
b. Exhibiting or expressing dissatisfaction.
1800 Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Fam. IV. 192 Lord Mira-
mont’s dissatisfied looks, and sullen silence. 1842 BARHAM
Ingol. Leg., Row in Onnibus, With a gloomy brow and
dissatisfied air. 1883 O'Donovan A/ery xxiv. 298 The
horses were standing around in dissatisfied silence.
Hence Dissa‘tisfiedly adv., in a dissatisfied
manner, with dissatisfaction; Dissa‘tisfiedness,
the condition of being dissatisfied, dissatisfaction.
1710 R. Warp Life of H. More 147 Seasons of Perplexity
and Dissatisfiedness. 1805 Mrs. INcHBaLD 70 Marry, or
uot in Br. Theatre 3, Hester. Oh Madam .. forgive this
intrusion .. A/rs, M7. My dear, I must forgive all you do.
(Dissatisfiedly.) 1880 Ruova Broucuton Sec. 7: 1. viii,
She remains dissatisfiedly mute.
Dissatisfy (disse'tisfai), v. [f. Dis- 6 + Sa-
‘TISFY v.] ¢vans. To deprive of satisfaction, to
render unsatisfied ; to fail to satisfy or fulfil the
Cesires or wishes of ; to displease, discontent, make
unquiet in mind. Also aésol.
1666 Perys Diary 23 July, The French are not yet joined
with the Dutch, which do dissatisfy the Hollanders. 1673
Lady's Call. 1, § 2 ¥ 9. 68 Denying her self even the most
innocent liberties, if she see they dissatisfy him. a 1726
Cottier (J.), The advantages of life will not hold out to
the length of desire, and, since they are not big enough to
satisfy, they should not be big enough to dissatisfy, 1806
Lp. Grenvitte in Dk, Buckhm, Crt. § Cad. Geo. 177, (1855)
IV. 9 Doing enough to dissatisfy my own mind, and always
too little to satisfy theirs. "1865 M. Arnotp ss. Crit. viii.
(2875) 319 In all his production how much there is to dis-
satisfy us,
Hence Dissa‘tisfying f//. a., that fails to satisfy,
or renders unsatisfied.
1709 STEELE Zatler No. 180 ® 6 To follow such dissatis-
fying Pursuits. 1809 CoLrrince Friend (1866) 338 After
long and dissatisfying toils.
Dissa‘turate, v. [Dis- 6.] trans. To free
(anything) of that with which it is saturated.
1866 LoweLL Swindurne’s Trag., Pr. Wks. (1890) II. 137
We cannot so dissaturate our minds of it.
+ Dissa-vage, v. Obs. [Dis--8.] trans. To
bring out of a savage condition; to tame, to
civilize,
DISSECT.
3631 Cuarman Casar § Pompey 1. (D.), Those wilde
kingdomes.. Which I dissavag’d and made nobly ciuill.
Dissave, -awe, -ayf, -ayte, etc, obs. ff. Dr-
CEIVE, DECEIT, ete.
Dissaventure, var. of Disapventunr, Ods.
Disscatter, var. of Discarren v. Ods.
Dissceptre (dissepto1),v. Also 7 disceptre,
6-7 -er. [f. Dis- 7a+4Sceprre sb.) dvans. ‘Yo
deprive of the sceptre, or of kingly authority.
1591 Syivester Du Bartas 1, vi. 615 Rebellious Flesh,
whose rest-less Treason Strives to dis-throne and to dis-
scepter Reason, 1610 T. Gopwin Moses § avon 1, xiii.
61 Prevent a possible deposing or disceptring. 1656 S. H.
Gold, Law 55 ‘Vhis .. people have de-thron’d, uncrown'd,
and dis-cepter'd me. 1886 W. ALEXANDER St. Angustine'’s
Holiday 216 Disrobed, dissceptred. .discrown'd,
Dissch, obs. form of Disu.
Dissease, obs. form of Decrasrk, DIsrase.
+ Dissea‘son, v. Ols. Also 7 diseason.
I. [f. Dis- 6+ Season v.]
1. ¢rans, To take away or change the flavour of.
1583 SranyHurRsT Aevers 1. (Arb.) 23 Foorth do they lay
vittayls, with storme disseasoned heauy [Ceverem corrup-
tam undis), 1613 JACKSON Creed 1. § 15 Seeing
no hope of diseasoning the old and w ed stockes, fit
fewell for everlasting flames. 1615 G. Sanpys 77a7. 106
(The Red Sea]. .would either drowne the countrey, or else
by mixing with the Nilus, disseason his waters.” 1621 a
Ovid's Met. xv. (1626) 295 An olive wild, which bitter fruit
affords, Becomes dis-seasned with his bitter words.
2. ‘lo deprave the sense of taste of. rare.
1625 W. B. 7rue School War Vo Rdr. 4 Like some
Disseasoned Palats, thou doost nauseate at Plentie.
II. [f. Dis- 7 + Season sd.]
3. To render out of season, make unseasonable.
@ 1628 FY, Grevitte Poems Monarchy v, Wks. Grosart I.
197 The second light of government, Which stories yield,
and no timé can disseason,
Disseat (diss7t',v. [f. Dis- 6 or 7¢ + Sra
v. or sb.] trans. To remove or eject from or as
from a seat; to unseat ; to remove from where it
is seated or situated. Hence Dissea'ted ///. a.
[That quot. 1605 belongs to this word is doubtful.]
[1605 Suaxs. A/acd. v. iii. 21 his push Will cheere me
euer, or dis-eate [Fo. 2, 3, 4 disease] me now.] 1612. 77
Noble Kv. iv, The hot horse. .seekes all foule meanes .. to
dis-seate His lord, that kept it bravely. 1648 J. Goon-
Win Right §& Aight 21 ‘The disseated Parliament-men.
1684 tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. xvi. 548 ‘Vhe Morbifick
matter being disseated. 1822 C. O'Conor Chron. Eri 1.
p. xxxi, This mighty conqueror who had dis-seated so many
kings. 1833 Lams £é/a Ser. un. Barrenness Mod. Art,
Disseat those woods and place the same figu mong foun-
tains..and you have a—Naiad! 1866 Dasly Tel, 22 Feb.
4/5 Application --made. .to disseat the member returned.
4¢ Di'ssecate, Vv. Obs. Tare. [é Le Isseca-1e
to cut in pieces, as if from a ppl. stem disseca/- (cf.
fut. pple. seca@tiiras) instead of the actual form
dissect-.] =Dissect v. So + Disseca‘tion = I1s-
SECTION,
1615 Jackson Creed iv. § 1. vii. $12 The anatomist’s knife
did lance and dissecate her living members. 1632 ‘I’, Nasu
Quaternio Ep. Ded., ‘The Apothecary in his drugges, the
anatomist in his dissecations.
+ Disse‘cret, v. Obs. rave. [f. Dis- 8 +Srcrer
a.] “trans. To deprive of secrecy, bring to light. ~
1640 G. Warts tr. Bacon's Adv. Learn. xiii. $§ 5 We must
not put too much confidence, either in the concealeing our
own designes, or the dissecreting the designes of the enimy,
Dissect (disekt), v. [f. L. déssect- ppl. stem
of dissecare, {. Dis- 1 + secave to cut.]
1. “rans. To cut asunder, cut in pieces, divide by
cutting. /7¢. and fig. (Now more or less associated
with 2 and 3.)
1607 TorseLt Serpents (1653) 621 Young Chickens being
dissected or cut in pieces when they are warm, ought to be
laid to the stinged part. 1624 Massincer /ar?. Love 1. Vv,
To dissect thee, Eat thy flesh off with burning corrosives ..
were justice, 1638 Sir ‘I’. Herbert 7'vav. (ed. 2) 178 Hee
that dissected Gordions knot. 1783 W. F. Martyn Geog.
Mag. 11. 131 This eminence is dissected into six terraces.
1805-17 R. Jameson Char. Min. 166 ‘The manner of dis-
secting this prism. 1886 F, B. Jevons in ¥rnd. Hellenic
Stud. VII. 292 The aggregationists before them undertook
to dissect the Iliad into its constituent lays.
2. spec. To cut up (an animal body, a plant, ete.)
for the purpose of displaying the position, struc-
ture, and relations of the various internal parts; to
anatomize.
1611 FLorio, Disse¢tare, to desect or cut as an Anatomie.
1615 Crooke Body of Man 1. ix. (1631\, ‘They say, he
{Galen] hath giuen vs onely the Anatomy of bruit Beasts,
and not of Man, hauing neuer dissected a Mans body.
1671 Grew Anat. Plants 1. i. § 3 (1682) 2 If we take a Bean
and dissect it. 1724 Swirr Reasons agst. Exam. Drugs
Wks. 1755 II. 1. 127 The power given to physicians to
dissect the bodies of malefactors, 1867 Emerson May-day,
etc. Wks, (Bohn) III, 422 ‘T'wo doctors in the camp Dis-
sected the slain deer.
absol. 1678 Butter //ud. 11. iii. 477 Anatomists dissect
and mangle, To cut themselves out work to wrangle. 1879
E. A. Davinson in Cassedd’s Techn. Educ. u. 70 ‘The teacher
should obtain heads, hearts, &c. of sheep, oxen and other
animals, and dissect in the presence of the boys.
b. Zo dissect out: to excise (an organ ora dis-
eased part) so as not to remove any adjoining part
with it.
1864-70 T. Hormes Syst. Surg. 11. 119 In dissecting out
the cyst. 1894 Lancet 3 Nov, 1030, I made an incision. . from
DISSECTED.
the mouth over the prominent cyst wall and dissected the
tumour out..The wall of the cyst was so thin that when
nearly dissected out it ruptured.
3. fig. and transf. To take to pieces, so as to lay
bare every part ; to examine minutely part by part,
to analyze ; to criticize in detail.
@ 1631 Donne in Select. (1840) 114 That soul that is dis-
sected and anatomized to God. 1647 CLarenvon /Yist. Reb.
1. § 64 Persons of all conditions took great license in .. dis-
secting all his infirmities. 1 Dryven Persius Sat. 1,
Yet old Lucilius never fear’d the times; But lash’d the
city, and dissected crimes. 1850 Kincstey A/¢. Locke i,
I never could dissect and map out my own beng. or my
neighbour's as you analysts do. 1869 Rocers Pref. to
Adam Smith's iV. N. 1.43 He dissected the pretensions of
the great East India Company. 1875 Jowett P/ato (ed. 2)
IV. 413 No other thinker has ever dissected the human
mind with equal patience and minuteness.
+ 4. To analyze (chemically). Ods.
1808 J. Bartow Columb, w. 456 O'er great, o’er small
extends his physic laws, Empalms the empyrean or dissects
ae raeont
. Business. To analyze an invoice or account
of goods bought or sold, picking out the various
items, and allotting them to the special depart-
ments to which they severally belong.
See Dissectine 707. sd, ;
Disse'cted, ///. a. LE ee +-ED 1.]
1. That has been cut up, divided into pieces, or
anatomized,
Dissected map or picture, a map or picture mounted
on a thin board and divided into variously shaped parts, to
be put together as an exercise or puzzle.
1634 Six T. Hersert 7rav. 184 Laying upon each piece
of the dissected Betele, a little Arecca, 1638 /d7d. (ed. 2) 31
Not to be-entred but by a long narrow dissected pa or
trench. 1667 PAil. Trans. I1. 628 A dissected Head of
a Sharke. 1824 Cot. L. Stannore Greece 10 She [Greece]
is like a dissected map in the hands of children, all the
pieces are there, but the children cannot make them _ fit.
18.. Ruskin (O.), Or must every architect invent a little
piece of the new style, and all put it together at last like
a dissected map?
2. Of a divided form or structure; sfec. in Bot.
(of leaves): Cut into many deep lobes; much
divided.
1652 GauLe Magastrom, 185 A little chin signes one
envious .. a dissected and retorted chin, libidinous. 1872
Ouiver Elem, Bot, u. 182 ‘Vhe finely-dissected leaves of
Fennel. 1884 Henrrey “vem, Bot. (ed. 4) 62 When the
leaves are subdivided a fourth time, or even where tripin-
natisect leaves have filiform segments, the term dissected is
usually employed.
Dissectible (disektib'l), a. rare. [f. L. dis-
sect- ppl. stem (see the vb.) + -BLE.] Capable of
being dissected.
1802 Patey Nat. Theol. ix. Wks. 1830 IV. ror Keill has
reckoned up, in the human body, four hundred and forty-
six muscles dissectible and describable.
Dissecti (dise*ktin), v6d. sb, [f. Dissect
+ -InG!.] The action of the verb Dissrcr. a.
gen, and Anat.: see Dissect 1-3. b. Business:
see DISSECT 5.
1888 Daily Tel. 24 Aug. 7/8 Junior clerk wanted. Must |
be used to draper's counting house, and understand dissect-
ing. 1893 Daily News 16 May 87 To Drapers.—Young
lady wants re-engagement as Cashier and Bookkeeper.
Used to dissecting.
e. attrib. and Comb., as in dissecting-forceps,
-hnife, -microscope, -room (i.e, used in anatomical
dissection); dissecting-clerk, one employed in
analyzing invoices and accounts of goods sold.
I Goocn Treat. Wounds 1. 176 Raising the vessel
a little .. with the point of the knife and dissecting forceps.
1854 R. Wittis Xefort in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886)
II]. 168 The present Dissecting-room of the Professor is
removed altogether. 1882 Seryt. BALLANTINE Exper, ii. 15
Gaining a living by supplying the dissecting-table with its
_ subjects. 1884 Lucyct. Dict. (Cassell), Dissecting-
clerk.
Disse'cting, 7//. a.
That dissects.
1854-67 C. A. Harris Dict. Med. Terminol., Dissecting
abcess, an abcess which insinuates itself between muscles,
separating them from each other. /éid., Dissecting Aneur-
ism, an aneurism in which the inner and middle coats of
the artery are ruptured, and the blood passes between them
and the outer coat. 1891 Anthony's Photogr. Bull. IV. 61
Brought to the dissecting eye of the prying student.
Dissection (dise'kfon). [ad. L. déssection-em,
n, of action from dissecare; used in med. or mod.L.
Perhaps immed. a, F. d¢ssection (Paré, 16th c.).]
+1. The action or process of cutting asunder or
in A aig division by cutting. Ods.
x Cotcr, Dissection, a dissection; a cleauing in
peeces. 1644 Miron Aveof.(Arb.) 70 There must be many
schisms and many dissections made in the quarry and in
the timber, ere the house of God can be built. 1669 Gate
Crt. Gentiles . 1. ix. 141 As to the Dissection [after sacri-
fice], it was not made rashly, but with great Art. ney
Cowrer ask vi. 420 The spaniel dying for some venial
fault, Under dissection of the knotted scourge. :
2. spec. The methodical cutting up of an animal
or a plant, for the purpose of displaying its internal
structure.
1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. v. § 12 (1873) 43 Thus have
I described and opened, as by a kind of dissection, those
peccant humours. 1615 Crookr Body of Max 1. ix, Living
dissections (as we call them) are then put in vse when we
would find out some action or vse of a part which by the dead
[f. as prec. + -1NG 2.]
504
carkasse cannot be discerned. 1671 Grew Anat. Plants 1.i.
§ 28 (1682) 6 What Dissection cannot attain, yet an ocular
inspection in hundreds of other seeds .. will demonstrate.
1758 Jounson /dler No. 17 ® 8, 1 know not that by living
d ions, any di y has been made by which a single
malady is more easily cured. Hr. Martineau /zst.
Peace w. xiv. (1877) ILL. 134 Murders for the sake of selling
bodies for dissection. 1881 Huxvey in Nature No. 615. 347
For hundreds of years. .the dissection of human bodies was
impeded, and anatomists were confined to the di: ion of
dead animals. © .
3. The action of separating anything into elemen-
tary or minute parts for the purpose of critical
examination ; a ‘taking to pieces’, a minute ex-
amination; detailed analysis or criticism.
1642 Mitton A fol, Smect. § 4 Thus ends this Section, or
rather dissection of himself short ye will say both in breath
and extent. 1654 WxitLock Zootomia 405 In the particular
Dissection of mens Actions. 1 Mokse Amer. Geog. 11.
158 It is perhaps the best dissection of the human mind, that
hath sore in modern times, 1867 Deutscn in Rem,
we 1 Dissections of dogma and legend and ceremony.
+4. Chemical analysis. Ods.
1605 Timme Quersit, 1. xiii. 63 Mercury is extracted out
of euery thing, first of all in his dissection or seperation into
a watery vapour. 1794S. Wittiams lermont go By accu-
rate dissection .. it has been found that this ill scented fluid
is entirely distinct from the urine.
5. Business. The analysis of invoices and ac-
counts, in order that the various items may be
entered to the account of the special departments
to which they belong: see DIssEctT v. 5.
6. concr. That which has ‘been cut asunder or
dissected, or is in a dissected condition ; anything
which isthe result or produce of dissecting.
1581 Sipney Afol. Poetrie (Arb.) 48 All his [the Poet's]
kindes are not onlie in their vnited formes, but in their
seuered dissections fully commendable.
7. attrib. and Comb,
1847 W. Reeves Eccl. Antig. 66 note, The Dissection.
room panic caused many to resort to this place. 1889
Houxtey in Pall Mall G. 2 May, None of the ordinary
symptoms of dissection poison supervened.
Dissective (disektiv), a. [f. L. type *d¢ssec-
tivus (cf. sectivus), f. dissect- ppl. stem: see -1VE.]
Characterized by or having the quality of dissect-
ing ; serving to dissect.
1860 Dickens Let/. (ed. 2) II. 110 The three people who
write the narratives in these proofs have a dissective pro-
perty in common, 1861 Witson & Geikie Mem. E. Forbes
v. 142 They were plainly anatomical dissective knives.
Dissector (dise*kta1). Also-er. [agent-n. in
L. form, from L. dissecare to Dissect. Cf. F. dis-
secteur.] One who dissects, esp. anatomically.
1578 Banister //ist. Man 1. 22b The most famous dis-
sectors, and princes of Anathomy. 161§ Crooke Body of
Man 306 A most expert Chyrurgion, and the ordinary
dissecter to the Colledge of Physitians at Monpelier. 1645
Evetyn Diary, The theatre [at Padua] for anatomie .. 1s
excellently contriv’d both for the dissector and spectators.
1794 European Mag. XXV. 454 Mr. Jones, dissector to St.
Bartholomews Hospital. 1819 7”. O. Lond. Direct. 305 Map-
mounter and Dissecter. 1839 CartyLe Chartism vii. in
Misc. (1872) VI. 153 A determined despiser and dissector of
cant. 1847 Emerson Repr. Men, Swedenborg Wks (Bohn)
I. 316 Unrivalled dissectors..had left nothing for scalpel
or microscope to reveal in human or comparative anatomy.
Dissees(e, obs. form of Dreckask, DISEASE.
Disseise, disseize (dissiz), v. Forms: 4
| disseyse(-ceyse, 4-5 desese), 5-6 dis-,dyssease,
(5 dysease, 6 decess, disseaze, -eize), 6-7 dis-
seyze, 6- disseise, disseize. [ME. a. AF. dis-
setsir, = OF. dessaisir to dispossess, f. des-, Dis 4 +
saisir to put (one) in possession, to take possession
of, to Seize. In Pr. dessacir; med.L. dissasire,
-sastre, -sasiare, also dissatstre, -seistre, -setstare
from OF.: see SEIze.]
1. “rans. Law. To put out of actual seisin or
possession ; to dispossess (a person) of his estates,
etc., usually wrongfully or by force; to oust.
Const. of (+ from). Also reft.
(r2x5 Mfagna Carta xxxix, Nullus liber homo capiatur
vel imprisonetur aut disseisiatur [1217 ‘wserts (c. xxxv) de
libero’tenemento suo vel libertatibus). .nisi, per legale judi-
cium parium suorum, 1% Brirron u. xi. § 2 ui est
proprement disseisi ai a tort est engetté de acun tenement,
R, Brunne Chron. (1810) 250 Our kyng Sir Edwarc
.. Disseised him self of alle, sald it to Sir Jon, Bot Jon his
homage salle mak or he be gon. 1357 Lay Folks Catech. 252
In case that we have. Dagan | and willfalli gert our euen
cristen. .falsly be desesed of land or of lithe. ¢1450.S¢. Cuth-
éert (Surtees) 7518 Of pair gudes falsly dissesid. Fapyan
Chron, vi, cxlix. 136 He .. vexyd and dystour! vore the
duke and lorde of that countrey .. lastly disceasyd hym of
that lordeshyp. 1540 Act 32 //en. VI/T, ¢. 7.87 Tes.
personnes .. be dysseased, Jelcved, wronged, or otherwyse
ut from their lawfull inheritance. 16a8 /e/it. fo King in
ushw, //ist. Coll. (1659) I. 589 By the Statute called, The
great Charter of the Liberties of England, It is declared
and enacted; That no Freeman may be taken or impri
or be disseised of his Freeholds or Liberties, or his free
Customs. 1641 [see Disse:sin 1}, 1818 Cruise Digest
(ed. 2) I. 190 If a tenant in tail discontinues in fee, after-
wards marries, disseises the discontinuee, and dies seised ;
his wife shall not have dower, 1819 I. Miner A/ilner’s
Hist, Ch. Christ (1824) 1V. 115 Wicliff asserted that tem-
poral lords and patrons had a right to disseize the church
of her 1 in case of misbehaviour 5
2. transf. and fig. a. To dispossess, deprive, rob;
to deliver, rid (of anything).
per recog’
DISSEISIN. :
c Cast. Love 1088 He ne from wo disseysed be.
od er be declared how that
1602 Carew Cornwad/ 22 a, The Foxe planteth his dwelling
i cliffe .. as in a maner it falleth out a matter
+b. To oust, expel. Obs, -
May Lucan vu. 655 Through many wounds his life
disseized, fled. Hosses i oo 444 They..With
Hence Dissei‘sed Fo a., Dissei‘sing v0/. sb.
Corer., Lg) regen ad tr. Machiavelli's
Prince vii, (Rtldg. 1883) 50 All the disseized lords .. he put
todeath. 1682 Eng. Elect. Sheriffs 18 If there be but the
least flaw against them to the dis-seizing them
of their Rights.
ise, obs. form of DecEasg, DisEASE.
1648 Symmons Vind. Chas. J, 98 The Honour of .. our
disseised Queen,
Disseisee, -zee (dissiz7). Law. Also 6 -i,
-ie, -ye. [f. DIssEISE v. + -EE; but the earlier
form in -ze represented OF. dessaisi pa. pple. ‘dis-
seised’.] One who is disseised of his estate: cor-
relative to D1SSEISOR.
(1377 Act 1 Rich. 11, c. 9 Et eient desore les disseisiz lour
recoverer vers les primers disseisours.] 1§40 Act 32 Hen.
VIII, c. 33 The disseisye or suche other personnes as ..
be thereby clerely excluded of their entre. 1574 tr. Little.
ton's Tenures 63a, If the disseysi by his deede release al
his righte .. to one of the disseisoures. West 2nd
Pt. Symbol., Chancerie § 37 This release doth confirme his
estate which the disseisee might else have defeated. 1602
Futsecke 1st Pt. Paradd. 67 If the disseisie oute the dissei-
sor with force. 17ax St. German's Doctor & Stud. 98 It is
devised that the Disseissee shall release his right in the
land. 1875 Poste Gaius 1v. § 162 Restitution of seisin to
a disseisee.
Disseisin, disseizin (dissi‘zin), sd. Forms:
4 dysseysyne, 6 disseysin(e, -sceysen, -seissen,
-sesin, -seison, -seizon, -season, dys-, 6-7 dis-
seizen, 7 Sc. dissaisin), 6- disseisin, 8- dis-
seizin. [a. AF. disse’sine=OF. dessatsine (11th
c.), f. des-, Dis- 4 + satstne, seisine, SEISIN, SASINE,
formal possession, deriv. of saésir to Seize. (In
med.L. déssaisina, springer ys,
1. Law. The act or fact of disseising ; privation
of seisin; usually, the wrongful dis ion (by
forcible entry or otherwise) of the lands, etc. of
another: since 15thc. not used of movable goods,
nor in cases in which the dispossessed person was
tenant at will or tenant for years.
(1167 Pipe Roll 12 Hen, 11,65 Dissaisina super assisam
regis. © Barrron u. i. § + Homme a tort engitté ou
patie a peysible ioun de soen fraunc tenement.
Et cele violence est apelé disseisine et fresche force.) 1§11-
12 Act 3 Hen. V/1/, c. 18 Preamb., Wrytte of entre uppon
disseysen in the post before the Justices .. of his Comen
Benche. 1574 tr. Littleton's Tenures 57, Disseisin is
properly where a man entreth into anye ; or tene-
mentes where his entre is not leful, and putteth him out y*
hath the franke tenement. 1641 Termes de la Ley 13
Disseissin upon Disseisin is when the Disseisour is disscised
by another. 1670 Buounr Law Dict., Disseisin is of two
sorts, either Simple Disseisin, committed by day without
force and arms, Or Disseisin by Force, for w! see De-
forceor and Fresh Disseisin, 1767 Bua Comm. I.
195 A disseisin ee | a deprivation of that actual seisin, or
corporal freehold the lands, which the tenant ore
enjoyed. 1861 F. Hatt in ¥rnl. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 10
The disseizor, and .. the abettor of disseizin. Poste
Gaius w. Comm. (ed. 2) 631 It is certain that this inter-
dict is not available for disseisin of movables. 1886-F. W.
Marrianp in Law e Rev. Oct. 485 The rightful tenant can
be disseised, though the lord be not privy to the disseisin.
1889 J. lb. Ames in Harvard Law Kev. 111. 23 The word
* disseisin’.. was rarely used with reference to personalty.
b. Novel, new, fresh disseisin: disseisin of fresh
or recent date. Assise of Novel Dissetsin: an
ordinance of Henry II, establishing an action at
law for the recovery of the seisin of land by one
who had himself been recently dispossessed ; also
the action thus established.
[c 1250 Bracron 164 b, De beneficio principis succurritur ei
iti isae novae disseisi multis vigiliis
cyoomieate et inv ul ex 42 eS O Lig om
ing. Gilds 361 wryt pat me pledeth in tee, by-
astyems, fn chat baylyues of pe towne, bep empne
wrytes of newe dysseysyne. [1383 Act 7 Rich. //, c. 10
Item est ordei i Novele Dissei-
sine soit desore grante & faite de rent aderiere.) 1§23 Frrz-
HERB, Surv, xi. (1539) y ‘The kynges wrytte of assise of
nouell disseison. 1609 Skene Keg. Alaj., Stat, Robert 1,
22 He sall not tine nor amit his action or recoverance be
the briefe of Novell dissaisin: sa lang as he pay es the
ur leueand: or anie man committer of dissais-
ing, or was p at the mitting t
Law Dict., hich pry ~— a ee which
a man ma’ to defeat of himself, his own power,
without and which is not
‘
DISSEISIN,
turned out of possession, 1895 Pottock & Martianp /is¢,
Eng. Law 1, 124 Henry .. issued an ordinance and insti-
tuted a procedure: ordinance and procedure alike were
known as the assize of novel disseisin. —
+2. ¢ransf. and fig. Dispossession. Obs.
1586 Ferne Blas. Gentrie 214 Ministers of the Gospell to
whome the keys of right do apperteine (for the others did
by dissesin and tort hold possession of them) may execute
that authoritie of the keys with all feare and diligence. 1606
Warner Ald, Eng. xiv. Ixxxvi. 355 Vutill the Picts .. Dis-
seizen of the scottish Raigne within this Ile had made.
+Dissei‘sin, v. Ods, [f. prec, sb.] ‘rans.
= DISSEISE v.
1548 Hat Chron., Hen, V (an. 8) 69b, We shal not dis-
troble, disseason or letten our father aforesaid, but that he
holde and possede as long as he liveth. .the croune and the
dignitee royall of Fraunce. xr59r Syivester Du Bartas 1.
ii. 974 Yet some (more crediting their eyes, then reason)
From’s proper place this Essence doe disseysin. 1600
Hottanp Livy xxvu. xxxi. 652 He [Philip] went to Dyma
for to disseizen [ad e7iciendum] the garrison of the /Etolians,
1607 Hieron Wks. I. 365 A man past al feare of being dis-
seisined of his expected inheritance.
Disseisor, -zor (dissi‘zo1, -7:1). Also 5-6
-our(e, 5-er. [a. AF. dissedsour, = OF. *dessaiseur,
f. dessatstr to DissEIsE. In med.L. dssazsztor,
-setzttor, f. dissaistre, dissetstre, to disseise.] One
who di , or dispo another of his lands,
etc. ; a dispossessor.
{1377 sce DisseEtsee.] 1483 Cath. Angi, 101/2 A Disseiser,
disseisitor, 1540 Act 32 Hen. V1/T, c. 33 The diyng seased
hereafter of any such disseasour. .shall not be..demed..any
suche discent in the law. 1598 Kitcuin Courts Leet (1675)
265 If the Tenant be disseised and the Disseisor dieth
seised, the Lord there cannot distrain, 1603 Drayton Bar.
Wars Bk. u. \vi, Entering now by force, thou hold’st by
might, And art disseisor of another's right. 1660 Bonp
Scut. Reg..5g The King can do no wrong; Therefore can-
not bea disseisor. 1788 Burke Sf. agst. W. Hastings Wks.
XV. 430 To call them disseizors, wrong doers, cheats, de-
frauders of their own son. 1861 [see Disseisin sé. 1]. 1886
F. W. Martcanp in Law Q. Rev. Oct. 485 The disseisor will
be seised whether the lord like it or not.
Disseisoress (dis7‘zorés), Also 7-9 disseis-
eress. [f. prec. + -ESS. (The F. type would be
dissatseresse.)| A female disseisor.
1874 tr. Littleton’s Tenures 125 b, Yf the husbande and the
wife were of covin or consent that the disseisine should bee
made, than .. shee is a disseisouresse. 1641 Termes de la
Ley 124 Shee shall bee adiudged in possession against the
desseisee but as a disseiseresse, in respect of the deceit.
1642 Perkins Prof. Bk. i. § 46 A feme Covert may be a
disseiseres, 1809 Tomiins Law Dict. s.v. Disseisin, If he
disseises another to her use, she is not a disseisoress, nor if
the wife agrees to it during the coverture ; yet, if after his
death she agrees to it, she is a disseisoress, 1883 A. J.
Horwoop Year Bhs, 11-12 Edw, II, 264 One cannot say
that Katherine was a disseiseress.
+Dissei'sure, -zure. Os. [f. DISSEISE v.
+ -URE: cf, seizurve.] The act of disseising ; dis-
possession ; = DISSEISIN,
1579 FutKe Confut. Sanders 685 The setting vp and wor-
shipping of Images .. was ..a Disseisure of the true and
spirituall worshippe of God. 16xx SpeEp Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x.
ix. 47 To take reuenge for the spoyles and disseisures, which
his hired enemies had made in his lands. 17x8 Hicxes &
Netson ¥. Kettlewed? ut. xi. 213 In Case of a Disseizure
of the Right Owner,
Disseit, obs. form of DEcErt.
Dissel-boom (di's’ljb#m). S. Africa, [Du.
(pron, di*sél,bém) =‘ the beam or pole of a vehicle’,
‘f. dissel shaft+ oom beam, boom.] The pole of
a wagon,
1858 Simmonps Dict. Trade, Disselboont, the pole of a
wagon in the Cape colony. 188r Fenn Of to Wilds xxix,
The oxen were all secured to the dissel-boom and trek-tow.
1887 Riper Haccarp ess viii, The tented cart, with its .,
stout stinkwood dissel-boom.
+ Disse'lf, v. Obs. nonce-wd, [f. D1s- 7 + SELF
sb.] trans. To put (one) beside himself; to de-
prive of self-consciousness,
1606 Sy_vesteR Du Bartas 1. iv.1. Trophe?s 1116 Whence
comes This shiuering winter that my soule benums, Freezes
my Senses, and dis-selfs me so With drousie Poppie, not
my self to knowe?
isselie, obs. form of Dizziny.
+ Disse-mbill, a. Sc. Obs. rare. [? corruption
of F, deshabillé, or of a Sc. spelling of DisHEVEL
a.) Undressed, unclothed.
1470 Henry Wadlace 1x. 1917 That saw him bath dissem-
bile and in weid.
+ Disse‘mblable, a. Ods. [a. OF. dessem-
blable (12th c.), in 14th c. dissemblable, f. dessembler
to be unlike, DisseMBLE v.?, after sembladle like.]
Unlike, dissimilar, various.
1413 Pilgr, Sowde (Caxton 1483) 1. iv. 5 Moche merueylous
lyghtI sawe of dissemblable maner. 1549 CHALONER Eras.
on Folly N jb, How amongs theim selves to be dissemblable
inter se dissimiles]. 1566 Drant Horace Sat, w. Cijb,
issemblable to Sectans sorte [Sectani dissimilis]. 1589
Purrennam Eng. Poesie ut. xix. (Arb.) 238 Dissemblable
and in effect contrary. 1603 Florio Montaigne 1. xxxviii.
(1632) 118 A man must imitate the vicious, or hate them ..
to ible them is perilous, because they are many, and to
hate many is lous, because they are dissemblable.
Dissemblance! (disemblains). arch. [In
sense I, ad. OF. dessemblance (12th c.), mod.F. dis-
semblance unlikeness, f. dessembler, pr. pple. dessem-
blant unlike: see prec. and -ANcE. In sense 2, a
later modificationof DissimuLAnceg, after dissemble.]
Vor, II,
505
1. Want of resemblance ; unlikeness ; difference ;
dissimilarity.
1463 Craft of Lovers xxi, Kepe wel true loue, forge no
dissemblance [so 1 A/S. : 2 have resemblance). 1580 Norrit
Plutarch (1676) 980 As touching other agreements and dis-
semblances which may be noted. .in their life and behaviour
[etc.]. 1658 Ossorne Adv. Son (V.) Nor can there be a
greater dissemblance between one wise man and another.
1883 I. ‘T'Ayvtor Adphabet 1, 100 The dissemblance of the
hieroglyphic and Hieratic characters appears greater than
it really is because in many cases they face in opposite
directions. 1894 Forum (N.Y.) Nov. 317 To state the
utter dissemblance between the Japanese and ourselves.
2. The action of dissembling, dissimulation.
1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. u.iv, Wks. 1856 I. 101 Thou
that wants power, with dissemblance fight. 1633 P. FLercuer
Purple Isl. vit. viii, Some touch-stone erring eyes to guide,
And judge dissemblance. 1814 Soutnty Roderick xxiv, No
time..is this for bravery As little for dissemblance. 1876
I; Etuis Caesar in Egypt 18 Pothinus, in dissemblance deft,
Bel
nt low the knee.
+Dissemblance?. Obs. rare. [a. OF. des-
semblance, {. dessembler to separate : see DIssEM-
BLE v.3] Departure, dispersion.
1556 J. Hrywoon Spider & F. ii. 33 Swifter then the star
doth seeme to glaunce That assemblaunce turneth to dis-
semblaunce,
+ Dissembla‘tion. Ods. Also 6 -acion, 5 dis-
symbelatyon. By-form of Dissimunation, after
dissemble.
¢1425 Wyntoun Cron. vin. xi. 55 He saw pat he mycht
noucht The ‘Town of were wyn .. Undyr dissymbelatyoun.
1588 Hunspon in Border Papers I. (1894) 305 But it is all
Steeles and that wee shall find if wee trust to
them.
+Disse‘mble, 5J. 00s. rare. [f. DisseMBLE
v1] The act of dissembling, dissimulation. (In
quot. personified.)
¢1480 Crt. of Love 1191 Dissemble stood not fer from him
in trouth, With party mantill, party hood and hose.
Dissemble (dise'mb’l),v.1 Also 6 dissimble,
Se, -sembill, dyssembul, -symble, 7 desemble.
{app. a later form of DissIMULE v., through the
intermediate stages a¢sstmill, disstmble, influenced
perh. by resemble. (There is no corresponding
form in F.: cf, the next two words.)]
1. trans. To alter or disguise the semblance of
(one’s character, a feeling, design, or action) so as
to conceal, or deceive as to, its real nature ; to give
a false or feigned semblance to; to cloak or dis-
guise by a feigned appearance.
1513 More Rich, II, Wks. 65 Some .. not able to dis-
semble their sorrow, were fayne at his backe to turne
their face tothe wall. 1552 Bh. Com. Prayer, Morn. Pr., Vhat
we shoulde not dissemble nor cloke them [our sins] before
the face of Almighty God. 1665 Maney Grotius’ Low
C. Warres 715 Among the Bodies .. was found a Woman,
who had dissembled her Sex, both in courage and a
military Habit. 1709 Zatler No. 32 » 4 With an Air of
great Distance, mixed with a certain Indifference, by which
he could dissemble Dissimulation. 1781 Gipson Decé. &
FI. xlvi. 723 He dissembled his perfidious designs. 18.
Prescotr Peru Il. 20 He was well pleased with the em-
bassy, and dissembled his consciousness of its real purpose.
1860 Emerson Cond. Life, Behaviour Wks. (Bohn) IL. 385
How many furtive inclinations avowed by the eye, though
dissembled by the lips !
+2. To disguise. Obs.
1508 DunBar Tua mariit Wemen 254, I wes dissymblit sut-
telly in a sanctis liknes, x More Dyaloge iv. Wks.
283/1 Though he dissembled himselfe to bee a Lutherane
whyle he was here, yete as sone as he gate him hence, he
gate him to Luther strayght. 160r Suaxs. 7'wel. N.1v. ii. 4
lle put it on, and I will dissemble my selfe in't; and I would
I were the first that euer dissembled in such a gowne. 1665
J. Spencer Vulg. Prophecies 21 Their deformity appeared
through the finest colors he could dissemble it with. 1697
Drypen neid xi. 340 Dissembling her immortal form,
she [Juturna] took Camertus meen.
8. To pretend not to see or notice ; to pass over,
neglect, ignore.
¢ 1500 [see DissemBLinG vd/. sd.]. ¢1558 HarpsFIELD
Divorce Hen. V1II (1878) 233, I will not urge..the Pope’s
. authority. .I will dissemble that excellency. 1568 GRAFTON
Chron. II. 823 Wherfore he determined to dissemble [Hatt
dissimule] the matter as though he knew nothing. 1879
Lyty Zuphues (Arb.) 150 Some lyght faults lette them dis-
semble, as though they knew them not, and seeing them let
them not seeme to see them. 1692 Ray Dissol. World m1.
viii. (1732) 395, I must not dissemble a great Difficulty.
170x WALLIs 24 Sept. in Pepys A7em., It hath been too late
to dissemble my being an old man. 1703 Rowe Ulysses 1,
i. 75 Learn to dissemble Wrongs. 176r Hume Hist. Eng.
IL. xlii, 451 Philip .. seemed to dissemble the daily insults
and injuries which he received from the English.
b. with clause: To shut one’s eyes to the fact.
1554 Rivtey Lord's Supper Wks. 4x It is neither to be
denied, nor dissembled that..there be diuerse points where-
in men .. canne not agree. 1612 Biste 7'rans/. Pref. 11 It
cannot be dissembled, that..it hath pleased God [etc.].
1692 Ray Dissol, World u. ii. (1732) 107, I must not dis-
semble or deny, that in the Summer-time the Vapours do
ascend, @183x A. Knox Rev, (1844) I. 54 It cannot be dis-
sembled, that .. the House of Commons seems to feel no
other principle than that of vulgar policy. 187: Morty
Voltaire (1886) 8 No attempt is made in these pages to dis«
semble in how much he was condemnable.
¢c. intr. const. with.
1533 Fritu Wks. (1573) 51 These holy doctours. .thought
it not best .. to condemne all thinges indifferently: but to
suffer and dissemble wyth the lesse. .
4, absol. or intr. To conceal one’s intentions,
DISSEMBLING.
opinions, etc, under a feigned guise; ‘to use false
professions, to play the hypocrite’ (J.).
1523 Lp. Berners /7oi/ss. I. clxxx. 216 Therfore the duke
dissembled for the pleasur of the prouost. 1535 CoveRDALE
1 Mace. xi. 53 He dyssembled in all that euer he spake.
1596 SHaks 7am, Shr. ut. i. 9 Tel Whom thou lou’st best :
see thou dissemble not. 1671 Mitton /’. A. 1. 467 The
subtle fiend..Dissembled, and this answer smooth return'd.
1713 Apvison Cato 1. ii, 1 must dissemble, And speak a
languaze foreign to my heart. 1852 Loner, Warden Cingue
Ports xi, He did not pause to parley nor dissemble.
b. const. w2th: To use dissimulation with.
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 142, I dissemble not
with you... for you shall finde it and prove it to be true.
1667 Poor Dial. betw. Protest. §& Papist (1735) 83, I will
not dissemble with you, they do not. 1718 /reethinker
No. 75 » 3 He who dissembles with, or betrays, one Man,
would betray every Man, 1829 SoutHEy Add for Love vi,
Dissemble not with me thus.
+5. trans. To put on a feigned or false appear-
ance of; to feign, pretend, simulate. Ods.
ve forme. 1791 Boswett Yohnson
an, 1752 To suppose that Johnson's fondness for her was
dissembled.
+ b. with inf, or clause. Ods.
1654 R. Coprincton tr. ist. Justine 60 The King dis-
sembled that his Coat of Mayl was not fit for him. 1813
T. Buspy tr. Lucretius 1.913 Fancy .. Lost friends, past
| joys, dissembleth to restore,
Joys,
te. To feign or pretend (some one) fo be some-
thing. Also with ellipsis of the inf., or of both
object and inf. Ods.
1634 Foro P, Warbeck 1. i, Charles of France. . Dissembled
him the lawful heir of England. 1655 Futter Ch. Hist,
i. vii: § 1g John Scott dissembled himself an English-man.
1660 I, Brooke tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 176 Esteemed a Jew
though he dissembled the Christian. /ézc. 246 Moores who
dissembled Christians.
+d. fg. To simulate by imitation. Ods.
1697 Drvpen 42xneid vi. 880, ‘The gold dissembl'd well
their yellow hair.
+ Dissemble, v.2 Os. rare. [a. OF. dessem-
bler, dissembler to be unlike, f. des-, Dis- 4 +
sembler to be like, to seem: the opposite of 7es-
sembler to resemble. Cf. DISSEMBLANCEL I, -ABLE.]
trans. To be unlike, to differ from, resemble not.
1586 T.B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. (1589) 183 His end
dissembled not his life. For, being hated of all and sought
for to be slaine, he [Nero] killed himselfe.
+ Disse‘mble, v.° Obs. rare. [ad. OF. des-
sembler to separate, f. des-, Dis- 4 + stem of as-sem-
bler to ASSEMBLE.] 7z2¢tr. To separate, disperse ;
= DISASSEMBLE.
159r Horsey 7vav. (Hakl. Soc.) 177 The chieff bishops..
assembled and disembled often tymes together, much per-
plexed and devided.
Dissembled (disemb’ld), A4/.a, [f. Dissem-
BLE v.1 + -ED !.]
1. Feigned, pretended, counterfeit.
1539 TonstaLt Serm, Palm Sund. (1823) 21 Leste he
fall from his feyned & dissembled height. 1552 HuLoet,
Dissembled or fayned frend, dissimulator .. fictitius amt-
cus. 1697 Dryven Virg. Eclog. wv. 51 Nor Wool shall in
dissembled Colours shine. 1805 SoutHey AZadoc in At. ii,
He .. strove Beneath dissembled anger to conceal Visible
grief. ; e
+2. Disguised. Ods.
1631 Celestina 11. 130 Melibea is but a dissembled Angell,
that lives heere amongst us. 1643 Sir T. Browne Relig.
Med. 1. § 53 Crosses, afflictions .. have ever proved, the
secret and dissembled favours of His affection.
Dissembler (dise‘mbloz). [f. as prec. + -ER 1.]
One who dissembles; one who conceals his real
purposes under a false appearance ; one who prac-
tises duplicity ; a deceiver, hypocrite.
1526 Piler. Perf (W. de W. 1531) 253 b, They iudged*hym
adissembler and an ypocryte. 1592 SHaks. Row. §& Ful. ut.
ii. 87 All periur’d, all forsworne, all naught, all dissemblers.
1649 Mitton Eikon, 11 A deep dissembler, not of his affec-
tions only, but of Religion. 1667 — P. L. 111. 681 So spake
the false dissembler unperceiv’d; For neither Man nor Angel
can discern Hypocrisie. 174 Ricuarpson Pame/a I. 163,
I must put on the Dissembler a little, I see. 1864 Pusey
Lect. Daniel iii. 152 He was a thorough dissembler, able
to hide his purpose and skilful to execute it.
Disse‘mbling, vé/. si. [f. as prec. +-1NG 1,]
The action of the verb DISSEMBLE ; dissimulation.
¢ 1500 Lancelot 1950 Al.. ther gilt he knowith .. and 3hit
he hyme with-drowith Them fo repref ,. And this it is wich
that dissemblyng hot. 1553 GrimaLpe Cicero's Offices 1. xv,
False pretending and also dissembling [séulatio et dis-
simulatio). 1§55 LATIMER in Strype Eccl, Mem. 111. App.
xxxvi. ro2 Suche men had nede to take hede of their de-
semblings and clokings. 1643 Mitton Divorce u. viii, The
perpetuall dissembling of offence. 1701 Rowe Amd, Step-
moth, 11. i. 468 Flattery, the meanest kind of base dissem-
bling. 1862 Goutsurn Pers. Relig. 1. iii. (1873) 273 Wilful
dissembling of a generous emotion is the way to suppress it.
Dissembling, #//. a. [f. as prec. + -ING 2.]
That dissembles ; deceiving; hypocritical.
1526 Pilger. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 299 b, Y¢ most vnkynde
Stissembl ge disciple Iudas. 1535 CoveRDALE Prov. x.
18 Dissemblynge pes kepe hatred secretly, 1590 SHaks.
Mids. N. u. ii. 98 t wicked and dissembling glasse of
mine, Made me compare with Hermias sphery a 1707
DISSEMBLINGLY.
Curios. in Hush. § Gard. 117 Double-hearted, di
trickish .. Men. bes. Fes paed Mission H. Ghost ii. 52
A cunning and dissem ing Countenance.
Dissemblingly (dise‘mblinli), adv. [f. prec.
+-LY %.)_ Ina dissembling manner ; in a way that
disguises one’s real character or pu ;
1546 Bate Exg. Votaries n. (1550) 50b Thys Gualtherus-
colourably or dyssemblyngly reconcyled both Anselme and
the Pope vnto hym, only to serue the tyme. 1586 T. B.
La Primand. Fr. Acad. (1589) 574 They obey not dissem-
blinglie, but of a free and willing minde. 1654 WuitLock
Zootomia Pref. Avijb, I should own that which man
Writers dissemblingly decline. 1857 Cham. Frni. V111.
200, I must quietly, dissemblingly, await the solution,
+ Disse‘mbly !. Oés. [f. DisseMBLE v.!: cf.
next.] Dissembling, dissimulation.
¢ 1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden) II. 198 Ther is
no deceyt more depe and secrete than that which lurketh in
the dissembly of understanding, or under soome colour of
curtesy. 1588 ALLEN Admon. 21 [Elizabeth] dallied and
abused by dissembly almost all the great personages of
Europe, to whom. .she proffered herself.
Disse‘mbly 2. vonce-wd. [f. DIssemBie 7.3,
after assembly.} The separation of an assembly.
1887 Sat. Rev. 10 Sept. 340 The hurried assembly and
more hurried dissembly of some stolen meetings.
® It occurs in 16-17th c. as a perversion of assembly.
1599 Suaks. Much Ado w. ii. 1 Is our whole dissembly
appeard? 1684 Baxter Twelve Argts. § 16. 27 Their usual
Titles were, the Priestbyters, the Drivines, the Sinners of
Westminster, the Dissembly men.
Disseminate disemine't),v. [f. L. dssém-
nat- ppl. stem of dissémindre to spread abroad,
disseminate, f. Dis- 1 + sémen, sémin- seed; cf. F.
disséminer (14th c. in Littré).]
1. trans. lit. To scatter abroad, as in sowing
seed ; to spread here and there ; to disperse (things)
so as to deposit them in all parts.
1603 Hoan Plutarch's Mor. 1309 [Isis] applieth herselfe
to engender the same, yea and to disseminate and sowe the
..Similitudes thereof. 1656 Biount Glossogr., Disseminate,
to sow here and there, to spread abroad. 1665 Hooke
Aicrogr. 68 The tinging substance does consist of. . particles
.. which are disseminated, or dispers'd all over the other.
1791 Boswe. Yohnson an. 1750 (1848) 67/2 Considering how
universally those volumes are now disseminated. 1830-75
Lyewt Princ. Geol, 1.11. xix. 483 The action of tides and cur-
rents in disseminating sediment. 1859 Darwin Orig. Spec.
iii. (1873) 50 The mistletoe is disseminated by birds.
b. To cause to ramify ; to distribute, Ods.
1664 Power Exp. Philos. 1. 17 The liquours that circulate
through the pipes and vessels disseminated through those
parts. 1668 Cucrerper & Coir Barthol. Anat. mi. iii, 328
Seven pair of Nerves..disseminated into the whole outward
Head.
ce. In pa. pple. and passive, used of diffused
situation, without implying the action: cf. D1s-
PERSE 2.
WNt
1677 Grew Anat. Seeds ww. iii. § 7 (1682) 201 In the Upper |
Coat, the Seed-vessels are disseminated. 1796 Kirwan Elem.
Min. (ed. 2) IJ. 291 Grey ore of manganese .. occurs mas-
sive, disseminated, in nests or rifts. 1841 Trimmer /’ract.
Geol. 73 A mineral which occurs in pieces not exceeding the
size dex hazel-nut, imbedded or incorporated in another
mineral, is said to be disseminated. 1869 Pouchef's Universe
(1871) 16 The pantheists supposed life to be disseminated
through all the interstices in poorly
2. jig. To spread abroad, diffuse, promulgate
(opinions, statements, knowledge, etc.).
1643 Six T. Browne Relig. Med, 1. § 23 This [the Bible]
without a blow hath disseminated it selfe through the whole
earth. 1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals. 1. 13 ‘Yo hear that
Beast of a Priest disseminate such Doctrine. ed Br.
Watson Afol. Bible 2'The zeal with which you labour to
disseminate your opinions. 1802 Mar. Encewortu Moral
T. (1816) I. xiii. 108 Disseminating knowledge over the
universe. 1843 J. Martineau Chr. Life (1867) 58 He dis-
seminated the principles of peace.
3. intr. (for refl.) To diffuse itself, spread. rare.
1803 A/an in Moon (1804) No. 3. 23 The :. discipline and
professional courage that daria disseminate through the
volunteer ranks,
Wynce Disseminated ///. a.
1 Sriuncrt. Orig. Sacr. ui. ii. §17 Neither can I see
how a disseminated vacuity can solve the difficulty. 1742
Youne Mt. TA, vi. 180 The least Of these disseminated orbs,
how great! 1886 A. Wincne.t Geol. Field 295 To trace the
train of events back to a disseminated cosmical dust,
Dissemination (dise:minéi‘fon). [a. L. dis-
séminalion-em, n. of action f. diss?minare to Dis-
SEMINATE ; cf, mod.F. déssémination.] The action
of scattering or spreading abroad , or anything
likened to it; the fact or condition of being thus
diffused ; dispersion, diffusion, promulgation.
1646 Sir 'T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 1. ii. 7 We..being now at
test distance from the beginning of errour, are almost
t in its dissemination, whose wayes are boundlesse. 1759
B. Srivuincri. Misc. Tracts (1775) 63 The di ion of
506
Disseminator (dise-mincita:). [a. L. dissz-
mindator, agent-noun from dissémindre to DissE-
MINATE.] One who or that which disseminates ;
one that spreads abroad or distributes seed or
anything intended to be generally received.
1667 Decay Chr. Piety (J.), The disseminators of novel
doctrines. 1777 G. Forster Voy. round World 11. 337 The
pigeon. .is the same. .as the di i of the true z
at the Spice Islands. 1826 E. Irvine Baéy/on 11. 391 Dis-
seminators of the plague. 1875 Jowett /’/ato (ed. 2) 1. 359
‘The disseminators of this tale are the accusers whom I dread.
mee, var. of DescensE Oés.
+ Disse’nse, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 7 +SENnsE
sb.] trans. To deprive of sensation.
1603 Drayton Bar. Wars m. vi, She a Potion made..
That .. could .. quite dissense the Senses in an houre.
Dissension (disenfon). Forms: 4 dissen-
siun, 5 -sion; also 4-6 disc-, dys-, des-, 4-5
-ciun, -cioun, 4-6 -cion, 5-9 -tion. [a. F. dzs-
sension (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), also discencion,
etc., ad. L. dissension-em disagreement, n. of action
from dissentire, ppl. stem dzssens-; see DISSENT.
Formerly, very Requestly dissention (cf. dissent,
contention), whence DISSENTIOUS.]
1. Disagreement in opinion ; es. such disagree-
ment as produces strife or contention ; discord ; an
instance of this, a violent disagreement or quarrel
arising from difference of opinion.
1300 Cursor M, 22221 (Cott.) Bot if dissenciun bi-tide..
| pat es bot if discord and strijf, Ouer all pis werld be runnun
rijf. /brd. 22238 (Gott.) First sal be dissensiun, er ante-crist
sal cum in land. 1375 Barsour Bruce 1. 48 Bot enwy..
Amang thaim maid discencioun. 1382 Wycuir Acts xv. 39
Forsoth dissencioun is maad, so that thei departiden atwyny.
1484 Caxton Fadles of AE sop m. xiii, Of the sheep whiche
had werre and descencion with the wolues. 1526 Tinpace
1 Cor. iii. 3 There is amonge you envyinge, stryfe and dis-
| sencion. 1607 WaLkincton Oft. Glass x. (1664) 112 ‘The
procurer of a Civil Mutiny and Dissention. 1667 Miron
P. L. xi. 352 But first among the Priests dissension springs.
I Rosertson //ist. Amer. (1778) 1. ut. 131 He fomented
the spirit of dissention in the island. 1876 J. H. Newman
Hist. Sk. WW. 1. ii. 31 There were dissensions .. existing
within the Church, as well as without.
+b. Phr.: J, upon, at dissension, Obs.
1393 Gower Conf. Prol. I. 30 Vpon dissencion Thei felle,
Bo diuision. © /did. 1. 304 Ovide .. Maketh .. mencion
How they felle at dissencion. 1421 Sir Hucu Lutreece in
Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. u. 1, 85 The two Remes that .. han
ben in discention. 1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa 1. 254
They are at .. great dissention with the Arabians. tr.
Scudery's Curia Pol. 7 Would they that I should .. be at
| dissention with my own sonne?
+2. Aled. Physical disturbance producing ail-
ment. Oés.
1582 Hester Secr. Phiorav. 1. 1x.70 Difficultie of Urine
maie also be caused of..dissention of the head. 1656
Rinctey Pract. Physick 232 It differs from obstruction be-
cause here is no great dissention, itis without pain or Feaver,
1725 Brapiey Fam, Dict. s.v. Worms, Worms cause several
accidents. .as a dissention, wringings with a rumbling in the
belly.
t 5. Disagreement in matters of religious belief
and observance; = Dissent sé. 3. Obs.
1708 Swirt Sent. Ch. Eng. Man Wks. ed. 1755 II. 1. 59
What assurances can they [the clergy] have, that any com-
pliances they shall make, will remove the evil of dissention ?
1738 Warsurton Div. Legat. 1. vi. 238 In the Pagan World
a tolerated Religion did not imply Dissention from the
established, according to our modern ideas of Toleration.
1807 R. A. INGRAM (ti¢Ze), Causes of the Increase of Method-
ism and Dissention.
4. attrib.
1611 Corar., Sursemeur de noises, a. .dissention-sower.
Dissensious : see DISSENTIOUS.
[Dissensse, disensse, a freq. error, scribal or
typographical, for déscusse, Discuss.]
isse’nsualize, v. rare. Gara 6.) trans.
To free from sensual 5 vers or elements,
1854 Lowett ¥rni. in [taly Prose Wks. 1 I. 174 We
had our table so placed that the satisfaction of our hunger
might be dissensualized by the view from the windows,
Dissent (dise‘nt), v. Also 5-6 dyss-, 6 dyse-,
6-7 dise-. [ad. L. dissent-ire to differ in senti-
ment, dissent, f. D1s- 1 + sentire to feel, think ; cf.
F. dissentir (15th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).]
1. intr. To withhold assent or consent from a
proposal, etc. ; not to assent; to disagree with or
object to an action. Const. Y ses + to.
c1425 Wyntoun Cron, v1. i. 36 Fra pis he dyssentyd hale.
¢1430 Lypa. Min, Poems (1840) 44 (Matz.) Dame July must
es haf hir wille, If I dissente, and if I make affray, I have
the wers, 1565 ‘T. Ranporrn in Ellis Orig. Let#. Ser. 1. II.
199 Whear unto some among the Lords dyscented.
Lurrrect Brief Rel. (1857) IV. 146 Some lords entred their
seeds, after they come to maturity. 1794 SuLtivan View
Nat. I. 185 All these facts manifest the general dissemina-
tion of the principle of fire. 1829 I. TayLor Lnthus. x. 294
The extensive dissemination of the Scriptures. 1869 Echo
6 Apr., The courage of the missionaries in the di
of religious truth. i 4 Cooke Fungi 120 Forms of spores
may be illustrated with their modes of dissemination.
Disse‘minative, a. rave. [f.as Disseminate
v. + -IVE.] Having the quality of disseminating,
or of being disseminated.
1660 Jr, Taytor Duct. Dubit, w. i. rule § $18 The
effect of heresy is like the plag' pus ani
ative,
for dissenting to the order. 1765 BLacksTONE Come,
I. 105 The earls of Derby, as lords of Man, had maintained
. authority. .by assenting or dissenting to laws. 1827 Jar-
MAN Powell's Devises 11. 293 Where a trustee refuses either
to assent or dissent, the Court will itself exercise his authority.
1830 D'Isrartt Chas. 7, III. ix, 207 Those who openly dis-
sented from the acts which the King had carried through the
Parliament. 7
2. To think differently, disagree, differ from,
tu (an opinion), from, + with (a person).
ay INDALE Doctr. Treat. (1848) 367 Where the first
say ‘bread and wine cannot be the very body and blood of
Christ’; there they vary and dissent from them. a@ 1555
Cranmer Wks, 1. 47 érein the popish priests dissent
DISSENT.
from the manifest word of God.’ 1965 Sin W. Ceci in Ellis
Orig. Lett. Ser. u. Il. 301 The Quenes Majesty will
that shall dis 1646 GaULE
Select Comet 96 Hereupon it hath been somewhat dissented.
1654 Trapp Comm.
teasty, that
dox church.
€1553 Punror Exam. & Writ. (1842 Our adversary
saith we dissent from the church. Wit Sc church sayest
thou that we dissent? 1597 Hooker Zccl. Pol. v. i. §
Every man ought to embrace the religion which is true,
to shun, as hurtful, whatsoever dissenteth from it, but that
most, which doth furthest dissent. Hosses Govt. & Soc.
xvii. § 26. 330 Those that came to Christianity .. were not
received into the Church without Baptisme ; and those that
dissented from the Church were depriv'’d of the Churches
Communion. 1 Hates Brevis Disguisitio in Phenix
(1708) II. 341 The whole Discipline of Manners is lected
. Only to dissent is counted a capital Crime. ey a
Let. to Sir H. Langrishe Wks. V1. 323 If mere dissent
from the church of Rome be a merit, he that dissents the
most perfectly is the most meritorious. In many points we
hold strongly with that church. He that dissents through-
out with that church will dissent with the church of Eng-
land. 1808 Syp. Smirn Wes. (1867) I. 98 The Methodists
have hitherto been accused of dissenting from the Church
of England. :
+c. ellipt. To differ as to, or from. Ods.
@ 1619 Fotuersy A theom. 1, iii. § 2 (1622) 17 Though they
doe dissent, what a God they ought to haue, yet they fully
doe consent, that a God they ought to haue. a1662 5: amg
Hist. Presbyt. i. § 29 The greater wonder ,. that .. they
should so visibly dissent him in the point of the Sabbath.
+3. To be at dissension or variance; to A
1538 Bate God's Promises 1. in Hazl. Dodsley 1. 289 They
shall hereafter dissent; His seed with her seed shall never
have agreement. 1602 Futsecke Pandectes 37 Nowe they
did discent by warre. 1614 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 584
Even the best Apostles dissented ; neither knowledge, nor
holynesse can redresse all differences. 1743 Fietpine ¥.
Wild u. vi, I am ashamed to see men .. so foolish!
weakly dissenting among themselves.
+4. To differ in sense, meaning, or purport; also,
in more general sense, to differ in nature, form, or
other respect. Ods.
1539 Taverner Evasm. Prov. 5 A certayne saunt
fable. .not much dissentynge from this purpose. 1 Brace
Transl. Pref. 8 The tr tion of the S ie di: h
from the Originall in many places, Sie ‘T. Herserr
Trav. 192 ‘The people differ not in colour nor condition,
from the other .. but their Fune dissent from the rest.
1659 Stantey Hist. Philos. xu. (1701) 489/2 A God, whose
Figure doth dissent From Men.
Dissent (disent), sd. Also 7 desent. tt prec.]
1. Difference of opinion or sentiment; disagree-
ment ; + dissension, quarrel (0ds.).
1596 Srenser /. Q. v. iv. 6 Artegall.. Did stay awhile their
greedy bickerment, Till he questioned the cause of
their dissent. 1628 T. Spencer Logick 202, I finde no
dissent betweene an ies touching this
H. VauGuan Silex y Amis 156 As om Seep kate
dissent. . betwixt high winds and thee Were still alive. 178x
Cowrer Convers. 97 Not that all freedom of dissent I blame
.. A disputable point is no man's ground. 1867 CaRtyLe
Remin.({1881) 1. 183 Cavaignac, accepting kindly my innu-
merable dissents from him, ;
2. Disagreement with a proposal or resolution ;
the goed of consent.
1651 N. Bacon Disc, Govt. Eng. 1. xxix. (1739) 134 Nor
can he interpose his Dissent ; nor do they care for
his gy mole 7 Pars Diary po Nov., The opposite
Lords. .desii tl might enter r dissents, 1 <
He and three Heads
Locan in Pa. Hist. Soc. Mem, X.
ae peered Penihs Deoiaee Th: apg Tha caus ot Beall
arman Powell's ises 11, 293 onus 0!
wou! ie
be on the complaining Ey.) shew reasons
dissent. 1878 Mortey Crit, Misc., Vanvenargues 3 Apart
from formal and specific dissents like these.
3. spec. Difference of opinion in regard to religious
doctrine or worship.
1585 Apr. Sanpys Sevwt. v. § 3. Where dissent in reli
is, there can hardly be consent in loue. Diuersitie of Re-
ligion sundered the Jewe and Gentile. 1676 Marvewt Gen.
Councils Wks. 1875 1V. 151 He should not wonder at the
dissent# in the istian religion, which were ;
1677 Barrow Pope's Suprem. (7687) 150 One Bi ex-
cluding another from communion for dissent in opinion about
disputable points. a@1742 BentLey Serm. Gs hat could
bea fo al irene in C. (1851) L. 5
eves Friends in C, (1851) I. 25
cw nea =a less dangerous and on respectable
ber 9 _- The pra tical ion of disagreement
. esp. practical expression ©:
with the form of religious worship which prevails
or is authoritatively established in any country ; non-
conformity. Particularly applied to non-conformity
with the established chur of England and Scot-
land, within the pale - the Reformed Churches.
Bi Sp. Acts iform., Dissent, not satisfied
with? leratio hen > dines but ambition. iy Pome
Cyct. 1X. 22/1 The origin of Protestant the
church of England is usually traced back to the year 1
1840 Macautay Ranke Ess, (1854) 557/t In this way
DISSENTANEOUS.
of Rome unites in herself all the strength of estab-
Church I
lishment and all the strength of dissent. @1862 Buck.e -
Misc. Wks. (1872) 1. 577 In Scotland dissent assumed a very
different .. character than in England. 1873 H. Spencer
Stud. Sociol. ix. 238 The open expression of difference ..
to that which is authoritatively established, constitutes
Dissent. * : . 4
e. Put for: The dissenting or nonconformist
section of the community.
1792 Burke Let. to Sir H, Langrishe Wks. 1842 1. 54
Protestant dissent was one,of the quarters from whic
danger was apprehended, x Macautay Hist. Eng. ix.
(L.), On this occasion the whole strength of dissent was put
forth: . with the whole strength of the establishment.
+4. Want of agreement or harmony; difference
of sense, character, nature, meaning, quality, etc.
1603 Fiorito Montaigne ut. ix. (1632) 537 The dissent or
disparitie in the present manners of our state. 1611 SreED
Vheat. Gt. Brit. xii. (1614) 81 [We] may attribute this unto
a.. hidden dissent betwixt this soile and these geese, as the
like is betweene wolves and the squilla roots. @ 1626 Bacon
(J.), Where the menstrua are the same, and yet the incor-
eomge followeth not, the dissent is in the metals. 1626
ACON Sylva § 255 margin, Experiments .. touching the
Corisent and Dissent between Visibles and Audibles. 1638
Sir‘. Hersert 7'raz. (ed. 2) 330 The Mace in few dayes
..becom’s tawny and unlike her former braverie: yet in
that dissent, best pleases.
Dissent, obs. form of DEscrent.
Dissentaneous (disentéi-nzas), a. [f. L. dé’s-
seniane-us disagreeing, contrary (f. déssentire to
Dissent) + -0US.] Disagreeing, discordant ; out
of harmony; not in agreement, at variance wth ;
contrary Zo.
1623 T. Scot /Tighw. God 47 It is easier to see flat contra-
dictions and oppositions, then things only diuerse or dis-
sentaneous, 1660 J. Luoyp Prim. /pisc. Pref. 2 Unprofit-
able or dissentaneous to the edification and peace of the
Church. 1674 R, Govrrey /7. §& Ad. Physic Pref., I knew
I had wrote nothing dissentaneous with Truth. 1702 W. J.
Bruyn's Voy. Levant xii. 55 Several other Fancies that they
have, so dissentaneous to right Reason. 1876 M. Cottins
Midnight to Midn, ii. 27 A young genticnien of high cheek
bones, dissentaneous eyes. .calfless legs. ae
Hence Dissenta‘neousness, (liversity of opinion.
1652 Urqunart Yewel Wks. (1834) 261 Who believed that
God was best pleased with diversity of religions .. dissen-
taneousness of faith. 1727 Battery vol. II., Dissentaneous-
ness, disagreeableness,
[ad. L. dis-
+ Dissentany, «. and sb. Olds.
sentdne-us : see prec.
A. adj, =DISSENTANEOUS.
1586 Bricut Melanch, xii. 55 The consideration of the
whol sort of dissentanie, and disagreeing things. 1645
Mutton Yetrach, (1851) 254 The parts are not, discrete, or
dissentanie. 1654 L. Coxe Logick (1657) 147 Dissentany con-
secution, is, when from the truth of the one of the opposites
is understood the falshood of the other; and contrary.
B. sb. (See quots.)
1656 S. H. Gold. Law 81 The distinct Bodies of Parliament
and People make one Body of Dissentanies or things diverse.
1657 Tomuinson Renon’s Disp. 8 He opposes one contrary
to another and one dissentany to another.
+ Dissenta‘tion. 0ds. [irreg. f. Dissent z.
+ -ATION.] Difference of opinion, dissension.
1613-16 W. Browne Brit. Past. u. ii, To leave their
jars, Their strifes, dissentations, and all civil warres. 1623
Cockeram U1, Difference, discrepancy, dissentation.
Dissenter (dise‘ntoz). Also 7 -or, -our. [f.
DIssENT v. + -ER1,]
1. One who dissents in any matter: one who dis-
agrees with any opinion, resolution, or proposal ;
a dissentient.
1647 CLarenvon //is/. Reb. 1. § 74 If the Question had
been presently put, it was believed the number of the dis-
senters would not have appeared great. 1651 Hoses Govt.
& Soe. vi. § 2. 87 If any one will not consent .. the City re-
taines its primitive Right against the Dissentour, that is the
Right of War, as against an Enemy. 1717 Pore Let. to
Lady M, W. Montagu June, There is nothing like a coali-
tion but at the masquerade ; however, the Princess is a dis-
senter from it. 1728 Morcan A /giers II. i. 211 Some think
fit to be Dissenters; assuring us that Czsaria stood else-
where. 1869 Swinsurne Ess. & Stud. (1875) 213 Mr. Arnold,
with whose clear and critical spirit it is always good to come
in contact, as disciple or as dissenter. 1875 Grote Plato
Pref. 7 These dissenters from the public will be more or less
dissenters from each other. <ily ‘
2. One who dissents in matters of religious belief
and worship: a. in the general sense.
1639 Lp. G. Dicsy Lett. conc. Relig. (1651) 88 The dis-
sentors may well have bin over-born or ~t rest. 1644 in
Thomasson Tracts (Br. Mus.) CLXXXVI i No. 5. 36 By
tion I understand an agreement of dissenters
accomm(
with the rest of the Church in practical conclusions. 1649
Owen Disc. Toleration Wks. 1855 VIII. 193 The present
differences which are between those dissenters who are
known by the names of Presbyterians and Independents ..
Neither party .. dare avow the manner of worship by their
dissenters embraced to be, as such, rejected by the Lord.
1678 DrvpEn Adi for Love Ded., Its discipline is. .so easy,
that it allows more freedom to dissenters than any of the
sects would allow it. 1709 Stryre Ann. Ref. 1. xlii. 468 The
application of the two leading dissenters here [Sampson,
an of Ch, Ch., and Humfrey, Pres. of Magd. Coll., who
refused to wear the Vestments] to those two eminent divines
of the Church of Zurick. 3
b. One who dissents and separates himself from
any specified church or religious communion, especi-
ally from that which is historically the national
church, or is in some way treated as such, or re-
garded as the orthodox body.
507
1663 Flagelium ; or O. Cromwell (ed, 2) 14 [Cromwell] began
..at last to appear a publique Dissenter from the Discipline
of the Church of Ragland: 1673 in /ssex a pee (Camden)
I. 124 Complaints from some of y’ Scotch Nation of their
persecution .. upon y® score of Nonconformitie, divers of
those people who are dissenters from y? Church having bin
+-excommunicated., 1688-9 7oleration Acti W. & M.c. 18
§ 13 Certain other Persons, Dissenters from the Church of
England. x793 Cutcer in Lif, etc, (1888) II. 277 In Mas-
sachusetts the Congregationalists were the favorites of
Government, and every other denomination was considered
as dissenters from them. 1856 StanLey Sivai & Pad. xiv.
(1858) 462 Copt and Syrian, Georgian and Armenian, have
.. their own claims to maintain, as dissenters, so to speak,
against the great Byzantine establishment. 1868 G. Durr
Pol. Surv. 54 The Persians happen to be Shiites, or dissen-
ters—the Turks are Sunnites, or orthodox. 1882 SEE.
Nat. Relig. ut. i. 124 The popular Christianity of the day..
is for the artist too melancholy and sedate, for the man o!
science too sentimental and superficial. . They become, there-
fore, dissenters from the existing religion.
e. spec. One who separates himself from the
communion of the Established Church of England
or (in Scotland) of Scotland. In early use including
Roman Catholics, but now usually restricted to
those legally styled Protestant Dissenters. (Usually
with capital 1D.)
Occasionally distinguished from Nonconformist, and re-
stricted to those who not only dissent from the national
church as it is actually constituted, but disagree with the
principle of national or state churches.
1679-88 Secr. Serv. Aloney Chas. & Jas. (Camden) 98 To
Benj* Cranmer, of Hertford, bounty, in consideracion of his
charge and service in prosecuting Dissenters in that county,
£100, 1683 I’, Gopsury ref. to IWharton's Wks. 4 Dissenters
(a Title Rebellious people pride themselves in, and love to
be distinguished by). 1688 Asp. Sancrorr /ustructions in
D'Oyly Zz vii, More especially that they havea very tender
Regard to our Brethren the Protestant Dissenters, 1689 Sik
G. Savite Let. to Dissenter, It is not so long since as to be
forgotten, that the maxim was, It is impossible for a Dis-
senter not to bea Rebel. 1689 /oleration Act 1 W. & Al.
c. 18 § 11 Unlesse such person can produce two sufficient
witnesses to testifie upon oath that they believe him to be a
Protestant Dissenter. 1708 J. CHAMBERLAYNE S74. G4, Brit...
ut. i. (1743) 148 [After Papists] The othe ssenters .. may
be reduced into four classes, Presbyterians, Independents,
Anabaptists, (or as they call themselves), Baptists, and
Quakers, 1731 Fietpine Left. I riters 1. ii, Do you take
me for a Dissenter, you rascal? x182r ‘T. Jerrerson A wfo-
biog. Writings 1892 I. 54 Although the majority of our
citizens were dissenters..a majority of the legislature
were churchmen. 1826 Perersporrr Ady. Cases in Courts
A. B. etc. V. 432 note, Catholic and Protestant dissenters
may plead the Acts of Toleration, and of 31 Geo. 3 to
almost all prosecutions under these acts. 1839 Zclectic
Review 1 Jan. 4 The Protestant Dissenters of English His-
tory, in whose favour the provisions of the ‘‘Voleration Act’
were originally intended to operate, consist of the three de-
nominations which have branched from the original Non-
conformists ; viz., the Presbyterians, the Congregationalists
(or Independents), and the Baptists. 1890 ATKINSON Sf. 7
H. Cont. 22 July, I am not a Dissenter; I am a Noncon-
formist.
d. fig. and ¢ransf.
1827 Lytton Pelham xxiii, Coxcombs and Coquettes are
the dissenters of society. 1865 Grote Pato I. ii. 88 There
is no established philosophical orthodoxy, but a collection
of Dissenters, small sects, each with its own following.
Hence Disse’nterage, condition or rank of Dis-
senters. Disse’nterish a., having somewhat of
the character of a Dissenter. Disse‘nterism, the
principlesand practice of Dissenters. Disse’nterize
v. trans., to convert into a Dissenter.
1866 CarLyLe Remin. (1881) I. 82 The then *Dissenterage
is definable to moderns simply as a ‘ Free Kirk, making no
noise’, 1841 Hraser's Mag. XXV.729 The volume looks..
so *dissenterish and drab-coloured! 1 Mrs. OLIPHANT
Perpetual Curate 1. ii. 33 A kind of meddling, Dissen-
terish, missionising individual. 1809 Br. J. Jens Le?. in
Life, etc. xxxv. 460 It .. shews the interior of English *dis-
senterism, during a period of thirty very important years.
1847 W. E. Forster in Wemyss Reid Z//e (1888) I. 213 Men
—_— at Romanism and Church of Englandism and
rotestant Dissenterism., 1838 Br. S. Witberrorce in Life
I. 128 Such men altogether escape us, they became wholly
individualized and semi-‘dissenterized. 1856 Lit. Church-
man II, 94/1 A plan for the Protestantizing, and even Dis-
senterizing, the University.
Dissenteries: see DysENnTERY.
+ Disse’ntiate, v. Obs. rare. [irreg. f. L.
dissenti-re + -aTH33; after vbs. from L. sbs. in
-entia.| trans. To move to dissension or discord.
1627 FELTHAM Resolves u. [1.] c. (1647) 313 One turbulent
spirit will dissentiate even the calmest kingdom.
Dissentience (dise'nfiéns). rave. [f. DissEn-
TIENT; see-ENCE.] ‘The fact or condition of being
dissentient ; difference of opinion.
1864 CarLyLe Fredk, Gt. IV. 420 Dissentience on the Law
of Thrift. ki
+ Dissentiency. Oés. rare. [f.as prec.: see
-ENCY.] The quality of being dissentient.
1647 Manton Meat out of Eater Wks. 1871 V. 391, I shall
a little reflect upon our dissentiency and division.
Dissentient (dise'nfiént), @ and sé, [ad. L.
dissentient-em, pr. pple. of dissentire to D1ssENT.]
A. adj. Differing or disagreeing in opinion.
1651 Howe t Venice Ag Reve If .. ther will be still dis-
sentient suffrages. 1847 Lewes Hist, Philos. (1867) I. 226
Several distinct and dissentient points of view opened. a1871
Grote Eth, Fragm. iv. (1876) 118 A young person is per-
plexed by the dissentient judgments he hears from different
individuals.
DISSENTIOUS.
b. esp. Dissenting from, or refusing assent to,
" the opinion or sentiment of the majority.
Dissentient Liberals, (in Politics) a term applied (by
opponents) to those members of the Liberal party who in
1886 dissented from the action of the majority in adoptins
the principle of ‘Home Rule’ for Ireland as part of the po-
litical programme}; called by themselves L‘berad Unionists.
Hence Disse‘ntientism.
1764-7 Lyrte.ton //en, /, I. 81 (Seager) All the vassals
..swore fealty and homage to him without any one dissen-
tient voice being heard. 1845 SreruEN Laws Eng. (1874)
II. Notes 346 ‘They usually only set down their names as
dissentient to a vote. 1849 Macautay //ist. Eng. II. 507
‘The authority of the two dissentient lords prevented several
other noblemen from subscribing the address. 1888 GLap-
stone Let. Mr. Ivory 26 Oct., Not only Scotchmen in general,
but such Scotchmen as were at one time dissentient. 1892
Daily News 25 Jan. 5/5 Lancashire will have nothing to do
with dissentient Liberals /. only Sir Henry James is left to
keep up the pretence of Dissentientism in the whole
county.
B. s/. One who differs or disagrees in opinion ;
one who differs from the opinion of the majority.
1621 Br. R. Mountracu Diatribe im. 415 Vo vilifie and
traduce the Partsand Persons of all Dissentients. 1790 Sir W.
Jones Charge to Grand Fury, Calcutta 10 June Wks. 1799
III. 42 When it has been found by a majority of your whole
number, it is their counsel, which the dissentient must not
disclose, 1823‘. Jerrerson I/772, (1830) LV. 372 They would
have left, there as here, no dissentients from their doctrine,
1868 Heirs Nealmah xvi. (1876) 439 ‘The voices of dissen-
tients were drowned by the predominant shout. 1887 Dacy
News 18 July 5/1 Mr. Gladstone.. presses the Dissentients
with the awkwardness of their position.
Disse‘nting, v//.s5). | [f. Dissent v. + -1nG1,]
The action of the vb. Dissenr; a differing in
opinion ; disagreement.
1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. t. x. § 14 Wherein the one part
may haue probable cause of dissenting from the other, 1628
T. Srencer Logick 50 Difference is a dissenting betweenve
the essence of two, 1655 FULLER CA. //7st. ii. 29 He.. Bad
us to keep the holy Paschal ‘Time, And count Dissenting for
an hainous Crime,
Dissenting, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG 2.]
1. Differing or disagreeing in opinion, dissentient ;
also, t differing in sense, nature, character, etc.
1sso Hoorer Seri. Yonas Epist. Wks. (Parker Soc.) 442
The which doctrine is catholic..nothing dissenting, but
agreeable with the prophets and apostles. 1627 Srrep
England xxxiii. § 3 Whose natures thus dissenting [as to
their soil] the Riuer Derwent doth diuide asunder. 1762
Fatconer Shipw. 1. 433 Dissenting reason strove ‘To tame
..the kindling flame of love. 1796 Morse slyer. Geog. 1.
329 A convention.. ratified the constitution without a dis-
senting voice. @1871 Grote Eth. Lragit. iii. (1876) 51
Each of the dissenting schools of philosophy.
2. Differing in opinion on religious matters ;
sfec. disagreeing with the established or prevailing
doctrines or modes of worship; nonconformist.
Dissenting Brethren, a name applied to the five members
of the Westminster Assembly, 1643-4, who advocated Con-
gregational principles against the Presbyterian majority.
1644 Frul. Ho. Commons 23 Dec., Mr. Marshall delivered
in the Reasons of the Dissenting Brethren against Presby-
terial Government. 1649 in //ard. Misc. (title', The Dis-
senting Ministers’ vindication of themselves. 1711 /1ct 10
Aun c.2§9 A Preacher or Teacher of any Congregatic
of dissenting Protestants. 1766 Entick London 1V, 366
The ha!l room is let out for a dissenting meeting. 1803
J. Buntine 23 Sept. in L7/e (1859) I. x. 181 The Dissenting
Ministers..are quite before us Methodists in [these] publi-
cations. 1843 /’enzy Cycl. XXVII. 247 ‘The chiefs of the
Independent party in the Assembly were Dr. ‘Thomas Good-
win, Philip Nye, Jeremiah Burroughs, William Bridge,
and Sidrach Simpson, often spoken of as the Five Dissent-
ing Brethren, 1849 Macauray //ist. Eng. I. 177 It was
made a crime to attend a dissenting place of worship.
Disse‘ntingly, adv. [f. prec. + -1Ly%.] In
a manner expressing dissent or disagreement.
1628 T. Spencer Logick 239 Dissenting arguments onely
are disposed : and dissentingly in the same manner as they
are disposed in simple Axiomes. 1862 Lever Barrington
xlvi, Conyers shook his head dissentingly. 1864 Gd. IVords
789/1 She may consent dissentingly. i
Dissentious (dise‘nfas),@. Now rare. Also
6 -cious, 6-7 -sious. [f. Dissension, and there-
fore more etymologically spelt déssenszous : see
-1ous. But perh, orig. after OF. déssencieux, -(eux,
from dissencton, -tion, obs. spellings of dissen-
sion. There are no other Eng. words in -enszous,
while -erd¢éous is frequent, and naturally associates
this word with dissent, dissentient, etc.]
Of, pertaining to, or characterized by, dissension
or disagreement in opinion; esf. given to dissen-
sion, discordant, quarrelsome.
1560 P. Wuirenorne tr. Macchiavelli’s Arte of Warre
573) 19a, The disunited and discencious do agree. 1592
HAKS. Ven. § Ad. 657 This carry-tale, dissentiots Jealousy
.. Knocks at my heart. 1597 DALRyMpce tr. Leslie's Hist.
Scotl. x. 442 Tha began to be dissensious. 1615 G. Sanpys
Trav. 11. 206 The two brethren grew .. dissentious about
the deuision of their purchases. 1877 Bracke Wise Men
334 In violent plunges of dissentious rage. 1882-3 Scare
Encycl, Relig. Knowl. 1. 354/2 As well fitted for harmonious
as for dissentious action. . at obese
+b. Inclined to differ or dissent in religions or
ecclesiastical matters. Obs.
1868 Ascuam Scholem. u.(Arb.) 93 He .. will .. presume
..in Religion, to haue a dissentious head, or in the com-
mon wealth, to haue a factious hart. 1579 Tomson Cad-
vin's Serm. Tim, 1032/1 We may not marueile if there be
discentious persons in y’ Church, which go ays 8 marre
—2
DISSENTIOUSLY.
allorder. 1676 Life Muggleton in Hari. Misc. 1. 610 This
Muggleton, an obstinate, dissentious, and opposive spirit.
+e. Of things; Differing, at variance, discor-
dant; of the nature of dissension. Ods. rare.
1605 7ryall Chev. wv. i. in Bullen O. PZ. II. 322 Since he
.. first inkindled this dissensious brawle. 164. Cuas. I.
Axnsw. to Earls Bristol & Dorset 3 Severall and farre dif-
ferent c ptions, yet none di ious from ‘Truth,
+ Dissentiously, adv. Obs. rare. [-1x2.]
In a dissentious manner; with dissension.
¢ 1611 Cuapman //iad 11. 22 No more the Gods dissentiously
imploy Their high-hous'd powers.
sentism, vare. [f. Dissent sd, + -1sM.]
Religious dissent as a system ; nonconformity.
1859 W. Cuapwicx Life De Foe i. 44 The healthy growth
of Protestant dissentism. :
Disse’ntive, a. Ols. rare. [irreg. f. Dis-
SENT v.+-1VE.] Inclined to be at discord.
1627 Fectnam Xesolves 1. (ed. 2 1.) iv, A Lyer..is a
Monster in Nature; for his Heart and Tongue, are Incon-
gruous, and dissentiue. :
Dissentment (disesntmént). [f. Dissent z.
+ -MENT. Cf. 16th c. F. dtssentement, mod.¥.
-iment.] Difference of opinion, dissentience, dissent.
1690 M. Suietps Faithf£ Contend. (1780) 19 In which dis-
sentment joined several societies. 1893 GLApsTone Sf.
Belfast Deput. 28 Mar., This dissentment between the
sentiment of the propertied class and the national senti-
ment.
+ Dissentory. Ods. rave. [An erroneous form ;
cf. Descent 1 d, and Sperrala apt |
1658 Puitiies, Dissentory (old word), a kind of still.
Disse'parable, a. vare. [f. Dis- 10+ SEpa-
RABLE.] Not tobe dissevered ; inseparable.
¢1825 Beppors Poems, Torrismond 1. iii, Thou in my
mind, and I in thine, shall be, And so disseparable to the
edge Of thinnest lightning.
+ Disse’parate, v. Ols. rare. [f. Dis- 5 +
SEPARATE v.] trans. To separate, dissever.
1sso Nicotts Thucyd. 222b, The shyppes that were in
the myddeste of their battayle, remayned nakedde and dis-
separated frome those of the two poynctes.
ssepiment (disepiment). Zot, and Zo0/.
[a. L. déssepimentum that which separates, a par-
tition, f. désswpire (-sepire): see Dissert.] A
partition in some part or organ; a septum.
spec. &. Bot. A partition consisting of the coherent sides
of adjacent carpels, separating the cells of a syncarpous
ovary or fruit. (Partitions otherwise formed are called
508
first of these ladies, at thirteen. .can dissertate on the various
flavors. 1837 Hawtnorne Amer, Note-Bhs. (2883) 93 He
had a good many old papers in his desk .. which he pro-
duced and dissertated upon, 1868 Browninc Ring & Bk.
11, 270 He dissertated on that ‘Tuscan house.
Dissertation (disaatét-fan). [ad. L. désserta-
tion-em discourse, disquisition, n, of action f, dés-
sertdre to DISSERTATE.]
+1. Discussion, debate. Ods.
x6xx Sreep Hist. Gt, Brit. 1x. xxii. (R.) As ina certaine
dissertation had once with Master Cheeke it appeared. 1623
Cockeram, Dissertation, a disputing on things. 1677 GALE
Crt. Gentiles 111. 27 Paui mentions some who had turned
aside .. to unprofitable dissertation or disputation. 1709
Stryre Ann. Kef. I. xi. 137 [They] altogether refused .. to
apse in further dissertation with them.
. A spoken or written discourse upon or treat-
ment of a subject, in which it is discussed at length;
a treatise, sermon, or the like; = Discourse sé. 5.
: at 7 Hopes Govt. § Soc. Title-p., A Dissertation concern-
ing Man in his severall habitudes and respects. 1683 DrypeN
Life Plutarch 60 Observing this, I made a pause In my dis-
sertation. 1728 Pore Dunc. 11. Notes, He compos'd three
dissertations a week on all subjects, _1762-71 H. WaLro.e
Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) 1. 238 Vermander dedicated
to Ketel a dissertation on the statues of the ancients. 1841
D'Israett Amen. Lit, (1867) 476 Warton has expressly
written a dissertation on that subject. 1879 GLapsTonE
Glean. V.i. 77 The sermon isa dissertation, and does violence
to nature in the effort to be like a speech.
Hence Disserta‘tional a., belonging to or of the
nature of a dissertation; Disserta'tionist, onc
who makes a dissertation.
1844 De Quincey Logic of Political Economy 36 This
remark was levelled by the dissertationist .. (I Cefteve) at
Ricardo. 1846 Worcester cites Ch. Observ. for Disserta-
tional. 1865 Keader No. 113. 234/2 Dissertational, poetic,
and rhetorical plays. 1866 Spectator 20 Oct. 1162/2 The dis-
sertational language of so dry a piece of theoretic definition
| as the creed called the Athanasian.
Dissertative (di-saiteitiv), a. [f. L. ppl. stem
| dissertat- (see D1SSERTATE) + -IVE.] Characterized
spurious or false dissepiments.) b. The middle part of |
a lamella of the pileus in hymenomycetous fungi :=TRama.
ce. Zool. One of the horizontal plates connecting the vertical
septa in corals. @. One of the divisions between the body-
segments of an annelid.
1727 Baituy vol. I], Dissepiment, a middle Partition,
whereby the Cavity of the Fruit is divided into Sorts of
Cases or Boxes. 1760 Jas. Lee /ntrod. Bot. 1. vi. (1776) 14
The partitions, which divide the capsule into sundry com-
partments, or cells, dissepiments. 1857 BerkeLey Cryftog.
Bot.§$ 95.116 The division of the rcorcplasen by dissepiments.
1861 J. R. Greene Alan, Anim, Kingd., Calent, 203 Each
corallite has its chambers slightly interrupted by a few
dissepiments. 1870 RoLteston Anim. Life 121 The mus-
cular dissepiments dividing the body into compartments.
1870 Bentiey Bot. 271 In the ovary of the Astragalus a
spurious dissepiment is also formed.
Dissepimental (disepime'ntal), @. [-aL.]
Belonging to, or of the nature of, a dissepiment.
1857 Berkeey Cryftog. Bot. § 242. 249 A close cellular
tissue, in which the passage from diseapieital walls and
threads is almost imperceptible. 1870 RoLLeston Anim.
Life 126 The muscular dissepimental walls of the segments.
+ Disse'pt, v. Os. rare. [f. L. dissapt- ppl.
stem of dissapire to separate, part off, f. Dis- 1
+ swpire (sépire) to hedge off, f. swpes a hedge.]
trans. To divide by a partition; to partition off.
1657 Tomuinson Renon's Disp. 347 Certain aculeated cups
+. dissepted with little fences.
Dissepulchred (disse*p#lkoid), pp/. a. rare.
[D1s- 7.] Disentombed.
1800 W. Taytor in Monthly Mag. 1X, 464 Like some dis-
sepulchred half-waken ghost, Slow stretch a wither’d hand,
issert (disd-it), v. [f. L. déssert- ppl. stem
of disserére to discuss, treat, examine ; also intr.
to discourse, f. Dis- 1 + seréve to bind, connect,
join words, compose. ]
+1. trans. To discuss, examine. Ods.
1623 Cockeram, Dissért, to dispute on matters. 1641 R.
Brooke Eng. Episc. 11. ii, 69 Either none seeme to state the
Guertion right ; or else, all seem to dissert it. x72 Srryre
ccl. Mem. i. xliii. 330 Thence they descended to dissert
the single life of priests. 5 3
2. intr. To discourse upon a particular subject ;
to make a dissertation. (Now, ted.)
1657 Tomtinson Kenou's Disp. 651 We have abundantly
disserted about the preparation of Medicaments. 1744
Harris Three Treat. Wks. (1841) 96 A venerable sage ..
whom once I heard disserting on the topic of religion,
Cuestrerr. Lets, 111. No. 2h. 325 It is not amiss.. to
able to dissert upon the growth and flavour of wines. 1823
Byron ¥uan xi. xxxix, "Tis always with a moral end That
Idissert, 1855 Tuackeray Newcomes 11,255 Whilst George
is still dissertung Clive is drawing.
Dissertate (di'saiteit),v. [f. L. déssertat- ppl.
stem of dissertare to discuss, argue, debate, fre-
quentative of dissertre to Duster} sat, To make
a dissertation ; to discourse ; = pee, 2. (Unusual. )
1766 Derrick Lett. (1767) 11. 39 Why should I thus dis-
sertateto you? 1811 L. Hawkins C'tess & Gertr. 1. 5 The
by or given to dissertation,
1816 Keatince 7'rav. (1817) 1. 10 note, It is not requisite
to be of a peculiarly dissertative turn, 1858 H. Miter
Rambl, Geol. 407 That dissertative style of history .. that,
for series of facts, substitutes bundles of theories.
Dissertly, obs. var. of DiseRtTLy.
Dissertator. [a. L. dissertator a disputant,
f. dissertare.} One who makes a dissertation.
1698 C. Bovte On Bentley's Phalaris 114 (R.) Our dis-
sertator learnedly argues [etc.]. 1718 Pore //ad xi. 1037
note, According to the grave manner of a learned dissertator.
1849 Zait’s Mag. XVI. 789 How could | break up this con-
clave of dissertators ?
Disserve (<disss'1v), v: [f. Dis- 6 + SeRve v.
Cf. F. desservir ‘to clear a table’ (whence our |
sense 2), ‘to do any one a bad turn’; It. diservire
to serve ill, ‘to vnserve’ (Florio).]
1. trans. Todo the contrary of to serve; to serve |
badly, to do an ill turn to.
1618-29 Rusuw. //ist. Coll. (1659) 1. 263 The Earl of Bristol
did reveal unto his late Majesty. .in what sort the said Duke
had disserved him and abused his trust. 1637 Laup S/.
Star-Chamé. 13 June 55 Nor hath any Kings Chappell any
Prerogative .. above any ordinary Church to dis-serve G:
in by any Superstitious Rites. 1748 Ricnarpson Clarissa
Wks. 1883 Vit. 15, I have fulfilled your commands; and,
I hope, have not dis-served my friend with you. 1874 Pusey
Lent. Serm. 69 He ended in deadly opposition to God, dis-
serving God as greatly as he could.
2. To remove the ‘service’ from (a table).
1816 Mary A. ScHimMeLrenninck tr. Lancelot’s Tour Alet
I. 17 The table is served and disserved in the same manner.
Disservice (disss-1vis), 5d. [f. Dis-9 + Service;
ef. F. desservice (16th c. in Littré), It. diservizio,
‘a bad seruice, a shrewd turne, an ill office’
(Florio).) The contrary of service; the rendering
of an ill service or ill turn; injury, detriment.
1599 Sanvys Europa Spec. (1632) 109 ‘To ioyne with them
in praysing the Creatour of the world, is no better than dis-
seruice to his Maiestie. 1732 Berketey Serm. to S. P. GC.
Wks, III. 250 The making religion a notional thing hath
been of infinite disservice. @ 1754 Fircpinc /athers v. ii,
It is not of any disservice to the young lady. 1852 J. H.
Newman Scope Univ. Educ. 413 That institution did both
service and disservice to the ethical teaching of Catholicism.
b. With a and f/. An ill service or ill tum ; an
injury.
1611 Cotcr., Desservice, a disseruice, ill office, misdeed.
1632 Strarrorp in Browning Lif (1891) 301 Since I cam
heather, I haue hearde of many disseruices, but not any one
seruice he hath paid backe vnto the Crowne. 1761 STERNE
Tr. Shandy M11, i, My uncle Voby's wish did Dr. Slop a dis-
service which his heart never intended. as L. Hunt Seer
(1864) 9 Among the disservices rendered us by fortune,
Disse'rvice, v. vare. [f. prec. sb.] rans. To
render an ill service to; to disserve, to injure.
1837 Wiirrock Bk. 7rades (1842) 359 Mr. ‘Tingry .. has
thus been disserviced ;..portions of his work purloined.
Disse'rviceable, a. [f. Dis- 8 + Senvice-
ABLE, after prec. sb.] ‘Tending to do disservice ;
unhelpful, hurtful, detrimental.
1644 J. Goopwin Junoc. Triumph. (1645) 93 [They] are. .in
their natures disserviceable unto the common peace, 1710
Norris Chr, Prud. vii. 311 True sound Philosophy .. is no
way disserviceable, but very assistant to Religion, 1817
Coteprooke Algebra 199 Its pr in that multiplicati
would be highly disserviceable. . ‘
Hence Disse'rviceableness, the quality of being
DISSEVER.
disserviceable ; Disse*rviceably adv., in a disser-
yiceable manner; not servi Ye
1635 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi's Banish'd Virgin 164 Hindered
by. -the di i ness of his owne 1670 Hacket
Abp. Williams u, (1692) 17 1 did nothing disserviceably
to your majesty, or the duke. 1678 Norris Coé/. Q/isc. (1699)
294 All action being for some End .. its aptness to be com-
manded or forbidden, must be founded upon its serviceable-
ness or disserviceableness to some end.
Dissese, obs. form of DecEasE, D1sEaseE.
Dissessor, obs. form of DissEIsor.
Dissete, var. of Dissirz a. Obs. é
+ Dissettle, v. Os. [Dis- 6] trans. To
undo the settled condition of ; to unsettle, disturb.
- opinions. Hickman Quinguart. /Hist.(ed. 2) 92 There
is usually something of disorder cleaving to the best things
that are done in dissettled times,
Disse'ttlement. [f. prec. + -wenT.] The
action of dissettling ; the fact of being dissettled:
+a. Disturbance, unsettlement. Ods. b. Dislodge-
ment or ejection from one’s settled abode or place. .
1654 Cromwe.L Sf. Dissol. Parit. 22 Subjecting us to
Dissettlement in every Parliament. 1668 H. More Div.
Dial. 11. ii. (1713) 182 margin, His Relapse into Dissettle-
ment of Mind. 1880 Masson A/iéfon VI... i, 232 The dis-
settlement of so many families, the breaking of old links.
Dissever (dise'va1), v. Forms: 3-5 desevir,
3-6 desever, 5 desevyr, deceuer; 4- dissever
(4-5 dess-, 4-6 disc-, 5-6 dysc-, dyss-, 4-5 -evir,
5-6 -evyr, 6 -iver, -ivir, -yfer). [a. AF. deseverer,
desceverer, OF. dessevrer, desevrer disseverer) (10th
c. in Godef.), mod.F. (techn.) desseuvrer:—L. dissé-
parare, {. Dis- 1, 5 + séparare to SEPARATE.]
1. trans. To separate (a person or thing from
another or from a body, two or more things from
each other); to divide, disjoin, sever, part, disunite.
cago Old Kent. Serm. in O. E. Misc. 31 Purch scab nis
nacht man and wyman d ird fram felarede. 1
Wycur 1 Chron. xxv. 1 [‘Thei] deseuereden than in to the
servyce the sonys of Asaph. c 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxxiii.
149 Pissemyres .. disseuerez fyne gold fra pe vnfyne.
© 1450 Mirour Saluacion 2554 When thai his body and sawle
with the crosse disseueryd. | ss Bet ee. VIII, c. 31
heading, Disseueringe the bishoprick hester..from the
iurisdiction of Canturbury. 15s0 Covernate Spir. Perle vii.
Wks. 1844 I. 117 The kernel lieth mixed among the chaff, and
afterward are they dissevered asunder with the fan or windle.
1595 Suaks. Fohn u. i. 388 Disseuer your vnited strengths.
1681 H. More /x/. Dan. i.6 A Stone cut out without hands,
no man with Axe or Gavelock dissevering it. 1695. Lo.
Preston Boeth. vy. 224 Mankind must of necessity .. be dis-
severed and disjoined from its Good. 1712-14 Pore Rape
Lock wt. 153 ‘The meeting points the sacred dissever
hair
From the fair head for ever and for ever! or Agha 4
Petham Wii, The difference in our politics had of late much
dissevered us. 1877 Farrar Days of Youth xix. 179, | have
dissevered them from their context.
2. To divide into parts. ms
c1400 Destr. Troy 1602 Thurgh myddis pe..toune meuyt
a water, And disseuert pe Cite. 1417 Searchers Verdicts
in Surtees Misc. (1890) 11 Chosen be the assent of
for to dissevir a grounde of a tenement .. betwix the Dene
and Chipitre..of the ta party, and the Maistre and Freres
.. on the other party. 1571 Dicces Pantom. 1. xxi. Pj a,
The .. Pollygonium, which you shall divide by the num!
— = to ye would disseuer it. a 1845 Hoop
Public Dinner ii, A. seas that is oldish—At carving not
to
clever—You're begg' d '. J. Scorrexy in
Orr's Circ. Sc. Chem, 3 This mass may be dissevered into
smaller parts. ,
+b. To break up, dissolve or disperse (a com-
bination). Ods.
1393 Gower Conf. I. 234 He that hte to dissever
The compaignie of hem for ever. 1615 J. Srernens Satyr.
Ess. 66 ‘The very name of Crumwell was able to dissever
insurrections. y
Corr.
87 They did many. .famous actes..and many mo had like to
SN bene dons. if they had not dissevered Prong
*b. intr. To separate, part, go asunder, depart.
3386 Cuaucer Can. Veo, Prob § T. 322 That futur
maad men disseuere..from ai pa
is deadly speare.
1820 Suxttey Ode Lid. x, As light may Pere the clouds
when they dissever In the calm regions of the orient day !
Hence Disse’vering vd/. sb. and ffi. a.
Henry Wallace vu. 557 Our di I wald na
othere une saw. Sreunax Let. Hen. Vil in
England p.\x, To th ssyferyng..schal neuer le
the Oe ented asda, 1610 HoLtann Camden's
Brit. 1. 377 Pleasant..Islets lye dispersed by the eo
disseuerings of waters, @ 1822 SHELLEY Pr. Wks, (1880,
ILI. 57 Their dissevering and t: institutions, ‘
DISSEVER.
+ Disse'ver, 5. Ods. rave. [f. prec. vb.] The
act of dissevering ; severance.
1508 Dunbar Poents vi. 22 Semper ibi ad r dum,
uhill domisday, without disseuer.
everance (dise'vérins). Forms: see
prec. vb. [a. OF. dessevrance, etc. (Godef.), f.
dessevrer to DISSEVER: see -ANCE.] The action
or fact of dissevering or separating ; separation.
1374 Cuaucer 7roylus 1. 1375 (1424) That I was born
allas what me is wo, That day of vs mot make desseuer-
aunce. 1463 Bury Wills (Camden) 20 A deseueraunce maad
of stoon wal ovir the entre, to parte the litil botrie vnder the
gresys. 1586 A. Day Zug. Secretary 1. (1625) 86 To ex-
tinguish the cause of falling of the disseverance, or breach.
1832 Fraser's Mag. V1. 377 The disseverance of Belgium
and Holland should be considered as matter of history.
Disseveration (disevéré':fon). [f. Dissever
+-ATION.] =prec.
16.. Cont. Knolles' Hist. Turks 1434 E. (L.) Both will be
the clearer by the disseveration. 1829 O'ConneLt in //ist.
Europe in Anne Reg. 127/1, 1 want no disseveration ; but I
want, and must have, a repeal of that cursed measure which
deprived Ireland of her senate. 1882 A. C. Lyati Asiatic
Stud. 5 This process is in India continually interrupted..
b the religious element of disseveration.
Dissevered (dise’void), 22. a. [f. as prec. +
-ED1,.] Separated, disunited, divided.
1471 Riptey Comp, Alch. w. in Ashm. (1652) 144 Of dys-
severyd qualytes a Copulacyon. 1583 STANyHuURST Aencis
u. (Arb.) 64 If Gods eternal thee last disseuered offal Of
‘Troy determyn too burne. 1614 Raceicu Hist. World u.
iv. § 10 They were a Nation apart and dissevered. 1795,
CorerincE Lines in Manner Spenser 12 With thoughts of
my dissevered Fair ingrost. 1835 Browntnc Paracelsus 1.
Wks. (1889) 65 Are we not halves of one dissevered world ?
+b. A/ath. =DIscrere 2. Obs.
1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. i. viii. § 2. 31 The one handling
quantitie continued, and the other disevered. 1654 Z. Coke
Logick (1657) 29 Quantity is either continued, as greatnesse :
dissevered, as number.
Disseverment (dise'vaimént). [f. as prec. +
-MENT; cf. obs. F. dessevrement (Godef.).] The
action or process of dissevering ; disseverance.
@ 1603 T. Cartwricut Confut. Rhem. N. T.(1618) 619 We
uphold the difference of Minister and people by greater
railes and disseverments of discretion both in calling and
gifts. 1819 Scorr Leg. Montrose vi, I could no more con-
sent.,than the woman in the judgement of Solomon to the
disseverment of the child, 1849 Murcuison Si/uria xiii.
iH Those disseverments which mark the separation of the
wer from the Upper Coal. 1885 Miss O’H anton Unfore-
seen xxxviii, Since the day of their wretched disseverment.
Disseyte, -eyue, obs. ff. Decerr, DEcrIvVE.
Disseyvaunt, var. of DEcEIVANT a. Ods.
c1450 Bk, Curtasye 208 in Babees Bk. 305 Inswete wordis
nedder was closet, Disseyuaunt euer and mysloset.
Dissha‘dow, disha‘dow, v. rare. [Dis-
7a.] trans, To free from shadow or shade.
x610 G. FLetcuer Christ's Vict. xlii, Soon as he againe
dishadowed is, Restoring the blind world his blemish’t sight.
1873 A. & P. Cary Aemorial 107 For out of heaven no
bliss—Disshadowed lies, like this.
+ Dissha‘pe, disha‘pe, v. Ols. rare. [f. di-,
Dis- 6+SHAPE v.: cf. mzsshape.] trans. To put
out of shape, disfigure.
1583 Harsnet Serm, Ezek. (1658) 131 Who so dishapes or
defaces that Image.. it is Capitale, a matter of life and Death.
Disshe, obs. form of Disu. ;
Dissheathe (dis,{73),v. save. Alsodisheathe.
[f. Dis- 6 + SHEATHE v.] trans. To draw out of
a sheath; to unsheathe. (Also zur. for reft.)
1614 Rateicu Hist. World ui. iv. § 3 Cambyses’ sword
dis-sheathing, pierced his owne thigh. 1840 BrowninG Sor-
dello 1. 274 Like the great palmer-worm..So fed Sordello,
not a shard disheathe
Dissheviled, obs. form of DisHEVELLED.
+ Disship, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6 +S v.]
trans. To remove from a ship.
1557 Instr. Mariners Russia in Hakluyt (1886) III. 164
The Captaine..shall..disship any artificer..or apprentice
out of the Primrose into any other of the three ships.
+ Disshi'ver, v. Ols. Also 6 di-. [f. Dis- 1+
SHIVER v.] ¢rans. To shiver in pieces; to shatter.
b. zntr. To become shattered, fall to piece.
1586 W. Wespe Lng. Poetrie (Arb.) 50 Shieldes dishyuer-
ing cracke. 1596 SpeNsER F. Q. 1v. 1. 21 All within.. There
were. .Disshivered speares, and shields ytorne in twaine.
@ 1638 Meve Kem, Apoc, x. Wks. (16; 2) 111, 600 The Empire
flourishing under one Monarch, not falling or disshivering.
hort: see DisHort.
Disshroud (dis,frau-d), v. rare. [f. D1s- 6 or
7a + SuRoup v. or sb.] trans. To deprive of a
shroud ; fig. to unveil, expose. ;
1577 Stanynurst Descr. Jed. u. in Holinshed (1587) 1. 15
As his negligence shall be in the one disshrow[d]ed, so his
slanderous judgement maie be in the other reversed 1868
Browninc Ring §& Bk. x. 2125 Like a ghost disshrouded,
white the sea,
Dissidence (disidéns). [ad. L. déssidéntia,
f. disstdére to sit apart, disagree, f. Dis- 1 + sedére
to sit: see-ENcE. So in mod.F.] Disagreement
(in opinion, character, etc.) ; difference, dissent.
1656 BLount Glossogr., Dissidence, discord or displacing.
1975 Burke Sf, Conc. Amer. Wks. II]. 53 But the religion
most prevalent in our northern colonies is a refinement on
the principle of resi : it is the dissid of di :
and the ism of the p ligi 1847 Lewes
Hist. Philos. Comte (1867) 11. 592 In the sciences there is
less dissidence, but there 1s the same absence of any general
509
doctrine. 1863 Gro. Extor Romola ut. xxxii, That dissi-
dence between inward reality and outward seeming. 1874
Green Short Hist. viii. § 7. 539 Among the farmers .,
dissidence of every type had gained a firm foothold. 1891
— 24 Feb. 9/5 Dissenting for the mere pleasure of dissi-
ence,
+ Dissidency. 00s. rare. [f. as prec.: see
-ENCY.] =prec.
1670 Conclave wherein Clement VIII was elected Pope
3 The Cardinals..(were it either dissidency, or jealousie, or
any other passion) were extreamly divided.
ssident (di‘sidént), a. and sd, [ad. L. dés-
sidént-em, pr. pple. of désstdére: see D1sswwENCE.
Cf. F. dissedent (16th c. ; adm. by Acad. 1798).]
A. adj. Disagreeing or differing (in opinion, char-
acter, etc.) ; at variance, different. Const. from.
¢ 1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Erg. Hist. (Camden) I. 257 These
thinges are not altogether dissident from the trewthe. 1581
Rosinson tr. A/ore’s Utop. 1. (Arb.) 130 Sca[r]selie so farre
frome vs .. as our life and maners be dissident from theirs.
1617 Cotiins Def. BP. Ely 283 A forme of prayer dissident
from the common, 1837 CartyLe /’”. Kev. IIL. vi. vii. (1872)
241 The dissident Armed-Forces have met. 1865 W. G. Pat-
GRAVE Arabia I. 212 In most respects so dissident from
the Wahhabee sectarians. 1890 Lowet Latest Lit. Ess.
(1892) 97 Men .. dissident .. in other respects, were agreed
in resenting these impediments
b. Dissenting in eccl tical matters.
1837 CartyLe 7”, Rev. IL. iii. iv. (1872) ror Whereby come
Dissident ejected Priests; unconquerable Martyrs accord-
ing to some,..chicaning Traitors according to others.
B. sd. One who disagrees ; a dissentient.
1789 H. Watrote Let. to H.S. Conway 15 July, Some
may be seized by the dissidents, and whole provinces be
torn from the crown. 1826 Scotr Rev. Avmble's Life
(1849) 153 The scruples of such dissidents from public
opinion are real. 1886 G. ALLEN Darwin vii. 120 ‘The
magic of his name silenced the derisive whispers of the
dissidents,
b. One who dissents from the established or
dominant form of religion; a dissenter.
1790 (¢7¢/e), An Address to the Dissidents of England on
their late Defeat. 1809 Syp. Smitu Iiks. (1859) I. 164/12
He did defend and support it; and did persecute all dissi-
dents from its doctrine. 1855 Mirman Lat. Chr. LV. 294
Leonists, Speronists, and dissidents of all other descriptions
were incapable of holding places of honour. 1874 GreEN
Short Hist. viii. § 7. 538 Against dissidents from their own
system, the Presbyterians were as bitter as Laud himself.
ec. spec. Under the kingdom of Poland, the name
(L. déssidentes) given to Protestants, members of the
Greek Church, and other Christians, not of the
established Roman Catholic Church.
1766 Hist. Europe in Aun. Reg. 11/2 Nothing could be
granted to the dissidents; not even the toleration of their
worship. _1767 Curesterr. Lett, 5 May, I have a great
opinion of the cogency of the controversial arguments of
the Russian troops in favour of the Dissidents. 1837-9
Hatvam “Hist. Lit. ii. 1. § 14 In the Polish diets the dissi-
dents, as they were called, met their opponents with vigour
and success.
Dissidiousness, var. DestpiousNEss, Obs.
+ Dissidy. Ods. rare. [ad. L. déss¢di-um (now
held to be error for désczdinm), f. disstdére: see
DissiDENCE.] Disagreement, difference.
1657 TomLinson Revou's Disp. 281 Barbarism in speech
Goh not so much move me, as their dissidy in the very
thing.
Dissight (<issoit, disoit). [f.D1s-9 + Stenrsd.
This form is more in accordance with analogy than
the synonymous DesicHT.] Something unpleasant
to look upon, an unsightly object, an eyesore.
er7io C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 148 It would be ..no
dissight to y* grace of y* Streets. 1821 Soutney Vis. of
Fudgm. Pref., This is noticed as merely a dissight, and of
no moment. 1879 Sir G. G. Scorr Lect. Archit. 1. 234
Sufficient extension of abutment could not be obtained
without inconvenience or dissight. %88r Mrs. A. R. Extis
Sylvestra 11. 24 [He] pulled down a picturesque old church
to replace it by a regular and commodious dissight.
Dis-si:ghted, Af/. a. [Dis- 6.] =Unsicuren,
1825 Sport. Mag. XVI. 338/2 That the course be deemed
to end .. where one or both dogs get dis-sighted. [Cf. zdcd,
268/2 If one or both dogs be unsighted.]
si‘ghtly, a. rave. = UNSIGHTLY.
x77 T. Camppete Surv. S. rel. 104 Everything dis-
sightly is... screened from the view. 1884 Jrud. R. Agric.
Soc, XV. 1, 474 These make a turf look very dissightly.
Dissigni‘ficative, a. Ots.—° [Dis- 1o.]
1721 Battey, Dissignificative, that serveth to signify
something different from.
Dissi‘lience. 0és.—° [see Dissturent and
-ENCE.] _The action of springing asunder.
1658 Puitiips, Dissilience, a leaping or bounding up and
down, a falling asunder. 1721 BaiLey, Déssilience, a leaping
down from off a place, or from one place to another: Also
a leaping asunder. Sy
Dissiliency (dissi‘liénsi). rare. [see next
and -ENcy.] The quality of being dissilient ;
tendency to spring asunder. Zit, and fg.
1882-3 A. P. Peasopy in Schaff Encycl. Relig. Knowl.
Ill. 1747 Not only dissent, but strong dissiliency was
almost unanimously expressed by the Unitarian clergy.
Dissilient (dissi-liént), a. [ad. L.disstlient-em,
pr. pple. of déssz/ire to leap or spring asunder, fly
apart, f. Dis- 1 + sa/ire to leap.] Leaping asunder,
springing apart; sfec. in Bot. bursting open with
force, as do some ripe capsules.
1656 Biount Glossogr., Dissilient, leaping down off a
place, or hither and thither. 1793 T. Martyn Lang. Bot.,
DISSIMILATION.
Dissiliens pericarpium, a dissilient, bursting or elastic
pericarp or fruit. 1830 W. Puitups M4. Sinai 1. 120 Na-
ture sprang Ofttimes dissilient from her destined course.
+ Dissilition. O¢s. [n. of action f. L. déss¢-
lire to leap asunder: cf. prec. and L. sa/itzo a leap-
ing.] A leaping or springing apart ; a bursting.
1660 Bove New Exp. Phys. Mech, xxxvii. 312 The Dis-
silition of that Air was so great, that the small Viol seem’d
to be full of Milk. 1669 — Contn. New Exp. 11. (1682) 166
The Glass broke..and made a great noise at its dissilition.
1685 — fects of Mot. Suppl. 143 ‘The dissilition depended
chiefly upon the peculiar texture of the Glass.
Dissimilar (disi:milas), @. (sd.) Also 7-8 dis-
simular. [f. Dis- 10 + Simivar: cf. F. déssemi-
datre (Paré, 16th c.), L. déssimiits unlike.]
Not similar or alike; different in appearance,
properties, or nature; unlike. Const. Zo (less often
Jrom, rarely with.)
Dissimilar whole (Logic), a whole composed of hetero-
geneous parts. Dissimilar parts (in old Avat.), organs of
the body composed of various ‘similar parts’ or tissues.
Opposed to ConsimiLar.
1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. i. u. iv, Dissimudlar parts are
those which wee call Organicad/, 1632 SHERWOOD, ‘Ihe dis-
similar parts of the body, des parties dissimilaircs du
corps {not in Cotgr. 1611). 1656 Stantey //ist. Philos. v.
(1701) 166 Heterogeneous, consist of dissimular parts. 1705
Cueyne Philos, Princ. Relig. 1. xxiv. (1715) 47 As well
may the Ray be supposed to be dissimilar to the body of
the Sun. 1779-81 Jounson L. P., Addison Wks. 11. 87
A poetical simile is the discovery of likeness between two
actions, in their general nature dissimilar. 1802 Mrs. EF.
Parsons A/yst. Visit u.154 A wish of her own dissimilar
with any expressed wish of his. 1819 W. ‘T'aytor in A/onthly
Rev. LXXXIX. 78 Short lucubrations, not dissimilar from
those of the Sfectator. 1848 C. Bronte ¥. Eyre xii, A new
picture .. it was dissimilar to all the others hanging there.
1876 Humrnreys Coin-Coll. Alan. vi. 69 An entirely new
style of coinage..which..was..dissimilar from the Roman.
+b. Zot, Applied to the cotyledonary or seed-
leaves of a plant, as being unlike in form to the later-
developed ordinary leaves. Oés.
1671 Grew Anat. Plants 1. i. § 42. These Dissimilar
Leaves, for the most part ‘I'wo, which first spring up, and
are of a different shape from those that follow, being the
very Lobes of the Seed. 1721 Battry, Disstmilar leaves
(with Botanists) are the two.first leaves of a Plant.
B. as sd. (in f/.) Dissimilar things.
1654 Z. Coxe Logick (1657) 202 Dissimilars are wont
chiefly to deserve explication. 1727-51 [see DussimILe].
1869 Goutsurn Puss, Holiness viii. 67 If the dissimilars be
not related to one another.
Hence + Dissimilarness. = next.
1727 Baitry vol. II, Dissimilarness, unlikeness.
Dissimilarity (disimileriti). [f. prec. after
Sourarity: cf. KF. désstmilartté] — Dissimilar
quality or nature; unlikeness, difference ; also, an
instance of this, a point of difference.
1705 Cueyne Philos. Princ. Relig. 1. xxiv. (1715) 49 The
acquired principle of dissimilarity must repel these Beings
.. from their centre. 1806 Syp. Smitu lem. Sk. Alor.
Philos. (1850) 382 From their great dissimilarity with those
which preceded them. 1841 Evrninstone //7st. Jd. 1. 97
Difference of habits and employments is. . sufficient to create
as great a dissimilarity as exists between the Bramin and the
Stidra. 18g0 F. Fysu in Spurgeon 77eas. Dav. Ps, 1xxxi. 6
Their dissimilarity to the Egyptians appears at the first view.
1882 Farrar Larly Chr. 1. 296 It is vain to talk about dif-
ference of subject .. as furnishing any explanation of these
dissimilarities.
Dissimilarly (disi:milasli), a/v. [f. Disst-
MILAR+-LY2,] In a dissimilar or unlike manner ;
differently.
a1770 SMart Hof Garden 1. (R.) Chalky sides With ver-
dant shrubs dissimilarly gay. J.T. Spracue in Eng.
Mech. 24 Dec. 341/1 Substances dissimilarly electrified at-
tract each other,
+ Dissi-milary, @. (sb.) Obs. [f. Dis- 10 +
Smtary.] Dissimilar, unlike; heterogeneous.
1624 F. Wuite Reply Fisher 476 Similarie and dissimilarie
parts make but one bodie. 1641 Frencu Distiél. v. (1651)
1og It appears there are dissimilary parts in water. 1660
R. Coxe Power § Subj. 58 A body compounded of hetero-
geneous and dissimilary parts.
B. as sé. = DIssIMILaR sb.
1661 Fevtuam Resolves (ed. 8) u. Ixxxi, In dissimilaries,
there is a kind of natural contest that hinders all Prosperity.
Dissimilate (disi‘mile't), v. rare. . [f. Dis- 4
+ L. simil-ds like, after ASSIMILATE.] a. trans.
To make unlike b. zz¢r. To become unlike.
184r Cariin VN, Amer. Ind. (1844) IL. lviii. 234 It is far
easier .. for distinct tribes, or languages, grouped and used
together, to assimilate than to dissimilate, ~ Douse
Grimm's L. vi. 45 The habit .. of continually substituting
sl for the s which they as continually hear about them,
induces in their mind what I shall venture to call a ‘ Dis-
similating Sentiment’.
Dissimilation (disimiléi-fan). [n. of action
f, prec., after assémélation.] The action of making,
or process of becoming, unlike : opp. to ASSIMILA-
TION. sfec. a. hzlol. The differentiation of two
identical sounds occurring near each otherin a word,
by change of one of them, as in It. pelegrino from
Lat. peregrinus. b. Biol. Destructive metabolism ;
katabolism: opp. to ASSIMILATION 4.
In quot. 1830, used for the preparation of two dissimilar
sets of papers, to be presented to either belligerent, as
needed. yifi ¢ 3
1830 Gat Lawrie 7. u. v. (1849) 57 His misfortune ht
be .. owing to the dissimilation of the ship's papers. 1874
ee
DISSIMILATIVE.
Sweer & ng Sounds 13 Dissimilation .. by which two iden-
tical sow are made unlike, or two similar sounds are
made to diverge. 1885 a Hehn's Wand. Pl. §
Anim, 476 The modern Latin languages felt .. the need of
dissimilation.
“milative, «. i after prec. and assé-
milative ; see -1VE.] Tending to or causing «lis-
similation : LF sy in Biol. katabolic.
In recent Dicts.
Dissimile (disi-milz), sd. [a. L. déssimile, neut.
of dissimilis unlike ; after Snnte.] The opposite
of ‘simile’; a comparison setting forth the dis-
similarity of things ; a comparison or illustration
by contrast : see DIssIMILITCDE 2.
1682 [see Dissimmirs 1659], 1727-51 Cuampers Cre/.,
Dissimilitude, or Dissimili, im rhetoric, etc., an argument,
wherein, from dissimilar, or unlike things, other dissimilars
are deduced. 1826 H. N. Corerioce Hest Indies 179 No
more to be compared to the last .. than I to Hercules, a
meeting house to a church, W estininster to Eton, or any
other equally appropriate dissimile.
issimile, -ill, etc., var. ff. DisstmuLEe v. Ods.
+ Dissi-milies, sh. pl. Obs. nonce-wd. [ad.
L. dissimilia unlike things, neut. pl. of dissimilis
unlike.] Unlike things ; ‘dissimilars’.
1659 O. WALKER Oratory vi. 63 margin, Dissimilies [1682
dissimiles] and Contraries, expressed .. By Disjunction.
Dissimilitude (disimi- litized). [ad. L. disst-
militido unlikeness, difference, dissimilarity, f. d¢s-
similis unlike: see -TUDE.]
1. The condition or quality of being unlike; un-
ices, difference, dissimilarity ; diversity.
More Confut. Tindale Wks. 682/2 There is speciall
disstailinade betwene the sinagoge and y' church, 1
Brief Exam, + + * iv, Dissimilitude of life and diversitie
of maners. 1697 tr. Burge rrsdicius his Logic i. xxi. 84 Dis-
similitude in a diversity either in quality or passion. 1764
Rein /nguiry vy. viii. Wks. I. 131/2 The colours are perfectly
distinguishable, and their dissimilitude is manifest. 1
J. H. Newman //is¢ S&. IL. 1. iti. 50 It often happens that
men of very dissimilar talents .. are attracted together by
their very dissimilitude. 5
b. with a and f/. An instance of dissimilarity.
1594 Hooker Fec/. Pol. Pref. ii. § 2 Whereupon grew
marvellous great dissimilitudes. 1642 Howe tt for. / rar.
(Arb.) 30, I knowe Nature delights and triumphs in dis-
similitudes. 1759 JOHNSON Rasselas xxvili, New impres-
sions .. might wear away their dissimilitudes by long co-
habii 5863 HawtHorne Our Old Home, Leamington
ree 53 Such places .. bloom only for the summer-
season, and offer a thousand dissimilitudes even then.
+2. Adet. A figure of speech in which a com-
parison is made by contrast. Oés.
1§89 Puttennam Eng. Poesie i. xix.(Arb.) 248 The Tuskan
poet vseth this Resemblance, inuring as well by Dissimili-
tude as Similitude. 1628 T. Srencer Logick 128 This that
I haue sayd .. is sufficient to shew the .. vse of similitudes,
and dissimilitudes. 1696 Puitiirs, Dissimilitnde, uniike-
ness, whence a Form of Speech is so called wherein divers
things are compared in a diverse Quality. 1727-51 [see
Dissimice).
[f. L déssémul-
+ Dissi‘mulable, a. Oss.—°
are to dissemble + -BLE.] That may be dissembled.
1727 in Battey vol. II. ‘i
7 Dissi-mulance. Chiefly Sc. Obs, Also
-simil-, -symil-. [ad. L. dissimulantia a dissem-
bling, f. désstmulare: see DissiMULE and -ANCE.]
Dissembling, dissimulation.
1508 Dunsar Gold. Targe 182 Quhen Venus had persauit
this rebute, Dissymilance scho bad go mak persute. 1513
DovucGtas neis w. vi. 49 With dissimulance wenyt thow,
wnfaithfull wycht, Thow mycht haif hid fra me sa fals a
flycht. 1530 Lynpesay = Papyngy 617 Dissimilance,
flattry, nor fals reporte. Datreyopce tr. Leslie's Hist.
Scot. x. 417 That al sal ee vnderstand his wil to be naiket
and bair of ony couering of dissimulance towards the King.
1727 Raicey vol. II, Dissimudance, dissembling.
Dissimular, obs. form of DissiMiLak.
+Dissimulate, a. Ols. Also 5 -ait, 6 -at,
disimilate. [ad. iG dissimulat-us, pa . pple. of
dissimulare ; see next.] Dissembled, higeel, pre-
tended.
©1450 Henryson — Fab. 17 This feinzet Foxe, false
and dissimulate. Act 25 Hen. VIII, c. 12 Fals
feined & distiqvaene te les. 1556 J. Hevwoop ‘Spider & F.
Lxiii. to Fayre disiantlage show. 1632 Lirucow /rav. tv. 145
By his dissimulate behaviour, he crept in favour with Chris-
tians. 1653 R. Baiwue Dissuasive Vind. (1655) 22 [He]
speaks in a dissimulate and prevaricating way
Hence + Dissi‘mulately adv. ; + Dissi-mulate-
ness.
1549 ComApl. Scot. te 182 3e sal be recompensit .. for jour
astuce dissymilitnes. ;< Heywoop Spider & F. xxxiii,
24 The bp spake = “egiee - Thant [i, e, the ant)
yt
Dissimulate (disi mistle t), vw [f L. déssé-
l. stem of dissimulare : see DISSIMULE.
. the end of 28th c.; not in J., T., nor Webster
1828.]
+ 1. trans. To pretend not to sce, leave unnoticed,
= over, neglect. Ods. rare.
Lp. Berners Gold. Be. M. Aurel. ix. (R.) That al
dan forgiuen to theim that be olde and broken, and to
theim that be be voras and lusty to dissimulate for a time, and
to be forgiuen to very yong chi
2. "21S conceal or ve under a feigned ap-
ice; to dissemble.
1610 Br. CarLeTon er ae Doms eae
prisoner when he would haue his estate, he
510
by his picture. 1872 Geo. Exior numer
iii, Public feeling the
dissimulated red tall barricades of frizzed curls and rent
1882 Stevenson New. Arab. Nits. (1884) 127 If ever .. he
described some experience to himself, it was so
aptly dissimulated as to pass unnoticed with the rest.
b, intr. To practise dissimulation, to dissemble.
1796 Mrs. Howett Ansoletta Zadoski 1. 152 He could
not so far d as to his
Lytton Lucretia ii, All weakness is prone to dissimulate.
3. Electr. To conceal the presence of (electricity)
by neutralizing it; cf. Diseuise z. 8.
1838 Faravay Exp. Kes, Electr. § 1684 The terms free
charge and dissimulated Electricity a tie therefore erro-
neous notions if oy are meant to nrg any difference as
was knowne
to the mode or kind of action. /¢ he one [charge] is
not more free or more dissimulated than abe other, 1870
T. Spracue in Eng, Mech. 11 Feb. 519/3 The tive
electricity - . neutralises the positive ..which is thus bound
of dissimulated,
Hence Dissi-mulated ///. a. ; Dissi*mulating
vbl. sb, and ppl. a.
1794 Miss Gunnine Packet I. 56 The mask..was torn from
. the dissimulating Mrs. Johnson. 1838 Dissimulated elec-
tricity [see 3 above]. 1843 Browninc Blot in Scutcheon 1.
iii, Some rhs leprous spot Will mar the brow’s dissimulat-
ing. 1874 Mivart Evolution in Contemp, Rev. Oct. 773 The
long dissimulated Atheism of Mill is now avowed.
Dissimulation (disimiwlz-fan). Also 4-6
-symul-, 5-symyl-, 4-6- acion,-acioun, -acyoun,
-atyon. [a. OF. dissimudation (12th c. in Hatz.-
Darm.), ad. L. dissimulation-em, n. of action from
dissimulare : see DisStMuLE.]
1. The action of dissimulating or dissembling ;
concealment of what really is, under a feigned sem-
blance of something different; feigning, hypocrisy.
¢ 1386 Craucer Sompn. T. 415 He wolde pat the frere had
been on fire With his false dissymulacion. 1393 Gower
Conf. 1.
-. Lam pus wickedly deceiued. 1494 Fanyan Chron, v1.
ccev. 217 Thus with shame he ended, that in falshode and
dissymylacion had contynued moche of his lyfe. 1538
Starkey England 11. ii. 191 Hys owne clyent .. by hys dys-
symulatyon and fare wordys was interteynyd in long sute.
1611 Biste Nom. xii. g Let loue be without dissimulation,
1710 SteeLe 7 atler No, 213 ? 1 Simulation is a Pretence of
what is not, and Dissimulation a Concealment of what is.
1780 Cowrer Jadle 7. 129 Smooth ray ae skilled to
grace A devil's purpose with an angel's face. Froupe
Hist. Eng. 1. 238 An indifferent master of the peat of dis-
simulation to which he was reduced. ;
b. with @ and f/. An instance of this; an act
of dissembling. Ods. or arch.
¢ 1384 Cuaucer /. Fame 1. 179 Moo dissymulacions And
feyned reparacions. ¢ 1400 Three Kings Cologne 13 Pe kyng
Ezechias of verry Innocency of hert made a dissimilation.
1582 N. Licneriep tr. Castanheda's Cong. E. Ind. \xiii.
129a, Ail those dissimulations which he did vse.
+c. Dissimulated or disguised form. Ods. rare.
1671 Mitton /”. X. 1. 497 Satan, bowing low His gray dis-
simulation, disappeared Into thin air diffused.
+ 2. A fanciful name for a ‘ company ’ or flock of
small birds. Ods.
1486 Bk. St, Albans F vyja, A Dissimulacion of breddis.
1688 R. Houme 4 rmoury 1. 311/1 A flock of small Birds, or
a dissimulation of Birds.
Dissimulative (disimiltiv), a. rare. [f.
L. stem dissimu/at-: see DIssiMULATE v. and -IVE.]
Given to, or characterized by, « dissimulation.
1802 Mrs. E. Parsons Myst. Visit, 1V. 163 Tired of the
dissimulative life he had been compelled to observe. 1872
Miss Brappvon &. A insleigh xv, The man was past-master
of all dissimulative arts.
Dissimulator (disimisle'tar). Also 6 -our.
[ad. L. déssimudator a dissembler, agent-n. from
dissimulare. Cf. mod.¥. dissimulateur.] One who
dissimulates or feighs ; a dissembler.
1s00-20 Dunnar Poems xikx. 1 Off the falis fox dissimvla-
tour, Kynd hes every theiff and tratour. 1799 Mrs. J.West
Tale of Times U1. 145 To drive the mean dissimulator from
the affected decency of deism into the bold audacity of
atheism. 1827 Lp. Lyrron /’edham \xvii, Dissimulator as I
was to others,_I was like a guilty child before the woman I
loved, 1867 Swives Huguenots Eng. iii.(1880) 45 peda beg
mother, being a profound dissimulator, appeared
posed to bargain with the Reformed.
+ Dissi‘mule, v. Oés. Also 4-6 dissy-,
dissumule, -symyl, dyssymyl(e, 5-6 euepl,
dissymyl e,6dis- dyssimill,-symell,.Sv.-simull,
-symile, -semle, -semmil. fa. OF. dissimule-r
(14th c. in Littré), ad. L. dissimulare to disguise,
conceal, dissemble, f. dis-, Dis- 4 + simulare to
feign, after dissimil-is unlike, different. By de-
bass — of 6 after m, and vowel modification, this
dually changed into DIssEMBLE, qv.)
v phn) ‘o alter the semblance of (one’s gop
actions, etc.) so as to conceal or deceive; to
guise under a fei — semblance; = DIsSEMBLE v. +
cr connces dus. 322 His ‘wo he dissimulen
and Cannan a xvi. 65 sholde doo
this chentiy, in dyssym myn their ay Lo.
Berners //non \xxxii. 254 ge vayleth
not. @1§57 Mrs. M, Basser tr. More's Treat assion
x37 a(t En tae either to professe their beliefe, or
falselye to dissimull it. 1666 HotLaNnp Seton, 120 In part to
dissimule and ago) his weakenesse,
b. with zn/.
1388 Wycuir ers xX.
hym to here.
1570 BucHANAN Ane (dialed
(:852) 23 People..
4 O derke ypocrisie, Thurgh whos dissimulacion |
| fole or to dyssymylle folye i in tyme and i
| ally that it appeare to the world that
DISSIPABLE.
oy professis yame selffis in deid, and dissimulis in word to
ennemeis to > God and to justice.
2. Ja.sbes the ouiwanl sppecieee af (a person
or thing); to disguise ; = DissEMBLE
3483 Caxton Chas. ge aa: Wena eames
thou thy self lyke to the poure 1548 Gest /’r,
Masse 120 A king renounceth to be honourcd as a king
when he dyssymeleth.. hys personage and maiestye royall.
3. To pretend not to see or notice ; to overlook,
— ; = DISSEMBLE 3. hep
titage Kat ate Tour (1868) sooThe duke tha save her
sym ne to la’ at and dissymyled her request
kd ee i ow kee a io8) xxi. 234 If 4
suffre & dyssymule ony e euyll in subgectes. 1:
Inst. Chr. Man Lvjb, ny rete -wol ke thent, sad dine
mule it. 1636 B. oxson Discov., Morbi ix. rp Xo. in the
church, some errors may dissimuled with incon-
venience then they can be discover'd.
b. intr. with with, in same sense.
1558 Q. Kennevie Compend. Tract. in Wodr, Soc. Misc.
1844 I. 142 Magistratis dissimulis .. with the faltis of the
subjectis.
4. absol. or intr. To practise dissimulation ;
= DISSEMBLE 4.
1374 Cnaucer Treylus m. 385 (4 So wel ol Sone he
rise € 1386 — Manciple's 7. 243 hou were
deef, if that thou heere A Iangler. he gob ly Curiall 2
They that conne dyssymyle .. use better theyr tyme in
courtes than the other peple. 1513 Dovucias Anes 1. vi.
21 And to dissymill (ed. 1555 dissemmil] gif ony askit quhy.
1624 Brief Inform. Affairs Palatinate 5: Vnto the Princes
he dissimuled, and would not be knowne of the same con-
ditions.
b. const. with. (See also 3b.)
1471 Close Roll 10 Edw. /V’, 31 Mar., They dissimuled
with his said Highness. 1582 . Licnerten tr. Castan-
heda’s Cong. FE. Ind. xxxvi. 86a, He dissimuled therewith
onely to see whether.. he might lade there or no.
5. trans. To simulate, feign; = DISSEMBLE 5.
1483 Caxton Cato F iij b, Thou oughtest to make the a
the
thynge requyreth it. xrg7o-1 Act 11 Elis (Bolton Stat.
/rel, (1621) 311) His demaunds were yon to condition-
ment faithfully ..
which being dissimuled till the first of May [etc.}
b. with sudord. cl. or inf. phr. = DISSEMBLE 5b.
¢ 1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode = ates vy i 4 179 He™ 4
gladliche a fauce visa, he dissimuleth ag bye
dig, aloe no fener xix. 71 Why is it that
a briht angel.
I dyssymule to go a oute from my wyttes? 1553 Even
Treat. Newe ind. (Arb.) 36 pcg dissimuling thei
dich*
desired to ioyne fi with the
6. trans. To feign, invent, zs up falsely. rare.
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 314 b/a An illusion or an Inuen-
cion dissimyled of his brethren ‘the Freres.
“| 7. In the later Wycliffite version used to repre-
sent dissimulare of the Vulgate, where the sense
of the original is ‘linger’ and ‘leave off, cease’.
1388 Wyciir Gen. xix. 16 While he dissymelide [x xgé hym
denyinge] thei token his hond. —1 Sam, xxiii. 13
sy! ashes [1382 laft) to go out.
Hence + Dissi:muling 2d/. sb. and ffi. a. = Dis-
SEMBLING.
¢ 1374 Cnaucer Troylus y. 1613, Whiche I shal with dissi-
mulynge amende. ¢ 1386 — Sgr.'s 7. 277 Swich subtil look-
yng and eneyeraate, cxsts Cocke Lorell’s B. (Percy
.) 1x Dyssymulynge beggers. 1563 Foxe A. 4 Mf. 749b,
His subtile practises. .and dissimuling conueiance,
+ Dissi‘muled, f//.a. Obs. a: rh
= DISSEMBLED.
colour of hi 2 dicdnele sanctite, and
miracles, traitorously intended to distroy. .the echt up wi
Haut Chron., Hen. V (an. an. ap) 2068, seh a
rd, in poore habite, i
yo ASHINGTON tr. Nicholay's Voy. mule’ te
reac t's "Bade So nde The di i wal oe
OTT ouddier 24 issim' peace
poy he Princes.
2. That has “saianell a Dldgulert false ; charac-
terizéd oy tena Pap oe
1500-20 Dunnar Poems xxvi. 47 Him penn mon
dissymlit, With it wirdis rod oer! os Set
vii. 71 Thai haue sc sl gray sy and
pt Ne dew eben hm wal an 5 2
7 Disa} mule. | on Also +5 sour, 5
muler, 6
false morderour.. ffalse
et virtue ay | Kaew Bir aha bl
x Syma ta Thon Pl
Bk. Com ae Latimer
~ | (da 88cm: Pragr, id deers agg
+ Dissi‘new, v. Obs. rare. [Dis- 7 a.] trans.
poy x i A
‘atts tr. Bacon's ¥ vil.
ir eae aia
be Peng caafe: inde, and dissinewing the :
+ Dissipable, ¢. Os. [ad. L. ili's, £,
—~ Dissipate.] Princ may be ep.
ehin'tad apr'te ta Giapeoaad: reset Acne
DISSIPATE.
23 An idle life doth make the flesh soft and dissipable. 1696
Waiston Th, Earth 1. (1722) 54 Comets do not wholly con-
sist of Vapours, exhalations, or such other dissipable matter.
rxo T. Futter Pharm, Extemp. 237 Condensing and
fixing the dissipable. + ' ;
Hence + Dissipabi'lity, capability of being dis-
sipated.
1659 H. More Jmmort. Soul (1662) 87 Not onely the
fluidity of parts, but also their dissipability.
Dissipate (di'sipeit), v. [f. L. disspat- ppl.
stem of diss¢pare to spread abroad, scatter, disperse,
f. Dis- 1 + archaic vb. sepdire, sifare to throw,
throw about, scatter. Cf. F. d/sstper (14th c.).]
1. “rans. To scatter ; to drive or cause to go off
in all directions ; to disperse (that which has been
concentrated). arch.
1534 tr. Pol, Verg. Eng. Hist,(Camden) 199 ning Richerd
. having gatherid a huge host..because he wold not dissy-
pate his forces .. resolvyd [etc.], _@ 1635 NAuNTON /ragi.
Keg. (Arb.) 24 She [Mary] both dissipated and persecuted
the major part of her Brothers Councel. 1687 Lond. Gaz.
No. 2270/6 They have pressed and dissipated’ the Ships
Company .. about 70 in number. _ 1725 Pore Odyss. vi, 160
Alion.. Springs o’er the fence, and dissipates the fold. 1822
Lams Evia Ser. 1. Mod. Gallantry, Yo pick up her wander-
ing fruit, which some unlucky dray has just dissipated.
1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev. II. iv. v. (1872) 161 Several have
dissipated themselves, whithersoever they could.
b. intr. (for refl.) To pass away in all directions;
(of a company) to disperse.
1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 63 Those shelves of
sand, which do dissipate, and are spent in the sea, 1679
Lauderdale Papers (1885) 111. xciv. 163 The officers of the
*Dragoones required y™ in the King's names to Dissipate,
1704 Appison /faly 250 Woods that enclos’d the Lake, and
hinder’d these noxious Steams from dissipating. 1837 Car-
Lyte Fr, Rev. I. ww. iii. (1872) 114 At sight of the. .Switzers,
Saint-Antoine dissipates ; Rastily, in the shades of dusk.
+2. trans. To scatter in defeat; to disperse in
flight, to rout. Ods.
* 1602 WARNER A/b, Eng. xu. Ixxv, The once ship-bearing
Ley, by Alfred slu'ste in Three, To dissipate the Dane
foacoam 1670 Mitton Hist, Eng. 1. Wks. (1847) 4903/1. The
gion .. quickly broke and dissipated what oppos’d them,
1745-9 Rep. Cond, Sir $. Cofe 120 Able to tell his Majesty
.. that you have dissipated a Rebellion in Scotland. 1789
Cowrer Ann, Memorad, 6 Chiefs, whose single arm could
boast Prowess to dissipate a host.
3. To dispel by dispersion or minute diffusion
(mist, clouds, etc.) ; to cause to disappear ; to dis-
perse or ‘discuss’ (humours, etc).
1532 More Confut. Vindale Wks. 4or/2 They wil clerely
dissipate and discusse the myst. 160r Hotianp P/iny IIL.
262 ‘he root of marsh Mallow, doth dissipate and scatter
all gatherings of humors to an impostume. 1696 tr. Dz
Mont’s Voy. Levant 116, A thick and black Smoak ..was
dissipated in a Moment. 1732 Arsutunor Xules of Diet
12 Restoring as much Water to the Blood as is dissipated
y the Heat, 1810 SHELLEY Zastrozzi iv, Pr. Wks. 1888 I.
at The rays of the lamp but partially dissipated the dark-
ness. 1875 Lyell's Princ. Geol. 1. 1. cccxvil. 396 When the
acid is dissipated in the atmosphere.
b. fig. and ¢vansf. To dispel (care, fear, doubt,
or anything compared to cloud or darkness).
1691 HartciirFe Virtues 165 Such Companions, as shall
.. dissipate our sorrows with their innocent Mirth. 1710
Sree.e 7atlerNo. 4 ? 8 [It] has dissipated the Fears of
that People, 1828 D'Israr.i Chas. /, I. iv. 78 Cool shades
and exquisite viands in a moment dissipated heat and
hunger. 183r Brewster Vat, Magic v. (1833) 103 This illu-
sion may be dissipated by a process of reasoning. 18
Macautay Hist, Eng. 1V. 381 To dissipate his melancholy
by breathing the fresh air of that noble terrace.
¢c. intr. To pass away by minute dispersion or
diffusion ; to disappear.
1626 Bacon Sylvu § 632 The Spirits doe but weaken and
dissipate, when they come to the Aire and Sunne. os
Howe tt Dodona's Gr. (1645) 138 Libels neglected quickly
find their own graves, and disipat to ayr. 1758 J. S. Le
Dran's Observ. Surg. (1771) 239 The Hardness sensibly
dissipated. 1792 Anecd. W. Pitt I. xx. 323 Ina few weeks
.. the public prejudice began to dissipate. 1878 B. ‘Taytor
Deukatlion i. ti, Death and decay are things ‘That dissipate
beneath thy radiant eye.
4. trans. To disintegrate and reduce to atoms,
dust, smoke, or impalpable form; to destroy or
dissolve completely, undo, annul (material or im-
material objects).
— Divorce Hen. VIII, 45 This matrimony
ug
t not in any wise to have been dissipated and dis-
solved. 3638 Sir T. Hernert 77av, (ed. 2) 260 Fire is
— to a trayne .. and at length dissipates and blowes up
the detested Syrian [an effigy]. 1647 Jer. Tavtor Dissuas.
Popery ii. § 4 (T.) The legate .. revoked and dissipated all
former grants. 1651 /xdler’s Abel Rediv., Chytraeus 419
The Wars .. breaking forth .. the University of Wittenburg
was dissipated by reason of the same. 1692 Ray Disso/.
World i. i. (1732) 303 Shall the Heavens and Earth be
wholly dissipated and destroyed. 1798 Matruvus Popul.
(1817) I, 318 Violent. hurricanes, by which whole harvests
are dissipated, 1869 Pritiirs Vesuv. iii. 45 The crater itself
was dissipated in the convulsion. tan
b. intr. (for vefl.) To become disintegrated ; to
moulder to dust or impalpable atoms,
1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. 1. i. 33 If it gave over its
work .. it would soon dissolve, dissipate and corrupt. 1880
Disraett Endym. ix, His whole position .. seemed to dis-
solve, and dissi into insignifi frag:
5. trans, Toscatter or consume wastefully (money,
tesources, faculties) ; to waste, squander.
1682 Burnet Rights Princes ii. 68 The Goods of the
Church might not be dissipated. 1761 Hume Hist. Eng.
511
I, viii. 175 The prelate had dissipated money beyond the
income of his place. 1781 Gipson Decl. & F. 11. Ixi. 550
The elder brothers dissipated their wealth in romantic ad-
ventures, 1852 THACKERAY /smond 1. ii, He had dissipated
his small paternal inheritance. 1878 Bosw. Smitn Car‘hage
99 Rome could not yet afford so to dissipate her energy.
b. intr. (for refl.)
r62zz F. Markxuam Bk. War. v. vi. § 2. 182 The Kings
‘Treasure... which by any lavishnes of an .. vnrestrained
hand will soone dissipate.
6. ¢rans. To scatter or distract (attention, thought,
mental or practical activity) by variety of objects ;
to fritter away. The opposite of to concentrate.
1683 Burnet More's Utopia (1684) 191 Their Priests think
that too much light dissipates the thoughts. 1751 Jonson
Rambler No. 153 ® 4 ‘That application which had hitherto
been dissipated in general knowledge. 1769 Burke Corr.
(1844) I. 182 Various matters have so dissipated me as to
hinder me from a vigorous pursuit of this object. c¢1790
Wittock Voy. 285 The great variety .. deranges and dissi-
pates those powers, that in a state of nature have only one
object, 185x Cartyte Sterling 1. xii, (1872) 75 A gifted
amiable being .. in danger of dissipating himself into the
vague. 1883 Pall Mal/G. 18 Dec. 2 Thought may be dis-
ee into a number of apergus. :
. intr, To practise dissipation; to engage in
frivolous or (now usually) dissolute pleasures.
1836 ‘T.
spirits, so I dissipated in a glass of negus and a_ biscuit.
1839 Marryat Diary Amer, Ser. 1. IL, 224 He dissipates
awfully. 1859 Sata 72. round Clock (1861) 408 ‘The place
is not harmless ; people go there to dissipate, and do dis-
sipate.
Hence Di'ssipating v7. sb. and ffi. a.
1657 Cowtey Dé. Buckhm., In dissipating Storms, and
routed Battels they Did..constant with their Captain stay.
1818 G. S. Faner Horae Alosaice 1. 214 ‘The mixed and dis-
sipating society of a palace. 1891 Sfectator Mar., ‘The
education of the day is of a somewhat dissipating type.
+ Di‘ssipate, 7//.a. Obs. [ad. L. disstpat-us,
pa. pple. of dissipare; or short for dissipated : see
the yb.]_ = Disstparep.
1606 G. W[ooncockr] tr. //ist. Justine Ep. Ded. Aiv a, So
dissipate and large Countries, so rich and populous Citties,
1619 Bainsripce Descr. Late Comet 10 The Sunne rayes
were there alwayes more dissipate then in the Comet. 1715
Wodrow Corr. (1843) I. 101 The best of the rebels’ men
are dissipate and cut off. 1765 /eti/, in Mest, Gaz.
28 Dec. (1894) 8/1 The means employed. .in our youth for our
instruction in religion and virtue are wholly dissipate.
Dissipated, 7//. a. [f. prec. vb. +-ED 1]
1. Dispersed, scattered, dispelled, wasted, frittered
away.
1609 Biste (Douay) /sa. xxxiii. 8 The wayes are dissi-
pated, the passenger by the path hath ceased. 1659 Pi:ar-
SON Creed (1839) 521 So did they think a resurrection of
corrupted, dissolved, and dissipated bodies, to be .. im-
possible. 1683 Howr Let. to Lady Russell in H. Rogers
Life viii. (1863) 201 ‘Vo recollect ourselves, and recover our
dissipated spirits. @xz1z Ken Hysns Festiv. Poet. Wks.
1721 I. 387 At the great Day of all the Just, You shall
collect the dissipated Dust. 1738 Jotnson London 20 OF
dissipated wealth the small remains. 1791 Mrs. RapvciirFE
Rom. Forest (1806) 111, xix. 195 Adeline .. had now recol-
lected her dissipated thoughts. 1871 Morey Voltaire
(1886) 58 Freedom of thinking was only an empty watch-
word, the name for a dissipated fashion.
+b. Devoid of concentration.
1748 Cuesterr. Le/t. (1792) I. clxxv. 150 Many young
people are so light, so dissipated, and so incurious, that they
can hardly be said to see what they see.
2. Given to or characterized by dissipation ; dis-
solute.
1744 Jounson L. P., Savage Wks. 1796 X. 400 An
irregular and dissipated manner of life had made him the
slave of every passion. 1784 Cowper 7ask 11. 376 Who
seeks A social, not a dissipated life, 1788 Wrstry Serv.
Ixxix. Dissipation, King Charles the second, one of the
most dissipated mortals that ever breathed. 1848 C. BrontE
¥. Eyre x, A dissipated young man, 1848 Mrs. Jameson
Sacr. §& Leg. Art (1850) 183 Augustine passed his restless
youth in dissipated pleasures and desultory studies. 1865
ALForp in “— (1873) 384 We are making out a dissipated
week at the Macnaughten’s. e
Dissipater. Also 6 -our, 7-or. [f. Disst-
PATE v.+-ER!; cf. F.déssipateur (15th c. in Littré),
L. disstpator disperser, destroyer.] One who orthat
which dissipates, disperses, or scatters; one that
squanders or wastes.
1537, Latimer Serm. bef. Convocation Wks. I. 35 Be these
the faithful dispensers of goddis misteries, and nat rather fals
dissipatours of them? 1633 Ames Ags¢. Cerem.1.7 Samma
and Hilles, prophane dissipators of Gods Law. 1799 w.
‘Taytor in Monthly Rev. XXVIII. 516 A dissipater of his
patrimony. 1824 Scorr St. Roxan's xv. 1894 Barinc-GouLp
Deserts S. France 1, 86 The atmosphere when dry is the
best .. dissipater of the noxious elements.
Dissipation (disipz'fon). [ad. L. déssipation-
em, n. of action from dissipare to DisstpatTE. Cf.
F. dissipation (16th ¢.).]
+1. The action of dissipating or dispersing ; a
scattering ; the fact of being dispersed; dispersed
condition. Ods.
1545 Jove Exp. Dan. xii. (R.) Subuersions of empires &
kingdoms, skatterings and dissipacions of nacions. 1605
Suaxs. Lear t. ii. 161 Banish of friends, dissipation of
cohorts, nuptial breaches. 1667 Mitton P. Z. vi. 598 Foule
dissipation follow’d and forc’t rout. 1677 Hate Prim. Orig.
Man. un. iii. 143 Peleg, in whose time the famous dissipation
of Mankind and distinction of Languages hapned. 1760
C. Jounston Chrysal (1822) II. 214 In this dissipation I fell
to the lot of one of the officers.
Hook G. Gurney 1. 274, I was rather out of
DISSIPATIVITY.
b. Optics. The scattering or dispersion of rays
of light. Czrcle, radius of dissipation : see quots.
1748 Harttey Observ. Alan t, ii. 219 Narrow the Pupil of
the Eye, i. e. lessen the Radius of Dissipation, 1753 Cuam-
BERS Cycl. Supp. s.v., Circle of Dissipation .. is used for
that circular space upon the retina, which is taken up by
one of the extreme pensils of rays issuing from an object ..
Radius of Dissipation, the radius of the circle of Dissipa-
tion. 1794 G. Apams Nat. §& /xf. Philos. 11. xvii. 3
The circular spaces .. illuminated by pencils of rays .. are
called circles of dissipation, 1867 J. HocG A/verosc. 1. ii.
22 Produced by the central rays falling in a circle of dissi-
pation, before they have come to a focus.
2. The passing away or wasting of a substance,
or form of energy, through continuous dispersion or
diffusion,
1615 Crooke Body of Man 94 The substance of the whole
body hath a necessary diffluence and dissipation, as well by
the in bred heate. .as also by the outward aire. ¢1790 Imison
Sch. Art I, 62 In this case, the dissipation of the electricity
is not so considerable. 1881 Maxweii “lectr. §& Alagn.
I. 45 Coulomb investigated the law of dissipation. 188
Sir W. THomson in Nature No. 619. 441 Losing .. 20 per
cent of this [energy] by the generation and dissipation of
heat through the conductor.
attrib, 1879 Dissipation-function [see Dissirativity].
3. Reduction to atoms or to an impalpable con-
cition; complete disintegration or dissolution,
1597 Hooker Eee? Pol. v. Ixv. § 15 ‘Vhe dissipation of
Idols .. they were fashioned of matter, subiect vito
corruption, therefore to grinde them to dust was easie.
1647 H. More Philos. Poems, Democr. Platon. Pref.,
‘The dissipation of the whole frame of Nature into dis-
joynted dust. @ 1656 Br. Hatt Nem, Wks. (1660) 315 ‘To
hear of the least danger of the dissipation of your Church,
1680 H. More A focal. Apec. 189 An utter ruine and dissi-
pation of this Idolatrous City. azgir Ken //yinnarinuin
Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 52 Saints no Dissipation fear, Who to
the Boundless one adhere. 1796 Burke Regic. Peace iv.
Wks. IX. 26 ‘The dissipation of France into .. a cluster of
petty Republicks. 1875 E. Waive Life ix Christ i. xxi.
(1876) 325 Another attempt to reconcile this expression of
our Lord with the idea of dissipation of the soul.
4, Wasteful expenditure or consumption of
money, means, powers, faculties, cte.; squander-
ing, waste.
1639 ‘I’. Brucis tr. Cams’ Moral Relat. 351 [Almsgiving]
must be done fitly .. Otherwise it were rather a dissipation
then a distribution. 1677 Have Prin, Orig. Man. 1. i. 13
Means that our Faculties might use without dissipation,
distraction, or too great astonishment. @1715 Burner Own
Time (1766) I. 339 ‘Vhere had been such a dissipation of
treasure. 1785 Pacey J/or. Philos. v. ix, Nothing but
stupidity or the most frivolous dissipation of thought. 1893
W. Lewin in Bookinan June 85,2 Avoiding any wasteful
dissipation of his powers.
5. Distraction of the mental faculties or energies
from concentration on serious subjects: at first often
with colourless sense, as the scattering or distraction
of attention, or with laudatory sense, as the dispel-
ling of melancholy or sadness; diversion, amuse-
ment; but later implying the frittcring away of
energies or attention upon frivolities, and thus
gradually passing into sense 6 ; also, with a and //.,
a distraction ; a diversion; a frivolous amusement.
1733 Swirt Le/, 28 May, I have begun two or three letters
..and been prevented from finishing them by a thousand
avocations and dissipations. 1742 Younc Vt. 7%. vit. 949
While Noise, and Dissipation, comfort Thee. 1748 Cues-
terF, Lett. 11. clv. 55 Iam going to Cheltenham tomorrow
.-for the dissipation and amusement of the journey. 1759
Jounson Rasselas xi, Change of place. .inevitably produces
dissipation of mind. 1768 Beatrie A/insty. ut. xxvii, In the
giddy storm of dissipation toss'd. 1788 WesLEy Si
ay Sevm.
Dissipation Wks. 1872 VI. 445 We hear of the still ir
ing dissipations. .the word..was hardly heard of fifty years
ago..And yet it is so in every one’s mouth, that it is already
worn threadbare; being one of the cant words of the day.
1800 Mrs. Hervey Mourtray Fam. iv. 60 Nothing would
be of so much service to her spirits, as a little dissipation.
1845 S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. v. ix. III. 289 He was
not born for the amusements and dissipations of the world.
1876 Ouina Winter City iii. 59 Art had remained with her
rather an intellectual dissipation than a tenderness.
6. Waste of the moral and physical powers by
undue or vicious indulgence in pleasure; intem-
perate, dissolute, or vicious mode of living.
1784 Cowrer ask 1.770 A task That bids defiance to the
united powers Of fashion, dissipation, taverns, stews. 1791
Mrs. Rapcuirre Row. Forest i, Ina few years his fortune
and affection were equally lost in dissipation. 1837 Dickens
Pickw. P. ii, ‘'wpman was not jn a condition to rise, after
the unwonted dissipation of the previous night. 1861 M,
Pattison Zss. (1889) I. 47 Severer penalties awaited drunken-
ness, dissipation, or dicing. 1894 Sir W. Grecory A nfo-
biog. v. 89 He died young, worn out by dissipation.
Dissipative, ¢. [f. L. dissipat- ppl. stem:
see DISSIPATE v, and -IVE.] Tending to dissipate,
having the property of dissipating.
sae A tr. Bonet’s Merc. Compit. v. 147 These concretes do
breathe out .. an Armoniack, or dissipative scent. 1839-44
Tupper Proverb. Philos. (1852) 373 The dissipative fashions
of society. 1873 H. Spencer Std. Sociol. xiii. 324 Certain
actions which go on in the first are cumulative, instead of
being, as in the second, dissipative. 1889 RusseLt in Va-
ture 21 Nov. 6r The apparently dissipative action of the
air on London smoke. : 4
Hence Dissipati-vity (in Physics), a quantity
expressing the rate of dissipation of energy: also
called dissipation-unction.
Tuomson & Tart Nat. PAii. 1.1. § 345 [This] function
of the velocities ., has been called by Lord Rayleigh the
DISSIPE.
Dissipation Function. We prefer to call it Dissipativity.
It expresses the rate at which the palpable energy of our
d cycloidal s; is .. di d away into other
PP ©
forms of energy.
+ Di'ssipe, v. Obs. rare. [a. F. dissipe-r, or
ad. L. disstp-are.] =Dissipate v. trans. and intr.
1597 Lowe Chirurg. (1634) 381 The vaines of the head
being opened, letteth generation, because of the animal
spirits which dissipe. 1612 Syivester Panaretus, I have
oft seene armies dissiped. .
+ Dissite, a. Ods. [ad. L. disstt-us lying apart,
f, Dis- 1 + s¢tus placed, situate, i, pple. of stnére
to allow, let, orig. (it is supposed) ‘ to let, put, lay,
or set down’.] Situated apart; distant, remote.
1600 Hottanp Livy xxvt. xx. 599 They [Carthaginians]
had betaken themselves into their wintering harbours far
dissite and remote asunder. 1610 — Camden's Brit. (1637)
6 Britaine .. Far dissite from this world of ours. ag
HAPMAN Odyss. vil. 270 His natural land (Without more
toil or care, how far hence dissite Soever it can be) he
may ascend. 1657 Tomiinson Xenou's Disp. 133 From
the brain, or parts more dissite.
Also 6 dise-,
+ Dissi‘tuate, a. Os. rare.
[Dis- 1.] Removed from its situation or site, dis-
placed. So + Dissituated ///. a.
1593 Nasue Christ's T. (1613) 75 No Trophy remaining,
no stone but discituate. 1623 Cockeram, Discituated,
displaced, ouerturned,
Disslander, var. DIscLANDER, Ods.
+ Disslee'p, v. Os. rare. [f. Dis- 7 + SLEEP
sb.] trans. To rouse from sleep, swoon, or death.
1616 J. Lane Cont. Sgr.'s 7. x. Argt. (1888) 161 Great
murninge for Cambuscans losse of liefe ; Kinge Thotobun
him wondrouslie dissleepes.
sociability. rave. [f. next + -1Ty.]
+1. The opposite of sociability ; unsociableness.
1738 Warsurton Div. Legat. u. vi, Universal prejudice
had made men regard a refusal of this intercommunity as the
most brutal of all dissociability. 1757 Brett /rtendly Call to
the Roman Catholics in Ireland 12 (1...) This dissociability,
this dogmatizing, cruel, enslaving principle, is that which
makes popery so very dreadful. :
2. Capability of being dissociated,
In recent Dicts.
Dissociable (sce below), a. [In sense 1, f.
Dis- 10+ SociaBLe, app. after F. d#ssoctable (Mon-
taigne, 16th c.) in same sense; in senses 2 and 3,
f. L. dissociare to dissociate: cf. L. dissoctabrlis
that cannot be united.]
1. (dissou-fab'l) The reverse of sociable, not
companionable, unsociable.
1603 Fiorio Montaigne, There is nothing so dis-sociable
and sociable as man, the one for his vice, the other for his
nature. 1632 Burton Anat. Mel, (ed. 4) Mm. iv. 1. ii, His
Janisary Jesuits, that dissociable society, 1711 Appison
Spect. No. 3? 6 They came in two by two. .matched in the
most dissociable Manner. 1860 Cham, Yrnl. XIV. 353
Our insular dissociable habits. :
2. That tends to separate or dissociate. [=L.
dissoctabilis in active sense.) rare.
1835 Kirny Had, § Just, Anim. 1. ii. 57 The student of
his own species might be tempted sometimes to roam, but
the ocean would be truly dissociable. [After Horace’s
oceano dissociabili.) 1872 A. D. Caruste Round World
xix. 230 The mild Pacific was the only [ocean] whose
*dissociable’ influence was still unbroken,
8. (disou'fiab’l) Capable of being dissociated ;
separable.
1833 G. Wavpincton //ist. Ch. xiii. 212 Two forms of
worship essentially dissociable. 1853 /raser’s Mag. XLVIL.
560 Elements not dissociable by human means. 1894 Wests.
Gaz. 20 Dec. 7/2 Surely it is a dangerous thing to say that
sport and betting are not dissociable.
Hence Disso’ciableness, unsociableness,
1866 CarLyLe Remin., Irving 1. go, 1..had the character of
morose dissociableness,
Dissocial (disséu-fal), a. [f. D1s- 10 + Soctan
a. Cf. rare L. dissocéalis irreconcilable, repugnant. ]
The reverse of social ; disinclined or unsuitable for
society ; unsocial.
1762 Kames Elem. Crit, I. ii. 65 Where revenge flames so
high as_to have no other aim than the destruction of its
object, it is no longer selfish ; but in opposition to a social
passion may be termed dissocial, /67/, 9x Hatred and
other dissocial passions. 1788 Rein Act. Power's v. vi. 666
Without it man would the most dissocial animal God
has made, 1825 CartyLe Schiller Misc. (1872) III. 91 His
habits. .though far from dissocial, were solitary, ;
Hence Dissocia‘lity (dissdufijeliti), the quality
of being dissocial; Disso’cialize v., to render
dissocial,
1804 Soutuey in Ann. Rev, II. 210 Let us examine their
practice, its dissocializing character [etc.]. 1812 T. Jerrer-
son Writ, (1830) 1V. 167 Why should we be dissocialized
by mere differences in opinion? 1825 CartyLe Schiller
Mise, (1872) IIT, 82 Self-seclusion, dissociality and even
sitive misanthropy. 1826 Sourney Lett. to Butler 405
ecrees of the most dissocializing and inh character.
Dissociant (disdufant), [ad. L. dissocéant-em,
pres. pple. of dissocédre to DissoctatE.] (See quot.)
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dissociants, a term pplied in Micro-
scopy to those agents which have the power to loosen the
texture and to separate the elements of the structures which
are placed in them, such as ‘ Miiller’s solution.’
Disso'ciate, f//. a. rare. [ad. L. dissociat-us,
pa. pple. of dissoczare: see next.) = DIssocraTED.
1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm, Par. Fohn xiv. (R.) You..whom
I wil not suffre to be dissociate or disseuered from me,
1815 SHELLEY Pr. Wés, (1888) II, 193 Neither the dream
512
ee |
could be dissociate from the pe, nor the landscape
from the dream. 1895 Daily News 1 Feb. 7/5 Nitrogen
existed partly in an ‘allotropic’ or in a ‘ dissociate * form.
tb. Astrol. (see quot.).
1819 Jas. Witson Dict. Astrol., Dissociate signs, those
that by being 1 or 5 signs distant, have no aspect to each
other; thus ‘~ is dissociate with %, & , WP, and MN].
Dissociate (disdwfije't), v. Uf L. dissociat-
ppl. stem of déssoctare to separate from fellowship,
f, Dis- 1 + soctare to join together, associate: ef.
prec., and see -aATE36.]
1. “rans. To cut off from association or society ;
to sever, disunite, sunder, Const. from.
1623 Cockxeram, Dissociate, to separate. 1628 FectHam
Resolves u. xxxvi, Grief .. does dissociate man, and sends
him with beasts to the lonelinesse of unpathed desarts.
1710 I’. Futter Pharm. Extemp, 296 These Earths mix in
with it [the Bile] and dissociate it. 1768-74 Tucker 1.4. Nat.
(1852) II. 313 Our very wants and desires, which first bring
us together, have a tendency likewise to dissociate us. 1863
Miss Brappon Eleanor’s Vict. 11. iv. 54 Eleanor Vane
could not dissociate the two images. = Green Short
Hist. vi. § 4. 303 It was the first time .. that religion had
formally dissociated itself from the ambition of princes and
the horrors of war. 1888 Lowett Pr. Wks. (1890) VI. 201
Done only by men dissociated from the interests of party.
b. Chem. To separate the elements of (a com-
pound), sfec. by heat: see DISSOCIATION 2.
1869 C. A. Joy in Scientific Opinion No. 58. 571/1 A part
of the vapour of water is decomposed spontaneously or dis-
sociated in the tube of porous clay. /é/d. 571/2 At the
temperature of the fusion of silver, water is dissociated and
no longer exists as water. 1880 CLEMENsSHAW Wurtz’ A tom,
Th. 115 The vapour of calomel is dissociated at the high
temperature at which its density is taken.
2. intr. (for ref.) To withdraw from association,
cease to associate.
1866 Maurice Workm. & Franchise 237 There is a ten-
dency to dissociate, to separate, of which each man becomes
very conscious, in whatever circle he finds himself.
Hence Disso‘ciated, Disso‘ciating f//. adjs.
1611 Cotcr., Dissocié, dissociated ; separated or severed.
az6gt Boyce Wks. I. 373 (R.) The dissociating action |
even of the gentlest fire, upon a concrete, 1882 SIEMENS
New Theory of Sun in 19 Cent. April, An inflowing stream
of dissociated vapours. 1885 Gray Lett, (1893) 776 In their
limited but dissociated habitats.
Dissociation (disdfii-fon, -siz'fon), [ad.
L. dissociation-em, n. of action f. dissoctare to Dis-
soctaTE: cf. F. dissociation (16th c. in Littré).]
1. The action of dissociating or the condition of
being dissociated ; severance ; division; disunion.
1611 Cotcr., Dissociation, a dissociation ;..separation of
fellowship. 1613-18 Daniet Coll. Hist, Eug. (1626) 4 The
Brittaines vnderstanding the misery of their dissociation,
1622 Bacon //en. V’/1, 88 Associations and Leagues; which
commonly .. turne to Dissociations and Diuisions, 1790
Burke /*. Rev. 276 It will add infinitely to the dissociation,
distraction, and confusion of these confederate republics.
1877 FE. Cairp Philos. Kant, 141 The association or dis-
sociation of one feeling from another,
2. Chem..The direct separation of compound
substances into their primary elements, or into less
complex compounds ; decomposition, spec. by the
action of heat. Hence dissocéalion-point, the tem-
perature at which such decomposition takes place.
Applied usually to the separation of a compound into its
elements by the action of heat alone, without the interven-
tion of any substance which breaks up the combination by its
greater chemical affinity for one of the elements ; but some-
times restricted to such a partial separation of the elements,
that they reunite when the temperature is lowered below the
dissociation-point, Others have used it in the wider etymo-
logical sense of direct separation of elements by any force,
and applied THermotysis to dissociation by heat, as distin-
guished from ELEcrrotysis or decomposition by electricity,
(1857 Nov. 23 H. Ste. Craire Devitte in Journal de
Tinstitut (title), De la dissociation, ou décomposition
spontanée des corps, sous I'influence de la chaleur.) 1869
C. A. Joy in Scientific Opinion — On Dissociation,
3187a-g Warts Dict. Chem. VII. 636 As ‘Dissociation’
might be applied equally well to the separation of a mass
into its constituent particles ,. by any other means, Mohr
roposes to replace it by the more specific term ‘’ Thermo-
ysis’. 1874 Grove Corr. Phys, Forces (ed. 6) 52 The term
dissociation’ has been applied .. to other cases in which
heat separates the consti of a sub without any
of them combining with another body, 1880 7¥mes 1 Dec.
ro Mr. Norman kyer continues his researches on dis-
sociation, as indicated in solar outbursts. 1880 Na/ure
XXL. 445 The term dissociation-point is justified by analogy
with the terms boiling-point and melting-point.
Dissociative (disdfictiv), a. [f. Dissocrare
v. + -IVE.) Tending to dissociate ; spec. in Chem,
causing dissociation or direct decomposition,
1882 Edin. Rev. July 53 The resolution of carbonic acid
DISSOLUTE.
obs. var, of DESOLATION.
1422 tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. (E. E. T. S.) 192 His
dissolacion radir pan his consolacioun he seth,
+ Dissology. Obs. rare—% [ad. Gr. d:aa0-
Aoyia repetition, f. dicaos double + Ad-yos word.]
1656 BLount Glossogr., Dissology, the of two.
Dissolu (displizbi'liti). [f. next + -rry ;
in mod.F, déssolubilité.] The quality of being
dissoluble ; capability of being dissolved ; + solu-
bility in a liquid (ods.).
161r Frorio, Dissoludilita, a dissolubility. 1677 Hace
Prim. Orig. 7 1 m. ier the eae oy of their
= 5 HEYNE Eng. Malady 1, v. 1
ineral. "Sok. .with its Dusolubility in Water. wae
Times 12 Aug. 252/3 The theological objection to the dis-
solubility of marriage.
Dissoluble (di-sflis«b’l, disp lizb'l), a. [ad.L.
dissolibil-is that may be dissolved, f. dissoluére to
Dissotve: cf. F, dissoludle (14th c, in Hatz.-
Darm.).] Capable of being dissolved.
1. Capable of being separated into elements or
atoms; decomposable, disintegrable; capable of
being destroyed by complete decomposition.
1534 More 7 reat, Passion Wks. 1285/1 The body bein
made of the earth, and mixte wyth other elementes, was
nature dyssoluble and mortall. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 105
Volatil sulphureous parts of dissoluble or combustible bodies,
1768-74 ‘Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) I. 314 Making the soul
compounded, dissoluble, and paiahaln 1839 J. H. New-
man Par. Serm. 1V. xii. 218 That which is material is
dissoluble. 1868 Tennyson Lucretius 115 How then should
the Gods Being atomic not be dissoluble?
+2. Capable of being dissolved in a liquid ; so-
luble. Ods,
1641 Frencn Distill. v. (1651) 165 The water .. carryeth
along with it some of the dissoluble parts-of the mine. 1769
E. Bancrorr Guiana 74 A yellowish gum, dissoluble in an
aqueous menstruum. 1809 Pearson in PAZ. Trans. XCIX.
5 FH That the whole of this oxide is not dissoluble in the acid,
. Of a chain, knot, or anything that binds:
Capable of being loosened or unfastened (see D1s-
SOLVE 5); usually fig. of a ‘tie’, connexion, etc. ;
Capable of being undone (see DISSOLVE 10).
¢ 1600 SwinsuRNE Sfousals (1686) 225 The same Spousals
were. .dissoluble by occasion of Fornication. a 1639 Mar-
MION Antiguary 1. Dram. Wks. (1875) 205 If I link’d
unto you, The Gordian knot were dissoluble. 1645
Mitton 7¢trach, (1851).170 That _——— is indissoluble,
is not Catholickly true ; wee know it dissoluble for Adultery.
1803 Worvsw. Depart. fr. Grasmere 2 The gentlest S!
that walked Elysian plains Might sometimes covet dis-
soluble chains. 1878 Seetey Stein I. The connexion of
Austria with Germany was. .far less easily dissoluble.
4. That may be dissolved, as an assembly or
society.
1642 in Clarendon Hist. Red, v. § 289 Did not the people
that sent them look upon them as a body but temporary,
and dissoluble [ed. 1702 dissolvable] at his majesty's
pleasure ?
+ Disso‘lubleness. 00s. [f. see + -NESS.]
The quality of being dissoluble ; solubility.
1665 Hooke Microgr, 108 This Petrify'd substance .. was
differing from Wood . Fifthly, in its dissolubleness; for
utting some drops of distill’d Vinegar upon the Stone, I
ate it..to yield..Bubbles. 1666 Boyie Orig. Formes §
Qual. 1. vii. 244 It acquir’d Dissolublenesse in Agua fortis,
Dissolute (di-sdlivt), a. (sd.) [ad. L. dissolit-
us loose, disconnected, pa. pple of dissolvére to
loosen, disunite, DissoLve; cf. F. dissolu.
The appearance of the senses in Eng. does not correspond
with their original development in Latin.]
+1. Having their connexion or union dissolved ;
disconnected, disjoined, disunited. Ods.
1541 R. Copt.anp Guydon's Quest, Chirurg. Cj, Nature ..
wy! nat leue them [membres sparmatyf] thus dyssolute, re-
ioyneth and knytteth them the best that she may. 1578
Banister //ist. Man 1. 3 It were requisite, that the. .bones
should neither be dissolute and unioyned, nor yet altogether
whole, and continuall. Honnes Leviath, m1, xli. 278
‘The part excommunicated is no longer a , but a dis-
solute number of individuall persons. 1651 — Govt. 4 Soc,
vii. § 10, 107 It is no longer a Court, or one Person, but a
dissolute multitude without any supreme power.
+2, Relaxed, enfeebled, weak ; wanting consist-
ence or firmness of texture or tem ent. Obs,
¢ 1450 tr. De Jmitatione 1. xlv, But I be holpen of pe &
inwardly en’ I am made all leuke & dissolute.
Hanmer Anc, . Hist, (1619) 188 You loose hands,
dissolute knees, ye shall be stren, . 1607 TorsEit.
Fours. — 345 The flesh of the Alzabo .. is of a
tent 7 . ;
tr. erc.
Compit. 1. 120 This lax and dissolute consistency [of the
ood Serum, 1816
blood). .makes it apt to dissolve into CoLeRipcE
Statesm, Man. 354 Vital warmth .. ing the rigid, co
lidating the dissolute, and giving cohesion to that which
into its elements .. is one of the most familiar of
this transformation of solar radiation into dissociative ac-
tion. Jbid. 54 Their dissociative power .. dependent upon
their being made of compound molecules,
+ Dissoci‘ety. Obs. nonce-wd. [D1s-9.] The
opposite of companionship ; mutual aversion.
1602 W. Watson Ouodlib, Relig. § State 104 So vertue
and vice hauing such a dissocietie.
: pe (disdufioskoup). Chem. [a.
F. dissoctoscope, 1. L. dissocéare to DissoctaTe +
-SCOPE.] (See quot.)
1881 Frul. Chem. Soc. XL. ratus for ed sis
3 Al
Dissociation of Ammonium Salis, y D. Tommasi ..
apparatus, to which the author gives the name ‘dissocio-
scope’, consists [etc.]. :
is about to sink down. :
+3. Having the energies, attention, etc. relaxed ;
wanting firmness, strictness, or eggs & loose,
lax, slack, careless, negligent, remiss. Ods.
1382 Wycuir Prov. xix. 15 the sendeth in slep; and a
dissolut [1388 negligent] soule shal hungre. ¢ 1430 Lyne.
Minor P. (1840) 245 (Matz.) Now ig besy, now dis-
solut, v2 Rea) vd . Aunsw, ut, Wks. 1851
1574 Wurrerrt
I. 330 Neither the law was then cruel, neither yet the gospel
is noe dissolute for the greatness of fonghtaneans
= 4
Hax.uyr Voy, 188 Thi meere dissolute e€
{a ship) ona s: 1597 Hooker y. Ixxii.
§ 18 To temper the minde, lest contrarie comming
place should make it too profuse and dissolute. 1619
W. Scrarer £xp.1 Thess. (1630) 459 Alas, how cold. .are our
DISSOLUTE.
affections often? How dissolute our practice? How dull
our memory A :
+4. Unrestrained in behaviour or deportment ;
not subject to Bgl 379 restraint; loose, wanton, (In
quot. 1620, Wasteful, lavish.) Ods. (exe. as in-
volved in 5).
¢ 1460 Stans Puer 20 (MS. Har. ne in Badbees Bk. 26
With dissolute [MS. Lad, wantowne] laughters do thow
non offence To-fore thy souerayn. 1526 Pilgr. Pers. (W. de
W. 1531) 99 b, What cause hast y* to be so dissolute & mery ?
3616 Surrt. & Mark. Country Farme 117 This cattell is
foolish and dissolute, easie to stray abroad hither and
thither, contrarie ynto sheepe, which keepe together. 1620
Sue_ton Dou Quixote u. iv, A great deal of Goods .. of all
which the young man remained a dissolute Lord. 16
Neepuao tr. Sedden’s Mare C/. 45 Arude sort of men, with-
out Laws, without Government, free and dissolute [diberume
aique solutum), 1713 Berxerey Guardian No. 3? 1 Itisa
certain Characteristick of a dissolute and ungoverned mind
to rail or speak disrespectfully of them.
b. Careless or lawless in style. Now rave.
1566 T. Starceton Ret. Untr. Fewel Epist., Your maner
of writing is .. so Dissolut Loose and Negligent. 1619 W.
Scrater £xp, 1 Thess. (1630) 559 Either hee is too profound,
or too plaine .. too dissolute, or too exact. 1718 Prior
Solomon Pref., Heroic with continued rhyme .. was found
too dissolute and wild. 1771 H. Wavrote Vertue's Anecd.
Paint, 1V, i. (R.) A loose, and, if I may use the word, a dis-
solute kind of painting. 1851 Ruskin Stones Ven. (1874) I.
xvii, 184 The Fosohute dulness of English Flamboyant.
5. That has thrown off the restraints of morality
and virtue ; lax in morals, loose-living ; licentious,
profligate, debauched. (Of persons, their actions,
etc.) The current sense. ‘
1513 Brapsuaw S¢. Werburge 1. 28 Dyssolute man folow-
yng sensualyte. 1548 Hatt Chrox., Rich. [// (an. 2) 32b,
A woman geven to carnall affection, and dissolute livinge.
1598 Saks. Merry W, 1. iii. 204 Wee will yet haue more
trickes with Falstaffe ; his dissolute disease will scarse obey
this medicine. 1671 Mitton ?. 2. 11. 150 Belial, the dis-
solutest Spirit that fell, Ihe sensualest, and, after Asmodai,
The fleshliest Incubus. 1729 ButLer Serm. Wks, 1874 II.
15 The many untimely deaths occasioned by a dissolute
course of life. 1874 Green Short Hist. vi. § 1. 267 The
nobles were as lawless E oa dissolute at home as they were
greedy and cruel abroad. 5
B. sé. A dissolute person, a profligate. rare.
1608 Day Hum, out of Br. ww. iii, Did your euer conuerse
with a more straunger dissolute? 1824 Lanpor Ws. (1846)
I.177/2 Half the dissolutes in the parish. 1838 SourHEyPoet's
Pikvim. i. ut, x. vote, The homely but scriptural appella-
tion .. has been delicately softened down .. Helen Maria
Williams names her (Ch. of Rome] the Dissolute of Babylon.
4] There are many instances of déssolaute for deso-
late (+ déssolate), mostly scribal or typographical
errors, sometimes perh. owing to actual confusion.
1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. xxxvi. i, A place of dissolute
darkenes. 1612 BrerEwoop Lang. Sr x.83 Greece..
more dissolute then any region of Europe subject to the
Turk. 1834 T. Crorron Croker Fairy Leg. S. [rel. 135
I got ashore, somehow or other .. upon a dissolute island.
+ Dissolute, v. O0s. rare. [f. DissoLutE a.]
trans. To render dissolute.
1679 Prance Addit. Narr. Pop. Plot 29 The ready way
to new-mould a Nation, is, first to dissolute and debauch it.
+ Dissoluted, 7//. a. Obs. rare. [f. L. disso-
liit-us (see DISSOLUTE a.) + -ED.] a. Dissolved.
b. Loosened, unfastened, loose.
1606 G. W[oopcockE] tr. Hist. Justine 69 a, Protesting
that al inueterate malice and displeasure, which hee had
against him. .was now dissoluted. @ 1770 Smart Temple of
Dauiness (R.) Mad Mathesis; her feet all bare, Ungirt, un-
trimm’d, with dissoluted hair.
Dissolutely, adv. [f. Dissonure a. +-1y¥ 2]
In a dissolute manner.
+1. Loosely, slackly; carelessly, negligently ;
recklessly. Ods.
1553 Brenve Quintus Curtius fol. 285 (R.) [They] mer-
ueiled .. yt he durst go so dissolutelye amonges those
nacions .. the barbarous people reputinge his rashenes, for
an assured confidence. 1560 Becon New Catech. iv. Prayer
Wks. 376 We nede not to come slackely and dissolutly, but
rather iligently earnestly vnto prayer. 1606 HoLLanp
Sueton, a Sulla .. admonished the nobles oftentimes, To
beware of the boy that went girded so dissolutely. 1736
Butter Axal. 11. 314 Dissolutely to neglect their own greater
Good, for the sake of a present leaner Gratification,
+2. Unrestrainedly, ——- Obs.
1561 T, Norton Calvin's Inst. 1. Pref., They. .thynke that
God is not rightly worshypped, vnlesse altogether they be
dissolutely set out with exquisite gorgeousnesse, or rather
with outragious excesse. 1589 Putrennam Eng. Poesie mt.
xxiv. (Arb.) 297, I haue seene forraine Embassadours in the
Pp ugh so dissolutely. 1596 Suaks, 1 Her.
V,1. ii. 39 A Purse of Gold most eo on Mon-
ay night, and most dissolutely spent on Tuesday Morning.
. In a profligate manner ; licentiously ; in dis-
sipation and debauchery.
1sso CrowLey Last Trump. 619 To lyue..dissolutly, thou
shouldste be vnto them offence. 16rx Biste Wisd. xii. 23
Men haue .. liued dissolutely and vnrighteously. 1713
Strvre Parker an. 1563 ut. xvil, The queen’s subjects lived
dissolutely, yuiply and luxuriously. 31859 Tennyson Znid
1124 Roi ‘ ininely fair and dissolutely pale.
Di'ssoluteness. [f. as prec.+-nxss.] The
quality of being dissolute (in various senses).
+1, Remissness, negligence, carelessness. Ods.
1576 FreminG Panogl, Epist. 97 She chargeth Anthonie
with dissolutenesse in duetie.. /é2d. 356 This our dissolute-
nesse and negligence, 1619 W. Sctater Exf. 1 Thess. (1630)
Our dissoluteness hath beene too palpable, in praying
s ronne ren our endeuours, : yo%
Vou, III,
5138
+2. Absence or abandonment of restraint ; wan-
tonness, excess, extravagance. Ods,
1580 J. Hatcuer in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. HI. 32 note,
Which requireth rather diligence in study, then dissolute-
ness in plays. 1667 Marve. Cor”. cciii. Wks. 1872-5 II. gor
The dissoluteness of grief, the prodigality of sorrow, 1690
Norris Beatitudes (1692) 51 All manner of odd Postures and
Gestures up to the height of an Antick Dissoluteness,
3. Looseness of manners and morals ; licentious-
ness, profligacy.
1549 CoveRDALE, etc. Evasm. Par. Rev. viii. (R.) A..
whyppe, whiche shoulde scourge and punyshe the christen-
dome fallyng into synne and dyssolutenes. 1603 FLorio
Montaigne i xii. (1632) 244 The dissolutenesse of the Pre-
lates and people of those dayes. 1729 SHeLvocke Artillery
111, 170 People who would spend their lives in Debauchery
and Dissoluteness. 1855 MAcautay //ist. Eng. IV. 456 The
most dissolute cavaliers stood aghast at the dissoluteness of
the emancipated precisian.
Dissolution (disdliz-fan). [In some senses
a. F. dissolution (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), in others
ad. L. déssoliition-em, n. of action from adissoluére
to break up, DissoLve.] The action of dissolving
or fact of being dissolved, in various senses of the vb.
1. Separation into parts or constituent elements ;
reduction of any body or mass to elements or
atoms ; destruction of the existing condition ; dis-
integration, decomposition.
1398 Trevisa Barth, de P, R,x1x. x\vii. (1495) 890 Though
bytter thynges haue lesse hete than sharpe thynges of
sauour yet it makith more dissolucion and departynge in
the tonge. 1471 Riptey Comp. Alch. in. xiv. in Ashm.
(1652) 142 Ells shall no kyndly Dyssolucyon be, Nor Putry-
fyyng shall thou none see. 1597 Mortey /utrod. Aus. 163
A hereditarie lepresie in a mans bodie is vncurable without
the dissolution of the whole. 1667 Mitton 2, Z. x11. 459
When this worlds dissolution shall be ripe. 1736 ButLer
Axnadl.1. i, 21 The dissolution of flesh, skinand bones. 1829
Scott Anne of G. xxxiii, The vault where the long-de-
scended Counts of Provence awaited dissolution. 1862 H.
Spencer First Princ. u. xii. § 97 Dissolution is the absorp-
tion of motion and concomitant disintegration of matter.
b. In a theory of disease, opposed to evolution.
1883 HuGHiincs Jackson cited in Syd. Soc, Lex. 1894
— Factors of Insanities 3, 1 have often urged that for the
scientific study of maladies of the Nervous System, we
should investigate them as Dissolutions (reversals of Evo-
lution) of this or that part of the nervous system. Zi. 8
Studying insanities as Dissolutions — as reversals of evolution
—of the highest cerebral centres.
2. The reduction of a substance from the solid to
the liquid form; liquefaction, Now onlythe melting
into water or the like; formerly, also, = fusion.
1598 Suaks. J/erry W. 111. v. 118 A man of my Kidney..
that am as subiect to heate as butter .. A man of continuall
dissolution, and thaw. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 291 Metals
give Orient and fine Colours in Dissolution. @ 1661 FuLLER
Worthies (1840) I. 221 It happened in the year 1657, upon
the dissolution of the great snow. 1779 J. Moore View
Soc. Fr. (1789) 1. xxvi. 212 The rays of the sun .. occasion
an unequal dissolution of the ice. 1802 Acerst Trav. I. 396
Inundations. .caused by the dissolution of the ice and snow.
+b. Of the blood: see quots. Ods.
1727-51 Cuambers Cycl., Dissolution of the blood is an
affection of that humour, directly opposite to coagulation.
1883 Syd. Soc, Lex., Dissolution. formerly applied by the
Busser! physicians to a diminution of consistence of the
ood.
3. The process of dissolving or condition of being
dissolved in a liquid; solution. Now rare or Obs.
(1558 see b.] 1641 Frencu Distil/, i. (1651) 10 Dissolution,
is the turning of bodies into a liquor by the addition of some
humidity. 1692 Ray Dissol, World iv. (1732) 54 The Dis-
solution of salt or sugar in water. 1707 Curios. in /ush. &
Gard, 166 Aqua Fortis is the best for the Dissolution of
Metals. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick, vii, Allowing for the dis-
solution of the sugar.
+b. concr. The result of this; the liquid with
what is dissolved in it; a solution. Ods.
1 Warpe tr. Alexis’ Secr. 5a, To make a naturall
dissolution of fine gold; and when you will take of it, take
two parts of the said licor, and one part of the dissolution of
y° gold. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 789 Dissolue the Iron in the
Aqua Fortis: And weigh the Prastarion’ 1707 Curios. in
Husb. & Gard. 304 Dissolve it in..Spirit of Nitre : set the
dissolution to evaporate. fi :
+4, Hurtful relaxation, softening, or weakening ;
enfeeblement. Ods.
c 1400 Maunpev. (1839) xv. 163 For the grete distresse of
the hete ..for the gret dissolucioun of the Body. 1601
Hotranp Pliny 11. 288 The decoction..helpeth the feeble-
nesse and dissolution of the 1620 VENNER Via
Recta viii. 166 Dolorous Gouts .. tortures and dissolutions
of the limmes, eal Taytor Holy Living ii. § 1
A longing after sensual pleasures is a dissolution of the
spirit of a man, and makes it loose, soft, and wandering.
1683 Burnet tr. More's Mey 122 There must follow a Dis-
solution of Justice, the chief Sinew of Society.
5. The condition of being loose ffom due re-
straint; ‘excess, extravagance (ods.); laxity of
behaviour or morals; dissolute living, dissolute-
ness (arch.).
¢ 1400 Rom. Rose 4901 It [youthe] ledith man now up now
doun In mochel dissolucioun. 1482 Monk of Evesham (Arb.)
88 Them whiche wastyn the godys of the holy chyrche
wherby they were made ryche in dyssolucyon of sldihevie,
in panpsaoes metys and pompys of the world. 1§26 Pilgr.
Pagel . de W. 1531) 85 b, Flye dissolucyon &
1553 Brcon Reliques of Rome (1563) 162* They for their
ynthankeful & dissol oo See riued of the
holy communion. 1647 Power of Keys Pref. 2 Wickednesse
and dissolution of manners was to be lookt on as the only
DISSOLUTIONIST.
heresy. 16x J. Taytor Holy Living ii. § 1 These tamed
his youthful aptnesses to dissolution. 1707 Norris 7veat.
Humility vi. 271 Nothing more betrays... dissolution of
thought. .thana vain foppish dress. 1866 Cornh. Mag. Nov.
634 After the general peace of 1814, dissolution began to
decrease in high places.
+b. with A/. An instance of this; a dissolute
act or peneice 3 an extravagance or excess. Ods,
©1430 Lypc. Bochas (1558) 1. xv. 1 Fleshly lustes and dis-
solutions. 1483 Caxton Gold, Leg. 150 b/t Lerne to be stylle
& teschewe ail dissolucions, 1490 — “ueydos vi. 23 He
sheweth the dyssolucyons and peruerse condycyons that
ben in the sexe femynyne. 1579 Tomson Caloin’s Sern,
Tim, 130/2 That. .all dissolutions, vile and wicked actes be
suppressed, 1651-3 JER. Tavtor Seri. for Year, Of Godly
‘ear i. (1678) 61 Restraint of gaieties and dissolutions,
6. The relaxation or undoing of any tie, bond, or ,
binding power; the dissolving of a connexion,
union, ete. (Cf, DIssoLvE Io, IT.
¢ 1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Hist. (Camden, No. 29) 5 Upon disso-
lution of that treatie. 1548 Hatt Chron., Edw. /V. (an. 4)
195 b, The cause of dissolucion of their amitie and league.
1651 J. Taytor Holy Living ii. § 2 The loosing the bands
of the tongue, and the very first dissolution of its duty is
one degree of intemperance. 1840 Penny Cycl. XVII. 2904/2
A marriage of a feme-sole trader is also a dissolution of
a partnership at will. 1856 Froune Hist. Ene. (1858) I. ii.
120 Even if the marriage .. had never been questioned, he
might justly have desired the dissolution of it.
7. The breaking up, dismissal, or dispersion of
an assembly or association ; the termination of the
existence of a constituted body of persons (e.g. of
the monasteries, and now esp. of Parliament).
1535 Act 27 Hen. VITT, c. 26. § 26 Immediately vpon the
prorogacion or dissolucion of this present parliament. 1651
Hownes Leviath. u. xxii. 116 ‘The Assembly may be punished
.. by dissolution, or forfeiture of their Letters. 1659 B.
Harris Parival’s [ron Age 289 Some moneths before the
dissolution of the Parliament. 1730 A/agnua Brit. V. 762/1
Herdwick Priors .. continued in the Monks Hands till the
Dissolution, 1765 Biackstone Commz. 1. ii. 180 A dissolu-
tion is the civil death of the parliament. 1831 Sir J. Sin-
cLaIR Corr. II. 373 Since the dissolution of the Board of
Agriculture. 1862 Lp. Brovcuam Brit, Const. xiii. 184
The dissolution of the monasteries in Henry VIII's reign.
1874 Green Short Hist, viii. § 2. 462 The conversion of
the King was followed by a quiet dissolution of the Hugue-
not party.
8. ‘Termination of life ; death, decease.
Variously understood as ‘departure or release from life’,
‘separation of the soul from the body’, and ‘ disintegration
of the body’. See Dissotve 6.
1522 More De guat. Noviss. Wks. 77 The disolucion and
seueraunce of the soule fro the body. 1568 Binte (Bishops’)
27int.iv.6 The time of my dissolution (Gr. avadvoews, L. reso-
dutionis; earlier Eng. vv., from Wycl. 1388 departing] is at
hande. 1596-7 S. Fincne in Ducarel //is¢. Creydon App.
(1783) 152 Thanks to Almightie God for Mr. Comptroller's
dissolucion from the bondage of his corrupte bodie. 164
Hinve 3. Leuven |x, 201 Death is but a passage unto life, a
dissolution of soule and body for a season. 1658 Sir T.
Browne //ydriot, i, 2 Men have been most phantastical in
the singular contrivances of their corporall dissolution. 1712
STEELE Sfect. No. 263 ® 1 He waits the Day of his
Dissolution with a Resignation mixed with Delight. 1750
Jounson Rambler No. 29 P 12 It is absurd to be afraid of
the natural dissolution of the body. 1827 J. W. Croker
6 Aug. in Croker Papers (1884), His breathing is difficult,
and. .there are all the symptoms of approaching dissolution.
1856 Sir B. Bropie Psychol. /ng. I.iv.131 Some die retain-
ing all their faculties, and quite aware that their dissolution
is at hand.
9. The action of bringing or condition of being
brought to an end; undoing, termination, destruc-
tion, ruin; breaking up, disintegration, disorgan-
ization (of a connected system, etc.).
1528 Garpiner in Pocock Kec. Ref I. 1. 102 That realm were
like to come to dissolution, @ 1625 FLetcuer Nice Valour
in, ii, I doubt not... To see a dissolution of all bloodshed.
1677 Hate Prim, Orig. Man. u. x. 230 Down to the last
Dissolution of their City under Titus. 1728 Youna Love
Fame vi. (1757) 154 Such dissolution through the whole
I find, ‘Tis not a world, but chaos of mankind. 1855 Mit-
MAN Lat. Chr. 1x, iii. (1864) V. 241 He had but to wait the
dissolution of Otho’s power; it crumbled away of itself.
1883 S. F. Smitn How Ch. Eng. washed her face 21 The
same dissolution of morals and irreligious spirit had existed.
+b. ALus. (See quot.) Oés.
1764 Croker, etc. Dict. Arts § Sc., Dissolution, in music, is
when a sound in the enharmonic genus is lowered three
dieses ; for thereby that genus is dissolved, and the music. .
is chromatic. Z
+10. Solution, resolution (of a question, etc.).
Obs. rare.
1549 Latimer’s 5th Serm. bef. Edw. VT, (Arb.) 132 margin,
M. Latimer returneth to hys former question and to the
dissolucion of the same.
Dissolu‘tional, a.
pertaining to dissolution.
1889 J. M. Rosertson Ess. towards Crit. Meth. 4 Lon-
ginus. .has the note of that long dissolutional epoch. 1895
Pall Mail G. 6 July 2/2 The Factory Bill .. has passed in
dissolutional and dissolute haste, and it can be amended, if
necessary, at consolidating leisure. .
Dissolu'tionism. [f. as prec.+-1sm.] The
doctrine or principles of dissolutionists.
1894 SwinpuRNE Studies in Prose §& Poetry 102 Dis-
unionism, dissolutionism, or communalism,
Dissolu‘tionist. [f. as prec. + -1st.] One
who advocates or aims at dissolution. Also attr7d.
1882 Pall Mall G, 23 Sept. 1 The dissolutionist oa
of M. Gambetta’s friends, 1882 /rgser's Mag, XXVI. 131
This is the reactionary, and in some degree dissolutionist,
party in the Union, ; 65* a
[f. prec. + -AL.] Of or
DISSOLUTIOUDS.
+ Dissolu‘tious, a. Obs. rare. Inclined to dis-
soluteness. :
By Sheph. Kal. vii. Tree of Vices, Sloth xiii, To draw
goe to such as be dissolutious Or that they doe and
make dissolute. :
Dissolutive (disdl'utiv), a. Now rare. [f.
L. dissolit- ppl. stem + -IvE: prob. immed. ad.
med.L. déssolitiv-us or F. dissolutif.]
1. Having the property of dissolving ; producing
dissolution or disintegration ; dissolyent.
1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 210 To empostyms of blood pou
mi3t do medicyns ifs & dissolutiuis sotilly. 1527
Anprew Brunswyke’s Distyll. Waters Ry, It hath vertue
attractyfe and dyssolutyfe. 1662 J. CHanpLer Van Hel-
mont's Oriat. 76 Air wants in it self a dissolutive principle
~of it self. ax69r Bovte Wks. V. 500 (R.) The air might
promote the dissolutive action of the menstruum, ;
2. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, dissolution
or disintegration.
1886 Myers Phantasms of Living Introd. 43 We have
induced [by hypnotism] a change of personality which is
not per se either evolutive or dissolutive,
+ Dissolutory, ¢. Ods. rare.
-ORY.] =prec. I.
x781 tr. Henckel’s Pyritol. 357 Fermentative, intestine,
dissolutory motion.
Disso'lvable, a. Also -ible. [f. Dissoive
v. + -ABLE: Substituted (in part) for DIssoLUBLE
from L, type d/ssoliibilis.) Capable of being dis-
solved ; dissoluble.
1. Capable of being separated or reduced into
its formative elements ; decomposable.
154t R. Copranp Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., For the
substaunce seldom dyssoluable lyghtly it [the liver] oughte
to haue medycyne somwhat styptyke. 1661 E. Borroucus
Plea to King conc. Quakers Ded. 1 You are but men. .and
your substance but dissolvable clay. 1677 Hate Prin,
Orig. Man. 1. iii. 86 Man that is even upon the intrinsick
constitution of his nature dissolvible. /d7d. 1. vy, 112 A com-
position intrinsecally dissolvable. 1861 L. L. Noste /ce-
ergs 114 It [an iceberg] is as dissolvable as the clouds from
which it originally fell,
2. Capable of being liquefied or melted ; fusible ;
soluble. ? Ods.
3653 H. More Antid. Ath. 1. xi. (1712) 35 The Brains
generally are easily dissolvable into a watery Consistence.
1668 Witkins Keal Char. 169 Dissolvable, by Water, or by
Fire. ue STEELE Sfect. No. 95 ?3 Children, when crossed
. how dissolvable they are into Tears. 1733 CueyNe Eng.
Malady 1. Vv. § 3 (1734) 38 Salts. hard, and dissolvible only
by Water. 1794 Suttivan View Nat. I. 461 All the metals,
excepting platina and gold, are dissolvable by aqua fortis.
3. Of a connexion, union, society, etc. : Capable
of being undone or having its existence put an end
to; terminable, destructible.
1681-6 J. Scott Chr. Life (1747) III. 392 The Obligations
of divine Commands are dissolvable only by divine Counter-
mands. 1702 [see Dissotuste 4). 1861 Lowet £ Pluribus
Unum Prose Wks. 1890 V. 63 We are not a mere partner-
ship, dissolvable .. by mutual consent. .but a nation.
Hence Dissolvability (-zd7/i/y in Richadson
1836), Disso‘lvableness (in Craig 1847).
Dissolvant, obs. var. of DISSOLVENT.
+ Disso‘lvative, a. Ols. rare. [f. nexr +
-ATIVE.] @. Having the property of dissolving,
dissolutive. b. That tends to dissolve readily.
1577 Frampton Joyful News 1. (1596) 8 Balsamo .. is
dissoluatiue, and so it doeth consume .. swellinges. 1580
— Monardes Med. against Venom 118 The use of good
Meates easie and dissolvative.
Dissolve (dizlv), v. Also 4-6 dyssolve,
5-6 desolve. [ad. L. dissolv-cre to loosen asunder,
disunite, dissolve, f. Dis- 1 + solvéve to loosen,
SoLve.] I. Transitive senses.
1. To loosen or put asunder the parts of; to reduce
to its formative elements ; to destroy the physical
integrity ; to disintegrate, decompose. (Now rare
or Ods, exc. as associated with other senses.)
1382 Wycuir 2 Cor, v. 1 If oure erthely hous of this dwel-
lyng be dissolued..we han a bildyng of God, an hous not
maad by hondis, euerlastinge. c 1400 Three Kings Cologne
123 Pe bodyes of bes III kyngis wexed corrupt and were
dissolued & turned in to powdre. 1500-20 Dunsar Poems
(Sc, T.S.) xxiii. 244 Now cled in gold, dissoluit now
in ass (=ashes). 1611 Corvat Crudities 419 If it were
a strong bridge, they could not dissolue it with so great
—. 1722 Wottaston Relig. Nat. ix. § 8. 195
ether that soul..can think at all when the body is quite
dissolved. 1775 Prirsttey Air I, 266 Vegetable and animal
substances dissolved J putrefaction .. emit phlogiston.
1841-4 Emerson £ss., /ntellect Wks, (Bohn) 1. 134 Water
7 ag and — ye iv. [xv.] (Arb.)
ci UTTENHAM Lng, Poesie u1. xiv. [xv.] (Arb.) 140
Make your aes of very few words dactilique, or. .dissolue
and breake them into other feete. 1642 Futter ‘oly &
Prof, St. ut, xxiv. 221 We may for a while dissolve our
inued di se into a dialogue.
2. To melt or reduce into a liquid condition. a,
To melt by heat; to fuse. Now rare or Obs.
af Wycur oP sae iii, oh re comet ape be a
ete, c1g00 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 342 ‘ummys schul
be. .dissolued wip fier. 1530 PatsGr.522/1, I Shecles, as heate
dothe lycour, whan it is frosen. 1600 Haxtuyt Vay. (1810)
III. 48 Before the Sunne hath warmed the our, ene dis-
solved the 1793 SMEATON Edystone L. § 27. e metal
at each end having a considerable heat, it was found prac-
ticable to dissolve the ends of the former masses,
b. To be re by contact with or immersion in a
liquid ; to
[f. as prec. +
iffuse the molecules of (a solid or gas)
514
in a liquid so that are indistinguishable from
it; to melt (27 soi ing), make a SonuTion of.
(Predicated of a personal agent, or of the liquid.)
Dissolve away, out: to remove or extract (from a com
mass) by dissolving. 2
{c 1380 Wycuir Sed. Wks. 111.68 Men axen comounly, whi
salt is dissolved pus, but cristal and opere stoones ben not
loosid as opir salt.) 1460-70 Bk. Quintessence 9 Putte
panne yn pe watir Sal jac and pat watir
wipoute doute wol dissolue gold into watir. 1563 T, Gace
Antid, u, 62 The H i dissolued in Vineger.
1677 Grew Solution of Salts in Anat. Plants, &c. vii. (1682)
299 Two Ounces of Water will dissolve three Ounces of
Loaf-Sugar. 1791 Hamivron Berthollet's Dyeing 1. 1. 1. i.
11 The iron may be dissolved in the muriatic acid. 1854 J.
Scorrern in Orr's Circ, Sc. Chem, 24 Various salts .. may
be dissolved out by lixiviation. 1873 A. W. WittiaMson
Chem. Students (ed. 3) xiv. § 87 At 15°C, water dissolves
about twice its volume of chlorine gas. 875 Dawson Dawn
of Life iv. 83 By dissolving away their shells with acid. ,
In various fig. applications of senses 1 and 2;
esp. To melt or soften the heart or feelings of ; to
cause to ‘melt’ into tears, grief, etc.; to relax or
enervate with pleasure, luxury, etc, ; to immerse or
absorb in some engrossing occupation. Chiefly in
passive. (Now rare exc. in phr. dissolved in tears,
or in direct figures from sense 2 b.)
1 Hawes Past. Pleas. xxxiv. xix, Her hardy harte she
an for to dissolve. 1632 Mitton Penseroso 165 In service
igh, and anthems clear, As may. . Dissolve me intoecstasies.
1679 Penn Addr. Prot. 1. 38 Dissolv’d in Pleasures, he
worshipp’d no other God. 1707 Watts Hymn, ‘Alas!
and did my Saviour bleed?” v, Dissolve my Heart in
‘Thankfulness, And melt my Eyes to Tears. 1791 D'Israect
Cur, Lit., Libraries, Henry Rantzall.. whose days were
dissolved in the pleasures of reading. 1800 Mrs. Hervey
Mourtray Fam. 1V. 183 Mrs. Lenmer was dissolved in
tears the whole evening. 1843 CartyLe Past § Pr. ul.
iii. (1872) 130 Action hangs, as it were, dissolved in Speech.
+4. To relax, weaken, enfeeble, in body or bodily
strength. Obs.
¢1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 16 To myche slepinge .. ac
his vertewes .. To myche wakynge dissolfip & consume
hys spirites. cx Maunpev. aaraert xvili, 81 Pe grete
violence of Ody 37 djssoluez paire ys. ¢% tr. Pol.
Verg. Hist, (Camden, No. 29) 180 That sorceres Elyzabeth
the quene .. with her witchcraft hath so enchantyd me that
by thanoyance thereof I am dissolvyd. 1563 Homilies 1.
Agst. Gluttony, Oft commeth sodaine death >. by banquet-
yn ns bese the members are dyssolued.
. To loosen, unfasten, detach, release, set free.
(Ut. and fig.) arch.
©1420 Pallad, on Husb, w. 29 Yit must it [the vine-stalk]
be dissolved ever amonge Oute of this bonde, lest it .. Be
letted to encrece. 1 Act 2-3 Edw. V1, c. 23. § 1 The
artie who disired to be dissolved from the marriage. 1560
OLLAND Crt, Venus iv. 458 Venus gart ane.. Nisshe ve
Dissolue his handis quhilks .. fast bundin war. 1606 G,
W[oovcocke] tr. ///st. Justine 87 b, Occasion .. to pull and
dissolue their neckes out of the yoke. c161zr CHAPMAN
Lliad vi. 44 There his horse he check’d, Dissolved them
from his chariot. 1727-46 THomson Summer 1310 As the
soft touch dissolved the virgin zone. 1817 SHe.Ley Nev.
Islam 1. xiii. 8 Dissolve in sudden shock those linked rings.
+ 6. To release from life ; to cause the dissolution
or death of ; usually in pass, to die, depart. Ods.
Used chiefly with reference to Phil. i, 23, where the
Vulgate has the passive disso/vt for the original active
avadvoas (here =‘ depart’; also ¢vans.=‘dissolve'). Various
notions were app. attached to the expression by those who
used it, some associating it with the dissolution of the
bodily framework (cf. quots. 1382, 1400, 1722 in 1); some
thinking of the dissolution of the union between soul and
body, etc.
¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth, 1. pr. iii, Ofte a swifte houre dis-
soluep pe same man, bat is to seyne whan pe soule departip
fro pe body. 5 a Wve. PAil. i, 23 Hauyng desyr for to
be dissolued [g/oss, or departid the soule fro body]. ay
tr. De /mitatione 1. xii, He desirip debe, pat he mi3zt
dissolued & be wib crist. 1565 Jewen Def. A fod. (161 5 294
‘The Saints, which are dissolued, & reigne with Christ,
ay H. Smitu Serm. on Phil. i. 23, Good cause had
Paul to desire to be with Christ: yet a will not dissolve
himself, but desireth to be dissolved, Wurttock
Zootomia 566 Paul phraseth it, a Wish equall to the Gold
pcr ye Darin gee endeavours, I desire to be dissolved,
melted down. a1670 Hacket Adp. Williams u. (1699)
227 A squinancy .. and a shortness of breath .. which dis-
solved him in the space of twelve hours. 1736 WrsLey
Wks. (1872) I. 37 O when shall I wish to be dissolved ?
7. To cause to vanish or disappear from existence ;
to bring to nought, undo, destroy, consume.
1374 Cnaucer BSoeth. 1. pr. iii, 10 Pe cloudes of sorowe
dissolued and don awey, I .. receyuede mynde to knowe
pe face of my fyciscien, 1548 Haut Chron., Hen, VI “a
3 b, a sears ¢ a ame and _— sr pees ‘
fuLKE Meteors (1640) 35 A great Circle about oone,
betokeneth great peed But if it vanish away and bee
dissolved altogether, it is a signe of fayre weather. 1632
Litucow 7rav. 11. 120 Occasion..whereby the and
happinesse of Thebes might be dissolved. Sr W.
Jones Palace of Fort. Poems (1777) 18 Each gay phantom
was dissolv’d in air, 1877 Tynpatt in Daily News 2 Oct.
2/5 That promise is a dissolved by the experience of
eighteen centuries. 5
+8. Med. To disperse (morbid humours), reduce
(swellings), remove or assuage (pains or ailments),
(Also absol.) Obs.
—— variously and ey eee to context.)
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 136 Ri3t as mater
frenesie. .bi emplastris wiboutforp I-leie is dissolued. /7d.
238 Anoper electuarie pat dissoluip akynge in ot 1577
RAMPTON Yoy/ul Newes 1. (1596) 6 In griefes of swellinges
.. it [oil] taketh them away h dissolue them. 1582
Hester Secr. Phiorav, 1. xxiii, 26 You must dissolue the
DISSOLVE.
Catarre first, and then helpe the Feuer. 1610 MARKHAM
Masterp. 1. clxxiii, It cleanseth and dissolueth, and also
comforteth, W. Cores Adam in Eden liv, It is avail-
a cold Di oa di vi bey yak rom
. To break up, dismiss, disperse (an assembly or
collective wee ; to put an end to the association
or connexion of; to terminate the existence of (a
constituted body or association, e. g. of the monas-
teries, and now esp. of Parliament.).
Fasyan Chron. v. cxxxii. 116 When y® Kyng had
his matiers .. he dissoluyd this cow S
dissolved,
not be dissolv
b. ellipt. =dissolve parliament.
1868 M. E. G. Durr Pol. Surv. 16 He immediately dis-
solved and succeeded in throwing out most of the leading
supporters of his predecessor.
10. To undo (a tie, bond, knot) ; to put an end
to, bring to an end (a relation of union, connexion,
or association, etc.).
c 1380 Wyciir Sed. Wks. 111. 163 Ffor prestis ben weddid
wip God by holdyng of his lawe, and pis bond is dissolvyd
both in lif and offs. 1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. VI (an. 2) 86
The... amitie betwene the Frenche and Scottishe nacions
should be shortly broken and dissolved. _1§58 Br. Watson
Sev. Sacram, xxvii. 173 The Knot of Matrimonie .. can
not be broken and/dissolued. 1638 Sin T, Hersert 77av.
(ed. 2) 95 An excellent sympathy and union, till Ganganna
dissolv‘d it, having beene till then betwixt ‘em. 1767
Biackstone Come, 11. 187 It is advantageous for the
joint-tenants to dissolve the jointure. 1776 Giszon Dec.
& F. 1. xvi. 384 They dissolved the sacred ties of custom
and education. 1841 Lane Arad. Nis. 1. 63 When .. the
marriage is dissolved. x C. Bronte Villette iii. (1876)
18 The league .. thus struck up was not hastily dissolved.
Mod. They have dissolved partnership, and started each on
his own account.
+b. To part, sunder (things united). Ods.
1598 Suaks. Merry W.v. v. 237 She and I (long since
contracted) Are now so sure that nothing can dissolue vs.
1608-11 Br. Hatt Medit. §& Vowes 1. § 49 It unites one
Christian soule to another so firmely, t no outward
occurrences. .can dissolve them, 3
11. To undo (something formally ordained or
established) ; to destroy the binding power, autho-
rity, force, or influence of; to annul, abrogate.
1526 Piler. Perf, (W. de W. 1531) 15 It dissolueth and
loseth all vowes. 1671 Mitton SS. 1149 To fr
and dissolve these magic spells. ples Rollin's Anc.
Hist, (1827) VIII. xix. viii. 259 To lve and annul all
we have enacted. Scorr Last Minstr. 11. xiii, The
running stream dissolved the spell, And his own elvish
he took. 1891 Law Times XC. 403/t The Court of Appeal
.. dissolved an injunction granted by Justice Kekewich,
+b. To do away with as false or erroneous; to
refute, confute. Ods.
1529 More Dyaloge 67 b/t Whych obieccyon the author
answereth and dyssolueth. gsr T. Witson Logike (1567)
84b, The fault that is in the forme .. maie be Sealed
when we shewe that the conclusion, is not well proued by
the former proposicions. @1gss Puiror Exam. §& Writ,
igeje Soc.) 414 All that these men are wont to allege ..
all ready dissolved and..confuted. 1842 Asp. THomson
Laws Th. § 127 (1860) 271 We may dissolve (Avew) the
argument by showing its unfitness for proof because of
some formal defect. 2 f
+c. To — or reject the authority of. [repr. L.
solvere of the Vulgate in 1 John iv. 3.] Obs.
1388 Wycur 1 Yokn iv. 3 Ech spirit that dissolueth [g/oss,
or fordoith) Jhesu is not of God [so 18a Khem. ; Vulg. qui
solvit, after a Gr. v.7r.d die) Mitton Tetrach,
Matt. xix. 3 Our Lord. ,intended not to dissolve Moses.
12. To solve, resolve, explain (a question, doubt,
etc.). ae Si tithicse Lael
1549 Latimer 5th Serm, bef. Edw, V1, .) 132
peace 8 and dissolue it. Tor-
sect Four-f, Beasts (1658) 14 All.. that could not ve
and dissolue doubts.
II. Intransitive senses. ;
13. To lose its integrity or consolidation; to
become disintegrated ;
1610
insubstantiall Pageant behinde.
1660 F. Brooxe tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 265 It dissolved to
:
5
&
i
Now rare or Obs. pride it
c1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 4480 ad i ag vem
* sall expire, And dissolue as wax at fyre.
DISSOLVED.
§ Ad. 565 What wax so frozen but dissolves with tempering ?
‘1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 1. 66 While Mountain Snows
dissolve against the Sun, 1729 T. Cooxr Zales, Proposals,
§c. 40 The Wreck of Nature, the prodigious: Day, When
adamantine Rocks dissolv’d away. 1802-3 tr. Pallas’ Trav.
(1812) I. 9 The deep snow in the streets began to dissolve.
b. To become liquefied by contact with or im-
mersion in aliquid ; to melt ; to become diffused in
a liquid, forming a solution.
Sir T. Hersert 7rav. spade ft The fruit [banana]
put into your mouth, dissolves and yeelds a most incom-
bie relish. 1677 Grew Solution of Salts in Anat.
Plants vii. (1682) 299 The Crystals of Tartar .. will scarce
at all dissolve in Water. 1718 Quincy Compl. Disp. 1. vi.
25 We find Sugar will dissolve in the strongest Solution of
Common Salt that can be made. 1873 A. W. WILLIAMSON
Chem. for Students (ed. 3) xi. § 67 Blefiant gas dissolves
considerably in water. bie?
15. In various fg. applications of prec. senses :
To become faint, faint away; to ‘become softened
in feeling, to ‘melt’ (into tears, etc.) ; to become
resolved zo something else, like a solid becoming
liquid.
1605 Suaxs. Lear v. iii. 203, I am almost ready to dis-
solue, Hearing of this. 1672 Cave Prim. Chr. 1. ii. (673)
250 He dissolved into tears. a@1719 Appison tr. Ovid Wks.
ue I. 177 The God dissolves in pity at her death. 1761
uME //ist. Eng. III. lix. 279 He dissolved into a flood of
tears. 1858 CartyLe Fred. Gt. (1865) IL. v. v. 99 Full of
alarm dissolving into joy.
16. Of an assembly or collective body : To break
up into its individual constituents ; to disperse ; to
lose its aggregate or corporate character.
1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 795 The company
dissolved and departed. 1548 Patten Exfed. Scotd. in
Arb. Garner ILI. 149 Our camp should, this day, dissolve.
1667 Mitton P. ZL. u. 506 The Stygian council thus dis-
solved. 1766 W. Gorvon Gen. Counting-ho. 30 When a
fixed company dissolves. 1847 TeNNyson Princess Iv. 502
She, ending, waved her hands: thereat the crowd Mutter-
ing, dissolved. ee .
17. To lose its binding force or influence.
x61r Suaxs. Temp. v. i. 64 The charme dissolues apace.
¢1750 SHENSTONE Llegies xi. 3 The charm dissolves; the
aerial music ’s past.
Dissolved (dizg'lvd), f//. a. [f. prec. +-ED1.]
1. Reduced to its elements, broken up, disinte-
grated, destroyed, annulled, dispersed, put an end
to, etc.: see the verb.
1541 R. CopLann Guydon's Quest. Chirurg. Cj, Nature..
engendreth a flesshe for to holde y° dissolued parties. 1586
A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) §2 ‘The dissolued purpose
of your good intention. 1634-5 Brereton 7rav. (Chetham
Soc.) 157 We took up our lodging at Tinterden, a dissolved
Abbey. . 1659 Pearson Creed (1839) 366 The temple of
Christ’s body was dissolved here, by the separation of his
soul .. the raising of the dissolved temple was the quicken-
ing of the body. ax83x A. Knox Rem. (1844) 1. 62 There
could be no thought of re-submitting to the long dissolved
chains, 187 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) IV. xvii. 37
The lands of a dissolved monastery. ity
2. Melted ; held in solution by a liquid: see Dis-
SOLVE 2.
1707 Curios, in Husb. § Gard. 333 These dissolv'd Salts.
1839 G. Birp Nat. Phil. 237 When various electrolytes are
submitted in a dissolved, or fused state, to the action of the
current from the voltaic battery. 1878 Huxtry Physiogr.
116 All natural water. .contains such dissolved salts.
+ Disso'lveless, a. Ods. rare. [f. DissoLvE
+ -LESS: cf. guenchless, resistless, etc.] That
cannot be dissolved ; indissoluble.
1721 Cisper Perolla u, To cut this Gordian of dissolveless
Love. — Lady's last Stake Prol., Those dissolveless fetters,
Dissolvent (dizp'lvént), az. and sd. [ad. L.
dissolvent-em, pr. pple. of déssolvére to DISSOLVE.
Cf. F. dissolvant.]
A. adj. Having the power to dissolve, disinte-
grate, liquefy, etc.; solvent. ? Ods.
1665 Hooke Microgr. 104 Salt-peter..abounds more with
those Dissolvent particles, and therefore..a small quantity
of it will dissolve a great. 1691 Ray Creation (1714) 27
Being mingled with some dissolvent juices. 1777 MacsripE
in Phil. Trans, LXVIII. 119 note, On the dissolvent Power
of Quicksilver. -
Jig. 1840 Mitt Diss. § Disc., Enfranch. Women (1859) U1.
436 The companionship of women .. often exercises a dis-
solvent influence on high faculties and aspirations in men.
@ 1876 M. Cottins in Pen Sketches 1. 212 Neither was
constructive like Shakespeare, nor dissolvent, like Heine.
B. sb. One who or that which dissolves,
1. spec. A substance having the power to dissolve
or disintegrate other substances ; a solvent, a men-
struum ; ‘f formerly, in A/ed., a substance having
the power of ‘ dissolving’ morbid concretions, etc.
(see DissoLvE 8), (Also 7-8 dissolvant as in F.)
1646 Sir T. hom Pseud, Ep. ir. iii. 68 1f the menstruum
or | d t i é
‘ n P oa 1658 R.
Wurrtt tr. Digby's Powd. Symp. (1660) 87 There is no dis-
solvant in the world that can well calcine. A an but quick--
silver. x69r Ray Creation 1. (1704) 115 Fire—the only
Catholic Dissolvent. 1718 Quincy Compl. Disp. 234 Several
:. have flatter’d th Ives, with obtai +. a universal
Dissolvent. x82 Craic Lect. Drawing vii. 399 The alkali
-. being by nature a dissolvent of the ground.
2. gen. and fig.
1835 F. Manoney in Fraser’s Mag. X1. 454 Wine is the
great dissolvent of distrust. 1865 M. Arnotp Ess. Crit. v.
86 Dissolvents of the old E of domi
ideas and facts we must all be. ex Morey Barneveld
LI. xv. 186 The only dissolvent of this Union was the
intention to perpetuate slavery,
=
515
Dissolver (dizplva1). [f. Dissorve + -ER !.]
One who or that which dissolves.
1. One who or that which breaks up, disintegrates,
destroys, puts an end to, etc. : see the verb,
1611 Biste Dan. v, 12 Dissoluing of doubts [warg. of a
dissoluer]. 1641 Mitton Pred. Efisc. (1851) 82 These men
were the dissolvers of Episcopacie. @ 1735 ArsuTHNot (J.),
Fire, and the more subtle dissolver, putrefaction. 1883
Sir M, Witutams Relig. Th. in Ind. iii. 44 Rudra-Siva, the
Dissolver and Reproducer.
2. A substance that dissolves another substance ;
a solvent : see DISSOLVE 2.
1651 Brocs New Disp. 80 Such dissolvers, as are wont
to be made of Aqua fortis and Regis. a@1788 WesLEY
Serm. viii. Wks. 1811 IX. 114 It is the universal men-
struum, the dissolver of all things under the Sun.
3. a, An apparatus for dissolving some substance.
b. A contrivance for producing dissolving views :
see DISSOLVING Af/. a. b. ‘
1880 L. Lomas 4 /kali Trade 226 The top of the dissolver
being covered with thin sheet iron. 1892 Daily News
g Feb. 3/5 Apropos of dissolving views, an automatic dis-
solver has been lately invented which will work in any
single lantern.
Dissolvible, var. of DissonvaBLE.
Disso'lving, v/. sd. [f. Dissolve + -1nG1.]
The action of the verb DIssoLVE (q.y.), in various
senses ; dissolution.
1398 Trevisa Barth. de P. R. xvi. vi. (1495) 555 The
cytrine auripigment .. hath vertue of dyssoluyng and tem-
prynge. 1577 Hanmer Anc. Eccl. //ist. (1619) 31, 1 am
now ready to be offered, and the time of my dissolving
is at hand. 1726 Leoni 4 lberti’s Archit. 1. 64/1 Moist
through the dissolving of the Salt. 1849 Macautay //is¢.
Eng. I, 270 Between the dissolving of one Parliament and
the convoking of another.
Disso'lving, #//. a. [f. as prec. + -ING 2.]
That dissolves, in various senses: sce the verb,
a. trans.
1620 VennerR Via Xecta vii. 151 The roots haue .. an
opening and dissoluing faculty. 1821 SHELLEY Prometh.
Und. w. 431 The dissolving warmth of dawn.
b. zntr.
Dissolving views, pictures produced on a screen by a
magic lantern, one picture being caused gradually to dis-
appear while another gradually appears on the same field.
1681-6 J. Scorr Chr. Life (1747) IIL. 554 The Crack of
the dissolving World, that is sinking into eternal Ruins.
1821 SHELLEY //ed/as 1065 Faiths and empires gleam, Like
wrecks of a dissolving dream. 1846 AZech. Mag. XLV. 486
The present method of exhibiting the dissolving views.
1886 A. Wincuett Walks §& Talks Geol. Field 278 The
dissolving ice of the glacier.
Hence Disso‘lvingly adv.
1822 Mrs. E. Natuan Langreath Il. 322 A whining
effort to be dissolvingly sentimental. 1832 ‘I'ENNYSON
Eleanore 128 A languid fire creeps Thro’ my veins to all
my frame, Dissolvingly and slowly.
Dissonance (disénins). [ad. L. dissonantia
dissonance, discrepancy, f. dissondnt-em Dus-
SONANT: see -ANCE, Cf. F. déssonance (14th c. in
Hatz.-Darm.)]
1. The quality or fact of being dissonant; an
inharmonious or harsh sound or combination of
sounds; =DiscorD 3a, 4.. sfec. in Music, A
combination of tones causing beats (cf. Beat sé.1
8), and thus producing a harsh effect ; also, a note
which in combination with others produces this
effect.
1597-8 Br. Hatt Sat. Postscr., The Tralation of one of
Persius his Satyrs into English, the difficultieand dissonance
wherof shall make good my assertion. 1634 Mitton Comus
548 The .. roar .. filled the air with barbarous dissonance.
1660 tr. Amyraldus’ Treat. conc. Relig. 1. vii. 123 Making
false Musick and committing dissonances. 1711 ADDISON
Sect. No. 29 P7 What is Harmony to one Ear, may be Dis-
sonance to another. 1739 Metmotu Fi¢zosd. Lett. (1763) 64
The harshness and dissonance of so unharmonious a sen-
tence. 1795 SournEy Yoan of Arc vi. 180 With all the
dissonance of boisterous mirth. 1875 OusELEY Harmony
viii. Ble intruded new sound ..is called a Dissonance.
The chord in which the Dissonance is heard, is called a Dis-
cord. 188r BroapHousr Mus. Acoustics 301 The various
degrees of dissonance are produced by beats.
Fe. 3875 Hamerton /xfed/. Life v. vi. 196 Your shooting-
coat, which was in tune upon the moors, is a dissonance
amongst ladies in full dress. .
2. Want of concord or harmony (between things) ;
disagreement, incongruity ; = D1scorp 2.
1571 Hanmer Chron. Irel. (1633) 47 To reconcile the dis-
sonance of varying writers. 1735 Berketey Def. Free-th.
in Math. § 43 The greatest dissonance, and even contrariety
of opinions. 1826 Kirsy & Sp. Entomol. xlvii. (1828) 1V.
81 This puzzling variation and dissonance between the dif-
ferent tribes. 1871 Tynpatt Fragmz. Sc. (1879) I. iii, 83 The
molecules. .are in dissonance with the luminous rays.
+Disssonancy. Obs. [ad. L. dissondniia:
see prec, and -Ancy.] Dissonant quality,
1, = Dissonance I.
1657 W. Ranp tr. Gassendi’s Life of Petrescu. 147 Certain
Treatises of C ies and pe ies. .and of musical
composition or setting. xr71x SHarress. Charac. 1. § 2
(737) I, 140 The rules of ony will not permit it ; the
issonancys are too strong. | /ééd. (1737) I]. 462 In musick
[there is] the chromatick kind, and skilful mixture of dis-
sonancys. Me ce ij
b. The combination of different’ sounds (in
harmony). sonce-use.
, 62x G. Sanpys Ovid's Met. x. (1626) 199 The Boet. .hau-
ing tun'd his strings, In dissonancie musicall, thus sings.
DISSTANDING.
2. =DIssonance 2. (The more usual sense.)
1584 R. Scor Discov, Witcher. x. iii. 144 A dissonancie in
opinions about dreames. 1613 JACKSON Creed 1. xxxii. § 2.
229 Their stile, character, or dissonancie to Canonicall
Scriptures. 1660 Jer. Taytor Duct. Dudit. 1. iv, Those
things. .haue no dissonancy from reason. C. Mater
Magn. Chr. Vv. 1. (1852) 242 The objectors will find as much
dissonancy from the scriptural example in their own prac-
tice. 1748 J. GeppEs Compfos. Antients 351 He who loves
not what he thinks good and honest .. dwells with discord
and dissonancy.
Dissonant (di-sdnant), a. (sd.) [a. F. dissonant
(13th c. in Littré), or ad. L. dissondnt-em, pr. pple.
of dissondre to disagree in sound, sound diversely,
differ, f. Dis- 1 + sondre to Sounn.]
1. Disagreeing or discordant in sound, inharmon-
ious ; harsh-sounding, unmelodious, jarring.
1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk, (Camden) 117 Dissonant and
jarring dittyes. 1597 Mortey /atrod. Mus. 71 Phi. Which
distances make discord or dissonant sounds? A/a, All such
as doe not make concords: as a second, a fourth, a seventh.
1601 Hottanp Pliny 1. 9 As for the Moone, mortall men
imagine. .[to] helpe her in such a case when she is eclipsed
by dissonant ringing of basons. 1774 J. Bryant JMythol. 1.
168 If the name was dissonant, and disagreeable to their
ear, it was rejected as barbarous. 1876 tr. Blaserna’s
Sound vii. 109 ‘Yo increase their resources..musicians have
been obliged to have recourse to dissonant notes and
chords.
2. Out of agreement, accordance, or harmony, in
any respect ; disagreeing, incongruous, discordant,
at variance, different. Const. from, ¢o (rarely
wth). (The earlier sense in English.)
1490 Caxton Eneydos vii. 32 The maner of that countree..
was all dissonaunt & dishoneste in regarde to that of Dydo.
1514 Cor. Bainprivce in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. u. 1. 226
‘Thynges .. that be dissonant .. to your Graces honour or
welthe of your Realme, 1613 Purcnas Pilervimage, Descr.
/ndia (1864) 151 Opinions not altogether dissonant from the
Scriptures. 1613 Jackson Creed 1. ix. § 1. 44 His conceit is
not dissonant ynto the sacred storie. 1769 Burke Late
State Nat, Wks. 1842 I. 75 The interests .. before that
time jarring and dissonant, were.. adjusted. 41792 A.
YounG Trav. France 260 An air of poverty and misery ..
quite dissonant to the general aspect of the country. 1856
Baimtey Ess., Angel in Ho. 237 Very dissonant from the
innermost spirit of the poem. 1857 Hottanp Bay Path
xxxiv. 4o7 [He] found himself dissonant with the spirit
of the colony. 186r Maine Anc. Law iv. (1876) 84 An
anomalous and dissonant jurisprudence.
B. sb. A dissonant element ; a harsh sound of
speech.
(In quot. 1§79 the meaning is doubtful.)
1579 J. Jones Preserv. Bodie & Soule 1, xxxi. 66 Haue y?®
Alphabet letters in Iuorie. .or some other deuise conuenient
..to carry aboute with them, as first a, then 4, after c, &c.,
then Consonants, after Dissonants, then Words, lastly Sen-
tences. 1865 Emerson in //arfer’s Mag. Feb. (1884) 461 1
Guttural consonants or dissonapts.
Di-ssonantly, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly2.] Ina
dissonant manner; discordantly.
1799 E. Du Bois Piece of Fam. Biog. 11. 199 Not very
dissonantly from the opinion of the reader. 1838 D. Jer-
RoLD Men of Char. M. Clear ii, The exclamation. .broke
somewhat dissonantly on the conference.
+Disssonate, a. Os. [ad. L. dissonat-us,
pa. pple. of dissondre.] =Dissonant,
1548 Gest Pr. Masse 120 The worshyp and praying to
Christ at the masse .. is dissonate to the sacred Scripture.
1660 Z. Crorton St. Peter's Bonds abide 34 Not onely
different... but also dissonat to his doctrine. 1779-81 Joun-
son L. P., Cowley Wks. II. 66 His combination of different
measures is sometimes dissonate and unpleasing.
[Dissoned : see List of Spurious Words.]
Dissonous (di'sdnas), a. rare. [f. L. disson-us
dissonant +-ous.] Dissonant.
1715 M. Davies A thex. Brit. 1. 284 Such dissonous con-
cert of Canonical Musick.
Hence Di'ssonously adv.
1866 Morn, Star 18 Dec. 4 6 Unmistakeably (nay .. most
dissonously) the squelched rats will squeal.
+ Disso'rt, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis-6+Sorr v.]
intr. Not to consort ; to be out of place, be incon-
gruous. Hence Dissorrting A//. a.
1631 Bratuwair Whimzies 66 He [a jayler] holds nothing
more unprofitable to one of his place than pitty, or more
dissorting than compassion.
+Dissowl, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [Dis- 7a.]
trans. To deprive of a soul.
1622 H. Sypennam Serm. Sol. Occ. 11. (1637) 174 Man ..
goeth. .dis-soul'd by the frailtie of the body to the captivitie
of a grave.
Dissour, var. D1sour.
Disspaire, disspare, obs. ff. DESPAIR.
Disspirit, Dissple, obs. ff. Disprrit, DIsPLE.
Disspread: see Dispreap.
+Disspu'r, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [Dis- 7a.]
trans. To deprive (of spurs).
1603 Drayton Bar. Wars. ix, By a Varlet of his Spurres
dis-spur’d, .
+ Dissqui're, v. Ods. rare. [Dis-7b.] trans.
To deprive of the rank or title of squire.
1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes ut. vi. 109 It is in great
' Dispute .. whether this Launce-Bastinado .. did dis-Squire
Sancho.
+ Disstasnding, vé/. sb. Obs. [f. Dis- t +
Stanp v.] A withstanding.
c Digby Myst, ut. 196 A-3ens vs bey can mak no dys’
stonddyng. ‘ares
DISSTATE.
+ Dissta‘te, v. Olds. Also 7 distate. [f. Dis-
7 + Srave sb.) trans. To remove (a thing) from
its state or position ; to deprive of state.
1605 Daniet Trag. Philotas 1. i. Wks. 1718 I. 318 Your
Entertainments, Giftsand publick Grace That doth in jealous
Kings distate the Peers. 1614 Svivester Bethulia's Rescue
v. 266 To supplant his throne, Bereave his sceptre .. and
himself disstate, 1647 Warp Simp. Cobler 4 To distate the
Truth of God and supplant the peace of the Churches.
Dissuade (diswézid), v. Forms: 6-8 dis-
swade, (6 dysswade, disuade, 6-7 di-, de-
swade), 6- dissuade. [ad. L. dissuadé-re to ad-
vise from or against, f. Dis- 1 + swddére to advise,
urge ; cf. F. dzssuader (16th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).]
1. “rans. To give advice against (a thing}; to
represent as unadvisable or undesirable. ? Ods.
1513 More Rich. /// Wks. 43 The quene .. damning the
time that euer shee dissuaded the gatheryng of power aboute
the kinge. 1538 Bate 7hre Lawes 11 Perswadynge all
truth, dysswadynge all iniury. 1560 WHITEHORNE Arte
Warre (1573) 65a, To perswade or to diswade a thing vnto
fewe is verye easie. 1611 E, Grimstone Hist. France
1082 The Queene of Nauarre did much disswade this Alli-
ance. 1667 Mitton P. ZL. 1x. 293 Not diffident of thee
do I dissuade Thy absence from my sight. 1725 Pore
Odyss. 1x. 578 My friends..With mild entreaties my design
dissuade. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. /ndia 11. v. iv. 438 The
Nabob dissuaded any further preparations. 1842 Sir J.
Sternen Eccl, Biog., Founders Fesuitism (1850) 1. 205 His
.. friends anxiously dissuaded a journey so full of peril.
2. ¢rans. To advise or exhort (a person) against ;
to disadvise, dehort (from). ? Ods.
c 1534 tr. Pol. Verg. Hist. (Camden, No. 29) 195 The duke
dyd the lesse disswade kinge Richerd from usurping the
kingdome. 1855 Even Decades Sect. 1., Peter Martyr's
Dedication (Arb. 63) Ascanius. .dissuaded me from my pur-
pose. But seeing that I was fully resolued to departe .. re-
quired me to wryte vnto hym. 1605 Campen Jem. (1637)
246 Some disswaded him to hunt that day; but he resolved
tothe contrary. 1712 Appison Sfect, No. 411 P 7 He par-
ticularly dissuades him from knotty and subtle Disquisi-
tions. 1766 Go.psm. Vic, W. xiii, My wife very strenuous]
insisted. Mr. Burchell on the contrary dissuaded her wih
great ardour. 1848 Moztry Ess. /ist. & Theol. (1878) 1.
402 They dissuaded him from the contemplated step .. but
admitted .. that, if he insisted upon it, they could not
forbid it.
absol. 1598 Barret Theor. Warres 1. i. 29 To disswade
from bad factions. 1793 / rial of /yshe Palmer 55 Palmer
dissuaded from the publication.
3. ‘To divert or draw (a person) from a course
or action by suasion or personal influence.
1576 FLeminc /’anopl. Epist. 384 Yea I would (if I could)
dissuade you from this intent. 1583 Stusses Anat. Abus,
1. (1882) 20 Which thing altogither dissuadeth them from
their bookes. 1652-62 Heyiin Cosmogr. Pref., Sufficient
to disswade me from the undertaking. 1782 Miss Burney
Cecilia v. iii, | have tried what is possible to dissuade him.
1823 F. Ciissotp Ascent Mg. Blanc 8 Matthieu Balmat ..
refused to accompany us; being dissuaded by his father.
1844 H. H. Witson Srit. /ndia 11. 241 The Peshwa having
been with difficulty dissuaded .. from flying to Purandhar.
1847 EMERSON a Men, Plato Wks. (Bohn) I. 290 He..
was easily dissuaded from this pursuit. =
absol., 1805 Soutney Madoc in W. xv, Gerald. .sought ..
to dissuade By politic argument.
Hence Dissua‘ded ///. a., Dissua‘ding v0/. si.
and f/. a.; also Dissua‘der, one who dis-
suades.
1546 Bate Eng. Votaries 1. (R.) As though they were
diswaders of marriage. 1552 HuLoet, Disswaded, adhort-
atus, 1580 HottyBanp 7reas. Fr. Tong, Destournement,
a dissuading. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 82
Epistles Dehorting and Disswading. 1643 Mitton Divorce
Introd. (1851) 9 A civil, an indifferent, a sometime disswaded
Law of mariage. 1880 KincLaAke Crimea VI. vi. 245
Carrying all the dissuaders along with it.
Dissuadent (diswéi-dént). rare. [ad. L. dis-
suadént-em, pr. pple. of dissuadére to D1ssuavE.]
One who or that which dissuades.
1855 Ess. Intuit. Mor. 143 It sets forth as the dissuadent
from Vice, the Pain of remorse.
Dissuasion (diswét-zon). [ad. L. dé'ssuéasion-
em,n. of action f. dissuadére to DISSUADE ; or perh.
a. F. déssuasion (14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).] The
action, or an act, of dissuading ; advice or exhorta-
tion against something ; dehortation.
1526 Pilgr, Perf. (1531) 289 But to this false disswasyon,
it Is soone answered. 1 Coverpate Erasm, Par,
Ephesians Prol., With slaunderous dissuasions, & perplexe
impertinent interpretations. Bacon (¢itZe\, A Table of
Coulers, or apparances of and euill, and their degrees
as places of perswasion and disswasion. 1647 CowLry
Mistress, Counsel iv, Ev’n 4 Dissuasions me persuade.
1823 De Quincey Lett, Educ. 1. (1860) 8 This chapter. .is a
dissuasion from Herder. 1863 Gro. Evior Romeola 1. xiii,
He had not the courage to utter any words of dissuasion,
1868 Browninc King § Bk, xu. 100 But for the dissuasion
516
Archives 1,88 Examples that have such a dissuasive
upon men. 1742 Fierpinc F. Andrews ut. ii, The dissua-
sive speech of Andromache. Lytton Harold u. i,
ite all dissuasive ejaculations.
. sb. A dissuasive speech or argument ; that
which tends or is intended to dissuade.
1629 tr. Herodian (1635) 25 This strong Disswasive of
Pompeianus did. go Be of, abate the edge of the young
Emperour. 1664 Jer. Tayior (tite), A Dissuasive from
Popery, addressed to the people of Ireland. 1711 Appison
Spect, No. 92 ® 5 A Dissuasive from the Play-House. 1830
ackintosu Eth, Philos. Wks. 1846 I. 86 The success of
persuasives or dissuasives .. must always be directly pro-
portioned .. to the strength of the principle addressed.
1894 Barinc-Goutp Kitty Alone Il. 123 To look with im-
patience. .upon all dissuasives.
Hence Dissua‘sively adv., Dissua’siveness 5).
Q Bauey vol. Il, Dissuasiveness, dissuasive Quality.
1864 eBsTER, Dissuasively. 1881 H. James Portr. Lad;
xxiv, ‘Ah, really, Countess’, murmured Madame Merle
dissuasively. :
+Dissua‘sory, a. Obs. [f. L. type *dis-
suasori-us, f. dissuasor dissuader: see -ory. Cf.
It. disuasorio ‘ disswading, discouraging’ (Florio).]
= DISSUASIVE a.
1555 Hakrrsrie.n Divorce Hen. VIII, 90 The said 18
chapter is partly dissuasory, partly teaching. 1586 A. Day
Eng. Secretary \. (1625) 128 Of Epistles Dehortatorie, and
Disswasorie.
B. sb, = DISSUASIVE 58.
1844 Jerrrey Contrib, Ed. Rev. WV. 272 This person. .has
ill luck in all his dissuasories [orig. (in Ed. Rev. Oct. 1815,
362) dissuasions.] a
+ Dissubje‘ction. 00s. nonce-wd. [Dis- 9.]
The opposite of subjection ; disobedience.
1673 O. Waker Educ. 151 Dis-subjection to Laws and
Magistrates.
Dissubstantiate, v. vonce-wd. [Dis- 6.]
trans. To deprive of substance or substantiality.
1871 Fraser Life Berkeley x. 368 Hume and Positivism
dissubstantiate spirits.
Dissue, variant of DizzvE.
+ Dissuetude. Ods. rare. [ad. late L. dis-
suétido (Ambros.¢ 397) a becoming disaccustomed,
disusing, f. dissuct- ppl. stem of dissuéscére =
desuéscére, to become unaccustomed to, f. Dis- 4 +
suéscére to become used to.] = DESUETUDE.
a 1639 Srotriswoop //ist. Ch. Scot. v1. (1677) 464 His long
dissuetude of the Country-language..made him unuseful at
first. 1755 JouNson s.v. Désuse 1, Cessation of use, dissue-
tude; want of practice. a ‘
Dissui‘table, a. rave. [Dis-10.] Not suit-
able, unsuitable. So Dissuited ff/. a. -
1807 Soutnry Espriedia's Lett. 11. 195 The sort of frame
through which it was seen [was] not dissuitable to the
picture. 1820 — Let/, (1856) II]. 189 Hexameters .. are in
no respect dissuited to the genius of our language.
Dissunder (dissy‘ndas), v. [f. Dis- 1 or 5 +
SuNDER v.] ¢rans. To sunder, sever, dissever.
Hence Dissu‘ndered /f/. a., separated, dis-
severed.
1580 IT. M[uccaster] in Baref’s Alv. To Rar. i, Like Beé
he manie a yeére did moile, In large wide fields, that far
dissundred beé, 16rg Cuarman Odyss. 1. 36 He himself
solemniz’d a retreat To th’ Aethiops, far dissunder’d in
their seat. 1642 H. More Song of Soul 1. ut. xxv, Who
can this strength dissunder? 1808 J. Bartow Columéb. 1x.
450 Diffused o'er various far dissunder’d lands. 1858
SINGLETON Aencid vii. 438 The Gorgon .. Her eyeba'
rolling with dissundered neck.
Dissury, obs. form of Dysury.
+ Disswee'ten, v. Ols. [Dis-6.] /vans. To
deprive of sweetness ; to unsweeten.
1622 W. Wuatecey God's usb. 1, 82 The gawdes of this
world would not .. beguile vs, the cumbers of this world
would not..gawle vs, if wee did dis-sweeten the one .. a
dis-imbitter the other, 1647 Trare Marrow Gd, Auth. in
Comm, Epist. etc. 656 An evil, unquiet conscience will
extremely dissweeten a full cup of outward comforts. 1667
Fiavet Saint Indeed (1754) 125 That fellowship is so dis-
sweetened by remaining corruptions.
Dissyde, obs. form of Decing.
Dissyllabe: see DisYLLABE.
Dissyllabic, -able, etc.: see DisyL.asic,
DISYLLABLE, etc. .
etric (dissime‘trik), a, =next.
1884 ‘T'ynvALt Introd. to Life of Pasteur 17 He may
comfort himself by the assurance that the conception of a
dissymmetric molecule is not a very precise one.
Dis etrical (dissime'trikal), a. [D1s-
10.] a. The opposite of symmetrical. b. Sym-
metrical, but in opposite directions, like the two
hands. ‘
In Chem. said spec. of crystals haying two correspondin,
forms, but turned in different Sections (like an object an
of two eyes .. He abstained, nor graced the spectacle.
+b. The condition of being dissuaded; a per-
suasion of the ns Obs.
1553 Baie Gardiner's De Vera Obed. (ed. 3) Av, He
runneth post haste into a contrarye Dissuasion.
Dissuasive (diswé'siv), a. and sd. [f. L. type
*dissuasiv-us, £. dissuas- ppl. stem of dessuadere :
see DissuabE and -IvE; cf. F. dissuastf, -ive.
A. adj. Tending to dissuade; characterized by
dissuasion ; dehortatory.
moe M. Man in Moone (1849) 12 If 1 should extract
th st counsell I coulde, being disswasive your
its refl in a mirror); also of molecules in which the
atoms are supposed to be thus arran;
1867 G. Masson tr. Yanet's Materialism 75 Two substances
are F pve Greg choecsancyp pes they are absolutely ae
in respects, except that t! are opposed to each other
like the two hands ¥ the human body. 1880 CLemENsHaw
DISTAFF.
Dissymmetry (dis)si‘métri).
Lack or absence of symmetry. b.
isposed
such as the right and left hands or feet, or between
crystals alike in all respects, save that their angles
lie opposite ways. ;
1845 Stocgueter Handbk. Brit. India (1854) 124 The
er vessels of the country, fF to look upon even for
their strange dis-symmetry and their juent unwieldi-
ness. tr. Schutzenberger s Ferment. 6 is aremarkable
lecture on molecular a, met M. Pasteur had established
an im t distinction between artificial organic
1881 W. Srottiswoove in Nature XXIV. 546 re isa
dissymmetry at the two ends of a battery. Daily News
Sept. 7/2 Pasteur. . propounded the theory that molecular
issymmetry, which is noticed when a beam of i
light is caused by certain solutions to rotate, was .
istic of living matter and its products.
Dissympathy (dis)si-mpapi). xonce-wd. [Dis-
9.] Absence of sympathy.
1860 WorcEsTER cites JOHNSTON,
Dissy‘nagogue, v. zonce-wd. [Dis- 7¢.]
trans, To punish by casting out of the syna-
gogue.
a 1655 Vines Lord's Supp. (1677) 225 The synagogues had
a form of dissynagoguing offences.
Distache, early form of Deracu v.
+ Dista'ckle, v. Ods. [f. Dis- 7a + TAcKLE
sb.] trans. To deprive (a ship) of its tackle. Hence
Dista‘ckled A//. a., deprived of tackle.
1589 W. Ad. Eng. u. Prose Add. (16 Ath h
Fig laaarammeuits ok took: tom Boe any J : Mea ee
distackled Fleete to the shore a lings.
(di'st&d), adv, [f. stem of Dist-ant +
-ad: cf, Dextrap.] In the direction of the end or
distal part of a limb, etc.
a . Barcray New Anat. Nomen. 166 Distad, towards
the distant aspect. 1808 — Muscular Motions 442 A small
bone extending a short way distad onthe leg. 1872 Mivart
Elem. Anat. iw. (1873) 175 The phalanges .. decreasing in
length distad. 1882 Winoes & Gace Anat. Techn, 27 Thus
we say, the elbow is distad of the shoulder .. the humerus
extends distad from the shoulder.
Distaff (distaf). Forms: 1 disteef, 4-5 distaf,
5 dysestafe, 5-6 dystaf(fe, 6-7 distaffe, 5~ dis-
taff. //. distaffs (5-7 distaves). [OE. diste/,
supposed to be for dés- or dise-stef, the second
element being the sb. Starr; dés or dése is app.
identical with LG. diesse (Bremen Whch.) a bunch
of flax on a distaff, and connected with Dize, Dizen
‘to put tow on a distaffe’ (Ray).]
1. A cleft staff about 3 feet long, on which, in the
ancient mode of spinning, wool or flax was wound.
It was held under the left arm, and the fibres of the
material were drawn from it through the fingers of
the left hand, and twisted oxianlly te the actoane
and thumb of the right, with the aid of the suspen
spindle, round which the thread, as it was twisted
or spun, was wound.
c1000 AErric Gloss. in Wr.-Wiilcker 125/21 Colus, distaf.
¢1386 Cuaucer Nun's Pr. T. 563 And Malkyn with a
dystaf in hir hand. 1387 Trevisa //igden (Rolls) ILL. 33
Sardanapallus a e reed selk at pe distaf. ¢ x4
Pict. Voc. in Wr-Wiilcker 794/14 Hee colus, a di
1489 Caxton Faytes of A.1.1.2 Wymen comynly do not
entremete but to spynne on the distaf. 1§23 Firzners.
Hush. § 146 Let thy-dy staffe be alwaye redye for a pastyme. ©
1621 Burton Anat. Med. 1. iv. 1. ii. (1651) 651 Tradesmen
left their shops, women their distaves. Howses Odyssey
(1677) 78 Others with their distaves sate to he
Dryven Virg. Georg. Vv. 475 One common Work ply’ .
their Distaffs full With nied Locks of blue Milesian Wooll.
1816 Scorr BZ. Dwar/iii, Serving w Sate plying theis
distaffs. 1871 R. Extis Catudlus yy - Sing! left
[hand] upbore in wool soft-hooded a distaff. 1876 Rock
Text. Fabr, 2 Spinning from a distaff is even now common
--all through Italy. |
b. In proverbial and figurative phrases. + 70
have tow on one’s distaff; to have work in hand or
trouble in store (ods.).
1386 Cuaucer Miller's T. 588 He hadde moore tow on
his distaf Than Gerueys knew. a1420 Hoccreve De Reg.
Prine. 1226 Towe on my dystaf have I for to spynne More
..than ye wote of yit. 525 Lo. Berners /roéss. 11. clxxiv.
{clxx.] 520 In shorte space he shall haue more flax to his
dystaffe than he can well spynne. 1546 J. Heywoop Prov.
(1867) 60 If they fyre me, some of shall wyn More
towe on their di than they can well spyn. |
are, Piljette XXY, The whole of my patience is now spun
the distaff,
2. The staff or ‘rock’ of a hand spinning-wheel, _
upon which the flax to be spun is placed.
1766 Croker, etc. Dict. Arts s.v. Spinning, Performed on
the wheel with a distaff and spindle. 1828 Wenster, Dis-
taf, the staff of a spinning-wheel, to which a bunch of flax
or tow is tied and from which the thread is drawn.
8. As the type of women’s work or occupation.
1386 Cuaucer Monk's Prol. 19 She rampeth in my face
And crieth..I wol haue thy knyf And thou shalt haue my
distaf and go T= HAKS. Lear I, ii, 17, 1 must
eae
Wurts' Atom, Th. 303 The dissymmetrical compounds thus
formed are. .a mixture in equal of dextro-rotatory
and levo-rotatory bodies. NDALL /ntrod. to Life of
Pasteur 17 Pasteur invoked the aid of helices and magnets,
with a view to rendering crystals dissymmetrical at the
moment of their formation.
Hence Dissymme'‘trically adv.
1880 Ciamensuaw Wurts' Atom, Th. 303 Dissymmetri-
tobacko-taking, you would take it in snuffe. 1684 Pennsylv
cally opp P
ge names at. and giue the Distaffe Into my ee
bands hands. 1611 — C; mb, v. ik, 34 Their owne Noble-
nesse, which could haue turn’d A Distaffe, toa Lance.
B. Harris Parival’s Iron Age 63 The women. .so ly
iled the Town-H: u to make
our such A
taffs ! passe Pont C06 1. ot ee
Senmad Geter for the distal? the spear,
‘DISTAIN.
~b. Hence, symbolically, for the female sex,
female authority or dominion; also, the female
‘branch of a family, the ‘spindle-side’ as opposed
to the ‘spear-side’; a female heir.
Fasyan Chron, vu. 329 He wolde not haue so noble
a lordshyp runne amonge, or to be deuydyd atwene so many
dystauys [i.e. his four daughters]. 1602 Carew Cornwall
(1723) 152 b, M. Militon.. whose sonne being lost in his
trauaile beyond the seas, enriched 6 distaffs with his inherit-
ance. 1644 HoweL. Lng. Tears (1645) 180 Some say the
Crozier, some say the Distaffe was too busie. 1659 B. Harris
Parival's Iron Age The Singios is hereditary, and for
‘want of an heir male, it falls to the Distaff. x Puitiirs
(ed. Kersey) s.v. Distaf7, The Crown of France never falls
to the distaff. 1862 Cartyte Fredk. Gt. (1865) II. 1x. i. 63
Old Anton being already fallen into the distaff, with nothing
but three Granddaughters. :
4, attrib. and Comb., as distaff-business, -right,
-woman; distaff side, the female branch of a house
or family; distaff’s or St. Distaff’s day, the day
after Twelfth Day or the Feast of the Epiphany,
on which day (Jan. 7) women resumed their spin-
ning and other ordinary employments after the
holidays; also called rock-day; distaff cane, a
species of reed, the stems or canes of which are used
for distaffs, arrows, fishing-rods, etc.; distaff
thistle, a name of Carthamus lanatus (Cirsium
Zanatum), from its woolly flowering stems.
1593 Suaxs. Rich. //, ut. ii. 118 Against thy State Yea
Distaffe-Women manage rustie Bills. @ 1633 Lennarp tr.
Charron's Wisd, 1. vii. § 6 (1670) 409 This inconvenience
followeth the friendship of married couples, that itis mingled
with so many other strange matters, children, parents of the
one side and the other, and so many other distaff-businesses
that do many times trouble and interrupt a lively affection.
1648 Herrick /esfer., St. Distaff?’s Day, Partly worke and
partly play Ye must on S. Distaff’s day. [/éid., Give
S. Distaffe all the right, Then bid Christmas sport good
night.) 1715 Petiver in PAil. Trans. XX1X. 234 This
differs from the Distaff-Thistle in having its upper Stalks
woolly like Cobwebs. 1869 Hazuitr Prov. §& Phrases 304
On St. Distaff’s Day, neither work nor play. 1884 Miter
Plant-n., Distaff Cane, Arundo Donax. 1890 Temple Bar
Mag. Nov. 311 ‘Is there insanity in Byng’s blood?’ Not
certainly on the distaff side, the side of his eminently sane
and wholesome mother. 1895 Pottock & Martianp //ist.
Eng. Law M1. 305 For a male to get a share by ‘distaff
right’ [zure coli] was by no means uncommon.
Distain (distéin), v. arch. Forms: 4 de-,
disteign, 4-6 de-, disteyne, 5 destayne, 5-6
dysteyn, 5-7 distayn(e, 6 desteine, Sc. distene,
(pa. pple. distaint), 6-7 destaine, distein(e, dis-
taine, 6-9 destain, 6-distain. [a. OF. destedndre
(stem desteign-), mod.F. déteindre = Pr. destengner,
Sp. destefiir, Com. Rom. f. des-, Dis- 1 + L. tingére
to dye, colour, Tince. The prefix has been con-
formed to the L. type.]
1. trans. To imbue or stain (a thing) with a
colour different from the natural one ; to discolour,
stain, dye, tinge.
1393 Gower Conf. I. 65 Whan his visage is so desteigned.
1586 Martowe 1st Pt. Tambur?. m., ii, The tears that so
distain my cheeks. 1590 Srenser /. Q. 11. xlix, 9, I found
her golden girdle cast astray Distaynd with durt and blood.
1612 Drayton Poly-olb. viii. 113 The Romans that her
‘streame distained with their gore. 1704 OLpm1xon Blenheint
iii, 11 Whose golden Sands are now distain’d with Blood.
1839 Baitey /estus xxi. (1852) 382 Like autumn’s leaves
distained with dusky gold.
2. transf. and fig. To defile ; to bring a blot or
stain upon; to sully, dishonour.
1406 Hoccteve Misrule 340 Among an heep my name is
now desteyned, 7436 Pol. Poents (Rolls) IL. 159 Make fade
the floures Of pagans state, and disteyne oure honnoures.
1594 Suaks. Rich. ///, v. iii. 322 You hauing Lands, and
blest with beauteous wiues, They would restraine the one,
distaine the other, 1622 AinswortH Axnot. Song Sol.
vy. 3, | washt my feet, how shall I them distaine? c¢1750
Suenstone Elegies ix, 39 A soul distain’d by earth and
gold. 1788 Burns JZ vson's Farewell vy, May coward
shame distain his name, The wretch that dare not die! 1873
Morris Love is Enough 107 Surely no shame hath de-
stained thee. x Dixon 7'wo Queens IV. xx. vi. 93 You
would not that.. ould so distain mine honour or con-
science. : : i
+3. To deprive of its colour, brightness, or
splendour ; to dim ; to cause to pale or look dim ;
to outshine. Ods,
¢ 1385 Cuaucer LZ. G. W. 216 Alceste is here that al that
may desteyne. did. 274 (Fairf. MS.) As the sonne wole
the fire disteyne So passeth al my lady souereyne. 1633
P. Frercuer Purple Jsl. vi, ix, These lights the Sunne
distain.
Hence Distained ///. a., Distaining vd/. sd.
a 1483 Liber Niger in Househ, Ord. 69 Which mought be
“made..ne ware the adventure of distaynynge of that
other part. 1580 Hottysanp /reas. Fr. Tong, Enlaidisse-
ment, a dishonestie, a distayning, adefiling. 1390 MarLowr
and Pt. Tamburl, w. i, Shame of nature, which Jaertis’
stream..Can never wash from thy distainéd brows! 1838
Lyrron Calderon viii, Distained and time-hallowed walls.
+ Distain, sd. Obs. rare—}.
Tint, stain, colouring.
1581 Ricu /areweld (1846) 133 To furnishe me with colours
to make the perfect distaine of the beautie in your face.
+ snted, fa. pple. Obs. nonce-wd. [f.
Dis- 5+ Taint v.} Infected, corrupted.
_3599 I. Mlouret] Sivkwormes 44 From egges of euery
Creature good, Sprang nought distainted but this little
broode. :
[f. prec. vb.]
517
Distal (distal), a. [f. stem of Disv-anr + -AL,
after dorsal, ventral, etc.] Anat. Situated away
from the centre of the body, or from the point of
| origin (said of the extremity or distant part af a
limb or organ) ; terminal. Opp. to proxzmal.
1808 J. Barcray Muscular Motions 415 Vhe bones of the
distal phalanx. 1814 J. H. Wisnarr tr. Scarfa’s Treat.
Hernia p. xvi, Each pair of the extremities. . have a proxi-
mal and a distal end; the former being that nearest the
trunk, the latter that most remote. 1875 Darwin /usectiv.
Pl. x. 251 From the distal to the basal end ofa leaf. 1881
Muvart Cat 37 The paw is the distal part of a limb.
b. trans.
31882 D. Hooper in Standard 10 Oct. 2/2 The drainage-
pipes are..very imperfectly .. connected at their proximal
or house termination, although they must, by the Act, be
well connected at their distal or main drain termination.
1885 Kiein Jicro-organ. & Dis, (1886) 20 ‘Vhe distal end of
the tube is introduced. .into the neck of the sterilised flask.
1894 Westm. Gaz, 20 June 3/2 ‘The distal message can be
reproduced type-written.
Distally (distali), adv. [f. prec. + -Ly 2.]
In a distal direction ; at the distant or outer end.
1870 Rotteston Anim, Life 12 Their distally bifid trans-
verse processes increase in size. 1872 Mivarr Llem, Anat,
71 Ribs may also bifurcate distally.
Distance (di'stins), sb. Forms: 3 destance,
4 -aunce, distawns, 4-6 distans, dis-, dys-
taunce, 5 dis-, dystawnce, distauns, 3-distance.
[a. OF. destance, distance (13th c. in Littré), ad. L.
distantéa ‘standing apart’, hence ‘separation,
opening (between) ; distance, remoteness ;_ differ-
ence, diversity’, f. déstdnt-em pr. pple., Distant.
By a further development, OF. destance had the
sense ‘ discord, quarrel’, which was also the earliest
in Eng. In senses adopted directly from Latin, the
form distance was used in OF., and this soon be-
came the only form in Eng. The chronological
appearance of the senses does not correspond to the
logical development in L.]
I. [from OF. destance discord, quarrel.]
+1. The condition of being at variance ; discord,
disagreement, dissension; dispute, debate.
(After 1600, passing into the sense of ‘ estrangement, cool-
ness ; cf. sense 8.)
1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 511 The barons sende to the King
Philip of France, ‘That he hom sende socour in this luther
destance. 1375 Barsour Bruce vu. 620 Emang thame su-
danly Thair raiss debate and gret distans. 1393 Gowrr
Conf, 111, 348 And thus we fellen in distaunce My prest
and I. a1g00 Octouian 1523 He was y-take with greet
destaunce And other kynges four. c1430.LypG. M/én. Poems
(1840) 60(Matz.) Triew people to sette at distaunce. ¢ 1470
Harpinc Chron. crm. i, In Wales Morgan made war &
great distaunce. 1523 Lp. Berners /7oiss. I. ccclvii. 578
They were in suche vnyte, that there was no dystaunce
amonge them. 1605 Suaxs. A/acd. ut. i, 115. 1667 Pepys
Diary (1877) V. 18 This. .do breed a kind of inward distance
between the King and the Duke of York. 1752 Fietpinc
Amelia i. ii, There was some little distance between them,
which I hoped to have the happiness of accommodating.
+b. With @ and Z/. An instance of this; a
quarrel, a disagreement ; in later use, an estrange-
ment. Ods.
_ ¢1290 Beket 1267 in S, Eng. Leg. 1. 142 A destaunce pare
is isproungue li3tliche in Engelonde, bat destourbez al bat
lond. 1297 R. Gouc. (1724) 570 Suppe ber was at Londone
a lute destance, ich wene. ¢1330 R. BruNNE Chron. (1810)
294 Bituex pe kyng of France & be erle William Was bat
tyme a distance. tae Lypc. Bochas i. vii. (1554) 79 a,
He told them plainly of a great distaunce. .and a discencion.
1650 B. Déiscolliminium 30 It would allay and heale many
great distances, and procure many .. friends. 1666 Perys
Diary 10 Sept., There have been some late distances
between his lady and him.
+c. Without distance: without debate, discord,
or opposition ; often parenthetically qualifying the
statement: Without dispute or contradiction, as-
suredly, ‘ ywis’. Ods.
¢ 1325 Coer de L. 2032 In March moneth, the Kyng of
Fraunce Went to ship without distaunce. ¢1400 Ca/o's
Morals 320 in Cursor M. p. 1673, & pou se first chaunce,
[co]me wip-out distaunce, first pou hit take. c1430 Syr
Yryam. 1017 And let owre londys be in pees, Wythowtyn
any dystawnce. ¢1460 Towneley Myst. 21 Sex hundreth
yere and od have I, without distance, In erth. .liffyd. 14..
Cokwold’s Daunce 136 in Hazl. £. P. P. 1. 44 After mete
with out distans, The cokwolds schuld together danse.
II. [from L. distantia in sense ‘ difference ’.]
+2. Difference, diversity. Ods.
1382 Wycuir Dext. i. 17 Noon shal be distaunce of per-
sones, 148x Caxton Myrr. 1. xiv. 46 She gyueth to one
somme thyng that another hath not in hym, few be it that
noman can perceyue any distaunce. 1556 Axrelio § /sad.
(1608) G vij, There is yet founde in suche errour grete dis-
tance betwene affection and reason.
III. [from L. déstanitia, F. distance, in the sense
of ‘ being apart in space’.]
3. The fact or condition of being apart or far off
in space ; remoteness.
1594 Carew Huarte's Exam, Wits (1616) 23 Places ..
that are not more than a little league in distance. 1660
HIckerincitL Yamaica (1661) 54 Distance and absence
usually enhanceth the affections of near friends, 1709 Pore
Ess. Crit. 174 Which..Due distance reconciles to form and
grace. 1799 CamppBe.t Pleas, Hope 1. 7 "Tis distance lends
enchantment to the view. 1820 SHELtey Let, to AZ. Gis-
borne 287 Afar the Contadino’s song is heard, Rude but
made sweet by distance. .
DISTANCE.
4. The extent of space lying between any two
objects ; the space to be passed over before reach-
ing an object. With @ and £/., an intervening
space.
c1440 Promp. Parv. 123/1 Distawnce of place [P. or
space] betwene ij thyngys, d/stancia. axsq4x Wyatt in
Vottell’s Misc, (Arb.) 74 When I think vpon the distaunce,
and the space: That doth so farre deuide me from my
dere desired face. 1559 W. CUNNINGHAM Cossogr. Glasse 10
‘The sterres kepe one uniforme distance in moving. 1608
D. T. Ess. Fol. §& Mor. 96 Ther is too great a distance
betweene us and thee. 1663 Grerpier Counsel 34 A Head
[consists] of so many distances between the one Eye and
the other. 1690 Locke //w. Und. ut. xiii. (R.) This space
consider’d barely in length between any two beings, with-
out considering anything else between them, is called dis-
tance, 1712 J. James tr. Le Blonda's Gardening 160 Vhe
Plants are spaced out..at three Foot Distances. 1860
‘Tyxpatt Glac, 1. x. 66 The width of the fissure seemed to
be fairly within jumping distance. 1868 Lockyer Elem.
Alstron., ii. $7 (1879) 38 Astronomers now know the distance
of the Sun from th® Earth. 1891 Sfecfator 28 Feb., ‘The
wedge-formation is abandoned. .and the ducks fly in single
file, though the ‘distances’ are always accurately kept.
+b. Lineal extent. Obs. rare.
1582 N, Licuertecp tr. Castanheda's Cong. E. Ind. xxix.
72 b, Whether it were a firme landé, as it did appeare .. by
the great distance of the Coast that they had found.
5. Technical applications of 4. a. A/élit, The
space between man and man when standing in
rank ; also the space between the ranks.
Distance of di ons ‘is the number of paces, of thirty
inches each, comprised in the front of any division or body,
and is nearly three-fourths of the number of files’ (Stoc-
queler 1853). Déstance of the bastion (Fortif., ‘a term
applied to the exterior polygon’ (¢éz:.). .
1635 Barrirre A777, Discip. vi. (1643) 24 Distance is the
space of ground, betweene man and man, either in file, or
Ranke. 1690 S. Sewaut. Diary 24 Mar. (1878) I. 316, I goe
into the field, pray with the South Company, Exercise
them in a few Distances, Facings, Doublings. 1833 A’eg
Lusty. Cavatry 1. 67 Take Distance .. A horse’s len
half distance. /é/d¢. 122 The Files prove distance di-
rected, 1859 F. A. Grieritus Artil. Aan. (1862) 16 Open
to quarter (or wheeling) distance from the front. P
b. Fencing. A definite interval of space to be
observed between two combatants.
1592 Suaks. Rom. & Ful. u. iv. 21 He fights as you sing
pricksong, keeps time, distance, and proportion, he rests
his minum, one, two, and the third in your bosom. 1612
— Wint. 7. 1. 1. 233 In these times you stand on distance :
your Passes, Stoccado’s, and I know not what. 1684 R. H.
School Recreat. 74 Being within Distance, approach with
your first Motion. 1809 RoLtaxp /eaucing 31 The words
measure and distance are frequently used promiscuously,
they being synonymous in Fencing.
e. Horse-racing. The space measured back from
the winning-post which a horse must have reached,
in a heat-race, when the winning horse has covered
the whole course, in order not to be ‘distanced’
or disqualified for subsequent heats.
(The practice is obsolete in England, but not in U.S.,
where ‘distances’ varying according to the length of the
course are in use in trotting and running races.)
1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. v. (1686) 75 A Horse-length
lost by odds of Weight in the first Train, may prove a dis-
tance in the streight Course at last; for the Weight is the
same every Heat tho his strength be not. 1723 Lond. Gaz.
No. 6172/4 ‘The Horse... that wins two Heats and saves
his Distance a third too, wins the Plate. 1810 Sporting
Mag. XXXVI. 241 When about two distances from home
.. his colt hung upon the former. 1875 ‘SToNEHENGE’
Brit. Sports 1.1. xiv. § 2. 490 A round, flat course, short
of two miles by a distance. 1894 Standard 20 Oct. 6/t
‘The 2000 yards—a mile and a distance, ‘ distance’ being the
term for a measurement of 240 yards—of the new Cam-
bridgeshire course.
+d. A/us. An interval. Oés.
155 Rosinson tr. A/ore's Utop. (Arb.) 116 No other liu-
inge creature. .perceaueth the concordaunte and discordant
distaunces of soundes, and tunes. 1684 R. H. School
Recreat. 120 ‘Two lesser Distances .. named Semitones.
1797 Monthly Mag. \11. 226 ‘They exhibit the author as
straining after novelty by eccentric distances, and by move-
ments out of cathedral time.
e. In various technical phrases, as Foca d.,
Powar d., ZENITH @., etc.: see also these words.
1696 Puiturs, Distance ..in Navigation .. signifies the
number of Degrees, Leagues, &c., that a Ship has fail’d
from any purposed point; or the Distance in Degrees,
Leagues, &c., of any two Places. 1727-51 CHamBERs Cycé.,
Line of Distance, in perspective, is a right line drawn from
the eye to the principal point .. Point of Distance, in per-
spective, is a point in the horizontal line at such distance
from the principal point, as is that of the eye from the
same. 1762 Fatconer Shipwr. 1. 748 Thus height and
polar distance are obtain’d, Then latitude and declination
gain’d. 1795 Gentl, Mag. 541/1 Objects .. placed beyond
the focal fdas 1819 Jas. Witson Dict. Astrol. 81 ‘The
distance of any place is found by subtracting the ascension
of the preceding part, or its descension, from that of the
succeeding part. 1832 Nat. Philos., Electr. vi. § 87. 23
(Useful Knowl. Soc.) The distance between the conducting
bodies requisite for the transfer of electricity through the
air, or what is termed the striking distance. 1834 /éid.,
Navig. 1. ii. § 12 The ‘lines which make with the meridian
lines the angles called courses are called nautical distances.
1837 Penny Cycl. IX. 22/2 This common word .. is very
fr ly applied to lar di ing the angle
of separation which the directions of two bodies include ..
In the apparent sphere of the heavens, distance always
means angular distance. 1876 Gwitt Excycl. Archit, Gloss.,
Distance of the Eye, in perspective, the distance of the
— oon the picture in a line perpendicular to the plane
therecf.
DISTANCE.
6. fe. Remoteness, or — of remoteness, in
any relation to which spatial terms are transferred
or figuratively applied; e.g. in likeness, relation-
ship, allusion, degree, etc. ‘Ideal disjunction,
mental separation’ (J.).
1667 Woop Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 108 This .. was soe
much resented that Mr. Vernon in a sermon at S. Marie’s
told the auditory at a distance of it [#¢. by a distant allu-
sion], 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India & P.93 A Shiek is a
Cousin too, at a distance. a1715 Burnet Time (1823)
I. 393 They did it at so great a distance, that .. there was
no danger of misprision of treason. 1871 B. Stewart
Heat § 301 Some [substances] being near their melting-
points, others at a great distance from them. 1875 Maine
Hist. Inst. ii. 30 The mistake .. I conceive to have been
an effect of mental distance. 1876 Moztey Univ. Serm.
iii, (1877) 67 The distance of an end raises the rank of the
labour undergone for it.
+7. Position (high or low) with respect to others;
class, rank. Obs. rare.
1655 Futter Ch. Hist. vin. ii. § 33,41 am not satisfied in
what distance properly to place these persons. Some ..
will account it too high, to rank them amongst Tn
and surely, I conceive it too low, to esteem them but bare
Confessours.
8. Of relations of personal intercourse: Remote-
ness in intercourse, the opposite of intimacy or
familiarity, arising from disparity of rank or station,
or exclusiveness of feeling: hence, on the one part,
a. Aloofness, ‘ stand-off-ness’, excessive reserve or
dignity ; on the other, b. Deferential attitude, de-
ference.
1597 Suaks. Lover's Compl. 1531 With safest distance
1 mine honour shielded. /é¢d. 237 She.. kept cold distance,
and did thence remove, To spend her living in eternal love.
Fi Oth. 1. iii. 13 He shall in strangenesse stand no
farther off, Than in a politique distance.
a 1660 F. Brooxe tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 294 He was
a benigne and courteous Prince, affectionate .. without
state or distance. 1738 Neav //ist. Purit, 1V. 88 To let
them see how little he valued those distances he was bound
to observe for form sake with others. 1765 Orton Jem. ?.
Doddridge viii. 199 He had contracted nothing of that
moroseness and distance. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. /ndia 11.
V. vii. 620 They put on the forms of distance; and stood
upon elevated terms. 1827 Macautay Country Clergym.
Trip vi, No fleering ! no distance ! no scorn,
b. 1689 Andros Tracts 11. 107 The Government expects
to be treated with more Distance and Difference. 1699
Benttry Phal. 287 I'll observe the respect and distance
that’s due to him from his Scholar. a@1700 Drypen (J.),
I hope your modesty Will know, what distance to the
crown is due. 1742 Frecpinc ¥. Andrews 1. ix, Slipslop ..
had preserved hitherto a distance to her lady.
c. Zo keep one’s distance: to observe the due
reserve and avoidance of familiarity which are
proper to one’s position. Zo know one’s distance :
to recognize what distance ought to be kept.
r6o1 Suaxs. Ad/'s Well v. iii. 212 She knew her distance,
and did angle for mee, Madding my eagernesse with her
restraint. 1624 Massincer /'ar/. Love u. iii, Pray you,
keep your distance, And grow not rude, 1642 Futter
Holy & Prof. St. W. xvi. 325 Teaching words their distance
to wait on his matter. 1660 I’. M. //ist. —— Iv. 65
‘They intended to curb the Wallingford party, by teaching
them manners, and to know their distance, 1727 Pore
Th. on Var. Subj. Swift's Wks. 1755 II. 1. 231 tf a man
makes me keep my distance, the comfort is, he keeps his at
the same time. 1773 GotpsM. Stoops to Cong. u, It won't
do; so I beg you'll keep your distance. 1831 Society 1. 12
Her mother .. treated him with bare civility, to make him,
as she expressed it, keep his distance.
9. In prepositional phrases and constructions. a.
At a distance, at d.: remote, far away; also, at a
specified interval of space (see also sense 6). So
tin distance (obs.). Out of distance: too far away,
out of reach,
1638 Sin T. Hersert 7rav. (ed. 2) 52 The Distoore and
other Lay-men (at 12 foot distance) surround the holy
Diety. 1654 Covrincton tr. ist, Justine 74 To those who
at distance do observe it, 1655 Fuuter Ch. //ist. 1x. vi. $29
‘The wary Archbishop, not over-fond of his friendship, kept
him at distance. 1697 Damrier Voy. 1. 261 At a distance it
spveers like an Island. 2721 SreeLe Sfect. No. 96 P 2 My
aster., has often been weep e for not keeping me at a dis-
tance. 1713 Appison Guardian No. 167? 8 At about a mile’s
distance from the black temple. ¢ 1790 WitLock Voy. 305 At
a safe distance from the scene of action. 1845 M. Parrison
Ess, (1889) I. 17 At no great distance from the Island a
1847 Tennyson Princ, vi. 67 Blanche At distance follow’d.
1563 W. Furxe Meteors (1640) 42 Not .. too farre off ..
neither yet too neere .. but in a competent and middle dis-
tance. 1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. 1v. i, Kept in distance
at the halberts point. a 1613 Oversury Newes from Sea
Wks. (1856) 181 A mans companions are (like ships) to be
kept in distance, for falling foule one of another.
1641 Br. Haut Rem, Wks. (1660) 95 Those that are out of
distance what noise so ever they make, are not heard. _
Futter Holy & Prof. St. u. xvii. 114 He never deman
out of distance of the price he intends to take. 1655 — CA.
Hist. vt. i. $16 For skill in School-Divinity they beat all
other Orders quite out of distance. 1815 Jane AusTEN
Emma i. xiv. 233 We are rather out of distance from the
very striking beauties, ;
b, Also used without preposition as an adverbial
adjunct of measure.
1577 B. Gooce Heresbach's Husb. u. (1586) 99 Take
heede .. that trees stand a good distance a sunder.
3597 Suaks. 2 Hen, /V,1v. i, 226 Pleaseth your Lordship
‘o meet his Grace, iust distance ’tweene our Armies?
Damrier Voy. 1. 116 A Rock a distance from the
shore. ax719 Appison (J.), He lived but a few miles
distance from her father’s house, 1792 Gentil Mag.
518
13/2 The bridge ..is some little distance from the main
Street.
10. e/lipt. A point or place at a distance, the
region in the distance. a. A point at a distance,
a distant point. Chiefly in the phrases /rom,
to a distance. .
1782 Cowrer Progr. Err. 202 Viewed from a distance ..
Folly and Innocence are so alike. ¢ 1790 Wittock Voy. 316,
I found I was unable to walk to any distance. 1845 Darwin
Voy. Nat. i. (1899) 8 The rocks of St. Paul a from
a distance of a brilliantly white colour. JZo7. Visitors from
adi have the prefe e. He has dtoadi
b. The remote part of the field of vision or per-
ception; the distant or far-off region; esp. in the
phr. in the distance.
1813 Suettey Q. Mab 11. 84 There was a little light That
twinkled in the misty distance. 1847 Tennyson Princ.
1v. 63 A trumpet in the distance pealing news. 1856 Kane
Arct. Expl. 1. v. 46 All the back country appeared one
great rolling distance of glacier. 1887 Bowen Virg. Aincid
1. 34 Scarce had Sicily’s shores in the distance faded away.
5 Gtapstone in Daily News 28 Jan. 3/3 Viewed now,
caknly, in the light of the golden distance.
ce. Painting, etc. The distant part of a land-
scape; the part of a picture oes this.
Middle distance, the part midway between the foreground
and the remote region.
1706 Art of Painting (1744) 424 Accustom'd himself to
take in a large extent is hillsand distance. 1813 Examiner
10 May 299/2 His.. greyish green middle-distance, blue
horizon, and grey sky, constitute a rich system of colour.
1865 KINGSLEY Heveen Prel. 18 Dark and sad. .autumn days,
when all the distances were shut off. 1861 THorNbURY
7 urner (1862) I. 8g His distances were low, and his trees
ill-formed. 1891 T. Harpy 7ess I. ii, The atmosphere. .is
so tinged with azure, that what artists call the middle
distance partakes also of that hue. :
ll. ¢ransf. The extent or ‘space’ of time between
two events ; an interval, intervening period. (Now
only in phr. distance of time, implying remote-
ness, )
1384 Cuaucer //. Fame 1. 18 To knowe..neyther the
distaunce Of tymes of hem. 1494 Fasyan CAron, vit. 550
After a dystaunce or pause of tyme, the archebysshop ..
stode vp and askyd [etc.]. 1622 Sparrow Bk. Com. Prayer
(1661) 244 The Communion-Service is to be some good
distance after the Morning Service. 1699 Benttey Aad.
404 From the Date of the Mosaic Law to the Prophecy of
Ezekiel, there’s a distance of goo Years. 1774 Foote
Coseners 1. Wks. 1799 II. 180 Take this draught three
times a day, at two hours distance. 1820 Scoressy Acc.
Arctic Reg. 1. 43 At the distance of eighteen to thirty
years, from the time when the several navigations were
performed. 1849 Macaucay //ist. Eng. 1. 455 An ap-
prehension not to be mentioned, even at this distance of
time, without shame and indignation. 1871 Mortey Vol-
DISTANT.
1695 D: Dufr — Paint. (J), That which
RYDEN tr, ‘resnoy's Art » Ce rt
aires a eleedin a Saal, uick li rt
appears to be on the side nearest to us, and the
consequence the object. 1864
Trav. Fob = which the ripe Italian air distances
witha like that on unplucked grapes.
+38, intr. To be distant; to go to a distance.
Obs. rare. .
eon Treas. Dav. Ps. cvi. 5 The
i rom the beginning, the poorer they
were. 1658 J. Wess tr, Calprenede’s Cleopatra vi, i. 7
Unable to hinder their distancing..a great way from the
place of combate. z.
4. trans. To put or leave at a distance by
superior speed; to outstrip or leave behind in a
race, or ( fig.) in any competition.
1642 H. More Song of Soud u. iii. 1. xxi, The Sun and all
the starres that do appear She feels them in herself, can
distance all. 1691 Norris Pract. Disc. 37 We are utterly
Distane’d in the Race. 1712 W. Rocers Voy. 127 He
distanc’d and tir’d both the and the Men. 1851 Loner.
Gold. Leg. v. Foot of the Alps, Our fleeter steeds have
distanced our attendants. 1856 Lever Martins of Cro’ M.
55 [He] had di d all his Pp s in his College
career.
b. To put or leave (a place) at a distance by
going away from it; to leave behind.
1873 Mus. Cartes in Sunday Mag. Feb. 332 We heard
the joyous voices sound louder and freer as they distanced
the solemn precincts.
e. To keep at a distance from, ? Ods.
1786 Map. D'Arsiay Diary 28 Nov., I wished them well
--but I distanced them to the best of my power.
da. Horse-racing. To beat by a distance: see
quot. 1803 and Distance sé. 5 c.
1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. v. (1686) 72 The hindmost
Horse being bound to follow him, within a certain distance
agreed on..and which ever Horse could distance the other
won the Match. 1707 Lond. Gas. No. 4363/4 Paying a
Guinea Entrance (which is to go to the second Horse,
distanc’d or not distanc'd), 1713 STEELE Guardian No. 6.
Pp 5 He puts in for the Queen’s plate every year, with orders
to his rider never to win or be distanced. 1803 M. Cutter
in Life, etc. (1888) I. 142 At a distance of about ten rods..
is another stage. .called the distanced stage. If any horses
in the race do not arrive at this stage before the foremost
arrives at the stage from which they started, they are said to
be distanced, and are taken out, and not suffered to run again
in the same race, i
fig. 3822 Scorr Nigel i, Vincent beat his companion
beyond the distance-post, in.. dexterity of hand ..and
double-distanced him in all respecting the commercial
affairs of the shop.
Hence Di-stancing vi/. sb. and ff?. a.
1658 J. Wess tr. Calprenede's Cleopatra vm. i. 7 To
the di ing of Coriol. , whom she fled, and wi
taire (1886) 172 The connection may be seen at our d
of time to have been marked and unmistakable.
12. attrib. and Comb., as distance-language; dis-
tance-softened, distance-vetled adjs. Also distance-
block, a block inserted between two objects to
keep them a required distance apart; distance-
flag (Horse-racing), a flag held by the man who is
stationed at the distance-post; distance-judge,
a judge stationed at the distance-post, a post (or
flag) placed at the fixed ‘distance’ (see 5c) in front
of the winning post in a heat-race, to note what
horses are ‘distanced’, through failing to reach
this before the winner passes the winning-post ; dis-
tance-piece = distance-block; distance-signal :
see Distant 3d; distance-stand, a stand erected
at the distance-post on a race-course.
— British Press 6 Apr. in Spirit Pub. Fruis. (1810)
XIIL. 63 Gibby and Premier .. were scarcely able to strike
a trot in passing the distance-post. 1809 J. P. Ropernean
/bid. 162 You a‘n't-near even the distance-post of notoriety.
1850 Mrs. Browninc Poems II. 196 You can hear that
evermore Distance-softened noise. 1870 Braise Encyeé.
Rur. Sports 1. iv. 371 In coming in on the right of the
course, there should ‘ two distance-posts ; the first is to
be erected two hundred and forty yards from the winning-
t; the second a hundred and twenty from it. /did. 372
So that the man in the distance-stand may clearly see the
winning-post, and be ready to ee the distance-flag. 1874
3d).
Distance signal [see Distant z Ke J. Menken
oO) or
Infidelity she detested. 1786 Mav. D'Arsiay Diary
., His appearance and air ure dignified ..
rather distancing. 1816 Sforting Mag. XLVII. 233 On
account of such Gistancing superiority.
ed (di'stinst), #/.a. [f. prec. +-ED1.]
+1. Put or set at adistance; remote, distant. Ods.
1654 tr. Scudery's Curia Pol. 135 Alexander the Great
commanded Subjects (though remote and distanced) in the
farthest parts, 1668 H. More Div. Dial. ut. xxviii, 481
‘The distanced Singing of the chearful Birds. »
Reply 9x In many thousand far distanced places at
once.
+b. At variance, differing in opinion. Ods.
1644 J. Goopwin Jnnoc. Triumph, (1645) 54 Persons, not
onely distanced in their judgements about Church-Govern-
ment, but about the God-head of Christ.
2. Left behind, epanie f— as in a race.
1713 Gay Fan Poems 1745 1. 31 The bounding damsel flies,
Strains to the goal, the distanc'd lover dies.
Iliad x1, 200 Still slaughtering on, the |
ceeds; The distanced arm wonders at his deeds.
b. Horse-racing. Beaten by a distance; see
Distance sd. 5c.
1737 Bracken Farriery Jimpr. (1757) 11. 168 When th
sapeu'e to ride a distanc’d Hone 1870 Biaine Lncye
i horse cannot start agai
Rur. Sports uu, iv. 363 A
‘stanceless, ¢. [f. Distance sh, 10b +
-LESS.] In which things in the distance are not
visible.
Kinostry Yeast i. (D.), A silent, dim, distanceless,
Infelicia 93 There cometh a hum, as veil
battle. + A H. Drummonp Ascent of Man 233 ‘This new
distance-language began again at the beginning, just as all
Language does, by employing signs.
Distance, z. [f.prec. sb. Cf. F. déstancer (14th
c. in Hatz.-Darm.).]
1. trans. To place at a distance; to separate by
a space ; to eloign.
1578 Banister /ist. Man 1. 19 The head is distaunsed
from the body so much in man, for the cause of Aspera
Arteria, 1624 T. Scorr Eng. Spanish Pilgr. iii. 14 Furnished
with some 50 beds, distanced era} by a partition of boards.
ax661 Futter Worthies, Hantshire . 1 Not to speak of
the oe a conveniently distanced from London. 1860
ond.
EMERSON Life, Fate 19 This insight. .distances those
who share it from those who share it not.
+b. To fix the distance of. ee 7 i
1690 Act 2 W. §& M. in Lond. Gaz, (1 No.
Persons paying to any Lamps, distanced by ong Pe
Majesty’s Justices of the Peace, are fe rae from hangi
out a Lanthorn and Candle. 1715 Leont /adlladio's
Archit, 142) 1. 21 This aandtex of Sotinebieg the Column
is. .call'd Systylos.
+c. To express the distance of. Ods. rare.
1650 Futter Pisgah 1, xiii, 40 The Hebrews distanced
their places by severall measures.
i day in March.
Distancy (di'stinsi). rare. [ad. L. distantia
DISTANCE: see -ANCY.] ;
This word...
+2. Distantness in space. Ods. :
of Soul Mt Mt, vi. (R.), Even absent
things present
hilos. Poems, Infin. Worlde xt,
Ho. Lords xiii, 277 A certain distaney
Fis yal gir 5 Chambe rut. 690 He hid ened
ings ‘under the habitual mask of stolid distancy. ‘
(daistenik), a. Chem. [f. Di-2 2
+ Srannic.] Of or containing two equivalents of
tin (stannum), : alae &
ae Chem. (ed. 11) 593 It forms distannic oxy-
ide. ‘ iy}
“Distant (distint), a [a. F. distant (Oresme,
x4th c.), sd, Ly oietieeows stan Seet separate, —
distan . aiferen t, pr. pple. of distaretto stand apart: —
see DIsTANCE.] Pe ee
DISTANT.
‘1. Separate or apart in space (by a specified in-
terval), Const. from,
exggx Cuaucer Astrol. 1. § 17 It departeth the furste
Moevable. .in 2 ilike parties, evene distantz fro the poles of
is world. 1546 Mem, Ripon (Surtees) III. 26 The same
is distaunt from the paroch Church ccce Foote. 1559 W.
CunnincuaM Cosmogr. Glasse 125 Within which draw an
other Circle, a finger bredth distant. 1568 Grarton Chron.
TI. 1284 The armies. .not distaunt by estimation above two
myles, 1611 Biste “Exod, xxxvi. 22 One board had two
tenons, equally distant one from another. 1 Ro.
School Recreat. 46 Hold it even with the Muzzle of the
Musket..about an Inch distant. 1778 Miss Burney Zvelina
iv, This retired place, to which Dorchester, the nearest
town, is seven miles distant. 1832 Act 2-3 Will. V, c. 64
Sched. O. 38 A straight line drawn due east to a point one
hundred yards distant.
2. Separated by an unspecified but large or con-
siderable space; far apart, not close together.
(Often used in Nat. Hist. of teeth, spines, hairs, leaves,
spots, etc.)
1548 Hatt Chron. Hen, V (an. 1) (R, All other nacions
were astonnied to sé suche an honorable compaignie come
from a countree so farre distant. 1577 B. Goocr Heresbach’s
Husb, 1. (1586) 154 b, His [a dog's] shoulder pointes well
distant. ¢1586 C’ress PemprokeE Ps, Lxxil. vii, The woods,
where enterlaced trees .. loyne at the head, though distant
at the knees. 1667 Mitton P., L. x. 362, I felt, Though dis-
tant from thee Worlds between, yet felt That I must after
thee with this thy Son, 1760 Anne STEELE //ymn ‘O for
one celestial ray’ ii, Distant from thy blest abode, 1762
Fatconer SAifwr. 1. 43 In distant souls congenial passions
glow. 1828 Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. 1. 465 Jaws armed
with pointed and distant teeth.
3. Standing, lying, or taking place afar off ; not
near at hand, remote.
1590 Suaks. Mids. N. 1. ii. 60 So farre be distant, and
good night sweet friend. 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. 1.
2 The Stallion ., trembles for the distant Mare. 1710
‘ope Windsor For. 401 Earth’s distant ends our glory shall
behold. 1712 W. Rocers Voy. 2 Furnish’d with all Neces-
saries .. for a distant Undertaking. 1747 Gray (¢7t/e), Ode
on a Distant Prospect of Eton College. 1817 Wotre Burial
Sir ¥ Moore vii, We heard the distant and random gun
‘That the foe was sullenly firing, 1850 Kincstey A/t¢. Locke
i, Even the Surrey hills ., Are to me a distant fairy land.
1879 Hartan Lyesight viii. 105 Distant vision is a passive
sensation not more exhausting than breathing.
+b. Long in extent. Obs. rare. »
1705 Bosman Guinea 250 If the Trees be high, or the way
any thing distant. ‘ :
ec, Of the eyes: Looking into the far-distance.
rare.
1873 Brack Pr. Thule xxi. 335 Her companion’s pale face
and troubled and distant eyes. 1877 — Green Past. i, The
large and tender eyes are distant and troubled.
d. Distant signal: spec. on railways: a signal
placed some distance in advance of a home signal
to give earlier intimation of what the latter indi-
cates (orig. one placed some distance in advance
of the point of danger); also called distance
signal,
1820 Scorespy Acc. Arctic Reg. II. 524 The sails of the
ship are frequently used as distant signals. 1874 R. C.
Rapier Signals Railw. 15 A distance signal was put up at
St. Margaret’s, near Edinburgh, 250 yards in advance of
the point of dangee 5 and after this distant signals became
general. /did. The Great Northern was, at its construction
in 1852, gr fitted with distant signals of the sema-
proce type. /bid. 46 Separate distant signal arms for each
ome signal, x! G. Finptay £xg. Railway 68 The
distant signal is placed at varying distances behind the
home signal, according to circumstances.
4. Far apart or remote in time.
1603 Suaxs. Meas. for M, u. i. 93 We had but two in the
house, which at that very distant time stood, as it were in
afruit dish. 1732 BerKeLtry Alcifhr. vi. § 8 The books of
Holy Scripture were written..at distant times. 1757 GLYNN
Day of hon (Mason), Whom distant ages to each
other’s sight Had long denied. 1849 Macautay Hist. Exg,
II. 148 The Parliament was again prorogued to a distant
day, 1860 Tynpat Glac. u. viii. 264 The glacier may also
diminish in length at distant intervals.
5. transf. and fig. Remote in relations other than
those of space and time. Distant likeness: a faint
resemblance; the opposite of a close resem-
blance.
1538 Starkey England 1, iv. 108 A grete faute in our
a cy and much dystant from al cyuyle ordur. 1674
+ Cox Gentl. Recreat, v. ae 76 He may be far distant
from that perfect State of Body. 1711 Appison Sfect. No.
122 P 9, I could still discover a distant Resemblance of m
old Friend, 1777 Suermwan Sch. Scand. ww. iii, I haven't
the most distant idea. 1866 ArcyLL Reign Law vi. (1871)
274 Is it only by distant analogy? 1891 Leeds Mercury
27 ae 4/7 Not even the most distant allusion was made
it,
b. spec. Remotely related in kinship,
@61r Braum. & Fi. Maid's Trag. m. i, Good day,
Amintor! for, to me, the name Of brother is too distant.
1768 StERNE Sent, Fourn. (1778) II. 57 (Stvord) Unlook’d
for beq from d branches of his house. 183
Lyrron Godolph. 5 A di ion of the d d
3868 Freeman Norm, Cong. (1876) II. App. 671 Not a sister,
but a more distant kinswoman of the Emperor,
+6. Different in character or quality. Ods.
1659 Hammonp On Ps. i. Heading to Paraphr. 5 The
distant fate of pious and less men. 1667 Decay Chr.
Piety xix, » 2 Is it fit she should have guardians and
champions of a quite distant temper? 1705 Srannore
Paraphr. 1, 44 Distant opinions about the same Things.
ba 2. te ees 26P1r Seog ot Mee in their
stant c! fore resume to dri ‘ea or
late in those Places, ys EN te “
519
7. Reserved in intercourse; standing aloof; not
intimate or expressive of intimacy.
1709 STEELE Tatler No, 126 » 1 The distant Behaviour
of the Prude. 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. W. xxxi, He made Miss
Wilmot a modest and distant bow. 1828 Life Planter
Famaica (ed. 2) 209 [He] obtained a very distant and stately
reception, 1866 Mrs. H. Woop St. Martin's Eve x, She
desired Eleanor to be very distant with him,
8. Comb. : .
I R, Porrer 4schylus (1779) 1. 55 (Jod.) Train’d to
baer The distant-wounding how. 8 ae ae Lett.
(1811) IL. 181 The visits of distant-dwelling friends.
+ Dista‘ntial, a. Os. [f. L. distentia Dis-
TANCE+-AL.] Distant, far-off; differing, diverse.
1648 W. Mountacue Devout Ess. 1, xii. § 1 (R.) How
distancial are we from this ingenious coercion of our pol-
luted fancies! 1656 Blount Glossogr., Distantial, differing
or distant, far asunder, divers, 1676 H. More Remarks
145 Colligating..parts of the most distantial textures and
consistencies. 1713 Deruam Phys. Theol. vin. iv. 402 Their
Cornea and Optick Nerve. .are only fitted to see distantial
objects.
+ Distantiate, v. Ols. [f. L. distantia Dis-
TANCE+-ATE3,] trans. To take the distance of.
1610 W, Fo.KincHaM Art of Survey ut. v. 55 From con-
uenient distances in the same, distantiate euery By, dis-
persed in the Plot.
Distantly (disstantli), adv. [f. Distant +
-LY *.] In a distant manner. .
1. At a distance in space or time; remotely, afar
off.
1675 tr. Camden's Hist. Eliz. an. 1580 (R.), These Irish
matters, though in time somewhat distantly acted, I have
thought good to mention together. 1678 Cupwortn /xZe//.
Syst. 776 The Corporeal World is Distantly present, to the
Intelligible. 1797 Mrs. Ravcurre /falian xii, Ellena
followed distantly in the Abbess’s train.
b. Widely apart, at considerable distances.
1847 Harpy in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club Il. No. v. 239
iad; distantly and deeply punctured.
ec. In a way expressing distance or remoteness.
1873 Biack Pr. Thule xxvii. 454 Her eyes were looking
somewhat distantly at the sea. ;
2. fig. Remotely (in other relations) ; not closely ;
not intimately.
@1768 STERNE Let. iii. to Miss L—(R.\, 1... then most
distantly hint at a droll foible in his character, 1822 Byron
Werner i. i. 194 /den. Perhaps you are related to my rela-
tive .. ¥os. We are, but distantly. 1828 Wensster, Dis-
tantly..with reserve, 1848 C. Bronte ¥. Eyre xi, I am
distantly related to the Rochesters by the mother’s side.
Mod. He was distantly courteous.
Distantness. rare. [f. as prec. + -NESS.]
The quality of being distant.
173% Battey vol. II, Distantness, distance, a being distant
from, Mod, He showed some distantness of manner.
+ Dista’sk, v. Ods. rare. [Dis-7a.] trans,
To relieve of a task, to exonerate,
1592 WARNER 420, Eng. vu. xliii. (1612) 207 On these doo
vulgar Eares and Eyes so brimly waite and gaze, As they
distaske our priuate Penne notorious Landes to blaze.
+ Dista'stable, a. Obs. rare. [f. Distaste v,
+-ABLE.] Distasteful. Hence Dista‘stably adv.,
with distaste or disgust.
1607 S. Cottins Sermz. oe) 37 The broth which a strange
root hath made distastable. x625 tr. Boccaccio’s Decameron,
Modell Wit 4xb, Let him thinke that I can brooke those
words as distastably, as you do or can his ill deeds.
Distaste (distast), sd. Also 7 distast. [f.
Dis- 9 + Taste sé.: prob. as a rendering of It.
disgusto, OF. desgoust; see Florio and Cotgrave.]
1. Disrelish or dislike of food or drink ; nausea ;
bad taste in the mouth. Now rare or Obs.
1598 Fiorio, Sgusto, disgust, distast, vnkindnes, dislike.
1614 Be. Hatt Recoll, Treat. 1008 Moses was..in the same
distaste of bitternes. 1635 Bratuwait Arcad. Pr. 1. 200
Nor house, nor ground, nor any kind of wealth Can relish his
distaste that has nohealth. 1753 N. Torriano Gangr. Sore
Throat 28 [She] was seized. .in the Evening, with a Distaste;
she had a very uneasy and tumbling Night. 1849 C. Bronte
Shirley I. vi. 111 A positive crime might have been more
easily pardoned than a symptom of distaste for the foreign
comestibles,
2. Disinclination, dislike; (moderate) aversion,
disgust, or repugnance.
1598 F orto, [see sense 1]. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. t. i.
§ 3 (1873) 8 Make application of our knowledge, to give our-
selves repose and contentment, not distaste or repining.
@ 1628 F. Grevitte Sidney (1652) 58 To raise a general
distast in all men against the Government. a1652 J.Smitu
Set. Disc. i. 17 Besides in wicked men there are sometimes
distastes of vice. 1660 R. Coxe Power § Subj. 59 For there
is no native who is not in distaste with some body. 1726
Suetvocke Voy. round World (1757) 455 Which gave the
ships company, such a distaste of Clipperton, 1816 Keatince
Trav. (1817) I. 252 The Moors... have a distaste for the
proselytes when made. ax822z SHELLEY Assassins ii, Their
predilections and distastes. 1869 J. Martineau Ess. II. 5
An aversion more resembling a distaste than a conviction.
+3. Unpleasantness ; annoyance, discomfort. Ods.
1611 B. tonice Poetaster v. i, Our ear is now too much
profaned, grave Maro, With these distastes, to take thy
sacred lines. 1625 Bacon Ess., Adversity (Arb.) 505
Prosperity is not without many Feares and Distastes. 171%
STEELE Sect. No. 4 ® 2 There are so many Gratifications
attend this publick sort of Obscurity, that some little
Distastes I daily receive have lost their Anguish,
+4. Offence, cause of offence or dislike. Ods.
1608 D. ‘I, Ess. Pol. §& Mor. 21b, Court-Parasites .. do
labor upon the least distast that is offred, to procure an
utter dislike, 1698 J. Fryer dec, £. India §& P, 156 Ta
DISTASTED,
avoide giving distaste in not removing their Hats.
Stryre Ann, Ref I. xxv. 280 At which Bishop Cheny a 4
such distast. 1731 Rafe Helen 24 note, Achilles would not
go to battle for some distaste Agamemnon had given him.
+5. Mutual aversion, estrangement, difference,
quarrel. Ods.
16ar Sir W. Aston in Fortesc. Papers 152 The King and
his ministers have taken some distast. 1623 Bincuam
Xenophon 73 This was the only difference and distaste be-
twixt Cherisophus and Xenophon during this whole iourney.
1677 E. Situ in 12th Rep, Hist, MSS, Comm. App. v. :8
‘They say he murdered himselfe .. because of some distast
betwixt his master and him. 1697 Dampier Voy. I. 433
All civil and quiet..No noise, nor appearance of distaste.
Distaste (disté-st), v. Now rare. (Frequent
in 17thc.) Also 7 distast. [f. Dis- 6 + TasrE
v.: prob. orig. an English rendering of It. (dz) sgus-
tare, or OF. desgouster: see Florio and Cetgr. In
sense 5 used as f. Dis- 7a + TAsTE 50.]
+1. trans. To dislike the taste of, have no taste
for, disrelish (food, drink, etc.). Ods.
1586 Bricut Melanch, xxxvi. 214 The tongue distasteth
all things even of most pleasant relish. 1615 Laruam
Falconry (1633) 104 If you finde her any whit to distaste
the water, then put into it ..sugar-candie. 1641 Frencie
Distill. v. (1651) 144 It..may be given. .to any that distast
physick, in their milke. @166x Futter JWorthies (1840)
III. 433 Distasting wholesome meat well dressed.
2. To have or conceive a mental distaste for or
repugnance to (anything); to regard with aversion
or displeasure; to have no taste for, disrelish, dislike.
1592 Davirs Jmmort, Soul xxx. xxxv. (1714) 98 These do
by fits her Fantasie possess; But she distastes them all
within a while, 162x Burton Anat, A/ed.u. iv. 1. i. (1651)
363 The Romans distasted them so much that they were
often banished out of their city. 1733 Neat //ist. Purit,
II. 216 He was sorry that an established doctrine of the
Church should be so distasted. 1805 Foster “ss. iii. 93
{He} should distaste the society of his class, 1893 STEVENSON
Catriona 60 A man..whom I distasted at the first look, as
we distaste a ferret or an earwig.
+b. with 047. cl. or znfix. phr. Obs.
1596 Drayton Legends 11. 607 Who was so dull, that did
not then distaste, ‘That thus the King His Nobles should
neglect? x6az in L, Bacon Genesis of New Eng. Ch. (1874)
xvi. 350 That you sent no lading in the ship is..worthily
distasted. 1629 GauLe Pract, The. 161 How doe we
abhorre and distast, to think him opprobriously debased,
+3. To offend the taste of ; to disgust, nauseate.
1610 Heywoop Gold. Age 1. Wks. 1874 111. 22 This meat
distasts me, doth Lycaon.. feed vs with humane flesh?
1636 HAW Hore Succ, 21 Never refuse health because
the Physicke that should procure it is bitter; let it distast
me so it healeme. 1678 }ug. Man's Cadl. 155 Distempered
stomacks, that are easily distasted.
+b. adsol, or zntr. To offend the taste ; to cause
disgust. Ods.
1604 SHaks, O¢/, 11, iii. 327 Poysons, Which at the first
are scarce found to distaste, 1613-6 W. Browse Sri.
Past. u. iii, Then least his many cherries should distast,
Some other fruit he brings than he brought last. 1643
5 Fears K. Fames in Select. Hart, Misc. (1793) 310 Poisons,
that neither discolour nor distaste.
4. trans. To excite the dislike or aversion of;
to be distasteful to ; to displease, offend ; ass. to
be displeased or offended (zw7th, at).
1597-8 Bacon Ess., Suitors (Arb.) 44 Suters are so dis-
tasted with delaies, and abuses. 1638 Sir T. Herpert
Trav. (ed. 2) 100 Yet loth in any thing to distaste the King.
1666 Prerys Diary 24 Oct., ‘The Prince was distasted with
my discourse .. about the sad state of the fleet. 1702 Ap-
pison Dial. Medals ii. 35, | have sometimes however been
very much distasted at this way of writing. 1709 J. Joun-
son Clergynt. Vade M.u. p. xiii, The Apostle. .avoids the
saying any thing that might distaste the Corinthians. 1833
I. Taytor Faxat., vi. 192 No enormity can distaste or alarm
him. 1893 Pad/ Mal/G. 18 Jan. 1/2 Threats and demonstra-
tions so violent as to distaste the sympathies of many.
+b. absol. or zntr, To cause displeasure or
offence ; to be distasteful. Ods.
1614 SyLvestER Du Bartas, Bethulia’s Rescue 1.21 Great-
gracious Lady, let it not distaste That Ivdith made not..
more haste To kisse Your hands. ¢1618 FLetcHer Q.
Corinth 1. ii, 1654 WuitLock Zootomia Pref. A vij, If any
thing that’s good i’ th’ Book you see, Ascribe to God; but
what distasts, to mee.
+5. ¢rans. To destroy or spoil the taste or
savour of ; to render distasteful or tasteless. Ods.
1606 Suaks. Jr. § Cr. u. ii. 123 Her brainsicke raptures
Cannot distaste the goodnesse of a quarrell. 1617 Hieron
Wks. 11. 390 It is inough to sowre & to distaste the whole
lumpe of our deuotions. 1646 J. Hatt Poems Pref., Neither
am I solicitous how they savour..and these I give over as
already distasted. 1650 ‘Trapp Comm, Deuter. xxviii. 15
If it distaste not his dough, or empty his basket,
Hence Dista‘sting vd/. sd.
1sgt Sytvester Du Baritas 1. vii. 377 Fora light surfet,
or asmall dis-tasting. 1654 WHItTLocK Zootomia 280 Suffer
anything through. “Tisdiscretion, or unadvised Distastings.
Dista'sted, #7/. a. _[f. prec. + -ED1.]
1. Disrelished, disliked. +b. Deprived of taste,
tasteless, insipid (0és.).
a1661 Futter Worthies (1840) I. 362 To fight under so
distasted a commander. 1662 Perry 7axes 15 To be
spectators of these mistaken and distasted vanities.
2. Disgusted, offended; affected with nausea,
disgust, or dislike. :
1651 Fuller's Abel Rediv., Diazius 143 In the eare Of
the distasted Pope. 1655 Mouret & Bennet Health's
Improv. (1746) 254 Weak, windy, distasted Stomachs. 1723
Pore Let. to £. Blount 27 June, The Spleenful, Ambitious,
Diseas’d, Distasted..Souls which this World affords, .
DISTASTEFUL.
Distasteful (distai-stfil), @. [f. Distasre sd.]
1, Disagreeable to the taste; causing disgust ;
‘ ,
3611 Frorio, Disgustenole, distastefull. Disgustoso, full
of distaste, distastefull. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. ii. wv.
iii. (1651) = After a distasteful purge .. at the very sight
of-physick he would be distempered. 1690 Drypen on
Sebastian ut. i. (R.), Why shou'd you pluck the green dis-
tasteful fruit. H. ra Woop Therap. (1879) 491 The
h salts are exceedingly distasteful.
2. Causing dislike; disagreeable, unpleasant,
offensive.
1607 Drayton Leg, Cromwell (R.), For "twas distasteful
to my noble mind, That the vile world into my wants should
look. 1615 J. Srepnens Satyr. Ess. 240 He..isas willing to
embrace any, as not to bee distastfull unto any. 1669
Drypen 7yraunic Love w.i, None but a fool distasteful
truth will tell. 1782 Pennant Fourn. fr. Chester (R.), Free-
ing his country from so distasteful a minister. 1862 Lp.
Broucuam Brit. Const. xiii. 192 Persons distasteful to the
Commons. 1895 J. Amprose in Law Times XCIX. 546/1
His work must not be made distasteful to him seen too
much drudgery. 2 mee
+3. Full of dislike; showing dislike or aversion ;
malevolent. Ods.
1607 SHaks. 7710n u1. ii. 220 After distastefull lookes ..
With certaine halfe-caps, and cold mouing nods, They froze
me into Silence. 1639 ‘I’. Brucis tr. Camus’ Mor. Relat.
144 Every one ..soone growes distastfull of the prudent,
because that he cannot be surprized. 1646 Sir ‘IT’. Browne
Pseud, Ep. w. x. 204 The distastefull aversenesse of the
Christian from the Jew.
Distastefull , adv, [f. prec. +-Ly 2.]
1. In a distasteful manner, or to a distasteful de-
gree; disgustingly, offensively, unpleasantly.
163t Bratuwait Whimzies, Ruffian 84 They..in the end
grow distastefully rude to all the companie. a@ 1691 BoyLe
Hist. Air (1692) 166 The water .. would grow distastefully
hot. 1727 Baitey vol. II. pt. 1, Distastfully, disagree-
ablement t., offensive L.
+2. With dislike or displeasure. Ods.
1627 J. Rous Diary (Camden) 11 In generall to speake
distastfully of the voyage. 1638 Bakertr. Balzac’s Lett,
(1654) II. 16 Yet take not distastefully an officious injury.
Dista‘stefulness. [f. as prec. +-NESS.]
1. The quality of being distasteful; unpleasant-
ness to the taste or mind, offensiveness.
1654 W. MountacuE Devout Ess. . x. § 2(R.) The allay-
ing and qualifying much of the bitter and distastefulness of
our physick. 1654 WuITLocKk Zootomia 343 To leave the
Distastfulnesse of Comparison, 182r LockHart Valerius
III. xii. 296 There was something of distastefulness in the
mirthful strains. 1840 Mitt Diss. & Disc. (1859) I. 99
Speculation..has beep falling more and more into distaste-
fulness and disrepute among the educated classes.
+2. Dislike, aversion, repugnance. Oés.
a 1625 Eart Bristow Let. fo Fas. / in Cabala Supp. 121
(T.) Out of a distastefulness of the former answer given.
1642 Rocers Naaman 466 It is a distastfulnesse of heart.
+ Dista‘ster. Os. [f. Distaste v. + -ER!.]
a. One who distastes or dislikes; a disliker. b.
One who inspires with distaste or disgust.
a 1613 Oversury A Wife (1638) 183 A_Distaster of the
Time. 1623 N. Smitn Pref. Verse in Cockeram's Dict.,
Captious, yet wise seeming masters, Made by their curious
eye, their owne distasters.
Dista'sting, ///. a.
That distastes.
1. Feeling or showing distaste or dislike.
1654 WuitLock Zootomia 460 Slander, Backbiting, Detrac-
tion .. entertaine them with .. excusing Tongue, or distast-
ing Silence. 1821 Lamp £éia Ser. 1. Old & New Schoolm.,
Doomed to read tedious homilies to distasting schoolboys.
2. Causing distaste; displeasing, offensive.
1603 Harsnet Pop. Jmfpost. 53 For say anything distasting
to them..ye shall be sure to love the Devil put upon you
for your labour. 167 Fraven Fount Life ii. 4 If there be
something ravishing ..there is also something distasting.
+ Dista‘stive, a. (sd.) Obs. [f. as prec. +-IVE.]
1. Feeling or expressing distaste or dislike.
1611 Speen //ist, Gt, Brit, 1x. xv. § 10 (R.) Such fleering
pick-thanks, that blow them [my faults] stronger into your
unwilling and distastiue ear.
2. Disgusting, unpleasant, offensive.
1600 Newe Metamorphosis (Nares), Thus did they finishe
their distastive songe. 1611 Spee Hist, Gt. Brit. 1x. iii.
§ 8 A Niding, a word of such disgrace, and so distastiue vnto
the English. 1642 Sir E. Derina Sf. on Relig, x. 78 Some
endeavours of mine. .reported more distastive than before.
B. sb. Anything unpleasant or distasteful.
1654 WuitLock Zootomia 384 Pride..jealousie..or other
Distastives incident to that part of advise, called Reproofe.
+ Dista'sture. Ods. [f. as prec.+-URE] a.
Disgust or loathing of food; nausea, b. Displea-
sure, vexation.
x61r Sprep Hist. Gt. Brit. 1x. xv. § 46 His body wearied
with watching, distasture, and want of rest. /did. 1x. xxiii.
§ 32 (R.) This duke .. vpon this distasture impressed such
dolour of minde..he liued not long after.
|| Distater (doijsta-to1). [f. Di-2 + Srarer 2.]
An ancient Greek gold coin, of the value of two
staters,
1895 Daily News 9 May 3/3 A Thurium distater, with
[f. as prec. + -ING *.]
head of Pallas to the right.
‘ves, obs. pl. of DisTarr.
+ Diste'ctured, 7//. a. Obs. nonce-wd. [f..
ae a + TxctuRE.] Deprived of the roof; un-
roofed,
1632 Litucow 7'vav. vi. 352, I saw a distectured
house,
520 ~
f. Gr. &-,
(dirst?gos), @. rare.
‘ Having
Di-2 + oréy-7 a covering, roof +-ous.
two ridges’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883).
Distell, obs. Sc. form of Disti.
Distemonous (daistzmoénas), a. Bot. [f. Gr.
&-, Di-2 + ornpwry stamen + -ous.] Having two
stamens ; = DIANDROUS.
1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex,
Distemper (<diste-mpa:), v.1 Now rare. Also
4des-, 4-5 distempre, 4-6 dystemper. [f. med.
L. *distemperare, {. Dis- 4 + L. temperdre to pro-
portion or mingle properly, to regulate, temper.
The verb in this sense is not recorded in OF., nor given in
med. L, by Du Cange. But the latter has distemperdtus=
male temperdtus, and also the e verbal sbs. distem-
perantia, distemperdmentum; OF . hasdestempré, —
seitsrar dat Nata we
iperatus, derate, ve P
ranged (in health), disordered; It. has distemperare to alter
the natural temperament or temperature of, distemperato
altered in natural temp i perate, i dest, ex-
cessive; Sp. has destemplar to alter, disconcert, untune,
refi. to be ih with a fever.) E
+1. trans. To temper improperly by undue mix-
ture of elements; to disturb or derange the due
proportion of (elements, humours, etc.).
1340 Ayenb. 153 To pe bodye of man comep alle eueles uor
pe destempringe of pise uour qualites, oper of bise uour
humours. ¢1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7.?752 The fourthe is when,
thurgh the grete habundance of his mete, the humours in his
body bese destempred. a 7
+ 2. To disturb or derange the condition of the air,
elements, weather, climate, etc. (chiefly in Passive).
1387 Trevisa Higden vu. iv. (Rolls) VII. 311 Pat 3ere in
Engelond was greet deep of beestes and distemperynge of be
ayer by pe whiche meny men deide [//a7/7. intemperance of
the aier]. 1490-1612 [see DistemrereD 1]. 1649 . DANIEL
Trinarch., Hen. 1V, v, "Tis in mee now doubly Distem-
pered; A Stormy Day and an vnquiet Age.
3. From the notion that attributed the ‘ humour’
or ‘temper’ to the preponderance of one or other
of the bodily humours :
To disturb or disorder the humour, temper, or
feelings of; to put out of humour or temper; to
render ill-humoured or ill at ease; to trouble, vex,
‘upset’. 7eff.and fass. To be or become disturbed
in mind; to ‘put oneself out’. (Now rare or Ods.,
exc. as fig. from 4.)
€ 1386 Cuaucer Melib, » 270, I biseke yow..that ye wol
nat..distempre youre herte, thogh I speke thyng that yow
displese. 1386 — Sompn. T. 487 Sire ..distempre yow
noght..For goddes loue, youre pacience ye holde. _
J. Bett Answ. Osor. 28 b, Your excessive pride hath dis-
tempered and broken the gall of my patience. 1602 Suaks.
Ham, i. ii. 312. 1603 Riaonr Pop. Impost. ad None
but Children and fooles are distempered with Nicknames
and Taunts. 1633 Be. Haut Hard Jexts, N. 7. 312 Vainely
distempering himselfe about idle and frivolous questions.
1670 Each arp Cont. Clergy 122 And what though churches
stand at a little further distance? People may please to walk
a mile without distempering themselves. 1813 CoLErinGE
Remorse 1. ii, Strange, that this Monviedro Should have the
power so to distemper me !
4. Also, from the notion that diseases proceeded
from a disturbance of the due proportion of the
four humours :
To disorder or derange the physical or bodily
condition of; to render unhealthy or diseased ; to
affect with a distemper; to sicken.
¢1380 Wycur Se/. Wks. 111. 157 Sum mon to lustfuly
eetis or drinkes, and pat distemperes a mon in y and in
soule. ¢1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 31 He hab noon opir
sijknesse wip him ne is nou3t distemperid. ¢1420 Padlad.
on Hush. 1. 273 They beth somer hoote and wyntir colde,
‘That vyne, ey grayne, and tre distempur wolde [nocent],
1530 PAtsGr. 522/1 This hote wether hath distempred him,
I feare me he shall have an ague. 1597 Suaks. 2 //en. 1V,
ut. i. 41 It is but as a Body, yet distemper'd, Which to his
former strength may be restor'd, With good aduice, and
little Medicine. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn, u, x. § 2. 39 This
variable composition of mans bodie hath made it as an In-
strument easie to distemper. 1644 Quar.es Barnabas § B.
238 If every bogs sickness distempers my body. 1769 De
Poe's Tour Gt, Brit, 11. 128 If any .. are merge they
are immediately put under proper Methods of Cure. 1833
Cuatmers Const. Man (183) 1. li. 129 They would distemper
the whole man. z = :
b. To derange or disorder in brain or mind ; to
render in’ane,
¢1380 [see a]. 158 Pettir Guasso’s Civ. Conv. (1586) 4
To ps y* youre braine is distempered. | 16xx Tourneur
Ath, Trag. v. ii, Griefe for his chil ’s death di Pp
him, 1658 Whole Duty Man viii. § 1. 68 If it be in danger
to distemper our reason. a1703 Burkitt On N. 7., Mark
y. 20 They have power to distemper their minds. 1865
Lecxy Ration. (1878) I, 27 Their imaginations, distem-
pered by self-inflicted sufferings.
+e. spec. To intoxicate ; ref, to get drunk. Ods.
1491 Let. in R. Davies York Rec, (1843) 224 We ayeenee
he was distemperide awther with aill or wyn, |, ALSGR.
p22/t Distemper the nat with to moche drinke, for a dron-
en man is but abeest. 1568 ‘I, Nortn tr. Gueuara’s Diall
Pr. w. vii. 126 b, Wyne tempered with water, bringeth two
commodityes. .hee shall not dystemper him self [etc. ].
Penn Addr. Prot. 1. 9 When the very Tasting of the sev
sorts of Wine..is enough to di T H
5. transf. and fig.
per a p .
. To disorder or mar the con-
dition of ; to derange, confuse, put out of joint.
1494 Fasyan Chron. vu. 392 Contynuell rayne, whiche dis-
temperyd the grounde in suche wyse that, the yere folow-
ynge, whete was solde for xviii, d, a bushell, 1577 B. Gooce
- Suaxs, Ham. 1m. ii. eo m
P.
can
DISTEMPER,.
Heresbach's Husb. w. (1 180 b, [Honey] distempered
i ag ple tay meg pening ag Ey ame
so Longe pater 1601 ——, bine #4 u. i. 5 The malig-
nancie t rs. 1650
Furie Pigek weil th gh barren he aisha, sud
distem) with sterility, yet it [Desert of Paran] had some
fertile intervalls. 1667 Mitton P. Z. xt. 56 Sin, that first
en all things. 1879 [see Distemrerep AA/. ay
+6. To deprive (a metal) of ‘temper’. Obs.
rare. gnee®. watoy 28 (594 Dict. Acad.).]
r 'EARSON in- Phil. Trans. XV. 343 Wootz is not
at all malleable when cold. .. It can be t ang dis-
tempered, but not to a considerable extent
Hence Diste-mpering v#/. sb. and ffi. a.
LR of sanpct aad discéactog Stendhal: eters
a! * em raughtes.
aren CONE Hist. Eng. (1626) a res numbers growing
so great, as bred many .. a i betweene the nations.
1855 Lyncn Xivudet xxvu. i, To rid me of distempering
Diste-mper, v.2 [ad. OF . destemprer, -tremper
to dissolve in liquid, soak, mix=It. déstemperare
in same sense, med.L. distemperare to soak, macer-
ate (Du Cange), f. Dis- 1 or 5 + L. temperare
to mingle in due proportion, — temper.
This is the ordinary sense in which distemperdre is found
in med.L. and French; cf. Distemper v.1. But It. distem-
perare, Sp. distemplar have senses corresponding to both
our verbs.]
+1. trans. To treat with water or some other
liquid; to mix with a liquid, so as to dissolve
wholly or partly ; to dilute, infuse; to soak, steep.
¢1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg, 66 Make poudre & distempere
with pe white of an ey as picke as hony. _/did 185 Distém-
re hem with vinegre & anoynte herwip. ‘: Puaer
Regim. Lyfe (1553) D vij a, Take an ounce of cassia, an houre
before dyner .. distempered with a ptisane. 1607 TorseLt
Four, Beasts (1658) Sy ated the Horse thereof every morn-
ing..the quantity of a Hasel-nut distempered in a quart of
Wine. /did. 329 Distemper it with the milk of a Cow. 1667
Petty in S Hist. R. Soc. 286 (T.) Colouring of paper,
viz. marbled paper, by distempering the colours with ox-gall,
and applying them upon a stiff gummed liquor,
2. transf. and fig. To dilute; to mix with some-
thing so as to weaken or impair; to allay. Ods, or
arch. (Often run together with senses 4, 5 of Dis-
TEMPER v.1; see quot. 1598.)
1592 Suaks. Ven. 4 Ad. 653 Jealousy. .Distempering gentle
Love in his desire, As air and water do abate the fire.
Yonc Diana 366 At the first loue seldome affoords one little
pleasure without distempering it in the end with sorrowe
and care. Mi.ton Soveraigne Salve 5 Monarchy
duely tempered 1s the best, but so 4 tyranny the
worst. 1868 HawrHorne Our Old Home, Pilgr. to Old
Boston (1879) 158 The May sunshine was mingled with water,
as it were, and distempered with a very bitter east-wind.
3. Painting. To paint or colour in distemper.
See DisTeMPER 56.2
1873 Brewer Dict. Phr. & Fab. (ed. 3) 230 s.v. Distemper,
Applied to painting, the word is from. . the French détremper
(to soak in water), because the paints are mixed with water
instead of oil, 1876 R. & A. Garrett House Decorat, (1879)
43 Distempering or —~ the wall above a shade lighter,
1881 Younc Every man his own Mechanic § 1 The
difference between painting in oils and distempering is just
this, that in the former the colouring matter is nd with
oil and turpentine while in the latter it is mixed with size.
Distemper (<iste-mpaz), 54.1 Also 7 des-.
[f. Distemper v.1; partly after Temper sé]
+1. ‘A disproportionate mixture of parts; want of
a due temper of ingredients’ ; ‘want of due balance
between contraries ’ (J.); distempered or disordered
condition. Ods,
1607-12 Bacon Ess., Empire (Arb.) 298 A true temper of
governement is a rare thing; For both Temper and Dis.
p i yes. 16r2 Woopau. Surg. Mate
Wks. (1653) 207 A small distemper in the Animal salt of man
is able to kill the strongest man, Digsy Nat, Bodies
1. xxviii. (1645) 408 ‘Their distemper from what they should
be maketh the i
Pp pug to their
+ 2. A disordered or distempered condition of the
air, climate, weather, etc. ; inclemency. Ods.
1614 Rateicn Hist, World 1. iii. §8. 27a, It was..a
reasonable conjecture that those countreys . . nal enem
it (the A®quinoctial] were of a distemper ‘uninhabitable,
p>. Hema Md Harthb in Ref. Commonw, Bees 15 Ex
tot vermin, and distempers of weather. 1660 Smar-
rock Vegetables 86 The impediments which with us hinder
the husbandmen .. are either the distempers of the erm
itself, or some evi id E Eng. Traits,
Land Wks. (Bohn) II. 17 The London fog aggra’
distem the sky.
3, Derangement or disturbance of the ‘ humour’
or ‘ ’ (according to medisyal physiology
Soleil as due to disturbance in the Yodily ‘hu-
mours’; cf, TEMPER, TEMPERAMENT) ; a being out
of humour; ill humour, ill temper; uneasiness;
disaffection. (Now usually associated with sense 4;
in quot. 1850 with allusion to metallic ‘temper’
—— Serm. § Rem. (1845) 319 I check
lest I aim at curing your distemper I stir up
— for.. you are. .more wrathful a fs
. Harr Medit. § Votes 1 §83 z
of a lowly stomak, swallow and digest ithe
out an diste mper. by poe Naaman 27% Although
thou Idest .. dare Lord with thy and
1602
of
:
i
DISTEMPER.
1823 W. Taytor in Meashiy Mag. LVI. 126 Let us talk of
these things over a glass of nectar, without distemper and
without prejudice. 1850 Biackie schylus 1, 30 Like evil
brass, His lop distemper he shall show By dints of trial.
4. Deranged or disordered condition of the body
or mind (formerly regarded as due to disordered
state of the humours) ; ill health, illness, disease.
1598 Suaxs. Merry I. w. ii. 28 Any madnesse .. seem'd
but tamenesse, ciuility, and patience, to this his distemper
he is in now. 1602 — //avz. 1. ii. 55 Your sonnes distemper.
1608 Pr. or Watss in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. IIT. 93, Lam
glad to have heard of your Maes recovery, before I under-
stood of your distemper by the heat of the weather.
1695 Howe in H. Rogers Life x. (1863) 289, I was con-
fined by distemper to my bed. a = hs Sourtn (J.), It argues
sickness and distemper in the mind, as well as in the body,
when a man is continually turning and tossing. 178
Cowrer Exfost. 153 They saw distemper healed, and life
restored, In answer to the fiat of his word. 1873 BrowNinG
Red Cott, Nt.-cap 278 Eccentricity Nowise amounting to
distemper. : ;
b. with a and /, A disorder, a disease, an ail-
ment (of body or mind).
1648 Boye Seraph, Love Ep. Ded. (1660) 3 My sight .. is
still so impair’d by a distemper in my eyes. 1659 STANLEY
Hist. Philos. W11. mm. 18 All distempers of the mind, are, as
I conceive, high madnesse. 1710 STEELE 7atler No. 103
P11 He was extremely afflicted with the Gout, and set his
Foot upon the Ground with the Caution and Dignity which
pany that Di per. 1756 NuGentG». Tour III. 104
The mineral waters of this place are famous for curing many
distempers. 1769 Ropertson Chas. V, ILI. x1. 274 A con-
tagious distemper raged among his troops, 1856 R. A.
VauGuan Mystics (1860) II. 131 The cloister breeds a family
of mental distempers, elsewhere unheard of. 1860 EmMErson
Cond. Life, Behaviour Wks. (Bohn) II. 392 There is one
topic peremptorily forbidden to all well-bred .. mortals,
namely their distempers,
c. apd A disease of dogs, characterized by
catarrh, cough, and loss of strength. Also applied
to various other diseases of animals.
1747 Gent?. Mag. 686 Dr. Barker's Method of treating the
Distemper among Cows, 1781 P. Beckrorp Hunting (1802)
64 The distemper makes dreadful havock with whelps at
their walks. 1816 Towne Farmer §& Grazier's Guide 28
What is commonly denominated ‘The Distemper’ in Horses,
proves generally to be a Catarrh, 1823 Scott Let, to Aliss
Edgeworth 22 Sept. in Lockhart, That fatal disorder proper
to the canine race called par excellence, the distemper. 1887
Times 1 Feb. 9/6 Swine fever..being known in different
parts of Great Britain by the names of pig typhoid, pig
distemper [etc.].
+d. Intoxication. Ods.
1599 Suaks. //en. V, 11. ii. 54 If little faults, proceeding on
distemper, Shall not be wink’d at. 1607 Drewll’s Arraign.
in Hart, Misc. (Malh.) II]. 55 Such plenty of wine as to
cause distemper, 1650 Futter Pisgah u. xiii. 279 Drunk-
ards. .in the fits of their distemper.
5. transf. and fig. Derangement, disturbance, or
disorder (sf. in a state or body politic), (Now
always with allusion to sense 4.)
1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. iv. § 3 (1873) 30 Here ., is the
first distemper of learning, when men andy words and not
matter, 1647 Litty Chr. Astrol. lxxxiii. 448 In these sad
times of our Civill Distempers. 1681 Nevite Plato Rediz.
title-p,, An Endeavour is used to discover the present Politick
Distemper of our own[Kingdom]. 1777 Burke Let. Affairs
Amer, Wks, III, 149 All struggle rather inflamed than
lessened the distemper of the publick councils. 1849
Macautay Hist, Eng. 11. 404 The distempers of the state
were such as required an extraordinary remedy.
Distemper, 50.2 Painting. [f. DisteMPER
v4, after 16th c. F. destrempe, mod.F. détrempe in
same sense, f. des-, détremper: see DISTEMPER v. 2.]
1. A method of painting, in which the colours are
mixed with some glutinous substance soluble in
water, as yolk of egg mixed with water, etc., exe-
cuted usually upon a ground of chalk or plaster
mixed with gum (distemper-ground) : mostly used
in scene-painting, and in the internal decoration of
walls, Chiefly in such phrases as ‘ painting’ or
*to paint in distemper’ (It. pimgere a tempera).
1632 Peacuam Compi, Gent. xiii. (2634) 141 He wrought in
distemper (as we call it) or wet with size, sixe histories of
tient Job, wherein are many excellent figures. 1658
HILLIPS S.v., Painting in Distemper, or size .. hath been
ancientlier in use than that which is in oiled colours. 1666
Pepys Diary (1879) VI. 4 There saw my picture of Green-
wich finished to my very great content, though this manner
of Meerany do make the figures not so pleasing as in oyle.
By x H.Wacpore Vertue’s Anecd, Paint. (1786) 1. 44 The:
. glued a linnen cloth upon the wall, and covered that wit!
plaister, on which they painted in distemper. 1773 Gent/.
Mag. XLIII, 216 Nor is there any strength in the shadows
of the drapery, a defect that usually attends painting in
fresco and distemper. 1837 Penny Cycl. 1X. 22/2 a Bos
an inferior kind of colouring used Se both internal and ex-
ternal walls: .instead of oil colour, being a cheap substitute.
«. Scene es is executed in distemper, 1850 Mrs.
Jameson Leg. Monast. Ord. (1863) 108 A small picture in
distemper on panel. 1859 Guttick & Tims Paint, 75 Oil-
pictures are frequently d y in pera, or, as it
is now called, distemper—in other words, water-colours.
2. Also applied to the pigment prepared for this
ages and to the ground on which it is executed.
n House-painting, whiting mixed with size and
water, with which ‘ceilings are generally done;
plastered walls, when not painted or papered, are
also so covered’ (Gwilt).
ny. Rage 1]. 1839 W. B.S. Taytor tr. Mérimée's Painting
in Oil & Fresco v. 220 The time required for priming, ma
be sneened it making the first and second couches with
OL, .
- xlv. 18 To lufe in sic distemperance.
521
distemper .. let the last couch be merely oil, which has be-
come viscous by exposure to the air; this will pene‘rate the
distemper, and render it quite pliant. 1879 Cassed/'s Techn,
Educ, Ww. 229/t note, Cobalt, raw umber, and white make a
magnificent grey, both in oil-colours and in distemper
(powder-colours mixed with size),
3. attrib. and Comb., as distemper-brush, -colour,
-painting, -ptece; distemper-ground: see I above.
1837 Penny Cycl, 1X. 22/2 Paper stainers employ distemper
colour in printing and staining papers for walls. 1839
W. B.S. Taytor tr. Mérimée’s Painting in Oil & Fresco
v. 218 In the commencement of the art the canvasses were
laa like the eas oge with distemper grounds, 1841
. Spacoine Jtaly § Jt. Isl, Il. 242 Frescoes on the
walls or distemper-pieces on the fixed altars. 1874 R. St.
Joun Tyrwuitt Sketch. Club 26 You pass out of pure water-
painting into distemper-painting,
+Distermperance. 0s. [a. OF. destem-
prance, -trempance intemperance (13th c. in Godef.)
=med.L. distemperantia (Du Cange), f. dis-, D1s-
4+L. temperantia TEMPERANCE. }
. gen. Improper proportioning or mingling (of
elements).
ne Ayend. 153 Ase to be bodye of man comep alle eueles
-uor be destempringe of pise uour qualites ober of pise uour
humours: alzuo of pe herte of pe manne comep alle be uices
and alle pe zennes be be distemperance of pise peawes.
2. Of the air, climate, weather: Intemperateness,
inclemency ; = DISTEMPERATURE I.
¢1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 11. pr. xi. 97-8 Pat pe vttereste bark
[of trees] is put ayenis the destempraunce of pe heuene, as
adefendowr. ¢1430 Li/e St, Kath, (1884) 60 Tempest and
alle distemperance of weder. 1494 Fanyan Chron. vil. 336
And this yere fell great dystemperaunce of wethyr. 1558
Asp, Parker Corr, (1852) 52, I would wish ye were not much
stirring abroad in the distemperance of the air. 1579 FENTON
Guicciard, 1x. (1599) 382 It was hard for him to remaine
there, both for the want of victuals, and distemperance of
the time, winter approching. :
3. Disturbance of ‘humour’, temper, or mind ;
= DIsTEMPER sé.1 3.
1574 Hettowes Gueuara's Fam. Ep. 161 For any distem-
peraunce that may greeue you, or maye happen to anger
you. 1602 Daniet Musophilus cii, If..this nice wit, or that
distemperance, Neglect, distaste, uncomprehend, disdain,
4. Distempered condition (of the ‘humours’,
etc.) ; bodily or mental disorder, ailment.
1529 More Com/, agst. Trib. 1. Wks. 1196/2 The dystem-
perance of either other, engendreth some tyme the distem-
perance of both twayne [soul and body]. 1573 Asp. PARKER
in Ellis Orig. Lett, Ser. 1. II. 268 My oft distemperance and
infirmitie of bodye. 1576 Newton Lemmie's Complex. (1633)
128 When moisture is all wasted, a man falleth into a cold
and dry distemperance, and finally thereby brought to his
death, 1620 VENNER Via Recta vii. 114 Stomacks. .subiect
to vomiting through the distemperance of choler.
5. Lack or absence of moderation; excess, in-
temperateness; sec. excess in drinking or other
indulgence, intemperance.
¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth, iv. pr. ii. 116 Certis so dob distem-
peraunce to feble men, bat ne mowen nat wrastle a3eins be
vices, Trevisa Barth. De P. R. v. xxviii. (1495) 139
The hondes ben drye by distemperaunce of heete and ex-
cesse that wastyth the moysture. 1500-20 Dunsar Poems
1547 BoorpeE Lev,
Health u. 26 Allis thorowe distemperaunce of the bodye vsed
the day before. 1576 Newton Lemuie’s Complex. (1633) 178
Superfluity and distemperance of drinke, 1589 CoGaNn
Haven Health cii. (1636) 100 The stomack is weake by dis-
temperance of heat.
Diste‘mperate, ¢. Os. or arch. [ad. med.
_L. distemperat-us not properly proportioned, min-
gled, regulated, or ordered, immoderate, excessive
(said of the weather, the bodily humours, etc.), f.
Dis- 4+. ¢emperdatus tempered, proportioned, re-
gulated, temperate, pa. pple. of semperdre to
‘TEMPER. ] :
+1. Of the air or elements: Not temperate, not
so tempered or regulated as to be conducive to
health and comfort; excessive in some respect ;
inclement, stormy, unwholesome. Oés.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. v. \xii. (1495) 179 Flesshe
moost defendyth the rydge fro dystemperat ayre. 1594
Carew Huarte’s Exam. Wits xv. (1596) 264 Any temperat
or distemperat region. 1647 FULLER Good Th. in Worse 7.
(1841) 90, I have endeavoured in these distemperate times to
hold up my spirits, and to steer them steadily ., Now, alas!
the storm grows too sturdy for the pilot.
+2. Of the bodily ‘humours’: Not properly
tempered ; disordered through excess or deficiency
of some constituent; hence, of bodily or mental
condition, etc., disordered, out of order; diseased,
out of health; ill-conditioned. Ods.
1548 Recorpe Uvin, Physick viii. 35 There remaineth yet —
somewhat of that distemperate trouble in the blood. 1604
J..Burces in W, Covell Briefe Answ, (1606) 13 The Con-
science soyled, is like a bf ga cng Locke, that no Key
will open. 1614 Jackson Creed m1. xxiv. § 4. 238 When they
could not answere his reasons .. though mast offensiue to
their distemperate humor. 1623 WoproEPHE Marrow Fr.
Tongue 295 (1.) Thou hast ped rain distemperate, and out
ofrule. 1658 Whole Duty Man xvi. § 17. 133 Is it possible
there can be (even to the most distemperate palate) any
such sweetness in it.
3. Passing the bounds of moderation; immo-
derate, excessive ; inordinate, intemperate ; = Dis-
TEMPERED 5. Ods. or arch,
1557 Tottell’s Misc. (Ab) 230 When I amid mine ease did
fall to such distemperate fits. 1587 Harrison England u.
vi. (1877) 1, 142 In over much and distemperate gormandize.
DISTEMPERED.
1598-9 E. Forpe Parismus 1. (1661) 118 How can this dis-
temperate sorrow procure your lost Friend? 1614 RALEIGH
Hist, World 1. (1634) 38 Against it Thomas Aquinas ob-
jecteth the distemperate heat. 1634 T. Jounson Parey’s
Chirurg. xxi. iv. (1678) 492 Humors putrefie either from
fulness .. or by distemperate excess. 1847 BusuneLi Chr.
Nurt, us, ili, (1861) 276 A distempered or distemperate life.
+ Diste‘mperate, v. Ods. rare. [f. ppl. stem
of med.L. distemperare; see DISTEMPERYV.'] trans.
To affect with distemper ; to disorder, disease.
1547 Boorpve Brev. [Health \xxiii. 25 b, It doth signifye
that the lunges be out of order, and dystemperated. 1607
Topsetn Four. Beasts (1658) 440 An extream .. inflamma-
tion and burning through a'l the parts of the body, which
doth greatly distemperate and vex the same.
+ Diste‘mperately, adv. Obs. [f. Distem-
PERATE @, + -LY 2, (In 5 also disatem-, f. ATTEM-
PERATELY).] Ina distemperate manner : immoder-
ately, intemperately, excessively.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xix. lii. (1495) 893 Hete
and coldnesse passyth not dystemperatly the fyrste gree.
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 275/1 He wold not forbede them
that wold edyffye yf that he sawe them not doo it dysatem-
peratly. 1607 WaALKINGTON Oft. Glass 49 Distemperatly
hote. 1653 A. Witson Yas. /, 117 Not distemperately
importuning them with Conjurations.
Distemperature (distempéritittz). Now
rare and arch. [f. med. L. type *d/stemperatira
(= OF. destempreure): cf. DIsTEMPERATE and
TEMPERATURE.] Distemperate or distempered con-
dition.
1. A condition of the air or elements not properly
tempered for human health and comfort ; evil, de-
ranged, or extreme ‘temperature’ (in the earlier
sense of this word, including all atmospheric states) ;
inclemency, unwholesomeness.
1531 Etyor Gow, 11. xxvi, The temperature or distempera-
ture of the regions. 1584 PEELE Arvatynm. Paris v, Woods
Where neither storm nor suns distemperature Have power
to hurt by cruel heat or cold. 1638 Raw ey tr. Bacon's
Life & Death (1650) 11 Surely their cloathing is excellent
good against the distemperatures of the weather. 1665 Sir
‘T. Herpert 7rav. (1677) 43 This distemperature by storms
of Wind and Rain turns Summer into Winter. 1677 Hate
Prim. Orig. Man, i. ix. 214 The same distemperature of
the Air that occasioned the Plague, occasioned also the
infertility or noxiousness of the Soil. 1860 TrencH Sern.
Westm, Abb, v. 49 Henceforth..exposed to the sharp and
wintry blasts and all those distemperatures of the air.
2. Disordered or distempered condition of the
‘humours’, or of the body; disorder, ailment.
1533 Eryot Cast. Helthe 1. il. (1541) 3 To knowe the dis-
temperature these sygnes folowyng wold be consydered.
1582 Hester Secr. PAtorav. 1. i. 1 Sicknesse or infirmitie
is no other thyng then a distemperature of humours in the
bodies of Creatures. 1590 Suaks. Com, Err. v. i. 82 At her
heeles a huge infectious troope Of pale distemperatures.
162x Burton Anat. Mel. 1. ii. v. ili, This adventitious
melancholy .. is caused by a hot and dry distemperature.
1685 J. Scott Chr. Life (1699) V. 458 A distemperature of the
brain, and blood and spirits. 1753 CHamBrrs Cycl, Supp.
s.v., Suckers are another Distemperature of trees arising
from the tree itself. 1863 Lp. Lytron Ring Amas?s Il. 14
The effects of watching and the distemperature of an over-
laboured brain.
3. Disturbance of mind or temper.
1571 Gotpinc Calvin on Ps. To Rar. 9, I wote not what
distemperature had kindled upa sorte of leawd loyterers
ageinst mee. 1592 SHaks. Rom. §& Ful. u. iii. 4o Thou art
vprous’d with some distemprature. 1633 Marmion /‘ine
Companion iw. vi, Spr. I hear she is run mad. Ax. Is,
and the cause of her distemperature Is the reproach you
oh upon her honour. 1741 Warpurton Div. Legat. 11. 548
hat I uttered through the distemperature of my passion.
1823 Scorr Quentin D, xxxvii, Durward .. found the latter
in astate of choleric distemperature. 1850 Browninc Laster
Day xxxiii, 8 A mere dream and distemperature,
transf. and fig. Derangement, disturbance,
disorder (of society, the state, etc.). arch. or Obs.
1593 Drayton clog. vu. 103 Since the Worlds distem-
p’rature is such, 1613-18 DanieL Coll. Hist. Eng. (1626)
154 The distemprature of the time was such, as no sword
could cure it. 1615 J. STEPHENS Satyr. Ess. 147 A curious
clocke; which by the distemperature of one wheele, growes
distempered in every one, 1711 Suarresp. Charac. v. iii.
(1737) III. 321 In the present Distemperatures.. Partys are
no good Registers of the Actions of the adverse Side.
5. Immoderateness, excess (esp. of heat or cold;
cf. 1); excess in drinking or other indulgence, in-
temperateness, intemperance.
1572 J. Jones Bathes Buckstone 3b, Nothing .. better
.. laketh away distemperature of heate .. then a dulce or
leasunt Bathe. 1605 Bloudy Bk. C, It shamed him not
Pitter his distemperatures abroade) to bring queanes home
with him. 1630. Yohnson's Kingd. & Commw. 195 Princes
. -following ill counsell and youthfull distemperature. 1875
Lowett Old Elm Poet. Wks. 1890 IV. 82 The track it left
seems less of fire than light, Cold bak to such as love distem-
perature, ;
Distempered (diste-mpoid), #f/.a.1_- [f. Dis-
TEMPER V.1 +-ED ; perh. immed. after OF. destem-
pré immoderate, excessive, deranged, or med.L,
distemperatus DISTEMPERATE. ]
+1. Of the weather, air, etc.: Not temperate;
inclement; =DISTEMPERATE @. I. Oés.
1490 Caxton Exeydos xii. 46 Considerynge the wynter
that is alle dystempred. Compl, Scot. vi. 37 Situat
maist cqmodiusly fra distemprit ayr ande corruppit infec-
tione, 1594 Carew Huarte's Exam. Wits xiv. (1596) 241
They inhabit places distempered, where men become .. ill
conditioned. 1612 Drayton Poly-old. i. 4 Muse, leaue the
wayward Mount to his distempred heate. ‘:
: 66
DISTEMPERED.
+2. Of the bodily humours: = DisteMPERATE 2.
Hence, disturbed in humour, temper, or feelings ;
out of humour, vexed, troubled. Ods.
1595 Suaxs. Yokn wv. iii. 21 Once more to-day well met,
distemper’d Lords. x Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 212
His hastie distempered humour would breed great troubles
in the State. Bratuwatt Arcad. Pr. uu. 136 The
happy F of his di pered h
Mitton P. Z. 1x. 1131 From thus distemperd brest..Adam
..Speech intermitted thus to Eve renewd. 1762 Cuurcnitt
Ghost w, Why should the distemper’d Scold Attempt to
blacken Men? s
8. Disordered, diseased, affected with a distem-
per. a. physically.
1440 Generydes (E. E. T. S.) 766 So sodenly .. All dis-
temperyd and out of colour clene. c 1600 SHaxs. Sonn.
cliii, I, sick withal .. thither hied, a sad distemper’d guest,
But found no cure. 1688 Boyie Final Causes Mat. Things,
Vitiated Sight 271 When .. reading, she was fain to shut
the distempered eye, and imploy only the other. 1718 J.
Cuampertayne Relig. Philos. (1730) I. iv. § 2 Sick and dis-
tempered People. 1784 Cowrer /ask m1. 415 What is weak, |
Distempered, or has lost prolific powers, Impaired by age.
1825 Waterton Wand. S.A mer.u. iii. 192 The insects which
have already formed a lodgement in the distempered
t
b. Mentally disordered, insane. Of persons (ods.
or arch) ; their brain, mind, fancy, feelings, actions,
etc.
1594 Hooker Eccl. Pol. u.v §7S hes vttered in heat
of distempered affection. 1633 G. Herpert Temple,
Familie v, Griefs without a noise .. speak .. louder, then
distemper'd fears. 1651 Hosses Leviath. mt. xxxiv. 208 ‘Jo
a Distempered brain.
temperd, discontented thoughts. 1692 Lutrreett Brief Rel.
(1857) II. 638 One Thomas, a distempered man.. was
ordered to be sent to Bedlam for a madman.
1 Mitton P. L. tv. 807 Dis- |
1718 /ree- |
thinker No. 82 ® g The Lives of most Men are but dis- |
tempered Dreams. 1 Swirt Further Acc. E. Curll
Wks. 1755 III. 1. 161 His books, which his distempered
imagination represented to him as alive. 1805 Woxpsw.
Waggoner w. 82 As if the Warbler .. Upbraided his dis-
tempered folly. 1810 Crasse Borough xxii, There they
seized him—a distemper'd man. 1851 Ruskin Stones Ven.
(1874) I. xxv. 285 The visions of a distempered fancy. 1857
H. Reep Lect. Eng. Poets 11. xiv. 166 The darkened and
distempered genius of Byron.
4. transf. and fig. Disordered, deranged, dis-
tracted, out of joint.
160s Suaxs. Macé. v. ii. 15 He cannot buckle his dis-
temper'd cause Within the belt of Rule. a1628 Preston
Serm. bef. his Majestie (1630) 18 We are wont to lay aside
cracked vessels, and distempered watches as unusefull.
1649 Br. Reynotps Hosea Ep. 2 The.. difficulties under
which this distempered Kingdom is now groaning. 1722
Wottaston Relig. Nat. i.
temperd world. 1879 Q. Kev. Apr. 414 Those distempered
times.
+5. Immoderate, inordinate, intemperate ; = D1s-
TEMPERATE 3. Ods.
1586 J. Hooker Giradd. Irel. in Holinshed II, 152/2 Verie
temperat and modest, seldome or neuer in anie distempered
or extraordinarie choler. 1644 Laup Wes, (1854) 1V. 121
He must answer for his own distempered language. 1665
Sir T. Hersert 7rav. (1677) go [He] died through dis-
tempered drinking.
+6. Of metal: Deprived of ‘temper’. Ods. rare.
1796 Pearson in Phil. Trans. LXXXVI. 446 Common
annealed, or distempered steel.
Hence Diste‘mperedly adv.; Diste‘mpered-
ness.
1639 W. Wuatecey Prototypes 11, xxxiv. (1640) 181 We
must pray to God for such a measure of wisedome and
patience, that crosses may not work so distemperedly upon
us. St. Trials, ¥. Lilburne (R.\, The distempered-
ness and invenomedness of spirit which is within you. 1832
J. Witson in Blackw. Mag. XXXI. 257 Nature. .will not
suffer such eyes to look distemperedly on her works.
t Diste‘mpered, 7//.2.2 Otis. [f. Distempzr
Py
1; Diluted ; weakened or impaired by dilution.
(In quot. 1621 are = Badly mixed ortempered. More or
less influenced by Disremreren i. a.)
1621-31 Laup Sev. Serm. (1847) 72 If it be laid with ‘un-
pered’, or ‘di pered morter’, all will be naught.
1638 Sir T. Hexserr 7rav. (ed. 2) 330 The Clove .. in the
morne cal ey greene, in the meridian a distempered red.
174 Lond. & Country Brew. u. (ed. 2) 106 Great Quantities
em » Ales, and other
2. — in distemper.
Dublin Mi . 1/3 Colour rooms .. with
P< ar ine ee gem ~ colours. i
Diste‘mperer. vare. [f. Distemper v.2 +
-ER ya One who paints in distemper.
1876 Browninc Pacchiarotto 10 Our brave distemperer.
en see under Distemper v,1
an a
+ Distem t. Obs, [f. DistEmPEr v.!
-mENT. (OF. had destemprement = mélange.)}
Diste m condition (of the air, or humours),
Seer. Phiorav. ui, \xiii. 87 Indispositi
that come throogh disiermperment of humours. "1661 Feur-
nam Resolves, Lusoria xxtv. (1709) 584 Some sulphurous
Spirit sent By the torne Air’s distemperment.
+Distemperure. Oés. [a. OF. destemprure,
-trempure (Godef.), ad. L. type *distemperatira:
see DISTEMPER ¥.1 and -URE.] = DISTEMPERATURE.
1. Distempered condition (of the elements, hu-
mours); = DISTEMPERATURE I, 2.
1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VI. 31 (In Paradise] bere is
noon distemperure [n/a in: ies).
Liquors.
17 Such an irregular dis- |
522
2. Intemperance, immoderation ; = D1sTEMPERA-
TURE 5.
1380 Wycur Sel. Wks. III. 156
iche bodily ping schulde i
perinne may be calde glotorye.
+ Distem: a. Obs. rare. [a. OF. destempré
=L. distemperatus pa. pple.] = D1STEMPERED.
©1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 1. pr. iii. 121 Vif he be distempre
Pr pants for ire. =
Distenant (distenant), v. [Dis-7a.] ¢rans.
To deprive of a tenant or occupier. So Dis-
te’nanted ///. a., deprived of a tenant; unoccupied.
nat Nasue Unfort. Trav. 8 Euerie vnder-foot souldior
a distenanted tun, as Diogenes had his tub to sleepe in.
1876 Farrar Marlb. Serm. xxii. 211 The darkened and un-
spiritual intellect, may distenant creation of its God.
Distend (distend), v. [ad. L. distend-tre to
stretch asunder or out, swell out, extend, f. Dis- 1
+ tendére to stretch. Cf. F. distendre (Paré, 16th
c.) in sense 3.
+1. trans. To stretch asunder, stretch out, ex-
tend; to spread out at full length or breadth. Oés.
c 1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 134 Mastik & pe white of an
ey medlid togidere. .distende it vpon a cloop & leie it on be
se 1597 Daniet Civ. Wars in. Ixxx, As this sweet
rince distended lay. 1626 T. H. Caussin's Holy Crt. 101
So, as temperure of
a mon, distemperure
DISTERMINATE.
Distensibility (distensibi-Iiti. [E. next +
; capa-
the body, their great distensibility
is well known. 1835-6 Toop Cyc?. Anaz, I. 66/: ities
of .. distensibility and contractility. 1869 E. A. Parkes
Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 408 India-rebber cloth loses in part
its distensibility in very cold countries.
Distensible (distensib’l), a. [f. L. distens-
ppl. stem of distend-ére to DISTEND +-IBLE.] Ca-
pable of being distended or dilated by stretching.
1828 in WessTER. 1836-9 Tovpv Cycl. Anat. EE: spelt
The tendinous zones are ble. 72858 C r.
Phys. § 110 The bark is sufficiently distensible to admit of
increase of the..stems. 1881 GinTueER in ae Brit. X11.
654/1 (/chthyol.) A wide gullet and distensible stomach.
_+ Distemsile, z. 0s, rare. [f. as prec. +
-ILE, on L, type *¢esi/-is.]_ = DISTENSIBLE.
1738 Stuart Muscular Motion ii. 27 in Phil, Trans. XL,
If the vessel be di ile, it will d d it. Jbid. iii. 48
Carried on in extensile and distensile blood-vessels.
i i (distenfan). ~ Also 7-9 -tion.
[ad. L. distension-em, var. of distention-em, n. of
action from distendére to DisTeND; perh. immed.
| a, F. distension (14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).]
God comming from Heauen..to take humane flesh, to dis- |
tend his imperiall robe vpon man. 1703 T. N. City § C. Pur-
chaser 11 Those. .which keeping precisely the same heighth,
shall yet be distended, one 4th part longer. 1834 West /nd.
Sketch Bh. 1. 43 Like..the alternate movement of the
distended legs of a pair of compasses.
fig. 1650 Howett tr. Girafi's Hist. Revolut. Naples 82
‘The Archbishop was very busie in distending the Capitula-
tions of the peeple for an accord.
Valle’s Trav. E. India 126 The King’s discourse..was
distended to divers things.
+b. To stretch or extend beyond measure; to
strain; to draw out of joint, to rack. Ods. rare.
1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer’s Bk. Physicke 341 /2 When anye
mans Arme, or Legge is distended or else writhede. [Ren-
dered ‘ out of ioynte’ in the ‘ Exposition of wordes’ on the
flyleaf]. x Drvven Fables, Cock & Fox 293 Stiff in
denial, as the law appoints, On engines they distend their
tortur'd joints.
+ 2. zntr. To stretch out, extend; to spread out
or abroad. Odés.
1581 Stywarp Mart. Discifl. n. 135 Seauen rankes of
Pikes..which did distend in length from the voward to the
rereward, 1 Sir T. Hersert Trav. (ed. 2) 330 Leaves
long and small, distending into many branches.
3. trans. spec. To stretch out any hollow thing,
so as to enlarge its surface and capacity ; to swell
out or enlarge by pressure from within, as a bladder
or an orifice with elastic sides; to expand, dilate
by stretching.
1650 BuLwer Anthrofomet. 246 Giving her Children too
much meat, that distended their stomacks. DryDENn
Virg. Georg. 1. 130 The Warmth distends the Chinks. —
Past. 1x. 41 May thy Cows their burden'd Bags distend.
1794 Suttivan View Nat. I. 21 When persons are imme-
diately killed by lightning, their lungs are found distended.
1846 Evus Elgin Mar. ai 164 The veins of their faces and
legs seem distended.
transf. and fig.
ideas of th’ Almighty's pow’r .. distend the thought Of
feeble mortals! 1824 Dippin Libr. Comp. 558 To distend
it into three bulky tomes.
4. intr. To.increase in bulk by internal stretch-
ing or swelling ; to swell out, expand.
1667 Mitton P. L.1. 573 Now his heart Distends with
pride. ae | J. Bapcock Dew. Amusem. 135 The bladder
will distend. 18:
1875 Bennett & Dyer Sachs’ Bot. m. iv. § 14. 711, When
wood distends on imbibition or contracts on dessication.
Hence Distending vé/. sb. and ppl. a.
—* Frercuer Purple [si. nu. xxiv, Two parted Walls
with wide distending space. /did. v. li, Stuffe.. Fit for
Ai d
g or compr
The distending force of the water,
Distended (distendéd), f//. a. [f. prec. + .
-ED!.]_ a. Spread out or extended in space;
sp! abroad; stretched. b. Dilated, expanded.
1597 Danie Civ. Wars vi. xii, That mighty Familie, The
faire distended stock of Nevileskind. 1665 Hooke Microgr.
Pref. B ij b, I have, by the help of a distended wire, -
ted the sound to a considerable distance.
rypEN Virg. Georg. 11. 483 The still distended Udders.
1795 Cowrrr Needless Alarm 43 The huntsman, with
distended cheek, 'Gan make his instrument of music
1834 West Ind. Sketch Bk. 1, 109 The boat resembled a
huge sea-bird.. casting d from its d Pp
3878 Huxtey Physiogr. 221 This enclosed in the distended
envelope furnished by the ovule, is the pea.
Hence Diste’ndedly adv., in a distended or ex-
tended manner; extendedly.
1748 Ricnarpson Clarissa (1811) Il. xviii. 121 A_pinch
taken with a dainty finger and thumb, the other three
distendedly bent.
Distender. ave. a as prec. + -ER1,] One
who distends ; an expander. :
1831 Examiner 4/1 Not a retailer, even of anecdotes, he
is a distender of them.
+ Diste’ndible, z. Os. Also 7 -able. =
of being distended ;
as prec. + -IBLE.] Capable
distensible.
Phil. Trans. VII, 5137 The Veins only of plants
the parts seokeliedinae ble. x Hist. Litteravia
\ IIL. 350 Distendible, and ductile under, the Hammer,
W. Irvine Tour Prairies 247, 1 could |
see his veins swell and his nostrils distend with indignation. |
1823 Ev.is Mem. ¥. Gordon 77 |
1665 G. Havers P. della |
1742 Younc Nt. Th. 1x. 1932 How such |
1. The action of distending ; distended condition ;
expansion by stretching or swelling out.
1607 Torsett Four-f. Beasts (1658) 239 If a horse..be
weary, it is not safe to let him drinke .. except he first
stale; for in such cases followeth distention. 1625 CrookE
pd of Man 77 Ls to — — =
istensions. 1 ARTLEY ery. ani... great
Distentions Boag haere with Pain for a pF ace time.
1802 Parry Nat. Vheol. x. 85 (2819) 160 Tubes .. kept in a
state of perpetual distention by the fluid they enclose. 1850
B. ‘T'ayior Eldorado xxi, (1862) 215 The large sails. .motion-
less in their distension. c gee
The action of stretching longitudinally,
straightening out, or placing at full length; ex-
tension ; straining, racking. Now Odés. or rare.
ax62g Beaum. & Fi. Double Marriage m. iii, The rack
has spoil'd her; the distensions of those parts have —
all fruitfulness. 1671 Fraver Fount. Life xxvi. 79 A..Refer-
ence to the Distention of all his Members upon the Tree.
1875 KinGtake Crimea (1877) V. i. 230 The alternate dis-
tension and contraction of the line.
+b. Stretching asunder or apart. Ods. rare.
1624 Wotton Archit. (1672) 36 Our Leggs do labour more
in Elevation then in Distention. y
i ive (distensiv), a. rare. [f. L. dis-
tens- ppl. stem +-Ive.] Capable of distending or
being distended ; distensible.
1836 Smaxt, Distensive, that may be distended.
Worcester, Distensive, that distends or may be diste’
+ Distent, 5d. Obs. (ad. L. distentus (u- stem)
a stretching out, distending, f. ppl. stem of distend-
ére to DISTEND.] Stretching out; out-stretched
extent ; distension ; breadth.
1613-18 Dante Coll. Hist. Eng. (1626) 34 The wide distent
of these tumors, fed from many secret veines. 1614 RALEIGH
Hist. World mm. x. § 4 The fronts of the two Armies were
so vnequall in distent. 1624 Worton Archit. in Relig. (1672)
32 [To] be distended one fourteenth part..which addition
of distent will confer much to their Beauty. 1659 B. Harnis
Parival's Iron Age 6 Poland is of vast distent.
Distent (distent), pp/.a. [ad. L. distent-us,
pa. pple. of distendére. Commonly used as a pa.
pple., =Distenpen, on the analogy of such con-
tracted pa. pples. as sent, spent.
+1. Shetched ont at fail or breadth; ex-
tended. Ods. pr Pacey tes
1590 Srenser F. Q.11. vii. 5 Great heapes of gold never
Pan og pn which some were rude owre .. others
were new driven, and distent Into great Ingowes and to
are, 1773 J; Ross Fratricide 1. 296 (MS.) Thus
Earth's -born.. Distent upon the ground,
2. Expanded by stretching ;
1605 Drayton Man in Moon b The helabt Lesanne-
her womb Saet With ~ great os by Jove =
bare. ene HOMSON I chads wi
vernal wers distent. 780 1. Ret ey ton 360
Nostrils..now distent, now
contracted,
Obs. [f. L. distent- ppl. stem
+ Diste'nt, v. .
of distendére.] =Distenp, (Perhaps only in pa.
pple. distented = prec.)
1578 Banister ‘ist. Man v. 72 The intrels..distented, or
retched out by the thynges conteined. cxz2o W. Ginson
Farrier’s Dispens. iii. 1. 64 When the Stomack
17
is moderately distented. ii Blood-vessels of the
Brain being..filled and distented. Jbfd. xi. 155. ©1720
Collect. Misc. Lett. fr. Miot's Frnt. (1722) U1. 19 Bee's
distented Thigh.
Distention, var. form of DisTENsIoN.
Dister : see DisTErr v.
+ Disterminate, v. Obs. [f. L. disterminat-
pl. stem of désterminare to mark off by boun-
ies, f, Dis- 1 + ¢ermindre to bound, mark off:
see TERMINATEY.] ¢rans. To separate as a boun-
dary does; to divide by a boundary; to bound,
Diste’
inflated ing the Dictator them.
po Corvat Crudities 441 Xs noble Rhene .. the fairest
river 2 ny it heron) MAA whine of 4
. Introd. x"
H is - -diatermanating from Armenia. EL, i
DISTERMINATE.
New a 1. in PAil. Trans. X1. 786 Whether some such. .
Fluid. .insinuated itself recht our two Liquors,
and made the Disterminating surface more specular..
+ Diste te, a. Obs. rare. [ad. L. dés-
terminat-us, pa. pple. of distermindre : see prec.,
of which it is also used as pa. pple. for déster-
minated.| Separated, marked off, divided.
1615 CHAPMAN Odyss. x. 106 The Lzstrigonian state, That
bears her ports so far disterminate. | 1624 Br. Hatt Peace-
maker i. %3 (R.) There is one and the same church of Christ,
however far disterminate in places .. however differing in
rites and circumstances of worship. 1671 True Nonconf.
122 There can be nothing more clearly disterminat. B
‘tion. Oés. [ad. L. distermin-
ation-em, n, of action f. disterminare: see prec.]
Separation as by boundaries ; division.
- 1647 Hammonv Power Keys v. 117 This turning out of the
Church, this Church-banish or distermination. 1657
Reeve God's Plea 133 Our discrepancy and distermination
in good things is such, that it hath parted the com-
munity, i }
+ Disterrmine, v. Obs. rare—°. [ad. L. dis-
termin-are to DISTERMINATE, after determine.]
TPisters: Distermine, to diuide, to separate.
+Disterr, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 7c + L.
terr-a land. Cf. It. disterrare, OF. desterrer (11th
ec. in Hatz.-Darm.) ‘to take out of the ground’
(Cotgr.), mod. F. aéerrer, formerly also, ‘to de-
prive of land or country’.] ¢vans. To banish from
one’s country; to exile. (Only in Howell.)
1645 Howe. Lett. (1650) I. 1. xxiv, The Moors, whereof
many thousands were disterr'd and banished hence to Bar-
bary. /did. 1. 111. xxxii, The Jews. .were all..disterred and
exterminated [from Spain]. :
Diste'st, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 4 + L. ses-
tare, -a@ri to call to witness, f. ¢estis witness. ]
trans. To undo or discredit the testimony of; to
deprive of the right of being received in testi-
mony.
* 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng.1. xiii. 41 Ethelstan’s Law
ere it [power of sentence] and upon conviction .. distested
the delinquents Oath for ever.
Diste:
yne, obs. forms of Destiny, DISTAIN.
+ Distha‘tch, v. Ols. nonce-wd. [Dis- 7 a.]
trans. To deprive of thatch (in quot. fig.).
1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes 11. x. 141 Two Ancient Reve-
rend Men, had almost disthatch'd their Faces.
me (disp). Aen. [mod. f. Gr. &-,
Di- 2 twice + o@évos strength. Named by Haiiy,
1801, from its different electrical properties in two
different directions.] A synonym of CyaNITE I.
1808 T. Attan Names Min. 26. ¢1865 Livincstone in
Chambliss Livingstone & Stanley x. 189 Great masses of
kyanite or disthene. 1868 Dana Ain. 375.
me (disprdwn), v [f. Dis- 7c +
THRONE sb.] ¢rans. To remove from the throne;
to DeTHRONE. Also jig.
1sgr Sytvester Du Bartas 1. vi. 615 Our rebellious Flesh,
whose rest-less Treason Strives to dis-throne and to dis-
scepter Reason. 1603 Hortann Plutarch’s Mor. 1197
Thrasibulus .. was disthroned and driven out of his domin-
ions, 1666 J. Smit Old Age To Rdr. (ed. 2) 4 Nothing
can possibly disthrone them. 1876 Gro. Ettot Dan. Der.
ut. xxvi, To be a queen dis: is not so hard as some
other down-stepping.
Hence Disthro-nement, dethronement.
31883 Hone. Monthly Oct. 36.
+ ‘nize, v. Ods.
sb.+-1ZE. Cf. enthronize. TEC.
1583 Stusses Anat. Abus. 11. (1882) 60 That will go about
to disthronize the mightie God .. of his regall throne. 1590
Spenser F. Q. . x. 44. 1615 T. Avams Blacke Devill 45
Man is by Christ advanced to that place whence God
disthronized him. 1689 Def. Liberty agst. Tyrants 74
Kings convinced of loose Intemporancy were disthronized.
Distich (di'stik), sd. Forms: 6-7 (distichon),
disticke, 6-8 distick, 7 distique, dystick, 7-9
distic, 6- distich. Pl. distichs (di-stiks) (also
7-8 distiches), [ad. L. déstichon, a. Gr. diortxov
distich, couplet (neut. of dicrrxos adj.: see next),
f. &:- (Di- 2) + orixos row, line of verse. At first
used in the Lat. form. The pl. déstiches app. points
to an obs. pronunciation dirstitf.] A couple of
lines of verse, usually making complete sense, and
(in anaes _ weaet a couplet.
1 ECON Religues of Rome (1563) 117* There is a
Ditehon fathered on S. Pad ng 1366 Drant Horace
To Rdr. 3 Accordinge to the tenour of this distichon. 1577-
87 Howtnsuep Chron. III. 1206/2 Master Abraham Hart-
well .. g! in a distich or twaine at the effect hereof.
1610 Hottanp Camden's Brit. (1637) 284 A distichon en-
en on heF tombe. 1642 Mitton Afo/. Smect. (2851)
either had I ever read the hobbling distick wi v4
means. 1647 Warp Simp. Cobler 45, 1 shall compose halfe
a dozen distichs. 1711 Steere Sfect. No. 43 ? 9 From
among many other Distiches no less to be quoted’on this
Account, I cannot but recite the two following Lines. 2788
Burns Let. to W. Dunbar 7 Apr., I have scarcely made a
ori ; since ol you. r189r _— Introd, ae.
. Te I. greater num verses in the
poetry of the Old ist of Distich
Distich (disstik), 2. rare. [ad. L. distich-us,
a. Gr. diat:xos of two rows, of two verses: see
ers Arranged in two rows; = DisticHovus.
- 1788 Jas. Lee /ntrod. Bot. (ed. 4) 182 Distich, in two Rows,
when the Branches are produced in a horizontal Situation.
1805-17 R. Jameson Char. Min. (ed. 3) 211 Distic, when
[f. Dis- 6 + THRONE
ly
|
523
in a similar prism .. two rows of facets are arranged around
each base. 1852 Tu. Ross Humboldt’s Trav. 1. xv. 477
A fine gramineous plant with distich leaves. Poe
Distichal (di:stikal), a. (sb.) [f. L. drstichus
(see prec.) +-AL.]
1. Pros. Pertaining to, or of the form of, a distich ;
consisting of two lines of verse.
1778 Br. Lowtn Traus/. /sa. Prelim. Diss. 1 The regular
form of the Stanzas, chiefly Distichal, and the Parallelism
of the Lines, were excellently well suited to this purpose.
1847 Sir T. D. Lauper in 7ait's Mag. X1V. 656 There exist
numerous distichal prognostications. 1895 Q. Kev. Jan. 132
A distichal rhyme.
2. Zool. Applied to certain joints in the ‘arm’ of
a crinoid; also as s/.; see quot. 1888.
1879 P. H. Carpenter in Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool, 11.1. 21
The distichal radii represent the primary arms of Comatula
and Pentacrinus. 1btd.24 Three distichals composing each
primary arm and bearing the brachials directly. 1888 Rot-
LesTon & Jackson Anim. Life 572 If the arms [of a Crinoid]
branch twice, the joints between the first and second places
of division are known as distichals ; if thrice, the joints be-
tween the second and third places of division are designated
palmars. — ae .
|| Distichiasis (distikai-asis). Path. [mod.L.,
f. distichia, a. Gr. dott xia a double row, f. diate xos
(see DisticH).] A malformation in which the
eyelid has a double row of eyelashes.
{1706 Puitiirs (ed. Kersey), Distichia, a double Row of
Hairs on the Eye-Lids.] 1875 H. Watton Dis. Eye 673 The
name of distichiasis has been given to this ideal state.
Distichic (disti:kik),@. [f. Gr. 8i071x-ov Dis-
TICH+-IC.] =DISTICHAL a. I.
1882-3 Scuarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl. WI. 1955 A closed
train of thought which is unrolled after the distichic and
tristichic ground-form of the rhythmical period.
Distichous (di'stikas), a. [f. L. déstich-us adj.
(see DistIcH) + -oUs.] Disposed in two opposite
rows; having parts so disposed, two-ranked ; for-
merly, sometimes=dichotomous ; sfec. in Bot. ar-
ranged (alternately) in two vertical ranks on oppo-
site sides of the axis, as in the glumes and grains
of barley; in Zxfom. applied to antenne having
the joints similarly arranged.
1753 Cuamsers Cycl. Supp. s.v. Stalk, Ifit [the stalk] part
into two series of branches, it is expressed by the term ds-
tichous. 1819 Mem. Sir ¥. E. Smtith (1832) 11. 250 Perfectly
distichous leaves. 1828 Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. 1.127 Tail
round at its base, distichous at the extremity. 1839-47 Topp
Cycl. Anat. I11. 264/2 Having the hairs of the tail distich-
ous. 1845 Florist’s Frni. 69 Distichous flowers in a leafy
spike. 1870 BentLey Bot, 137 A second variety of arrange-
ment of alternate leaves is called distichous or two-ranked.
Hence Distichously adv.
1853 G. Jounston Nat. Hist. E. Bord. 1.220 The spike is
sometimes compound and distichously branched. 1870
Hooker Stm?. Flora 305 Statice, Sea-lavender .. spikelets,
which are alternately distichously or secundly arranged.
188: Bentuam in Jrul. Linn. Soc. XVIII. 325 The leaves
are. .distichously imbricate on the short stem.
Distil, distill (distil),v. Inflect. distilled,
-illing. Forms: 4-5 distille, 5-6 destylle,
dystyll, 6 distyll, 6-7 destill, 5- distill, 7-
distil. [ad. L. déstillare, more correctly dé-
stillare to drip or trickle down, drop, distil, f. De-
I. 1 + stzllare to drop: cf. F. déstiller (14th c. in
Littré) = Pr. distillar, Sp. destilar, It. distillare.]
1. intr. To trickle down or fall in minute drops,
as rain, tears; to issue forth in drops or in a fine
moisture; to exude.
¢1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) vii. 26 Pe liquour pat distilles
oute of pe braunches. 1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 1. vi, Her
teares on her chekes twayne Full pyteously gan to destylle.
1514 Barciay Cyt. § Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) p. |xxii,
The sweat distilling with droppes aboundaunt. 1526 /i/gr.
Perf, (W. de W. 1531) 258 [He] hath caused holy oyle to
distyll out of y® bones of his sayntes. 1612 Capt. Smitu
Map Virginia 7 Mountaines ; from whence distill innumer-
able sweet and pleasant springs. 1659 D. PeLt /mpr. Sea
272 Fetch water out of the Seas..to distill in silver showers
upon the face of the whole Earth. 1704 Pore Windsor For.
54 Soft showers distill'd, and suns grew warm in vain. 17,
Freipine ¥. Andrews 1. xi, A thousand t distilled from
the lovely eyes of Fanny. 1810 Soutnry Kehama x1. v, The
wine which from yon wounded palm .. Fills yonder gourd,
as slowly it distills, 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp. v. (1856) 36
Water distilled in drops over the rocks. —
b. To pass or flow gently. Chiefly fg.
Biste (Douay) Dan. ix. 11 The malediction hathe
distilled upon us .. use we have sinned. 1611 Biste
Deut, xxxii. 2 My shall distill as the deaw. 1715-20
Pore Jiiad 1. ords, sweet as honey, from his lips
32
distill’d. 1830 $e R. Granr Hymn, ‘O worship the King’
iv, Thy bountiful care..sweetly distils in the dew and the
rain. a 1853 Rosertson Serm. Ser. ut. xxi. 281 The wisdom
--will distil in honeyed sweetness.
+c. To melt into, or become dissolved in, Zears.
1374 Cuaucer 7roylus tv. 491 (519) This Troylus in teris
gan Tf ille. c1400 Jest. ie _ Bewde (1561)
287 a/r With that I gan in teares to distill.
d. To drip or be wet with.
1714 Gay Trivia 1, 50 Till their arm'd Jaws distill with
Foam and Gore. 1715-20 Pore //tad xvi. 72 See his jawS
distil with smoking gore. 1816 T. L. Peacock Headlong
Hail xiii, Till his face. .distils with perspiration.
2. trans. To let fall or give forth in minute drops,
or in a vapour which gen into drops.
c Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 265 Boile hem ina double vessel,
& dutille & in his ecre faisch (=tepidusl, myg4 Fanvan
Chron, vi. clviii. 147 Hir eyen dystylled dropes of blode.
DISTIL.
1509 Hawes Yoyf. Med. ix. (Arb.) 72 The dewe of Joye ..
Dystylled is nowe from the rose so red. 1601 Hotianp
/liny I. 272 If by way of embrochation it be ‘distilled
from aloft vpon the head in a more thin and liquid sub-
stance. 1667 Mitton P. L. v.56 His dewie locks disti!l'd
Ambrosia. 1692 Ray Dissol. World 250 Trees do destil
Water apace when Clouds or Mists hang about them. ed
Drypen Virg. Past. vin. 74 Fat Amber let the Tamaris
distill. 1758 J. S. Le Dran's Observ. Surg. (1771) 231,
I distilled a few Drops of Bads. Viride into it (the Wound].
1878 HuxLey Physiogr. 53 The dew is distilled more abun-
dantly upon the grass than upon the gravel.
3. trans. and Jig. To give forth or impart in
minute quantities; to infuse; + to instil.
1393 Gower Conf. I. 3 A gentil herte his tonge stilleth,
That it malice none distilleth Butt preyse. c 1480 Crt. of
Love 23 Thy sugar droppes sweet of Helicon Distil in me,
thou gentle Muse, I pray. 1577 Fenton Gold. Efist.
123 They shoulde haue distilled into their youth, doctrine,
and rules of direction. 1630 SANDERSON Serm. II. 253
Solomon... had this truth .. early distilled into him by
both his parents. 1665 Watton Life Hooker in H.'s Wks.
(1888) I. 36 There was distilled into the minds of the
common people such.. venomous and turbulent principles.
184r Myers Cath. 7h. in. xxvii. 102 Distilling healing
Virtue into bitter waters. a 1881 Rossetti Rose Mary iil.
3 She felt the slackening frost distil Through her blood
the last ooze dull and chill.
4. To subject to the process of distillation; to
vaporize a substance by means of heat, and then
condense the vapour by exposing it to cold, so as
to obtain the substance or one of its constituents in
a state of concentration or purity. Primarily said of
a liquid, the vapour of which when condensed is
again deposited in minute drops of pure liquid;
but extended also to the volatilizing of solids, the
products of which may be gaseous. See DisTILLa-
TION 3.
1398 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. ww. vii. (14
be sodde and dystylled, therof we maye
grees. 1471 Riptey Comp. Alch. m. vii.
140 The Water ..Looke thou dystyll.
Heresbach’s Hush. w. (1586) 192 The water of the herbe
steeped in White Wine, and destilled therewithal. 1787
WisTer Syst. //usd. 339 To distill a sufficient quantity of
water, 1812-6 J. Smith Panorama Sc.& Art 11. 80 Water
..when distilled, is every-where of the same specific gravity.
s Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) 1.157
tilling peat in the same way as
1878 Hux Physiogr. 73 f it is required to distil
a liquid, the liquid is evaporated in a boiler, and the vapour
conducted to the condenser, where it becomes sufficiently
cooled to be deposited in drops .. Fresh water is thus being
constantly distilled from the briny ocean.
b. To extract the essence of (a plant, etc.) by
distillation ; to obtain an extract of.
¢ 1400 MaunpEv. (1839) v. 51 Some destyllen Clowes. 1590
Suaxs. Mids. N.1.i. 76 Earthlier happie is the Rose dis-
go Yf bloode
e talowe and
n Ashm. (1652)
1577. b. Gooce
_ til’d Then that which withering on the virgin thorne,
Growes, liues, and dies in single blessednesse. 1633 G.
Hersert /emfple, Praise iv, An herb destill’d, and drunk.
1750 JoHNsoN Rambler No. 51 P 4 The ladies .. begged me
to excuse some large sieves of leaves and flowers .. for they
intended to distill them, 1825 J. Neat Bro. Fonathan M11.
433 Of the hellish herbs .. that she hath distilled for us,
e. To transform or convert (‘fo something)
by distillation. Also fg.
@ 1636 BEN Jonson Sad Shepherd 1. ii, Two souls Dis-
tilled into kisses through our lips, Do mzke one spirit of love.
1792 J. Berxnarp New Hamfsh. 111. 205 Two or three
vessels in a year would .. bring home molasses to be dis-
tilled into rum. 1822 Lams Z/za Ser. 1. Conf. Drunkard,
Draughts of..wine which are to be distilled into airy breath
totickle vain auditors. 1847 Emerson Poems, Day's Ration
Wks. (Bohn) I. 482 All he distils into sidereal wine.
d. aésol. To perform distillation.
r6rz SHaks. Cymzd. 1. v. 13 Hast thou not learn’d me how
To make Perfumes? Distill? Preserue? 1800 tr. Lagrange’s
Chem. 11. 403 Separate the salt, and distil at a gentle heat.
1838 T. THomson Chem. Org. Bodies 18 If we substitute
6 parts of alcohol for the 4 parts of water and distil, we
obtain formic ether.
e. fig. To extract the quintessence of; to con-
centrate, purify.
1599 Sanpys Europe Spec. (1632) 142 This man is very
charie over that one remaining, and distilleth all other
devises rather than set finger to that string. 1601 Corn-
waLLyes Ess. xii. (1632) Time hath distiid our bloods.
1873 H. Spencer Stud. Sociol. x. 267 Men who are distilled
into the House of Commons, and then redistilled into the
Ministry. 1889 Spectator 14 Dec. 830 We want a removable
Secretary for school works, not a committee, which is only
the public meeting over again, a little distilled.
f. To drive (a volatile constituent) off or out by
distillation. Also fg. ;
1641 Frencu Distill. iv. (1651) 105 Distill off the Water till
no more will distill. 1800 tr. Lagrange's Chem. Il. 225 If
nitric acid be distilled from off this matter, you will obtain
oxalic acid. 1874 L. SterHen Hours in Library (1892) I.
y. 150 To make a Wycherley ae must distil all the poetry
out of a Fletcher. 31883 T. P. Teate Zcon. Coal 18 The
a ile parts are distilled out, becomes a mass
of red coke.
5. To obtain, extract, produce, or make, by dis.
tillation. aA 4
¢ 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) vii. 26 licour es distil
of pam pai sell in steed of edad ape H. Buttes Dyets
drie Dinner B v, Strawberrie-water ..rudely distilled,
betwixt two platters, and not in a limbeck. Sir
T. Hersert Trav. 150 They have Arack or Usquebagh,
distilled from Dates or Rice. 1774 Pennant Tour Scotl. in
1772, 165 A great quantity of w! is distilled. 1830 M.
‘an Dom. Econ. 1. 43 Sir James Ware supposes that
ardent spirit was distilled in Ireland ee England.
-2
DISTIL.
b. fig.
1599 Suaks. //en. V, 1v. i. 5 Ther is some soule of good-
nesse in things euill, Would men obseruingly distill it out.
¢ 1600 SuHaxs. Sonn. cxix. 2 What potions have I drunk
of Siren tears, Distill’d from limbecks foul as hell within.
1606 — 7'r. § Cr. 1. iii. 350 A man distill’d Out of our Ver-
tues. 1 Chron. in Spirit Pub. Frnils. (1799) 1. 177
ai ea were seized, that treason might be dis-
tilled out of them. 1830 Tennyson Sonn. to F. M. K. 6
Old saws, Distill'd from some worm-canker’d homily. 1862
Merivace Rom. Emp. (1865) LI. xxii. 34 The essence
which the wisest of the Romans had distilled from the
records of Greek philosophy.
6. zntr. To become vaporized and then condensed
into liquid; to undergo distillation ; to drop, pass,
or condense from the still. Zo distil over: to pass
over in the form of vapour which again condenses
into a liquid.
c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 195 Make a fier aboute pe pott
as akoes pe erpe & pere wole distille oile into tt
tis binepe. 1471 Rirtey Conf. Adch. i. vi. in Ashm.
(1652) 140 Than Oyle and Water wyth Water shall dystyil.
1641 Frencu Disti/. i. (1651) 35 The oyle which first distils
+. must be kept a part. 1812 Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos,
265 The acid .. distills unaltered at 248° Fahrenheit. 1853
W. Grecory /norg. Chem. (ed. 3) 104 At this strength the
acid distils over unchanged. 1878 Huxtey Physiogr. 73
The liquid .. distils over in a state of purity.
ig. %625 Bacon Ess., Religion (Arb.) 425 The outward
eace of the Church, Distilleth into Peace of Conscience.
+7. trans. To melt, dissolve (/¢. and jfig.).
Obs.
¢1470 Harpinc Chron. Editor's Pref., My lord, distilde
by kynde nature Thrugh besy age .. ‘Io such waykenesse
he myght no more endure, Bot feel so in his grave. 1605
Sytvester Dialog upon Troubles x, Melt thee, distill thee,
turne to wax or snow. azz1g Appison (J.), Swords by
the lightning’s subtle force distill’d And the cold sheath
with running metal fill'd.
(Cf. Suaks. Has. 1. ii, 204 Qg. destilled, Hod. bestil'd.]
+ Disti'l, distill, sd. Ovs. [f. prec] A
vessel used in distillation; a still.
1822 Bewicx Mem. 74 Jars, retorts and distills.
+ Disti‘l-house. 0s. [f. stem of Distit z.]
A house constructed for the business of distilling,
a distilling-house. .
1684 Lond. Gaz. No. 1686/4 In Old-street is a very con-
venient Distill-House to be Lett. 1723 /did. No. 6202/4
A Distill-House, and Backs for working Mollosses.
J. B. Moreton West India Isl. 55 The generality .. think
attention to the distill-house a menia! part of plantership.
1807 tr. Goede's Trav. 111. 77 Distil-houses for Nanay and
other spirits.
Distillable (distilab’l), ¢. (sd.) [f. Dist z.
+ -ABLE; cf. F. d¢stil/able (16th c. in Littré).]
A. adj. Capable of being distilled (4. and fig.).
1611 Corar., Distilladle, distillable ; fit or apt to be distilled.
a 1691 Boyte Iiks. 11. 225 (R.) Much of the obtained liquor
coming from the distillable concretes. 1837 Penny Cycl.
IX. 24/2 Distillable alcohol. 1851 Cartyte Sterling 1. iii.
(1872) 91 Two .. octavos; stray copies of which .. may one
day become distillable into a drop of History.
+ B. sb. Something that may be distilled. Ods.
1669 W. Simpson /ydrol. Chym. 163 Which .. gives,
amongst other distillables, that fetid empyreumatick oyl.
Distillage (distilédz). vare. [f. as prec. +
-AGE 3.) ‘The process or product of distilling.
1877 Lanier Poems, Stirrup-cup 5 David to thy distillage
went.
+ Distillant, c. Obs. rare. [a. F. distillant,
pr. pple. of distiller, or ad. L. destillant-em, pr.
pple. of disté//are to DistiL.] Distilling.
1549 Compl. Scot. vii. 70 Vitht mony salt teyris distillant
doune fra hyr piteous ene. 1606 J. Hynv Eliosto Libidinoso
56 Watering the garden .. of her face with deaw from his
distillant eyes.
Distillate (distilet), sd. [ad. L. distil/at-us,
pa. pple. of dzstzl/are.] That which is distilled
(see DisTIL v. 5); a product of distillation.
I in WessTER. 1 E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene
(ed. 3) 44 If the water be distilled, and if the distillate be
tested for ammonia. 1869 Advocate 15 Dec., The more
rapidly the distillate is sent over the better it will be. 1887
Daily News 25 Jan. 2/7 For the purposes of producing
coal-tar distillates. 1888 B. W. Ricarpson Son ofa Star
eau viii. 135 Their drink is the pure distillate of the
ies.
Distillation (distilz-fon). Also 6-8 destil-
lation. [ad. L. dé-, distillation-em, n. of action
f. dé-, distillare to Distiu; cf. F. distillation (15th
c. in Hatz.-Darm.).] The action of distilling or
fact of being distilled.
1. The action of falling or flowing down drop by
drop; gentle dropping or falling. (/i¢, and fé)
7. in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 112 My blode alle
spilt by distillacion. 1623 Cockeram, Distillation, a drop-
ping. 1694 F. Bracce Disc. Paradies 1. 4 This seed thus
sown, is water'd with the dews of heaven, with the distil-
lations of the Divine grace and blessing. HALMERS
Const. Man (1835) 1. iv. 18x Cause distillation within the
soul of the waters of bitterness.
+2. Path. A defluxion of rheum; a catarrh. Ods.
1533 Exyor Cast. Helthe (1541) 78a, Destyllation is a
droppynge downe of a lyquyde mater out of the head, and
fallynge eyther in to the mouth, or in to the nosethrilles,
or in to the eyes. ag wormed Haven Health cexii. (1636)
217 Distillations from fhe head, ly called rh
1607 Torsett Four-/. Beasts (1658) 270 The Horse. .is sub-
ject unto the distillation in his throat or thereabout.
1748 tr. Vegetius’ ane a 183 If the neck suffers
by a Destillation or ion of Humours. a@1755 G.
524
West Triumphs Gout (Seager), Through th’ obstructed
gone the struggling vapour and bitter distillation force
eir way. : F
3. The action of converting any substance or con-
stituent of a substance into vapour by means of
heat, and of again condensing this by refrigeration
into the liquid form, by means of an alembic,
retort and receiver, ora still and refrigeratory; the
extraction of the spirit, essence, or essential oil of
any substance by the evaporation and condensation
of its liquid solution ; and, in a more generalized
sense, the operation of separating by means of fire,
and in closed vessels, the volatile parts of any sub-
stance from the fixed parts, in order to the collec-
tion of the products.
As shown by the etymology, the original application is to
substances of which the distillates are condensed drop by drop
into the liquid form; whether for the purpose of extracting
the more volatile part of a substance, or of concentrating
or purifying a volatile substance such as water by freeing
it from matter held in suspension or solution. en no
more heat is applied than just suffices to cause the liquid
to pass over in drops, the process is called cold distillation,
Dry or destructive distillation, the decomposition of a
substance by strong heat in a retort, and the collection of
the volatile matters evolved, as in the destructive distillation
of coal in gas-making. /vactionad distillation, the separa-
tion of two or more volatile liquids having different boiling-
points, so that they pass over at different temperatures and
can be collected separately, the more volatile first, and the
less volatile in order afterwards. Dzéstillation by descent
(fer descensum), in Old Chem., the name given toa method
in which the fire was applied above, and the distillate drawn
off beneath (see Descent 1 d). In opposition to this, the
ordinary method was called distillation by ascent (per
ascensum).
1393 Gower Conf. II. 86 First of the distillation Forth
with the congelation, Solucion, discention. ANDREW
Brunswyke's Distyll, Waters Prol., 1 have chosen .. the
booke of distyllacyon of waters. 1559 Morwync /vonym.
1 Destillation, not distillation (as lerned doe write) is the
drawing forthe of a thinner and purer humor out of a juise.
1626 Bacon Sy/za § 99 ‘The power of Heat is best perceived
in Distillations, which are performed in close Vessels and
Receptacles. 1673 Kay Journ. Low C. 66 The Chymical
examination of these Waters by. .Destillation. 1774 GoLpsm.
Nat. Hist. (1776) 1. 169 How far. .it [water] may be brought
to a state of purity by distillation, is unknown. 1802 PLay-
Fair /ilustr. Hutton. Th. 34 The products obtained by the
distillation of the common icarasiota coal, 1806 Gazetteer
Scotd. (ed. 2) 73 A considerable trade in the distillation of
whisky. 1846 Mcevteoce Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) 1. 387
This is one of the counties in which illicit distillation was
most prevalent. 1869 Roscoz Elem. Chemt. 47 All fresh
water on the earth’s surface has been derived from the
ocean by a vast process of distillation.
Arts (ed. 7) 11. 48 Distillation consists in the conversion
of any substance into vapour, in a vessel so arranged that
the vapours are condensed again and collected in a vessel
apart.
1683 Rosinson in Aay’s Corr. (1848) 137 Pitch is got from
the Pinus by a kind of distillation per descensum. 1727-St
Cuampers Cyci. s.v., Distillation is twofold: 1°, Per
ascensum, by ascent .. 2°, Per descensum, by descent;
when the matter which is to be distilled is below the fire.
1831 T. P. Jones Convers. Chem. xxviii. 281 When organ-
ized substances are decomposed at a red heat in close
vessels, the process is called destructive distillation. 1869
Roscoz Elem. Chem, 317 It occurs in the dry distillation
of wood, forming about one per cent. of the aqueous dis-
tillate. 1875 Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) 11, 48 In most cases of
destructive distillation the bodies operated upon are solid,
and the products liquid or gaseous; it is then called dry
distillation. 1895 /imes 19 Jan. 4/5 Our coal-gas .. up to
the present time... obtained by destructive distillation of
coal, hydrocarbon oils, or other organic substances.
b. transf. and fig.
1835 Arnotp Let. in Stanley Life § Corr. (1844) I. vii.
425 Lhe books of Livy .. relate to a time so uninteresting,
that it is hard even to extract a value from them by the
most complete distillation, 1837 Emerson Nat., Amer,
Schol. Wks. (Bohn) II. 177 In proportion to the complete-
ness of the distillation, so will the pba and imperishable-
ness of the product be. sot }. opway Guiana Forest
iv. 76 Intermittent distillation [of perfume] is almost g
in the white flowers of the tropics.
4. concr. The product of distilling: a. That
which cists or forms by distilling (see sense 1).
b. A distillate (0ds.).
1598 Suaks. Mf W. m1. v. 115 And then to be stopt in
like a strong «distillation with stinking Cloathes. c 1600
— Sonn. v, Were not summers distillation left A liquid
prisoner pent in walls of glasse. 1616 R. C. Times’ Whistle
1. 57 The sunnes Tinie heats heavens fruitful distillation.
R. R{usset) Geder u. 1. 1. xiii. 119 Under that end
of the Filter must be set another Vessel to receive the Dis-
tillation. 1746 Harvey Xep. Flower Garden (1818) 88
ben ——— restorative are these cooling distillations
the night,
ec. fig. The extract, abstract; the refined or
concentrated essence. ~
x Mitton Likon, i. (1847) 280/1 Among .. all those
RB volumes of their t ical distillations. 1846
Grore Greece 1. xvi. (1862) I. 334 narrative of Thucy-
dides is a mere extract and distillation from their incredi-
bilities. 1868 Mitman S¢. Paul's ix. 228 That liturgy. .the
distillation, as it were, and concentration, of all the orisons
“which have been uttered in the name of Christ.
+ Disti‘llative, 2. Obs. rare—°. [f. L. distil-
7at- ppl.. stem (see DisTiIL)+-IvE.] = DIsTiLLa-
tory a. Hence Distilatively adv., by way of
distillation, drop by d
1657 eae enous Disp. 677 Liquor that will dis-
1875 Ure's Dict. -
DISTILLERY.
+ Distillator. 02s. Also6-our. [
in L. form f. distillare to Disti; cf. F.
teur (16th c.)] One who distils i distiller, .
B. ll of Health
os Sei il ah tie as
Bi - lees, w!
their Thetih sts) fs bask ere oe a 1659 B. Har-
ris Parival’s Iron Age 59 The Empire had no need of a
distillator, but rather of a good , to act power-
fully,
(disti‘latéri), a, and sdb, [f. L.
type *distillatort-us, -um, {, distillare: see -oRY.
Perh. after F. distillatoire (Paré, 16th c.).]
A. adj. Pertaining to, oremployed in, distillation.
1576 Baker Yewell of Health 164, This poure into the
distyllatorye bodie. 1594 Prat Fewell-ho. 11. 9 Some dis-
tillatorie vessell. 7 H. Arraignm. Whole Creature
xiii. § 1. 171 Water, Wine, Milke, Distil waters. 1727
Braver Fam. Dict. s.v. Distillation of oil, The
Vessel naan se plac’d in the Furnace, fit to its or
distillatory Vessel the Recipient. 1871 Nicnots Fireside
Sc. 54 After the distillatory process..was completed. 1871
Hartwic Sudbterr. W. xxx. 373 The ores are treated in 13
double distillatory furnaces, called alodels.
lant. Odf.
Plant
5 at
th. Diéstillatory plant, the pitcher-
1707 Curios. Husb. & Gard. 288 T istil
grows not far from Celombo. Le Nae
+ B. sb. An apparatus for distillation; an alem-
bic, retort, or still. Ods. ae
c 1460-70 Bk. Quintessence 4 Thanne must 3e do e in
pe furneis of aischin, a distillatorie of glas. 1599 A. M. tr.
Gabelhouer’s Bk. Physicke 22/1 Put al these together into
a distillatory, and infuse theron thre pintes of Piony water.
1602 Prat (fif/e), Delights for Ladies, to adorne their
Persons, Tables .. and Distillatories with Beauties .. Per-
fumes and Waters. 1660 N. Inceto BSentivolio & Urania
u1. (1682) 4 They had a Room well appointed with Furnaces
and Distillatories. 1730-6 Bamey (folio) s.v. Déstillers
Company, Their armorial —— are. .a distillatory double
armed with two worms and bolt head receivers [etc.].
+b. Name of a collection of recipes for dis-
tilling. Ods.
1677 T. Suertey (¢it/e) Curious Digtionees Tit. Elsholt’s
ars ~~ oe) or = ae of — g Coloured
irits, uors, Oyls, etc. from Vegetables.
Distilled (distild), gy. (Dist. v. +
-ED!.] That has undergone distillation; obtained,
purified, or concentrated by distillation.
Distilled water, water that has been vaporized and then
again condensed in drops, so as to be freed from matters
held in eo or solution, ma be kes
he rag . Quintessence 10 e le vynegre
distillid. x1g02 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1. ii. 10
Water of roses, or other water —— 1577 B. Gooce
Heresbach's Husb. 1. (1586) 191 Restored to health, by the
destilled water of this ‘Thistell. 1626 Bacon Sylva § 7 So
we see distilled Waters will last longer than raw Waters,
1732 Arsutunot Audes of Diet 262 Distill’d Oils turn acrid.
1799 Kirwan Geol. Ess. Fd Brisson dissolved 2 oz. of the
urest common salt in 16 oz. of distilled water. 1854 J.
SCOFFERN in Orr's Circ. Sc. Chem. >= acetate
of copper is known popularly by the absurd term distilled
verdigris.
rhe Geo. Exior Dan. Der. III. xlviii. 353 A more
t
ail
orou ty distilled sneer.
Distiller (disti‘laz). [f. as prec. +-ER1,]
1. One who or that which distils: see the verb.
1577 Fenton Gold. Epist. 15 A distiller of waters. 1605
Time Quersit. 1. 186 Thy vessell .. must be such as the
chymicall distillars do use. 1659 D. Pet /mpr. Sea 266
‘This tree .. is a very great distiller of water, which drops
out of the leaves of it. 182 Scorr Aeni/w. xi, He was
a learned distiller of simples, and a profound chemist.
b. spec. One who extracts alcoholic spirit by
distillation. at ) ti
The Distillers’ Company (of London) bares
tepy, ite, The Distiller of, London, compiled and set
forth for the sole use of the company of Distillers of London,
Jbid. Pref. 10 Our duty requires us all (that are Distillers by
profession and Trade) to acknowledge [etc.].__1720 Stryre
Stow's Surv. 11, v. xv, 237/1 Even the Distillers of
Vita, and Vi ers, did it up. "
Donovan Done. d:com. 1, 105 ‘The chief use of yest is for
distillers, and vinegar makers. 1846 J. Joyce
syphon.
raising bread, and in malt inf
for brewers,
_ Sei, Dial. xviii. 182 A distillers crane or
Cc. .
a oy Ess, (1651) 67 That late Italian Distiller
and Sublimer of old definitions. Pore Guardian
pias orie'ar weiner eee wal
distilled essence of the po d Who was the _
distiller?
2. An apparatus for the distillation of salt water
at sea; more fully called Distilling apparatus or
Distilling condenser. ‘ 1 i ad ie
R Marine Steam Engine
game aloe at thai teed Nea eee oe hitters
have been fitted. 1895 Zimes 1 Feb. 12/6 There are also
in the engi two main-feed pumps, two evaporators
and dist four bilge and fire engi
Hence Disti‘lleress, a female distiller,
1841 Fraser's Mag. XXV. 509 An eminent private dis-
tilleress of that sedi liquor
(disti‘lori). [f. : see -ERY.]
+1. The action or art of distilling; = DISTILLA-
TION 3. Obs. a (3 a is
1677 Evetyn Mem. (1857) 11. 123 He
Baier e preys
DISTILLING.
2. A place for distilling; the establishment or
works in which the distilling of spirits is carried on.
1789 B. Martin Sure Guide Distillers p.ii, A community
whch not only imports great quantities of .. spirits from
abroad, but employs such an extensive distillery at home
entirely on that subject. 1765 Ann. Reg. 102 A large
drain. .through which the water flowed a considerable way
from a distillery. 1830 M. Donovan Dom. Econ. I. 283
The distillery was a very small thatched cabin. 18; é
Arnotr Physics (ed. 5) 11. 195 An illicit distillery has been
discovered by the exciseman happening .. to look across
a hole used as.the chimney.
8. attrib. and Comb; distillery-fed (of cattle,
etc.), fed on spent grains, wash, etc. obtained from
a distillery.
1816 J. Scorr Vis. Paris (ed. 5) App. 310 The new dis-
tillery apparatus of M, Adam. 1 EY Gauger in Lond.
Encycl. (1829) VII, 323 A wash-back or other distillery
utensil. 1861 Z%mes 10 Oct., Distillery grains and wash are
, tee [to cows], with straw-chaff and roots. 1881 Chicago
mes 4 June, Fat distillery-fed bulls.
Distilling (distiliy), v7. sd. [-1nc1.] The
- action of the verb Disri ; distillation.
1§27 AnprEw Brunswyke's Distyll. Waters Aj, Dystyllyng
is none other thynge, but onely a puryfyeng of the grosse
from the subtyll, and the subtyll from the grosse, 1628
Gaute Pract. The. (1629) 34 So doth my heart..sucke in
the comfortable distillings of his Grace. 1770 Massie Reas.
eget. Tax on Malt 7 The distilling .. of Malt or of
om, z
- b. attrib. and Comb.
1598 Fiorio, Désti/atoio, a still or distilling house. 1757
(tz¢de) An Appeal to the Public concerning the Distilling
Trade; with a rational Scheme to extirpate it from the
Nation. 1837 Penny Cycl. 1X. 24/1 The period in which
they [mashing and fermentation] are carried on is by law
kept quite distinct from the distilling period. 1894 7imes
26 June 9/5 The representatives of the brewing and distilling
interests. x ® x
Distilling, #//. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG 2.] That
distils; see the verb.
c1485 Digby Myst. (1882) 1v. 264 Gud Mawdleyn, mesure
youre distillinge teres! 592 Suaxs. Ven. §& Ad. 66 Her
cheeks. .dew’d with such distilling showers. 1592 — Kom.
Ful. w. i. 94 Take thou this Violl .. And this distil-
ling liquor drinke thou off. 1634 Sir T. Herbert 7'rav.
210 Divers Birds .. would speed to sucke the distilling
nectar. 1807 ‘I. THomson Chem. (ed. 3) II. 203 With the
assistance of a distilling heat, it dissolves in oils.
Distilment (distilmént). [f. as prec. + -MENT.]
The process of distillation ; concr. the produce of
this process, a distilled liquor. Also fig. (cf.
quintessence).
1602 Suaks. Hamt.1.v.64 Vpon my secure hower thy Vncle
stole With iuyce of cursed Hebenon .. And in the Porches
of mine eares did poure ‘he leaperous Distilment. 1611 S.
Pace Panegr. Verse in Coryat’s Crudities, Put all your
wits distillement in your pen. 1873 Browninc Red Cott.
Nt.-cap 245 For perfume, pour Distiiment rare, the rose of
Jericho, Holy-thorn. 1894 R. Hunter Lect. Germ. Th.
Consumption 10 A poisonous distillment of microbes.
+ Distirme, v. Ods. nonce-wd. [Dis- 7a.]
trans. ?To put out of time ; to mistime.
1650 W. BrouGHu Sacr. Princ. (1659) 428 So sloth dis-times
the conscience.
Distinct (distinkt), f/. a. (sd.) Also 5 des-
tinct, distynte, 5-6 dis-, dystynct, distincte, 6
-stynke, -stincke. [ad. L. distinct-us, pa. pple.
of distinguére to separate, divide, DisTINGUISH ;
ef. F. distinct, -te (13-14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).]
A. as pa. pple.
+1. Distinguished, differentiated. Ods.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. P 754 (Ellesm.), In oother manere
been distinct [v.7~. distynte, distinket] the speces of Glotonye
after seint Gregorie. 1551 Recorpe Pathw. Knowl. 1.
Defin., That therby the whole figures may the better bee
iudged, and distincte in sonder. 1667 Mitton ?. Z. vil. 536
For no place Is yet distinct by name.
+ 2. Separated into parts, divided. Ods.
1434 Misyn Mending of Life, pis boke is of mendyans of
seating in-to xij chapiters. 1526 Pilg. Perf. (W. de
San 1 This treatyse. .is distincte and diuyded in to thre
4] See also B. 4.
B. adj.
1. Distinguished as not being the same ; separate,
several, individual, not identical; = DIFFERENT 2.
Const. from.
1382 [implied in Distincriy 1]. 1447 Bokennam Seyntys
(Roxb.) 149 That yche of these Pewee er pues et
persone angronyes be. 1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII, c. 42 Twoo
severall and distynct companyes. . that is to say, both the Bar-
bours and the Surgeons. 1665 Hooke Microgr. 166 A large
Feather .. contains neer a million of distinct parts. 1796
Witnenine Brit, Plants 11, 329 Tamus. Flowers m{ale] and
f[emale] on distinct plants. 1838 THrrtwatt Greece IV.
xxxii. 276 [The indictment] charged him with three distinct
offences. 1885 F. Tempe Relat. Relig. § Sc. ii. 38 Absolute
as distinct from relative knowledge.
b. Separate or apart so as to be capable of being
distinguished, or as being different ; not confounded
with each other, or with something else.
@ 1674 CLARENDON //ist. Red. vit. § 35 The intention was,
that the two armies, which marched .out together, should
always be distinct. 1733 Pore Zss. Man u1. 229 The worker
from the work distinct was known, 1816 J. Smitn Paxorama
Se. & Art Il. 699 If the first mark be erroneous, a second
may be drawn at the distance of a hair’s breadth from it,
and still be a distinct line. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commw.
II. xlii, 113 Keeping the two systems [of common law and
equity] distinct. - -
525
ce. Nat. Hist., Pathol., etc. = DISCRETE a, Ic.
Said of markings or parts which are perceptibly separated
from each other, as dis/inct spots, fs antennz, or
_ the contiguous parts, as distinct scutellum, thorax,
tatl, etc.
1789 A. Crawrorp in Med, Commun, 11. 325 The small-
pox .. was of the distinct kind. 1810 R. THomas Pract.
Physic (ed.-3) 167 [Smallpox] is distinguished into the dis-
tinct and confluent. .in the former the eruptions are perfectly
— from each other.
. Distinguished or separated from others by
nature or qualities; possessing differentiating
characteristics ; individually peculiar; different in
quality or kind ;, not alike. Const. from.
1523 Act 14 & 15 Hen. VIII, c. 3 Every warden. .shal limitte
distincte and seueral markes to euery of the said worstede
weauers. 1594 Hooker Eccé/. Pol. 1. x. § 1 A distinct kind
of law from that which hath been already declared. 1659
B. Harris Parival’s Iron Age 72 These two Lords .. as
they were of a very contrary Runcae so had they ..
a very distinct death. a@ 1698 Temr.e Lss., Const. § [nt.
Empire Wks. 1731 1. 93 Flanders cannot be considered dis-
tinct from Spain in the Government. 1836 J. Gitpert Chr,
A tonem. vi. (1852) 167 Holiness. .is quite distinct from vin-
dictiveness, 1845 M, Pattison £ss. (1889) I. x Such history
is a distinct species of composition, having its own principles.
3. Clearly perceptible or discernible by the
senses or the mind; clear, plain, definite: a. to
the senses.
1382-98 [implied in DistinctLy 2].
Wks. 64/2 ‘The voyce was neyther loude nor distincke. 1667
Mitton P, L. 1x. 812 To see from thence distinct Each thing
on Earth. 1784 Cowrer Jasé 1v. 162 The clear voice, sym-
phonious yet distinct. 1813 Scorr 77éerm. 11. Introd. ii,
Distinct the shaggy mountains lie, Distinct the rocks, distinct
the sky. 1827 Keste Chr. Y. oth Sund. after ‘Trin., God's
chariot-wheels have left distinctest trace. 1856 Sir B.
Bropieé Psychol. Ing. 1. ii. 35 The transparency of the
atmosphere renders distant objects unusually distinct.
b. to the mind or thought.
1606 Suaks. 7. § Cr. 1v. v. 245 That I may giue the locall
wound a name, And make distinct the very breach, where-
out Hector’s great spirit flew. 1668 Howe Bless. Righteous
(1825) 72 This somewhat distincter account of it. 1752
Jounson Rambler No. 208 ? 11 When common words were
.+ less distinct in their signification. 1860 ‘I'yNpa.t Glac.
M. xix, 328 ‘he distinct expression of thoughts and con-
victions which had long been entertained, 1891 Law 7imes
ae LXIII. 690/2 The defendant .. had given distinct
orders to Nunney never to lock anyone up.
e. In mod. use: That is clearly such; unmis-
‘akable, decided, pronounced, positive. (Cf. Dis-
TINCTLY 2 b.)
1828 Macautay Ess., Hallam’s C. H. (1854) 87/2 An act,
not only of private treachery, but of distinct military
desertion, 1871 Freeman Norm. Cong. 1V. xviii. 229 Who
. would have.a claim to a distinct preference at the next
vacancy of the throne. 1873 Brack ?. Vhude vi. gt A most
distinct dislike to Gaelic songs. 1887 Punch 1y Mar. 137/2 He
is a distinct loss to the stage. 1892 W. Minto in Bookman
Nov.57/1 His volume isa distinct enrichment of our literature.
d. Transferred to the mental impression or
faculty by which something is perceived.
_ 1654 Z. Coxe Logick (1657) 5 The distinct knowledge of
God is paramount the reach of the understanding. .God. .is
conceivable only.. by himself. 1697 Locke Let. to Stilling/?.
in Bourne Zz (1876) II. xiv. 426 If your lordship has any
better and distincter idea of substance than mine is. 18
N. Arnott Physics (ed. 5) I]. 1. 225 The point of distinct
vision is distinguishable from the retina around by being
more transparent. 1892 W. B. Scorr Axtobiog. 1.3 The
distincter memory of middle life.
+e. Capable of making clear distinctions; dis-
cerning, discriminating: = DISTINCTIVE a. 2. Oés.
1614 Be. Hatt Recoll. 7 reat. 128 A distinct and curious
head shall finde an hard taske, to define in what point the
goodnes thereof consisteth. 1756-82 J. Warton “ss. Pope
(1782) I. iii. 120 Men of dry distinct heads, cool imagina-
tions, and keen application. .
4. Marked in a manner so as to be distinguished ;
decorated, adorned. (A Latinism, chiefly foetzc,
and somewhat participial in use.)
1596 Spenser /’. Q, vi. ili. 23 The place..was dight With
divers flowres distinct with rare delight. 1667 Mitton ?’. ZL.
vi. 846 From the fourfold-visag’d Foure, Distinct with eyes,
and from the living Wheels, Distinct, alike with multitude
of eyes. 1715-20 Pore //iad xi11. 768 The handle. . Distinct
with studs. 1817 SHELLEY Rev. /slame1. lv, A throne.. Dis-
tinct with circling steps which rested on Their own deep
fire. 1830 Tennyson Arad. Nits. go Dark-blue the deep
sphere overhead, Distinct with vivid stars inlaid.
+5. =DIstincuisHED 4. Obs."rare.
1756 W. Totpervy 7wo Orphans III. 85 An application
made .. to St gale of distinction .. and the reception that
they met with from the said distinct person.
+C. sé. A separate or individual person or
thing. Ods. rare.
x6o1 Suaxs. Phenix §& Turtle 27 Two distincts, division
none; Number there in love was slain.
+ Distinct, v. Olds. Also 4 destincti, 5 dis-
tinke, 5-6 dystynke. [a. OF. di-, destincter,
-tinter to distinguish (Godef.), f. déstinct Distinct
a.] = DISTINGUISH (in various senses); in fa. pple.
sometimes = DistINcr a, ;
1303 R. Brunne Handl. Synne 11590 A prest pat ys no
clergye ynne, How can he weyl dystyncte by synne? 1340
Ayend. 152 To destincti be-tuene pe guode pinges and pe
kueade. ¢ 1386 [see Distinct A//. a. A. 1. Distinket]. ¢ 1400
Rom. Rose 6199 Ther can no wight distincte it so That he
dare sey a word therto. 1526 Pilger. Perf. (W. de W. 1531)
247 The consideracyon wherfore the foresayd hours be so
distincted or diuyded in to vij tymes. 154x R. Cortanp
Galyen’s Terap. 2Aivb, It is an impertynent thynge to
1513 More Rich. ///,
DISTINCTION.
this worke to dystynke these thynges. 1546 GARDINER
Declar. Foye 40b, By distinctinge gods knowledge from
his election. 1583 Stuspes Anat, Abus. u. (1882) 68 Be the
churches, congregations, and assemblies there distincted
into particulars. /éid. 109.
Hence Disti‘ncted f//. a., Distincting wd/. sb.
1570 Dee Math. Pref. in Ruda’s Enclide (1651) Biv b,
The discretion, discerning, and distincting of things. /éid.,
Our Severalling, distincting, and numbring, createth nothing.
1575 T. Rocers Sec. Coming Christ 47/1 Nor yet their earne-
full plaintes abroade distincted voyces send.
+ Distinctial, a. Obs. rare—'. [irreg. f. L.
distinct- ppl, stem, perh. after differential, partial,
nuptial, etc.] Capable of distinguishing.
1648 Earp WestmorELAnp Ot/a Sacra (1879) 59 What
rity so distinctiall, As for to single One out of them
all?
Disti-nctify, v. rare.
TINCT +-FY.] ¢vazs. To make distinct.
tinctifica‘tion.
a 1866 J. Grote Exam. Utilit. Philos. xx. (1870) 337 The
growth and distinctification of classes and interests. 1877
(quoted in) Proctor Myths Astron. 247 So could the same. .
light, passed through the faintest focal object of a telescope,
both distinctify (to coin a new word..) and magnify its
feeblest component members. ;
Distinction (distinkfon). [a. F. disténction
(12th c. in Littré), ad. L. déstinctzon-em, n. of ac-
tion f. distinguécre to DISTINGUISH. ]
+1. The action of dividing or fact of being
divided ; division, partition ; separation. (In quot.
1520, division of opinion, dissension.) Oés.
1387 Trevisa //igden (Rolls) I. x11 (Miatz.) For dis-
tinccioun of dyuers manere men pat woned pere. 1520
Caxton'’s Chron. Eng. v. 62/1 There was a great dys-
tynccyon, for the Clergy entended to have chose Peres the
archebysshop. 1586 A. Day Lung. Secretary 1. (1625) 144
There might also be made a distinction of love..one tearmed
by the name of Friendship, and this other chalenging onely
..Love. 1612 Brinstey Pos. Parts (1669) p. ili, Else dis-
tinctions of the Chapters are not observed. 1661 Boyre
Style of Script. (1675) 60 ‘The distinction of chapters and
verses now in use. 1668 Drypen “ss. Dram. Poesy (V.>
The distinction of tragedy into acts. 1709-29 V. Manpry
Syst. Math., Geogr. 541 Part I. Of the Distinction of the
Earth,
+b. Division ofa sentence by stops, punctuation ;
a point or stop. Ods.
1552 Hutoet, Distinction or poynte in sentence, diastole,
distinctio. 1579 FuiKe /eskins’ Parl. 195 Vo corrupt it by
«. wrong distinction or pointing. @ 1637 B. Jonson Eng.
Gram. 1. ix, The distinctions of an imperfect sentence are
two, a comma and a semicolon.
+e. concr. A partition, something that separates.
Obs.
1578 Banister //ist. Man 1. 13 Betwene euery tooth are
euident distinctions, or hedges.
+2. One of the parts into which a whole is
divided ; a division, section; a class, category.
a 1225 Aucr. R. 12 Peos boc ich to dele on eihte distinc-
tiuns, Bet 3e clepied dolen. cxg0o tr. Secreta Secret., Gov.
Lordsh.(E.E.'T.S.) 42 Departand pis booke yn distinccons
or bokes. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 20 His
distinctions are Hortatorie and Dehortatorie ; Swasorie and
Disswasorie. 1677 Hate Prin. Orig. Man. uw. x. 234
Persons..known to be of that Linage and Descent, and still
continuing..in that Distinction. 1756 Burke Sud/. g B.v.
ii, Words .. are capable of being classed into more curious
distinctions. 1848 Kevty tr. Camébrensis Eversus 1. 373
He prepared to recite his work in Oxford..one of the three
distinctions of the book being read each day.
+b. Class (in relation to status) ; rank, grade.
Ofthe first distinction: of the highest rank; highly
distinguished (cf. sense 8). Ods.
1719 Swirt To Vug. Clergym. Wks. 1755 II. 1. 3 Among
the clergy of all distinctions. 1734 tr. A’odlin’s Anc. Hist.
(1827) IL. 1. 88 Three hundred young Carthaginians of the
first distinction. a@1763 SHENstone (Mason), Societies,
ranks, orders, and distinctions amongst men.
3. The action of distinguishing or discriminating ;
the perceiving, noting, or making a difference be-
tween things; discrimination. With @ and J/., the
result of this action, a difference thus made or ap-
preciated.
a1340 Hampote Psalter Ixv. 12 Sayand ..i hafe nede of
be, noght pou of me, pis is a right distynccioun. 1382
Wycur Rom. iii. 22 The riz3twysnesse of God is by the feith
of Ihesu Crist on alle that bileuen in to hym; forsoth ther
is no distynccioun. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. &. vu. xvi.
(1495) 323 The sonne hath vertue of dystynccion, for coloures
and shappes of thynges by..the lyghte..of the sonne arne
knowe and dystynguyd asondre. 1527 TinpaLe 7eat.
Sustif. by Faith Wks I. 46 They rend and tear the scrip-
tures with their distinctions. 1551 ‘I. Witson Lagike (1567)
73 b, All suche argumentes must be auoided by distinction,
that is, ye must declare the double meanyng in the twoo
Proposicions. 1588 Fraunce Lawiers Log. 1. iii. 17 b, This
nice and frivolous distinction of Chaunce and Fortune. 1607
Suakxs. Cor, ut. i. 323 He .. is ill-school’d In boulted Lan-
guage: Meale and Bran together He throwes without dis-
tinction. 1662 J. Davies tr. Olearius’ Voy. Ambass. 78
Punish’d, without any distinction of Sex, Age, or Quality.
ref Lp. Orrery Art of War 11 In some places..one may
find a distinction from the Cohorts to the Centuries, and
from the Centuries to the Manniples. 1709 Stree 7atler
No. 62 » 4 To cut off their Ears, or Part of them, for Dis-
tinction-sake. 1729 Butter Sevm. Wks. 1874 I]. 6 Every
body makes a distinction between self-love, and the several
[f. L. distinct-us Dis-
So Dis-
particular ions. 1871 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) 1V.
xviii. 104, We may. .see that a distinction is drawn between
the rule of William himself and the rule of his oppressive
lieutenants. 1891 Speaker 2 May 534/1 The old universities
are open to all, without distinction of rank or c) 2
DISTINCTION.
b. Phr. A distinction without a difference: ice.
one artificially or fictitiously made in a case where
no real difference exists. :
1579 Futxe Heskins’ Parl. 207 The distinction remaineth
without a difference. 1688 0x Cleri Pro Rege 47 It seems
his Power is absolute, but not arbitrary, which is ..a dis-
tinction without a difference. 1771 Junius Lett, No. 59.
313 Your correspondent .. seems to make a distinction with-
out a difference. 1891 Speaker 2 May 532/2 The jugglery
of words was never more successful than in this distinction
without a difference.
4. The condition or fact of being distinct or
different ; difference. With a and f/., an instance
of this, a difference.
1435 Misyn Fire of Love 15 O godhede..is of iij. persones
..euynhede & onhede forsoth haueand after be substance of
godhede, not wantand distinccion of diuersite after
propirte of be name. More Confut. Tindale Wks.
492/2 The Jewes & the christen had other differences &
dystinccions betwene them. 1678 Norris Co//. Misc. (1699)
288 It is acertain sign .. of real distinction, when the idea
of one thing .. positively excludes the idea of the other.
1731 J. Girt Trinity i. (1752) FA Denying a distinction of
och in the Godhead. 1847 Emerson Kepr. Men, Plato
Wks. (Bohn) I, 300 His patrician tastes laid stress on the
distinctions of birth. 1850 McCosu Div. Govt. 11. i. (1874)
291 The..process by which the distinction between good
and evil is discovered.
5. The faculty of distinguishing or accurately
observing differences; discernment, discrimina-
tion. ? Obs.
1606 Suaks. 77. & Cr. un. ii. 28, I doe feare..That I shall
loose distinction in my ioyes. 1617 FLetcner Valentinian
1. iii, Yet take heed, worthy Maximus; all ears Hear not
with that distinction mine do. 1654 Cokatne Dianea 1. 4
‘The remotenesse of the place he was in afforded him not
distinction to discerne from whence they came. 1768 STERNE
Sent. Fourn. (1778) Il. 110 (Case of Consc.), I like a good
distinction in my heart.
+6. The condition or quality of being distinctly
or clearly perceptible; distinctness. Ods.
1589 Puttennam Eng. Poesie u. iv. [v). (Arb.) 87 There is
no greater difference betwixt a ciuill and brutish vtteraunce
then cleare distinction of voices ;..the most laudable lan-
guages are alwaies most plaine and distinct. 1661 Soutu-
weit in PA. Trans. XLIV. 220 Firing..I heard 56
Reiterations of the Noise. The first twenty were with some
Distinction. 1709 BerkeLey 7%. I ision § 84 Able to view
them.. with the utmost clearness and distinction. 1712
Sreeve Sfect. No. 454 P 6 All the several Voices lost their
Distinction, and rose up in a confused Humming.
7. Something that distinguishes or discriminates ;
a distinguishing quality, mark, or characteristic ;
a distinguishing name or title.
€1374 Cuaucer Boeth. u. pr. v. 32 Pat gemmes drawen to
hem self... beaute..thorw the distinccon of hem self.
1729 Butter Serm. xi, Wks. 1874 IL. 134 It may be spoken
of as..the distinction of the present [age] to profess a con-
tracted spirit. 1772 Cowrrer Let. to ¥. Hill 4 Feb., The
person was described as the Clerk of the House of Lords,
without the addition of his proper distinction, 1828 D'Israe.t
Chas. J, 1. iii. 3 From a slender volume of polemical divinity
.. our Sovereigns still derive one of their regal distinctions.
1848 Rickman Goth. Archit. 33 The capital is the great
distinction of this order.
8. The action of distinguishing or treating with
special consideration or honour; the showing of
a preferential regard ; with @ and f/., a mark of
special appreciation or honour.
1715 De For Kam. Instruct. 1. iv. (1841) I. 87 She loves
you to a distinction above every child she has. 1727 Swirt
Gulliver w. x. 327 To give so great a mark of distinction
to a creature so inferior as I, 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. W. x
The distinctions lately paid us by our betters awakened
that pride which I had laid asleep. 1768 Woman of Honour
IIL. 193 There is no great hazard of your distinction of
him being lost upon him. 1780 Haris Philol. Eng. (1840)
394 For grammatical knowledge, we ought to mention with
distinction the learned prelate, Dr, Lowth. 1810 Suettey
Zastrozzi xv. Pr. Wks. 1888 I. 94 Julia rushed forwards,
and, in accents of distinction, in a voice of alarmed tender-
ness, besought him to spare himself. 1816 J. Scorr Vis.
Paris Pref. (ed. 5) z The feeling..which procured him this
distinction. 1855 Prescorr PAr/ip //, I. ut. iii. 343 Some
were beheaded with the sword,—a distinction reserved. .for
persons of condition.
9. The condition or fact of being distinguished
or of distinguishing oneself; excellence or eminence
that distinguishes from others; honourable pre-
eminence ; elevation of character, rank, or quality ;
a distinguishing excellence.
1699 M. Lister Yourn. Paris 8 All the Houses of
Persons of Distinction are built with Port-cocheres. 1748
Relat. Eartha. Lima 55 Fifty select Persons, all Men of
Distinction. 1756 [see Distinct a. 5). 1828 Scorr /, MM.
Perth xxiii, Various persons of distinction had come there
in his train. 1867 SMiLes Huguenots Eng, xii.(1880) 202 He
ad..served with distinction in the French army, 1887 T.
Fow er Princ. Mor, u. i. 12 The love of distinction or pre-
eminence.,seems, in the great majority of men, to operate
far more constantly and with far greater force than the love
of knowledge. 1890 Sfectator 14 June 829/1 Not only is
distinctness from others not in itself distinction, but dis-
tinctness from others may often be the very opposite of
distinction, indeed, a kind, and a very unpleasant kind, of
vulgarity. 1891 Speaker 2 May 533/1 The book .. has ..
more quality and distinction than four-fifths of the novels
which come under our notice.
10. Comb., as distinction-maker (see sense 3).
17ot J. Law Counce. Trade (1751) 278 Speaking the same
language, and if the distinction-makers would let them, hav-
the same inclinations for the public and common
526
a. rare. [f. prec. + -AL.]
Relating to, or of the nature of, distinction.
1607 R.C, tr. Estienne’s World Wond. xxxix. 327 The
Decretals haue had their ..the Questionall, Dis-
tinctionall, Quodlibeticall es..theirs.
Disti-ncti rare. [f. L. déstinct-us Dis-
TINcT a. + -ITY.] The quality of being dis-
tinct. ;
18z2 Corerince in Lit. Rem, (1836) 111. 2 The pleroma
of being whose essential poles are unity and distinctity.
3829 /did. 123 Donne had not attained to the reconciling of
distinctity with unity.
Distinctive (distinktiv), 2. (sd.) [f. L. dés-
tinct- ppl. stem of distinguére (see Distixct, D1s-
TINGUISH) + -IVE; cf. F. déstinctif, -ive (1740 in
Acad.).] A. adj.
1. Having the quality of distinguishing ; serving
or used to distinguish or discriminate ; character-
istic, distinguishing.
1583 Stusnes Anat. Abus. 1. (1879) 73 Our Apparell was
giuen vs as a signe distinctiue, to discern betwixt sex and
sex. 1627-77 Fectuam Kesolves 1. lvii. 278 "Tis one of the
distinctive properties of Man from Beast, that he can reflect
upon himself. 1828 D Israeii Chas. /, 1. vi. 156 Papist and
Protestant now became distinctive names. Ruskin
Mod. Paint, 111. 1v. xvii. § 9 Wordsworth’s distinctive work
was a war with pomp and pretence, and a display of the
majesty of simple feelings and humble hearts. = GLap-
stone Prim. Homer g The. .distinctive office of the bard was
to give delight. 1894 C. N. Rostnson Brit, Fleet 319
A military organization, wearing a distinctive dress.
2. Having the power of distinguishing or discri-
minating ; discriminative ; discerning. rare.
1646 Six T. Browne Psend. Ep. 1. iii. 75 More judicious
and distinctive heads. 1646 Crasnaw /’oems 128 If with
distinctive eye and mind you look. 1879 R. K. Doucias
Confucianism iii. 72 He .. shows himself .. accomplished,
distinctive, concentrative, and searching. ee
3. Having a distinct character or position.
rare.
1867 Smices Huguenots Eng. xviii. (1880) 343 The refugees
..at length ceased to exist as a distinctive people. 1877
J. C. Cox Ch. of Derbysh. 11. 417 Bonsall .. was not a dis-
tinctive manor at the time of the Domesday Survey.
4. /febr. Gram. Applied to accents used, instead
of stops, to separate clauses.
1874 Davivson Hebr. Gram. (1892) 27 These are the main
distinctive accents, and by stopping at them .. the reader
will do justice to the sense. | ,
B. sé. 1. A distinguishing mark or quality; a
characteristic.
1816 Kreatince 7raz. (1817) I. 189 The red umbrella, the
distinctive of royalty here. 1836 Cot. Wiseman Sc. & Relig.
I. iii. 173 An intermediate class, possessing, to a certain
degree, the distinctives of the extremes.
. Lebr. Gram. A distinctive accent : see A. 4.
1874 Davivson Hebr. Gram. (1892) 27 A distinctive of
less power than Zakeph is Tiphha, 1887 A thenaum 17 Dec.
820/1 As eoasaeexbee attention is paid to the [Hebrew]
accents, the author should know that /7p/ca is not a minor
distinctive, but one of the four kings or great distinctives.
Distinctively (distiyktivli), adv. [f prec.
+-LY 2.) Ina distinctive manner.
1. With distinguishing operation or effect; in a
way that makes a distinction; so as to distinguish ;
separately, severally.
1610 Mirr. Mag. 855 (R.) Her [Queen Elizabeth's] sweet
tongue could speake distinctively Greek, Latin, Tuscane,
Spanish, French, and Dutch. a@1677 Barrow Serm. Wks.
1686 II. xxxiv. 492 To what end also doth he distinctively
assign a peculiar dispensation of operations to the Father,
of ministeries to the Son, of gifts to the Holy Ghost? 1
Monthly Mag. Jan. 52 He determined to blend, in a single
tableau, all the different colourings of truth which he had
long before pourtrayed distioctivel . 1825 CoLeripcE Aids
Ref. (1848) 1. 168 Contemplated distinctively in reference
to formal (or abstract) truth, it is the Speculative Reason.
1833 Cuatmers Const. Man (1835) I. ii. 129 Ere we see
clearly and copay peg © 1841 Myers Cath. Th. m1. § 38.
136 Not only..Facts..but also..what may be distinctively
termed Truths, or technically Doctrines. 1863 E. V, Near
Anal. Th. & Nat. 61 The individual rose has become to us
one among many roses, of which may be thought of
as distinctively colored.
2. In a distinguishing manner; characteristically
as distinct from others ; peculiarly.
1871 Freeman //ist. Ess. (1872) 37 If we can suppose
a distinctively Saxon settlement in the north. 74
Mocerince Ants § Spiders Suppl. 168 The seeds of the
distinctively spring and summer-flowering plants, 1881
Sat. Rev. 23 July ro1/1 There is nothing distinctively
hristian .. in Gothic architecture. 1885 Copp Alyths 4
Dr. 1. viii. 134 Legends and traditions .. invested with a
ars. and majesty distinctively Hebrew.
? Distinctly. Ods. "
Suaks. Oth. 1. iii . Fos.) Whereof
ae she had sassihdas heed” Bae me distinctively
Qq. intentiuely, Fo. 1 instinctiuely).
Disti‘nctiveness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.]
1, The = of being distinctive ; distinctive
force, tendency, operation, effect, or character.
@ 1679 T. Gooowin Ws. LI. 11. 13 (R.) The distinctive-
ness is imported .. in the article put to Tov marpos of
the Father, rov viov of the Son, rov & mvevparos, of the
Holy Ghost, 1821 Locknarr Valerius ILL. vi. 145 As if
what I saw were still present in all distinctiveness
reality. 1876 J. Parker Paraci. 1. vi. 94 Preaching should
never lose its distinctiveness; it should stand apart.
Times 6 Mar. 6/3 They have electric lights transcending in
power — distinctiveness everything on this side of the
_ DISTINGUE.
+ 2. Power of distinguishing or discriminating ;
iscernment. R =
Dicey Elvira i. in Hazl. Dodsley XV. 22 Thou art
— and want'st distinctiveness "T'wixt love and love :
shat: eo a eens, So dee eee eee
Distincti-vity. rare. [f. as prec. + -1Ty.]
= DISTINCTIVENESS.
1836 Fraser's Mag. Speed pd In similar’ connexion and
distinctivity exist church and state, God and nature,
(disti*nktli), adv. [f. Distiner a.
+-LY 4,
+1. In a distinct or separate manner ; separately,
individually, severally. Ods.
1382 Wycuir £cclus. i. 2 The grauel of the se, and the
dropis of reyn, and the da3es of the world, who distinctli
hath noumbrede? 1425 Found. St. Bartholomew's 23 Sun-
dry thyngys by ther propyr namys dist yy he callide.
x Perrie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. u. (1 580) 54, will speake
distinctlie of those two pointes. 16z0 Suaks. Temp. 1. ii.
200 On the Top-mast, The Yards and Bore-spritt, would
1 flame distinctly, Then meete, and ioyne. 1737 WHiston
Josephus, Antig. xvi. iv. § 4 Their father .. took each of
them distinctly in his arms. : .
tb. Distinctly from: so as to be distinguished
from; in contradistinction to. Odés.
a 1682 Six T. Browne 7racts (1684) 16 Distinctly from
rd he chose plain Fare of Water and the gross Di
ulse.
2. In a distinct or clear manner; without con-
fusion or obscurity ; so as to be clearly perceived
or understood; with clear perception or under-
standing ; clearly, plainly.
1382 Wycuir Neh. viii. 8 And thei radden in the boc of
the lawe distinctli and apertli to vnderstonde. 1398 Trevisa
Barth. De P. R. wm. xvii. (1495) 62 Though a thinge be
ryght tofore the eye, yf it be to ferre therfrom, it is not
dystynctly knowe. 1535 Coverpate /sa, xxxii. 4 The
vnparfite tunge shal speake planely and distinctly. 1604
Suaxs. Oth. u iii, 290, I remember a masse of things, but
nothing distinctly. 1709 Steere & Apvpison Vatler
No. 103 P 13 He could see nothing distinctly. 1858 O. W.
Hoimes Aut, Breakf.-t. xi. 110, 1 tried to twice
without making myself distinctly audible. Frovupe
Short Stud. 1V. 1. x. 112 They did not know, perhaps,
distinctly what they meant to do. x a es
b. In mod. use (chiefly with adjs. or adjectival
phrases): In a way clear to the mind or percep-
tion; clearly, unmistakably, decidedly, indubitably.
(Cf. Distiner a. 3c.)
x Kinostey Lett. (1878) I. 2t An object which was
duecty not political. 1868 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876)
II. vii. 133 One would have thought that horses were
distinctly in the way. 1 Buack Pr. Thude xiv. 217 The
young American lady distinctly the best of ite
Green Short Hist. iii. § 1. 114 English court
become the centre of a distinctly secular literature.
Critic (U. S.) 11 Mar. 147/1 Now the favorite slang |
of li is ‘distinctly’, Heroines are now ‘ di y
regal’ in their -bearing, and there is about the heroes
a manner that is ‘distinctly fine’.
(disti‘nktnés). [f. as prec. +
a
-NESS,
1. The condition or quality of being distinct or
different ; separateness ; individuality. 2
1668 H. More Div. Dial. um. x. (1713) 200 ‘The opinion
of the Immortality of the Soul and personal distinctness of
the deceased in the other life. 1678 Cupwortn /utedd.
Syst. 37 (R.) To assert the soul’s immortality, together with
its incorporeity or distinctness from ony: 1863 Kinc-
LAKE Crimea (1876) 1. viii. 116 The Turki rmment
= -. sensible of ‘toe [ —— of ue ‘nations’ held
under its sway. see Distinction
3. The condition or quality of being distinct or
clear; clearness, plainness. a. As a quality of
the object: Capability of being clearly perceived
or understood.
1668 Witkins Real Char. 413 The here pro-
—_ .the Facility, Comliness and i of it. 1794
ome in Pail. Trans. LXXXYV. 9 Judging of distinctness
by the legibility of the letters. Sys L. Sternen Playgr.
Eur, xi. (1894) 271 In the evening light each ridge and
. stands out with startling distinctness. 1 OWETT
Plato (ed. 2) V. 105 To use the lyre on account of the dis-
tinctness of the notes. q
b. As a quality of perception or thought: cf.
Distinct a. 3d. ed -
Z. Coxe Logick (165: r understanding cannot
A * > determine A pe Mand the natures of
with distinctnesse. Home in PAid. Trans. LXXXV.
at The distinctness with which an object is seen
the is first fixed upon it. Wuewewt Hist,
eye
Induct. Sc. (1857) 1. 51 A di of hesitation .. which ..
shows the a Asta?) of all sclenttic distinctness of thought.
+Distinctor. Os. rare. [a. L. distinctor,
ent-n. from distinguére to DistinauisH.] One
who draws a distinction; a a
1577 Stanynurst Descr. /ret. i. in Holinsh, (1587) 1. 2
They would be named Ireland but in no wise I
men, But certes..such curi ‘i
distinctors may
bled to the foolish butcher, that
i be.
offred toh ph sold his
mutton for fifteene grots, and yet would not take a
whe,
“} Distincture. Oés. rare. [f. Distinct a. +
erst ha Distinction, DISTINCTNESS,
orcesTeERr cites Zdin. Rev.
Distingue, v. Obs. Also 4 distyng(e, 4-6
distingwe, 6 Sc. distuing. E. dist. )
distingue-n, a. F. distingue-r (13th c. in Littré),
ad. L. distinguére to Distineuisy, f. d#-, Dis- 1
DISTINGUE.
‘+ stinguére orig. ‘to prick or stick’, but found
only in sense ‘ to extinguish’.] = DisTINGvIsH (in
various senses).
a1340 Hampote Psalter Prol., pis boke is distyngid in
thris fyfty psalmes. ¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 11. pr. v. 47
Art Mm getingwed and embelised by be spryngyng floures?
er yet Sern. Sel. Wks. II. 202 Here we moten
distingue blame fro liz3t synne. c1460 Fortescur Ads, &
Lim. Mon. i, (1885) 110 In tho dayis regimen politicum
et regale, was distyngued a regimine tantum regale. 1596
Darrymece Leslie's Hist. Scot. w. 387 Quairto thrie or
four distuing or define J in this speiking.
isti 6 (dest@nge), a. [1°. déstingué Dis-
TINGUISHED, pa. pple. of distinguer to DISTIN-
GUISH.] Distinguished (ess. in reference to ap-
pearance or manner) ; having an air of distinction,
1813 Byron in Moore Zife (1832) II. 290 (Stanf.) Every
thing distingué is welcome there. 1833 C. Hearn Bé.
Beauty (1837) 159 A tall, elegant, young man, of the most
distingué appearance, 1841 ‘THAcKERAY AZisc. Ess. (1885)
8x That snowy napkin coquettishly arranged round the
idneys gave them a distingué air, 1873 Lowe. Lett.
(1894) II. 89 He is a distingué person in a high sense, with
a real genius for looking like a gentleman. :
i ish (distingwif), v. [f. F. distin-
guer or L. distinguére (see DistincvE), with the
ending -18H, etymologically appropriate to repre-
sentatives of F, verbs in -27, -zss-an¢, Cf. EXTIN-
GUISH. ]
I. Transitive senses.
+1. To divide into parts or portions separate
in space or time. Oés.
1609 Biste (Douay) /-xod. xxxvi. 35 A veile of hiacinth..
with embrodered worke, varied and distinguished. 1610
Histrio-m, 1. 200 The face of heaven .. is distinguisht into
Regions .. fil’d with sundry sorts of starres. 1618 Botton
Florus 1. ii, 8 Hee .. distinguisht the yeere into twelve
Months. 1650 Futter Pisgah u. vi. 149 In the third day
..this lower globe was distinguished into earth and water.
1695 Woopwarp Wat. Hist. Earth 1. (1723) 6 The Stone..
was distinguished into Strata or Layers. 1709-29 V. Man-
pey Syst. Math., ge fs 540 Geography is a Doctrine
othe a the Reason of Distinguishing, and Measuring the
arth,
+b. To divide or separate (from something else,
or from each other). Ods.
1648 Gace West [nd. xiii. 69 We cannot certainly avow
this America to be continent, nor certainly affirme it to be
an Island, distinguished from the old world, 1658 A. Fox
Wurtz’ Surg, u. xi. 89 The Midriffe, which distinguisheth
the Lungs from the Breast. 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. wv.
194 No Fences parted Fields, nor Marks nor Bounds Dis-
tinguish’d Acres of litigious Grounds.
+c. To divide by points; to punctuate. Ods.
1657 J. SmitH Myst. Rhet. 268 The Points or Notes used
by the Learned in distinguishing writing. .are not the least
part of Orthography. 1699 Benttey /ad. 266 Thus the
words are to pointed, which have hitherto been falsly
distinguish'd. | a :
2. To divide into classes or species; to class,
classify,
1581 J. Bett Haddon's Answ. Osor. 186 Your schoolemen
do distinguishe into workes done, and works to be done.
1614 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 698, I might distinguish
this service into habituall and actuall. 1762 GoLpsm.
Cit. W. xxv. ® 3 The inhabitants were. .distinguished into
artisans and soldiers, 1774 — Nat. Hist, (1862) I. 1W. iii.
423 Mr. Buffon distinguishes this species into two kinds.
mae R. Knox Cloguet’s Anat. 690 The branches which the
ial artery gives to the forearm are distinguished into
anterior, posterior, external, and internal.
3. To mark as different or distinct; to separate
(things, or one thing /rom another) by distinctive
marks; to indicate the difference of or between; to
make or constitute a difference in, to differentiate.
: 1576 Freminc Panopi, Epist. 236 Every several Epistle
is “ps yoy with this mark (*). x61 Biste 7ransi.
Pref. By the first [Ciuilitie] we are distinguished from
bruit-beasts led by sensualitie. 1638 Sir T. Hersert 7'vav.
(ed. 2) 228 To tincture their nailes and faces with vermillion,
serving .. to a in them from the vulgar sort. 1781
Grsson Dec?. & F. III. 64 The deaths of his two rivals were
distinguished only by the difference of their characters.
1876 J. Parker Paraci. 1. xvi. 250 ‘he ‘manifestation of
the Spirit’. .distinguishes human life from all other creature-
dom below it.
b. To mark, as a distinctive mark or character
does ; to be a characteristic of ; to characterize.
1600 J. Pory tr. Leo’s Africa 1. 3 Mount Atlas .. begin-
neth westward at that place, where it distinguisheth the
Ocean by the name of Atlanticus, 1662 J. Davies tr.
Olearius’ Voy. Ambass. 206 Square stones ., set up-an-end,
to distinguish the Graves of private Persons. 1780 Harris
Philol. «Wks. (1841) 456 Different portions of this age [the
dark age] have been distinguished by different descriptions ;
such as Seculum Monotheleticum, Seculum Ei lasti-
cum, &c. 1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. I. 321 He.. was dis-
tinguished by many both of the good and of the bad quali-
ties which belong to aristocrats,
4. To récognize as distinct or different; to sepa-
rate mentally (things, or one thing from another) ;
to perceive or note the difference between (things) ;
to draw a distinction between.
1561 T. Norton Calvin's /nst. 11. 192 Can true repentance
stande without faythe? No, But though they can not be
seuered, yet they must be distinguished. 590 Suaks.
Com. Err. 1. i. 53 Two goodly sonnes .. the one so like the
other, As-could not be distinguish’d but by names. 1684
R. H. School Recreat. 88 Endeavour to distinguish the
Notes of a Peal of Bells, one from another while Ringing,
13 Berketey Hylas & P. ut. Wks. 1871 I. 322, I can
distinguish gold, for example, from iron. 1809 Wr. Saving
527
Knickerb. m. ix. (1849) 191 It is scarcely possible to distin-
guish the truth from the fiction. 1887 Max Mutter Sc. 7h.
29 That very common error that things which can be dis-
tinguished can therefore claim an independent existence.
+b. To make a distinction in or with respect
to; esf., in scholastic use, to draw distinctions be-
tween various meanings of (a word or statement) ;
hence, to do away, or out of, bring zn¢o (something)
by making subtle distinctions. Ods.
158 J. Bett Haddon's Answ. Osor. 168b, I deny the
Major of this Argument. Inthe Minor I distinguish this
word Necessitie. /47d. 186 So doe the schoolemen expound,
and distinguishe it. 1643 Mitton Divorce u. xi. Wks. 1738
I. 196 That Proverbial Sentence. . which also the Peripatetics
do rather distinguish than deny. 16 2 Locke 7oleration
iv. Wks. 1727 III. 465 You have distinguish’d yourself into
a false Retreat. 1703 De For Let. to How in Misc. 328
‘That..they be not distinguish’d out of their Reason and
Religion by the Cunning and Artifice of Words. 1748
Ricuarpson Clarissa (1811) I. viii. 54 ‘Thus by subtilty and
cunning aiming to distinguish away my duty.
e. To separate as a distinct item.
1866 Rocers Agric. & Prices 1. xxi. 530 Items which used
to be distinguished are lumped in one general sum. 1885
Times (Weekly ed.) 6 Mar. 14/1 To consider whether the
cost of the railway could be distinguished from the other
expenditure,
5. To perceive distinctly or clearly (by sight,
hearing, or other bodily sense) ; to ‘ make out’ by
looking, listening, etc. ; to recognize.
1593 Suaxs. Lucy. 1785 No man could distinguish what
he said. 1605 — Lear iv. vi. 215 Euery one heares that,
which can distinguish sound, 1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's
Trav. 249 We saw the form of a body covered with linnen,
without being able to distinguish more. 1726 Adv. Caft.
R. Boyle 31 When they were near enough, I could distin-
guish them to be three handsome Women. 1791 Mrs. Rav-
cLirFE Lom. Forest i, He distinguished the voices of men
in the room above. 1856 Sir B. Bropie Psychol. Ing. 1. v.
182 An eagle..can distinguish objects at a distance at
which they would be to us altogether imperceptible.
6. To single out, notice specially ; to pay parti-
cular attention to, honour with special attention.
arch,
1607 Davies 1st Let. to Earl Salisbury (1787) 228 My Lord-
Deputy .. did presently distinguish the business that was to
be done. 1702 Rowe 7amer/, Ded., I cannot help Distin-
guishing the last Instance very particularly. 1748 CHESTERF.
Lett, (1792) II. cli. 35 His Polish Majesty has distinguished
you. I hope you received that mark of distinction with
respect and with steadiness. 1779 Jounson Let. fo A/rs.
Thrale 6 Apr., Do not let new friends supplant the old ;
they who first distinguished you have the best claim to your
attention. 1848 Dickens Dombey 363 If [they] would do
him the honour to look at a little bit of a shrubbery. .they
would distinguish him very much. 1851 Ruskin Sfoxes
Ven. (1874) I. Pref. ii. r2 The work of the Marchese Sel-
vatico is .. to be distinguished with respect.
7. To make prominent, conspicuous, remarkable,
or eminent in some respect. (In the quots. from
Dryden, involving the notion of adornment ; cf.
Distinct a. 4.) Now usually veff. or pass.
1600 J. Pory tr. Leo’s Africa u. 376 Nature having dis-
tinguished it with rivers, harbours and most commodious
baies. a @ Dryden State /nnoc. w. i, The ruddy fruit, dis-
tinguished o’er with gold. 1700 — Cymon & [ph. 96 Not
more distinguished by her purple vest Than by the charming
features of her face. 1741 Cuesterr. Le/t. (1792) I. Ixxiv.
205 At dinner his awkwardness distinguishes itself particu-
larly. 1776 Gipson Dec?. §& FI. xiii. 268 He had distin-
guished himself on every frontier of the empire. 1823 LAMB
Elia Ser. 1. Poor Relation, A peculiar sort of sweet pudding
. distinguished the days of his coming. 1881 J. Russetn
Haigs vy. 108 Robert Haig distinguished himself in the
battle by taking Lord Evers a prisoner.
II. Intransitive senses.
8. To make or draw a distinction ; to perceive
or note the difference between things; to exercise
discernment ; to discriminate. a. adsol. (in quot.
1647, with clause.)
1612 Bacon Ess., Studies (Arb.) 13 If his Wit be not Apt
to distinguish or find differences, let him Study the Schoole-
men, 1647 SaLtmarsu Spark. Glory Ep. Ded. (1847) 7 Dis-
tinguishing to ye, that their Ordination was from the Bishops,
as Ministers, not as Bishops, 1825 Coeripce Aids Refi.
xxvi. (1836) 22 It isa dull and obtuse mind that must divide in
order to distinguish ; but it is a still worse, that distinguishes
in order to divide, 1861 Maine Anc. Lawiii. (1876) 52 The
propensity to distinguish characteristic of a lawyer.
b. with detween : = 4, (The usual construction.)
1604 Suaks, Oth. 1. iii. 314 Since I could distinguish be-
twixt a Benefit, and an Iniurie. 1736 Butter Axa. u1. vii.
Wks. 1874 I. 261 A capacity of distinguishing between truth
and falsehood, 1879 Hartan Zyesight v. 64 A locomotive
engineer who cannot distinguish between red and green,
does not know the difference between danger and safety.
te. Zo distinguish of: to make distinctions
with regard to (something), es. in scholastic use
(=4b); to perceive or note the difference between
(things) =4, 8b; to judge of, discriminate between.
To distinguish upon: to make (scholastic or subtle)
distinctions with regard to. Ods.
@1592 H. Smirx Wes. (1866-7) I. 97 To defend usury, they
distinguish upon it, as they distinguish of lying. As they
say, there is a pernicious lie, and an officious lie, and a merry
lie, and a godly lie} so [etc.]. 7593 Suaks. 2 Hen. V7, 11.
i. 129 Sight may distinguish of Colours: But suddenly to
nominate them all, it is impossible. 1646 H. Lawrence
Comm. Angells 177 They have a certaine taste .. by which
they can distinguish of food. 1650 FuLLER Pisgah 1. vi. 14
The term navigable must be distinguished on. 1703 Rules
o Civility 124 Able to judge and distinguish of Stiles,
DISTINGUISHED.
+9. intr. (for reff.) To become distinguished or
differentiated. Ods. rare.
1649 Jer. Taytor Gt. Exemp. 199 (L.) The little embryo
«first distinguishes into a little knot, and that in time will
be the heart, and then into a bigger bundle.
Distinguishable (distingwifab’l), a. [f. prec.
+-ABLE,] .
1. Capable of being distinguished, separated, or
discriminated from others or from one another;
of which the difference can be perceived or noted.
1597 Hooker cc, /’ol. v. li. § 1 Vhey are by these their
seuerall properties. .distinguishable from each other, 167%
Mitton ?. Ay ut. 424 A race..distinguishable scarce From
Gentils, but by circumcision. 1739 Hume Hum. Nature i.
vii. (1874) 1. 326 Whatever objects are different are distin-
guishable. 1859 Gro. Exior A. Bede 29 Love of this sort is
hardly distinguishable from religious feeling. 1894 F. Hatt
in Nation (N. Y.) LVIII. 427/2 Of the intransitive faz?, in
its sense which is but slightly distinguishable from that of
depart [etc.].
2. Capable of being divided or classified accord-
ing to distinctive marks ; divisible.
1658 Sir T. Browne /ydriot. i. (1736) 8 Two Pounds of
3ones distinguishable in Skulls, Ribs, Jaws, Thigh-bones,
and ‘Teeth. a1704 Locke (J.), A simple idea..is not dis-
tinguishable into different ideas. 1844 H. H. Wutson 47,
India 1. 433 The various tenures .. [are] distinguishable into
two principal classes. 1868 M. Pattison Academ. Org. v.
122 ‘The motive and design of college foundations is distin-
guishable chronologically into three periods.
3. Capable of being perceived by the senses or
the mind ; discernible, perceptible.
161 ‘lourneuR Ath, T7rag. v. ii. Wks. 1878 I. 143 The
very least Distinguishable syllable I speake. 1651 Biccs
New Disp, ? 301 Oftentimes but a gentle breath is felt, and
sometimes scarce distinguishable. 1760 Swinron in PAzZ.
Trans. LIL. 94 A very distinguishable Mock-Sun, opposite
to the true one. 1850 Ropertson Seve, Ser. ui. i. (1872) 10
Even in slander itself, perversion as it is, the interest of man
in man is still distinguishable. 1853 Kane Grinnell Exp,
xxxi. 271 The high land .. took .. a distinguishable outline.
+4, Worthy of distinction ; eminent, remarkable,
noteworthy. Ods.
1720 WELTON Suffer. Son of God 1, Pref. 14 Distinguish-
able for their Singular and Exemplary Piety. 1740 Mrs.
M. Wuiteway Let, Pope in Swift's Whs. 1778 XVIII. 229
Extolling your genius .. or admiring your distinguishable
virtue. 1762 tr. Busching’s Syst. Geog. U1. 172 The villa
Hadriani is the most distinguishable and celebrated. 1824
L. Murray Fxg. Gram, (ed. 5) 1. 70 That which is nearly
connected with us..becomes eminent or distinguishable in
our eyes..though, in itself .. of no particular importance.
+ 5. Serving to distinguish ; distinctive. Obs. rare.
1665 Maney Grotius’ Low C. Warres 297 Clear Day-
light appearing, turned the Invention of their distinguish-
able Mark against themselves; for being thereby certainly
known, they were as certainly slain,
Hence Distinguishableness, the quality or fact
of being distinguishable.
1730-6 Baiey (folio), Distinguishableness, capableness of
being distinguished, 1893 Graphic 4 Feb. 107/1 The chief
merit of all the new coins is their distinguishableness one
from another,
Disti‘nguishably, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly2.]
In a distinguishable manner; in such a way as to
be discriminated or perceived ; perceptibly ; + emi-
nently, remarkably (oés.).
1704 in Lond. Gaz. No. 4057/2 Blessings .. which make us
distinguishably happy beyond any part of the World. 1705
Haukszee in Phil. Trans. XXV. 2175 Parts of the
Tubes. .were distinguishably Red. @ 1794 Sir W. Jones
in Asiatic Res. (1799) 1V. 264 We have both species. .in this
provinces but they melt, scarce distinguishably, into each
other.
Distinguished (disti-ngwift), A/. a. [f. Dis-
TINGUISH ¥. + -ED !.]
+1. Separate, individually distinct. Ods.
1609 Tourneur Fun. Poent Sir F. Vere 466 They want
that competent required space For ev'ry power in a distin-
guished place ‘lo work in order. 1652 Crasuaw Delights
Muses 88 She Carves out her dainty voice. . Into a thousand
sweet distinguish’d tones. 1715-20 Pope //fad x11. 99 The
forces part in five distinguish’d bands. 1813 ‘I’. Bussy
Lucretius 1, 210 Distinguished seed each separate kind
supplies.
+2. Clearly perceived or perceptible; clear, dis-
tinct ; marked, pronounced. Ods.
1700 DryDEn Fadles, Theodore & Hon. 106 The noise ..
approaching near With more distinguish’d notes invades his
ear, 1703 Rowe Udyss. 1.i. 343 Mark him from the rest with
most distinguish’d Hatred. 1782 Miss Burney Cecil/a m1.
vii, Mrs. Delvile received her with the most distinguished
politeness.
+ 3.’ Differentiated from others by character or
quality; special, distinctive, cHaracteristic. Obs,
1736 ButLer Anal. 11, vii. 376 The Jews .. appear to have
been in fact the people of God in a distinguished sense.
1794 Suttivan View Nat. 11.134 The various opinions ..
have respectively had their distinguished merits. 1813 ‘I.
Bussy Lucretius 1. Comment. vi, Amid this general praise
+. two expressions demand my distinguished notice.
4. Possessing distinction ; marked by conspicuous
excellence or eminence; remarkable, eminent ;
famous, renowned, celebrated; of high standing
(social, scientific, or other). (Formerly of ac-
tions, occasions, reputation, etc.; now almost
always of persons.)
1714 ManpevILLE Fad, Bees (1724) 178 This awing of the
multitude by a distinguished manner of living, 1724 War-
BuRTON Jvacts (1789) 20 He has now three Children ..
on whom he has bestowed the most distinguished. Educa-
DISTINGUISHEDLY.
tion. 1772 Miss Witxes Let. in Wilkes’ Corr. (1805) IV.
103 My reception here was as en ages as at Deal, and
very handsome even at Portsmouth. 1 CampBeELL
Dream vi, Worth itself is but a charter To be mankind's
beat a martyr. 1818 Jas. Mitt Brit. [ndia I. ww. v.
212 The making of a new Nabob, the most distinguished of
all occasions for presents. 1849 Macautay //ist. Zug. 1.
319 The modern country gentleman. . receives a liberal edu-
cation, passes from a distinguished school to a distinguished
college. 1894 Mrs. H. Warp A/arcedéa II, 256 Four or five
distinguished guests, including the Conservative Premier.
b. Having an air of distinction, stylish; =D1s-
Tincuk,
1748 Ricuarpson Clarissa (1811) III. 357 Known by her
clothes—her person, her features, so distinguished! 1826
Disraeu Viv. Grey 1. i. 91 Mr. Cleveland was tall and dis-
tinguished. 1873 Mrs. it. Kine Disciples, Ugo Bassi vu.
(1877) 257 He was Though far from handsome, a distin-
guished man .. an ornament Of drawing-rooms.
Comb. 1852 James Agnes Sorrel (1860) I. 225 He was a
-- distinguished-looking man. ;
i hedly (distingwiftli), adv. [f.
prec. + -LY2.] In a distinguished manner; with
distinction.
+1. Distinctly, specially, expressly. Ods.
1680 Answ. Stillingfleet's Serm. g Whether the Diocesan
Bishop be distinguishedly named. 1746 W. Horsey Fool
No. 63 P rt Then is there not any [trade] wherein the
Operators so distinguishedly disagree. 1803 in Spirit Pud,
Frnls, (1804) VIL. 155 His worth and his merits having been
the more distinguishedly ascertained.
2. In a distinguished manner; with conspicuous
or special excellence; eminently.
431745 Swirt 4 Last Years of Queen i. Wks. 1778 XII.
26 This address was presented .. and received an answer
distinguishedly gracious. 1816 Keratince 7rav. (1817)
II. 149 An intended voyage by some person distinguishedly
fitted for the undertaking. 1855 Doran //anover Queens
IL. iv. 76 There was no ship that bore herself .. more dis-
tinguis edly in the fray.
Disti‘nguisher. [f.Distincursnz. +-Er 1.]
One who or that which distinguishes, in various
senses: see the verb.
I Porter Angry Wom. Abingd. in Hazl. Dedsley VII.
67 Mine ear, sound’s true distinguisher. 1646 Sir T.
Beowne Pseud. Ep. vt. iv. 290 This distinguisher of times..
the Sun. 1763 JouNnson in Boswell £7/ 19 July,A philosopher
may know that it is merely a form of denial; but few servants
are such nice distinguishers. 1863 J. G. Murrny Com,
Gen. i. 18 The heavenly bodies become .. the distinguishers
.. of day and night .. of seasons and years.
Disti- ishing, vbl. sb. [-1nG1.] The
action of the vb. DisTINGUISH, in various senses.
1587 Gotpinc De Mornay xiv. 200 The vniting of all these
powers together is with such distinctness, and the distin-
guishing of them is with such vnion. 1650 FuLLer Pisgah
1. viii. 22 The distinguishing of this land into seven nations,
1882 Frni. Anthropol. Inst. 369 Based on the distinguishing
of differences.
Distinguishing, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG2.]
That distinguishes.
1. Constituting a difference; serving to distinguish
or mark off from others ; distinctive, characteristic ;
. sometimes in stronger sense, That renders (a per-
son, etc.) distinguished or.eminent.
1686 J. Scorr Chr. Life (1747) III. 238 Such as freely sub-
mitted themselves to the distinguishing Laws of that Com-
munion, by which they were separated from all other
Nations. 1712 Avpison Sfect. No. 279 P 4 Milton's chief
Talent, and indeed his distinguishing Excellence, lies in the
Sublimity of his Thoughts. 1995 Netson in Nicolas ae
(1845) II. 64 The command rests with me; and very probably
I shall be ordered to hoist a Distinguishing Pendant. 1893
Bookman June 85/2 It is Mr. N.’s distinguishing merit
that he knows what he can do, and .. does that efficiently.
2. That perceives differences or makes distinctions
between things; discriminating.
1697, Potrer A ntig. Greece m. iv. (1715) 48 There is scarce
any Passage in .. ancient Poetry, which does not .. disgust
their curious and distinguishing palates. 1742 RicHARDSON
Pamela 11, 244 Encomiums given me by two Ladies
of such distinguishing Judgment. 1x Trencn Mirac.
xxix. (1862) 393 He loved with a distinguishing human affec-
tion ‘ Martha, and her sister, and rus’,
+3. That confers distinction or special favour.
1670 Devout Commun. (1688) 195 The distinguishing good-
Bevo pr the great and aivGon = +. making me a reasonable
creature, his servant, his son. 1719 De For Crusoe (1840)
I. vi. 105 The distinguishing ness of the Hand which
had preserved me.
Disti ishingly, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly 2.]
In a, distinguishing manner; discriminatingly; in
a way that serves to distinguish, by wa of dis-
tinction, distinctively; markedly, specially, “emi-
nently.
a 1660 Hammonp Wks. IV. 504 (R.), If we observe distin-
| egy. 1691 Bevertey /hous. Years Kingd. Christ 4
e..
‘onstitution of the Church of England, as it is distin-
— .» Stiled. m3 4 Pore Let. to Addison 30 Jan.,
me ling me a ‘Tory, because the Heads of that
dag have been distinguishingly favourable to me. 1774
tr. Helvetius’ Child of Nature 11. 202 A man in his person
distinguishingly favoured by Nature. 1856 O-mstep Slave
States 28 [They] seemed to me to have lost all distinguish-
ingly African peculiarity of feature.
Disti-ngui [fe
hment. Now rare or Obs.
DIsTINGUISH + -MENT.]
1, The action of distinguishing or fact of being
distinguished ; distinction; also concr. something
serving. to distinguish, (Common in 17th c.)
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 47 By distinguish-
528
ment of all their i x61z Snaxs, Wint, 7.
WU. i. $s Least Bactsiane. ° cae like Language vse to
all d , And ly distinguish leaue out, Be-
twixt the Prince and Begger. 1651 Biccs New Disp. ? 297
{They] have no sexuall distinguishments. 1709 Brit. Apollo
II. Supernum. No. 6. 2/2 That one grand distinguishment
of Nature. Sixcieton Virgil iL 372 Ye progeny of
Daucus, full alike..past distinguishment By their own
parents. Jbid. 529. babe: Ns
+2. Clear discernment, distinct perception, Ods.
1642 Sir E. Derine Sf, on Relig. 86 When you can bring
the object of one sence to fall under the notion and dis-
tingujshment of another sence ; so that the eye may as well.
seea Name or sound, as the eare can heare it.
+ Disti-tle, v. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 7a + TiTLE
5b.) trans. To deprive of title ; to disentitle.
1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. ww. ii, That were the next
way to dis-title myself of honour.
| Disstoma, Disstomum. Z00/. [mod.L.,
Gaertner 1775, f. Gr. diaropos, -ov, double-mouthed,
f. &.- twice + orépa, pl. orépara mouth. The form
distoma has pl. disto'mata ; distomum, pl. distoma.
The etymological form is Distomum repr. Gr. daromov ;
Distoma as a neuter, with pl. Distomata is absurd, such a
form as dicroua, -ouara, being impossible in Gr. But Dis-
toma asa fem. of modern formation, would be admissible.]
A genus of digenetic 77ematoda, parasitic worms
or flukes, having two suckers (whence the name),
of which numerous species infest the alimentary
canal, liver, etc., of vertebrates, the best-known
being the liver-fluke (2). hepaticum) which causes
rot in sheep. It is the typical genus of the family
Distomide.
1851-60 Mayne Expos. Lex., Distoma., Zool., name of a
genus of the Entozoa Trematodea, in which there is a
sucker at the anterior extremity of the mouth, and a cup
a little posterior to it on the venter.. 1871 T. R. Jones
Anim. Kingd. (ed. 4) 158 The now tailless animal assumes
the appearance of a Distoma or fluke. 1876 tr. Wagner's
Gen. Pathol. 120 The young .. in thé distomata go through
a complicated alternate generation connected with meta-
morphosis. 1884 Public Opinion 12 Sept. 331/1 Death caused
by..distoma. 1888 Rotteston & Jackson Anim. Life 643
On the oral extremity of some species of Distomum.
attrib, 1885 W. Roperts Urinary & Kenal Dis. m. xiii.
(ed. 4) 650 We no longer doubt that the symptoms were
produced by distoma-processes. aie
Hence Disto-mian, a member of the family Dés-
tomide, or group Distomea.
1876 Beneden's Anim. Parasites 45 Worms which have
less freedom, like the Distomians, are sometimes both mess-
mates and parasites. ;
matous (distpmates), a [f. mod.L.
distoma, -mat-, or its elements (see prec.) + -OUS.]
Having two mouths or suckers; belonging to the
genus Distoma of parasitic worms,
1 Huxtey Anat. /nv. Anim. iv. 204 The two lateral
projections, characteristic of Distomatous Redia, appear.
+ Disto‘mb, v. Obs. rare. [Dis-7.] érans.
To take out of the tomb, to disentomb.
1628 GauLe Pract. The. (1629) 423 His power and vertue..
doth distombe him.
me (di'stoum). [a. F. déstome, ad. mod.
L. distoma: see above.] An anglicized form of
DISTOMA.
1876 Beneden's Anim. Parasites 84 An Egyptian distome,
which lives in Man. 1888 Rotteston & Jackson Anim,
Life 648 Von Linstow met with in Gammarus Pulex a
Distome encysted, a single Distome in each cell.
+ Disto-ned, fa. pple. Obs. rare. [as if from
a verb *distone: cf. obs. F. destonner ‘to change
or alter a tune’ (Cotgr.).] Rendered out of tone
or tune; inharmonious.
¢1400 Rom. Rose 4248 Discordaunt ever fro armonye And
distoned from melodie.
Distoor, var. form of DrsTour.
Distorn (distg1n), oat pple. rare. [f. Dis- 1
+torn, pa. pple. of TEAR v.] Torn off, severed
by tearing.
1859 Masson Brit. Novelists iv. 277 Carrying in it some
obscure ideas .. of the infinity whence it feels itself distorn,
+ Disto-rque, v. Obs. rare—°. [ad. L. distor-
qué-re; see Disrort.]
1623 Cocxeram, Distorgued, wrested.
uement. Ods. rare. [f. as prec.
4 -MENT. rithing, contortion.
1627-47 Fevtuam Resolves 1. \xi, 188 Like the distorque-
ments of a departed Conscience,
+ Disto'rt, p//. a. Obs.
pple. of distorguére: see next.
which it may have been view
form) ; wry, awry.
1588 J. Reap Com, . Method 66 Of the curing of a
distort foote of a childe. 1596 Spenser /. Q. v. xii. 36 Her
face was ugly, and her mouth distort. 1605 A, Warren Se/-
JSishness World in Farr S. P. Fas. J (1848) 82 Thus I... Home-
ward convert a distort countenance. H, More Song
of Soul i. 1, 1xx, With monki’s mouth distort.
rt (distput), v. [f. L. déstort- ppl. stem
of distorqguére to twist different ways, distort, f.
Dis- 1 + torguére to twist: cf. Exrorr.}
+1. vans. ‘To twist, wrench, or turn to one side,
or out of the straight position, Oés.
1631 Donne Litany (R.), What distorted thee, And
interrupted evenness with fits. 1646 Sir T, Browne Psexud.
Ep. i, xx156 If you dip a pen in Aqua fortis. .and:present it
towards these points, they will, .decline the acrimony thereof,
[ad. L. distort-us, pa.
Distorted (of
as a shortened
DISTORTION,
retyring or distorting them to avoid it. ¢ Gav Birth of
Seer
Dorie neces inrkalchieetinn
[o put out of shape or position by twisting or
drawing awry; to change to an unnatural shape;
to render crooked, unshapely, or deformed.
1634 [see Distorrep]. 1751 Jounson Rombler WE. 173P1
Any action or p e, lon; -. the
lim! Marevat Faphet \xxiv, His features were dis-
torted with extreme pain. 1860 ‘T'ynpaut G/ac. 1. i. 5 The
fossils i i e-rocks are distorted in shape.
fossil in
b. To alter the shape of any figure without de-
stroying continuity, as by altering its angles; to
represent by an image in which the angles or pro-
portions of parts are altered, as by a convex
mirror.
1812-6 J. Smirn Panorama Sc. & Art 1. 429 A large
object, seen through a lens which is very convex, appears
more or less distorted. 1821 Suettey Prometh. Und. wv. 383
A many sided mirror, Which could distort to many a shape
oferror, Mod. A mirror which distorts the features.
3. fig. To give a twist or erroneous turn to (the
mind, thoughts, views) ; to pervert or misrepresent
(statements, facts).
¢ 1586 C’ress Pemproxe Ps. cvu. xv, You whose conceites
distorted be, Stand mute amazed at the sight. 1665 GLan-
VILL Scepsts Sci. xix. 118 Words. .distorted from their com-
mon use, and known significations. 1736 Burter Anad.t.v.
Wks. 1874 I. 108 Both self-love and particular affections ..
distort and rend the mind. 1828 D'Israe.i Chas. /, 1. Pref. 5
To establish a pre-conceived theory .. the historian some-
times distorted facts. 1837 Wuewett Hist. Induct. Sc.
I. 58 The caprices of imagination distort our impressions.
+4. intr, (for ref.) To become twisted or out of
shape. Obs. rare.
1680 Otway C. Marius v. ii, Old Ancharius. .was so violent
.. That his beard bristled, and his face distorted.
Hence Disto‘rting vd/. sb. and fel. a.
1610 Br. CarLeton Yurisd. 302 Which distorting of Scrip-
tures is expresly censured by the said learned men. 1819
Suetey Cenci wv. i. 147 As From a distorting mirror. 1874
L. Sternen Hours in Library (1892) Il. 1. 5 Imperfect
images refracted through. .distorting media,
Distorted, #//. a. [f. prec. vb. + -ED1!.]
1. Twisted out of shape; drawn awry; made
crooked ; represented with parts out of proportion,
like the shadows falling obliquely on a surface.
1634 Hasincton Castara (Arb.) 130 He who's lifted up by
vice Hath a neighb’ring precipice Dazeling his distorted eye.
1715-20 Pore /éiad xvi. 480 Wide with distorted legs
chhawe he goes. 1836 H. Cotertpce North. Worthies
Introd. Ess. (1852) 26 To..represent the opinions. .not in the
distorted perspective of their adversaries, Dickens
Nich, Nick. ii, He had fixed his eyes upon a di ed fir-
tree.
2. fig. Turned awry; twisted, wrested.
1641 Mitton Ch. Govt. Pref. (1851) 96 The dis-
torted apprehension of decay'd mankinde. H. More
Myst, Inig. 448 You see how distorted .. his ition
is to the Tost 1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) 111. 411 The
fifth depends upon a distorted authority, and vi as-
sumption,
Hence Disto'rtedly adv. ; Disto‘rtedness.
1684 H. More Answer 407 There is not the least Incon-
gruity or distortedness in Mr. Mede's way. 21688 Cupwortn
Immut. Mor, w. iv. (R.) To what purpose should they so
violently and distortedly pervert the natural order? 1831
Blackw. Mag. XXX. 1004 A_ glass that..would shew
objects distortedly as well as — — L. Ovtenant
Sympneumata x. 152 The sad dist that she
inherited in entering this world.
Distorter (distj-tor). [f. Disrorrv. +-ERx1.]
One who or that which distorts. ee
in Craic. 1-60 Mayne Expos, Lex., Distortor,
Fy Book or ditonen, Med. Bigotry f'n dlatarter of the
mental vision,
Distortion (distf-1fon). [ad. L. déstortion-em,
n. of action f. distorguére to Distort. Cf. F. dis-
torsion (Paré, 16th c.).] ‘
1. The action of distorting, or condition of being
distorted, or twisted awry or out of shape ; sfec. a
condition of the body or any limb, in which it is
twisted out of the natural ans
1581 Mutcaster Positions xxi. (1887) 4 The distortion or
writhing of the mouth, Wirner Mistr. Philar.
(1633) 622 Her dainty mouth [is] composed So as there is no
distortion Mis! mes that sweet proportion, Rew
Inquiry vi. § 10. 152 They had never observed
of this kind in the eyes of children. 1804 Anernetny Surg,
=. 202, I — —_ ive 0 ite te Wales Iie axe
9) e EDWIN + 215
Teast” diseution ptaliy knowe: tp he ion of
club-foot. 1887 G. H. Darwin in Fortn. Rev. Feb. 266
Earthquake waves consist..of waves or vibrations of com-
pression, and of distortion.
b. Math. and Optics. Any chi of shape not
involving breach of continuity, as the distortion of
a circle into an oval, or that of a rectangle into a
rhombus or rhomboid by alteration of the angles,
lengthening or curving of certain lines, etc. !
1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. IV. 333/1 Refractive aberra-
Some or in other words mint ay » is — to be 4
nses, producing images wherein nes are
sented as bulged inwards or outwards. 1885 OsBorNE
Reynotps in Proc. Brit. Assoc, 898 The susceptibility of
such a medium for a state in which the two sets of grains
are in conditions of opposite distortions,
c. concr. A distorted form or i
1820 Suettey Witch of Atlas ey
forms of sleep she saw. . Distortions
But other troubled
of supernatural awe,,
DISTORTIONAL.
18g Nicnot Archit. Heav. 59 Instead of an image of the
object, will yield only a distortion. 1867 A. Barry Sir C.
Barry vii. 244 Some remains of the objectionable distortion
at the entrance from S. Stephen's Hall. | :
2. A temporary twist awry, a twisting or writhing
movement; a contortion,
1718 Prior Powe? 65 By his distortions he reveals his pains,
* aca Rambler No. 188 ® 4 What the Latins call,
A gy rdinian Laughter, a distortion of the face without
gladness of heart. E
3. fig. The twisting or perversion of words so as
to give to them a different sense; perversion of
opinions, facts, history, so as to misapply them.
R. Hotuincwortu Exerc, Usurped Powers 51 Having
vindicated this passage. .from this authors distortion. 1745
Westey Answ. Ch. 37 What a frightful Distortion of my
Words is this? 1849 Macautay Hist, Eng. Il. 317 To
bring together .. by fraudulent distortions of law, an as-
sembly which might call itself a parliament. 1874 L.
Srernen Hours in Library (1892) I. vii. 246 He will be
amused at the distortion of history.
Hence Disto'rtional a., of or pertaining to dis-
tortion; Disto‘rtionist, one who practises or
professes distortion: a. a caricaturist ; b. one who
professionally distorts his body.
1864 Sat. Rev. 5 Nov. 563 Bunbury .. was a mere cari-
caturist, or distortionist. 1885 OsporNne Reynotps in Prec.
Brit. Assoc. 898 ‘The transmission of distortional waves be-
comes possible if the medium be composed of small grains
with large grains interspersed. 1886 Pad Mall G. 6 Aug.
13/2 They play the réle of distortionists .. Their object is to
draw money from the public by their piteous and excruciat-
ing positions.
Disto'rtive, «. [f. L. distort- ppl. stem +
-IVE; cf. L. ¢ortiv-us.] Having the quality of
distorting ; producing or tending to distortion.
1823 Scoressy Whale Fishery 166 The ships in the north-
west .. were .. subject to a distortive influence ; these ap-
ared ,, elevated by refraction, like oblong black streaks,
ngthened out. /dzd. 168 In its distortive effect.
|| Disto-rtor. Anat. [med.L. distortor a dis-
torter (Du Cange).] (In full d’stortor orts), aname
for the Zygomaticus minor muscle of the mouth,
which distorts the face in latffhter, etc.
173t Baizey vol. II., Dis¢orfor, a muscle of the mouth,
the same as Zygomaticus. [In mod. Dicts.]
+Distorture. Ods. [f. Disrort v. + -uRE;
after ¢orture.] = Distortinc, Distortion.
1613 Jackson Creed 1. xxiii. § 3. 398 The infernal [z.». in-
ternal] distortyre of their proud affections. 1709 Answ.
Sacheverell’s Serm.11 A Distorture of Words to a new Sense.
Distourble, var. DistuRBLE v. Obs.
Distra‘ct, 7//. a. arch. [ad. L. déstract-us,
pa. pple. of distrahére to draw in different direc-
tions, pull asunder, f. Dis- 1 + ¢rahéve to draw,
cag: See also the earlier Disrrair from Fr.]
+1. Torn or drawn asunder, divided, separated ;
scattered ; torn to pieces. (In quot. 1398 as Za.
pple.) Obs.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. 1x. xxv. (1495) 362 That
the vertues that ben dystracte, sparplyd and made feble by
daye wakyng maye be joynyd and rested by benefyce of
nyghte. cx1400 Destr. Troy 3219 Distracte were pai stithly,
& stonyt by dene. 1591. Suaks, Lover's Compl. 231 To
your audit comes Their distract parcels in combined sums.
2. Drawn away, diverted; having the attention
diverted. Ods.
2435 Misyn Five of Love 73 Pat with no cry or noys or
any odyr binge fro prayer [pai] may be distracte. “1514
Barciay Cyt. & Uplondyshm. (Percy) p. xlv, The hungr
sewers.,At euery morsell hath eye unto thy-hande So muc
on thy morsell distract is their minde. 1553 Be. Watson in
Crowley Soph. Dr. Watson ii. (1569) 151 The priest..may
haue his thoughtes distract to some other thing.
3. Perplexed or confused in mind by having the
thoughts drawn in different directions. arch.
a1340 Hamrote Psalter xxiv. 17, I am noght distracte
in —. thoghtes. 1432-50 tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 421 He..
see in the aiere a meruellous thynge thro the whiche si3hte
he began to be distracte.
1887) 31 Being distracte with diuersitie of thoughtes. 1671
ILTON Samson 1556, 1 recover breath, And sense distract,
to know well what I utter. 1854 Syp. Dosett Balder
xxiii. 96 She flung her garlands down, and caught, distract,
The skirts of passing tempests.
4, Deranged in mind; crazy, mad, insane. arch.
1481 Will of Taylour (Somerset Ho.), For seke & distracte
people, 1578 Lyte Dodoens mt. xciil. 448 To raue, and
waxe distracte or furious. x60 Suaxs. ¥ud. C. 1v. iii. 15.
With this she fell distract, And (her Attendants absent
Swallow’d fire. 1663 Butter Hud. 1. i. 212 More peevish,
cross, and splenetick Than Dog distract. 2779 SHERIDAN
Critic m. i, My daughter. .has gone Distract
+b. as pa. pple. Driven mad, distracted. Obs.
1547 J. Harrison Exhort. Scottes 227 What madnes or
deuill. hath so. .distracte oure myndes
+¢. phr. Distract of one’s wits, etc.: cf. Dis-
TRACT v. 6b. Ods.
1470-85 Matory Arthur xu. iv, He shold be distracte
out of his witte, 1576 Newton Leminie's Complex. (1633)
242 They that be distract of their right wits. 1578 Lyte
Dodoens ut. xxvi. 352 Melampus .. cured with this herbe
«the daughters of Preetus, which were distract of their
memories. x60r F. Gopwin Bfs. of Eng. 275 Rauing and
taking on like a man distract of his wits.
(distreekt), v. [f. L. déstract- ppl.
stem of distrahére: see prec. As in many other
verbs, the pa. pple. distract, repr. L. distractus,
was in use before the finite vb., and with its ex-
Vou, IT,
1581 Mutcaster Positions v.
529
panded form distracted, prob, served to introduce
the verb into use.]
+1. ¢razs. To draw in different directions; to
draw asunder or apart ; to draw away ; to separate,
divide (Zit, and fig.). Ods.
1600 E, Biount tr. Conestaggio 20 The which he secretly
feared, and his ministers greatly hoped for, so were their
mindes distracted. 1609 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. (1614)
646 His Godhead was never distracted eyther from soule or
bodie. 1621 G. Sanpys Ovsa's Met. vi. (1626) 117 [Aarsyas
to Apollo] Why doe you (oh!) me from my selfe distract ?
1650 Butwer Anthropomet. 164 Whereby the Scapula is
distracted and abscedes. 165x Hoses Leviath. 1. xvii. 86
Being distracted in opinions.
+b. To carry away to other parts; to disperse.
16.. R. ASHLEY Comfarison, &c., I found the treatise to bee
so well liked, that the former copies were for the most part
alreadie distracted. 1617 Moryson //ix. 11. u1. iii. 88 At Torg,
where the best beere is brewed, and from thence distracted
to other Cities. 1618 Hates Gold. Rem. (1688) 402 Foreign
Books brought out of other Countries should not be dis-
tracted here without peculiar leave. @1661 Futter Worthies
(1840) II. 415 The wits of the university were distracted
into several counties, by reason of the plague therein.
2. To rend into parts or sections; to divide ;
usually implying disorder or disintegration. Now
rare or Obs,
1585 App. SAnDys Ser. (1841) 380 A kingdom .. divided
and distracted into factions. 1623 BincHam Xenophon 108
The army of the Grecians [was] distracted into parcells.
1655 Staniey Hist. Philos, 11. (1701) 124/2 Philosophers
who did not distract the Doctrine of their Master into Sects.
1698 Fryer Acc. E. Judia §& P. 350 The Power was dis-
tracted among the Captains of the Conqueror. [1888 Pad/
Mall G. 6 Oct. 6 The subject had to be distracted between
two discussions.]
tb. fig. To ‘pull to pieces’, undo, spoil. Ods.
1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton) u. xlvi. (1859) 52 Yet is my
ioye in so moche dystracted that thou are not ther. 1695
Lp. Preston Boeth, 11. 143 By dissevering and segregating
the Parts, that Oneness is distracted.
3. To draw or turn away from actual position,
destination, or purpose; to turn aside, or in an-
other direction; to divert. (Now only in’/o dis-
tract the attention, the mind, or the like.)
¢1380 Wyctir Sed, Wks, III. 84 We schulden be war to
kepe hem soundeli, for bodeli pingis distractib men to kepe
hem riz3t. 1435 Misyn Jive of Love 65 On ee pai haue of
waytynge, A-nodyr of trw sorow, qwhos lufe distractis pe
wytt, peruertis & ouerturnes resone. 1612 W. Suure tr.
Fougasse’s Venice ii. 12 They might easily .. distract him
from the alliance with the French King. 1643 PryNne
Sov. Power Parl. App. 166 The Emperour .. swears, That
he will alianate, distract, or morgage nothing of those
things which appertain to the Empire. 1646 Sir T. Browne
Pseud. Ep. i. \i. 62 The needle.. being distracted, driveth
that way where the greater & powerfuller part of the earth
is placed. 1744 AkeNsIpE Pleas. Imag. 1. 52 Vice, distract-
ing their delicious gifts To aims abhorr’d. 1874 CARPENTER
Ment. Phys.i. v. 6870) 214 [This] distracts the mind from
the sense of danger. 1878 ke. W. Date Lect. Preach. ii. 35
To drive away all thoughts that would distract their atten-
tion.
4. To draw in different directions; to divide
attention, inclination, etc. (defween different ob-
jects) ; to perplex or confuse by divergent aims
or interests; to cause dissension or disorder in.
(In mod. use often associated with senses 5, 6.)
1597-8 Bacon L£ss., Followers & Friends (Arb.) 38 To be
gouerned by one is not good, and to be distracted with
many is worse; but to take aduise of friends is euer
honorable. 1638 Sir T, Hersert 7 av. (ed. 2) 216 Hee
that sits above .. distracted their designe. 1650 FULLER
Pisgah u. 65 How is his tongue distracted between the
Spirit of God and the spirit of gold. 1752 Jouxson Ram-
bler No. 196 ® 4 He stands distracted by different forms
of delight. 1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. I. 542 The dissen-
sions by which the little band of outlaws was distracted.
1855 /ézd. 1V. 555 He was distracted between the fear of
losing his ears and the fear of injuring his patron. 187.
Green Short Hist. vii. § 8. 432 One of the endless cit
wars which distracted the island, ;
5. To throw into a state of mind in which one
knows not how to act; to perplex or bewilder
greatly. (Often coloured by sense 6, which is,
however, no longer used literally.)
1583 Stanynurst 4veis ii. (Arb.) 53 Thus then I dis-
tracted, with al hastning, ran to mye weapons. 1605
Suaks. Macé. 11. iii, 109 They star’d, and were distracted.
1667 Mitton P. LZ, 1v. 18 Horror and doubt distract His
troubl’d thoughts. 1771 Mrs. Grirritu tr. Viaud’s Ship-
wreck 198, I was so distracted with joy. 1856 Dickens
Lett. (1880) I. 434, I am at present distracted with doubts.
6. To derange the mind or intellect of; to
render insane, drive mad. Ods. in Zit. sense: cf. 5.
1597 Suaks. 2 Hen. IV, 1. i. 116 This is a poore mad
soule,.pouerty hath distracted her. 1653 DororHy Osporne
Lett. to Sir W. Temple xvii. (1888) 97 Sure, the poor woman
is a little distracted, she could never be so ridiculous else.
1777 SHERIDAN 77/p Scard. 1. i, Stay—thou'lt distract me.
1791 Cowrer //iad xxu. 66 Commis’rate also thy unhappy
Sire Ere yet distracted.
b. phr. Zo distract of one’s wit, etc. Obs.
x602 T. Firznersert Afol. 27a, He dyed distracted of
his sences. 1632 Lirucow 7vav. vu. 355 Seeing them all
madde and distracted of their wits with sorrow. 1633 Br.
Hatt Hard Texts 88 The view and sense of those judg-
ments. .shall utterly distract thee of thy wits.
te. intr. To become distracted, go mad,
Obs. rare.
1768 Ross Helenore 15 (Jam.) Like to distract, she..Cry’d
Lindy, Lindy, waes me, are ye dead? te
DISTRACTILE,
§'7. = Derract: cf. Distracrer, D1stRac-
TION 7.
+ Distra‘ct, 5d. Obs. rare. [f. prec. vb.] A
distraction.
1624 Quartes Div, Poems, Fob xv. ili, The man, whose
soule is undistain’d with Ill, Stands onely free from the
distracts of Care, 1632 — Div. Fancies 1. vi. (1660) 4
False hopes, true fears, vain joyes, and fierce distracts.
Distracted (distrektéd), A/.a. [f. Disrracr
v. + ED 1,]
+1. Drawn apart, rent asunder; divided. Ods.
1598 Fiorio, Distratto, withdrawne, distracted, led away.
1600 J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa 1. 2 Europe is of a more dis-
tracted and manifolde shape. 1601 Suaxs. Adl’s Well v.
iii. 35 To the brightest beames Distracted clouds giue way.
1631 GouGe Goa’s Arrows iii. § 95. 365 Henry 7 .. married
Elizabeth the heire of the house of Yorke, and therby
united those two distracted houses. 1642 Futter //oly &
Prof. St. v. xv. 418 By putting together distracted sylla-
bles, and by piecing of broken sentences.
2. Driven hither and thither; agitated, disturbed,
‘troubled’. Ods. exc. as fig. from senses 3-5.
1632 Lirucow 7'rav. x. 505 ‘Vhere is a certaine place of
sea, where these destracted tydes make their rancountering
Randevouze. 1925 Phil. Trans, XX XIII. 427 Hard Gales
of southerly Winds, attended with violent Squalls of Rain,
and a distracted Sea. a184§ Hoop Forge 1. vi, Badly,
madly, the vapours fly Over the dark distracted sky.
3. Mentally drawn to different objects; perplexed
or confused by conflicting interests; torn or dis-
ordered by dissension or the like.
a 1633 Austin Afedit. (1635) 87 Having (according to my
weake facultie, and distracted Studies) set downe what
I thought most..observable. 1799 F. Hervey Nav. Hist. II.
140 To settle the distracted affairs of that kingdom, Crom-
well was appointed lord-lieutenant. 1821 Lams /éa Ser. 1.
Grace bef. Meat, Savoury soup and messes .. moistening
the lips of the guests with desire and a distracted choice.
4. Much confused or troubled in mind; having,
or showing, great mental disturbance or per-
plexity.
1602 SHaks. Ham. 1. v. 97 Remember thee? I.. while
memory holds a seate In this distracted Globe, 1607 —
Timon 1. iv.115 You onely speake from your distracted
soule. 1667 Drypen Jud. Emperor i. ii, Where shall
a Maid’s distracted Heart find Rest? 1822 New Edin.
Rev. No. 3. 109 He bent over her, chiefly to hide her dis-
tracted countenance. 1857 Buckie Civiliz, I. vi. 304 ‘The
minds of men were too distracted for so deliberate a plan.
5. Deranged in mind; out of one’s wits;
crazed, mad, insane. Now vzarve in literal sense,
exc. in such expressions as ‘ like one distracted ’.
1590 Suaks. Com, Err. v. i. 39 ‘To fetch my poore dis-
tracted husband hence. 1657 Howett Londinop. 65 It
[Bethlem]) was an Hospital for distracted people. 1719 De
For Crusoe (1840) II. v. 107 They ran about..like distracted
men. 1728 Newton Chronol. Amended i. 142 Athamas..
went distracted and slew his son. 1740 Gray Let. Poems
(1775) 95 The latter died distracted. 1772 SHERIDAN in
heridaniana (1826) 38, I was in short almost distracted.
Distra‘ctedly, adv. [f. prec. + -1y2.] In
a distracted manner; + disjointedly (ods.); with
mental distraction, madly, like one distracted.
1597 Suaks. Lover's Compl. 28 To euery place at once
and no where fixt, The mind and sight distractedly commixt.
16or — wel. N. u. ii. 22 She did speake in starts dis-
tractedly. 1608 T. Morton Pream. Encounter 105 The
whole being .. distractedly quoted. 1715 JANE BARKER
Exilius U1. 39 Seeing him fall by her Hand, she cry’d out
most distractedly. 1749 FreLpinc 7om Younes xiv. iv, You
have made her daughter distractedly in love with you. 1837
Cartyte Fr. Rev. I. mt. vi. (1872) 81 Monseigneur .. does
nothing but walk distractedly..cursing his stars. 1870
Disrarit Lothwir iv. 10 He was so distractedly fond of
Lady Montairy.
Distra‘ctedness. [f. as prec.+-nrss.] The
condition of being distracted.
1580 SIDNEY Arcadia (1622) 327 A martiall noyse (raysed
by the violence of Inuaders, and distractednesse of others).
a 1691 Boye Life Wks, I. 41 (R.) The present distracted-
ness of my mind.
Distra‘cter. [f. Disrracr v, + -Er1.] One
who or that which distracts. In quot.: Something
that detracts (from): cf. DistRact v. 7.
1653 H. More Conject. Cabbal. Pref. (1662) 3 Such In-
spiration..is no distracter from, but an accomplisher and
an enlarger of the humane faculties.
+ Distra‘ctful, 2. Ods. [f. Distractr sd, or
v. + -FUL.] Full of or fraught with distraction.
Hence } Distra‘ctfulness. ;
1636 Hevwoov-Loves Maistresse 11. Wks. 1874 V. 130
Thanke thy sisters, they apparrell’d thee In that distractfull
shape. @1640 J. Batt Power Godlines (1657) 133 When
they want comfort they fall into heavy dumps, and dis-
tractfulness. 1746 Moret, ¥udas Macc. 1. 6 Distractful
Doubt and Desperation, Ill become the chosen Nation.
Distra’ctible, «. [f. as next + -IBLE.]
Capable of being distracted.
1730-6 Batey (folio), Distractib/e(in Surgery) capable of
bong drawn aside. Hence 1775 in Asx.; and in mod.
icts.
+ Distra‘ctile, a. Ods. [f. L. distract-, ppl.
stem of dzstrahére to pull asunder + -ILE; cf. mod.
F. distractile in Bot, (Littré).] .
Capable of being drawn asunder or stretched, ex-
tensible; of or relating to stretching. (Cf. con-
tractile.) In Bot. applied by Richard to anthers
in which the cells are separated by a very long and
narrow connective. ;
67*
DISTRACTING.
530
My little affairs are in such distraction till I can eome to
1709 F. Hauxsnee Phys. Mech. Exp. v. (ed. 2) 117 These
distractile Tubes will 4 com “1 by that i b
Weight. 1726 Monro Amat. Nerves (1741) 36 Muscular
Fibres are distractile, or capable of being stretched. 1747
Lanorisu Muscular Motion i. § 31 in Phil. Trans. XLIV.,
This distractile Power must..be the Occasion of some
Degree of Tension in them. 1835 Linptey /mtrod. Bot.
(284 8) I. 343 In Salvia..the connective has been called by
ic
istractile.
, vol. sb.
Distra‘cting [f. Disrracr v. +
. ; : :
-nG!,] The action of Disrracr v.; distraction.
cx4g0 Hytton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) 1. xliii, To
holde hym wythout forgetyng, distractyng or lettyng of ony
creature. 1660 Mitton Free Commrw. 451 To the retarding
and distracting oft times of thir Counsels.
i ‘eting, //.a. [f. as prec. + -ING 2.]
That distracts; bewildering, maddening.
1632 Litucow 7rav. 1x. 402, I grew affrighted..for. .the
distracting noyse drew aye nearer and nearer us. 1749
Fiecpinc Tom Yones xv. iii, His mind was tost in all the
distracting anxiety so nobly described by Shakespeare
[9ud.C. 1. i. 63-69). 1799 tr. Diderot's Nat. Son 11. 10.
No one..can conceive the heart-distracting misery i
suffered, 1822 J. W. Croxer in C. Papers (1884) 12 Aug.,
I will ..tell you this lamentable, this distracting story.
Hence Distra‘ctingly adv.
1842 Dickens Amer. Notes (1850) 67/2 A handsome city,
but distractingly regular. 1859 Gro. Exior A. Sede 180
Hetty..had the same distractingly pretty looks. .for every-
body. 1879 Miss Brappon Viren III. 221 ‘The ringing of
imaginary wedding bells sounded distractingly in her ears.
Distraction (distrakfan). [ad. L. distraction-
em, n. of action f. d¢strahére to pull asunder, Dis-
TRACT; ef. F. distraction (1335 in Godet.).]
+1. A drawing or being drawn asunder ; pulling
asunder ; forcible disruption, division, or severance.
158r Mutcaster Positions xli. (1887) 248 The distraction
of temporall, ciuill and Canon law being in many pointes
very offensiue to our countrey. 1597 Hooker “ccl. /o/.
v. hii. §2 His two natures..are..as vncapable of confusion
as of distraction. 1647 Litty Chr. Astrol. clvi. 648 &
in the seventh in ferall Signes, argues death by Distraction,
or by Ruine, or fall of Timber or Houses, 1837-8 Sir W.
Hamitton Logic xxv. (1866) 11. 23 The parts which, by the
distraction of the whole, come into view, are called the
divisive members.
+b. A severed or divided form, drawn apart
from others. Odés.
1606 Suaks. Ant. § Cl. m. vii. 77 While he was yet in
Rome, His power went out in such distractions, As beguilde
all Spies.
+ c. Dispersion, scattering. Ods.
1618 Hares Gold, Rem. (1688) 402 By reason of that great
distraction of their Books and Papers.
+d. Violent stretching or extension. Ods.
c1720 W. Ginson Farrier’s Guide u. xix. (1738) 65 A Dis-
traction, or Rupture of the Vessels. 1737 BracKEN /arviery
Impr. (1756) 1. 68 The Fibres..are ina Crate of Distraction,
that is, they are drawn out into a greater length.
e. Grk. Gram. The resolution of a long vowel
into two yowels, identical or differing only in
quantity, as in dpdw for ép@, kpaaros for kparos.
1891 Monro Homeric Gram. (ed. 2) 51 These forms [dpow,
épdas etc.] were regarded by the older grammarians as the
result of a process called ‘ distraction’, (the exact reverse of
contraction), by which a long vowel, @ or w, could be
a ak into two distinct vowels (aa, ow, &c.).
. The drawing away (of the mind or thoughts)
from one point or course to another ; diversion of
the mind or attention. Usually in adverse sense ;
less commonly = diversion, relaxation (as in Fr.).
1450-1530 MJyrr. our Ladye 10 The harte owght to be
kepte in D dead of these holy howres from dystraccyon, and
from thynkynge on other thynges. 1526 Pilger. Pers. (W.
de W. 1531) 159b, Harde it is to say one Pater noster
without distraccyon of y° mynde. 16x Bree 1 Cor. vii. 35
That you may attend vpon the Lord without distraction.
1699 Burnet 39 A7t. xii. (1700) 129 The distraction of their
Thoughts in Devotion. 1749 Cuesterr. Lett. (1792) II.
exciv. 224, | know no one thing more offensive to a company,
than that inattention and distraction, 1853 C. Bronte
Villette xxi, Considering sewing a source of distraction
from the attention due to himself, 1853 Mrs. JAMESON in
G. Macpherson Memoirs (1878) 278 While attending on m:
mother, the compilation, printing, and illustrating fursieh
me with what the French call a distraction.
b. An instance or occasion of this. ¢. Something
that distracts (or diverts) the mind or attention.
1614 Br. Haut Recol?. Treat. 158 A third, standing with
the eyes. .shut for feare of distractions. 1655 Stantey //is¢.
Philos, 1. (1701) 30/2 If he had not been constrained by
seditious and other distractions to lay aside that study.
1849 Ronertson Sem. Ser. 1. ii 25 The cares of this wont
—its petty trifling distractions. 1 Wraxait tr. 2.
Houdin x. 136 Conjuring..was a mere istraction by which
he amused his friends.
3. The fact or condition of being drawn or pulled
(physically or mentally) in different directions by
conflicting forces or emotions.
1598 Suaxs. Merry W. ut. v. 87 In her inuention, and
Fords wiues distraction, they conuey'’d me into a bucke-
basket. 1633 'T = James Voy. 29 The ship did labour most
terribly in this distraction of winde and waues. 1828
D'Israeut Chas. /, 1. Pref. 4 Instead of the distraction of
multifarious events. .the philosopher discovered the insepar-
able ion of cir
b. Disorder or confusion of affairs, caused by in-
ternal conflict or dissension; the condition of a
community torn by dissension or conflict of ies.
1642 Cuas. I in Clarendon Hist. Red. v. § 386 To settle
the Peace of the Kingdom, and compose the Bro Dis-
tractions. 1709 Sreece in Lett, Lit. Men ( den) 344
| as in my praier I
destructive Legislative.
|
“vJ
an g in y. 1780 Burke Sp. at Bristol
Sept. Wks. III. 431 Your hg! gentlemen, is in a state
miserable distraction. 1 acautay Hist, Eng. 1. 134
The distractions of Ireland, he said, arose. .from differ-
ences between the Irish and the English. 1875 Jowerr
Plato (ed. 2) 111. 223 That body is..rendered incapable of
united action by reason of sedition and distraction. :
4. Violent perturbation or disturbance of mind
or feelings, approaching to temporary madness.
To distraction: to a degree which exemplifies or
amounts to this ; distractedly.
1606 Suaxs. Ant. §& Cl.1v.i.g Giue him no breath, but
now Make boote of his distraction. 1657 Burton's Diary
—_ II. 24 Pardon me if I speak confusedly, any man will
justify my distraction in this. 1724 R. Farconer Voy. u.
(1769). 30 There was a sad Distraction amongst us in the
Ship. .for we had almost fell foul. 1802 Noble Wanderers
I. 281 The Princess loves you to distraction. 1819 Byron
¥uan i. cx, To contend with thoughts she could not smother,
She seem’d, by the distraction of her air.
+5. Mental derangement; craziness, madness,
insanity. Ods. (exc. as involved in prec.; cf. Dis-
TRACT V. 5, 6, DISTRACTED 4, 5.)
c1600 SHAKS. Soun. cxix, In the distraction of this
madding fever. 1702 C. Marner Magn. Chr. 11. vii. (1852)
145 A distempered melancholy at last issued in an incurable
distraction. 1764 Harmer Oéserv. xu. iv. 159 ‘The hermits
of superstition. .resemble Nebuchadnezzar in his distraction.
1794 Suttvan Iie Nat. 1. 8 He traverses the whole circle
of human imbecility and distraction. ; ;
6. In French-Canadian law: The diverting of
costs from the client or party who would be in
ordinary course entitled to them, and their ascrip-
tion to his attorney or other person equitably en-
titled. [=F. distraction, in same use.]
18.. Code of Civil Procedure of Lower Canada Art. 484
(In roth Rept. of Codification Comm. 1866), Attorneys ad
Litem may demand and obtain distraction of their fees.
§| 7. for DETRACTION.
1430 Lypc. Min. Poems 67 (Mitz.) Have in hate mowthes
that ben double, Suffre at thy table no distractioun.
+ Distra‘ctious, z. Ots. [f. prec.: see
-r1ous.] Abounding in or fraught with distractions.
1667 Waternouse Fire Lond. 104 In the time of the
Fires raging, and of the distractious impetuosity. 1678
Cupwortu /ntell. Syst. Pref. ro Which. .would render His
providences to humane apprehensions, laborious and dis-
tractious. 1691 Ray Creation (1714) 51 The former [opinion]
would render the Divine Law operose, solicitous and
distractious.
Distractive (distraktiv), a. [f.L. ppl. stem
distract-(see DISTRACT v.)+-IVE.] Of distracting
quality or tendency.
1633 Br. Hatt Hard Texts 212, I will walke free from all
feares and distractive cares. 1643 Mitton Divorce 1. xii.
(1851) 93 How hurtfull and distractive it is to the house, the
Church and Commonwealth. isd Cartyce Fr. Kev. UI. vi.
vi. (1872) 248 Thou undefinable .. self-distractive, self -
1855 — Misc., Prinzenraud (1872)
VII. 162 Johann Frederick..founding that imbroglio of
little dukedoms. .distractive to the human mind. |
Hence Distra‘ctively adv., with distracting ten-
dency or effect.
1831 Cartyte Sart, Res. 1. ii. (1872) 6 Maddest Waterloo-
Crackers, exploding distractively and destructively, where-
soever the mystified passenger stands or sits. 1837
Fr. Rev. U1. 1. iv. (1872) 19 Whether the Flag.. flapped
soothingly or distractively.
+ Distra‘ctly, adv. Obs. rare—'. [f. Dis-
TRACT a. +-LY *.] = DISTRACTEDLY.
¢ 1450 tr. De /mitatione m. liii, Forzeue me. .as ofte tymes
i penke on eny ober pinge pan on pe.
I am wont to haue me pere ful distractly.
+ Distracture. Ols. [f. L. déstract- ppl.
stem (see DISTRACT v.) + -URE.] = DISTRACTION.
x6az2 R. Hawkins Voy. S. Sea (1847) 192 tg victory of
t the P:
DISTRAIN.
I. General senses: all Ods. "i ;
ce, ote gn! he shal
destreyne. 1483 Caxton Gold. i* 372 b/t Hit ona
nyght that she distrayned her self by the throte that she was
t estrangled. 1600 Farrrax asso xu. xii. 215 The
Bepek. mp gan distraine Now him, now her,
riendly armes.
+b. Te ‘o sono, bind, restrain. oo ‘
Cc th, MB b. MS.) A
ys bape : u. pr. vie 42 ( per man
—v.
pat ne mowen nat be vnbownden. c¢ 1386 — Pars. T.? 195
Oure lord Ihesu crist.,after that he hadde be bytraysed of
his disciple, and destreyned and bounde,
+e. fig. To hold captive, or in constraint. Oés.
¢1340 Hamrote Prose Tr. 18 Neuer-pe-lattere in bis maner
felynge a saule may be distreynede by vayne glorye. ¢1374
Criaucer Troylus 1. 355 Opere besye nedes hym destrayned.
+2. fig. To hold in its grasp, as disease, sickness,
love ; to distress, oppress, afflict. Ods.
In quots. 1547, 1618 perhaps ‘to strain’.
1374 Cuaucer Troylus ut. 1479 (1528) No word for sorwe
she answerede, So sore his fia here destreyne.
¢ 1430 Lypc, Compl. Bl. Rut. xx, And overmore distrayned
with sicknesse Beside all this he was full grevously, od 3
| Caxton Gold. Leg. 266 b/1 The man of god..destrayn:
body by soo grete trauaill of fastynges and wakynges that he
languyssed in contynuel maladye. a@1547 Surrey in
Tottell’s Misc. 14 Ragyng loue with extreme payne Most
cruelly distrains my hart. a@ 1618 Raveicu Kem, (1644) 121
Distrained with the wringing fits of his dying flesh.
+ 3. To control by force, restrain, subdue. Oés.
a 1400-50 Alexander 4244 A Kyng with-outen cunnyng,
he can no3t distreyne His subile]ctis. —— Spiritual
Counsayle H ij, Howe by his wysdome on the he
hathe distrayned all the power of the devyll.
+4. To constrain, force, or compel (a person fo
do something). Ods. (Hence the legal sense 7.)
¢ 1374 Cuaucer Troylus v. 596 Distreyne here herte as
faste to retorne, As bow dost myn to longen here to se.
1375 Barsour Bruce xu. 338 Thar gret vaward alsua Wes
distrenzeit the bak till am ¢1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. P35
Penitence destreyneth a man to — et eue!
peyne..enioyned. c 1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Low,
(E. E. T. 8) 62 Who destreyns be to swere ofte ?
+5. To strain out, express ; to extract by press-
ing or straining. (In quot. 1563, énfr. for refl.)
c1400 tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. (E. E. T.S.) 85
His properte ys, to make stalworthe pe stomak, & destreyne
& purge be euyl and rotyn humours pat er in pe stomak.
3 B. Gooct Eglogs le 117 The gryefe so sore, doth
growe in euery parte, traynyng through the venomed
vaines doth so torment the Hart. 1634 Sir T, Hersert
Trav. 150 Cofta or Coho, a drinke. . blacke, thicke and bitter;
distrained from Berries of that quality.
+6. a. To pull or tear off. b. To rend or tear
asunder. [After L. senses.] Ods.
1382 Wyciir Ezek. xvii. 22 Y shal take of the merew3 of
the hee3 cedre, and I shal putte of the cop of his braunchis;
the tendre I shal distreyne, [1388 streyne, Vulg. distri
1590 Srenser /. Q. 11. xii. 82 That same net so cunningly
was wound, That neither guile nor force might it distraine.
II. Law. [The earliest use recorded, but etymo-
logically a specific application of 4.]
+'7. trans. @. To constrain or force (a person) by
the seizure and detention of a chattel or thing, to
tform some obligation (as to pay money owed
y him, to make satisfaction for some wrong done
by him or by his beasts, or to perform some other
act, e.g. to appear in court); to punish by such
seizure and detention for the non-performance of
such obligation, (See Distress sé, I.) Ods. exc.
Hist., or as included in ¢,
the emperour Charles the Fifth, g: ant
princes of Ger ie, is i ito their di
from parity in command,
+ Distra‘de,v. Os. rare. [f. Dis-1 + TRADE
trans. To distribute by way of trade.
1623 Liste Atifric on O. & N. Test. To Rar. 14 This
creature (Camel]..is the best and only meanes,.to conuey
through the deserts, the sweet wares of happy Arabie,
and so to distrade and retaile them ae the Nations.
+ Distra‘ge: Obs. rare—', [f. dé-, Dis- 5 +
It. strage, L. stréges overthrow, slaughter, carnage.]
A defeat with much slaughter.
¢1540 Order in Battayll Bij, After a dystrage, the hoste
can not sodenely be apte to fyght > for vom and mourn-
yngs shal let them,
Distrain (distrztn), v. Forms: 3-6 des-
treyn(e, 4-6 des-, distrayne, distreyne, (4
-trene, 4-5 dystreyne, 5 -trayne, 6 -treine),
5-8 distrein, 6-7 distraine, 6- distrain; Sc.
4-7 des-, dys-, distrenje, -trinzje. [ME. a. OF.
destreindre, -aindre ‘to straine, presse, wring, vexe
extremely, straiten’ (Cotgr.), pres. stem destreign-,
pa. pple. destreint; =It. distrignere, -stringere
‘to distraine, distress, pinch, straiten’ (Florio) :—
L. déstring-ére to draw asunder, stretch out, detain,
occupy, f. d-, Dis- 1 + stringére to squeeze, draw
tight. In med.L. and Romanic, the prefix lost its
sundering force, being prob. confounded with de-,
and distringére became merely intensive of strin-
gére, as in mod.It.]
arising
¢ 1290 Beket 758 in S. Eng. Leg. 1. 128 Non Erchebishop of
Cc ‘buri nas ei d so, Neso streyned of
no king (w.. of nothing). (r292 Brrrron 1. xxvii. [xxvi). § x
Le viscounte face destreyndre les trespasours par avers
et lour chateus.) a Papers (1841) 86
Full power and autorite..the same tgnantz and tenantdris
til distreyn and hald, till all rerages and dettes .. be
assethid. xg1a Act 4 Hen. VII/, c. 19 $9 For none pay-
ment therof todestreyn the seid persones so beyng beh
4 pa 2 goodes and bin y = — ences saree . 142
To ¢ sommons, istreyne for lacke of ap) ¥
all and every ‘Tenant of the sayd Abbot. 1671 r. Prins
Reg. Necess. 467 He refused to give leave..to distrein the
Bishop of St. ‘Davids in Parliament time. 1895 Pottock &
Marrtann Hist. Eng. Law I. 335 After distraining the
tenant by his chattels, the lord may obtain from his seig-
norial tri a judgment a mpeg ter to distrain
tenant by his land. /éid. 11. 574 Observe that [in
13th c.], when words are correctly used, one does not
a thing ; one distrains a brea f (fer) a thing. P
b. with zn. or sudord. clause, expressing the
re ay Ss Leg. I. 128 Seint thomas londes
c Beket 748 in S. Eng. Leg. 1. 12 t f
into hond hie men nome, Ase lenin for-to destreynen him
he scholde, Be Todo bh Ce ee ee
ie .
olde, Be yt a may be diswrenzied in his lands, to
Uses Com. Law
(1636) 20 Commanding him a “tt rd
1692) L335
Sir H. Davenport in Rushw.
he should d ames 4 to appear
before the Barons of his Miajes ty’s said Court .
1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. Lex, (2 2 184 All such
as ought to be Knights and are Soe, aball distrained to
undertake the weapons of Knighthood. 1767 BLAacKSTONE
a Pe
if DISTRAIN.
‘Comm, V1. 135 The widow shall pay nothing for her
marriage, nor shall be distreined to marry afresh. cet
Potiock & Maittanp Hist, Eng. Law I. 334 The lord’s
iest remedy is that of distraining his tenant to perform
the services that are in arrear.
ce. In later usage: To levy a distress upon (a
‘person), in order by the sale of the chattels to
obtain satisfaction for a debt, particularly for
arrears of rent. (But the usual construction in this
sense is fo distrain upon: see8b.)
r a4 Tucker Lt, Nat. 1. ii. § 9 When’ Squire Peremp-
tory distrained his tenant for rent perhaps he [etc.].
1772 Hist. Rochester 46 Who had been distrained for the
a of the head of the bridge. 1818 Cruise Digest (ed.
) III, 201 A peer of the realm could never be arrested for
debt ; the law presuming that he had sufficient lands and
tenements in which he might be distrained.
8. absol. or intr. To levy a distress. Const. for
(athing). Originally in order to compel the de-
faulter, by detention of the thing seized, to pay
money due or perform an obligation; but in later
use including the power to obtain satisfaction by
sale of the chattels. See Distress sé. 3.
¢ 1350 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 362 3if eny bo pat nymep rente
of eny tenement in fraunchyse of pe Citee, and his rente
holleche be by-hynde, ober half oper more and he ne fynde
for to dystreyne, 1463 Bury Wills (Camden) 27 If my wil
be nat devly executyd in eche part, they to haue pover to dis-
treyne. 1512 Fanyan W7//in Chron. Pref. 9, I geve full power
over the said Church Wardeyns..to distreyn within any of
the foresaid londs and tenements. .and the distres so taken
to withold and kepe till the said annuytie. . be fully contented
and paied. 1512 Act 4 Hen. V/I/, c.11 To distreyne for
the same rentes in the seid Maners. 1552 in Vicary's
Anat, (1888) App. iii. 152 It shalbe laufull for any offycer
of the said Cytie to dystreine for the same [yearly rent].
1648 Mitton Odserv. Art. Peace Wks. 1738 I. 338 Any,
seven or more of them, in case of Refractories or Delin-
quency, may distrain and imprison. 1764 BuRN Poor
Laws 251 Where power is given to distrain, it seemeth
reasonable that power should be given to come at the goods.
1863 Fawcetr Pol. Econ. 1. vii. 237 The landlord had of
course a legal right to distrain for the rent.
; b. Const. wgon, on a person or thing. (With
indirect passive o be distrained upon.)
1605 Campen Rem. (J.), I will not lend money to my
superiour, upon whom I cannot distrain for the debt. 1689
Col. Rec. Pennsylv. 1, 311 He was distreyned upon by
Cornelius Empson, for Coanay Rates. 1812 Examiner 7
Sept. 570/2 He was. .threatened. .to be distrained on for the
assessment and surcharge. 1861 Pearson Early & Mid.
Ages Eng. xxxiv.(L.), He or his heirs might distrain on them
ifthis were neglected. 1891 Punch 25 Apr. 195/2 The total
failure of my last attempt to distrain on the stock of a neigh-
bouring farmer.
Jig. a@1658 CLevetanp Gen. Poems, §c. (1677) 2. The
Airy Freebooter distrains First on the Violet of her Veins,
Whose Tincture could it be more pure, His ravenous kiss
had made it blewer. @1678 Marve t (J.), Blood, his rent
to have regain’d Upon the British diadem distrain’d.
9. trans. To seize (chattels, etc.) by way of dis-
tress ; to levy a distress upon. arch.
153 Dial. on Laws Eng. u. xxvii. (1638) 112 A pound.,.
to put in beasts that bee distrained. 1593 Suaxs. Rich. //,
11. ii, 131 My Fathers goods are all distraynd, and sold. 1671
F. Puttirs Reg. Necess. 490 The Laws or reasonable Cus-
toms of England will not permit a Horse to be destrained
when a Man or Woman isriding upon him. a 1713 ELtwoop
A utobiog. (1714) 66 If you have no Money, you havea good
Horse under you ; and we can Distrain him for the Charge.
1765 Biackstone Comm. I. 256 All process whereby "the
person of any embassador..may be arrested, or his goods
distreined or seised, shall be utterly null and void. 1848
Wuarton Law Lex, 186 All chattels and personal effects,
found upon the premises, may be distrained, whether they
belong to the tenant or to a stranger.
+10. Extensions or loose uses of the legal senses.
a. To deprive (a person) of Gsommething. Obs.
Bg Parser. 522/1, I distrayne a persone of his lybertye,
or plucke some thynge from hym that belongeth him.
+b. To seize, confiscate, annex. Ods.
rsgt Suaks. 1 Hex. VJ, 1. iii. 61 Here’s Beauford, that
regards nor God nor King, Hath here distrayn'd the Tower
to his vse. 1676 Hopses //iad x1. 622, 1 then went his
Cattle to destrain, And take amends for those he took of
mine. 1727 A. Hamitton New Acc. E. Ind. 1. viii. 86 They
first built a Sconce. .both to secure themselves from sudden
Attacks or Surprize, as well as to hold what they might dis-
train from the poor Peasants.
Hence Distrained ff/. a.; Distrai-ning vd/. sd.
and ffi. a.
1380 Wycuir Sel. Wks. III. 302 Stelyng of chartris, and
es of 3onge eiris. 1530-1 Act 22 Hen. VIII, c. 12
If any such person. .distreined appere not at the day and
place conteyned in suche distresse. 1672-3 Marve. Reh.
Transp. 1. 244 They reckon there would be little got by
distraining. 1887 Sfectator 4 June 760/1 To give instant
warning of the approach of the distraining parties. 1895 Daily
News 25 Jan. 53. The Judge..has been saying some severe
things on the subject of distraining bailiffs.
on, sb. Obs.
1, =Disrrarnt,
©1450 Eng. Misc. (Surtees) 59 No distreyn yt is made wt
in y* sayd Burgage.
. Restraint, control.
1531 Latimer Serm. & Renz. (1845) The kings high-
ness..did decree that all admitted ot ieeaiing ecetd
[f. prec. vb.]
throughout all his realm as long as they preached
well, without distrain of any man. "1598 FLoRio, Distretta,
a a . an inc
Distrainable (distrzinab’l), a [a. AF. des-
treynable = OF? destretgn-, destraignable, f, stem of
prec. vb. : see -ABLE.]
531
1. Liable or subject to distraint ; liable to be dis-
trained or distrained upon: a. of a person.
[1292 Britton 1 iii]. § 7 Si troeffe deus pleges suffisauntz
et destreynables al viscounte del pays.] 1865 NicHots
Britton 11. 341 It is sufficient to make “the summons in the
fee where he is distrainable.
b. of chattels.
1588 Fraunce Lawiers Log. 1. xvi. 60 His [the King's]
goodes and cattels are under no tribute, toll, or custome,
nor otherwise distreignable. 1641 7ermes de la Ley 124
Else they [beasts] be not distreinable for rent or service.
1768 Biackstone Comm. III. 7 Instead therefore of men-
tioning what things are distreinable, it will be easier to
recount those which are not so. 1889 Law 7imes LXXXII.
223/2 ‘There were other distrainable goods in the house
available to satisfy the claim for rent.
2. Capable of being distrained for, or recovered
by distress, |
1791 G. Wasnincton Let. Writ. 1891 XII_76 All the rents
become due on or before the first day of January in every
year, and distrainable at the expiration of a certain number
of days thereafter. 1895 7imes 17 Jan. 14/4 Subject to dis-
trainable rent.
+Distrainant. Od% [a. AF. destreynaunt
= OF. destreignant, pr. pple. of destretndre to
DIstTRAIN.] = DISTRAINER,
{1292 Brirron 1. xxviii. [xxvii]. § 17 Devers les chiefs
seignurs destreynauntz.) 1553 Act 7 Edw. JJ, c. 1 § 11
The Kings Debts and Duties being first paid, and the
Distrainant answered of reasonable Costs.
Distrainee (distrei:nz). [f. Disrratn v. + -EE.]
One who is distrained.
1875 Maine //ist, Just. ix. 272 He appeared virtually as
a plaintiff like the distrainee in our Action of Replevin.
Distrainer (distré'no1). [f. as prec. +-ER !.]
One who distrains; = DISTRAINOR.
1607 Cowe.t Jnterpr. s.v. Distresse, The effect .. is, to
driue the party distreined to replevie the distresse, and so
to take his action of trespasse against the distreiner. 1736
in Jacop Law Dict. (ed. 3). 1863 Mrs. C. Crarke Shaks.
Char. xiv. 363 Thou mightst have become a distrainer for
rent, or a surcharger of taxes. 1880 Muirurap CGaztus
Digest 535 The distrainer had to use certain words of style.
1893 Law Times XCIV. 600/2 A sheriff’s officer may break
open outhouses, though a distrainer may not.
istrainment. [f. as prec.+-MENT.] The
action or fact of distraining; distraint.
1756 T. Amory ¥. Buncle (1825) I. 47 As I was ever liable
to distrainment, I took my leave. 1882 WEEDEN Soc. Lazu
Labor 151 Many families have been ruined by this distrain-
ment. 1886 Pall Mall G. 24 Apr. 4/1 The only means of
enforcing rent is by ejectment, as seizures and distrainments
cannot be carried out in the district.
Distrainor (distréi-ng:1). [f. Disrrain v.,
after AF. destreinor (Year-bks. Edw. I]).] One
who distrains or levies a distress: a more tech-
nical form than d¢strazner, and correlative to dis-
trainee.
1767 Biackstone Comm. II. 453 If a landlord distreins
goods for rent, or a parish officer for taxes, these for a time
are only a pledge in the hands of the distreinors. 1875
Poste Gaius 1v. $29 In all these cases the distreinor used
a set form of words. 1875 Maine //ist. Just. ix. 263 The
impounded beasts, when the pound was uncovered, had to
be fed by the owner and not by the distrainor.
Distraint (distrént). [f. Disrrary v., perh.
after OF. destrainte (13-16th c. in Godef.), des-
traincte ‘a restraint of libertie’ (Cotgr.), fem. sb.
from pa. pple.: cf. ConstraintT.] The action of
distraining (in the legal sense) ; = DISTRESS sd. 3.
1730-6 in Batrey (folio) 1833 Hr. Martineau Loom &
Lugger i. vii. 115 There woul a distraint for penalties.
1869 Daily News 25 Aug., The bailiffs shortly afterwards
entered the house, and..made a distraint which almost
stripped it of furniture. 1874 Green Short //ist, viii. § 10.
571 Payment of taxes..was enforced by distraint. y
Maine Hist. Just. ix. 262 The distraint of cattle for
damages still retains a variety of archaic features.
b. Distraint of knighthood; compulsion to accept
knighthood (in consequence of tenure of a knight’s
fee, or an estate worth £20 a year). (See DIsTRAIN
v. 7b, quot. 1647.)
1875 Stusss Const. Hist. Il. xv. 281 The distraint of
knighthood was..a link between the two branches of the
national force.
+ Distrai‘t, sé. Oss. [later form of destrait,
Destrayt, OF. destrett, mod.F. détroit:—L.
district-um.] @. A natrow passage (of land or
water); an isthmus or strait; b. a strait or diffi-
cult situation; ¢. a district.
1480 Caxton Ovid's Met. xiv. vi, [The winds] remysed
us in to the cruel dystraytis of Eolus. c 1477 — Yason 42b,
I had leuer to receyue and passe the distrait of dethe. 1562
i Suute Cambine’s Turk. Wars 7b, If this distraite of y*
and were cut through, Peloponesso shold be an isle.
“t, a. [a. F. distrazt (in 16th c. also dzs-
traict), pa. pple. of distraire to Distract. The form
distrat appears to connect this with DistRaAct.]
+1. Distracted in mind ; excessively perplexed or
troubled. Ods.
c1374 Cuaucer Boeth. m. pr. viii. 80 Pou shalt ben so destrat
by aspre binges bat pou shalt forgone sykernesse. 1440
J. Suirtey Dethe K. Fames (1818) 17 The other ladyes..
cryyng and wepyng, all distraite made a pitous and
lamentable noyse. cx4s0 tr. De Imitatione u. i, So
muche is a man lette and distraite, as binges are drawen to
him.
2. Haying the attention distracted from what is
present ; absent-minded. [from mod.F., and usually
|
DISTRAUGHTFUL.
treated as an alien word (déstrg*, distré) with F.
fem. distraite (distrg't, distrétt).]
(1711 Bupcett Sect. No. 77.? 1 One of those Sort of
Men who are very often absent in Conversation, and what
the French call a reveur and a distrait] 1748 CuestErr.
Lett. (1774) 1. cxxxiti. 325, I took care never to be absent or
distrait, 1771 Mrs. E. Grirritu Lady Barton 1.72 He..
sometimes appears gloomy and distrait. 1788 H’alfol-
jana xiii. 21 Oh, Madam (exclaimed the distrait pre-
late), he had such a brimstone of a wife! 1824 Byron
Fuan xvi. xxx, So much distrait was he. 1849 THACKERAY
Pendennis xxvii, She was very distraite. 1857 Kincstey
Two ¥. Ago xxvi, She .. tried to make her talk; but
she was distrait, reserved. 1883 E. Incersout in //arfer’s
Mag. Feb. 431/2 This knowledge. .kept her distrazt.
+3. as pa. pple. Torn to pieces, divided. Obs.
1579 E. K. Gloss. in Spenser's Sheph. Cal. June 25 All
Italy was distraict into. . Factions. .
+ Distraminastion. Ods. rare. [f. di-, Dis- 4
+ L. stramen (stramin-) anything strewn, straw:
see -ATION.] _Unthatching, stripping of thatch.
1654 Gayton Pleas. Notes 11. x. 141 Two Ancient Reverend
Men had almost disthatch’d their Faces, and could neither
of them sue for distraminations.
Distrammel (distre-mél), v. rare. [D1s- 6.]
trans. To rid of trammels ; to untrammel.
1856 R. A. VAUGHAN J/ystics (1860) I. 105 The native soul,
distrammelled of dim earth, Doth know herself immortal,
and sits light Upon her temporal perch.
Distraught (distr9't), pp/.a. arch. Also 4-7
des-, 5 dys-, 6 distraghte, 7 distrought.
[modification of Distract ffl. a., L. déstract-us.
Not of ordinary phonetic origin, but due app. to associa-
tion with other pa. pples. in -g//, as caught, taught, bought,
érought, sought, thought, wrought. Perh. more immediately
influenced by straught, pa. pple. of Stretcu; as the latter
had also the form strveight, straight, it may be that d7s-
traught = distreight = Distrait.)
1. Mentally distracted, by Leing drawn or driven
in diverse directions or by conflicting emotions;
deeply agitated or troubled ; = DISTRACTED 4.
1393 GowER Conf. 1. 218 Wherof his herte is so distraught.
Ibid. 279 Many a good felawe Hath be destraught by sodein
chaunce. c1491 Chast. Goddes Chyld. xxvii. 79 Some ben
so ferforth distraught..that whan they come ayen to hem-
self it is clene fro her mynde where they left. 1591 SpeNsER
Ruines of Time 578, 1 in minde remained .. Distraught
twixt feare and pitie. 1608-11 Br. Hart JJedit. §& Vowes
1. §92 The worldling standes amazed and distraught with
the evill. 1610 G. Fretcnrr Christ's 7rt. (1632) 44 With
present fear, and future grief distraught. 1848 Lytton
Harold 1, i, Her mind is somewhat distraught with her
misfortunes, 1877 L. Morris Epic Hades 1.17, I lay awake
Distraught with warring thoughts.
2. Driven to madness; mentallyderanged; crazy:
= DISTRACTED 5.
rsg2z Suaxs. Rom. & Ful... iii. 49. 1594 — Rich. /1/,
ur v. 4 And then againe begin, and stop againe, As if thou
were distraught, and mad with terror. 1598 Stow Surv.
(1842) 167,/2 One house, wherein sometime were distraught
and lunatic people, 1652 GauLe J/agastrom. go Fools,
madmen, melancholy fanatic, distraught. 1828 Scott /. A/.
Perth xix, ‘Are ye distraught, lassie?’ shouted Dorothy.
1886 Hatt Caine Son of Hagar i. v, Hugh Ritson rushed
here and there like a man distraught.
« tb. Const. of, 7 (wits, senses, etc.). Obs. (In
senses I and 2.
1556 Aurelio & [sab. (1608) F, Folkes distraghte of wisdome.
1583 T. Watson Centurie of Loue \xxxix. (Arb.) 125 Loue
is distraught of witte, and hath no end. 1653 H. Cocaw tr.
Pinto’s Trav. viii. 23 Like a man distraught of his wits
I cast myself at the feet of the Elephant. 1657 Howett
Londinop. 66 In this place [Bethlem] people that be dis-
traught in their wits. . 5
+3. Zit. Pulled asunder, drawn in different direc-
tions. (Spenserian use.) Ods. :
1596 Spenser /, Q. tv. vii. 31 [An arrow] in his nape arriv-
ing, through it thrild His greedy throte, therewith in two
distraught. /ééd. v. v. 2 A Camis..Trayled with ribbands
diversly distraught. 1604 R. Cawprey Zable Alph.,
Distraught, drawne into diuers parts. 1642 H. More Song
of Soul u. ii. 1. x, By distrought distension.
4. As fa. pple. of DistRact, or DISTRAUGHT v.
1581 Pettit Guazzo’s Civ. Conv, 1.(1586) 40b, [They] have
bene distraught of their right understanding. 1625 K. Lonc
tr. Barclay’s Argenis .xxi. 139 What fury. .hath distraught
you of your wits? 1816 Soutney Lay of Laureate Epil. 2
Have fanatic dreams distraught his sense ?
+ Di u'ght, 5b. Obs. rare. [f. prec.] = Dis-
TRACTION.
1610 Row.anns Martin Mark-all 31 They wil bring you
out of the way, through distraught and feare.
+ Distrau‘ght, v. Oés. [Improperly used as
a variant of DisTRAcT v., on the analogy of dis-
traught and distract ppl. adjs.]_ = D1sTRact v.
1579 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 59 There never
happenid any on thinge..that did ever disorder and dis-
traute the power of my mynde so mutche. 1593 NasHE
Christ's T. (1613) 44 The zeale of thee ra 9 eee me,
+ Distraughted, //. 2. Obs. [Altered from
DisTRACTED: see prec.] = DISTRACTED.
1572 R. H. tr, Lauaterus’ Ghostes (1596) 10 In those men,
which be .. distraughted of their wittes. 1596 SPENSER
Hymn Heavenly Beauty 14 That immortall beautie ..
hich in my weake distraughted mynd I see. 1603
Kyoites //ist. Turks (1621) 41 His base determination
-.all wondering at, as proceeding from a distraughted
minde.
+Distraughtfal, 2. Os. rare. [see prec.]
By-form of DisrRacrFuL.
1594 and Rep. Faustus in Thoms Prose Rom, (1858) 111.
318 Ina distraughtful fi tes
ere
ury.
DISTRAUGHTNESS.
+Distrau'ghtness. 0¢s.rare. [f. DISTRAUGHT.
@.+-NESS.] Distractedness, distraction.
Pav Newton Lemmnie’s Complex. (1633) 30 Hence pro-
eth. .roving dotage, and distraughtnesse of right wits.
+ Distrau'ghture. 00s. rare—*. [See Dis-
TRAUGHTED.] By-form of DisrRacruRE, distrac-
tion.
1594 2d Rep. Faustus in Thoms Prose Rom. (1858) II.
317 Which were witnesses of his distraughture.
[f. d-,
+ Distrea‘m, v. poetic. Obs. rare.
Dis- 1+ Stream v.] znér. To flow away ina stream;
to stream down or away. Hence Distrea‘ming
ppl. a. ;
1630 Bratuwair Eng. Gentlen. (1641) 226 Let the dole-
full ‘remembrance thereof produce torrents of teares from
your distreaming eyes. ¢1750 SHENSTONE Elegies xv. 4 A
swelling tear distream’d from ev'ry eye. /bid. xix. 71 O’er
that virtuous blush distreams a tear.
[Dis- 7 a.]
+ Distrea‘sure, v. Ods. rare.
trans. To despoil of a treasure. ;
1640 Quartes Enchirid. wv. xxi, Distreasure him of his
ill-got Wealth.
+ Distree’, v. Ods. nonce-wd. [Dis- 7a]
trans. To deprive or strip of trees.
a 1638 Meve Disc. Yosh. xxiv. 26 Wks. (1672) 1. 68 Of
some of the Proseucha’s they cut down the Trees .. Mark
here, They dis-tree'd the Proseucha’s.
Distrein(e, obs. forms of DisTRAIN.
+ Distre‘mpe, v. Ods. rare—°. To distemper.
c1532 Dewes /ntrod. Fr. in Palsgr. (1852) 941 To dis-
trempe, destrempér.
Distress (distre's), s?. Forms: 3-6 destresse,
4-7 distresse, (4 destres, 4-7 distres, 5 dis-
tryss(e, 5-6 dystresse, 6 dystres), 7— distress.
[ME. a. OF. destrece, -stresce, -stresse:—late pop.
L. *districtia, £. district-us, pa. pple. of distringére
to Distrain like angustia from angustus) ; dis-
tress is the fact of distraining or condition of being
distrained, in the various senses of the vb.]
I. +1. The action or fact of straining or pressing
tightly, strain, stress, pressure ; fig. pressure em-
ployed to produce action, constraint, compulsion ;
less usually, pressure applied to prevent action,
restraint. Ods. exc. in dal. (in which the primary
sense 1s still used.)
13.. Cursor M. 28360 (Cott.) And i, prest, funden vte
of distresse, In dedly sin has sungen messe. ¢% Cuav-
cer /f. Fame i. 497 This Eolus with harde grace helde
the wyndes in distresse And gan hem vnder him to presse.
1400 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 361 He shewep wipoute dys-
tresse, weiper he be of fraunchyse ober ne be, and be of
towne. c1420 Pallad. on Hush. 1. 79 Swathe a tender
vyne in bondes softe: Ffor bonde to hardde wol holde it
in distresse. c1450 Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) II. 52 God
I take to wittnes That I doe this by destresse. 1481 Cax-
ton Myrr. u. xxii. 114 The ayer that is shette fast within,
the whiche is enclosed in grete distresse. SPENSER
F. Q. 1. i. 32 In wastfull wildernesse .. by which no living
wight May euer pass, but thorough great distresse. [1876
Survey Provincialisms, Distress, strain, e.g. ‘Slacken
they there ropes before you go, and then there won't be no
distress on the [rick-]cloth’. 1879 Miss Jackson Shrofshs
Word-bk., Distress, strain; stress; application of force.
*Theer wunna be no distress on that theer ‘edge tin [=till]
after ‘arvest.’]
+b. The overpowering pressure of some adverse
force, as anger, hunger, bad weather; stress (of
weather, etc.). Ods.
a5 Sere he Chas. Gt. 187 By destresse of angre he took
a staffe for to smyte the messager. 1486 Bk. St. Albans
Cjb, In grete destresse of hungre. 1568 Grarton Chron.
II. 87, Driven by distresse of weather about the partes of
Austria. 1588 Greene Pandosto (1607) 43, 1 was sayling,
and by distresse of weather, I was driuen into these coasts.
1793 Smeaton Edystone L. Contents 10, Driven westward,
by distress of weather. Jéid. 12 Without any distress of
weather, the Buss got loose.
2. The sore pressure or strain of adversity, trou-
ble, sickness, pain, or sorrow ; anguish or affliction
affecting the body, spirit, or community.
1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 460 Pe kyng, pat so defended
ym, as in such destresse. c¢1 . Brunne Chron,
‘ace Sols) 3472 Pan were bey bobe in hard destres.
cx HAUCER L. G. W. 664 Cleopatra, To egipt is sche
fled for dred & for destresse. ¢ 1400 Rom. Rose 4997 Peyne
and Distresse, Syknesse and Ire, and Malencoly .. Ben of
hir my senatours. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) Iv.
XX. 3 e knoweth my comforteles dystresse. 1600 SHAKs.
A. Y. L, u. vii. go Art thou thus bolden’d man by thy
distres? 16x1 Lise 1 Aug i. 29 As the Lord liveth, that
hath redeemed my soule out of all distresse. eg Be.
Hatt Rem, Wks, (1660) 2 Being in great distress of Con-
science, 1667 Mitton P. ZL. xu, 613 With sorrow and
hearts distress Wearied I fell asleep. 1818 Jas. Mitt
Brit. India il. v. viii. 627 The Company's finances
always in distress. 1853 J. i. Newman //ist, Sk. (1873)
Il. 1. iii, 252 This event .. filled him with utmost
distress and despondency. 1867 Dickens Let? (x880) II.
273 There is great distress here among the
*
poor.
. with a and f/. A sore trouble, a misfortune
or calamity that presses hardly; esp. in /. straits,
distressing or strained circumstances.
, 1549 Covernate, etc. Erasm. Par., Rom, viii. (R.), That
in all our distresses we may boldly speake vnto God.
1588 (¢i¢/e), Copie of a Letter sent out of England to Don
Bernardin Mendoza. .Whereunto are adioyned certaine late
Advertisements, concerning the losses and distresses hap-
pened to the Spanish Navie. 1605 Suaxs, M/acé. 1. iii. 188.
1659 Lb. Hargis Parival’s [ron Age 285 So many storms,
532
that both men, and horses felt excessive distresses.
Woop Ath. O.xon. Il. 53 His distresses made him stoop so
low as to be an Abcdarian, 1783 Burke Sf. on E. India
in; distresses of
Bill Wks. TV. 129 Want of g for the
yee 1842 Trexnyson Dora 47 Then distresses came
on him.
ce. Naut. ‘A term used when a ship requires im-
mediate assistance from unlooked-for damage or
danger’ (Smyth Sazlor’s Word-bh.).
1659 D. Pett Jmpr. Sea - Firing of ng Phe is
commonly a signal of that ships distress that i
Dampier Voy. I. 394 Any Ship in distress may be refresh
and recruited here. 1726 Suetvockxe Voy. round World
(1757) 320, I returned to our ships again, and made signals
of distress. 1745 P. Tuomas $¥rul. Anson's Voy. 156 They
fired four Guns as Signals of Distress. 1839 Loner. Wreck
of Hesp. xi, Some ship in distress, that cannot live In such
an angry sea! ae
d. ‘Distressed’ or exhausted condition under
extreme physical strain. (Also fig.)
1861 A. Trottore La Beata 1. 162 (Hoppe) The lady
arrives at the top [of the stairs] with hg Mimo: signs of
‘distress’ in wind and limb., 1887 H. D. ‘Trait in Macm.
Mag. July 177/1 Their patience, which is already showing
manifest signs of distress, will be completely ‘ pumped’ before
long.
Il. Law. :
8. The action of distraining; the legal seizure
and detention of a chattel, originally for the pur-
pose of thereby constraining the owner to pay
money owed by him or to make satisfaction for
some wrong done by him, or to do some other act
(e.g. to appear in court); according to later prac-
tice, in order that out of the proceeds of its sale
(if not redeemed within a fixed period) satisfaction
may be obtained of some debt or claim, now,
especially, for rent unpaid.
c1290 Beket 761 in S. Eng. Leg. 1. 128 On me nast pu power
non swychdestresse for-todo. ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron.(1810)
186 And neuer porgh no destresse suld clayme ber of no right.
1543 tr. Act 51 Hen, ui. (1266) De Destrictrone Scaccarit
(Berthelet), And if he brynge the tayle of any shyriffe or
baylyffe, of payment made to them of the thyng demaunded
.. then the distresse shal sease.
(1636) 135 Distresse is a taking of chattels..found upon the
same land. .for satisfaction of arerages. 1614 RALEIGH //ist.
World . (1634) 113 The Phocians not meaning so to lose
their Rent, made a distresse by strong hand. 1768 Biack-
stone Comm. III. 6 A distress. .the taking of a personal
chattel out of the possession of the wrongdoer into the
custody of the party injured, to procure a satisfaction for
the wrong committed. 1794 Gopwin Cad. Williams 46 The
squire .. took the earliest opportunity of st on his
remaining property in the mode of a distress for rent.
1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) III. 299 A right to enter on the
lands, to seize the cattle and other personal chattels found
there, and to sell them for payment of the rent; which is
called a distress. 1836 Dickens S&. Bos v, I put ina good
many distresses in my time (continued Mr. Bung). 1875,
Maine /ist. Znst. ix. 250 The branch of the law which we
new call the Law of Distress.
b. Double, Grand, Finite, Infinite, Personal,
Real Distress: see quots.
1641 Termes de la Ley 125 Distresse ..is divided first
into finite and infinite, finite is that which is limited by Law,
how often it shall bee made to bring the party to tryall of
the action, as once or twice. Distresse infinite is without
limitation untill the party comes, as against a Jurie that
refuseth to appeare upon Certificate of assise. 1670 BLount
Law Dict., Distress Personal is made by distreining a Mans
movable Goods .. Distress Real is made upon immovable
Goods .. A Grand Distress is that which is made of all
the Goods and Chattels that the party hath within the
County. 1768 Brackstone Comm. III. 231 A distress ..
that has no bounds with regard to it’s quantity, and may
be repeated from time to time, until the stubbornness of
the party is conquered, is called a distress infinite. 1861
Ws Bact Dict. Law Scot. s.v. Double Distress, Where
arrestments have been used by two or more creditors, in
order to attach the funds of their debtor in the hands of
a third party, such arrestments constitute what is called
double distress. ; _
+e. The right or power of distraining, the
seigniory of a district. Ods. rare.
[z292 Brion vi. iv. § 12 Si celi garraunt ne soit mie en
la destresce le viscounte de cel pays. ¢. If the warrant is
not situated within the distress (=district) of the sheriff of
that country.) @1658 CLevetanp Austic Rampant Wks.
(1687) 459 The other Growtnolls of the Neighbourhood,
subject to the Distress, or Seigniory of Saint Albans.
4. The chattel or chattels seized by this process.
[xa92 Britton 1. xxviii. § 2 Pur ge bestes et autres des-
tresces ne soint mie trop loungement detenues enparkez.)
xq1x Z. E. Wills (1882) 20 'Takynge a distresse in defawte
of payment, 11a Act Hen. V1/1, c. 11 1f .. no distresse
subiclent there can be founde. 1568 Grarton Chron, II.
128 It was agreed ., that the distresses taken for the same
should be restored, and if any were perished by keping,
then the Abbot to make them |. Termes de la
Le} 124 Distresse is the thing which is taken and distrained
upon any land for rent behinde, or other duty, or for hurt
done. 1700 Tyrrect “Hist. Eng. 11. 1109 Neither the
Beasts nor any other Distress..shall be sold. .within fifteen
days. 1886 Repman & Lyon Law Landlord & T. (ed.
238 ‘he Landlord acquires no property in the distress, an
it is an abuse of his power if he use the distress, except in
the case of milch cows, which may be milked.
+b. Old Law of Scotl.: see quots. Obs.
1456 Sc. Acts Fas. 11, c Item bof. ae! stalls. .of y*
quhilke yai haif use to tak y° distress for the continuacione
of y’ fare The quhilk distresses air to be deliueryt agane at
the court of y° layr gif y° persone has done na defalt nor
distrubling in y® fayr. 1710 Sr View of Feudal
Law s.v., Distresses were pledges en by the Sheriff
1613 Sir H. Fincn Law |
_Manip.85 To Distresse, distr
and Comé., as distress-gun,
-rocket, signals of a ship in distress; distress- -
sale,a sale of distrained goods; distress-warrant,
a warrant authorizing a distress.
1823 Joanna Baiiure Poems 199 The drear distress-gun
emor
moaning. 1826 Sypney SmitH (1855) II. 272 We
hear nothing here but of distress bazaars the high price
of hay. 1868 Lowett Dryden Pr. Wks. 1 Il. 139
Distress-rockets sent up at intervals from a just about
tofounder, 1883 Pal/ Mail G. 5 Apr. 10/1 This meeting
desires to call public attention to the exaction of extra-
ordinary tithes by the distress sale effected this day. 1888
Union. Signal (Chicago) 5 Apr., The number of distress
and dis warrants
x Pall Mall G.
‘one the
possessory
13 Oct. 4/3 The boat was launched after
vessel showed distress flares.
Distress (distre’s), v. a. ¢. and pa. fple.
distressed; also distrest. [a. AF. destresse-r
(Statutes of Edw. III) =OF. destresser, orig. des-
trecier:—late L. dtstrictidre, f. district-us: see
prec. (See also senses 5 and 6.)]
1. trans. To subject to severe strain or pressure
(physical, financial, or other) ; to put to sore straits,
to embarrass ; now es/. to afflict or exhaust, as
painful exertion which puts a severe strain upon
the physical powers.
13.. FE. E. Allit. P. B. 880 pay probled & prong & prwe
vmbe his erez, & distresed ol wonder strayt with strenkpbe
in the prece. 1483 Cath. Angl. 102/1 To Distresse ; vdi
to Stresse [To Stresse, distringere]. 1 Patscr. 522/2,
I distresse, | put a thynge to an utter e to trye whether
it wyll holde, or endure, or not, ye destraigns. 1570 Levins
a ey 1 . Proctor Gorg.
Gallery, Pyramus & Thisbie, Distrest with woodlike rage,
the words he out abrade. 1600 E. Biounrt tr. Cones: io
30 Seeing his souldiors distressed for water, he
them to je and refresh themselves. 1611 Biste 2 Cor.
iv. 8 Wee are troubled on euery side, yet not di
[1881 R. V. straitened). 166 aoe ae ee Mu. iii.
(1682) 38 Being sufficiently dist Avocations of
several sorts. 1714 Swirt Pres. St. Affairs Wks. 1755 II.
1. 209 [The ministry] have been frequently deserted or dis-
tressed upon the most pressing occasions. 1771 GoLpsM.
Hist. Eng. 11. 228 The. .servants of the crown. .distressed
their private fortunes to gratify their sovereign. 1791 ‘G.
Gampavo, Ann. Horsem. xii. (1809) 113 But Looby [race-
horse] being distrest by the severity of this, and the first
heat, was forc'd to submit to his adversary. . by half a neck.
1825 Mrs. SHerwoop O/d Times 1. (Houlston Tracts I.
No. 24. 10) Does he not often distress himself in order to
pay a good round sum to have him ly instructed ?
1868 Dickens Lett. (1880) II. 339 railway jou'
distress me — 1886 Times 5 Apr. 7/2 Several of t
oarsmen were fearfully distressed.
b. transf.andfig. — .
1721 Perry D. Breach 7 Sullage .. carry'd out
without the Mouth of the Thames - . there subsides .. and
distresses the Entrance into the Port. Jéid. 20 The..
Inconveniences which distress that Port. 1794 Gopwin
Cal. Williams 25,1 have seen..too many pastoral ditties
distressed in lack of a meaning.
1489 Caxton ~— of A. 1. viii. 21, Men ynoughe for to
dystresse bothe hym and his grete oost. Fanyan
Chron. w. \xxi. 50 [He] was purposed to have frayed with
the sayd Maximus, and to haue distressed h Ibid. v.
Ixxix. gaue to y*
Frenschmen
warde, so that they were distressyd. 1
II. 1308 At the length the rebels were distressed, taken and
executed, 1630 X. Yohnson's Kis & Commw. 245 The
Deke sf Sa ioe tl Fey aoe = " “=
rmic, a0 SSHER AA, V1. (1 2 uthe passing t}
River, quickly distressed and routed then. Sreeve
Tatler No. 29 ® 3 Taking her as we do Towns npn |
distressing the Place. 1727 A. Hamitton New Ace. E, Ind.
I. xii. 137 The Portugueze large Cannon from their Walls
disturbed and distrest hisCamp, 1796 Morse Amer. on.
I. 290 Anson, with a squadron of ships .. distressed
Spanish settlements on the western shore of America.
8. To constrain by force or infliction of suffering
(to doa thing, into, out of something).
a 1400-50 Alexander 2781, I am y di bis
dede for to wirke. 1727 A. Hamitvon New Acc. £. Ind.
I. ii. 18 They could have easily distressed the Boats Crews
out of the Woods. 1742 Younc Né. 7%. 1. Pref. (1787) gs
Yet is it an error into which bad men 4 tually
distressed, 1788 A. Hamitton Federalist (\ ebster, 1828),
Men who can neither be distressed nor won into a sacrifice
of duty. 1829 W. Irvinc Granada 1. vi. 53 Muley Aben
Hassan .. attempted to distress it [the city) Into terms, by
turning the channel of the river which runs by its walls.
4. To cause pain, suffering, agony, or anxiety to;
to afflict, vex, make miserable. Now chiefly r¢f.
or fassive: cf, DisTRESSED ffi. a.
1586 [see Distressep.] 161% Biste 2 Sam, i. Tam
distressed for thee, my brother Ionathan, very
hast thou beene vnto me, 1641 J. Jackson 77ue Evang.
7.1.77 We must not vexe Ives .. nor di
with bootlesse problemes. 1748 Mippteton Cicero I. 1x,
ltd ad Sf mesaere: distressing him, 1800 Mrs.
ervey Mourtray Fam. 111. 205 ‘ we ..said she, a
ing..‘why distress me thus?’ ‘ORBES eM
> Jan. 235 The Emperor had asked where he was n
a satisfactory answer, whereat honest Bazaine was sore dis-
tressed. od. The tone of your letter
Do not distress yourself about the
+B. ‘To rob (of baggage, et.) Ee plendes, es
. To rob ( $ >
Derruss, Disrruss. Ods. ;
DISTRESSED.
(App. repr. OF. destrousser, perh. confounded with des-
troisser = destresser.)
1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon iv. 116 All they..that
bare ony vytaylles, they were dystressed by theym [tous
ceulx q’ portoient viures estoient destroussey]. 7d. He was
..dystressed of suche vytaylles ashe hadde. 1546 S¢. Papers
Hen. VIII, X1. 17 Our men distressed almost all their
victualles. 1568 Grarron Chron, 11. 373 [He] set upon
them, and distressed them and their shippes and so brought
them into dyverse Partes. _ . .
6. ‘To levy a distress upon, subject to a distress-
warrant ; = DIsTRAIN z. 7.
[Quot. 1440 may be in sense 1: in the later quots. the vb.
seems to be a deriv. of the sb.]
1440 Yacob’s Well iv. 28 Alle po lay-men, bat..ony
swych clerk arestyn, ‘or dystressin, or enprisoun wrongfully.
1609 Skene Reg. Maj. 78 ‘The distres (or gudes poynded)
sall remaine in the possession of the complainer, yntil it be
discussed, quhither he is lawfullie or vnlawfullie distressed.
t707 J. Jounson Clergym. Vade M. 248 Quakers, who are
liable to be distress'd. 1771 Smotietr // mph. Cl. (1815)
14, I will not begin at this time of day to distress my
tenants, because they are unfortunate, and cannot make
regular payments. 1823 Blackw. Mag. 703 His penerons
chief distresses him to the very blankets on his bed.
absol. 1811 Monthly Mag. XXXIV. 596 He..replied that
the landlord might distress for the rent.
Hence Distre‘ssing vd/. sd.
1599 Minsueu, A distressing, africtamiento. 1603 KNOLLES
Hist. Turks (1638) 28 He put to sea a huge fleet. .for the
distressing of the sea towns. 1633 P. FLetcHer Purple /s/.
mt, xix, So when a tyrant raves, his subjects pressing, His
gaining is their losse, his treasure their distressing.
Distressed (<istre’st, poet. -eséd), ppl. a. Also
6-9 distrest. [f. prec. + -ED1].] Afflicted with
pain or trouble; sorely troubled ; in sore straits.
1586 B. Younc Guazzo's Civ. Conv. 1v. 219 Bitter teares,
which copiouslie. . fell from my distressed eies. 1597 HookER
Eccl. Pol. v. \xvii. § 12 That poore distressed woman
commyng vnto Christ. 160r Cornwattyes Disc. Seneca
(1631) 43 To heare the distresseds petitions. 1632 Lirucow
Trav. u. 51 Giving comfort to our distressed bodies. 1719
De For Crusoe (1840) II. ii. 32 This distressed ship's crew.
1739 Butter Sev. Wks. 1874 II. 64 We .. compassionate
the distressed. 1838 THirtwatt Greece LV. 311 His distrest
countrymen. 1867 Smites Huguenots Eng. vi. (1880) 89
Invitations to the distressed Flemish artizans to come over
and settle in England.
b. Of actions or conditions: Pertaining to or
showing distress; in straits, sorely straitened.
¢1592 Bacon Confer. Pleasure (1870) 22 Consider how
benigne eare and correspondence she gaue to the distressed
requestes of that king. 1625-49 Declar. of Chas. I, App. in
Rushw. Hist. Cof?. (1659) I. 1 The distressed extremities of
Our dearest Uncle the King of Denmark. 1754 Mrs.
Devany Let. to Mrs. Dewes 16 May, It would be unkind
in me to leave her in the distrest way she is in. 1785
J. Truster Modern Times 1. 168 Their poverty and dis-
tressed situation.
Distressedly (distre'sédli), adv. [f. prec. +
-LY2.] In a distressed or sorely troubled manner.
1890 Temple Bar Mag. Aug. 466 Her poor wandering
brain is still distressedly labouring. 1893 Gocisnce Dic-
tator 1. 178 Hamilton began distressedly. 1894 Zemple
Bar Mag. Cl. 199 Emma is distressedly silent.
Distre‘ssedness. [f. as prec.+-Nnuss.] The
quality or condition of being distressed ; distress.
1592 WyrLey Armorte 154 For fellowes many in distressed-
nes Is to the 7 much rel 1617 Hirron
Wks. 11. 380 Those extraordinary fits of distressednesse,
with which God is pleased to exercise some of His. 1625
Sanverson Serm. I, 133 Compassion to the poverty or
distressedness of any,
Distre'sser.
who distresses,
1617 AinswortH Avnot. Ps. xxiii. 5 Thou fournishest before
me, a table, in presence of my distressers, — Annot. Pentat.
Gen, xiv. 20 Enemies or Distressers.
Distre‘ssful, a. [f. Disrress sd. +-ru.] Full
of or attended with distress. (A literary and chiefly
poetical word ; uot colloquial.)
1. Fraught with, causing, or involving distress ;
distressing ; painful.
159 Suaks. 1 Hen. VI, v. iv. 126 To ease your Countrie
of distressefull Warre. 1604 — O/¢A, 1. iii. 157 Of some
distressefull stroke That my youth suffer’d. 1750 JoHNsoN
Rambler No. 78 ® 5 What is above all distressful and
alarming, the final sentence. 1820 Scorespy Acc. Arctic
Reg. Il. 207 Night, a tempestuous sea, and crowded ice,
must probably produce as high a degree of horror in the
mind of the navigator, who is. .subjected to their distressful
influence, as any. 1860 J. P. Kennepy Horse Shoe R. xix.
228 Subjects o distressful uncertainty.
+b. Attended with distress, gained by severe
toil. Obs. rare.
1599 SHaks. Hen, V, w. i. 287 Who with a body fill’d
and vacant mind, Gets him to rest, cram’d with distressefull
[f. Distress v. + -ER1.] One
2. Of persons, their actions, state, etc.; Full of
distress ; marked by or indicating distress or suffer-
ing; in great distress, sorely distressed.
160r Munpay, etc. Downfall Earl of Huntington I. iv b,
Looke if you see not a distresseful man, That to himselfe
intendeth violence. 1715-20 Porr /éiad xvi. 293 Wide
The field re-echo’d the distressful sound. 178 Rowers
* Conversation 116 Fix on the waistcoat a distressful stare.
1868 Brownine King & Bk. 1x. At a safe distance, both
distressful watch. 1883 Fortn. Rev. June 873 The most
distressful districts lie in the west.
istre's: , adv. [f. prec. + -Ly?.] In
a distressful manner ; in sore distress; distressedly.
3593 NAsue Christ's 7. (1613) 44 Distressefully am I
diuided from thee. 161 CotGr., Miserablement, miserably,
533
DISTRIBUTE.
wretchedly’;. distressefully. 1773 Jouxson Let. #0 Mrs. | 2, To spread or disperse abroad through a whole
Thrale 17 June, I am distressfully and frightfully deaf. 1879
G. Merepitn £goist III. xiii. 284 Laetitia distressfully
scribbled a line. .to deliver to him.
Distre'ssfulness. [f. as prec. + -Ness.] The
quality of being distressful ; painfulness.
1890 Sat. Rev. 23 Aug. ¢42/1 We cannot but smile a little
at the vehemence of the actions..at the truly English
distressfulness of the manner of taking amusement.
Distre’ssing, ///. a. [f. Distress v. +
-ING*.] That distresses or causes distress; see the
verb.
¢ 15886 C’rEss Pemproke Ps. Lx. vi, Against distressing foes
Let us thy succour finde. 1719 De For Crusoe (L.), Under
these distressing circumstances what could I do? a@ 1859
Macautay //ist. Eng. (1861) V. 228 The heat ofa distressing
midsummer day,
Distressingly, adv. [f. prec. + -Ly%.] In
a distressing manner ; distressfully, painfully.
1786 Miss Crayton in J/7s. Delany's Corr. Ser. u. III.
411 It was serious, but not distressingly so. 1865 Livinc-
stone Zambesi xx. 408 Our progress up was distressingly
slow. 1870 Proctor Other Worlds vii. 170 Prolonged and
bitter frosts, contrasting so distressingly with the imagined
geniality of his summer weather. :
Distrest, var. distressed, pa. t. and pple. of Dis-
TRESS v.
Distreyne, obs. form of DisTRAIN v.
+ Distri‘bue, v. Ods. [a. F. distrtbue-r, ad.
L. distribu-cre to DISTRIBUTE.] = DISTRIBUTE.
©1477 Caxton Yason 70b, Only for to haue distribued
this so noble a londe. 1483 — Cato E ij b, I counceyl the..
that thou ne gyue ne distrybue thy goodes to thy children.
Distri‘buend. [ad. L. dtstrébuend-um, neut.
of distribuend-us ‘ to be distributed’, gerundive of
distribuére.| That which is to be distributed.
1874 Sincwick Meth, Ethics xi. 330 The social distribuend
includes not merely the means of obtaining pleasurable
passive feelings.
Distribulance, var. DistRouBLANCE. Ods.
Distributable (distri:biztab'l), 2. Also 7
sible. [f. Disrr1BUTE v. + -ABLE.] Capable of
being distributed ; see the verb.
1654 Z. Coxe Logick (1657) 10 Words .. significative .. of |
the parts of the whole distributible. 1655 Futter Ch. /Tis?.
x1. vii. § 99 The money gathered at the offertory, distribut-
able by the English Liturgy tothe poor alone. 1823 J. Bap-
cock Dom. Amusent. 161 Imparting the full amount of the
distributable carbon to the oxygen of the atmosphere.
1827 WHaTtELY Logic i. § 5 note, He might have said that in
piss § a proposition as the above the predicate is distributable,
but not that it is actually distributed. —
Distributary (distri‘bivtari), a and sé. [f.
L. ppl. stem distrzbit- (see DISTRIBUTE v.) + -ARY.]
A. adj. +1. Distinct, several. Ods.
xs4t R. Coptanp Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., For howe
many distributary intencyons were they created ? ae
2. Distributive; ‘that distributes, or is distri-
buted’ (Worcester).
1846 WorcEsTER cites WILLIAMS. 5 ;
. sb. Something whose function is to dis-
tribute ; applied to branch canals distributing water
from a main one, (Cf. ¢rzbutary.)
1886 J. T. WHEELER /udia under Brit. Rule 1753 The
Ganges canal..runs along the Doab.. throwing out dis-
tributaries at intervals. 1891 Cornh. Mag. May 553 ‘The
great canal, of which the small channel. .was a distributary.
+ Distri‘bute, fc. pple. Obs. Also -ut.
[ad. L. déstribiit-us, pa. pple. of déstribucre : sce
next.] Distributed (of which it was prob. at length
regarded as a contracted form).
1434 Z. E. Wills (1882) 99 To be distribute among pore-
folk. 1538 Starkey /xgland 11. ii. 183 By them al byschop-
rykys and al hye offyce of dygnyte schold be dystrybut.
1552 App. Hamitton Catech. (2584) 98 To be distrubit [? dis-
tribut]tothaim self. 1562 W7lds & Inv. N.C. (Surtees 1835)
203 Sex pounds thirteyne shillings forpence to be distribute
emongst ye poore of the parishe.
Distribute (distri-bizt), v. Also 5-8 des-, 6
dys-; 5-6 Za. ¢. and ffle. distribut. [f. L. dzs-
tribiit- ppl. stem of distrébudre, f, Dis- 1, in various
directions + ¢ribucre to assign, grant, deliver. ]
1. trans. To deal out or bestow in portions or
shares among a number of recipients; to allot or
apportion as his share to each person of a number.
1460 Carcrave Chron. 32 Josue..disposed and distribut
the lond of behest to the puple.
176 There he abode thre dayes in.departyng & destrybut-
yng the goodes. 1574 tr. Littleton's Tenures 30a, ‘To
distribut in almes to an hundred poore men an hundred
pence, 1613 Suaxs. //en. VII, v. iv. 20 As much [beating]
as one sound Cudgell of foure foote .. could distribute, 1
made no spare Sir. 1736 Butter Azad. 1. iii. Wks. 1874 I.
60 Happiness and misery..may sometimes be distributed
by way of mere discipline. 1840 Hoop Up Rhine 37 Pray
distribute my kindest regards amongst all friends. 1855
Macautay Hist. Eng. III. 546 The doctrine generally
received..was that it was shameful to receive bribes, but
that it was necessary to distribute them.
absol, 1526-34 TINDALE 1 Cor. vii. 17 But even as God
hath distributed to every man ..so let him walke. 1611
Biste Rom. xii, 13 Distributing to the necessity of Saints.
+b. To dispense, administer (justice, etc.). Ods.
1607 Suaxs. Cor, u1, iii. 99 Not in the presence of dreaded
Foe but on the Ministers That doth distribute it. 1698
‘roceR Voy. 125 The Power of distributing Justice is
vested in him. 1746 Jortin Chr. Relig. iii. (R. , He will
distribute r ds and punish to all, proportionably
to their behaviour in the days of their mortality.
1485 Caxton Chas. Gt.’
space or over a whole surface; properly, so that
each part of the space or surface receives a por-
tion; less definitely, to spread generally, scatter.
(In fass. often with reference merely to situation,
with no idea of motion : cf. diffused, dispersed.)
ergir 1st Eng. Bk. Amer. (Arb.) Introd. 33/1 They shall
be dyeedbuted or parted thorough all the world. 1615
J. Steruens Satyr”. Ess. 229 A Spend-thrift .. will promise
much and meane nothing: for he distributes his words as
commonly as Printers. 1620 VEeNNER Via Recta vii. 109
‘Those that are of a soft substance, are easily digested, and
distributed. 1736 Nature Display’d III. 431 This subtle
and active Element [fire] is distributed in great Abundance
all round the Earth. 1875 Ure's Dict. Arts III. 657
(Printing Machine) ‘he mechanism for supplying the ink,
and distributing it over the form. 1889 A. K. WaLtacr
Darwinism 340 Mammalia may be said to Le universally
distributed over the globe. 1890 WormELL Electr. in
Serv. Man 49 On [non-spherical] shapes electricity is not
uniformly distributed.
b. Said of the ramification of vessels, pipes, etc.
1659 ule. Errors Censured 32 Nerves .. divided into ..
Filaments, distributed after a most exact order throughout
the whole Body. 1804 ABeRNetHy Surg. Ods, 20 The
vessels are distributed in their usual arborescent manner.
1869 E. A. Parkes Pract. //ygiene (ed. 3) 15 Water should
be distributed not only to every house, but to every floor.
3. To divide (a whole or collective body) into
parts having distinct characters or functions ; to
divide and arrange. :
1553 Even 7yeat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 25 He hath in his
courte twelue thousand horsemen, whiche. .distribute their
wayting dayes after this order. 16x iwi 2 Chron. xxiii.
18 ‘The Leuites, whom Dauid had distributed in the house
of the Lord, to offer the burnt offrings of the Lord. 1643
5 Fears Fas. [ in Select. Hart. Misc. (1793) 311, 1 will
break and distribute the proofs. 1659 Hammonp Ox 7's.
civ. 8 Paraphr. 511 The earth [being] distributed into
mountains and valleys. 1710 Pripeavx Orig. 7ithes i. 13
‘The Law of Moses is usually distributed into these thr
parts: 1 The Moral, 2 The Ceremonial, and 3 ‘The Judicial.
1776 Gisson Decl. §& /. i, That great peninsula [Spain]. .
was distributed by Augustus into three provinces. 1849
Macavtay //ist. Eng. 1. 294 The Life Guards .. were then
distributed into three troops,
4. To divide and place in classes, or other divi-
sions ; to classily.
1664 Evetyn Aad. /fort. (1729) 22 These we have dis-
tributed into the three following Classes. 1725 Watts Logic
1. vi. § 10 A Politician distributes Mankind according to their
civil Characters, into the Rulers bid. .
ii. § 7 Propositions. .are distril
1857 Henrrey Elem. Course Bot. u. ii. § 386 By the
tb. Arith. =Divive. Obs.
1593 Fare Dialling 27b, Vhe product gro1g21907 I dis-
tribute by the whole Sine: and the quotient gro1g giveth
an ark 65.". 32.™, the Elevation'of the Meridian. 1709-29
V. Manvey Syst. Math., Arith. 16 Vo Divide one Number
by another, or to Distribute one into another.
5. To separate and allocate to distinct places or
compartments. sec. in Printing. ‘lo remove (type
that has been ‘composed’ or set up) from the
forme, and return each letter into its proper box
or compartment in the case. Also adsol.
1615 [See sense 2.]
1683 Moxon Aech. Exerc. 11. 207 The compositer seeks
«for a riglet, a little longer than the line of the page he
is to destribute, or else he cuts a riglet to that length (this
riglet is called @Pdestributing stick). 1736 Nature Dis-
play'd III. 364 The ‘l'ypes .. being again distributed into
their Boxes, serve to do the same Office to several others.
1808 Post-Off. Law with Instruct. (U.S.), Distributing
offices, where the postmasters open the mails addressed
Northern, Southern etc., and distribute the letters into
proper mails. 1888 J. Sournwarv’in Lucycl. Brit. XXII1L.
jor (Typography) The operation of distributing the types
1s the converse of that of composing: it is de-composing
the forme and returning the several letters to their proper
boxes in the case. 1891 Atheneum 24 Oct. 558/1 The
work is .. published in a limited edition, and the type has
been distributed. fod. A compositor who distributes
rapidly.
6. Logic. To employ (a term) in its full exten-
sion, so that it includes every individual of the
class. See Distribution 4b.
[1692 ALpricu Artis Logic# Rud. iii, § 3.5 Quare medium
in premissis semel ad minimum distribui debet. — § 3. 12
Distribuas medium; nec quartus terminus adsit.] 1827
Wuate y Logic ii. mt. § 2 ‘The middle term..must be dis-
tributed once, at least, in the premises. 1847 De Morcan
Formal Logic vii. 137. 1849 Manset Aldrich’s Logice 59
To say [as Aristotle does] that the major premise in fig. 1
must be universal, or one premise in fig. 2 negative, is
equivalent to a rule for distributing the middle term. 1849
Asp. Tuomson Laws of Thought (1860) § 77. 130. 1864
Bowen Logic vii. 181. 1887 FowLer Elem. Deduct. Logic
iv. (ed. 9) 34 All universal propositions distribute their
subject, whereas particular propositions do not. All negative
propositions distribute their predicate, whereas affirmative
propositions do not.
7. Grammar. To make distributive (in sense).
1876 Mason Eng. Gram. (ed, 21) § 173 b, In ‘they loved
each other’, each is in the nominative case, in the attribu-
tive relation to they, which it distributes in sense. A
Hence Distri‘buted, Distri‘buting f//. ad/s. ;
Distri‘butedly adv. Distributed term, middle
(see sense 6 above). ,
1641 Mitton CA. Govt. vi. (1851) 123 That beneficent and
ever distributing office of Deacons. [x692 ALpricn Art:
Log. Rud. iii. § 3. 4 Medium non distributum est anceps.)
DISTRIBUTEE.
1826 G.S. Faner Difficulties of Romanism i, iv. (1853) 114
gears id 2 fhe semsts aber consecration, °
the avow ground, that those elements, jointly a’
severally, unitedly and distributedly, have now Deosens the
Supreme Being himself. 1827 WHatevy Log/ci. § 5 A term is
said to be ‘distributed’ when it is taken universally, so as to
stand for everything it is capable of being applied to. 1844
Ubid. ii, mm. § 2 Then the conclusion .. would have its
icate—the Major term—distributed, which was undistri-
uted in the premiss. 1889 Sfectator 9 Nov., To*avoid
the loss of time inherent in distributed workshops.
A
Distributee’. Zaw. [f. prec. vb. +-EE.]
person to whom a share falls in the distribution of
the estate of an intestate.
1870 Pinkerton Guide 45 Where an Administrator has
money belonging toa distributee, whose residence is known,
it is his duty to give notice of his readiness to pay it over.
x89r R. Linn in WV. § Q. 3 Oct. 269 An Act of Congress
was passed for the relief of the distributees of Col. Linn.
Distributer: see Distripuror.
Distributible, obs. form of DistRIBUTABLE.
Distri-buting, 74/. 56. [-1nc1.] The action
of the verb DistripuTE; distribution.
1663 Gerier Counsel 25 ‘To be discreet in the distributing
of them to some Carpenters. 1663 Roy. Proclam. 25 May in
Parl. Rep. Secr. Comm. (1844) No. 582. 89 ‘The conveying
of letters, or the distributing of the same. 1888 J. Souru-
warp in Encycl. Brit. XXII. 701 (7ypography) There is
hardly any operation which so strikes a spectator as dis-
tributing, for a competent distributor literally showers the
types into their receptacles,
b. altrtb.
1683 Distributing stick [see DistripuTe v. 5]. 1808
Distributing office [zbid.). 1842 Specif, Clay & Rosen-
borg’s Patent No. 9300. 2 The arranging or distributing
machine. 1853 ef Mitchel’s Patent No. 1287. 5
The types are to taken in rows from the distribut-
ing machine. 1874 Kwnicnt Dict. Mech. 1. 710/2 The
least that a distributing-reservoir should hold is half
the daily demand. /did., Distributing-roller (Printing),
a roller on the edge of an inking-table for distributing ink
to the printing-roller. 1884 /’al¢ Mall G. 17 Oct. 12
Goods .. from that distributing centre [Hong Kong]
are sent off to almost every market in China. 1888 J.
Sournwakp in Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 701 (Typography) Dis-
tributing machines. .in which the distributing is to a certain
extent done automatically. 1891 ‘ Lightning’ Gloss, klectr.
Terms, Distributing Boards, \arge blocks of paraffined
wood, slate or similarly insulating material upon which are
mounted the various switches, fuses, &c., connected with
main or branch wires.
Distribution ‘distribiz fon. [a. F. déstrtbu-
tion, earlier -cfon (13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L.
distribition-em, n. of action f. dtstribucre to Dis-
tTRIBTE.] The action of distributing.
1. The action of dividing and dealing out or be-
stowing in portions among a number of recipients ;
apportionment, allotment.
1382 Wycuir //cé, ii. 4 God witnessynge by sygnes, won-
dris .. and distribucions [1388 departyngis] of the Hooly
Gost. 1413 Palen. Sowdle (Caxton 1483) Iv, xxxiv. 82 They
taken hede of alle makynge suche distribucions, so that
eueriche haue that hym oweth. 1538 Starkey England u.
ii. 183 The inequalyte of dystrybutyon of the commyn
offyceys. 1662 StTituinGFL. Orig. Sacv. 1. v. § 8 Joseph ..
made a_ new distribution of the whole Land. 1729 Butter
Serm. Wks. 1874 II. 36 All shall be set right at the final
distribution of things. 1770 Funinus Lett. xxxix. 198 The
crown .. will lose nothing in this new distribution of power.
1894 /imes 21 Dec. 11/5 The annual distribution of prizes
and certificates to the pupils.
b. Pol. Econ. (a) The dispersgl among con-
sumers of commodities produced; this being, as
opposed to production, the business of commerce.
(6) The division of the aggregate produce of the
industry of any society among its individual mem-
bers, as in ‘the unequal distribution of the fruits
of industry’,
1848-65 Mitt Pol. Econ. Contents 1. ii. § 6 Labour em-
ployed in the transport and distribution of the produce.
(bid, Prelim. Remarks (1872) 12/2 The diversities in the
distribution of wealth are still greater than in the produc-
tion. /bid. 14/2 The laws of Production and Distribution
.. are the subject of the following treatise. /did. 1. i. § 3
A system of community of property and equal distribution
of the produce. A/od. By the system of middlemen which
now prevails the cost of distribution is disproportionately
great compared with that of production.
2. The action of spreading abroad or dispersing
to or over every part of a space or area; the con-
dition or mode of being so dispersed or located all
over an area; sometimes without implying actual
dispersal from a centre.
t In older Physiology (esp. before the di of the cir-
culation of the blood), applied to the dispersal of the as-
similated food to all s of the y-
— Purrennam Eng, Poesie wm. yes (Arb.) 309 Helping
the ll i i istributi Isi
534
son Logic of Definition x. 296 This Order .. has such and
such a geographical distribution. 1889 A. R. WaLtace
Darwinism 340 How animals and plants have acquired
their present peculiarities of distribution.
3. The orderly dividing of a mass or collective
body into parts with distinctive characters or func-
tions; the orderly arrangement of the parts into
which any whole is divided; division and arrange-
ment; classification. .
1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. 1. vi. § 5 (1873) 45 So in the dis-
tribution of days we see the day wherein God did rest and
contemplate his own works, was blessed. 1668 Hace Pref.
to Rolle's Abridgm, 6 ‘The Common-Law .. wants method,
order, and apt distributions, 1712 J. James tr. Le Blond's
Gardening 201 Care should be taken in this Distribution,
that the Fountains be disposed in such manner, that they
may be seen almost all at a time. 1790 Burke Fr. Kev.
Pref. 4 A commodious division and distribution of his
matter, 1856 Emerson £ng. Traits, Relig. Wks. (Bohn)
II. 96 The distribution of land into parishes.
b. concr. A division. ,
1829 Soutney O. Newman vii, Omitting The minor dis-
tributions (which are many And barbarous all) suffice it to
name these. .the Pequods first; The Narhagansets [etc.].
4. Logic. +a. In the earlier English writers used
for what is now called Drvisron, i.e. the logical
division of a genus (a logical whole) into the
several species included under it; less properly,
the partition of a whole into the integral or con-
stituent parts contained in it. Ods.
1588 Fraunce Lawiers Log. 1. xiii. 56.b, A distribution is
when the whole is distributed into his partes. 1628 T.
Svencer Logick 143 When we say, a man hath two parts,
soule and bodie: Living Creatures are reasonable, and vn-
reasonable, then we make a distribution. 1698 Norris
Pract. Disc. (1707) 1V. 194 Then he would have given us
a full distribution of Immorality, to which all the instances
of it might be reduced. 1725 Watts Logic 1. vi. § 10 The
word distribution is most properly used, when we distin-
guish an universal whole into several kinds of species.
b. More recently, after Scholastic usage of Latin
distribuere, distribulio: The application of a term
to each and all of the several individual instances
included in its denotation or extension; the accep-
tation of a term in a general sense including every
individual to which it is applicable.
Said of a term qualified explicitly or implicitly by such
marks of universality (signa universalia) as all, each, every,
any, etc.; the one simple common term being treated as
‘distributed’ over all its significates; e.g. in every man,
the term #an is spread out over, or dispersed among, this,
that, and every other individual man.
This use of distributio (which turns on the question dis-
cussed in Plato, Parm. 130 seqq.), first appears in the
Schoolmen of the 13th cent., as Shyreswod, and especiall
Petrus Hispanus (1226-1277), of whose Susmmude the 7t
chapter deals with the properties of terms, including Dis-
tribution, as an appendix to the exposition of the Organon,
and with special reference to the solution of sophisms.
The term apparently came into English logic through the
medium of Aldrich; see DistrisuTe v. 6.
(The speculation in Latham's Johnson s. v. Distributed is
wholly gratuitous, and ignores the history of the word.)
[cxago Petrus Hisp. Suonmule vii. 5. 1 Distributio est
multiplicatio termini communis per signum universale facta,
ut cum dicitur ‘omnis homo’, iste terminus ‘homo’ dis-
tribuitur sive confunditur pro quolibet suo inferiori.] 1827
Wuatety Logic i. $5 ‘Add food ’, or every kind of food, are
expressions which imply the distribution of the term ‘ food’;
‘some food’ would imply its non-distribution. 1849 MAnset
Aldrich's Logica iii. § 3. 4 note, Distribution 1s not an
Aristotelian term. It forms part of what the Schoolmen
call parva logicalia ; a kind of appendix to analyses of the
Organon; containing matters, some evolved from .. Aris-
totle, others complete innovations .. The syllogistic rules
concerning distribution are of course implied in Aristotle's
account of each figure, though not enumerated separately,
as common to all. 1864 Bowen Logic vy. 126 The distribu-
tion of the Subject depends upon the Quantity of the Judg-
ment. 1887 FowLer Elem. Deduct. Logic (ed. 9) iv. 34 The
distribution or non-distribution of an attributive, as ‘human’,
‘red’, etc., follows that of the corresponding common term,
‘human being’, ‘red thing’, etc.
5. Rhet. (See quots.)
1553 T. Witson Rhet. (1567) 95a, It is also called a dis-
tribution, when we deuide the whole into seuerall partes,
and saie we haue fower pointes, wherof we purpose to
ec, ip, Demis Sg whole talke within compasse of
the same. 1797“ naMBERS Cycl., Distribution, in
rhetoric, is a kind of description; or a figure reby an
orderly division and enumeration is made of the principal
qualities of a subject.
6. Arch. The arrangement of the several parts of
a building, esp. of the interior divisions or apart-
ments. (Cf. Disposition 1 d.)
[1624 Worron Archit. 120 Distributio is that vsefull
Casting of all Roomes for Office, Entertainement, or Plea-
sure, which I haue handled before.) 1727-51, CHAMBERS
and other vertues, in a weake and vnhealthie bodie. 1620
Venner Via Recta vy. 90 It is .. hard of concoction, and of
very slow distribution. reba Cuampers Cycé.s.v., The dis-
tribution of the food throughout all the parts of the body,
is one of the worders in nature. 1860 I'yNDALL Géac. 1.
iii. 31 This distribution of temperature must .. have some
influence on the shape of the [hail] stone. 187§ Ure's Dict.
Arts III. 657 (Printing-machine) There are three or four
small rollers of distribution .. by [a] compound movement
they are enabled .. fo effect a perfect distribution of the
ink along the table. 1877 Hux.ey Amat. /nvert.1g Certain
areas of the earth’s surface are inhabited by gro of
animals and plants which are not found elsewhere ..
areas are termed Provinces of Distribution, 1885 Daviv-
Cycl., Distribution of the plan, denotes the dividing, and
dispensing the several parts, and bers, which P
the plan of a building. 1876 Gwitr Zncycl. Archit. § aay
Distribution and disposition are the first objects that shou!
engage the architect's attention, even of im whose great
aim is to strike the attention by ornament, which can never
please unless its’ source can be traced to the most conve-
nient and economical distribution of the leading parts.
7. Printing. The action or process of distributing
type: see DISTRIBUTE v, 5. .
1727-51 Cuampers Cyc/., Distribution, in printing, the
taking a form asunder, separating the letters, and disposin,
them be the cases again, each in fs proper cell. 1875 Ures
Dict, Arts 111. 651 Distribution is four times
faster than composition,
| The distributive Citoyennes are of violent speech an:
DISTRIBUTIVE.
8. Steam-engine. ‘The steps or operations by
which steam is supplied to and withdrawn from
the cylinder at each stroke of the piston; viz., ad-
mission, suppression or cutting off, release or ex-
haust, and ——— of exhaust steam prior to
the next admission’ (Webster 1864). ; .
Distributional, . -[f. prec.+-au.] Of or
pertaining to distribution, esp. to the geographical
distribution of animals or plants.
1864 Huxiey Lect. Compar. Anat. i. 2 The student of
the geographical distribution of animals .. would . . disp
the contents of a Zoological Museum in a totally different
manner: basing his classification not _ organs, but on
distributional assemblages. 1880 A. R. Wattace /s/. Life
ut, xix. 399 ‘The mode of solving distributional
+ Distribu'tioner. O/s. [f. as prec. +-ER = 2.]
One who makes distribution ; a distributor,
1650 Evverrietp 7'ythes 34 The only. .distributioner that
hath both given and setled several men in their several
proprieties. /did. 43 Distributioners of property.
ibu'tionist. rare. [f. as prec. +-1sT.]
One who advocates a system of distribution.
1836 Dickens Sk. Boz (1837) 1. 69 The distributionists
trembled, for their popularity was at stake.
Distributival (distri:bistai-val), a. Gram. [f.
DIsTRIBUTIVE + -AL: cf. adjectival.) Of or per-
taining to a distributive. .
1868 Key Philol. Ess. 4 In the passages .. referred to,
the distributival sense [of ava] seems to prevail.
Distributive (distri-bistiv), a. and sd. [a. F.
distributif, -ive, ad. L. distribitiv-us (Priscian) ap-
portioning, f. distribit-ppl. stem: see DistRIBUTE.]
1. Having the property of distributing ; charac-
terized by dispensing, bestowing, or dealing out,
in portions; given to or engaged in distribution.
Distributive finding of the issne: a finding by a jury
which is in part for plaintiff and in part for defe t
(Wharton Law Lexicon).
1475 Bk. Noblesse 85 Wolde..God that every harde
covetouse hert were of suche largesse and distributif of
here meveable good and tresoure to the comon wele. 1
Berketey A/ciphr. ut. § 14 To endeavour to destroy te
belief of..a distributive Providence. 182 Blackw, Mag. 1X.
323 A ready ‘ Shelty’ stands in waiting by, Around the
distributive to fly. 1837 Cartyte Fr. Aer. IIL. in. or 100
gesture.
2. Characterized by distributing or diffusing itself ;
| having a tendency to diffusion.
1627-77 Fevtuam Resolves 1. Ixxxvi. 132 Wisdom and
Science are worth nothing, unless they be distributive, and
declare themselves to the world. Wealth in a Misers hand
is useless, 1873 B. Stewart Conserv. Force iv. 106 If we
reflect that heat is essentially distributive in its nature. |
3. Of, belonging to, or arising from, distribution.
1616 Surrt. & Marxu. Country Farme 363 The distri-
butiue vertue of the Trees being occupied about many,
must needs haue the lesse for euerie one, w it
hath but a few to feed, it dealeth the more bountifully,
1771 Contemplative Man I. 60 All the Sisters 5 3 ah
that Mrs. Barnes's distributive Share of her Father's Effects
ee to la’ Crab. 1813 G. Epwarps fess:
True Pol. i Local Agency a to each
tributive phe! of the Kingdom. 1879 Daily News 16 Apr.
36 To use .. the profits derived from the distributive
on m ing industry,
b. Distributive justice, one of the two divisions
of Justice, according to Aristotle (the other being
Commutative) ; that which consists in the distribu-
tion of something in shares propamieaste to the
deserts of each among the several parties,
{The old Latin version of Aristotle's Ethics ¢ 1250 renders
Bravenntixoy Sixascov by distributivum justum; Aquinas,
in his commentary on the text, has distributiva justitia.)
x Etyot Gov. 1. i, Justice ..is.. d in two
kyndes or spices. The one is named iustyce distributiue,
which is in distribution of honour, money, benefite, or
other thinge semblable .. Justice distrib egi
to the persone. 1581 J. Bett //addon's Answ. Osor. 192
Neither doth therfore offend in Justice distributive,
if he have mercy on whom hee will have mercy : or if hee
doe harden whom he will harden. 1586 T. B. La Primaud.
Fr. Acad. \. 370 Distributive justice consisteth in
are corrupted at the source.
c. Hence, applied to that part of substantive
law, which is concerned with the determination of
rights, as distinguished, from the corrective, penal,
or vindicative part. f
1651 Honpes Govt, §& Soc. xiv. § 6. 216 The civill Law
(according to the two of the islator, W one
is to judge; the other to to 0 his
man hath his Right. bi
of a Law] which is called distributive, is Prohib
speaks to all, the second which is styled vindicative, or
nary, is mandatory, and conty speaks
iinistore, 1678 YounG Serm. at ‘hitehall 29 Dec. 7 11
Civilians distinguishing a Law into , the any
Part, which enjoyns the Duty, and the Distributive
which assigns the Punishment or the Reward.
4. Expressing distribution or division
dividuals ; spec. in Gram. Having reference to each
individual of a number or class, as distinguished
from the whole number taken together.
DISTRIBUTIVELY.
Distributive adjectives, the words each, either, neither,
every (the three first of which can also be used prono-
minally). Distributive numerals, in Latin, singuli, one
by one, 477, two by two, eic. ee:
1520 Wuitinton Vx/g. (1527) 5 b, Nownes distributives :
as nullus, neuter. 1530 Pasar. Introd. 29, I speke also
amongest the pronownes of nownes partityves and dis-
tributyves as foul, nul .. chascun, Ere 4 OUGE Comm.
Heb. i. 5 The distributive particle which (unto which of
the Angels) implieth a number of Angels. 1818-48 HALLAM
Mid, Ages (1872) 11.359 Dr. Lingard has clearly appre-
hended .. the distributive character of the words cord and
ceorl, 1824 L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) 1. 247-The dis-
tributive adjective pronouns, each, every, either, agree
with the nouns ., and verbs, of the singular number only.
1881 E, Avams Elem, Eng. Lang. 68 Distributive numerals
signify how many at a time. ere are no separate forms
to express them in English. s
5. Logic. Referring to each individual of a class
separately, and not to the whole class as made up
of these individuals. Opposed to collective.
1725 Watts Logic 1. iii. § x This sort of sophisms is
committed when the word a// is taken in a collective and
a distributive sense, without a due distinction. 1863 E. V.
NEALE Anal. Th. §& Nat. 253 A defect .. pointed out by
the sagacity of Sir William Hamilton, namely, the absence,
of the distributive words ‘all’ or ‘some,’ in the predicates
of its formal judgments.
6. Math. Operating (or expressing operation)
upon every part in operating upon the whole;
as distributive formula, function, operation, prin-
ciple, symbol.
1855 CarmicuaeL Calculus of Operations 8 A symbol ® is
said to be distributive when, « and v being two distinct
subjects, ® (w+v)=bu+0v, Jbid. 11 Any algebraic func-
tion of a distributive symbol is itself also distributive.
B. sb. 1. Gram. A distributive word : see A. 4.
1530 Parscr. 74 Pronownes, unto whiche I joyne .. parti-
tyves, distributyves and numeralles. 1612 Brixsiey Pos.
Parts (1669) 102 All Relatives, Interrogatives, Distribu-
tives, Indefinites..do lack the Vocative case. 1874 Morris
Hist. Eng. Gram. 98 Distributives express how many at
a time, as one dy one, one and one, by twos, two each, etc.
+2, That which is distributed. Ods.
@1635 Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 52 Parents .. though
they may expresse more affection to one in the abundance
of bequests, yet cannot forget some Legacies, just distribu-
tives, and dividents to others of their begetting.
Distributively (distri-biztivli), adv. [f. prec.
+ -LY*.] Ina distributive manner or sense.
a. By way or by means of distribution.
1626 T. H. Caussin’s Holy Crt, 42 He .. distributiuely
sowed it, vpon all the creatures of the earth. 1660 Mitton
Free Comm. (1851) 450 Communicating the natural heat of
Government and Culture more distributively to all..parts.
b. Laz. So as to be distributed between two
parties, each obtaining part of his plea.
1848 Wuarton Law Lex. 187 There are cases in which
an issue may be found distributively, 7. ¢. in part for plain-
tiff and in part for defendant.
ce. In relation to each individual of a number
separately ; opposed to collectively.
1597 Hooxer Lec? Pol. v. xlviii. § 12 Wee cannot be free
from all sinne collectiuely .. yet distributiuely .. all great
and grievous actuall offences..may and ought to be..
auoyded. 1652 T, WuitrieLp Doctr, Armin. 66 The word
ail is here to bee taken not distributively for every parti-
cular man, but collectively for all sorts, states, and con-
ditions of men. 1697 tr. Burgersdicius his Logic 1. xxvi.
123 This Fallacy consists in the Word 422, which if Collec-
tively taken, the Major indeed will be true, but the Minor
false. Ifthe Word A//is taken Distributively, the Major
will be false. 1876 Bancrorr Hist. U.S. V. xlviii. 75 In
Parliament, as the common council, the whole empire was
represented collectively, though not distributively. 1889
Ittincwortx Prodl. Pain in Lux Mundi (ed. 10) 114 The
mass of antmal suffering ..is felt distributively. No one
animal suffers more because a million suffer likewise.
d. Logic. Ina sense in which the term is applied
to each and every individual of a class. See D1s-
TRIBUTION 4b.
1843 Mitt Logic 1. iv. § 4. 114 When a general name
stands for each and every individual which it is a name of,
or in other words, which it denotes, it is said by logicians
to be distributed, or taken distributively. 1 Bowen
Logic v. § 2 (1870) 121 A Universal Judgment is one in
which the Predicate is affirmed of the whole Subject taken
distributively,, Thus a// men (i.e. each and every man)
are mortal. A
_Distri‘butiveness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.]
The quality of being distributive.
, 166 Fett Dr, Hammond § 2 (T.) That practice [of carv-
ing at the table] had another more immediate cause, a
natural distributiveness of humour, and a desire to be
employed in the relief of every kind of want of every ——
1884 Sir C. Bowen in Law Times Rep. LI. 163/2 A great
many other sections, where distributiveness is necessary,
Distributor (distri‘bizto1), Also 6 -our, 6-9
-er. [orig. f. DIsrRIBUTE v. + -ER; conformed to
_L. distributor, agent-n. f. distribucre: cf. F. dts-
tributeur (14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).] One who
distributes : see the verb. :
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W.) 11. xxxi. 105 b, So true &
feythfull a distributer of the counselles & graces of god.
1548 Uvatt, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. iii, 17 (R.) My
lerelye beloued sonne, the .. distributer of my goodnes
towardes you. | _ Chr. Prayers in Priv. Prayers (1851)
559 Faithful distributours of right and justice to the poor
commons of this Realm. 1614 B. Jonson Barth. Fair v.
ii, A deuourer, in stead of a distributer of the alms. 1738
Wareurton Div. Legat. 1. 70 The equal Distributer of
Rewards and Punishments. 1752 Jounson Rambler No.
204 P 2 Seged... the distributor of the waters of the Nile.
535
1884 H. Spencer in Contemp. Rev. July 42 Entire classes of
producers and distributors, which have arisen through divi-
sion of labour. 1888 [see DistrisuTinc]. ;
b. That which distributes; an appliance for
distributing,
1853 Catal. R. Agric. Soc. Show 76 The best broadcast
manure distributor exhibited. 1864 ¥ra/. R. Agric. Soc.
XXV., 11. 525 Put manure on with distributor. 188 Huxtey
in Nature No. 615. 345 The parts of the machine are merely
passive distributors of that power.
+e. Applied by Puttenham to the figure of speech
whereby the elements of a description, or the like,
are set forth one by one. Oés.
1589 Putrennam Poesie ut. xix, (Arb.) 230 A figure
very meete for Orators .. when we may .. vtter a matter
in one entier speach .. and will rather do it peecemeale and
by distribution of euery part .. and therefore I.name him
the distributor. JZarg. Merismus, or the Distributer.
Hence Distri‘butorship, office of distributor.
1825 New Monthly Mag. XVI. 60 How did he get his
stamp distributorship ?
Distri*butory, @. rare. = DISTRIBUTIVE a. (3).
1827 JarMAN Powell's Devises 11. 209 Until her distribu-
tory share were exhausted.
stri-butress.
A female distributor.
1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 85 Being so
bountifull a distributresse of your courtesies. 1634 Sir ‘Tl.
Hawkins tr, Manzini’s Pol. Observ. 28 Discretion ought to
be the distributresse of these treasures. 1830 Blachkw. Mag.
XXVII. 423 ‘he fair distributress.
+ Districate, v. Obs. rare-°. [f, Dis- 1 +
L. ¢rice perplexities, embarrassments ; after extri-
cate.] =DIsINTRICATE. So + Districa‘tion.
1632 SHERWOOD, To districate, extriguer. 1656 Birounr
Glossogr., Districate, to rid out of trouble or incumbrance.
1658 Puitwies, Districation, a ridding out of trouble.
+ District, a. Obs. [ad. L. déstrict-as severe,
strict, pa. pple. of distringére to draw asunder,
strain: see Disrrain and Srricr.] Strict, strin-
gent, rigorous; severe; exact.
1526 Pilger. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 263 b, Impossyble to
perseuer & contynue in thy district or sharpe exercyse of
vertues. 1583 Sruppes Anat. Adus. 1. (1877) 46 Aristotle
is so district in this point. 1656 SANDERSON Servz. Pref.
(1689) 6x ‘The most diligent, district, and unpartial search.
1700 H, J. Salvab. Heathen 26 A Righteousness consisting
in a Condecency of his Goodness and Mercy, and not in the
Rule of his district Holiness.
District (disstrikt), sd. [a. F. déstrict (16th c.
in Littré) ad. med.L. d¢strict-zes (1) the constraining
and restraining of offenders, the exercise of justice,
(2) the power of exercising justice in a certain terri-
tory, jurisdiction, (3) the territory under the juris-
diction of a feudal lord; f. L. @éstrict- ppl. stem
of distringére: see DISTRAIN.
(The explanation of the 17th c. legal antiquaries, ‘the
territory within which the lord may d/strasz’, is much
narrower than the notion involved in districtus.)\
+1. Law. The territory under the jurisdiction of
a feudal lord. Oéds.
161r Cotcr., District, a district ; the liberties, or precincts
of a place; the territorie, or circuit of countrey, within
which a Lord, or his Officers may iudge, compe]l, or call
in question, the inhabitants. [1641 7exmes de la Ley 125
Districtus is sometimes used for the circuit or territory,
within which a man may be thus compelled to appeare.]
1670 Brounr Law Dict., District, is the place in which
a Man hath the power of distreining, or the Circuit or
Territory wherein one may be compelled to appear. . Where
we say, Hors de son Fee, others say, Extra districtum
suum. f :
2. A portion of territory marked off or defined
for some special administrative or official pur-
pose, or as the sphere of a particular officer or
administrative body civil or ecclesiastical; e.g. a
police, postal, or registration district ; the Metro-
politan district, London postal district, that of a
Local Board or Urban Sanitary Authority.
1664 Jer. Taytor Dissuas. Pofery t. u. § 1 (R.) The de-
crees of general councils bind not but as they are accepted
by the several churches in their respective districts and
diocesses. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 403 ® 2 The several
Districts and Parishes of London and Westminster. 1834
S. Gosar Adyssinia 367 As soon as the son of a great man
has learned to read... his father gives him a district of
a greater or less extent. 1847 Act 10 Vict. c.15 § 43 Any
offence which shall take place within the Metropolitan
Police District. 186r Fro. Nicutincate Nursing 28 In
healthy ‘ registration’ districts, the mortality is low.
8. sfec. a. in England: A division of a parish,
having its own church or chapel and resident
clergyman, constituted under the Church Building
Acts, from 58 Geo. III, c. 45 onwards. Hence
district chapel, church, parish. (See CHAPEL 3 b.)
feel district: an ecclesiastical division formed
under 6 and 7 Victoria, c. 37, ‘having a minister
[f. Disrripuror + -Ess.]
‘licensed by the bishop and vested with limited
powers ’.
These ecclesiastical districts originally constituted per-
petual curacies ; they are now mostly for ecclesiastical pur-
poses distinct parishes, being vi es or rectories according
ad status of the benefice out of which they have been
taken, :
1818 Act 58 Geo. IIT, c. 45 § 2t In any case in which the
said Commissioners shall be of opinion that it is not ex-
| mn to divide any populous Parish or Extra Parochial
lace into such complete, separate, and distinct Parishes as
DISTRICT.
aforesaid, but that it is expedient to divide the same into
such Ecclesiastical Districts as they..may deem necessary
for the Purpose ofaffording Accommodation for the attending
Divine Service. .to Persons residing therein. did. § 24 The
churches and chapels respectively assigned to such Dis-
tricts shall, when duly consecrated for that Purpose, become
and be the District Parish Churches of such District
Parishes. 1822 Act 3 Geo. IV, c.72 § 10 To act on the
Vestry of such District or Division, and of the Church or
Chapel thereof. 1855 Timps Curiosities of London (1867),
St. Peter's, Saffron-hill, a district church of St. Andrew's,
Holborn. 1856 Waceran Ripon, etc. 110 A district par
has .. been assigned to this Church, 1866 J. M. Dar
Clergyman's Legal Handbk. (ed. 4) 34 Upon the new
church being consecrated in the Peel district, it becomes a
‘new parish for ecclesiastical purposes’, /d//. 25 The
patronage of the Peel districts and parishes, until otherwise
assigned, rests with the Crown and the bishop alternately.
b. One of the urban or rural subdivisions of a
county, constituted by the Local Government Act of
1894, and havingan Urban or Rural District Council.
1895 Whitaker's Almanac 667 (Parish Councils Act) The
whole country will be divided into districts, some of which
are borough urban districts, some urban districts other than
3oroughs, and some rural districts, each of which will have
its own council. Rural districts in most cases comprise
a large number of parishes. /é7d. 669 Rural districts are
those areas which occupy the whole of the country outside
London other than so much as is included in any borough
or any other urban district.
e. In British India: A division or subdivision of
a province or presidency, constituting the most
important unit of civil administration, having at
its head an officer called ‘Magistrate and Collector’,
or ‘ Deputy-Commissioner’, It corresponds to the
Zillah of earlier times.
Generally, four or more ‘districts’ constitute a ‘division’
under a ‘commissioner’; but in Madras presidency the
districts themselves are the primary divisions.
1776 7rial Fos. Kowke 2't (Stanf.) Having a demand on
the Dewan of the Calcutta District for .. 26,000 rupees.
1818 Jas. Minn Brit, dia (1840) V. 422 (Y.) In each
district, that is in the language of the country, each Zillah...
a Zillah Court was established. 1848 G. Wyatr Revelat.
Orderly (1849) 67 The Planters. .in the Chumparan district.
1885 Hunter /p. Gaz. India 1V. 416 Farakhabad bears
the reputation of being one of the healthiest Districts in the
Doab, 1886 Yure & Burnett Anglo-In& Gloss. 749
Zillah. .is the technical name for the administrative dis-
tricts into which British India is divided, each of which has
in the older provinces a Collector, or Collector and Magis-
trate combined, a Session Judge, &c., and in the newer
provinces, such as the Punjab. .a Deputy Commissioner,
d. In U.S. used in various specific and local
senses: e.g. a political division = election con-
stituency, as an assembly, congresstonal, or senate
district,
In some States the chief subdivision of a county (céz77,
magisterial, militia, justice's district), called in other
States fownships or towns. Formerly, in South Carolina=
county; elsewhere, a division of a State containing several
counties, Also, a division of the country, directly under the
control of Congress, and having no elective franchise, as
the federal District of Columbia; the District of Alaska
(formerly Russian America).
1800 M. Cutter in Life, Frnls. & Corr. (1888) II. 40
Much said about my being elected member for be district
ed.
in Congress. 1802 Brookes Gazetteer
township. 1 M. Townsenn U.S. 138 The District of
Columbia (including the national capital of Washington) ;
the District of Alaska.
e. The portion of country or of a town allotted
to or occupied by any person as the sphere of his
operations; particularly, a section of a parish
allotted to a lay ‘visitor’, working under the
clergyman.
1863 Mrs. Cartyte Ze??. III. 162 Visiting about in their
‘district’, and attending all sorts of meetings. 1 A. Ts
Quitter-Coucn in Echoes fr. Oxford Mag. (1890) 104
There’s no one to visit your ‘district’ Or make Mother
Tettleby’s soup. _A/od, For this purpose the town has been
divided into districts, and two canvassers appointed to each,
4, Any tract of country, usually of vaguely defined
limits, having some common characteristics; a
region, locality, ‘ quarter’.
1712 Brackmore Creation u. (R.) These districts which
between the tropics lie .. Were thought an uninhabitable
seat. 1776 Gipson Decl. §& F. i, The most extensive and
flourishing district, westward of Mount ‘l'aurus and the
river Halys, was dignified by the Romans with the exclu-
sive title of Asia. 1865 Lyett lem. Geol. (ed. 6) 79 Dis-
tricts composed of argillaceous and sandy formations. 1889
A. R. WaLiace Darwinism 222 Species [of birds] which.
inhabit open districts are usually protectively coloured.
Mod. The roughest carriage road in the Lake district. A
manufacturing district ; a purely agricultural district.
+5. fig. Sphere of operation; province, scope.
(In quot. 1704 used in f/.=limits, bounds.) Ods.
rare.
[1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. 1. i. 28 This Principle of
Life, [Ser and Intellection in Man called the Soul, hath
the Body as its Province and Districtus, wherein it exer-
ciseth these Faculties and Operations.] 1704 Swirr Zech.
Operat. Spirit Misc. (1711) 283 The first_and the last of
these I understand to come within the Districts of my
Subject.
DISTRICT.
6. attrib. and Comd., in sense ‘of, belonging to,
or allotted to a particular district’; as déstrict-
chapel, church, parish: see 3 a.; district-judge,
school, -superintendent, -surveyor, -visitor (whence
district-visit v. (humorous). District-attorney
(U.S.), the local prosecuting officer of a district ;
district-council, the local council of an Urban or
Rural District as constituted by the Parish Coun-
cils Act of 1894; hence district-councillor ;
district-court (U.S.), a court of limited jurisdic-
tion, having cognizance of certain causes within a
district, presided over by a district-judge.
1802 A, Hamitton Wes. (1886) VII. 30r It abolishes the
District Courts of Tennessee and Kentucky. 1823 P.
Nicuorson Pract, Build, 368 The District-Surveyors are
elected by the Magistrates. 1828 Wenster, District-judge,
the judge of a district court. District-school, a school
within a certain district of a town. New England. 1833 F. J.
Snore Noles Indian Affairs (1837) I. 136 There were
kazees .. who may be designated district judges. 1839
Act2& 3 Vict. c. 93 An Act for the Establishment of County
and District Constables. 1855 Act 18 & 19 Vict. c. 122 § 49
There shall be paid to the district surveyors .. such other
fees ., as may from time to time be directed by the Metro-
politan Board of Works, 1867 Smytu Saslor’s Word-bk.,
District Orders, those issued by a general commanding
a district. 1870 Miss Bripcman Ro. Lynne 1. iv. 43 ‘What
are the duties of a district-visitor?'.. ‘She scolds the men
for frequenting public-houses, abuses the women for being
idle and slatternly.’ /ézd. 44 When I am ill, I shall .. be
‘ district-visited ’,
The Chairmen of Districts in their several District meet-
ings. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commw, II. 1. xlix. 255 The
local prosecuting officer, called the district attorney. 1889
G. Fixptay Eng, Railway 14 In the more important dis-
tricts the District Superintendents are relieved of the man-
agement of the goods business by ‘ District Goods Managers’.
1894 7imes 19 Dec. 6/3 Returned at the head of the poll
for the urban district council. . The village shoe-maker heads
the poll for both the parish and the rural district council.
1895 Whitaker's Almanac 669 (Parish Councils Act) Urban
District Councils are but urban sanitary authorities under
a new name, and elected on the same system as town
councils in boroughs. Rural District Councils are a new
body, and take over the functions which guardians of the
poor, acting as rural sanitary authorities, discharged in
rural sanitary districts. /éid, 670 The elections of guardians,
and of urban and rural district councillors, are to take
place under rules issued by the Local Government Board.
District, v. [f. prec. sb.] trans. To divide or
organize into districts. Hence Di‘stricting vd/. sé.
1828 WesstER, Districted, divided into districts or definite
portions. Districting, dividing into limited or definite por-
tions. 1855 Mottey Dutch Rep. Introd. xii. (1866) 40 The
Netherlands like other countries are districted and farmed.
1869 Daily News 2 Sept., The town is in the hands of
certain groups of lawyers, and is districted by them. 1882
/bid. 16 June 5/4 Towns must be districted between them
{electric-lighting Companies] as London is between gas
and water Companies, 1888 in Bryce Amer. Commw. 11.
App. 648 Until such districting as herein provided for shall
be made. x W. K. Brooxs Amer. Oyster 195, I believe
that the districting plan is neither a real remedy nor the
best method for arresting the destruction. .
+ Distri‘ction. Ovs. [a. OF. distriction
rigour, severity, arbitrary control (Godef.), ad. L.
distriction-em, n. of action f. distringére: see Dis-
TRAIN, District a.) Strictness, severity, rigour.
cx4so tr. De Jmitatione 1. x, I 3aue all, & I wol haue
all ayen, & wip districcion I require pankinges. a@ 1631
Donne Serm. Yohn v. 22 (1634) 10 Earthly judges have
their districtions, and so their restrictions; some things
they cannot know. 1660 R, Coxe Power & Subj. 191
Justice and Secular distriction are necessary for the most
part in Divine Laws and Secular Institutes.
(The erroneous sense ‘Sudden display’ in J., copied in later
Dicts., is founded on a mistaken quotation of distinction
as distriction in 1697 Cottier Ess. Mor, Subj. u. xii. 118.)
+ Districtly, adv. Ods. [f. Districr a. +
-LY".] Strictly, stringently, severely.
156: tr. Pope Urban's Let, in Foxe A. & M. (1596) 218
(R.) We send our mandats again vnto your brotherhood oe
districtlie. .commanding you, that [etc.]. a 1665 J. Goop-
win Filled w. the Spirit (1867) 124 They..would not have
been so districtly and austerely abstemious. 1678 H. Mork
Lett, Sev, Subjects (1694) 28 He..has not had leisure to
observe things so closely and districtly,
+ Distri-ctness. Obs. rare. [f. as prec. +
-NESS.] Strictness, precision, exactitude.
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 11. (1625) 59 [It] challengeth
no such districtnesse..as was required in the other, /dz:.
110, I doe in all things commend fidelity and trust to be
performed where by districtnesse it is challenged.
Distri‘ctual a. rare. [f. med.L. districtu-s
District + “ALJ Of or belonging to a district.
1849 J. M. Kemate Saxons in Eng. Il, 106 We find no
traces of any districtual or missatic authority to whom these
officers could account. :
+Distri‘fe. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 1 or 5 + STRIFE.]
Strife, contention.
c 1450 Merlin 536 He wolde not haue. .distrif be-twene hem
two.
ll (distringes). Zaw. [a. L. dis-
tringas ‘thou shalt distrain’, 2 pers. pres. subj. of
distringére, in med.L. sense, being the first word
of the writ.] The name of a writ directing the
sheriff to distrain in various cases,
The main forms are, in Common Law: a. The distringas
to compef a) nce, where defendant has a place of resi-
dence in England or Wales, b. The distringas in detinue,
to compel the defendant to deliver goods by distresges upon
1885 Minutes Wesleyan Conference 370 |
536
his chattels, ¢. Distri: “juratores, empowering the
sheriff to distrain defaulting jurors to compel their appear-
ance. In Equity: d. A process issued against a corporation
ate in cases of disobedi to the or direc-
tions of the court. e. An order of the Chancery Court by
which the Bank of England or other public company is
restrained from permitting a transfer of stock or shares in
which a party claims to be interested, or from paying any
dividend on it,
1467 Ord. Worcesterin Eng. Gilds 391 That noseriaunt [take]
of eny citizen for ep om of a venire facias, habeas corpore
and destringas, for alle but vj d. 1607°-Mippteton Phenix
nl. iii, Wks, 1885 I. 157 Get your distringas out as soon as
Se can for a jury. a Art, agst. Sir H. Davenport in
ushw. Hist. Coll. 11. 1692) I. 336 Writs of Distringas ..
. directed to the several High Sheriffs of the said County
of York; whereby the said Sheriffs were commanded further
to distrain the said James Maleverer to appear as aforesaid.
1641 Termes de la Ley 125 Distringas is a Writ directed to
the Sheriffe or any other officer, commanding him to dis-
treine for a debt to the King, &c. or for his appearing at
aday. 1714 Scroccs Courts-Leet (ed. 3) 172 An Attach-
ment or Distringas to attach his Goods. 1768 BLAcksToNE
Comm. III, xxvii. (Jod.), The process against a body cor-
porate is by distringas to distrain them by their goods and
chattels, rents, and profits, till they shall obey the summons
or directions of the court. 1857 J. T. Smit Parish 50 A
distringas shall issue against the inhabitants to make them
repair it [bridge, highway etc.]. 3
Hence Distringas v. frans., to restrain by a
distringas.
1895 Law Times XCIX. 533/2.
|| Distrix (distriks). A/ed. [mod.L., f. Gr. dis
twice (Di-*) + Opig hair.] A disease of the hair,
in which it splits and divides at the end.
1811 in Hooper Med. Dict. 1822 J. M. Goop Study
Med. (1834) 1V. 517 ‘The terms athrix and distrix .. express
two of the species under this genus.
Distrou, distrowe, etc., obs. ff. Desrroy.
+ Distrouwblance. 0¢s. Forms: 5 distro-
blans, -troybulance, -trublance, 5-6 -trou-
blance, -tribulance. [f. next + -aANCE; prob.
after a corresponding F. form : cf. the earlier Dis-
TURBLANCE.] Disturbance, molestation.
ax4qo0 Burgh Laws \. (Sc. Stat. 1) Na greyff nor na
distroblans [solestia). c142§ Wyntoun Cron. vi. xliv. 4
Makand fellown Distroybulance. 1 Jas. III Let. in
C. Innes Sk. Early Sc. Hist. (1861) 393 Mak him nane
impediment, letting nor distroublance. 1§.. Exam. W,
Thorpe in Arb. Garner V1. 80 They .. may.. be the
more fervent [when] that all their outward wits be closed
from all outward seeing and hearing, and from all dis-
troublance and lettings. (1572 in Muniments Burgh of
Irvine (1891) II. 17 The saidis provest and baillies..sall..
cognosce and decerne thair apoun the wrang and distribu-
lance of the burgh.
+ Distrowble, v. Ols. Also des-, dys-
-troble, -trowbel, -truble, -trubill, -trybul.
[ME. a. OF. destrobler, -troubler, {. des-, L. dis- +
trobler, troubler to ‘TROUBLE, An etymologically
earlier OF. form of the latter was fordler, turdbler,
tourbler (:—L. *turbuldre), whence the earlier
ME. type desturble, -tourble, DISTURBLE. Trouble
had become at an early date the prevalent form
of the simple vb., and dzstrouble gradually super-
seded disturble, but itself scarcely survived to 1600,
Sc. distrybul, distribulance, etc., were app. asso-
ciated with L. ¢7zbudare to afflict, oppress. }
trans, To disturb, trouble greatly.
€1369 Cuaucer Dethe Blaunche 524, 1 am ryght sory yif
I have oughte Destroubled yow out of tre thoughte,
¢ 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints, Alexis 421 Pu has distrybulyt me.
ay Alexander 3167" As wawes of pe wild see when
wynd paim distrobles. 1413 Pilger. Sowle (Caxton 1483
ut. iv. 53 Thus haue ye by your fals es destroubl
my Royamme. c1g00 Lancelot 1292 Furth he goith, dis-
trublit in his hart. 1565 Gotpinc Ovid's Met. xm. (1593)
320 A brooke with raine distroubled new. regs 4 SKENE
Reg. Maj. 101, I defend. .that na man distrouble this court
valewfallie, vnder the paine that may follow. [W. Trn-
nant Pafistry Storm'd (1827) 102 Me had thir Lollards no
distrubill’d My denner had been nearly doubl’d.]
Hence + Distrou'bled £//. a., + Distrou'bling
vbl. sb.
1375 Barsour Bruce v, 216 The persy .. went vith thaim
. his castell till, Vithout distrowbilling or Ill. 1491 Caxton
Vitas Patr. (W. de W. 1495) 1. xliv. 75a/1 She. .hathe noo
dystrowblynge ne empeshement. 590 Spenser /. Q. ul,
iv. 12 n passions of distroubled spright, A
+ Distrou'ble, sd. Obs. rare. [f. prec. vb.] Dis-
turbance, molestation.
c1450 Merlin 545 No distrouble thei ne hadde till thei
com to Roestok. 1483 Caxton Gold, Leg. 306/1 To con-
strayne Impedymentes & destroubles (L. n/es¢antia).
+Distroubler, Ols. [£ prec’ v. +-ER: cf,
DistURBLER.] One who troubles or Py eee
1440 Promp. Parv. 123/2 Dystrobelar of pe pece [v. .
disturbeler), ¢urdator, pert or. 1§.. Exam, W.
Thorpe in Arb. Garner VI. 56 All suc
Holy Church. .
Distrue, distruie, obs. ff. DesrRroy.
+ Distru'ss, v. Obs: [ad. OF. destrousser to
unpack (mod.F. dérousser to unfasten), f. des-
(Dis- 4) + ¢rousser to pack, Truss.]
trans, To strip or plunder ; hence, to defeat, rout.
Also fig.
op an Bochas vi. vi. (1354) 144, The distrussing
of hys chiualrie. did. v1. ix. (1554) 155a, Pompey .. Dis-
trussed was, A yi; death. i476 Sir J. Pasvon in
Paston Lett. No. 776 11, 162 The Swechys.,berded hym
distroublers of —
DISTRUSTFUL.
at an onsett and hathe Pe hym. 1g27 Sf,
Pa, Hen, VIII, 1. 238 Mon* Mont had distrussed, taken,
oa Goat 2 grete carrikes of Ieane (Genoa).
b. To seize or off as plunder.
1548 Hart Chron., Hen. VIIT, (an. 5) (1800) 539 So thei
distrussed the victailes and FSi AERC Vecx-.&
flei toward Guisnes.
Distrust (distrast), sd. [f. Dis- 9 + Trust
sb.; cf, next.] Absence or want of trust ; lack of
confidence, faith, or reliance ; doubt, suspicion.
1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) 11. 809 .-in such
hatred and distrust of other. 1581 Petrie 's Civ,
Conv, 1. 19b, Through distrust in himselfe, or for some
other defect. . Harris /ron Age 291 The Ger-
mans, by their dissentions, and distrusts, have much
weak; the Empire. 1752 Jounson Rambler No. 194
P 10 So little distrust has my pupil of his own abilities,
1798 Sourney Sonnets xi, a speedy friend, the
Arabian said, And wisely was it he advised distrust.
Macautay Hist. Eng. I. 258°A deep mutual distrust whi
had been many years growing..made a treaty impossible.
b. The fact of being distrusted ; loss of credit.
1667 Mitton P. L. xt. 166 To mee reproach Rather belongs,
distrust and all dispraise. :
ce. Breach of trust, the proving false to trust.
~ 1667 Mitton P. Z. 1x. 6 Foul distrust and breach Dis-
loyal on the part of Man, revolt, And disobedience.
Distrust (distra'st), v.
[f. Dis- 6 + Trust v.;
perh. after L. d¢ftdere. Found intrans. in “eae
but app. not in ordinary use till the 16th c.
+1. intr. a. with of: To have a doubt or dread
of; to suspect. [Cf OF. difier de.| Obs.
1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy 1. vi, I durst not, di of
myschyefe, Accomplyshe — it came to the e.
+b. with of, 7, to: To be without confidence in.
1576 Freminc Panopl. Epist. 25 To write more touching
this point, I..am ashamed, least I should seeme to distrust
of your wisedome. 1582 N. Licneriep tr. Castanheda's
Cong. E. Ind. \xxi. 144 Howe sadde and heauie .. he went
away distrusting in the victory. 1654 R. Coprincton tr.
Justine 231 Distrusting to their arms, /éid., Distrusting
to the Macedons. 1671 H. M. tr. Collog. Erasm. 208 Dis-
trusting in mine own strength, I wholl rely upon him,
+c. with for: To doubt or fear for the safety
of. Ods.
1693 Mem. Ct. Teckely 1. 3 marg., The Hungarians dis-
trust for their Civil Priviledges. .
2. ¢rans. To do the opposite of trusting; to
withhold trust or confidence from ; to put no trust
in, or reliance on, the statements or evidence of.
1548 Upatt, etc. Erasm, Par. Matt. v. (R.), He y*
requireth y* othe doeth distrust that other partie, 160r Suaks.
Twel. N.W. iii. 13, 1 am readie to distrust mine eyes, And
wrangle with my reason that perswades me To any other
trust. 1710 BerkeLtey Princ. Hum, Knowl.§ 88 We see
philosophers distrust their senses, and doubt of the existence
of heaven and earth. 1776 Gispon Deci. §& F. I. xix. a
He feared his generals, and distrusted his ministers.
Prescorr Peru II. 241 Any one who has occasion to com-
ary his narrative with that of contemporary writers will
nd frequent cause to distrust it.
absol. 1602 Saks. Ham. u. ii, 175 Though I distrust,
Discomfort you (my Lord) it nothing must.
b. To entertain doubts concerning; to call in
question the reality, validity, or genuineness of ;
not to rely upon.
a A. Day Eng. Secretary t. (1625) 87 Thy knowne good
will..assureth me not to distrust the same at thy hands,
1611 Bisie 2 Macc. ix. 22 Not distrusting mine health, but
hauling Areat hope to escape this sicknes. 1781 Gisson Decé.
§ F. 111, 63 A tyrant, whose. . officers appeared to distrust,
either the justice, or the success, of his arms. 1875 Jowerr
Plato (ed. 2) 1, 28, I altogether distrust my own power of
determining this.
+e. with zzf Not to trust, to have no con-
fidence. Ods.
1626 C, Porter tr. Sarpi’s Hist. Quarrels 144 The Pope,
distrusting to obtaine from Leas that which he desired.
ks. 1738 I. 103, 1 shall not
1642 Mitton Afol, Smect.
distrust to be acquitted of pr
+4. with infin. phr. or clause: To have suspi-
cion ; to suspect. Ods.
1628 Witner Brit. Rememd, Pref. 190 Distrust, that we
discry their secret'st plots. 1660 F'. Brooke tr. Le Blane's
Trav. 292 The Arabians, whom he distrusted to be of his
nephews party. 1707 Curios. in Hush. & Gard. 331, 1 dis-
trust that Monconys had added something of his own to
what Kircherus told him.
Hence Distru:sted /f/. a., Distru‘sting vd/. sb.
and pf. a.
1549 CoverDaLe, etc. Erasm. Par. A i. 6 (R.), Let him
ask without Maree a heey doubt or wauering. 1621
Frorio, Sfidate, chal nged, defied, distrusted, 1614 Br.
Hatt Recoll. Treat. 97 A base and distrusting mind.
Jer. Tavtor Holy Dying iv. § 1 (R.), God hath creat;
physician for thine }: therefore use him ..
uncivil distrustings. x!
Distrusting Man ! lous sight.
*Distru-ster. [f. prec. vb.+-ER'.] One who
distrusts.
1636 Hensuaw Hora Succ. 122 When our Saviour would
ut to silence the distrusters of his time. 1889 Horm (U.S.)
ee 502 Distrusters of human nature. 1893 West, Gas.
22 Nov. 7/2 Distrusters of trades unions.
Distrustful (distrz'stfiil), a. [f. Distrust
sb. +-FUL,]
1. Full of or marked by distrust in oneself or
others ; wanting in confidence, diffident ; doubtful,
suspicious, incredulous,
Suaxs. 1 Hen, VI, 1. ii. 127 Distrustfull_ Recreants,
Fiche till the last gaspe: ile be yourguard. @x600 Hooxer
Rosr. Witson Pleas. Piety u.
re
.
ppl. a.
DISTRUSTFULLY.
Serm. Faith in Elect Wks. 1888 III. 473 By distrustful and
doubtful em ans, of that, which we ought stedfastly to
ieve. 1654 Trarp Comm. Ps. xxvii. x Faith fortifieth the
heart against distrustful fears. 1748 Cursterr. Le/¢. (1792)
IL. clxi. 82 Being justly distrustful that men in general look
upon them in a trifling light. 18:0 Sournry Aehama v1. vi,
Distrustfal of the sight, She moves not, fearing to disturb
The deep and full delight. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl, II. x. 103,
I became. .distrustful as to the chance of our ever living to
gain the open water. : :
2. Causing or giving rise to distrust. (Cf. seespz-
cious, fearful, doubtful, in analogous use.) rare.
1618 //ist. P. Warbeck in Select. Harl. Misc. (1793) 70
Loth to remain amongst such distrustful enemies, he quietly
returned to his most assured friend, the ay Margaret.
1685 Lond. Gaz. No. 2100/5 In despight of all Turbulent,
Seditious, and Distrustful Principles. 1840 Dickens O/d C.
Shop xv, Places that had shown ugly and distrustful all
night long, now wore a smile.
Distra: , adv. [f. prec. + -LY2.] In
a distrustful manner; with distrust ; suspiciously.
1611 Cotcr., Souspeconneusement, suspitiously, distrust-
fully. x16x2 T. Taytor Comm. Titus ii. 12 Neither be so
distrustfully prouident, as though thou hadst no father to
rouide for thee. 1653 Mitton Psadms iii. 5 Many are they
That of my life distrustfully thus say, ‘No help for him in
God there lies’, 1859 Dickens 7. 77vo Cities 1. ii, The
- guard..and the two other passengers eyed him distrust-
fully.
Distrustfulness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.]
The quality or state of being distrustful; want of
confidence, diffidence ; suspiciousness.
1577 tr. Budlinger’s Decades (1592) 500 Originall sinne, that
is the hatred of God. -foolishnesse, distrustfulnesse, despera-
tion, 163 Gouce God's Arrows 11. § 80. 336 Distrustful-
nesse, and doubting of good successe. 1860 W. CoL.ins
Wom, White i. iv. 444 Whom the ceaseless distrustfulness
of their governments had followed privately.
Distru'stiness. Os. vare—'. [f. an as-
sumed adj. *distrusty (f. Dis- 10 + Trusty) +
-NESS.] = prec.
1579 Iwyne Phisicke agst. Fort. u. cxix. 321 a, He applied
him selfe vnto the want of fayth in him, with whom he com-
muned, or the distrustinesse of the time in which he liued.
+ Distru'stless, «. Ols. [f. Distrust sd. +
-LESS.] Void of distrust, doubt, or suspicion ;
confident ; unsuspecting,
1611 SpeED //ist. Gt. Brit. 1x. viii. § 48 [This] made him
distrustlesse of attaining easily his wished successe. 1615
G. Sanpys Trav. iv. 234 Droue the distrustlesse Turkes ..
into the sterne, 1728 Morcan A dgiers I. Pref. 13 Distrust-,
less Hans was seized on. @1763 SHENSTONE Economy 1. 66
Poets..distrustless, scorn the treasured gold.
Distruy(e, distrye, obs. forms of Destroy.
Distuing, var. Distincur v. Obs.
Distune (disti#-n),v. [f. Dis-6 or 7+ Tune.]
trans. To put out of tune. Hence Distu:ned
1484 Caxton Lyfe Our Ladye Div/2 (R. Supp.), The
clapper of his distuned belle. 1598 Sytvester Du Bartas
u. 1. Furies Argt., Their Harmonie dis-tuned by His iarre,
1664 J. Witson Andronicus Comnenius u. iii, Distune a
viol, And you may set it to what tone you please. 1755
Pearsatt Contempt. Harvest (ed. 2) 1. 177 His harp, .dis-
tuned in every string. 1887 SwinsurNE Locrine iv. i. 209
A broken chord Whose jar distunes the music.
Jig. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretary 1. (1625) 96 Where the
spirits are so distuned. 1667 FLavet Saint Indeed (17 54) 04
It [anger] distunes the spirit for duty. 180x Lams ¥. Woodvil
1v, O most distuned and distempered world. 1887 Swin-
BURNE Locrine 1, i, 292 What thought distempers and
distunes thy woe?
Disturb (distd1b), v. Forms: 3-6 des-, dys-,
4-6 dis-, -torbe, -tourbe, -turbe, 6 distowrb,
-trub, -troub, 6- disturb. [ME. destorden,
destourben, a. OF. destorbe-r, -turbe-r, -tourbe-r, =
Pr., OSp. destorbar (Sp. disturbar), It. disturbare,
sturbare:—L. disturbare to throw into disorder,
disturb, f. Dis- 5 + ¢urbdre to disorder, disturb, f.
turba tumult, turmoil, crowd.]
1. trans. To agitate and destroy (quiet, peace,
rest); to break up the quiet, tranquillity, or rest of (a
person, a country, etc.) ; to stir up, trouble, disquiet.
, ¢1290 Beket 1268 in S. Eng. Leg. 142 A destaunce pare
is i-sproungue, li3tliche in Engelonde, Pat destourbez al pat
lond, R. Grove. (1724) ynges neuew, bo he
herde pis, Was wrob, and pol de al be court y ig
1387 Trevisa //igden (Rolls) 11. 347 Jupiter pat was ful
cruel and desturbed pe pees.
1467 in Exg. Gilds (1870) 408
Wherby the kynges pes be phen Be] 1530 Patscr. 522/1,
I have a sewte to you, but I dare nat distourbe you. did.
523/t, I distroybe, I troubyll. 1392 Suaxs. Row. & Ful.1.i.
98 Three ciulff Broyles. .Haue thrice disturb’d the quiet of
our streets. 1 RYDEN Virg. Georg. 1v. 279 No buzzing
Sounds disturb their Golden Sleep. 17or De For True-born
Eng. 1. 9 No Nonconforming Sects disturb his Reign. 1882
Pesopy Eng. Yournalism xxiii. 185 Burmah was disturbed,
a correspondent was i ly despatched to Mandalay.
1885 Marg. Satissury Speech 4 Nov., Lord Granville says
that I have disturbed the Sleeping lion.
b. To throw into a state of physical-agitation,
commotion, or disorder ; to agitate.
1599 H. Burres Dyets drie Dinner B iij, Mulberries ..
Breede winde: disturbe the stomacke. 1650 H. VauGuan
Silex Scint. 1, (1858) 105 The famous fan Purging the floor
which chaff distur! 1665 Sir ‘I, Hersert 7rav. (1677) 24
he sea raged and seemed disturbed as it is under don-
bridge. 1817-18 SHELLey Rosalind § H. 838 Like an image
in the lake Which rains disturb.
ce. To move anything from its settled condition
or position ; to unsettle, :
Vou, III,
537
1664 Evetyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 215 Disturb not their
Beds, but hand-weed them, 1815 SHELLEY Alastor 261
With lightning eyes, and eager breath, and feet Disturbing
not the drifted snow. 1856 Emerson “ug. 7rails, Lit.
Wks. (Bohn) II. 103 A strong common sense, which it is
not’ easy to unseat or disturb, marks the English mind for
a thousand years. Mod. Do not disturb the plants after they
show signs of bloom. Plant it in some permanent position
where it will not be disturbed.
2. To agitate mentally, discompose the peace of
mind or calmness of (any one) ; to trouble, perplex.
¢1305 Edmund Conf. 369 in E. E. P. (1862) 80 Per ne ful
no3t a reynes drope to desturbi a manes mod. 1382 Wyctir
Ecc, vii. 8 [7] Chaleng disturbeth [1388 disturblith] the wise
man. a 1400-50 Alexander 5159 Pan was ser Candoile in
pat cas kenely distourbid. md RANT Horace Epist. v1.
C viij, Both parties are distrubde with feare. 1684 R. H.
School Recreat. 85 Let not this or any other Pastime dis-
turb your Minds. 1752 Jounson Rambler No. 204 P 13
Having been first disturbed by a dream, he afterwards
grieved that a dream could disturb him. 1856 FrouprE ///s¢.
Eng. (1858) I. ii. 150 She was not a person who would have
been disturbed by the loss of a few Court vanities.
3. To interfere with the settled course or operation
of; to put out of its course; to interrupt, derange,
hinder, frustrate.
c1290 Beket 380in S. Eng. Leg. I. 117 Pe loue was euere gret
i-nou3 bi-tweone seint thomas And pe Kinge, for-to pe feond
destourbede hit, allas! ¢1380 S7r Ferm, 2456 pe bef ber ri3t
scholde haue leyen by ys lef, Nad he come po as god wolde
& distorbed bat myschef. ¢1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxi. 98
Men may ga sauely and sikerly thurgh his land and na man
beso hardy to disturbe bam. 1513 More in Grafton Chron.
(1568) II. 788 She devised to disturbe this mariage. 1626
Bacon Sylva § 224 Sounds that moue in Oblique and Arcuate
Lines must needs encounter and Disturbe the one the
other. 1784 Cowrer Vash 11. 492 Praise. .Is oft too welcome,
and may much disturb The bias of the purpose. 1875 JowEerr
Plato (ed. 2) 1V. 42 Ina mathematical demonstration an error
in the original number disturbs the whole calculation which
follows. 1883 Sir W. WittiaMs in Law Times Rep, XLIX.
139/2 No sufficient grounds have been shown for disturbing
that judgment or for granting a new trial.
+b. with z2zf. To hinder by interference. Ods.
1386 Cuaucer Meld, » 11 He is a fool that destourbeth
the mooder to wepen in the deeth of hire childe, til sche
haue wept hir fille, as for a certein tyme. ¢ 1391 — Astro/.
I. § 2 This ring rennyth .. in so Rowm a space that hit dis-
turbith nat the instrument to hangen aftur his rihte centre.
+4. With of, from: To deprive of; to drive, turn,
or draw away from, by disturbance. Ods.
a1225 Ancr. R. 162 He .. pet no muruhde, ne noise, ne
prung of folc ne muhte letten him of his beoden, ne disturben
im of his god. ¢1305 Kdmund Conf. 417 in £. E. P. (1862)
82 Ne let noman in gon To desturbi me of mie studie. ¢ 1386
Cuaucer Pard, Prol. & 7, 12 (Ellesm.) ‘That no man be so
boold..Me to destourbe [so Hengwrt, Corpus, Harl. 7334;
Lansd, destorble, Bod?, 686 distrouble] of Cristes hooly
werk, 1658 RowLanp Moufet's Theat, Ins. 899 Bees are
most patient of labour in the day time, but most impatient
of being scared in the night, and of being disturbed of their
rest. 1667 Mitton P, L. 1, 168 So as perhaps Shall grieve
him. .and disturb His inmost counsels from their destind aim.
b.. Law. To deprive of the peaceful enjoyment
or possession of. See DistuRBANCE 4.
(rz92 Britton mu. xxv. § i, Ceux qi de commune sount
engittez ou destourbez. ¢vans/, ‘Those who are ejected or
disturbed of their common.] 1541 Acé 33 Hen. VITT, c. 32
‘The vicar of the parishe.. wolde now disturbe the said
tenauntes and inhabitauntes of their saide parishe church.
1865 NicHots Aritton I. 285 If one of the parceners be
ejected or disturbed of his seisin. 1870 FisHEr Digest Rep.
Cases Il. 3319 An action against a stranger for disturbing
the plaintiff in his pew.
+ Disturb, 5. Ols. _
disturbing ; a thing that disturbs ; disturbance.
[1594 Suaks. Rich. /7/, 1. ii. 73 Foes to my Rest, and my
sweet sleepes disturbers [Qg. disturbes].] 1597 DanieL Civ.
Wars v1. x\vii, From all Disturbs to be so long kept free.
1667 Mitton P. L. vi. 549 Instant without disturb they took
Allarm, And onward move Embattelld.
[a. OF. destor-
Disturbance (distd-1bans).
bance, destour-, destur- (12th c. in Godef.), f. des-
[f. the vb.] An act of
tourber to DISTURB: see -ANCE.] The action of |
disturbing or fact of being disturbed,
1. The interruption and breaking up of tranquil-
lity, peace, rest, or settled condition; agitation
(physical, social, or political).
1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 436 Pe erl Tebaude de Bleys. .dys-
toutped pe peys, And 5 aa yng Henryes rede made des-
tourbance. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvit. clxxxvi.
(1495) 727 Of suche dystourbance and stryfe and contrary-
nesse comyth stronge boyllyng and dureth vnto the hete hath
maystry. 1 Ord. Worcester in Eng. Gilds 388 Disturb-
aunce of the seid pease, 1576 FLeminc Panofi. Epist. 334
That hee might live quietly in Rome: for..some there were
that sought hisdisturbaunce. 1662 J. Davies tr. Mandels/o's
Trav. 256 Such as tend to the disturbance of the publick
peace. 1665 Sir T. Herpert 7yav. (1677) 30 The Sea was
.. smooth, and no disturbance by wind to curl the waves,
rto make it frothy, 1741-2 H. WatroLe Lett. H. Mann
Cissy) I. xviii. 63 The. election without any disturb-
ance. 1855 Bain Senses § /ut. 1. ii. § 2 In most cases of bodily
irritation we can assign the place or seat of the disturbance.
1860 ‘TyNDALL Glac. I. vii. 49 The slightest disturbance was
sufficient to bring them down.
b. with ¢@ and g/.: An instance of this; sfec. a
breach of public peace, a tumult, an uproar, an out-
break of disorder.
Atmospheric disturbance, a change in atmospheric condi-
tions putting an end to calm weather.
1297 R. Grouc., (1724) 514 ‘Tho bigan ther in this lond
a newe destourbance. 1 Frorio, Sturbo, sturbamento,
a trouble, a vexation, a disturbance, 1608 SHaks, Per. UL
DISTURBED.
ii. 37, I can speak of the disturbances That nature works,
and of her cures. 1667 Mitton P. L. x. 897 Innumerable
Disturbances on Earth through Femal snares. 1844 H. H.
Witson Brit. /ndia 11, 98 With their apprehension the dis-
turbances ceased. 1875 Cham. Frul.cxxxit. 8 Telegraphic
intelligence of storms or atmospheric disturbances. 1
Daily News 30 Oct., A disturbance will arrive on the North
British and Norwegian Coasts . attended by. .strong winds
or gales, rain or snow.
2. Interruption of mental tranquillity or cquani-
mity; mental agitation, excitement, discomposure.
1387 Trevisa Higiden (Rolls) III. 207 (Matz.) Pictagoras
wip harpe and strenges cessede be destourbaunce of wittes.
1398 — Barth. De P. R.v.v. (1495) 108 In the eyen is
seen and knowen the distourbaunce and gladnesse of the
soule. 1576 FLteminc Panofl. Epist. 204 ‘Yo any ones dis-
turbaunce and vexation, 1665 Sir T. Hersert 7rav.
(1677) 23 To allure the hearts of greedy men, to afford them
disturbance, 175 Jounson Rambler No. 126 » 7 One
whose reigning disturbance was the dread of house-breakers.
1858 J. Martineau Stud. Chr. 271 The dislike felt by the
comfortable classes towards the trouble of thought and the
disturbance of thought.
3. Interference with the regular or due course or
continuance of any action or process ; molestation.
¢ 1340 Cursor M. 7700 (Trin.) Saul sou3te dauid to quelle
Often fel so be chaunce Was pere but goddes disturbaunce.
1393 Gower Conf. 1.181 Envie.. began to travaile In dis-
turbaunce of this spousaile. c1q00 Berxyn 3981 A saff con-
dit.. That he may com & pas withouten disturbaunce. 1513
More in Grafton Chyon, II. (1568) 766 ‘This demeanor
attempted. .against the king..in the disturbance of his
coronation. 1578 T. N. tr. Cong. W. /ndia 102 ‘To withstand
his men from disturbance of his enterprise. 1711 ADDISON
Spect, No. 262 P 6 That he may let the ship sail on without
disturbance. 185r Ruskin Stones Ven, (1874) I. xx. 218 We
are to follow the labour of Nature, but not her disturbance,
4. Law. (See quet. 1765-9.)
[1292 Britton 1. xi. § 7 Et ausi est home disseisi quel
houre ge ly ou sa meyné soit destourbé de user sa peissible
seisine par autre qi i cleyme fraunc tenement par teles des-
tourbances.] 1598 CArld Marriages 164 He, the said Robert
Fletcher, shall.,enioie the same shop as tenant. . without the
lett or disturbans of the said John Allen, his executors, or
Assignes. 1613 Sir H. Fixcu Law (1636) 291 An assise
which may bee either of his owne or his ancestors possession
called an assise of darrein presentment is upon a disturbance
when himselfe or his ancestor did last present. 1765-9
Brackstone (Mason), Disturbance is a wrong done to some
incorporeal hereditament, by hindering or disquieting the
owners in their regular, and lawful enjoyment of it. 1768
— Comm, 111, 236 Disturbance of franchises happens, when
a man has the franchise of holding a court-leet, of keeping a
fair or market [etc.] and He is disturbed or incommoded in
the lawful exercise thereof. 1848 Wuarton Law Lex,
Disturbance.,Vhere are five sorts of this injury, viz., dis-
turbance of (1) franchise, (2) common, (3) ways, (4) tenure,
and (s) patronage.
+ Distu'rbancy. 0¢s. rare. [f. prec. or next:
see -ANCY.] Condition or state of disturbance.
1597 Daniet Civ. Wars vit. xcix, As exiles even from your
homes You live perpetuall in disturbancy. 1603 — ///st.
Poems (1717) 350 Some Hearts are blinded so, that they
Have divers Doors whereby they may let out ‘Their Wills
abroad without Disturbancy.
ad. L.
Disturbant (distdabant), @. and sé.
disturbant-em, pr. pple. of disturbare to DISTURB:
see -ANT. Cf. AF. destourbant.]
A. adj. That disturbs; agitating, disquieting.
1617 Bayne On Eph. (1658) 12 Disturbant aberrations
deprived us of all peace. 1645 Arraignm. Persecution 30
Their Religion though different was not disturbant to the
State. 1702 C. Martner Magn. Chr, vu. ii. (1853) IL. 497
‘These things were. .disturbant and offensive. 1829 SouTHEY
O. Newman ix, Had they from such disturbant thoughts
been free. 1856 Ruskin Mod. Paint. ILI. 1. iv. § 12. 52
The fantasy which I have just been blaming as disturbant
of the simplicity of faith.
B. sé. One who disturbs; a disturber. a. Law.
= DISTURBER 2.
1865, Nicnots Britton 11. 172 In cases of contumacy ; as,
where the tenant or the disturbant [/e tenaunt ou le des-
tourbant] appears in court, and contemptuously departs.
b. = DIsSTURBER I.
1894 Catholic News 16 June 7/2 The disturbants gained
admission to the park by a wicket. ;
Hence + Distu'rbantly adv., by way of disturb-
ance. Ods.
@1617 Bayne On Eph. (1658) 138 They are not able dis-
turbantly to assail us. ; :
+Disturba'tion. Ods. [ad. L. disturbation-
em, n. of action from désturbare to DIsTURB.] The
action of disturbing ; = DistURBANCE,
1529 Will of Sir }. Dighy, Leicestersh. (MS.) Without
‘ett or interruption or disturbacon of the said John Digby.
xsg0 R. Hicucock Quintessence Wit 54, To deliuer their
owne kingdomes from those disturbations. 1658 A. Fox
Wurtz’ Surg. 1. v. 59 Tarrying would ‘prove.. prejudicial
to the wounded, by reason of his bleeding, and other dis-
turbatioris. 4 Z
Distuwrbative, «. vare. [f. L. désturbat- ppl.
stem +-IVE: see -ATIVE.] Of disturbing tendency
or character.
1842 Miss Coste.to Pilger. Auvergne \. 77 Our journey,
independently of the disturbative character of our driver,
was pleasant. 1846 — Your Venice 143 Monza, which
formerly had a monastic character of quiet silence, is now
noisy and disturbative.
Disturbed (distd-1bd, -éd), Af7. a. [f. DisturB
v. + -ED1,] Disquieted; agitated; having the
settled state, order, or position interfered with.
rsg2 Suaxs. Ven. & Ad. 340 He..Looks on the dullearth
ith disturbed mind. 1601 — Jud. C. 1. iii. 40 gas dis-
DISTURBEDLY.
turbed Skie is not to walk in. 1763 Scrarton Jndostan
7 0) 50 He had ever after a disturbed imagination. 1830
sraewt Chas. /, 111. i, 9 Four years of a disturbed reign
had taught the Sovereign some lessons. 1838 J. W. CRokER
in C. Papers (1884) II. xx, 323 Rheumatism in his neck ..
ves him a distur! air, 1860 Tyna Glac. u. xvii. 315
crevasses. .in the more disturbed portions of glaciers.
Hence Distu'rbedly (-édli) adv.; Disturbed‘
ness.
1731 Baie (ed. 5), Disturbedly, interruptedly. /did.,
Disturbedness, disorderliness, interruption. 1807 SouTHEY
Espriella’s Lett. U1. 339 The dog is uneasy .. and the cat
wanders disturbedly from room to room.
Disturber ((listd-1bo1). Also 3-5 -our, 6-9 -or.
[ME. a. AF. destourbour = OF. destorbeor :—L.
type *disturbator-em, agent-n, from disturbare to
DIstTuRB.]
1. A person or thing that disturbs, disquiets, or
interferes with peace or quiet; one who causes
tumult or disorder; a troubler.
c1ago Beket 1102 in S. Eng. Leg. 1.138 He was fals and
for-swore: and destourbour of pe londe. 1548 Act 2& 3
Edw, V1, c. 23. § 2 Inflicting all such Pains upon the Dis-
obedients and Disturbers [of matrimony]. 1588 Suaxs.
Tit, A.1v. iv. 6 How euer these disturbers of our peace
Buz in the peoples eares. “a R. Goprrey Jay. §& Ad.
Physic 8 That are rather disturbers than aiders of Nature.
1 Wycuertey Let. to Pope 1 Apr., There I can have you
without Rivals or Disturbers. 1764 Westey ¥rn/. 10 Sept.,
Only one man, a common disturber, behaved amiss. 1883
Froupe in Contemp. Rev. XLIV. 14 Little inclined ..to
favour a disturber of the public peace.
2. Law. (also disturbor.) One who disquiets or
hinders another in the lawful enjoyment of his
right : see esp. quot. 1767.
1498-9 Plumpton Corr. 133 To hae a spoliacion in the
spirituall court agaynst the preyst that now occupyeth,
because he is one disturber. 1726 AyLiFFE Parergon 41
When a Bishop refuses a Clerk for Insufficiency, and the
Patron thereupon presents another, such Bishop shall be
deemed a Disturber, if he afterwards within the six months
presents the first Clerk presented to him, *787 BLACKSTONE
Comm. 11. 278 If the bishop refuse or neglect to examine
and admit the patron’s clerk, without good reason assigned
or notice given, he is stiled a disturber by the law, and shall
not have ay title to present by lapse. 1865 Nicnois Britton
Iv. i. § 2 Unless the disturbor or deforceor [/e destourbour ou
deforceour] can shew plain reasons to the contrary.
stu‘rbing, 74/.5). [f. DistuR v. + -1NG1.]
The action of the verb DisturB; disturbance.
(Now only gerundial.)
I Ayenb. 225 Alneway he may bleue ine his spoushod
yee ne is non oper destorbinge. 1 Wycur Ps, xxx.
21 Thou schalt hide them in the hid place of thi face ; fro
the disturbyng of men [Vulg. conturbatione ; 1388 distur-
blyng). 1597 J. Kinc On Yonas (1618) 76 Discountenancings,
disturbings, dispossessings of them, [1776 G.Sempte Build-
in, in Water st The disturbing our Stages, Utensils, &c.]
stu'rbing, ///. a. [f. as prec. + -ING*.]
That disturbs ; see the verb.
1592 Suaxs. Ven. §& Ad. 649 Where Love reigns, disturbe-
ing Jealousy Doth call himself Affection’s sentinel. 1812-6
Prayrair Nat. Phil. (ed. 3) 11. 259 From the disturbing force
in the direction of the radius vector, he determined the Moon's
nearest approach to the Earth, and farthest recess from it.
1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 3 This uncertainty .. is a
disturbing element. ; re
Hence Distu'rbingly adv., disquietingly.
1880 New Virginians 1. 200 The old man groaned. .louder
and more disturbingly. 1886 H. James Bostonians 11. 11.
xxiv, 120 She was so disturbingly utiful.
+Disturblance, Ods. [f. next + -aNcE:
prob, from a corresponding AF. form: cf. Dis-
TROUBLANCE.] = DISTURBANCE.
¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 8141 Seys now
hym al pe desturblance, & where-of comep pat wonder
chaunce. 1430 Pilger. Lyf Manhode u. v. (1869) 77 Pe
disturblaunce cometh of bin ouertrowinge. c¢1449 Pecock
Repr. 401 Grete..disturblauncis and debatis. c¢ 1450 St.
Cuthbert (Surtees) 4629 Wha so did paim disturblaunce.
+ Distu'rble, v. Ods. Also des-, -tourble.
(ME. a. OF. destorbler, -turbler, -tourbler, f. des-
Dis- 1 + fordler, turbler, tourbler, early forms of
trobler, troubler to TROUBLE (:—L. *turbulare, f.
turbula, turbare). In the simple verb, the form
trouble was from the first prevalent; in the
derivative, des-, disturble was the earlier form, and
(supported by DisrurB) survived to ¢ 1500, when
it yielded to DistROUBLE (q.v.).]
trans. To disturb, trouble.
¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron, Wace (Rolls) 1106 pat pey ne
4 nought vs to wrye, Ne desturble me my weye. ¢1380
yeLir Sel, Wks. III, 134 Ire distourblis monnis witte.
ros xiv. 26. cx1400 Three Kings Cologne 9
All pe citee was gretlich desturbled of her sodeynlic’
pees ba 1440 Promp, Parv. 123/1 Dysturbelyn [dis-
troublyn, P.], ¢u70, conturbo, 1480 Caxton Chron, Eng.
Ixi. 45 ‘They ne were distourbled of noo man ne lette.
Hence + Distu'rbling v//. 5d.; + Distu'rbler.
1330 R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 254 Edward, .salle
Philip be Kyng Alle holy Gascoyn, withouten disturblyng.
Disturbler [see Distrousier]. ¢¥ Prcock Kepr.
1. li, 139 Scisme sowers and disturblers of t le. 1481
Caxton ec el pie 48 They..had the water
Pistae not..so grete distourblyng.
¥3 : see DISTURBER 2.
+Disturdison. Obs. rare. [app. derived,
with — of prefix, from OF. estordison, estour-
dison (:—L, type *exturdition-em), from estordir,
mod. F, ¢tourdir, to ‘stun, stupefy.] Stunned or
538
stupefied condition; a state of unconsciousness
caused by a blow or the like.
¢ 1450 Merlin 266 Withynne a while a-roos the saisne fro
disturdison, and saugh hem a-boute hym. /¢éd. 268 The
saisnes a-bode a-boute her lorde that was caste down and so
diffouled vnder horse feet, whereof he was so sorowfull whan
he a-roos from disturdison.
Disturf, v. rare. [Dis- 7 a] trans. To
deprive of turf.
1858 Lyrron What will he do u. xi, The play-ground
[was] disturfed to construct fortifications.
+ Disturn, v. Obs. Also 4-3 des-, 5-6 dys-,
-torn(e, -tourn‘e. [a. OF. destourne-r, in 11th c.
desturner (mod.F. détourner, whence DEtuRN), f.
des-, dé- (DE- I. 6) + tourner to TURN.] ¢rans.
To turn aside or away ; to avert, divert, pervert.
¢ 1374 Cuaucer Troylus 1. 669 (718) Thy fader a al
pilke harme disturne Of grace. 1483 Caxton Gol €:
138 b/2 Dyuerse thoughtes and occasions by whyche they
dystorned for to do wel. 1490 — Eneydos xxi. 75 She..
dystourned her eyen from the lyghte. 1537 Starkey in
Strype Eccl, Mem. 1. App. Ixxxi. 195 You could never have
distorned your wit and eloquence. .to spot your honour and
name. a 163r Donne Lament. Jeremy u. xiv, Which might
disturne thy bondage,
Disturnpike (distd-mpaik), v. [D1s- 7 b.]
trans. To free (a road) from turnpikes; to make
no longer a turnpike-road. Hence Distu'rnpiked
ppl. a., Disturrnpiking vd/. sb.
1872 Daily News 26 June, On Monday next, rst July, the
remainder of the metropolis roads north of the Thames will
be ‘disturnpiked.’ 1881 7 es 29 Mar. 9 The disturnpiking
of main roads had seriously increased local burdens. 1882
St. Zames’ Gaz. 2 June, To maintain milestones on disturn-
piked roads. 1883 M. D. Cuatmers Local Govt. 133 Until
1878, when a road was a it became an ordinary
highway; but by the Act of that year it was provided that
all roads disturnpiked after 1870 should be main roads.
+ Distu'tor, v. Ods. rare. [Dis- 7 b.] trans.
To deprive of the position of tutor.
1691 Woop Ath. Oxon. 11. 391 Being found guilty of
a strange singular and superstitious way of dealing with his
Scholars. -he was distutor'd in the month of May 1634.
‘ne, v. rare. [Dis- 6.] trans. To
disentwine, unfasten.
1862 Puaer Aneid 1x.Ccj, Whose fal did Rutils whelme
and brake their tortais roof distwynde.
le (dai‘stail), sb. (a.) Arch. [f. Di-? +
Gr. orvA-os column, pillar: so mod.F, distyle sb.]
A porch having two styles or columns. Also attr7d.
or as adj. Distyle in antis: see quot. 1865.
1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII. 412/2 The octagonal structure
called the Tower of the Winds,..which has a small prostyle
portal on two of its faces, .. each consisting of a simple
distyle, or two columns and their entablature, surmounted by
a pediment. /éid. 425/2 Converting the insulated piers
below into columns of short and massive proportions, so as
to produce a distyle in antis, 1865 J. Fercusson /sf.
Archit, I. 167 A group of pillars ‘distyle in antis’ as it is
technically termed, viz., two circular pillars between two
square piers. /éid. 176 There are three other distyle halls
or gates on the platform,
istylous (daistai‘les), a. Bot. [f. as prec. +
-ous.] Having two styles.
1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex.
Distyne, obs. form of DESTINY.
Disulphate (doaisvlft). Chem.
SuLPHATE. ]
+1. In earlier use, a salt containing one equiva-
lent of gelpheri acid to two of base. Ods.
a T. Tuomson Chem, Org. Bodies. 228 Solution of
disulphate of cinchonina. c 1865 J. Wy-ope in Circ. Se. 1.
417/1 Quinine, ..as a disulphate, has been. . Substituted,
3. A salt containing two equivalents of sulphuric
acid to one of base (Syd. Soc. Lex.).
8. Applied by some to a sulphate containing a
hydrogen atom replaceable by a basic element or
radical; an acid sulphate (Cent. Dict.).
4. A salt of disulphuric acid, a py$osulphate.
1877 Roscoe & Scnort. Chem, I. 345, The name disul-
huric acid H»SeOr has been given to this substance, as it
‘orms a series of very stable salts; thus sodium disulphate
Na,S,07 is obtained by: heating the acid sodium sulphate
HNaSOy, so long as water is given off.
Disulphide (doisw'lfsid), Chem. [f. Di-2 +
SutpHipg.] A compound in which two atoms of
sulphur are united with another element or a radi-
cal, as carbon disulphide, CS. + Formerly, a com-
pound having one atom of sulphur united to two
of another element, as disulphide of copper =
we sulphide, Cu,S.
1863-72 Watts Dict. C. heme II. 74 Hemisulphide of copper,
or Cuprous Sulphide, Cup, also called Disulphide of copper.
Found native as Co, ~elance. 1869 Roscoe Elem. Chem
128 When deposit
sulphur crystallizes in the ordinar
form. 1895 Edin, Rev. Oct. 409 Carbon disulphide took it
up more freely,
ulpho- (daisw'lfo). Chem. [See Di-* 2
and SuLPHo-.] In composition, denominating acids
derived from two molecules of sulphurous acid.
Hence Disulphosnic a. a
1868 Warts Dict. Chem. V. 551 There is a grow acid
ethers, (SO) R’’HrOy, deitved from a double ssdhechhe of
sulphurous acid, Hys.0. by substitution of a diatomic
alcohol-radicle for half the h rogen. These are the so-called
disulpho-acids, which may also be formulated as compounds
[f. D1-2 +
natural or octahed
from solution in carbon disulphide,
|
DISUNITE.
of hydrocarbon with 2 at[oms of] Roscoe Elem,
ener oop When ie der at, i sete
Watts Dict. Chem. VIII. 1857 Anthracene treated with
huric acid yields two disul; ic aci
‘lphuret. Chem.
phonic acids.
[See Dr- 2 2 and Sur-
PHURET.] = DISULPHIDE(in obs.and current senses).
1854 J. Scorrern in Orr's Circ. Sc., Chem. 491 The appli-
cation of heat drives off one equivalent of its sulphur and
converts it into the disulphuret. /d/d@, 500 Sub- or Di-
sulphuret of Mercury.
phuric (deiszifitievrik), a. Chem. In
disulphuric acid, the same as pyrosulphuric or
Nordhausen sulphuric acid, H,S,O, = 2(SO,OH) +
O. Its salts are pyro- or di-sulphates. (So called
because the molecule represents two molecules of
sulphuric acid deprived of one of water.)
+ Bits crs Dict, Chem. VIL. rr40.
+ juna‘nimous, a2. Obs. rare. [D1s- 10.]
Not unanimous; divided in mind.
1728 Morcan Algiers 1. v. 166 So degenerate, so effemi-
nate, and so disunanimous were they grown.
Dis,wniform, a. ee 10.) The opposite
of uniform; without uniformity.
1 Norris Col?, Misc. 261 The Sun shines upon the
Earth with a disuniform and unequal light. 1710 — Chr.
Prud. iii. 115 Allis disuniform, because there is nothing to
unite or regulate them, 1 H. Coventry Phil. to od
u. (T.) Confused heaps end Temetilecen combinations.
Dis,unifo‘rmity. [D1s-9.] Want or absence
of uniformity; variety of form or appearance.
1710 Norris Chr. Prud. vii. 326 If it [the body] be evil, it
will be as full of darkness, all confusion and disuniformity.
1876 Daily News 18 Mar., We laughed at their equipment
«their disuniformity of costume.
(disy#nifai), v. [Drs- 6.] trans.
To do the opposite of unifying; to keep from
unity. Hence recs 3 19 a.
a Cycl. Temperance § Prohibition 393/% As a result
oft ais disunifying measure,
Disunion (disy#nion). [Drs- 9.]
1. Rupture of union ; separation, severance ; dis-
junction,
1598 Marston Pygmad. v, 156 Chaos returne, and with
éonfusion Inuolue the world with strange disunion.
CockeraM, Disunion, aseuerimg. 1634 Writer Emblemes
177 When disunion is begunne It breedeth dangers, where
before were none. 1775 De Lote Eng. Const. Advt. (1784)
12 A disunion of the empire was endeavoured to be pro-
moted. 1 G. Wasuincton Lett, Writ. 189 XII. 204
Foreigners would. .believe that inveterate political dissen-
sions existed among us, and that we are on the very
of disunion ; but the fact is otherwise. 1820 Scoressy Acc.
Arctic Reg. 1. 346 Three boats. .were secured [to the fast-
boat] by means of a rope, and towed without danger of dis-
union. 1884 Act 47 & 48 Vict.c. 66 (¢itle) An Act od yt ng
for the disunion of the Sees of Gloucester and Bristol.
attrib. (cf. Disustonist a.] 1848 Lowe. Left. (1894) lL
125, I do not agree with the abolitionists in their di
and non-voting theories. a 1857 in Pall Mall G. 29 May
(1865) 2 New York Dis-Union Anti-Slavery Convention—
To be held at Albany in February, ry s
2. Absence or want of union; disunited or sepa-
rated condition ; dissension.
1601 HoLtanp heer 1. 115 In this disunion, as it were,
appeareth yet a brotherly fellowship and vnitie. 1659 B.
aris Parival’s Iron — 287 By dis-union of wils
amongst his friends. 1711 Suarress. Charac. v. iii. 937)
tm
G.
III. 319 ee which the Dis-union
CHALMERS Caledonia 1, 1. ii. 335 Ages of disunion and
disaster. 1838 ‘Tuimtwatt Greece I11. xxv. 404 He com-
plained . .of the disunion of the Sicilian Greeks.
Disunio (disy#nionist). [f. prec. + -18T.]
One who advocates or works for disunion: spec.
a. In U.S. politics, One of those who, before or
during the civil war of 1861-65, advocated a dis-
solution of the Union. b. In English politics,
applied controversially to an advocate of the yprenl
or modification of the Act of Union with Ireland.
Worcester cites Nortn, 1852 Blackw, Mag.
LXXIIL. 47 The lation is divided really into Unionists,
py ~ eta Lie Ce I S a ta
wipnant Let. in Life (1891) L. iv. 1 are
the Whigs and Democrats, and Ath tere. Disuntonleta
and Federalists. 1861 Lowett £ Pluribus Unum Prose
Wks. 1890 V. 52 It is time that we turned up our definitions
in some more trustworthy dicti
unionists and their. .accomplices.
hold 5 Oct. 10/2 The Disunionists..seem to revel in fiery
invective of a zoo! character, ;
¢e. attrib. or as adj. y id a
1884 Gotpw. Sarru in Contemp, Rev. Sepi317
oucae movement in Ireland. 1888 Bryce Amer. Commu,
IL. - Ivi. 377 The disunionist spirit of the South which led
to the war,
So Disu‘nionism, the doctrine of disunionists.
ant Swinsurne Stud. Prose § Poetry 102 Di
Disunite (disyunai't), o. [f. Dis- 6+ Unrre.)
1. trans? To undo the union of; to disjoin: a.
from material union, é Pe
F isgiongere . .todisioyne, to di todeuide.
a3 Dewmkie elect. (iyo) 278 A porbediesesc unites *
things most di ore Odyss. m1. 582 The beast
auaay ahem divide, and disunite The ribs and limbs. 1830
Lye. when
’ Princ. Geol, (1875) 1. 1. pe Alkali,
disunited from the Silica, would be dissolved,
b. (more rae from immaterial union :
To separate from alliance, conjoint action, ete. ;
to set at variance, alienate, ‘S
DISUNITE.
1860 [see Disunirep below]. 1606 Suaxs. 7r. & Cr. u.
iii, 109 Their fraction is more our wish than their faction ;
but it was a strong counsell that a Foole could disunite.
eon Reform. i. (1851) 53 Goe on both hand in hand,
O Nations never to be dis-united. 1685 Drypen A /dion &
Albanus u. Wks. 1883 VII. 257 Disturb their union, dis-
unite theirlove. 1794 Soutney Wat Zyder u. i, They will
use every art to disunite you .. Whom in a mass they fear.
1852 Miss YonGre Cameos (1877) 1V. v. 62 That her father
was not disunited from his first wife.
2. intr. (for eft.) To sever or separate oneself ;
to part ; to fall or come asunder.
1675 G. R. tr. Le Grand’s Man Without Passion 146 The
Spirit must disunite from the senses. @ 1716 Soutu (J.), The
several joints of the jas politick do separate and disunite.
1818 SHettey Rosalind § Helen 984 Strains of harmony,
That mingle in the silent sky, Then slowly disunite. 1827
Aixman Hist, Scot. 111. 1v. 435 The supplicants. .refused
to disunite.
3. Manége. (See quots.) ,
1727 Baiey vol. If. s.v., (With Horsemen) A Horse is
- said to disunite, that drags his Haunches, that Gallops
false. 1833 Regul. Instr. Cavalry 1. 57 Cantering with the
near fore, followed by the off hind, or off fore, followed by
the near hind, is ‘ disunited’.
Hence Disuni‘ted A//. a. (whence Disuni-tedly
adv.) ; Disuni'ting v/. sb. and ffi. a.
1860 Wuirenorne Arte Warre (1573) 19a, The disunited
and discencious do agree. 1611 FLoxio, Disunimento, a
disuniting. 165r Hoppers Leviath. u. xviii. 88 The confusion
of a disunited Multitude. 1680 S. Marner /ren. 16 The
severity of this dis-uniting principle. 1844 THIRLWALL Greece
VIII. 2x Anumber of feeble disunited hordes. 1854 J. S. C.
Assorr Napoleon (1855) I. xxvi. 490 ‘The disuniting of the
army. 1871 R. Exis Catudlus |xiil. 84 So in ire she spake,
adjusting disunitedly then her yoke.
+ Dis,uni‘te, #//. a. Obs. [Short for disunzted,
after L. anitus united.] = Dtsunirep.
1642 H. More Song of Soud ut. 1. xviii, Sith the soul
from them is disunite.
Dis,uni‘ter. vare. [f. prec. vb. +-ER1.] One
who or that which disunites.
1755 Jounson, Divider..3. A disuniter; the person or
cause that breaks concord.
+ Dis,uni‘tion. 0ds. rare. [f. Disun17E z., after
unition.| The action of disuniting ; disjunction,
separation, disunion,
161r CotGr., Aédstraict, a seperation, disunition, disiunc-
tion. [x702 Clarendon’s Hist. Reb. xiv. § 149 II]. 444
Disunition [other edd. disunion] and distinction of Parties.]
Disunity (disy#niti). [Dr1s-9.] Want of
unity; a state of separatioh, physical, political,
social, or sentimental; dissension, discord.
1632 Lirucow 7rav. x. 474 Diversities of Doctrine. .and
hundreds of like disunities. 1767 Misc. in Ann. Reg. 209/2
By the disunity of your nation, all the nations insult you.
1884 Contemp. Rev. June 794 It is hard to tell the price
London pays for its disunity.
+ Disjuniverrsity, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [D1s-
7a.) trans. To deprive of a university.
1665 Evans in Worthington Diary (1855) II. 1. 179 Cam-
bridge is almost dis-universitied, and either there will be no
winter term, or nothing to do in it.
Disur, var. Disour Oés.
Disury, obs. form of Dysury.
+ Dis;w'sage. Oés. [f. Disuse v., after usage ;
cf. obs. F. desusage (Cotgr.).] Discontinuance of
a usage or practice; = DIsusE sd. I.
1475 Bk. Noblesse 26 That good courages of hertis be not
mynissed. . for disusage and levyng armes for a litille season.
1594 Hooker Ecc?. Pol. iv. xiv. § 3 To be abolished by dis-
usage through tract of time. 1607 Schol. Disc. agst.
Antichr, u. viii. 102 Nor [can] an angrie Iudge condemne
vs for any thing else, then for disvsage of a trifle. 1712
Prweaux Direct. Chwwardens (ed. 4) 104 After so long a
disusage it would be in vain to attempt it.
Disusance (disy#‘zans). rare. [f. as prec. after
usance.] The fact of disusing; = DIsusE sé. 1.
1685 Corton tr. Montaigne I11. 513 By disusance for ever
to lose the commerce of the common life. 1880 H. C. Coorr
Eng. Gild Kuts. 15 Disusance, compulsory rather than
voluntary, had extinguished them both.
Disuse (disyz's), sd. [f. Dis- 9 + UsE sd.]
1. Discontinuance of use, practice, or exercise ;
prolonged cessation from an action or practice.
1gss2 Hutoet, Disusage or disuse, desuetudo. 160
Hoiiann Plutarch’s Mor. 1255 Fashions .. well enoug
knowen, though they be not practised: mary, strange they
be by reason of disuse. 1 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ef.
iv. vi. 194 Nor is there any who from disuse did ever yet
forget it. 1738 Oxford Methodists 9 The general disuse of
a duty could not by any means excuse the neglect of it.
1859 Darwin Orig. Spec. v. (1873) 108 Structures which can
be best explained by the effects of disuse. 1885 Law Times
23 May 68/2 His fine abilities rusting from disuse.
+b. The being or becoming unused or unaccus-
tomed (¢o anything) ; unaccustomedness. Ods.
1570 Levins Jani. 194/43 Disuse, desuetudinis. 1580
Hottysann 7veas. Fr. Tong, Desaccoustumance, disuse.
1726 SHetvocke Moy. round World (1757) 419 It appeared
to us to proceed more from disuse than disinclination to
work, 1733 Swirr Afol. 135 Wks. 1755 1V.1. 213 Frighten’d
at a scene so rude, ‘Through long disuse of solitude. 1792
Map. D’Arsiay Diary V. vit. 369, I pleaded..my disuse
to the night air at this time of the year. — 5 :
¢, The condition or state of being no longer in
use; desuetude.
1699 Bentiey Phal. 455 The other acceptation of the
word falling into disuse. 1705 Bosman Guinea 371 This
Custom, which is..grown in disuse for several years past.
1771 Gray in Corr. w. N. Nicholls (1843) 301 Many of
539
them have gradually dropped into disuse. 1889 I. ‘TayLor
Orig. Aryans 126 The pile dwellings, being no longer
needed, gradually fell into disuse.
+2. The quality of being of no use; uselessness.
Obs, rare—'.
1627-77 Fectuam Resolves 1. xxxvi. 60 Grief is like Ink
ured into water, that fills the whole Fountain full of
blackness and disuse.
Disuse (disy‘z), v. Also 6 Sc. disose. [f.
Dis- 6 + UsE v.]
+1. trans. To make (a person) unaccustomed or
unused to anything ;. to cause to lose a habit; to
disaccustom. Chiefly in passzve: cf. DisusED ff/.
a.1. Const. from, of, to, or infin. Obs.
1375 Barsour Bruce x1x. 183 Quhen thai thus diswsyt ar,
Than may 3he move on thame jour wer, 1513 Dovcias
AE neis vi. xiv. 16 He sall..men steir, Quhilk lang hes bene
disosit fra the weir, ‘To armis and triumphe of victory.
a1618 RateicH Maxims St. in Rem. (1661) 40 They are to
be dis-used from the practise of Arms. a 1640 W. FENNER
Christ's Alarm 1. (1657) 25 If sinne be yielded unto, it will
disuse a man of Gods Ordinances. @1791 BLackLock Ox
Melissa's Birth-day (R.) With Bion long disus'd to play.
2. To discontinue the use or practice of (a thing);
to cease to use.
1487 Act 3 Hen. VII, c. 2 Which lawe by negligence is
disused. 1549 Compl. Scot. Prol. 17 Gyf sic vordis suld be
disusit. .than the phrasis of the antiquite vald be confundit,
1690 Norris Beatitudes (1694) 1. 199 They..condemn and
disuse many things meerly because we approve and use
them. 1727 Swirt What passed in Lond. Wks. 1755 M1.
1. 181 Now I reflected. .that I had disused family prayers
for above five years. 1868 M. Parrison Academ. Org. v.
193 Other universities. .have disused the term ‘Arts’. 1874
Parker Goth. Archit. 1. vi. 197 In many later examples these
sub-arches are entirely disused.
+3. Tomalge a wronguse of; tomisuse,abuse. Ods.
1380 Wycur Sern. Sel. Wks. 1. 1 A riche man pat dis-
uside his richesse in pride and in glotonye. /é¢d. ILI. 355
He. .disuside pe 3iftis of God. ¢1430 Lypc. Bochas u.
(1558) Lenuoy 17 All olde abusion Of ceremonies falsly
disusyng. c1440 Promp. Parv. 123/2 Dysvsyn, or mysse
vsyn a-3enste resone, adbztor.
Hence Disu‘sing vé/. sd.
1605 Clergy Lincoln agst. Liturgy 69 This may. .appear by
their long disuseing, or seldom useing of them. 1611 Corcr.,
Desusitation, a disusing, discontinuing.
Disused (disy#-zd), Af/. a. [f. prec. +-ED}.]
+1. Of persons: Not used or accustomed ; out
of the habit. Ods.
1530 Patscr. 523/1, I can nat shote nowe but with great
payne, I am sodisused. 1656 Baxter Reformed Pastor v.
85 Many disused persons can mutter out some honest
requests in secret. 1748 Anson’s Voy. u. vii. 214 Being now
in a rainy climate, which we had been long disused to.
@ 1763 SHENSTONE Progress Taste 1. 59 Disus’d to speak,
he tries his skill, Speaks coldly, and succeeds but ill.
2. No longer used; fallen out of use; obsolete.
161r Cotcr., Disusité, disused, grown out of vse. 1630
Sanverson Ser. II, 261 Some dis-used statute. 1674
Boyte Excell. Theol. u. v. 222 Our ignorance..of the dis-
used languages wherein they are delivered. 1864 BoweEn
Logic vii. 220 A different and now disused meaning.
+Dis,u'ser. Obs. rare. [f. prec. vb., after zser.]
Disuse, lapse of use.
1710 Pripeaux Ovig. Tithes v. 285 A Law grows anti-
quated by disuser when..the Government drops the Execu-
tion of it. |
Disutility (disyztiliti). [D1s- 9.] The op-
posite of utility ; injuriousness, harmfulness.
1879 Jevons Pol. Econ. iii, (1888) 58 For the abstract
notion, the opposite or negative of utility, we may invent
the term ‘disutility’, which will mean something different
from inutility, or the absence of utility. It is obvious that
utility passes through inutility before changing into dis-
utility, these notions being related as +, 0 and —. 1886
Academy 22 May 355/3 The fatigues of the evening lecture
painfully illustrated the Jevonian theory of the ‘final dis-
utility’ of labour.
Disutilize (disy#tileiz),v. [D1s- 6.] ¢rans.
To deprive of utility, render useless.
1856 Mrs. Browninc Aur. Leigh 11. 1062 Death’s black
dust..Annulled the gift, disutilised the grace, And left these
fragments. |
+ Disvai'l, v. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 6+ Vai v.:
cf, in same sense dsavail.] trans. To be the
reverse of advantageous to ; to be hurtful to.
14.. Lypc. & Burcu Secrees 1638 Sleap before mete, ovir
moche travaylle, With fretyng wratthe, gretly doon disuaylle.
Ibid, 2006 Moche to Ete .. Of the y ech membre doth
disvaylle. |
Disvail(e, obs. form of DisvEIL.
+ Disva‘ledge, v. Obs. rare. [ad. It. svalé-
gtare to rob, strip, f. s- = Dis- 4 + valigia port-
manteau, valise.] =next.
1598 Barret 7heor. Warres v. i. 148 WhoSoeuer shall
disualedge or spoile any of the Princes friends.
+ Disva‘lise, v. ds. rare. [ad. obs. F. desval-
zser, ‘to rob, despoyle, rifle; to depriue of cloake-
bag, bag, and baggage’ (Cotgr.), mod.F. dévaliser,
f. des-, Dis- 4 + valise portmanteau.] trans. To
strip (any one) of his baggage; to rob, plunder.
1672 Marvett Reh. Transp. I. 134 We have had the
Titles. .of Mr. meyet his six Playes. Not but that, should
we disvalise him, he hath .. a hundred more as good in his
budget, 3
r Disvalua-tion. Obs, [f. DIsvALUE z. after
valuation.| The action of disvaluing ; depreciation.
1617 Moryson /fin. 11. ut. i, 271 The disualuation of the
mixed coyne now currant. a1626 Bacon War w, Spain in
DISVIGORATE.
Harl. Misc, (Malh.) IV. 147 What can be .. more to the
disvaluation of the power of the Spaniards? 1647 M. Hupson
Div, Right Govt. ii. 79 Such disvaluations and disertions
of worldly and Natural giits.
Bisvalue (disvee'liz), v. Now rare. (Frequent
in17the.) Also 7-valewe. [f. Dis-6 + VaLuE v.]
trans. To make or treat as of no value, depreciate,
disparage. Hence Disva‘luing vé/. 5b.
a 1876 M.
Cotuins in Pex Sketches (1879) 11. 177 Perhaps his pen dis-
valueth Froude upon Elizabeth.
+ Disva‘lue, 5). Ods. [f. prec. vb., after value
sb.] Depreciation, disparagement.
1603 B. Jonson Seyanus ut. i, Nor is't the time alone is
here disprised, But the whole man of the time, yea, Caesar's
self Broughtindisvalue. 1644 Charge agst, Wisct. Wilmott
in R, Symonds Diary Civ. War (Camden) 108 A disvalew
and contempte of his Majesties person. 1678 Lively Orac.
viii. § 26. 315 ‘There can scarce be a greater instance of con-
tempt and disvalue.
+ Disva'ntage, s/. Obs. [f. Dis- 9 + VANTAGE
sb. Cf. It. disvantaggio (Florio), disadvantage.] =
DISADVANTAGE,
1sgt Harincton Ord, Fur. xxiv. li. (1634) 193 Zerbino ..
voided all the blowes with much facilitie, Though having
great disvantage in the blade. @ 1619 Fornersy A theom.
1. li, § 1 (1622) 8 It is good .. for euery man, to vnderstand,
not only his aduantages, but also his disuantages.
+ Disvantage, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6 +
VAntaGEv.; cf. It. désvantagetare (Florio).] trans.
To disadvantage ; to be disadvantageous to.
1567 Drant Horace Epist. Avj, As yeares do helpe vs
mightely whilst we cum at a staye, So after they disuantage
vs, and breake vs to decaye.
+ Disvanta‘geous, @. Obs. rare. [f. Dis-
VANTAGE 9b., after advantageous. Cf. It. dtsvan-
taggtoso (Florio).] Disadvantageous.
1622 Drayton Poly-old, xxii. (R.) Had not his light horse
by disvantageous ground Been hindered, he had struck the
heart of Edward’s host. :
+ Disvei'l, v. Ols. Also 7 disvaile. [f. D1s-
6 or 7+ VEIL v or sb. Cf. F. dévodler, in 16th ce.
desvotler (Cotgr.).] trans. To strip of a veil; to
unveil, unmask. Hence Disvei‘led 7. a.
1611 FLorio, Sbendare, to vnmaske, to disuaile. 1621 Br.
Mountacu Déatriby 1.17 You..plainly dis-vaile your con-
trary purpose and intent. 1867 Mrs. Ovirnant tr. De Mont-
alembert's Monks of West V. 285 A disveiled nun married
to an apostate priest.
+ Disve'lop, v. Ols. Also 6-7 -vellop(e. [ad.
14-16th c. F. desveloper, in mod.F. développer :
see DevELoP.] The earlier form of DEVELOP, oc-
curring chiefly in the literal sense: To unfold, unfurl,
display heraldically. Hence Disve‘loped ///. a.,
fer. displayed, Disve‘loping v0/. sd.
1sgz Wyrey Armorie, Ld. Chandos 79 The Prince and
King as two that all us rules Disuellope siluer a sharpned
pile of gules. 16x0 Guittim Heraldry ww. xiii. (1611) 223
With..my disuellopped pennon me before, /éfd. iv. xiil.
(1660) 328 Disvellopping is the proper term for spreading or
displaying of the Martial Ensign, 1659 Unhappy Marks,
in Hari. Misc. (Park) 1V. 3 (D.) Since the time wherein those
black thoughts disveloped themselves by action. ce
Cuambers Cycl., Disveloped, in heraldry, is used much in
the same sense with displayed—Thus colours, said in an
army to be flying, are, in heraldry, said to be disveloped.
1% Jounson, 70 disvelop, to uncover. Dict.
isvenerate, v. nonce-wd. [f. Dis- 6.] trans.
To regard without veneration.
1826 R. H. Froupe Rem. (1838) I. 199, I venerate —, but
dislike him; I like —, but disvenerate him
+ Disventure. Ods. [ad. Sp. desventura mis-
fortune, f. des-, D1s- 4+ ventura VENTURE.] A
misadventure, misfortune.
1612-20 SHELTON Quix. I. m1. vi. (R.), Adventures, or rather
disventures, never begin with alittle. 1718 Morreux Quix.
(1733) I. 40 Many times my Uncle would read you those
unconscionable books of Disventures,
+ Disventurous, @. 00s.
Unfortunate, disastrous.
1742 Jarvis Quix. u. Iv. xvi. (D.) Would to God this
disventurous adventure that threatens us may end in no
worse. | is
+ Disve'st, v. Ods. [D1s- 6.] trans. To divest,
unrobe, strip.
1627 Hakewitt Afol. tv, v. (1630) 486 The Earth, dis-
vested of the vegetables which apparelled her. 1655 tr. De
Moulines' Francion vii. 26 His Friend..caused him to dis-
vest himself,
+ Disve'sture, v. Ols. rave. [D1s- 7 a.] ¢rans.
To strip of one’s vesture ; to unrobe.
1563-87 Foxe A. § JV/. (1596) 178/1 The prelats .. then
disuestured him, taking from him his purple and his
scepter. |
+ Disvi'gorate, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6+L.
vigor strength, after zzvigorate.] trans. To de-
prive of vigour or strength.
Wesrmacort Script. Herb, (1695) 112 A pungent
Volatile Salt, and a subtil Sulphur, which disvigoi and
destroyeth Acids,
[f. prec. + -ous.]
68*-2
DISVIRGIN.
+Disvirgin, v. Obs. rare—°. [f Dis- 7b;
cf, OF. deer) trans. ‘To devirginate.
1611 Frorio, Dispucellare, to disuirgine. Jbid., Disuer-
ginare, to vnmaiden, to disuirgin. ‘
hogs. v. rare. fad. OF. desvisage-r
to damage the face of, deface, mod.F. dévisager ;
f. des-, Dis- 4 + visage VISAGE.) trans. To mar
the visage or face of; to deface, disfigure.
1603 Fiorio Montaigne ui. xiii. (1632) 620, I had aquartan
ague which .. had altogether disvisaged and altered my
countenance. 1611 FLorio, Suisdre, to vnface, to disuisage.
Also to slash or gash ouer the face. 188 Durrietp Don
Quix. 1. 365 ‘The knight. remained so disvisaged.
Disvi'sor, v. Obs. In6-ser,7-zor. [D1s-
7 a.] trans. To remove the visor from, to uncover
(a visored face). Also intr. for ref. Hence Dis-
vi'sored ff/. a., Disvi'soring vb/. sé.
1548 Hat Chron., Hen. VIII (an, 12) 79 The kynges
moste noble grace never disvisered nor breathed tyll he ranne
the five courses. /bid. 80b, At thinstance of the Frenche
quene and her ladies these maskers and revelers them dis-
visered, shewyng them what persones they were. /éid. 83),
Eche compaigny passed by other without any countenaunce
makyng or disviseryng. 1621 Br. Mountacu Diatribe 1. 261
With open Mouth, & disvizored Face.
Disvoi'ce, v. vare. [Dis- 7a.] trans. To
deprive of voice, render voiceless or mute.
1865 Lowett Ode at Harvard Commemoration ix, Before
my musing eye The mighty ones of old sweep by, Disvoicéd
now and insubstantial things, As noisy once as we.
+ Disvou'ch, v. O¢s. rare. [Dis- 6.] =D1s-
AvoucH, Disavow.
1603 Suaxs. Meas. for M. 1. iv. 1 Euery Letter he hath
writ, hath disuouch’d other.
+ Disvow’, v. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 6 + Vow v.;
cf. OF. desvouer, -voer (Godef.).] =Disavow.
1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) 1v. xxix. 344, Ly:
refuse & dysuowe.
Disvow'elled, ff/. a. nonce-wd. [f. Dis- 7a
+ VowEL sb.] Kendered vowelless; that does not
pronounce vowels.
1849 Lytron A. Arthur w. xvii, O guttural-grumbling and
disvowell'd man. a ;
Disvulnerability ‘disvy:lnérabiliti). [Drs-
9-] The faculty of abnormally rapid recovery from
wounds and injuries.
1890 H. Extis Criminal iii, 113 This insensibility shows
itself also in disvulnerability, or rapid recovery from wounds,
1894 — Man & Woman 122 Disvulnerability is the term,
first used by Professor Benedikt, to signify the quick repair
of wounds and comparative freedom from ill consequences
after severe injuries. 1894 A. Grirritus Secr. Prison-Ho.
27 Disvulnerability..is another quality possessed by the
criminal.
+ Diswa'll, v. Os. rare. [Dts- 7a.]
To deprive of its wall, to dismantle.
1627 Speen England iv. § 5 Hay upon Wye ..was diswalled,
depo, ulated, and burnt. 2
+ Diswarre, a. Obs. rare. [f. Dis- 10+ WaRE
a.) Not aware, unaware ; not on one’s guard.
€ 1400 Beryn 3046 Howe hanybald led Geffrey, disware of
his entent. /dzd. 3266 Be-twene hope & drede, disware how
it shuld goon. ¢1430 Lypa. Bochas ut. v. (1558) 7, I full dis-
ware to make purueyaunce, Agayne hys commynge.
Disware, var. of Diswere, Oés., doubt.
+ Diswa‘rn, v. Ods. rare. [f. Dis- 1+ WaRN
trans.
v.] ¢rans. To wam against a course, warn off from
something.
poe | Topsett Serpents (1658) 708 Wondering... what Shep-
heards or Hunters, or other men might be in that place to
diswarn him from his game. 1622 Lo, Keerer WILtiaMs
Let. to Dk. Buckhm. Sept. in Cabala 73 (T.) My Lord
Brook diswarning me. .from coming to Theobalds this day.
Diswa‘rren, v. [Dis- 7b. Cf. DEAWARREN.]
trans. To deprive of the character of a warren;
to render no longer a warren.
1727 W. Netson Laws conc. Game (1736) 32 When a
Warren is diswarrened, or broke up and laid in Common.
1796 W. MarsHALL Ww. England |, 271 A small one [rabbit
warren] that has been diswarrened. 1800 D. Lysons Supp.
to Environs Lond. 241 Staines forest was diswarrened and
disforested by the King’s charter in 1227.
Diswa‘ryed,a. Ods.rare. [f. AF. *deswaré,
OF. *desguaré, *desgaré = OF. esgaré, eswaré, mod,
F. dgaré. See Deswarré.] Strayed, gone astray,
having lost his way.
213.. Cast. Love (Halliw.) 429 As a diswaryed mon
mysrad, On uche half he his myslad.
+ Diswea m, v. Ods. [Dis- 7a.] srans,
To deprive of weapons; to disarm. Also fig.
1602 Mippieton Blurt 1. i. Wks. (1885) 1. 29 Camillo and
his men set upon him, get him down, disweapon him. 1618
Botton Florus 1. xxiil. 65 If his mother Veturia .. had not
disweapon'd him with weeping. 1652-62 Heyuin Cosi 4
1. (1682) 118 Posthumius so disweaponed them, that he
scarce left them Instruments to plough the earth.
Diswench: see Dis- 7a.
+ Diswe're. 0ds. Also dys-, -ware, -wary,
-weare. [f. Dis- 5 + Were doubt, hesitation.]
Doubt. Wythout diswere, without doubt, ‘ ywis’ :
common as a metrical tag.
1420 Liber Cocorum (1862) 25 Lay po tenche opon a
platere fayre, Do on pat browet withouten disware. ¢ 1440
Promp. Parv. 123/2 were, or dowte, dudium, ¢
Cm. neg 383 Seyn thon the bt peng ten bys fault,
as I lere, Ina c pocriphun, w: it swary.
© 1450 Bk. Curta 436 in ‘Solem BE, Greens Palettls
shyn fyle and e hitere, ix fote on lengthe with-out dis-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
540
were. a1500 H. Brereton Song, Lady Bessy (Way Promp.
Parv.), You promised .. To him to be both true and just,
And now you stand in a disweare.
Diswhip (disjhwirp), v. once-wd. [f Dis-
a+ Wuip sb.) ¢rans. To deprive of a whip.
ence Diswhipped ///. a.
1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev. IL 1. i, Is it neither restored
Father nor diswhipped Taskmaster that walks there?
iswig (diswig), v. [Dis- 7a.] ‘rans. To
deprive of a _~
Re in Mrs. Delany's Corr. Ser. u. 11. 533 They had dis-
wigged Lord Bathurst. 1861 Sata.in Vemple Bar Mag. IL,
22 She had publicly diswigged the dancing-master.
Diswi-ndow, z. vare. [Dis- 7a.] ¢rans. To
deprive of windows.
1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev. III. v. vii, (1872) 208 Ghastly
chateaus stare on you...disroofed, diswindowed.
Lescplet ne. (diswin), v. rare. [Dts- 7 a.]
trans. To deprive of wings.
1837 CartyLe Diamond Necklace iii, Misc. Ess. (1872)
V. 142 A butterfly, now diswinged and again a worm.
+ wit, v. Obs. [f. Dis- 7a + Wir sd.
trans. To deprive of wit. Hence Diswi'tted f//.
a., bereft of one’s wits, crazed. -
1599 T. Mlouret] Silkwormes 34 Diswitted dolts that
huge things wonder at. 1627 Drayton Agincourt 121
Bx eae her selfe away alone.. As she had beene dis-
witted.
+ Diswo'nt, v. Obs. [f. Dis- 6 + Wont v.]
trans. To render unaccustomed or unused ; to dis-
accustom. Hence Diswornted ff/. a., unwonted,
unaccustomed, unusual.
1600 Hottann Livy x11. xxiii. 1111 This diswonted voiage
and unaccustomed expedition [itineris insoliti). 1627-47
Fectuam Xesolves 1. xvii. 58 Why should a diswonted un-
kindnesse make me ingrate for wonted benefits? 1634-5
Brereton 7rav. (Chetham 1844) 105 They inure them-
selves to. .hardship, and will not diswont themselves.
Diswood (diswu'd), v. [f. Dis- 7a + Woop sb.]
trans. To deprive of wood or trees.
1611 Fiorio, Sdascare, to vnwood, to lope, to cut downe
or fell wood, trees or branches, to diswood. 1878 G. R. L.
Marriott tr. £. de Laveleye's Prim. Property 82 Almost
all the gorges. .are diswooded to a terrible extent.
+ Diswo'rkmanship. (és. nonce-wd. [D1s-
9-] Bad or defective workmanship.
1610 Hevwoop Afol. for Actors, Addr. to Printer (1612)
62 When I would have taken a particular account of the
errata, the printer [of ‘ Britaines ‘Troy '] answered me hee
would not publish his owne disworkemanship, but rather let
his owne fault lye upon the necke of the author.
+ Disworship, sé. Oés. [f. Dis- 9 + Wor-
SHIP sb.)
1. The opposite of worship ; the withholding of
esteem, regard, or honour; dishonour, disgrace,
discredit.
a 1400-0 Alexander (E.E.T.S.) p. 280 Besechyng pat..
by no maner of the delectacion he suffre me do pat thyng
pat is ayen your profectez ne to my disworship. 1489
Caxton Faytes-of A. ut. ix. 186 It is the captaynes dys-
worship whan suche felawes he has chosen. 1576 FLeminc
Panopl. Epist. 395 ¥ our vertue hathe done you more honour,
then your fortune hathe wrought youdisworship. 1644 Mit-
ton Divorce 1. iv. 128 Adultery..a _ which the rankest
litician would think it shame and disworship that his
aws should countenance. ;
b. with a and f/.: A disgrace, a dishonour.
1465 Six J. Paston in Paston Lett. No. 531. Il. 245
Wheche wer a gret Lakes 4 tomy Lord. 1600 Hottanp
Livy 881 (R.) It were a great disworship and shame even for
them, that there should remaine in bondage any [etc.].
2. Alleged term for a ‘ company’ of Scots.
1486 Bh. St. Albans F vij, A Disworship of Scottis.
+ Diswo'rship, v. Obs. [f. Dis- 6+ Wonrsutp
v. orf. prec.) trans. The reverse of fo worship ;
to do ‘disworship’ or dishonour to; to dis-
honour.
a14§0 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 76 This fals traitour wolde
haue rauisshed and disworshipped me here. 1483 Cath,
ome 102/1 ‘T'o Disworschippe, dehonorare. 1519 Horman
Vulg. 59, Nothyng..that shulde disworshyp or abate the
laude 4
xii. 34 By the uncomlynesse of any
diswursh . 610 Hearey St. Ang. Citie of God
176 Therefore was this godde dis-worshipped without the
citty.
Hone’ Disworrshipping v?/. sd., dishonouring.
1529 More Dyaloge u. 63a/2 Dyspytynge and dyswor-
shy e of sayntys.
} Disworshi , a. Obs.
sb., after worshipful.] Fraught
dishonourable.
1539 Taverner Evasm. Prov. (1552 They] meruayled
Fr a wolde take pag ont Bi and 4) oO lan off yee
u hym [etc.). 1§64 Hawarp Entropius iv. 46
cluded a dysworshipfull peace wyth him.
+ Diswo'rth, v. Obs. rare. [Dis- 7a.] trans.
To deprive of worth; to render worthless or un-
wo
thy dedes, 1549 Covexpace Zrasm. Par, 1 Cor.
e, the whole body is
f. DisworsHIP
th disworship ;
thy.
x Stank Resolves 1. {u.] xl, 126 Nothing more dis-
worthes man than Cowardice. -
Disy, Disyn, obs. ff. Dizzy, Dizen.
+ e'llow, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [Dis- 7a.]
trans. To remove the yellow from ; to rid of jaun-
dice.
1586 Warner A/d, Eng. u. x, Her crooked ts (which
long ere then, supported, scarcely stood) She it unto
a wallowing place, disiellowing so bloud.
DIT.
+Disyllabe, dissylla a. Obs. rare.
[a. F. dbyllabe (16th c. in Godef. Supp.), ad. L.
disyllabus, a. Gr. 80vAAaBos of two syllables, f. &-,
Di-2 twice + ovAAaf7 syllable. For spelling, see
next.] = DISYLLABIC.
1637 B. Jonson Eng. Gram. 1. vii, All verbes dissyllabes
ending in el, er, ry, an av tiabi in prima. _
labic, dissyllabic (doi-,disile bik).
[a. F. dissyllabique (16th c.), f. L. disyllab-us (see
prec. and -1c) ; after SYLLABIC.
an For pe a following pone vs 2 also in
risy , etc., the non-etymological iss-, triss-,
were originally taken over from French (Paylite trissyllabe,
etc.), in which, according to Dar , the function of the
ss is ‘to express the hard sound of the s’. In English,
trissyllable, gs | eas ne in 17-18th c., was ly cor-
rected in the Dictionaries and altered to ¢risyllable.
Dissyllable was universal in 17-18th c., and (app. either
under the err impression that it ins, not the
Greek prefix &:-, but the word 4és, or from association with
words in the Latin prefix dis-, as disseminate, dissimudate,
dissonant, etc.), is still the spelling of the majority. But
classical scholars now prefer the etymological form, which has
also been approved by the Philological Society.]
Consisting of two syllables.
ay B. Joxson Eng. Gram. 1. vii, In all nounes dis-
syllabick. 1812 Byron Wad¢z xiii, note, There are several
diss: oe Mrs. F. aeiehtc ef i.
ried iv, The postman’s speaking diss ic signal. x
Earte Philol! Eng. Tongue § 119 The elon aon of this
vowel has in a few instances produced a disyllabic word out
bh
Disylia tically diss-, adv. [f. prec.+ -AL
+-LY 4.) Ina disy abic mamner ; as two syllables.
1878 H. H. Vaucuan Shaks. Readings 321 A word which
is with us now mor a monosyllable, articu! by Shake-
speare dis yllabically. | -
Disylia-bify, diss-, v. [f. L. désyllab-us
(see above) + -FY.] ¢vans. = DisyLianize. So
Disylla bifica tion. :
1846 WorcesTER cites C. hristian Observer (for both words).
; s-, [f. as next + -ISM:
cf. F. dissyllabisme.] Disyllabic character or
state.
Encycl. Brit. XVM. Philology) We do not
ince arc Saeviatinn, Bt fa that ” phe thee
syllable beyond a single consonant with following vowel, is
not the result of combination or reduplication.
isyllabize, diss- (dei-, disilabsiz), 2.
[f. L: disyllab-us: see DisyLuaBe and -12£.]
trans. To make disyllabic.
| ofan old monosylla le.
1870 E. A. Assotr 5S; . Gram. § 484 Whether the word
is dissyllabized, or merely requires a pause after it, cannot
..be f brosur set 5 1886 J. B. Mayor
Eng. Metres iii. if
Monosyllables, in which ‘r’ follows a vowel, are often di-
syllabized in Shakespeare. F
liable, dissyllable (dei-, disilab’l),
sh.(a.) Also 6 dissill-, 7 dyssyll-. [f. F.dzssyllabe,
in 16th c. dissi/labe (see above) ; after SYLLABLE,
F. rites For spelling, see DisYLLaBic.]
sb. A word, or metrical foot, consisting of
two syllables.
1589 Putrexnam Eng. Poesie u. xiifi). (Arb.) 128 For wordes
monosyllables..if they be tailed one to , or th’one
to a dissillable or polyssillable ye ought to allow them that
time that best serues your purpose and pleaseth your eare
most. 1668 WILKINS Real Char. 16 —— +. in a
syllables by repeating the d Radi Cc er
the last Vowel. 1874 Sweet Eng. Sounds 47 Diss:
ending in a vowel... are almost always
Lori gs pe ide bee Teter die
a disy ba ARLE J s ue 48x
The p ‘aches’... dicsilable in Shakspeare,
Butler, _ —_. R. on | Comment. on Catullus
. xxvii, In short e to Hortulus the pentameter
ends fone times with a distllable, four times with a trisyl-
B. = adj. = DISYLLABIC. 5
in Poet. Comp. 17 They compounded
oye inine Rect, “thee Le pe Ren Eng. Gram, (ed. 5)
1. 348 Dissyllable nouns in er: as, ‘ Canker, bitter’, have
the accent on the former syllable,
(daisi‘npim). A/ath. [f. Di-*
+ SynrHeME.] A system of groups of elements,
each of the groups being formed of a certain num-
ber of elements, so that each occurs just twice among
all the groups. Thus 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 1-4 isa duadic
disyntheme—that is, one com of ee
1879 SyivesteR in Amer, Jrul. Math. is a disyn-
theme is formed by means of cycles all of an even order, it
will be resolvable into a pair of single syn and in no
other case. /did., Duadic dis: , Any com!
duads, with or without repetition, in which each element
occurs twice and no oftener.
(disydwk), v. rare. [f. Dis- 6+ YoxE
ie trans. To unyoke ; to free from the yoke.
1847 Tennyson Princ. u. 127 Who first had dared To
leap the rotten pales of prejudice, Disyoke their necks from
custom,
Dit, sd. arch. Also 6 ditt. [app. taken by
Spenser from ME. dit=Dure sb., pai erroneously
pronounced with short vowel, perh. by association
with ditty. Thence in later verse.) A poetical
composition ; a ditty: see Dis sd,
1590 Srenser F. Q. 11. vi. 13 No song bi
lovely ditt.
DIT.
Dit (dit), v. Now only Sc. and dial. Forms:
1 dyttan, 3-4 dutte(n (7), 3-6 ditt(e, 4-6 dytt,
4- dit. Fa. z¢. and ple, ditted, Sc. dittit ; also
pa. t. 3 dutte ; pple. 4-9 dit, 5 dytt. [OE. dyttan
to close, shut:—OTeut. type *dsttjam, prob. f.
*dutto”, OE. dott, a small lump, a clot, a plug:
see Dot, Dorrit. Cf. F lees}
1. trans. To stop up, close up, shut (an opening) ;
to fill 2p (a hole or gap). Zit, and fig.
¢1000 Ags. Gosp. Luke xi. 53 Ongunnun %a farisei. . his
mud ae c1000 Ags. Ps. lvii. 4 Anlic nedran..seo
.-dytted hyreearan. c1200 7 vin. Coll. Hom. 199 We..swo
ditted pe eare and noht ne hercnid. 1200 Ormin_ 18633
Onn3zen patt labe lxredd folc Forr pe33re mup to dittenn.
ax225 Ancr, R. 82 Me schulde dutten [v.7. ditten] his mud
..mid herde fustes. ¢1340 Gaw. § Gr. Knut. 1233 Pe dor
drawen & dit with a derf haspe. | 1375 Barwour Bruce
vi. 168 The vpcom wes then Dittit with slayn hors and men.
¢1460 Townley Myst. (Surtees) 194 Ayther has thou na
wytt Or els ar thyne eres dytt. 1572 Satir. Poems Reform.
xxxiii. Lament. of Lady Scot/. 196 Dit the mouths of thame
that sa dois speik. 1647 H. More Cufid'’s Conflict lv.
Philos. Poems 73 Foul sluggish fat ditts up your dulléd eye.
@1758 Ramsay Scots Prov. (1776) 77 When a’s in and the
slap dit, Rise herd and let the dog sit. 1871 W. ALEXANDER
Yohnny Gibb (1873) 140 Ye wud ‘a keepit by the aul’ proerb
that says, ‘Dit your mou’ wi your meat’.
2. To stop or obstruct the course or way of.
at Cursor M, 11942 (Cott.) Wit nith and enst and iuel
witt pe water wissing can he ditt. /4é:?. 24003 (Cott.) Mi
teres all mi sight pai ditte. 1362 Lancr. P. P/. A. vu.
178 An Hep of Hermytes henten heom spades And doluen
drit and donge to dutte honger oute. c1460 Towneley
Myst. (Surtees) 14 Almost had myne breth beyn dit. x51
Dovucras neis v. xiii. 96 The riueris dittit with dei
corsis wox reid, 1818 Scorr Hrt. Midi. xxx, It ..
sweeps away a’ my gude thoughts, and dits up my gude
words. =
Dit, early form of Dire sb. Obs. composition.
|| Dita (dzta). [The native name.] The bark
of a forest tree found in the Philippine Islands,
Echites (Alstonia) scholaris. Usually dita-bark.
1876 Pharmacenut. Frni. Ser. ut. VI. 142 Under the
name ‘Dita’ the natives of the Philippines indicate the
bark of the Echites scholaris, Linn. (Adstonia scholaris,
Brown.), a stately forest tree. /é/d. The fame of dita
bark as a remedy is of old standing, since in 1678 it was
mentioned by Rheede and afterwards in 1741 by Rum-
phius. 1879 Watts Dict. Chem. VIII. 688 Dita bark
usually consists of irregular curved fragments from 40 to
60 mm. long, 15 mm. wide and 1 mm. thick, covered exter-
nally with a thin leather-coloured cortical layer.
Hence Ditamine (di'tamain), Ditaine (di'te,ain),
Chem. So AMINE, -INE], the characteristic amine
or alkaloid of dita-bark, C,,H,)NOg.
1876 Pharmaceut, Frul. Ser. 11. V1. 143 Ditain was pre-
pared by Gruppe in a manner similar to that_in_which
uinine is prepared. 1879 Watts Dict. Chem. VIII. 688
Gere eranx afterwards extracted from ditain a crystallis-
able substance which proved to be an alkaloid, but which..
he did not completely examine. /did., Ditamine is easily
soluble in ether [etc.].
Dital (dei-tal). [f. It. dito finger, after pedal:
ef. It. ditale glove-finger, finger-stall, thimble.]
The name given to a kind of stop to be pressed by
the thumb, by which the pitch of a guitar- or lute-
string can be raised by a semitone. Dital harp, an
instrument invented by Edward Light in 1798, and
patented with improvements in 1816, intended to
be an improvement of the guitar. It was fitted
with ditals.
1816 Specif. E. Light's Patent No. 4041. 2 To the harp
lute at present in use I apply certain pieces of mechanism
which I call ditals or thumb keys. 1880 Grove Dict. Mus.
s.v. Dital harp, Called ‘ ditals* or ‘thumb-keys’, in dis-
tinction from ‘ pedals’ or ‘foot-keys’.
tanie, -ny, ditayne, obs. ff. Dirrany.
+ Dita‘tion. Os. [n. of action f. L. ditare to
enrich, f. dives, dit- rich.] Enrichment.
1612-15 Br, Hatt Contempl., N. 7. 1. v, After all the
resents of these eastern worshippers who intended rather
jomage, than ditation, the blessed virgin comes, in the forme
of poverty, with her two doves. 1615 1. ADAMs Lycanthropy
29 They grudge not the Merchants wealth, nor envy the
ditation of Lawyers. 1659 Fertuam Low Countries Re-
solves, etc. (1677) 60 War..the worlds ruine..is to them
prosperity and Ditation.
Ditch (dit), sd.! Forms: 1-3 dic, 2-7 dich(e,
4-6 dych(e (4 dicche), 5-7 ditche (6 deche,
dytch), 6-diteh. [OE. d¢c, which has also given
DIkg, q.v.
The analogy of other words, e.g. ME. dike, diche, (dead)
body, dike, liche, adj., -rik, -riche, suffix in kinrik, kyne-
riche, etc., ik; ich, 1, pik, piche, pitch, stike, stiche, stitch,
leads us to pet dike as the northern, dich as the southern
repr. of OE. déc. The ME. evidence favours this; but in
modern use, both forms occur in nearly all of the
country, with various differentiation of meaning. Gener-
ally, ditch is a hollow channel or deep furrow, wet or dry,
but in some cages (see sense 4) it is an embankment or raised
fence; usually dtke or dyke is a bank or wall, but in many
parts it is a wide and deep channel for running water. The
existence of dick or deek in this sense in Kent, Sussex, and
other southern counties, is remarkable. The use of dike,
dyke, for a sea-wall or embankment in the eastern counties,
may ibly have been introduced from Hollands cf. the
title Dixe-cravr. ] : : .
1. An excavation narrow in proportion to its
length ; a long and narrow hollow dug in the
ground; the trench or fosse of a fortification, etc.
541
[847—c 1205 see Dike st. 1.] 1045 Charter Eadweard
in Cod. Dipl. IV. 98 (written after 1200) Of dam pade
on dane greatan porn de stynt wid Grimes dic; andlang
Bere diche on Sone haran porn. ax200 Moral Ode 41 Pes
riche Men wened bon siker purh walle and purh diche.
¢ 1205 Lay. 15900 Pa dich wes idoluen seoue vet depre.
c mge S. Eng. Leg. 1. 55/70 He wende and hudde him ina
Dich. ¢1340 Cursor 3J/, 9899 (Trin.) A deep diche [v.77
dik, dick] is pere aboute. c1430 Lyp¢. Bochas ul. 94a,
Cincinnatus. .Made dyches to geat his Sustenaunce.
Fasyan Chron. vi. cli. 138 He also..made a famous dyke
atwene Walys and the vtter bondys of Mercia. .the which,
to this day, is namyd Offedych. 1553 Even 7veat. Newe
Ind. (Arb.) 13 They moued neare vnto the trenche or ditche
of the castell. 1606 Suaxs. Ant. & CJ. v. ii. 57 Rather a
ditch in Egypt Be gentle graue vnto me. 1665 BoyLe
Occas. Ref. vii. (1845) 324 One must search the Ditches
amongst Briars and Weeds..to find Medicinable Herbs.
1776 Gipson Decé. § F. (1846) I. i. 17 Vhe rampart..was ..
defended by a ditch of twelve feet in depth as well as in
breadth. 1829 Cor. Hawker Diary (1893) II. 3 The most
impregnable fences I ever met with, and blind ditches, six
feet deep, to half the fields. 1879 Cassedl’s Techn. Educ.
IV. 136/2 The ditch of a permanent work provides the earth
to form the rampart.
b. Salt-making (Cheshire). See quot.
1884 Cheshire Gloss., Ditch, salt- making term. The
space in the ‘hot-house’ between two raised flues for
putting lump salt in to complete its stoving and drying.
2. esp. Such a hollow dug out to receive or con-
duct water, esp. to carry off the surface drainage of |
a road, a field, etc.
On the borders of fields, etc., often serving the double
purpose of carrying off surface water, and of forming an
effective protective fence. ‘The latter purpose is in marshy
ground often served by a ditch alone, but elsewhere usually
in combination with a hedge.
1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 409 Alle be wateres..aboute be
toun bere, And dyches and puttes, rede of blode were.
1305 St, Kenelm 364 in EL. E. P. (1862) 57 pis bodi..ina
foul dich me drou3 In pe fouleste pat pere was ne3. 13...
E. E, Allit. P. A. 606 He lauez hys gyftez as water of
dyche. 1484 Caxton Fadles of AEsop 1. ii, There were
frogges whiche were in dyches and pondesat theyre lyberte.
1582 N. Licnerietp tr. Castanheda’s Cong. E. Ind. \ix.
122b, There was cast about the same a Caue or Ditch,
which alwaies was full of water. 1697 Drypen Virg.
Georg. 1v. 687 All these Cocytus bounds..With muddy
Ditches, and with deadly Weeds. 1756 C. Lucas Ess.
Waters Il. 140 The overflowings of this spring fill all the..
ditches with a light, pale ochre. 1845 James A. Neil vii,
Ditches enough to drain the sea. 1881 Raymonp Mining
Gloss., Ditch, an artificial watercourse, flume, or canal, to
convey water for mining. A flume is usually of wood; a
ditch, of earth.
b. Extended rhetorically to any watercourse or
channel, including those of natural formation.
1589 Putrennam Eng. Poesie ui. xxiii. (Arb.) 277 Thy
maister durst not haue sent me These words, were it not
for that broad ditch [z.e. the English Channel] betweene
him and me. 1608 E. Grimstone Hist. France (1611) 364
That great ditch of the sea is sufficient to distinguish these
two Monarchies. 1660 F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc’s Trav. 251
This branch. .is much about the rate of the ditch or channel
of Pisa at Livorne, 1842 Dickens Amer. Notes u. iv, Vhe
Mississippi ..an enormous ditch sometimes two or three
miles wide, running liquid mud. 1874 KincsLey Let?.
(1878) II. 432 Across the rude rushing muddy ditch, the
Mississippi.
+3. Any hollow dug in the ground; a hole, pit,
cave, den. Ods.
c1275 Passion of our Lord 80 in O. E. Misc. 39 Hit is
iwrite bat myn hus is bede hus icleped. And ye peouene
dich hit habbeb y-maked. 1320 Sexyn Sag. (W.) 1279
The wise man dede make a dich, Ful of lim and of pich, ‘That
yif he agen wald come, That the traitour sscholde bi nome.
1340 Ayend. 57 Pe tauerne is a dich to pieues. c 1420
Pallad. on Husb. 1. 76 Make a dyche, and yf the moolde
abounde And wol not in agayn, it is fecounde. 14.. Voc. in
Wr.-Wiilcker 584 Fovea, a dyche.
4. A bank or mound formed by the earth
thrown up in digging a hollow or trench ; an em-
bankment; =Dike 5,6. Now only dial.
1568 GraFrron Chron. Il. 1301 [They] brake downe those
inclosures, and cast downe ditches. 1590 R. Payne Descr.
Irel, (1841) 9 Let the slope side of your ditch be towardes
your warraine, 1635 V. Riding Rec. IV. 36 Stopping the
ighway by casting upp a great ditche. 1666 in Picton
L'pool Munic. Rec. (1883) 1. 315 Roger Bushell shall throwe
down that new ditch hee hath made. 1880 Antrim &
Down Gloss., Ditch, a fence, generally of earth, 1892
E. J. Harpy in Sund. Mag. Sept. 600 It is not true, then,
that [in Malta] the mosquitoes are so large that they sit on
ditches and bark at you.
.5. Phrases. 70 fall or lead into a ditch ; to die in
aditch. The last ditch, the last line of defence;
to die in the last ditch, to die, resisting to the last
(see Dik v.1 3); so to be driven to the last ditch,
“i.e. to the utmost extremities. Zo /ay ( put) under
the ditch (U.S.), to intersect with ditches so as to
irrigate.
¢1380 Wyciir Serm, Sel. Wks. II. 25 Foolis and sinful
men lede ober foolis.into pe diche. 1382 — Matt. xv. 14
if a blynd_ man 3eue Jedynge to a blynd man, bothe
fallen doun in to the diche, cx440 Gesta Rone. Ixx. 326
(Harl. MS.) The stiward is fallyn in his owne diche, by be
right wisdom of Ei 1683 Burner tr. More’s Utopia
(1684) 39, I..shew him the Ditch into which he will fall, if
he is not aware of it. @1715 To die in the last ditch [see
Dir v.13]. 1798 in Proc. Amer. Antig. Soc. 1X. uj. 324 In
War We [Citizens of Westmoreland, Virginia] know but
one additional Obligation, ‘Io die in the Last Ditch or
uphold our Nation, 82x T. Jerrerson Wit, (1892) I. 122
A government. .driven to the last ditch by the universal call
for liberty. 1874 Biackie Se/*Cudt, 48 He who abstains
DITCH.
from it [whisky]. .will never die in a ditch. 1890 Spectator
ad Mar. 426/1 Although the discussion will be harassing,
the resistance will not be to the last ditch. Harper's
Mag. June 93/1 Three-fifths of it [the soil] can be laid under
the ditch. /ézd. 95/1 This scheme looks forward to putting
30,000 acres under the ditch.
6. attrib. and Comb. a, simple attrib., ‘ Of, be-
longing to, found in, working at,a ditch’, as ditch-
back, -bank, -bottom, -dog. -labourer, -side, -work,
-world. wb. ‘Of the quality of a ditch, dirty, vile,
worthless’, as ditch constable. ©. objective, as
ditch-digger. A. Special combs.: ditch-delivered
pa. pple., brought forth in a ditch ; ditch-drawn,
drawn from a ditch; ditch measure, see quot.
1670, and Percu. Also in various names of plants
growing in ditches, as ditch-bur, Xanthium
strumarium ; ditch-down, the reed-mace, 7ypha
latifolia; ditch-fern, Osmunda regalis; ditch-
grass (U.S.), Ruppia maritima; ditch-reed,
Phragmites communts. Also DiTCH-WATER.
1869 Lonsdale Gloss. *Ditch-back, a fence. 1776
Wituertnc Brit, Plants (1796) VII. 527 White Dead
Nettle. On rubbish, cornfields, and *ditch-banks. 1848
Turner Names of Herbes 81 Xanthium is called in english
*Dichebur or Clotbur. | 1608 Mippteton Mad World v.
ii. Wks. (Bullen) III. 350 I'll make you an example for all
“ditch constables. 1605 Snans. A/acd. w. i. 31 Birth-
strangled Babe, *Ditch-deliuer’d bya Drab. 1605 — Lear
ut. iv. 138 Poore Tom, that. .swallowes the old Rat, and the
*ditch-Dogge. 1611 Corcr. 7'yphe, water-Torch, Cats-
tayle, Reed Mace, *Ditch Downe, the marsh beetle or
pestle. 1889 Sat. Rev. 23 Mar. 335/2 The *ditch-drawn
missiles they fling about them. 14.. 47S. Gloss. Sloane
5 fol. gob in Sax. Leechdoms ILL. 321 *Diche fern, Osmunda.
1869 Biackmore Lorna D. iv, Here was no *ditch-labourer.
1670 J. Smitn Lng. linprov. Reviv'd 25 Uf the fence be
measured by Wood, Hedge, or * Ditch measure, allowing 18
foot to the Perch. c¢ 1440 Gesta Rom. viii. 21 (Harl. MS.)
The fond kny3t thei cast in a*dich place. 1843 Zoologist I.
too By *ditch-sides and mill-pond streams. 1562 Puarr
Aineid 1x. Aa iij b, Doth *dichworks giue them pryde?
1890 Pall Mall G. 4 Sept. 3/1 Frogs and minnows. .and all
the wonderful, mysterious “ditch-world that children love !
Ditch, sé.2: see under Ditcn v.?
Ditch (ditf),v.! [f. Diren sé.1 OE. had décian,
but this would regularly give dike : cf. Uéctan, like.]
1. intr. To construct a ditch or ditches.
1377 Lanew. P. /’/. B. x1x. 232 Somme he tau3te to tilie to
dyche and tothecche. 14.. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 584 /esso,
to dyche. 1523 Fivzuers. //xsd. § 123 It is lesse cost..to
quyckeset, dyche, and hedge, than to haue his cattell goo
before the herdeman. 1776 J. Q. Apams in Fam. Lett.
(1876) 195 The practice. . of ditching round about our enemies.
1860 Emerson Cond. Life, Fate Wks. (Bohn) 11. 314 They
are ferried over the Atlantic, and carted over America, to
ditch and to drudge.
2. ¢rans. To surround with a ditch; to cast a
ditch about, around, esp. for the purpose of defence,
fortification, or fixing a boundary.
13.. A. Adis, 2658 That cite was.. Wel y-walled, and well
y-dyched. ¢1386 Cuaucer At#.’s 7. 1028 The circuit..a
myle was aboute, Walled of stoon, and dyched al witoute.
1520 Caxton’s Chron, Eng. vit. 118 b/2 He made..a fayre
towne of pavylyons, and dyched them all aboute. 1523
Firzners. usb. § 123 Seuerall closes and pastures. .the
whiche wolde be wel quyckesetted, dyched, & hedged.
1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. VIII ‘an. 12) 77 b, The Campe
was..ditched rounde aboute. 1670 Mitton //ist. Eng. i.
(1851) 42 Towns then in Britain were only Wooddy places
Ditch’t round. 1788 Filey Jnclos. Act 14 Vhe several parcels
of land .. shall inclosed, hedged, ditched, or fenced.
1848 Petrie tr. A.S. Chron. 89 They ditched the city around
[axno 1016 bedicodon ba pak utan].
8. To dig ditches or furrows in for purposes of
drainage or irrigation ; to provide with ditches.
*393 Gower Conf. I. 153 The erthe..men it delve and
diche And eren it with strength of plough. 1565-73 CoorrR
Thesaurus, Agrum fossione concidere..to trench or ditch
the grounde to avoyde water. 1598 Barret 7heor. Warres
1v. i. 99 Whether the countrey be stony, plaine field, or
ditched. 1747 Franxuin Let. Wks. 1887 II. 80 Eighty acres
[of meadow], forty of which had been ditched and mowed.
1837 Howitr Kur, Life ui. iii. (1862) 110 Set two men to
ditch the five roods, 1837 Hr. Martineau Soc. Amer. ILI.
25 Papa said he might be compelled to ditch rice fields, but
ie never would undertake to teach children again.
b. To cut furrows in (stone), ;
1865 Morn. Star 18 Apr., It is driven by manual power,
and is intended for cutting or ‘ditching’ the stone in the
quarry. .
+ 4. zntr. Of the earth: To become ditched; to
open up into furrows or chasms. Oés.
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 424/1 There cam a woman which
meruaylled moche how therthe claue & dyched by hit self
onelye by the touchyng of the holy mannes Staffe.
5. To clean out, scour (a ditch) ; to cast up and
repair (the banks of a ditch or hedge).
1576 Act 18 Eliz. c. 10. § 4 All and euery person and
persons that shall not repaire, diche, or scoure any hayes,
fences, diches, or hedges adioyning to any high way. did.
§6 Upon paine of forfeiture .. for euery rod not so ditched
and scoured xiid. 1874 R. Jerreries in Toilers of
Field (1893) 95 The Master has given him a hedge to cut
and ditch. [1888 E.wortuy HW’. Somerset Word-bk., Dik,
..to make good the sides and top of a hedge, which in this
district is usually a high bank ; i.e. to throw up the parings
upon the top.] i
6. /rans. To throw into or as into a ditch ; esfi
in U.S., to throw (a train) off the line or track.
x87 J A. Atten Amer, Bison 470 After having trains
ditched twice in one “week, conductors learned to have..
respect for the idiosyncrasies of the buffalo. 1881 PAilad.
DITCH.
Rec. No. 3498. t A..train .. struck a drove of cattle..on
Saturday. ‘The engine was ditched and turned on its side.
7. To ditch in, out: to enclose, or shut out, by
means of a ditch; Zo ditch up=2.
1545 Ascuam 7oxopfh.(Arb.) 96 The more vnreasonable is
theyr dede whiche woulde ditche vp those feeldes priuatly
for ther owne profyt. x555 Latimer Serm. & Rem. (1845)
282 Indeed they ought regere.. Not as they will themselves :
but this vegere must be hedged.in and ditched in. 1630
R. Fohnson's Kingd. < Commw. 39 To hedge and ditch out
their incroaching neighbours.
Hence Di-tched /#/. a., furnished with a ditch ;
also with adv., as ditched-in, enclosed with a ditch.
1810 Sporting Mag. XX XV. 139 Four-mile heats. .over
the new ditched-in Course. 1895 United Service Mag. July
430 The ditched parapet.
tch, v.2 dial. Also deech. [OE. décan,
ME. déche to smcar, daub: app. unknown to the
other Teutonic langs. It is notable that this verb,
used in OE. and in modern dialects, is known to us,
during the intervening goo years, only inthe 15th c.
transl. of Palladius on L/ushandry: see DECHE.
The modern ad/ch shows a recent shortening of (7) to
(i).] trans. Tosmear, daub, plaster, impregnate, esp.
with dirt which hardens and becomes ‘ ingrained’.
@ 1000, c 1420 [see Decne v.]. 1 W. Marsuate Midi.
Counties Gloss. (E. D. S.) Ditch, to stick to, as the
clamminess of mow-burnt hay sticks to the cutting knife.
1860 (Northamptonsh.) ‘His face and hands are ditched
with dirt.” 1872 Besant & Rice Neady-Money Mortiboy
xxi, Smearing his coarse hands with spirits, to get off the
dirt with which they were ditched. 1881 Leicester Gloss.
s.v., The touch-ole were reg'lar ditched up. 1896 Academy
29 Feb, 178/3 Deech't.
b. intr. for reft.
31881 Leicester Gloss., Ditch. .to get dirty; filled with dirt.
* My hands never ditch’, i.e. the dirt does not get grained
into them so that it will not wash off.
Hence Ditch 54.2 dial. ‘dirt grained into the
hands, or in cracks, crevices, etc.’ (Leicester Gloss.).
1847-78 Hacuiweit, Ditch, grimy dirt.
Gloss. s.v., 1 want to get off the ditch.
Ditcher (dit{/ar. [f. Divcn v.! + -Er 1]
1. One who makes and repairs ditches.
1430 Lypc. Min. Poems (1840) 211 (Matz.) Dichers,
delverys, that greet travaylle endure. 1 Mann. &
Househ. Exp, 261 My mastyr payed to John Wodeman,
the dycher, 1ij.s. iiij.d. 1602 Suaxs. //am. v. i. 33 There
is no ancient Gentlemen, but Gardiners, Ditchers and Graue-
makers; they hold vp Adams Profession. 1730 Swirt
Panegyrick on Dean 156 Our thatcher, ditcher, gard'ner,
baily. 1848 Mitt Pol. Econ. 1. ii. § 1 The hedgers and
ditchers who made the fences ...for the protection of
the crop.
2. A machine used to make ditches; a ditching-
machine.
1862 Zimes 12 June, In addition to the agricultural
machines. .a ditcher, which will cut a ditch of any depth or
width, lift out the earth, and deposit it in any given place.
1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. 1, 711 A rotary ditcher.
attrib, 1887 Sci. Amer. 30 July 74/1 A combined culti-
vator and potato digger.. It has a plow or ditcher shovel
formed from a plate of metal,
3. (See quot. 1890.)
1884 Pall Mall G. 19 Nov. 1/2 In time of war the
‘ditchers’ would be bound to coal..at Sierra Leone. 1890
New Rev. Feb, 153 Steamers specially built for the passage
“Dhiag | itfiny called [ Jitchers '. : }
hing (di'tfin), v/. sd. [f.as prec. + -1nc 1,
The action of the verb Dircu. a. The making
and repairing of ditches.
¢ 1380 Wycur Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 28 For dichying and
hegging and delvynge of tounes. 1§23 Fitzners. //usd,
§ 123 In quickesettynge, dychynge and hedgynge. 1767 A.
Younec Farmer's Lett. to People 245 When the ditching is
done, the next work is to land-drain the whole fields. 1868
Rocers Pol. Econ. xii. (1876) 159 Rough draining, ditching,
and ay were used in wet soils,
b. Sculpture. (See quot.).
1886° Pall Mall G. 1 _— 14/1 On being asked the way
he prepared his models he continued :—I first draw the sub-
Sect in crayon .. and then transfer the lines to clay. Then
begin an operation known as ‘ ditching,’ which consists of
digging up around the outlines of the figures and objects
until they stand out in rough relief.
ce. Comb., as ditching-machine, -plough, -tool.
1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Ditching-plow, a plow having a
deep, narrow share for cutting drains and trenches, and means
for hifting the earth and depositing it at the side or sides of the
excavation. 1880 J. W. Hine /élustr. Guide Agric. Jmplem,
500 Fowler's ditchi hine..for op wide di
or irrigation ditches.
Di-tchless, a. [f. Dircn sd.1+-LEss.] With-
out a ditch.
1876 T. Harpy ce pereetpealy I 27 The glazed high-road
which stretched, hedgeless and ditchless. .lying like a riband
(olor anor ms po x ; A. i oa
io) I, 29 Skirted by a ditchless w: eart stone.
Ditchlike, a. [f.as prec. + Like a.] Like
or resembling a ditch.
1743 Savace London & Bristol (R.), Thy cliffs a ditch-
like river laves, Rude as thy rocks and muddy as thy waves.
1890 Botprewoop Colonial Re, 5 (89) 185 A sombre water-
course, the ditchlike banks of which dropped perpendicularly
through the clay.
Ditch-wa-ter. The stagnant, stale, or foul
water which collects in a ditch, Chiefly in the
phrases; ‘+ as digne asd. (see Diane 4); + as light
(i.e. easy) as d.; as dull as d.
©1394, 7. Pl. Crede 375 ben digne as dich water pat
degeer in baytep. Ril dy Nenaeyuge E, T. S.) 16
542
nae apa forth in be ober figurys till pou come to be ende,
it is lyght as dyche water. 1819 SHetity Cencé u. i. 67
Ditch water, and the fever-stricken Of buffs > 4
W. H. Maxwe et Sports §& Adv. Scotl. (1855) 17 The peop!
+. are as ‘dull as ditch-water’, G. Travers Mona
Maclean 1, 203, 1 find them dull as ditch-water, “
attrib. 1826 H. N. Corertoce West Indies 295 In virtue
of their freckled ditchwater faces. ‘
Hence Ditchwaterly adv,,= ‘as ditch-water’
(see above); Di-tchwa:tery a., of the quality of
ditch-water, dull as ditch-water; whence Di'teh-
wa‘teriness. (s071ce-wwds.)
1840 /'raser’s Mag. XXI. 19 If it be so prepared as to be
piquant, then, it is of small consequence what may be its
ditch-wateriness. 1859 SALa Gas-light & D. xxiv. 270 How
wofully tired, and ditchwaterly dull they look.
Di'tchy, a. [f. Dire sé.1+-¥1.] Ofthe nature
of a ditch ; abounding in ditches or deep furrows.
178 T. Twininc in L. Twining Recreat. & Studies (1882)
135 If the Seine were a little less ditchy. 1888 Bradford
Cycle Co. Prospectus 2 The very pleasant swinging sensa-
tion one feels when riding ditchy roads. .is wonderful com-
pared to the bumping. .on an ordinary-type safety.
+ Dite, sd. Obs. (After 1500 only Sc.) Also 5
dete, dit, 5-6 dyt(e, Sc. dyit. [a. OF. d#t (12the,
in Littré) saying, speech :—L. dict-unéthat which is
said, saying, word, f, d&ére to sayy cf. Dict. (The
final e was app. a phonetic expedient to indicate
the length of the 7; but in some 15th c. instances,
it is difficult to say whether dite stands for this, or
for ditty. See also Dit sd.]
1. Something indited or composed and put in
writing; a composition, writing; a written mes-
sage, letter, ‘ passage’, etc. Zo put in dite: to
put in writing, put on record.
1340-70 Alex. & Dind. 819 Sone sente he again his sel &
his lettrus .. To dindimus pe dere king pat pe dite radde.
| ¢1425 Wystoun Cron, vin. xix. 1 Here Wyntown poyntis in
1881 Leicester |
pis Dyte Quhat he gert of pis Tretis wryt. c1470 Henry
Wallace v. 540 Maister Jhone Blayr..'That fyrst compild in
dyt the Latyne buk Off Wallace lyff. 1535 Stewart Cron.
Scot. 1. 474 In haist ane epistill he gart write .. contenand
this same dyte. _1§78 /’s. cvi. in Scot. Poems 16th C. 11. 107
| Thy magnitude I will it put in dyte.
| Wor
2. A composition in poetic form, or intended to
be set to music; a song, a ditty.
1325 Prose Psalter xxxix [xl]. 4 And he laide gode worde
in my moube, dite to our Lord [Vulg. carmen Deo nostro).
€ 1386 7 Cuaucer Balade of Compleynt 16 Beseching you ..
‘Taccepte in worth this litel povre dyte. c1470 Henry
Wallace x1. 143 All worthi men at redys this rurall dyt,
Blaym nocht the buk. 1567 Satir. Poems Reform. iii. 156
Sho the cause is of my wofull dyte.
3. Manner or mode of composition; form of
speech ; diction, language. Sc,
c142§ Wyntoun Cron. 1v. Prol. 3 A Tretys made to be
publik, Fourme of dyte and fayre spekyng. 1535 STEWART
Cron. Scot. (1858) 1. 4 The kingis grace I knaw 1s nocht per-
fite In Latyn toung, and namelie in sic dyte It wilbe tedious
.. To reid the thing he can nocht vnderstand. 1549 Commi.
Scot. vi. 68 The quhilk dreyme i sal reherse in this gros dyit.
4. Clamour, vociferation. rare.
¢1400 Destr. Troy 5788 Cloudis with the clamour claterit
aboue, Of the dit & pe dyn, pat to dethe went. /id. 11946
The dyn & the dite was dole for to here. /did. 1347, 8680.
+ Dite, v. Obs. Also 5-6 dytie. [a. OF. diter,
earlier dtfier (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), to write,
compose :—L, dictare, freq. of dicére to say, tell
(see Dictate), mod.F. dicter, Perh. in some cases
| aphetic form of endite, INpiTE. After 1500 main]
Sc. In early examples often difficult to distinguis'
from DiGut v., senses 1, 2, 6.)
1. trans. To compose or put in words (a set
speech, poem, or writing); to indite. (Also
absol.)
ay Sat. People Kildare xiv. in FE. E. P. (1862) 155
B hit wer pat he wer king Pat ditid pis trie bing. € ae
Promp. Parv. 123/2 Dytyn or ~—— letters and speche,
dicto. 1450 Henryson A/or. ad. 16 So different. are
they in properties .. my cunning is excluded for to dyte.
1535 Coverpace /’s, xliv. 1 My hert is dytinge of a good
matter. 1549 Compl. Scot. x. 82 Quhou beit that the said
poietical beuk be 7 oratourly, 3603 Jas. I in Ellis
Orig. Lett. Ser. 1. 111. 80, I suspecte ye have rather written
then dyted it,
2. =Dicrare. a. To utter or pronounce to a
coy (what he is to write), b. To prescribe,
ay down, impose, order.
fhe first quot. is doubtful ; it may belong to Dicur v. 2.
a@ 1400-50 Alexander 3462 A3xt daies all lene he dites
in his pistill For reuerence of Rosan to revell & halowe.
1536 Bettenven Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 196 Origenes, ane
singular man..with sa properant ingine, that he wald dite
fastar than sevin practicians might suffice to write. 1563
Davinson Answ, Kennedy in Wodr. Soc. Misc. (1844) 201
That quhilk the Haly Spirit dytit to them. a 1598 R.
Rottock Wks. (1844) 11. ix. 103 Pilate insisted earnestly
to get Jesus, whom his conscience dited to be innocent, set
free. 1643 R. Bante Lett. §& Fruls, Mee oh Il. 71 Dr,
ig, yore -his notes on the hard places of Scripture.
3. To summon, indict.
1440 Promp, Parv. 123/2 D: or indytyn for trespace,
indicto. ¢14§0 HeNRYSON ‘Mor Fab. 43 Ane Schiref stout
Whilk .. hes with him ane cursed assyse about, And dytes
all the poore men vpon land. ?a1g00 7hrie Priests Peblis
(Jam, tg dyte your Lords, and heryis up your men.
19775 + Prarr Liberal Opinions (1783) 1. 157 grocer
would dite them for a nuisance,
Dite, obs. form of Diecut, Dirry.
DITHEIST.
+ Ditement!, 0%s. [f. Dire v. + -wenr: ef.
OF. ditement (L. type *dictamentum) ; but perh.
often aphetic f. zvditement, INDICTMENT.]
1. A written or spoken composition ; = Dur sé.
3. Sas
1556 Lauper 7ractate I wald beseik 30ur Maies:eis,
My dytement did 30v roy isplei Wager Cert.
7 ractates iii, Wks. 1888 1. 25 Ane form of ditement maid
for caus of exercise priuat studie, as vsis to be in
1629 Moore or RowatLan 7 rue Crucifix 22 (Jam.) Which
ditements. — serve his glorious image to p'
. Inditing ; dictation. Sc. ‘
r Jas. I BaowA. Awpov 8 Some of them [apocry
bots] are no wais like the ditement of the Spirit ol”
2. A summons, an indictment.
@1308 Pol. Songs (Camden) 198 That seli asse, That
trespasid no3t, no did no gilte..in the ditement was i-pilt.
x pton Corr. 171 Anthony Cliforth gave in the bill
of dytement against my sone,
‘tement *, Obs. rare. [for *dightment, f.
Dicut v. + -MENT.] ‘That with which one is
‘dight’ or arrayed ; raiment, array.
1603 Harsnet Pop. /utpost. 93 These Priests ditements
being severally so a | infernal serpents and scorpions to
sting and bite the Devil.
+ Dirter. 0és. Also 4-5 -our, 5-ar. [ME. (and
AF.) ditour =OF. diteor, ditor, ditur author, com-
poser, public crier, etc. :—L. dictatér-em (see Dic-
TATOR), agent-n. f. dictdre: see Dire v. But in
sense I, perh. a direct deriv. of the vb.]
1. One who indites ; author, writer, composer.
1388 Wycur Esther viii. 9 The dyteris and writeris of the
kyng weren clepid. 1535 Coverpate 2 Sam, xxiii. 1 A
P t dyter of songes of Israel. 1 Animadv. Kirk
in J. Melvill’s Diary (1842) 234 For the Saxt Act, the
dytter thairof apeires to be verie cairfull.
5. An orator, rhetorician.
1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) Il. 373 Advoketes and di-
toures [oratores}]. Jbid. Il. 163 pis happe spekep a
dytour (Ca-ré. or ret[or]ycyon, orig. exclamator guidam.]
3. A summoner, indicter.
I R. Brunne Handl. Synne 338 What shal we sey of
pay! Heat . pat for hate a trew! wy! endyte. c1400-20
Fudicinm (1822) 6 Of backbytars fals quest dytars.
ter, obs. form of DiGHTER.
Ditetragonal (doit/tre gonial), a. Cryst. [f.
Di-21+TETRAGONAL.] Having eight angles, of
which the first, third, fifth, and seventh, are equal
to one another, and the second, fourth, sixth, and
eighth, also equal to one another, but those of the
one set not equal to those of the other; as a di-
tetragonal pyramid or prism. Cf. DIHEXAGONAL.
1879 RutLey Study Rocks x. 109 The form assumed by
leucite is a combination of a di-tetragonal pyramid. .with a
tetragonal pyramid. 1895 Story-Masxetyne Crystallogr.
vy. § 112. 129 When the symmetry is complete it is di-
tetragonal. did. vii. § 200. 248 The ditetragonal prism.
+ Di-tetrahe‘dral, a. Cryst. Obs. [f. Di-?
1 + TETRAHEDRAL.] Having the form of a tetra-
hedral prism with gihedral summits.
1805-17 R. Jameson Char, Min. (ed. 3) 203 It ts
a four-sided prism, bevelled on the extremities. ple,
Di-tetrahedral tremolite,
Diteyne, obs. form of Dirrany.
Dith, dip, obs. form of Dearu.
Di ous (daipe'lies), a. Chem. [f. Di-?
+ Tuaiious (f, THALLIuM + -ovs).] Applied
to thallious salts which contain two equivalents of
thallium. See THALLIous,
1868 Warts Dict. Chem. V. 755 The dithallious salt. 1873
Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 11) 413 Dit ort!
Dithecal (daipikal), a. Bot. [fas next +-au.]
=next.
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dithecal anthers, anthers in which
the septa between the two loculi of each anther-lobe have
been absorbed, so that there are two cells or cavities only.
Di (daipikos), a. Bot. [f. Gr. &-,
Di- 2 twice + @n«n case + -ous.] Consisting of two
cells or small tacles ; bilocular,
1880 Gray Struct. Bot. vi. § 6. 254 The normal anther is
tw Hed, bil | ,» or ith
Ditheism (doipijiz’m). [f. Di-2 + Tuxism.]
Belief in two supreme gods; religious dualism ;
esp. the belief in two independent antagonistic prin-
ciples of good and evil, as in Zoroastrianism and
Manicheism, Also applied (controversially) to
forms of belief in which it is asserted or implied
that Jesus Christ is not of one substance with God
the Father, as in Arianism and Socinianism,
1678 Cuwortn /ntell. Syst. 1. iv. oe 213 That fore-
of two a and an
rvist's Divinity 84
‘The common Answer to the Charge of Tien, Di-
theism, as well of the Post-Nicene, as Ante-Nicene Fathers,
listus..
jpassianism, on t
A. C. Heapiam in Expository Times Mar.
a The Fat a Oe oe action, one
t pose. . If we are to realize . . ‘onement, We
must a kde all idea of ditheism or tritheism.
Di (dai-péist). [f. Di- 2+ Tuxrst.] One
who holds the goon: 1s
Cupwortn Jnt 4.1. iv. $13. 213 These Di
ee er ee Pd eal Fh eee
*
DITHEISTIC.
never have asserted any more principles or gods than one.
1720 WATERLAND Eight Serm. Pref. 36 They do by. . Implica-
tion, tho’ not in Intention, make two supreme Gods; and
consequently are practical Ditheists.
Ditheistic (dai:pzji-stik), a. [f. prec. + -10.]
Of or pertaining to ditheism. So Dithei‘stical a.
1678 Cupwortn /n/el?. Syst. 1. iv. § 13. 213 The chiefest
..Assertors of which Ditheistick Doctrine of..a Good God
and an Evil Demon, were the Marcionites and the Mani-
cheans. 1750 Bouinceroke Authority in Relig. 1. xxvii,
I have spoken somewhere of the ditheistical doctrine. 1890
Hatcu /nfluence Grk. Ideas Chr. Ch, viii. 228 ‘The di-
theistic hypothesis was more difficult than the difficulties
which it explained, ;
Dither (dida1), v. Chiefly dia/. [A phonetic
yariation of Dipper, q.v. ; cf. father, mother, fea-
ther, hither, gather, in which -ther represents earlier
-der.|_ intr, To tremble, quake, quiver, thrill.
1 vie: Cast. York (Surtees) 29 He saw the said Sara
Rodes .. her body quakeing and dithering about halfe a
quarter of an hower. 1666 tr. Horace Odes 1. xxiii, So
tremulous is she Dith’ring both in heart and knee. 1820
Crare Rural Life (ed. 3) 47 Needy Labour dithering
stands, 18a8 in Craven Gloss. 1891 Mrs, L. Apams Bounte
Kate 11. iii. 85 Kate would not be there to hear it [the organ]
boom, and thrill, and ‘dither’. [In most dialect glossaries as
far south as Shropsh., Leicester, Northamp.]
Hence Di‘thering vd/. sb, and Ppl. a.; dither-
ing-grass, quaking-grass, Briza media.
r82x Crare Vill, Minstr. II. 193 How have I joy’d, with
dithering hands, to find Each fading flower. 1878-86
Britren & Hottann Plant-n., ieee Grass, Brisa
media, Lanc, x890 R. Kiptinc Soldiers Three 65 Thomas
in bulk cari be worked up into ditthering, rippling hysteria.
Dither, sd. [f. prec. vb.] The action of dither-
ing ; vibration.
1878 F, S. Wittiams Mid?. Railw. 651 The firmness with
which one has to stand on the footplate in order to resist
the ‘dither’ oftheengine. 1888 Engineer 24 Feb. 165 /3 The
range of the reciprocation of the tool .. is not much more
than a vibration or dither.
Dithionic (doipaig:nik, dipigsnik), a Chem.
[f. Di- 2 + Oefoy sulphur + -1c. (The formative
-thionic is used for a group of compounds contain-
ing H, O,, in combifation with two or more atoms
of sulphur.)] In dithionite acid, a synonym of hypo-
sulphuric acid, H,S,O,, a dibasic acid not isolated
in the pure state, but forming crystallizable salts,
called Dithionates (daipai‘dnét).
1 J. Scorrern in Orr's Circ. Sc. Chem. 285 Hypo-
sulphuric acid (Dithionic acid). 1868 Watts Dict. Chem.
¥. 697 Dithionic acid, when concentrated as highly as
possible, is an inodorous, strongly acid, hydrated liquid,
of specific gravity 1-347; on attempting to concentrate it
further, it is resolved into sulphuric acid and sulphurous
oxide..The dithionates are permanent at ordinary tempera-
tures. 1883 Hardzwich's Photogr. Chem. 97 All the acids
being unstable with the exception of the Dithionic.
Dithyramb (di-pireemb), [ad. L. dithyrambus,
a, Gr. &:0vpapBos (origin unknown). In F. adéthy-
rambe, Also used in the Latin form.] Gr. Antig.
A Greek choric hymn, originally in honour of
Dionysus or Bacchus, vehement and wild in char-
acter; a Bacchanalian song.
x. Hotiann Plutarch’s Mor. 1358 According as
Aeschylus saith: The Dithyrambe with clamours dissonant
Sorts well with Bacchus. 1847 Grote Greece u. xxix. 1V,
118 The primitive Dithyrambus was a round choric dance
and song in honour of Dionysus. 1873 Symonps Gr. Poets
v, 118 The Dithyramb never lost the tempestuous and enthu-
siastic character of Bacchic revelry. i
b. transf. A metrical composition having char-
acteristics similar to this.
1656 S. Hottanp Zara i. ifi. 153 The Musick having
charmed their sences with a Celestiall Dithyramb [ J. Dyra-
thamb]. [1727-51 Campers Cyc/. s. v., Some .. modern
writers, have composed Latin pieces of all kinds of verse in-
base pnp - without any order, or distribution into strophes,
and call them dithyrambi.] 1859 A. A. Bonar in Spurgeon
Treas. Dav. Ps. vii. heading, Ewald suggests, that it
[Shiggaion] might be rendered ‘a confused ode’, a Dithy-
ram 1860 Apter Fauriel’s Prov. Poetry i. 8 Martial
dithyrambs, full of ardor and highmindedness.
¢e. A speech or writing in vehement or inflated
style,
1863 Gro. Extor Romola xxxix, What dithyrambs he
went into about eating and drinking. 1863 Sa/. Rev. 153
M. Victor Hugo, in Les Misérables, has poured forth a
rhapsody, or dithyramb, or whatever, under a classical
name, expresses exaggerated and inflated nonsense. 1877
Mortey Crit, Misc, Ser. 1. 4 Mr. Carlyle. .has reproduced
in stirring and resplendent dithyrambs the fire and passion
+ of the French Reyolution, ‘
bic (dipiree-mbik), a, and sb. [ad.
L. dithyrambic-us, a, Gr. b:OvpapBirds, f. dOvpap-
Bos: see prec. In F. dithyrambigue.]
_A. adj. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a
dithyramb ; composing dithyrambs.
1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 1358 To Bacchus they do
chant .. certeine Dithyrambicke ditties and tunes, 1656
Cowiey Pindar, Odes, Praise Pindar ii, So Pindar does
new Words and Figures roul Down his impetuous Dithy-
rambique ‘Tide. 1853 Grote Greece u. Ixxxiii. XI. 36 The
dithyrambic poet Philoxenus. 1854 Loner. Zpimetheus ii,
With dithyrambic dances. : .
b. ¢ransf. Resembling a dithyramb in irregu-
larity of style; wild, vehement, boisterous.
\ x61 SytvesterR Du Bartas u. iv. 11. Schisme 547 Ba’l's
bawling Priests .. howling chaunt these Dithyrambik charms.
1689-90 Tempe Ess. Poetry Wks. 1731 I. 245 ‘The common
.
543
Vein of the Gothick Runes was what is termed Dithiram-
bick. 1692 Bentley Boyle Lect. ix. 329 Dithyrambic liberty
of Style. 1838 Prescorr Ferd. & /s, (1846) IL. xx. 208 A
flow of lofty dithyrambic eloquence. .
B. sb. a, A dithyrambic verse; a dithyramb.
b. Something resembling a dithyramb in style.
é. A writer of a dithyramb.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. vit. xiv. 367 Philoxenus
.. went off from the Dorick Dytherambicks unto the Phry-
gian Harmony. 1674 Biount Glossogr. (ed. 4), The Poets,
whocomposed such Hymns, were called Dithyrambicks. 1828
CartyLe Goethe's Helena Misc. Ess. 1872 I. 163 He con-
cludes with another rapid dithyrambic describing the
Peninsula of Greece. 18g0 Maurice Mor. & Met. Philos.
(ed. 2) 126 [Plato] had been a writer of dithyrambics.
+ Dithyra‘mbical, 2. Obs. rare. = prec. adj.
1624 GATAKER Transubst, 94 Writing rather like a Dithy-
rambicall Poet ..then like a sober and sound Divine,
Dithyrambist (dipirembist). [f. Dirny-
RAMB+-IST.] A composer or utterer of dithy-
rambs.
1885 Sfectator 30 May 704/t The great dithyrambist to
whom Fragce is about to pay the last honours.
Dithyrous (di:piros), a. [f. Gr. 5idvpos having
two doors, (f. 8-, Di-2+ @vpa door) + -ous.]
‘ Having two valves’, Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883.
+ Diting, v//. sd. Ods. [f. Dire v. + -1nG 1]
1. The action of the verb Dire : inditing.
1382 Wycur MW sd. Prol., That diting the more smelleth
fair Grec speche. cx400 Destr. Tray 7392 Dares in his
dytyng. of his dedis tellis. c1440 Promp. Parv. 123/2
Dytynge, or indytynge of curyowse speche, dictamen.
a 1605 Potwart /lytyng w. Montgomerie 224 Thy doytit
dytings soone denie.
2. Indictment.
cx44g0 Promp. Parv. 123/2 Dytynge, or indytynge of
trespace, Zadictacio.
Diting, obs. form of Dicutine.
+ Dition (di-fan). Ods. Also 6 dicion. [a.
OF. diction (dition), ad. L. dicton-em (in later tran-
scription dz/2on-em) command, rule, sway, autho-
rity; perh. from root dzc- of dicére to declare, tell,
say, etc. Cf. ConpitTI0n.]
1. Rule, sway, jurisdiction, command.
1538 Leann /¢iz. I. 70 Northalvertonshir is holely of the
Dition of the Bishop of Duresme. 1633 Br. Hatt ard
Texts Luke ii. 1 Under the Roman dition and jurisdiction.
1654 Vitvain Efit, Ess.v. vi, Cambry twelv Shires contains
under one dition. ‘ :
2. The country or region under any particular
rule; a dominion, empire.
1542 Upatt Erasm. Apoph. 256a, A dicion or royalme
descended and come to his possession, 1545 Jove /.x/, Dax.
iv. Hivb, Caste oute of theyr dicions empyres and realmes,
1685 H. More Paralip. Prophet. 64 Herodes Palaestinus
.. was banished beyond the Alpes, and part of his Dition laid
to the Publick.
"1 3. Used by T. Adams app. in sense ‘ enrich-
ment, resources’: perh, by confusion with Drra-
TION, and with play on addition, condttion.
1615 T. Apvams Black Devill 25 A mutinous rebell viresgue
acquirit eundo: he still enlargeth his own Dition. 1633 —
Exp. 2 Peter i, 11 Rich men scorn to be beggars, their
dition admits no such condition.
+ Di'tionary, a. and sd. Ods. [f. prec. + -ary.]
A. adj. Under dominion ; subject, tributary.
1629 CHAPMAN Yuvenal v. 180 Now our markets their
chief purveyance owe To some remote and ditionary coast.
B. sd. One who is under rule; a subject.
155s Even Decades 18 The ditionaries of Cannaboa.
Ibid, 23 All the ae which dwell betwene the Weste
ende and his palaice are ditionaries. [1577 Objected to
by R. Willes in his re-edition of Eden’s Hist, Pref. to
Rdr.]
Ditokous (ditokes), a Zool. [f. Gr. durdxos
having two at a birth (f. &-, Di-2 +7éxos a bring-
ing forth, offspring) +-ous.] a. Producing two at
a birth; having twins. b. Laying only two eggs
in a clutch, as pigeons. c. Producing young of
two kinds, as some worms,
In recent Dicts. é :
Ditolyl (doitowlil). Chem. [Dr-2.] An aro-
matic hydrocarbon, a crystalline substance of the
constitution 2(C,H,-CH;): see TotyL.
1877 Watts Fownes’ Chem. U1. 564 Ditolyl..forms mono-
clinic crystals, easily soluble in hot alcohol, melting at 121°,
1878 Pharmaceut, Jrul. Ser. 11. VIII. 379 Two liquid
ditolyls boiling about 275° and 285° were Stated
Diton, var. of Dirron, Ods., a phrase.
Ditone (doai-tdun), Aus, [ad. Gr. dirov-ov the
ancient major third, neuter of Sirovos, f. &-, D1- 2
+7évos TONE.] An interval containing two whole
tones; a major third; esp. the Pythagorean major
third in ancient Greek music, consisting of two
major tones (ratio 81 ; 64).
1609 Doutanp Ornith. Micro. 18 A Ditone is a perfect
third: so called, because it containes .. two Tones. 694
W. Hotper Harmony (x73) 98 In the Enharmonic Kin
[the Ancients used] only Diesis, or quarter of a Tone, and
made the Tetrachord,
Ditone, as the ~—— whereby th
1818 Gentl. Mag. May 416/r ‘The Enharmonic [Scale pro-
ceeded] by the semitone and ditones (or combinations of two
whole tones). :
Hence ‘ Dito‘nean a., containing a ditone,
Obs.
1728 R. Nortu Mem, of Music (1846) 20 The Ditonean
scale as they used it is not without this fault. :
|
DITTANDER.
Ditrematous (doitr?matas), a. Zool. [f. mod.
L. Ditrémata neut. pl. (f. Gr. &-, Di-2 + rpfya,
Tpnuar- opening) +-ous.] Of or pertaining to the
Diutremata, a division of gastropod molluscs, hav-
ing the external male and female orifices widely
separate ; also, having the anal and genital orifices
distinct, as in Dz/rema, a genus of fishes.
In recent Dicts.
Ditremid (doitr7mid). Zool, [f. mod.L. Di-
tremid-w sb. pl., f. Ditrema: see prec.] A fish of
the family Ditremide, of which Ditrema (see prec.)
is the typical genus. So Ditre’moid a., of or per-
taining to this family of fishes.
Di-tri-, 2 compendious way of expressing d7- or
tri-, di- and trt-, in composition, as dz-trichotomous
= dichotomous or trichotomous, d?-trimerous
(abbreviated 2-3 -merous, cf. 2-3 -fid, 2-3 -celled,
etc.).
1838 Loupon Encycl. Plants (1841) 57 Trichodium cani-
num, Branches of panicle di-trichotomous roughish, glumes
acute. 1847 Craic, Ditrichotomous, divided into twos or
threes ; having the stems continually dividing into double or
treble ramifications ; the term is sometimes applied to a
panicle of flowers. {So in later Dicts.] ee
Ditriglyph (doitraiglif). Arch. [a. F. detrt-
sphe (Dict. de Trevoux), f. Di- > + vighyphe.]
1. ‘The space between two triglyphs’.
1727-51 CHAMBERS Cyc, 1731 Baitey vol. II. 1754 Diet.
Arts & Sc. 1.947. 1830‘ R. Sruarr’ Dict, Archit. IN. 11
Ditriglyph, the intervening space between two triglyphs.
(Cf. Livtré s.v. Ditrigly phe.)
2. A certain interval (viz. 53 modules) between
columns of the Doric order ‘nearly but not quite
equal to that of the diastyle intercolumniation in
the other orders, which is 6 modules), admitting
the use of two triglyphs in the frieze, between those
over the columns.
(This sense app. began with quot. 1791, in which it was
perhaps an attrib. or adj. use of 1.)
1791 Sir W. Cuampers Civil Archit. (ed. 3) 80 Setting ..
aside the pycnostyle and _systyle dispositions,..the diastyle
intercolumniation..may be employed... in all the orders,
excepting the Doric; in which the most perfect interval is
theditriglyph. 1830‘R. Stuart’ Dict. Archit. UW. 11 Detrt-
glyph, in intercolumniations, the placing of two triglyphsover
the intercolumn, so that a triglyph being placed over each
of the two outermost columns, will form the ditriglyph. 1842
Gwitt Encycl. Archit, 717. 1850 J. H. Parker Gloss.
Terms (ed. 5) 166 Ditriglyph, an interval between two
columns, admitting two triglyphs in the entablature; used
in the Doric order.
3. attrib. or adj. = next.
1819 P. Nicnotson Dict, Archit. 1. 389 Ditriglyph, having
two triglyphs over the intercolumn. : :
So Ditrigly‘phie a., having two triglyphs in the
space over the intercolumniation.
1837 Penny Cycé. VII. 218 The centre intercolumn. .in the
Propylza at Athens, where a ditriglyphic arrangement is
employed. _
Ditrigonal (daitri-gonal), a. Cryst. [f. Di- 2
+ TriconaL.] Having six (dihedral) angles, of
which the first, third, and fifth are equal, and also
the second, fourth, and sixth, but those of the one
set not equal to those of the other, (Cf. Drmexa-
GONAL, DITETRAGONAL.)
1878 Gurney Crystallogr. 60 Some minerals, .appear to
possess a truly hexagonal and not merely a trigonal or ditri-
gonal symmetry. 1895 Story-MaskELyNE Crystallogr. v.
§ 116, 133 A form with six poles grouped round the axis,
that may be viewed as an axis of ditrigonal symmetry,
Lbid. vii. § 244. 293 The ditrigonal scalenohedron.
Hence Ditri‘gonally adv.
1895 Srory-MaskELYNE Crystallogr, vii. § 246. 296 The
summit-quoins are symmetrical ditrigonally on the axis.
Ditrochee (deitrauk7). Pros, [ad. L. ditroche-
us, a. Gr. Sitpdxaros, f. &-, Di-2 + rpoxatos TRO-
CHEE. Oftener used in the L, form.] A foot consist-
ing of two trochees ; a double trochee: = DIcHOREE.
So Ditroche‘an a., containing two trochees.
{x Puitutps (ed. Kersey), Ditrochxus, a Foot in Greek
or Latin Verse which consists of two Trochees ; as Canti-
léna.] 1855 Sat. Rev. I. 3/2 Does Absolute Wisdom take
pleasure in forced and far-fetched @fropos, or does it delight
in ditrochees? 1846 Worcester, Ditrochean, containing
two trochees. din. Rev. : :
Ditroite (ditroait). An. [f. Dztro in Tran-
sylvania +-1TE.] (See quot. 1868.)
1868 Dana Minx. 328 A rock composed of orthoclase,
elzolite, and sodalite, from Ditro in Transylvania, is the
ditroyte of Tschermak. 1879 RutLey Study Rocks x. 108
It isa component of the rock named ditroite, in which it
occurs associated with sodalite [etc.].
Ditt, obs. form of Dir sé. and v.
Dittander (ditendor), ?Ods. [Of the same
origin as Dirrany; the form dt/aundere appears
to be Anglo-F. (cf. OF. dita), but its terminal
part is unexplained.]
1, A name for Pepperwort, Lepiédinm latifolium :
=DIrrany 4.
[c 1265 Voc. Plants in Wr.-Wiilcker 556/34 Diptannum,
ditaundere.) 1578 see Dittany 4]. 1597 Gerarve Herbal
u, vii. § 2. 188 The Englishmen [call it] Dittander, Ditany,
and Pepperwoort. 1671 Satmon Syn. Med, it. xxii. 419
Piperitis, Aemidcov, Dittander, 1832 Veg. Subst. Food 195
Dittander ., The leaves..are .. hot and acrid .. whence .,
the name of ‘ poor man’s pepper’, y
DITTANY.
'
+2. Petters of Conta: =Drrrany 1. Obs. a
3607 Torsett Serpents (1658) 619 Things that. .will like-
* wise defend and keep us ee) Pes Seren, haakueen ? ago
“page Tae 2 T } i siteaect “pd Calami
P ood, D ey
x6xr Cotsr., Dictame de Candie, dittanie of Candia, the
ht Dittander. wage Peasare, Dittany, or Dittander,
‘b growing abundantly in Dicte, a Promontory of Creet.
(ditani), Forms: 4 ditoyne, 5 dy-
tan(e, diteyne, di-, dytayne, detane, 5-6 de-
tany,-ie, 6 ditanie, dittayne, ditten, 6-7 ditany,
dittani(e,(7dittamy, diptani),6-dittany. Also
8. 6-7 dictam, 7 dictamne, dictamen; y. (in
Lat. forms) 6 dictamus, dictanum, (dictamion),
6-7 dictamnus, dictamnum. [repr. OF. ditan
(12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ditain, diptam, dictam,
later diplame, dictame, -amne:—med.L. dictamus,
-um, L, dictamn-us, -um, Gr. dixrapvov, reputed
to be f. Auery, the mountain Dicte in the island of
Crete, where (among other places) the herb grew.
It is not easy to account for the English forms
in -ayne,-any. But the word suffered great per-
version in other langs, also: thus med.L. had also
diptamnus, diptamus, diptanus, ditanus, etc.: cf.
also Pr. dip/amnt# (Littré), It. dittamo.]
1. A labiate plant, Origanum Dictamnus, called
also Dictamnus Creticus or Dittany of Crete;
formerly famous for its alleged medicinal virtues.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvi. xlix. (1495) 632 Dip-
tannus..is of so grete vertue that it dryueth and putteth
out yren out of the body, therfore beestys smyte wyth
arowes ete therof. a 1400 Pistill of Susan 114 Daysye and
Ditoyne, Ysope and Aueroyne. 1§13 Dovctas xe/s xu.
vii. 74 Venus. .Caucht rewth and piete of hir sonnys diseis,
And from the wod of mont Ida in Creit, Vp hes scho pullit
dictam, the herb sweit. 1546 Lanciey Pol. Verg. De
Invent. 1. xvii. 31b, As the Harte stryken with an arrow
driueth it out with Detany. 159: Harincton Ori, Fur.
xix. xvii, An herb whose vertue was to staunch the blood,
As Dittany. 1794 Martyn Xoussean’s Bot, xxii. 310
Dittany of Crete has the small purple flowers collected in
loose nodding heads. 1870 Morris Earthly Par. 1. 1.
484 Fresh dittany beloved of wild goats.
b. fig. (From the supposed power of Cretan
dittany to expel weapons. )
1623 Sir E. Dicay Sf. in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1659) 1. 134
We shall receive from his Royal Hand that Dictamen which
must expel these Arrows that hang in the sides of the
Commonwealth. 1624 Br. Hate Serv. v. 190 The shaft
sticks still in thee ;.. None but the Sovereign Dittany of thy
Saviour’s Righteousness can drive it out. 1639 ‘I’. Brucis
tr. Camus’ Mor. Relat, 297 But this newes..was a forcible
dittany to drive this arrow out of the wound, 1860 TREeNcu
Serm, Westm,. Abb, xv. 179 Vhe arrow which drinks up his
spirit, there is no sovereign dittany which will cause it to
drop from his side. P
+2. Applied to another labiate, Marrubium Pseu-
dodictamnus, also called Bastard Dittany. Ods.
1552 Huvoet, Dittayne, called false dittayne, herb, con-
dris. 1578 Lyte Dodvens 1. \xxxviii. 267 The second
kinde which is called Pseudodictamnum, that is to say
Bastarde Dictam, is much like vnto the first..sauing that
it is not hoate. 16xr Cotcr., Dictame bastard, Bastard
Dittanie ; somewhat resembles the right one. 1671 SALMON
Syn. Med. ut. xxii, Pseudo-dictamnus.. Bastard Dittany.
3. The English name for the genus Déctamnus
(N.O. Xutacew); esp. D. Fraxinella (Bastard
Dittany), and D. albus (White Dittany).
(r55r Turner //erda/1. O iv, Dictamnus growith no where
ellis that I knowe of, sauynge only in Smeg be -Many haue
abused fraxinella for thys betel 1605 ‘Timmer Quersit.
ut. 177 Take. .of white diptani,..of goates beard,..of each
one handfull, 1611 Cotcr., Dictame blanc, tragium, fraxi-
nella; called also bastard, or false Dittanie; and oft mis-
taken..for the right Dittanie. x Martyn Roussean’s
Bot. xix. 266 White Dittany or Fraxinella. 1866
Bot., Dittany, Bastard, Dictamnus Fraxinella,
+4. Erroneously applied to Pepperwort, Lepidium
latifolium (N.O, Cruciferx) : see DITTANDER 1.
1548 Turner Names of Herbes 34 Some cal Lepidium also
Dittany. 1573 Tusser //usb. xlv. (1878) 97 Detanie, or
_— ginger, 1578 Lyte Dodoens vy. \xvi. 631 heading, Of
ittander Dittany, but rather Pepperwurt. ;
5. Applied to various plants resembling the above
in appearance or properties ; esf.in U.S. to Cunila
Mariana (N.O. Ladbiate),
gs T. Grover Virginia in Phil. Trans. X1. Here
is also an herb which some call Dittany, others Pepper-
wort ; it is not Dittany of Candia, nor English Dittander.
1693 . CLavTon Ace. a, a in Misc. Cur. (1708) IL,
352 They fetched some of the Herb which they call Dittany,
as having a great Traditionary Vertue for the Cure of
Poisons, 1712 tr. Pomet’s Hist. pre I, 26 Snake-Root
is called by some Dittany. 1854-67 C. A. Harris Dict,
Med. Terminol., Cunila Mariana, dittany; mountain
dittany ; stone-mint; a plant possessing stimulant, car-
minative, and aromatic properties.
Di (dite, diti). Sc. Zaw. Also 5 dyttay ;
ef. also Dirry f [a. OF. dité, ditté, and thus the
same word as Dirry, but prob. of later introduc-
tion in Sc., and in consequence preserving later
the Fr, pronunciation, represented by final -ay.]
The matter of charge or ground of indictment
against a n fora criminal offence; also, the
formulated indictment. 70 take up dittay, to ob-
tain ‘information and presentments of crime in
order to trial’ (Bell Dict, Law Scot.).
.¢1470 Henry Wallace 1. 274 A gret dyttay for Scottis thai
ordand than, 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot, 1, 192 Befoir the
Treas.
544
air ane dittay for to tak In euirilk sch 1571 Satir.
Poems Reform. xxviii. 182 The Justice Clerk my dittay red
perqueir. @ Montcomerte Fiyting w. Polwart 77 Thy
dittay was death: thou dare notdeny it. 1609 Skene Keg.
Maj. 6. Rutnerrorp Lett, (86a) I. 431 As many
sentences as dittay shall there
uttered, as many points
be, when the Lord shall plead with the woi 1743, 9.
Chamberlayne's St. Gt. Brit. u, wt. ¥. 412 The methed of
taking up ders by dittay. .abolished. 1753 W. Stewart
in Scots Mag, Mar. 135/2 This letter. .is brought as a point
of dittay against the pannel. 1818 Scorr rt. Mid/. xii,
Here’s the dittay against puir Effie: Whereas [etc.
Jig. 1831 Westminster Rev, X1V. 50 All that he says
under this head of dittay, consisting of a string of niaiseries
unworthy of a schoolboy.
Ditten, obs. var. of Dirrany.
Dittied : see Dirty v.
Ditto (ditto). [a. It. ditto (Florio), detto said,
spoken, aforesaid (:—L. dictus,-um}. - Used in It. -
with asb. like ‘ said’ in . (#2) detto libro * (the)
said book’ ; also, a fheet os, Fh to avoid repetition of
the name of a month, thus (Vocab. Della Crusca)
‘Sotto li-22 di dicembre mi fu significato . . che
per li 26 detto..io dovessi’ etc. (on the 22nd
December it was signified to me.. that by the
26th aforesaid (ditto) .. 1 should have, etc.).
This .was the original sense in’ which the word
was adopted in English, where it has been trans-
ferred to other uses, quite unknown to Italian.]
+1. In or of the month already named; said
month. Odés.
1625 Purcnas Pilgrims x.ix. § 4 The eight and twentieth
ditto, I went..to the Generals Tent. 1677 HeNcuMAN in
W. Hubbard Narrative (1865) I. 237 They, 27 ditto, brought
in two Squaws, a Boy and a Girl, |By d7tto is meant June,
the date jes 30 having just been mentioned.]
2. By extension: The aforesaid, the same; used,
in accounts and lists (where also abbreviated d°,
do., or expressed by two dots or commas, or a dash)
to avoid repetition of a word or phrase appearin
above ; hence in commercial, office, and colloquia!
language.
1678 Puituirs, Ditto (Italian, said) [1706 adds the afore-
said or the same] a word used much in Merchants Accompts,
and relation of Foreign news ; and signifieth the same place
[ed. 1696 the same Commodity or Place] with that im-
mediately beforementioned. 1712 Arsutunot Yohn Bull
iv. ii, To Esquire South's accompt for fost Terminums 'Yo
ditto for Non est factums. 1752 J. Loutnian Form of
Process (ed. 2) 261 To the Clerk for every Petition or
Answer o 12 0 To ditto for Letters of Intimation or Libera-
tion..o0 180. 1759 Verrat Cookery 105 (Stanf.) Parsley
roots, and leaves of ditto, 1776 G. Semrte Building in
water 67 C. ‘Thorough Foundation of Masonry..D. Low-
water mark (three Feet above ditto Foundation}. 1814 Cot.
Hawker Diary (1893) I. 116 Buonaparte’s crown. .ditto of
Charlemagne. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge lii, Came in
yesterday morning rather the worse for liquor, and was..
ditto last night. 1878 Ldoyd'’s Weekly 19 May 5/2 (Stanf.)
Mrs. Brown (who is also possessed of ditto ditto ditto).
b. 70 say ditto to: to acquiesce in or express
agreement with what has been said by (another) ;
to endorse the statements or conclusions of.
1775 in Prior Life of Burke (1825) I. 284 His brother can-
didate Mr. Cruger, a merchant..at the conclusion of one of
Mr. Burke's eloquent harangues, finding. .nothing to add..
exclaimed .. in the language of the countirig-house, ‘I say
ditto to Mr. Burke’. 18.. W. E. Norris (Dixon), His
wife’s convictions resembled those of the wise and unassum-
ing politician who was content to say ditto to Mr, Burke.
1894 Mrs. H. Warp Marcella 11. 8 Two people who are.
going to be married ought to say ditto to each other in
everything. .
3. Hence as sd. a, A duplicate or copy; an
exact resemblance ; a similar thing.
A J. Q. Avams in Fam, Lett. (1876) 209 Canteens, camp
kettles, blankets, tents, shoes, hose, arms, flints, and other
dittoes. 1818 Lapy Morcan FV. A/acarthy (819) III. i. 67
(Stanf.) Judge Aubrey, just the ditto of herself. 1880 Mrs,
Parr Adam & Eve xii. 173 Aunt and uncle and my mother
..think his ditto was never.made. 1 I LIPHANT
Haifa (1887) 236 The upper fragment. .the ditto of which
is to be found at Irbid, :
b. Cloth of the same material ; chiefly plural,
in suzt of dittos: a suit of clothes of the same
material and colour throughout,
1755 Comnctoerer 070 IIL. No. 77 %3 A snuff-coloured
suit of ditto with bolus buttons. 2787 Microcosm (1793)
II. No. 29 P 16 To. .rescue a suit of Dittos from revilings.
1817 Betor Sexagenarian (1818) 52 His suit of clothes was
pecs. of what the young men that day called Ditto.
Soutney Doctor II, lvi. 191 A sober suit of brown or
snuff-coloured dittos such as beseemed his profession, 1883
Payn Thicker than Water ix, He was never seen in dittos
even in September. é "ged
ce. A succession of the same thing ; a repetition.
1887 CLeLanp True to a Type. 112 Picnics .. form an
ever-recurring ditto,
4. attrib. and Comb., as ditto-suit; ditto-say-
ing adj.
1892 Pall Mall G. 5 May 7/1 Knots.. that cannot be
untied by loud banality or ditto-saying G! ianism.
ladstonian’
1893 Daily News 5 Apr. 7/1 No change is recorded in ditto
suits.
“| For Drrry sb. 3. baeapee ee
ay T. Goopwin Object. Fustif. Faith 1. ix. Wks. 1
IV. «os declared Ditto: ‘rhie a
Hence Di-tto v., to produce a ‘ditto’ or dupli-
cate of; to match. Di'ttoism, Di'ttoship, exact
| repetition or reproduction ; sameness,
: DITTY. |
Hatisurton Clockm, (1862) 162 Where will
Pinney) It whips Ragihh wont zie
eas om. ors
set herself wy a pract! ittoship with men.
A.A. Perc 10 Gomgh A Fudge vii. 42 ee
tedium of court-| ttoism. 1890 Army and Ni
Gaz. ‘ Dittoing’ the ships of other lbid.,
Whas'te the! Dopo Lome to'be *dittoed with? tid
Di [f. Gr. d:rré-s twofold, double
+ ypappa: see -GRAM.] A letter or series of letters
unintentionally repeated by a scribe in copying;
= Dirrocrapu,
1881 Atheneum 16 July 77/2 The mora of ‘moram’ may
be a dittogram from -m orationis.
Dittography (ditp:grifi). [f. as ie ~
-GRAPHY ; cf. Gr. &rroypapovpevoy a double read-
ing.) In Palwography and Textual Criticism:
Double writing ; the unintentional repetition of a
letter or word, or series of letters or words, by a
copyist. So Ditttograph, a letter or series of
letters thus repeated; Dittogra*phic a., of the
nature of a dittograph.
T. H. Key Language 407 note, The letters in italics
stand, probably, for proberdem, i.e. a rg ng for probe
and pridem, 1 . Sweet A. S. Rdr. Notes (1879) 202
The ge may be merely a scribal error—a repetition (ditto-
raphy) of the preceding ge. 1882 Athenvum 7 Oct. 456/3
They committed errors through confusing sounds. .t h
dittography and repetition of letters. 1885 /did. 11 July
46/2 If the > of *2 02 is considered as dittographic of the
2 of the word 3nY) which precedes. 1889 Sat. Rev. 26
Jan. 108/1 Mistakes that arose from the haplography, ditto-
graphy, homoroteleuton, and all the other malfeasances of
the much-abused Scribes. 1893 J. Coox Witson in Classical
Rev. Feb. 34/1 Ovdeis before gyno. may be a dittograph of
ovs’ « after ¢nou.
Ditto. (ditglédzi). [ad. Gr. derro-, kao-
Aoyia repetition of words, f. d:rroAdyos, f. dirrés,
d:aads double: see -(0)LoGy.] A twofold or double
reading or interpretation.
1678 Putts, Dittolegy (Gr.) Double reading, such as
divers Texts of Scripture wall admit of. f Boston
Mem, xu. 474 Thinking on the sacred maane Suber I had
fallen into a notion of its being a dittology standing for
Jehovah Elohim. 1839 F. Har Vdsavadatta Pref. rx
‘There is scarcely a doubt of. .the ption that
designs a dittology.
Ditton. Obs, Also 6 Sc. dytone, 7 diton.
i F, dicton (in 16th c. pronounced dton, acc. to
alsgrave p. 23, and Beza), a word or phrase become
proverbial :—L, dictum a saying, see Dictum.] A
phrase, an expression ; esp. one of the nature of a
motto or proverb,
1572 Satir. Poems Reform. xxx. ad fin., Finis with the
Dytone Quod Sempill. ~ 1606 Birnte Airk-Buriall (1833)
17 Inscryving their tombes with a trigram of D. M. S.a diton
-~ te manibus —— + Cones Pilgr.
erm, ie win, blooming
tree This Diton indorsed shall wel ——- wae
RQU -
dtaraal Mamoiel vespe dete same lkaen, ected
Ditty (diti), sd. Forms: 4 dittee, 4-5 dite,
ditee, dyte, dytee, (5 dete, dety, dytte), 6-7
ditie, dittie, (6 detie, diti, ditte, dytie, dytty),
6- ditty. 8. 5 dictee, dyctee, 6 dictie, dyctye.
[ME. dite, ditee, a. OF. dité, ditté, orig. ditié, in
17th c. dictié, composition, treatise :—L. dictit-um
thing dictated, lesson, exercise, neut. pa. pple. of
dictare to Dicratr.]
+1. A composition; a treatise: =Drre sé. 1.
z Higden (Rolls) I11. Ditee of T:
whiche he [Aristotle] tame pt Nebr [Higd. ties
di quod dedit Al dro.) ¢x1400 Rom. Rose 5289 Of
this unyte spak Tulius in a ditee (Cicero De Amicitia).
2. A composition intended to be set to music and
sung; a song, lay; now, a short simple song ; often
an of the songs of birds, or applied deprecia-
tively, .
arzzoo Sat, P: Kildare ix. in E. E. P. (1862) 154
Sn Wren Wy ‘od, Teena Men pee thie dises
1 your Exod, xv. 1 tl
wie Lord. — Prov, xxv. 20 That singeth dites with
peruerted herte. c 1485 Disly Myst. w.795 Sum dolorose
dit PuTrennam . Poesie 1, xxx. (Arb.) 72
Si The seta cbt Sentaas te tanciek Bice aaa
we..do imitate and vse vnder these common names; enter+
lude, song, ballade, carroll and Leng 3599 Suaxs. Pass,
Pilgr. 199 The lark, .doth welcome aylig t with her 'e
1625 Gonsalvio's Inguis. 194 Filthie and slanderous
sung by boyes in his boy ore 1667 Mitton P, L. xt. 584
To the Harp they sung amorous Ditties. 1712 HenLey
Spect. a pene Penning a Catch = instead of
inditing and Sonnets. @1800 Cowrer Poplar Field
SLU
1885 R. Bucnanan
ditty she went round with a
ition in verse ; a poem,
1387 TRrEvisA Winton (Rolls) IV. 309 A Greek .. usede
to make noble ditees in
many one.
Purrennam Z£ng. Poesie ui. xix. (Arb.) 225 Our. poet
in his short chins ». wil... conleeaaee with
a verse or two, spoken in such sort, as [etc.]. 1614 Br, Hatt
wer ry.
+3. The words of a song, as distinguished from
the music or tune; also, the leading theme or
phrase ; hence, Subject, matter, theme, ‘burden
1552 Hutoet, Dittye synger, or he that beareth y° fote of
the song, Arasentor. 1561 Br, Parkuursr /ujunctions,
That the songe in the Churche be..so deuised and vsed
that the ditte may plainly be vnderstand. 1580 Sipnry /’s.
xut. v, Still, therefore, of thy graces shall be my Songs
ditty. 1600 Suaks. A. Y. L. v. iii. 36 There vvas no great
matter in the dittie, yet y° note was very vntunable. 1641
i. Jackson True we T. m. 175 The Dity of that
mne, or Caroll, [was] Peace on earth. 1654 WuxITLOck
‘ootomia 485 Hymnes and Spirituall Songs, where Humane
Invention cometh in for Ditty and Notes. 1672 Sir ‘I.
Browne Lett. to Friend § 25 To be dissolved and be with
Christ was his dying ditty. —
+4. That which is said; speech. Ods. rare.
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 275/2 Whan he spack for his
frende he attempred soo the maner of his dytee that he was
not ouer hastyng hym self. K
+5. =Dirray. (Anglicized spelling of the Sc.
law term.) Oés.
1634 Rutuerrorp Le/?, (1862) I. 134 If you can leari
a ditty against C., try, and cause try, that ye may see the
Lord’s righteous judgement upon the devil’s instruments.
1649 Br. Corniex Mem. (1702) 47 The Scottish Bishops. .did
accuse the Earl of Traquair..and gave in great Ditties
against him. 1657 Hutcueson Exfos. Fohn iii. 17 Albeit
Christ may be eventually for the falling of many, and his
coming will afford sad matter of ditty against them.
“tty, v. Obs. [f. prec. sb.: cf. OF. ditier to
write, compose, Dirr.] a. z¢r. To sing a ditty ;
trans. to sing as a ditty; also, to celebrate in
song. b. To fit or adapt words to (music) : cf. prec.
2. Hence Di‘ttied /f/. a., Di'ttying vd/. sd.
1597 Mortey /xtrod. Mus. 172 You must have an especiall
care of causing your parts [of a ditty] giue place one to
another..nor can you cause them rest till they haue ex-
pressed that part of the dittying which they haue begun.
Ibid. 178 One of the greatest absurdities which I haue
seene committed in the dittying of musicke. 1602 Marston
Antonio's Rev. u.ii, Such Songs. .I often dittied till my boy
did sleepe. 1633 G. Hersert 7'emple, Providence iii, Beasts
fain would sing; birds dittie to their notes. 1633 P.
Frercuer Purple Isl. 1. viii, Which bears the under-song
unto your chearfull dittying. 1633 -— Poet, Misc. 65 My
Fusca’s eyes, my Fusca’s beauty dittying. 1634 Mitton
Comus 86 With his soft Pipe, and smooth-dittied song. 1768
S. BentLey River Dove 8 Heard is the love-ditty’d Strain,
1797 ‘I’. Park Sonnets 97 Many a little dittied tale.
Bitty-bag. [Origin obscure: according to
Smyth Saz/or’s Word-bk. it ‘derives its name from
the dittis or Manchester stuff of which it was once
made’; but no evidence of this is given, nor is any-
thing known of the stuff alleged.] A bag used by
sailors to contain their smaller necessaries.
c¢1860 H, Stuart Seaman's Catech, 81, 1 ditty bag, to
contain two dozen of clothes stops, needles, thread, scissors,
tape, thimbles, and buttons. 1885 RuNcIMAN Skippers &
sh. 159 He had a lumpy canvas bag~—a dittey-bag they
call it—on his shoulders. 2
So Di'tty-box, a box serving the same purpose,
used by fishermen.
1883 Pall Mall G.2 June Suppl., A ‘ditty-box’ is an
American fisherman’s receptacle for all sorts of odds and
ends together -with implements of every-day use, 1883
Fisheries Exhib. Catal, 198 Fishermen's tools, ‘ ditty-boxes,’
«.coopering tools, [etc.]. ;
|| Diuca (dz,z#*ka, doi,'%#ka). Ornith. [Native
name in Chili.] A Chilian finch, Déuca grisea.
1893 W. H. Hupson /dle Days Patagonia i.15 Vhe diucas
_were sure prophets.
Diureide (doij'tierzjaid). Chem. [f. Di-2 +
Urerpe.] A compound of two urea-residues with
an acid radical.
31877 Warts Fownes’ Chem, 11. 400 The 4- and 5-carbon
diureides (including uric acid itself) are formed by the union
of one molecule of a bibasic acid and 2 molecules of urea,
with elimination of 4 molecules of water, and accordingly
contain one diatomic acid residue and two urea-residues,
CO-2(NH). |
|| Diuresis (doi,'ur7 sis). Med. [mod.L. diré-
sis, a. Gr. *covpnass, f, da through + otpyots urina-
tion, Uresis. Cf. F. diurése.] Excretion or eva-
cuation of urine, especially when excessive.
1681 tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks, Vocab., Diuresis, evacua-
tion by urin, 1710 ‘I, Futter Pharm, Extemp. 81 It (the
decoction] turns off Feculencies by. .Diuresig, 1879 Kuory ~
Princ. Med. 31 Diuresis may be due to an abpormal condi-
tion of the passages, to nervous infl
Diuretic (daijiuretik), a. and sb. Med. Also
5 duretick, -ik, duritik, 6 diuretike, dyury-
tyke, (7 diuretique), 7-8 diuretick(e. [ad. L.
ditirétic-us, a. Gr. ioupntinéds promoting urine, f.
doupety to urinate: see prec. Cf. F. diurétique
(14th ¢. in Hatz.-Darm.).
A. adj. Having the quality of exciting (exces-
sive) excretion or discharge of urine.
¢ 1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 276 A decoccioun of herbis pat
ben mollificatif & duretik. 1541 R. Coptanp Gadyen's
Terap. 2 Hijb, It must be myxed..with some dyurytyke
medycamentes, Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. uv. 84
Inwardly received it may be very diuretick, and expulse
the stone in the kidnyes. 1732 ArsuTHnor Rules “@
Diet, All salts whatsoever are diuretick. 1885 AZanch.
Exam. 4 May 5/2 The salts of potash which it contains
are diuretic. :
+b. Of persons : Urinating excessively. Ods.
bined Life Sir B, Sapskull U1. 97. 1812 Morn. Chron.
11 Apr. — :
Vor. IIT.
|
|
545
B. sé. A substance having the property of pro-
moting excretion or evacuation of urine.
c1400 Lanfran’s Cirurg. 279 Pou schalt make him a
clisterie of duritikis. 1658 RowLanp Mou/fet’s Theat. Ins.
g12 Galen placeth it amongst Diureticks. 1704 Swirr 7.
Tub Wks. 1760 I, 109 Laughter .. the most innocent of all
diureticks. 1732 ArsutHnot Aves of Diet 256 Stimulatory
Diureticks. 1875 H. C. Woop Therap. (1879) 477+
+ Diuretical, a. (s3.) Ols. Med. [f. as prec.
+-AL.] =prec. A. adj.
r6or Hotianp Pliny Il. 444 The egs or spawn that the
Cuttill fish doth cast be diureticall, and prouoke vrine. 1646
Sir T. Browne Pseud, Ep. u. v. 92 ‘Vhat Bezoar is Anti-
dotall, Lapis Judaicus diureticall..we will not deny. 1685
Phil. Trans. XV. 983 Scaliger’s Story of the sound of the
bagpipe being too diuretical upon a Knight of Gascony.
. Sb,
1658 A. Fox tr. Wurtz’ Surg. 1. vii. 236 To this purpose
are..used.,all manner of diureticals,
Hence + Diure‘tically adv., in a diuretic way,
by diuresis ; + Diure‘ticalness, diuretic property.
1644 Hammonp Loyal Convert 13 Physicians evacuate the
Body..sometimes by Phlebotomie..sometimes diuretically.
1662 H, Stusse /xd. Nectar iii. 65 Its de-obstructing
faculty, and its diureticalness. 1751 SmMo.tert Per. Pic.
Ixv, Peregrine’s nerves were diuretically affected.
Diuretin (daiurztin). Chem. [f. as prec. +
-1n.] A crystalline compound derived from coal-
tar, used as a diuretic.
1890 Lance? 11 Oct. 783/2 Diuretin has produced well-
marked diuresis in many eases of dropsy.
+Biwrn e,a. Olds. Also 4-5 dyurne, diourne.
[ad. L. déurn-us of or belonging to a day, daily, f.
diésaday. Cf. F. dturne.] = DIURNAL a.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Merch. 7. 551 Parfourmed hath the sonne
his Ark diurne. 1500-20 ? Dunsar /’ oes (1893) 329 Phebus,
the radius lamp divrn. 1603 Sir C. Hevpon Jud. Astrol.
xxi. 432 ‘he Moone by her diurne rapt motion from Hast
to West commeth to the nine a clocke point in the morning.
Diurnal (dai,-mal), @. and sd. [ad. L. déurna/-
zs daily, f. déé@s day. Cf. F. diurnal (admitted by
the Academy 1694), It. gzorna/e (Vlorio 1598 :
now only sb.) and see JOURNAL.]
1. Performed in or occupying one day; daily.
Chiefly of the motion of the heavenly bodies.
c 1430 Lypc. Compl. Bl. Kuni. (R.) Bicause that it drew
to the night And that the sonne his arke diurnall Ypassed
was. 1559 W. Cunnincuam Cosmogr. Glasse 54 Phebus ..
was entred his chariot, minding to finishe his diurnall
Arcke. 1697 Drypen Virg. Georg. Ded. (1721) 179 The
Diurnal Motion of the Sun. 1725 Pore Odyss. 1v. 804 The
joyous sun His twelfth diurnal race begins to run. 1890
C.A. Younc Elem. Astron. § 363 No spots are visible from
which to determine the planet's [Uranus’s] diurnal rotation.
2. Of or belonging to each day ; performed, hap-
pening, or recurring every day; daily. Of perio-
dicals: Published or issued every day. arch.
1594 BLunpevit Exerc. 1. xxviii. (ed. 7) 77 The diurnall
excesse of the Moones Motion from the Sun. 1638 Wotton
Let. to Milton 10 Apr. in Relig. Wotton., Genoa, whence
the passage into Tuscany is as diurnal as a Gravesend
Barge. 1711 Appison Sect. No. 101 P 7 The Spectator
published those little Diurnal Essays atte are still extant.
1815 W. H. Iretanp Scribbleomania 234 The subject
having been so recently before the public in all the diurnal
prints. 18z8 Scott //rt. Midd. ix, Vhe Laird’s diurnal
visits. 1848 Lowe.t Fadle for Critics Poet. Wks. 1890 III.
33. They're all from one source, monthly, weekly, diurnal.
3. Of or belonging to the day as distinguished
from thenight; day-: opp. to xocturnal. In Zool.,
spec. of animals active only during the day.
1623 CockEraM, Diurnall, of or belonging to the day.
1649 Jer. Taytor Gt, Exenp. 11. vii.[viii]. § 4 The houses
of prayer which the Jewes had .. for their diurnall and
nocturnal offices. c17§0 (¢’t/e) Complete Modern London
Spy, or a Real, New and Universal Disclosure of the Secret,
octurnal and Diurnal Transactions in London and West-
minster. 1874 Woop Nat, Hst. 287 ‘This .. bird is .. very
late in returning to rest, later indeed than any of the diurnal
birds. 1875 Bennett & Dyer tr. Sachs’ Bot. 784 The
expanded position [of leaves or petals] is called that of
growth or the diurnal position, the opposite one that of
sleep or the nocturnal position.
+4. Of or pertaining to the (particular) day (of
the week). Ods. rare.
1659 Pearson Creed (1839) 375 The obligation of the day
which was then the sabbath, died and was buried with him,
but in a manner by a diurnal transmutation revived again
at his resurrection.
5. Lasting for a day only; ephemeral. rare.
1866 7reas. Bot., Diurnal, enduring but for a day, as the
flower of Tigridia.
» SO.
1. Eccl. A service-book containing the day-hours,
except matins (this being a night office) ; + hence,
a book for devotional exercises ; a book of devo-
tion (ods.).
[rg12 (¢#¢Ze) Diurnale ad usum Sarum. 1849 Act 3 & 4
Edw, V1, c. 10 § 1 All Books called. .Cowchers, Journales,
Ordinales. .shall be. .abolished.] ? @ 1ggo (¢7¢/e) A Dyurnall
for Deuoute Soules, to ordre themselfe therafter. 1686
(titZe) The Christian Diurnal of Father Nicholas S. J.
Revised and much aug d andt lated into English
by S[ir] T. H{awkins}. 1846 W. Maskett Mon. Rit. Eccd.
Ang: 1. p. cxxx. (On Service books).
2. A book for daily use, a day-book, diary; esp,
a record of daily occurrences, a journal. arch.
1600 Hakzuyr_Voy. (1810) III. 301 The diurnall of our
course, sayling thither and returning. 1660 F. Brooke tr.
Le Blanc's Trav. 320, 1 ever carried with me a little
DIV.
memorial or diurnall, where I set down all the curiosities
I met with. 1824 Scorr Nedgauntlet Let. x, Let me pro-
ceed in my diurnal,
8. A newspaper published daily; also Jvosely,
any newspaper published at short periodical in-
tervals; a journal. Ods. exc. //7st.
1640 St. Trials, Abp, Laud (R.), 1 found myself aggrieved
at the Diurnal, and another pamphlet of the week, wherein
they print whatsoever is charged against me, as if it were
fully proved. 1646 Mra. Wore. in Dircks Lif ix. (1865)
147, I .. perused all the diurnals for more than a quarter of
a year. 1710 STEELE Jatler No. 204 P 4 We Writers of
Diurnals are nearer in our Styles to that of common ‘lalk
than any other Writers. [The Zat/ex was published three
times a week.] 1823 Scorr Pever// xxvii, It was in every
coffee-house, and in half the diurnals.
attrib, 1644 Mercimius Brit, 4-11 Jan., A Diurnall maker,
a paper-intelligencer. 1654 CLEVELAND (¢7tle) A Character
of a Diurnal-Maker.
4. A diurnal bird, butterfly, or moth.
In recent Dicts.
llence Diurnalness, diurnal quality.
1727 Baiey vol. 11, Dinenaluess, the happening daily.
Diuw‘rnalist. Os. or arch. [f. prec. sb. + -187.]
A writer of a diurnal ; a journalist.
1649 Br. Hatt. Cases Consc. ww. ix. (1650) 368 By the rela-
ction of our Diurnalists. 1674 Hickman Quinguart. Hist.
(ed. 2) 116 The Diurnalists and Intelligencers. 1837 CARLYLE
Fr, Rev. 11. vi. v. (1872) 238 ‘The Day-historians, Diurnal-
ists or Journalists as they call themselves,
+ Diwrnaller. 02s. [f.asprec. +-En!.] = prec.
1661 R. Bait Lett, & Frnds. (1841) IIL. 468 ‘om Sin-
cerfe the diurnaller, a profane atheisticall papist.
Diurnally, adv. [f. Divnxan a. + -1y 2.]
In a diurnal way; every day; day by day; daily.
1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer’s Bk. Physicke 22/1 Administer
heerof to the Patient, a spoonefull, which dinrnallye he
may vse. 1664 H. More A/yst. /uig., ipol. 483 The Earth
is moved annually and diurnally about the Sun. 1709 STre.e
Vatler No. 56 ® 2 As we make these Enquiries, we shall
diurnally communicate them to the Publick. 1758 J. S. tr.
Le Dran's Observ. Surg. (1771) 323 Fits of an irregular
Fever, which returned diurnally. 1869 R. A. Proctor in
Eng. Mech. 31 Dec. 372/2 Vhe idea that the stars revolve
diurnally round the polar axis.
+Diwrnary. Ods. [ad. L. déarndri-us diary-
keeper, journalist, f. drnus daily, DIURN.]
1727-51 CHambers Cycl., Diurnary, an officer in the
Greek empire, who wrote down, in a book for that purpose
whatever the prince did, ordered, regulated, &c., every day.
Diurna'tion. [f L. d@urn-us daily, Divurn
+ -ATION; after Azbernation.] ‘The habit of some
animals, of sleeping or remaining quiescent during
the day, as contrasted with their activity at night.
1836-9 Marsuact Hatt //ibernation in Vodd Cycl. Anat.
II. 767 The bat, which is a crepuscular or nocturnal feeder,
regularly passes from its state of activity to one which may
be designated diurnation, 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex.
+ Diutwrn, @z. Ols. [ad. L. diittern-us of long
duration, lasting, f. d77, dz7t- long, for a long time.
Cf. also obs. F. dzvéurne, It., Sp. ddulurno.] = next.
1s4t R. Copranp Galyen'’s Terap. 2 Eiv b, Vhese viceres
here all are called Cacoethe, inueterate, and diuturnes.
1644 Dicsy Nat. Bodies 11, (1645) 136 Diseases and poysons
by diuturne use, doe..temper to themselves those bodies,
which are habituated to them.
Diuturnal (doi,'zd-mal),a. Nowvare. [ad.
L. type *d¢iturnal-ts (cf. diiturndliter in Du
Cange), f. d¢éiturn-us:; see prec. and -aL.] Of
long duration, lasting.
1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 109/1 Diuturnalle
coughinge is almost accountede incurable. 1694 tr. A/Z/ton's
Lett. State Dec. an. 1657 Those things, by which the Peace
between us may be preserv’d entire and diuturnal. 1830
Fraser's Mag. 1. 344 Lift up, O Hell! thy diuturnal gate,
But not eternal,
Diuturnity. Now rare. [ad. L. ditturni-
zat-em long duration, f. atiiturn-us Divtury.]
Long duration or continuance ;_ lastingness.
1432-80 tr. Hzgden (Rolls) I. 183 Dredenge to lose multi-
licacion off childer by diuturnite of batelle. x58 J.
ALKER in Confer. 1v. (1584) Ddb, It is greater..in diu-
turnitie, because it neuer dieth, nor hath any ende. 1684
tr. Bonet’s Merc. Confit. 1x. 339 Being tired by the diu-
turnity and violence of the pain. 1726 AyLiFFE Parergon
123 A Fourth. . Proof arises from Length and Diuturnity of
Time. 1829 Lams Let. to W. Wilson 15 Nov. (1837) II.
247 I promise myself, if not immortality, yet diuturnity of
being read.
|| Div (dzv). Also dive, deev, dev, dew. [Pers.
9s div, diw, formerly dév:—Zend daéva, = Skr.
deva god: see Deva.] An evil spirit or demon of
Persian mythology; a devil; an evil genius.
‘The Indo-Iranian language had two words expressive of
divinity: asa and déva. In the separate development
of the languages, déva became in Sanskrit the general
name for gods, while the Asuras became the enemies of the
gods. In the Zend-Avesta, on the other hand, AAwra, i. e.
Asura (originally ‘ Lord’ in Indo-Iranian) came to mean
the supreme God Ahura Mazda, while daéva (Persian
dév or div) became the general name of an evil spirit,
a fiend, demon, or devil, for which there had originally been
no generic name.
1777 J. Ricnarpson Dissert. East. Nations 142 The
Dives are pictured as hideous-in form and malignant in
mind. 1843 J. Witson Pdrsi Relig. 150 Ahriman, this
chief of death, this chief of the Dews. 1855 SmrpLEy
Occult Sciences 50 The div of ancient Persia .. is supposed
to be the same as the European devil of the middle ages.
1878 Hau Relig. of Parsis ted. 2)268. 1883 E. O’Donovan
Story of Merv xviii, Ghouls and divs, and various. other
69
DIVA.
kinds of evil spirits. Max Miter Theosophy vi. 181.
1895 J. Darmesteter Zend-A vesta (ed. 2) Introd. 51 Daéva
is generally understood as a ‘demon’, and that is the mean-
ing it has in the derived dév and in most of the Zend texts
generally. .but it must also have applied to false gods,
Div, Sc. and north. dial. f. Do z., in pres. indic.
|| Diva (diva). [It. diva goddess, lady-love,
‘fine lady’ :—L. diva goddess, female divinity, fem.
of divus divine, god, deity.) A distinguished
female singer, a prima donna. :
1883 Brack in Harfer’s Mag. Feb. 465/2 The latest diva
of the drama, 1894 7ad/et 7 Apr. 531 Operatic singers of
the other sex are to be engaged, but no diva.
Divagate (dai-vage't), v. [f. L. divagar-, ppl.
stem of divagar7 to wander about, f. Di-1, Dis- 1
+ vagiri to wander.) zutr. To wander about; to
stray from one place or subject to another.
1599 A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 203/1 [A _pre-
scription] agaynste divagatinge payne. 1852 /aser's Mag.
XLV. 171 Sir James had divagated into the question of
Eternal Punishment. 1 Stevenson Across the Plains
vi. 200 So does a child’s balloon divagate upon the currents
of the air.
Divagation (deivigé-fon). [n. of action f. L.
divagari: see prec. and -tT1I0N: cf. F. dévagation
(16-17th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).] The action of diva-
gating; a wandering or straying away or about:
deviation ; digression.
1560 Bk. Discipl. Ch. Scot. ix. (1621) 59 This skipping
and divagation from place to place of Scripture.
H. More A/yst. J7g. 1.1. xi. 272 That the phancy may make
no divagation. 1855 ss. /utuit. Mor. 149 ‘The illogical
divagations of their adherents. 1881 Sat. Rev. 1 Jan. 13
Her divagations from the proper purpose of her life will be
forgotten. 1883 STEVENSON Si/verado Sy. ii. 73 With that
vile lad to head them off on idle divagations.
+ Divarge, v. Obs. rare—°. = DIVAGATE.
1623 Cockeram, Diuage, to wander from place to place.
Diva‘guely, adv. nonce-wid. [f. vaguely, under
the influence of divagate.} In a wandering or
aimless manner.
1857 Reape Course True Love iii. 67 They drifted di-
vaguely over the great pacific ocean of feminine logic.
+ Di-val, a. Obs. rare—°. [ad. L. dival-7s divine,
f. divus deity.]
1656 Biount G/., Dival, divine, belonging to the Gods.
Divalent (doai-valént, di-v-), @ Chem. [f. Di-?
twice + L. valént-em, pr. pple. of valére to be
worth.] Combining with two atoms of hydrogen
or other univalent element or radical ; having two
combining equivalents ; also divalent.
A diatomic element, e.g. OxyGEN, is divalent; so is the
highly complex molecule CsH19=(CH3)2-C(CH2)2, which
has two combining powers unsaturated.
1869 Roscoe Elem. Chem. 183 Calcium, Strontium, Barium.
The metals of this class are divalent. 1870 F. Hurter in
Eng. Mech. 11 Feb. 524/2 Oxygen is called divalent, or
bivalent, because it can hold two atoms of a monogenous
element. 1881 Academy 15 Jan. 47/1 In like manner the
term ‘divalent’ may be given to such atoms as are equal in
combining power to two atoms of hydrogen.
van (dive'n). Also 6 douan, 7 dyvan, di-
vano, 7-8 duan‘a, 7-9diwan, 9dewan, deewan.
[A word originally Persian, wipe devin, now
diwan, in Arabic pronounced diwan, diwan ; in
‘Turkish dvdn, whence in many European langs.,
It. divano, Sp., Pg., F. divan. Originally, in early
use, a brochure, or fascicle of written leaves or
sheets, hence a collection of poems, also a muster-
roll or register (of soldiers, persons, accounts, taxes,
etc.) ; a military pay-book, an account-book; an
office of accounts, a custom-house; a tribunal of
revenue or of justice ; a coyrt; a council of state,
senate; a council-chamber, a (cushioned) bench.
The East Indian form and use of the word is given
under Dewan. Another European form, older
than divan, and app. directly from Arabic, is It.
dovana, doana, now dogana, ¥. douane (in 15th c.
douwaine), custom-house: see DouaNe.]
1. An Oriental council of state ; sfec. in Turkey,
the privy council of the Porte, presided over by
the Sultan, or in his absence by the grand vizier.
1586 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1. 679 In Turkie the
councell is kept fower daies in a week by the bassaes where-
soever the prince sojourneth. . In this councell called diuan..
audience is open to euery one, 1 Hakcouyr Voy. II. i.
305 Requesting the ambassador within an houre after to goe
to the Douan of the Vizir. 1603 Knottes Hist. Turks
(1638) 252 Mahomet being dead, the three great Bassa’s
- called a Divano or counsel for the wars, as if the King had
bin aliue. 1625 Purcuas Pilgrims 1x. xii. § 6 He comes no
more at the Duana, except hee bee called. 1687 Lond. Gas.
No. 2230/1 Proposals have been made for these two Months
last past in the Divan, 1753 Hanway 7'rav. (1762) II. 1x.
ii, 216 The divan declared for the continuation of the
181 ee a Abydos a In i Spon the despot
. 1843 Penny Cycl. XXV. 366/2 Upon its conquest
by the Terk, Tunis was governed by a Turkish basha
and a divan, or council of military men. 1850 W. Irvine
Mahomet ii. Wii. 487 The Moslem Caliph at Damascus
had now his divan, in imitation of the Persian monarch.
b. ¢ransf. A council in general.
1619 Purcitas Microcosm. \xxviii. 770 This (what Diuano
would haue dohe it?) is too weightie. 1667 Mitton /. L.
x. 457 The great consulting Peers, Rais’d from their dark
Divan. 172§ Pore Odyss. 1v. 903 The consult of the dire
546
Divan. 1763 H. Watrote Le?f. (1857) IV. 130 (Stanf.) Of
the British Senate, of, that august divan whose wisdom in-
fluences, [etc.]. 1818 Scorr Rod Roy xii, To meet the family
--in full divan. a 1849 J.C. Mancan Poems (1859) 324 The
changeless decree of Heaven’s Deewan, =
2. ‘The hall where the Turkish divan is held; a
court of justice ; a council-chamber.
1597 R. Wrac in Hakluyt Voy. (1598) II. 1. 305 Certaine
Chauses conducted him to the Douan, which is the seat of
Justice. 1634 Sir T. Hersert 77av. 157 The rigour of the
Caddies or Causae in the Divanoes, or Judgement Hals.
1662 J. Davies tr. Mandelslo’s Trav. 46 Under this Gate is
the Diwan, or the place of publick Judicature. 1717 Lavy
M. W. Monrtacu Poems, Chiosk of Brit. Palace, Pera,’Vill
at the dread Divan the slow procession ends. c 1850 Arad.
Nets. (Rtldg.) 548 The officers of state went into the divan, or
hall of audience, where the sultan always assisted in person.
3. A long seat consisting of a continued step,
bench, or raised part of the floor, against the wall
of a room, which may be furnished with cushions,
so as to form a kind of sofa or couch.
1702 W. J. Bruyn's Voy. Levant ix. 32 Their greatest
Magnificence consists in their Divans or Sofas. 1703 Maun-
DRELL Yourn. Ferus. (1732) 29 These Duans..are a sort of
low stages..elevated about sixteen or eighteen inches or
more above the floor, whereon the Turks eat, sleep, smoke,
receive visits, say their prayers, etc. 1764 Harmer Odserv’.
XIX. vi. 265 The Hebrew word mittah, which is here trans-
lated ‘bed’ may be understood of a divan. 1813 Edin.
Rev. XXI. 133 The divan is that part of the chamber which
is raised by a step above the rest of the floor, and which, is
commonly surmounted by a couch..placed along the wall.
1863 Mary Howitt /. Bremer’s Greece 11. xiv. 103 The
Aga conducted me to the divan where he himself sat.
4. A room having one side entirely open towards
a court, garden, river, or other prospect.
1678 J. Puiciips tr. Zavernicr’s Voy. (1684) II. 49 The
Palace at Agra. On the side that looks towards the River:
there is a Divan, or a kind of out-jutting Balcone, where
the King sits to see his Brigantines. 1759 Lond. Mag.
XXVIII. 605 In Surat.. They [the Moors] have generally
a kind of saloon which they call a d/zvan, entirely open on
one side to the garden. 1841 Evrninstone ///st. /ud. 1. 307
The great rooms of state are upstairs. .open at one side like
Mahometan divans.
5. A name sometimes given to a smoking-room
furnished with lounges, in connexion with a cigar-
shop or bar, as cigay-dzvan ; hence, a fancy name
for a cigar-shop.
1848 Dickens Domiey xxii, Mr. Toots had furnished
a choice set of apartments: had establishal among them
a sporting bower; and adivan which made him poorly, 1855
Trottore Warden xvi, Mr. Harding had not a much cor-
recter notion of a cigar divan than he had of a London dinner-
house. 1880 Diskacit /ndyn. xx, Mr. Trenchard..said to
Endymion, ‘ We are going to the divan. Do you smoke?’
|| 6. A Persian name for a collection of poems
‘Persian, Arabic, Hindustani, Turkish); spec. a
serics of poems by one author, the rimes of which
usually run through the whole alphabet. [From
the original sense ‘collection of written sheets’,
perh. influenced by later uses of the word.]
1823 tr. Sismondi's Lit. Eur. (1846) 1. ii. 61 A perfect
divan, in theireyes, was that in which the poet had regularly
pursued in his aces all the letters of the alphabet. a
J. M. Goop in Spurgeon 7reas. Dav, (1882) VI. 6 Persian
poets..distinguish their separate poems .. by the name of
gazels, and the entire set..by that of diwan. 1837 Penny
Cycl. 1X. 42/1. 187: maser Brit. V11. 292/2 The most im-
portant diwans are 4 Sy of.. Hafiz, Saadi, and Jami among
the Persians, The plan has been imitated by Goethe in his
‘West-dstlicher Divan’. 1886 Athenwum 18 Dec. 820/1
Complete Divans of the great poetical triumvirate, Solomon
ibn Gabirol, Moses ibn Ezra, and Jehuda Halevi.
7. Comb., as divan-day, -hall.
J. Puiurs tr. Zavernier's Grd. Seignior's Serag.
(1684) 24 (Stanf.) The Divan-days er is to say, upon
Council-days). /bid. 27 The Divan-Hall.
Hence Diva‘ned a., furnished withdivans (sense 3).
1847 Disrartt Zancred v. ii, Some strolled into the
divaned chambers. 1852 G. W. Curtis Wanderer in Syria
300 Alcoves..divanned with luxurious stuffs.
Divanship: see Dewan.
+Divapora‘tion. és. [f. Dr-1, Dis- 1 +
Vaporation.] ‘The driving out of vapours by heat;
evaporation.
3612 Woopatt Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 270 Divaporation ,
is exhalation by fire of vapour, remaining in liquid sub-
stances, till all aquosity be consumed. 1706 in Pritiirs
(ed. Kersey). 1-1 in Baitey. 183 in Crass
Technol, Dict, Howe in mod, Dicts,
So Diva:poriza‘tion.
In recent Dicts. ,
Divaricate (di-, daiveerike't), v. [f. L. divar?-
cat-, ppl. stem of divaricadre to stretch asunder, f.
Dr-!, Dis- 1 + varicdre to stretch (the legs) asunder,
straddle, f. vartc-us straddling. ]
1. intr. To stretch or spread apart ; to branch off
or diverge from each other or from any middle line.
1623 Cockeram, Dinaricate, to step, to stride wide.
Hosses Six Less. Wks. 1845 VIL. 195 Two lines ma
made to divaricate..when having one end common im-
moveable, they depart one from another at the other ends
circularly, and this is called simply an angle. 1671 Grew
Anat, Plants 1. iv. (1682) bags its Parts, upon their shoot -
ing forth, divaricate from t wed eager gong 1740 Dycue
oS — grigghonoe 2 i idle iar ya ~ =
w-legged do. x x Jounson L. P. en s. IL,
387 Walle they [soguages] run ow topethor, She Closest
t lation may be i d as the best; but when they
divaricate, each must take its natural course, James
Darnley (1846) 4 At the spot where these two [roads]
DIVARICATION.
divaricated, the h pped. 1884 19¢k Cent. Feb.
333 The different races of plants and animals have come to
divaricate from each other.
‘b. Bot. and Zool. To branch off at a wide angle;
_ to diverge widely from the main stem: see DIvaRI-
CATING Pi. a.
ce. To ramify into div t branches.
1672 Newton in Phil. Trans. VII. 5097 1 ly re-
fracted and made to divaricate into a multi of other
colours. a1728 Woopwarv Nat. Hist. Fossils go The
titions are striated across. .one of them also divaricates into
two, and another into several small ones. C. Butier
Roman-Cath. Ch. 120 Here they divaricate into the Trans-
alpine and Cisalpine opinions.
. ¢vans. To stretch or open wide apart or asun-
der (as the legs, fingers, limbs of a compass, etc.).
agg Ot arvett Reh. Transp. 1. 160 The incorrigible
scold, that..streatched up her hands with her two thumb
nails in the oe a or with two fingers divari-
cated, to call the man still in that language lousy rascal and
Cuckold. /éid. u. Wks. 11. 362, 1 took my compasses, and
divaricating them for experiment, I drew the circular line.
1861 Huime tr. Moguin- Tandon u. vu. i. Fs Three small
tubercles .. capable of being alternately divaricated and
approximated. : E
3. To cause to spread or branch out in different
directions. ? Ods.
1670 Phil. Trans. V. 2061 A Congeries or Heap of in-
numerable Filaments, divaricated out of the Solider sub-
stance of the Brain. 1 Evetyn Sylva (ed. 3) viii. Pt
Putting a tile-shard under the nuts, when first set, to
Divaricate and spread the roots. 1698 Fryer Acc. E. India
& P. 386 Its Course was not broken, but divaricated into
two Streams, 1738 Warsurton Div. Legat. u, App. Wks.
1811 II. 259 Refracted and divaricated, in passing through
the medium of the human mind. oes 7
4. fig. To separate mentally, distinguish (one
thing from another). rare.
1868 E. Eowarps Raleigh I. xxviii. 714 [He] had too
much intellect..not to be able to divaricate populace from
people quite as sharply as did Ralegh.
Diva‘ricate,a. [ad. L. divaricat-us, pa. pple.
of divaricare to Divaricate.] Spreading apart at
a considerable angle ; widely divergent ; spec. ap-
plied (in Bot. and Zool.) to branches which diverge
from the stem, etc. almost at nee angles ; and (in
Entom.) to wings which spread apart at the tips
when in repose. .
1788 Jas. Lee /utrod. Bot., Explan. Terms (ed. 4) 382
Divaricati, divaricate, Branches shooting from the Trunk,
so as to form an obtuse angle. Crass Technol. Dict.,
Divaricatus ( Bot.) divaricate. . ing out wide, an epithet
for branches, a panicle, petiole, and peduncle. LinpLey
Nat. Syst. Bot.173 Cotyledons divaricate. 1856-8 W. CLark
Van der Hoeven's Zool. 1. 311 Wings divaricate, sometimes
very short.
d. Divergent in opinion or practice. rare.
1855 Baitey A/ystic 57 The universe Contentiously divari-
cate, he shews Made one in spirit with eternity,
Hence Diva‘ricately adv., in a divaricate or
wide-branched manner.
1846 Dana Zooph. Divaricately ramose. 1 Woop-
waro Mollusca 295 Se trigonal, divaricately po Ma
Diva‘ricated, //. a. [f. prec. vb. + -ED.]
Widely divergent from cach other or from a stem ;
widely or gréatly branched ; divaricate.
1665-6 PAil. Trans. 1. 301 Its Tail being. .divaricated
towards the End. Phil. Trans. L. 68 ‘The stalk..
is much divaricated ed. 1837 Howirr Aur. Life
Vi. vi. Gree) 463 Mistletoe .. the beauty of its divaricated
branches of pale-green. 1864 Huxtey in Aeader 5 Mar.
‘The great toe is widely divaricated from the others, 1875
Wuitnry Life Lang. ix. 174 The ey ts in question
are the divaricated representatives of a single tongue,
Diva‘ricating ///. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG *.]
That divaricates or branches off in different direc-
tions; spreading out, diverging.
1835 Linptey /ntrod. Bot. Nog gles 154 More gry
named divaricating hairs. 1874 Coves Birds N-W, 14 It
would seem to have two divaricating lines of mi
H. O. Forses Nat. Wand. E. Archif. v1, ii, 431 High
trees whose trunk was divided into four divaricating arms.
Hence Diva‘ricatingly adv.
1870 Hooker Stud. Flora 374 Stem dichotomously and
divaricatingly branched.
‘tion. [n. of action f. DivaricaTE
v. (or its L, original) : see -aT10N,]
1. The action of stretching apart ; the stretching
of the legs, straddling.
Futver Pisgah v. xix. 178 So that the Priests, not
striding, but pacing up thereon, were not necessitated to
any divarication of their feet. 1709-29 V. Manpry Syst.
papain — 3139. Ken ep ped of noe » le, is Pedy 4
or lesser Divarication of the Legs. ‘opp Cycl, Anat.
1. srl A Ries: ee can..cause a divarication of the
t ¥
4. The ads of separating or branching out in
different directions, spreading. out, diverpaee:
1578 Banister //ist. Man v. bterag ws! Bb ag
distribution, and divarication ought to fa
Grew Anat. Plants 1. vii. (1682) 49 [Branches] by
co-arcture and divarication where Lo Me
1837 Locxnart Scott Dec. an. 1 divari-
Rn ate Tooet De Bary's Phaner. agp, The divert
's y
pS of their branehes in the Wine leaf,
3. concr. a. The point at which branching takes
place. b. “hat which divaricates from a centre ;
a divaricating nerve or vein; a ramification.
1664 Power Ex, Philos, 1.65 They may be transmitted
DIVARICATOR.
to the Brain, and its divarications. 1691 Ray Creation
(2714) 55 Dogs..running before their Masters will stop at
a Divarication of the way. 1794 J. E. Smiru Eng. Bot.
IIT. 205 Flowers mostly at the divarications of the branches. #
4. transf. Divergence of opinion; disagreement ;
divergence froni a fixed standard of opinion, etc.
1646 Sir TI. Browne Pseud. Ef. vt. xi. 331 To take away
all doubt or any probable divarication, the curse is plainel
specified in the Text. 165x Biccs New Disp. » 185 Whic
is drawn from the divarications of the cubit. 1856 Ferrier
Inst, Metaph. 1. xiv. 91 The divarication of the two systems
—our popular ps ~ sd on the one hand..and our strict
metaphysics on the other hand. 1865 J. H. Stirtinc Secr.
Hegel 1. 152 How reconcile ourselves to the discrepancy
and divarication ? :
Diva‘ricator. [agent-noun in L. form from |
Drvaricatev.] That which divaricates ; a muscle
which draws parts asunder, as the muscle which
opens the shells of Brachiopods. Also aé¢rzd.
1870 Rotteston Anim. Lie 234 Divaricator muscle,
passing from hinge process in the dorsal valve into the
peduncle. 18.. Huxtey(Cent.), Divaricators of the wall of
the sac, 1888 Rotteston & Jackson Anim, Life 693 In the
hinged Brachiopoda ..the dorsal valve is furnished with
a projecting cardinal process to which are attached the di-
varicator muscles, |
+ Divast, a. Obs. rare—. [incorrect form for
devast: cf. L. dévast-us ‘frightfully large’, and
Devast v.] Devastated, laid waste.
1 T. Harvey Owen's Efigrams 89 Time will come
when th’ earth shall lie divast.
Dive (daiv),v. Forms: a.1 dufan, 2 duven;
B. 1d¥fan, 2-3 duve(n (7), 3 diven, 3-6 (9 dial.)
deve, deeve (6 deave), 4-6 dy(e)ve, 7-9 dieve,
6- dive. Pa.t. a. 1 déaf, 2-3 dewf, 3 def, 9
U.S. and Eng. dial. dove ; B. 1 d¥fde, 3 defde, 7—
div’d, 6- dived. [OE. had two verbs: (1) the
primary strong vb. diifan, pa-t. déaf, pl. dufon,
pa. pple. dofen, intr. to duck, dive, sink ; (2) the de-
rivative causal weak vb. dy/fan, dy file, zedyfd to dip,
submerge. Already in 12th c. these had begun to
be confounded, the primary diven (pa. t. dew, déf,
pa. pple. dover) being used also trans., and the
causal dyven intrans., so that the two became
synonyms, and before 1300 the strong vb. became
obs., dpven (s.w. diiven, s.e. déven, midl. and north |
diven) remaining, chiefly in the intrans. sense of the
OE. strong vb. Of the compound dedzve, the pa.
pple. Bepoven came down to 16th c. in Sc. Only
traces of this verb are found in the cognate langs. : |
ON. had dyfa to dip (also in same sense deyfa); |
MDnu. had dediven, pa. pple. dedoven, mod.Du. be- |
duiven=OE. bedtifan. These belong to an OTeut. |
}
|
|
ablaut series deub-, daud-, dub-, secondary form
of deup-, daup-, dup-, to dip, submerge:—pre-Teut.
stems (weak-grade) dhup-, dhib-, respectively.
The s.e. deven gave the later deeve, deave, dieve; the
modern dial. pa. t. dove is app. a new formation after |
drive, drove, or weave, wove.) |
I. intr. 1, To descend or plunge into or under |
water or other liquid. (Usually, unless otherwise |
stated, to plunge head-foremost. )
ax000 Riddles \xxiii. 4 (Gr.) Ic..deaf under yde. c1220
Bestiary 539 Sone he [the whale] diued dun to grunde, He
dreped ‘hem alle wid-uten wunde. 1377 Laci. P. PLB.
xu. 163 Pat one hath connynge..and can swymmen and |
dyuen. ?a1400 Balade in Fyll of Breyntford, &c.(1871) 35 |
To dompe als deepe as man may dyeve bus holde I bett ban |
labour as a Reve. c¢ 1440 Promp. Parv.124/1 Dyvyn vnder
be weter, sudnato. 1555 EpeN Decades 95 They durste
not aduenture to dyue to the bottome. 1567 Mapiet Gr.
Forest 102 Those birds that deeuing downe to the waters to
ketch fish, drowne themselues. 1660 BoyLe New. Exp. P/ys.
Mech, Digress. 375 ‘Whose that dive for Pearles in the West
Indies. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VI. 69 [The cormo-
rant] from a vast height drops down to dive after its prey.
1834 McMurtrie Cuvier’s Anim. Kingd. 71 These animals
--close their nostrils when they dive by a kind of valve.
1867 Hayes Ofen Polar Sea xxxvi, The whole herd. .dove
down with a tremendous splash. 5
b. ¢ransf. To descend with similar motion into
the earth, an abyss, etc.
_ a@xa25 St, Marher. 17 Ah flih sorhfule thing ut of min
ehsihde, ant def thider [into hell]. 1610 SHaxs. Temp.
1. ii, 191, I come To answer thy best pleasure; be’t..to diue
into the fire. 1615 CuapMAN Odyss. x. 245, The reason,
how the man-enlightning sunne Diues vnder earth. 1725
Pore Odyss. xxi. 104 e fierce soul to darkness dived
and hell. 1882 NV. Y. Herald 14 Mar. 4/5 Women dove head-
long from the crosstrees into friendly and convenient nets.
+2. Of things: To sink deeply into water or
the like; to penetrate into any body, Ods.
¢ 1205 Lay. 6505 pet sweord in deaf. a1225 ¥uliana
29 Euch dunt defde in hire leofliche lich. /did. 76 & wid
pat ilke beide & def duuelinge dun to per eo @ 1225
Aner, R, 282 A bleddre ibollen ful of winde ne duued nout
into eos deope wateres. 1567 Maptet Gr. Forest 111 The
Spider. .of the water. This laste is of such nimblenesse that
running vpon the water neuer drowneth nor deaueth. 1
Suaxs. Yohn v. ii. 139 To diue like Buckets in concealed
welles. 1607 — Timon 1v.i. 2 O thou Wall..diue in the
earth, And fence not Athens. af
3. To penetrate with the hand zv/o any recess;
to plunge the hand zy/o water, etc., or zzo a vessel,
=. for thé purpose of taking something out. b.
slang. To pick pockets.
a1joo B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Dive, to pick a Pocket.
1714 Gay Trivia u. 89 She'll lead thee with delusivé
547
Smiles along, Dive in thy fob, and drop thee in the throng.
1821 Lams Zéia Ser. 1. Old Bencher's 1. 7., He took snuff
. diving for it under the mighty flaps of his old-fashioned ~
waistcoat pocket. 1889 Jrssorp Coming of Friars ii. 5+,
I at once dived into one of the boxes, and then spent half
the night in examining some of its treasures.
+e. spec. To plunge a fork into a large pot con-
taining portions of meat, having paid for the privi-
lege of taking whatever the fork brings up. Ods.
1748 SMotietr Lod. Rand. xiii, Diving, practised by those
who are..inclined to live frugally.. Many creditable people
..dive every day. :
4. fig. To enter deeply or plunge zo (a matter) ;
to penetrate.
1583 Stanynurst -Zxve7s ii. (Arb.) 44 But Capys and
oothers diuing more deepelye to bottom..Dyd wish thee
woodden monster weare drowned. 1593 Suaks. Rich. //, 1.
iv. 25 He did seeme to diue into their hearts With humble
and familiar courtesie. 1630 PryNne Axnti-Armin, 10 Into
the grounds and causes of which euery meane capacity may
diue. 1754 Snertock Disc. (1759) I. iii. 136 The vain
Attempts of Men to dive into..the Mysteries of God. 1845
M. Pattison £ss. (1889) I. 23 The king. .had been diving
into the collection of the canons.
5. To dart suddenly down or into some place or
passage; to dart out of sight, disappear.
1844 Dickens: Mart. Chuz. viii, Mr. Pecksniff.. dived
across the street. 1873 Burton //ist. Scot. VI. Ixxi.
The Highlanders..had dived into their mountain recesses.
1891 N. Goutp Double Event 27 He dived into the nearest
restaurant, 1893 C. Kine Foes 7n Ambush 8 He..dove out
of sight. 1893 Q. [Coucn] Delectable Duchy 19 Where
a straight pathway dived between hazel-bushes and appeared
again twenty feet above.
II. trans. [In early use OF. dyfan; from 16th
c. a new construction].
6. To dip, submerge, or plunge (a person or
thing) 272, or zo a liquid, or the like. arch.
cgoo tr. Beda’s Hist. v. xiii. [xii]. (1891) 436 He hine on
am streame sencte and dyfde. a1000 Aiddles xxvii. 3
(Gr.) Mec feonda sum. .dyfde on watre. c1200 Trin. Coll.
Hom. 43 Louerd ‘ne paue pu pat storm me duue. /é7d.
Woreldes richeise weched orgel on mannes heorte, and deud
him on helle . alse storm dod pat ship in pe watere. 1594
Hooker Eccl, Pol, 1v. xii. $3 ‘To diue an infant either
thrice or but once in Baptisme. 1605 VersTEGAN Dec.
Intell, ii. (1628) 45 The Germans vsed to take their new-
born children and to diue them in riuers. 1662 Sir W.
Ducpate Hist. Imbanking & Draining (1772) 231 Vhence-
forth, neither flax or hemp should be dieved in the said
sewers, 1854 Syp. Dosett alder xxii. 84 Spout thee to
heaven, and dive thee to the deep !
b. To plunge (the hand or anything held) zzfo.
(A trans. variant of 3.)
cr Greene Fr. Bacon i. 81 She turned her smocke
ouer her lilly armes, And diued them into milke to run her
cheese, 1878 'T. P. Bicc-Witner Pioneer. Brasil 1. 266
‘The Camaradas dive their own spoons into the bag and
commence to eat from it all together. 1891 Blackzw. Jag.
Mar. 314 She had ‘ dieved’ her kettle into the snow instead
of filling it at the pump. 1893 Q. [Coucu] Delectable Duchy
42 He dived a hand into his tail pocket.
te. dransf. and fig. To plunge, cause to sink.
1649 Drumm. or Hawtn. Hist. Fas. IV, Wks. (1711) 78 By
largesses, banqueting, and other magnificence, diving him-
selfin debt. 1672 Marvett Reh. Transp. 1.55 The River
dives it self under ground. 1771 A/use in Min. 14 Nurse
of nature... Dive me in thy depths profound. E
7. To penetrate or traverse by diving; to dive
into or through. Now zare.
1615 CHAPMAN Odyss. v. 459 She..Turn’d to a cormorant,
div’d, past sight, the main. c16g0 Drennam Old Age 794
The Curtii bravely dived the gulf of flame. 1772 Poetry
in Ann. Reg. 224 She fish’d the brook,—she div'd the
main. 1813 T. Bussy Lucretius 1. 1015 ‘lo those who
seldom dive the well of truth. 1847 Emerson Poems (1857)
42 He dives the hollow, climbs the steep.
8. slang. To pick (pockets).
162 B, Jonson Gifsies Metamorph. Wks. (Rtldg.) 619,2
Using your nimbles [fingers], In diving the pockets.
Dive (doiv), sd. [f. Dive v.]
1. The act of diving ; a darting plunge into or
through water or the like. /#, and fig.
‘The Amateur Swimming Association distinguishes between
adiveandaplunge. he latter is defined as a standing dive
made head-first from a firm take-off, free from spring. ‘The
plunger does not add any further impetus, but allows himself
to progress till all forward motion ceases, when he raises his
face above water. A dive may be running, from a spring-
board, and with propulsion added on reaching the water.
1700 IT’. Brown Amus, Ser. & Com. 126 A Pick-Pocket ;
who made a Dive into my Pocket. 1804 Miniature No. 19
?2 Upon taking too profound a dive into the Bathos,
he was.. unfortunately drowned. 1828 Boy's Own Bk.,
‘ Swimming’ 107 (The Dolphin) This is taking a dive
from the surface of the water by turning heels upwards
for that purpose, instead of leaping from a bank or elsewhere.
1875 Tatmace 7ea-7ad/e iii, 1 first take a dive into the
index, a second dive into the preface. 1893 Badminton
Libr., Swimming 107 The usual high dive is a mere dro
at a down-ward angle. 1893 Eart Dunmore Pamirs 11.
270 He [the hawk]. . gave a sort of dive underneath him.
2. transf. A sudden dart into a place or across a
space, esp. so as to disappear.
Mod. He made a dive into the nearest shop.
3. In U.S. An illegal drinking-den, or other dis-
reputable place of resort, often situated in a cellar,
basement, or other half-concealed place, into which
frequenters may ‘ dive’ without observation. Hence
dive-keeper. f
1882 Society 11 Nov. 7/2 The proprietor of a New York
‘dive’, 1883 H. H. Kane in Harfer’s Mag. Nov. 945/1
Those who frequent the opium-smoking dives. 1886 E. Ww.
DIVER,
Giuuiam in N. Amer. Rev. July 33 There are 150 gambling
dives, the approaches to which are so barricaded as to defy
police detection. 1887 Boston Yrul. 24 Apr. 2/4 Ordinary
saloons and unlicensed dives did a rushing trade.
Dive, variant of Div.
Di-ve-dap, -dop. O’s. exc. dial. Forms: 1
dufedoppa, 3 douedoppe(n, 4 dyuedap, deue-
dep, 6 dyuendop, 9g dal. dive dop, dive an’ dop.
[OE. dufedoppa, f. diifan to dive, duck + doppa,
agent-n. f. ablaut stem déop-, déap-, dup- (dop-) to
dip: cf. dop-entd dipping-duck, coot, dop-fugel
dipping-fowl, diver ; also the derivative vb. dofpet-
tan to dip often. The first element appears to
have been changed to dyve- when the strong form
of the vb. became obsolete: see Dive. Some
later forms are due to ‘popular etymology’.]
=next.
a1ooo Lamb, Ps. ci{i]. 6 (Bosw.) Gelic zeworden ic eom
niht-hrafne odde dufedoppan westennes. c 1290 5. /. Leg.
I, 452/127 He_saiz3h douedoppene fisches cachche, 1382
Wycuir Lev, xi. 17 An owle, and a deuedep [1388 dippere ;
Vulg. mergulum.) — Deutsxiv.17 Vuclene (briddis} cete
3e not, that is,..a dyuedap, a pellican, and a ny3t crowe.
a1s29 SkeLton Phyllyp Sparowe 450 With the wilde
mallarde ; ‘he dyuendop to slepe. 1885 Swainson /’707'.
Names Brit, Birds 216 Divedapper or Divedop (Lincolnsh.)
. Dive an’ dop (Norfolk).
Di-ve-dapper. és. exc. dial. Also 6 dive-
doppel, 6-7 dive-dopper. [The form dive-doppel
is app. a dim, of divedop, -dap; the for in -dapper,
-dopper, is assimilated to agent-nouns in -ER] A
small diving waterfowl ; a dabchick; = DipAprER;
also applied to other diving water fowls.
1559 Brecon Display. Popish Mass Prayers, etc. (1844)
276 Vhen once again kneel ye down, and up again, like
dive-doppels, and kiss the altar. xrg92 Snaxs. Ven. & Ad.
86 Vpon this promise did he raise his chin, Like a diuedapper
peering through a waue. 1605 Drayton J/anu in Aoone
187 And in a Creeke where waters least did stirre,
from the rest the nimble Divedopper. 1659 D. Pets /ipr.
Sea 383 note, The black dive-dappers in the salt-waters.
1783 Ainsworth's Lat. Dict., A didapper, or dive dapper,
mergus. 1885 [see Dive-par].
b. Applied, ludicrously, to a person.
1607 MippLeton 7 ith to catch Old One w.v. Wks. (Buller
II. 340 Behold the little dive dapper of damnation, Gulf the
usurer, 1654 ‘TRarp Come, /’s, xxix. 3 Yet your dive-
dappers duck not at this rattle in the air.
Hence Ditve-dopping f//. a. (w0nce-wd.), diving
or ducking like a dabchick.
1615 J. STEPHENS Satyr. Ess., Informer (1857) 193 He is
worse then an Otter-hound for a dive-dopping Ale-house
keeper: and hunts him out unreasonably.
Divel, obs. form of Devin.
Divelina‘tion. xonce-wad. [f. devil and divina-
dion.) Divination by aid of the devil.
1591 Horsey 7'vav. (Hakl. Soc.) 199 ‘To receive and bring
from them [witches] their divelinacions or oracles.
+ Dive'll, v. Obs. [ad. L. divell-cre to tear or
rend asunder, f. dz-, dis-, Dis- 1 + vellére to tear.
Cf. Divuise.] trans. To tear, rend, or pull asun-
der. Hence Dive'lling ///. a., divellent.
1627-47 FrettHam Resolves 1. [ut]. xlvii. 147 How the
antient society of the body and the soul is divelled. 1646
Sir_T. Browne Pseud. Ep. ui. xxv. 174 They [eyelids]
begin to separate, and may be easily divelled or parted
asunder. 180r Cuenevix in PA72. Trans. XCI. 223 Anew
order of divelling affinities. ;
Divellent (di-, doivelént), a [ad. L. divel
Jent-ent, pr. pple. of diveliéve to DIVELL.] Draw-
ing asunder; decomposing, separative.
1782 Kirwan in Phil. Trans. LXXIIL. 40 In all decom-
positions we must consider, first, the powers which resist
any decomposition .. and, secondly, the powers which tend
to effect a decomposition and anew union. he first I shall
call guéescent affinities, and the second sort divedlent. 1865,
Cuenevix in PAil, Trans. XCV. 108 The application of
two divellent forces. 1850 Dauseny A tom. Th. x. (ed. 2) 351
Unstable equilibrium .. with the divellent and quiescent
attractions so nearly balanced, that nothing but the inertia
of the atoms tends to maintain the existing combination.
Divellicate (deivelikeit), v. [f. L. d7-, ais-,
Dis- 1 + ppl. stem of veldicare to pluck, twitch,
pinch, deriv. of vel/éve to pluck, pull: cf. DivELL.]
trans. To tear asunder, pull to pieces. Also fig.
1638 Sir T. Hervert 7vav. (ed. 2) 101 To reduce all
Majesty (too long divellicated) to the proper station. 1749
Fiecpinc Jom Yones vu. xiii, The interior membranes
were so divellicated, that the, os, or bone, very plainly
appeared. 1752 — Amelia v. vi, My brother told me you
had used him dishonestly, and had divellicated his character
behind his back. 1837 Blackw. Mag. XLII. 234 Three out
of the fifteen were divellicated from the parent stem,
+ Diventilate, v. Obs. rare—°. [f. L. diven-
tilare, {. ventilare to fan, winnow, toss in the air.]
(See quot.) Hence + Diventila'tion.
1656 Biount Glossogr., Diventilate, to fan or winnow,
--also to turn out of one hand into another. 1658 Puitiirs,
Diventilation, a winnowing, or tossing to and fro.
Diver (dai'vo1). [f. Dive v.+-rR!.]
1. A person who dives under water. sfec. One
who makes a business of diving in order to collect
pearl-oysters, to examine sunken vessels, etc.
1506 Guytrorpe Pylgr. (Camden) 76 The rother..by
suttell crafte of a dyuer, was set perfaytly in her place the
~ same nyght. The sayde dyuer dyde all that busynes beynge
t
vnderneth the water. 1555 Even Decades 95 They had
certeyne dyuers or fysshers exercised from t 3 youthe
69*—2
DIVER.
in swymmynge vnder the water. 1622 R. Hawkins Voy.
|
548
a point or from each other, as lines, rays of light,
S. Sea (1847) 227 Eight negroes, expert swimmers, and .
great deevers, whom the Spaniards call dxsos. 1695 Woov- etc. Pes oF K te of oo a after the teal
warp Nat, Hist. Earth (1723) 27 Dyvers, and Fi for Rag, COKE pele N TO ter the refrac:
Pearls. x fT ibr., Swit ing 99 If deep bts iverge and seat aie aoe seg 1, axiom Vi,
diving be often indulged in ..a curious di » | as b neal Rays... vatlel er wards fee line #0: many
‘Diver's paralysis’ is likely to be contracted. ee mrad Dats Lad a — ard = ged Comeen Wak a
b. An animal expert in diving. (Cf. 2.) Ethelred’s house, the centre of six ways, Diverging wach
1694 Acc. Sev. Late Voy. 1.(1711) 90 ‘This Bird is a Diver.
1735 SoMERVILLE Chase 1. 445 This artful Diver [the Fox]
best can bear the Want of vital Air. 1847 Carrenter Zood.
$455 Most of them [Ducks], too, are g' divers.
e. fig. One who ‘ dives’ into a subject, etc.
1624 Wotton Archit. A diver into causes, and into the
mysteries of proportion. 1654 W. Mountacue Devout Ess.
u. iv. $3 RY Diuers in the deep of providence.
2. A name given to various water birds remark-
able for their power of diving. a. spec. The com-
mon name of the Colymdide, noted for the time
they remain and the distance they traverse under
water; species are the Great Northern D., the
Black-throated D., the Red-throated D., etc. bd.
The little grebe, dabchick, or dive-dapper and
other species of grebe. . Various species of
Anseres: Black Diver, the common scoter, Dun
Diver, the female and young male merganser.
¢1sro Barcray Mirr. Gd. Manners (1570) F iij, When
shall the diuer leaue in waters for to be? 1 Hv oer,
Diuer byrde. 1678 Ray W7ilughby's Ornith. 341 The
greatest speckled Diver or Loon: Colymbus maxinius
caudatus, [bbd. 366 Vhe black Diver or Scoter: Anas
niger minor, 1766 Pennant Zool. (1812) II. 213 The
Dun Diver, or female [Merganser] is less than the male.
1774 Gotpsm. Nat. Hist. vi. viii. VI. 98 The first of this
smaller tribe is the Great Northern Diver. 1 G, Waite
Selborne u. xiii. (1853) 272 Divers and auks walk as if |
fettered. 1828 Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. 1. 321 Little Auk,
or Small Black and White Diver. 1862 AnsteD Channel
Js. i. ix.(ed. 2) 207 The great northern, the black-throated,
and the red-throated divers visit us regularly each winter.
3. A pickpocket; see also quot. 1608.
1608 Dekker Belman of Lond. Wks. 1884-5 III. 140 The
Diuer workes his Iugling feates by y* help of a boy, (called
a Figger) whom hee thrusts in at a casement..this Figger
deliuers to the Diuer what snappings he findes in the shop
or chamber. 1611 Mippieton & Dekker Roaring Cirle
v. i. Wks. (Bullen) IV. 133 A diuer with two fingers, a picke-
pocket. 1706 E. Warp H/ud. Kediv. 1. 1. 24 So expert
Divers call aloud, Pray mind your Pockets, to the Crowd.
1887 Baumann Londismen p. v, Are Smashers and divers
--Not sold to the beaks By the coppers an’ sneaks?
4. Something made to plunge under water.
1799 G. Smitu /aéoratory 1. 22 The water-crackers, or
divers, are commonly rammed in cases. 1820 Scoressy Acc.
Arct. Reg. 1, 186 This instrument which I called a marine
diver..With this..I completed a series of experiments on
submarine temperature.
b. 1884 Chesh. Gloss., Divers, the larger blocks of burr
stone used for making river embankments.
Hence Di-ver-like a. and adv,
1791 Cowrrr //iad xv1. 906 He, diver-like, from his exalted
stand Behind the steeds pitch’d headlong.
+ Diver, v. Ods. [app. related to Daven v.,
and Du. daveren to shake, quake, LG. déveren,
diveren (Matz.); but the phonology is obscure.]
intr. ‘To shake, quake.
a 1225 Leg. Kath. 619 Ha ne schulden nowoer diuerin ne
dreden, «1225 St. Marher. 16 Speoken i ne dar nawt, ah
diueri ant darie drupest alre binge. a 1240 Wohunge in Cott.
Hom, 283 Tu pat al be world fore mihte drede and diuere.
+Di-verb. O¢s. [f. di- (? D1-2 two, twice)
+ L, verbum word: cf. L. diverbium ‘the collo-
quial part of a comedy, the dialogue’, to which,
however, the Eng. use shows no lane
A proverb, byword ; a proverbial expression.
(Often used, and app. introduced by Burton; Richardson
explains ‘an antithetical proverb or saying, in which the
rts or members are contrasted or opposed’; but this is
ardly applicable to all Burton's diverbs.)
1621-51 Burton Anat. Mel. u, ii. 1v.(1676) 178/2 You may
define ex ungue leonent, as the diverb is, by his thumb alone
the bigness of Hercules. /did. u. iii. vit. 220/1 Durum &
durum non faciunt murum, as the diverb is. /ééd. 1. iii. 1.
ii. 364/1 England is a paradise for women, and hell for
horses; Italy a paradise of horses, hell for women, as the
diverbe goes. 1678 Br. Werennatt Office of Preaching
93 What do we mean by the usual diverb, the Italian
eligion? 1689 Hick eRrinGiLt Ceremony- Monger Wks. (1716)
II. 498 Verifying the Proverb, A great Head and little
Wit; not that the Diverb is always true, but it is often so.
Diverbal (daivs-bal), a. rare. [f. Di-2 +
VERBAL; or? f, prec.] Relating to two words.
1845 New Monthly Mag. XVI. 30 It may. .be asserted of
this di-verbal allusion, that it is too good to be natural.
+ Dive'rberate, v. Ods. [f. L. diverberat- ppl.
stem of diverberdre to strike or cleave asunder,
f. di-, Dis- 1+ verberare to beat, scourge, whip.]
trans. To cleave asunder ; to strike through.
1609 J. Davirs Holy Roode cx\vii, These cries for .. blood
diuerberate The high resounding Heau’n's convexitie. 1656
Biounr Glossogr., Diverberate . -to strike, beat or cut.
Hence Diverbera‘tion, beating.
1651 Kaleigh's Ghost 311 Praise (which is but an idle
diverberation or empty sound of ayre). 1658 Puituirs,
Diverberation, a violent beating. 1684 tr, Bonet's Merc.
Compit. x. 352 Aquapendent mentions this diverberation.
Diverge (divs-1dz, dai-), 7. [ad. mod.L. diverg-
ére, {. di-, Dis- 1 +vergére to bend, turn, incline,
Verce. Cf. F. diverger, Sp., Pg. divergir.]
1. intr. To proceed in different directions from
from each, like equal rays. . 1816 Keatince Trav. (1817)
II. 232 The mountains here diverge, in a fan-like form.
1851 RicHarpson Geol. (1855) 148 The anticlinal line is that
elevated central point from which the strata diverge. I
b. transf. and fig. To take different courses ; to
turn off from a track or course ; to differ in opinion
or character; to deviate from a typical form or
normal state.
1856 E. A. Bonn Russia at close 16th C, (Hakl. Soc.)
Introd. 27 Brought up to the practice of medicine, he
diverged to the profession of astrol 1856 Dove Logic
Chr. Faith v. i. § 2. 264 We. may diverge, either into the
region of morals..or into the region of matter. 1860 Tyn-
DALL Glac. 1. iii. 31, I diverged from the track. 1867 J.
Martineau Ess, II. 377 This is the point .. at which Aris-
totle diverges from Plato. ;
e. Math. Said of an infinite series the sum of
which increases indefinitely as the number of terms
is increased. Opp. to CONVERGE Ic.
1796 Hutron Math, Dict. 11. 436 When the terms grow
larger and larger, the Series is called a diverging one, be-
cause that by collecting the terms continually, the succes-
sive sums diverge, or go always farther and farther from the
true value or radix of the Series.
2. trans. To cause (lines or rays) to branch off
in different directions ; to make divergent, deflect.
1748 Phil. Trans. X\.V. 187 The electrified Jet or Stream
..is diverged into several divergent Rays. 1758 J. Dottonp
in Phil. Trans. 1. 740 In general the crown glass seems to
diverge the light rather the least. c 1865 J. Wy-pe in Cire,
Sc. 1. 260/1 An electric current diverges a magnetic needle.
1879 H. Gruss in Proc. R. Dudbl. Soc. 184 The makers [of
stereoscopes] have got so accustomed to diverging their
eyes, that .. they require little or no divergent power.
Dive'rgement. [f. prec.+-MEN?T.] The ac-
tion of diverging ; divergence.
1766 G. Cannine Anti-Lucretius 1v. 257 Then Epicurus
had not been constrain’d His lame absurd Divergement to
have feign’d. 1835 Kirsy //ad. § Just. Anim. 1. App. 359
It..can fix itself..also by the divergement of its lobes.
1835 — Power, etc. God (1852) 11. 15 Obliged to retrograde,
and begin a branch, from the point of its divergement.
Divergence (divs-idzéns, dai-). [ad. mod.L.
divergentia (f. divergére) or a. F. divergence (17th
c. in Hatz.-Darm,): see DIVERGENT and -ENCE.]
1. The action of diverging ; moving off in different
directions from the same point (called the point of
divergence), so that the intervening distance con-
tinually increases, ‘The opposite of convergence.
1656 Hoanes Sir Less. 11. Wks. 1845 VII. 252 That
angle which is generated by the divergence of two straight
lines. 1657 Watts Corr. of Hobbes ix. 81 Doth it remain
the same angle, the same quantity of divergence? 171
Deruam Phys. Theol. w. ii. (Seager) ‘The convergences an
divergences of the rays. 1870 R. M. Fercuson Electr.
34 This divergence from the true north. '
b. ellipt. for amount or degree of divergence.
1880 Gray Struct. Bot. iv. § 1. 121 This angular diver-
gence (i.e. the angular distance of any two successive leaves).
1882 Vines Sachs’ Bot, 608 The stamens stand in one or two
turns with the divergence */2) or 1/34.
2. transf. and fig. The departure from each other
of two paths, courses, modes of action, or pro-
cesses ; continuous departure or deviation from a
standard or norm.
1839 Atison //ist. Europe (1849-50) VII. xliv. § 84. 370
Augereau's divergence had been occasioned by somethin;
more than the snow-storm., 1858 GLapstone //omer IL.
140 The natural divergence of the two traditions. 1871 L.
STEPHEN rhe pif Eur. iy. wi. 232 There was the widest
divergence of opinion as to our probable fate. 1888 Bryce
Amer, Comnew, Il. 1. xl. 88 note, An illustration of the
divergences between countries both highly democratic. |
3. Math. a. Of aseries: the action of diverging
(DIVERGE v. 1c), or fact of being divergent.
In fluid motion, the decrement of density at any
point. In quaternions, the negative of the scalar
part of the result of operating with the Hamiltonian
operator upon a vector function (which serves to
measure such decrement),
1858 Topuunter Algebra xl. heading, Convergence and
Divergence of Series.
Divergency. [f.as prec.: see -ENcY.]
1. The quality or state of being divergent; the
amount or degree of divergence.
x Berketey 7h. Vision § 6 The apparent distance
still increasing, as the divergency of the rays decreases.
€1790 Imison Sch. Art I, 86,1 .. present, it to the balls in
their diverging state .. if it increase their divergency .. it
shews their electricity to be..negative. 183: Brewster
Optics i. § 16.7 The rays will have the same divergency after
reflexion as they had before it.
b. ¢ransf. and fig.
1860 Westcorr /utrod, Study Gosp. vii. (ed. 5) 350 General
agreement will be diversified by ch istic divergenci
1879 Proctor Pleas. Ways Sc. xiii. That divergency
which, .characterizes the relationship between man and the
anthropoid ape.
2. Math.;
a series).
1837 Penny Cyci. V1I1. 486/1 Of series of positive terms
"Divergent character or quality (of
x
| or Meerginaty
!
|
DIVERS.
which diminish without limit, a test of convergency or diver-
| encdlongs F< agry Aad ven as follows. 1887 Hatt &
nicut Higher Algebra § 279. 230 Rules by which we
can test the convergency or divergency of a given series
without effecting its summation.
3. = DIVERGENCE 1.
1787-83 Cuampers Cycé. s.v. Virtual
Was ¢ ey sic » on a g y pegs Const.
‘an (1835) I. iii. 156 The point of departure or divergency.
Divergent (diva-idzént, doi-),a. [ad. mod.L.
divergent-em, pr. pple. of divergére to DIVERGE :
ef. F. divergent (17th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).]
1. Proceeding in different directions from each
other or from a common point ; departing more -
widely from each other ; diverging.
1696 Puiirs, Divergent, a Term in icks, said of the
which having suffered the Refraction, separate one
from the other. 1796 Morse Amer, Geog. 1. 590 Lines
..so combined as to meet at certain given points, with the
divergent avenues. 1829 Soutney Sir 7. More Ded. x,
Central plains, Whence rivers flow divergent. 1869 ‘l'yx-
pat Notes Lect. Light § 92 If these on rays be
produced backwards, they will intersect behind the mirror.
1871 Darwin Desc. Man II. xix. 345 The Siamese have
Focus, Also called
small noses, with divergent nostrils.
2. transf. and fig. Following different routes,
lines of action, or of thought; deviating from each
other or from a standard or normal course or type.
1801 W. Dupré Neolog. Fr. Dict. 93 stions divergent
(or which diverge) from themselves. Soutuey in Q.
Rev. XLVIII, 240 Thence arise divergent opinions.
Giapstone Glean. (1879) VI. iii. 144 Were the question
between historical Christianity and systems opposed to or
divergent from it.
3. Of, pertaining to, characterized or produced
by, divergence.
(Divergent squint: strabismus in which the axes of the
eyes diverge.)
1831 Brewster Oftics iv. 34 The divergent point of
diverging rays. 1870 T. Hoimes Surg. . 2) TM. 248
Strabismus may be either convergent or divergent. 1879
[see Diverce 7, 2]. ; E A
4. Math. Applied to an infinite series of terms,
the sum of which becomes indefinitely greater as
more and more terms are taken. (Opp. to Con-
VERGENT @. 2.)
Sometimes used to include oscillatory series, or such as
oscillate from one value to another, as the series of 1-14
1-1+1.., the sum of which oscillates between o and 1.
1837 Penny Cycl. VII. 486/1 Series of increasing terms are
certainly divergent. rag Topuunter Algebra xi. § 557
An infinite series in which all the terms are of the same
is divergent if each term is greater than some assigned finite
quantity however small.
Divergentiflorous, a. #ot. [f. L. diver-
yent-em + florus, f. florem flower ; cf. F. divergenti-
frore.] Having diverging flowers.
1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex.
Divergently, adv. [f. Divercenr + -Ly 2]
In a divergent manner; divergingly.
1812-16 J. Smitn Panorama Sc. & Art 1. 485 Pencils of
rays, which, after their crossing. .proceed divergently. 1840
Blackw. Mag. XLVI. 778 Variations. .{which) like those
of the compass, point, not divergently, but with wavering
trepidations in the same direction. f
Dive -, combining form abbreviated from
divergentt- (see above) ; e.g. Divergine’rvious a.
#ot., having diverging nerves; Divergive-nate a.
Sot., having diverging veins.
1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex.
Dive , ppl.a. [f. Diverce v. + -1NG 2.]
1. Proceeding in different directions from a com-
mon point, so as to become more and more widely
separate; turning off from the straight anverret
P. ed, Kersey), Dr t or Divergii
ae thes Sage ciel cauieey deuarean aa
another, 4 inwan Elem, Min, (ed. 2) I. 35 These are
straight or curved, parallel or diverging, or stellated.
Wixpnam Diary in Rye Cromer (1889) 75 A diverging
struck their Capt. Tremlett .. on the fo. 1875 Jowerr
Plato (ed. 2) 1V. 387 Thus, after wandering in many diver-
ging paths, we return to common sense. :
fg. 1860 Emerson Cond. Life, Fate Wks. (Bohn) -—
Uterine brothers with this diverging destination,
Stantey Yew, Ch. (1877) 1. xviii. 350 Two diverging epochs.
2. Math. ; =DIVERGENT 4. ar
Hu Math, Dict. U1. Dive: Series, is
oon eicua aadk commana og or ie the suc-
cessive sums of its terms Srertints going off always the
farther, from the sum or value of the Series. 1807 — Course
Math. 11. 300 The series produced may be a converging
one, rather than diverging, - HI
Hence Dive'rgingly adv., in a diverging manner;
with divergence; divergently.
Kirwan Elem. Min, (ed. 2) I. 159 Fracture, parallel,
1811 Pinkerton /etrad. 1, 308 Of a diver-
ingly striated texture. 1828 Chem, in Aun. Reg. 5291
ys which issue divergingly.
Divers (dai-vaiz), a. [ME. divers, diverse, a.
OF. diviers, divers, fem. -erse (11th c. in Littré)
different, odd, wicked, > =It., + Pe: dtverso
:~L. divers-us contrary, different, unlike, te,
orig. ‘turned different ways’, pa. pple. of Ghoertive
to Divert. The spelling was in ME. indifferentl
divers and diverse. The stress was inO.
on the last syllable, but in conformity with ay os
habits, was at a very early date shifted to the 4
though, as with other words from French, both
. DIVERS.
pronunciations long co-existed, esp. in verse. After
dé-vers became the established prose form, esp. in
sense 3, in which the word is always plural, the
final s came, as in plural nouns, to be pronounced
as 5, and the word to be identical in pronunciation
with the plural of diver.]
+1. Different or not alike in character or quality ;
not of the same kind. Oés. in this form since
¢1700, and now expressed by Diverse a. 1, Ods.
exzgso Kent. Serm. in O. E, Misc. 33 So as we habeb
i-seid of diuers wordles ..so we mowe sigge of po elde of
eueriche men. @1300 Cursor MM. 11054 (Cott.) Bot pat
mensking pam bi-tuin, Was sum-quat diuers, als i wene.
¢ 1384 Cuaucer //, Fame 1. 484 Bid him bring his clarioun
That is ful dyvers of his soun. c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg.
32 Also pese woundis han dyuers [4/7S. B. dyverse] cause.
1513 Brapsuaw St. Werburge 1. 58 Dyvers men dyvers in
lyvynge these be. 1568 Biste (Bishops’) Prov. xx. 23
Diuers weightes are an abomination vnto the Lord. 1625
(title) Free Schoole of Warre, or a Treatise whether it be
lawful to beare Arms for the Service of a Prince that is of
divers Religion. 169x Ray Creation 1. (1704) 67 The divers
Figures of the minute Particles.
+b. Const. from: Different (in kind, etc.) from.
.€1374 Cuaucer Boeth, 1. pr. x. 71 (Camb. MS.) But that
it ap “ol from hym by wenynge resoun. ¢ 1400 Lav/ranc’s
Cirurg. 119 Brekynge-of boonys in pe heed is dyuers in
perels fro brekinge of obere boonys. 1568 Biste (Bishops’)
Lsther iii. 8 Their lawes are diuers from al people. 1611
Biste Estheri.7 The vessels being diuers one from another.
By Owen Mind of God viii. 247 Openly divers from that
exhibited therein. :
+ 2. Differing from or opposed to what is right,
good, or profitable; perverse, evil, cruel ; adverse,
unfavourable. [Cf. OF. divers.] Obs.
1340 Ayenb. 68 Wypstondynge is a zenne bet comb of be
herte pet is rebel and hard and rebours and dyuers. @1450
Kut, de la Tour (1868) 88 An euelle quene and diuers and
to cruelle .. Gesabelle. 1523 Lp. Berners /7vo/ss. I. iv. 3
Ryght wyld and diuers of condicions. 1581 Satir. Poems
Reforms xliv. 156 Diuers in maners, vnhappy, fals, forlorne.
(1613 Suaxs. Hen, V//TJ, vy, iii. 18 New opinions, Diuers,
and dangerous, which are Heresies.]
3. Various, sundry, several ; more than one, some
number of. Referring originally and in form to
the variety-of objects ; but, as variety implies num-
ber, becoming an indefinite numeral word expressing
multiplicity, without committing the speaker to
‘many’ or ‘few’. Now somewhat archaic, but
well known in legal and scriptural phraseology.
a. with the notion of varzety the more promi-
nent ; Different, various. b. with that of zrdefinite
number more prominent: Several, sundry. (In
many cases both notions are equally present, and
the word might be rendered ‘several different’.
Cf. the sense-history of several, sundry, various,
all of which have come to be vague numerals.)
@. 1297 [see Diverse a. 5a]. 1340 HAMPOLE Pr. Consc. 3144
Alle pe fire pat es fakine Es bot a maner of fyre..And
noght divers fires, les and mare. 1382 Wyciir Mark i. 34
He helide many that weren trauelide with dyuers [wotxiAacs]
soris. ¢1440 /pomydon 86 Of dukis, erlis and barons, Man
there come frome dyvers townes. 1557 N. ‘I’. (Genev.) Hed.
i. 1 At sondrie tymes and in diuers maners, 1589 Cocan
Haven Health cxcviii. (1636) 186 Divers meates require
divers sawces, and divers men have divers appetites. 1669
Busyan Holy Citie 204 The word Sun is in Sera taken
divers ways. SAE Cook Voy. (1790) V._1552 Fish of
divers sorts. 1845-6 Trencu //u/s. Lect. 1. vi. 98 We have
the divers statements of St. Paul and St. James—divers but
not diverse. 1875 Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) I, 408 This heavenly
earth is of divers colours,
b. 1393 Gower Conf. III. 232 Thus tose Divers ensamples
how they stonde, 1513 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II.
807 The Citizens. .made divers dayes playes and Pagiaunts.
1585 T. Wasuincton tr. Nicholay’s Voy. 1. vii. § Too whom
..came running divers. other Turkes to recover him. 1614
Raceicu Hist. World 1. (1634) 113 If Nimrod tooke divers
yeeres to find Shinaar. 1751 Smotierr Per. Pic. xvi, The
old gentleman .. made divers ineffectual efforts to get up.
1818 Cruise Digest (ed. 2) III. 172 The two Chief Justices,
the Chief Baron, and divers other Justices there present.
1827 Jarman Powell's Devises 11. 195 Seised in fee of
divers freehold lands. 1840 Barnam /ugol. Leg., Witches’
Frolic 449 Conspiring with folks to deponents unknown,
With divers, that is to say, two thousand, people. 1860
Mrs. Cartyre Lett. 111. 36 There are directions to be given
to divers workmen before I start.
e. absol., and with of: Several, many. arch.
¢ 1450 [see Diverse a 5c]. 1526-34 TinpALE Mark viii. 3
Diuers of them came from farre. 1533 Frirn Answ. More
(1829) 174 Such fantastical apparitions do appear to divers.
@ 1618 RaveicH Mahomet (1637) 86 Hope of gaine provoked
divers to make search for him. 1628 Hospes Thucyd. 1.
xiii, He subdued divers of the islands. 1684 Scanderbeg
Ree, iii, 38 The General..slew divers, and forced the rest
to fly.
+4. as adv. =DIverseLy. Cf. Diverse a. 6.
1597 Danie. Civ. War's 11. Ixiii, Divers-speaking zeele.
1667 Mitton ?. Z. 1v. 234 The neather flood, Which .. now
divided..Runs divers, 1715-20 Pore //iad xvi. 347 His
troops..Fly divers. : c
_ Diverse (di-, daivs-s, doi-vars), @. [In origin
identical with Divers ; but in later use prob. more
immediately associated with L. diversus (cf. ad-
verse, inverse, obverse, perverse, reverse). Hence,
no longer (since ¢1702) used in the merely vague
numerical sense of divers, but always distinctly
associated with diversity.] eS
1. Different in character or quality ; not of the
549
same kind; not alike in nature or qualities. (For-
merly also written divers: see DIVERS 1.)
1297 R. Gtouc. (Rolls) 657 Supbe poru diuerse tonge me
clupep it seuerne. 1387 Trevisa ///gden (Rolls) I. 25 Take
hede of ey3te dyuerse manere of accountynge of 3eres.
¢1430 LypG. Hors, Shepe § G. (Roxb.) 4 The thirde was
white. .The fourth diuerce of colours. 1592 West 1st /'t,
Symbol. § 50 H, Wordes of diuerse or doubtfull significa-
tions. 1647-8 CorrerEt Davila's Hist. Fr. (1678) 30 From
the diverse sense, that men had of this proceeding. 1822
Coreriwce Lett. Convers., etc. 11. 83 The subjects of the
Lectures are indeed very different, but not, in the strict
sense of the term diverse: they are various rather than mis-
cellaneous. 1841-71 T.R. Jones Anim. Kingd, (ed. 4) 798
With habits so diverse, we may well expect corresponding
diversity in their forms. 1865 R. W. Dae Yew. Temp. ix.
(1877) 95 These diverse but not antagonistic spiritual forces.
| . Const. from (+ Zo).
c1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xii. 54 Paire clething also es
diuerse fra ‘oper men. @1568 AscHam Scholem, (Arb.) 157
A certaine outlandish kinde of talke, strange to them of
Athens, and diuerse from their writing. 1570 Act 13 Edis.
c. 29 Any Name contrary or dyverse to the name of the now
~ Chauncellor. 161x Biste Esther iii. 8 Their lawes are
diuerse from all people. 1754 Epwaxns Freed. IWill 1. iv. 25
Against, or diverse from present Acts of the Will. 1836
J. Gitsert Chr. Atonem, i. (1852) 11 A procedure .. very
diverse from that which he has universally prescribed.
2. Differing from itself under different circuni-
stances at different times, or in different parts ;
multiform, varied, diversified.
a1541 Wyatt Poet. Whs. (1861) 153 And beareth with his
sway the diverse Moon about. 1656 Ripciey act. Physick
ir An eschar .. of a diverse colour like a rainbow. 1875
Jowetr Plato (ed. 2) 1V. 19 Enlarging on the diverse and
multiform nature of pleasure.
+3. Different from, or opposed to what is right,
good, or profitable ; perverse, adverse. Ods.
1393 Gower Conf. IIL. 49 He found the see diverse With
many a windy storm reverse. /6/. II]. 295 Fortune .. as
I shall reherce..was to this lord diverse. a1450 Aut.de la
Tour (1868) 104 But kinge herode was diuerse, couettous,
and right malicious. 1483 Caxton G. de da Tour F vj b,
| An euylle cruell and dyuerse quene.
+4. Turning or impelling in different directions ;
diverting, distracting. (In Spenser.) Ods. rare.
1590 SPENSER /*. Q. 1. i, 10 In diverse doubt they been.
Tbid. 1, ii. 3 And into diverse doubt his wavering wonder
clove.
+5. = Divers 3, with its varieties a and b.
| Obs. (rare in this spelling after 1700).
| @ 1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 378 Pe kyng hem sende her & ber
. To dyuerse men, to vynde hem mete. ¢ 1340 Cursor J/.
1034 (‘T'rin.) Foure stremes passynge into dyuerse remes.
1450-1530 Myrr. our Ladye 209 tw aungels and men
desyred her byrthe for diuerse causes. a1g9z H. Siti
Seri. (1637) 777, Vhey thought that there were diverse Gods,
as there were diverse Nations, diverse trades, diverse lan-
guages, diverse and sundry kinds of all things. 1688
R. Hotme Armoury u. 68/1 The double Daisies are of
diverse Sorts.
b. 1386 Nodls of Parlt. II. 225/1 The forsaid Nichol ..
ayein the pees, made dyverse enarmynges bi day and eke bi
nyght. 1428 Surtees Misc, (1890) 10 Wele knawen to diverses
gude men of yis cite, 1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. 17 (an. 29)
162 The toune of Acques, in the whiche be diverse hote
bathes. a@1g68 Ascuam Scholem. Pref. (Arb.) 18 Diuerse
Scholers of Eaton be runne awaie from the Schole. 1601
Cuester Loves Martyr titlesp., Collected out of diuerse
Authenticall Records. 1728 Morcan Algiers I. Pref. 6
soars the close of this History and in diverse other parts
of it.
+c. absol. =DIVERS 3c. Obs.
c 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 3638 He..had made diuerse
hale and fere. 1559 W. CUNNINGHAM Cosmogr. Glasse 172
Many perticuler Regions, as Englande. . Denmarke, Greece,
and diverse, unto the number. .of 34. 1568 Grarron Chron.
II. 1309 With the losse of diverse of his company. 1605
Bacon Adv. Learn. i, vi. § 1. 22 [It] hath been excellently
handled by diverse. 1706 H. Maute //ist. Picts in A7isc.
Scot. I. 37 Diverse of our historians attribute this victory to
the valour of the King.
+6. as adv. =DI1VERSELY. Odés.
1708 J. Puiips Cyder 1, The gourd And thirsty cucumber
.. with tendrils creep Diverse. 1729 Pore Dumc. (ed. 2) 1.
“4 His papers light, fly diverse, tost in air.
. Comb, adverbial or parasynthetic, as dzverse-
coloured, -natured, -shaped, etc.
x Biste Fudg. v. 30 (R.) Dyuerse coloured browdered
work. 1606 SHaks. Aut. & Cl. 1. ii. 208 Smiling Cupids,
With diuers coulour’d Fannes. 1697 J. Serceant Solid
Philos. 11 Diverse-natured parts. 1875 W. McItwraiti
Guide Wigtownshire 100 Diverse-shaped parterres.
~ + Diverse, v. Ods. Also 4-6 dyverse (6 fa.
zt. diverst). [a. OF. diverse-r to change, vary,
diversify :—med.L. diversd-re to turn, drive about,
freq. of divertére to Divert, or f. di-, Dis- 1+
versdre to turn about.]
1. trans. To render diverse or different ; to vary,
change, diversify. (Also refl.=7ntr.)
_ 1340 Ayend. 124 Pise uour uirtues..mochel ham diuerseb
ine hire workes. ¢ 1374 Cuaucer 7reylus 11. 1703 (1752) Pe
world with feyth which pat is stable Dyverseth so his
stoundes concordynge. 1 Wyciir Acts xv. 9. ©1400
Lanfranc’s Cirurg, 33t For bis cause pou muste diuerse
pi medicyns. 1530 Patscr. 523/1, 1 dyverse, I make differ-
ence, je Yiversifie. @ 1634 RANDOLPH Amyntas 1v. 9 The
sentence now js past..It cannot be divers’d.
2. intr. To be or grow diverse, different, or varied;
tovary, change, become diyersified; to differ( from).
¢1340 Cursor M. 2262 (Trin.) Her tonges dyuersed fro pat
day. 1382 Wyctir 1 Cor. xv. 41 A sterre diuersith from a
sterre in clerenesse. c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 233. ¢ 1460
DIVERSIFIER.
Fortescue Ads. & Lim. Mon. i. (1885) 109 Ther bith ij
kyndes off kyngdomes. .thai diuersen in that the first kynge
mey [etc.].. The secounde kynge may not rule his peple by
other lawes than such as thai assenten unto. |
3. intr. To tum aside, diverge, be diverted. rare.
1590 Spenser F, Q. 11. iii. 62 The Redcrosse Knight
diverst : but forth rode Britomart. ; ;
Hence Diversed A//. a., diversified, different.
1393 Gower Conf. Prol. I. 3 Men se the world. .In sondry
wyse so diversed. c1q20 Pallad. on Husb. 1. 784 Dyversed
wittes dyversely devyse.
Diversely (di-, daivsusli, dai-vaisli), adv. [f.
Diverse a. + -LY 2.) In a diverse manner, in
a different way; differently, otherwise ; in diverse
ways or directions, variously ; with diversity. See
also DIVERSLY.
@ 1300 [see Diversty 1]. ¢1325 Poen Times Edw. //,
255 In Pol. Songs (Camden) 335 Nu ben theih so degysed
and so diverseliche i-di3t. ¢ 1380 Wyciir Sed. Wks. IT. 432
Pei lyveden diverseliche fro pise newe sects. ¢ 1386 Cuiavcrr
Sgr.’s T. 194 Diuerse folk diuersely [7.7. dyuersly] they
demed. 1485 Caxton Chas. Gt. 1 The helthe of euery
person proceedeth dyuercely, 1526 Frith Déisput., Purga-
tory 167 Infernus, which is diversely taken in Scripture
both for death, for a grave, and for hell. 1690 Locke // 22.
Und. 11. i. (1695) 42 Being surrounded with Bodies, that
perpetually and diversely affect us. 1732 Pork “ss. Wax
1.97 On Life's vast ocean diversely we sail. 1862 Meni-
VALE Rom, Enzp. (1871) V. xl. 23 The seven hills of Rome
have been diversely enumerated.
Dive'rseness. Now rave. Also diversness.
[f. as prec. + -NESS.
1. The quality or state of being diverse ; differ-
ence, diversity, variety.
©1340 Cursor M. 25160 (Fairf.) Wip pis worde ours we
vnderstande al diuersenes of our erande. a1s4x Wyatr
Change in minde in Tottell’s Misc. (Arb.) 37 You, this
diuersnesse that blamen most, Change you no more. 1862
F. Hatt Hindu Philos. Syst. 114 ‘Vhe diverseness of the
condition of souls is owing to the diverseness of their works.
+2. Adverseness, frowardness. Ods. rare.
1580 Barret Adv. F 1154 Waiwardnesse, frowardnesse,
diuersnesse to please, morositas.
Diversi-, combining element, f. L. divers-us
DIVERSE, as in diversicolor, diversicolorus: used
in some English words, chiefly technical, as Diver-
si‘color, Dive'rsicoloured ai/js., of varied colours.
Diversiflorate, Diversiflorous ajs., bearing
flowers of different kinds. Diversifo‘liate, Di-
versifo‘lious adjs., having leaves of different kinds.
Diversipe date «., having varied feet. Diversi-
spo‘rous a., having spores of different kinds.
1756 C. Lucas “ss. Waters 1. 137 It throws up a diversi-
colored pellicle, in which orange appeared to predominate.
1866 Zreas. Bot., Diversifiorous, 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex.,
Diversicolor .. Diversiflorate .. Diverstfoliate .. Diversi-
pedate es ain :
Dive'rsifiable, a. rare. [f. Diverstry +
-ABLE: so in F.] Capable of being diversified.
1674 Boye Grounds Corpusc. Philos. 11 Since a single
particle of matter .. be diversifiable so many ways. @ 1691
— Wks. 1V. 281 (R.) The almost infinitely diversifiable con-
textures of all the small parts.
Hence Diversifiabi-lity.
1871 Earte Philol. Eng. Tongue § 250 They have a
relative diversifiability of states and powers and functions.
+ Dive'rsificate, v. Olds. are. [f. ppl. stem
of med.L. diverstficare (Du Cange) to render unlike,
to Diversiry.] = Diversiry.
1 T. Wricut Passions v. ii. 171. 1622 H. SYDENHAM
Serm, Sol. Occ. (1637) 22 Variety of sounds diversificate
passions, stirring up in the heart many sorts of joy or sad-
nesse according to the nature of tunes.
Diversification (divd:1sifikéi-fan, doi-). [n.
of action f. med.L. diversificdre to DIVERSIFY : cf.
F. diversification (14th c. in Littré).]. The action
of diversifying ; the process of becoming diversi-
fied ; the fact of being diversified ; the production
of diversity or variety of form or qualities.
1603 Hottanp Plutarch’s Mor. 1027 They be passions,
accidents, and Giversifications of elements. 1681 H. Morr
£xp. Dan i. 14 Which diversification .. need not be ex-
pressed. 1776 Jounson Let. to Boswell 16 Nov. in Boswell
Life, Such an effort annually would give the world a little
diversification. 183r Brewster Vat. A/agic xi. (1833) 288
He at first was perplexed about the diversification of the
pattern, 1859 Darwin Orig. Spec. iv. (1872) go In the
Australian mammals, we see the process of diversification
in an early and incomplete stage of development.
b. A diversified condition, form, or structure.
1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man... ii. 305 Animals. .that yet
possibly are not of the same Species, but have accidental
diversifications. 1796 Kirwan Lem. Alin. (ed. 2) 1. 48 The
minuter diversifications are called varieties.
Diversified, #//. a. [f. Diversiry + -ED1.]
Rendered diverse; varied in form, features, or
character; variegated.
1611 Corcr., Bigarré, diversified, varied, mingled, of
many colours. 1669 WoopuEap St. Teresa u. vii. 59 Let
the singing be not in diversifyed notes, but in one and the
same tone. 1799 J. Rosertson Agric. Perth 360 Views of
that charming lake and of the diversified scenery around its
wooded banks. 1878 Huxtry he sac 16 219 Deep-seated
points of agreement among the diversified forms of life.
Dive'rsifier. rare. [f. Diverstry + -ER!.]
One who or that which diversifies.
1894 H. Drummonp Ascent of Man 253 The first moral
and intellectual diversifiers of men are to be sought for in
geography and geology,
DIVERSIFORM.
Diversiflorous, -folious: see DivErst-.
Diversiform (di-, daiva-ssiffim), a. [f. Di-
veusI- + -ForM. So mod.F. diverstforme.] Of
diverse or various forms ; differing in form.
1660 Srantey Hist. Philos. 1x. (1701) 379/2 It is all one. .
if it be called biform or wqualiform or Siversih .
J.G. Witkinson tr. Swedenborg’s Anim. Kingd. Il. ii. 51'To
diminish and enlarge these diversiform ures the
glottis. 188a Fraser's Mag. XXV. 769 The diversiform
“piv of strange superstitions. 7
(divavasifai, dai-), v. [a. OF. diver-
stfie-r (13th c. in Hatz,-Darm.), ad. med.L. diversi-
care to render unlike (Du Cange), f. diversus Di-
VERSE + -ficare vbl. formative, see -FY.]
1. “rans. To render diverse, different, or varied,
in form, features, or qualities ; to give variety or
diversity to ; to variegate, vary, modify.
Caxton Eneydos vi. 24 Bochace..hath transposed or
atte leste dyuersifyed the falle and caas of dydo otherwyse
than wyrnvie. 1541 R. Cortanp Guydon's Quest. Chirurg.,
The bones of the body .. be deuersyfyed in dyuers
maners. 1665 Hooke A/icrogr. 17 This adventitious or
accidental pressure..must diversify the Figure of the in-
cluded heterogeneous fluid. 1704 Pore Windsor For. 145
Swift trouts, diversify’d with crimson stains. 1855 MAcAuLAy
Hist. Eng. U1. 505 ‘The course of parliamentary business
was diversified by.another curious and interesting episode.
+b. To make different, to differentiate from.
1594 Carew /uarte’'s Exam, Wits (1616) 98 Whether it
could haue..beene able to diuersifie them from those who
came with them. 1661 Fectuam Resolves (ed. 8). 1xxxi,
We diversifie our selves from him [God], we fight against
his love. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 409 ® 3 Ways of express-
ing himself which diversify him from all other Authors.
+2. a. intr. or absol. To produce diversity or
variety. b. zutr. (for reff.) Obs.
1481 Caxton Jyrr. mi. xxiv. 189 How nature werketh,
and .. how she dyuersefyeth in euerych of her werkes
a 1680 GLANVILL tr. Fontenelie’s Plurality Worlds (1695) 89
How Nature diversifies in these several Worlds. 1815
Map. D’Arsiay Diary (1846) VII. 222 Prospects eternally
diversifying varied our delighted attention.
Hence Diverrsifying v/. sb. and ff/. a.
1611 Corcr., Bigarrément,a variation, or diversifying, as
in colours. 1753 CuamBers Cycl. Supp., Diversifying, in
rhetoric, is of infinite service to the orator ; it..may fitly be
called the subject of all his tropes and figures. 1837
Pricnarp Phys. Hist. Man.(ed. 3) 11. 226 The diversifying
process. .may have given rise to differences.
Diversi‘loquent, @. rvare—°. [f. Diverst-
+L. loguent-em speaking.] (See quots.)
1656 Biount Glossogr., Diversiloguent, that varieth or
speaks diversly. 1848 Craic, Diversiloguent, speaking
in different ways. Hence in mod. Dicts.
Diversion (divs‘ifen, doi-). [ad. med.L. d-
verstd (vox Medicorum: Du Cange), n. of action
f. L. divertére to Divert. Cf. F. diversion, in
medical use in 13-14th c. (Littré’, in military and
other uses in 16th c., perh. the immediate source
of the English, but not in Cotgr. 1611.]
1. “it. The turning aside (of anything) from its
due or ordinary course or direction ; a turning aside
of one’s course ; deviation, deflection.
1626 Bacon Sy/va § 414 In Retention of the Sap for a time,
and Diversion of it to the Sprouts. 1660 HickERINGILL
Yamaica (1661) 65 This Diversion is somewhat out of our
way to Jamaica. 1871 ‘'yxpatt Fragm. Sc. (1879) IL. i. 2
A diversion of the Rhone. . would. .have been of incalculable
benefit. 1871 L. Steruen Playgr. Eur. x. (1894) 245, L made
adiversion towards the valley. 1872 Yeats Growth Comm.
180 Fearing the diversion of trade. 1883 Nature 8 Mar. 43
Due to its diversion into some other than the usual channel.
+b. Aved. A turning away of the course of the
humours by means of medicinal applications. Ods.
1656 Rivciey Pract. Physick 17 To use diversion, evacua-
tion, and strengthening. 1727-5 Cuampers Cyc/., Diver-
ston in Medicine, the turning of the course or flux of
humours from one part to another, by proper applications.
2. transf. and fig. The turning aside (of any per-
son or thing) from a settled or particular course of
action, an object, or the like.
1600 E. Biounrt tr. Conestaggio 10 Turning all his resolu-
tions upon Affrick ..But this diversion whereunto they per-
swaded the King, was cause of great ruines. 1626 Donne
Serm. Ps. \xiv. 10 A diversion, a deviation, a deflection ..
from this rectitude, this uprightness. 1797 Burke Xegic.
Peace 1. Wks. VIII. 343 If the war has been diverted from
the great object..this diversion was made to encrease the
naval resources and power of Great Britain. 7
+b. A turning aside from the business in hand,
or from one’s regular occupation ; avocation. Oés.
1637 Laub Is. (1857) VI. 37 Considering my many diver-
sions and the little time I contd snatch from other employ-
ment. 1662 Licnrroor Broughton's Wks, Pref. 2.
Marvett Corr. Wks. II. 456 The Lords have agreed for ..
another conference .. these and other diversions withhold
them from proceeding in their Committee of their Test.
e. A turning aside or diverting of the attention.
1667 Decay Chr. Piety ii. ® 7 An artifice of diversion,
a sprout of that first fig-tree which was to hide the naked-
ness of Adam. 1796 Burke Regic. Peace 1. Wks.
VIII. 155 The. .diversion..was the suggestion of a treaty
Edel by the enemy. 1814 Scorr /Wav. iv, Charging
them to e good with their lives an hour's diversion, that
the king might have that space for escape.
3. Mil, Amancewvyre to draw off the enemy’s atten-
tion from the operation on which they are engaged,
by a movement or attack in an unexpected quarter.
1647 CLarenvon //ist. Red. 1. § 88 The forces .. which
were raised to make a diversion in Scotland. 1659 B. Harris
|
|
550
Parival’s Iron Age 45 The Prince .. bethought himself ..
of sending his brother to Venlo, so to make a_ powerfull
diversion. _180r WrtuncTon in Gurw. Desf. 1. 299 M
determination is to make the most powerful diversion whi
may be practicable on the coasts of the Red Sea.
4. spec. The turning away of the thoughts, atten-
tion, etc., from fatiguin, g or sad occupations, with
implication of pleasurable excitement; distraction,
recreation, amusement, entertainment.
1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto's Trav. xliv. 174 My long indis-
ition .. hath great need of some diversion. 1671 Lapy
fary Bertie in 12th Rep. Hist, MSS. Comm. App. V. 22,
I..am glad you had so good diversion in drawing valentine.
1706 Estcourt Fair Examp.u. ii, Will you allow her no
Diversion? 1710 Steee 7atler No. be hoy Diversion, which
is a kind of forgetting our selves, is but a mean Way of
Entertainment. 1814 Jane Austen Mans/. Park xvii, All
were finding employment in consultations..or diversion in
the playful conceits they suggested.
b. with a and #/. An amusement, entertainment,
sport, pastime.
1648 Evetyn Diary 5 Feb., Saw a Tragie-comedy acted in
the Cockpit, after there had been none of these diversions
for many years during the warr. 172§ De For Voy. round
World (1840) 254 If wild and uncouth places be a diversion
to you, I promise your curiosity shall be fully gratified.
1843 Lytron Last Bar. 1. i, Open spaces for the popular
games and diversions. 1875 J. Curtis Hist. Eng. 154
Among the in-door diversions were draughts, chess, etc.
ce. Comb. as diverston-monger.
1744 Exiza Heywoop Female Spect. (1748) 1. 212 Our di-
version-mongers..every day contriving new entertainments.
+ 5. Diverse condition, diverseness. Ods. rare.
14... Wyxtoun Chron. (ed. Laing) II. 166 (Wemyss MS.)
For diversion [v. rv. syndrynes] of thar changeing.
Dive'rsi ,a.rare—', [f. prec. +-ary'.]
Pertaining or tending to a diversion ; divertive.
1846 Lanpor Wks. I]. 179 What a farce in the meanwhile
is the diversionary talk about the abolition of the slave-trade !
Diversitude. are. [f. Diversk a] =
next.
1870 E. Mutrorp Nation xviii. 344 No diversitude in
thought and action.
Diversity (diva-usiti, dai-). Also 4-6 -te(e,
4-5 dyverste. [a. OF. diverseté, diversité (12th
c. in Hatz.-Darm.) difference, oddness, wickedness,
perversity :—L. diversttat-em contrariety, disagree-
ment, difference, f. diversus DIVERSE.]
1. The condition or quality of being diverse, dif-
ferent, or varied; difference, unlikeness.
a130 Hampoce Psalter cl. 4 Pai sown all samyn in acor-
dandist dyuersite. ¢ 1386 Cuavcer Max of Law's T. 122
‘Ther was swich diwersitie Bitwene hir bothe lawes.
1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg. 32 Alle bese ben dyverse, after
pe dyverste of here cause. 1494 Fasyan Chron. u. xlv. 29
The dyuersytie of that one from y‘ other. 1§30 Parser. 76
Dyversite of gendre is expressed onely in pronownes of the
thirde persone. 1614 Raveicu Hist. World u. xxii. § 9
Diversitie of circumstance may alter the case. 1628 T.
Spencer Logick 240 A discrete Axiome is then framed
according to Art, when the partes of it doe dissent by diver-
sitie, not as opposites. ed tr. Burgersdicius his Logic 1.
xxi. 81 Diversity is that affection by which things are dis-
tinguished one leven the other. And is either real, rational,
or modal. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. 5 Through that diversity
of members and interests, general liberty had as many
securities as there were separate views in the several orders.
1882 Farrar Early Chr. 1. 247 Unity does not exclude
diversity—nay more, without diversity there can be no true
and perfect unity. . aA
b. with a and £/. An instance of this condition
or quality; a point of unlikeness; a difference,
distinction ; a different kind, a variety.
1340 Hamrote Prose 77. (1866) 35 3it es per a dyuersite
by-twyx gastely and bodily dedis. 1481 Caxton Myrr. 1. xiv.
45 In the persones ben so many dyuersetees, & facions not
lyke. 1665 Ray Vlora 1. vii. 42 The White lily affordeth
three diversities, two besides the common kind, 1731 Pore
Ep. Burlington 84 A waving Glow the bloomy beds display,
Blushing in bright diversities of on. 1811 PinkKERTON
Petrad. 1, 386 The colours being mere! 7 regarded as varie-
ties: though some, from their rarity and singularity. ought
rather to form diversities. 1859 Mut Liderty iii. (1865)
39/2 People have diversities of taste. ; :
+c. Divers manners or sorts; a variety. Ods.
1382 Wycuir Exod. xxxi. 5 Forgid of gold, and of siluer..
dyuerste L388 dyuersite] of trees, — /s. xliv. 15 The
do3ter of the King..in gold h b wrappid
with diuersitees [circumamicta varietatibus), 1610 SUAKs.
Temp. V. i, 234
sounds, all horrib!
2. Law. (See quot.)
1848 Warton Law Lex., Diversity, a plea vy a prisoner
in bar of execution, alleging that he is not the same who was
attainted ; upon which a jury is .. impanelled to try the
collateral issue thus raised, viz., the identity of the person.
+38. Contrariety to what is agreeable, good, or
right; perversity, evil, mischief. Ods.
1483 Caxton G. de la Tour F vij, This quene..made unto
the le grete dyuersytees [wroult de diversites). ¢ 1485
Dis PMyat. (1882) 11. 1308 Wethyr it be good ar ony
deversyte.
1513 Brapsnaw St. Werburge 1. 2395 In all his
realine was no Qyacrayse, Malyce was subdued. 1523 Lp.
Berners Frviss, I, xvii. 18 They carey with them no cartis
. for y* diversities [Fr. diversités] of y* mountaignes.
+ Diversive, 2. Obs. [f. L. divers-, ppl. stem
of divertére to Divert: see -1vE.] Tending to
divert or cause diversion ; divertive.
1693 Ment. Cut. Teckely 1. 103 Contenting themselves with
oy pillaging, did ing diversive, 1704 tr. Boccalini’s
Adv, fr. Parnass. 1. 274 That Cankar, which her Enemies
term’d a Diversive Issue.
Roring, shreeking .. And mo diuersitie of
le.
DIVERT. :
+ Diversi-volent, «. Os. rare. [f. Divensi-
+L. volent-em wishing.] Desiring strife or dif-
ferences. 3
1612 Wesster White Devil m. i. Peel
hed and di 1 Ibid. 5
volent lawyer, mark him.
Diversly (dai-vaizli*, adv. [f. Divers a. +
~LY +. Formerly not distinguishable from diversely.]
1. In divers ways, variously ; formerly, Differently,
Diversey (of which this was a common spelling
before 1700) ; in some recent writers = In several or
sundry ways.
a@1300 Cursor M. oi (Cott.) pis tale .. Mani telles
diuersli [ai7/. diuerseli] For pai find diuers stori. c 1384
Cuaucer H. Fame ui. 810 Somme folke have desired fame
Diversly. Lancu. 7’. PL C. xvi. 79 Alle we ben
brethren pauh we be diuersliche clopede. 1526 ‘TinpaLe
Heb. i. 1 God in tyme past diversly and many wayes [etc.].
1594 Srenser A moretti liv, Disguysing diuersly my trou
wits. 1614 Rateicn //ist. World u, iii. § 6 Divers have
dive’ set downe the forme of the Hebrew yeare.
Horn & Ros. Gate Lang. Uni. xiv. § 669 Stubborn enemies
..are torn in peeces of horses, diversly driven. 1791-1823
D'Israeui Cur. Lit., Fews of York, y flew diversly in
great consternation. a 1834 Coterince Confess. Enguir.
Spirit iii. (1853) 64 One spirit, working diversly, now
awakening strength, and now glorifying itself in weakness.
[See Author's Vofe.] 1881 Swixsurne Mary Stuart m. i.
112 Men's minds Are with affections diversly distraught.
+2. [=OF. diversement.] Wickedly, evilly, per-
versely. Obs. rare.
1523 Lp. Bexners /roiss. I. vi. 4 This sayd kyng, gouerned
right diuersly his realme by y* exortacion of Sir Hewe
44 This de-
7 Your diversi-
h
Spencer.
Diversness, obs. var. of DIVERSENESS,
+ Dive , 50, Obs. [ad. L. di-, properly
déverséri-um, \odging-place, inn, f. déwertére to
turn aside, turn in, resort, lodge: cf. OF. diversotre
(12th c.), It. diversorio ‘an Inne, an hostery.’
See Deversary.] A place to which one tums in
by the way; a temporary lodging-place or shelter.
c1q10 Love Bonavent. Mirr. vi. (Gibbs MS.), A comun
place..pat was heled aboune men for to stonde pere for be
reyne & was icleped a dyuersorie, 1615 Cuarman Odyss.
x1V. 536 Since the man..In my stall, as his diversory, stay’d.
1681 tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Diversory,a divert-
ing place, or a place to turn of one side out of the way.
Dive'rsory, 2. vare—°. [f. L. divers- ppl.
stem of divertére to Divert + -ory.] Serving
to divert, divertive.
1864 in Wesster. (Cent. Dict. cites NortH.)
Divert (divsut, dai-), v. Also 6 dyvert(e.
[a. OF. divertir (14-15th c. in Hatz.-Darm.) =It.
divertire, Sp. divertir, ad. L. divertére to turn in dif-
ferent directions, tum out of the way, with which -
is also blended L. déwertére to turn away or aside.]
1. “rans. To turn aside (a thing, as a stream, etc.)
from its ( gs pail direction or course; to deflect
(the course of something); to turn from one des-
tination or object /o another. -
1 Hat Chron., Hen. 1V (an. 9) 28 b, They heryng
potty were diverted to the partes of Britayn. 1649
Mitton Eikon. xxii, [Since] it was proclaim'd that no man
should conceal him, he diverted his course. Wauisin
Pepys’ Diary V1. 209 The old Channel .. for diverting the
‘Thames whilst London Bridge was building. 1709 Appison
Tatler No. 161 ? 8 My Eyes were soon diverted from this
Prospect. 1794 SuLtivan View Nat. IL. 28 We read of
irons, which bei
° services.
1873 Act 36-7 Vict.c.83 Preamb., To make good to the said
1541 —Guydon's Quest.C. drurgApplyed- —
res of women.
dea
ryall . Pl. Il. 282
Which way soever I divert my selfe Thou seemst to follow
1656 Srantey Hist. Philos. w. (1701)
143/ He [Bion] > og eg Philosophy. 5
y ‘o turn aside out of one’s
rpose by any waydiuerte. — Thebes 1.(R. He] List not
once pork to ainect But kept bis way. ALL Chron.,
they the marches
Rich. 11, (an. 3) 46 That w i
vet should di oand take the mint ware Ste eae
eLyn Di 1 Sept. returned, I dive
be one af the Prince's a3 M 1. Journ.
‘erus. 33 We diverted a little out of the way to see it. 1774
. Haruwax Anal. Rom. Law (1795) . 23 Studies. .
from which loslas Disp. ( ays pricey et =
isp. (1 41 in
plan A Pi scot ity fave pros tion of my orders.
1895 W. Munk Life Sir H. Halford 10 He..was bred to
physic, but he diverted to the diplomatic line.
+b. To withdraw oneself, separate from; to
part. (Also ref.) Ods. rare.
e1gss Harrsriety Divorce Hen. VIIT (1878) 293 The
DIVERT.
King might divert and divorce himself from Queen
Katherine. 1604 R. Caworey Tadle Alph. (1613), Divert,
turne from to another. 1705-14 Forses in M. P. Brown
Suppl. Decis. (1824) V. 60 (am) In case they should divert,
and live separately. , :
3. trans. (transf. and fig.) To turn aside the
course or tendency, or interrupt the progress, of
(an action, design, feeling, etc.); to avert, ward
off; turn in another direction.
1548 Haut Chron., Hen. VI (an. 38) 174 [They] studied to
divert and turne from them, all mischief or infortunitie.
1599 SHaxs. Hen. V, 1. Prol. 15 The French. .Seeke to
ert the English purposes, 1649 Mitton /ikon. xi. 110
Which Omen ..God hath not diverted. 1732 Porr Ef.
Bathurst 5x Could France. .divert our brave designs? 1862
Sir B. Bropie Psychol. /ng. II. ii. 70 Persevering labour,
not diverted from one object to another. rag babar Short
Hist, vi. § 4. 303 The indignation of the New Learning
was diverted to more practical ends. .
+ 4. (?) To turn awry, or away from the straight.
Obs. rare.
1606 Suaxs. 7%. § Cr. 1. iii. 99 Frights, changes, horrors,
Diuert, and cracke, rend and deracinate The vnity, and
married calme of States Quite from their fixure. ;
5. To draw off (a person) from a particular
course, design, etc.; to cause (the mind, attention,
etc.) to turn from one channel fo another; to distract.
¢ 1600 SHaks, Sonn. cxv, Time whose milliond accidents. .
Diuert strong mindes to the course of altering thinges.
1667 Mitton P. ZL. 1x. 814 Other care.. May have diverted
from continual watch Our great Forbidder. 1704 Hearne
Duct. Hist. (1714) 1. 397 Presently after which Augustus
was diverted by a Revele of the Armenians. 1782 Cowrer
Let. 11 Nov., Less. profitable amusements divert their
attention. 1853 C. Bronte Villetfe xi, She had an im-
portant avocation..to fill her time, divert her thoughts, and
divide her interest. 1874 L. SterHen Hours in Library
(1892) I. i. 5 People are diverted from the weak part of the
story by this ingenious confirmation.
b. AMz?.: see DIVERSION 3.
1600 E. Brount tr. Conestaggio 309 To divert the
Spanish forces. 1665 MAntey Grotins’ Low C. Warres
596 It was necessary first to divert the Enemy to some
other part.
6. To draw away from fatiguing or serious occu-
pations ; pleasurably to excite the mind or attract
the attention ; to entertain, amuse.
1662 J. Davies tr. Oleartus’ Voy. Ambass. 278 Paste and
Sugar..which were brought to the Table, rather to divert
the Eye, than to sharpen the Appetite. 1709 STEELE
Tatler No. 106 ®1, I had neither Friends or Books to
divert me. 1858 HawtHorne /. & /t. ¥rudls. 1. 259 The
people .. seemed much diverted at our predicament.
b. ref. To entertain, amuse, recreate oneself;
to give oneself to diversion. Now rare.
1660 R. Coxe Fustice Vind. 12 When they are alone, and
seek company to divert themselves, so to elude the length
of time. c1665 Mrs. Hutcuinson Mem. Col. Hutchinson
22 He..often diverted himself with a viol. 1719 De For
Crusoe (1840) I. xi. 182, I used frequently to visit my boat
..sometimes I went out in her to divert myself. 1800 J/ed.
Frul. LV. 285 (He] was diverting himself with some of his
companions at the rural diversion of hop, spring, and leap.
te. intr. (for ref.) =prec. Obs. rare.
1670 G. H. Hist. Cardinals u. 11. 177 He apply'd himself
to divert amongst other young men, rather than to converse
amongst books,
+7. trans. To cause (time) to pass pleasantly ;
to while away. Ods.
1707 J. Stevens tr. Quevedo's Com. Wks. (1709) 214 They
diverted theAfternoon playing at All-Fours. 1726 SHELVocKE
Voy, round World tapes 395, I urged that..going to
California would divert our time. _1773 Mrs. CHApone
Improv. Mind (1774) 1, How trifling is the talent of divert-
ing an idle hour.
Hence Diverted A//. a.
1600 Suaks. A. Y, L. u, iii. 37, I rather will subiect me
to the malice Of a diuerted bl and bloudie brother. 1608
Cuapman Byron's 7 rag. w. Wks. 1873 I1. 278 Their diverted
ears, Their backs turned tous. 1812 L. Huntin Examiner
7 Dec. 771/t How is he to hold the balance with diverted
eyes, and a hand that is trembling with passion ?
iverter. [f. prec.+-ER1!.] One who or
that which diverts: see the verb.
16ar-5r Burton Anat. Mel. u. ii. w. 282 "Tis the best
Nepenthe, surest cordiall, sweetest alterative, present’st
diverter. 1661 Watton Angler (ed. 3) 42 Angling was..
A rest to his mind, a cheerer of his spirits, a diverter [ed. 1
divertion] of sadness. 1727 Philip Quaril 204 Seeing his
beloved Diverters carrying away by those Birds of Prey,
he runs in for his Bow. J/od. A diverter of young people.
Dive'rtible, a rare. [f. L. divert-cre to
Divert + -IBLE.] Able or liable to be diverted.
Hence Divertibi‘lity, capability of being di-
verted. : $
1881 Fair Trade Cry 11 The divertibility of trade is proved
by its diversion,
Diverrticle. Os. Also 7 -icule. [ad. L.
diverticul-um: see below. In F. diverticule.]
1. A byway or bypath ; a turning out of the main
way or straight course. Also fig.
1570-6 Lamparpe Perambd, Kent (1826) 234 Neither of
them standeth in the full sweepe..of those oo, but in
a diverticle, or by way. 1634 T. Jounson Parey's Chirurg.
11, (1678) 37 The first entrance..is not streight, but full
of many diverticles and crooked paths. 1677 Gate Crt,
Gentiles 1. 55 Who made the heart, and knows al the diver-
ticules or turnings and windings of it. 1782 T. Warton
Hist, Kiddington 52 (T.), I suspect there was a diverticle
of the Akeman shooting from Whichwood towards Idbury.
2. =DIverticuLuM 2.
1847 Craic, Diverticle .. in Anatomy, any hollow append-
551
age which belongs to and communicates with the cavity of
the intestinal canal, and terminates in a czd-de-sac.
Diverti-cular, «. [f. L. diverticul-um: see
below and -ar!.] <Pertaining to or of the nature
of a diverticulum.
1849-52 Topp Cycl. Anat. 1V. 847/1 A left gall-bladder..
is [a] diverticular production of the gall-duct. 1878 Bex
Gegenbaur’s Comp. Anat. 49 A diverticular outgrowth,
Diverti‘culate, a. [f. next + -are *.] l'ro-
vided with a diverticulum. Also, in same sense,
Diverti‘culated a.
1870 RoLteston Anim. Life 130 The diverticulate portion
of the digestive tract.
| Diverticulum (doivaitikivlim). Pl. -a.
[L. d7- deverticulum a byway, bypath, deviation,
wayside shelter or lodging; f. devertére to turn
down or aside, f. Dr- I. 1 + vertere to turn.]
+1. A byway ; a way out, means of exit. Obs.
1647 W. Stronc Trust 4 Acc. Steward 19 Some..love
diverticulaes and turne aside unto crooked waies. 1695
Woonwarp Nat. Hist. Earth it. § 13 (1723) 159 Were
it not for these Diverticula, whereby it [fire] thus gains
an Exit, 'twould..make greater Havock than now it doth,
2. Asmaller side-branch of any cavity or passage;
in Anat. applied usually to a blind tubular process ;
in Pathol. to a malformation having this character.
1819 /antologia, Diverticulum, a mal-formation or dis-
eased appearance of intestine, in which a portion of in-
testine goes out of the regular course of the tube. 1822
in Crass Technol, Dict. 1871 Darwin Desc. Man 1. i.
27 ‘The cecum is a branch or diverticulum of the intestine,
ending in a cul-de-sac. 1880 Mivarr in Contemp. Rez.
285 ‘The South Pacific, of which all other oceans and seas
may he regarded as diverticula or reaches.
|| Divertimento (dévertzme'nto). Pl. -ti‘-t7,
-tos, ([It.=diversion, pastime, pleasure.] + a.
Diversion, amusement. Ods. b. A/us, = DIVER-
TISSEMENT 2.
1759 Gotpsm. Polite Learn, iii. (Globe) 425/2 Where..
abbés turned shepherds, and shepherdesses without sheep
indulge their innocent divertimenti! 1823 Spirit Pud.
Frnuis. (1824) 198 Haydn composed..20 divertimentos for
various instruments. 1880 Grove Dict. Mus., Diverti-
mento, a term employed for various pieces of music. 1887
Atheneum g Apr. 489/3 (Stanf.) We find five large serenades
and divertimenti for wind instruments. :
Dive'rting, vbl. sb. [-1NG1.] The action
of the verb Divert; diversion. Also a/fr7b.
r61r Frorio, Dinertita, a diuerting, a remouing. «a 1612
Donne Braéas arog (1644) 213 All darke and dangerous Se-
cessions and divertings into points of our Freewill, and of
Gods Destiny. 1617 Hirron I/‘%s. II. 237 ‘Vo obtaine of
God the diuerting or turning by of some great iudgements.
1681 [see Diversory sd.]. 1895 Daily Chron. 19 Jan. 5/5
The diverting of the water to the old workings.
Dive'rting, /7/. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG *.] That
diverts or turns aside; distracting; amusing.
1651 Baxter /uf. Bapt. 224 ‘Vo thrust in mens names and
words..was unseasonable and diverting. 1700 S. L. tr.
C. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 163 ‘Their Comedies .. are very
diverting. 1782 Cowrer (fi//e) The Diverting History of
= Gilpin. 87x Mortey Voltaire (1886) 144. 1878
. H. Gisss Ombre 1 Ombre .. the most diverting .. of
games,
Hence Dive'rtingly adv.; Dive'rtingness.
1697 CoLtier Jmmor. Stage Vi.'1730) 168 The Divertingness
of it. xgor Stryre Life Aylmer xiv. (R.), He. .then added,
divertingly, that this argument therefore arose of wrong
understanding the word. 1837 /vaser’s Mag. XV. 339 Her
sensibility appears to be strangely—we had almost said
divertingly—acute. woe
+ Divertise, v. O0ts. Also 7 -ize. [f. F. dz-
vertzss- lengthened stem of dvertir to Divert: cf.
advertise, and see -ISE. Stressed by Bailey dzve'7-
tise; Johnson has diverte'se.]
1. ¢rans. =Divert 1 b.
1597 Lowe Chirurg. (1634) 338 Let it [the ulcer] bleed
well, to divertize the fluxion.
2. To distract the attention of: to draw off; =
DIveERt 5.
1648 Evetyn Mem, (1857) II. 17 If the army were but
conveniently divertised, both this city and the adjacents to
it would be so associate as [etc.]. 1652 J. Wricur tr.
Camus’ Nat. Paradox 161 Every one’s attentions were
divertised according to their different inclinations. E
3. To entertain, amuse; =Diverr 6. Chiefly
vefl.: To enjoy oneself, make merry.
16s1 tr. De-las-Coveras’ Don Fenise 32 The ordinary
entertaines wherewith I divertised my selfe. 1671 tr.
Frejas’ Voy. Mauritania 63 The King .. bad him take
care to divertise me. 1673 WycHertey Gentl. Danc.
Master 1, ii, I think we hat better. .divertise the gentle-
man at cards till it be ready. 1696 Auprey J/isc. (1721)
62 Sir Roger L’Estrange was wont to divertise himself
with Cocking in his Father's Park. fl
Hence Divertising f/. a., entertaining, amusing.
1655 Theophania 84 His h (was] so divertising.
1667 Perys Diary 28 May, To hear the nightingale and
other birds, and here fiddles, and there a harp, and here
a Jew’s trump, and here laughing, and there fine people
walking, is mighty divertising. 1694 Crowne Married
Beau. 5 The compliment is not divertising.
Divertisement (divsutizmént). arch, [ad.
F. divertissement (15th c.) action of diverting,
diversion, f. dvertiss-: see prec. and -MEN’.]
1. The action of diverting or fact of being di-
verted ; recreation, entertainment, = DIVERSION 4.
1651 Hopes Govt. & Soc. Ep. Ded., Some for divertise-
ment, and some for businesse, 1719 Lonpon & Wise
- DIVEST.
Compl, Gard, 287 Nature now affect[s] no better divertise-
ment than to be amazing us with Miracles of rua i 1854
J. 5S. C. Asporr Nafoleon (1855) I. i. 21 He left the bat and
the ball. .and in this strange divertisement found exhilarat-
ing joy. 1894 J. Winsor Cartier to Frontenac 200 Half
trader, half explorer, wholly bent on divertisement.
2. with a and Z/. An instance of this; an enter-
tainment, amusement ; = DIVERSION 4 b.
1642 Howe t Jor. Trav, xix. (Arb.) 80 In this variety of
studies and divertisments. 1707 Loud. Gaz. No. 4314/3
There will be .. Foot-Matches, and other Divertisements.
1801 Strutt Sports & Past. 1. iv. 187 The juggler’s exhi-
bition ..consists of four divertisements. 1865 M. Pattison
Ess. (1889) 1. 352 The divertisements of his leisure.
b. = DIVERTISSEMENT 2.
1667 Perys Diary 7 Jan., A most excellent play in all
respects, but especially in divertisement, though it bea deep
tragedy. 1803 din. Rev. 11. 180. 1822 ‘I’. Moore Jem.
(1853) III. 314 ‘Too late for the divertisement in the
opera.
| Dive'rtissant, 2. O/s. Also 8 divertisant.
[F. divertissant, pr. pple. of divert? to DIvERt.]
Diverting, entertaining, | leasing.
1645 Evetyn Diary 31 Jan., One of the most divertissant
and considerable vistas in the world. 1664 — Sylva (1679)
27 ‘These sweet, and divertissant Plantations. 1730-6
3AtLEY (folio), Diver’ tisant, diverting.
|| Divertissement ((l’vertismai. [F. = di-
version, also ‘a ballet-interlude, piece of music for
several instruments’ (Littré).]
1. An entertainment ; = DIVERTISEMENT 2,
1804 din. Rev. V. 86 The whole party..were called
upon to repeat the divertissement in a more public..
manner. 1816 Byron in Moore £7/e (1832) III. 328 (Stanf.)
All kinds of concerts and divertissements on every canal of
this aquatic city. 1887 /’a// Alall G 23 Sept. 3/1 Novels,
tales, and adventures of every kind. It is by these diver-
tissements that the taste for reading is first developed.
2. A kind of ballet; a short ballet or other enter-
tainment given between acts or longer pieces (=F.
entracte); formerly also a piece of music contain-
ing several movements.
c1728 Eart or Aitespury J/em. (1890) 710 She hath
nothing in her head but plays, operas, and all divertisse-
ments, 1794 Matnuias 29s, Lit. (1798) 257 Messrs. Fox,
Sheridan, and Grey, are preparing a new Serious Diver-
tissement, or Pas de ‘l'rois, with new scenes, dresses, and
decorations, called, ‘ Le Directotre Executif’. 1840 Moor
Lalla hk. Pref. (1850) 14, I must not omit to notice the
splendid Divertissenrent founded upon it. 1880 Grove
Dict. Mus., Divertissement, a kind of short ballet..Also a
pot-pourri or piece on given motifs... The term is no longer
used. 1888 /vures 26 June 12/2 Advt., The new grand
spectacular ballet divertissement.
Divertive (diva tiv, dai-), @ Now rare. [f.
Divert + -IVE; cf. It. dévertivo (Florio).] Tend-
ing to divert ; having the property of diverting or
producing diversion; distractive; amusing, enter-
taining.
1598 FLorio, Dinertinva, diuertiue or remouing. Guerra
diuertiua, diuertiue war, 166x FrettHam Nesolves (ed. 8)
11. xxi, By reason of. .the divertive crowd of other occasions,
Rich men haue not leisure. 1670 E. R. Animadv. Glan-
wills Ne Plus Ultra 7 Something socharming and divertive
in this discourse. 1707 J. Jounson Clergym. Vade M, App.
xii, Several Inscriptions that are Real, but Jocular and
Divertive. 1831 Fraser's Mag. 111. 28 Greatly divertive
to the inward man.
+ Divertment. 0s. [-mest?.] Diversion.
1613-18 Daniet Coll. Hist. Eng. (1626) 83 ‘The prose-
uution .. thereof was neyther by him or his successors
(hauing other diuertments) euer throughly accomplished.
1635 A. Starrorp Fem, Glory (1869) 116 ‘The manifold
divertments incident to your Sexe.
|| Dives (dai-vzz). [L. dives rich, a rich man.]
1. The Latin word for ‘rich (man)’, occurring
in the Vulgate, Luke xvi; whence commonly taken
as the proper name of the rich man in that parable ;
and used generically for ‘rich man’. Hence
Di-vesdom, the condition of being a ‘ Dives’.
¢ 1386 CHauceR Sompn. T. 169 Lazar and diues lyueden
diuersly. 1393 Lanoi. P. P72. C. 1x. 279 Diues for hus
delicat lyf to be deuel wente. 1493 H. Parker (¢i¢/e) Diues
and Pauper. 1588 Lupron (¢///e) A Dreame of the Deuill
and Diues. 1614 T. Apams Devil's Banguet 281 Euery
one had rather be a Diues, then a Diuus: a rich sinner, then
a poore Saint. 1640 Bastwick Lord Bs. vi. F b, Doe not
our Diveses, our rich Lord Prelates..goe in their Purple,
Satten, Velvet? 1848 THackeray Van, Fair \vii, There
must be rich and poor, Dives says, smacking his claret.
1891 Pall Mali G. 6 Oct. 7/2 Pleading and entreating with
the Christian Diveses, of which the land is so full, for the
tiny Lazarus lying hard by their gate.
1882 Besant A// Sorts xxviii, Pauperdom, Divesdom,
taxes, and all kinds of things. :
2. Law. Dives costs: costs on the higher scale.
Under an old practice of the Court of Chancery, a plaintiff
who sued i forma pauperis (and who therefore if he failed
in his action could not be condemned to pay the defendant’s
costs) was sometimes, in case the action was successful,
allowed to recover from the defendant only ‘pauper costs’,
which were costs taxed on a low scale ; while in other cases
he was allowed to recover what by way of contrast were
called ‘dives costs’, taxed on the ordinary scale.
1849 Consol. Orders in Chancery x\. 5 Such costs shall
be taxed as dives costs unless the Court shall otherwise
direct. 1885 Sir C. S. C. Bowen in Law Rep. 14 Q. Bench
Div. 870 In 1701 Lord $ llowed a pauper ‘dives
costs’, that is, costs like other suitors. /6id. 871.
Divest (divest, dai-), v. [A refashioning,
after L. analogies, of earlier Devest from French.
OF, desvesti7, through its later form devestir, gave
DIVEST. -
devest immediately, while its medizeval latinization
disvestire, rectified to divestire (after ancient L.
divell&re, divertére, etc.) has given divest, and this,
through the general preference for the Latin over
the French forms of the prefixes has supplanted
devest, except in legal use, where both are found.]
1. ¢vans. To unclothe, undress, disrobe ; to strip
of clothing, or of any covering, ornament, etc.
1583-1809: see Devest 1, 2.] 1795-1814 Worpsw.
i xcursion Vi. 161 A leafy grove Discoloured, then divested.
1847 Dickens Haunted M, ii, Divesting herself of her out-
of-door attire. 1859 Lana Wand. Jndia 327 Having
divested himself of the dust with which he was covered.
1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirl. 1. 32 Some of the Gothic win-
dows had been divested of their tracery. :
2. fig. To strip (a person or thing) of possessions,
rights, or attributes; to denude, dispossess, deprive;
less usually in good sense, to free, rid.
[1563-1686 : see Devest 3.] 1648 Hunting of Fox 36 A
eirvgigy | Faction. .hath divested him of all his Rights.
1769 E. Bancrort Nat. //ist, Guiana 136 [Monkeys] are
frequently tamed .. but they can never be divested of a
mischievous disposition. 1818 Jas. Mit Brit. /ndia 1.1.
v. 204 Divesting him of the government, 1882 Farrar Early
Chr. II. 105 He divests them of their antithetical character.
b. refl. To divest oneself of: to strip or dispos-
sess oneself of; to put off, throw off, lay aside,
abandon, rid oneself of.
1605 Suaks. Lear t. i. 50 Now we will diuest vs both of
Rule, Interest of Territory, Cares of State. 1767 Biack-
STONE Comm. II. vy. 70 He agreed to divest himself of this
undoubted flower of his crown. 1823 Kesie Serne. iii.
(1848) 66 Divesting ourselves, for a moment, of all impres-
sions received from other kinds of evidence. 1856 Dove
Logic Chr. Faith v. i, § 2. 300 We have a moral nature from
which we cannot divest ourselves.
3. To put off (clothes, or anything worn or repre-
sented as worn); to lay aside, abandon. Now rare.
(1366-1765 : see Devest 4.] 1639 G. Danter I eric. 708,
I endeavour To put of Man, and firailtie to divest. 1673
Lady's Call. u. § 4 P 10. Knowing how hardly we can
divest our voluptuousness and ambition. 1835 BrowNinc
Paracelsus 1. 23, 1 will divest all fear. ;
4. Law. To take away (property, etc., vested in
any one) ; to alienate, convey away; =])EVEST 5.
(1574-1848: see Drvest 5.] 1789 Durnford & East's
Law Rep. 111. 467 The assignees putting his mark on them
could not divest the consignors right. 1818 Cruise Digest
(ed. 2) xxxv. xiii. § 5 No estate or interest can be barred by
a fine, unless it is divested out of the real owner, either
before the fine is levied, or by the operation of the fine
itself. 1845 SteeneN Comm. Laws Eng. (1874) I. 145 The
property of a bankrupt is..made liable to be divested from
him and distributed.
© catachr. To vest, invest.
1638 Sir ‘TV. Hexsert 77av. (ed. 2) 343 When Apollo
divests himselfe in his most ardent splendour. a 1662
Hevun Hist. Preshyt. (1670) 333 That authority which was
divested by God in His Majesty's person.
Hence Dive'sting vé4/. sb., Dive'sted ff/. a.
The latter is found loosely used for: Devoid of.)
171z Pripeaux Direct, Ch.-wardens (ed. 4) 80 This would
he a Divesting of themselves. 1742 Mem. Lady H, Butler
II. 184, 1.. was entirely divested of the vanity of wishing to
shine in borrowed ornaments. 1815 W. H. IReLanp
Scribbleomania 308 note, By no means divested of a literary
talent at retort.
+ Dive:st, pa. pple. Short for DIVESTED. rare.
a1679 Lp. Orkery //erod Gt. iv, As those who bore them
..Seem'd, by their Looks, of more than Life divest.
Dive'stible, 2. rave. [f. Divest v.: see -BLE.]
Capable of being divested.
1648 Boye Seraph. Love i, (1700) 2 Liberty being too
high a Blessing to be divestible of that nature by circum-
stances, eet
Dive'stitive, «. [f.as next: see -1vE.] Hay-
ing the property or function of divesting.
180a-12 Bentuam Ration. Fudic. Evid. (1827) 1. 43
Ablative, or say divestitive facts. 1832 Austin Veris, ”.
(1879) IL. lv. 914. 1875 Poste Gaius 1. Introd. (ed. 2) 3
Title..is a fact Investitive or Divestitive of Rights and
Obligations. | F P
vestiture (dive-stitiiiz, dai-). Also 7 de-,
[f. mod.L. divestit- ppl. stem of divestire to Di-
vest: cf. zzvestiture, and see -URE. Cf. F. déves-
titure.| The act of divesting.
1. Deprivation of a possession or right; dispos-
session; alienation: see DIVEST 2, 4.
r60r Br. W. Bartow Defence Aiij b, By the divestiture of
the accusers from their places. ps ba Br. Hatt Efise. u.
xv, He is sent away without remedy with a devestiture
from his pretended orders. 1794 Mrs. Piozzi Synon. 1. 146
Proud honour that shrinks from the idea of divestiture.
1883 Lp. Craicuiit in Law Rep. 9 App. Cases 312/2 ‘There
was only a conditional divestiture of the truster,
2. Putting off of clothing ; also fig.
1820 Lama /ia Ser. 1. Christ's Hosp. 35 Years Ago, The
effect of this divestiture. 1875 Licurroor Comm, Cod. ii.
15 The awéxdvors..is a divestiture of the powers of evil,
a liberation from the dominion of the flesh.
[f Divesr
Divestment (dive'stmént, doi-).
+ -MENT.] The action of divesting or state of
being divested ; divestiture. F
(1647 see Devestmenr. 1664 H. More Ayst. /nig. 407
‘Their Devestment of all Political Power.) 1756 Rictarpson
Corr, (1804) Il. 92. a1831 A. Knox Rem. (1844) 1. 99 ‘The
Apostle .. would that we have poverty amidst our riches,
and divestment in the midst of our possessions. M, J.
Rovtn in Burgon Lives 12 Gd, Men (1888) I. 101 To effect
the divestment of a body thus bound.
552
Divesture (dive'stii, dai-\, 5d. [f Divesr +
-URE: cf, also DevesturE.] ‘The act of divesting ;
putting or stripping off; unclothing ; divestiture.
1648 Boye oa Love iv. (1660) 27 When their dives-
ture of Mortality dispenses them from those. . Duties.
Ess. Soe. Subj. 150 Hasty divesture of prejudice.
So Dive'sture v., to strip of a vesture, unrobe.
1854 Syp. Dosett Balder xxiii. 117 Dethroned, dis-
crowned, divestured.
Divet, var. of Divor.
Divi, colloq. abbreviation of DIvIDEND; see
also Divvy. Divice, obs. form of Devicg.
+ Divi-ciate, v. Ods. rare. [f Dr-! or ? DE- +
L. witiadre (viciare) to spoil, injure, mar, f. vifium
blemish.] ¢vans. To corrupt, defile.’
¢1470 Harpinc Chron. cvu. vii, The women euer they
diuiciate In euery place.
Dividable (divai-dab’l), a.
-ABLE.]
1. Capable of being divided ; divisible.
1587 Gotpinc De Mornay vi. 72 God. .is one in himselfe,
and in no part diuidable. 1628 Coxe On Litt, 1. 386,
Lands in the County of Kent, that are called Gauelkinde,
which lands are diuidable betweene the brothers. «177
Z. Pearce Serm. (1779) I. ii. (R.), To make them had
and not easily dividable. 1890 J//ustr. Lond. News 20
Sept. 363/3 All that comrades had. .was equally dividable.
+2. Having the function of dividing. Ods.
1606 Suaxs. 77. §& Cr. 1. iii, 105 Peacefull Commerce
[f. Divipe v. +
| from dividable shores.
Hence Divi‘dableness, divisibility.
1674 R. Goprrrey /ny. & Ab. Physic 36 Denying the
dividableness of Mercury.
Dividant, var. of Divinent, Ods.
Divide (divoi'd), v. Also 4-6 di-, dy-, devyde,
dyvide, 4-7 devide, 5 Sc. dewyd(e, dewid.
[ME. de-, dividen, ad. L. dividére to force asunder,
cleave, apportion, distribute, separate, remove) :
cf. It. dividere, Sp., Pg. dividir; F. has diviser
(OF. deviser) + see DEVISE.]
I. Transitive senses.
1. To separate (a thing) into parts, or a number
or collective body) into smaller groups; to split
up, cleave; to break or cut asunder.
¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. 1. pr. ix. 65 (Camb. MS.) Thylke
thing pat symply is o thing, with-owten any deuysyon, the
errour and folye of mankynde departeth and deuydeth it.
5 Wycuir 1 A ings iii. 25 Deuydith, he seith, the quyk
child in two parties. ¢c1470 Henry Wallace 1x. 1046 Hys
power sone he gart dewyd in twa. 1§79 Furke Heskins’
Parl. 158 We breake and deuide this holy breade. 1611
Biste Dan. v. 28 Thy kingdome is diuided, and giuen to
the Medes and Persians. 1712-14 Pore Kafe Lock i. 148
‘The Peer now spreads the glitt’ring Forfex wide, T’inclose
the Lock; now joins it, to divide. 178 Frul. U.S. Con-
gress 17 July, If a question in a debate contains more
parts than one, any member may have the same divided
Into as many questions as parts, 1849 Macautay //ist.
Eng. I. 552 Argyle divided his mountaineers into three
regiments. ae
b. 70 divide the hoof: to have divided or cloven
hoofs. (A Hebraism of Scripture.)
1382 Wyciir Lev. xi. 7 A sowe that al be it that sche
dyuidith [1388 departith] the clee, she chewith not kude.
1611 Bie bid., The swine, though he diuide the hoofe
| and be clouen footed, yet hee cheweth not the cud. 1674
N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. 1. (1677) 3 All sorts of greater
Fowl, viz. those who divide the Foot.
c. To penetrate by motion through, pass through
or across, ‘cleave’ ; also ¢ransf. to make (a path)
through. (poet. and rhet.)
1590 Spenser /’, Q. 1. xi, 18 He .. with strong flight did
forcibly divyde The yielding ayre. 18g ‘Tennyson Mand
1. i. 16, I heard The shrill-edged shriek of a mother divide
the shuddering night. 1872 Spurcron Treas. Dav. Ps. Ixvi.
6 To divide a pathway through such a sea.
+d. To determine, decide. Ods. rare.
1596 Datrympcetr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. vin. (1890) 74 The
Erle Douglas..bidis outher 3eild him selfe, or the morne
diuyde it with the sworde. :
To separate into branches ; to cause to ramify.
c 1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 26 Pat be spirit of lijf my3te
brou3t bi hem to al pe bod pese arteries ben Gevyded many
weiss. /bid. 158 Pis veyne. .strecchib to be vttere partie of
pe schuldre & is dyuydid. 16g9 B. Harris Parival’s
/ron Age 165 This Fort stood upon a point, which divided
the Rheyn into his or Branches. 1853 Ne Grin-
nell Exp. |. (1856) 478 The rod or staff is divided at right
angles in two pieces. :
3. To separate or mark out (a continuous whole)
into parts (in fact, or in thought); to make to con-
sist of parts, or to distinguish the parts of. Said
of a personal agent, or of a line or boundary; usu-
ally with the number of parts specified. Most freq.
in fass.; sometimes referring chiefly to condition,
and so nearly = to consist of (so many) parts.
cr Wveiir Sed. Wks. IL. 407 Crist devydip al man-
kynde in pre partis. c1400 Lan/franc’s Cirurg. 108 Dyuers
men..dyuyden be brayn panne diuerslych ; summen noum-
bren mo boonys pan summe opir speken of. 1450-1530 J/yrr.
our Ladye 3'Vhys boke ys deuyded in to thre partes. =
Jicrogr. Pref. Fb, A Ruler divided into inches ai
Hooke
small 1667 Mitton 7. L. 1v. 688 Thir songs Divide
the night, and lift our thoughts to Heaven. 77 J. Rams-
DEN (th) Description an Engine for dividin;
Straight Lines on Mathematical Instruments. 1797 Zcycé.
Brit. U1, 43 Barry-Pily, is when a coat is divi y several
lines drawn obliquely from side to side. 1838 Lge? Cycl.
XI. 338/1 Graduation is the name commonly app! to
DIVIDE.
the art of dividing ne see anton ical inst
ments, ENNYSON Ex. A ttle garden
round it ran a walk Of shingle, and & walk divided it.
b. Billiards. To distinguish (the ball) into dis-
tinct parts or points to be aimed at.
1856 Crawtey Billiards (1859) 44 The old and more
usual oe is to divide the object ball. . striking your
own ae oda oe: by Go ae stroke inl re-
verse is adopted, ai ivide your own
strike the object Tall full. Se bre =
4. To separate into classes; to distinguish the
kinds of; to class, classify. +b. Formerly, in
scholastic use, To draw distinctions with regard
to; also abso/.: =Distineuisn 4b, 8. ~
1ssx T. Witson Logike (1567) 15a, I would diuide this
worde Canis into a ge, a fishe of the sea, and a
starre in the Elemente, thus might I saie, Cavis is either
a Dogge that liueth vpon the yearth, or a fishe, [etc.].
Ibid. 50 b, Comparations are deuided twoo maner of wayes,
for, either thei equall, or not equall. @1763 SueNsToNe
Ess, 225 Mankind, in general, may be divided into persons
of understanding, persons of genius. 1845 R. W.
Hamitton Pop. Educ. ii. (ed. 2) 37 We commonly divide
the people into agricultural and manu: uring.
5. To separate (a thing) from something else, or
(things) from each other ; to cut off, sunder, part.
¢1380 Wyciik Wks. (1880) 426 If pe pope & alle his clerkis
weren dyuydid fro cristis chirche. 1382 — 2 Saw. i, 23
Saul and Jonathas loueli..in deeth thet ben not deuydide.
1480 Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxliii. (1482) 293 The kyng made
hem to goo out of the feld at ones, and so they were deuyded
of hyr bataylles. 158r Sipney A fol. Poetrie (Arb.) 42 The
ople..had..deuided themselues from the Senate. 1634
prices Comus 279 Could that divide you from near-
ushering guides? 1700 S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind, 16
The sick were divided from the rest. 1856 Emexson Eng.
Traits, Land Wks. (Bohn) 11. 18 The sea which ., divided
the poor Britons utterly from the world.
b. To separate mentally, distinguish from. rare.
1859 Tennyson Geraint § Enid 686 Enid. .all confused
at first, Could scarce divide it from her foolish dream.
6. To separate or mark off (a thing) from some-
thing adjacent, or (adjacent things or parts) from
one another; to establish or constitute a boundary
between. (Said of a personal agent, or of the
boundary, etc.) //t. and fig.
1382 Wycur Gen. i. 4 God..deuydid lizt fro derknessis.
Jbid. 6 Be maad a firmament in the myddel of watres, and
dyuyde it watres fro watrys. 1 ena Conf. III. 86
Thue danz Aristoteles These t sciences [ jue,
rhetorique, practique] hath devided. ¢1gx0 More Picus
Wks. 19/2 The partes & lots of enheritances were of old time
met oute & deuided by cordes or ropes. Litacow 7rav.
ut. 95 A partition wall .. dividing the little roome from the
body of the Chappell. 1732 Pore ss. Man 1.226 What thin
partitions Sense from Thought divide. Tennyson Jn
Mem, x\vii. 6 Eternal form shall still divide The eternal
soul from all beside. zs
7. To separate (persons) in opinion, feeling, or
interest ; to cause to disagree, set at variance, pro-
duce dissension in or among ; to distract or perplex
(a person) by conflicting thoughts or feelings.
Pe #3 he ing ag = 5 Va — ordris te
ividid in per love. SowER Conf. 1.7
diuided, In stede of Pein hate guided. 1526-34 t INDALE
Luke xii. 52 Ther shalbe five in one housse devided, thre
— two, and two Sys thre. 16g0 T. Blaytey]
Worcester’s (jm 7 The Marquess, was much divided
within himself. x Butter Anadé. u. viii. Wks. 1874 1.
300 Men are divi in their opinions, whether our pleasures
over-balance our pains, 1831 Brewster Netfon (1855) Il.
xxi. 255 The fluxionary controversy had at this time begun
to divide the mathematical world.
8. To distribute among a number; to deal out,
dispense. Const. +40 (obs.), among, between.
1377 Lancu. P. PZ. B. xix. 210, Twill dele..& ne SY
To alkynnes creatures, ¢1380 Wycuir Serm, Sel.
ks. II. 190 Crist..wolde not juge ne devide herit
among men. ¢1470 Henry Wadi x. 995 ‘The castellis
off Scotland King Eduard haill has tane in his awin hand:
Deuidyt syn, to men that he wald lik. 1526-34 Tinpae
1 Cor. xii. 11 The pee RE devydynge to every man
severall gyftes, even as he will. 1651 Honses Leviath, 1.
xxxvi, 230 God divided the land of Canaan amonese oe
Israelites, 1710 PRiDEAUX Orig. Tithes iii. 145 The Minis-
ters, had their Stipends divided to them out of these Offer-
ings. 1849 Macautay /ist. Eng. 1. 319 Of the rent, a large
proportion was divided among the country gent
b. To take or have a portion of (something)
along with another or others; to share.
1526 Tinpace Lwvke xii. 13 M bid my brother deuid
the enherytaunce with me. Suaks. 1 en. VJ, 1. vi.
18 Tis Ioane, not we, by whom the day is wonne, For
which, I will diuide my crowne with her. ¢ 1630 Mitton
hereal
Passion i, Erewhile of music and et! mirth.. My muse
with angels did divide to sing. DrypeN Alexander's
Feast 168 Let old Timotheus yee the prize, Or both divide
the crown, ‘Tennyson MWalking to the Mail 69 These
two parties still divide the w f those that want, and —
those that have.
absol. 1607 Suaxs. Cor. 1. vi. 87 Make good this ostenta-
tion, and you shall Diuide in all, with us, ;
+e. To give forth in gots pacing pa (
Spenser Amoretti vi, When it once
doth ‘diuide Great heat. a Watrer Her Chamber
Poems (1893)26 While she. .like bus so divides her light,
And warms us, that she stoops not from her height. '
+d. To assign severally to different places or
posts ; to allocate. Obs. ;
1600 E. Buounr tr. Conestageio 335 To devide the soul-
diers and munition into their se i 1700 S. L. tr.
Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 124 There Men are all divided, so
many to each Boat, and so they go to the Oyster- Banks.
DIVIDE.
1718 Watts Ps. 1, (L. M.) v, The dreadful judge with stern
command Divides him toa different place. :
e. Todistribute (attention, etc.) between different
objects ; to direct to different things.
1611 SuHaxs. Wint. T. 1. iv, Me thinkes I see Leontes ..
ore and ore diuides him, "T'wixt his vnkindnesse, and his
Kindnesse. 1737 Porr //or, Efist. 1. ii. 291, 1, who at some
times spend, at others spare, Divided between carelessness
and care 1814 Scorr Ld. of /sles wv. xxiii, The bell’s grim
voice divides thy care, "T'wixt hours of penitence and prayer !
1842 ‘Tennyson Morte D’Arth. 60 Both his eyes were
dazzled, as he stood, ‘This way and that dividing the swift
mind, In act to throw. (Cf. Vircit 2x. Iv. 285.] 1860
Tynpatt Glac. i, xi. 290 The guide’s attention had been
divided between his work and his safety. 4
9. Math. a. To divide a number or quantity dy
another; to find how many times the latter is con-
tained in the former; to perform the process of
Division om. (Also adsol.)
c 1425 Craft Nombrynge (E. E. T.S.) 25 Pou schalt deuide
.. be noumbre .. by be neber figures. 1509 Hawes Past.
Pleas. xv. vy, Who knewe arsmetryke in every degre.. Bothe
to detraye and to devyde and adde. xr ReEcorDE G7.
Artes 47. 1652 News fr. Low-Countr. 8 Podex can cast,
can clear a summe, Adde, Multiply, Subtract, Divide. 1827
Hutton Course Math. 1. 8, 8-4, denotes that 8 is to be
divided by 4. f ne
b. Of a number or quantity: To be a divisor or
factor of (another number or quantity) ; to be con-
tained an exact number of times in; to measure.
1709-29 V. Manney Syst. Math., Arith. 4 A Number is
said to measure a Number, when one so exactly divides the
other, that nothing remains. J/od, 9 divides 36. 1+y
divides x" +y" when x is odd. .
+c. To take the difference of the terms of a given
ratio, and make a new ratio by comparing this dif-
ference with either term of the original one. O/s.
The phrase ‘ by dividing’ is now expressed by the
Lat. dividendo. See also Divmen 5.
1726 tr. Gregory’s Astron. 1. 402 By compounding and
ding them, you will have the Ratio of S4+5P to S?,
and SA—SP to SP. athe :
10. To part (a legislative assembly, etc.) into
two groups which are counted in order to ascertain
the number voting on each side of a question. Also
absol. and intr,
1554 Frul. Ho. Com. 19 Apr., I. 34 Upon the Question for
the Bill, the House did divide. 1604 /did. 24 Mar., I. 152
The Voice seeming doubtful, the House was divided.
1647 Crarenvon Hist, Reb. 1v. § 52 The House being
then divided upon the passing or not passing it, it was carried
for the affirmative by nine voices and no more. a 1794 GIBBON
(Webster 1828), The emperors sat, voted, and divided with
their equals, 1801 G. Rose Diaries (1860) I. 335 Opposition
were afraid to divide upon it. 1885 Manch. kxamnt.15 May
6/2 The House. .divided, when Mr. Gladstone’s motion was
carried by 337 to 38. Zod. The honourable member pro-
ceeded amid cries of ‘Divide!’ ‘Divide!’ Mod. Mr. B,
expressed his intention of dividing the House on the
motion,
+1L. Afus. a. trans. To perform with ‘divi-
sions’; b, zr. To perform or execute ‘divi-
sions’; to descant: see Diviston 7. Oés.
1590 Spenser J’, Q. 1. v.17 Most heauenly melody About
the bed sweet musicke did diuide. 1609 Ev. Woman in
Hum, m, i. in Bullen O. P27. 1V, What heavie string doost
thou devide upon? 1618 FLetcuer Loyal Suéj. u. ii, You
will divide too shortly ; Your voice comes finely forward.
12. Of a horse: (?) To distribute his legs and feet
as they touch the ground; to keep them clear of
each other in walking, trotting, etc. Also adsol.
1 Bracken Farriery on (1757) II. 23 Howa Horse
ought to devide his Legs. /did. 38 Horses that devide all
four well. me The truest way to know whether he be
a firm compact Nag, and divide well.
II. Intrans. senses. (See also 4 b, 9, 10, 11b, 12.,
18. absol. To make separation or distinction
(between). (In quot. 1377, To make distinctions,
as in logic: =DisTineuisH 8; cf. Diviston 3, 6.)
1377 Lanct. P. P2. B. xix. 234 Somme he tau3te..to
dyuyne and diuide. 1382 Wyctir /sa. lix. 2 3oure wickid-
nesses deuydeden betwe 3o0u and 30ure God. 1607-12
Bacon £ss., pn fre Man's Self (Arb.) 182 Diuide
with reason betweene Self-loue, and Society : and be so true
to thy self as thou be not false to others, 1661 Cressy
Refl. Oathes Suprem. § Alleg. 61 Justice requires that we
should divide between the innocent and the guilty,
14. intr. (for ref.) To become divided, undergo
division ; to become separated into parts, or
from something else or each other; to part; to
cleave, break up, go to pieces ; to branch, ramify.
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 14 Whan we come to
the yeres of discrecyon, than we deuyde in two partes, two
eompanyes & two wayes. 1593 Suaks. Lucr. 1737 Bub-
bling from her breast, it [the blood] doth divide In two slow
rivers. 1605 — Lear 1. ii. 15 Loue cooles, friendship falls
off, brothers diuide. 1667 Mitton P. LZ, vi. 569 To Right
and Left the Front Divided, and to either flank retir'd,
1734 WATERLAND Script. Vind. ad fin. (T.), Commentators
and criticks have divided upon this matter. 1855 TENNYSON
Brook 73 Her hair In gloss and hue the chestnut, when the
shell Divides threefold to show the fruit within. 1878
Houxtey Physiogr. 144 [The river] divides and subdivides,
till at last it is split up into a network of channels.
b. Camb. Univ. : see DIVISION I c..
1797 Camb. Univ. Calendar 235 February ..23. Lent
Term divides, 1895-6 did. October 1, Michesiams Term
begins. Oct. 20, End of first quarter of Mich. Term. Nov.
9, Michaelmas Term divides. Nov. 29, End of third
quarter of Mich, Term, Dec. 19, Michaelmas Term
“Vou, II,
553
Divi'de, s2._ [f. prec. vb.]
1. The act of dividing, division : +a. Separation ;
b. Distribution among a number of persons,
1642 Preparative for Fast 4 This divide and scatter, if it
be not prevented, will be no small curse. 1873 Contemp.
Rev. XXI. 749 In these [friendly societies] .. the hope of
a ‘divide’, as it is often termed, tends to keep up the figure
of contributions. 1893 McCartuy Red Diamonds Il. 27
hha is to be the big divide next New Year, but I shan’t
In it.
2. In U.S. and British Colonies: A ridge or line
of high ground forming the division between two
river valleys or systems; a watershed.
a Pike Sources Alississ. 1. (1810) 136 Struck and passed
the divide between the Grand river and the Verdegris river.
1887 R. Murray Geol. & Phys. Geog. Victoria 6 The‘ Main
Divide’ of Victoria, forming the watershed line between
the Murray River system on the north, and the numerous
streams debouching on the southern coast. x Century
Mag. Mar. 771/t In central Colorado the ‘Continental
Divide’ is a wilderness of desolate ee. 1893 SELous
Trav. S. E, Africa 377, 1 could take the expedition. .along
the great divide which forms the watershed.
Divided, f//. a. [f. Diving v. + -Ep1.]
1. Separated into parts. a. Split, cut, or broken
into pieces; +incomplete, imperfect (quot. 1595).
1565-73 Cooper 7hesaurus, Abscissus..deuided, broken.
1595 SHAKS. Yohn 11. 439 And she a faire diuided excellence,
Whose fulnesse of perfection lyes in him, 1831 Brewster
Optics xiv. 113 A plate of glass covered with..dust in a
finely divided state. oe
b. Marked out into parts; marked by divisions,
graduated ; consisting of distinct parts; in Zot.
(of leaves, etc.) cut into segments.
1674 N. Cox Gentl. Recreat, 1. (1677) 71 Divided-footed-
Fowl. 1715 Desacutiers Fires [nipr. 95 A divided Box.
1776 WitHERING Brit, Plants (1796) 1. 24 The Species are
..arranged according as the Leaves are divided, or not
divided. 1831 Brewster Oftics xxvii. § 131 A goniometer,
or other divided instrument.
+e. Said of the moon in the phase at which
half the disk is illuminated ; =DicHoromizeD 2.
1822 T. TayLtor Apuleius 292 [The moon] cornicular, or
divided, or gibbous, or full.
2. Separated from something else, or from each
other ; situated apart ; separate.
1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriot. ii. 8 The Province of
Britain in so divided a distance from Rome. 1677 Hae
Prim, Orig. Man. u. iii, 140 Possibly the first divided King
of Babylon was that Nabonassar. 1694 Acc. Sev. Late
Voy. 1. (1711) 105 Those Birds that have divided Claws.
b. Aus. Said of voices or instruments, usually
in unison, to which independent parts are tempora-
rily assigned in the course of a piece.
1880 Strainer & Barrett Dict, Mus. Terms, Divisi,
divided. A direction that instruments playing from one
line of music are to separate and play in two parts.
3. Separated in opinion or interest; discordant,
at variance ; split into parties or factions.
1594 Suaks. Rich. ///, 1. iv. 244 He little thought of this
diuided Friendship. 1614 Br. Hatt Recoll. Treat. 129 The
unstable vulgar ., whose divided tongues, as they never
agree with each other; so seldome. .agree long with them-
selves, 178x Gipson Decl. & F. III. xxx. 136 A divided
court, and a discontented people. 1855 Macautay ///s¢,
Eng. IV. 454 Divided and tumultuous assemblies. 1871
Bracke Four Phases i. 113 Any charm that might save
a jury from the pain of giving a divided verdict.
4, Distributed or parted among a number of
things or persons; directed to different objects.
1607 Suaks. 77071. ii. 49 The fellow that..pledges the
breath of him in a diuided draught. 1764 Gotpsm. Trav.
15 Where beasts with man divided empire claim. c 1845
é. Mackay Candid Wooing iii, Accept then a divided heart.
1869 Freeman Norm. Cong. III. xii, 249 ‘The difficulties
into which he was brought through this divided allegiance.
+5. Math. Divided ratio: see DivipE v. 9c.
1660 Barrow Exc/id v. def. 15, Divided ratio is when the
excess wherein the antecedent exceeds the consequent, is
compared to the consequent. 1827 Hutton Course Math.
I. 325 Divided ratio, is when the difference of the ante-
cedent and consequent is compared, either with the ante-
cedent or with the consequent.—Thus, if 1 :2:: 3:6, then,
by division, 2-1: 12:6~—3:3, and 2-1:2::6—-3:6.
Dividedly, adv. [f. prec. +-ty2] Ina
divided manner; separately, apart; in separate
parts.
1607 S. Cottins Sert. (1608) 2 Either iointly all at once,
or diuidedly by th 1 1627 Lisand. Cad. v1. 100
They .. went out after them, but dividedly, the better
to finde them. 1678 Cupwortu Jxtel/, Syst. 783 (R.) If
therefore, God be every where: it cannot possibly be,
that he should possibly be so dividedly ; because then him-
self would not be every where, but only a part of him here
and a part of him there. 1867 Atwater Logic 168 The
middle term is taken dividedly or distributively.
tb. Math. By ‘dividing’ the ratio: see prec. 5.
1706 W. Jones Syn. Palmar, Matheseos 70 lf A:a:: B:b,
Then. .Dividedly, A-a:a::B—b:b. 1827 Hutton Course
Math, \. 218 When four quantities, 2, av, 4, dr .. are pro-
portional ; then. . Dividedly, a: ar-a::b:br—0.
Divi-dedness. [f. as prec. + -nuss.] The
fact or condition of being divided. .
1656 Baxter Refd. Pastor (1862) 234 Our dividedness
and unaptness to close for the work. 1871 H. B. Forman
Living Poets 400 The failure .. has arisen from divided-
ness of motive. 1877 E. Cairp Philos, Kant 1. xvi. 569
Infinite dividedness..or composition which is not of simple
parts.
t+Di-vidence. 0ds. rare. [f. L. divident-em,
pr pple. of dividére to Divine; prob. after It.
. DIVIDEND.
dividenza (Florio 1611).] The action of dividing ;
division,
1598 Florio, Partigione, a partition, a diuidence. 1611
Tbid., Diuidenza, a diuidence, a distinction. 1603 —
Montaigne 1. xxvii. (1632) 90 ‘This commixture, dividence,
and sharing of goods. F
Dividend (di:vidénd). Also 6-7 exron. divi-
dente, -ent. [a. F. dzvzdende, in sense 4 (1300 in
Anglo-Fr.), ad. L. d7vidend-um (that) which is to
be divided, absol. use of neuter gerundive of d7vi-
dére to Divipg. In early use often erroneously
dividente, divident (-end being an unusual, ard
-ent a well-known ending), but in 17th c. conformed
to the L. type. (The sense development is not
clear, senses 3 and 4 being the earliest found.)]
1. A/ath. A number or quantity which is to be
divided by another. (Correlative to Divisor.)
a. 1542 RecorDE Gr. Artes 126 b, Then begynne I at the
hyghest lyne of the diuident, and seke how often I may
haue the diuisor therin. 1608 R. Norton Stevin's Disme
Bij, The number to be diuided (or diuident) and the number
to diuide (or diuisor).
B. 1557 Recorve Whetst, Zj, I see noe soche denomina-
tion in the diuidende, 1594 BLUNDEVIL /xerc. 1. v.(ed.7) 14
Chel a ee (9. the quotient.) 1674 Jeake Avith.
(1696) 31 Proceed as before to the end of the Dividend.
1806 Hutron Course Math. 1. 16 ‘The usual manner of
placing the terms, is, the dividend in the middle, having
the divisor on the left hand, and the quotient on the right,
each separated by a curve line. ¢ 1865 Circ. Sc. I. 437/1.
A sum of money to be divided among a num-
ber of persons; esf, the total sum payable as interest
on a loan, or as the profit of a joint-stock company,
divided periodically among the holders (usually
reckoned at a certain rate per cent.) ; also, the
sum divided among the creditors of an insolvent
estate. Zo declare a dividend: DECLARE v. 5 d.
1623 W. Scrater Quaest. Tythes Revised 152 Will you
mooue doubt whether Tithes entered the common Diuidend ?
1643 Mitton Soveraigne Salve 11 Profits and emoluments
accrewing may make a dividend sufficient to draw to some
unjustact. 1684 Loud. Gaz. No. 1948/4 The Creditors of
Benjamin Hinton... are desired to meet... to receive an
Accompt of their Trustees, and to advise of a Divident.
1710 Lond, Gaz, No. 4744/3 Warrants for the said Divi-
dend will be delivered. 1776 Apam Smitu W. N. (1869)
I. 11. ii. 320 For some years past the Bank dividend has been
at five and a half per cent. 1863 Fawcerr Pol. Econ. u. x.
(1876) 271 Two-fifths of these profits form a fund from which
the annual dividend on capital is paid.
3. ¢ransf. A portion or share of anything divided ;
esp. the share (of anything divided among a num-
ber of persons) that falls to each to receive or pay.
ta. gen. Obs. exc, as fig. from b.
a. 1477 Norton Ord. Adch.vi.in Ashm. (1652) 97 Another
Furnace .. serving for Seperation of dividents. 1563-70
Foxe A. & M. (1583) 116 What portions or diuidentes
ought to be made thereof. /did, 1513 The Kings subsidie
.. 1s committed vnto me in the Kings Roll a whole Summe
in grosse, to be receyued of the Canons Residentiaries for
their Diuident, who .. cannot agree in deuiding. 1593
Nasue Christ’s 7.81 Security the last deuident of Deli-
cacy, it [sloth] includeth in it. 166x J. Stepnens /’vo-
curations 108 Which otherwise rested upon the Priest or
Clerks of that Church to do from the allotted divident.
B. 1600 Hottanp Livy xxx. xlvi. 850 The financies and
revenues .. were shared out in dividends between some
certaine of the head citizens. 1670 Narporoucu JruZ. in
Ace. Sev, Late Voy, 1. (1711) 28 Divided all things equally
.. the Boys Dividend being as large as my own. 1779-81
Jounson L. P., Waller Wks. I1. 264 The Panegyrick upon
Cromwell has obtained .. a very liberal dividend of praise.
1806-7 J. Beresrorp Miseries Hum. Life (1826) xx. i. 266
What proportional dividend of man is a Stay maker ?
b. spec. The portion of interest on a loan, or
rofit from a joint-stock company, received by an
individual holder as his share; the amount received
by an individual creditor from an insolvent estate.
1690 Lond. Gaz. No. 2596/4 Sir Edward Dering Deputy-
Governor of the Hudsons Bay Company .. Presented to
his Majesty a Dividend in Gold, upon His Stock in the
said Company. 1827 Jarman Powedl’s Devises (ed. 3) I.
337 A testatrix gave to trustees certain bank stock, upon
trust to pay the dividends to her daughter M. for life. 1884
Actanp & Jones Working Men Co-operators iii. 32 It is on
the amount of her purchases at the shop that her dividend
or share of profits is declared,
+4. The action of dividing among a number of
persons; distribution (es. of profits, or assets.) Obs.
[1300 Act 28 Edw. J, Super Cartas ii, Et des choses issint
r eus prises., soit faite dividende entre les prenours &
es gardeins des feires.] p :
a, 1535 Latimer Mruit/. Sern. i. Eph. vi. 1o By these
meanes a diuident [ed. 1635 devision] of the spoyle was
made, 1570 Levins Manip. 67/32 A diuident, diucdentia,
1634 in 42h Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. 126/2 The divident of
corne is managed according to the ancient custome.
B. 1647 N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. 1. \xvii. (1739) 165
Paying the Debts, and making Dividend of the overplus
into the reasonable parts. 1675 Art Contentm. 1x. iii, 224
If there were a common bank made of all mens troubles,
most men would rather chuse to take those they brought,
then to venter upon a new dividend. 1726 Adv. Capt. R.
Boyle 292 So we resolv’d to steer for Zant..and there make
Dividend of our Prize Money and Goods.
5. attrib. and Comb. Dividend warrant, the
documentary order or authority on which a share-
holder receives his dividend.
1716 Lond. Gaz. No, 5479/4 Lost ..a Dividend Warrant
on the South Sea Company. 1860 4// Year Rowe 54.
DIVIDENT.
88 He might be seen at the Bank of England about Divi-
dend times, 1884 //arfer’s Mag. May 897/2 The dividend
warrants are sent. . by post.
+ Di-vident, a. and sd. Also 7 -ant. [ad. L.
divident-em, pr. pple. of dividére to DivivE.]
A. adj. 1. Dividing; distributive.
1660 Burney Kepd. Awpov Ep. Ded. (1661) 4 ‘The divident
and impartial justice of our Sovereign Lord.
2. Divided, separate. (In Shaks. divi-dant.)
1607 SHaks. Jin 1. iii. 5 Twin'd brothers of one
Wombe, Whose procreation. .and birth Scarse is diuidant.
B. sb. One who or that which divides ; some-
thing that separates or forms the boundary between
two regions, etc. ; in Avzth. = DIvIsor.
1450 Chester P/. ii. 19 Now will I make the fyrmament..
for to be a divident to twyne the waters aye. 1513 Brap-
suaw St. Werburge 1. 249 This Offa..made a depe dytche
for a sure dyuydent Bytwene Englande and Wales. 1571
Dicces Pantom. 1. xviii. E iv b, Multiply the third distance
the second, and the product diuide by your diuident or
diuisor. ee rd J. Harrincton Oceana (1700) 7, ‘ Divide’,
says one [girl] to the other, ‘and I will chuse’. . The divident,
dividing unequally, loses, in regard that the other takes the
better half; wherefore she divides equally.
Divident, -e, frequent early f. DivIDEND, q.v.
Divider (divaitdo:). [f. Divipe v. + -ER!.]
One who or that which divides, in various senses.
1. One who or that which separates a whole into
.parts or portions.
1591 Percivat Sf, Dict., Ochavero, a deuider into eight
parts, 1644 Dicsy Nat. Bodies 1, ix, 78. 1674 JossELYN
Voy. New Eng. 54 The Sun and Moon..the dividers of
time into dayes and years. 1774 //ist. in Ann. Reg. 2/2
The dividers of Poland. 1862 is Hart Hindu Philos. Syst.
*¥ Two several dividers of intelligence.
. One who distributes, a distributor; one who
shares something with another.
1526-34 Tinpate Luke xii. 14 Who made me a iudge or
a devider over ydu? 1587 GotpinG De Mornay i. 3 There
is a devider or distributer of these things. 1802 Node
Wanderers 11, 88 Roused from the stupor of her affliction
by this little divider of her cares.
3. One who makes philosophical distinctions
(cf. DivIDE v. 4b); one who classifies. Ods.
1588 Fraunce Lawiers Log. 1. xiii. 2 Plato .. compareth
inartificial dividers to bungling cookes, who in stead of
artificiall carving, use rudely to breake and dismember
thinges. 1610 Heacey St, Aug. Citie of God Vi, ii. (1620)
227 Who was euer a more curious inquisitor of thes¢ things
..a more elegant diuider, or a more exact recorder?
4. One who or that which disumites, separates,
or parts ; a causer of dissension or discord.
1643 Mitton Divorce u. xxi, Hate is of all things the
mightiest divider. xt Swirt Drapier's Lett. iv, aes,
the great divider of the world, hath..been the great uniter
of a most divided people. 1870 H. Macmitian Bible Teach,
Xv. 295. 1871 Patcrave Lyr. Poems 56 They swear that
death the divider Shall only unite them nore.
+5. Aritth. =Drvisor. Obs. rare.
1797 Monthly Mag. 130 By my method of dividers, other
ented might have been assumed for the value of y.
6. pi. a. Dividing compasses; a kind of com-
passes worked by means of a screw fastened to
one leg and passing through the other; used for
measuring or setting off very small intervals. b.
A simple pair of compasses with steel points.
1703 Moxon Mech. Exerc. 316 You may in small Quad-
rants divide truer and with less trouble with Steel Dividers,
(which open or close with a Screw for that purpose,) then
you can with Compasses. 1875 Beprorp Saslor's Pocket-
ok, v. (ed, 2) 195 Chart, scale, and dividers. 1879 Casse//'s
Techn. Educ, 1. 12 Compasses which have both points of
steel are called ‘dividers’, 188r A/etal World No. 14.
218 A pair of 44 in. or 5 in. plain dividers, or what are
called hair dividers,
_ 1. Farming. (See quot.)
1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Divider (Husbandry), the
prow or wedge-formed piece on a reaping-machine, which
divides the grain to be cut from the standing grain,
8. Mining. pl. Timbers or scantling put across
a shaft to divide it into compartments: also called
buntons. (Raymond Mining Gloss. ‘
Dividing (divoi-din), v/. sd. [f. Drvipe v. +
-InG!,]_ The action of the verb Divine ; division.
1526-34 Tinvace /7¢é. iv. 12 Even vnto the diuidynge a
sonder of the soule and the sprete. 1663 Gernier Counsel
Cija, Their Jurisdiction extends as far as the deviding of
the Seas neere Rochel. 1719 De For Crusoe (1840) II. vi.
124 That there might be no dispute about dividing. 1882
Garden 4 Feb. 86/3 Alocasias. . bear dividing freely.
Dividing, ///.a. [f. as prec. + -IN@ * 5 That
divides, in various senses ; that cleaves into parts;
+ ‘running divisions’ in singing (quot. 1639; see
Division 7); that separates regions, parts, etc.
Now often written with hyphen in certain phrases or
combinations, as dividing-line, -point, where it may be
taken as the 7d/. sb. used attrib, Dividing-engine, a
machine for graduating or dividing a circle into a number
of equal parts, or for cutting the circumference of a wheel
into a number of teeth. Dividing ridge= Divine sé. 2.
3620 QuarLes Yonah (1638) 34 Horrid — of heavens-
dividing thunder. a1 Cakew Poems Wks. (1824) 129
In your sweet dividing throat, She [the nightingale] winters
ond keepes warme her note. 1807 P. Gass ¥rui. 237 We
came to the dividing ridge between the waters of the Mis-
souri and Columbia. Penny Cyct. X1, 338/1 The in-
yention by Ramsden of his dividing engine. bid. 338/2
The divi a employed by Gi was the m-
com) 1 'e; Martineau £ss. I. 251 The true divid-
ing-line. 1874 KniGur Dict. Mech.s.v., Ramsden’s circular
dividing-engine consisted of a large wheel moved by
554
a tangent screw. 1884 F. J. Britten Watch § Clockm.
88 [A] Dividing plate..[is] the circular brass plate in a
wheel-cutting engine, in which holes are drilled as a regis-
ter for the proper division of the 1 teeth.
Hence Divi'dingly adv., so as to divide.
1580 Hottyeanp Teas. Fr. Tong, Divisément, diuidingly,
separately. 1847 in Craic. — 5 a
|| Divi-divi (di-vidi-vi). [The native Galibi or
Caribname.] The commercial name of the curled
pods of Cxsalpinia coriaria, a tree found in tropi-
cal America and the West Indies ; they were intro-
duced to Europe from Caracas in 1768, and are
highly astringent, and much used in tanning. Also
the tree itself. b. The similar pods of C. ténctoria
used in Lima for making ink (Cent. Dict.).
[1763 Jacquin Stirp. Amer, Hist. 124 Legumina .. ab
Hispanis et barbaris..nuncupata 1167 didi, 1832 G. Don
Dichlamydeous Pl. 1. 432 Libidibi is the name of the
legume at aces ery | ag , towel Frnl. Il. 600
Divi-divi, imported from ay is the pod of a legu-
minous shrub. 1 Linptey Veg. Kingd. 550 In the
Dividivi or Libidibi pods..we have one of the most astrin-
gent of known substances.
Dividual (divi-diwal), a. (sd.) [f. L. dividu-us
divisible, separated + -aL.]
1. That is or may be divided or separated from
something else; separate, distinct, particular.
1598 Fiorio, Dinisib/e, separable, diuiduall. 1612 Two
Noble K. 1. iii, The true love ‘tweene — and mare may
be More then in sex dividual [fzinted individual ed
Mitton P. ZL. xu. 85 True Liberty..which always with
right reason dwells Twinn'd, and from her hath no dividual
Being. 1740 Waxsurton Div. Legat. vi. vi, The two
..scarce dividual. 1836 Blackw. Mag. XL. 536 A union
of the mind’s dividual acts. 1856 T’. Airp Poet. Wks. 147
‘The Seasons. .Come and go with sweet dividual change.
2. Capable of being divided into parts, divisible ;
divided into parts, fragmentary.
ax619 Foruersy A theom. 1. vii. § 1 (1622) 50 Some make
their god of Atomes, and individual moates; some of
| diuidual numbers; as Epicurus, and Pythagoras. 16;
| shew much variety of exercise, then 8..will
| thousand lesser Lights dividual holds.
(see DivinEa.) +-FY.] trans. Toraise to
3arRiFFE Mil. Discip. iv. (1643) 13 Where any one would
i the more
pliant and dividuall number [of soldiers]. a 1650 May Satir.
Puppy (1657) 10. 18.. Lower Ambrose Poet. Wks. (1879)
772 ‘Believest thou then’. . Cried he, ‘a dividual essence in
Truth?’
3. Divided or distributed among a number;
shared, participated, held in common.
1667 Mitton P. LZ. vu. 382 The moon..her reign With
1735 H. Brook
Univ. Beauty w. 132 While thro’ the pores nutritive por-
tions tend, Their equal aliment dividual share. 1828 Core-
Brooke Odligat, & Contracts 1, 141 The rule holds when
the obligation is dividual. i:
B. sb. Obs. 1. That which is dividual ; some-
thing divided or capable of being divided.
1668 H. More Div. Diad. Schol. (1713) 553 This is that of
Gregory Nazianzen, aueéprros ev penepiopevors 2 Oeorys,
The Individual Divinity in Dividuals.
2. Math. In the process of division: One of the
several parts of the dividend, each of which yields
successively one figure or term of the quotient.
1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn, 1706 Purvis (ed. Kersey),
Dividuale (in Arithm.) is a Number in the Rule of Divi-
sion, comprehending part of the Dividend distinguished by
a Point; whereof the Question must be ask'd, How often
the Divisor is contain’d in it? 1811 Sed/ /astructor 62
A new dividend, or dividual, to work upon.
Hence Divi‘dualism, Dividua‘lity (used as the
opposites of individualism, individuality).
1803 Syp. Smitn Wks. (1869) 23 The chances..do not
depend solely upon their dividuality.- 1883 F. Gatton
Hum. Faculty = Individualism is changed to dividualism
Jbid, 207 Dividuality replaces individuality.
Divi-dually, adv. [f. prec. + -ty2.] Ina
dividual manner ; separately.
Eart Mancu, Ad Mondo (1636) 6 Meditation is. .as
hee that smells the Violet, the Rose, the Jessamie, and the
Orenge flowers dividually.. But Contemplation is a water
compounded of them all. 1805 Worvsw. Prelude xiv. 209
They are each in each, and cannot stand Dividually, 1821
Co.eripcE in Blackw., Mag. X. 247 We are compelled to
express it dividually, as g of two correlative terms.
Dividuity (dividigiti). rare. [ad. rare L,
dividuitatem, n. of quality f. dividuus: see next
and -1ry.] Dividuous quality or state.
1656 Biount Glossogr., Dividuity, a division, also an
aptness to divide. a 1834 CoLerincr Lit, Rem. (1838) Ill.
108 This mysterious dividuity of the good and the evil will.
Dividuous (dividiw,as), a. rare, [f. L. divi-
du-us (see DIVIDUAL) + -OUS,
1. Capable of being divided, divisible (= Drv1-
DUAL 2); characterized by division.
1766 G. Canninc Anti-Lucretius v. 397 The Mind, of
separate parcels uncompos'd, Though in dividuous Body
now inclos'd. ¢1800 Cot 7 homet, The rui
river Shatters its waters abreast, and..Rushes dividuous.
1820 Suetiey Ode to Liberty iv, The .. cloud-like moun-
tains, and dividuous waves Of Greece,
2. Separable, non-essential (= Divipuat 1).
3816 CoLeripce Lay Serm. 343 The accidental and di-
viduous in this quiet and harmonious object is subjected to
the life and light of nature which shines in it. ¢
» v. Obs. rare. [f. L. divus ike
rank
of a divinity, invest with divine dignity, Derry.
So + Divificartion, Ods.
1615 Jackson Creed 1v, u. iv. $7 The divifications ascribed
DIVINATORY.
unto them, as their enrolments in the onsloges haar
saints, adoration of relics, and the like. 1652 Sparke Prim,
Devot. (1663) 4 [They] divifie such as never were holy men,
Divinable, a. rare. [f. Divine v. + -ABLE.]
Capable of being divined or conj
1816 J. Scorr Vis. Paris (ed. 5) 5
finite, nor even divinable
+ Di-vinail. és.
-aile, -aille, -ayle, deuenayle.
vinail, -al masc,, and devinaille, -nalle, -gnaillefem.
(Godef.) a thing divined, a conjecture, prediction,
Divination, repr. L. t *divinale sing., *divi-
nalia pl., of divinalis : see next and -aL 4, 5.]
1. Divining, soothsaying, divination.
1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. P53t Hem pat bilieuen in
diuynailes fe rr. dyuynayles, ae -alis, divynailles, deue-
nayles] as by flight or by noyse of briddes or of beestes.
¢ 1430 LypG. Bochas u. xiii. (1554) 51 b, Her clerkes in theyr
diuinayle Tolde it was token of seruage and trauayle. 1484
Caxton Chivalry 87 The deuynaylles of them that by the
cag of byrdes deuynen.
. Something to be divined, a riddle.
c Lypc. Bochas 1. ix. (1544) 18a, The serpent him..
would dana With a problem. .Called some men an
uncouthe deuinaile. ¢1430 — 7hebes 1. (R.), To slea all
tho..that did faile, To expoune, his misty deuinale. 1483
Caxton G. de la Tour Gijb, Sayeng that they my3t not
arede a certayne deuynal.
ivi a. Obs. [ad. med.L. divinal-is, f.
divin-us DIVINE: see -AL 3.] Pertaining to divi-
nation ; divinatory, magical.
1494 Fasyan Chron. 6 All these were Mynystris of God
immortale, And had in theym no power dyuynall. 1g§03
Hawes Examp. Virt. viii. (Arb.) 38 A myrrour of lernyn:
that was dyuynall, 1§13 Douctas nets 1x. i. 52 Wyth
wordis augurall, Eftyr thar spaying ceremonis diuynal.
Divination (diviné'-fan). [a. OF. divination
(13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. divindtion-em, n.
of action f. divindre to DIVINE.
1. The action or practice of divining; the fore-
telling of future events or discovery of what is
hidden or obscure by supernatural or magical
means; soothsaying, augury, prophecy. With a
and Z/., an exercise of this, a prophecy, an augury.
¢1374 Cuaucer Boeth. v. pr.iv. 125 (Camb. MS.) Marchus
tullius, whan he deuynede the dyuynaciouns, pat is toseyn
in his he wroot ofdiuinaciouns. 1388 Wyciir Acts
xvi. 16 Sum wenche hauynge a spirit of dyuynacioun. 1
‘Trevisa Higden (Rolls) ILI. 57 Eiber seide pat [he]
better dyuynacioun of foules [/elicius augurium]). 1555
SneN Decades 309 To speke of thynges that shalbe, longe
before they are, is a kynde of diuination. 1§79-80 Noxtu
Plutarch (1895) 80 The flying of birds, which doe geue a
happy divination to things to come. 1662 STILLINGFL. Orig.
Sacr. u. iv. § 1 The Gentiles hearkend unto Oracles and Divi-
nations. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 505 P 5 Among the man
pretended arts of divination, there is none which so uni-
versally amuses as that dreams. 1879 D, M. WALLACE
Austra/as. vy. 103 Divination is made by examination of the
state of the body internally.
attrib, 1877 W. Jones Finger-ring 100 The annexed illus-
trations, representing divination rings, are taken from Liceti.
2. In a weaker sense: Prevision or guessing by
happy instinct or unusual insight; successful con-
Jecture or guessing.
1597 SHaks. 2 Hen. /V,1.i. 88 Tell thou thy Earle, his
Diuination lies. 1614 Raveicu Hist, World i. vii. § 5
Whether he or they would have bin contented with an
equall share..were perhaps a divi ary.
Ken Serm. Dan. x. 11 Wks, (1838) 169 It was such divination,
such sagacity as this which in’ to him {Daniel} all
the dreams of human life. Emerson Eng. Traits,
Lit, Wks. (Bohn) IL. 113 Ri Owen. .adding sometimes
the divination of the old masters to the unbroken power of
labour in the English mind.
3. Rom, Law. (See quot. 1868.)
1823 in Crane Technol, Dict. 1868 Smit Dict. Gr. § Rom.
Antigq, s.v. Divinatio, If in any case two or more accusers
came forward against one and the same individual, it was,
as the ph A. Stead b Ase? . kh lA be the
ravelling for no de-
Also 4-5 de-, dy-, -al(e,
a. OF. de-, di-
course which they to take.
q catachr. Divine condition or state, divinity.
1603 Hottann Plutarch's Mor. 1327 Of some
few. .came to participate the divination of the gods.
Di-vinator. 00s. orarch. Also 7-our. [ad.
L.divinator, -drem soothsayer, agent-n. from divin-
dre to Divine: cf. F. divinateur.] One w
divines ; a diviner, soothsayer. fest hed
oa si Ctondie e tartans a@x610 HEALEY
i elgg A EN a tan
. x . 1 AV. .
a divinatour. 1 URTON
638 Of this number are all Superstitious I oe
Sectaries and Scismatiques. — Science
ASS. +»
to Dee pra
19 Dec. 5. n the leading Ly =f of Cam!
divi has k years a large, business
es abate eteied edtuianiian of his services.
Divinato'rial, a. vare. [f. as next + -aL.]
Conjectural.
ary Parnison £ss. (1889) I. 167 Divinatorial criticism
to work d j operat-
has often undertah by conj
ing upon collation of MSS.
Divinatory (divinatdri), a. [f. L. type *a?
vinatori-us, {. divinator-em : see DIVINATOR and
-ory.] Pertaining to a diviner or to divination ;
re divining. b. C
r
DIVINATRICE.
commonly tearmed Diuinatorie Lots. 1664 Evetyn Sylva
5 The use of the Hasel is .. for .. Divinatory Rods for the
detecdl and finding out of Minerals, 1828 Miss Berry
Soc. Life E: Fr. (1831) 395 A peasant of Burgundy...
appeared with the exploded notion of the divinatory wand
to discover hidden sources of water. 1838 Sir W. Hamitton
Logic xxxiv. (1866) 11. 199 Here the conjectural or divina-
tory emendation comes into play.
+ Divinatrice, a. Ods. rare. [a. F. divina-
trice, fem. of atvinateur, ad. L. divinatricem, fem.
of divindtor: see above.] That divines, divining.
1535 More Rueful Lamentacion(R.) Lo where to commeth
thy blandishyng promyse, Of false astrology and diuinatrice.
Divine (divain), a. and 5.1 Forms: 4-6 de-
vin(e, de-, dyvyn(e, 5-6 divyne, Sc. de-,
dywyne, 6dyvine, 7 divin, 4-divine. [ME.
devine, divine, a. OF. devin (12th c. in Hatz.-
Darm.), later divin :—L. divinus pertaining to a
deity. In med.L. divinus bore the sense of theologus.
OF. devin was the word of popular formation;
divin was a learned assimilation to the ancient L.
types which in F, became the accepted form for the
jj. and in English for all senses: cf. Div1NE sd.“]
1, Ofor pertaining to God or a god.
€1374 Cuaucer Boeth, v. pr. ii. 118 (Camb. MS.) The
speculacion or lookynge of the deuyne thoght. 1388 Wyciir
Deut. i. 13 Zyue 3¢ of 30u men wise in dyuyn thingis. 1526
Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 3b, The diuyne nature or
godhed. 1590 Spenser /. Q. 1. x.67 So darke are earthly
things compar'd to things divine. x Mitton Areof.
(Arb.) 5 Many. .complain of divin Providence for suffering
Adam to transgresse. 1709 Pore /ss. Crit. 525 To err is
human, to forgive divine. 1878 R. W. Date Lect. Preach.
290 Divine acts are not less Divine because they do not
happen to be recorded in the Canonical Scriptures.
2. Given by or proceeding from God; having
the sanction of or inspired by God.
Divine right, a right conferred by or based on the ordin-
ance or appointment of God. Divine right of kings, that
ovary to the doctrine that (legitimate) kings de-
rive their — rom God alone, unlimited by any rights on
the part of their subjects. In English History, the phrase
came into specific use in the 17th c., when oe claim was
prominently made for the Stuart kings.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Monk's T. 67 By precept of the Messager
diuyn. ¢1425 Wyntoun Cron. 1. i. 2 Dywyne Scrypture.
¢ 1450 Henryson Jest. Cres. (R.) Ye gaue me ones a diuine
responsaile That I should be the floure of loue in Troye.
1567 Satir. Poems Reform. iii. 128 Quhome God did place
be ordinance dewyne. a@1600 Hooker Lcc?, Pol. vin, ii.
§ 6 Unto kings by human right, honour by very divine
right, is due. 1625 Burces Pers. 7ithes 2 Whether Tithes
be perpetually due to the Ministers of the Gospell by Diuine
Right. 31642 Mitton Afol. Smect. ii. Wks. (1847) 85 The
divine right of episcopacy was then valiantly asserted.
op Const. § Canons i. Biv b, The most High and Sacred
order of Kings is of Divine right, being the ordinance of
God himself. 1742 Pore Dunc. 1v. 188 The Right Divine
of nee to govern wrong. 1 Brackstone Comme. I.
ili. 25, I will not put the title of the clergy to tithes upon any
divine right, though such a right certainly commenced, and
I believe as certainly ceased, with the yeoish theocracy.
1835 J. Warerwortn Exam. Princ. Protestantism 95 Did
this unrivalled Biblist acknowledge any writings as divine,
which the Jews did not receive as canonical? 1865 SEELEY
Lecce Homo iv. (ed. 8) 31 In obedience to an irresistible
divine impulse, 1871 Morey Voltaire (1886) 63 The apolo-
gies of Jesuit writers for the assassination of tyrants deserve
an sige! place in the history of the doctrine of divine
right.
3. Addressed, appropriated, or devoted to God;
religious, sacred. ;
Divine service, the public worship of God, Divine office,
thestated office or service of daily prayer; the canonical hours.
1380 Wyciir Ws. (1880) 41 Do clerkis deuyn officis after
pe ordre of pe holy Chirche of rome. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pro.
122 Fful weel she soong the seruice dyuyne. 1500-z0
Dunpar Poems x. 27 Do 30ur obseruance devyne To him
that is of kingis king. Bk. Com. Prayer Pref., The
common prayers in the Churche, commonlye called diuine
seruice. ¢x600 Suaxs. Sonn. cviii. 5 Yet, like prayers
divine, I must each day say o’er the verysame. 1674 PLay-
Forp Skill Mus. 1. 71 The Tunes of Psalms are of general
use, all who are true Lovers of Divine Musick, will have
them in estimation, 1682 Sroppon (¢i#/e) An Essay on
a Question relating to Divine Worship. 1720 Warts (/i¢Ze),
Divine Songs, attempted in easy language, for the use of
children, 1848 Wuarron Law Lex., Divine Service, tenure
éy, an obsolete holding, in which the tenants were obliged
to do some special divine services in certain, as to sing so
many masses, to distribute such a sum in alms, etc. 1880
Dict. Chr, Antig. s.v. Divine office, Offices for the several
hours of prayer, which together constitute the Divine Office,
as distinguished from the eo 1889 Farrar Lives /a-
thers, Ambrose, xv. § 3 11. 169 Theodosius .. as a peni
. abstained from presenting himself at divine service.
4. Partaking of the nature of God ; characteristic
of or consonant to deity; godlike; heavenly,
celestial.
¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. v. pr. ii. 118 (Camb. MS.) Why in
the ynes dyuynes sub , bat is to in spiritz,
Iugement is moore cleere. 1393 Gower Conf. II. 167 Men
saiden, that she was divine, And the ae age of sapience.
1goo-20 Dunsar Poems xxv. 113 All the hevinly court
devyne. 1594 Hooker Zcc/. Pod. 1. viii. §6 The diuiner
part in relation vnto the baser of our soules. 1632 Mitton
Penseroso 12 Hail, divinest Melancholy! Whose saintly
visage is too bright To hit the sense of human sight. 1667
—P. L, i, 40 Or flocks, or herds, or human face divine.
1697 DrypENn Alex: Ss Feast 171 At last divine Cecilia
came. 1850 Tennyson /# Men, Prol. iv, Thou seemest
human and divine, The high holiest hood, thou.
1882 Farrar Early Chr. 1. 97 The strains .. of divinest
music in which the voice of inspiration died away.
555
+b. Immortal; beatified. Ods.
1593 Suaks. Rich. L/, 1.i. 38 For what I speake, My body
shall make good vpon this earth, Or my diuine soule answer
itin heauen. 1632 Heywoop 2nd P+. [ron Age iw. Wks. 1874
III. 409 Thou lyest downe mortall, who must rise diuine.
5. In weaker sense ; More than human, excellent
ina superhumandegree. a. Of persons: Of more
than human or ordinary excellence ; pre-eminently
gifted ; in the highest degree excellent.
1552 Hutoet, Divine or immortall, xectareus. 1591 SHAKS.
1 Hen. VJ, 1. vi. 4 Diuinest Creature .. How shall I honour
thee for this successe? @1635 Corset Poems (1807) 18
Nothing did win more praise .. Then did their actors most
divine. 1680 Crowne JM/isery Civ. War Prol., For by
his feeble skill ’tis built alone, The Divine Shakespear
did not lay one stone. 1711 STEELE Sfect. No. 146 P 3
‘The divine Socrates is here represented in a Figure worthy
his great Wisdom and Philosophy. 1795-1814 Worpsw.
Excursion 1. 250 That mighty orb of song, The divine
Milton. aes Jowett Plato (ed. 2) 1. 473 That would clearly
contradict the divine Homer.
b. Of things: Of surpassing beauty, perfection,
excellence, etc. ; extraordinarily good or great.
¢1470 Henry Wallace vi. 348 Thai..In cartis brocht thar
purwiance dewyne. 1561 IT’. NortonsCalvin’s Just. 1. xiii.
§ 9, I graunt..that oftentimes a thing is called Diuine or of
God, that is notable by any singular excellence. 1592
Suaxs. Row. §& Ful. m1. ii. 77 Beautifull Tyrant, fiend An-
gelicall..Dispised substance of Diuinest show. 1655 H.
VauGuan Silex Scint. 85 Blackness sits On the divinest
wits. 1757 A. Coover Distiller 1. xlvii. (1760) 212 Recipe
for a Gallon of Divine Water. 1818 La Belle Assemblée
XVII. 40/6, I have had the divinest cornette sent me. 1826
H. N. Coreriwce West Indies 147 ‘The champagne at
eighteen dollars really divine. 1877 Kare THomrson Pudd.
Pict. Gall. Rembrandt, The great master of the Dutch
school .. preeminent by his wonderful and Divine talents.
6. Connected or dealing with divinity or sacred
things; sacred. Ods. or arch.
1548 Haut Chron., Hen. VI (an. 9) 115b, All auncient
writers, as well devine, as prophane. 1603 Owen Pem-
brokesh. (1891) 235 A famouse Doctour of divinitie as
appeareth by his devyne works. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn.
1, Ded. § 2. 2 A rare Conjunction, as wel of divine and
sacred literature, as of prophane and humaine. 1720 Watts
Divine Songs Pref., This may sometimes give their thoughts
adivineturn, and raise a young meditation. [1840 CarLYLE
Heroes iii. (1872) 85, I give Dante my highest praise when
I say of his Divine Comedy that it is..genuinely a Song.]
+ 7. Foreboding, prescient. [a Latinism.] rave.
1667 Mitton P. L. 1x. 845 Yet oft his heart, divine of
somthing ill, Misgave him,
Comb., as divine-human, human and divine.
1884 Chr. World 11 Sept.688/2 The animal-human is very
obstructive to the Divine-human. 1892 Westcott Gosfel of
Life 254 (Christianity]is summed up in the facts ofa divine-
human life. 1893 Zadlet¢ g Dec. 933 The Divine-human
Mediator in heaven.
+ B. sd.1 Ods.
F. original.]
1. Divine service,
1480 W201 of Vavesour(Comm. Crt. Lond.), To sing Devyne
for my sowle. 1606 Sc. Acts Yas. V/ (1814) 327 (Jam.) Twa
clerkis to serue in the divines within the College kirk of
Creichtoun,
2. Divinity, theology.
1303 R. Brunne Handi, Synue 2890 Seynt austyn bat was
aclerk of dyuyne. /did. 11411 A master of dyuyne. 1362
Lanci, P. 22. A. Prol. 90 Bisschops Bolde and Bachilers of
diuyn. c¢1400 Rom. Rose 6490, I wole fillen.. My paunche
of good mete and wyne, As shulde a maister of dyvyne.
3. Soothsaying; conjecture; Divination.
¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 282 Merlyn, in his deuyn,
of him has said, Pat pre regions, in his bandons, salle be laid.
— Chron. Wace (Rolls) 8092 On pis manere myghte Merlyn
Be geten & born, by oure deuyn.
4. Divine nature, divinity.
1393 Gower Conf. II. 132 Bachus .. Accordant unto his
divine A prest..He had.
Divine (divai-n), sd.2 Also 4-5 devine, -vyne,
dy-. [a. OF. devi soothsayer (13th c. in Littré),
also later devin, divin theologian (15th c. in
Godef.) ; the former the popular descendant of L.
divin-us soothsayer (become *devin-us in late L.);
the latter repr. med.L. divinus doctor of divinity,
theologian; both subst. uses of L. divinus adj.
In both senses conformed in Eng. to the L. spelling.]
+1. A diviner, soothsayer, augur ; a pang seer.
13.. £. E. Allit. P. B. 1302 Dere Daniel also, bat watz
deuine noble. 1340 Ayend. 1 a deuines and be wichen
and pe charmeresses bet workep pe dyeules crefte. ¢1374
Cuaucer 7voylus 1.66 A gret Deuyn pat cleped was Calkas
: tt Troye sholde destroyed be By answere of
his god. ¢1430 Lyne. Bochas u. i. (1554) 42 b, Saul had
cast out all diuines From Israell, and eche diuineresse.
1525 Lp. Berners /o/ss. 11. ccxx [ccxvi]. 680 note, Of these
deuins, arioles, and charmers, there were certayne brente at
Parys. 1577-87 Hounsuep Chron. I. 2/2 To deriue the
name of their diuines called aot from him [Magus].
2. One who has officially to do with ‘divine
things’; formerly, any ecclesiastic, clergyman, or
priest ; now, one skilled in divinity; a theologian.
©1380 Wyciir Ser. Sel. Wks. I. 376 Bastard dyvynes
seien..pat bes wordis of Crist ben fals. 1388 — Bible Prol.
xiii. 51 ee that schulden passe othere men in clen-
nesse and hoolynesse. ¢ 1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 7503
He was a clerke and gude deuyne. 4 Suaks. Merch.
V.1. ii. 16 It is a good Diuine that followes his owne
instructions, 1662 GauDEN (¢it/e) The works of Mr. Richard
Hooker, that learned godly judicious and eloquent Divine.
1791 BosweLt Fohnson 30 Aug. an. 1780, He wrote a young
cheques -. the following .. letter, which contains valu-
[absolute uses of the adj., or its
.. Knew wel
DIVINE.
able advice to Divines in general. 1847 Emerson Poems,
Problem Wks. (Bohn) I. 401 ‘Taylor, the Shakespeare of
divines. 1874 L. Sternen ours in Library (1892) I. ix.
305 We see in him the gentle mystic rather than the stern
divine. ; ae:
+b. Applied to non-Christian writers on thco-
logy, and to the priests of heathen religions. Ods.
1387 ‘Trevisa //igdex (Rolls) III. 219 (Matz.) Among alle
manere of philosofres bey pat were icleped deuynes [gai
theologi vocabantur) bere pe prys. 1587 Gotpinc De Mor-
nay x. 144 Pythagoras and all the old Diuines affirme, that
God or the onely One is the beginner of all things, 16x
Suaxs. Wint, 7. i. i. 19 The Oracle (Thus by Apollo's
great Diuine seal’d vp).
Divine (divain), v. Also 4-5 devine, -vyne,
dyvine, -yne. [a. F. devine-r (12th c.) to re-
count, signify, wish, prophesy, ad, L. divindre to
foretell, predict, after devez divine : see prec.]
I. Transitive senses.
+1. To make out or interpret by supernatural or
magical insight (what is hidden, obscure, or unin-
telligible to ordinary faculties) ; hence, in later use,
to interpret, explain, disclose, make known. Ods.
13.. £. E. Adit. P. B. 1561 Pat con dele wyth demerlayk,
& deuine lettres. 1362 Lanci. 2P. Pd. A. vin. 138 Daniel
deuynede pe Dremels of a Kyng. 1393 /é¢d. C. 1.217 What
“this metals by-meneb Diuine 3e. /é7d. xxu. 240 He tauhte..
somme to dyuyne and dyuyde, numbres tokenne. a@ 1400-50
Alexander 1905 Now pou. .graithis me trouage, With all pis
dignites be-dene pat I diuined haue. c1g500 Blowdsol’s Test.
in Halliw. Nuge Poet. 5 Vhe cause why I shall to you
devyne. @1625 FLretcuer Nice Valour 11.1, I can.. Divine
my mind to you.
. To discover or indicate by means of the di-
vining rod. s072ce-205€.
1890 Pall Mall G.9 June 6/3 The boy has now been en-
gaged to go to Australia to ‘divine’ the underground water
and minerals of its arid and auriferous regions.
2. To make out by sagacity, intuition, or fortu-
nate conjecture (that is, in some other way than by
actual information); to conjecture, guess.
ERSON IWrit. (1859) II. 37 He could not
of this extraordinary change. 1847 Eemer-
son Repr. Men, Swedenborg Wks. (Bohn) I. 312 In common
parlance, what one man is said to learn by experience,a man
of extraordinary sagacity is said, without experience, to
divine. 1863 Mrs. OvipHant Salem Ch. ii. 28 He began to
divine faintly .. that external circumstances do stand for
something. P
3. To have supernatural or magical insight into
(things to come); to have presentiment of ; hence
gen. to predict or prophesy by some kind of special
inspiration or intuition.
1374 Cuaucer Troylus w. 361 (389) But who may al
eschewe or al deuyne? _c 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) viii. 29
Ober thinges pai pronostic and diuines by be colours of ba
flawmes. 1555 EpEeN Decades 47 ‘They diuined the destruc-
tion of theyr countrey. 1594 SHaks. Nich. ///, 11.11. 18 To
shun the danger that his Soule diuines. 1663 Butier Hud.
1. ii, 833 None. .could divine To which side Conquest would
incline. 1790 Burke #7. Kev. Wks. V. 374 Truly it is not
easy to divine what that army may become at last. _ 1855
Bain Senses & Int. 1. ii. § 23 To infer beforehand, or divine,
the characters that we should find.
+4. Of things: To point out, foreshow, prognos-
ticate, portend. Ods.
1596 Drayton Leg. tv. 69 This prodigious sign..some
strange Newes though ever it divine, yet forth them not
immediately it brings. 1657 Cokaine Obstinate Lady 1. ii,
What envious star when I was born divin’d ‘This adverse
Fate? 1712 Swirt Sid Hamet 22 A certain magick rod..
divines Whene’er the soil has golden mines. 1847 EMErson
Poems, Initial Love Wks. (Bohn) 1. 457 All things wait for
and divine him f
+5. To think or conceive of, devise, contrive, by
special inspiration or extraordinary sagacity. Ods.
1393 Lanai. P. P2.C. xu. 265 Dauid be doughty..deuynede
how Vrye Mighte slilokeste be slayn. ¢1450 Henryson
Mor. Fab. 11 All courses that Cookes could deuyne. 1500-20
Dunsar Poems \xxxiv. 15 The lustiast ladie that nature can
devyne. 1598 Yonc Diana 225 So much force had one God
.. ouer each others soule, diuining the great and inuiolable
friendship that should be betweene him and me.
+6. To render divine; to canonize ; to divinize.
1sgr Spenser Dafhn. 214 Living on earth like Angell
new divinde. 1591 — Ruines of Time 611 Th’ Harpe..out
of the River was reard And borne above the cloudes to be
divin’d. 1622 Drayton Poly-olb. xxiv. 191 Leaving these
divin’d, to Decuman we come.. who was crown’d with
glorious martyrdom. *
+b. To call or style divine. Ods.
162x Br. Mountracu Diatride u. 353 Your nobling and
diuining him elswhere.
II. Intransitive senses.
7. To use or practise divination ; to obtain insight
into what is future or unrevealed by auguries, por-
tents, magical or occult devices ; to soothsay.
©1374 Cuaucer Troylus 11. 1696(1745) The folk deuyne at
waggynge ofastre. 1382 WycLir Ge. xliv. 5 The coppe..
in the which my Lord is wonte to dyuyne, 1388 — /sa.
xliv. 25 i98 tae that dyuynen by sacrifices offrid to
feendis. 1 Trevisa Barth, De P. R. xv. lii. (1495) 507
pre in® a -haue preg 7 for theys jynee, _
lyuyne by his meuynge. 1 IBLE ay) Lev. xix. 2
You shal not divine, nor observe dreames. FRYER
70*-2
DIVINELY.
Acc. E, India & P. 372 They go to some learned Doctor,
who Divines by the Alcoran. 1726 De For Hist. Devil
ut, vi. 1835-49 Lane Mod, Egypt. 11. 111 ‘They [Gypsies]
mostly divine means of a number of shells, with a few
pieces of coloured glass, money, etc., intermixed with them.
8. To foretell by divine or superhuman power ;
to prophesy. arch.
1362 Lanct. P. PZ. A. vit, 143 As Daniel diuinede hit fel
in dede after. 1606 Suaks. Ant. & C/. 1. vi. 123 If I were
bound to Diuine of this vnity, I wold not Prophesie so. 1860
Emerson Cond. Life i. (1861) 19 We are as lawgivers; we
speak for Nature; we prophesy and divine. 1887 Bowen
Virg. Aineid . 246 Cassandra of coming evil divined.
9. To conjecture (as to the unknown or obscure) ;
to make an inference by conjecture, insight, intui-
tion, or other means than actual information.
r Lancu. P. Pi. A. xt. 138 Pe deppore I diuinede pe
derkore me pou3te. c¢ 1386 Cuaucer Wife's Prol. 26 Men
may deuyne and glosen vp and doun. 1604 Suaxs. Ofh.
1. il. 39 Something from Cyprus, as I may diuine. 1851
CarLyLe Sterling u. ii. (1872) 100 The meanest have a
dignity .. and hence, as I divine, the startling whirl of
incongruous juxtaposition.
+b. with of, on, ufon: To make conjectures
about or concerning; to augur from. ds.
©1374 Cuaucer Troylus i. 409 (458) Lest ony wyght
dyuynen or deuyse Wolde of hem two. ¢ 1386 -- Axt.'s 7.
1657 The paleys ful of peples. . Dyvynynge of thise Thebane
knyghtes two. 1§13 More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 766
‘The people diverslye devinyng upon this dealing. a 1§92
Greene Yas. /V, v. v, Whereon divine you, Sir2 1603
Knoties Hist, Turks (1621) 857 Thereof would diversely
divine every man according to his own fantasie. 1653 Hot-
crort Procopius 1.29 The Romans divining upon it, were
confident of the Emperours prevailing in this Warr. 1725
Pore Odyss. 1. 144 At chess they vie, to captivate the queen ;
Divining of their loves.
Hence Divi'ned ///. a. (in quot., Made divine).
1624 Quartes Sion’s Sonn. in Farr S. P. Fas. / (1848) 140
The glory of thy divined place No age can injure, nor yet
time deface.
+ Divinely, ¢. [1. prec. adj. + -Ly1.] Divine.
c1400 Test. Lowe 111. (R.) Philosophy is knowing of deuinely
and manly things ioyned with study of good liuing. 159°
Rastett Bk. Purgat. u. xi, The infinyte dyvynely Su
staunce, sear
Divinely (divainli), adv. [f. Divine a. +
-LY2.] In a divine manner or way.
1. By or as by the agency or power of God.
1594 Srenser A moretti |xi, As she is, divinely wrought,
And of the brood of Angels hevenly borne. 1662 STILLINGFL.
Orig. Sacr. 11. vi. § 2 Whatever comes under Divine know-
ledge, may be Divinely revealed. ax BEvERIDGE Serm.
I. xviti.(R.) In his divinely-inspired judgment. 1850 TeNny-
son /x Alem. \xiv. 2 As some divinely gifted man. 1876
J. Parker Paraci. 1. iii. 23 1f the Bible is divinely inspired,
it follows that it is divinely authoritative.
2. Asor like God; ina godlike manner; with an
excellence or perfection more than human.
1582 Hester Secr. ’hiorav. u1.iv. 9 Because this composi-
tion worketh diuinely, I called it Angelico. 1585 T. Wasu-
INGTON tr. Nicholay's Voy. 1. xxiii. 139 Cleere and fayre
fountaines dyvinely wrought. 1667 Mitson P. L. 1x. 489
Shee fair, divinely fair, fit love for Gods. 1728 Youn Odes
to King Wks. 1757 1. 173 Its stream divinely clear, and
strong. 31822 W. Irvine Braces. //all 35 An elegant young
man .. who danced a minuet divinely, 1832 ‘TENNYSON
Dream Fair Wom. 87 A daughter of the Gods, divinely
tall And most divinely fair.
+3. Ina holy or pious manner. Ods.
1594 Suaks. Rich. [//, un. vii. 62 He is .. with two right
reuerend Fathers Diuinely bent to Meditation. 1595 — Fohn
ul. i. 237 This right hand, whose protection Is most diuinely
vow'd vpon the right Of him it holds. 1682 Norris ///erocles
8 They proceed from a divinely disposed mind.
+4. After the manner of divinity. Ods.
1607 Torse.t Serpents (1658) 591, 1 purpose not to follow
these things Philosophically..but rather ‘Divinely.
+ Divinement. Ods. [f. Divinz v. + -MENT.]
The action of divining ; divination.
— Nortu Plutarch (1676) 33 That which they write
of Romulus divinements, maketh great difference between
him and Theseus. /é7d. 589 Priests and Soothsayers, that
did sacrifice and purifie, and tend upon divinements,
Divineness (divai-nnés). spas
1. The quality or state of being divine ; divine
nature, character, or origin ; divinity, sacredness.
1579-80 Nortu Plutarch (1676) 84 The common nature of
man, that hath in it both Divi , and i beastly
brutishness. 1587 Gotpinc De Mornay xxxii. 507, 1 haue
+.prooued the tr and diui of the Scriptures,
1640 Br. Reyvnotps Passions i. 2 Their admirable Motions
and Order, in which the Heathen have acknowledged
a Divineness. 1718 Free-thinker No. 54 P11 The real Ex-
cellency and Divineness of Virtue. 1843 Cartyte Past 4
Pr. 1. xii, In all true Work. . there is something of divineness.
2. Superhuman or supreme excellence.
1580 Sipney A rcada (1622) 321 Besought him to repeate
it againe, that .. his minde might bee the better acquainted
with the diuinenesse thereof. 1611 Suaxs. Cymtd, ul. vii. 45
Behold Diuinenesse No elder then a Boy,
Diviner (divoino1). Forms: 4-5 devinor,
-vynour, dyvynour, 5-7 divinour, 5~ diviner.
(ME. and AF. devinour, divinour =OF. devineor,
-cour, -ur (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), agent-n. from
¥. deviner to Divixk, corresponding to L. divind-
tor-em Divinator. Down to 1500 regularly
stressed dewinowr, devi: . In sense 2, app.
{. F. devin, divin sb.: cf. philosoph-er.]
1. One who practises divination ; a soothsayer,
prophet, seer; a magician, sorcerer.
| knoweth.
556
¢ 1330 R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 8107 seide alle
my dyuinours, 1382 Wycuir Deut. xviii. 10 Ne be foundun in
thee. .that askith dy rs. 1368 — Fer. xxvii. 9 -
neris by chiteryng and fleyng of briddis. 1483 Caxton 4
Leg. 234 b/2 The deuynour had told hym that he shold
deye within fyue dayes. 145 Jove Exp. Dan. v. (R.) He
fled to his w men of the worlde, to his diuiners and
charmers. to Hotianp Camden's Brit. 1. 649 The ..
Divinour or Prophet of the Britans, I mean Merlin. 168:
Drvyven Ads. & Achit. 238 The People’s Pray’r, the glad
Diviner’s Theme, The Young men’s Vision and the Old men’s
Dream! 1 ‘ope Odyss. 1. 524 Vain diviner’s dreams
divert her fears. 1860 Hoox Lives A dfs. (1869) 1. v. 22
The bishops .. were required .. to banish .. diviners
fortune-tellers. 1881 Folk-lore Record 1V. 106 Very lately
an eminent man .. employed a diviner to look for mines on
his property with a divining rod.
b. A successful conjecturer or guesser.
og Locke Hum. Und. u. i. (1695) 48 He must be a nota-
ble Diviner of Thoughts, that can assure him, that he was
thinking. 1856-61 Maurice Critics in Friendship Bhs. xiii.
(1874) 377 Richard Bentley was one of the subtlest diviners
of the meaning of obscure SE
+2. A divine, a theologian. Ods.
1377 Lancv. /. P21. B. x. 452 Pe doughtiest doctour and
deuynoure of pe trinitee Was au age ks olde. bid. xu.
114 Sire doctour .. What is dowel and dobet ? 3e deuynours
1393 /did. C. xvi. 85 This doctor and diuinour
and decretistre of canon. 1552 uLoet, Diuinour or wryter
US.
| of holy scripture, agiogrg
b. =Drvixe s6.*%2 b; also, a wise man, sage.
1 Trevisa //igden (Rolls) III. 65 Thales..pis naturel
philosofer and dyuynour. a 1400-50 Alexander 1545 Doc-
| tours & diuinours & othire dere maistris.
Divineress (divainarés). Also 4-6 de-, (5
-ourese). [a. OF. devineresse (12th c. in Hatz.-
Darm.), fem. of devineur DivINER: see -ESS.] A
female diviner ; a prophetess; a sorceress, witch.
¢. 1374 Cuaucer Jroylus v. 1522 Pow sorceresse With al pi
fals gost of prophesie Thow wenest ben a grete deuyneresse !
1440 J. Suirtey Dethe K. Fames (1818) 14 The said woman
Yreland, that clepid herself a dyvenourese. 1480 Caxton
Ovid's Met. xi. vi, And Cassandra, hys doughter, the
devyneresse. 4 1833 Lp. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel.
xxvi. (1546) M ij, A woman diuineresse, or contrary, a soth-
sayer. 1681 H. More /ostscript to Glanvill’s Sadducismus
1. (1726) 24 Do the office of a Divineress, or a Wise-woman.
1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev. I. v. ii. (1872) 177 A black
Divineress of the Tropics prophesied..that she should be
a Queen, 1848 J. A. Cartyve tr. Dante's Inferno xx, The
wretched women who. .made themselves divineresses.
+ Divinesse. 0/s. [Compressed variant of
divineness ; perh. with some thought of F. -esse, as
in richesse and Eng. idlesse: cf. deg) sie
etc.] a. Divination. b. Divineness, divinity ;
divine quality or character.
1594 Carew Huarte’s Exam. Wits iv. (1596) 46 The first
who tearmed these maruellous matters by the name of
diuinesse was Bivppersies and that if any such point of |
diuinesse bee found in the disease, that it manifesteth also
a prouidence. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. u. iv. § 2. 18 Poesie
..was euer thought to haue some participation of diuinesse.
Ibid. § 4. 19 Enquirers into truth .. will despise those
delicacies and affectations, as indeede capable of no diui-
nesse,
Diving (dai-viy), v/. 5d. [f. Dive v. +-1NG 1.)
The action of the verb Dive, in its various senses.
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xu. xxvi. (1495) 429 By
manere of plungynge and of dyuynge. 1614 RowLanps
Fooles Bolt 37 A common Scould, her furious heate must
coole: Wash'd by her diuing in a Cucking stoole. 1743-
R. Pococke Trav. (Camden) Il. 129 The curious manner
diveing which they lately began, in order to raise what they
could of the wreck. 1884 (¢¢/e) Divings into Scripture and
Sprinkling of Wisdom for Little Folk.
b. attrib. and Comb., as diving-bladder, -boat,
-engine, -helmet, -machine, DiV1NG-BELL, etc,
160r Br. W. Barrow Defence 143 The diuing poole of
Bethesda. 1661 Diving-engine [see Drecset | Me
Lond. Gaz. No. 2842/3 Letters Patents .. for a Diving-
Engine. 1752 Jounson Ramébler No. 199 ® 3 The first
experiment in nineteen diving engines of new construction.
oy Coens Cycl. Supp. Diving Bladder, a term used
by Borelli for a machine .. contrived for Diving under the
water to great depths .. The — all other diving ma-
chines are liable to are obviated. 1802 Naval Chron. VII.
270 The Diving-boat. . will be capaci h to c i
eight men. — Forsy boc. £. Anglia, Deving-pond,
a_pond from which water is drawn for domestic use, by
dipping a pail. 1 Cor. Hawker Diary (1893) II. 163
Inflating air into the diving machine, or rather diving dress,
of the man who was working under the sea. 1875 Ure's
Dict. Arts s.v. Diving-dress, The diving helmet is, in
principle, similar to the bell.
Di , fpl.a. [f. as prec. + -ING 2.]
That dives, in various senses of the vb.
1602 Fuisecke and Pt. Parall. Ded. 1 The industrious
search of some diuing braine. _@ 1639 Wortron in Redig.
Wotton, 402(R.) Let the diving Negro seek For ms hid
in some forlorn creek. 1712 Gay 7'rivia 1. 80 Guard well
thy pocket, for these syrens stand To aid the labours of the
diving hand.
a es names of various animals.
iving-buck or goat, a S. African antelope (C -
lophus mergens), the duyker-bok of the Boers ; Stee:
duck, the golden-eye duck (C/langula P egy 53H di -
pigeon, the lack guillemot or doveky (Uria Grylle);
“spider, Argyronecta aquatica, which lives in a
nest filled with air under water,
1694 Acc. Sev. Late Voy, u. (1711) 84 The first Diving
Pigeon I got..at Spitzber, 1786 Srarrman Voy, Cafe
G. H. U1, 243 The duyker-bok, or diving goat .. rising in
its leap with its neck erect, and in its descent bringing
it down between its legs .. had the of div!
and gave rise to pth 1813 Cou. psec Diary (1899)
DIVINITY.
1. 89, I got a diving duck, and should have had more shots.
1 ‘ames Birds 161 Diving duck
lbid. 218 Di
Dicisecbell. {1 Drviwe otis Bay oka
A strong heavy vessel, ah agri bell-shaped,
the bottom open, in which persons may descend
into deep water, respiration being sustained by the
compressed air at the top, or by fresh air supplied
by a forcing pump from above.
1661 Evetyn Diary 19 July, We tried our Diving-Bell,
or Engine, in the water-dock at Deptford. .it was made of
cast lead, let down with a strong cable. Phil. Trans,
XVII. 896 Means of weighing » sunken Vessels ., and
taking out the Goods by means of the Diving Bell. 1713
Deruam Phys. Theol. w. iii. note (R.), One of the divers
blew an horn in his diving-bell, at the bottom of the sea.
1716 Go.pvsm, Nat. Hist. 776) I. 24: The great diving-
bell improved by Doctor Halley, which was large enoug)
to contain five men. 1 co My Time xxiv. 212
Breathing with as much di ty..as he might have ex-
perienced in a diving-bell.
attrib, 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech. 1. 713/2 A diving-bell
company was formed in are in 1688. Jéid. 715/1
Diving-bell Pump, a pump having a casing divided by
a vertical partition into two chambers, which are provided
with inwardly and outwardly opening valves.
Divinify (divi-nifoi), v. [f. L. divin-us Divine
+(DFY; cf. detfy, etc.) ¢rans. To render divine ;
to regard as of divine nature, rank, or origin; to
divinize. Hence Divi-nified f/. a. ,
1633 A. H. Parthenia Sacra 204(T.) My beloved is white
and red .. white, for his blessed and divinified soul. 1660
Srantey Hist. Philos. 1x. (1701) 395/1 Good the Civil Virtues
render a Man, but the Sciences conducing to the Divine
Virtue divinifie. 1855 Baitey Afystic 32 And knew himself
divinified. 1892 Acres M. Cierke Fam. Sind. Homer 45
‘The same constellation. .under a divinified aspect.
Divi-ning, v//. sb. [f. Divine v. +-1NG1.]
1. The action of the verb Divine: a. Soothsay-
ing, prophecy, divination. b. Conjecture, guessing.
¢1340 Hampote Prose Tr. (1866) 9 In pis comandement es
forbodyn to gyffe troutke till socerye or till dyuynyngez by
sternys. ¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. v, pr. iii. 122 (Camb. MS.
Elles what difference is ther bytwixe the prescience
| thilke Iapeworthi dyuynenge of tyresye the dyuynor?
1483 Cath. Angi. 102 A Dyuynynge be fyre, piromancia.
A Dininyege ‘gets jdromancia, 1646 ¢; — title)
Astrologo-Mastix, or a Discovery of the Vanity Ini-
quity of Judiciall Astrology or Divining by the Starres. 1860
usey Min. Proph. Jonah i. 7 The lot for divining. .is
wrong, except by direct inspiration of God.
2. altrib., as divining-rod, -staff, -stick, -wand:
a rod, etc., used in divination ; sfec. a forked stick,
by means of which certain persons are reputed to
have the power of tracing and indicating subter-
raneous supplies of water and mineral veins. See
quots. ; also DowsiNnG-RoD.,
1656 Cow.ry Pindar. Odes, To Mr. Hobs iii, With fond
Divining-Wands, We search among the dead For ‘Treasures
buried. /éid. Note, Virgula Divina ; or a Divining-Wand
is a two-forked branch of an Hazel-Tree .. used for the
finding out either of Veins, or hidden Treasures of Gold or
Silver; and being carryed about, bends downwards (or
rather is said to do so) when it comes to the place where
they lye. _ J. James tr. Le Blond's Gardening 188
To find out Water by the Help of a Hasel-Wand, called
a Divining-Stick. 1751 Gentil. Mag. Nov. 5 pe a
Antig.) So early as Agricola the divining Rod was in
much request, and has obtained great dit for its dis-
covering where to dig for Metals and Springs of Water
.» lately it has been revived with great success. 1816 ~
Scorr Antig. xvii, 1883 P. Ronixson in Harper's Mag.
Oct. 708/1 The divining-rod finds its essors and dis-
ciples .. in eve A ag: the world, Exwortny W,
Somerset Word ., Dowse, to use the divining-rod for the
purpose of finding springs of water.
Divi-ning, ///. a. [f. as prec.+-1NG®.] That
divines, foresees, or conjectures ; soothsaying, pro-
hesying, conjecturing, guessing, etc.
"i Wycuir 1 ingens There is a womman havynge
a dyvynynge spirite in Endore. 1593 Suaks. 3 //en, V'/, iv,
vi. 69 If secret Powers but truth To my divining
thoughts. 1697 Dryvpen Aneid vi. 54 The divinin,
dame, The priestess of the god, Deiphobe her name. 18
Geo. Euor Dan. Der. vy. xxxix, This dreadfully divining
personage—evidently Satan in grey trousers. .
+ Divini‘potent, a. Ods. rare—°. [ad. L.
ee sg in divination.
1656 Biount G: ivinipotent, that hath power in
divine things. 1727 in Bartey vol. LI.
vi . Obs. rare, [f. Divine v., or
divinour, DivinEr sb. : see -18TER.) A diviner.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Ant.'s 7. 1953 Therfore I stynte, I nam
no divimstre, <
+ Divinitize, v. Obs. rare—'. [irreg. f. Di-
VINITY +-1ZE.] = DIVINIZE.
J. E. tr. Behmen's Epist. Pref. 9 We .. Divinitize
our knowledge into an effectual working Love.
Divinity (diviniti). Forms: 4-6 de-, dy-,
divinite, 4-7 -tie. [ME. de-, divinite, a, OF.
devinité, -eté, -iteit (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.) theo-
logy, ad. L. divindtat-em godhead, divination, ex-
cellence, f. divin-as DIVINE: sce -ITY.
1. The character or quality of being divine; di-
vineness, godhood; divine nature; , Godhead,
snaps Sauces Deer, oe rede sale
Riivour Salmecioun 272 te crist warre flesshe and yr
verray divinit Furxe in Confer. m1. (1 y
The bemenion Cri after it was assumpted rae
DIVINITYSHIP.
Diuinitie, was absorpte of the same. c¢x610-15 Women
Saints, Agnes (1886) 147 Diuinitie dwelleth not in stones
but in heauen. 1667 hare P. L. 1x. 1010 They feel
Divinitie within them breeding wings. 1784 Cowrer 7ask
vi. 877 The veil is rent .. That hides divinity from mortal
eyes. 1884 Ruskin Pleas. Eng. 17 note, Arianism consists
not in asserting the subjection of the Son to the Father,
but in denying the subjected Divinity. k
2. concr. A divine prem, a god, a deity. Zhe
Divinity: the Deity, the Supreme Being, God.
1386 Cuaucer Sec. Nun’s T 316 Whil we seken thilke
diuinitee That is yhid in heuene. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De
P. R. 1. (7495) 8 Cryst Iesus very god and man is .. moost
blessyd and inestymable dyuynyte or deyte for all man-
kynde. 1602 Suaxs. //am, v. li. 10 There’s a Diuinity that
shapes our ends, Rough-hew them how we will. 1777
Rosertson Hist. Amer. (1778) IL. vit. 302 Its divinities
were clothed with terror. a io H. Hunter tr. St. Pierre's
Stud. Nat. (1799) Il. 76 It’s last and only end is the
Divinity hiinself” 1865 SerLtey Lecce Homo iv. (ed. 8) 3t
Their national Divinity had been theirking. 1875 WHITNEY
Life Lang. vy. 80 Mercury..the swift messenger of the
divinities. A
b. fig. An object of adoration, an adorable being.
1648 Bovte Seraph. Love vi. (1700) 49 A Lover, naming
what he worships, a Divinity. 1749 SMoLietr Gil Blas it.
ix, I perceived the divinity seated on a large sattin couch—
in a genteel deshabille. 1849 THackeray Pendennis vii,
Composing a most flaming and conceited copy of verses
to his divinity. :
3. Divine quality, virtue, or power ; god-likeness,
divineness.
1510-20 Everyman in Hazl. Dodsley 1. 133 These seven..
Gracious sacraments of high divinity. 1590 Spenser /. Q.
ut. v. 34 The goodly Maide, ful of divinities And gifts of
heavenly grace. 1598 SHaks. Merry W. v.i. 3 There is
Diuinity in odde Numbers, either in natiuity, chance, or
death. 1681-6 J. Scorr Chr. Life (1747) III. 71 ‘These
miraculous Signs of the Divinity of the Christian Doctrine.
1847 Tennyson Princ. 1. 207 To lift the woman's fall'n
divinity Upon an even pedestal with man.
4. The science of divine things; the science that
deals with the nature and attributes of God, His
relations with mankind, etc. ; theology ; the theo-
logical faculty in Universities. (The earliest
sense in English.)
cheat hail, (Scotland, etc.), a theological hall or
college. .
¢1305 Edmund Conf. 238 in E. FE. P. (1862) 77 To diuinite
as god wolde bis gode man him drou3. 1387 Trevisa
Higden (Rolls) I, 5 Of be pre vertues of deuynyte [//co-
logicarum virtutum]). c1400 Maunpev. (1839) xiii. 144
Athanasius was a gret Doctour of Dyvynytee. 1439 Z. /.
Wills (1882) 118, 1 woll that the maister of devenyte haue
xx li, 1556 Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 40 William Thurs-
ton abbot of Fowntens and bachelar of devinite..hongyd,
heddyd and qwarterd. 1599 Suaxs. /Y/ez. V,1. i. 38 Heare
him but reason in Diuinitie. 1690 Locke Gov?. 11. viii.
§ 112 They never dream’d of Monarchy being Yure Divino
.+ till it was revealed to us in the Divinity of this last Age.
1722 De For Moll Flanders (1840) 303 The ordinary of
Newgate .. talked _a little in his way, but all his divinity
ran upon confessing my crime, as he called it. 18:
Coreriwce Jadde-t. 14 Mar., Divinity is essentially the
first of the professions, because it is necessary for all at all
times, 1849 Macautay //ist. Eng. I. iv. 498 Three poor
labouring men, deeply imbued with this unamiable divinity.
b. Applied also to the theological systems of
heathen nations or philosophers.
1669 GALE Crt, Gentiles 1. 1. ii. 12 Plato acknowlegeth
that he received the .. choicest of his Divinitie from the
Phenicians, 1754 Suertock Disc, (1759) I. iv. 145 The
‘Religion and Divinity of the Vulgar in the Days of
Heathenism. 1855 Mitman Lat. Chr. (1864) II. 1v. vil. 365
He..was versed in all the divinity of the Greeks.
+5. =Drvination 1. Obs. rare.
1481 Caxton M/yrr, 1. xiii. 39 By this Arte and science
[Astronomye] were first emprysed .. alle other sciences of
decrees and of dyuinyte. 1601 Hottanp Pliny I. 28 This
diuinitie or fore-telling of Anaxagoras.
6. attrib. (esp. in reference to the Faculty of Di-
vinity at the Universities), as divinity act, book,
chair, lecture, man, school, etc.; divinity-calf
(Bookbinding), dark brown stained calf decorated
with blind stamping, without gilding: used for
theological works. (Zaehnsdorf, Hist. Book.
1895.)
3548 Upatt Erasm. Par, Pref. (R.) A full library of all
g diuinity-books. a1gss Latimer Serm. & Reni. (1845)
291 We..appointed you to appear before us. .in the divinity
school, a place for disputations. 1641 ‘SmecryMNuus’ A nsv.
v. (1653) 22 Such as were able to preach, or keepe a Divi-
nitie Act. 1670 Eacuarp Cont. Clergy 97 If a young
divinity-intender has but got a sermon of his own or of his
father's .. he gets a qualification, cx680 HickERINGILL
Wks. (1716) 1. 79 The Tongues and Pens of the thriving
Divinity-men, ay hy Norris Pract, Disc. (1711) II.
83 Acceptable .. from the Pulpit as from a Divinity.
Chair. 1709 Hearne Collect. 6 Nov. The Divinity-
Bedell’s Staff. 1785 J. Truster Mod. Times 1. 138 A
register office for parsons, a kind of divinity-shop. . for hirin
of preachers. 1846 McCutiocn Acc. Brit. Empire (1854
Il. 341 Attendance on divinity lectures is requisite.
Divi-nityship. [f. prec. +-sup.]
1. The status or personality of a divinity; deity-
ship, godship. :
1689 Hickerincitt Ws. (1716) I. 423 The Keys of the
Church, to which he has as good right as your D.D.
Divinityship. 1788 Disinteresied Love 1. 19 "is to her
divinityship I pay my adoration, 1811 Suettey Let, fo E,
Hitchener, Truth is my God. . yours is reducible to the same
simple Divinityship, 1834 L. Hunt Towx (1858) The
first time he [Henry VIII] had discovered the possibility of
such ou impiety towards his barbarous divinityship.
557
2. Knowledge of or skill in divinity.
1762 Sterne 7y. Shandy VI. xxxvi, Plato’s opinion,
which with all his divinityship,—I hold to be damnable.
Diviniza‘tion. [f. next + -arion.] The ac-
tion of divinizing, or condition of being divinized.
1840 Mitt Diss. §& Disc., Grecian Hist. (1859) II. 310 The
basis of that was a dona fide personification and divinization
of the occult causes of phenomena, 1873 M. Arnotp //¢.
§& Dognia (1876) 38 ioe peeterstion and divinjsation of this
natural bent of mankind. i>
Divinize (di-vinoiz), v. [ad. F. dviniser (16th-
17th c. in Hatz.-~Darm.) to render divine, deify, f.
divin DIVINE: sce -1ZE.]
1. trans. To make or render divine; to deify.
1656 Biount Glossogr., Divinise, to make divine or
heavenly. @1743 A. M. Ramsay Nat. & Rev. Relig. i.
gor (R.) The predestinarian doctors have divinized cruelty,
wrath, fury, vengeance, and all the blackest vices. 1890
NeweE tv S¢. Patrick 70 He divinised the powers of nature
because he feared them. ne _
+2. intr. To become divine; to act as a divine
being. Ods. rare.
1685 Gracian’s Courtiers Orac. 163 By Divinizing, one
gets Respect, by Humanizing, Contempt.
Hence Di'vinized ff/. a.; Di-vinizing v//. sb.
1837 Tait’s Mag. 1V. 459 This divinizing of ‘myself’
this deification of the individual man. 1839 Battey /es/us
(1854) 164 The form Of Divinized humanity.
Divino-poli‘tical, a. nonce-wd.
taining to divine polity. -
1668 H. More Div. Dial. v. x. (1713) 437 The meaning of
Ezekiel’s Mercavah is not Physical, but Moral, Spiritual, or
Divino-political, if 1 may so speak. 1684 — Ax dAnuswer
241 The Divino-political sense of that Vision,
ivis(e, obs. forms of Drvick, DEVISE.
+ Divisse, sd. Obs. [a. OF. de-, divise, ad. late
L. divisa (med.L. in Du Cange) division, boundary,
fem. sb. from pa. pple. of d7vidére: see DEVISE,
and cf. the town name Dev7zes, formerly ‘The De-
vizes’, med.L. Divesve.] Boundary ; A/. bounds.
¢ 1575 Batrour /racticks (1754) 434 (Jam.) Divisis betwix
sic landis pertening to sic ane man, on the ane part, and sic
landis pertening to sic ane uther man on the uther part.
bid. 438 Divises, meithis and merchis.
+ Divise, « Ols. Also 5 de-. [ad. 1.. divis-
us, pa. pple. of dividére to DivibE: ef. OF. devis
divided.] Divided; separate, distinct.
c1420 Pallad, on Husb. 1. 416 In March orenge is sette
in sondry wyse : Thai loveth lande that rare is and divise.
1677 Gate Crt. Gentiles LL. 1v. 255 The Author of the Bo
[says] ‘the name One is truely said o that which is indivise
in it self and divise as to althings else’.
Hence + Divi'sely adv., separately (ods.).
1449 Pecock Refr. ut. xviii. 398 Ioyntli and deviseli.
1552 Hutort, Diuisely, seorsum, seorsus, separatin.
iviser, obs. form of DEVISER, Divisor.
Divisibility (divizibi-liti). [f next + -1ry;
ef. F. déivistbilité (15th c. in Godet. Seppi.).]
1. The quality of being divisible ; capacity of being
divided into parts, or among a number of persons.
1644 Dicsy Nat. Bodies u. viii. (1645) 15 Divisibility, or
acapacity to be divided into partes. 1691 Norris Pract.
Disc, 52 That endless. .Controversy concerning. .the infinite
Divisibility of Quantity. 1710 BerkeLey Princ. Hu.
Knowl. § 47 The infinite divisibility of Matter is now
universally allowed. 1831, LarpNer Pxenmat. iii. 237
Numerous physical analogies favour the conclusion, that
the divisibility of matter has a limit. :
2. Math. Capacity of being divided without re-
mainder,
Divisible (divirzill), a. (sb.) Also 6-7 de-.
(ad. L. divistbel-’s (Tertullian, 3rd c.), f. divis-
ppl. stem of divédére to Divine: cf. F. dévistble
(Oresme, 14th c.).] Capable of being divided.
1. Capable of being divided into parts (actually,
or in thought); capable of being divided into
kinds or classes, distinguishable ; capable of being
divided or distributed among a number.
1§52 Hu oer, Deuisible, or able to be parted or deuided,
deniduus. 1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lv. § 7 In as much
as that infinite word is not diuisible into parts, it could not
in part, but must needs be wholly incarnate. 1665 Hooke
Microgr, 2 Certainly the quantity or extension of any body
may be divisible iz infinitum, though perhaps not the
matter, 1777 Priesttey Matt. §& Spir. (1782) I. iii. 38
Every particle of matter is infinitely divisible. 188x Mrvarr
Cat 14 The Cat’s entire frame is divisible into head, neck,
trunk, tail, and limbs. 1891 Law Times 106/2 The bene-
ficial interest. .is to be divisible amongst the next of kin.
2. Math. Of a number or quantity: +a. To be
divided ; forming the dividend (0ds.). b. Capable
of being divided without remainder (4y).
1579 Dicces Stratiot. 9 The number divisible. 1709-29
V. Manvey Syst. Math., Avith. 23 use 4869 [i.e.
4+8+6+9] make 27, a number divisible by 9, therefore
also 4869 may be divided by 9. 1 « CHampers Cyc/.
s.v. Number, Primitive, or prime Number is that, which
is only divisible by unity .. Compound Number is that
divisible by some other number besides unity; as 8, divisible
by 4, and by 2. Mod, A number is divisible by 9 if the
sum of its digits is divisible by 9.
+ B. sb. divisible body. Ods.
1665 GLANVILL Scefsis Sci. v. (R.), The composition of
bodies, whether it be of divisibles or indivisibles.
Hence Divi'sibleness, divisibility; Divi'sibly
adv., in a divisible manner, so as to be divisible;
+ in small portions (oés.).
1558 Bre. Watson Sev. Sacra. vii. 40 Gods onely begotten
Of or per-
DIVISION.
sonne goeth into euery man diuisiblye that receyueth him.
1649 Jer. Taytor Gt. Exenp, Ad Sect. v. § 7 ‘The use of
reason comes at no definite time, but insensibly and divisibly.
@1691 Boyte (J.), Naturalists disagree about .. the in-
definite divisibleness of matter. — Wks. I. 376 (R.) The
divisibleness of nitre into fixed and volatile parts.
Division (divi-zan). Forms: 4-6 devi-, divi-
sioun, etc. (with usual interchange of z and y, -oxz
and -ou), 4 deveseoun, devyseoun, 5 Sc. dy-
wysiown, 5-7 divisione, 4- division. [ME.
de-, divisioun, a. OF. devistun, division, ad. 1.
division-em, n. of action f. divédére to DivivE.]
I. As an action or condition,
1. The action of dividing or state of being divided
into parts or branches ; partition, severance.
¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. ui. pr. xi. 77 (Camb. MS.) But fyr
{fleeth] and refuseth alle deuysyon. /6éd. m1. pr. ix. [see
Divive v. 1). cxq00 Lanfranc’s Cirurg, 26 Pese arteries
ben deuydid many weies; whos dyuysiouns man mai nou3t
conseyue bi his witt. 1559 W. Cunnincuam Cosmogr.
Glasse 111 By..the devision of th’ Earth ifto zones. 1601
Suaks. 7ived. N. v. i, 229 How haue you made diuision of
your selfe? 1634 Sir T. Hersert 7yvav. 136 Babylon ..
there first hapned the division of Languages from one .. to
seventie two. 1726 tr. Gregory's Astron. 1, 237 Vhe Division
of Time into Hours, Days, and Weeks. 1840 LarpNer
Geom, ix. 109 Let the line..be divided into three parts, at
Cand D..and, from the points of division C and D let per-
pendiculars be drawn, 1875 Jowrtr /’/ato ied. 2) IIL. 2
ae division into books .. is probably later than the age of
ato,
b. Separation, partition, parting.
1535 CoverDALE 2 Esdras vi. 41 To make a deuysion
betwixte the waters, that the one parte might remayne
aboue, and the other beneth. 1634 Massincer Very
Woman i. i, Plays (1868) 499/1 We may meet again, But
death’s division is for ever, friend. 1864 ‘TreNNyson //igher
Hantheism 6 'Vhis weight of body and limb, Are they not
sign and symbol of thy division from Him?
e. Camb. Univ. The partition of the term into
two halves; the point of time at which the term is
thus divided.
1803 Gradus ad Cantab. s.v. Term-Trotters, young men
who contrive to be ¢z College the night before the division
of the term, and ovf of it the morning after the close, 1852
Bristep Lug. University 63 After ‘division’ in
Michaelmas and Lent ‘Terms, a student, who can as
a good plea for absence to the College authorities, may go
down. 1896 W. Atpis Wricur in Letter, The division of
term still marks a period for certain purposes.
+d. ‘Methodical arrangement, disposition ’
(Schmidt). Ods.
1604 Suaxs. O//. 1. 1. 23 A Fellow.. That neuer set a
Squadron in the Field, Nor the deuision ofa Battaile knowes
More then a Spinster.
2. The action of distributing among a number ;
distribution, partition, sharing.
Division of labour, in Pol. Econ., the division of a process
of manufacture or an employment into parts, each of which
is performed by a particular person.
¢1380 Wycur Sed. Iks. IL. 341 God wolde suffre no
lenger 8 fend to regne oonli in 00 siche preest, but, for
synne pat pei hadden do, made devisioun amongis two.
1484 Caxton Fables of A¢sop i. vi, It is not good to have
partage and dyuysyon with hym which is ryche & myghty.
1555 Even Decades Contents (Arb.) 45 The debate and
strife betwene the Spanyardes and Portugales for the diui-
sion of the Indies. 160r Suaxs. 7iwed. NV. 111. iv. 380 Ile
make diuision of my present with you: Hold, there’s halfe
my Coffer. 1776 Apam Surry IW’. Nv. i. heading, Of the
Division of Labour. ‘he greatest improvement in the pro-
ductive power of labour, and [etc.]..seem to have been the
effect of the division of labour. 1878 Jevons Prim. Lol.
Econ, 33 Even in a single family there is division of labour:
the husband ploughs, or cuts timber; the wife cooks, man-
ages the house, and spins or weaves; the sons hunt or tend
sheep; the daughters employ themselves as milkmaids.
“i 3, The action of distinguishing, or of perceiving
or making a difference ; distinction. Ods.
1398 Cuaucer Jorturte 33, I haue the tawht deuisyoun
by-twene Frend of effect and frende of cowntenaunce.
c1geo Lancelot 1648 That Iustice be Elyk [=alike] With-
out diuisione baith to pur and ryk. 1553 T. Witson Rhet.
4b, The division is an openyng of thynges wherin we agree
and rest upon, and wherein we sticke, and stande in traverse.
1611 Bis_k £ rod. viii. 23, I will put a division between my
people and thy people.
4, The fact of being divided in opinion, senti-
ment, or interest; disagreement, variance, dissen-
sion, discord; an instance of this, a disagreement. °
1393 Gower Conf. III. 381 Division..many a noble
worthy town.. Hath brought to great adversite. ¢1477
Caxton ¥ason 71, I praye you..that ye kepe you from all
dyuysion and roncour. 1526-34 TinpaLce Xow, xvi. 17
Marke them which cause division..and avoyde them, 1611
Biste 1 Cor. xi. 18, I heare that there be diuisions [Wyct.
& Geneva, dissensions] among you. 1665 Sir T. HERBERT
Trav. (1677) 190 A bone of division betwixt the Turk and
Persian, 1712 W. Harrison in Szift's Corr. 16 Dec.,
To sow division between us. 1847 TENNYSON Princess U1.
62 Betwixt these two Division smoulders hidden,
5. Math. a. The action or process of dividing
one number or quantity by another, i.e. of finding
how many times the latter is contained in the
former, or, more generally, of finding a quantity
(the geotzent) which multiplied by the latter (the
divisor) will produce the former (the dividend) ;
the inverse of multiplication ; a rule or method for
doing this.
Long division (in Avith.), the method usually adopted.
when the divisor is greater than r2, in which the products
of the divisor by the several terms of the quotient are
DIVISION.
successively set down and subtracted from the correspond-
pF person of the dividend. Short division : the method
hen the divisor is 12 or less, in which ‘the quotient
558
7.51 The Funnel. .shou’d have
ind. 1797 Monthly Mag. I11.
are engraved divisions
1715 Desacutiers Fires [m,
several divisions to cut the
144 A pre circle, on which
is set down directly, without writing the ve oe
ducts. Compounp d., Simpte d.: see these words. Com-
plementary, direct, ‘and scratch d., ancient or te
methods of performing arithmetical division.
c1425 Craft Nombrynge (E.E.1.S.) 25 Pou schalt deuide
alle pe nounbre pat comes of multiplicacion by
eo figures..but 3et pou hast not pe craft of dyuision.
Recorpe Gr, Artes 126.a, If you would prove Multi-
ie ycation, the surest way is by Dyuision. /dzd. (1575) 148
Diuision is a distributing of a | ered summe by the vnities
of a lesser, Or Diuision 4 an Arithmeticall producing of a
thirde number. .which. .shall so often conteyne an vnit, as
the greater of the twoo propounded numbers doth containe
the | aaeoary 1690 Leysourn Curs. Math. a The ways of
performing Deis are divers. i raed — Syn.
Palmar. Matheseos 25 Division is a nifold Subduction ; :
or the taking of one Number..out of another, as often as
possible. 1823 H. J. Brooke /ntrod. Crystallogr. 299 The
division. .is effected by subtracting the logarithm of the
latter fraction fgom that of the former.
+b. The process of ‘dividing’ a ratio, i.e. sub-
stituting the difference of its terms for either of
them. Oés. (Now expressed by dividendo: cf.
COMPOSITION § c.)
1695 AtincHam Geom, Efit. 19 If A: B::C:D then by
Division of reason it will be as A-B:B ::C-D: D. 1827
Hetron Course Math, 1,325 The term Divided, or Division,
here means subtracting, or parting ; being used in the sense
opposed to compounding, or adding, in def. 86. P
6. Logic, etc. The action of dividing into kinds
or classes; separation of a genus into species,
called substantial division, or division per se;
classification; esf. in scholastic logic, a rough
kind of classification based on ordinary knowledge,
not on methodical investigation. Also, less strictly,
b. Enumeration of the parts of a whole, partition,
called partible division. ¢. Distinction of the
various significations of a term: called nominal
division, in opposition to which the two preceding
are also called real division.
15st T. Witson Logike (1567) 83 b, Euery man is either
wastfull or couetous .. This diuision i is not good, for, many
men offende in neither. 1597, Morty Jutrod. Mus.
Annot., As for the diuision, Musicke is either speculatiue
or practicall. 1656 Stantey Hist, Philos. v. (1701) 181/2
Of Divisions, one is a distribution of the Genus into Species,
and of the whole into parts;..Another is of a word into
divers significations, when the same may be taken several
ways. 1839 G. Biro Nat. Philos. 32 Absolute motion.
-relative motion. . Besides these, there are some other divi-
sions of motion. ‘[as] eae iar -accelerated. retarded. 1842
Asp. Tuomson Laws Th. lv. (1860) 82 Division is the
enumeration of the various co-ordinate species of which
a proximate genus is composed. 1864 Bowen Logic iv. 99
Division resolves the Extension [of a Concept] into its con-
stituent Genera and Species.
+ 7. Mus. The execution of a rapid melodic pas-
sage, originally conceived as the dividing of each
of a succession of long notes into several short
ones ; such a passage itself, a florid phrase or piece
of melody, a 1un ; es. as a variation on, or accom-
paniment to, a theme or‘ plain song’; hence often
nearly = Descant sé. Phr. Zo run division: to
execute such a passage or variation; also fig. (cf.
DESCANT v.) Obs.
1589 R. Harvey 72. Perc. (1590) 21 Diuisions framde
with such long discords, and not so much as a concord to
end withall, argues a bad eare. c1g92 Martowe Yew of
Malta w. iv, That kiss again ! She runs division of my
lips. 1596 Saks. 1 //en. /V, 111. i, 209 Ditties..Sung by a
faire Queene.. With ravishing Diuision to her Lute. 1628
Forp Lover's Mel. 1. i, He could not run division with
more art Upon his quaking instrument. 1674 PLayrorp
Séill Mus, uu. 101 A Bass-Viol for Divisions must be of less
size, 1737 BrackEN Farriery Impr. (1756)1. 308 Time will
not permit me to yun Divisions upon each of the Symptoms.
1779 Suerivan Critic 1. i, Signoras. .gargling glib divisions
in their outlandish throats. 1840 Penny Cycl. XVI. 21/2
s.v. Music, In the fine chorus .. when the line ‘ Hark !
hpw the thund ’ring giant roars’ occurs, he makes the bases
roar in a long division, till they nearly gasp for breath.
+b. fig. Variation, modulation. Ods.
3605 Siaks. Macé. 1. iii. 96 The King- becoming Graces
. | haue no rellish of them, but abound In the diuision of
each seuerall Crime, Acting it many wayes.
. The separating of the members of a legislative
body, etc. into two groups, in order to count their
votes ; in the British Houses of Parliament effected
by their passing into separate lobbies, the numbers
on each side being counted by tellers.
1620 Frul. Ho. Com, 13 Feb. 1. 520 A go whether the
I or Noe to go out. The Noe yielded, before Division of
the House. 1771 Gentd. Mag. XLI. 103 The Minority on
the —_ was 101, 1994 /bid. LXIV. 1. 727, The question
- was th wg deg and negatived without a division. 1871 M.
Coutins rg. §& Merch. II. iv. 115 He was in every
nw and sat out every debate,
I. What produces, or is Produced by, dividing.
9. ‘enlace that divides or marks separation ;
a dividing line or mark; a graduated scale (quot.
1669); a boundary; a partition.
.€139t Cuaucer Astro/. 1. § 19 Thise same strikes or diui-
siouns Azymuthz, had they ni the Orisonte
of thin astrelabie in 24 deuisiouns. 1559 W. CUNNINGHAM
Cosmogr. Glasse 6 Noting and observin, certaine divisions,
answe! unto .v. b ome one ralelles. 1669 Srurmy
Mariner s Mag. v. 76 On one side the slit you must place
a Division of Inches, and every Inch into 10 J Pts Divided.
of the moon. r
“10. One ott the wets into which anything is or
may be divided ; a portion, section.
one ct adicatureAct of of 387 35 naapeloag King’ s(Queen 's)
Pl ‘divisions’ of
= High Court of 5 oo ange Waren Division, King’s
Bench Division, Probate and d Atuteey Diviclen.
1374 Cuaucer Compl. Mars 273 To yow hardy knyghtis
of renoun, Syn that ye. be of my deuisioun. 1382 Wyctir
2 Chron, xxxi. 2 -sette prestis es and
Se: ytis bi their devediamn “echone in 1577
pro}
1. (1586) 35 b, The leafe jagged
= five divisions like a starre. 1711 Appison Sfect. No. 225
P 5 If we look into particular Communities an: Divisions of
Men..it is the discreet Man..who ge the Conversation.
1719 Swirt To Vug. Clergyman 1755 II, 11. 10 Desir-
ing you to express the heads Ad your divnicns in as few and
clear words as you possibl 1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII.
335/2 The total number the itmetropolitan police) force is
3486, who are placed in divisions, each division being em-
ployed in a distinct district. 1865 W. L. C. pega vii.
117 Forms, or divisions, as they are termed at Eton. xa
Devutscu Nem, 265 Our document contains six cies
divisions.
b. sfec. A portion of a country, territory, county,
district, etc., as marked off for some political, mili-
tary, administrative, judicial, or other purpose ;
e.g. the parliamentary or petty sessional divisions
of the counties of the United Kingdom, the mz/7-
tary divisions of the United States; the admint-
strative divisions of the Serpe (except Madras)
and provinces of British India, presided over by a
commissioner, and subdivided into ‘ districts’.
1640-1 Arrke hd br War-Comm., Min. Bk, (1855) 73 The
Committie ordaines that everie captaine, within this divi-
sione, bring in all the runawayes to the next Committie
day. 1709 Lutrret, Brief Rel. (2857) VI. 463 The con-
stable. .was out of his division. 4 bce . Gazetteer (ed. 2)
s.v. 7ruro, The quarter-sessions for its S. and W. divisions
being generally held here. 1802 Brookes Gazeteer (ed. 12),
Kesteven, one of the three divisions of Lincolnshire. 1835
Penny Cyel. 1V. 479/2 (Blackburn) A sort of supreme
authority is vested in two officers .. called high-constables,
one for the higher and the other for the lower division of the
hundred. 1837 /did. VIII. 4562 (Devonshire) The county
is divided into two parts for the purpose of parliamentary
representation : cack division sends two members. 1881
Imp, Gaz. India \, 531 Benares—a Division under a Com-
missioner in the North Western Provinces comprising the
six Districts of Azamgarh, [etc.]. 1 Oxford Direct.,
Oxford, the capital of and a polling place for the Mid division
of the county. .is locally in the hundred and petty sessional
division of Bullingdon.
e. Mil. and Naut. A portion of an army or fleet,
consisting of a definite number of troops or vessels,
under one commanding officer ; also applied to a
definite portion of a squadron or battalion (see
quots.) ; also, a portion of a ship’s company ap-
propriated to a particular service.
1597 Suaks. 2 Hen. /V,1. iii. 70 His diuisions .. Are in
three Heads: one Power against the French, And one
against Glendower: Perforce a third Must take vp vs. 1623
Bincuam Xenophon 108 When day-light a at euery
Coronell led his Diuision or Regiment to a villa, 1730-6
Baiey (folio), Division (in Marit. Affairs) he third part
of a naval army or fleet, or of one of the squadrons —
under a general officer. 1 lustr. Reg. Caval:
Each Squadron is to be told off—by Half squadrons. me
divisions. Eight sub-divisions. 1810 WeLLincton in Gurw,
Desp. V1. 79 An army composed of divisions. 1832 Kegud.
Lustr, Cavalry 1. 45 Diviston—In its strict ree the fourth
part of a Squadron. Divisions are numbered rst, ad, 3d, and
4th from the right. Smytu Sailor's Word-bk., Divi-
sion, a select number of ships in a fleet or squadron dis-
tinguished by a particular flag, pendant, or vane. 1879
Cassell’s Techn, Educ. 1V. 320'Two or three battalions are
usually formed into a brigade, two brigades into a division.
da. Nat. Hist. A section of a larger group in
classification: used widely of groups of higher or
lower ee as the divisions of a kingdom, class,
order, family, or genus.
1833 — 4 c ofthe I. sor/2 Cuvier.. laid down the following
oo0cE Heresbach's Husb,
— tal he animal kingdom: os ge onmy H Verte-
ated etc. ). Henrrey
Bot, u. ii. 203 Jussieu established his pinary divisions
of the Vegetable Kingdom on characters which .. define
really natural grow: these characters stood the three
divisions, Acoty, dodeas, Monocotyledons, and Dicotyledons,
Ibid. n. iii. 218 ? Subkiny dom I. Phanerogamia. . Division 1.
Angiospermia, 1888 Rotteston & Jackson Anim. Life
9 Amniota. . Three classes are included in this division
Varebrata, the Mammalia, Aves, and Reptilia.
+11. Aus. A florid melodic passage: see 7. Obs.
III. 12. attrib. and Combd., as division-bell,
-list, -lobby (sense 8), -maker, -making, etc. ; divi-
sion-mark (Mus.), a slur enclosing a numeral,
placed over or under a group of notes not in the
ordinary rhythm of the piece, (e.g. a triplet), and
showing the number of notes; division-plate (see
quot. 1874) 5 + division- viol, a smaller kind of
“bass-viol ’ , adapted for playing ‘ divisions’ (sense
7); ; the same as viola da gamba (obs.).
PALsor. 408 ——s a iy nor the Gaulles suffre
yng by this devysion mak _ 1656 Woop Life (Oxf.
Hist Soc.) 1. 208 a a rare musicion, i
for the Lyra violl and also for the Aivision violl. Cc
Simpson Deo The co gg or the Art of playing
ARLYLE Past me r. ae ix.
aG
(1845) 119 Potiamannry ‘rations division lists,
DIVISIVENESS.
funds. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Division-plate, the disk
or wheel in the gear-cutting lathe, which is pierced with
various circular systems of holes; each circle represents the
divisions of a circumference into a given number of parts.
1880 Strainer & Barrett Dict. Mus. Terms, Division viol,
a violin with frets u the finger-board. Times 1 Oct.
= ide drill, ive days ; division drill manceuvres,
‘our anda
Hence Divisionist, one who favours or advo-
cates division ; Divi‘sionless a., without divisions,
(in quot., Not taking part in a division).
MeCartiy Eng. gare nap nes ii. ii 37, A youthful
ambition to be division! 1889 Columbus (Ohio) Disp.
15 Jan., The divisionists are pes ie by the absence
from the house ., of [three members] in favour of division.
Divisional (divi-zanal), a. (sd.) [see -a1.]
1. Of the nature of division ; pertaining to, or
— for, division ; characterized wy Civision,
A. Hitt Let. to Ld. Bolingbroke 31 July, Wks. 17
Me x Let this divisional contract hetwees as a
encourage a corres ence. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. 1.
447 The divisional line between Connecticut and Massa-
chusetts. 1830 Lyett Princ. Geol. (1875) 11. 1. ye! 575
A_ divisional structure, like that..derived from plates of
mica. 1 Baitey Festus (1854). 172 Time is di
eternity, all unitive. 1861 Crank Hist. Eng. Lit. 1. 260
Separated by a point, or other divisional ‘mart
Of a lower denomination which. exactly di-
vides or measures the higher; fractional ; forming
an aliquot part of the standard. Also as sd, an
aliquot part, a submultiple.
1826 Bentuam in MWestm. Review V1. 504 Successive
divisional operations, performed w cae same integral
subject-matter. 1880 Libr. Univ. Anowl. (N. Y.) 1X. 764
Prefixing the Greek words.. for multiples, and the Latin <a
centi, and milli for divisionals. 1892 Daily News 5 Sept.
5/1 A new issue of divisional money is contemplated.
2. Of or belonging to a division, section, or. por-
tion: see Division 10,
Stocqueter Handbk. Brit. India (18 ot Wee,
a pe, hobs station, the head-quarters of ae i cae ;
mand. 1846 Grote Greece 1. xviii. Il. 17 A peo ho
without any special and recognised names either aggregate
or divisional. 1875 Kinciake Crimea (1877) V. i. 95 The
divisional commander and his brigadier. 1896 7/¥mes
(weekly ed.) 17 Apr. 292/2 The police divisional surgeon.
Hence Divi'sionally adv., in relation to division,
or to a division.
1872 Daily News 26 Aug., To accustom themselves and
their respective ds to work div lly. 1887 Lecky
Eng. in 18th C. V1. xxv. 580 Throwing the greatest part of
the borough representation into the counties, collectively or
divisionally.
Divi'sionary, @. rare. [f. Division + -ary!.]
= DIVISIONAL.
1815 Q. Rev. (F. Hall). 1828 in Wessrer. G. P.
Scrore Geol. etc. France (ed. 2) 171 The three chi modifi-
cations of divisionary structure. 1891 7%mres 30 Dec. 3/5
Silver can serve all the purposes’ of the divisionary money,
+ Divi-sionate, v. Obs. nonce-wd. [f. as prec.
+-ATE3.] ¢rans, To make division of, divide:
a1586 Sipney /Wanstead Play Wks. (1674) 622 (D.)
[Pedantic schoolmaster speaking] First, you must divisionate
your point [of argument}, quasi gra should cut a chees into
two particles .. which must also be sub-divisionated into
three equal species.
+ Divi‘sioner. Os. [f. as prec. + -en1 1,]
One who makes a division.
1616 R. SHetpon Miracles A ntichr. 181 (T.) The divisioner,
which was Freeman the Ignatian, and +a other priests,
thought that I knew nothing of the grand
Divisive (divai'siv), a. [f.
eo pe "dit Visiv-us,
f. divis-: see DivisE and -IvE. cer. devisif, -tve
(16th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).]
1. Having the quality or function of dividing ;
causing or Led rian | division or distribution ;
— or perceiving distinctions, analytical.
1603 HotLanp Plntarehs 3 en or anes Dualitie, which is
a divisive nature. fa fetes reat, Daniels Weeks
Wks. 111. (1672) pote ae Carat want ceene eee which
the Grammarians call Distributive or Divisive, Terni, re
terni, guind .. ~ &e. slop Svat Hist. Philos IIL. ut. 82
The as the d A:
the divisive, @ 1688 Cupwortn /mmnt. Mor. wW, iii. (R.
Cartyie Schiller
faint spi so avian’ al
or vision on,
au Pott or discord. : ‘
self-conceited or divisive, as to think we muse a
those -.that differ. from us. 39x Act Boe =
Ch, of Scott. epeve yada
Cs 2 hat shall = ona
blishment of the Ch —
Voltaire, Mi Mise. (1872) 11. 147 Vanity be is ne a aivisive,
of a uniting nature.
Hence Divi'sively adv., in a divisive manner, by
way of division; Divi'siveness, the of
ee mans. tendency to divide or up.
. are in
Hooker Feel. Pol. vin. iv. § 6
authority over the Church, if not collectively, divisively
rstood ; that is each person
Church, toa Wanner AZ, . Epit. (x612) 353 Seouat
* | peoples. - 1837 nthe Rev. We ut. i. (1872) 100 So
ee Ne aa eanheney to unite, with all the invincible
.
DIVISOR.
divisiveness he has! 1887 Pall Mail G. 29 Oct. 2/2 This,
surely, of all times is not the hour for divisiveness. Every
soldier is wanted. . Every voice calls for union.
Divisor (divoi‘za1). Also 5 -er, -our. [ad.
L. divisor-em, agent-n. from dividére to DivibE;
h. in early instances a. F, divisewr (15th c, in
atz.-Darm.).] ,
1. Math, A number or quantity by which another
is to be divided. (Correlative to DIVIDEND.)
c 1430 Art Nombrynge (E.E.T,S.) 12 The last figure of
nombre of the dyvyser. /é/d., Yfit happe. . pat pe last of the
divisor may not so oft be withdraw of the figure above his
hede. 14.. Mann. & Househ. Exp. 439, clx. roddes is
one acre; wher fore he must ever be your devysour. 1674
_ Arith, (1696) 30 This Remain is always less than the
ivisor. 1806 Hurron Course Math. 1. 64 Division of
Vulgar Fractions..invert the terms of the divisor, and
multiply the dividend by it. 7
b. A number or quantity that divides another
exactly ; a measure, factor.
Common divisor, a number or quantity that divides each
of two or more numbers or quantities without a remainder ;
=common measure or factor.
1557 Recorpe Whetst. Gijb, Take any twoo square
nombers, that will admitte one diuisor, 1858 ‘TopHUNTER
Algebra vi. § 106 The term greatest common measure is
not very appropriate in Algebra .. It would be better to
speak of the highest common divisor or of the highest
common méasure, 18539 Barn. Smiru Algebra (ed. 6) 290
The Highest Common Divisor of the expressions. attrzb.
1817 CoLesrooKe Algebra 229 The divisor quantity, f
+2. One who divides; a person appointed to di-
vide property. Ods. rare.
I Richmond. Wills (Surtees) 31 The iiij men divisores
and prycers of this forsayd Inventory.
Divisorrial, @. rare. [f.as next+-an.] Char-
acterized by dividing.
1882 Exwes tr. Cafello §& Ivens’ Benguella I. vii. 148
The divisorial line of the waters of the two rivers.
Divisory (divai-zéri), a. [ad. med. or mod.L.
divisori-us, {. divisor: see above and -ory.] Per-
taining to division or distribution among a number.
1614 Rarricn Hist. World 1. xvi, § 2. 467 Diuers sorts
of lots..as in the diuision of grounds or honours ; and in
thinges to be vnder-taken: the two first kindes were called
diuisorie; the third diuinatorie. 1656 FuLLerR Notes
on Fonah (1657) 39 Lots were of three natures, 1°, divina-
torie, 2™4, Divisorie, 3™¥, consultory. 1710 Brit. Apollo
IIL. No. 65. 1/2, 1880 Muirneap Gaius Digest 442 The
divisory actions were the a. familiae erciscundae for par-
titioning an inheritance, communi dividundo for dividing
common property, and jinium regundorum for settling
boundaries. 1885 Lorenz tr. Van der Kessel’s Select Thesis
ecclxi, In divisory contracts made..between a surviving
parent and the relatives of the ward.
+ Divitiate, v. Obs. [f. L. divitix riches +
-ATE3.] ¢vans. To enrich,
31627 Fettuam Resolves 1. Ixxiv, Not possession, but use
divitiates a man more truely. 1656 in BLount Glossogr.
+ Divitio'sity. Ots.—° [ad. med.L, divite-
Ositas, {, divitidsus abounding in riches : see -1TY.]
‘ Abundance of riches’ (Blount Glossogr. 1656).
Divitism (dai-vitiz’m). xonce-wd. [f. L. divit-
(dives) rich +-1sM.] The condition of being rich.
1890 Contemp. Rev. Mar. 230 Pauperism and divitism
would disappear,
Divoit, obs. Sc. form of DEvovt.
Divolve, erroneous form of DEVOLVE v.
Divorce (divoe'1s), sb. Also 4-5 de-, dy-, di-
vors, 4-6 de-, dyvorse, 4~7 devorce, 5 devourse,
5-7 divorse, 6 dyvores. [a. F. divorce €14th
c. in Hatz,-Darm.) =It. dvorszo, Sp., Pg. dvorcio
:—L. divortiu-m (divertium) separation, dissolution
of marriage by consent, n. of action f. divertére
(earlier divortére) to turn aside, spec. of a woman,
to a per from or leave her husband.]
1. Legal dissolution of marriage by a court or
other competent body, or according to forms re-
cognized in the country, nation, or tribe.
Formerly and still often (e.g. historically or anthropologi-
cally) used in the widest sense; hence, including the
formal putting away of, or ion from, a sp ya
heathen or barbarian; the pronouncing a marriage to have
‘been invalitl from the beginning owing to fraud, or to legal,
canonical, or * i oa ny oma of the parties, as in the
‘divorce’ of Henry VIII from Catherine (now called in
English Law decree of nullity), and the ‘ divorce a mensa
et thoro’ (from bed and board), long the only ‘divorce’
recognized by English law, but now, since 1857, called
‘judicial separation’. But, in strict legal use, now applied
in English-speaking countries only to the dissolution by
decree of court of what was in itself a legal marriage, upon
uunds sanctioned by the law, and upon evidence accepted
y the court,
1377 Lana. P. Pl. B. 1. 175 Owre synne to suffre, as
auoutrie and deuofr]ses. x, Ibid. C. xxi. 139 He made
leel matrimonye Departe er dep come and a deuors shupte.
¢1400 Afol. Loli. 72 Be ware of making of mariagis, & of
diuorsis or dipartingis. 1520 Caxton'’s Chron, Eng. vu.
80/x In the same yere was made a dyvorce bytwene the
kynge of Fraunce and the quene his wyfe, 1611 Biste
fer. iii. 8, 1 had put her away and giuen her a bill of
diuorce. 1613 Suaxs. Hen, V///, wu. ii. 31 The Cardinall
did intreat his Holinesse To stay the ludgement o’th’Di-
uorce, Avpison Tatler No. 20 P 2 A Method of
obtaining a Divorce from a Marriage, which I know the
Law wi mounce void. 1765-9 BLacksTonE Comm.
793) 559 In cases of total divorce, the marriage is declared
null, as having been absolutely unlawful initio .. for
which reason..no divorce can be obtained, but during the
559
life of the parties, 1893 Eart Dunmore Pamirs I. 337
This. .widow marries the first man that takes her fancy : as
..she can get a divorce for the modest sum of threepence-
halfpenny. bd .
2. transf. and fig. Complete separation; dis-
union of things closely united. :
_ Wyciir Serm, Sel. Wks. I. 26 Anticrist hab so
weddid pes goodis wip preestis pat noon may make pis
dyvors. c1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 4775 Bischope Ear-
dulphe. .To pe blisse of heuen wende, Fra pis werlde made
deuorse. ¢1532 Drewes /utrod. Fr. in Palsgr. 1050 ‘Vo
suffre devorce or departyng betwene his soule and his body.
1599 Suaks. //en. V, v. ii. 394 To make diuorce of their in-
corporate League. 1680 Boye Scept. Chem. 1. 41 Without
«.having their coherence violated by the divorce of their
associated parts. 1726 Ayurre Parergon 110"Tis hard to
make a Divorce between things that are so near in Nature
to each other, as being convertible Terms. 1852 H. RoGers
Ect. Faith (1853) 304 The divorce between the ‘spiritual
faculties’ and the intellect. .is impossible. ;
+3. That which causes divorce or separation.
1sg2 Suaxs. Ven. §& Ad. 932 Hateful divorce of love’,
—thus chides she Death. 1607 — 770m .W. iii. 382 [To
the Gold] O thou sweete King-killer, and deare diuorce
‘Twixt naturall Sunne and sire.
4. attrib., as divorce-court, etc.
a 1806 Horstey Sf. Adultery Bill (R.\,_Expatiating. .
upon. .the perversion as well as the abuse of many divorce-
bills which had passed the legislature. 1837 /’ewwy Cycd.
IX, 40/t Divorce bills have not improperly been called the
privilege ofthe rich. 1891 Lazu 7ismes XCII. 104/2 A point
of Divorce law and practice.
Divorce (divoe1s), v. Forms: see prec. [a.
F. divorce-r (14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.) :—med.L.
divortiire to dissolve a marriage (Du Cange), f. L.
divortium ; see prec.]
1. trans. To dissolve the marriage contract be-
tween (husband and wife) by process of law; to
separate by divorce from.
1494 Fasyan Chron. v. cxiii. 86 The Kynge..sayde if yt
were true, she shuld frome hym be deuorcyd. 1536
Wruiotnestey Chron. (1875) I. 41 The King was divorsed
from his wife Queene Anne. 1556 Chron. Gr. Friars
(Camden) 70 The byshoppe of Wynchester that was than
was devorsyd from hys wyffe in Powlles, the whyche was a
bucheres wyff of Nottynggam, and gave hare husbande a
sartyne mony a yere dureynge hys lyffe. 1613 Saks.
Hen. VIII, w. i. 32 By the maine assent Of all these
Learned men, she was diuorc’d, And the late Marriage
made of none effect. a1734 Nortu Exam. 1. iv, § 57
(1740) 260 When that extraordinary Law passed, to divorce
the Earl of Ross from his Wife. 1771 Hooxe Nom. Hist.
x1. iv, Scribonia was divorced from him [Octavius] the very
day she was brought to bed of the famous Julia.
b. reft.
7593 Suaxs. 3 Hex. VJ, 1. i. 247, I here diuorce my selfe,
Both from thy Table, Henry, and thy Bed. 1886 I. M.
Crawrorp Lonely Parish xiv, Mrs. G...seemed never to
have thought of divorcing herself from her husband.
e. intr. (for refl.)
1643 Mitton Divorce 1. iv, The reasons which now move
him to divorce, are equal to the best of those that could first
warrant him to marry. @1649 Drumm. or Hawt. Hist,
Fas. V, Wks. (1711) 100 King Henry, impatient of delays
and amorous, divorceth from his own queen, and marrieth
Anne Bullen. 1875 Poste Gaius 1. Comm. (ed. 2) 116
Justinian enacted that a man or a woman who divorced
without a cause should retire to a cloister. :
2. trans. To put away (a spouse) ; to repudiate,
I [see Divorcine below]. 1526-34 Tinpace A/atz. v.
2 Whosoever maryeth her that is devorsed breaketh wed-
focks, c1gso Cueke Matt. v. 31 Whosoever divorceth his
wife let him give her a diuorsment bil. @1656 Bre. Hatt
Rem. Wks. (1660) 161 Another allows a man to divorce that
wife he hath upon sleight occasions, and to take another.
1771 Hooke Rom. Hist. Index, Antony. .divorces his wife,
and marries Fulvia.. Declares Cleopatra his wife. Divorces
Octavia. 1837 Penny Cycl. 1X. 40/1 By the Mohammedan
law a man may divorce his wife orally and without any
ceremony..He may divorce her twice, and take her again
without hee consent ; but if he divorce her a third time. .he
cannot receive her again until she has been married and
divorced by another husband.
3. To dissolve (a marriage or union). arch.
1s80 Sipney Arcadia wm. Wks. 1724 II. 545 The cruel
villain forced the sword. .to divorce the fair marriage of the
head and body. 1643 Mitton Divorce 1. x, An unlawful
marriage may be lawfully divorced. 1873 Browninc Red
Cott. Nt.-Cap 243 When death divorces such a fellowship.
g- To separate ; to sever, cut off, part.
1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy u. xx, Howe his goste and he
were deuorced. 15; Lamparve Peramb. Kent (1826) 89
It was sometime divorced from the continent by a water.
1594 Hooker Zecd. Pol. u.v. § 5 Were it consonant vnto
reason to diuorce these two sentences? 1659 B, Harris
Parival’s Iron Age 29 The King divorced himself from the
Church of Rome. r Cowrer Jask 1. 748 Till .. knees
and hassocks are well nigh divorced. 1871 ‘TyNDALL
are Se. (1879) Il. ix. 192 Divorced from matter, where
is life
+b. intr. (for refl.) Obs.
1687 Drypen Hind §& P. 11. 205 Divorcing from the
Church to wed the dame,
5. trans. fig. To put away, remove, dispel; to
repudiate.
a1sgz Martowe & Nasue Dido mm. ii, Fair queen of love,
I will divorce these doubts, 1593 Suaks. Rich. II, v. iv. 9
The man That would diuorce this terror from my heart.
1675 tr. Machiavelli's Prince xii. (Rtldg. 1883) 77 In time
of peace they [mercenaries] divorce you. 1712 iene
Creation v1, The pipe distinguished by its gristly rings To
cherish life aerial pasture brings, Which the soft-breathing
lungs with gentle force Constant embrace by turns, by turns
divorce, 1865 Swinpurne Poems §& Ball., Rococo 30 Say
March may wed September And time divorce regret,
DIVOT.
Hence Divorreed ff/. a.; Divo'reing v7. sb.
1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 139 Guynuld..gaf to
her housbonde a perpetuel dyvorsynge and forsakynge. 1535
CoverpaLe Lev, xxi. 14 No wedowe, ner deuorsed, ner
defyled .. but a virgin of his awne people shal he take to
wife. 1642 Mitton Afod. Smect. xi. Wks. (1847) 95 1 Why
do we not say as to a divors't wife. 1645 — 7ezrach. Deut.
xxiv. 1-2, The divorcing of an Israelitish woman was as
easy by the law as the divorcing of a stranger. 1861 Mrs.
H. Woop Last Lynne u. xi, ‘Vo marry a divorced woman.
Divorceable (divoeusab'l), @. In 7 divorci-
ble. [f. Divorce v.+ -aBLE.] Capable of being
divorced ; liable to divorce.
1645 Mitton Colast. Wks. (1847) 229/2 It can be no
human society, and so not without reason divorcible. 1737
Strackunouse Hist. Bible, N. 7. (1765) V. ut. 336 note, If
she found not grace in her husband's eyes, she was divorce-
able. 1813 Byron in Moore Life (1866) 215 Lady — and
her daughter Lady—both divorceable.
Divorcee (divoe:1s7"). [f. Divorce v. + -EE.
But generally used in the Fr, forms dzvorcé masc.,
divorcée fem. (dzvorse), pa. pple. used subst. of dz-
vorcer to divorce.] A divorced person.
1813 Mar. EpGewortu Patron, (1833) I. 71 (Stanf.) The
mother was a divorcée. 1877 Reape Woman Hater ii.
(1883) 13 (Stanf.) He was now a divorcé. 1880 Daily News
1 Oct. 6/1. The Church would .. refuse to sanction .. any
civil marriage between divorcees and co-respondents, 1884
Mrs. C. Prarp Zero xviii, Divorcées were in the ascendant.
Divo'rceless, ¢. nonce-wi. ‘[f. Divorce sd.
+-LEss.] Not practising or liable to divorce,
1825 CoLeripce Aids Refl. Aph. xxxvi. (1848) I. 86 Con-
template the filial and loyal Bee ; the home-building, wedded,
and divorceless Swallow.
Divorcement (div6o1smént),
+-MENI.]
1. The action of divorcing, or the fact of being
divorced ; dissolution of the marriage tie; divorce.
1526-34 TINDALE J/att. v. 31 Let hym geue her a testy-
monyall also of the devorcement [¢ 1550 CHEKE a diuors-
ment bill; 16xx a writing of diuorcement]. 1568 Grarron
Chron, 1. 96 A devorcement was made, betwene king
John and Avis his wife. 1627 Srrep England, [reland
1, § 18 Their wiues were many, by reason of diuorcements.
1702 Ecuarp £ccé. Hist. (1710) 494 She procured a divorce-
ment from him, 1823 J. D. Hunter Captivity N. Amer.
231 Marriage, widowhood, polygamy, divorcements.
2. The severance of any close relation ; complete
separation.
155r T. Witson Logske (1567) 21 b, How then canst thou
make a diuorsment, betwixte honestie and profite? 1593
R. Harvey PAilad. Ded. 2 Diuorcement of heartes, 1822
Byron Werner ww. i. 331 After twelve years divorcement
from my parents. 1894 The Voice (N. Y.) 24 May, The
eternal divorcement of church and saloonis. approaching.
Divorcer (divoe1so1). [f. as prec. +-ER'.]
1. a. One who divorces or puts away in legal
form a wife or husband. b. One who or that
which divorces or separates husband and wife.
1613 Drumm. or Hawrtu. Cypress Grove (J.), Death is the
violent estranger of acquaintance, the eternal divorcer of
marriage. 1644 Mitton Ydgm. Bucer (1851) 318 They
think it follows that second marriage is in no case to be
permitted either to the Divorcer, or to the Divorced. 183
CartyLe in Froude Lif II. 189 Rutherford sate also within
the ring with Dr. Lushington (the divorcer).
2. fig. One who or that which severs or parts per-
sons or things closely united.
¢161z CuarMan /diad xvi. 759 Patroclus..was from his own
[life] divorced, And thus his great divorcer braved: [etc.].
1822 Lams “ia Ser. 1. Distant Corr., Since then the old
divorcer [death] has been busy. 1827 Hoop Hero § Leander
xviii, That cold divorcer will be twixt them still.
Divorcive (divoe1siv), @ Also -sive. [f. as
prec. +-IVE.] Causing or leading to divorce.
1643 Mitton Divorce 1. i, The grave and pious reasons of
this divorsive Law. /6/d. 11. xviii. (1738) Divorcive Adultery.
+ Divor:cy, divorrcie. Ods. [ad. L. dvorti-um,
med.L. divorct-am: see above.] = Divorce sd.
1565 Cot. ALLEN in Fulke Confut. Purg. (1577) 12 Often
diuorcies, and perpetuall change for nouelty. /d7d. 15.
+ Divorsion. Sc. Obs. rare. [f. med.L. de
vortion-em, n. of action f. divor tere, divertére : see
Divorce 5b.) Divorcing, Divorce. ‘
1596 Darympte tr. Leslie's ‘ist. Scot. 1x. 205 Anent the
controuersie of diuorsioun and pairteng betuene him and her.
+ Divorrt, v. Obs. rare. fad. L. divort-ére,
archaic var. of divertére to turn aside; cf. Divorce
5b.] intr. To turn away, separate (froma apeine).
1s8r Nuce Seneca’s Octavia 1. iv, She causeth Make
from spouse for to divort. :
Divot (di-vat), sb. Sc. and xorth. dial, Forms:
6 diffat, -et, devait, (dovet), 7-8 devot, 7-9
divet (7 divott, 8 diviot), 7- divot.
A slice of earth with the grass growing upon it, a
turf, a sod, such as are used in the north for roofing
cottages, forming the edges of thatched roofs, the
tops of dry-stone walls, etc.
The thicker, more earthy sods used in building walls or
dikes, are called fails ; hence the common collocation faé/
and divot. The digging and throwing up of either is ‘ cast-
ing’: see Cast v. 28. y
1536 BELLENDEN Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 179 Gret strenthis of
treis, stanis and devaitis, a 1670 SpaLpinc 7roub. Chas. I
(1829) 27 This kiln was first covered with divots. 1771
Pennant Tour Scotl. (1790) 132 The houses .. are formed
with loose stones and covered with clods which they call
devots. c1817 Hoce Tales § Sk. V. 214 A coverlet worked
as thick as adivot. 1843 T. Witson Pitman's Pay Note
[f. Divorce v.
DIVOT.
(Northumbld. Gloss.), The cot! on the Fell were all
cov with divots. a@x1852 Maccu.ivreay Nat. Hist.
Dee Side (1855) 193 [He] conducted us to his Museum,
a little hut, built of stones and roofed with divots. 1895
Crockett Men of Mosshags 150 Clodding him with divots
of and sod.
gl Fs a material.
1536 BeLtenven Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 172 He beildit ane
huge wall of fail and devait. 1541 Ld. 7'reas, Accts. in
Pitcairn Crim. Trials (1830) I. 312 Theking of the Tour
with brwme and dovet. a saps Disomal ay avee pene Ges)
322 The toun of Edinburgh begane to big thair fortressis of
diffet and mik. 1605 eu Contract in J. Mill Diary (1889)
193 To cast faill and devot on the ground of Sumburgh ..
according to use and wont. 1 Crt. Bk. of Barony of
Urie (1892) 133 ‘The said turf or divot so cast to be forfeit.
1861 Smites Engineers Il, Rennie i. 102 To fetch a load of
‘divot’ from Gladsmuir, or of coal from the nearest colliery.
e. Se. Law. Fail (feal) and divot, ‘a rural
servitude, importing a right in the proprietor of
the dominant tenement to cut and remove turf for
fences or for thatching or covering houses or the
like purposes, within the dominant lands’ (Bell
Dict. Law Scot.).
1593 Sc. Acts Fas. VI (1597) § 161 That the saidis glebes
be designed with freedome of foggage, pastourage, ewall,
faill, diffat, loning, frie ischue and entrie. 1693 Stair
Instit. Law Scot. u. vii. § 13 (ed. 2) 288 A Servitude of
Pasturage introduced by Fourty years peaceable Possession
of the Pasturage, was not to be extended to Feal and Divet.
1754 Erskine /’riuc. Sc. Lazw (1809) 223 We have two pre-
dial servitudes .. viz. that of fuel or feal and divot, and of
thirlage. 1773 — Justit, Law Scot. 1, 1. ix. § 17. 1814
Scort Wav. x ii, Rights of pasturage—fuel—feal and divot.
d. Comé., as divot-cast, as much (land) as one
divot might be ‘cast’ or cut off ; divot-seat, one
made of divots; divot-spade, a spade for casting
turf, a flaughter-spade.
1725 Ramsay Gent. Sheph. u. i, There you may see him
lean, And to his divot-seat invites his frien’. 1818 Houc
Brownie of Bodsbeck 11. 15 (Vjaam.) The old shepherd was
sitting on his divot-seat, without the door. 1818 Scorr //rt.
Midi, xii, He hasna a divot-cast of land in Scotland,
Divot, v. Sc. [f. prec.sb.] a. évans.'To cover
with divots; b. zr. ‘To cast or cut divots’ (Jam.).
1696 Banff Burgh Rec. in Cramond Ann. Banff (1893) 11.
176 ‘To repaire the thatch by divoteing the house.
Divot, obs. Sc. form of Devout.
+ Divulgate, 7//. 2. Obs. [ad. L. divulgat-
us, pa. pple. of drvulgdre to DivuLGE.] Made
public, spread abroad. (Chiefly used as pa. pple.
= divulged.)
ax440 Found. St. Bartholomew's (E. FT. S.) 19 This
dede anoon was dyvulgate by all the Cyte. 1513 DouGias
ZEneis Dyrectioun, ad fin., Every burell rude poet divul-
gait. 1536 BettenpeNn Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 210 The fame
of this unhappy battall, divulgat in the cuntre. 1574
Hettowes Gueuara’s Fam, Ep. (1577) 216 It was diuulgate
through all Rome. .
Divulgate (diva lgéit, dai-), v. Also 6 de-.
[f. L. divulgat-, ppl. stem of divulgare to DIVULGE.
Pa. pple. and (in Sc.) pa. t. in 16th c. often divul-
gale: see prec.) ¢rans. To make commonly
known; to publish abroad.
Bae Parser. 5237/2, I dyvulgate a mater, I blowe it abrode
.. L thought full lytell he wolde have dyvulgate this mater.
153t Exvor Gov. Proem, I am violently stered to deuulgate
or sette fourth some part of my studie, 1623 Hart Ar-
raignm, Ur. 1. vi. 119, I hope that honest and ingenuous
Physitians will. .abstaine from divulgating abroad their billes
or kes. 1824 Lanpor /mag. Conv. Wks. 1846 I. 362,
I know not whether the facts have been divulgated. 1878
Besant & Rice Monks of Th. xxv, Why should she wish
her choice to be divulgated?
Hence Divwigated ///. a., Divu'lgating vi/.
sb. ; also Divu‘lgater, -ator.
1537 THrocMorton Let. to Cromwell in Froude Hisé.
Eng. (1858) III. 228 The divulgating of the censures. 1599
Jas. I Bata, Awpov To Rdr., ‘The un-timous divulgating of
this booke. 163. M. Parker //arry White's Haener th ),
‘To that great pe oag ng? And neat divulgater Whom the
citie admires. 1842 Blackw. Mag. LIL. 659 Our divulged
wnd divulgated attachment to the veneranda rubigo.
tap ar (divalgéifan, dai-), Also 6 de-.
ad. L, divulgation-em, n. of action f. divulgare to
IVULGE: cf. F, divulgation (16th c.).]
+1. The action of publishing or making known
abroad; publication. Ods.
cxsqo tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden) 1. 25 The first
springe and divulgation of the hollie yon 1548 Hau
hron., Hen, VII (an. 7) (1809) 463 This Devulgacion that
Richard sonne of K ng Edward was yet lyvyng. 1727
Woopwarp Willin A. Sedgwick's Life & Lett, (1890) I, 186
‘Yo prejudice the sale and divulgation of any of the said
copies. c1800 K. Wurre Rem. (1837) 398 A rule of moral
conduct, such as the world never had any idea of before
its divulgation. 1823 Benruam in Parr’s Wks. ere VILL.
7 That they will oppose no obstruction to the divul — of it.
2. The divulging or revealing of something pri-
vate or secret; revelation, disclosure.
1610 Heatey St, Ang. Citie of God 280 Had they beene
honest, they would not have feared divulgation. 1638
a R. in Featly’s Strict. Lyndom. u. 66 Divulgation of secret
ysteries, 1860 7¥mes 17 Dec. 6/5 His organ for the divul-
gation of Cabinet secrets.
tory (dive'lgitari), a. [f. L. divulgat-,
ppl. stem of divulgare to divulge + -ory.] Tend-
ng to publish or make known.
18.. Emerson Sp., Hree Relig. Assoc. (Cent.), Nothing
really is so self-publishing, so di , as thought,
560
Divulge (divoldz, dai-),v, Also 5 dy-. [ad.
L. divulga-re to of abroad among the people,
make common, f. di-, Dis- 1 + vulgare to make
common, publish ; cf. F. divulguer (14th c.), but
the palatalized g in English is abnormal.]
+1. trans. To make publicly known, to publish
abroad (a statement, etc.). Obs.
1460 Carcrave Chron. 1 It is somewhat divulgid in this
lond, that I have aftir my possibilitie be occupied in wryting.
1490 Caxton Encydos vi. 25 Fame of his ouurages hath ben
dyuulged. 1548 Haut Chron, Hen. 1V (an, 3) 20 Whiche
fraude the Kynz caused openly to be published and divulged.
1669 GALe Crt, Gentiles 1. u. i. 4 Their fables they divulge,
first by Hymns and Songs. 1768 H. Wacrote //ist. Doubts
14 It is impossible to believe the account as fabricated and
divulged by Henry the Seventh. 1791 Cowrer //iad 1. 133
Among the Danai thy dreams Divulging.
+ b. To proclaim (a person, etc.) publicly. Ods.
1598 Suaks. Merry W, m1. ii. 42, I will divulge Page him-
selfe for a secure and wilfull Acteon. 1671 Mitton P. 2.
ut. 60 When God .. with approbation marks The just man,
and divulges him through Heaven To all his angels.
+. To publish (a book or treatise). Obs.
1566 in Strype Ann. Ref. I. xviii. 517 That treatise .. so
publickly by print divulged and dispersed. 1644 Mutton
A reop.(Arb ) 53 Ye must repeal and proscribe all scandalous
and unlicenc’t books already printed and divulg’d. 1709
Stryre Aun. Ref. I. Wii. 629 Divers other articles .. pro-
pounded and divulged aheosd by the said Cartwright.
2. To declare or tell openly (something private
or secret) ; to disclose, reveal.
1602 Marston Ant. & Med. Induct. Wks. 1856 I. 4, I will
ding his spirit to the verge of hell, that dares divulge
a ladies prejudice. 1671 Mitton Samson 201 Who .. have
divulg’d the secret gift of God To a deceitful woman. 1797
Mrs. Rapcurre /talian xxvi, Command him to divulge
the crimes confessed to him. 1849 Macautay //ist. Eng.
1. ii. 268 Cowardly traitors hastened to save themselves,
by divulging all..that had passed in the deliberations of
the party. Z
+3. transf. To make common, impart generally.
[A Latinism.] Ods. rare.
1667 Mitton P. L. viii. 583 The sense of touch..would not
be To them made common & divulg’d.
4. intr. (for ref.) To become publicly known.
rare.
1602 Suaxs. Ham. w. i. 22 To keepe it [a disease] from
divulging, let’s it feede Euen on the pith of life. 1890 Cuitp
Ballads vu. cxciv. 29 Nothing seems to have been done to
keep the murder from divulging.
Hence Divu'lged f//. a.; Divuwlging v0/. sd. and
ppla ©
x6or Suaks. Al7's Well u.i. 174 A divulged shame Tra-
duc'd by odious ballads. 1604 St. Trials, Hampton Crt.
Confer, (R.), There is no such licencious divulging of these
books. 1607 Torsett Kour-/. Beasts (1658) 555 That which
divulged fame doth perswade the believers. 1614 'T. Apams
Devil's Banguet 338 Cease your obstreperous clamours, and
divulging slanders. 1883 Daily News 20 July 6/2 An action
brought for alleged divulging of telegrams.
+ Divwlge, 52. Vés. [f. prec. vb.] The act
of divulging or publishing abroad.
1619 Lusuincton Repet. Serm. in Phenix (1708) II. 478
Our modern News .. 1s forg'd in Conventicles .. and the
Divulge committed to some vigilant and watchful Tongue.
Divu‘lgement. [f.as prec. + -MENT.] The
action of divulging. Also, + concr. in pi.
1632 Litucow 7'rav. x. 497 Rossay that kisseth the de-
vulgements of the River. ¢38x7 HoGe 7ales & Sk, 11. 84
Anxious and acrimonious act of divulgement. 1850 DausEexy
Atom. The. xiv.(ed.2) 459 Divulgement would be considered
as the deepest of crimes. 1876 MozLey Univ. Serm. xii.
(1877) 226 It would not admit of unqualified divulgement of
such truth as this. : ‘
Divulgence (dive'ldzéns, dai-). [f- Divorce
v. + -ENCE: app. by formeassociation with 7z7-
dulgence, etc.) The action of divulging; dis-
closure.
1851 Dickens Our School in Househ, Words 11 Oct. 51/2
The Chief ‘knew something bad of him’, and on pain of
divulgence enforced Phil to be hisbondsman, 1875 Licurt-
root Comm. Col. & Philem. (1276) 92 Their whole organisa-
tion was arranged so as to prevent the divulgence of its secrets
to those without.
Divwlger. [f. as prec. + -ER1.] One who
divulges: @. a publisher (0ds.); b. a dise
closer.
1606 Proceed. agst. Garnet, etc. M ivb (T.), The first de-
visers, and divdlgus of this scandalous report. ¢ x61
Cuarman Jiiad xix. Comment., Our Commentators . . will
no means allow the word campos here for Homer's, but
an unskilfulness in the divulger. 1749 Fretpinc Jom
‘ones it, ix, Like other hasty divulgers of news, he only
rought on himself the trouble of contradicting it. 1782
V. Knox Ess. vi. (R.), Those secrets, which. .the ence
- a friend has made known to the treacherous divulger of
them.
+ Divulse,v. Obs. [f. L. divuls-, A 1. stem of
divellére {. di-, Dis- 1 + vellére to pluck, pull: cf.
convulse.] trans. To tear apart or asunder,
1602 Marston Ant. § Ale?. 1. Wks. 1856 I. 9 Vaines,
synewes, arteries .. Burst and divul’st with anguish of my
griefe, 1633 ‘I. Bancrort Glutton's Feaver Biv, My
sinewes all divul’st with passion fell. 1691 Brveriry
Thous. Years Kingd. Christ F No part that can be
divuls’d One from Another, but All Lying Close in a Line.
Divulsion (divelfon, doi-). [a. F. divudsion
(Montaigne, 1580) or ad, L. divulsion-em, n. of
action f. divellére: see prec.] The action of tear-
ing, pulling, or plucking asunder; the condition
|
. DIZEN.
of being torn apart (from something) ; a rending
>
asunder, violent separation, laceration. Also fig.
1603 Hottann Plutarch’s Mor. 1340 That natures par-
manent and divine should cohere unto Ives insep
ably, and avoid as much as is possible all distraction and
divulsion. 1605 G. Powet Refut. Epist. 40 It ..causeth
and di: ion of affecti T._Scorr
A fphor. of State 2 The divulsion of the Easterne Empire
from the Westerne. 1684 T. Burner 7h. Earth 1. 137
Others [islands].are made by divulsion from some con-
tinent. 1885 G. H. Taytor Pelv. & Hern. Therap. 80 To
sever such adhesi by sudden, forcible divulsion, is
painful. =
Divulsive (diva lsiv), a. [f. L. divuls-: see
above and rad Tending to tear apart or asunder.
¢ 1605 Rowtey Birth Merl. m. vi, Let tortures and divul-
sive racks Force a confession from them. 1799 Kirwan
Geol. Ess. 96 The divulsive force that separated Britain
from Germany, seems to have been directed from north
to south. 1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev. 11.1. xii, os id of
vinegar : perhaps divulsive vinegar, like Hannibal's.
*vvy, (divi.), colloq. abbreviation of Divi-
DEND. Hence Di-vvy v. collog., to ‘ go shares’.
1890 G. B. Suaw Fad. Ess. in Socialism 88 It degenerated
into mere ae 24 hunting and eset ar re ing.
1890 Nation (N.Y.) 10 Apr. 291/1 Where the chiefs have large
families, and the ‘ divvies’ are inad for their support.
P
1893 A. Keneaty Molly & Her Man of War 4 We even ~
Oct.
out
went so far as to ‘divvy up’. 1894 Westm. Gaz.
6/1 Co-operators tried to get as much as they cou!
of the servants, in order to increase the ‘ divi’.
Diwan: see Dewan, Divan.
Diwyse, obs. Sc. form of DEVISE.
|| Dixit (diksit). [L. déxit=he has said, A ovis
t. of dicere to say; the usual expression is ipse dixit
(a¥)} An utterance (quoted as) already given,
1628 Earte Microsm., Sceptic in Relig. (Arb.) 66 He
hates authority as the tyrant of reason, and you cannot
anger him worse than with a father’s dfzit. a1734 Nortn
Exam. U1. viii. § 80. (1740) 645 (Stanf.) On no better Ground
than this Man’s Dixit. 1812 Examiner 24 Aug. 543/2 The
point..did not depend on Lord Moira’s dixit.
Diz: see D1zz.
|| Dizain (dizz-n). Ods. Also 6 di-, dyzaine,
7 dixain. [a. F. dizain(15thc. in Hatz.-Darm.),
f. dix ten.] A m or stanza of ten lines.
The meaning in the first quot. is doubtful.
[a 1400-50 Alexander 4307 In all oure — on daies bat
duke we comend.]
1578 ASCOIGNE in Haslewood Eng.
Poets & Poesy (1815) Il. 7 (Stanf.) There are Dizaynes ..
which are of ten lines.
bg Sipney A rcadia 1, (1622) 217
Strephon againe began this Dizaine, which was ans
ynto him in that kinde of verse which is called the crowne,
1602 J. Metvitt Diary (1842) sor [Title of poem] Dixain,
1656 in Biount Glossogr.
|| Dizdar, disdar (di-zda:). [Pers.and Turkish
pepo disdar, {, Pers. 529 diz castle + je dar
holder.] The warden of a.castle or fort.
1768 Gentl. Mag. XX XVIII. 155/1 That gentleman intro-
duced him to the Disdar, or d of the citadel
1812 Byron Ch. Har. u. xii. note, The Disdar was the
father of the present Disdar, 1846 Exvuis Elgin Maré. 1. 2
‘The Disdar of the Acropolis,
+ Dize, v. dial. Obs. =next (sense 1).
1674 Ray N. C. Words 14 To Dize, to put tow ona
distaffe. 1787 in Grose, 1847 in HALLIweLL.
Dizen (dei-z’n, di-z’n),v. Also 6 disyn, dysyn,
7 disen, 9 dizzen. [Found only from 1530:
but evidently the verb belonging to dis-, dése-, in
Distarr, and LG. diesse the bunch of flax on
a distaff, It is remarkable that neither the vb.,
nor the sb. as a separate word, has been found in
OE. or ME., and that on the other hand no vb.
corresponding to dizer is known in LG, or Du.]
+1. trans. To dress or attire (a distaff) with flax,
etc. for spinning. ee? PBA go
iy ¥ 2 5 tt e
wie io cove: And I had disyned my distaffe, I durste
drinke with the best of you. 1§75 Lanenam Lef. (1871)
47_The spindel and rok, that waz dizend with purpl sylk.
2. To dress (with clothes), esp. to attire or array
with finery, to deck out (wf), bedizen, (In later
use mostly contemptuous.) :
1619 Fietrcner M/, Thomas tv. vi, Come quickly, quickly,
paint me handsomely.,Com Doll, Doll, disen me. 1621 —
Pilgrim ww. iii, I pat my clothes off, and I dizen’d him.
1706 E. Warp Hud. Rediv. i. Tag
‘and Q: WwW “ger
x Swirt Gri uestion 1
dizen'd you out like a queen, et Ba
onders
Like a tragedy-queen he has dizen’d her out. ERSON
Jae a tragedy gucen he has Wis, (Bobs) IIL ye “Tis the
vulgar great who come dizened with
most northern dial. glossaries, usually déssen with 7
b. ¢ransf, and fig. To deck out, adorn.
J. Beresrorp Miseries Hum. Life (1826) xx. 252
Here the Muse dizens My dirge with orisons. 1870 Emen-
son Soc. & Solit., Clubs stein III. 94 The fact they
had thus dizened and adorned was of value.
no
BrowninG Reverie 105 Herb and tree Which dizen thy
{Earth’s] mother-breast. i
Hence Di‘zened ///. a.; Dizenment, condition
of being dizened, pyre ayitv eek
S. J. Pratr Lib, Opinions (1 oF ou fine
ane h . ‘thar’ Joana Baruue Metr. Leg,
Goltae, xevil 19 Handing eeeatpen ia Nigh discussant.
. Gt. xvi. i. WI. 137 Fou!
Tid. Indeed there was, in that man what far transcends all
te ad J .
DIZENER.
+ Dizener. Ods. Also 5-6 disener. [a. 15th
c. F. disenter (later dizeinier, dizainier), f. OF.
dizeine, later dizatne group of ten, in med.L. de-
céna, Sp. decena, Pr. desena, whence also med.L.
decenarius, OF, decenter: see DECENER, and cf,
douzener, DoZENER.] A foreman or captain of
a group of ten men ; = DECENER I.
[1292 Britton 1, xiii. [xii]. § 1 Qe touz soint en dizeyne et
pleviz pardizeyners. ¢rans/, That every one bein some tithing
and pledged by their tithingmen.] 1489 Caxton Faytes of |
A, u. xxx. I vij, Eueryche of hem shal haue vndre hym a
dyzener of carpenters and a dyzener of helpers and also thre
diseners of laborers for to make thesame. 1555 WATREMAN
Fardle Facions u. x. 211 Their capitaines ouer ten, whiche,
by a terme borrowed of the Frenche, we calle Diseners.
Dizz (diz), v. [Back-formation from Dizzy,
on the analogy of craze, crazy, etc.] trans. To
make dizzy or giddy. Hence Dizzed, Di-zzing
ppl. adjs.; also Dizz sb., the act of ‘ dizzing’.
1632 SHERwoop, To dizze, estourdir. 1654 GAyToN
Pleas. Notes wv. xv. 253 He [a horse] is dizzed with the
continuall circuits of the Stables. 18r4 T. L. Peacock Wks.
(1875) III. 133 In spite of all the diz and whiz, Like parish-
clerk he spoke. 1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales 1. 304 Or
wheel in dizzing mazes round and round. ;
+ Dizzard (di-zaid). Ods. or arch. Forms: 6
disarde, dysarde, diserde, dissarde, dyzerde,
dyzert, 6-7 dizard(e, dissard(e, 6-8 (9 arch.)
disard, dizzard. [First found ¢c1520. Perh.
a modification of earlier Disour, by assimilation
to words in-aRD. See the intermediate forms in -e7,
-aré,-ar in sense 1. In later use, esf. in sense 2,
app. associated with Dizzy.] ’
. =Drsour; a jester, a ‘ fool’.
[1502 Priv. Purse Exp. Eliz. of York (1830) 53 A disare
that played the Sheppert before the Quene. 1526 SKELTON
Magnyf. 119 In a cote thou can play well the dyser. Ye,
but thou can play the fole without a vyser. 1530 Patscr.
214/t Dissar a scoffer, saigefol.)
a1529 SkeLton Jmage /pocr. 364 To goe gaye With
wonderful aray As dysardes in a play. 1540-1 Extyor
Image Gov. (1556) 8b, To minstrels, players of enterludes,
and disardes. 1576 Newton Lemmnie’s Complex. (1633) 210
Such commonly are Dizards, Gesturers, Stage-players, [etc.].
1578 N. Baxter Calvin on ¥onah Ep. ded. 3 In the lestes
of Peay) a the King’s dizzard. 1618 Crt, §& Times Yas. 1
(1849) II. 90 Archy, the Dizzard,
2. A foolish fellow, idiot, blockhead.
1547 Homilies 1. Contention u. (1859) 138 Shall I be such
an idiot and diserde to suffre euery man to speake vpoh me
what thei list. 1607 WaLKINGTON O/¢. Glass iii, 17 Who
seeing his deformed countenance called him an idiot and
a dissard. 1791-1823 D’Israe.i Cur. Lit., Acajou & Zir,
One may be as great a dizzard in resolving a problem as
in restoring a reading. 1886 M. K. Macmittan Dagonet
the Jester ili. 100 They flattered the wantonness of young
lords and old wealthy disards.
attrib, 1546 Bare Eng. Votaries 1. (1550) 63b. The
craftye knave lyed falselye, and so mocked hys kynge, to
make of hym a very dysarde fole. 1566 Dranr Horace
Sat. ut. Biv b, We call him goose, and disarde doulte.
+ Dizz , a. Obs. [f. prec.+-L¥1] Like
a dizzard, silly, idiotic.
1594 R. Witson Codler’s Proph. Aiv, This prating asse.
this dizzardly foole. 1607 Torset. Serpents (1658) 739
These dizzardly people think to make these Lizards ..
vigilant for their welfare. .
en (diz’n\,v. rare. [f. stem of Dizzy +
-EN 5; cf. Dizz.] a ¢rans. To make dizzy. b.
intr.? To dance giddily.
1835 Fraser's Mag. X1. 294 Down flowing from its
dizzening height, One dazzling gush of liquid light. 1882
Blackw. Mag. May 569 The life of a myriad insect-wings
In the wet grass buzz and dizzen.
Dizzen, var. Dizen ; Sc. f. Dozen.
Dizzily (di-zili), adv. [f. Dizzy a.+-ty2.] In
a dizzy or giddy manner.
{a 1000 Sal. § Sat. 228 (Gr ) Se Godes cunnap ful dyslice.]
e1175 Lamb, Hom. 119 Pa pe heom duseliche fol3iad.__ 1375
Barvour Bruce . 422 He gert him galay disyly. /éid. vit.
210 He valknyt and raiss all desaly. 1g0r Doucias Pad,
Hon, 1. xxvi, My daisit heid fordullit disselie. 1801 Sourney
Thalaba 1x, vii, Dizzily rolls her brain. \ 1871 R. Evus
Cone cv. 2 They with pitchforks hurl Mentula dizzily
own,
Dizziness (di-zinés). [f. Dizzy a. + -Ness.]
The state or condition of being dizzy or giddy.
cgeo tr. Beda's Hist, u. v. (1891) 112 Weron heo mid
elreorde dysignesse onblawne, c1o0oo Ags. Gosp. Mark vii.
22 Innan of manna heortan..cumad..dysinessa. ;Stuntscipe.
1375 Barsour Bruce xvi. 133 Schir philip of his desynaiss
_ourcome. 1562 Turner Herbal. 35b, Rosemari is. .good
to withstand. .y* dusines of y* heade. 1583 GotpinG Calvin
on Deut. xxi, 123 Yet..needes must they. .bee stricken with
the spirit of disinesse and be carried away by the diuill.
1675 Woop Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 324 Men were taken
with a disiness in the head. 1861 Sat. Rev. XI. 635/1 Free-
dom from dizziness while standing at a great height on
a narrow base.
+ Dizzue (di-ziz, di-ziz), v. Obs. Also dyzhu.
[from Cornish : see quot. ;
1778 W. Pryce Min. Cornub. Gloss., Dizzue (from Dyz-hui,
to discover unto, Cornish). ‘Io Dizzue the Lode, is this:
Tf it is very small and rich, they commonly only break down
the country or stratum on one side of it, by which the Lode
is laid bare, and may be afterwards taken down clean.
Hence Di-zzued //. a., Di'zzuing vi/. sb. ; also
=e 5b,
r « Pryce Min. Cornub, 162 This separation or
aes + i from the good Ore, they cal Dying
oL, ’
561
the leader, or making a Dyzhu; and the good Ore that is
thus exposed, is calleda Dyzhu. /dé/. Gloss. s.v., Afterwards
they break the Dizzue or best part, and reserve it to be
separately handled and dressed.
Dizzy (dizi), a. Forms: 1 dysiz,dysez, 2-3
dysi3, dusi3, dusi(e (7/), 2-6 desi(e); 4-6 dys(s)y,
(6 dusey), 6-7 dis(s)ie, -y; 6-7 diz(z)ie, 7-
dizzy. [OE. dyszz, dyseg foolish, stupid = OFris.
dusig, MDu. dosech, disech, LG. dusig, disig, dusig
giddy, OHG., tuszg, tustc foolish, weak, a common
WGer. adj. in -2g(-y), from a root dus- found also
in LG. dusen to be giddy, OF. dyslic, dyselic foolish,
stupid, and in a different ablaut grade with long
vowel in LG. disel giddiness, MDu. dézelen, Du.
duizelen to be giddy or stupid. See early ME,
Cerivatives under Dusi-.]
1. Foolish, stupid. Now only dal.
general use since 13th c.)
c825 Vesp. Hymns vii, Swe fole dysiz. cgso Lindisf
Gosp. Matt. vii. 26 Gelic bid were dysze se Se zetimberde
hus his ofer sonde [c 1160 //at(on desien men]. 97x Biickd.
Hont, 41 Gepenc, bu dyseza mon. ¢1175 Lamb. Hom, 117
per be dusie mon bid priste and per te dwolunge rixad.
a1225 Ancr. R. 182 Nolde me tellen him alre monne
dusizest? axago Owl §& Night. 1466 Dusi luve ne last noht
longe. a12a75 Prov. Alfred 479 in O. E. Misc. 131 Wurpu
neuere so wod, ne so desi of pi mod. 1876 Whithy Gloss.,
Dizzy, half-witted. 1893 Barinc-Goutp Cheap Yack Z.
II. 45 Such dizzy-fools that they put their money there,
+b. adsol. A foolish man, a fool. Obs.
c825 Vesp. Psalter xci. 6 Dysiz ne onzited 3a. 1175
Lamb, Hom. 33 Hwet seid pe dusie. /béd. 105 Wredde
haf wununge on pes dusian bosme. a 122g Leg. ath. 599
Ha ne stod neauer, ear bene pes dei, bute biforen dusie.
2. Having ‘a sensation of whirling or vertigo in
the head, with proneness to fall; giddy.
©1340 Hampote Pr. Consc. 771 Than waxes his hert hard
and hevy. And his heved feble and dysy. 1526 SkELTon
Magnyf, 1052, 1 daunce up and down tyll I am dyssy.
1568 TurNER Herba/t. 20(Wolfesbayne] maketh [men]dusey
[ed. 155x dosey] in the head.
xvi. (1887) 73 For feare they be disie when they daunce.
1653 H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. xiii. 4o They were so
exceeding dizzy in the head that they would fall down.
1852 Mrs. Cartyte Lett. II. 200 With my heart beating and
my head quite dizzy. fig. 1726-46 ‘THOMSON Winter 122
The reeling clouds Stagger with dizzy poise, as doubting
yet Which master to obey.
3. a. Mentally unsteady or in a whirl ; b, Want-
ing moral stability, giddy.
1gor DouGras Pal. Hon. Prol. 1or My desie heid quhome
laik of brane gart vary. 1599 Broughton's Lett. ii. 9 Meere
buzzings of your owne conceited dizzie braine. 1671 Mitton
P. RK. i, 420 At thy heels the dizzy multitude. 1780 Cowrer
Vable Talk 607 He..dizzy with delight, profaned the
sacred wires. 1875 Jowett Pato (ed. 2) I. 61 My head
is dizzy with thinking of the argument. 1879 Miss JAcKsoN
Shropsh. Word-bk., Duzzy, stupid ; confused. ‘1’m mighty
duzzy this morning.’
4. Accompanied with or producing giddiness.
1605 Suaks. Lear iv. vi 12 How fearefull And dizie ’tis,
to cast ones eyes so low 1643 Mitton Divorce Ded., Did
not the distemper of their own stomachs affect them with
a dizzy megrim, 1812 S. RoGers Columbus 1. 24 ‘he very
ship-bey on the dizzy mast. 1855 Macautay Hist. Eng.
IV. 561 He began. .to climb..towards that dizzy pinnacle.
5. Arising from or caused by giddiness ; reeling.
1715-20 Pope //iad v. 381 Lost in a dizzy mist the war-
riour lies 1740 Pitt Zveid xi1.(R.), A dizzy mist of dark-
ness swims around. 1781 Cowrer //ofe 518 The wretch,
who once. .sucked in dizzy madness with his draught. 1863
Geo, Extor Rowola u. vii, Thought gave way to a dizzy
ss as if the earth were slipping away from under
im,
6. fig. Whirling with mad rapidity.
1791 Cowper //iad xxi. 10 Push’d down the sides of
Xanthus, headlong plung’d, With dashing sound into his
dizzy stream. 1795-1814 Worpsw. Excursion vit. 179
The. .stream, That turns the multitude of dizzy wheels
7. Dull of hearing. dal.
1 Miss Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk., Duzzy, deafish.
‘*E’s lother duzzy ;_ e doesna ‘ear very well.’
8. Comb., as dizzy-cyed, headed.
1sor Suaxs. 1 Hen. V1, 1v. vii. 11 Dizzie-ey'd Furie ..
Suddenly made him from my side to start. 16x Cotcr.
Estourdi, dulled, amazed .. dizzie-headed. 1654 ‘TRAPP
Comm. Ps. cvii. 33 A company of dizzy-headed men
Dizzy (di-zi),v. (OE. had dysizan, -eg?an, dysian
to be foolish, to act or talk foolishly = OFris, dusta,
whence the intr. sense 1 ; but the trans. sense seems
to be a later formation, f. the adjective in its modern
form and sense.]
+1. intr. To act foolishly or stupidly. Oés.
¢888 K. Etrrep Boeth, v. § 2 Ponne dysezab se be bonne
wile hwilc sed opfstan pam drygum furum, a1275 Prov.
AEffred 466 in O. E, Misc. 131 Ac (gif) he drinkit and desiet
perea mor3e, So pet he fordrunken desiende werchet.
tb. To talk foolishly, ge sap in OZ£.).
c1000 Ags. Gosp. Mark ii. wi spycd pes pus . he
dyseqad. bid, Luke xxii. 65 Manega odre ping hig him to
cwadon dysigende.
2. trans. To make dizzy or giddy ; to cause (any
sense) to reel; to produce a swimming sensation
in, to turn the head of.
1g0r Dovctas Pal, Hon. Prol. 109 And with that
sa desyit was 2 | micht. 1606 Suaxs. 77. § Cr. v. il. 174
Not the dreadfull spout .. Shall dizzie with more clamour
Neptunes eare In his discent, then [etc.]. x CowLey
Cutter of Coleman St. v. xiii, You turn my Head, you
dizzy me. 1785 Mrs. A. Grant Lett. fr. Mountains (1813)
II. xix. g9 It dizzies one to look down from the tower.
(Not in
leme
1581 Murcaster Positions |
DO.
1820 Soutuey Lodore, Confounding, astounding, Dizzying
and deafening the ear with its sound. i
3. To render unsteady in brain or mind ; to be-
wilder or confuse mentally.
1604 Snaxs. //am. v. ii. 119 (Qo. 2) To deuide him
inuentorially would dosie [Qo. 3 dazzie, Qq. 4 & 5 dizzie]
th’ arithmaticke of memory. 1801 Het. M. Wiitiams
Sk Fr. Rep. I. i. 7 That wild and chimerical equality,
the fumes of which dizzy the head of the demagogue. 1852
Mrs. Stowe Uncle Vom’s C. xxi, Giving her so many..
charges, that a head less systematic and business-like than
Miss Ophelia’s would haye been utterly dizzied and con-
founded. aédsol. 1864 J. H. Newman Aol. 378 All this is
a vision to dizzy and appal.
Hence Di'zzied ff/. a., Di'zzying vé/. sd. and
Ppl. a.
1804 J. GraHame Sabbath 20 The dizzying mill-wheel
rests. 1823 CHatmers Serv. I. 343 Inthe din and dizzying
of incessant labour. 1853 Fetton Fam. Lett, xiv. (1865)
136 The dizzying effect of height. 1870 Morris /Larthly
Par. 11, 1. 242 With dizzied head upon the ground he
fell.
Dj- is not an English combination, but is some-
times put to represent the Arabic letter esis
=-English 7 (dz), in Arabic, Turkish, or Berber
words, which have come to us through a French
channel, or are spelt in imitation of French ortho-
graphy ; e.g. djebel, a mountain or hill, djerid or
djereed, a javelin, djin, genii or familiar spirits,
djubbah, an outer garment. So far as these
come under the scope of this Dictionary, they
will be found under J; for djowr, an infidel, see
GIraour.
Do (d7), v. Forms and inflexions: see below.
[A common WGer. strong vb. (wanting in Gothic
and Norse): OF. dz =OFris, dua, OS. din, duon,
déan, duan (MDu. & Du. doen, MLG. & LG. don,
duon), OHG., ton, téan, tuon, tuoan, tuen (MIG,
tuon, Ger. thun, tun); Pa.t., OF. dyde, pl. dédon,
dtdon, dydon = OF ris, dede, pl. déden, OS. deda, pl.
didun, dédun (MDu. dede, Du. deed, pl. deden,
MLG, & LG, déde, pl. déden), OIG. deta, pl. tdtam
(MUG, teve, tate, pl. taten, Ger. that, tat, pl. thaten,
taten); Pa. pple., OF. gedén, gedén=OF ris. dén,
OS. gidén, -dden, -duan, ODu. din, (MDu. gedén,
Du. gedaan), OHG. (ge)tin, Ger. gethan, getan;
OTeut. types dé, deda, d&no- : déno-, from verbal
stem d#-;dé- appearing also in Deep, Doom,
-poM), the Germanic representative of the Aryan
verb stem dhé-: dhd-, to place, put, set, lay, in
Skr, dhd-, OPers. d@-, Gr. On- (pres. TiOnyu, deriv. sb.
Gam a penalty imposed), L. -dére in abdére to put
away, condére to put together, dédére to lay down,
OSlav. déte, déyati, Lith. dét?, Lett. dt to put, lay.
The vocalization of the Germanic vb., esp. the present
stem dd- beside the Gr. 6y- and Slav.-Lith. @é-, has been
variously explained (see e.g. Streitberg Urgerm. Gramm.
329). The pret. deda is generally held to be a reduplicated
form corresponding to Skr. dadhau:—orig. *dhedhé. The
ist p. sing. pres. indic. had originally the #z of primitive
verbs in -7?, Skr. -a27, Gr. -wt, L. -22: viz. OF. ddim (later
dd), OS. démt (din), OHG, t6ne, tuone (later tuon), This
verb is considered by many philologists to be the source of
the formative suffix of the pa. t. of weak verbs in the Ger-
manic languages, including Norse and Gothic; in the latter
the plural endings -dédum, -dédup, ~dédun, are the forms
which the pl. of the pret. deda would have in Gothic,
OE. deviates from the other WGer. langs. in the past
dyde, for OS. deda, OHG. tefa; the y is now generally
explained as a special OE. representation of an Indo-ger-
manic weak vowel. Thence the pl. dydon ; the plural cor-
resp. to OS. dédun, modG. thaten, was Anglian dédon
(also dédon, in Cazdmon, etc.). In ME. dyde, dydon were
represented by dude, -en (7), midl. & north. diden, dide, now
cid; but déden (with a sing. déde derived from it like
modG, that from pl. ¢haten) came down in some dialects to
1sth c. In the pres. ind., the 2nd and 3rd pers. sing. in OE.
had umlaut, dest, dé@3, dést, ded, and these forms survived
in sw. till the 15th c.; but ONorthumbrian had, without
umlaut, das, déxvd, déas, and in ME. the forms dést, doth
(dds) are found in north. & midl. from the r2the. The pa.
pple. in OE. is known only with the prefix ze-, which in ME.
remained in the south as y-, 7-. (Forms with ge- are found
also in the pa. t., and occasionally other parts, which, how
ever, are more properly referred to a derivative vb. OE.
gedén, ME. ido, ydo). The final -7 of the pple. was generally
dropped in the south in ME., esp. in the forms ydo, ido,
whence the ado (adi) of modern s.w. dialects.]
A. Inflexional Forms.
l. LZnfinitive.
a. Simple Infinitive, do (di, du). Forms: 1
dén (orth. ddan, déa, doe) ; 2-5 don (4-5 doon,
4 doyne, doun, 4-6 done, 5 doone); 2- do (4-7
doo, 6-7 dooe, doe, Sc. 6 du, dw, 9 dui, dee).
Beowulf 2349 (Th.) Swa sceal man don. 950 Lindis/.
Gosp. Mark x. 17 Huzed sceal ic doa? —xiv.7 Gie magon
him wel doe, 1131 O. E. Chron., Swa swa hi scoldon don.
¢1175 Lamb, Hom. 73 Ne mei na man do ping pet beo god
iqueme. 1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 47 Gret wrong pou woldest
don vs. 13.. Guy Warw. tay 1309, I schal him in mi
prisoun do. ©1374 Cuaucer Boeth, 1. pr. ii. 9 Pat he ma‘
sodone. 1411 Xoll/s of Parit, 111, 651/1 The same. .schail
so doon to hem. 3548 Hatt Chron., Hen. V (an. 10)
78b, We might lawfully so dooe. 1577 B. Gooce Heres-
bach’s Husb, 1. (1586) 46 In what sort shall he best doo it.
1594 SrensER A moretti xlii, Let her .. doe me not .. to dy.
1653 H. Cocan tr. Pinto's Trav. x. 31 What he would have
me do. JZod. Who saw him do it? :
71*
DO.
b. Dative Infinitive (with to) to do (ti di);
in OE. to dénne (déanne, dédenne), ME. to
donne, to done, to don (to donde, to doinde).
c1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xii. 12 ay ys alyfed on reste-
dagum wel to donne [Lindisf. G. wel doa; Kushw. god to
doanne). 1154 O. £. Chron. an. 1137 Alse he ment to don.
c1175 Lamb, Hom, 109 3if he seolf nule don swa swa he heom
teched to donne. a1200 Moral Ode 19 Ar3e we beob to
done god. c1z00 77in. Coll. Hom. 139 He was send ..
to donde prefolde wike. /d/d.219 He ne turnde. .to doinde..
nan per pinge. c1305 St. Kath. 82 in E. EL. P.(1862) 92 Pan
we hire .. makede to do sacrefise. c 1374 Cuaucer Boeth.
11. pr. xii. 102, I haue lytel more to done. 1387 TREVISA
Higden (Rolls) I. 87 (Matz.) More redy for to doo than for
to speke. c1420 Metr. Life St. Kath. (Halliw.) 3 To dethe
hyt for to doone! 1 Tinpate A/ark vy. 7 What haue
1 to do [1611 to doe} ou the? 1548 Haut Chron., Hen. V,
(an. 8) 71b, Men that enforce theim for to doen or to
ymagine wronges. 1556 Aurelio § /sab, (1608) K vij, So am
} constrainede to doo it. 1644 Mitton ie 2 (Arb.) 32
Which if I now should begin to doe. J/od. What are you
going to do?
2. Indicative Present.
a. ist pers. sing. dO. Forms: 1d6m (déam),
dé (déa); 2- do (4-6 doo, 6-7 doe).
c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxvii. 22 Hwet Sonne dém ic
of dem halend? [c975 Aushw. G. ibid., Hwat dom ic
panne be helend? ¢1000 Ags. G. ibid., Hwat do ic ?]
Lindisf. Gosp. John xiv. 14 Dis ic doam vel icuyrco. [c 975
Rushw. G. ibid., Dis dom ic.) c 1000 ELFRic Gram. xxxill.
(Z.) 210 Ic do od8e wyrce. 1388 Wyciir Fohu xiii. 7 What
Y do thou wost not now. ¢1400 Melayne 361, I doo yowe
wole to wytt. 1535 Coverpace 1 Saw. iii. 11 Beholde I do
athinge. 1610 SHAKS. 7em/f. 1. ii. 52 That I doe not.
b. 2nd pers. sing. Aoest (di-ést), dost (dzst).
Forms: 1 dest, dést (.Vorth. déas, dées, dées),
2-4 dest, 2—- dost (3-7 dust, 4-5 doist, 7 doost ;
3-4 north. dos, 4 dose, duse, 5 doyse), 6- doest
6 doeste, doiste, 7 do’st). In late use, the form
doest is confined to the principal verb, dost is usually
auxiliary.
c950 Lindis/. Gosp. Matt. vi. 2 Donne Su doas «lmessa.
— John vi. 30 pat bu dows. ¢975 Rushw. G. ibid., Hwact
Su does. c1000 Airric Gen. xil. 18 Hwi dest pu wid me
swa? ¢ 1160 //atton G. John vi. 30 Hwat dest pu? c1175
Lamb, Hom, 23 pa dedbote be pu dest. /bid. 67 Jef bu pus
dost. ¢ 1200 ORMIN 15587 Pu .. patt dost tuss pise dedess.
1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 428 Pou ne dust no3t as be wyse.
c1300 Havelok 2390 Wat dos pu here? 1375 Cantic. de
Creatione 230 Pou vs dest so mochel wo. ¢ 1385 CHAUCER
L. G. W. 315 What dostow here? c¢1460 JVowveley
Myst. (Surtees) 3 So thynke me that thou doyse. 1534
Tixvae John vii. 3 Thy workes that thou doest [so al
16-17th c. vv., Wyclif doist). did. ix. 34 And dost thou
teache vs? [so 1539 Cranm.; but 1§57 Geneva, 1584 Khem,
161r have ‘doest']. 1610 Suaks. Zemp. 1. it. 78 Do'st
thou attend me? 161r Biste 1 Avugs xix. g What doest
thou here, Eliiah? — ohn xiii. 27 Vhat thou doest [T1n-
DALE dost], doe quickly. 1653 Hotcrort /rocopius Iv. 153
Doest thou run after thine owne Master? A/od. poetic.
Why dost thou weep?
c. 3rd pers. sing. does doth
(dp), doeth (dizép).
Forms: a. 1 (de®, dds), dé3, 2-5 dep (2
deap, diep, 3 deep, 5-6 dethe), 3-5 dop (4
doith, 5-6 dooth), 5- doth, 6-7 doeth (6 dothe).
B. 1 north. Adas, dées, 3-4 north. dos, dus, (4
dotz, 5 duse, doys), 5-6 dois, dose (6 doose),
6- does. y. 6-do (doe). The orig. northern form
does superseded doth, doeth, in 16-17th c. in general
use; the latter being now liturgical and poetic. The
form fe do is now s.w. dial.
a. c1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. v. 19 Se pe hit ded [c
Lindisf. G. doed). a 1178 Cott. Hom. 233 Hwat ded si maser
hire bearn?..hi hit..died under hire arme. c1175 Lam.
Hom, 5x Alswa me dead bi pe deade. c 1200 77in. Coll. Hom.
53 He dod alse holie write seid. 1320 Cast. Love 1468 Vn-
wrestlyche he deep, 1340 Ayend. 68 In al pet god dep.
€ 1340 Cursor M. 11838 (Trin.) pis caitif .. Doob [v.. dos]
him leches for to seke. 1382 Wyctir 9ofn iii, 2r Ech man
that doith yuele. ¢1g00 Me/usine |xii. 371 Yf a man dooth
as wel as he can. 1559 Primer in Priv. Prayers (1851) 35
God..Which doth all in order due. 1569 Gotpinc Heminges
Post, 27 The thing that Christ dothe here, is that he dothe
Peter to understand. _ Gotvinc De Mornay xi. (1617)
166 He doeth thee to onderstand. 1588 Snaks. Z. L. aad
1. ii, 50 It doth amount to one more then two, | 1741 S¢.
German's Doctor & Stud.2t He that doth against them,
doth against justice. 1819 Suetey Cenci tv. iv. 4, I must
speak with Count Cenci; doth he ae
B. c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. vi. 3 winstra Sin hut
wyrcas vel doas suidra din. /did. vii. 24 Se Se .. da
ilco. bid. viii. g Ic cuedo .. Seua minum, do dis, and [he]
does [Rushw. he doep). a 1300 Cursor M. 5208 He dus
{v.». dos] nakins ping. ¢1340 /déd. 2908 (Fairf.) Hit
dose [v.7. dos] mony in syn to fal. a1375 Yoseph Arim.
5, edos as he bad. ¢ 1450 St. Cuthdert (Surtees) 7291
Wha so dose agayne pe saynte. 1555 Anr. Parker 7S. xxii,
My hart ..doth melt and pyne, as waxe by fier dose.
1596 Suaks. 1 //en. JI’, 1. i. 172 Faith he does. 1601 —
d's Well w. iii. 236 Our Interpreter do's it well. 7id. 317
Why do’s he aske?) 1661 Marvett Corr. xxi. Wks. 1872-5
II. 54 Longer then your business usually dos. 1662 Sti-
LINGFL, Orig. Sacr. i. iii. § 2 The person that does them.
y- 1547 Bate Sed. Was. ( ay) 234 No goodly institution,
nor ordinance .. do this faithful woman contemn. a
Puitrot Exam, § Writ. (1842) 333 He. .do confess himse
to speak of this third kind. 1559 W. Cunntncuam Cosmogr.
Glasse 6 “oa doe deliniat, and set out the universal
earth, 1660 Perys Diary (7875) 1. 62 Sir Arthur Hasel-
rigge do not yet appear in the House. 1791 Ricnakpson
Pamela 1. 65 He don't know you. 1831 Fonstanque Eng.
under 7 Administ. (1837) 11. 100 God don't suffer them
now. Mod. s.w, dial. ite du zay. That he du,
dpz); arch.
-mowthe po his hond he dode.
562
a. plural; do.
Forms: a, 1 468, d6 (we, etc.), (déaB, déeS),
2-4 dop. B. 3-4 don, (4-5 done), 6- do (5-6
doo, 6-7 doe, dooe, 7- inferr. Aye). y. north. 1
déas, dées, 3-6 dos, 4 dose, dus, 4-5 duse, 6
dois.
a. c975 Rushw. Gosp. Matt. v. 46 Ah gefel-zeroefe bat
ne doep. /did. 47 Hwzt doap ze marae? c 1000 Ags. Gosp.
Matt. v. 47 G fe Sxt dop. /bid., Hwat do ze mare?
¢1175 Lamb. Hom. g Bet .. pene we dop. 1340 Ayend. 69
Hi dob. .pe contrarye.
B. c12z00 Trin. Coll. Hom. 19 two ping don alle
heden men. 1382 Wycur A/ark vil. 8 Manye opere thingis
lyke to pes 3e don [1 doon ; 1534 Tinpate—r6x1 ye do;
1582 Khem. you doe}, 1426 AupELay Poems 12 Thai done
hym deme, 1576 FLeminc Panof/. Epist. 89 What you doe,
and what other do. 1584 PEeLe Arraignm. Paris 1. iii,
As done these fields and groves. 1660 Jer. Tayvior Worthy
Commun. i. § 2. 39 We do it also, and doe it much more.
1730 A. Gordon Maffer's Amphith,. 108 Why don't they con-
sider? a 1832 BentnAm Mem. Wks. 1843 X. 246 How d'ye do?
y. €950 Limdisf. Gosp. Matt. v. 46 Bzer-suinnigo dis doas.
lbid. 47 Gie doas vel wyrcas, ¢1340 Hampote /’r. Conse.
4146 Swilk men. .pat mykel dus [v. 7. dose] ogayns Goddes |
lawe. c1g00 Duse [see 24d]. 1533 Dois [ibid.]. A/od.
north, dial, Them that does it.
8. Indicative Past.
a. ist and 3rd pers. sing. Aid.
Forms: 1-2 dyde , 2-5 dide, dude (7/), dede,
5 dode, 4-6 dyde, dyd, 4~ did (4 dud, 4-5 didd,
5-6 didde).
ax1000 Cxdmon's Gen. 2691 (Gr.) Ne dyde ic for facne.
a1131 O. E. Chron. an. 1123 Pis he dyde. /bid. an. 1127 Se
king hit dide. cx175 Lamb. Hom.g5 He dude pet heo weren
birnende. c1ago Gen. & Ex. 762 Quer abram is bigging
dede. cr R. Brunne Chron, (1810) 221 Sir Rauf .. did
per his endyng. 13.. Cursor AM. 1608 He to pin him-selfen
did [G. didd, 77. didde}. c 148 Lbid. 6270 (1 rin.) Pe brode
watir hedud him ynne [earlier MSS. did, dide]. 1387 Trevisa
Higden(Rolls| 1.215 Perynne Romulus dede his owne ymage.
¢ 1420 Chron. Vilod, 501 He dude also. /bid. 936 To his
¢ 1430 Syrx Tryam. 495 He
dyd hym faste away. 1461 Cui. Paston in Paston Lett.
No. 367 I. 540, I dede .. Hauswan goo to my Lord. 1590
Srenser /.Q. 1. i. 33 All I did, I did but as I ought.
b. 2nd pers. sing. didst.
Forms: a, 1 dydes(t, 2-5 dides(t, dudest, 5
dydest, 6-7 diddest, 6- didst. 8. 3-4 dides-
(tou), dedes-, dudes-; . orth 4 did.
a 1000 Andreas 929 (Gr.) Du ondsac dydest. a122§ Ancr.
R. 306 pis pu dudest per. c1230 Hali Med. g Pat tu eauer
dides te into swuch peowdom. 13.. Cursor M. 10484 Als
pou did [v.77 diddist, dudest) quilum dame sarra. did.
12626 Qui did bu bus? [7 77%. aie bros pus]. x Wyctir
2 Sam. xii. 12 Pou didist hidyngli. c1450 Merlin 41 Thow
dedist their brother to be slain. 1545 Primer Hen. V/11,
Litany, The noble workes that thou diddest in their daies.
1611 Biste 2 Sam. xii. 12 Thou diddest it secretly. did.
Ps, xliv. 1 What worke thou didst in their dayes. 1819
Snettey Fulian § M. 459 Thou. .didst speak thus and thus.
e. plural did.
Forms: 1 dydon (-un), foet. Angi. dédon
(WS. d&don), 2 didon, 2-5 diden, duden,
deden (2 dedeun, 4 didyn, diddyn), 2-6 dide,
3-5 dude, dede (4-6 didde), 4- did (4 dud, 5-6
dyd). :
Caedmon's Gen. 722 (Gr.) Pat hie to mete dadon ofet un-
fale. Jbid. 1944 He ne cude hweet pa cynn dydon. cgso
Lindisf. Gosp. Late. xxvi. 19 And dedon 8a degnas sua
bibeod himdehzlend. /é/d. xxviii.15 Hia. .dedon sua weron
gelwred [Rushw.dydun, Ags. CG. dydon, Hatt.dyden). a1132
O. E. Chron, an, 1129 Swa swa hi ear didon. 1154 /éid. an.
1137 Sume hi diden in crucethus ., and dide scearpe stanes
per inne. c1175 Lamé, /fom. 91 Heo. .swa duden, ig a
Gen. §& Ex, 1059 He so deden als he hem bad. ¢1330 R.
Brunne Chron. (1810) 201 —— did pat dome. ¢ 1340
Cursor M. 17411 (Trin) 3e duden him vndir lok & sele.
cx Wyeuir Sed. Wks. III. 109 More .. pan pey dude.
I Trevisa //igden (Rolls) IV. 353 Pey dede (v.77. dude,
dide} hym in to pe see. ¢ 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xi. 42 Pai
did Criste to deed. /id. xv. 67 Him didd pe Iews on pe
crosse. ¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 1381 Dydden all to the dethe.
lbid. : = yden, ooo se gana a =
myschyvysly. 1530 Compend. Treat. (1863) 59 iden
apostles, 1 ret Chron., Hen. V (an. 8) 72b, Why ‘itd
thei take it 1659 Baxter Aey Cath, xxxv. 252 The rest..
did what they did.
4. Subjunctive Present.
a. singular Ao. Forms: 1 a6, (dée, déa),
2— do (5-7 doo, doe).
cgso Lindisf. Gosp. Mark x. 35 Patte..du doe us. ¢975
Rushw, Gosp. Matt. vi. 3 Nyte A pater hond pin hwet
pin sio swipre doa. c 1000 Ags. /’s. os Ixxv. 6 Dat he do
ealle hale. azaag St, Marher. 20 Ich bidde .. tu do
baldeliche. 13.. Cursor M. 2 Par-of. .scho do hir will.
¢ 1400 Maunpev. (1839) iv. 32 3if ony man do thereinne on
maner metalle, 1577 B. Goocre Hereshach's Hush. 1. (1586
15 b, That he doo not thinke himselfe wyser then his maister.
1581 Savite Zacitus Hist, 1. vii. (1591) 5 Doe he wel doe
he ill, al is illtaken, Zod. If he do anything unexpected.
b. plural do. Forms: 1 dén (déen, déan,
dée), 2-5 don, 4-5 doon, 3- do (5-7 doo, doe).
axoo0o Father's Instr. (Cod. Ex.) 70 Deah hi wom dén.
13.. Cursor M. 23760 (Fairf.) 1f we blepeli after him do.
¢ 1385 Cuaucer L, G. IV. 1088 Ariadne, That we doon the
hae -Tocome. Mod, What if we do?
. Subjunctive Past, did.
Forms : sing. 1 dyde (déde); 2- (as Indicative).
plural 1 dyden, dyde ; 2- (as Indic.).
agoo Martyrol. in O. E. T. 178/36 Da freegn se. for hwon
he sua dede. cggo Lindis/. ae John xv. 24 Gif ic ne
dyde, — Matt. xu. 16 on vel dydon [Aushew. dydun).
DO.
©1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xi. 2t Hi dydun ded-bote [Lindis/,,
Rashes. dydom, Hatt. hyo deden). Aurelio & Isab,
(1608) K vij, If I didde it not. J/od. If you did that, you
would be blamed.
a doo. 1611 Bisre Yer. xliv. 4
a
‘déas), 2-3 dop, 4 dothe, 4-5 dooth.
(5-7 doo, doe).
dose.
o. cx00o Ags. Gosp. Matt. iii. 3 Dob his sidas rihte.
¢ 1340 Cursor M. 16281 (Laud) Dothe hym on rode. ¢ 1350
Will. Palerne 3807 Dop your dede to-day. c1400 A. Davy
Dreams 154 Doob me into prison.
. ©3340 Cursor M. 4893 (Fairf.) Do folow ham. 1611
Bisie Matt. vii. 12 Doe [earlier 16th c. vv. do) ye even so
to them, 1682 Norris ///erocles, Golden Verses 32 That doe.
y. c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. iii. 2 Hreonisse doas vel
wyrcas. — John vi. 10 Does patte 3a menn gesitta.
@ 1300 Cursor M. 2792 Tas and dos [Faiz/. take an and do]
your will wit paa, cx300 HAvELoK 2592 Dos me als ich
wile you lere, cr ‘ursor M. sogo (Fairf.) Make you
redy..and dose you e.
7. Present larticiple doing (divin).
Forms: a, 1 dénde (déende), 2~3 donde, 4
doinde, 4-6 doinge, doynge, 6- doing. B. north.
3-5 doande, 4-6 doand.
cgso Lindisf. Gosp. John, Cont. x, Efne zelic hine..
doende gode. ¢ 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxiv. 46 Hys hlafurd
hyne zemet pus dondne [Zind. doende, Aushw. dénde,
Hatt, doende). ¢1275 Lay. (es Her solle pe wel donde
euere worbe riche. c1300 Beket 277 Evere doinge he was,
Mod. What was he found doing?
8. Past Participle done (dyn).
Forms: a. 1 3ed6n (-deen, -dén, -déen, -déan),
2-3 idon, 3-5 ydon, ido, ydo (5 ydoo, edoone).
B. 3-7-don, 4- done (4 doun, dunje, 5 doon,
north, doyne, 5-6 doone, doen, 6 dooen, downe,
Sc.6- dune). +. 4-6 do, 5 doo, doe.
a, 1123 O. E. Chron., Swa mycel hearm ber wees zedon.
¢ 13305 St. Edward 19 in E. E. P. (1862) 107 Pulke ring is
gut..for relik ido. c1g20 Chron. Vilod.377 Had y don
meyte in adysshe. /éid. 580 Hit was bo y do. J.
Suirtey Dethe A. Fames (1818) 26 That edoone is Somer
mane was commandid..to kut of that hand. ¢ 1440 Parto-
aye 6794 How he hadde follyly I do.
. a31x31 O. E. Chron, an, 1126, Pet ws eall don Surh
his dohtres rad. a@1300 Cursor 4 cra Pin Se has pou
pusgatdon? 13.. bid. 16762422 Til is dede is doyn.
— /bid. 16812 Thingez pat are doyne. — /bid. 20065
Crist was doun on pe rode. ¢13§0 Will. Palerne 987 Y-
wisse, y am done. ¢1380 Wycur Serm. Sel. Wks. 1. 271
Bifore alle pingis ben doone. c 1420 Pallad. on Hush. 1. 4
As sum have n, 1425 Wyntoun Cron, vi. xii. 28 Pan
wes he dwne. 1432-s0 tr. //igden (Rolls) I. 19
scholde be doen. 1 Fisner Wks, (1876) 380 He hath
--don al this. 1555 pen Decades 182 After he hath dooen
thus, 1558-68 Warve tr. Alexis’ Secr. 2a, That doen,
take a pound..of Aloes. 1577 B. Gooce Heresbach's Hush.
Iv. (1586) 174 b, All is dasbt, and done. meng Tear Fewell-
ho. 1. 5 ‘To have been doone by Abimelech. tr.
Scheffer’s Lapland 7 Which don, he rises up. 1860-1 Fro.
Nientincace Nursing 24 [To see) that what ought to be
done is always done.
y- 13.. Cursor M. 2413 (Trin.) Sir she seide hit shal be
do, ¢1380 Wycuir Serm, Sel. Wks. I, 337 3if Eve hadde do
so. ¢1449 Pecock Kepr. Prol. 1 So that it be do with
honeste. 1482 Monk of Evesham (Arb. 48 Uh yreye that
y schulde haue doo. rg0g Act 1 Hen. V'1/1, Pref., kynge
.-hath do to be ordeined. 1g22 World & Child in Hazl.
Dodsley 1, 252 Many a lord have I do lame,
9. Verbal sb. Dorne, q.v.
B. a. =e
General sc! of —I. Transitive senses ("To
~ ** To bestow, penn 4 2 To poi, effect). IIL,
ntransitive : ‘To put forth action, to act. III, Causal and
Auxiliary uses (* Causal. ** Substitute, *** Periphrastic),
1V, Special uses of certain parts (Imperative, Infinitive, Pres.
le., Past prie.). V. Special uses with prepositions (e. g.
for). V1, In combination with adverbs (e. g. do off).
. Transitive senses.
*To put, place. (Cf. the adv. combinations do
on, off, in, out, etc. in VI.)
+1. To put, place. a Zt, Obs. exc. dial.
897 K. ALrrev Gre, 's Past. xlix. (E.E.T.S,) 383
Dat mon his sweord doo ofer his hype. ¢ 1000 Ags.
Matt. ix. 17 Hig dod niwe win on niwe bytta, 1154 O. £.
Chron. an. 1137 Me dide cnotted strenges abuton here
heued. ¢x175 Lamb. Hom, 8 corn me ded in to
gerner. c1ago Gen. & Ex. 2586
a-non don de flod wid-in, axz00 Cursor M. 13846 (Cott.
pat he be tan, and don in . €%300 /bid, 20112
Amang pe nunnis. .he hir dide. ¢ 1400 Sowdone 1
Take myn hawberke and do it on the. ¢ 1440 Anc. Cookery
in Househ. Ord. (2790) 425 Do hom in a pot and seth hom,
B. 4- do
y. north. 3-4 dos (dus), 4-5
and do therto gode h. Carcrave Chron.
..presumed to do upon him t is stole. 1: Foxe
A.§ M(x IL. 440 If I would not tell where done
+b. fig. Obs.
c1a30 Hadi Meid. 7 Ded hire in to drecchunge to dihten
hus 7 hea. 1300 Cursor M. 15235 (Cott.) Pat sal pis
DO.
ilk night be don..to mikel pine. ¢ 1305 Fudas Iscariot 46
in &. Z. P. (1862) 108 Pe quene vpe him hire hurte dude.
3328 Prose Psalter xxxix. [xl]. 15 Ne do nou3t, Lord, by
mercy fer fra me. 1393 Lanci. P. PZ. C. xx1. 93 Ich do me
in 30ure grace. c1460 Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 16 And
- thou thus dos me from thi grace. 1535 Stewart Cron. Scot.
1858) I. 225 He did him in his will. 1598 A/ucedorus in
azl. Dodsley VII. 222 Take him away, and do him to
execution straight.
ce. Zo do to death: orig. to put to death ; now,
often with emphasis on the do, implying a slow
or protracted process. arch. (Cf. DEATH 12.)
1175 Cott. Hom. 229 Hu hi michte hine to deade 3edon.
a 1225 Leg. Kath. 2131 Ichulle .. don pe to deade. 1300
Cursor M. 13961 (Cott.) Pe Iues .. soght iesu at do to ded.
cx Prcock Repr. 564 Men for her trespacis ben doon
into her Deeth. 1579-80 Nortn Plutarch (1676) 1004 The
rea away and doing his Wife Octavia to death. 1599
HAKS. Much Ado v. ili. 3 Done to death by slanderous
tongues. 1868 Freeman Norm. Cong. (1876) II. viii. 302
That brother had been done to death by English traitors.
+d. Zo do of: to put out of, deprive of, rid of,
‘do out’ of. Zo do of dawe, adawe: see Day sb.
17. To do of live: see LirE. Ods.
¢ 1305 St. Lucy 95 in EZ. E. P. (1862) 104 Ne mai no wom-
man .. of hire maidenhod beo ido. 13.. Cursor AM. 5944
(Cott.) Drightin sua pam did of all.
+2. reft. To put or set oneself; to betake one-
self, proceed, go. Ods.
12285 Ancr. R. 430 Me were leouere uorto don me touward
Rome. a1300 Cursor M. 12832 (Cott.) He did him pan to
flum iordan. c1300 St, Brandan 33 We dude ous in a
schip. 13. . Guy Warw. (A.) 343 On his knes he him dede
Bifor Felice. c1340 Gaw. § Gr. Kut. 1368 Ho dos hir
forth at pe dore. cx Will. Palerne 2061 He deraied
him as a deuel & dede him out a-3eine. c1425 Seven Sag.
(P.) 2416 He dyde hym anoon to ryde. ¢1435 Torr. Por-
tugal 1521 Of the valey he did hym swith.
+b. zntr. To proceed, go. See Do way (53).
Obs.
a 1300 Cursor M. 6140 ‘ Dos now forth’, bai said in hi.
+ 3. trans. To apply, employ, lay out, expend.
Obs. To do cost: see Cost sb.2 5.
ratr E. E, Wills (1882) 17 Y wille pat be surplus be don
for my soule. 1434 /éid, 101 Sell hit, & do hit for the loue
of gi 1522 Bury Wills (1850) 117 The mony..to be don
for my sowle pote By
b. To settle, invest. Ods.
¢1330 R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 31 Who felle to haf
lond, on pam it suld be don. a
** To bestow, impart, grant, render, give (a thing
to a person) ; to cause to befall or come,
Orig. with dative of the recipient or person affected, and
accusative of that which is imparted or caused: e.g. ‘it did
him credit’, But in later use the dative is largely replaced
by ¢o and prepositional object, and then changes places with
the verbal object : ‘it did credit #0 his good sense’,
(The primary notion here appears to have been that of
putting (or bestowing’) something to a person, being closely
related to prec. section, in which a person is put to or into
something. ;
4. To impart to, bring upon (a person, etc.) some
affecting quality or condition; to bestow, confer,
inflict ; to cause by one’s action (a person) to have
(something. In later use, associated more closely
with the notion of performance, as in 6, e.g. 40 do
any one a service=to perform some action that
is of service to him.
axo00 Martyrol. 7 May(E E.T.S.) 78 Se zedyde dumbum
men sprece. cxooo Ags. Ps. (Th.) cxliili]. 10 Pu me god
dydest. 1154 O. E. Chron. an. 1137 Alle be pines pe hi
diden wrecce men. cx1205 Lay. 481 Bs willed pe freonscipe
don. a@122g Ancr. R. 124 zs dest me god. a@1300 Cursor
M. 13666 (Cott.) He thoght him-do solace. /d/d. 20079
(Cott.) Pai me do pis mikel scham. 747d. 20274 (Cott.) It
dos me god pat i yuu se. ¢1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) iv 12
Scho duse na man harme. 1523 Lp. Berners Fyo/ss I.
ecvii. 244 The which dyd them great trouble. 1535 Cover-
DALE 2 Macc. ix. 7 It brussed his body, & dyd him greate
payne. 1675 Woop Zife(Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 316 It..did me
a great deal of good. 1773 GoLpsm. Stoops to Cong. v, Sure
he'll do the dear boy no harm. 1819 Sourney Le#t. (1856)
III. 112 The book does him very great credit.
b. To render, administer, pay, extend, exhibit,
show 40 a@ Zerson (justice, worship, thanks, etc.).
arxo00 CynewuLr Christ 1567, Hy to sid dod gastum
helpe. c1o00 Ags. Ps. (Th.) cviii. 2t Do me pine .. mycle
mildheortnesse. 1154. O. E, Chron. an. 1140 Alle diden
him manred. ¢1300 Cursor M. 24058 (Edin.) Vs al to don
sucour. ¢1340 /did. 15047 (Trin.) Pat we do suche
worshepe as we may. c1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) xxiv. 113,
I schall do fe an euill turne. c 1450 Merlin 5 ‘They moste
do hir the lawe. ¢1477 Caxton Fason 11 To doo her
ayde ayenst her ennemyes. 1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. 1.
exxxiii, 161 Than the kyng dyd them that grace, that he
suffred them to I Rowe Ulyss. 1. i, To do
him right He was a Man indeed. 1776 Trial of Nundo-
comar 73/1 The Gentlemen of the Audawlet would do him
justice, 1847 Marrvar Childr. N. Forest xiii, 1 did a
gipsy a good turn once,
5. With the indirect object governed by fo; thus
passing into 6.
a@1300 Cursor M. 17288+257 (Cott.) A grete honour to
wymmen did he in pat cas. ¢ 1340 /bid, 5980 (Fairf.) pe folk of
ne pat maste to bestes done worshepe. ¢ 1385 CHaUCER
. G. W. 1601 Hypsip. & Medea, He made hire don to
Iason cumpaynye At mete. ¢1420 Chron. Vilod. 493 Of pe
desplesaunce Lc nant do to 3ow. 1509 Hawes Past. Pleas.
xxxul. xxviii, These ladies unto me did great pleasaunce.
1587 Gotpinc De Mornay iii. 36 If due Iustice vnto you
were doone. 1660 Pepys Diary (1890) 17 Which .. he did
to do a courtesy to the town. 1711 Appison Sfect. No. 70
? 5 Persons..which do Honour to their Country. 1878 S.
563
Wa rote Hist. Eng. 1. 158 A day's sport which would have
done credit to these modern days.
*** To put forth (action or effort of any kind) ;
to perform, accomplish, effect. (Now the leading
trans. use.)
Since every kind of action may be viewed as a particular
form of doing, the uses of the verb are as numerous as the
classes of objects which it may govern. Only the general
senses can here be exhibited ; the phrases formed by the
verb with special substantive objects, are treated under the
words concerned ; e.g. 40 do honour, the honours of: see
Honour.
6. To perform, execute, achieve, carry out, effect,
bring to pass. (With an object denoting action.)
e.g. to do work, a thing, that, it, what ? ete.
axooo Guthlac 61 (32) [Hi] pa -weorc ne dod. a 1000
Boeth, Metr. xiii. 79 (Gr.) Hio sceal eft don pet hio ar
dyde, 1123 O. E. Chron., Pis he dyde eall for pes biscopes
luuen. arzzg Leg. Kath. 748 Heo ne duden nawiht. @ 1300
Cursor M, 13473 (Cott.) He..Wist well wat he had to don.
1382 Wycuir John x. 37 If I do not the workis of my fadir,
nyle 3e bileue to me. c1450 St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 4156
Of diuers miracles pat Cuthbert did. 158x Muccaster /’os/-
tions i. (1887) 2 Neither [ haue don so much as I might.
1611 Biste Zvansl. Pref 2 He did neuer doe a more
pleasing deed. 1711 Appison Sfect. No. 93 ® 1 Our Lives
:.are spent either in doing nothing at all, or in doing nothing
to the purpose. 1847 Marryar Childr. N. Forest iv, Hum-
phrey will..do all the hard work.
b. 70 do good, evil, right, wrong, etc.
c 1000 Ags. /’s. Ixi[i]. g Ge woh dod. 1154 O. 2. Chron. an.
1140 Ware se he com he dide mare yuel panne god. c 1300
Cursor M, 29167 (Cott. Galba) Pam aw here to do right.
1382 Wycur “ccé. vii. 21 Ther is not forsothe a riz3twis
man in the erthe, that do good, and not synne. 1813
Doucias 42ne?s ut. i. 105 Quhat wickitnes or mischeif may
be do. 1526-34 ‘Tinvace J/att. xxvii. 23 What evyll hath he
done? 1847 Marryat Childr. N. Forest xxv, Surely I
have done wrong.
e. To commit (sin, crime, etc.) ; to perpetrate.
Obs. or arch.
arooo Father's Insty. 70 (Cod. Ex. If. 81a) Deah hi wom
don, 1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 369 Pulke robberye, bat hym
po3te he adde ydo. a@ 1300 Cursor A/, 5173 (Gitt.) Ze gabb,
and certis, 3e do gret sin. c1440 Promp. Parv. 126/2 Do
mawmentrye, ydolatro. 14..Circumcisionin Tundal's Vis.
(1843) 98 As thow dydest neuer trespace. 1539 Br. Hitsry
Primer 11, Thou shalt dono murder, 1686 in Picton L'food
Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 271 Severall abuses done by such as
sell rootes. a1745 Swirt Rules conc. Servants Wks. 1745
VIII. 7 When you have done a fault, be pert and insolent.
d. To execute, administer, practise (a function,
office, or duty).
c 1000 Ags. Ps. (Th.) cxxxix. 12 Gode ded drihten domas.
1154 V. £. Chron, an. 1140 He dide god iustise and makede
pais. a 1300 Cursor M. 9708 (Cott.) Rightwisli to do iustise.
Ibid, 27272 Queper pai pair mister leli do. 1715 Lront
Palladio's Archit. (1742) I. 99 ‘The judges attended to do
justice. 1847 Marryat Childr N, Forest xxvii, As many
of your countrymen as you may consider likely to do good
service. 1892 Garpiner Stud, Hist, Eng, 21 Justice was
done between man and man,
e. With various extensions of the predicate ex-
pressing the relation of the action to another person
or thing. Often blending with 5.
c1000 Ags. Ps.(Th.) Ixxxv. 16 Do zedefe mid me, Drihten,
tacen. 1154 O. &. Chron. an. 1137 Na god ne dide me for
his saule os of. cx1175 Lamb. Hom. 121 Pere muchele
mildheortnesse pe he dude on us. @1300 Cursor M. 19325
(Cott.) Pai durst na uiolence to bam do. 1382 Wycuiir Fok
xvi. 3 And thei schuln do to 30u thes thingis, for thei han
not knowe the fadir, nether me. c1g00 Maunpev. (1839)
xxx. 300 So riche pat pei wyte not what to done with hire
godes. c 1480 Crt, Love 46 Love arted me to do my observ-
aunce To his estate. 1535 CoveRDALE 1 Chron. xx.[xix]. 2,
I wil do mercy vpon Hanun the sonne of Nahas. 1 Mit-
ton Areop (Arb.) 37 Then began to be consider’d..what was
to be don to libellous books. 1719 De For Crusoe i. ii,
We knew not what to do with this poor girl. 1843 /vaser’s
Mag. XXVIII. 729 What is to be done with Teslana now?
1890 Sir N. Linptey in Law Times Rep. LXIIIL. 690/1, 1
think an injustice has been done to the plaintiff.
7. To perform duly, carry out, execute. (With
obj. expressing command, duty, etc.)
c82s5 Vesp. Psalter cxlii. 10 Ler mec doan willan dinne.
axo000 Cxdmon's Gen. 142 Drugon and dydon drihtnes
willan, a1300 Cursor M. 3414 (Cott.) Gladli his biding he
didd. cr Cuaucer L. G. W. 1644 Hypsip. §& Medea,
And doth his oth & goth with hire to bedde. ?a 1525
Hickscorner in Hazl. Dodsley 1. 177 Do my counsel,
brother Pity. 1557 N. ‘I’. (Genev.) A/att. vi. 10 Thy wil
be done [Tinp. fulfilled]. 1653 Hotcrorr Procopius 11. 50
They did his commands with alacrity. 1712 J. JAMEs tr.
Le Blond’s Gardening 204 Vake out the Dirt that hinders
the Water from doing its Office. | x! E. Peacock Mabel
Heron I. i. § Servants who did his bidding.
b. To perform duly, celebrate (a ceremony, etc.).
a 1000 Soul's Compl. 69 Ponne haleze menn gode. .lofsong
dod. a1300 Cursor M. 28251 (Cott.) In kyrk. .quen
seruis was todo. ¢1400 Destr. Troy 1413 All pere lordes
Didyn sacrifice solempne ynto sere goddes. 1463 Bury
Wills (Camden) 28 Whan the messe is do on my yeerday.
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 219 b/2 To don penaunce here for
our synnes. 1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. V (an. 8) 75 b, The
coronacion of his Quene and spouse..whiche was doen the
daie of S. Mathy. 1583 Ricu Phylotus & Em. (1835) 23
The Mariage rites that are to bee doen in the Churche.
1875 Stusss Const, Hist. I11, xviii. 127 She..submitted to
the correction of the bishops, and did penance,
+c. To execute, discharge, deliver (a message,
etc.). Obs. %
1523 Lv. Berners Froiss, I. Ixxvi. 97 They loked among
them who shulde do y® message. . 1580 SipNey Arcadia
(1622) 55 A Gentleman desired leaue to doe a message from
his Lord vntohim. 1596 J. Dee in Lett, Zit. Men (Camden)
DO.
88 To Mr. Boston..I wold full fayne have my commenda-
tionsdone. 1678 Bunyan Pi/gr.1. 144 We will do him word
of this thy behaviour. 1706-7 'arquuar Beaux Strat. 1.
ii, Do my bassemains to the gentleman.
8. (In fa. pple. and perf. tenses.) To accomplish,
complete, finish, bring to a conclusion. Zo de
done, to be at an end.
a 1300 Cursor M, 20319 (Cott.) Mi ioi es don euerilk dele.
¢ 1320 R. Brunne Medit. 131 Whan pe soper was do, cryst
ros anone. @1450 Ant. de la Tour (1868) 145 Alle the ..
seruice is songe & doo. ¢ 1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon i.
56 He knewe well that it was doon of [=all up with] hym.
1548-9 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer 127b, When the Clerkes
have dooen syngyng. 1568 Grarron Chron, IL. 21 Before
his funerall obsequy was finished and done. 1697 DrypeN
Virg. Past. 1x.73 Now the Chime of Poetry is done. @1745
Swirt Direct. Servants Wks. (1869) 566/2 When dinner is
done. 1887 Riper Haccarp Fess xv, By the time that the
horses had done their forage.
b. Zo be done is used of the agent instead of
‘to have done’, in expressing state rather than
action. (Chiefly Zr7sh, Sc., U.S., and dal.)
1766 Amory Buncle (1770) 1V. 119, I was done with love
for ever, 1771 ‘I. Jerrerson Let. 7. Adams in Harper's
Mag. No. 482. 206 One farther favor and Iam done. 1776
Bentuam Ilks, (1838-43) X.77 The rogue is pressing me so,
I must bedone. 1835 Marryat Fac. arth, xiii, One little
bit more, and then Iam done. 1876 H. B.Smiruin Life(1881)
404 After this is done Iam done. 1876 Ruskin ors. Clav.
VI. Ixvi. 192 Let us be done with the matter, 18.. Lit, World
(Boston) X. 400 ‘The mills of the gods are not yet’ done
grinding. 1883 Century Alag. XXV. 767/1 ‘Going. .at
twenty-four thousand dollars! Are you all done?’ He
scanned the crowd.
9. To put forth, exert, use (diligence, endeavour,
etc.) in effecting something. 70 do one’s best, cure,
devotr, diligence, endeavour, might, pai, etc. , see
these words.
a@1300 Cursor A 14480 (Cott.) Pai did pair pain pat he
and lazar war bath slain, ¢1330 Asswmp. Virg. (B.M. MS.)
7 Aungeles donn here my3t ‘Vo serue hure bope day & ny3t.
c1440 Generydes 68 They dede ther besy payne. — 1509
Hawes Past, Pleas. 1. xvil, ‘Vo reade their ies I did my
busy cure. 1523 Lp. Berners /’vorss. 1. clxxxii. 216 Shame
haue he that dothe nat his power to distroy all. 1611 Biste
2 Tim. iv. 9 Doe thy diligence to come shortly vnto me.
1724 De For Mem. Cavalier (1840) 76 They bade the Swedes
do their worst. 1843 /7aser's Mag. XXVIII. 328, I shall
do my utmost to serve her 1872 Brack Adv, Phaeton vi.
82 ‘The Lieutenant did his best to amuse her.
10. ‘To produce, make, bring into existence by
one’s action,
1s80 Futke (¢/¢/e), Stapleton and Martiall..confuted..
Done and directed to all those that love the truth and hate
superstitious vanities. 1583 HoLtysanp Campo di Fior
357 We have done five or six copies in the same paper. 1601
Cuester Loves Martyr, etc. 165 [169] Done by the best and
chiefest of our moderne writers. 1703 Moxon JWVech. Exerc.
239 ‘The Rough or Plain Work, is done with the Grey
Kentish Bricks. 1810 Sporting Alag. XXXVI. 73 This
method of doing (as it 1s called) a paper, is disgraceful.
1858 CartyLe Fredk. Gt. (1865) Lou. viii. 98 Otto 1V .. had
an actual habit of doing verse. 1860-1 FLo. NIGHTINGALE
Nursing 58 Vhe sun ts a painter. He does the photo-
graph, .
il. To operate upon or deal with (an object) in
any way. The most general word expressing tran-
sitive action; and so, familiarly substituted for any
verb the action of which is of a nature to be readily
inferred from the subject or object, or both com-
bined. In S/ang, employed euphemistically to
avoid the use of some verb plainly naming an
action. Among the great variety of uses, the
following are some of the chief:
a. To do work upon or at, repair, prepare,
clean, keep in order, etc.
¢ 1515 Cocke Lorell’s B, (Percy Soc.) 12 Some y? lodysshe-
stone dyd seke, some y® bote dyd. 1691 TI. H[ALE] Acc.
New Invent. p. xxi, If they had done the other nineteen
as that twentieth Ship was done [i.e. sheathed]. 1778 Miss
Burney Evelina xxi, I did my hair on purpose. 1848 J. H.
Newnan Loss & Gain (1876) 170 A gardener..whose wife
(what is called) did his lodgers. 1881 Grant WHITE Exg.
Without & Within xvi. 388 Do is made a word of all work
.-Women do their back hair, and do everything that they
arrange. ‘I have got these flowers to do’—meaning to
arrange in a vase. 1883 Leisure H. 84/1 The Chinaman who
usually ‘does’ my room, Mod. The man who does our
garden. ‘The paper-hanger who did this room, has done it
very well.
. To prepare or make ready as food ; to cook ;
to preserve, pickle, etc.
1660 Perys Diary 2 Mar., We had..a carp and some
other fishes, as well done as ever I eat any. 1796 Mrs.
Giasse Cookery xix. 304 Red currants are done the same
way. 31822 Lams £éia Ser. 1. Roast Pig, How equably he
twirleth round the string. Now he is just done. 1885
Manch. Exam. 16 Sept. 52 [She] will have an extra
bloater or a mutton chop done to a turn. AZod. (U. S.)
Advertisement, Young woman as dinner or order cook:
capable of doing pastry. ’
e. To work at or out, solve, translate, review,
depict, etc. :
1780 —— Let. to Mrs. Thrale 9 May, My Lives creep
I have done Addison, Prior..and almost Fenton, 1813
Macautay in Life & Lett. (1880) I. 41, ldo Xenophon every
day. 1855 ‘THackeray Newcomes iii, He has done [sketched]
me and y Re too. 1866 Reader 3 Nov. 914 The gentle-
man who ‘ does’ the French*books for the Athenzeum. 1883
R. Bucuanan Love me for ever Ur. iii. g2 There Amos often
sat and did his accounts. 1887 L. Carkot, Game of Logic
iv. 96 Not one syllable of lessons do they ever do after their
one o'clock dinner. Jfod. A class of boys a
-2
DO.
while another is doing Euclid. I cannot do this problem.
Show me how to do this sum.
d. To enact, act; to play the part of.
1509 Saks. Afuch Ado 11.1, 122 You could neuer doe him
so ill well, vnlesse you were the very man. 1660 Pepys
Diary 11 Oct., To the Cockpitt to see ‘The Moore of
Venice’, which was well done. 1709 StreLe 7atler No. 4
?4 A great Part of the Performance was done in Italian.
1770 Foote Lame Lover u. Wks. 1799 II. 80, 1 shall do
Andromache myself. 1830 Fraser's . 1. 131 He was
too poor to do comet; but he did , ed with some
brilliancy. 1857 HuGues Tom Brown. vii, East still doing
the cicerone. 1883 Century Mag. XXV.755/1 He did not
seem to do the host.
e. To finish up, exhaust, undo, ruin, ‘do for’.
¢1350 Will. Palerne 937 And but he wi3tly wite, y-wisse,
yam done. a 1400-50 Alexander 3713 How we haue done
ser Dary & drepid his kniztes. 1542 Upatt -rasm.
Afpoph. 364 A man euen with veray age almoste clene
dooen. 1666 Drypen Ann. Mirad. \xx, The Holland fleet,
who, tired and done, Stretch’d on their decks like weary oxen
lie. 1812 Examiner 9 Nov. 719/2 Oh, Charles, you have
done me. 1841 P. McFartane Sf. 25 Aug., If we shrink,
we are done. 1 Black & White 14 vee 623/2 It was
a decimal that did me in the Little-Go. 1893 Dunmore
Pamirs I. go It was a..trying march to-day for men and
horses, and both were pretty well done by the time we got in.
f. To hoax, cheat, swindle, overreach. slang.
1641 Best Farm. Bhs. (Surtees) 136 And I can doe, My
master too, When my master turnes his backe. 1768 GotpsM.
Good-n. Man u. i, If the man comes from the Cornish
borough, you must do him. x80 Sforting Mag. XVIII.
too To do any one, to cheat him. 1830 Disraect in
Edin, Daily Rev. 12 May (1885) 2/8 He did the Russian
Legation at écarté. 1887 Sims Mary Jane's Mem. 106 If
you are too suspicious of servants .. they take a pleasure in
‘doing’ you, to use a common saying.
g. To accomplish (a given distance) in travelling.
1824 I’. Moore Went. (1853) 1V. 179, [I] did the four miles
in less than twenty minutes. 1890 Vature 13 Mar. 435 The
105$ miles between Grantham and London are continuously
‘done’ in 117 minutes.
h. To go over as a tourist, visit, see. collog.
1830 Marrvat A7vng's Own xlii, Captain Hall. .has..done
North and South America. 1 J.T. Hewett Parsons
§ IV. xvi, We. .as he used tocall it, ‘d/d a bit of continent’
together. 1854 R. Dove Brown, Fones, and Robinson
They ‘do’ Cologne Cathedral. 1861 Court Life at Naples
II. 115 ‘Travellers, zealously bent on do‘ng the country and
all the sights.
i. ‘To serve out (a term of punishment). slang.
1865 Daily Tel. 1 Mar. 3/3, ‘I was doing time’..(A cant
term for serving a sentence in prison). 1889 Botprewoop
Robbery under Arms 1890) 316 Men that have ‘ done time’.
1892 Saintspury in Academy 30 Jan. 106/3; Tuer is a
criminal. .and..does his five years.
j. With adjectives (in its origin an ellipt. use of
d): as 0 do the amiable, civil, grand, lazy, polite
(person); but at length sometimes with ching
understood. cod/og.
1836-9 Dickens Sk. Boz, Steam Excursion 234/1 Fle used
to .. flatter the vanity of mammas, do the amiable to their
daughters. 1856 Wyte Metvitte A’ate Cov. iii, John
‘doing the polite ', and laughing as he. .introduced ‘ Captain
Lovell’ and ‘Miss Coventry’. 1864 Sata in Daily Tel.
24 Aug., Honestly doing the lazy, and luxuriating in the
--bounteous summer. 1873 Tristram Movaé xiii. 231 Doing
the civil most oppressively. 1875 R. H. R. Rambles in
/stria 195 One confesses, goes to mass, and does the proper.
k. In elliptical expressions, as /0 do the outside
edge, i.e. to practise skating on the outside edge.
1885 Graphic 3 Jan. 3/2 To polish up their skates, and to
dream. .of doing the outside edge almost before Candlemas
Is over,
1. In many other expressions, for which see the
specific words.
12. With noun of action as object, the two being
equivalent to a cognate verb of action, as fo do
writing =to write, to do repairs =to repair things.
So fo do Barrie, SLauGuTeER, etc. q. v.
exgrr ist Eng. Bk. Amer. (Arb.) Introd. 35/1 He comyth
.-euery yere in his chirche and doth a sermon. 1gag Lp.
Berners /roiss. IL. clxii. [clviii). 449 There the kynge
kneled downe and dyd his prayers, 1611 Suaks. Cyd.
ut. v. 38 The Cure whereof, my Lord, "Tis time must do.
¢1750 Cuarnam Lett, Nephew i. 1 Your translation .. is ..
done .. with much spirit, 1885 Law Reports 15 Q. Bench
liv, 316 To do trifling repairs to waggons. 1894 Dov.
S. Holmes 58, I was sitting doing a smoke.
13. To translate or render z#/o another language
or form of composition.
1660 Boyte New = Phys. Mech. Pref. 15 He has
already provided, that this piece shall shortly be done into
Latine. 1710 SterLe Zatler No. 230 P 2 ks .. not
translated, but .. Done out of French, Latin, or other
Language, and Made English. 1727 Pors, etc. Art ¢.
Sinking 121 A chapter or two of Burnet's theory .. well
circumstanced and done into verse. 1831 Macauay £ss.,
Boswell's Fohnson (1854) 189/1 When he wrote for publica-
tion, he did his sentences out of English into Johnsonese.
+14. In passive, rendering L. fieri, factum esse:
To be brought about, come to pass, happen. Ods.
1382 Wycuir Matt, xxvi. 1 It isdon, whenne Jhesus hadde
eendid alle these wordis, he seide to his disciplis. 1388 —
/sa. xxxvii. 1 It was don, whanne kyng Ezechie hadde herd,
he to-rent hise clothis, -
II. Intransitive senses,
15. To put forth action, exert activity of any kind
whatever; to act (in some specified way), Now
a leading sense of the verb.
@ 1000 Cxdmon's Gen. 2225 (Gr.) Do swa ic Se bidde. 1154
O. E, Chron. an. 1137 Naeure hethen men ne diden werse
pan hi diden. cx20g Lay, 1806 Als his men duden. a 1225
564
Ancr, R. 122 penc, dude he so? ¢1380 Wycuir Se?. Wks. 111,
514 Neiper be k ne his counsa‘ oe ngage f a
Aupetay Poems 9 To do as thou woldest me dud by the.
1465 Marc. Paston in Paston Lett. No. 500 II. 178 Send
me word how ye wyll that I doo there in. "1539 TAVERNER
Erasm. Prov. (1552) 51 When ye are at Rome, do as they
do at Rome. 1710 Steete 7atler No, 138 ® 1 It is almost
a standing Rule to do as others do, or be ridiculous.
Mrs. Ravcurre /talian vi, He had done imprudently to
elect her for the companion of his whole life. 1847 TeNny-
son Princess 1v. 506 You have done well and like a gentle-
man. 1896 F. Hatt in Nation (N. Y.) LXII. 223/3 An
example which others.. would do wisely to copy.
b. To proceed in an emergency or juncture; to
have recourse to some procedure or action; to
contrive, manage.
¢ 1300 Cursor M. 28707 (Cott. Galba) When slike wrake
on a syn was tane, how sall he do [that] has many ane.
Suaks. Rich. //, u. ii. 104 How shall we do for money for
these warres? a@1761 Ricuarpson (Ogilvie), How shall I
do to answer as they deserve your two last letters? Mod.
How do you do for fresh provisions ?
16. ‘To perform deeds; to exert oneself; to work.
(As opposed to doing nothing, talking, etc.)
1375 Barsour Brice ut. 585 For all war doand, knycht
i knawe. 1535 CoverDALe 1 Chron. xxiii. 16 Get
the vp, and be doynge. 162az Fietcner /s/. Princess u.
ii, Let's meet, and either do or die. 1724 Ramsay 7va-t.
Misc. (1733) I. 7 He could neither say nor do. 1793 Burns
Scots wha hae vi, Liberty's in every blow ! Let us do, or die.
1850 CartyLe Latter-d. Pamph. v. (1872) 157 All human
talent..isa talent todo. 1884 W. C. Smitn Adddrostan 58
You have but to say, and they will do.
b. euphem. Yo copulate. See Dorne vd7. sb. 1 b.
17. In perfect tenses: To make an end, to con-
clude. //ave done! make an end. To have done
with, to cease to have to do with; to desist or cease
from.
1303 R. Brunne //andl. Synne 31 Comyp alle home, and
Metet 4 doun. ¢1305 St. Aatherine 279 (1862) Do what
bu wolt and haue ido: and bring pi wille to ende. —_¢ 1400
Melayne 164 Hafe done! late semble the folke of thyne !
1530 PatsGr. 525/2 Nay, and you double ones, I have
done with you. 1538 Starkey England 1. iii. 77 [They]
ete them when they hauedowne. 1592 SuHaxs. Nom. & Ful.
ut. v. 205 Doas thou wilt, for I haue done with thee. 1596 —
Tam, Shr. mi. ii. 118 Ha done with words, To me she's
married, not vnto my cloathes. 1668 Perys Diary 17 Nov.,
To make clean the house above stairs ; the upholsterers hav-
ing done there. 1712 Hearne Codlect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) III.
404 After we had done in the Kitchin the woman carried us
to the East Part of the House. 1803 C. K. Suarre Corr.
(1888) I. 191, I wish the French would come, and have done.
8. To fare, get on (in some way). 70 do well:
to be prosperous in one’s doing or proceedings ;
to prosper, thrive, succeed. a. of persons.
a 1300 Cursor M. 13492 (Cott.) ‘We sal’, he said, ‘do nu
ful wele’, 1375 Barvour Bruce. 128 God..Graunt that
he thow passis to, & thow sa weill all tyme may do, That
3e 30w fra 30wr fayis defend ! ¢ 1489 Caxton Blanchardyn
xxxi. 116 Daryus demaunded of his fader how they of p*
cytye dyd. @1533 Lp. Berners Hon Ixv. 223, I pray you
shewe me how you haue done syn my departure. 1768
Sterne Sent. Fourn. (1778) 1. 14 (Passport) Let me go to
Paris..and I shall do very well. 1832 Hr. Martinrau
/lomes Abroad i. 2 The farmers were doing badly. 1879
TrotLore Thackeray 56 He had done well with himself, ani
had made and was making a large income. 1886 Steven.
son Dr. Fekyll i, The inhabitants were all doing well..and
all emulously hoping to do better still.
b. of things.
1525 Lp. Berners Fro/ss. II. i. 174 So they had done, if
the iourney had done amysse. 1§77 B. Gooce //eresbach’s
Husb, 1. (1586) 31 It dooth best in good grounde. 1600
Suaks. A. ¥. Z, un v. 111 Words do well When he that
speakes them pleases those that heare. — Mach. v.
viii. 3. 1823 J. Bavcock Dom. Amusem. 161 Some fruits do
best that are put away ina half ripe state. 1847 Frnd. R.
Agric. Soc. VIII. 1. 447 Flax does well after wheat, and
wheat does well after flax, J/od, I am glad your affairs are
doing well, : ef i
19. spec. With regard to health or condition: To
be (in health), find oneself, feel, fare (well or ill).
(Arising out of 18, and in early instances not easy to
separate from it. Cf. MDu. doen, in same use; also OF.
Comment le faites vous? Lat. Quid agis? ModGr. mas
mpagoes; how do you do ?]
1463 Marc. Paston in Paston Lett, No. 480 II. 142,
I wold ye shuld send me word powane ye doo. 1535 PALscr.
24/1, 1 do, I fare well or yvell touchynge my helt 156387
‘oxe A. & M. (1684) IIL. 253 God be thanked for you, How
do you? 1 Suaks. 2 Hen, JV, 11. ii. 70 How doth the
good Knight? may I aske how my Lady his Wife doth?
1597 Moruty /ntrod. Alus. 2 Pht. How haue you done
since I sawe you? Jfa. My health, since you sawe mee,
hath beene..badd. Sree 7atler No, 10 P 1 He
asked Will ,. how he did? 1709 Sreene & Appison 7bid,
No. 114 P 1 Child, How does your Father do? 1745 Cnes-
rerF. Left, I. ciii, 284 1799 SHERIDAN Pisarro |. (1883)
180 Nodding to booted beaux—t How do, how do?’ 1826
Disragui Viv, Grey tv. v, All. .asked him ‘ how the Marquess
did?’ 1854-6 Parmore Angel in Ho... . ix. (1879) 225
Learn of the language * How d’ye do?’ And go and brag
that they've been there. :
20. To ‘work’, ‘act’, operate, or turn out (in
some way); to do what is wanted; to succeed,
answer, or serve; to be fitting or appropriate ; to
suffice. 7hat will do (that’/l do): that is sufficient.
[The unfortunate conjecture of Latham (followed in sub-
sequent dictionaries) that do here represents OE. dugan,
Dow, and is thus a distinct verb, is entirely erroneous.
1596 Suaxs. 1 //en, /V, n. iv, 188, I neuer dealt better
since I was a man: all would not doe. 1618 Botton /VZorus
iv. ii. (1636) 262 As if she tride how it would do. 1750
Cnestexr. Lett. (1792) III. No. 226, 24 Adieu, my dear!
DO.
I find will do. Foore Lyar m1, Wks. 1799 1.
No, hs Ae Mandeville, it won't c 1805 Maw. foe
wortn Wks, (Reldg.) 1, 48 She had long since prophesied
che would not do for them. 1818 Crutse Digest (ed. 2) II
= a. ae tae af Wie Gaara
not do, Lowett Biglow P. Poet. 1 1
+ ia t Yankee .. not so 1 ents 4
will do. 1861 Neate Notes Dalmatia, etc. m
_ — if: a = Son 3 but it did. = Favewan
Ow » H. Jor Child, xi. § 2. Perhaps it would hard!
iaverishane Sond bia: ‘Mod. Than will do, thank-ven, A
TIT. Causal and auxiliary uses. * Causal.
+ 21. With ¢Aaz and subord. clause: To make it
c K. AEtrrep Gregory's Past. Care xxi. (1871) 207 Te
agin t du forgitst. c 1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. v. 45 Se pe ded
t sunne
c¢1175 Lamb,
sweuene cam, ¢1386 Cuaucer Aut.’s 7. 1547 Do that I
tomorwe haue victorie.
22. With 0/7. and znfin. (the obj. being logical
subject of the infin.) : To make or cause a person,
etc., to do something. +a. with simple infin. ;
e.g. ‘he did them come’. Zo do him die: to cause
or make him die, to put him to death. Oés. or arch.
c 825 Vesp. Psalter xxxviii. 12 Aswindan pu didest. .sewle
his. /did. ciii. 32 Se Zelocad in eordan & doed hie cwaecian.
¢1000 Ags, /'s. (Th.) ciii. 30 He. .ded hi for his egsan ealle
beofian, 1154 O. £. Chron, an. 1140, Pe biscop of Win-
cestre..dide heom cumen pider. c12g0 Gen. §& Ex. 3608
Min engel on Sal ic don bi-foren gon. ax300 Cursor
M, 3071 (Cott.) barn sco dide drinc o pat wel. ¢1386
Cuaucer Frankl. T. 609 In yow lith al to do me lyue or
deye. 1460 CarGrave Chron. 264 The Kyng.. ded his
ates arestin .. his uncil the Duke of G ir. 1590
. 1. vi. 7 Sometimes, to do him laugh,
'o laugh. 1621 AInswortu A nunot. on Ps. lix.
1886 Burton Arad. Nts.
I. 11 So he carried her to the place of execution and did
her die.) :
+b. with dative infin. Obs. or arch.
@ 1300 Cursor M. 11222 (Cott.) He. .did pe dumb asse to
speke. c1300 //arrow. Hell 124 Y shal .. do the to holde
ryht [=gryp]. ax Cuaucer Rom, Rose 1063 An
te ae have [they] don to dye. 1450 Merlin 29 The
kynge dide hem to swere. a1§47 SurREY ineid 11. 140 Oft
the lakeanax winds did them to stay. 1 H. Burres
Dyets drie Dinner P iijb, Who smoke selleth, with smoke
be don to dy. [1886 burton Arad, Nts. 1. 10 He shall
do you to die by the illest of deaths.]
ec. Zo do (one) to wit, know, or understand:
to cause (one) to know; to give (one) to under-
stand; to make known to; to inform. arch.
a1131 O. E. Chron. an. 1127 Se ilce Heanri dide king
to understandene pat he hzfde [etc.]. ¢1a0g Lay. 27150
And sone duden him to witen Whuder he wolde wenden.
Srenser /,
would assay
1 To kill him or to doe him die.
eb here...
1674 N. Fairrax Bulk § Selv. 22 We are done to wit, that
‘tis an infinite not infinite. 1828 Scorr F/. Af. Perth xxxi,
We..do thee, Sir Patrick Charteris..to know, that [etc.}.
+d. with passive infin. (with or without ‘Z0’) :
e.g. ‘to do him (to) be slain’. Ods.
axes Commer = 1 ay ange BSF yan ary ce tan.
. re le udest
ccuay be born, sete Caxton Gale, Lay. elie Thali
no wyse she shold shewe ne doo be knowen that she were
awoman. 1§30-1 Act 22 Hen. VI//, c. 12 Every of them
shall do the sayde seales to be made.
+ 23. With the logical subject of the inf. omitted ;
the infinitive —e (usually) ¢vams, with its own
object. E.g. Do bind him =make somebody bind
him, cause him to be bound, have him loon
( =Fr. faire lier, Ger. binden lassen). Obs.
crago Aentish Serm. in O. E. Misc. 26 Po dole heen
Vv. 1 in Jo
Merlii kynge dide do make this dragon..and lete
be torn Gore hym. 1463 Bury Wills (Camden) 26 He shal
ye
rl or do the pencyowns. 1541 Act 33 Hen.
ita fr Bolton stat. Irel, (1621) 209 gee d such person. .
shall doe make a engraved with the name of the
Castle.. which he
keepeth,
+b. with dative Ven Obs. /
a 1300 Cursor M. 1936 (Cott.) Noe did to rais an auter
suyth (Fair, gert to raisse, 7vin. let reise]. cxqg0 Merlin
27 Than [he) did to brynge ston and morter.
te. passive. To be caused re be done. Ods.
scer Rom, R nother thing was doon
is pr tale (thei) didle write another thing *.)
** As a substitute for other verbs,
24, Put as a substitute for a verb just used, to
avoid its repetition. a. Without construction, and
so intransitive (as in 15), whether the verb which it
represents is intr. or trans.
c 1000 Erric Man. Astron. (Wright) 2 [Seo sunne] scind
under pire on nihtlicre tide swa swa heo on dag
ded bufan urum heafdum. ¢1000 — ig. xvi, 30 He
miccle ma on his acwealde wer cucu
O. E. Chron. an. 1127 ee
drane dod on hive.
DO.
lauerdes .. god gremiad, swa saul pe king dude. ¢ 1340
Cursor M. 13950 (Fairf.), I haue him knawen & sal do
{77in. haue done] euer. 1411 Rolls of Parit. 111. 650/2
He ne hath noght born hym as he sholde haue doon. 1327
R. Tuorne in Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 252 If as the king of
Portingall doth, he would become a merchant. c 1682
. Cotuns Making Salt 141 We pay double the price we
formerly did. 1835 Ure Philos. Manuf. 306 If competition
advances ., as it done for several years. cag
Higher Eng. Gram. 176 He speaks as well as you do.
b. In some (esp. late) instances do, did, is to be |
explained as an elliptical use of the periphrastic
form: see 26.
160 Suaks. Temp. 11. i. 195 It sildome visits sorrow, when
it doth, it is a Comforter. 1816 J. Witson City of Plague
ut. iv, Spoke they not of a burial-place? They did. 1823
Byron Let. to Kinnaird 18 Jan., r will economise, and do.
Yr. Fraser's Mag. 1.749, 1 think I said that before. Yes,
id.
Bain
ce. With the construction of the verb which it
represents, and thus often ¢vavs. (as in 6).
cx175 Lamb. Hom. 65 Vre gultes .. bon us forzeuen Al
swa we dob alle men pet liuen. /éid. 93 Nu luje bu na
monnum, ac dudest gode. axzz00 Moral Ode 304 And {
warnie his frend .. swo ich habbe ido mine. a@ 1225 Axcr.
R. 54, 3et ne seid hit nout pzt heo biheold wepmen ; auh ded
wummen. cr Song Husbandm. 57 in Pol. Songs
(Camden) 152 He us honteth ase hound hare doth on hulle.
c1340 Cursor M, 5672 (Trin.) Woltou me sle..As pou didest
egipcian not 30re? ¢ 1394 P. Pl. Crede 357 Wou3 halwen
i chirches And delep in devynitie as dogges dob bones.
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 301 They did leade the
bounden as they do theues. 1626 L. OWEN Sec. Yesuit.
(1629) 18 These diseases doe alwaies accompanie the Iesu-
ites, as a dogge doeth a Butcher. 1766 Gotpsm. Vic. W.
i, I... chose nry wife, as she did her wedding-gown .. for
such qualities as would wear well. 1880 L. WALLacr Bex- |
Hur v1. iii. 144 Thank thou thy God..as I do my many gods.
d. The following serve to connect the substitute
use with senses 6 and 15.
(To do so = to act thus; fo do it = to perform this act.)
a 1000 Cxdmon's Gen, 2586 (Gr.) Waldend usser zemunde
weerfest ba Abraham arlice, swa he oft dyde. c1o0o Ags.
Gosp. Mark viii. 6 [He] sealde his leorning-cnihtum bat hi
toforan’ him asetton, hi swa dydon. c 1297 R. Giouc.
(1724) 377 Pat folc com... And robbede & destrude, as hii
were ywoned to done. ¢1380 Sir Ferumb. 932 Roland
prikede is stede .. so dude scot Gwylmer, So dude Geffray
and Aubrys. cx1g00 Maunpev. (Roxb.) iii, 10 Pai sell
benificez of haly kirk, and so duse men in ober places.
1533 Bettenven Livy, Tak away that odius name .. and,
gif you dois it plesandlie, thy cieteyanis sal, [etc.]. 1560
Brecon New Catech. Wks. 94 If a man maim his neighbour as
he hath done. 1615 Bepwett Moham. Imp. Aij b, If any
man shall. .say, as the consistorie..did by the Talmud, That
it were better that such foolish fables. .were..suppressed.
1678 Butier Hud. ut. iii. 244 For those that fly may fight
again, Which he can never do that’s slain. 1793 BEDDoES
Sea Scurvy 52 They may acquire this principle .. but we
have no direct experience of their doing so. 1818 Cruise
Digest (ed. 2) V. 561 Whoever wanted to surrender must..
do it in person, 1826 Disrartt Viv. Grey v.v, In passing
through the bazaar one morning, which he seldom did.
*** As a Periphrastic Auxiliary of the present
and past Indicative, and Imperative. (Formerly
sometimes of the Infinitive.)
(For a detailed treatment of this, see ‘ Das Umschreibende
De * der Neuenglischen Prosa’ by Hugo Dietze, Jena,
1895
As auxiliary of the Zndicative ( present and past).
Examples of this are found already in OE. (as in MDu.,
O. & MLG., mod.Ger. dialects). It is more frequent in ME.,
but became especially frequent after 1500, first as a simple
periphrastic form without perceptible difference of sense, in
which use it has in the s.w. dialects practically taken the
place of the simple form of the verb (e. g. / d% say for J say,
he dit zim for he seems), But in standard English it isnow
regularly used only where, for the sake of emphasis, or of
word position, it is advantageous to have the verb in two
words, so that the auxiliary may receive the stress or be
separated from the main verb, like the auxiliaries of the
perfect and future tenses, to which the periphrastic present
and past is exactly parallel in use. Thus Simple Afirma-
tive after certain conjunctive adverbs : ‘So quietly did he
come that..’ (like ‘So quietly has he come’). Amphatic .
* He did drink*, ‘and drink e did’ (like ‘I wild go’, ‘and
go I will’). Interregative: ‘Do you hear?’ (like ‘ Will
you hear?'). Negative: ‘ They do not speak’ (like ‘ They
will not speak,’ “They have not spoken ao
25. In Affirmative sentences.
a. Originally, simply periphrastic, and equiva-
lent to the simple tense. Found in OE., frequent
in ME., very frequent 1500-1700, dying out in
normal prose in 18th c.; but_still retained in s.w.
dialects; also as an archaism in liturgical and
legal use, and as a metrical resource in verse.
¢893 K. AEtrreD Oros. 1. x. § 5 Eftre dam hie dydon
egber ze cyninga ricu settan ze niwu ceastra timbredon.
1297 R. Giouc. on Bd Ps lond..ofte he dude bytraye.
c¢1420 Chron. Vilod, 315 In hurre lyff, as we don rede.
¢1489 Caxton Blanchardyn x\vii. 180 She ded call after «
= ryght pyteousli. 1526-34 Tinpate, Yohn i. 45 Of
whom Moses in the lawe and the prophetes dyd wryte.
1548-9 (Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer Collect 1st Sund. Lent,
0 » whiche for oure sake dyddeste faste fortye dayes
and fourtie nightes. 1557 Bury Wills (Camden) 148 He
do knowe the men that do owe me the sayd monie. 1615,
Bepwett Moham, Imp. 1. § 120, | do pity the case in
which I do see they are. ie, Hetil Fourn, Low C. Pref.,
* Which doth sufficiently evince they were not of that Original.
e1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 192 He did design a new
house. 1748 Cursterr. Left. (1792) II. clvi. 56 Good-breed-
ing, and good-nature, do incline us rather to help and raise
a up. 1787 Winter Syst. Hush. 54 The vernal heat
of the sun does also influence them. 1818 Cruise Digest
: 565
(ed. 2) IIT. 22 This being no more than the law doth appoint.
1838 Loncr. Reaper § F 7. vi, The flowers she most did love.
B. Also employed as an auxiliary to itself as independent
vb., or (formerly) in its substitute and causal uses.
@ 1400 Octouian gor The kyng hym louede. .So dede al do
that in Paris were. 14.. Hoccteve in Anglia V. 30 Thogh
thow no lenger do do by my reed. 1490 Caxton Eneydos
Prol. 2 My lorde abbot. vdea | do shewe to me late certayn
euydences. ¢1500 Melusine xix. 103 A grete toure § bigge,
whiche Julius Cesar dide doo make. 1667 Pepys Diavy 29
July, He and the Duke of York do do what they can to get
up an army. ;
b. Still used, instead of the simple tense form,
in those constructions in which the ordinary order
of pronoun and verb is inverted; the use of the
periphrastic form allowing the main verb to retain
its final position as in the perfect and future.
¢888 K. ELrrep Boeth. vi, Swa dop nu ba peostro pinre
zedrefednesse wipstandan minum leohtum larum. c 1250
Gen, & Ex, 1518 An time dede ysaac flen, 1551 Roginson
tr. More's Utop. (Arb.) 145 This lawe did kynge Utopus
make. 1579 Lyty uphues (Arb.) 45 Ah Euphues little
dost thou know [etc.]. 1588 Suaxs. L. LZ. L.1. 1. 249 There
did I see that low-spirited Swaine. 1598 Bacon £ss.,
Atheism (Arb.) 121 In vayne doth he striue. 1644 Mitton
Areop. (Arb.) 33 Thus did Dion .. counsell the Rhodians.
1692 Locke Educ. (1699) 205, I should not say this .. did
I think that [etc.]. 1749 Fiecpinc Yo Jones (‘Tauchn.)
I. 216 Such vengeance did he mutter forth. 1766 Gotpsm.
Vic. W. xiv, Nor did she seem to be much displease
1849 Dickens Dav. Coff.(Tauchn.) I. 90 Not a single word
did Peggotty speak. 1850 Hawrnorne Scarlet L. 194
Never did mortal suffer what this man has suffered. A/od.
How bitterly did I repent ! Well do I remember the scene.
ce. Now the normal Lymphatic form of the present
and past Indicative.
The stress is placed upon the auxiliary, as in the perfect
and future tenses. ‘Chere may be inversion of order as well.
1581 Perri: Guazzo’s Civ, Conv. 1, (1586) 27 b, But these
same.. doe manye times more offend .. than those who doe
commit them [1738 Guazzo’s Art. Conv. 52 ‘Than those who
actually commit them]. 1599 SHaks. Auch Ado U1. iii. 204.
i6or — Zwel. N. ut. i. 32 V.'Vhou art a merry fellow and
car’st for nothing. C. Not so, sir, I do care for something,
but .. Ido not care for you. 1683 Wycnertey Co. Wife v.
ii, 7. Art thou sure I don’t know her? /’. I am sure you
do know her. 1689 Suertock Death ii. § 1 (1731) 61 And
yet die they all did. 1773 Gotpsm. Svoofs to Cong. u, 1
do stir about a good deal, that’s certain. 1826 Disrae.t
Viv. Grey uu. v, The floodgates of his speech burst, and talk
he did. /éfd. 1v. iv, Why, Mr. Grey, 1 do declare you are
weeping. 1832 Tennyson Death Old Year iii, We did so
laugh and cry with you. 1838 Dickens Nich. Nick. ix, But
we dowant him. 1863 Bricut Sf. A szer. 26 Mar., But these
concessions failed, as I believe concessions to evil always do
fail. 1890 /ddustr, Lond. News Xmas No. 2/1, 1 do wish
you would let me sleep. J/od. Tell us what he did do.
+d. In ME, the main verb was sometimes put
in the same tense and person: cf. 30 a. B.
c 1208 Lay. 9385 Aras ber pe to-nome, swa dod a feole wise *
my areet
to-nome arised. 1387 Trevisa Higdex (Rolls) I. 155 Thales-
tris .. did wroot to kyng Alexandre in pis manere. ¢ 1460
Towneley Myst, (Surtees) 15 Whi brend thi tend so shyre,
Ther myne did bot smoked? 1483 Caxton G. de la Tour
Dviij, He dyd made to rayne fourty dayes.
26. In /nterrogative sentences.
The periphrastic form with do, did, is now the
normal form. Its use allows the pronoun to be
placed between the auxiliary and main verb, instead
of coming after the latter: e.g. ‘Did he recognize
her?’ instead of ‘ Recognized he her?’
In monosyllabic verbs, the simple form may still be used ;
it is always used in de and usually in Zave, though very
recently (esp. in U. S.) we find do you have? did you have?
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Monk's T. 442 Fader why do ye wepe?
¢ 1450 Cov. Alyst. 196 Dude 3e hym se? 1549 LatiIMER 37¢
Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 84 Did ye se any greate man?
1557 N.'T. (Genev.) Yoh xvi. 31 Now do you beleue ? [16r1
Do ye now believe?] 1610 SHaks. 7.1. ii. 250 Do’st
thou forget From what a torment I did free thee? 1738
Guazzo’s Art Conv. 76 Do’st think I never saw a Crane
before? 1773 GotpsM. Stoops to Cong. 11, What d’ ye call
it? 1852 Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. viii, ‘Why, Sam, what
do we mean?’ said Mrs. Shelby, breathless.
27. In Negative sentences.
The periphrasis with do, did, is now the normal
form with zo¢. Its use allows the negative to
come after the auxiliary, instead of following the
principal verb: e.g. ‘ We did not recognize him’
instead of ‘ We recognized him not’.
The introduction of the periphrastic do not, did not, was
d with the obsol se of the earlier usage which
placed the hg a particle first, ‘ we ne sungen’.
The simple form is still retained with dc, have (‘do’, ‘did
not have’, is colloquial and recent, chiefly in U.S.), and
is frequent with monosyllabic words as dare, need; with
other verbs it is always possible, and not being the ordinary
form has an impressive rhetorical effect.
¢1489 Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xxii. 472 It is to late to
repente me that I dyde not doo. ¢1489 — Blanchardyn
xli. 153 Whan ye dyde not knowe hym. 1564 GrinpAL
Rem. (1843) 22, I do not doubt but that God revealed ..
other parts. 1664 Evetyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 224 When it
does not actually freeze. 1719 De For Crusoe u1. iii, They
id not take their measures with them, as I did by my man
riday. 1776 Trial of Nundocolnar 73/2 If you do not
ive a plain answer. .you will be committed. 1889 J. Fiske
Var of Independence 139 The popular histories do not have
[=have Sat) much to say about these eighteen days. Mod.
We do not know.
28. In Negative Interrogative sentences.
Now the normal form, as in 26 and 27.
1581 Perris Guazzo's Civ. Conv. 1, (1586) 11 Doe you not
thinke that these men may be called wise? [1738 Guazzo’s
DO.
Art Conv. 19 Don't you think that these men may be called
Wise ?] 1638 Cuituinew. Relig. Prot. 1. iii. § 4 Doe not
they agree in those things? 1655 Stantey //ist. Philos.
ut, (1701) 124/1 Did he not aim at your hurt? 1796 H.
Hunter tr. St. Pierre's Stud, Nat. (1799) 1. 387 Do we not
see there..talents distracted? 1841 Lane Arad. Nes. I. 83
Dost thou not believe that I was in it?
29. In colloquial speech do not (senses 27, 28),
is usually contracted to don’t (ddunt), does not to
doesn’t (vulgar don’t from do not 3rd sing. : see
A2c.y¥), did not to didn’t. The dialectal forms
are numerous: Sc. dinna, disna, didna, north.Eng.
dunno, dunnot.
1672 WycuerLey Love in Wood u. i, Don’t you know me?
1687 ConcrevE Old Bach. 1. iv, Faith, I don’t know. 1706
Farquuar Recruit. Of. wv. iii, Don't the moon see all the
world? 1713 Appison Ca/o 11. ii, You don’t now thunder
in the capitol. 1713 R. Netson Life Bull 81 Why, said the
Preacher, Solomon don’t say so. 1731 Kedler’s Rules for
Thorow Bass in Holder Harmony 168 Play common Chords
on all Notes where the following Rules dont direct you
otherwise. 1762 Gent?. Mag. 38 It don’t regard the present
war. 1775 SHERIDAN Rivals v. ii, Didn't you stop? 1818-60
App. WHA Commpl. Bk. (1864) 216, ‘I don't think so’. .
is good English. But we should not say ‘he don’t think
so’, but he doesn’t think so.
30. As auxiliary of the Zzferative.
a. In the Imperative fosz/7ve, adding force to
entreaty, exhortation, or command (this usually
with the pronoun inserted as ‘do you goat once !”) ;
in’ early times, down to ¢ 1600, it was sometimes
merely periphrastic.
The main verb is in OE. found both in the Infinitive («)
and the Imperative (8); the Imperative is usual in early
ME.; in later use (y) the forms are indistinguishable, but it
is usually viewed as Infinitive, as in 25.
a, cx000 ys. /’s. (Uh.) cxviiifi]. 25 Do me efter binum
wordum wel gecwician [L. weifica me.)
B. cx000 Ags. Gosp. John viii. 11 Do ga, and ne synya
pu nzfre ma. c 1160 //atton G. ibid., D6 ga(L.vade). a x225
Fuliana 39 Do swide sei me. ax225 lucy. RK. 398 Gif pi
luue nis nout for to 3iuen, auh wult allegate bet me bugge
hire, do seie hu! @x300 Cursor AT. 4893 Dos folus bam
[#. do folow). /6¢@. 23159 Dos fles heben, yee maledight !
[£din, do fles, 77x. do fleep.] ¢ 1340 Gaw. 4 Gr. Ant. 1533
Dos techez me of your wytte.
y. ©1440 York Myst. xxxiii. 262 Do stiffeley steppe on
pis stalle. xg8z2 Bentixy Alon, Alatrones ut. 342 Doo
you let all men to vnderstand, that this is God. — 1g591
Spenser M. Hudberd 1331 Arise, and doo thy selfe redeeme
from shame. 1606 SHaks. 77 &§ C7. Vv. ii. 105, I, come:
O Ioue! doe, come! 1722 De For Col. Jack (1840) 31 Do
you go. 1749 Fietpinc Zo Fones (‘Vauchn.) II. 15 Do tell
me what I can have for supper.
Imperative.
16rr Suaks. Wint. 7. v. iii. 144 Giue me the lie, do.
SHERIDAN Duenna u. iv, Get in, do.
lii, Let me say a prayer. Do! 4
e. In do but —, do was perhaps not originally
auxiliary, but a main verb=xe do but, do nought
but —: cf. Bur conj. 6.
1604 Dekker /fonest Wh, ww. i. Wks. (1888) 107 Do but
think what sport it will be. 1638 Hrywoop IiZse Wow.
Hogsd. w. iv. Wks. (1888) 311 Do but wait here. 1768
Gotps. Good-n. Man vy, Do but hear me. 1832 CARLYLE
in Fraser's Mag. V. 260 Do but open your eyes.
d. In the Imperative negative, do not, colloq.
contracted don’t (do"nt), is now the normal form.
(Lhe simple forms, now archaic, may still be used im-
pressively, as de not, say not, think not, withhold not.)
1590 Suaks, AZids. N. 111. ii. 306 Good Hermia, do not be
so bitter with me. 1599 — Auch Ado. i. 87 O doe not
doe your cosin such a wrong. 1672 Wycnertey Love in
Wood 1. ii, Don’t speak so loud. 1687 Concreve Old Bach.
ul. viii, Don’t come always, like the devil, wrapped in flames.
1705 Vansurcu A/sstake 1.i, Hold, master, don’t kill him
yet. 1807 Anna Porter Hungar. Bro. vi. (1832) 66 Do not
you add to the idle race. 1840 Dickens Barn. Rudge 6
Don’t you speak, JZo?. Mr. Punch’s celebrated advice to
those about to marry—‘ Don’t’.
+31. As auxiliary of other parts of the verb, The
16th c, Scottish poets extended the periphrastic
use to the infinitive and pples,: thus, te do zucres =
to increase, done discus = distussed, doand proclame
=proclaiming. Traces of this occur elsewhere.
1508 Dunsar Lament for Makaris 49 He hes done
petuously devour The noble Chaucer, of makaris flouir.
a1g20 — Thistle § Rose 24 The lark hes done the mirry
day proclame.” 1513 DoucLas 4xeis x11. x. 103 Onto his
ceptre thou sall do succeid. 1556 Lauper 7vactate 23 No
geir sulde do the faltour bye. /éid¢. 340 As I afore haue
done discus. 1578 Scot. Poems 16th C, II. 189 And many
other false abusion The Paip hes done invent. 1597 Regul.
Manor Scawby Lincolnsh. (MS.), That the Carrgraues shall .
doe execute theire office truely.
IV. Special uses of certain parts of the verb.
+32. Do, the imperative, was used absolutely,
as a word of encouragement or incitement = Go
on! goit! (Cf. L. age; also 30b.) Ods.
c1440 York Myst. xxviii. 297 Do, do, laye youre handes
Belyue on pis lourdayne. 1590 Suaxs. AZids. N. 1. ii. 237,
I, doe, perseuer, counterfeit sad lookes. 1610 — Tem. iv.
239 Doe, doe ; we steale by lyne and leuell.
33. To do (formerly in north. dial. a¢ do: see
Ano), the dative infinitive, is used predicatively
after the verb /o de, also attributively after a sb.=
1775
1838 DickENs O. Twist
DO.
Proper or necessary to be done, hence, + the thing to
be done, necessary, needful (0ds.). [= MDu.7e doene,
MLG. éo dénde, to dén, needful.] What's to do?
What is the matter? + 70 have somewhat to do:
to have something the matter with one (oés.).
cago Beket 476 in S. Eng. Leg. 1. 120 ‘ We schullen do’
seint Thomas seide ‘al pat is to done.’ c1340 Cursor M.
1651 (Trin.) Wreche to take hit is to done [= It is necessary to
take vengeance]. c1420 Padllad. on f/usb.1. 11 What is to
rere or pa in everything. 1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. I.
ccxlii. 357 If it were to do agayn. a1§33— //1on cxxxix.
521, I can not beleue but that my wyfe hath sumwhat to
do. 1 Suaxs. Afeas. for M. 1. il. 114 What's to doe
heere, Thomas Tapster? let’s withdrawe. 1605 — Macd. v.
vii. 28 And little is to do. 1708-1774 The devil and all to do
[see Devit sé. 22 g).
b. Hence it has passed into a subst. phrase =
Apo, work, business, bustle, fuss.
1570-6 Lamparve Peramb. Kent (1826) 211 The husband
(with much to doe) consented to the condition. 1675 EvELYN
Mem. (1857) 11. 103 What a to-do is here! 1782 PriestLey
Corrupt. Chr. U1. 11. 141 There was much to do about..re-
admission. 1830 Gatt Laurie T. 1. v. (1849) 159 In the
midst of the bustle and to-do. 1882 Stevenson Stud. Men
4 Bks, 224 Many a to-do with blustering Captains.
ce. Zo have to do, to have something to do, to
have business, or concern. What has he to do?
What business has he ...? arch. and dial.
?axg00 Sir Penny in Ritson Anc. Songs & B. (1877) 116
If I have to don fer or ner And Peny be myn massangar.
1530 Patscr. 596/2 If I kembe my heed tyll to morowe
what have you to do? 1§70-6 Lamparpe Peramd, Kent
(1526) p. xii, All these Nations have had to doe within this
our Countrie. 1603 Hottanp Plutarch's Mor. 135 Neither
any man hath to doe, to forbid and warnethem, 1611 Bise
Ps. 1.16 What hast thou to doe, to declare my Statutes?
1748 RicHarpson Clarissa (1811) 1. 187 What has he to do
to controul you?
da. 70 have to do with (in ME.also fo do of, at
do with): to have dealings or business with; to
have connexion or intercourse (of any kind) with ;
to have relation to.
c117§ Lamb. Hom.77 Na mon..mid me flesliche nefde to
done. ¢ 1205 Lay. 19056 The king hire wende to, & hafde
him to done wid leofuest wimmone. a 1300 Cursor Al. 14974
(Cott.) Pe lauerd has Wit pam for todo, /did. 16487 (Gott.)
Han we noght par-of to do. c1460 Vowneley Myst.
(Surtees) 76, I had never with the to do, How shuld it [that
chyld] then be myne? 1555 Even Decades 34 He wolde
not haue to doo with suche myscheuous men, 1630 Waps-
worth Sf. Pilgr, viii. go, I neuer had any thing to doe with
the said Duke. 1711 Streeter Sect. No. 33 ? 1 Insolent
towards all who have to do with her. 1830 /raser's Mag. 1.
203 It has nothing to do with the purpose. 1875 JoweTT
? lato (ed. 2) V. 34 All law has to do with pleasure and pain.
34. Doing, the pres. pple., is used in the sense
‘in action, at work, actively engaged, busy’.
1375, 1535 [see 16]. 1838 Loncr. /’salm of Life ix, Let us
then be up and doing.
tb. 70 be doing with: to be engaged with, at
work with, engaged in active hostilities with. Ods.
1601 Howtann Pliny I, 106 As if he would now and then
be doing with the seas. 1608 Gotpinc Ep/t. Frossard u.
127 The truce. . being expired, the French King had a mer-
uailous desire to bee doing with the King of England. 1724
De For Mem. Cavalier (1840) 268 Our general would fain
have been doing with him again.
e. Zo be doing [in which an early passive use of
the present pple. (cf. northern doand, a 1300, and
mod.Sc.) seems to have blended with a-dozng, i.e.
the verbal sb. governed by the prep. a= on, in] is
used with a passive signification (=the passive of
senses 6-12), for which in more recent use the
passive form decng done is often substituted.
ay Cursor M. 26812 (Cott.) Pat pere er dedis doand
seu. pal pai agh sare wit resun reu. 1§26 TiNDALE Col. iv.
g All thynges which are adoynge here. ax H. Smitn
Wks. (1867) II, Sin, which is here expressed (while it is
a-doing) to be, not bitter, but sweet. 1666 Prerys Diary
22 Aug., My closett is pea upholsters. @171§ Burner
Own Time (1766) 1. 152 While these things were doing.
1749 Lavy M. W. Monracu Let. to C'tess Bute 7 May,
What is doing among my acquaintance at London, fod.
There is nothing doing.
35. Done, the pa. pple., is used esp. in the sense
‘accomplished, finished, brought to an end’: see
8. Hence a, in dating an official document.
1833 /raser's Mag. V¥I. 49 ‘Done at Battle, in the
County of Sussex’; signed as our ambassador at Paris
would sign a treaty of peace.
b. as the word for the acceptance of an offer,
esp. of a wager.
1596 Suaxs. /'am. Shr. v. ii. 74 A match; ‘tis done. 1610
— Temp. u. i. 32 Done: The wager? 1719 D’Urrey Pills
II. 54 Gad Dam-me cries Bully, ‘tis done. 1771 P. Parsons
Newmarket 11. 149 ‘Squib against Janus, ten — to
eight.’ ‘Done, sir, done.’ 1833 Fraser's Mag. VIII. 614
“Til lay you five guineas I have.’ ‘Done!’ 1844 Dickens
Mart. Chusz. xxvii, ‘Dine with me to-morrow’..‘I will’,
said Jonas. ‘Done!’ cried Montague.
V. With prepositions in specialized senses.
+36. Do after —. To act in obedience to or
compliance with : see AFTER prep. 12. Obs.
i [see Arrer Lage a 12). a1450 Ant. de la Tour (1868)
at Y tolde her.. but she wolde not do after me.
37. Do by —. To act towards or in respect of;
to deal with: see By prep. 26. (With indirect
passive.)
c117§ Lamb. Hom. 51 Penne do we bi ure sunne al swa
me dead bi pe deade, 1387 ‘Trevisa Higden (Rolls) V. 213
566
If a man .. dob wel by hym as bey he were his own childe.
1408 E. E.. Wills (1882) 15 That he do be me, as he wolde y
dede by hym. 1667 Perys Diary (1879) 1V. 317 My Lord
Arlington hath done .. like a gentleman by him. 1865
Kincstey Herew. ix, To do as he would be done by.
38. Do for —. (With indirect passive ; esp. in b.)
a. To act for or in behalf of; to manage or
provide for; to attend to. Now collog.
1523 Lp. Berners Froiss. I. ccccxiii. 723 God dyde for
them..to abate the pride of the flemynges. 1526 ‘TINDALE
Luke vi. 33 Yf ye do for them which a a you what thanke
are ye worthy of? 1658 T. Watt Charac. Enemies Ch.
(1659) 2 When God does for man, he expects that man should
do oe God, 1712 SreeLe Sect. No. 426 ? 3 Men who
would do immoderately for their own offspring. 1844
J.S. Hewterr Parsons § IW, xliii, The slip-shod maid who
did’ for the lodgers.
b. To ruin, damage, or injure fatally, destroy,
wear out entirely. col/og. :
1752 Fiecpinc Amelia vi. iv. (Farmer) He said he would
do for him .. and other wicked, bad words. 1803 NELSON
28 Dec. in Nicolas Désf. (1845) V. 334 The Kent is almost
done for, and she is going ta Malta. 1811 Jane Austen
Sense & Sens. xii. (Farmer) He has done for himself com;
pletely ! shut himself out for ever from all decent society.
1876 C. D. Warner Wint. Nile i. 18 The railway up the
Nile had practically ‘done for’ that historic stream.
39. Do to —, unto —. Toact or behave to; to
treat. (With zxdtrect passtve.)
14.. Tundale's Vis. 1704 Pore pylgrymis..Too whom of
hys charyte he dyd. 1549 Bk. Com. Prayer, Catechism,
‘Yo do to all men as I would they should do to me. 1748 G.
White Serm. (MS.) We should .. do as we have been done
unto.
40. Do with —.
a. To deal with, meddle with, have to do with.
(Cf. 33 d.)
a 1300 Cursor M. 26833 Cott.) Namli wit fals scrift doand.
1470-85 Matoxy Arthur ii. v, 1 maye not doo therwith
said the kynge. 1607 Tourneur Rev. Trag. 1. i. Wks.
1878 II. 5 And thou his Dutchesse that will doe with
Diuill. 470d. She has grown old and difficult to do with,
b. To get on with, put up with, manage with.
(With znxdirect passtve.)
1815 Jane Austen Lima (1866) 207 A mind lively and
at ease can do with seeing nothing. 1842 Penny Cyci.
XXII. 128/2 Persons in middle life can do with less sheep
than children or very old persons.
443/1 We..could well do with a little leaven of the Nisi
Prius leader. A/od. He does with very few books. _1 think
ten as many as can well be done with. I am busy, I cannot
do with you here.
41. Do without —. To do one’s business or get
on without; to dispense with. (With zzdir. pass.)
1713 Appison Cato u1. vi, Come ‘tis no matter, we shall do
without him. 1849 Ruskin Sev. Lamps vii. § 5. 189 But
there are some things which. .all the real talent and resolu-
stion in England, will never enable us to do without. 1884
W. C. Suir Ai/drostan 1. ii. 238, I daresay ..you did with-
out a frock, Until those debts were paid. Mod. Among
things that must be done without.
VI. With adverbs: forming the equivalents of
compound verbs in other languages: e.g. do about,
L. cercumddre; do off, L.gxucre. (Chiefly trans.
with passive.)
+42. Do about. To surround, enclose. ? Ods.
1657 R. Licon Barbadoes (1673) 89 A little platform. .done
about with a double rayle. ;
+43. Doabroad. Todiffuse, promulgate, publish.
c1ago Beket 1764 in S. Eng. Leg. 1. 157 To don be
sentence al a-brod.
44. Do away.
+a. trans. To put away, dismiss, remove. Ods.
¢120§ Lay. 3387 Do we awai pane twenti, a tene bec
inoh3e. a 1300 Cursor M. 3028 (Cott.) Yon bastard Do him
a-wal. c1400 Maunpev. (1839) xxii. 235 He byddethe hem
to don here hond a wey. 1486 Bk, St. Albans Cij b, Cast
it out and doo away the bonis. 1596 Srenser /. Q. vi. xi.
29 Doe feare away, and tell. z
b. To put an end to, abolish, destroy, undo.
c1230 Hali Meid. 11 Do pu hit eanes awei, ne schal tu
neauer nan oder..acoueren. @ 1340 HAMPOLE Psalter Prol.,
It dos away & distroys noy and angire of saule. c¢ 1440
Promp. Parv. 126/1 Doon a-wey..deleo, 1450-1530 eid
our Ladye 294 Thou that doest away the synnes of the
worlde. 1480 Caxton Descr. Brit. 8 Kynadius kyng of
scotland dyde away the i 1552 Hutorr, Do awaye
or vndo, abrogo. 1631 Gouce God's Arrows ii. § 25. 168
Sundry and i demaines of husband were in a
manner quite done away. 1794 Sourney Wat Tyler u. iii
Your grievances shall all be done away. 1804 ed. Fl
XII. 47 To do away every jealousy. Bes Prescorr Philip
//, I. 1. vii. 214 Necessary to do away this im) q
ec. intr. Do away with: a later substitute for
prec. (With zudirect passive.)
1789 Romitty in Bentham’s Wks. X. 225 Doing away
with. .the amenability to law. 1832 Fraser's Mag. V. 149
This does away with much of the disgustfulness. 1891
Law Times XC1.
away with the distinctions, Jfod. A practice which has since
been done away with. ;
+d. Do away ! (Imperative): see Do way, 53-
+45. Do down. To put down; to take down;
to lower; to subdue; to d . Obs.
cx R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 90 To wend with Sir
Dunkan, & do Dufnald doune. ¢ 1340 Cursor M. 19167
(Fairf.) Ever wib conquest do vs doun, 1382 Wyctir
Gen. xxxviii. 19 The abite doon doun that she toke, —
Mark xv. 36 we if Hely come for to do hym down.
¢ 1430 /'reemasonry 603 Furst thou most do down thy hode.
1587 Turserv. 7rag. 7’, (1837) 221 And do their wrathfull
weapons down.
1891 Law Times XC..-
204/2 The Act of Parliament which does _
| doon to. cxg20 Pallad. 11. 926
"xBox Shorting Mag. XVI
DO. :
+ 46. Doin. To put in. Ods.
@ 1300 Cursor M. 11411 (Cott.) Ik yere quen pair corns
war in-don [G. in done]. 1375 Arim, 40 Make
a luytel whucche Forte do in pat ilke
47. Do off.
a. To put off, take off, remove (what is on) ; to
Dorr. arch.
Beowulf 1346 ) He him of dyde isern-byrnan. ©1000
Sax. reat al ey, Do bonne of pa rinda. c1ago Gen. &
Ex, 2781 Moy:
A, oars (Krin.) OF dud she hir clopes. Me ge inn
To sketch off, hit off. rare.
1879 Suaine Burns viii. 195 In this..poem you have the
whole toiling life of a ploughman and his horse, done off in
two or three touches.
48: Doon. To put on; toDon. arch.
¢ 1000 Sax. Leechd. 11, 32 Haran geallan do wearmne on.
¢12z0§ Lay. 1701 Brutus Takes his beornes don on heora
burnan. a@ 1300 Cursor M. 20214 (Cott.) A new smock scho
did hir on [v.7.0n she dude]. c 1460 Urbanitatis 12 in Babees
Bk, (1268) 13 Holde of py cappe..Tylle pou be byden hit
on todo. 1535 CoverpaLe Song Sol. v. 3, I haue | ye off
my cote, how can I do it on agayne? 1582 N, T. (Rhem.)
Rom. xiii. 14 Doe ye on our esus Christ.
LAND Suefon. 185 He did the diademe on. 1828 Scotr
FM. Perth xxix, ‘1 did on my harness,’ said Simon.
49. Do ont. ;
+a. To put out, expel, extirpate, remove. Obs.
c12ago Gen. & Ex. 3012 Dis flezes flizt vt is don. c 1440
Gesta Rom. xi. 35 (Harl. MS.) His yen were don out.
b. To put out (a light), extinguish, Dov.
¢ 1440 Promp. Parv. 1262 Doon owte, or qwenchyn (li3th),
. extinguo, c14go St, Cuthbert (Surtees) 1856 Pe fire with
water oute todo. 1 R. H. tr. Lavaterus’ Ghostes (1596)
44 Having the candles done out. a 1652 Brome Novellas.
il. Wks. 1475 I. 111 Doe out the uselesse taper,
e. To clean out, sweep out.
1728 Vansr. & Cin. Prov. Hush. 1.i. 37 Are all the Rooms
done out? J/od. The woman who does out his office.
+d. 70 do out of: to put or take away out of.
a 1225 Juliana 30 Pohte pat he walde anan don hiré ut of
dahene. c 1250 Gen. §& Ex. 381 He ben don ut of paradis.
¢ 1400 Maunpev. (Roxb.) Pref. 2 To do it oute of straunge
men handes. Dives §& Paup. (W. de W.) Introd. ii. 22/1
I do the out of doubte. 1660 Bonp Scut. Keg. 39 They
have undone themselves by doing thee out of thy Kingdom.
e. Zo do (any one) out of : to deprive or dispossess
of; now esf. to deprive of by — practice or fraud.
1831 Diskareut Yung. Duke tv. vi, Who boasted of having
done his brothers out of their..£ 5000.
50. Do over. To overlay, overspread, cover, coat.
1611 CotGr., Ardiller..to dawbe, or do eouer, with clay.
1703 Moxon Mech, Exerc. 243 [It] is done over with Linseed
on z Braviey Fam. Dict. s.v. Tapestries, Rub out
the Chalk with which you have done it all over.
Morris Earthly Par. UI. 1.6 A mighty club with
of steel done o'er.
51. Do to;
+a. To put to, add, 485 Obs.
crooo Sax. Leechd. 11, 28 huniz to and baldsamum.
€1380 Wycur Sed. Wks. 111. 70 pis vers han Cristen men
Askes and shalkes do to.
+b. To put to, shut (a door, a book). Ods.
1562 Great Curse in Becon Relig. Rome (1563) 254 b, Do
to the boke. Quenche the candle, Ring the Bel
52. Do up.
+a. To put up; to raise; to open. ref. To get
up, arise. Ods,
¢ x20§ Lay. 1704 Vp heo duden heora castles 3aten, /did.
5714 Dod vp an waritreo on heo scullen winden. _¢ 1305,
5 bade, oe 160 in £. Z. P. (1862) 160 Hi doth ham
up, and forth hi fleeth. ¢ gd Cuaucer Miller's 7, 615 Vp
the wyndowe dide he hastily. ‘i
b. To repair, restore, put into proper order,
1666 Woon Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) Il. 79 To my taylor for
dying and doing up my puff suit. 1766 Gotvsm. Mic. WW.
x ‘The can do up 1 clothes. 1829 Cou. Hawker Diary
(1893) HI. 4 (1) found the gun..newly done up. 1884 Besant
Ch. Gibeon 1. x, But who is to do up your room every day?
ce. To put up, fasten up ia pare wrap up.
1806-7 J. Beresrorn Miseries Hum, Life (1826) xu. i,
Labouring in vain to do upa 1, with.. weak, bursting
per. Century Mag. XXIV. 842/2 The peasants are
indies dens at te ‘ur caps, A Aas
d. To disable, wear out, tire out. (Chiefly in
. pple.) collog. ~*
ee NELson ry in Nicolas Disf. (2845) V3
Kent being done up. 1812 Sforting May. XX
Horses riders were completely done up.
Porter Sir £. Seaward's Narr. 1. 119
languid, what I called ‘done up’, :
e. To ruin hme to ‘smash up’. collog.
1, 100 Done up. . Ruined eens
ing. 1833 /'ra. ‘ag. VIL, 113 They have re!
the West Indies] so totally, that they are done w) fds -4
Jar. EoGewortu Stories Jre/.i, There was 8 paste
doing up a debtor which none but a creditor { know,
+58. Do way (in Imperative). Obs.
a. ‘rans. To put away; to leave off, abandon,
have done with, con. Dee i
Cursor M.1 t.) yon wicked
Po ang 1 j any one Ii}. 2 Do way my wickednes.
@ 1540 wus et. ae oe 4, Arise a4 aomn &
wa’ x sluggardy. 1 , Poems ¥ . 1
Tdolarrie do way, ty way.
2 The
often
© were
DO.
b. adsol. or intr. To leave off, let alone, cease.
a 1300 Cursor M. 3667 (Cott.) ‘Do wai, leue son,’ rebecca
said, ‘ pat malison on me be laid.’ ¢1340 /é/d. 5976 Trin.) Do
wey pei seide hit is not so. ¢1475 Rauf Coiljear 436 ‘ Do
way’, said Schir Rolland, ‘me think thow art not wise.’
rsxq Barctay Cyt. § Uplondyshm, (Percy Soc.) p. xi, Do
way, Coridon, for Gods love let be.
+54. Do withal. in/r. To do to the contrary ; to
withstand ; to help it. (In negative and interrog.
sentences.) Ods.
14! Matory Arthur x. xxii, It was his owne desyre
..and therfore I myghte not doo with alle for I haue done
alle that I can and made them at accord. c¢15§70 Pride
§ Low/l., It was agreed The craftes man could not do there
withall. 1596 Munpay tr. Si/vayns Orator 269 But what
can a woman doe withall, if men doe love her? 1614
Cuapman May-day A iv, It is my infirmity, and I cannot doe
withall, to die for ’t.
Do (dz), sb.1 Also 6-7 doe, 7 doo. [f. Do v.]
+1. Commotion, stir, trouble, fuss, ADo; usually
in phr. a deal of do. Obs. (Common in 17th c.)
{Arising in part from erroneous resolution of ado into a do.]
[1g86 Ferne Blas. Gentrie 71 It maketh me laugh to
see what a doe this Herat maketh of nothing.] 1599 Mar-
ston Sco. Villanie 1. iv, Without much doe. 1601 DENT
Pathw. Heaven 358 What a marriage, what a meeting,
what a doe. 1631 Celestina 1. 9 Heer’s a deal of doo
indeede! 1666 Pepys Diary 31 Mar., To my accounts,
.. but Lord! what a deal of do I have to understand
any part of them. 1708 Morreux Radelais ww. Ixiv. (1797)
262 We find a.. Parasite making a heavy do, and sadly
railing.
2. The action of doing, or that which is done ;
deed, action, business. Chiefly in phr. ¢o do one’s
do, i.e. what one has to do, or what one can do.
(Common c 1650-80 ; now rare or arch.)
1631 J. Burces Answ. Rejsoined 475 Howbeit once, for
a full-doe, I desire. .to make it appeare [etc.]._ 1 Crom-
we t Let. 4 Sept., Surely it’s probable the Kirk has done
their doo. 1664 BuTLER Hud. 1. 111. 952 No sooner does he
peep into The World, but he has done his doe. 1669 Gace
Fansenisme 105 The will, and the doe. 1850 CarLyLe
Latter-d. Pamph. iv. 54 {He] can very well afford to let
innumerable ducal Costermongers..say all their say about
him, and do all their do. |
b. Something done in a set or formal manner ;
a performance. dza/ or vulgar.
1828 Craven Dialect, Do,..a fete, ‘a feaful grand do’.
183r Lincoln Herald 15 July 4/3 At the great Do, or
Doment, (as it was called in other days; and is now, in
some places,) in honor of the Whig Ministry. 1890 Placard,
(Winterton, Lincolnsh.) Barkworth’s ‘Do’..the most popu- |
lar of local entertainments: 1894 Hatt Caine Manxman
260 *’Lowed her out to see the do, it’s like’.
3. A clfeat, fraud, swindle, imposture. slang.
1835 Dickens Sk. Boz, Broker's Man (D.), I thought it
was a do to get me out of the house. 1837 — Pickw. xlviii,
*A disgraceful imposition’, observed the old lady. ‘Nothing
but a do’, remarked Martin. 1854 R. DoyLe Brown, Fones,
and Robinson 15 Expressing his opinion that the whole con-
cern is a ‘do’ and a ‘sell’,
{| See also DernING-Do.
Lo (dou), sb.2 Mus. [arbitrary.] The syllable
now commonly used in solmization instead of Ut,
to denote the first note (key-note) of the scale
(movable Do); or in some cases the note C, the
key-note of the ‘natural’ scale (fixed Do). (In
Tonic Solfa commonly spelt doh.)
1954 Dict. Aris & Sc. Il. 957 Do, in music, a note of the
italian scale, corresponding to #¢ of the common gamut.
1842 Baruam Jngol. Leg., Netley Abbey 32 Then, you
know, They'd a moveable Do, Not a fixed one as now.
1880 Grove Dict. Mus., Do, the syllable used in Italy and
England in solfaing instead of U¢.. said by Fétis to have
been the invention of G. B. Doni..who died 1669.
Do., abbreviation of Dirro.
1730-6 Battery (folio), Do, is frequently us'd by merchants
and tradesmen for Ditto.
Do, doa, obs. forms of Dor.
||Doab, duab (ddwib, diz-Ab). [Pers. and Urdii
wlye doab, lit. ‘two waters’; used in India of the
tongue of land between the Ganges and Jumna, and
of similar tracts in the Punjab, etc.] The ‘tongue’
or tract of land between two confluent rivers.
1803 WELLINGTON Disf. (1844) I. 605 (Stanf.) That you
should transport your company .. into the dooab between
(that river] and the Godavery. 1824 Heser Jrn/. (1828)
II. 4 An eligible method of travelling in the Dooab.
1835 Burnes Trav. Bokhara (ed, 2) 11. 79 Cotton .. is
chiefly produced in the ‘doab’, between the Sutlege and
Beas Rivers. 1854 R.G. Latnuam Native Races Russian
Emp. 177 The Doab, Entre Rios, or Mesopotamia, bounded
by the rivers Obi and Irtish, 1859 K. F. Burton Centr.
Afr, in Fral. me. Soc. XXX. 72 Khutu proper .. begins
with a Doab. Note. This useful word, which means the
land about the bifurcation of two streams, has no English
uivalent..{and] might be naturalized with advantage.
“Doable (dz ab'l), a. [f. Do v. + -ABLE.]
1. That can be done; practicable.
©1449 Pecock Refr. 1. vii. 37 A lawe.. which is doable
and not oonli knoweable. 1611 Cotcr., Faisable..doeable,
effectable. 1843 CartyLe Past § Pr. Proem iii. 23 A right
noble instinct of what is doable and what is not doable
never forsakes them. 1883 Stevenson Silverado Sq. 112.
2. Capable of being ‘done’ or victimized: see Doz.
11 f. ;
1852 R. S. Surtees Sfonge’s Sp. Tour x, Every man has
his weak or ‘do-able’ point. 4 petire 3
h, doach (ddx). Sv.
[Derivation un-
A salmon-weir.
known.
567
1794 Statist. Acc. Scot. XI. 10 The number of salmon..
caught in the doaghs or cruives..is almost incredible. 1895
Crockett Men of Messhags 203, I came down the west side
of the water of Ken, by the doachs. 4 "
+Doairre. Ols. [a. OF. doaire (11th c. in
Littré), dowatre dower.] District allotted, province
assigned, after the fashion of a dower.
1393 Gower Conf. III. 127 Tho Signes..most..worth In
governance of that doaire, Libra thei ben and Sagittaire.
Doak, Doal e, obs. forms of DokE, Dor.
Do-all (dil). [f. Do v. + Att.] One who
manages the whole business; a factotum.
1633 D. Rocers 7veat. Sacraments u. 7 It is conscience
which is the do-all in the soule. 1655 Futter Ch. Hist,
u. v. § 20 Dunstan was the Doe-all at Court, being
the Kings Treasurer, Chancellour, Counsellour, Confessour,
all things. r7or J. Eton Let, in Pepys’ Diary (1879)
VI. 233 The Cardinal is the do-all.
Doand, obs. f. dong, pr. pple. of Do v.
Doar, obs. form of Dor, Dorr.
Doat, -er, -ing, ctc.: see Dore, etc.
Dob (deb), v. [variant of Das.] =Daz v.! 3.
x8zx J. W. Masters Dick § Sad Ixxxii. in Kent, Dial,
So den I dobb’d him down the stuff. 1881 Cheg. Career
251 She deliberately lifted up her off hind-leg, and ‘ dobbed’
it down into the milk-pail.
Dob, obs. form of Dus v.
Dobash, variant of DuBasn.
Dobber (dy:ba1). U.S. Jocal.
float, cork,] The float of an angler’s fishing-line.
1809 W. Irvine Anickerd. 1. v. (1849) 113 He floated on
the waves. .like an angler’s dobber.
Dobbin (dg‘bin). [the proper name Doddin
(dim. of Dod, altered forms of olin, Rod, dim. of
Robert) asa pet name, Sense 2 may be a distinct
word ; there are other dialectal uses. ]
1. An ordinary draught or farm horse ; sometimes
contemptuously, an old horse, a jade.
1596 Suaks. Merch. V. 11, ii. 100 Thou hast got more haire
on thy chin, then Dobbin my philhorse has on his taile.
1862 Sata Accepted Addr. 229 ‘Vhe dappled dobbins wink
lazily. 1871 Miss Mutockx Fair France 5 Bits of shiny
brass .. jangling about their fore legs, in a fashion which
British Dobbin would never submit to.
b. attrtb., as dobbin-cart, an Irish four-wheeled
carriage used for travelling, and generally drawn
by two horses; dobbin-wheels, the large hind
wheels of a timber cart (Cheshire Gloss. 1884).
2. A small drinking-vessel.
1992 Gentl. Mag. LXII.1. 179 A... quantity of plate .. 10
silver ig TE cans, 14 silver dobbins. 1821 J. MarspEN
Sketches Early Life (ed. 3) 92 A little bread and cheese and
a dobbin, or about a gill of Welsh ale.
Dobby, dobbie (dpbi). [perh. a playful ap-
plication of the proper name Loddze, dim. of Dod,
altered forms of Aobdie, Rob; cf. DoBBIN.]
1. A silly old man, a dotard, a booby. dza/.
1691 Nicuotson Gloss. North. in Ray N.C. Words 140 A
Dobby, Studtus, Katuus ..senex decrepitus & delirans.
1787 in Grose Province. Gloss.
2. A household sprite or apparition supposed to
haunt certain premises or localities; a brownie.
dial, (In Sussex called Master Dodds.)
8x J. B. S. Morritt Let. to Scott 28 Dec. in Lockhart,
She. . became a ghost. .under the very poetic zom de guerre
of Mortham Dobby. 1822 W. Irvinc Braced. Hall xvi.
136 An ancient grange ..supposed..to be haunted by a
dobbie. 182;
within the inhabited domains of the Hall.
3. Weaving. Anattachment to a loom for weaving
small figures (i.e. from twelve to thirty-six threads)
similar in principle to the Jacquard attachment.
Hence dobby-loom, -machine.
1878 A. Bartow Weaving xxvi. 279 A small Jacquard
machine, or dobby, was introduced in the silk trade in
1830 by Mr. S. Dean, 1882, Standard 7 Sept. 2/3 The
‘dobbies’—a modification of the Jacquard—were also shown.
Dobchick(in, obs. forms of DaBcuick.
Dobee, -ie, var. ff. DHoBt, Indian washerman.
1816 ‘Quiz’ Grand Master viii. 230 Dobies, and burrawa's,
and coolies. @1847 Mrs. SHerwoop Lady of Manor Il.
xiii. 127 Linen as white and delicate as an Indian dobee
could make it.
| Do*bla. Os. exc. Hist. [Sp.: cf. doble dou-
ble.] An obsolete Spanish gold coin.
[1599 Mixsuev, Dodla, a peece of money called a double
containing 23 rials and a halfe, of English money ten shil-
lings ten pence halfepenie.] 1829 W. Irvinc Granada i.
(1850) 22 (tant) An annual tribute of twelve thousand
doblas or pistoles of gold. 1838 Prescotr Ferd. § Js.
II. 11. v. 343 A substantial donative of gold doblas.
Doble, Dobler, Doblet(te, obs. ff. DouBLE, etc.
Dobson (dp‘bsan). U.S. An angler’s name for
the larva of Corydalus cornutus,a North American
neuropterous insect allied to the May-fly, also of
other species of the family Szavide.
1889 in Century Dict.
Dobule (dgbivl). Zchthyol. [ad. mod.L. Do-
éula(Gesner).] A North American species of dace
(Leuctscus dobula).
{1753 Cuambers Cycl. Supp., Dobula.] 1864 in Wepster.
Doce, var. of Doss. Obs.
+Doceamu'r, Ods. [F. douce amour, sweet
love.] Sweetheart.
€1320 Sir Beues 161 He hire clepede doceamur,
[a. Du. dobder |
Scott Peveril x, The Dobby’s Walk was |
DOCIBLENESS.
Doced (in Phillips), var. of Doucet, Ods.
Docent (déusént), a. and sé. [ad. L. docént-em,
pr. pple. of docére to teach.]
A. adj. That teaches or instructs ; teaching.
1639 Laup Agst. Fisher § 33 (L.) The church here is taken
..as it is docent and regent. 1845 R. W. Hamitton Pop.
Educ. ix. (ed. 2) 231 Special reasons may be found against
the docent authority and right of any Established Church.
B. sd. In some American universities and col-
leges, a recognized teacher or lecturer not on the
salaried staff ; usually a post-graduate student who
is allowed to lecture in some special branch. [Cf.
Ger, privat-docent, private teacher, recognized by
a university.]
1880 Nation (N. Y.) XXX. 347 The young docents, whose
specialty is Semitic philology. 1890 Bos/on (Mass.) Frn/.
13 Sept. 4/1 Docent in Psychology at Clark University,
cester, 1 Register Chicago Univ., Docent in Spanish,
Docent in Chemistry, Docent in Biblical Literature, [etc.}.
Docer(e, obs. form of Dossrr.
| Docetze (dosit7), sb. pl. Lecl. Hist. [med.
L., a. Gr. Aoxnrat, f. 5oxé-exv to seem, appear. ]
An early sect of heretics, who held that Christ's
body was not human, but either a phantom, or of
real but celestial substance.
1818-21 J. Pye Situ Script. Test. Messiah (1829) IIT.
1v. 134 The doctrines of the Doceta. 1831-3 EF. Burton
Lect. Eccl. Hist. xii, The earliest Gnostics. .called Doceta,
believed the body of Jesus to have been .. either a mere
optical illusion, or..something ethereal and impalpable.
Docetic (dose'tik, -7tik),@. See also DoKerIc.
[f. prec. + -1¢.] Of or pertaining to the Docete.
1846 ‘TRENCH J/srac. xvii. (1862) 289 It is a docetic view
of the person of Christ, which conceives of his body as
permanently exempt from the law of gravity. 1855 Mitman
Lat. Chr. w. vii. note, An argument for Christ’s real
humanity against the Docetic sects.
Hence Doce‘tically adv..according to the Docetw.
1887 E. Jounson Antigua Mater 178 Christ actually and
not merely docetically risen in the flesh. MircHece
tr. Harnack's Hist. Dogma v. 270 note, He taught do-
cetically about Christ.
Docetism (dositiz’m). [f. as prec. + -IsM.]
The doctrine or views of the Docetw.
1855 Mirman Lat. Cho. 1v. vii, A kind of Docetism—
asserting the unreality of the body of the Saviour. 1879
Farrar St. Panud If. 517 note, ‘There may be a silent con-
demnation of incipient Docetism in av@pw7os (1 ‘Lim. ii. 5).
So Docetist (dosi‘tist), a follower of docetic
teaching. Docetistic (dgszti'stik), @. =Doceric.
Docetize (dos7*taiz), v. ¢rans., to represent doceti-
cally, regard as phantasmal.
1880 Encycl. Brit, XI. 736 These Docetists..had a whole
series of successors in the early church. 1886 Q. Aev. Oct.
129 Basilides docetized the humanity.
Dochmiac (dp‘kmi&k), a and sb. Gr. Pros.
[ad. Gr. 50x puands, f. 5dxyu0s pertaining to a doyu7
or hand’s-breath.]
A. adj. Of the nature of a dochmius ; composed
of dochmi?, i.e. of pentasyllabic feet of which the
typical form is p--uU-. B. 5d. A foot or verse
of this description. Hence Dochmicacal a., con-
nected with (in quot., learned in) dochmiac verse.
1775 Asu, Dochmaic a. and sb. 1821 Blackw. Mag. VU.
683 ‘The most dochmiacal Seidlerus’, That most facete
scholar being particularly sublime upon the dochmius. 1844
Beck & Feiton tr. AJunk's Metres 255 The dochmiac
systems are very frequent in the Greek dramatists. 1867
R. C. Jess Sophocles’ Electra (1870) 22/1 ‘The normal
dechmiac. /é7d. 25/1 A dochmiac verse.
Docht, obs. pa. t. of Dow v.
Dochter, obs. form of DaucHTER.
Dochtie, -ilie, obs. ff. Doucury, -ILy.
Docibi'lity. ? Ods. [f. next +-1ry; cf. late L.
docibilitas (Isidore), f. doczbil’s DociBLE.] Capacity
or aptness for being taught ; teachableness.
Coleridge differentiates docibility ‘aptness to be taught’
from docility ‘ willingness to be taught’.
1607 TorseLt Four-f, Beasts (1658) 162 This beast is .. of
.- wonderful meekness and docibility. @ a Boyte Wks.
VI. 446(R.) To persons of docibility, the real character may
be easily taught in a few days. 1825 CoLeripGE Aids
Reff. (1848) I. 148 Humility is the safest ground of docility,
and docility the surest promise of docibility. ae
Docible (dp‘sib’l), a. ¢ Obs. [ad. L. doctbil-is
teachable, f. docére to teach; see -BLE.]
1. Apt to be taught; teachable, docile; sub-
missive to teaching or training, tractable.
1549 Latimer 22d Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arbd.) 70 Lorde,
sayed he, Da mthi cor docile. He asked a docible herte.
1601 Hottanp P/iny I. 293 Linnets..be very,docible. 1644
Mitton Educ. Wks. (1847) 99/2 Their tenderest and most
docible age. 1783 Hates Antig. Chr. Ch. iv. 147 A young
and docible philosopher.
+b. Const. of, Zo, 72. Obs.
1617 Br. Hatt Quo Vadis iii, This age. .is therfore more
docible of euill. 1632 J. Haywarn tr. Biondi’s Eromena 188
‘The Prince, docible in such like disciplines. 1768-74 TuckER
Lt, Nat. (1852) II, 532 Persons. .most docible to instruction.
2. Capable of being sopertes by teaching.
1659 StanLey /Yist, Philos, 111. 11. 82 Corporealls are not
docible nor admit certain knowledge. a1670 Hacker Ad.
Williams 1. (1692) 28 Learning anything that is docible.
Do'cibleness. ? 0és. [f. prec. +-NEss.] The
quality of being docible or teachable; docibility.
1638 Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. (1654) 111. 122, I have at least
dociblenesse enough to learne of them that which I know not.
DOCILE.
H. More Antid. Ath. u. viii. (1662) 64 The horse’s
.. Speed. .his docibleness and desire of glory and praise.
Docile (déusail, dgsil), a. [a. F. doctle (16th
c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. doctlis easily taught, f.
docére to teach.]
1. Apt to be taught ; ready and willing to receive
instruction ; teachable.
1483 Caxton Gold. Leg. 71 b/2 Gyue to me thy seruaunt a
herte docyle. 1 as. I Ess. Poesie (Arb.) 54 The cause
why (docile Reader) I haue not dedicat this spout treatise,
[etc ]. 1616 B. Jonson tr. Horace Art Poetrie Wks. (Rtldg.)
35/2 The docile mind may soone thy precepts know. 1629
ONNE Seri. Matt, vi. 21 A parrot, or a stare, docile birds,
and of pregnant imitation, 1751 Jounson Ramdbler No. 147
P 3 Flattering comparisons of my own proficiency with that
of others .. less docile by nature. 1845 S. Austin Ranke's
Hist, Ref. 11. 495 His docile and intelligent pupil.
b. Submissive to training; tractable, manage-
able.
1774 Gotnsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) III. 21 The bison breed
is also more expert and docile than ours. 1835 Ure Philos.
Manuf. 150 This .. work..is now discharged by young
children. .substituting cheap and docile labour for what is
dear, and sometimes refractory. 1891 E. Peacock NV. Bren-
don II. 78 The docile wife would obey without a murmur.
e. Const. fo, or inf. rare.
1647 R. Starytton Yuvenal xiv. 255 To fall Into foule
vices we are docill all. 1718 Prior Solomon 111. 478 Soon
docile to the secret acts of ill With smiles I would betray.
1862 CaryLe /redk. Gt. (1865) ILI. 1x. i. 69, 1 am docile
to follow your advice.
2. transf. of things: Yielding readily to treat-
ment; easily managed or dealt with; tractable.
1795 tr. Rapin's Gardens 278 Docil Cypresses, dispos'd
with ease, Take whatever handsome form you please. 1881
P. Brooxs Candle of Lord 1 The docile wax acknowledges
that the subtle flame is its master. 1884 L. Hamitton
Mexican Handbk. 95 The ores are docile and contain ruby-
silver and sub-sulphides.
Hence Docilely adv.
1868 Lockyer Guillemin’s Heavens (ed. 3) 40 The Sun..
now tells his own story .. so docilely. 1876 T. Harpy
Ethelberta (1890) 42 ‘Thank you’, said Picotee, docilely.
Docility (dosiliti). [ad. F. doci/ité (15th c. in
Hatz.-Darm.), ad. L. doci/itat-em, f.doctl’s DOciLE.}
Docile quality. a. Aptness to be taught ; readiness
to receive instruction ; teachableness.
1560-78 Bk. Discipl. Ch. Scot. (1621) 41 Tryall being |
taken whether the spirit of docility be in them [children
of the poore] found, or not. a 1619 Fotnersy Afheom. 1.
| hension; ‘
xiv. § 5 (1622) 360 Nature may giue the gift of docility to |
vs: but God giueth the gift of docility to it. 1748 HartLey |
Observ. Man x. iv. 379. 1780 Jounson Rambler No. 70 1
He that has neither acuteness nor docility..is a wretch
without use or value. 1849 Macautay //ist. Eng. I. ii. 173
‘Tact and docility made no part of the character of Claren-
don. To him England was still the England of his youth.
b. Amenability to training or treatment; sub-
missiveness to management; tractability, obedience.
1603 Hottanp P/utarch’s Mor, 787 (R.) ‘That which the
elephant learneth .. whose docility is exhibited unto us in
the theaters. 1796 Morse Amer. Geog. Il. 525 The docility
of these birds in employing their..powers, at the command
of the fishermen, 1814 Sourney Roderick xxv, Roderick's
own battle-horse..from his master’s hand had wont to feed,
And with a glad cag? obey His voice familiar. 1885
R. Bucwanan Annan Water xxx, Marjorie bore her lot
with exemplary docility and characteristic gentleness.
+ Dorcilize, v. Ods.—° [f. DoctLe + -1ZE.]
trans. ‘To make docible, teachable, tractable’
(Blount Glossogr. 1656).
Docimastic (dpsimzstik), a. [ad. Gr. dom-
paorixés pertaining to examination or scrutiny f.
Soxipatew to essay, examine, scrutinize: cf. mod.
L. doctmasticus (in ars docimastica), F. docimas-
tique.| Of or pertaining to docimasy ; proving by
experimental tests; sfec. of or pertaining to the
assay of metals.
1758 A. Reip tr. Macguer’s Chem. 1. 177 The Docimastic
art .. in making small Assays of ores. 1776 Aid. Trans.
LXVI. 266 Platina mixed with lead was put .. in a doci-
mastic furnace. 1802 Cuenevix 7é/a@. XCIIL. 327 A revolu-
tion in docimastic chemistry. 1878 tr. Lacroix’s Sc. & Lit.
Mid. Ages 127 The chemical part. .the docimastic part.
Docimasstical, a. rare—°. [f. as prec. +-AL.]
= prec.
1753 Cuampers Cycl. Supp. s.v., Docimastical experi-
ments, see ply p r
y (dg'simasi). [mod. ad. Gr. doxipacia
examination, scrutiny, n. of action f. 5ompdfev to
examine: cf. mod.L, docimasia, ¥. docimasie.}
lL. Gr. Antig. A judicial inquiry (esp. at Athens)
into the character and antecedents of aspirants for
public office or citizenship.
2. The art or practice of assaying metallic ores,
i.e. of separating the metallic substance from foreign
admixture, and determining the nature and quantity
of constituent metal. “
(1801 Cuenevix in PAI. Trans. XCI. 197 note, Carbone
can be of no consequence ..in humid y etic 1802
Paris as it was I. \xix. 381 To naturalize in France
mineralogy, docimacy, and metallurgy. 1878 tr. Lacroix's
Se. & Lit. Mid. Ages 178 The applications of chemistry to
-. docimacy.
3. The art of ascertaining the properties and
purity of drugs; also of determining by physiolo-
gical tests whether a child has been born alive
or not. 1847 in Craic.
568
Docimology (desimelidgi). [f. Gr. depos
examined, tested + -LoGY.] treatise on the art
of assaying metallic substances, or on certain ques-
tions in obstetrics ; see prec.
1847 in Craic. ;
Docious (ddu-fas), a. U.S. local. [Related to
next.] Docile, amenable to order.
a1860 N.Y. Spirit of Times, Western Life (Bartlett),
I was so mad .. I can hardly keep my tongue docious now
to talk about it.
Docity (dg'siti). dia/. Also 7 dossety, 9 dos-
sity. [Origin doubtful: supposed to be an altera-
tion of docélity.] Docility; quickness of compre-
mption’.
1682 Mrs. Benn False Count 1 i, With good instructions
I shall improve; I thank Heaven, I have Dossety, or so.
1687 — Lucky Chance u. i, Were you a rascal of Docity
you wou'd invent a way. 1746[see Dacity]. 1786 WesLeY
Wks. (1872) XII. 155, 1 cannot help it, if people have no
docity. 1787 Grose Provinc. Gloss., Docity, docility,
quick comprehension. G/ouc. 1825 Mrs. E. Hew err
Cottage Comforts vi. 40 Vf she has but. .docity or gamption,
that is, if she has got the use of her wits and the use of her
hands. 1838 Hatisurton Clockw. 1. 243 She's all docity
jist now, keep herso. 1886S. W’. Linc. Gloss, s.v., She seems
to have no mind, no dossity whatever.
Dock (dpk), sb.1 Forms: 1 docce, 4-5 dokke,
dok, 4- dock. [OE. docce, pl. and inflected sing.
doccan ; app. Common WGer. or OTeut.: cf. MDu.
docke, in comb. docke-blaederen ‘petasites’, Ger.
docken-blitter the common dock, ODa. ddokke =
OE. éadocce water-dock; also OF. dogue, doke,
docgue, mod.Norm. dogue, the Patience dock or
Monk’s rhubarb. So Gael. dogha burdock.]
1. The common name of various species of the
genus Rumex (N.O. Polygonacew), coarse weedy
herbs with thickened rootstock, sheathing stipules,
and panicled racemes of inconspicuous greenish
flowers. a. Without qualifying word usually the
common dock (2. obtustfolius), well known as the
popular antidote for nettle-stings.
c1000 Sax. Leechd. 11. 218 Sume betan oppe doccan on
zeswettum wine seopad. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R.
XVII. xciii. (1495) 661 Al manere Dockys heele smytynge of
Scorpions. 14.. Lat. & Eng. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 602/1
Perdilla,a dokke. 1562 Turner Herbal .121a, We have the
great kinde of Dock, which the vnlearned toke for Rebarbe.
1599 Suaks. //en. V, vy. ii. 52 Hatefull Docks, rough
‘Thistles, Keksyes, Burres. 1611 Sprep //ist. Gt. Brit. 1x.
xvii. (1632) 876 Yet found no docke to rub out the smart.
1728 Swirt Pastoral Dial. Wks. 1755 111.11. 203 Cut down
the dock, ‘twill sprout again. 1879 Hessa Stretton
Through Needle’s Eye 1. 60 The grounds and gardens..
were overgrown with nettles and docks.
b. With descriptive epithet: Fiddle Dock,
from the shape of the leaves, 2. pulcher;
Golden Dock, &. maritimus; Patience or
Passions Dock, A’. Patientia; also locally ap-
plied to Polygonum Bistorta; Red Dock, X.
sanguineus; Sharp or Sour Dock, X#. acetosa,
sorrel; Swamp Dock, A. verticillatus; Water
Dock, Rk. Hydrolapathum; White Dock, 2.
salicifolius; Yellow Dock, R. crispus. Many
species were already distinguished in OE.
c1000 Sax. Leechd. 1. 132 Herb. xxxiv, Wudu docce
(MS. Harl. 5294 Sur docce).. Pas “ial man lapatium &
odrum naman wudu docce nemned. /é/d. IT. 122 Pa fealwan
docean nzrpa readan, did. IIL. 304 Durh. Gloss., Ovila-
pathum, scearpe docce. c1400 Test, Love ut. ix. (1532) 360
The frute of the soure docke. 1483 Cath. Angi. 103/1 A redi
Dok, lappacium. 1548 Turner Names of Herbes 69 In
english Waterdocke or sharpdocke. 1578 Lyte Dodoens v.
ix. 558 The sharpepoynted Docke or Patience, groweth in
wette moyst medowes. 1597 Gerarve /erdad 1. Lxxxi.
387 Soure Docke called Sorrel. 1601 Hottann Pliny xix.
vi. (R.), The root of the hearb patience or garden docke. .is
knowne to run downe in the ground three cubits deepe.
2. Also in the popular names of other coarse
plants of similar habit, as Dove Dock, coltsfoot
(Tusstlago Farfara); Round Dock, common
mallow (Malva sylvestris) ; Spatter Dock, yellow
eat (Nuphar advena); Velvet Dock, mul-
ein (Verbascum Thapsus). Also Burnocx, Can-
pnock, ELF-pock, etc.
c1000 AELrric Gloss. in Wr.-Wiilcker 136 Nimphea,
eadocca. 1712 tr, Pomet's Hist. Drugs 1. 27 great,
common round Dock, which many People cultivate.
3. phr. Zn dock, out nettle: orig. a charm uttered
to aid the cure of nettle-stings by dock-leaves ;
+ hence, in allusion to the full phrase used, a pro-°
verbial expression for changeableness and incon-
stancy (ods.).
The charm to be repeated during the rubbing process is
‘Nettle in, dock out, Dock in, nettle out, Nettle in, dock
out, Dock rub nettle out’ (4. & Q. Ser. 1. ILL. 133).
€1374 Cuaucer 7roylus wv. 433 (462) But kanstow pleyen
raket to and fro, Netle In, dokke out, now this now bat,
Pandare? ar Upat Royster D. 1. iii. (Arb.) 34, Tecan
not skill of such chaungeable mettle, There is nothing with
them but in docke ‘out nettle, 1623 Mippteron A/ore
Dissemblers w. i. 233 1s this my in dock, out nettle? a 1626
Br. ANprewes Ser. 391 (N.) Off and on, fast or loose, in
docke, out nettle, and in nettle, out docke. 2715 tr. C’fess
D' Aunoy's Wks. 430 They had been in out Nettle
above forty and forty Times.
4. atirib. and Comd., as dock-leaf, -root; also
DOCK.
dock-bur, the flower-head of the burdock ; dock-
cress, nipplewort (Lapsana communis); dock-
fork, -iron, a tool for digging out the roots of
docks; dock-nettle, the lesser stinging nettle
(Urtica urens); dock-sorrel, the sour dock,
(Rumex acetosa); Adock-worm, a grub found on
docks, used as a bait by anglers.
Suerwoop, The *dock-burre or burre-docke, Bardage.
1 Suetvocxe Voy. round World 55 The se
nearly resembles a k-burr. 1597 GERARDE Herbal n.
xvi. Pied 255 *Docke Creeses is a wilde wort or pot herbe.
1850 Beck's Florist Feb. 39 Eradicating this weed with a
— pro aS be ee 1846 J. Lope de oe
vract. Agric. a root must complete!
taken p= the coon. 1613-16 W. Browne Bei
Past. u1, ii, (R.), He suckt it with his mouth..and softly
n it binde With *dock-leaves. c 1265 Voc. Plants in Wr.-
iilcker 557/39 Dormentille, 7. ortie griesche, 7. *docnettle.
1886 Mary {omen Haven under Hill in Good Words
301 The *dock-sorrel stood with its maroon spires in the air.
1653 Watton Angler iv. 95 The Flagworm, the *Dock-
worm, the Oakworm, :
Dock (dek), s4.2, Forms: 4 dok, 6-7 docke,
6- dock. [Identical with mod.Icel. dockr short
stumpy tail (Haldorssen). Ulterior etymology
obscure. Cf. Fris. dok bundle, bunch, ball (of
twine, straw, etc.), LG. dokke bundle (of straw,
thread), skein of yarn, mod.G. docke bundle, skein,
plug, peg.) rapes
1. The solid fleshy part of an animal's tail.
cr Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 19 tayl.. bounden bothe
wyth a bande of a bry3t grene, Dubbed wyth ful dere stonez,
as pe dok lasted. 1601 Hottanp Pliny I. 352 Asses haue
the said docke or rumpe longer than horses. 1646 Six T.
Brownr Psend. Ep. i. xvii. 150 We conjecture t of
Horses from joynts in their dockes, 1856 Farmer's Mag.
Jan. 59 Hips wide, and rumps and docks good.
2. a. A piece of leather harness covering the
clipped tail of a horse. b. The crupper of a saddle
or harness ; see also quot. 1874.
¢ 1340 [see prec.]. 1617 Marknam Cavad. y. 31 You shall
buckle on his breastplate and his crooper..then you shall
lace on his saker or docke. 1753 Cuampers Cycl. Supp.,
Dock, in the manege, is used for a large case of leather..
which serves it [the tail] for a cover. ‘The French call the
Dock, troussegueue. 7. Grose Provinc. Gloss., Dock, a
crup to a saddle. Devon. 1874 Knicut Dict, Mech.,
Dock .. the divided piece forming part of the crupper,
through which the horse’s tail is inserted. 1888 1”. Somerset
Word-bk., Dock, the crupper of either saddle or harness.
+ 3. ¢ransf. of human beings: The rump, but-
tocks. Obs. Bs
1508 Kennepy Fly/ing w. Dunbar 484 A rottyn crok,
louse of the dok. 1684 Frost of 1683-4, 22 One’ fly
up, and down he’s on his dock. :
+b. The skirts or ‘tails’ of clothes. Ods.
1522 World & Child in Hazl. Dodsley 1. 247, 1 will not
go to school. . For there beginneth a sorry feast, When the
master should lift my dock. 1557 TusseR 100 Points Husb.
xxvii, The drier, the les maidens dablith their dockes.
+4. The fleshy part of a boar's chine between the
middle and the buttock. Ods.
oe in Puitiirs. Thence in later Dicts.
+5. The poop or stern of a ship. Ods. rare.
¢1565 Linpesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (1728) 108 She
bare many canons..two behind in her dock, 1570 Levins
Manip. 158/13 Dock of a ship, puppis.
6. A cut end of anything, e.g. of hair, (?)of a
tree-trunk (Tusser) ; a stump; an end cut off. Now
dial.
1573 Twyne A2neid x. Dd iijb, His heare down shadow-
ing shed, but gold embroyding bynds their docks. 1573
Tusser Husd, xvii. (1878) 37 For in winter, to
burne vp their docks. 1 ounson, Dock, the stump of
the tail, which remains after docking. 1892 Barinc-Goutp
Strange Survivals vy. 112(To] nt. .the red-hot dock [of
a wick] from spluttering on to the carpet.
+7. [f. Dock v.1] The act of cutting off ; ampu-
tation. | Obs. aaeudia wis bi hte
i 3 tat!
dock’of one member forces the bloud. xyap-sx CHAMBERS
Cycl., Dock, Docking, in law, & means or expedient for
cutting off an estate tail.
Dock (dk), 53.3 Forms: 6 dok, 6-7 docke,
6- dock. [Found early in 16th c., also in 16th e
Du. docke, mod.Du. dok. From Du. and Eng. it
has passed into other lange Da. docke, Sw. docka,
mod.Ger. dock, docke, mod.F. dock, in 1679 dogue.
Ulterior origin uncertain.
It has been variously compared with rare Icel. dokk, dokd
pit, pool, Norw. woke hollow, low ground, med. L. —
ditch, canal (Du Cange), Gr. 80x% receptacle. See Skeat,
Miiller ; also Grimm, and Diez s. v. ] ' he
+1. The bed (in the sand or ooze) in which a ship
lies dry at low water ; the hollow made by a vessel
lying in the wat Obs. om Pi are
nseSite dake xgby Sranvutunsr nets . (Arb) 35 Graunt
foorth thy warrant in docks oure nauye too settle [L. diceat
saiacere ee Tec caus ye oar
ay € w
into che one out of the tides way, Shae ual may docke her
selfe. 1633 T. James Vay. 80 Shee ata
fleet in her docke, though she were still
almost foure foot. y
+2. (Apparently) A creek or
ships may lie on the ooze or ride at
according to the tide, Ods,
DOCK. -
1538 Letanp /tix. 1.53 Robyn Huddes Bay, a Dok or |
Bosom of a Mile yn lenghth. 1579-80 Nortu Plutarch
(1656) 536 When he had taken them [the pyrates ships] he
brought them allintoa Dock, .
+ 3. A trench, canal, or artificial inlet, to admit
a boat, etc. Ods.
(Sense in first quot. doubtful.)
1634-5 Brereton 7yav.(Chetham) 45 A chest bored full
of holes.. placed in a dock prepared for it... Herein were fish
kept. 1648 Gace IWVest /nd. 40 The Dock or Trench being
thus finished, the Vergantines were calked. 1719 De For
Crusoe 1. ix, 1 .. resolv'd to cut a Dock, or Canal, to bring
the Water up to the Canoe.
4. An artificial basin excavated, built round with
masonry, and fitted with flood-gates, into which
ships are received for purposes of loading and un-
loading or for repair.
Dry or graving dock, a narrow basin into which a single
vessel is received, and from which the water is then posees
or let out, leaving the vessel dry for the purpose of repair.
(Sometimes also used for building ships.) Wet dock, a large
water-tight enclosure in which the water is maintained at
the level of high tide, so that vessels remain constantly
afloat in it. Floating dock, a large floating structure that
can be used like a dry dock.
1552 Hutoert, Docke where shippes be layed vp and made,
nauale. 1569 Stocker tr. Diod. Sic, 11. xxiv. 76 Antigone
.. likewise caused iii mightie Docks to be cut out to build
the sayd shippes in. 1591 PercivaLi Sf. Dict., Astillero,
adocke to build ships in, xavale, 1627 Cart.SmitH Seaman's
Gram. i. 1 A Docke isa great pit or creeke by a harbour side
.. with two great floud-gates built so stronge and close, that
the Docke may be dry till the ship be built or repaired. .and
this is called a dry Docke. 1661-2 Pepys Diary 25 Jan.,
Sir N. Crisp’s project of making. .about Deptford. .a wett-
dock to hold 200 sail of ships. 1758 Descr. Thames 268
Docks are small Harbours cut into the Land. 1849
Macautay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 344 Her endless docks, quays,
and warehouses are among the wonders of the world. 1868
Daily News 2 Sept., Mr. Campbell’s. .plan of an iron float-
i ry dock. 5
he. 1642 Mitton Aol. Smect. viii. (1851) 297 He must cut
out large docks and creeks into his text to unlade the foolish
frigate of his unseasonable autorities.
5. (Often £/.) a. A range of dock-basins (sense 4)
together with the adjoining wharfs, warehouses and
offices (commercial docks). b. The whole establish-
ment of similar basins and adjoining work-shops,
etc., concerned with the building, outfit, and repair
of ships; a dockyard (aval docks).
1703 Lond. Gaz. No. 3912/2 Timber .. for the use of her
Majesty’s Dock at Plimouth. 1770 Westey ¥rn/. 12 Oct.,
I walked round the Dock [at Portsmouth], much larger than
any other in England. 1848 Dickens Dombey ix, Captain
Cuttle lived .. near the India Docks, 1875 Jowetr Plato
III. 698 ‘The docks were full of triremes and naval stores.
6. Railways. An enclosure in a platform into
which a single line of rails runs and terminates.
7. attrib. and Comb., as dock-boot, -constable,
-head, -house, -labourer, -man, -side, -sill, -space,
-trade, -warehouse, etc. ; also dock-company, the
company or corporate body owning a dock ; dock-
charges, dock-dues, charges made for the use of a
dock ; dock-master, the superintendent or man-
ager ofadock; dock-port, a port that has a (naval)
dock ; dock-rent, the charge made for warehous-
ing goods in a dock; +dock-silver (S¢.), dock-
dues ; dock-walloper (U..S.), a casual labourer
engaged at docks and wharfs; dock-warrant,
a certificate'given to the owner of goods warehoused
in adock. Also Dockyarn.
1883 Fisheries Exhib. Catal, 10 Sea Boots, *Dock Boots.
1891 Daily News 28 Dec. 3/6 The deceased. .was seen safely
aboard the vessel by a *dock constable. 1837 Penny Cycl.
1880 Times 1 Pee
Ix. 44/2 Amount of *Dock Dues. s .
5/6 The Hartlepool. .in entering dock struck the *dockhead.
1661 Pepys Diary 10 Apr., In the morning, to see the
*Dock-houses. 1878 Jevons Prim. Pol. Econ. 59 *Dock-
labourers..are simply strong men without any particular
skill. 1755 B. Martin Mise, Corr. Oct. 171 Orders .. that
he should ., form the *Dockmen into a Regiment. 1736 in
Picton L’pool Munic. Rec. (1886) 11. 146 Mr. Steers the
*Dockmaster. 1758 M7.P.’s Let. on R. N. 42 Wages may be
paid..at any *Dock-Port. 1887 7imes 25 Aug. 4/5 [they]
arrived at the *dockside. 1858 Merc. Marine Mag. V. 174
The *dock sill is 3 feet 6 inches above low water-mark.
1641 Stirling Charters (1884) 151 (Jam. Suppl.) Heavin
silver et *dock silver. 1860 Barttetr Dict. Amer., *Dock
walloper, a loafer that hangs about the wharves. New
York. 1879 Lumberman's Gaz. 15 Oct., Dockwollopers are
paid Le to 45 cents an hour. 1875 Jevons Money (1878)
207 The holder of a *dock-warrant has a prima-facie claim
to the .. hogsheads of sugar, or other packages named
thereon,
Dock (dgk), sb.4 [The same word as Fl. dok
rabbit-hutch, fowl-pen, cage; ‘Docke = heute, renne,’
i.e, cage, fowl-pen, fowl-run (Kilian). In Eng. prob.
at first a word of rogues’ cant.
Used by Warner and Ben Jonson 1586-1610; but an un-
known word to Jonson's editors, Whalley 1756, Gifford 1816.
Absent from the 18th c. dictionaries, and from Todd,
Webster 1828, Richardson; and after 1610, known to us
only in Batt-pock, till the roth c., in which it has become
familiar, largely through the writings of Dickens.]
The enclosure in a criminal court in which the
prisoner is placed at his trial: it was formerly
filled with the prisoners whose trial was put down
for the day. Cf, BatL-Doox.
1586 Warner A/b, Eng. ut. xviii, Sterne Minos and grim
Sacre aT their duskie roomes, The docke was also
OL, . .
569
Cleare of Gosts, adiorn’d to after-doomes. 1610 B, Jonson
Alch, v. iv, Here will be officers, presently ; bethinke you,
Of some course sodainely to scape the dock: For thether
you'll come else. 1824 Ann. Reg, LXVI. 40 The prisoner,
after receiving the congratulations of several of his friends,
bowed, and retired from the dock. 1838 Dickens O. 77uis¢
xliii, A dirty frowsy room. .with a dock for the prisoners on
the left hand. 1882 Serjt. BALLANTINE £.xZer, xliii. 396
(He] had to appear and surrender into the dock.
attrib, 1838 Dickens O. 772/st xliii, A jailer stood reclin-
ing against the dock-rail.
Dock (dgk), v.! | [f. Dock sé.2]
1. trans. To cut short in some part, esp. in the
tail, hair, or similar appendage ; to curtail.
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Prod. 590 His tope was doked lyk a preest
biforn. 1408 Will of de Brugge (Somerset Ho.), Equum
meum nigrum dokkede. ¢ 1440 Promp. Parv. 125/2 Dockyd
by pe tayle, decaudatus. 1564 Brecon Early Wks, Gen.
Pref. (1843) 7 Admitting him unto the ministry .. without
docking, greasing, shaving. 1673E. Brown Acc. Trav. 72
‘They have very good Horses .. but they never dock them,
but their tayls grow out at length. 1754 RicHARDSON
Grandison (1781) I. xxxvi. 256 His horses are not docked :
their tails are only tied up. 1813 Sforting Mag. XLI. 60
He related..his docking a defaulter in payment..He.. cut
off his long hair close to the scalp.
b. spec. To shorten (the tail of a horse, dog, etc. )
by cutting off one or more of the extreme caudal
vertebrae. Also adsol.
1419 in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. u. 1. 78 note, Y wolde breke his
Sege, and make hem of Roon dokke hys tayle. 1530 PAtscr.
523/2 Docke your horse tayle, and make hym a courtault.
1778 JOHNSON 3 Apr. in Boswel/, His tail then must be docked.
That was the mark of Alcibiades’s dog. 1802 BinGcLry
Anim, Biog. (1813) I. 494 The barbarous custom of docking
the tails. .is in this country very prevalent. 1876 Miss Cary
Country Life 189 I'm a going to. .learn to nick and dock.
2. transf. and fig. To cut short or abridge by
taking away a part; to lessen, curtail, subject to
limitation in some respect; to deprive, divest of
(‘+ from) some part or appendage.
¢ 1380 Wycuir Se/. Wks, 111, 180 pei docken Goddis word,
and tateren it bi per rimes. ¢ 1422 Hoccieve FYeres/ans’
Wife 541 If thow fynde pat I gabbe, Of my promesse thanne
dokke me. 1693 W. FrEKE Sed. Ess. xix. 109 Docking it
[learning] from its superfluous Pedantry. 1771 T. JeFrer-
son Lett. Writ. 1892 I. 387 Dock the invoice of such articles
as..I may get inthe country, 1871 Browntnc Pr. Hohenst.
1374 Dark, vy the million, of its friendly joints, The electoral
body short. 1889 Sfectatoy 26 Oct., Wages..will be pretty
sharply docked by rent. 1892 F. Hatt in Nation (N. Y.)
LV. 335/1 A participial adjective docked of its termination.
To cut away, cut off; also =Dac v.! 3.
¢ 1380 WyctiF Wks. (1880) 430 Pei wolden teche sum & sum
hide & docke sum [of God’s law]. 1855 THackEray New-
comes II. 45, I see you have shaven the mustachios off .. I
thought I had best dock them. 1888 Etwortny J’,
Somerset Word-bk., Dock, to cut off the wool clotted with
dung from around a sheep's tail.
4. Law. To dock the entazl: to cut off or put an
end to the entail; to break the prescribed line of
succession to an estate ; also fig.
a@ 1626 Bacon Max. & Uses Com. Law (1635) 47 These
notable Statutes..do dock intailes. _1723 STEELE Cowsc.
Lovers 111, He could not dock the entail. 1854 LoweLL
Frnl. in Italy Pr. Wks. 1890 1. 124 A poor relation whose
right in the entail of home traditions has been docked by
revolution.
Hence Do'cking v/. sb. ; also attrib. ;
1727-51 [see Dock sd.? 7]. 1741 Compl. Fam. Piece wu. 449
So many Horses die with Docking. 1865 Youatr Horse
xxii, (1872) 466 The veterinary surgeon with his docking-
machine cuts through the tail at one stroke,
Dock (dgk), v2 [f. Dock 50.3]
+1. trans. To bring or put (a ship) into station
or anchorage in a roadstead, etc. Ods.
1514 Barciay Cyt. & Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) 29 Now
are they..sparcled abrode, Lyke wyse as shyppes be docked
inarode. 1615 Trade's Incr. in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) III.
296 Two more [ships] are docked up there, as pinnaces, to
trade up and down.
+2. To bring or put (a vessel) ashore where it
may rest in the ooze, or in some trench, or creek:
ef. Dock 54.3 1, Obs.
1596 Suaxs. Merch. V. 1. i. 27 And see my wealthy
Andrew dockt [early edd. docks] in sand. 1627, 1633 [see
Dock sé.3 1], 1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. v. 81 To weigh
Ship .. that hath not lain too long, and docked it self in
Oaze. 1751 R. Pattock P. Wilkinsxv, When I had docked
my boat, I would accompany her. [Cf. xii, I sought for a
convenient place to stow my boat in. . Having pitched upon
a swampy place..I soon cut a trench from the lake.]
8. To take, bring, or receive (a ship) into a deck
(in the modern sense) ; cf. Dock 50.3 4.
1600 Pory tr. Leo's Africa 1. 376 Arsenals, or places for
the building, repairing, docking, and harbouring of. . gallies.
1662 Pepys Diary 21 July, We..saw the manner and
trouble of docking such a ship. 1793 Hull Advertiser
3 Oct. x M4 A grand dock-yard. .sufficient to dock and re-fit
30 sail of the line. 186r Sat. Rev. 14 Dec. 608 A British
man-of-war was lying there waiting to be docked.
‘b. zntr. (for refl.) To come into dock.
1892 Daily News 4 Nov. 3/1 Water..must be pumped out
before she can dock. |
4. trans. To furnish or lay out with docks.
1757 W. Situ Hist. New York 187 The Ships lie off in
the Roads, on the East Side of the Town, which is docked
out. 1861 Sat. Rev. 14 Dec. 615 The cutting of the ..
Caledonian Canal, the docking of London and Liverpool.
Hence Do'cking vd/. sb.; also attrib.
169x T. H{are] Acc. New Jnvent. 28 Their Ransackings,
Going. Dockings, and Repairings. 1799 NELSON 12
Sept. in Nicolas Disf, (1845) 1V. 11 The Seahorse. .requires
DOCKET.
docking. 1886 Law Times LUX XX. 284/1 [She] carried the
usual docking signal of two bright lights aft.
Dock, z.3 Biscuit-making. (Origin unknown.]
trans. To pierce (a biscuit) with holes.
1840 [Remembered as the term in regular use. G. Palmer.]
1875 Ure's Dict. Arts I. 343 The biscuit was then docked,
that is, pierced with holes by an instrument adapted to the
purpose. /é7d, 346 A stamping and docking frame .. The
stamps or cutters in the frame being internally provided
with prongs. .dock the cakes, or cut pieces, with a series of
holes, for the subsequent escape of the moisture, which, but
for these vents, would distort and spoil the cake or biscuit
when put in the oven.
Dock, v.4 nonce-wd. [f. Dock sd.4] trans. To
place (a prisoner) in the dock.
1895 Pall Mall G. 2 Dec. 2/3 They [jury] did so on
Saturday at Riom, when and where a lady was docked for
disposal.
Dockage (dgkédz). [f. Dock sd.8 + -acE.]
a. Charges made for the use of docks. b. Docks
collectively; dock accommodation. ¢. The berth-
ing ofgpessels in docks.
1708 Deed 9 Apr. in New Engld. Hist. Gen. Reg. (1879)
402 The privilidge of Dockage and Wharffage. 1788 CLark-
son Jinpol. Slave Tr. 121 These vessels pay their dockage.
1864 Daily Ted. 3 May, With regard to the dockage of the
iron fleet. 1893 Critic (U. S.) 25 Mar. 186/1 An interesting
study [in water-colour] of dockage in New Orleans,
Do'ckage”. [f. Dock v.1+-ace.] The action
of docking ; deduction.
1886 Philad. Times 20 Mar. (Cent.), I do not find. .in the
time-book a single instance of dockage. 1887 Confenp. Kev.
May 699 Dishonest dockage for dirt and chaff.
Docked (dpkt), pA/. a.! [f. Dock v.! + -ED1.]
Cut short, curtailed; with short or shortened tail.
1408 [see Dock v.! 1]. ¢1440 Promp. Parv.125/2 Dockyd,
lessyd or obryggyd, adbreviatus. 1830 CartyLe Richter
Misc. (1872) III. 26 Besides the docked cue, he had shirts
ala Hamlet. 1861 Sata Dutch Pict. xii. 187 A grey horse,
with a docked military tail.
Docked, ///. 2.2 [f. Dock sd.2 3 + -ED2.]
Having buttocks ; in s¢rong-docked, ‘ that has strong
Reins and Sinews, lusty, stout’ (Phillips 1706),
a 1652 Brome New. Acad. u.i, She’s a tight strong dock’t
Tit. 1709 Brit. Apollo 11. No. 12. 3/1 A Strong dock’d
Bucksome Quean.
Docken (dg'k’n). Sc. and north. dial. Also 5
doken, -an, 8 dockan, g docking. [app. repr.
OE. doccan, early ME. *dokken, pl. and inflected
form of docce, Dock 56.1] = Dock sd! 1.
1423 Jas. | Kingis Q. cix, Als like 3e bene, as .. doken to
the fresche dayesye. 1483 Cath. Angl. 103/1 A Dokan,
paradilla, 1721 Ketty Scot. Prov. 184 (Jam., ‘I wo'd be
very loth And scant of cloth, To sole my hose with dockans.’
The return of a haughty maid to them that tell her of an un-
worthy suitor. 1724 Ramsay Tea-t. Misc. (1733) 1.21 Wad
ye compare ye’r sell to me, A docken tillatansie? 1863
Rosson Baris of Tyne 138 Amang these green dockings.
b. attrib. Of or like a dock-leaf; dock-like.
1852 R. S. Surtees Sponge's Sp. Tour xliv. 245 His great
red docken ears.
Docker ! (dg'ko1). [f. Dock sb.3+-eR1.]
1. A dweller in or near a dock ; sfec. an inhabit-
ant of Devonport, formerly Plymouth Dock.
1762 JoHNSON in Boswell Life Visit Devonsh., I am against
the Dockers: I ama Plymouth-man, | 1870 R. N. Wortu
Hist. Devonport ix. 100 The oldest living Docker.
2. A labourer in the docks.
1887 Pall Mall G. 19 Sept. 2/2 A trade union for dockers.
I Times 11 Dec. 9/3 Gross intimidation during the
dockers’ strike.
Docker”. [f. Dock v.! and 3 +-rR1,]
1. One who docks the tails of horses, etc.
1810 Sporting Mag. XXXV. 263 Croppers, dockers,
nickers and trimmers, 1844 J. TI. Hewtetr Parsons § HW’,
iii, You. .mane-and-tail docker. 3 :
2. A stamp used for ‘docking’ or perforating the
dough for biscuits.
1874 in Knicut Dict. Mech.
Do'cker®. [f. Dock s4.4+-ER1.] (See quot.)
1892 Pall Mall G. 28 Jan. 6/1 Dock cases, ‘dockers’, as
they are called—cases in which you are retained by the
prisoner in the dock.
Docket (dg"két), sd.1 Also 5 doket, 5-9 dog-
get(t, 6-8 docquett, 6-9 docquet. [Found since
15th c.: derivation and original sense obscure.
It has been suggested to be a derivative of Dock v.!, the
suffix being either the dim. -rr (cf. focket), or a var. of the
-ED of pa. pple. But neither view is free from serious objec-
tions.]
+. (?) Obs.
cx Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 313 May he dug hym
a doket, A kodpese like a pokett.
+2. A brief, summarized statement; an abstract
or abridgement ; a digest, minute. Ods. exc. Hist.
a 1483 Liber Niger in Househ, Ord. 25 Lett it alwey be
remembered to make in the kinges doggettes both venit
and recessit as often as it pleseth the King the prince to
come or goe. 1526 /d7d, 229 The Clerke of the Green Cloth
shall. .ingrosse and cast up all the particular Breifments of
the House..and the same, soe cast up..enter in the Parch-
ment docquett, called the Maine Docquet. /éid. 234 The
Clerk of the Spicery. .doe dayly make the Briefments or
docquets of the expence of his of » 1855 Act 2 & 3 Phil. &
Mary c. 6 That every person. .auctorised to..purveye any
Beefes, Wethers, Lambes [etc.]..shall make a Docket or
Briefe in writing ..conteyning all & every suche Beefe,
Wethers, Lambes [etc.] 1641 Termes de la 126 Docket
is a little peece of paper or parchment written, that con-
teineth in it the effect ofa greater writing. 1643 in er
DOCKET.
Hist. Reb. vu. § 347 Several ions of arms mentioned
in a docquet then sent iesicoed in our said letters. 1858
Doran Crt. Fools 219 The warrant..may have been pre-
served, and probably also a docket or short minute of it.
3. spec. The abstract of the contents of a pro-
Letter-patent, written upon the King’s bill
which authorized the preparation of such letter for
the Great Seal, and also copied into a Register or
Docket-book. ,
I in St. Papers, Domestic (MS.), Docguets 1. [King’s
Bills endorsed ‘Docquet"]. 1576 /éid., A docquet of the
contents of her ma*’* lettres patentes graunted the xvth of
June. 1s 1590 /bid. 1 Perys Diary July, My
tent .. being done, we carried it..to Mr. Beale for a
jockett. 1662-3 /did. 28 Feb., I did see the docquet by which
Sir W. Pen is made the Comptroller's assistant. 1686
Evetyn Diary 12 Mar., A docquet was to be seal’d import-
ing a lease of 21 yeares to one Hall. /bid. 5 May, We
should be requir'’d to passe a doquett dispensing with Dr,
Obadiah Walker and four more. .to hold their masterships,
fellowships, and cures. 21837 W. H. Brack Docguets of Lett.
Pat. Chas. I, 1643-6 (Recd. Commiss., unpubl.) Pref. vii,
The Docquet books: -present in the form of a Reffister or
Journal short abstracts of all instruments that were prepared
for the great seal in the offices to which they respectively
belong. ‘
4. Zaw. A memorandum or register of legal
judgements.
1668-9 Pepys Diary 12 Mar. (1879) VI. 20 To the Crowne
Office, where we .. did take short notes of the dockets.
1687 Dr. Hepnces in Magd. Coll. & Fas. IT pe Hist.
Soc.) 204 ‘The Steward ask'd for a docket of y® fines. 1692
Act 4 Will. & Mary c. 20 § 1 Every Clerk of the Doggets
of the Court of Kings Bench..shall..put into an Alpha-
betical Doggett by the Defendants names a particular of
all Judgments for Debt. 1809 Tomiins Law Dict. s.v. Docket
or Dogget, When rolls of judgments are brought into C. B.
they are docketted, and entered on the docket of that term ;
so that upon any occasion you may soon find out a judg-
ment, by searching these dockets, if you know the attorney's
name. /did. s.v. Judgment, By rule of Michaelmas, 42
Geo. 3 (2 East. 136) no Judgment can be signed upon any
warrant authorising any attorney to confess Judgment,
without such warrant of attorney being delivered to and
filed by the Clerk of the Dockets ; who is ordered to file the
warrants in the order in which they are received.
5. Law. A list of causes for trial, or of names
of persons having causes pending. Hence phr.
On the docket. (U.S.)
1790 Dattas A mer. Law Rep.1. 382 The plea entered on the
docquet. 1800 Appison Amer. Law Rep. 14 Only one cause
appeared on the docquet. 1828 Wesster, Docket,..3. An
alph@petical list of cases in a court, or a catalogue of the
names of the parties who have suits depending in a court.
In some of the States, this is the principal or only use of the
word, 1864 /did.s.v., On the docket, in hand; under con-
sideration ; in process of execution or performance. (Colloq.)
+6. In phr. 70 strike a docket: see quots. Ods.
1809 R. Lancrorp /utrod. Trade 115 The person has
subjected himself to being a bankrupt: if so, he is made
one, which is termed striking a docket. 1823 Crass Jechnol.
Dict. s.v., ‘To strike a docket’ is said of a creditor who
gives bond to the Lord Chancellor, proving his debtor to be
a bankrupt; in consequence of which a commission of
bankruptcy is taken out against him. 1835 Hoop Dead
Rotbery i, Of all the causes that induce mankind To strike
against themselves a mortal docket. 1848 WHARTON Law
Lex., Docket or Dogged..the entry made by the secretary
of bankrupts, when a petitioning creditor's affidavit of deht
is lodged with him for the purpose of issuing a fiat in
bankruptcy, technically called ‘striking a docket’. 1852
Tuackeray Esmond ui. iv, Esmond .. having fairly struck
his docket in this love transaction determined to put a
cheerful face on his bankruptcy.
7. An endorsement ona letter or other document,
briefly indicating its contents or subject; a label
affixed for a similar purpose ; a written direction,
a ticket.
1706 Puitiips (ed. Kersey), Docke?, a little Bill ty’d to
or Wares, and directed to the Person and Place they
are to be sent to, 1839 Lapy GranviLte Lett. 11 Feb. (1894)
II. 282 You may find your delightful tour safe in red tape
and docket. Hoop Uf Rhine 76 Tourists. . Provided
with passport, that requisite docket. 1883 I. TayLor
Alphabet 1. 253 On the outer edge of these tablets a docket
is occasionally inscribed ..containing a brief reference to the
contents, evidently for the purpose of enabling the keeper
of the records to find any particular document. 1886 Cheshire
Gloss., Docket, hatting term. The wage ticket of workpeople.
. a A warrant from the Custom House on
Sora 8 goods, certifying the payment of the
duty. b. A form of certificate giving particulars
of the bales, marks, ship’s name, etc., of cotton
sold for future delivery, the presentation of which
at the Cotton Clearing-house entitles the presenter
to obtain a delivery order,
The dockets show the amount of cotton tendered on each
Tendering Day at the Clearing House. When the same
‘form’ is used on a second Tentlering Day, it is called a
letter-docket.
1712 Swirt Frni. to Stella 13 Mar., He dreams of nothing
but cockets, and dockets, and drawbacks and other jargon,
words of the custom-house. 1887 7imes 27 Aug. 11/6
{Cotten Market) The tenders were 2,100 bales of which 100
were] letter dockets.
9. attrib. and Comb., as docket-book (see sense 3),
-rolls, -warrant,
1643 St. Trials, Abp. Laud 3 Mar., For Worcester, there
. Rusaw. /ist. Coll.
I, 637 There were then entred in the et Book, several
Conge Royal assents for Dr. May to be Bi:
of Bath and Wells [etc.]. 1690 J. Parmer in Andros Traci
1. 34 As appears eet the Council. 1762-
7x H. Watrote Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) 11. 12, 1
4
570
found the minute of the sone warrant for this a: the
Conwa: rs. 1888 W. Rye Records & Rec. Search. 48
note, lendars and indexes of the Docket Rolls of the
Common Pleas. /éid. Index, Doggett or Docket Books
(ind to C Law Judg: p
+ Docket, 53.2 Obs. 1 = Dock sd.2 1.
c1sgo Greene Yas. JV, Wks. (Rtldg.) 193 Properties of
a lion, a breast, a stiff docket.
Docket, v. [f. Docker sd.1
+1. ¢rans. To furnish or inscribe with a docket.
1615 Bacon Let. to King 12 Aug. in Rawley Resuscitatio
( aan} Your Majesty shall shortly receive the Bill, for the
Incorporation of the New Company : together with a Bill,
for the Privy Seal, being a ndancy thereof. For this
Morning I subscribed, and docketted them both. 16az Lp.-
Keeper Wit.iams in Fortesc. Papers (Camden) 169, I could
not all yesterday get the Clarke of the Signet to docquet the
same. 1833 Act 3 & 4 Will. 1V, c. 46 § 69 The Lists of
Occupiers..or a Copy thereof docqueted signed by the
Preses of any Meeting of the said Commissioners.
2. Law. To make an abstract of (judgements,
etc.) and enter them in a list or index.
1692 Act 4 Will. & Mary c. 20 §2 No Judgment not
doggetted and entred in the Bookes .. shall affect any
Landes or Tenementes as to Purchasers or Mortgagees.
1809 Tomuins Law Dict. s.v. Judgment, Which Judgment
..is.. binding; provided the same..be regularly docketed ;
that is, abstracted and entered in a book 1818 Cruise
Digest U1. 58 It is said by Sir J. Jekyll, that judgements
cannot be docketed after the time mentioned in the act.
1868 Act 31 § 32 Vict. c. 101 § 22 Such assignation..may
not have been docqueted with reference to such warrant.
3. To endorse (a letter or document) with a short
note of its contents, writer, date, or the like.
1750 Cuesterr. Let. 5 Feb. (1870) 175 Whatever letters
and papers you keep, docket and tie them up in their
respective classes so that you may instantly have recourse
to any one. 19779 FRrankuin Lett. Wks. 1889 VI. 328 Re-
turning immediately all the others, docketed and catalogued,
as you please. 1851 Ord. & Regul. R. Engineers ii. 4 These
. Official Returns, are to be properly docketed and addressed
on the back. 1887 T. A. Trottore What I remember 1. xi.
229 Letters. . carefully docketed with the date by my father.
b. ¢transf. and fig.
1856 R. A. VauGHAN Mystics 1x. i. (1860) II. 117 Every
emotion was methodically docketed ; every yearning of the
heart minutely catalogued. 1883 E. Pennext-Ecmuirst
Cream Leicestersh. 244 The Season that is now filed and
docketed with the past. 1894 Sata Lond. up to Date xx.
300 Plans. .docketed, and consigned to their proper imagin-
ary pigeon-holes.
Hence Do'cketed f//. a., Dovcketing v/. sb.
1810 Lapy Granvitte Lett. 29 Aug. (1894) I. 11 Having
embarked me at last in a regular docketted correspondence.
1865 Cartye /redk. Gt. VII. xvi. viii. 86 In this docketing
it lay, sealed for many years. 1866 R. CHamuers £ss. Ser.
1. 152 A set of docketed papers, tied up with red tape.
Docking-iron = dock-ivon; see Dock sb.1 4.
1780 W. Curtis Flora Lond. m1. 22 For its [dock’s]
destruction an instrument called a Docking Iron has been
invented. |
Dockize (dgkaiz), v. [f. Dock sd.3 + -1zK.]
trans. To transform (a river) into a range of docks.
Hence Dovckized f#/. a., Dockizing vd/. sd.
187 A. Forrow Thames & its Docks 61 Could the good
people of Bristol be induced to dockise that very erratic
stream. 1881 Nature XXIV. 17 The process called ‘dock-
ising‘, or damming a river at its mouth. 1891 Pad/ MallG.
2 Dec. 5/9 ‘The proposed ‘ dockized * portion.
So. Dockiza'tion, conversion into docks.
1893 De Ripper (f/t/e) Dockization v. docks, Letter .. to
the Mayor..of Bristol. 1895 Chamd. ¥rni. 140 The dock-
isation scheme..a proposal to construct a dam across the
mouth of the Avon.
Dock-tail, a.=next.
1785 Criticisms on Rolliad xvii, May thy dock-tail pair
Unharm'd convey thee with sure-footed care.
Do-ck-tailed, #//. a. [f. stem of Dock v.! +
TatLepD.] Having its tail docked or cut short.
1824 Miss Mitrorp Vil//age Ser. 1. 200 That still wretcheder
apology for a coat, a dock-tailed jacket. - R. S. Surtees
Sponge’s Sp. Tour (1893) 189 A dock-tailed waggon horse,
(dg*kyyaad). [f. Dock s4.3+ Yarp.]
A more or less Ee enclosure, adjoining the
sea or a river, in which ships are built and repaired,
and all kinds of ships’ stores are or
brought together ; es. in English use, applied to
the Government establishments of this character
for the use of the navy, in U.S. called navy-yards.
1704 Lond, Gaz. 4080/3 [He] landed at the Dock-Yard at
Blackwall. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) IL. 32 Peter
the Great..worked with a hatchet among the carpenters in
our dock-yards. 1840 Tuirtwatt Greece VII. 297 Three
dockyards were ——_ established in Phoenicia.
attrib. ax8ar Keats Robin Hood 44 All his oaks, Fall'n
beneath the dock-yard strokes, Have rotted on the briny
seas. 1 Marryat P. Simple xi, The dock-yard boat
with all the pay clerks and the cashier. .came.
Docoglossate (dpkoglestt), a. Zool. [f.
mod.L. Docoglossa (f. Gr. dox6s balk, bar + yAdooa
tongue) +-aTE*.] Of or pertaining to the Doco-
glossa, a group “of gastropod molluscs havin
—— rows of beam-like teeth on the tegmat
n.
1884 T. Giit in Science IV. 335 The docoglossate Gastro-
a.
Docquet(t, obs. form of Docker.
+ Doct, a. Obs. rare—'. [ad. L. doct-us, pa. pple.
of docére to teach.] Learned.
z yacd Sn ies Rabelais (1737) V. 233 Doct Verbocination
is e
| Ambrose..
DOCTOR.
it Docti‘loquent, a. Obs. rare— pe L. doct-us
learned + -em, pr. pple. of 7 to speak ;
CL datteet tes speaks ;
(Blount Glossogr. 1656). So Docti‘loquous a.,
‘5 ing learnedly ’ (Bailey vol. I. 1727).
(dg*kta1), sb. Forms: 4-7 doctour,
(4-5 -ur, -oure, 5 doktor), 5- doctor. [a. OF.
doctor (-ur, -our, -eur), ad. L. doctor, -6rem teacher,
ent-n. from docére to teach.]
. A teacher, instructor ; one who gives instruc-
tion in some branch of knowledge, or inculcates
opinions or principles. (Const. of) Now rare.
1387 Trevisa //i, (Rolls) 11.43 Seynt Austyn be firste
doctour [=/rot, tor] of Englischemen. Caxton
Chas. Gt. 1 Saynt Poul, doctour of verite. 1 DALL, etc.
Erasm. Par. Matt. i, 20 The heauenly doctour Christe
esus. N. T. (Genev.) Matt. xxiii. 10 Be not called
tol ther is but one your Doctor, and he is Christe,
| ee | Phil. Trans. 1, 73 One of the most zealous Doctors
of t
e cont! Opinion. 1790 Burke Fr. Rev. 32 Fhese
new Doctors of the rights of men. 1864 J. H. Newman Aol.
App. 77 St. Augustine. .is the doctor of the great and com-
mon view that all untruths are lies. g
+b. spec. (Sc.) An assistant-master in a school.
1630 Burgh Recds. Perth in Grant Burgh Sch. Scot. 147.
1640 Burgh Recds. Edin. ibid. 147 For the tryell of the
maister and doctors in teatching. 1695 Sispatp Awtfodiog.
(1834) 129 Mr. Heugh Wallace was master. Mr, Francis
Cockburn, Mr. Samuel Macom and Mr. John Wardlaw
were doctors of the [Edinburgh High] school.
2. One who, by reason of his skill in any branch
of knowledge, is competent to teach it, or whose
attainments entitle him to express an authori-
tative opinion; an eminently learned man. arch.
cx Cursor M. 12577 heading (Fairf.), Thesus disputed
wib peices €1391 Cuaucer Astro. Prol., An intro-
ductorie aftur the statutz of owre doctours. ?a Morte
Arth, 145 Dukes and duspers and doctours noble. ¢1§10
More Ficus Wks. 3/1 He scrupulously sought out all the
famous doctours of his time. 1 Pore Ep. Bathurst 1
Who shall decide, when Doctors disagree? 1-4 EMERSON
Ess., Intellect Wks. (Bohn) I. 135 The wisest doctor is
gravelled by the inquisitiveness of a child.
+b. ¢ransf. One who is eminently skilled in a
particular art or craft. Ods.
1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. V (an. 10) 82 This kyng. .in mar-
cial affaires a very doctor. 1602 RowLanps Greenes Ghost 18
He indeed was a doctor in his arte [of Cutpurses).
3. spec. applied to: a. The Doctors of the Church,
certain early ‘fathers’ distinguished by their emi-
nent learning, so as to have been teachers not only
in the Church, but of the Church, and by their
heroic sanctity ; esp. in the Western Church, the
four, Ambrose, Augustine, Jerome, Gregory (so
named in the canon law), and, in the Eastern
Church, the four, Athanasius, Basil, Mg 3a of
Nazianzum, and Chrysostom. b. The leading
Schoolmen of medizval philosophy.
I R. Brunne Handi, Synne Fine doves non Gregory ..
telleb mo hymself a lone Pan alle be ours do echone.
1362 Lancu. ?. Pi. A. x1. 294 Pe dou3tiest doctour..austyn
be olde and hizeste of pe foure. can » 1447
Austyn and Gregory, Jerome and Am! «the foure doc-
torus. 1gs2 Apr. Hamicton Catech, (1884) 46 Autentyk
doctours a vit be the auctorite of haly kirk. .as Hierome,
risostome. 1788 Retp Aristotle's Log. iv. §6.
97 The Scholastic Doctors. .tortured. .the modal sy
1855 Mitman Lat. Chr. xiv. vey be 119 Doctors, who
assumed the splendid titles of the Angelical, the Seraphic,
the Irrefragable (Aqui Bona , Al der Hales).
4. One who, in any faculty or branch of learning,
has attained to the highest degree conferred by a
University ; a title originally implying competency
to teach such subject or subj
regarded as a certificate of the highest proficiency
therein.
The degree is now often conferred by Universities feel
h i v Preeey . 2 au
y P pon 4
divines, etc.: Doctor of Civil Law by Oxford and Durham,
Doctor of Laws Cacsbrdge, Duties etc., Doctor of
it
Divinity, Doctor of Phi etc, Universities.
Lambeih Doctor : bibaprge aSeved chon Se of Canter-
bury has conferred the degree.
1377 Lanct.. P. Pé. B. xv. 373 Doctoures of decres and of
diuinitie maistres, @ 1400-50 Alexander 234 A clerke..
dizt as a Doctour in drabland wedis. 1§29
agst. Trib. u. Wks. 1170/1 You so
long, and are doctor. 1551 T. Witson Logike (1567) 334
I heard ones a doctour of Diuinitie, whiche was not so greate
Dr. Nic, Pie weed mg
of Musick. 3780 Hearne Collect. 4
the is only a beth
Johnson an. 1765, at
Joh with a
ighest academical honours, by creating him Doctor of
— 1843 Miact in porn Ill. 79°To make Prince
Albert a doctor of laws.
Feb., Dr. West's
J
b. Prefixed, as title, to the name (now usually —
abbreviated Dr.), and in addressing a
ra St. Cuthbert (Surtees) br Jarow.. doctour
bede leuyd and d 1455 Paston Lett. No. 257 I. 350
Oon ne, a preest. son ry Wille (Camden)
ge Mast* Doctor Curteys, the of the Fryers
Ener cit ane te WL
master us. @ P, Rem.
ro The Master of the Mr. Dr, Chaderton.
in Sohnson 17 April, , doctor, you look stout
but now merely"
DOCTOR.
and hearty. 1882 Epna Lyatt Donovan iii, Dr. Tremain
was standing by the window. 1895 Ian Mactaren Auda
Syne 1. v. 113 Doctor Davidson motioned to the Free
Church minister to take his place at the head.
+e. Doctor of the Chair: a professor in a uni-
versity ; cf. CHAIR sé, 6. Obs.
a 1634 Ranvoipn Muses’ Looking-Glass 11. iv. Wks. (1875)
213 Thou shalt be doctor o’ th’ chair. 1659 Rusnw. //zst.
Coll. I. 62 A Sermon preached by Robert Abbot, Doctor of
the Chair in Oxford. — ; : .
5. Hence used with express or implied specifica-
tion of: a, One who is proficient in knowledge of
theology; a learned divine.
@ 1375 Lay Folks Mass Bk. App. iv.*148 Pus Doctours
han I-souht. 1377 [see 4]. 1393 Lancu. P. Pl. C. xu. 97
For doctor he is yknowe And of scripture pe skylful. 1550
Bate Afol. 50 (R.) Y° best of your doctours in expownynge
the Scriptutes. 1680 Orway Orvfhax u. i, Thanking a surly
Doctor for his Sermon. _ 1871 Morey Voltaire (1886) 24.
He heard only the humming of the doctors as they serve
forth to congregations of poor men hungering for spiritual
sustenance the draff of theological superstition.
b. One who is proficient in knowledge of law.
Till 1857 barristers practising in the Court of Arches were
required to take the degree of doctor. For the honorary
doctors of law, see 4.
1377 Lanct. P. Pl. B..xv. 238 Pat conscience and cryst
hath yknitte faste, Pei vndon it vnworthily po doctours of
lawe. ¢1460 J. Russett Bk. Nurture 1024 Doctur of bothe
lawes, beynge in science digne. 1588 J. UpaLt Diotrephes
(Arb.) 12 Why did you not rather take some doctour of the
Arches? 1 Suaks. Merch. V. 1. i. 144 This Letter from
Bellario doth commend A yong and Learned Doctor in our
Court. 1845 M. Pattison Zss. (1889) I. 23 With the gravity
of a doctor expounding ecclesiastical law.
6. spec. A doctor of medicine ; in popular cur-
rent use, applied to any medical practitioner.
[1377 Lanot. P. PZ. B. xyit. 362 Pe bitternesse pat pow
hast browe brouke it pi-seluen, Pat art doctour of deth,
drynke pat bow madest |! c 1386 Cuaucer Prol. 411 Wib vs
bere was a Doctur of Phesike.] c1400 Lanfranc’s Cirurg.
73 Of rasis auicen & galion & of opere doctouris. 1598
Suaks. Merry W. 1. i. 106 Shall I loose my Doctor? No:
hee giues me the Potions and the Motions. 1699 DrypeNn
Ep. to ¥. Driden 71 So liv'd our Sires, ere doctors learn’d
to kill. 1725 De For Voy, round World (1840) 182 Our
doctors. themselves (so we call the surgeons at sea). 1783
Arnswortu Lat, Dict. (Morell) u, Veterinarius, a farrier,
ahorse doctor. 1872 Gro. Exior Middlem. xv, A common
country doctor. 1884 Gitmour Jfongols 180 They apply
to tlfe missionary in his capacity of doctor +. and..want
him only in so far as he is a doctor,
b. fig. Applied humorously to any agent that
gives or preserves health.
1660 Howe Parly of Beasts 23 (D.) After those two,
Doctor Diet and Doctor Quiet, Doctor Merriman is requisit
to preserve health. 1740 Hist. ¥amaica ii. 21 The People
here give it [the sea-breeze] the name of Doctor, and truly
it deserves the Title. 1823 Spirit Pub. Frnls. (1824) 55
Each horseman gulped down a doctor, to counteract the
effects of the raw morning a¥t.
7. trangf. A name given to various mechanical
appliances, usually for curing or removing defects,
regulating, adjusting, or feeding.
a. Calico-printing and Paper-making. A thin blade of
metal used to remove superfluous colour, loose threads, dust,
etc. from the cylinder (a calico-printing machine has a colour-
doctor, a lint-doctor, and a cleaning-doctor; see quots.).
b. Atool used for soldering. ¢. An auxiliary steam-engine
for feeding the boiler ; a donkey-engine.
1796 Specif. Wild & Ridge’s Patent No. 2134 (title),
Manufacturing ..steel doctors for printers. 1833 J. HoLtanp
Manuf. Metal I. 316 A heated doctor, or soldering bit.
1837 Wuittock Bk. Trades (1842) 96 (Calico-printer) The
polished Surface is cleared by the scraper called the ‘doctor’,
1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., Doctor. (Calico-printing)..The
cleaning-doctor, which wipes clean the surface of the roller.
1875 Ure's Dict. Arts I. 590 The lint-doctor, whose office it
"is to remove any fibres which may have come off the calico
in the act of printing. zd. 603 The superfluous colouris..
wiped off by the colour doctors .. These doctors are thin
blades of steel or brass, which are mounted in doctor-shears,
or plates of metal screwed together with bolts,
. A fish of the genus Acanthurus: also called
doctor-fish and surgeon-fish: see — 1850,
1833 Penny Cycl. 1. 68 The name of * Doctors’, by which
they are well known to the English sailors and colonists.
1834 M.G. Lewis ¥rnd. W. Ind. 50 Its name is the ‘ Doctor
Fish’. ¢ 1850 Nat. Encycl. 1. 97 Termed Doctors.. because
they are armed on each side of the tail with a sharp move-
able spine like a lancet, which they use with great effect.
9. Angling. A kind of artificial fly.
1867 F. Francis Angling x. (1880) 341 The Doctor .. is
avery general and deserved favourite. 1895 Daily News
22 Aug. 6/2 With fine tackle and a very small Blue Doctor.
10. Something used to ‘doctor’ or adulterate
food or drink; e.g. a liquor mixed with inferior
wine to make it more palatable, or with light-
coloured wine (as sherry} to darken it; hence, a
name for brown sherry. (s/ang or collog.)
1770 been Placid Man \. 84 The governor was as
happy if he bongs his Doctor = to . man _ talked to
im upon any thing. 1 ROSE Dict. . Longue
(Farmer), Doctor, a sal. used by stiles to make
— appear — than they really are. 2828 G.
MEATON Doings in London (Farmer), Maton, in his ‘ Tricks
of Bakers Unmasked’, says alum, which is called the
Doctor. .is sold to the bakers at fourpence per pound.
11. (Waut.) A ship’s cook; (U.S. and Australian)
the men’s cook at a station or come. (collog.)
1860 Bartiert Dict. Amer., Doctor, the cook on board
a ship. a Smytu Sailor's Word-bk., Doctor .. a jocular
name for the ship’s cook. 1892 LeNntzNER Australian
Word-bk. 20 Doctor, the (up-country), the men’s cook on
[
571
astation. 1893 Funk Standard Dict., Doctor..6. (Local,
U.S.) The cook in a logging-camp.
12. Old slang. A false or loaded die.
axzj00 B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Doctor, a false Die, that
will run but two or three Chances. hey put the Doctor
upon him, they cheated him with false Dice. 1721 CisBer
Woman's Witt, The old Rogue..wou'd ha’ put the Doctor
upon me. .(unknown to him) I flung away the Doctor, and
clapt into the Bax a Pair of true Mathematics. 1749 Frevp-
ING Tom Jones vil. xii. 1774 Foote Cozeners 1. Wks. 1799
Il. 153. 180 Sporting Mag. XVIII. 7 Loaded a couple of
the Doctors for throwing a seven and nine.
13.'Comd., as doctor-farrier, -like (adj. and adv.),
-maker, -monger ; doctor-box, a form of colour-
box in a calico-printing machine, of which the
‘doctor’ (7a) forms the bottom; doctor’s curse
(see quot.) ; doctor-fish = sense 8; doctor-gum,
a South-American gum, also called hog-gum,
usually considered to be a product of Rhus ALeto-
pium’ (Cent. Dict.); doctor-shears (see 7a);
doctor’s stuff (co//og.), medicine, physic (also
doctor-stuff). See also Docrors’ Commons.
1821 Cor. Hawker Diary (1893) I. 226, I .. took the
*doctor’s curse, or, in other words, a dose of calomel. 1638
Forp Fancies v.ii, Some *doctor-farriers are of opinion that
the mare may cast a foal. 1549 CHALONER /vasi. on Folly
Mjb, This Definicion..was not..*doctourlike sette foorth
by hym. 1654 Gataker Disc. A fol. 41, I told them merilie,
They must first make me a Doctor-like maintenance, ere I
would take the degree of Doctor, 1884 Chix. IVorld 10 Jan.
17/5 A ‘*doctor-maker’ is the maker of a particular metal
ate called a ‘doctor’, c1449 Pecock Acpm 1. xvi. 87
ay of 30u ben clepid “Doctour mongers. 1772 GRAVES
Spirit. Quix. x. xvii. (D.), The man said .. he could not
take *Doctor’s stuff, if he died for it. 1856 Kane Avct.
Expl. 1. xv. 171 Like doctor-stuff generally, it is not as
appetizing as desirable.
Hence (sonce-wds.) Do'ctordom, the world of
doctors, doctors collectively. Do‘ctorhead, Do'c-
torhood, the position or rank of a doctor. Dorc-
torless a., without a doctor.
1541 Barnes Wes. (1573) 542/2 Thinketh your doctourhed
that the children of Israell. .could not haue made. .excuse?
1849 THackeray Pendennis vi, A match for all the Doctors
in Doctordom.
doctorhood, 1885 A ¢hena@us 12 Dec. 764 Our butcherless,
bakerless..doctorless..and altogether comfortless jungle.
Doctor (dy'kta1), v. collog. [f. prec. sb.]
1. trans. To confer the degree or title of Doctor
upon ; to make a Doctor. fein “”
1599 Sanpys Europe Spec. (1632) 117 Which Church hath
now fully .. delivered her mind in the late Councell of
Trent; whereto all that are solemnly doctored in Italy must
subscribe. @1744 Pore Let. to Swift Wks. 1751 IX. 341
(Jod.), I will be doctored with you, or not at all. 1873
OWELL Lett. (1894) II. 108, I have been over to Oxford to
be doctored, and ted a very pleasant time of it. 1891 Sat.
Rev. 20 June 730/1 Cambridge on Tuesday ‘doctored’
among others her new High Steward.
2. To treat, as a doctor or physician; to admin-
ister medicine or medical treatment to.
1737 Bracken Farriery [mpr. (1757) U1. 47 Rather than
suffer a good serviceable Creature to be doctor’d out of his
Life by the common Farrier. 1832 Cot. Hawker Diary
(1893) II. 38 Brodie. .prescribed for me and sent me off to
doctor myself. 1842 C. WuiteHEap 2. Savage (1845) I. xi.
156 We'll doctor him up while you’re gone.
b. ¢ransf. To repair, patch up, set to rights.
1829 Atrorp in L7/e(1873) 50 Wasted most of the morning
in doctoring a clock. 1833 R. H. Froupe Rem. (1838) I.
317 Can these [verses] be doctored into any thing available?
3. Jig. To treat so as to alter the appearance,
flavour, or character of; to disguise, falsify, tamper
with, adulterate, sophisticate, ‘cook’.
1774 Foorr Cozeners 1. Wks. 1799 II. 188, I wish we had
time though to doctor his face. 1820 Ldin. Rev. XX XIII.
138 Directions for .. doctoring all sorts of wines. 1847 DE
Quincey Sf, Mil. Nun xxi. 3s ) 66 Modes of doctoring
dice. 1866 Pall Mall G. 3 Jan., K serious doubt arises. .as
to the trustworthiness of .. the narratives thus doctored.
1884 St. James's Gaz. 5 Dec. 6/1 By a few touches of
a file on the milled edge, a coin can be so ‘ doctored’ as to
fall almost invariably heads or tails at will.
4. intr. a. To practise as a physician.
(Usually in v2. sd. or pr. pple.)
1865 Mrs. Witney Gayworthys ii, Preaching ran in the
King family; as politics or doctoring, sailoring or soldiering
run in some others. 1885 Harfer’s Mag. Jan. 205/1, [know
more about doctoring. k
b. To take medicine, undergo medical treat-
ment. In recent Dicts.
Hence Doretored f//. a., Do'ctoring vi/. sb. ;
also Do’ctorer, one who doctors.
1533 SirT. sone ie xlv. Wks. 915/2 If this pacifyer’s doc-
toring [i. e. citing of doctors] wer a good profe. 1832 Bas-
BaGE Lcon, Manuf. xv. (ed. 3) 135 A mode of preparing old
clover and trefoil seeds by a process called ‘doctoring’.
x85r Tuackeray Eng. Hum. iii. (1858) 143 Most men's
letters .. are doctored compositions. 1882 T. W. Knox in
Harper's Mag. Dec. é 1 The at are wines. .need no
doctoring. 1885 Mrs. C. Prarp Head Station 15 Serving out
doctored grog. 1887 Turina in Fraud. Educ. ane 297 Any
master of language, as distinct from a doctorer of words.
Doctoral (dg*ktéral), a. [fas prec. +-an: cf.
F. doctoral, It. dottorale.|
1. Of or belonging to a doctor (i.e. a man of emi-
nent learning, a professional teacher, or one who
has received the degree of Doctor).
1563-87 Foxr A. & M. Let. Bp. Hereford an. 1391 (R.),
The golden laurell of teaching doctorall, is not from aboue
indifferently euery mans gift. 1644 Mitton Jdgm. Bucer
1870 Daily News 5 Dec., The shibboleth of |
DOCTORS’ COMMONS.
Wks. 1738 I. 278 O that I could set him living before ye in
that Doctoral Chair, where once the learnedest of Bneland!
thought it no disparagement to sit at his feet! 1651 BaxTER
Inf. Bapt. 121 The Authority of Synods in matters of Faith
is Doctorall and declarative, and not decisively Judiciall.
1849 Macautay Hist. Eng. II. 277 To receive from an
university the privilege of wearing the doctoral scarlet.
+b. Holding the position of a doctor or teacher.
a 1603 T. Cartwricut Confut. Rhem. N. T. (1618) 575
When the elder Doctors..faile them, they might goe to Sor-
bona. .to furnish them of Doctorall witnesses. 1604 ‘TookER
Fabrique of Ch. 55 The Elders Doctorall or Pastorall are
woorthy of double honour. ; ae
2. Belonging to or characteristic of a physician
or medical man. (s07ce-25€.)
1892 STEVENSON Across the Plains 17 A native .. pro-
nounced it, with a doctoral air, ‘a fever and ague morning’.
Hence Do‘ctorally adv.,in the manner ofa doctor;
as a doctor.
1s80 G. Harvey Three Witie Lett. 12 Very solemnly
pawsing awhyle, most gravely, and doctorally [I] proceeded
as followeth. 1627 Hakewitt Afol. Iv. x. § 2 (1630) 428
‘The Physitions dayly resorted to him to touch his pulse, and
consider in Colledge of his desease, doctorally at their depar-
ture. «1660 Hammonp HW’ss. 1V. 671 (R.) Sinning doctorally,
and magisterially..even setting up a school of Atheism.
Doctorate (dgktorct), 56.1 [ad. med.L. doc-
torat-us, f. doctor Doctor: see -ATE!. Cf. F. doc-
torat (16th c.).] The degree of Doctor.
1676 W. Row Contn. Blair's Autobiog. xii. (1848) 373
Make the doctorate a stirrup to mount him to Prelacy. 1775
Jounson Let. to Boswell 7 Feb., No man not a Doctor can
.. practice Physick but ty Licence particularly granted.
The Doctorate is a licence of itself. 1858 Masson AZiltox
I. 119 ‘The Doctorates of Law and Medicine. 1882-3 ScHarr
Lucycl. Relig, Knowl. 1. 651 The evolution of the doctorate
as a third university degree above that of master cannot be
distinctly traced.
+ Doctorate, 7//. a. and sb.2 Obs. [ad. med.
or mod.L. doctordt-us made a doctor: cf. doctor-
andus in Tu Cange.] a. ppl. a. Made a doctor.
b. sé. One who has received the degree of Doctor.
159t GREENE Disc. Coosnage i. (1592) 20 One..that for
his skill might haue been Doctorat in his misterie. 1651
Life Father Sarpi (1676) 13 Master, (which is the Title of
the Doctorates in Theology).
Doctorate (dektore't), v. Now rare. [f. med.
or mod.L. doctdvare to make doctor: sce -ATE 3.]
trans. To confer the degree of Doctor upon; also
absol. to penicpphaglegree of Doctor.
| wtadorrordre, to take or giue the degree ofa
doctor, to doctorate. 1637-50 Row Hist. Aurk (1842) 261
‘They behoued to be doctorated. @ 1661 Futter MWorthies
1. (1662) 237 Going afterwards to Oxford he was doctorated
in Divinity. 1774 Warton //ist. Eng. Poetry II. x1. 395
After-wards doctorated in medicine at Oxford. 1886 Lauriz
Universities vii. 123 Even after Salernum had a teacher of
law..it could not doctorate in law.
Doctoress: see Doctress.
Doctorial (dpkté-rial), a. [f. L. type *doc-
tort-us (cf. senatorius, titorius, etc.) + -AL.] Of
or belonging to a doctor: = Docrorat,
1729 Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 453, I cannot account for
the doctorial degrees given all to Non-subscribers by the
College of Edinburgh. ¢1730 J. Earve in Calamy's Life
II. 513 So, when our Universities Doctorial honours give,
‘Tis not our merit they declare, But their prerogative.
1843 Lerevre Life Trav, Physic. 1. 1. vi. 105 Had not
my doctorial title been specified in my passport.
Hence Docto‘rially adv., as a doctor.
1858 TRottore Dr. Thorne iii, That a doctor should not
laugh at all when called in to act doctorially.
Doctorism (dgktoriz'm). [f. Docror sd. +
-IsM.] The principles or practice of doctors ; a
saying characteristic of a doctor.
1661 K.W. Conf. Charac., Detracting Empirick (1860) 66
Hocus pocusses of doctorisme. 1825 Lockuart Let. 19 Nov.
in Smiles Live ¥. Murray (1891) 11. xxvii. 224 The Doctors
uttering doctorisms on the occasion.
Do:ctorize, v. vare. [f. as prec. + -IZE.] trans.
To confer the degree of Doctor upon ; to doctor.
1600 E. Blount Hos/. /ucur. Fooles 13, 1 meane to returne
to my towne of Tripalda, doctorized thus by your grace and
favour. 31850 Prescott Let. to G. Ticknor 26 June in Life,
Lord Northampton and I were Doctorized in due form. :
Hence Doctoriza‘tion,the conferring of a doctor’s
degree. ‘ In recent Dicts.
Doctorly (dg'ktasli), a. [f. as prec. + -Ly!.]
Like, characteristic of, or befitting a doctor ; having
the position or character of a doctor.
1563-87 Foxe A. & M. Life Tindale (R.), The doctourly
prelates. did. (1596) 1526 (R.) This doctourlie disputa-
tion. 1657 TomLinson Renon’s Disp. Pref., Witha Doctorly
arrogance. 1888 Freeman in W, R. W. Stephens Life §
Lett. (1895) 11. 386, I am still writing upstairs, in a gown
scarlet but not doctorly.
Doctors’ Commons. [See Commons 3b.]
The common table and dining-hall of the Associa-
tion or College of Doctors of Civil Law in London ;
hence, the buildings occupied and used by these as
an incorporated Society’ and now the name of the
site of these, to the south of St. Paul’s Cathedral.
The Society was formed in 1509 by civilians entitled to
plead in the Court of Arches. In 1768 they were incor-
porated under the name of ‘the College of Doctors of Laws
{of Oxford and Cambridge] exercent in the Ecclesiastical
and Admiralty Courts’. In the buildings of Doctors’
Commons were held five courts, viz. the Court of Arches,
Prerogative Court of Canterbury, Court of Faculties or
Dispensations, Consistory Court, and High Court of
; 72*-2
DOCTORSHIP.
Admiralty; the business included all matters of ecclesias-
tical law, prosecutions for By i divorce suits, licences
for Ity and Prize
cases, etc. ‘The Society was discolved in 1858 and the
buildings were taken down in 1867. Literary references
to Doctors’ Commons in later times usually refer to the |
registration or probate of w’ to e licences, or
to (0 proceedings for divorce. we vasien 2
1680 J. Govotrnin Refertor. Canon. (ed. 2) App. 10
Doctors of the Civil Laws to the Number of Thirteen in |
* assembled together al the common Dining-Hall of
Doctors Commons in don. ax690 Br. T. Bartow Kem.
65 (T.) A dignitary of our church..had been at Doctors-
Comscan: and there fee’d one of the doctors, who is a
judge of one of those courts where matrimonial causes are
conusable. 1705 Hickerincitt Priest-cr. ~ y. Cp 210
Another calls to the — the Ja tor’s-
Ce ,and the H. 708 Mrs.
Body ww. iv, With this Proviso that seg To-morrow Morning
‘wads me. He is now Pats to Doctors-Commons for a
Licence. 1813 Byron Waltz xiii, Search Doctors’ Com-
mons. 1819 — Fuan i. xxxvi, No choice was left his feel-
ings or his pride, Save death or Doctors’ Commons. 1854
Puituore /nternat. Law Pref. (1873) 37.
Doctorship (dgkta:fip). [f Docror sd. +
-SHIP.]
1. The degree of Doctor; =Doctorate sé.!
1586 Ferns Blas. Gentrie 33 Invested with the degree of
Doctorship. 1647 Ciarenvon “ist. Ked. 1. § 189 After he
had received all the graces and degrees, the proctorship and
the doctorship. 1807 W. Taytor in Ann. Rev. V. 178 They
coveted doctorship. 1891 Nation (N. Y.) 17 Dec. 464/3
A thesis written for the doctorship in letters.
2. The position, character, or function ofa doctor,
teacher, or learned man; teaching, instruction ;
eminent learning or scholarship.
1598 FLorio, Dottoraggine, doctorship. a 1603 T. Cart-
wriGut Confut. Rhem. N. 7°. (1618) 299 They were taught
of the Holy Ghost, through the immed iate Mastership or
Doctorship of Christ. 1 *R. Bute’ tr. Dedekindus’
Grobianus 252 Your Worship and your Doctorship display.
1838 Fraser's Mag. XVII. 703, 1 must here break off,
fascinating as is German doctorship, soothing as is German
dullness.
3. The function or practice of a physician ;
medical skill or attendance.
1640 Brome Antipodes Epil., Whether my cure be perfect
yet or no, It lies not in my doctor- ship to know. 1856 /'a/t's
Mag. XXIII. 515 Would the sick be less likely to recover.
under gratuitous doctorship ?
4. The personality or dignity of a doctor; used
humorously or ironically as a title.
1610 Br. Hart Afol. Brownists 25 Why then doth his
Doctor-shippe parallell these two? 1 Brit. Apollo WU.
No. 19. 3/2 A poor Fidler.. Your Doctorship here does Peti-
tion. 1823 /.xaminer 787/2 His Reverend Doctorship.
Doctress dp ktrés), doctoress (dg*ktorés).
Also 7 doctrisse. [f. Docror: prob. in part a,
F. doctoresse (15th c.), or repr. a mod.L. *doctrissa;
see -ESS.] A female doctor. (Now only used
when sex is emphasized; in which case also
woman-doctor, lady-doctor, are more common.)
1. A female teacher ; a woman of eminent learn-
ing; a woman who has a doctoral degree. ? Ods.
(In the last sense, doctor is now applied to both sexes.)
a. 1549 CHALONER Erasm. on Folly Riva, I must be borne
with, beyng but a younge doctresse. 1612 CHAPMAN
i “iddowes. T. Plays 1873 III. 29 Thou speak'st like a
Doctrisse in thy facultie. 1635 A. Starrorp Fem. Glory
(1869) 124 Who being a Doctresse, scorn’d not to be a Dis-
ciple. 1741 Lapy Pomrrert Lett. (1805) III. 179 The famous
doctress signora Laura Bassi. 1882 Anowledge No. 17.362
Doctress Kingsford..and some of her confréres appear to
misinterpret the position which I have assumed.
1626 tr. Boccalini 71 (T.) Glorying..to be called the
doctoress of all nations, 1689 Evetyn Let. to Pepys
12 Aug., Hellen Cornaro. .received the degree of Doctoresse
at Padua.
b. Applied to things personified as feminine.
137 Sranynurst Descr, Jrel.in Holinshed V1. Ep. Ded.,
earned. Gorge seh an historie - 3 the life of memorie,
= doctresse of behaviour. 1 ‘mond for Parrat 7
_ ag tongd doctresse Dame =
emale physician or medical practitioner.
a. 1577 B Gooce Heresbach's Hush. (1586) _191b, The
women,,take upon them to bee great doctresses in physicke.
1718 Quincy Compl. Disp. 104 —— of Hartshorn is
much more in Esteem amongst Family Doctresses, 1801
Bioomrietp Rural 7. (1802) 35 His Wife the Doctress of
the neighb'ring Poor. iss Drury Called Resc. I. vi.
148 Her young friend's skill as a bird and dog doctress.
B. Tryon Way to Health 66 Unless the excellent
rey iA Sobriety be their Doctoress, 1830 /raser’s Mag. 1.
Let the healing doctoress come.
- humorously. A doctor's wife or daughter. (Cf.
Ger. Frau Doktorin.)
1748 Gray Let. to Dr. T. Wharton Wks. 1884 Il. 185
After having made my compliments to the god-mothers of
the little Doctress. ee rting Mag.
doctor .. came accom by his lady Mrs. D
benef RE Busie |
RXV, 8 The |
572
+ Doctrinable, . Ods. rare. [f. Docrninu
| sb. or UV. +-ABLE.] Fit for instruction; instruc-
| tive.
1581 Sipney Re ge wry on) F Then pase eany ted is
more doctrinable oe Gee. Fxccahes then
true Cyrus in oa ene
| Doctrinaire (dgktrinéos), sd. (a.)_[a. F. doc-
trinatre (14th c.), ad, L. *doctrinarius, f, doc-
| trina Doctrine: see -ARY.] A. sb.
1. Fr. Hist. One of a political party which arose
in France soon after 1815, ‘having for their object
and doctrine the establishment and preservation of
constitutional government, and the reconciliation
of authority and liberty, royalty and national
representation.” (Townsend A/anual of Dates.)
They were looked upon by members of the two extreme
parties as speculative politicians holding a ‘doctrine’ not
within the range of practical politics.
1820 Edin. Rev. XXXIV. 38 (Stanf.) There is at Paris
a small set of speculative politicians called doctrinaires.
1834 Spectator 15 Nov. 1086/2 Do not be cajoled by any
stupid stories .. about the Doctrinaires oing out of office
on any question of principle. . Ketty tr.
L. Blanc’s Hist. Ten Y. WU, . was a doc-
trinaire. But though that designation had no political
meaning; though it expr a manner of being, rather
than a manner of thinking, still there adhered to it some
indescribable tincture of unpopularity which was totally
indelible.
2. Hence, One who holds some doctrine or theory
which he tries to apply without sufficient regard
to practical considerations; a pedantic theorist.
(Often applied as a term of reproach by ‘ practical ’
men, to those whom they consider talking or writ-
ing theorists. )
1831 Ldin. Rev. LIT. 454 (Stanf.) A system may be the
| truest possible whilst argued on ¢# vacuo, in the cabinet of
a Doctrinaire. 1839 Heirs Friends in C. Ser. 1. II. x.
= The way to answer these doctrinaires is to turn to facts.
1 Gr. Durr Teachings Cobden, ‘Those are only justly
oa led doctrinaires who insist on acting in season and out
of season upon the doctrines which they profess. 1887
Marra chief vii. 197 They got astride of this favourite
hobby-horse of the doctrinaires. 1888 Lowett Pr. Wks.
(1890) II. 193 Practical politicians, as they call themselves,
-have substituted doctrinaire for fedant as the term of
reproach. ‘ —_
B. adj. Pertaining to, or of the character of, a
doctrinaire; wedded to a particular doctrine or
theory and seeking to apply it in all circumstances ;
merely theoretical or speculative.
Spectator 22 Nov. 1112/2 A Cabinet .. with an old.,
employé of the Empire at the head, and a Doctrinaire
Minister of Justice at the tail. 1873 H. Srexcer Stud.
Sociol. xv. 362 The re-iterations of doctrinaire politicians.
1879 M. Pattison J/i/ton 120 Would Milton take his stand
upon doctrinaire republicanism? 1880 DisraeLi Endym. i,
Don’t you be too doctrinaire..you and I are practical men,
Doctrinairism (dg:ktriné*riz’m). [f. prec. +
-1sM.] The principles or practice of a doctrinaire ;
pedantic adhesion to a doctrine or theory without re-
gard to practical considerations ; doctrinarianism.
1836 R. H. Froupe in ¥. H. Newnan's Lett. (1891)
I. 151 Theim utation of a little doctrinaireism. 1837 Tait’s
Mag.1V. 454 Eclecticism, or Doctrinairism, is a philosophy
marvellously suited to Profi from such circumstances. 1852
Fraser's Mag. XLVI. The de! pra of his views saved
him from mere dottciasictaan, Srecey in Macm. Mag.
Jan. 179/1 The same public se despises doctrinairism in
politics, is just as decided and united in despising every-
thing but doctrinairism i in nat
(do*ktrina doktrai: nal), a. and sé,
[The sb. was a. F. doctrinal (13th c. in Littré); the
adj. was perh. more directly ad. late L. doctr: indl-is
(Isidore), f. doctrina learning, doctrine : see -AL.
The historical pronunciation, from L. doctrind’dis, Fr. and
ME. doctrina’l is de'ctrinal (so Bailey, Todd); doctrinal
g. ) passes over ‘the actual L., Fr. and ME. words, to reach
¢ ulterior doctrina.]
yj.
1. Of or pertaining to doctrine; containing or
inculcating a doctrine or doctrines. Doctrinal
Puritans, those whose pao had reference to
doctrines rather than disci say ed or ceremonial.
| _ 1570 Levins Mani, rinall, doctrinalis, x6xx
Brete Transl. yor as (bs 3 in ago ints that con-
cerne sal Cia ved. 1. § 191 He
had some doctrinal re whieh oe liked not. 1
Neat fist. Purit. 1. 579 The bee een were.
with the character of Doctrinal Puritans. J ENNINGS &
Dopprivce Pref. to Watts’ Improv. Mind 1, A doctrinal
controversy, 1856 Froupe Hist. Eng. 1. aS If he believed
that in their doctrinal conservatism they knew and meant
what they were saying.
+b. Derived from instruction. Ods. rare.
| 1628 H Thucyd. 1. xxxix, When .. upon natural
rather than doctrinal valour [uy pera vépeow 7d mAciov #
Sa M Red as R I. The
so oe mr x 1Ss woven e aM gon ‘ose 1. 253 }
hall door,
+ Doctri‘ce. Ovs. [ad. L. doctrix, -tric-em
female teacher, fem. of doctor; perh. through an
obs. F. *doctrice.] A female teacher: in quots.
used of things personified ; = prec. 1 b,
¢ 1450 tr. De Jmitatione wu. ix, Pi grace. .is maistresse of
trou eee of discipline, lizt of be herte. 1548 Upaut
Erasm. Par. Luke i. 27 The sors tongue..
doctrice and auauncer of carnall obseruaunces. x J.
Knewstus Con/ut. Heresies (1579) 18a, Marie. .signifieth
with him a doctrice,
ing..the |
j avipias] we come to undertake any
} +3. Serving to teach or instruct; instructive,
| didactic. Ods.
1597 Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. xxi. § 3 The word of God..
serueth then only in the nature of a doctrinall mae
@ 1632 G. Hersert Country Parson xxviii, Ina doctrinal
way, saying to the contemner, abe why do you thus? a
Mitton Ch. Govt. 11, (1851) 1 plored those Seager d
constitutions, wherein So) Euripides raigne shall
be Bs more doctrinal and ona a
t i The title of a text-book on grammar by Alex.
DOCTRINE.
de Villedieu; by extension, a book of instruction
: any subject ; a text-book. Ods.
Cov. Myst. ee RPong Mody Bg
a
Doctrynal
v3 [see Caan. » Bascuae Shyp - Folys (1874) L
be Sea ea olde doctrinall / Felts 1531
Exyor Gov. 1. doctrinall
| nt Pe a ne
HART R
unto him Hagotio, 24 An 9 G
+b. transf. An instructor. Obs. rare.
1503 Hawes Se cadena A xiii. Bn dpaie 55 Also saynt
—— the noble Whiche evermore was a good
2. Zi. Matters’ or points of doctrine or instruction.
1619 S. Warp in Ussher’s Lett. (1686) 68 Our consent was
ealyabnd for Doctrinals, not for matters touching Discipline,
1681 Baxter Afol. Nouconf. Min, 48 We differ in Doctrinals
as well as in Ceremony. 1718 Wodrow Corr. (2843) IL
The. .controversy shank doctrinals is ee revived,
J. G. Wirkinson, Hum. Sc. § Div. Revel. \xv. 212 Doc-
trinals are the indispensable readers of all reality.
Hence Doctrinalism, the laying of stress on
doctrinal matters; Doctrinalist, a strict adherent
to doctrine; Doctrina‘lity, doctrinal character.
1846 De Quincey Christianity Wks. X11. 278 bes doc-
trinality of our religion. 1860 Froupe Hist. Eng. V. 356
The Papists were put out of the way. doctrinalists
were promoted to honour. 1869 Ibid. z. (1870) XIL. 550 Theo-
of fa | 1894 Thinker
logical doctr out
V.447 Driven. on other extreme of rigid doctrinalism.
(see prec.), adv. [f. prec. + -LY?.]
In a doctrinal manner or form ; in res; of, or as
a matter of, doctrine; by way of teaching.
1633 Ames "Agst. Cerem. UW. 371 Writing on the second
Commandement doctrinally. Penn Addr. Prot. u.
iii. (1692) 87 Christ Jesus neat and his Apostles .. have
doctrinally laid it down. De For Yure Div. Pref.
If my Opinion be really in it self, Doctrinally Sound. 1869
Happan Afost. Succ. iii. (1879) 58 Churches organically
complete but doctrinally corrupt.
(dgktriné*rian), sb. and a. [f.
L. type *doctrinari-us (DOCTRINAIRE) + -AN.]
A. sb. +1. pl. The Brethren of Christian Doc-
trine, or Christian Brothers (F. doctrinatres), a lay
order instituted at Rheims in 1680 by J. B. de la
Salle, to teach gratuitously the principles of religion
and the elements of primary instruction. Oés.
7 Gentl. Mag. 570 Other amphibious kinds, whic!
es Regulars nor Seculars, as Jesuits, torians, Doc-
trinarians, Lazarists. 1794 Barrvet Hist. Clergy Fr. Rev.
(+795) 161 [He] had been ed dina lar congreg:
by the Doctrinarians.
. = DocrriINalRE 5d.
1836 J. H. Newman Discuss. § Argts. (1872) 19 Pro-
testantism is embodied in a system; so is rays Se
when a man takes up this Via Media, ‘he is a mere rin-
arian—he is wasting his efforts in delineating an invisible
hantom. 1840 IT. Hook in Mew —— Press LX. 164
ngland has its sect of doctrinarians as well as F;
. adj, = DOCTRINAIRE @., Docrrixany.
878 E. Jenkins //averholme 101 A stiff and doctrinarian
potticlen of the Whig school.
Hence Doctrina* doctrinairism.
1877 D. M. Wattace Russia v. 82 The latest products of
French doctrinarianism
(dg'ktrinari), @. ad, F. doctri-
naire: see above and -aky !,] ol ing an abstract
doctrine and seeking to a: it in all circum-
stances; = Page a yp oe ts
1850 Hare Mission C against the doc-
trinary school. 1860 yon wallow B. ii. 33
His. -doctrinary republicanism, 1893 Nat, Observer 15 Apr.
535/1 Doctrinary pedants,
Hence Doctrina‘rity, quality of a doctrinaire.
@ 1869 Lp. Srrancrorp Lett, etc. 235 ( (D.) Excess * eae
trinarity and excess in ear
their mark on the new political gosutios.
Do'ctrinate, v. arch. [f. med.L. mires,
Fa to teach, instruct, f.doctrina: see -ATE® 5.
trans. Toteachorinstruct; = DocrainE 2. a.; adbsol.
To give instruction (on a "subject 3Theyw dectrinate ™
Heywoop Eng. Elis. (1641) a nati
end’ lnntreteds other ta e
Six T. 5 a 7 ed. Thome are
om eS io wey oy Metem-
<a of oe ae Fuller's Abel Rediv., Chy-
tracus 421 M doctrinated. 1840
him
Marryat Olla Par jell Y ole On that..you have not
ods Dir ) 56 Th Seca .wasa ine to
Sac: fe. 67 ee cee Re. Tatler
No. 11 Pa Doctrines on this the most..empty
of all the Labours of ~eeheamar:
+b. Public instruction ; eae Obs.
1560-78 Bk. Paes Ch. ee med wth
convene to can
-
DOCTRINE.
Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I. 250 Adter doctrin, he lyikwiese
ministrat the Lordis Table. 1600 J. Metvitt Diary
‘odrow Soc.) 33, I saw him everie day of his doctrine go
lie and fear. .to the Paroche Kirk.
2. That which istaught. a. In the most general
sense: Instruction, teaching ; a body of instruction
or teaching.
ape Wycur Tit. ii. 10 In alle thingis schewing good
feith, that thei ourne in alle thingis the doctryn of oure
sauyour God. ¢1400 Maunpev, (1839) xii. 133 The Gos-
Iles, in the which is gode doctryne. 1483 Caxton Cato 3
n this smal lytyl booke is conteyned a short. .doctryne for
all maner of peple. 1500-20 Dunnar Poems xli. 7 Be rewlyt
rycht and keip this doctring. xg02 Ord. Crysten Men (W.
de W. 1 o6) Pol 2 Foloweth a shorte doctryne..in y®
whiche shal be spoken. .of fyue thynges. 1526-34 TINDALE
Matt. xvi. 12 He bad not them beware of the leven of breed :
but of the doctrine of the Pharises. 1845S. Austin Ranke's
Hist, Ref. Il. 179 They next proceeded to consider the
points of doctrine and life. 185r Robertson Sevmz. Ser. 11.
110 In Scripture, doctrine means broadly, teaching: any-
thing that is taught is doctrine, ;
b. esp. That which is taught or laid down as
true concerning a particular subject or department
of knowledge, as religion, politics, science, etc. ;
a belief, theoretical opinion; a dogma, tenet.
1382 Wycuir Ja/t. xy. 9 ‘Techynge the doctrines and
maundements of men. 1485 Caxton Paris § V’. Prol., The
book of his doctrines. 1509 FisHer Fun. Serm. C'tess
Richmond Wks. (1876) 308 To publysshe the doctryne &
fayth of cryste Ihesu. 1605 Bacon Adv. Learn. i. xxv.
§ 20, 116 The doctrine of the nature of God. 1712 Appison
Spect. No. 269 P 10 To vent among them some of his
Republican Doctrines. 1725 Warts Logic 1v. ii. Rule 6,
The doctrine of the sacred Trinity. 1778 Burke Corr.
(1844) 1L. 242 That doctrine of the equality of all men,
which has been preached by knavery, and so greedily
adopted by malice, envy, and cunning. 1860 WesrcoTT
Introd. Study Gosp. viii. (ed. 5) 405 Difficulties in applying
the great doctrine of gravitation. 1893 Sir J. W. Cuirry in
Law Times Rep. UXVILL. 430/1 To hold that mere oral
assent to the new lease operates asa surrender in law would
be a most dangerous doctrine.
ce. Monroe doctrine (U.S. politics): the name
applied (since about 1848) toa principle or series of |
principles of policy put forward in, or deduced
from, the Message of President Monroe to Con-
gress, 2 Dec. 1823.
In this it was declared that ‘we should consider any
attempt’ on the part of the Allied European Powers ‘to
extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as
dangerous to our peace and safety’; that ‘any interposition,
for the purpose of oppressing’ the recently revolted Spanish-
American colonies, ‘or controlling in any other manner their
destiny, by any European Power’ would be viewed ‘as the
manifestation of an unfriendly disposition towards the United
States’; and that ‘the American continents should no longer
be subjects for any new European colonial settlement’.
1848 I. E. Hotes in Congress. Globe 29 Apr. giz The
President [Polk] had taken the opportunity of reiterating
a doctrine which was said to be the doctrine of Mr. Monroe.
1858 Sw (Bali.) 30 Oct. (Bartlett), If we now fall back on
the Monroe doctrine, we, shall see the difference between
an abstraction and its application in practice. 1866 LowELt
Seward-Fohnson Reaction Prose Wks. 1890 V. 323 The
South should put in practice at home that Monroe Doctrine
of which it has always been so clamorous a supporter. 1895
Mra. or Sarissury Disp. 26 Nov. (Times 18 Dec. 7/2)
The application of the Monroe doctrine to the question of
the boundary dispute between V: la and the colony of
British Guiana. 1896 Daily News 7 Mar. 4/6 It was
during this contest between Spain and her insurgent
colonists that President Monroe, in 1823, at the instigation
of Mr. Canning, laid down in a Message to Congress the
famous ‘doctrine’ which bears his name.
3. A body or system of principles or tenets; a
doctrinal or theoretical system; a theory; a science,
or department of knowledge. ? Ods.
1594 West 2nd Pt. Symbol. § 100 F, I haue. .laid downe
the doctrine of Instruments. 1666-7 Pepys Diary 16 Feb.,
[He] understands the doctrine of musique. 1667 PrimatT
Cit: C, Build. 160 Measure the same by the Doctrine
of Triangles. 1709-29 V. Manvey Syst. MJath., Astron.
Pref. 248 Astronomy is a Doctrine or Science. 1754 Cuat-
HAM Lett. Nephew 48 A.. notion of .. the solar system:
together with the doctrine of comets. 1836-7 Sir W.
Hamitton Metaph. (1877) I. viii, 130 Psychology therefore,
is the discourse or doctrine treating of the human mind.
+4, Learning, erudition, knowledge. Ods.
¢1400 Beryn 1245 Thow art xx wynter, and nau3t hast of
doctryne. 1483 Caxton CatoGj, The man whiche is with-
out doctryne is like thymage of deth. 1563-7 BucHaNaNn
Reform. St. Andros Wks. (1892) 12 The principal to be ane
man of. .sufficient doctrine to ae the regentis absens in
are: x6or Suaks. Al's Well 1. iii. 247 The Schooles
Em wel'd of their doctrine.
+5. Discipline. Obs. rare.
wity Ler Niger in Househ. Ord. 78 These officers should
be marked and ordered after theyre .. behavioure .. or elles
to be at the doctryne conveniente in the countynghouse.
~ «1533 Lv. Brrners-Gold, Bk. M, Aurel. (1546) Pv, The
doctrine of sones and doughters was enlarged, and theyr
bridell let go at libertee.
6. attrib. and Comb.
@1716 Sourn Ser. V. 31 To give those doctrine and use-
men, those pulpit-engineers their due. 1879 BArinc-Goutp
Germany 11. 194 When the exci of doctri hi
was over, the laity grew listless. is
+ Doctrine, v. Ods. [a. OF. doctrine-r, ad.
med.L. doctrinare, f. doctrina: see DocrRinatE.]
trans. a. To teach or instruct (a person) ; b. To
teach, give instruction in (a science, etc.).
1475 Bk. Noblesse 77 Henry duke of Lancastre..had sent
tohym. .yong knightis, to be doctrined, lerned, and broughte
573
up..in scole ofarmes. 1530 PAtsGR. 523/2, He hath ben well
doctryned: 7 @ esté fort bien endoctriné. 1549 Compl.
Scot. vi. 46 Phisic, astronomye and natural philosophie, var
fyrst prettikit and doctrinet be vs. 1648 Gace West [nd,
xvii. (1655) 112 They doctrined me as a novice.
Hence Doctrined f//. a.
1627 W. Sciater Ex. 2 Thess. (1629) 137 Take view of
their doctrined practises, in deuotion to God, Carriage to
men, to our selues.
Doctrinism (dg ktriniz’m). [f. Docrrine sd.
+-1sM.] Adherence to, or setting forth of, doc-
trine. So Do‘ctrinist, one who propounds, or
adheres to, doctrine.
1840 G. S. Faser Regeneration 328 Our aim is to be
Primitive, not Tridentine, Doctrinists. 1872 TuLtocu
Ration, Theol. 1. ii. 43 The most memorable exception to
this fair and conciliatory doctrinism of the Church of Eng-
land ..is to be found in the famous Lambeth Articles.
1883 Manch. Guard. 13 Oct. 7/4 The mere doctrinism
of the Congress being inadequate for the requirements of
the age. 189r G. Macponatp 7here §& Back II. xxxv.
226 Neither ascetic nor mystic nor doctrinist..she believed
in God.
Doctrinize (dpktrinaiz), v. [f. Docrrine sd.
+ -1ZE.] intr. To form doctrines or theories; to
speculate, theorize. Hence Doctriniza‘tion.
1836 R. M. MeCueyne ¥rv/. in Aen. (1866) 55 The error
of those who speculate or doctrinize about the Gospel.
1852 Fraser's Mag. XLV. 570 Stories about animals. .are
generally spoiled by the same mistaken doctrinization.
+ Do‘ctrix. Obs. [a. L. doctrix, fem. of doctor
Doctor.] A female doctor: = Docrress.
1604 Parsons 37d 4. Three Convers. Eng. xv. 254 Alice
Driuer, a famous doctrix, 1635 Pacitt Christianogr. 1. ii.
(1636) 53 This country of Palestine is called..the nurse of
the prophets, the doctrix of the Apostles. 1746 in Edgar
Old Ch. Life Scot, (1885) 270 note, In 1746 a ‘doctrix’ was
consulted in Galston about the recovery of a sick child.
Document (dgkizmént), sd. [a. OF. document
lesson, written evidence (12th-13th c. in Hatz.-
Darm.), ad. L. document-um lesson, proof, instance,
specimen, in med.L.also written instrument, charter,
official paper, f. docére to teach.]
+1. Teaching, instruction, warning. Ods.
c¢1450 Henryson Wor. ad. 58 Despysing thus her hail-
some document, The fowles. .tuke their flight. 1503 Hawes
Examp. Virt. Prol. iii, All that is wryten is to oure
document. 1660 7rial Regic. 147 Punishment goes to the
prisoner, but examples to the document of all others. 1793
J. Witutams Life Ld, Barrymore 101, | have heard much
document from the Grey Beards of society, delivered to
prove [etc.]. :
+2. An instruction, a piece of instruction, a les-
son; an admonition, a warning. Ods.
1549 T. Some Latimer's Serm. bef. Edw. VI, Ded., In
them are frutefull and godlye documentes. 1620 tr. Boc-
caccio’s Decameron 80b, These were his daily documents
to his young wife. 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 87 P 10
‘There are..few to whom it is not unpleasing to receive
documents. 1769 Sir J. Reynotps Disc. ii. (1876) 328
Even bad pictures themselves supply him with useful
documents. ¢ 1800 Lanpor in Parry's Wks. (1828) VIII.
48, I will give him some documents which shall enlighten
his judgment at the expence of his skin.
+3. That which serves to show, point out, or
prove something; evidence, proof. Chiefly with
dependent cl. Obs.,
1459 Charters of Peebles (Burgh Rec. Soc. 1872) 132 And
than be verray document of thaim that herd and saw the
begyning of that bargan the gud men..fand [etc.]. 1533
BELLENDEN Livy tv, (1822) 353 Ane notabil document, that
pluralite of capitanis are unproffittabil in battal. 1614
RaveicH Hist, World vy. iii. § 21. 490 This may serue as
a document of Fortunes instabilitie. 1769 Funinus Lett.
xxvii. P 5 Sufficient care was taken to leave no document
of any treasonable negociation. 1847 Emerson~ Repr.
Men, Napoleon Wks. (Bohn) I. 374 The best document
of his relation to his troops is the order of the day .. in
which [etc.]. A
4. Something written, inscribed, etc., which fur-
nishes evidence or information upon any subject,
as a manuscript, title-deed, tomb-stone, coin,
picture, etc.
1727-51 Cuambers Cycl., Document, in law, some written
monument P Moar ana in proof of any fact asserted..The
antiquity of the foundation of such a church is ptoved by a
number of authentic documents. 1755 MaGEns /usurances
I. 340 As an Authentic Document was required of the fore-
going Declaration, I signed and sealed this to serve where
occasion shall require. 1810 WELLINGTON in Gurw. Desf.
VI. 290, I had got..the emplacement of the whole French
army of the rst June which is a very curious document and
gives a tolerable notion of their whole force in Spain. 1850
Mrs. Jameson Leg. Monast. Ord. (1863) 401 These frescoes
. have become invaluable as documents. 1877-9'F. WHar-
ton Law of Evid. I. u. ix. § 614. 586 A ‘document’..is an
instrument on which is recorded, by means of letters, figures,
or marks, matter which may be evidentially used. :
b. spec. The bill of lading and policy of insur-
ance handed over as collateral security for a foreign
bill of exchange ; hence document-bill.
1858 Simmonps Dict. Trade, Document-bill, an Indian
bill of exchange drawn on London, having as collateral
security the bill of lading and policy of insurance on the
Erods: against a part of the estimated value of these the
ill is drawn.
Document, v. [f. prec. sb.: cf. F. docu-
menter.| +1. trans. To teach, instruct. Ods.
1648 Scottish Mist Dispel'd 32 Upon this principle you
document the Parliament of Fug and about the Kings
power in making laws. 1682 Bunyan Holy War 217 ‘Vhat
| they might be documented in all good and wholesome
DOCUMENTATION.
things. 1739‘R. Buty’ tr. Dedekindus' Grobianus 271 The
Monarch documents him in his Part.
+b. To give a ‘lesson’ to; to instruct or admonish
in an authoritative or imperious manner. Ods.
1690 Drypen Dox Sebastian ww. ii, lam finely documented
by my own daughter! 1778 Franxin Let. Wks. 1889 VI.
161 Yotr letters..in which you, with magisterial “airs,
schooled and documented me, as if I had been one of your
domestics. 1802 Marian Moorr Lascelles 1, 126 She..
entreated Mrs, Carisbrook to send them [the girls] to her..
that she might document them.
2. To prove or support (something) by docu-
mentary evidence.
171x Countrym. Let. to Curat 31 The Historical deduc-
tion before given (sufficiently documented from your own
Writers), 1780 Blue Blanket 4 (Jam.) This city was so
often destroyed, her monuments and charters lost, that her
original cannot well be documented. 1825 ANDERSON //ist,
Ace, Kam. Fraser 79 They are documented in a charter of
confirmation of the lands of Wester Logy.
3. To provide with documents. a. To furnish
(a ship) with the ‘papers’ or documents required
for the manifestation of its ownership and cargo.
1828 Weuster s.v., A ship should be documented accord-
ing to the directions of law. 1848 ArnouLD Mar, Insur.
(1866) I. 1. i. 8 By sailing his ship imperfectly or improperly
documented, he forfeits his right to protection under the
policy, 1884 R. Wueattey in //arfer's Mag. June 60/1
‘To enable such vessels..to be documented and receive an
American register,
b. To furnish (a person) with evidence; to keep
informed or instructed.
1807 W. ‘l'aycorin Ann. Rev. V. 165 A..corroboration to
the statements of that courageous and documented historio-
grapher. 2 Nation (N.Y.)8 Sept. 187/1 It was for a
novel..that he was ‘documenting himself’. 1894 arly
News 20 Dec. 5/4 Statesmen who want to be, as they say
here, ‘well documented’ to resist possible attacks.
Ifence Documented ///. a., Documenting v//.
sb. ; + Do‘cumentor, an indicator.
1684 tr. dgrippa’s Van, Arts \xxxi. 277 There be many
of smaller Animals also that claim a Prerogative in the
Shields of great men, provided they be the Documentors of
mischief: such as Coneys, Moles, Frogs, Locusts, Mice,
Serpents. 1801 Mar. Encewortu Belinda (1857) 4 After
the course of documenting which she had gone through.
1803 W. Tayror in dun. Nev. I. 256 A full, a documented,
a_well-proportioned account. 1886 Aswerican XII. 286
‘There were 256 disasters to documented vessels.
Documental (dp:kivmental, a [f. L. docu-
ment-unt DOCUMENT 5b. +-AL.]
+1. Pertaining to teaching or instruction ;_ in-
structive ; didactic. Ods.
1575 (¢/tle) Documental Sayings as those same were
spoken forth by H[enrick] N[iclas). 1610 Huary SA Avy.
Citte of God Vt. ii. (1620) 227 Varro..though he be not
eloquent yet is he so documental and sententious.
2. Of or pertaining to documents; documen-
tary.
1825 Corrmpce Aids Ref? (1848) 1. 277 The documental
proofs of the same, 1883 H. M. Kennepy tr. Zen Brink's
L. E. Lit. 37 The collection of documental material. 1892
R. Duntop in Academy 10 Sept. 207/3, I think one ought to
say ‘documentary’ and not ‘documental’ evidence.
Documentary (dg:kivmentari), @. [fas prec.
+ -ARYl; cf. F. documentatre.]
1. Of the nature of or consisting in documents.
1802-12 BentHam Rat, Fudic. Evid. (1827) 1.54 Docu-
mentary evidence. 1831 CartyLE Sart. Hes. 11. iii, Various
fragments of Letters and other documentary scraps. 1855
Macavtay Hist, Eng. 1V.178 They were in possession of
documentary evidence which would confound the guilty.
1861 M. Pattison Zss. ("B9) I. 30 Going back beyond the
printed annalists to original and documentary authorities.
2. Affording evidence, evidential. rare.
1843 CarLyLe Past §& Pr. 1. iii, It is an authentic. .fact,
quietly documentary of a whole world of such.
3. Relating to teaching or instruction. rare.
1871 Earte Philol. Eng. Tongue § 52 Long before 1250
we get traces of the documentary use of French. .Trevisa
says it was a new thing in 1349 for children to construe into
English in the Grammar schools.
Hence Docume‘ntarily adv., in the way of a
document; from a documentary point of view.
1857 Ruskin Pol. Econ. Art ii. (1868) 126 These copies..
would be historically and documentarily valuable.
Documentation (dgkizmenté fan). [ad.med.
L. documentation-em admonition, n. of action f.
*documentare to DocUMENT.] The action of docu-
menting or fact of being documented.
+1. Instruction, admonition, ‘lecturing’. Ods.
1754 RicHArRDSON Grandison VI, xxv. 143 Not another
word of your documentations, dame Selby, I am not in a
humour to bear them. 1844 Blackw. Mag. LV. 199 No
end to these chartered documentations of the sex ! a
2. The furnishing of a ship with the requisite
‘papers’.
1884 Harper's Mag. June 60/2 In the registration of a new
vessel, the production. .of the certificate of measurement..
is required in order to documentation. :
3. Preparation or use of documentary evidence and
authorities.
In reference to realistic fiction, applied to the faithful repro-
duction of historical or objective facts. X
1888 Athenzum 17 Mar. 342 Is art simply an affair of
documentation, as the phrase of the day goes Spec-
tator 23 Dec. 919/1 M. Zola..has great industry and is very
painstaking in ‘ docothentuttiat oe Westm, Gaz. 4 July
2/1 There is so much to read up, such documentation to be
exercised, , >
DOCUMENTIZE.
+ Do‘cumentize, v. Ods. [f. Document sé.
+-1ZE.) trans. a. To teach, instruct, give a lesson
to. b. To furnish with evidence. Hence Do'cu-
mentizing vd/. sdb.
1 Nasue Lenten Stuffe 21 Those that be scrutinus..
let them reuolue the Digests of our English discoueries..
and be d ized most locupleatly. 1647 Maids’ Petition
5 Bulcher..with his newly hatcht errors will documentise
our Bulwarks alive or dead. 1682 Mrs. Benn City Heiress
1, i, You'd best carry your nephew..to Church; he wants a
little documentizing chat way. 1734 Nortu £ram. 1, iv.
§ 122. (1740) 294 Being, as he said, it documentised. 1754
Ricuarpson Grandison V1. xxv. 143, I am to be closetted,
and to be documentized. _ ;
Dod, sd.! and inter7. dial. or vulgar.
verations; originally a deformation of God.
Apop; also Dap, BEepDaD.) -
1676 Ernertpce Afan of Mode u. i, A Dod she's too
serious. 1855 Hatisurton Nat. & Hum. Nat. 60 (Bartlett
I'll cut and run, and dot drot meif Idon't. 1892 Northumbld.
Gloss. s.v., Dod! but yor a queer fellow! 1893 STEVENSON
Catriona 14 And, dod ! I believe the day’s come now.
Dod (dgd), 56.2 dial. [Cognate with early mod.
In asse-
(Cf.
574
-ard: cf. DopDLE sb., DODDEREL in same sense.
t it may have been merely a modification of dot-
tard, DotarD (found earlier in same sense) with
fanciful assimilation to Don v.! and its derivatives :
see DoppreRED.] A tree that has lost its head of
branches by decay. In spot. attrib. = Dotan B. 2.
1693 Drypen Persius v.(R.), Another shakes the bed ..
Till .. chalk is in his crippled fingers found; Rots like
a doddard oke, and piecemeal falls to ground.
Dodded, ///. a. north. dial. [f. Dop v.1]
Polled, lopped ; hornless ; awnless.
1440 Promp. Parv. 125/1 Doddyd, wythe-owte hornysse
..incornutus. Ibid. Decert, astrees. 1641 Best Farm.
Bks. (Surtees) 6 Signes of a Goode Ewe. Lett her be
dodded. 1674-91 Ray NV. C. Words 21 Dodded Sheep, i.e.
Sheep without Horns. 1819 Edin. Advertiser 24 Aug.
(Jam.), Extensive sale of improved dodded cattle. 1892
Northumbld. Gloss., Dodded corn, is corn without beards,
Dodder (dp'da1), 6. Also 3-6 doder. [perh.
Common WGer., though not known in OE,
| OS., or OHG. ME. doder=MLG. doder, dodder,
Du. dodde in same sense (‘caulis et spica typha |
palustris’ Kilian); also a stalk, staff, club (‘a
little broach or spit, a reed’ Hexham).] The Reed- |
Mace or Cat’s-tail, 7ypha latifolia.
a 1661 Futter Worthies, Northampton 11. (1662) 290 Dods,
Waterweeds (commonly called by children Cats Tales).
1847-78 HALuIweLt, Dod, the fox-tail reed. North. 1864
Alnwick Mercury 1 Mar. (Britten & Holland), Dod is the
Reedmace (7yfha latifolia, L.)in the north of England.
1882 Frienp Devonshire Plant-n.
Dod, dodd, s).5 north. dial. [Evidently re-
Jated to Dop v.!; app. a specific application
of a sh. of which the primary sense was ‘ rounded
head’: cf. also Doppy.]
In North of England and South of Scotland a
frequent term for a rounded summit or eminence,
either as a separate hill, or more frequently a lower
summit or distinct shoulder or boss of a hill.
Rarely applied to a lower buttress when not rounded, as
Skiddaw Dod. Usually es of a proper name, like
the equivalent Welsh Moed (Fel), but also an appellative.
(1843 Penny Cycl. XXVII. 248/2 (Westmoreland) Of which
[branch] Dod Hill, Place Fell. .and Swarth Fell are summits.]
1878 Cumbld. Gloss., Dod, a round topped fell, generally an
offshoot from a larger or higher mountain. 1879 JENKINSON
Guide Eng. Lakes 233 There are many hills in the district
known by the appellation of Dodd, and they are generally
small and attached to large mountains. 1882 J. Harpy in
/list. Berw, Nat. Club UX. 452 Pike, crag, law, head, know,
dod, edge, rig..predominate in the nomenclature of the
Redesdale eminences. 1886 G. A. Lesour Geol. Northum).
& Durh,ed. 2) 24 Sandand gravel ‘dodds’. 1892 Northumbld.
Gloss., Dodd, a vlunt hill, a butt end of a hill. Its occurrence
is noted thirteen times in place-names in Northumberland. .
The truncated chimney or ventilator of a malt-kiln is called
the kiln-dodd.
Dod, s/.4 Sc. [Gaclic dod peevishness.] A
slight fit of ill-humour ; sullenness, peevishness.
1808 in Jamieson 1823 Gat Extail II. 143/ Jam.) When
she happens, poor body, to tak the dods now and then.
1823 Misses Cornett Petticoat Tales 1. 250 (Jam.) Her
father has ta’en the dods at him.
+ Dod, dodd, a. and fa. pple. Obs.
Dopbeb, q.v.
1449 Pecock Refr. 1. i. 135 He wole haue hise heer
schorne of and his heed to be dod. 1641 Besr Farm, Bks.
MHG. /oter, mod.Ger. dotter, Du. and Da. dodder,
Sw. dodra. Similarity of form has suggested con-
nexion with Ger. do/ter, MHG. toter, OHG. totoro,
tutaro, MDu. doder(e yolk of an egg, as if with
reference to the colour of the flower-clusters of
Cuscuta europwa; but this is a doubtful conjecture.)
1. The common name of the genus Cuscuta, N.O.
Convolvulacex, comprising slender leafless plants,
_ like masses of twining threads, parasitic on flax,
clover, thyme, furze, and other plants.
1265 Voc. Plants in Wr.-Wiilcker 557/11 Cuscute, doder.
1387 Sinon. Barthol. 17 ef piety Hh dint, doder.
©1450 Alphita 154 Rasta lini ..doder uel haynde. 1551
| Turner Herbal 1. Hvb, Doder groweth out of herbes,
and small bushes, as miscelto groweth out of trees. 1578
Lyte Dodoens 11. \viii. 398 Doder is a strange herbe without
leaves and without roote, lyke unto a threed, muche gnarled
and wrapped togither. 1640 Parkinson 7heat, Bot. 11 Wee
call those strings generally by the name of Dodder. 1871-2
H. Macmicran /rue Vine v. 227 The dodder. .is a mere mass
of elastic, pale-red, knotted threads, which shoot out in all
directions over the vine. c
2. Applied locally to some choking or climbing
weeds : see quots.
1878 Cumbld. Gloss., Dodder .. the corn spurrey plant,
Sfergula arvensis. 1884 Cheshire Gloss, s.v. Dother, In
Mid-Ches. Polygonum Convolvulus is called dother.
3. =Dop sé.2 dial.
1891 Rutland Gloss., Dodders, coarse reeds and rushes in
swampy land.
+ Dodder, a. Ods. [f. Dop v.1] =Dopprn.
1614 Markuam Cheap Husb. i. i. (1623) 104 Let them
have by no meanes any hornes, for the dodder Sheepe is the
best breeder. 1868 [see DotTEREL 3).
Dodder (dpda1), v. [A variant of or parallel
formation to Dapper, q.v. Cf. also Torrer.]
1. intr. To tremble or shake from frailty.
1617 Minsneu Ductor, Dodder grasses. .so called because
with the least puff or blast of wind it. .doth as it were dodder
and tremble. 1785 [E. Perronet) Occas. Verses, What is
Life? 173 Where wisdom dodders, and where wanders
peace. 1825 Brockett N.C. Words, Dodder, Dother, to
| shake, to tremble; to nod, as in the palsy of decrepitude.
Short for
(Surtees) 99 White-wheat massledine will outsell dodd-reade |
massledine..grey wheate and long reade will outsell dodde
read oftentimes. 1674 91 Ray NV. C. Words 21 Dodred
Wheat ; is red Wheat without beards.
Dod (ded), v.! Obs. exc. dial. [ME. dodden,
app. from the same root as Dob 5.3; cf. Doppy.
Wedgwood compares Fris. dodd, dadde, lump, clump,
bunch ; but the connexion is doubtful.)
trans. Tomake the top orhead of (anything) blunt,
rounded, or bare ; hence, to clip or poll the hair
of (a person) ; to deprive (an animal) of its horns ;
to poll or lop (a tree), etc. ; also fig. to behead.
atzaag Ancr. R. 422 3e_schulen beon i-dodded [=have
your hair cut] four siden ide 3ere, uorto lihten ower heaued.
a 1307 /’ol. Songs (Camden) 192 Hue nolden take for huem
raunsoun ne ware; Hue doddeth of huere hevedes, fare so
hit fare, 1382 Wycuir Lev, xix. 27 Ne 3e shulen in rownde
dodde heer, ne shave beerde. -— 2 Sam. xiv. 26 Onys in
the 3eer he was doddid, for the heere heuyde hym. cx
Promp. Parv. 125/1 Doddyn trees, or herbys, and ober lyke,
decomo, capulo, 1683 Mrriton Vorke-sh. Dialect 6 We mun
dod our Sheepe. Brockett N. C. Words, Dodd, to
cut wool from and near the tails of sheep.—Doddings, the
cuttings. Dod, to lop, as a tree, is an old word.
Hence Do'dding vé/. sé., the action of clipping
the hair; tonsure.
a1a2ag Ancr. R. 14 Of ower erF .. & of ower blod
letunge. 182g [see above]. ie ALLIWELL, Doddings,
the fore-parts of a fleece of wool. North.
Dod, v.2 Obs. exc. dial. [variant of Dap v.]
trans. Yo beat, knock.
a 1661 Futter Worthies 1. (1662) 47 Our husbandmen in
Middlesex make a distinction between dodding and thresh-
ing of wheat, the former being only the beating out of the
fullest and fairest F ape} -Our comment may be said to have
dodded the Sheriffes of several Counties. 1883 Gd. Words
sie. -dodded our heids down on the desk,
odart, obs. var. of Dorarp,
+Doddard. Os. rare. [app. f. Don v.! to
poll (trees) + -ARD; the formation being parallel to
1894 Cornh. Mag. Mar. 285 He doddered as he spoke.
+ 2. To nod (in sleep). Ods.
16.. Poem (N.) She dodders all day, While the little birds
play; And at midnight she flutters her wings.
3. To proceed or move unsteadily or with totter-
| ing gait; to totter; to potter.
1819 Miss Mitrorp in L’Estrange Life (1870) II. 58 One
| has such pleasure in a along the hedgerows. 1862
' about books and accounts of no great moment.
| dotard (see Dorarp 2) in the same sense.
SaLa Ship Chandler iii. 48 [He] was permitted sas fen
Bs a ‘.
tator 21 Nov. 1544 We must either set [one] up. .once and for
all, or dodder along for another half century with our miser-
able muddle. 1894 Mrs. H. Warp Marcedla 111. 201 Old
Alresford, too, was fast doddering off the stage.
Hence Do'ddering v/. sb. and pp/.a.; Do'dder-
ing-grass, quaking-grass (Britt. & Holl.).
1745 W. Tuomrson Sickness tv. (R.), The sailor hugs thee
to the doddering mast. 1871 Miss Brappon Love/s xlii, A
little old grey-headed man, who. .had an ancient doddering
manner, 1892 Northumbld. Gloss. Dodderin'dicks, the
quivering heads of the .. quaking grass. a
dered (dp'daid), Af/.a. [app. originally a
deriv. of Don z.! to poll or take the top off (a tree).
It is not clear whether it was a contaminated form of
| Doppep ‘polled’, or a mistaken spelling of Doppakrp sé.,
‘doddered oak’ for ‘ doddard oak’ (cf. fodlard willow); while
the matter is complicated by the earlier use of dottard or
In later use there
has been unintelligent association with Dopprr sé.,
perhaps with Dovper v., and its cognates. It is doubtful
whether senses 2 and 3 belong originally to this word.]
1. A word conventionally used (? after Dryden) as
anattribute of old oaks (rarely other trees) ; app. ori-
ginally meaning: Having lost the top or branches,
esp. through age and decay; hence, remaining as a
decayed Eig > P icgpun explained it as ‘ Over-
grown with dodder; covered with supercrescent
plants’; and this explanation, which was manifestly
erroneous, since neither dodder nor any plant like
it grows upon trees, has been repeated in the dic-
tionaries, and has influenced literary , in which
there is often a vague notion of some kind of para-
sitical accretion accompanying or causing decay.
DODDYPOLL.
ul
Rots like a dodder'd Oak. 18x, Rokeby vi. iii, He
passes now the doddered oak, Ye heard the startled raven
H. Mitier Footpr. Creat. x. (1874) 197 Dod-
dered t of vast size, like those of Granton Craig-
leith. 1853 C. Bronte Vil/ette xii, Nasturtiums clustered
beautifully about the doddered orchard giants. 1878 F. S.
Wicuams Mid?. Railw. 2 Doddered wiles by the water-
courses. 1880 Disraett Exdym. xxxiv, Sometimes they
stood before the vast form of some doddered oak.
b. as pa. pple. So Do-ddering fr. pple., be-
coming doddered.
1697 Dryvven neid 11. 703 Near the hearth a laurel grew,
er'd with age [veferrima laurus). 1766 Poetry in
Ann. Reg. 235 The doddering oaks forewarn me of decay.
2. dial, (Cf. DoppEr v.)
847-78 Ha utwe tt, Doddered,confused, shattered, infirm.
ig Whitby Gloss., Dodder d, shattered, dilapidated.
. Of persons: Decayed or impaired with age.
1893 Stevenson Cafr, xv. 173 Auld feckless doddered men.
Dodderel, -ril. dial. [f. Don v.!: ef. Dov-
DERED, also DorrEREL (in same sense).] (See
quots. )
1847-78 Haturwett, Dodderel,a pollard. Warw. 1881
Leicestersh. Gloss., Dodderil, a pollard tree. 1891 Rutland
Gloss. s.v., The boundary is by yon old dodderil oak.
Do-dder- s. dial. [f. Dopper v.] Pro-
perly, Quaking-grass, Briza media; also called
doddering-grass, doddle-grass, doddering dicks, etc.
Sometimes loosely applied locally to species of
Bromus, Festuca, Poa, or other loose-panicled
grasses.
1617 [see Dopper v. 1).
Dawther, A certain long s
or dawther in Kent. [App. some Bromus.)
Gloss., Doddlegrass, Briza media, or quaking ss, called
in the north ‘doddering dick’, 1878-86 Brrrren & Hottanp
Plant-n., Dodder Grass, Brisa media. Cumb.; Kent.
dle (dg'd’l), 56.1 and a. Obs. exc. dial. [f.
Dopv.1; cf. Dopparp. Whether orig. sé. or a.
is not clear.]
A. sb. A pollard. B. adj. Pollard, of which the
top has been cut off.
1601 Hoitanp Pliny xxvi. II. 251 It..groweth at the foot
of old trees. (Jfarg. Yea also in the head of doddle oaks.)
1887 J essor Arcady 55 Its huge hedgerow with the ‘doddles’
or pollards, which afforded firing for rich and poor.
+ Do'ddle, s/.2 Ods. [f. DoppLEv.] ? A dod-
dling or infirm person,
1681 Otway Soldier's Fort.1.i, 1s your Piece of Mortality
such a doting Doddle? is he so very fond of you?
Doddle (dp-d’l}, v. [var. of Dannie; cf. also
Dopprr v., and with sense 2 ToppLE.]
+1. trans. To shake, nod (the head). Ods.
1 Uroqunart Rabelais 1. xxii. (1694) 1. 85 Mumbling
withhis Mouth, nodding and dodling be Head.
2. intr. To walk with short, infirm, or unsteady
steps, to toddle ; to totter; to dawdle.
1761 Gray Let. 24 Sept. Wks. 1884 III. 114 The old
Rishop of Lincoln, with his stick, went doddling by the
side of the Queen. “7 Hatuwett, Doddle, to totter;
Fe
S)
1736 Pecce Kenticisms s. v.
king-grass is called dodder-grass
1875 Sussex
to dawdle. North. in Lonsdale Gloss. 1875 in
Sussex Gloss, 1884 Spectator 6 Dec. 1614 A pretty fie °
with a quantity of little pigs doddling about in front of her.
Hence Do'ddled, Do-ddling //. adjs.; Do'd-
dlish a. (dia/.), feeble, infirm. peated ‘in
1847-78 Hauiiwett, Doddleish, feeble. Sussex.
Sutine My Time xxxiv. 369 A doddling old father,
1875 Sussex Gloss., ish, infirm. H. M. Dovonry ©
321 doddled old
Our Wherry in Wendish
kiister so bothered us.
, doddie (dg'di), sd. [f. Don v.1]
1. Acowor bull without horns; aéérid.= Doppep,
as ‘a black doddy cow’. Se. 4
1808 in Jamieson. 1827 Scorr Two Drovers ii, They
were something less beasts than your drove, doddies most
of them. 1892 Scott, Leader 1 Jan. 3 A very fine herd
of the favourite ‘ Doddies’.
+2. Shortened form of gy eee on, -
Marr, Wit & Wisd.(N.\, Now soundly
Tre this pa dokien ‘And make him Suaaey.
(dp'di), a. Se. [f. Dop sb.4+-¥.] Pet-
tish, cross, ill-tempered,
1808 in Jamirson. 1823 Gat Zntail I. xx. 166 Colley
is as doddy and crabbit to Watty as if he was its adversary.
Do -pate. [f. as next +Pare.] =next.
Sag iad Do 19 rey Made hym a es called
ym te.
¢€
h
Doddypoll (dp'dipdul). Obs. Forms: a. §
dotty-, doty-, dote-, 6 doti-, dotti-, -pol(e,
-poll(e. 8. 6 dody-, doddye-, 6- dodi-, 7-8
doddy-, doddi-, -pole, -poll, etc. fo origin-
ally f. Dot z. to be foolish or silly, subseq. referred
to Don v.1, as if ‘having a dodded poll’: cf.
roundhead.} A stupid person ; blockhead, fool.
xgox Pol. Poems (Rolls) I. 99 Zit, Dawe a . thou
justifiest this harlotrie. cxqa2 Hoccueve A/in. Poems,
Pres ok aan tse fee Sh oe
haces 14g LATIMER 3rd ern. bef. dw. VI (Arb) 84
k doddye
. Beit Haddon's
Dottipoll.
our
DODECA-.
a Brome Exg. Moor u. i. Wks. 1873 II. 18 All the
Sutiy-poles in Town, 1767 Sterne 77. Shandy IX. xxv,
Shall I be called as many blockheads, numsculls, doddy-
poles, dunderheads.
Hence + Do'ddy-polled a. Obs.
1708 Motteux Radelais v. xlvi, Thou doddipol’d Ninny.
e, obs. pe t. of Do vw. 2
Dodeca-, dodec-, Gr. 5#5exa twelve, an initial
element in numerous technical words: see below.
Also Dode'cafid a. [L. -fidus -cleft], divided into
» twelve segments (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883). Dodeca-
«merousa.| Gr. vépos part |, consisting of twelve parts
or divisions (Syd. Soc. Lex.). Do:decapa‘rtite a.
iia! divided] =prec. Do:decape'talous
a. ., having twelve petals, Do:decasemic a.
Pros. (Gr. 5w5exdonpos of twelve times (in music),
f, ofjpa sign, mark], consisting of 12 mor or units
of time, as a dodecasemic foot. (In recent Dicts.)
1879 Sir G. G. Scorr Lect. Archit. I. 197 If all sides
had the threefold division, it would have become dodeca-
partite. 1847 Craic, Dodecapetalous, having twelve petals.
+ Do‘decade. Oés. Also dode‘cady. [f. Gr.
bw5exa twelve, after Decape: cf. F. dodécade in
Littré.] A group, set, or series of twelve.
. ¢1624 Lusuincton Recant, Sernz. in Phenix (£708) Il.
No. 26. 494 The 12 disciples answering the 12 patriarchs...
that both the Testaments, the New and Old, should be
founded upon dodecadies. 1686 Goan Ceéest. Bodies ui, ii.
436 We have..a Dodecade of such Rarities. .
ec (doudekadreem). Mumism.
[ad. Gr. dwiexdSpaxpos, f. Sw5exa twelve + Spaypy
DracuMa.] An ancient Greek gold coin of the
value of 12 drachmas.
1881 Atheneum 3 Dec. 748/t Of the 27 gold coins
exhibited one is the dodecadrachm of Queen Berenice II.
Dodecagon (doudekaggn). Geom. [ad. Gr.
bw5exdywvor, f. 5w5exa twelve + -ywvos angled, ywvia
angle ; cf. F. dodécagone (1690 in Hatz.-Darm.).]
A plane figure having twelve sides and twelve
angles. Regular dodecagon, one that has all its
sides and all its angles equal.
1658 Puiturs, Dodecagon (Greek), a Geometrical figure
of 12 Angles, 186r THoRrNBuRY 7urner (1862) I. 51 He
draws trees when he should draw dodecagons.
Hence Dodeca‘gonal a., of or pertaining to a do-
decagon ; twelve-sided.
idol in Mayne Expos. Lex. 2
|| Dodecagynia (ddu:dikadzgi-nia). Bot. [mod.
L. (Linneus 1735), f. Gr. dudexa twelve + yur7
woman, female, taken by Linnzeus in sense of
‘female organ, pistil’.] An order in some classes
of the Linnean sexual system, comprising plants
having either eleven or twelve pistils.
1762 in Hupson Flora Anglica. 1794 Martyn Rousseau's
Bot, x. v0. °1857 Henrrey Elem, Bot. 1. ii. 197.
Hence Dode‘cagyn, a plant of Dodecagynia;
Dodecagy'nian, -gy nious, Dodeca'gynous ad/s.
1828 WesstER, Dodecagyn, a plant having twelve pistils.
Ibid., Dodecagy'nian, having twelve pistils. 1864 /did.,
Dodecagynous, having twelve styles. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex.,
Dodecagynious ..twelve-pistilled.
Dodecahedral (doudikajh7-dral), a. Also
dodecaedral. [f. DopECAHEDR-ON + -AL.] Having
the form of a dodecahedron ; twelve-sided.
1796 Kirwan Elem. Min, (ed. 2) 1. 207 Transparent, and
of a dodecaedral figure. /é:d. II. 8 It often gives dode-
cahazdral crystals. 1870 BentLry Sot. 14 In a perfectly
regular arrangement. . we have dodecahedral cells,
So Do:decahe'dric a. = prec.
1878 Lawrence tr. Cotta's Rocks Class. 34 Cleavage in-
distinct, dodecahedric. 1881 Ruskin Love's Meinie 1. iii.
126, I retain, therefore, my dodecahedric form of catechism.
Dodecahedron (déu:d?ka,hzdrgn). Geom. Also
6-9 dodecaedron, 6-8-um. [a. Gr. dwexaedpov,
neuter of Sw5exdedpos, f. Su5exa twelve + Spa seat,
base, face. Cf. F, dodécaédre (16th c.).]
A solid figure having twelve faces: esp. the
regular dodecahedron, see quots. 1570, 1653.
1570 Bittincstey Euclid x1. def. xxiv. 319 A Dodeca-
hedron is a solide or bodily figure contained vnder twelue
equall, equilater, and equiangle Pentagons. 1653 H. More
Antid, Ath, u. (1662) 147 There are Five regular Bodies
in Geometry .. the Cube, the Tetraedrum, the Octaedrum,
the Dodecaedrum, and the Eicosaedrum. 1850 Dauseny
Atom. The. vi.(ed. 2) 171 Phosphorus crystallizes in regular
dodecaedrons, 1878 Gurney Crystallogr. 85 A form con-
sisting of twelve similar rhombuses. .is..called the rhombic
dodecahedron. 2
|| Dodecandria (déudtkendria). Bot, [mod,
L, (Linneeus 1735), f. Gr. dudexa twelve + dvdp-,
stem of dvjp man, male: see DEcaNDRIA.] The
eleventh class in the sexual system of Linnzus,
comprising plants having from twelve to nineteen
stamens not cohering.
1753 CuampBers Cycl. Supp., Dodecandria ..a class of
plants which have hermaphrodite flowers, with twelve
stamina or male parts in each. 1762 in Hupson Flora
Anglica, 1794 Martyn Rousseau's Bot. ix. 89.
ence Dodeca’nder, a plant of the class Dode-
candria; Dodecandrian a., belonging to that
class; Dodecandrous a., having twelve stamens,
1806 J. Gatpine Brit. Bot. 40 Lythrum .. Flowers spiked,
dodecandrous. 1828 WessteR, Dodecander, Dodecandrian,
[cited from Lee]. 1870 BentLey Bot. 246 A flower having
12 stamens is Dodecandrous.
575
Do‘decane. Clem. [f. Dopeca-+-anz.] A
paraffin of the composition C,,H,,.
1875 Watts Dict. Chem. VII. 891 Dodecane .. Boiling
point 202° [C.]. 1877 — Fownes’ Chem. (ed. 12) IL. 50.
Dodecarch, dodek- (dowd?kaik), Anc. Hist.
[ad. Gr. dwSexapx-ns, f. dw5exa twelve + -apxns
tuler.] One of a ruling body of twelve.
1882-3 Scnarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl, 1. 707 Psam-
meticus I., one of the dodekarchs,
eben | (dow d¢kaski). [f. as prec. + Gr.
-apxiarule: cf. Decarcny.] Government by twelve
tulers or kings; a ruling body of twelve.
1662 STILLINGFL. Orig. Sacr.1. v. § 8 So that Egypt was
anciently a dodecarchy, as England in the Saxons’ time
was aheptarchy, 1862 STantey Jew. Ch. (1877) I. xiii. 246
It was..a dodecarchy, of which the supremacy passed... first
to one tribe and then to another. 1876S. Bircu ede Lect.
Egypt 39 Psammetichus..seized the moment to reduce the
Assyrian Dodecarchy under his sway,
Dodecastyle (dowd7kastail). [f. Gr. dab5exa
twelve + o7¥Aos column. So mod.F. dodécastyle.]
A portico or colonnade of twelve columns.
1825 Gwitt Chambers's Civil Archit. 413 Dodecastyle,a
Building having twelve Columns in front. 1853 Lacycé.
Brit. II. 509/t The Chamber of Deputies in Paris has
a true dodecastyle. :
Do:decasy'llable. [f. Gr. 5w5exa twelve
+SYLLABLE.} a. Pros. A line or verse of twelve
syllables. b. ‘A word af twelve syllables’
(Worcester, 1846). So Dodecasylla bic a., of or
containing twelve syllables.
1753 Cuampers Cred, Supp. s.v. Alexandrin, Alexandrins
are otherwise called dodecasyllables ; and are peculiar to
the modern poetry. 1831 W. H. Mitt Christa Sangtté
Pref. 1: Distinguishing only the Benedictus or hymn
of Zacharias by a lyric dodecasyllable measure. 1882-3
Scuarr Excycl. Relig. Knowl. 2286 A sermon in verse, hepta-
syllabic, octosyllabic, or dodecasyllabic.
+ Dodecate‘mory. Astron. Obs. Also 7 do-
decatemorion. [ad. Gr. dwdexatnpdprov a twelfth
part, f. dw5éxar-os, -n, -ov twelfth + pdpov picce,
portion.] A twelfth part; aterm formerly applied
to each of the twelve divisions of the Zodiac.
1603 Sir C. Heypon Yud. Astrol. xviii. 374 The dode-
catemories of the Zodiack. 1674 JeaKE Avith, (1696) Bij,
The mildest Dodecatemorie springs In beauteous Orient.
a1joo Creecu (J.), “Tis dodecatemorion thus describ’d :
Thrice ten degrees, which every sign contains. 1727-5
Cuampers Cycl., Dodecatemnory..'The term is chiefly applied
to the twelve houses, or parts of the zodiac of the primum
mobile ; to distinguish them from the 12 signs.
Dode‘cuplet. d/us. [f. Doprc(a- + ending of
OctuPLxt, etc.] ‘A group of twelve notes to be
played in the time of eight’ (Stainer and Barrett
Dict. Mus. Terms 188o).
+Dodemusyd, /f/. a. Obs. rave. [The first
element is possibly as in doddyfoll; the second
appears to be from mzse v., in ME. to be amazed.]
c1450 Cov. Myst. 395 Ye dodemusyd prynces faste you
aray, Or I make avow to Mahomed youre bodyes schul
blede.
Doderell, var. of Dorrerer, plover.
Dodge (dgdz), v. [Known only from 16th c.;
origin unascertained. The primary meaning and
sense-development are also uncertain.
Wedgwood and Skeat compare an alleged dial. Sc. dodd
to jog (cf. sense 11 below), which Skeat would also identify
with the base of dodder, doddle. Vhis might perhaps pass
for the sense, but the phonetic development is not evident ;
cf. however sled, sledge.]
1. intr. To move to and fro, or backwards and
forwards; to keep changing one’s position or shift-
ing one’s ground; to shuffle.
1704 STEELE Lying Lover u. i. 18 Don’t stand staring,
and dodging with your feet, and wearing out your Livery
Hat with squeezing for an excuse. 1720 J. Quincy Hodges’
Hist, Acc. Plague 189 Whenever a Buboe is uncertain and
dodges, sometimes appearing and then going back. 1750
Phil. Trans. XLVI. 324 The Dragon fly..in a hovering
Posture, dodging up and down in the Water. 1820 W.
Irvine Sketch Bk. 1. 60 Whenever he went dodging about
the village.
+b. To use shifts or changes of position (w7/h
a person, etc.), so as to baffle or catch him. Oés.
1631 Mitton Univ. Carrier i. 8 He had, any time this
ten years full, Dodged with him betwixt Cambridge and the
Bull. 1677 W. Hussarp Narrative Postscr.7 He began
to dodge with his pursuers. 1724 Dr For Mem. Cavalier
1. 182 The King ., had been dodging with Essex eight or
ten Days. 18126 Scotr O/d Mort. xxxvi, Do you think we
can stand here all day to be turning and dodging with you,
like greyhounds after a hare?
ce. To move to and fro about, around, or behind
any obstacle, so as to elude a pursuer, a missile, or
a blow, or to get a sudden advantage of an enemy.
1681 R, Knox Hist. Ceylon 22 Trees, about which they
may dodg. 1756 Gentil. Mag. XXVI. 426 Dodging behind
the mizzen mast, and falling down upon the deck at the
noise of the enemy's shot. 1845 Darwin Voy. Nat. iv. (1879)
77 He was obliged to dodge round his horse. 1859 TEN-
NENT Ceylon vu. iii. II. 331 Amongst full timber,
a skilful runner can escape an elephant by dodging round
the trees,
+2. intr. To go this way and that way in one’s
speech or action; to be off and on; to parley,
palter, haggle about terms. Ods.
1568 JeweL Answ. Harding’s Detect. Foul Err. in
Def. Apol. (1611) 127 If yee doubt heereof, leaue dodging
DODGE,
in your note Bookes, and read S. Cyprian, and ye shall
find it. 1577 Sranynurst Descr, [rel. iii. in Holinshed 11,
25/1 The merchantand he stood dodging one with the other
in cheaping the ware, 1684 tr. Bonet's Merc. Compit. 1x.
335 If the Disease go not off presently, we must not stand
dodging, but give a gentle purging potion. a@1763 Byrom
Careless Content (R.), For lack or glut, for loss or gain, I
never dodge, nor up nor down. f
b. To play fast and loose, change about de-
ceitfully; to shufflt wi a person; to prevaricate.
1575 J. Stiti. Gama, Gurton vy. ii. in Hazl, Dodsley 11.
254 Fie, dost but dodge, 1614 Ravricu //ist. World vy.
iil, § 12, 418 They did him no manner of good, but rather
dodged with him, euen in the little courtesie which they
most pretended. 1708 Prior 7'wrtle § SP. 109 With Fate’s
lean tipstaff none can dodge. 1859 Smites Se//Help xiii.
Sard 340 He does not shuffle nor prevaricate, dodge nor
skulk.
te. Zo dodge it: to haggle.
1652 UrquHart Yewel Wks. (1834) 267 That frankness of
disposition..not permitting him to dodge it upon inches
and ells.
3. ¢rans. To play fast and loose with; to baffle
or parry by shifts and pretexts ; to trifle with,
1573 G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 15 Thus was
I doggid and dodgid on everi side. 1663 J. Spencer
Disc. Prodigies (1665) 256 Loth to be dodged and abused
with endless uncertainties and dissimilitudes. 1697 Occas.
Conformity 27 ‘To make the matter a Game, to dodge
Religions, and go in the Morning to Church, and in the
Afternoon to the Meeting. 1855 ‘TeNNyson Sea Dreams
145 He dodged me with a long and loose account, 1868 E.
Epwarps Kaleigh I. xxiv. 559 ‘The Crown lawyers had
again to dodge the case..by a trick of their craft.
4. To avoid an encounter with (a person or
thing) by changes of position, shifts, or doublings;
to elude (a pursuer, etc.) by shifts or sideward
movements.
1680 Otway C. ALarius w. ii. Wks. 1727 II. 239 Asunder
we may dodge our Fate. 1713 Dernam Phys, Theol. iv.
xiv. (1723) note, The Doublings of the Hare..to dodge and
deceive the Dogs. 1893 E. B. Knicuv Where three Em-
pires meet xxiv. 366 Rocks..would come rolling down upon
us, and had to be nimbly dodged. 1893 Forves-Mitrcneut.
Remin. Gt. Mutiny 19 Where blows aimed at the victims
had evidently been dodged.
5. To follow stealthily, and with shifts to avoid
discovery, as by keeping behind intervening objects.
(Cf. Doe v,. 1.
19727 Firtvinc Love in Sev. Masg. Wks. 1775 1. 58 La.
Promise not to dodge us. IW’, Not even to look after you.
1814 Map. D’Arsiay Wanderer IV. 51 If they saw any
suspicious persons dodging them. 1840 Lavy C. Bury
Hist, Flirt xi, 1 will never quit you..1 will dodge your
steps, -
6. To move (a thing) to and fro, or up and down ;
to lead (an examinee) to and fro in a subject of ex-
amination and not straight on.
1820 Sporting Mag. V1. 266 Two pieces of wood had been
introduced between the hoof and the shoe; after replacing
the shoe again the horse was dodged, and discovered to be
perfectly sound. 1861 Dickens Gt. /-xfect. viii, He said,
pompously, ‘Seven times nine, boy’! and how should I be
able to answer, dodged in that way? 1880 Daily Tel. 7
Oct., It would be absolutely childish to go on dodging the
Fleets about from Cattaro to Volo [etc.].
7. intr. Change-ringing. Said of a bell rung in
a chime, when, instead of following in its regular
ascending or descending order, as in plain hunting,
it is shifted one place in the opposite direction, and
then in the next round back again to resume its
course, until another dodge occurs.
1684 R.H. School Recreat. 101 In this Bob, when the
‘Treble leaves the two Hind Bells, they dodge ’till it comes
there again, and ’till the Treble gives Way for the dodging
again of the said two Hind Bells, the two first Bells dodge,
but after cease dodging, when the two Hind Bells dodge.
1872 ExtacomBe Ch. Bells Devon ii. 29. 1880 Grove Dict.
Music s.v. Changes, The three first bells go through the six
changes of which they are capable .. while the bells behind
‘dodge’.
8. intr. (techn.) To occupy positions alternately
on the one side and the other of a medial line.
1874 Knicur Dict. Mech., Dodging, said of mortises,
when they are not in the same plane at the hub. By spread-
ing the butts of the spokes where they enter the hub, dodg-
ing on each side of a median line, alternately, the wheel is
stiffened against a lateral strain. ; :
9. trans. Photogr. To use any artifice to improve
(the negative) for printing.
1883 Hardwick's Photogr. Chem. (ed. Taylor) 335 The im-
portant operations of ‘dodging’ and ‘printing-in’. 1889
Anthony's Photogr. Bulletin (U.S. A.) 11. 349 That ‘dodg-
ing’ had been resorted to to make the tree print well.
10. trans. Salt-making (Cheshire). (See quot.)
1884 Cheshire Gloss., Dodging, salt-making term. Knock-
ing scale off the plates over the fire.
1. ¢rans. and intr. (dial.) To jog (see quots.).
1802 SippaLp Chron. Sc. Poet. Gloss. (Jam.), Dodge, to
jog, or trudge along. 1825 Brockett N. C. Wds., Dodge,
to jog, to incite, 1869 Lonsdale Gloss., Dodge, (1) to jog,
incite. 1877 Holderness Gloss., Dodge-on, to go along,
making the best of an affliction...‘ Hey ! it a bad job, but Ah
mun dodge-on somehoo or other ’,
+12. évans. To insinuate zwto by a dodge. Ods.
1687 R. L’Estrance Answ. Diss. 47 A Paradox of Con-
science Dodg’d into a Popular Scheme of Government !
D ‘e (dpdz), sd.) [f. prec. vb.]
+1. The act of slipping aside so as to elude a
person or thing; the ‘slip’, the ‘go-by’. Ods, or
dial.
DCDGE,
1578 J. Stitt Gamm. Gurton u. i. in Hazl. Dodsley 111.
193 Phere was a fouler fault, my Gammer ga’ me the ane
Wily Beguiled ibid. 1X. 256 Shall I trouble you so far
as to take some pains with me? I am loth to have the
dodge. 1749 Fiecpinc Tom Fones vu. iv, 1 was hard run
enough by your mother for one man; but after giving her
a dodge, here’s another..follows me upon the foil. 1880
Maus. Parr Adam & Eve II. 116 He was forced to avoid
him by giving a sudden dodge to one side.
2. A shifty trick, an artifice to elude or cheat.
1638 Featty Strict. Lyndom. 1. 201, I have beate the
lesuit heretofore out of this dodge, 1681 H. More £x/,
Dan. Pref. 64 To put a dodge upon the Protestants to
weaken their Faith. 1 Dickens Pickw. xvi, ‘ It was all
false, of course?’ ‘ All, sit’, replied Mr. Weller, ‘ reg*lar do,
sir; artful dodge.’ 1860 Bricut Sf. Church Rates 27 Apr.,
I am altogether against any kind of dodge by which thi
matter may be. .settled. : 3
8. collog. and slang. A clever or adroit expedient
or contrivance (cf. ¢7ick in similar use): vulgarly
extended to a machine, a natural phenomenon, etc.
1842 E, FitzGerarp Lett. (1889) I. 111 The alternation
of green and corn crops is a good dodge.
Pendennis xxix, [They] have many harmless arts .. and
innocent dodges (if we may be permitted to use an excellent
phrase that has become vernacular since the appearance of
the last dictionaries) 1855 SmepLey 7. Coverdale iii, I'd
start to America, and do Niagara, and all the other |
Lp. Matcsespury Memoirs |
picturesque dodges [etc.]. 1867
of an E-x-Minister (1884) 11. 376 To show us how to light
a good fire by some dodge of lighting the wood at the back.
. Change-ringing. See quot. 1584, and cf.
DODGE wv. 7.
1684 R. H. School Recreat.93 The. .Meaning of a Dodge
is this; any Bell that is coming down, and is to make a
Dodge, must move up again one Bell higher, and any Bell
that is going up, and is to make a Dodge, must come down
one Bell lower, and then up or down as the Course of such
Bell requires. 1880 Grove Dict. Music s.v. Changes, In
change-ringing terms, the 4th and sth [bells] are said to
‘make places’, and the 2nd and 3rd are said to make a
* double dodge’.
Dodge, 54.2 north. dial. A large irregular piece,
a lump.
1562 Wills § Inv. N.C. (Surtees 1835) 207, j dodge of
iron viij4, Fowr axesxvj'. 1825 Jamieson, Dodge, a pretty
large cut or slice of any kind of food. Dodge/, a large piece
orlump. [1895 Still in use.]
Dodger (dpdza1). [f. DoncE v. + -ER1.]
1. One who dodges, in various senses of the vb. ;
in early use, esf. a haggler; later, esf. one who
practises artful shifts or dodges.
1568 T. Harpinc Detect. Foul Err. 226 By this a man
may know what a Dodger you are, and whence your great
bookes procede. 1598 Fiorito, Auarone; a pinch penie, a
paltrer, a dodger, a miser, a penie father. 1611 Corar.,
Cagueraffz, a base micher, scuruie hagler, lowsie dodger.
1704 Hearne Duct, Hist. (1714) I. 156 Tacitus has no good
Morals; He is a great Dodger. .he always speaks more out
of Policy than according to Truth. 1824 Scorr S¢. Ronan's
xxviii, “A shy cock, this Frank Tyrrel .. a very complete
dodger !.. 1 shall wind him, were he to double like a fox.’
1838 Dickens O. 7wist viii, Among his intimate friends he
was better known by the sobriquet of ‘ The artful Dodger’.
2. U.S. A hard-baked cor-cake.
I Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. iv, Corn-cake, in all its
varieties of hoe-cake, dodgers, muffins.
13 May 327/1, I prospered rarely in the South on ‘dodgers’.
3. U.S. A small handbill or circular.
1884 Fargo (Dakota) Broadaxe 7 Apr., With dodgers of
warning distributed at the different polling-places. 1888
Boston® Frnl. 11 Feb. 5/4, I never in my life used such
a thing as a poster, a dodger or a handbill.
4. Salt-making. (See quot.) Cf. DoDGE v. 10.
1884 Cheshire Gloss., Dodger, salt-making term; a long-
headed hammer with a lon
the scale or incrustations of lime or dirt on the pan bottoms
when the pan is at work ; also called Dodging Hammer.
Dodgery (dgdzeri). [f. Donce v. or sd. + -ERY.]
The employment of dodges; trickery.
a a acket Abp, Williams 1. (1692) 98 When he had
ut this dodgery aay upon those at London, 1865
ICKENS Mut, Fr. 111.i, What dodgery are you up to next?
Do'dging, v/. sb. [f. Dopcr v.+-1ne1,.] The
action of the verb DonaE, in various senses,
1593 7edl-Troth’s N. Y. Gift 16 The dodging of an old
beldam. a1677 Barrow Serm. Upright Walking Wks.
1687 I. 65 Versatile whifflings and dodgings .. and the like.
1880 Grove Dict. Music s.v. Changes, At the end of each
six changes one of the bells going up to take part in the
dodging, and another coming down to take its place in the
changes.
Do: , ppl.a. [f. as prec.+-ING*.] That
dodges, in the various senses of the verb.
1625 W. ens ae by Faith (1629) 148 Tricks of
wit and dodging Distinctions to avoid the accusations of
conscience. 1648 Mitton Zenure Kings (1649) 30 Som
dodging Casuist with more then sinceritie. 1
Somervitte Chase 1v. 115 The Brakes Where dodging
Conies sport. 1775 Burke Corr. (1844) II. 63 Their irreso-
lute and dodging motions. 1880 Grove Dict. Music s.v.
Changes, The bells. .have a dodging course.
Hence Do‘dgingly adv., in a dodging manner.
1599 Minsnev, Cavilosaménte, dodgingly, contentiously,
deneniull , fraudulently.
Dodging, var. of Dorcurx, Chinese steelyard.
peter (dg'dzi), a. [f. Doper sb.1+-¥1,] Full
of or addicted to "dodges ; evasive, tricky, artful.
Hence Do‘dgily adv. ; Do'dginess.
1861 Wynter Soc. Bees 237 Beggars divide themselves in
1 classes ;—the h poetical, the senti-
mental, the dodgey, and the sneaking. 1870 Furnivatt. in
Bk. Curtasye 698 in Babees Bk, marg., A towel folded
handle, used for knocking off |
576
are on everybody's
pate, -pole, var. Doppypats, -PoLL, Ods.
(dg'dkin). Forms: 5 doydekyn, doy-
kyn, 6 dodkyn, 6-7 (9) dotkin, 6-9 dodkin, (7-9
doitkin). [15th c. doydekyn, doykyn, a. MDu.
duytken, dim. of duyt, doyt: see Dorr.]}
1. An early name for the Dorr, a small Dutch
coin. Hence, any coin of very small value.
Only //ist. after 1600, except in proverbial phrases.
1415 Act 3 Hen. V, c. 1 § 2 Les Galyhalpens & la Moneie
appelle Seskyn & Doydekyn. /did. yhalpens, Seskyns
ou Doykyns. cxsso Dice-Play (Percy Soc.) 27 He that
will not stoop a dodkin at the dice. 1 STANYHURST
Descr, Irel.in Holinshed V1. 23 At the dt =, his maioraltie
he owght no man a dotkin. 1606 Hottanp Sueton. 79
Brasen Dodkins or mites called Asses. a
., Dotkins, a kind of coine. [ed. 1672 Doitkin, a
‘oine, prohibited by 3 H. 5. cap. 1. Hence probably
Int
base
| we retain that phrase when we would undervalue a man,
1849 THACKERAY |
1882 Garden |
» De
to say, He is not worth a Doit or Doitkin.]) 1674 Jeaxe
Arith. (1696) 77 Some ,.divide the Farthing into 2 Ques, the
yi into 2 Cees, the C into 2 Dodkins, 1881 Durrirtp Dox
Quix. 111. xxvii. 206, I did not care two dotkins.
2. a. A bud. b. A pistil.
[{Perh. not the same word. In b perh. adim. of Dop%, Du. |
dodde gay r : ee
1578 Lyte Dodoens m1. 1x. 400 Smal ins or springes,
which are the beginning of leaues. /dd. v. xxvii. 585 The
flower..with a yellowe
middle. :
Do'dman. Now dial. [Origin unknown:
connexion with Don sé.3 has been suggested. Other
local names are hodman-dod, hoddy-doddy.] A snail.
c1sso Bate A. Yohan (Camden) 7 Yt is as great pyte to
se a woman wepe, As yt is to se a sely dodman creepe.
1625 Liste Du Bartas, Noe 149 Two crooked lines, One
like a crawling shake, one like a dodman twines. 1
Bacon Sylva § 732 [Animals] that cast their Shell, are;
The Lobster, the Crab, the Crafish, the Hodmandod or
Dodman, the Tortoise. 1633 Ames Agst, Cerem. 1. 28
Time..to pull in the hornes of this dodmons accusation.
1674 N. Fairrax Bulk & Selv. 125 A Snayl or Dodman..is
not only not warm, but to our feeling, very cold. 1674 Ray
S. & E. C. Words 65 A Dodman: a shell-snail or Hod-
mandod, Nor/. 1848
Dodman’, said Mr. Peggotty, by which he meant snail.
Dodo (dodo). [a. Pg. doudo simpleton, fool,
as adj. silly.] An extinct bird, Didus ineptus,
belonging to the order Co/umbide, formerly in-
habiting the island of Mauritius ; it had a massive
clumsy body, and small wings of no use for flight.
1628 E. ALtHam Lett. to Sir Edw. Altham 18 June in
Proc. Zool. Soc. (1374) 448 A strange fowle, which I had at
the Iland mauritius, called by y° portingalls a DoDo.
Ibid. (P. S.] Of mr pe you shall receue a iarr of ginger..
and a bird called a DoDo, if it live. 1634 Six T. Hersert
Trav. 347 Mauritius. .here and here only and in Dygarroys,
is generated the Dodo [1638 a Portuguize name it is, and
has reference to her simplenes] which for shape and rare-
nesse may Antigonize the Phoenix of Arabia. 1638 /did. 21
Like the Dodoes wings, more to looke at, then for execution.
¢16g0 H. L’EstrancE in Sloane MS. 1839. 5, If. 54 About
1638, as I walked London streets, I [saw] the picture of
a strange fowle hong out upon a cloth .. went in to see it.
It..was a great fowle, somwhat bigger then the largest
Turkey Cock .. The keeper called it a Dodo. 1688 R.
Hotme Armoury u. 289/1 A Dodo, or Dronte. .doth equal
a Swan in bigness. 1774 Gotpsm. Nat. //ist. mm. 1. vii.
ep 2 Three or four dodos are enough to dine a hundred
men. 1832 De La Becue Geol. Man. (ed. bas 1896 F.
Hatt in Nation (N. Y.) LXII, 157/2 If he has not indeed
gone the way of the dodo and the dinotherium.
attrib. 1874 Liste Carr Fud. Gwynne II. viii. 177 He
belongs to the Dodo race of real unmitigated... Toryism.
Dodonzan, -ean (ddudonian), a. Ae
s,a. Gr, Awdevaios, f. Awdavn ona. ]
Of or pertaining to Dodona in ancient Epirus,
where there was a famed oracle of Zeus situated
in a grove of oaks, Also +Dodonian (doddu'nian),
1569 Spenser Visions of Bellay v. in Theat. Worldlings,
Then I behelde the faire Dodonian tree, 1632 Litucow
Trav. 1. 5 The Thespian spring, Where chatring birds,
Dodonean trees do sing. 1851 THorrau A utinn 84 There
is mast for me too. .this Dodonean fruit. z
+ Dodrantal, a. Os. rare—°. [ad. L. dédrin-
tal-is, f£. dédrans nine-twelfths or three-fourths of
a weight or measure.]
Lount Glossogr., Dodrantal, of nine ounces or nine
inches in length or weight. 1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dodrantal,
consisting of nine inches, three fourths of a foot.
Doe (déx). Forms: 1 da, 2-6 do, (3 f/. don),
4-7 doo, 5-6 Sc. and north, da, (6 dooe, 7 doa),
6- doe (Sc. dae).
(OE. dé is thought by some to be a contracted form, cog
nate with OHG. éme, damo wk. masc., MHG. tame, G.
dam- (in damhirsch, damwild), a, L. dima, damma f.,
sometimes m., fallow deer, buck, doe ; but there are serious
difficulties. See Pogatscher Gr. Lat. u. Rom, Lehnworte
im Alteng
Z. § 302.) ,
1, The female of the fallow deer; applied also to -
the female of allied animals, as the reindeer.
| venison.
jodkin or Pestil, lyke golde in the |
DOFF.
the hart. J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 127 He
tooke it fora where it was more likely some. . >
1674 tr. Scheffer's Lapland 130 These horns are
to the [ , the Doe having m
fewer branches.
1810 Scorr
s covert cowered the doe.
+b. Apieed cally to both sexes, like L.
dama. "ence doe-buck, a male deer.
c Pict. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 759 Hic damus, a
dobuk. Hic vel hec dama,a doo.
2. The female of the hare or rabbit; sometimes
dial, of other animals, e.g. the rat.
1607 Torseit Kour-f. Beasts (1658) 87 One that tame
Conies .. had Does which littered heen, at. a i and
within fourteen daies after, they littered four more. 1741
Compl. Fam, Piece ui. i. They are distinguished by the
Names of Bucks and + aad the Males ate wanally
call'd Jack Hares. 1837 M. Donovan Dom. Econ. 11. 99
A doe {rabbit] when suckling, will drink milk.
3. altrib., as doe-buck, -cony, -deer, -leather,
-venison ; made of DoESKIN, as doe trousers.
¢ 1488 Golagros & Gaw. 226 Thay drive on the da deir be
dalis and doun. ny me 1b). 16x Cotcr., Radolliere,
a Rabbets neast; the hole wherein a Doe Conie keepeth her
young ones. 1747 Phil. Trans. XLV. 572 The Skin drew
or stretch'd like a Piece of Doe-Leather, 1819.Pantologia
s.v., Doe venison is not equal in estimation with buck
1844 Advt. in /idustr. Lond. News 22 June 407/3
Plain doe trousers, 17/6.
Doe, obs. form of Do, DoucH.
Doe-bird, var. of DovuGH-BIRD. “
Doel(e, obs. early f. Doe sé.2, grief, mourning.
Doen, obs. form of done: see Do v.
Doer (diz-a1). Also 4-6 doar, 5 doere, 6 dow-
ar(e, 6-7 dooer. [f.Dov.+-ER!.]
1. One who does; one who performs some act or
deed ; an actor, agent.
3 . Cursor M. 28773 (Cott. G.) Els vnmedeful es pe dede,
and makes to be doer no mede. 1382 WycuiF Jas. i. 22 Be
je doers of the word and not herers oneli, 1561 T. Hosy
96 A doe most beautifi
of L..1. iii, Close in her
| tr. Castiglione’s Courtyer 1. G iij, In — they are all
Dickens Dav. Copp. vii, ‘I'ma reg’ lar
most excellent dooers. 1594 Suaks. Rich. > 1. ii, 352
Talkers are no good dooers. 1623 Cockeram, Actresse, a
woman-doer, 1738 Swirt Pol. Conversat. 8 Doers are
ill Deemers. 1832 Ht. Martineau Weal or W. iii. 28 Sym-
| pathy affords great advantage to the doers of mischief.
| 3966
2. One who acts on behalf of another; an agent,
factor, manager ; an attorney. Now coy Se.
1465 MS. in Tytler Hist. Scot. (1864) II. 388 He sal
the ‘saidis py: ICT Sir Sree or yair
Act 8 Eliz. c.7§2 No maner er or persons
1. .exercyse or frequent the sayd peel. geet have an
Factor or Doer for hym or them in the same, 1721 Wod-
row Corr. 11. 603, I had the eleven pounds from the Ear!
of Kilmarnock’s doer. 138 J. Loutnian Form of Process
(ed. 2) 44 Before the y of Compearance, Lord
Advocate, or his Depute, give in the Indictment. .to the
Clerk of Court, that the Prisoner's Doer may have an Oppor-
tunity of seeing the same. 1870 Ramsay Xemin. vi. (ed.
18) 232 In Scotland it is usual to term the law-agent or man
of business of any ty his ‘doer’, oe
Catr. 97 I'm doer for in and for James Glens,
3. (with qualifying adj.) A horse or other animal
that ‘ does’ or thrives (well or ill) : see Do v. 18.
1865 Even. Standard 6 Mar., He..is a rare doer, never
having been sick nor sorry since the week he was foaled.
4. slang. One who ‘does’ or cheats another.
1840 New Monthly brn dhe 47 (School Masters] are
-boys’, but regular
not merely ‘do-the-boys of their parents.
1862 A. K. H. Bovp Recreat. Country Parson 114 The
trickster has been tricked—the doer done.
Does, g. pres. ind. of Do v.
Doeskin (dé«skin). [f. Doz +Sxrn sé.]
1, The skin of a doe. ,
1456 Churchw, Acc. Tintinhull (Somerset Rec. Soc.) 187
It. in una pelle de doeskyne pro eisdem libris vij‘.
pth eege — XXV. 5 oe oe
nes. 1
A lege van of B= Buck and
Lond. Gas. No. A of Doe-Skin Breeches,
with Brass Buttons. ey Ma, A Pale of Il. 437 Thick, soft,
and elastic leather, such as doe or skin.
2. A highly-finished closely-cut thick black cloth,
twilled, but dressed so as to show very little of the
twill.
Believed to have been so named as
less stout cloth than that called ‘
breeches took the place ick.
Pr Juries Gt. Exhib, 35%
ins. 1874 Knicur Dict.
width fine len cloth for men’s wear,
Doff (def), v. Pa. t. and
co form of do off: see
Doest (d#ést), 2nd sing. ind. of Do w., q.v. —
pple. doffed
D. 47+
AFF Vv.
In ordinary colloquial in north of England in
Scot. Elsew! since x6eh c., a literary word an
archaic flavour. itasa
obnson, as ‘in all its sen: bsolete, and scarcely used
; ‘rustics’. In xgth cy since the time of Scott, very
cxrooo AEtrric Gr. (Z.) 39 D cl bse! at le oo
cx . Eng. Leg. 1. 393/12
and oa. Wasp Pen,
uent in literary use.]
| whe To put off or take off from the bo
(clothing, or anything worn or borne) ; to take
or ‘raise’ (the head-gear) by way of a salutation or
Cee oe Te Paar os4s Dot tise tere: a
Fone Roxb.) exv. rod He plies A are
—
mea
ite
Poems (Rolls) 11. 107 The sacred host..to whiche we knele
ae ee
DOFF..
and doffe our hodes. 1483 Cath. Angi. 103/1 To Doffe,
exuere. ¥ Suaxs. ohn ut. i. 128 Thou weare a Lyons
hide ! doffit for shame. 1596 Spenser J. Q.v1. ix, 36 Calidore
. .doffing his bright armes, himselfe addrest In shepheards
weed. 1621 G. Sanpys Ovid's Met. xi. (1626) 259 Then
made him d’off those weeds. 1714 Gay Sheph. Week 1, 21
Upon a rising Bank I sat adown, Then doffd my Shoe.
1768 Beattie Minstr. 1. xxxv, The little warriors doff the
targe and spear. 1808 Scorr Marm. vi. xi, Doffed his
furred gown, and sable hood. 1859 Tennyson Enid 1444
The..Earl..cast his lance aside, And doff'd his helm.
+b. Const. off; also zn¢r. with with. Obs. rare.
2a1400 Morte Arth. 1023 Pow doffe of thy clothes, And
knele in thy kyrtylle. 1643 [see Dorrinc v7. sd.]._ 1764
Foote Mayor of G.u. Wks. 1799 1. 186 If you will doff with
your boots, and box a couple of bouts.
e. absol. To raise one’s hat (40 a person). rare.
1674 N. Fairrax Bulk & Selv. To Rdr., To look full on a
Great man standing in my way, and not to vouchsafe him
worth Doffing to, 1833 Tennyson Goose 19 The grave
churchwarden doff’d, The parson smirk’d and nodded.
2. refl. To undress oneself, put off one’s clothes.
Also jig. Now only dzal.
1697 De ta Pryme Diary (Surtees) 150 The quaker doffs
him stark naked, and takeing a burning candle in his hand he
foes tothechurch. [1838 J. Scuotes Lanc, Witches in Har-
and Z. Lyyics (1865) 133 ‘ Hie thi whoam an’ doff thi.’]
3. transf. and fig. To put off as a dress or cover-
ing; to throw off, lay aside; hence (in wider
sense), to do away with, get rid of (anything
associated with oneself), + Also with A (obs.).
1sg2 Suaxs. Rom. & Ful. u. ii. 47. 1599 B. Jonson Ev.
Man out of Hum.v.v, He..oftentimes d’offeth his owne
nature and puts on theirs, 1605 SHaks, AZacé. 1v. iii. 188
Your eye..would create Soldiours, make our women fight,
To doffe their dire distresses. 1628 Earte Microcosme.,
SS ae Countrey Kut. (Arb.) 38 He ha’s doft off the name
of a Clowne. 1854-6 Patmore Angel in Ho. 1. 1. x. (1879)
237 Love .. doffgd at last his heavenly state. 1867 Bp.
‘orBes Zr. 39 Art. ii, (1881) 29 The Word is said to have
donned human nature, never more to doff it.
+ 4. To put (any one) off (with an excuse, etc.) ;
to turn aside: cf. DAFF v.2 2. Ods.
1622 Shaks. Oth. 1. ii. 176 (Qo. 1) Euery day thou dofftst
[Fod. 1, dafts] me with some deuise, Iago. «@ 1637 B. Jon-
son Sad Sheph. 1. ii, They. .strew tods’ hairs, or with their
tails do sweep The dewy grass, to do’ff the simpler sheep.
1658-9 Burton's Diary (1828) 1V. 67 They doffed us off as
long as they could, and then locked up thgir doors.
5. Textile Manuf. a. To strip off the slivers of
wool, cotton, etc., from the carding-cylinders. b.
To remove the bobbins or spindles when full to
make room for empty ones. See Dorrer.
1825 [see Dorrine vé/. sb. b]. 1851 Art Frul. Catal, Gt.
Exhib. p. iv **/2-This .. instrument doffs the cotton in a
fine transparent fleece. 1864 R. A. ArnoLp Cotton Fam.
33 Spinners .. have, in technical language..to ‘doff the
cops’; in other words..to remove and relieve the spindles
of ed spun yarn, 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV.
356/2.
+ Doff, sb. Obs. rare—'.
of doffing ; a ‘ put off’.
1606 Wily Beguiled in Hazl. Dodsley 1X. 276 Lelia has
e’en given him the doff here.
Doffer (dg'for). [f. prec. vb.] One who or that
which doffs.
1. In a carding machine, a comb or revolving
cylinder which ‘doffs’ or strips off cotton or wool
from the ‘ cards’ ; a doffing-cylinder.
1825 [see Dorrinc vé/. sb, b]. 1842 Biscnorr Woollen
Manuf. U. 392 When it has passed over the last cylinder
on to the drum, it is taken from it by a cylinder somewhat
larger than the workers, and called a doffer. 1 . Watts
Brit. Manuf. U1. 134 The doffer or doffing cylinder.
attrib, 1825 J. Reruoi sot Operat. Mechanic 380 The
main cylinder. .is soon covered with cotton, and is divested
of it by the doffer cylinder. 1854 ///ustr. Lond. News
5 Aug, 118/4 Occupations of the People. , Doffer-plate maker.
1875 Ure's Dict. Arts 1. 969 The doffer-knife or comb for
stripping the fleecy web from the doffer.
2. A worker employed in removing the full bob-
bins or spindles: see quot. 1894.
1862 /dlustr. Lond. News XLI. 558/3 The Throstle Doffer.
1875 Ure's Dict. Arts 1. 989 This loss of time, as well as
the labour of the ‘doffers’, is abolished. 1894 Labour
Commission Gloss., Doffers, boys or ced from 12 to 15
years. .employed to take off the full bobbins and to replace
them on the throstle or ring frames by empty ones.
(dg'fin), vd. sb. [f. as prec. + -ING 1.]
‘The action of the verb Dorr. a. The putting or
taking off of clothing, etc.
1606 Hottanp Sueton. 231 To doe him the that he
might have the D’offing of hershoes. 1643 G. WILDE Sev.
St. Maries, Oxford 17 Vhose..who think a little d’offing off
the Hat.,Reverence enough for the Lords Annoynted ; do
not they mags him_of his Divinity? 1847 Emerson
Poems, Song Nature, Too much of donning and doffing.
b. Textile Manuf.: see Dor¥ v. 5 and Dorrer.
Doffing cylinder: a cylinder clothed with cards which
takes off the fibres from the teeth of the main cylinder of a
bem | machine. Doffing knife: a steel blade with finel
toothed edge, which takes off the carded wool from the teet
of the doffer. So Dofing-plate.
1825 J. NicHotson Oferat. Mechanic 380 The doffer or
taker-off, having affixed to it the steel comb called the
doffing-plate. Art Frul. Catal, Gt, Exhib. p. iv **/2
A fine fleece of cotton. .shorn or combed off from the opposite
side of the cylinder by the + ect 4 action of the Yoffin
knife. /éd., Asmaller drum card..called the doffer (stri <a
or doffing cylinder. .covered..with fillet cards. 1875 Ure's
Dict. Arts 1. ag Bebo of the most recent improvements
in the sthrostle is that of Bernhardt’s ‘doffing-
motion °.
Vo, Ill.
[f. prec. vb.] An act
577
Dog (deg), sb. Forms: 1 docga, 3-7 dogge,
(3,6 doggue, 6 Sc. doig), 6-8 dogg, 3- dog.
[late OE. docga (once ina gloss) = previous history
and origin unknown. (The generic name in OE.,
as in the Teutonic langs. generally, was hund:
see Hounp.) So far as the evidence goes, the
word appears first in English, as the name of |
a powerful breed or race of dogs, with which the
name was introduced into the continental languages,
usually, in early instances, with the attribute
‘English’, Thus mod. Du. dag, late 16th c. dogge |
(‘een dogghe, vn gros matin d’Engleterre, cazzzs
anglicus’, Plantijn 7hesaur. 1573), Ger. dogge, in
16-17th c. dock, docke, dogg (‘englische Dock’,
Onomast. 1582, ‘ eine englische Docke’, 1653), LG.
dogge, Da. dogge, Sw. dogg; F. dogue (‘le genereux
dogue anglais’, Du Bellay 15..), It., Sp., Pg. dogo,
Pg. also dogue; in all the languages applied to
some variety or.race of dog.]
I. The simple word.
1. A quadruped of the genus Cazzs, of which
wild species or forms are found in various parts
of the world, and numerous races or breeds,
varying greatly in size, shape, and colour, occur
in a domesticated or semi-domesticated state in
almost all countries. These are referred by zoolo-
gists to a species C. familiaris ; but whether they
have a common origin is a disputed question.
c1050 Prudentius Glosses (Recd. 148/1) [Gloss to] cannume
[gen. pl.] docgena. a12z5 Ancr, KR. 288 His [the devil's]
ted beod attrie, ase of ane wode dogge. Dauid, ine sauter,
cleoped hine dogge. /#i:d. 290 Pet tes dogge of helle kumed.
cr1ago S. Eng. Leg. 1. 307/281 A teie doggue. ax3o0
Cursor M. 13658 (Cott. & G.) Pai scott him als a dog Right
vte o pair synagog. 1393 Lanai. P. P/. C. x. 261 Thi dogge
dar nat berke. 1460 Carcrave Chron. (1858) 281 Thei seide
pleynly that it was no more trost to the Pope writing than
toadoggetail. 1568 Titney Disc. Mariage D He b, Dogs
barke boldely at their owne maisters doore. 1 3. YOUNG
Guazzo's Civ. Conv. v.179 Like the Sheepheards good Dog.
16or SHaxs. 7wel, N. u. iii. 154 If I thought that, Ide
beate him like a dogge. 1686 Horneck Craucif. Jesus xxii. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
682 ‘The dog teaches thee fidelity. 1732 Pore Ass. Mav1.
112 His faithful dog shall bear him company. 1869 W. P.
Mackay Grace & Truth viii, The dog in the East is not
as here domesticated, but .. outside the cities, is more like
a wolf prowling for prey. i
+b. Used sfec. as the name of some particular
variety ; see quots. Ods.
1398 ‘Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xvut. xxvi. (1495) 786 A
gentyll hounde. . hath lesse flesshe thana dogge and shorter
heere and more thynne. ¢1440 Promp. Parv. 125/1 Dogge,
shyppe-herdys hownde, gregarius. 1530 Patscr. 214/2
Dogge, a mischevous curre, dogue.
ec. esp. A dog used for hunting ; a hound.
@ 1307 Pol. Songs (Camden) 239 A doseyn of doggen Ne
myhte hyre drawe. 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. RK. xvitt.
cili, (1495) 847 Brockes..ben huntyd and chassyd wyth
hunters dogges. ?¢1475 Hunt. Hare 26 Ychon of hus hase
a dogge or too; For grehowndes have thou nocare. 1649 Bp.
Reynocps Hoseaiii. 38 The Dogge in hunting of the Deere.
1748 N. Satmon Comp. Univ. 14 Some gentlemen of the
‘Town always keep a Pack of Dogs.
d. fig.; esp. in Shaksperian phr. the dogs of
war. |
@ 1225 [see 1]. x60r Suaks. Ful. C. m. i. 273 Caesars
Spirit ranging for Reuenge, With Ate by his side. .Shall in
these Confines..Cry hauocke, and let slip the Dogges of
Warre. 1667 Mitton P. L. x. 616 See with what heat
these Dogs of Hell advance. 1842S. Lover Handy Andy
ii, Let loose the dogs of lawonhim. 1860 TrotLore /ram-
ley P. xliii, The dogs of war would be unloosed.
e. With qualifications denoting variety or use,
as Banpog, BuLL-pDoc, CuR-Do6, etc., q.v. in their
alphabetical places or under the first element.
Also buck-, cattle-, field-, parlour-, shore-, toy-
dog.
a 1225 Kur-dogge [see Currc.]. 1633 T. James Voy. 93
Bucke Dogs, of a very good race. 1672 JosseLyn New Eng.
Rarities 15 The Indian Dog is a Creature begotten ‘twixt
a Wolf anda Fox. 1813 Cot. Hawker Diary (1893) I. 89
My Newfoundland dog..had decamped. 1870 B. Clayton
Dog-Keeper's Guide 6 Field dogs are used for field purposes
only. x Sr. J. Tyrwuitr in Univ. Rev. 15 Feb. 253
Society kept him .. painting toy dogs. 1893 Epitn Car-
RINGTON Dog'vi. 52 Ver famous cattle dogs. :
2. In distinguishing sex, the male of this species ;
a male hound; opp. to Bircw. Also, a male fox,
DoG-Fox. :
1577 B. Gooce Heresbach’s Hush, ut. (1586) 154 b, The
Dogge is thought better than the Bitche. 1768 G.Wasuinc-
TON Writ. (1889) II. 248 Four Pupp s, that is 3 dogs and
abitch. 1882 Society 21 Oct. 19/2 If this is your fox, Jack,
he’s an unmistakable old dog. Log eg te Rev. 1 Feb. 134/2
The man who knows and a is hound only uses the
word dog, as he does the word bitch, to denote sex.
3. Applied to a person; a. in reproach, abuse,
or contempt: A worthless, despicable, surly, or
cowardly fellow. (Cf. Cur 1b.)
3325 Coer de L. 4518 or cg pr oy pre hym..And
sayde: ‘ Dogge, ther thou ly !” YCLIF 2 Savt. xvi. 9.
c1440 York Myst. xix. 106 A! dogges, pe deuell 30u spede.
1sgx Suaxs. 1 Hen. V/,1.ii. 23. 1596 — Merch. V.1. iti. 129
‘ou spurn’d me such a day 3 another time You cald me dog.
H. Coan tr. Pinto’s Trav. xx. 72 Such feeble slaves,
as these Christian Dogs. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 530 P 4
Had not my dog of a steward run away as he did, without
making up his accounts. 1820 Scorr /vashoe vii, Dog of an
DOG.
unbeliever..darest thou press upon a Christian? 1880
Tennyson Revenge ii, If I left them..To these Inquisition
dogs and the devildoms of Spain.
b. playfully (usually in humorous reproof, con-
gratulation, or commiseration): A gay or jovial
man, a gallant; a fellow, ‘chap’. -Usually with
adj. such as cunning, jolly, lucky, sad, sly, etc.
To be dog at: see to be old dog at, 151
a1618 Q. Anne Let. to Buckingham in s Orig. Lett.
Ser. 1. III. ror My kind Dog. . You doe verie well in lugging
the Sowes eare [Jas. Ij, and I... would have yow doe so
still upon condition that yow continue a watchfull dog to
him. 1711 BupGELu Sfect. No. 67 Pg An impudent young
Dog bid the Fiddlers play a Dance called Mol. Patley.
1719 De For Crusoe 1. vi, | was an unfortunate dog. 1814
L. Hunt Feast Poets 14 Poems (1832) 144 The dog had no
industry. 1884 W. E. Norris 7/irdby //allix, A sad dog.
ce. =BULL-DOG 2,
1847 Tennyson Princ. Prol. 113 He had climb’d across
the spikes..he had breath'd the Proctor’s dogs.
4. Astron. a. The name of two constellations,
the Great and Little Dog (Canzs Major and
Afinor) situated near Orion; also applied to their
principal stars Sirius and Procyon: see DoG-sTar,
b. The Hunting Dogs, a northern constellation
(Canes Venattc?) near the Great Bear.
1sst Recorve Cast. Know?l. (1556) 268 Northe almost
from this Dogge is ther a constellation of 2 only starres
named Canicula, the lesser Dogge. 1577 B. Goocr //eres-
bach’s Hus, 1. (1586) 210 b, ‘The greate heate of the Sunne
..is most extreame at the rysyng of the lesser Dogge. 1611
Beaum. & Fi. A/aia’s Trag. iv. i, The burnt air, when the
Dog reigns. 1718 Rowe tr. Lucan 428 "Vill the hot Dog
inflames the Summer Skies. 1890 C. A. Younc Uranogr.
§ 41 Canes Venatici (Ihe Hunting Dogs). ‘These are the
dogs with which Bootes is pursuing the Great Bear.
5. Applied, usually with distinctive prefix, to
various animals allied to, or in some respect re-
sembling, the dog:
e.g. Burrowing dog, the Coyore or prairie-wolf, Can/s
latrans ; hunting-dog, a kind of hyena (see Huntinc-
boc); pouched dog, a dasyurine marsupial of Tasmania,
Lhylacinus cynocephalus, also called zebra-wolf/, prairie-
dog (also cod/og. called simply dog in Western U.S.), a
North American rodent (see PrairRIE-DOG),
6. Short for DoGFisu.
1674 Ray Words, (Sea) Fishes 98 Picked Dogs, Catudus
spinax. 1848 C. A. Jouns Week at Lizard 241, 1..fished
in five or six different spots. .there were ‘dogs’, as they are
called, everywhere. .but nothing else. 1860 Woop Xefriles,
Fishes, Insects 71 Vhe destructive. .fish..known by the
names of..Penny Dog, or Miller’s Dog. 1861 Coucn Brit.
Fishes 1. 49 The Picked Dog is the smallest but far the
most abundant of the British Sharks.
7. A name given to various mechanical devices,
usually having or consisting of a tooth or claw,
used for gripping or holding. Among these are :
a. A clamp for supporting something (¢. g. part of a build-
ing), or fastening or holding it in place. ¢ b. An instrument
for extracting teeth (ods.). ¢. An implement for drawing
poles out of the ground (see also Hop-pos), or for extracting
roots of broom, furze, etc. (cf. Doc v. 6 b, and see érx00m-dog,
Broom sé, 6). d. A grappling-iron for raising the monkey
of a pile-driver, or clutching and withdrawing tools used in
well-boring or mining. e. A grappling-iron with a fang which
clutches an object, as a log, barrel, etc. to be hoisted, or
a log to be secured in position for sawing. f. £7. Nippers
used in wire-drawing. g. At the Mint, a device consisting
of two levers mounted on a small carriage running on
wheels along the draw-bench, and so arranged as to con-
stitute a pair of pincers which seize the fillet and draw it
through the opening at the head of the draw-bench. h. One
of ‘the converging set screws which establish the bed-tool
of a punching-press in direct coincidence with the punch’
(Knight Dict. Mech.). i. A projection or tooth acting as
a detent, ¢. g. in a lock; a catch or click which engages the
teeth of aratchet-wheel. j. In a fire-arm=Doc-HEAD 2 b
[cf. F. chien, snaphaunce (Cotgr); so It. cane (Florio), Sp.
can (Minsheu)]. k. A drag for the wheel of a vehicle. 1. ‘A
clamp fastened toa piece suspended on the centres of a lathe,
by which the rotation of the chuck or face-plate is imparted
to the piece to be turned’ (=Carrieri1d), m. An adjust-
able stop placed in a machine to change direction of motion.
(Webster 1864.) n. Shif-building = Doc-sHore. (Smyth
Sailors Word-bk.) 0. ‘A lever used by blacksmiths in
hooping cart-wheels’ (Jamieson 1825). DP. A kind of spike
used on railways for fastening flat-bottomed or bridge rails
to the sleepers : =Doc-nam. q. An appliance for toasting
bread, etc. : cf. Cat sd.1 9, and see Brockett V. C. Gloss.
a. 1 Churchw. Acc. St. Andrews, East Cheap in Brit,
Mag. XX XI. 249 To Barnard the Smyth for x doggs of
Iryn for the Steple weying Ixx Ib. 1552 HuLort, Dogge of
yron to claspe a house from fletyng, retinaculum, trabalis
clauus uel hamus. 1649 Burne Eng. Improv. Impr(1653)
212 Asa Buttress to support it, and may be as serviceable
as an Iron dog as many use. 1892 Law Times Rep. LXV.
582/r The posts of the gantry stand on planks, and are
fixed thereto by iron dogs and dowels.
b. 16rx Corcr., Pelican..a Snap, or Dog, the toole where-
with Barbers pull out teeth.
c. 1727 Braptey Fam. Dict.s.v., An instrument called
a Dog for the more easy drawing the Poles out of the
ground. 1893 C. A. Mottyson Parish of Fordoun xxv. 290
‘The dog, we presume, is still extant .. We will quote ..a
description of the broom-dog..‘It operates somewhat like
a anthdeweer and eradicates the broom in an instant.’
d. 1747 Hooson Miner's Dict. s.v. Boring, For drawing
up the Rods, we have..an Iron Instrument called a Bitch,
and, for unscrewing them, two more we call Dogs.
e. 1740 Dycne & Parpon, Dog..also an utensil for
coopers to carry large casks between two persons, 1750
Brancxey Nav. Expos. 51 Timber Doses, drove into
‘Timber for Horses to draw it about the Yard, or to the Saw-
pits. 1825 Jamieson, Dogs, pieces of iron, having a nig-7a8
form, for fixing a tree in the saw-pit. 1840 R. i3* ANA
DOG.
Bef. Mast xxix. 99 One [block] hooked to the strap on the
end of the steeve, and the other into a dog, fastened into
one of the beams. 2 ,
g. 1859 Add Year Round No. 10. 239 This dog is a small
thin carriage, travelling upon wheels over a bench, under
which revolves an endless chain. Ure's Dict. Arts
ILI. 342 The chain. .in its onward motion — the dog, and
causes it to bite the fillet and draw it through the opening.
i. 1853 C. Tomuinson in Ure's Dict. Arts UI. 142 There
is a dog or lever..which catches into the top of the bolt,
and thereby serves as an additional security against its
being forced back. 1857 Cotqunoun Com. Oarsman's
Guide 32 The dog, or catch, prevents its running down.
j. 1660 Monckton Papers (1884) 36, 1 immediately. .
clapt hold of the dog of the blunderbus. a 1684 Law Mem,
(1818) 225 (Jam.) He lets fall the dog, the pistoll goes off.
1846 Archxologia XXX1. 492 (D.) A contrivance. .for pro-
ducing fire by the friction of the grooved edges of a steel
wheel. .against a piece of iron pyrites .. held in a cock or
dog which | cotta geen it.
k. 19795 7rans. Soc. Arts XIII. 255 This simple and
useful contrivance, called here a Dog, or Wheel-Drag.
1. 1833 J. Hottann Manuf, Metal 11. 134 A contrivance
called the dog and driver, the former being a sort of clutch
screwed upon the end of the work. 1 F. J. Britten
Watch. & Clockm, 168 A lathe furnished with dogs.
©. 1735 Crt. Bk. Barony Urie (1892) 156 He saw the
defenders throw a dogg at each other.
. 4883 Proc. Philol. Soc. 21 Dec.g Dag (spike used on
railways), from form of head which a hats les a dog’s. 1
Labour Commission Gloss., Dogs, a class of nails used for
fastening down rails on sleepers. Each nail consists of a
long spike, with ears on the side of the head, by means of
which the nail may be wrenched up and re-used.
8. One of a pair of iron or brass utensils placed
one on each side of a fireplace to support burning
wood; =ANpIRON ; (more fully called fire-dogs. );
b. a similar support for a dog grate or stove; C.a
rest for the fire-irons.
1596 Unton Invent. 5 One paire of dogges in the Chymly.
a 1661 Futter Worthies ix. (R.), Vhe iron doggs bear the
burthen of the fuel, while the brazen-andirons stand only for
state. 1663 Pepys Diary 7 Sept., Buying several things at
the ironmonger’s—dogs, tongs, and shovels. 1762 FRANKLIN
Remarks Wks. 1887 III. 184 ‘The iron dogs, loggerhead,
and iron pot were not hurt. 1862 H. Aipt Carr of Carr-
Zyon 1. 140 The wood fire .. burnt cheerfully on great brass
dogs upon the hearthstone. A/od. Jronfounders’ Catal.,
Dog stoves .. fine polished brass dogs .. fire basket sloping
forward at the top. /é/d., Fire Dogs..All Brass.
+9. An early kind of fire-arm. Ods.
1549 Compl. Scot. vi. 41 Mak reddy jour cannons. . bersis,
doggis, doubil bersis, hagbutis of eke 1650 Art. Reddi-
tion Edin. Castle, 28 short brasse munkeys alias dogs.
10. Name given to various atmospheric appear-
ances. a. A luminous appearance near the horizon;
also fog-dog, sea-dog. b. Sun-dog, a luminous ap-
pearance near the sun,a parhelion. ¢. /Vater-dog,
a small dark floating cloud, indicating rain.
1825-80 Jamieson, Dog, Sea-dog, a name given by mariners
to a meteor seen, immediately above the horizon, generally
before sunrise, or after sunset..viewed as a certain prog-
nostic of the approach of bad weather. . If this be seen before
sunrise, it is believed that (as they express themselves) it
will bark before night; if after sunset, that it will bark
before morning .. The dog has no variety of colours, but is of a
dusky white. 1847-78 Haciiwe tt, Water-dogs, see Mares'-
Tails, 1867 Suyru Satlor’s Word-bk., Stubb, or Dogg, the
lower part of a rainbow visible towards the horizon, and
betokening squally weather..On the banks of Newfound-
land they are considered precursors of clearer weather, and
termed /fog-dogs. 1869 Lonsdale Gloss., Dog, a partial
rainbow. ‘A dog at night is the farmer's delight.’ 1876
Surrey Provincialisms (E. D. S.), Water-dogs, dark clouds
that seem to travel through the air by themselves, and
indicate a storm, 1892 W. Pike Barren Ground N. Canada
97 Often a sun-dog is the first thing to appear, and more
or less of these attendants accompany the sun during his
short stay above the horizon.
11. Name given to a copper coin used in some
islands in the West Indies ; also to ‘a small silver
coin’ (Smyth) ; see also BLack Doc 1.
1797 W. Buttock in Naval Chron. X. 128 Negro money
called stampees, or black dogs. 181 Ketty Univ. Cambist
(1835) I. 362 ‘There are here [Leeward Islands] small copper
coins, called Stampes, Dogs, and Half Dogs. 1888 Star 18
Feb, 1/4 Fees .. are paid in old Spanish dollars .. and in
a af or French coppers struck in the reign of Louis
XVI. for Cayenne.
12. Short for Doc-wartcu.,
1893 Pemuerton /ron Pirate 151 Towards the second bell
in the second ‘dog’ there was a change.
+18. = Dog-chance, dog-throw at dice: see 18.
1671 H. M. tr. Evasm. Collog. 441 That the throw Conus
was a lucky one, and the dog was unfortunate.
II. Phrases and Proverbs.
14. 70 the dogs: to destruction or ruin; as in
to go, send, throw to the dogs. So not to have a
word to throw at a dog.
1565-73 Coorer Thesaurus, Addicere aliguem canibus, to
bequeat iii
Why
hym to dogs. 1600 Suaxs. A. ¥. LZ. 1. iii. Cel.
, why Rosaline; Cupid haue mercie,
word? os. Not one to throw at a dog.
i. 147.
s, Ile none of it. 1619 R. Harris Drunkard’s Cup
Epist. A ij b, One is coloured, another is foxt, a third is
gone to the dogs. 1732 Pore £. Bathurst 66 Had Cole-
pepper’s whole wealth been hops and hogs, Could he him-
self have sent it tothe dogs? 1770 Footr Lame Lover u.
Wks. 1799 II. 78, I should not have thought he had a word to
throw toa dog. 1809 W. Irvine Anickerd. vir. iv. (1849) 398
He ., threw, porong! to the dogs. 1857 HuGurs Tom
agers 1. vi, Rugby and the School-house are going to
the dogs,
ota
— Oth. w.
| “Zife.
1605 — Macb, v. iii. 47 Throw Pivticke to the |
578
"| Every dog has his day: see Day 15. To
take a dog’s leave: see LEAVE sh. Love me, love
my dog: see LovEv. A dog in the pot: see Por
sb. The scalded dog fears cold water: see SCALDED.
See also BLAck DOG, DoG-IN-THE-MANGER.
15. a. Fight dog, fight bear: see quots. +b. A
dog for (to) the bow, a dog used in shooting; such
dogs, being well trained and obedient, were taken
to typify humble or subservient people’ (Davies) :
cf. Bow sb.1 4d. Obs. ec. To rain cats and dogs:
see CAT AND DOG 2; so fo blow cats and dogs. 4. |
To die like a dog, or to die a dog's death : i.e, a dis-
graceful or miserable death. e. 4 hair of the dog
that bit you: formerly reputed a specific for the
bite of a mad dog; hence allusively, esp. of more
drink used to take off the effects of drunkenness.
f. 70 help a (lame) dog over a stile: see quots.
g. To lead a dog's life: i.e. a life of misery, or of
miserable subserviency ; so to /ead.a person a dog’s
h. Give a dog an ill name and hang him:
see quot. 1818. +L To be old dog at (also to be
dog at): to be experienced in, or adept at. Ods.
j. Dog on it: a form of imprecation; see also
Doc-cone. k. Zo wake a sleeping dog, i.e. some
person or influence which is for the present quiet,
but if aroused will create disturbance. So, Let a
sleeping dog lie. 1. Whose dog is dead? also What
dog is a hanging? What occasion is there for
watching, or for excitement? what's the matter?
m: In many other proverbs and phrases.
&. «1642 Sir W. Monson Naval Tracts m1. (1704) 350/2
You must fight according to the old Saying, yan Dee,
fight Bear; that is, till one be overcome. 1831 Scott Diary
5 Mar., A resolution to keep myself clear of politics, and let
them ‘fight dog, fight bear’.
ee 1386 Cuaucer Merch. 7.770 To Ianuarie he[Damian]
gooth as lowe, As evere dide a dogge for the bowe. — /riar’s
7.71. 1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy, She was made as dogge
for the bowe. 1 Upatt Evrasm. Apoph. 223 a, He..with
lacke of vitailles brought those chop-logues or greate pratlers
as lowe as dogge to the bow.
C. 1738[(see CATAND DOG 2]. 1766 P. THickNnesse Odserv’.
Customs French 106 It blows cats and dogs, as the sailors
say. 1848 Cot. Hawker Diary (1893) II. 292 It blew great
guns and poured cats and dogs.
d. 1529 Rastett Pastonie Gh 1) 57 He lyved lykea lyon,
and dyed lyke a dogge. 1607 Suaks. 77mo0n U. ii. 91 Thou
was't whelpt a Dogge, and thou shalt famish a Dogges
death. 1894 Fenn /1 Alpine Valley 1. 22 To die this dog's
death, out here under these mountains.
e. 1546 J. Hevwoop Prov. (1867) 37, 1 pray the leat me
and my felow haue A heare of the dog that bote us last
night. 16x Corar. s.v. Beste, Our Ale-knights often vse
this phrase, and say, Giue vs a haire of the dog that last bit
vs. (x R. Jones Treat. Canine Madness 204 The hair
of the dog that gave the wound is advised as an application
to the part injured.) 1840 Dickens Barn. Kudge lii,
Drink again. Another hair of the dog that aot ap bo in.
ft. 1546 J. Heywoop Prov. (1867) 32 As good a deede, As
it is to helpe a dogge ouer a style. 1638 Cuitiinew, Relig.
Prot. \. iii. $ 33, pte knew a man out of curtesie, help
a lame dog over a stile, and he for requitall bit him by the
fingers. 1857 Kincstey Two Y, Ago xxv, ‘I can..help
a lame dog over a stile’—(which was Mark's phrase for
doing a generous thing). :
. 15.. Fox MSS. in Strype Eccl. Mem. M1. xxi. 174
Me Ford afterwards had a dogs life among them. _
Foorr Mayor of G.1. Wks. 1799 I. 173 She. .domineers like
the devil : O Lord, I lead the life of a dog. 186r Hucues
Tom Brown at Oxf. x, They've been leading him a dog's
life this year and more,
h. [1730-6 Battey (folio) s.v. Dog, He who would hang
his Dog first gives out that he is net] 1818 Hazurr
Table-t., Nicknames 173 Give a dog an ill name and hang
him, is a proverb. A nickname is the heaviest stone that
the devil can throw ata man, 1886 Miss Tytter Buried
Diamonds xxxix, It is a case of give a dog an ill name and
¥ ‘oct. Ambr, Wis. 1855 I. 260 Dog
on't, ye wicked auld Lucifer, hoo your een sparkle as you
touzle the clergy. 1872 C. Kine Mountain. Sierra Nev.
v. ror ‘ Take that, dog-on-you !"
kK. 1562 J. Hevwoop Prov. § Epigr. (1867) 132 It is ill
wakyng ofa sleapyng dogge. 1607 TorsELt (1658)
658 It is good therefore if you have a Wife, that 1s. .unquiet
and contentious, to let her alone, not to wake an angry a
1864 Car.yLe /redk. Gt, x1. ii, Friedrich is not the man to
awaken Parliamentary sleeping-dogs. 1886 H. Conway
Living or Dead ? xiii, Better let sleeping dogs lie.
1. 1634 Massincer Very Woman i. ii, Whose dog’s
dead now That you observe these vigils? a 1663
Fohn a Begging viii. in Child Ballads v. No. 142, 1809/1
“Why rings all these bells? What dog is a hanging?’
m. 1382 Wycuir £cc/. ix. 4 Betere is a quyc dogge thanne |
a leoun dead. 1388 — Prov. xxvi. 11 As a e that
turneth —_ to his spuyng. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W.
1531) 319 nen #6, -eeree ey ae r +
asy to hisvomyt. . Hevwoop Prov. (1
She will lie as fast as a jo will licke a Tisha. ees
B. Younc Guasso's Civ. Conv. wv. 178 b, It is an olde
verbe, A staffe is sone found to beatea . 1719 De For
Crusoe . ii, It would have made a dog laugh. Cot.
Hawker Diary (1893) I]. 2t0 We went to bed as tired as
. [Cf Doc-rirep.) 1843 /did. II. 236 Old C— held
forth with a long speech, lying as fast as a dog would trot,
1857 Kinastey 7ve ¥. Ago xxi, I feel his heart, There's
Little |
DOG.
life in the old Gi .
pees anon Pe
any ,
Ls does not eat dog’ is the saying , you know.
eid Combinations and attributive uses.
not whet his dog e' you? ¢ R
& Mass. 7rag. Barnavelt u. iv. in Bullen O. PZ. IL. 239
Such a den whe! Featiy Strict. Lyndom.
dog
IL. Aiijb, Ew where full Canina facundia, -
stoucience. ion Bewick Hist. rp eee (1824) mis
Bull-Dog. .the fiercest of all the ind. 1879 HD.
zie Dis. Dogs (1893) ‘Specifics’. .for all dog diseases.
1880 Dawkins Early Man ww. 87 In the upper Pleiocene
period the. .dog family..appear for the first time. Mod. The
wolves, foxes, and j are members of the Dog Tribe.
b. With names of some animals (esp. those
of the dog kind): =Male (cf. 2); as in
hound, hyena, otter, fuppy, tiger ; Doc-Fox, Doc-
woLr. Also humorously dog-cook = man-cook.
1555 Even Decades 96 The dogge tyger chaunsed te
into this pitfaul, geen] Gaz. Me madi Lost ae
Newmarket, an old i Majesties.
Sporting Mag. XL. 136 On nap ay . was shot .. in the
river Avon, a dog-otter. a 1841 1. Hoox Man of many
Friends (D.), A first-rate dog-cook and assisfants.
SeLous 7rav. S.E. Africa 184 An old dog hyzna.
17. General Comb.: a. attributive, as dog-dite,
-breed, -couple, -doctor, -feast, -flesh, -hospital,
-leash, -licence, -life, -muzzle, -show, -soap, -tax,
-truck, -whistle, etc.; serving as food for dogs, as
dog-bran, -cake, DoG-BIscult, etc.
5 Dict. Rust. etc. (ed. 3), * Dog-bite, see Bit ofa
Me Dog. 1883 E. R. peel tn Science pe Se
Two hundred and fifty persons have gone .. to be treated
for dog-bite. a 1661 Hotypay Fuvenal 75 Thou might’st
-- on *dog-bran feed. 1652 Suirtey Sisters 1. i,
Led Away in *dog-couples by rusty officers. :
Stary_ton Juvenad 67 Yhou maist .. w “dog-crusts.
1771 Smottert Humph. Cé. 1. Let. i, yy cont *dog-doctor
was sent for. 1743 Butketey & Cummins Voy. S. Seas 80,
1 was invited to a *Dog-Feast .. It was ex i
Eating. Woop Anim. Life 133 Dog is idered a
delicacy. Thee are several ways in which these dog-feasts
are conducted. 1807 P. Gass ¥ru/. 146 Some. .who prefer
*dog-flesh to fish. 1889 Ruskin Preterita 111.5 aes be
a day or two in a *“dog-hospital. 1609 SkENE Ree aj,
Stat. Will. 12 He may follow his hounds within the Ki
forest, as farre as he may cast his horne or his * isch,
1704 N. N. tr. Boccalini's Advt, fr. Parnass. |, 25 A
Gentleman that wanted a 1 of -muzzles, B.
Cayton Dog-Keeper’s Guide 20 One of the first iin ohn
held in London. (title) The *Dog ‘Tax, in Verse.
1886 Encycl. Brit. XX. 201;2 The imposition of a dog-tax
or licence. 1863 Kincstey Water Bad. i, 1 wish I were a
keeper. .to..have a real *dog-whistle at my button.
b. objective and obj. genitive, as (see
BREAKER ! 3), -breeder, - ing, -fancter, -keeping,
-lover, -owner, -owning, -seller, -skinner, -stealer,
- stealing ,-washing; seealso DOG-KEEPER,-WHIPPER.
1770 Gentl. Mag. XL. 164 To punish the dog-stealer, or
the aan charged wih the exes of apa ain
Zoologist 11, 1099 Dog-fanciers have become practically
acquainted with these influences. 1848 Kincsiey Saint's
Trag.\. i. 38 That a man shall keep his dog-breakers, and his
horse- ers, and his hawk- rs, and never hire him
a boy-breaker or two! Woon Anim, Life 158 The
whole body of quondam -owners, 1889 G. STABLES
‘ennel Comp. i. 10 On dog-washing days.
¢. instrumental, parasynthetic, and” similative,
as dog-bitten, -drawn, -driven, -gnawn adjs.; dog-
eyed, -footed, -hearted, -looked, -looking adjs. See
also d below; also DoG-FACED, -HEADED, -LEGGED.
x60r Hottann P/iny IL. 363 A stone which a dog hath
taken vp with his mouth and bitten, wil cause debate and
di ion in the pany where it is..it is growne into
dwel in
.. to say, You have
Suaks, Lear ww.
a common prouerbe..when we
one house together to be .. at
a dog-bitten stone here among you.
iii. 47 His own unkindness .. gave
dag homed daughters.
(7x) Out comes the
her ts To his
R. L'Estrance Collog. Erasm,
-looking -Beard
18a9 E. Evtiorr Village Patriarch 1, xii, ier,
borne In dog-drawn car. @ sag hes Cook Song of Spirit
of Poverty nu. 3 A dog-gnawn
with certain adjs. = As... asa dog; thor-
oughly, utterly ; extremely ; as dog asleep, -drunk,
-hungry, -lame, -lean, -mad, -poor, -sick, -thick (=
intimate), See also DoG-CHEAP, -TIKED, -WEARY.
r
1552 Hutort, Dogge leane, Norra
Platarch (1678) 12 Cicero was lean, a little eater,
1599 H. Burres Byets drie Dinner O ww, He that saith, he is
-sicke, as sicke as a ; a sicke \ o
lesse. 1611 Cotcr., Dormer en transe, to
to be ina a Fiercner Hum,
Lieutenant 1. i, Would I were drunk ink, I
not feel this. ¢ 1645 Howe. rage 4 . 47 Som of our
— dog. a 'ANNAHILL Poet.
er i 7G, Brome m8 wi’ the
Frui. } was di of the it.
woop Arms (1890) 59 When she (a mare) was
dog-poor and hardly able to self
Greek, S)-logic, dog-rime.
16x Frac 8 an i filthy verses. @ 1625
MS. Bodl. 30. 132, To begge sir’ Tottipate’s in
dogrime verse. 1711 Swirt Z.xvam. No. 50 P5 skill
in that of learning called dog’s D. Dat-
ryMPLE (Ld, Hailes) Anc, Scot. Pormaaas am.) The alter-
nate lines are composed of shreds of
t tary mixed
with what we call Dog-Latin, and the French, Latin de
DOG.
cuisine, 185x THackeray Eng. Hui. vi. (1863) 289 ‘ Nescio
uid est materia cum me’, Sterne writes to one of his friends
‘in dog-Latin, and very sad dog-Latin too) 1884 F. Har-
pag 19th Cent. Mar. 496 Agnostic is only dog-Greek
for ‘don’t know’.
18. Special Comb. a. + dog-ape, a dog-faced
baboon (Dyce), CYNocEPHALUS ; + dog-appetite,
the disease Butimy, or CanmNE appetite (but in
quot. distinguished from this; dog-belt, in Coa/-
mining, a strong broad belt of leather, worn round
the waist, for drawing dans or sledges in the work-
ings; +dog-chance = dog-throw ; dog-dance, a
dance practised by American Indians. + dog-flaw,
a burst of passion (FLAW sé.” 2); + dog-flogger
= Doc-wH1PPER; + dog-given a., addicted to dogs:
dog-grate, a detached fire-grate standing in a fire-
place upon supports called dogs (see 8); dog-
hanging, ‘a wedding feast at which money
was collected for the bride’ (Halliwell); dog-
horse, a worn-out horse, fit only to be made into
dog’s-meat ; + dog-hunger = dog-appetite; dog-
ill = Distemper sd. 4c; dog-in-a-blanket, a
rolled currant dumpling or jam pudding (cod/og.) ;
dog-iron = sense 8 ; + dog-killer, a person ap-
pointed to kill dogs suspected of madness ; dog-
lead, a line to lead a dog with; dog-leader,
a servant in charge of dogs; dog-leaved
a. rare = 1)0G’S-EARED; so dog-leaving, vbl. sb. ;
dog-line, a trace for fastening a dog to a sledge ;
dog-madness = CANINE rabies, hydrophobia;
dog-man, a man in charge of dogs; in quot.
a1861, a dealer in dog’s-meat; dog-master ;
dog-meat, dog’s flesh used as food ; dog-nap, a
short nap taken while sitting (cf. cat-nap s.v. Cat
sb.' 18, also DoG-SLEEP); dog-nose vice (see
quot.); dog-pole (see quot.) ; dog-power, the
mechanical power exerted by a dog, as in turning
a spit, or driving a churn-dasher ; dog-rapper =
Doc-WHIPPER ; so dog-rapping; dog-screw (see
quot. and cf. DoG-naIL); dog-sled, -sledge, a
sledge drawn by dogs, as in the Arctic regions;
+ dog-spasm = Cynic spasm; dog-stopper /Vavt.
(see quot. and Sroprer) dog-stove = dog-grate ;
dog-strop MVaut. (see quot.); dog-tent, a small
tent, so called from its likeness to a dog’s kennel ;
dog-throw, the lowest or losing throw at dice (L.
cants, canicula); dAog-tongs (see quot.); dog-
town (U.5S.), a colony of prairie dogs (see 5);
+dog-wheel, a vertical wheel turned by a dog
inside as a motor. See also DoG-BOLT, -BOX, -BOY,
-CART, etc.
1600 Suaks. A..Y. L. 1. v. 28 If euer I thanke any man,
lle ‘thanke 7S: but that they cal complement is like th’
encounter of two *dog-Apes. 1615 CrookE Body of Man
169 In the disease called Boulimos, there is hunger without
appetite, and in the *Dog-appetite, there is appetite without
hunger. 1842 Branve Dict. Sc., etc. *Dog-belt. 1613 T.
Gopwin Rom. Antig. sag The losing cast, Canis or
Canicula, in English a *Dog-chance. 1671 H. M, tr.
Erasm. Collog. 441, | always cast the unlucky dog-chances.
1807 Pike Sources Mississ. (1810) 84 In the evening we were
entertained with the calumet and *dog dance. 1854 Woop
Anim. Life 134 There is the dog-dance, in which the liver
of the dog is suspended toa pole. .The Indians. .commence
a slow dance round the pole. a1625 Fiercuer Women
Pleased uu. iv, We would soon disburthen you Of that that
breeds these fits, these *dog-flaws in ye. 1806 Churchw.
Ace. St. Martin's, Leicester 5 July (1884) 228 Pt Fewkes
*Dog hn ay 100. ¢x6rr CHapman /éfad x1. 256 As a
*dog-given hunter sets upon a brace of rs His white-
tooth’d hounds. 1881 G. Tl’. Ropinson in Art F¥rvd.(Cent.),
A grate with standards, which we still call a *dog-grate.
1698 VANBRUGH sof tv. ii, Two blind stallions, besides
pads, routs, and *dog-horses. c1785 T. Bewick Waiting
Jor Death in A. Dobson B, §& his Pupils ix. (1884) 155 He..
was judged to be only fit for the dogs. However, one
shilling and sixpence beyond the dog-horse price saved_his
life. 1598 Syivester Du Bartas u. i. 11. Furies 451 The
*Dog-hunger, or the Bradypepsie. @1680 ButLer Rev.,
Miser (1759) il. 342 His greedy appetite to riches is but a
kind of doghunger that never digests what it devours. 1879
H. Davztet Dis. Dogs (1893) 41 Distemper is also known
as the ‘*dog-ill’. 1867 Miss Yonce Six Cushions ix. 72
The *dog-in-a-blanket making its appearance, Clara cut
three beauteous slices, with spiral rings of black currant
alternating with suet. 1883 Old Virginia Gentlem. in
Macm, Mag., Brass *dog-irons of ponderous build. 1614
B. Jonson Barth. Fair u. i, A worthy worshipful man ..
who would take you now the habit of a porter, now of a
carman, now of the *dog-killer, in this month of August.
1665 Ord. Ld. Mayor Lond. Concern. Plague, That the
Dogs be killed by the Dog-killers appointed. 1826 Scorr
Woodst. xxix, Bevis, who was bi ere when he was a
*dog-leader, would not fly at him. 1823 SoutTuey in Life
(1849) I. 69 The thumbing and “dog-leaving. 1886 W. J.
“Tucker &. Europe 137 Being more thumbed, *dog-leaved,
and worn than the others. 1856 Kane Avct. Expl. 1. xx.
252 ‘The leader of the party succeeded in patching up his
mutilated *dog-lines. Ww J. Detacoste tr. Boerhave's
Aphorisms It's called .; because at: pee from
the bite of Dogs, a <j or» Bape 1789 W. Bucnan Pov.
Med. (1790) 477 The rabies canina, or dog madness. a 1861
Mrs. Browninc Napoleon 1/1 in Italy xv, Filch the “dog-
man’s meat To feed the offspring of God. 1879 H. Daxziev
Dis. Dogs (1893) 9 It is an error of modern dog men to wean
cores toosoon. 16rx Barrey Ram Alley w. i. in Hazl.
Dodsley X. 346 When did you see Sir Theophrastus Slop, The
579
city *dog-master? 1854 Woop Axim. Life 134 Another ..
feast, in which, *dog-meat takes a prominent part. 1860 W.
Puiriirs Speeches (1863) 295 That sleepy crier of a New
Hampshire court, who was ever dreaming in his *dog-naps
that the voice of judge or lawyer was a noisy interruption,
and always woke shouting ‘Silence!’ 1874 Knicut Dict.
Mech.,* Dog-nose} ‘tse (Locksmithing), a hand-vise with long,
slender, pointed jaws. Called also Aig-wose vise. 1 P.
Gass ¥rud. 42 An old Indian camp, where we found some of
their *dog-poles. .the Indians fasten their dogs to them, and
make them draw them from one camp to another loaded
with skins and-other articles. 1884 F. J. Brairren Watch
& Clockm, 88 *Dog Screw,a screw with an eccentric head
or with one side of the head taken off, used for attaching
a watch movement to a dome case. 1889 /’al/ Mall G.
1 May 5/3 An account of a recent *dog-sled trip in the
North-west. 1856 Kane Arct. Expl. I, xvi. 185, I have
been out with my ‘*dog-sledge, inspecting the ice. 1615
Crooke Body of Man 754 ‘Vhose conuulsions which we
call Cynicke or *Dogge-spasmes, because by the con-
traction of these, men are constrained to writh and grinne
like Dogges. 1867 SmytH Satlor’s Word-bk. s.v. Stopper
of the Cable, * Dog-stopper, a strong rope clenched round
the mainmast, and used on particular occasions to relieve
and assist the preceding [i.e. the stopper of the cable, or
deck-stopper] when the ship rides in a heavy sea. 1881 Miss
Brappvon A sfh. vi. 71 Wide hearths and *dog-stoves. 1882
Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 43 The strop round the yard is
called the *dog strop, and is a single strop. 1863 KINGLAKE
Crimea 11. 181 Vhe French soldiery were provided with
what they called *dog-tents—tents not a yard high, but
easily carried, and yielding shelter to soldiers creeping into
them. 1880 Lewis & Suort Lat, Dict., Canicula..Vhe
worst throw with dice, the *dog-throw. 1891 Rock 2 Oct. 4
Avery quaint exhibit. . consisting of ‘ “dog-tongs’, formerly
used for expelling dogs from churches, 1873 Gd. Words 77
They have often seen the rattlesnake come out of holes in
a “dog-town, but have never seen any prairie dogs come out
of the same hole. 1756 W. Totvervy //ist, 7wo Orphans
I. 107 A *dog-wheel, for roasting of meat.
b. Combinations with dog’s: Dog’s body, a
sailor's name for dried pease boiled in a cloth ;
+ dog’s face, a term of abuse or reproach ; + dog’s
game, game hunted with dogs; + dog’s hunger =
dog-hunger (sce 18 a) ; dog’s-lug (Maut.) = Doc’s-
EAR sd. 2; dog’s sleep, dog’s trick, see DoG-SLEEP,
Dog-rricK. See also c and d below; also Doa’s-
EAR, -LETTER, -MEAT, -NOSE, -TAIL, ~TOOTH.
1858 Gen. P. Tuomrson Audi Alt, 11. xxviii. 33 What
ungrateful sailors call by the harsh epithets of ‘junk’ and
**dog’s body’. 1676 Hoszes /éad 1, 213 *Dogs-face, and
Drunkard, Coward that thou art. 1610 HoLianp Camden's
Brit. 1. 259 The Conqueror tooke away land both from God
and men, to dedicate the same unto wild beasts and ”Dogs-
game. 1631 R. H. Arraiguin. Whole Creature viii. 58
‘The disease cald the *Dogs hunger, alway eating but never
satisfied. 1882 Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 134 Pass in the
leech from the yard-arms and *dog’s-lug. ;
ec. In names of animals (a) resembling dogs in
some respect, or (0) infesting dogs: as dog-badger
(see quot.); dog-bat, a species of bat having a
head like a dog’s, found in Java; dog-flea, a
species of flea (Pulex serraticeps) infesting dogs;
dog’s-guts, a name for the fish Harfodon ne-
hereus, also called BuMMALO; dog-louse, a kind
of louse which infests dogs; also=dog-tick; dog-
snapper, an American species of fish: see SNAPPER;
dog-tick, a tick of the genus /xodes infesting
dogs. See also DoG-BEb, -FISH, -FLY, Doa’s-
TONGUE,
1741 Conipl. Fam. Piece u. i. 297 There are two Sorts of
Badgers, viz. the *Dog-Badger, as resembling the Dog in
his Feet; anda He 8 adger, as resembling a Hog in his
cloven Hoofs. 1828Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. 1. 66 Pleropus
vostratus..Vhe *Dog-bat of Java. 1841 Penny Cycl. X1X.
117/1 Other species .. have received .. the names of the
species they attack, such as the *dog flea (Padexr Canis).
1552 *Dog-louse [see dog-tick]. 1755 JoHNsoN, Doglouse, an
insect that harbours on dogs. 1775 Romans Hist. Florida
App. 52 The fish caught here..are such as .. red, grey and
black snappers, *dog snappers, mutton-fish. 1552 Hutoer,
*Dogge tyke or louse, ricinus. 1849 JouNsTON in Proc.
Berw. Nat. Club Wl. No. 7. 373 My specimens were
taken from the pointer, and were sent to me as the dog tick.
d. In names of plants (frequently denoting an
inferior or worthless sort, or one unfit for human
food): as +dog’s-apple, a name for the caper
shrub or berry (0és.) ; dog-blow, in Nova Scotia,
the ox-eye daisy, Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum;
dog(’s) cabbage (see CABBAGE sé.! 2); dog’s
camomile (see CaMOMILE 1 b); + dog’s-caul
(-call), Dog’s Mercury ; dog-cherry, the fruit of
Cornus sanguinea (Prior) = DocBERRY 11; dog’s-
chop, Mesembryanthemum caninum ( Treas. Bot.);
+ dog’s-cods, -cullions, various species of Orchi's
= Docsronrs (obs.); dog-daisy, the common
Daisy, Bellis perennis; also in some localities,
and now generally in books, applied to the Ox-eye
Daisy, Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum; dog-
hip, -hep (déa/.), the fruit of the dog-rose; +}dog’s
leek, dog-leek, an old book-name for various
bulbous plants; dog-lichen, Pe/tidea canina (see
quot.) ; dog’s-mouth, the Snap-dragon; dog(’s)-
parsley, Zthusa Cynapium, also called Fool’s
Parsley ; dog-poison = prec. (7veas. Bot.) ; dog-
standard, -stander, a local name for Ragwort,
Senecio Jacobxa; dog-thistle (see THISTLE) ;
dog\’s)-thorn = Doc-RosE; dog(’s)-wheat, a
DOG.
species of couch-grass, 772lécum caninum = D0G-
GRASS. See also DoGBERRY, DoGwoop, etc.
1567 Maret Gr. “orest 36 Capers .. of some it is called
Doggues Bremble, of other some *Doggues Apple. 1578
Lyte Dodoens 11. xxx. 186 The second kinde is now called..
in English..*Dogges Camomile. /éid. 1. liv. 77 The wilde
Mercury is called -in English..*Dogges Call. 1656 Earv
Mon. Advt. fr. Parnass. 27 Mallows, Henbane, Dogs-
caul, and other pernitious plants. 1578 Lyre Dodoeus u.lvi.
222 The first kinde is called..in Latine .. Zesticudus canis,
that is to say, *Dogges Cullions, or *Dogges coddes. 1847
Hacuiwe ti, *Dog-daisy, the field daisy. North. 1888
Sheffield Gloss., Dog-daisy, the common wild daisy, Bedlis
ferennis. [So in Glossaries of Cumberland, Lonsdale,
Whitby, etc.] 1894 Barinc-Goutp S. France I. 102 The
meadows were white as with dog-daisies. 1853 G. JoHNSTON
Bot. East. Borders 75 Rosa canina, Dog-Rose. Briar-
Rose: the *Dog-hep. 1892 Northumberland Gloss., Deg:
hips and cat-haws are commonly associated by children.
1548 ‘Turner Names of Herbes 21 Bulbine. .maye be called
in englishe “dogges Leike. /déd. 57 Ornithigalum. .may be
called dogleke or dogges onion. 1578 LytE Dodoens u.
xlix, 209. 1861 H. Macmittan Footnotes fr. Nat. 105 The
common *dog-lichen (Pedtidea canina)..was formerly em-
ployed. .as a cure for hydrophobia (hence its specific name).
1839 Putts in Sat. Wag. 18 May 190/1 It has. .received
various names, as *Dog’s Mouth, Lion’s Snap, ‘Toad’s
Mouth, and Snap-Dragon. 1866 7veas. Bot, s.v. Parsley,
*Dog’s P. Athusa Cynapium. 1868 Paxton Bot. Dict.,
Dog Parsley. c1750 J. NeELtson Jrvd. (1836) 122, I do not
fear the man that can kill me any more than I do him that
can cut down a *dog-standard. 1694 WestmacotT Script.
Herb, 29 Vhere is a confusion of names in botanical authours
about Brambles, Briars..*Dog-thorn, &c. 1776 WITHERING
Brit. Plants (801) Il. 174 Triticune caninum, *dog’s
Wheat. Woods and hedges.
Dog (deg), v. VPa.t. and pple. dogged (dpgd).
[f. prec. sb.]
1. ¢rans. To follow like a dog ; to follow perti-
naciously or closely ; to pursue, track (a person,
his footsteps, etc.), esp. with hostile intent.
1519 Horman Vudg. 256 Our ennemyes. .dogged vs at the
backe [a tergo instabat]. 60x Suaxs. Tel. N. 1. ii. 81,
I haue dogg'd him like his murtherer. 1676 WycHEKLEY
Pl. Dealer v.i, The Bayliffs dog’d us hither to the very
door. 1750 Jounson Rambler No. 16 P 12 Eleven painters
are now dogging me, for they know that he who can get
my face first will make his fortune. 1834 PrincLe A/r.
Sk, viii. 257 A lion was .. dogging us through the bushes
the whole way home. 185r Dixon IV. Peni xxix. (1872) 272
Spies and informers dogged his footsteps.
b. fig. Said of immaterial agencies.
1593 Suaxs. Rich. //, v. iii. 139 Destruction straight shall
dogge them at the heeles, 1634 Mitton Covzus 404, I fear
the dread events that dog hea bol, 1795 SouTHEY Foax
of Arcv. 174 Famine dogs their footsteps. a 1859 Macautay
Hist. Eng. (1861) V. 245 Envy such as dogged Montague
through a long career.
+e. To haunt (a place, etc.). Obs. rare.
1600 Dr. Dodypoll ut. v. (Bullen O. P/.), My mistresse dogs
the banket, and I dog her. 1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. tt.
v, Assume disguise, and dog the court In fained habit.
2. zutr. or absol. To follow close. (In quot. 1694,
To continue persistently or importunately.)
1519 Horman Vide. 265 They cam doggynge at the tayle
of our hoste. 1694 R. L’Estrance Fadles cv. (1714) 121 To
lie Dogging at his Prayers so Much and so Long. 1807
J. Moser in Spirit Pub. Frais, X. 7 Should constables dog
at our heels. 1837 WHEELWRIGHT tr. Aristophanes I. 6, I
.. Will not hold my tongue, Unless you tell me, why on
earth we're dogging.
3. trans. To drive or chase with a dog or dogs;
to set a dog on; fig. to hound or drive zz¢o,
1sgt Bottesferd (Linc.) Manor Rec. (MS.), Dogging beast
vicinorum super communem pasturam. 1601 [see DoGcinG
below]. 1794 T. Stone Agric. Lincolush. 62 [Sheep] being
over-heated in being..dogged to their confinement. 1840
H. Cireve in ¥ral. Agric. Soc. 1. 1. 298 Others have
dogged the animal, and worried it to exhaustion. 1847 Busu-
NELL Chr. Nurt. 1. ii. (1861) 264 He may dog his children
possibly into some kind of conformity with his opinions.
4. To furnish or fill with dogs. (sonce-zs5e.)
a 1661 Futter Worthies, Somerset (181 » II. 276 (D.) The
ancient Romans, when first (instead of manning) they
dogged their Capitol.
5. To act as a dog to, to guard as a dog. rare.
1818 Mitman Samor 1. 281 Ah generous King ! That sets
the emaciate wolf to dog the flock ; The hawk to guard the
dovecote.
6. To fasten or secure by means of a dog (see
Doe sb. 7a, e); also éztr. to penetrate with a dog.
1591 in Glasscock Rec. St. Mi ichael’s, Bp. Stortford (1882)
65, liij li. of leade to dog the stones together of y° steple
windowe. | 18799 Lumberman’s Gaz. 15 Oct., We can dog
directly into the hardest knot in the heaviest timber and hold
the log perfectly safe and true. 1886 G. W. Hortcukiss in
Encycl. Brit. XX1. 345/2 When the log reached the carriage
it was dogged. .by the simple movement of a lever.
b. To extract or uproot with a dog (Doe 7c).
1610 W. FoikincHaM Art of Survey 1. ix. 21 Whynnes,
Broome, &c...being..rooted vp by dogging or grubbing.
e. Naut. To fasten, as a rope, to a spar or cable
in such a way that the parts bind on each other, so
as to prevent slipping.
1847 A. C. Key Recov. H.M.S. Gorgon 24 Another pur-
chase was. .lashed round the sheerhead. .and its lower block
was dogged on. 1867 Smytu Sailor’s Word-bk., Dogged,
a mode of attaching a rope to a spar or cable, in contradis-
tinction to racking, by which slipping is prevented ; half-
hitched and end stopped back, is one mode.
+7. Oxford Univ. slang. (See quot., and Cot-
LECTOR 4.) Obs.
1726 Amuerst Terre Fil. xii. 233 The collectors. . having
it in their power to dispose of all the schools so days in
—2
.
DOG.
what manner they please .. great application is madé to
them for gracious days and good schools ; but especially to
avoid being posted or dogged. /did., The first column and
the last column..(which contain the names of those who are
to come up the day and the last day, and which is
called a ) are e: d very dal
8. U.S. slang. Used in imprecations (perhaps
sometimes with a reference to sense 3). Cf. dog on
zt (Doe sd. 15), DoG-Gone.
1860 Bartietr Dict. Amer., Dogeged, a euphemistic oath ;
as, ‘I'll be dogged if I doit’. 1884 ‘Mark Twain’ [Clemens]
Adv. H. Finn (Farmer Amer.), Why, dog my cats! there
must have been a house-full o’ — in there every night.
Hence Dogging v#/. sb. and pf. a. -
1601 Cornwattyes Ess. i, They are commonly hawking,
or dogging fellowes. 161rr Cotcr.
layings .. treacherous dogging, of people. 1688 R. L’Es-
TRANGE py food Times u. Avjb, The Dogging of a
Plot out at Length. 1
Wortley .. holds the balance evenly between ‘dogging’
and _ driving.
Dog, deformation of the word God, used in
profane oaths. Ods.
Esfies, ambushes, way- |
1894 7imes 25 Aug. 3/1 Mr. Stuart- |
cxgso Lusty Fuventus in Hazl. Dodsley 11. 84 By dog’s |
precious wounds, that was some whoreson villain.
Dog, obs. form of Dawk s0.2
Do (déu-gal), a. [ad. It. dagale ducal ; in
med.L. doga/is.] Of or pertaining to a doge.
"ban Wesster. Hence in mod. Dicts.
|| Dogana (doga-na). [It.: see Divan and cf.
Dovane.] A custom-house (in Italy).
1 Evetyn Diary (1889) I. 202 We were conducted to
the Dogana, where our portmanteaus were visited. 1650
Howe Lt Giraffi's Rev. Naples 1. 22. 1828 [J. R. Best]
ltaly as it ts 74. :
b. Customs, customs-duty, duty or impost. In
Italy and Spain.)
18a2 E. E. Wituiams in Dowden Life Shelley (1887) I1. 495.
1838 Prescott Ferd. & /s. (1846) IT]. x. 13 ‘The dogana, an
important duty levied on the flocks of the Capitanate.
| Dogare’ssa. [It., irreg. fem. of doge.] The
wife of a doge.
1820 Byron Mar. Faliero Pref., ‘Towards one of her
damsels, and not to the ‘ Dogaressa’. 1846 L. S. Costetto
Your Venice 294 The fair Dogaressa of the Morosini.
Dogate (dougeit). [ad. F. dogat, Venet. dogato,
f. doge.] The office or dignity of a doge; dogeship.
1727-51 CHAMBERS Cycl. s.v. Doge, The dogate is elective.
1881 Daily News 17 Sept. 3/3 The linen cap, or velo ducal,
which Lewis Manin wore on the 12th May, 1797, the last
4 of his dogate and of the Republic of Venice.
ogbane: see D0G’s-BANE.
Dog-bee. 1. A bumble bee or a drone. ? Ods.
1530 Patscr. 214/2 Doggebee, dourdon.
2. ‘A fly troublesome to dogs’.
In recent Dicts.
Dogberry! dygberi). [Doc 18d.]
1. The ‘berry’ or drupe of the Wild Cornel or
Docwoop. b. The shrub; also Dogéerry-tree.
isst_ Turner Herbal 1. Mjb, The female is called of
some doze berry tree: sume call it corn tree. 1719-30 tr.
Tournefort’s Compl. Herb. 641 (Jod.) The common wild
female cornus, called the dogwood, or dogberry tree. 1776
Witnerine Brit. Plants (1801) II. 198 Cornus sanguinea,
Dogberry tree, Hounds tree, Hounds berry, Prick wood,
Prick timber. 1 H. Darziet Dis. Dogs (1893) 97 Among
preventives of hydrophobia .. in vogue one time or another
- leaves of the dog-berry tree. :
2. Applied to other shrubs or trees, or their fruit.
a. In Nova Scotia, a kind of mountain-ash, Pyrts
americana; in U.S. the Chokeberry, 2. arbutzfolia
(Cent. Dict.). b. Applied locally in Britain to the
Guelder Rose, the Bearberry, and the fruit of the
Dog-rose. (Britten & Holland.)
Do: berry 2, The name of a foolish constable
in Shakspere's Much Ado about Nothing; thence,
allusively, an ignorant consequential official.
Hence Dogberrydom, Dogberryism.
1864 Miss Brappon Aur. Floyd xxxviii. (Farmer), ‘The
Dogberries of Doncaster..were on the wrong scent. 1855-
81 Hype Crarke Dict., Dogberryism. 1883 Daily Tel.
Dec., Is this firm government? It seems to us Dog-
ism in excelsis. 1895 J. J. Raven Hist. Suffolk 206
In defiance of Dogberrydom.
Do'g-biscuit. Biscuit for feeding dogs.
1858 Simmonps Dict. Trade, Dog-dbiscuit, coarse waste or
broken biscuits sold for feeding dogs. 1870 Buaine Encyc.
Rural Sports § 1502 Dog-biscuits are continually advertised
in the London papers. 1879 H. Darziet Dis. Dogs 7.
Dogbolt, dog-bolt (dg‘gbsult). Also 5 -bolde,
[Origin uncertain ; possibly sense 1 is the original,
but sense 2 is known 130 years earlier.
Goes surmise ‘ Of this word I know not the meaning,
unless it be, that when meal or flower is sifted or bolted to
a certain degree, the coarser is called dog bolt, or flower
for dogs ', has no foundation.)}
+1. Some kind of bolt or blunt-headed arrow ;
perh. one of little value that might be shot at any
dog. Ods.
1sg2 G. Harvey Pierce's ne te 8 The dreadful engine
of phrases instead of thunderboltes shooteth nothing but
dogboltes and catboltes and the homeliest boltes of rude
folly. 6x2 T. James Yesuits’ Down/. 16 Is not thisa..
sacrilegious abuse of Gods .. benefits .. to make them dog-
580
any use’, or ‘one at the command of another’; but
wretch’
generally =‘ contemptible fellow, mean :
~ Se Paston pages Lett. No. 53 jag hn. Sir
ohn Wyndefeld and other wurchepfull men d but
Futwett Ars Adulandi viii.
le Sir Iohn (a chaplayne..) who
er doggeboldes. 1579 U.
1 ij a, On mee ior «i i
is made a doulte and dogbolt of euery seruinge man. ~ a
Lyty Campaspe (1632) G ix, (Granichus ot t
Diogenes that dog should have Manes that dog-bolt, it
rieveth nature and spiteth art. a1619 Beau. & Fe.
| Wit without M. 1. i, ‘To have your own turn served, and
to your friend to be a dogbolt. 1690 SuapweLt Am. Bigot
ut. Wks. (1720) 267 Dog-bolt, to blast the honour of my mis-
tress. [arch, 1823 Scort Peveril vii, 1 would not be such
a dog-bolt as to go and betray the girl.) _ »
+b. attrib. Wretched, contemptible. Ods.
1580 Futke Answers (1848) 212 He doth nothing. .but..
_— like a dogbolt lawyer. 1664 Butler Hud. u. i. 40
ow his dog-bolt Fortune was so low.
3. =Doe sé. 7 a.
1824 Archxologia XX. 555 (D.) The beams are. .fastened
to the sides with bolts not unlike our dog-bolts. :
4. The bolt of the cap-square over the trunnion
of a gun.
1867 Suytu Sailor's Wd.-bk., Dog-bolt, a cap square bolt.
Dog-box. a. A box fora dog to lie in. b, A
compartment in a railway truck or van for con-
veying dogs: cf. Box sb.? 12. :
1815 Sporting Mag. XLVI. 138 A mallard saps | to
Mr. ‘Tucker. .was observed to resort every evening to a dog-
box in his yard. 1862 Emma Davenport Live Toys xiv,
Shut up in a dog-box on the train.
Dog-boy. A boy in charge of dogs; a hunts-
man’s assistant.
1612 Davies Why /reland, etc. (1747) 179 His dogges and
Dog boyes. 1859 JerHson Brittany ix. 146 Three hounds,
accompanied by a dog-boy.
Dog-bramble. Also dog’s-, A name for
various thorny shrubs: +a. (Dog’s bramble) the
caper-shrub, Cafparis spinosa. +b. = Doc-
BRIER. @. A kind of currant, Atbes Cynosbati.
1567 Martet Gr. Forest 36 Capers .. called Doggues
Bremble, of other some Doggues Apple. 1599 MINsHEU she
Dict., Escaramujo, wilde eglantine, dogbramble. 1
Mutter P/ant-n., Bramble, Dog, Xibes Cynosbat?.
a Dog-brier. Obs. [transl]. of L. sentis canis,
Gr, xuvésBatos.] The wild brier.
1530 Pascr. 214/2 Dogge brere. 1565-73 Coorrr 7/e-
saurus, Sentis canis, wilde Eglantine, or dogge bryer.
1591 Percivatt Sp. Dict., Farra perruna, dogge brier,
Canis rubus. a1682 Sir 'T. Browne 7'racts g ‘The Hipp-
briar is also named KvvoaBaros, or the Dog-briar or Bramble.
Dog-cart. 1. A small cart drawn by dogs.
1668 Perys Diary 13 June, Walked..through the city
[Bristol]..No carts, it standing generally on vaults, only
dog-carts. 1854 /dustr. Lond. News 8 July 7/1 The dog-
cart nuisance. .the use of carts drawn by dogs.
2. A cart with a box under the seat for i ed
men’s dogs; now, an open vehicle for ordinary
driving, with two transverse seats back to back,
the hinder of these originally made to shut up so
as to form a box for dogs.
1803 C. K. Suarre Lett. 33 July (1888) I. 178 His lordship
.. keeps horses and curricles and dogs and dog-carts, and
gives dinners..to all the rascality of Oxford. 1822 Miss
Mitrorp in L'Estrange Life (1870) I. 182 Our equipage,
a most commodious dog-cart. 1861 Romance Dull bi fe xiii.
98 The closed carriage being better than the dog-cart, for
the weather had changed, and it was cold.
Dog-cheap, ado. and pred. a. arch. [See Doe
17d and CHEAP a. 6.) Extremely cheap; at a very
low or contemptible price.
1526 J. RasteLt 100 Merry Tales \xxv. (1866) 126, I wyl
say you .ii. gospels for one grote, & that is dog chepe. why
Houinsuev Chron. Eng. 476 In these daies wool was dog-
cheape. 1650 R. Staryiton Strada's Low C. Warres vit.
77 The Souldiers carryed most of their Plunder to Antwerp,
and sold it..dogg-cheape. 1829 Scott ¥rn/. 2 June, They
might..have the.. property for £ 16,000, which is dog cheap.
b Jig. Little esteemed ; in vile repute.
1607 Dekker Ants. Conjur. (1842) 38 Three thinges there |
[i.e, in Venice] dog-cheap, learning, poore mens sweat, and
oathes. @1846 Lanvor /mag. Conv. Wks. 1868 li. 33
| ‘Trajan. .holds all the gods dog-cheap.
Pog-oetax.
1. A collar for a dog’s neck.
1524 Ld. Treas, Acc. Scot. in Pitcairn Crim. Triads 1.
pd ornis, leschis, and dog-collaris. 1580 Hottysanp
Treas. Fr. Tong, Vn collier qu'on met aus chiens..a dog
coller. 1673 in Rogers Agric. § Prices V1. 604 Dog collar.
A name given to close-fitting collars worn by
| men and women.
bolts in every bow, and shafts in vey quiver, to draw out |
for the any imp fact
+2. Applied to a person as a term of contempt
or reproach. Perh. orig. =‘ Mere tool to be put to
|
|
1883 E. C.G. Murray People J have Met 42 (Farmer)
The dog-collar which rose a
spotless purity. 1890 Daily News 9 June 9/1 Another lady
wore. .a dog collar of pearls and diamonds. 1894 G
Her. 6 Dec., Dr. Donald Macleod. .{said that] he was
to introduce what was known as the ‘ dog collar’... It was
now recognised as the ecclesiastical collar.
» 3b, pl. [tr. L. dies caniculares:
see’ CANICULAR. ]
1. The days about the time of the heliacal rising
of the —_—— noted from ancient times as the
hottest and most unwholesome period of the year.
They have been variously calculated, as depending on the
greater dog-star (Sirius) or the lesser dog-star (Procyon);
on the heliacal, or (by some in modern times) the cosmical
rising of either of these (both of which also differ in different
latitudes); and as, preceding, following, or both preceding
and following, one of these epochs; and their duration has
!
|
|
|
|
|
|
DOGFALL.
been variously reckoned at from 30 to In the
latitode of Greenwich, the comical déing of now
cates plete alenes [uly a7, ee Eevee t Aug. 11; in
Medi latitudes, the former is , the
latter earlier. i rising is some days than
ing
The name (Gr. jucpar xvvades, Lat. dies iculares) arose
from the pernicious qualities of the season being attributed
to the ‘influence’ of the -star; but it has long been
popularly associated with the belief that at this season dogs
are most apt to run mad ; see CANICULAR 1, quot. 1601.
1 Exyor Dict., Canicula..a sterre, w canicular
or dogge days be named Dyes caniculares. 1597-8 Br.
Hatt Sat. iv. i. 138 My double draught may quench his
dog daies rage. 1660 T. M. Hist. /ndepend.1v.52 For now
(it being the Dog-dayes) the house grew so hot, that diverse
members withdrew. 1712 E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea Hotter
in January, than Italy in the -Days. 1842 Penny Cycl.
Gi
XXII. 62 s.v. Sirius, Even at this day, when the heats of
the latter part of the summer are excessive, we are gravely
told that we are in the dog-days.
b. Rarely in sing.
1769 Rurrueap Life Pope 35 (L.) Is it to make
a complaint of this kind Ce, that every ay should
Demag Oars ee: ;
2. fig. An evil time ; a period in which malignant
influences prevail.
21555 Puiteot Exam. & Writ, (Parker Soc.) 283 Neither
that any giddy head in these dog-days might e an
ple by you to di from Christ's true church. 1629
N. Carrenter Achitophel 1. 10 What then shall wee now
expect in these dogge-dayes of the worlds declining age?
1835 I. TayLor Sfir. Desfot. vii. 306 During the dog-days
of the Romish spiritual despotism.
3. attrib. Dog-day: Of the dog-days.
1719 YounG Busiris u. i, Like pois’nous vermin in a dog-
day sun. 1807-8 W. IrvinG Sa/mag. (1824) 223 Surely never
was a town more subject to midsummer fancies and dog-day
whim-whams, 1857 THoreau Maine W. (1894) 315, T bens
the dog-day locust here.
dom dg'gdam). Aumorous. [see -DOM.]
The domain or world of dogs; dogs collectively.
1854 Cham. Frni. 11. 280 A graduate in horse-management
and dogdom. 1892 Pall Mail G. 11 Feb. 7/2 The Dog
show.. bringing together 3,000 specimens of dogdom.
+ Dogdrave, -drawe. Ols. Some kind of
sea-fish used for food; ? cod.
[1227 Rotuli Litter. Clausarum 20 Feb. 11.172 Naves pis-
carias quae. .consueverunt ire ad piscariam de |
1367 in Rogers Agric. & Prices (1866) IL. 556 rave.
14.. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 586/22 Gerra, a
1858 //ist. Coldingham Priory 55 There are in the accounts
. references to cod and ling, dog-draves and herrings.
+ Dog-draw. /orest Law. The act of ‘ draw-
ing after’ or tracking venison illegally killed or
wounded, by the scent of a dog led with the hand.
1598 Manwoop Lawes Forest xviii. § 9 (1615) 1
, draw is, where any man hath stricken or wouadaa Deets
beast..and is found with a Hound or other Dogge drawing
after him, to recover the same, 1708 J. CHAMBERLAYNE
Jt. Gt. Brit, 1... vi. (1743) 186 The foresters may take and
arrest a man, if he be taken either at Dog-draw, Stable-
“T Doge (io-d5 oy aS es 11), ad
lj e (ddudz). a. F, é (monosyll.), ad,
Venetian doge (disyll.), repr. an It. *doce =duce :—
L. duc-em (dux) leader, — The title of the
chief magistrate in the formerly existing republics
of Venice and Genoa.
1549 Tuomas /ist. /talie 77 a (Stanf.) They haue a Duke
called after theyr maner, Doge. 1645 Evetyn Diary June
(1889) 1. 203 ‘The Doge..together with the Senat in their
gownes, imbarked in their selon Berton caryed and
gilded Bucentora. 1776-81 Gispon ol. & F Ax. (R.), The
annual election of the twelve tribunes was supe! by
the permanent election of a duke or doge. Browninc
Toccata of Galuppi's ii, At Venice .. w the used
to wed the sea with rings. ‘ '
b. ¢ransf. and fig. Applied to any chief magis-
trate or leader. mid
pt . Strance Germany in 1831 1. 6: is League...
Bt Be Doge, the bungoimnater at Lubeck; received the
ors of emperors monarchs. 1863 Reape Hard
Cash 1, 10 Young Hardie was Doge of a studious clique.
Hence Do‘gedom, the dominion of a doge; the
world of dloges, doges collectively. Do'geless a.,
without a doge. Do'geship, the office or rank of
| a doge; the dignity or personality of a doge.
the black cloth was of |
1893 Marc. Symonps Doge's Farm: 225 All the potentates
of Oe ieeniee 1818 Byron Ch. Har. ww. iv, The less
city’s vanish’d sway. Govt. Venice 181 In the .
ship of Renier Zen. .the Grand Council added four more to
them. 1821 Byron oscar? tv. i. 294 His Dogeship answer'd.
ear, var. of Doa’s-Ean.
Dogeon, obs. form of DuncEon.
Dog-faced (dp'gféist), 2. Having a face like
that of a dog; esp. in Dog-faced wt = CYNO-
CEPHALUS, (In quot. 1873, tr. Gr. euy@ms.)
1607 Tors. Four-/. Beasts (1658) 9 He describeth them
to be black haird, 1802
faced, and like little men.
Binctry Anim. Biog. (1813) I. 77 The dog-faced
B. D. Watsu Aristoph., Knights 1. iii, Before a
dog-faced monkey. Boe 5 tare Grk. Poets vii. 227 Those
dog-faced, Fierce-eyed, infernal ministers, dread !
Kg oerg dog-fall. /restling. A fall in
which both ost touch the ground together.
1828 Blackw. Mag. XXIII. 100 It is pronounced a dog-
~ fall—or a draw.
DOG-FENNEL.
1858 Hucues Scouring White Horse vi.
131 Both fell on their sides, and it was only a dog-fall. ;
‘Dog-fennel. Also dog’s-fennel. [Irom its
bad smell, and fennel-like leaves.] A name for
Stinking Camomile, Anthemis Cotula.
1 Firzners. Hush. § 20 Doggefenell and mathes is
bone one, and..beareth many white floures, with a yelowe
sede. _ Lyte Dodoens 11. xxx. 186 The second kind. .is
now called .. in English’ Mathers, Mayweede, Dogges
Camomill, Stincking Camomill, and Dogge Fenell. 1885
Harper's Mag. Apr. 702/2 There was no dock, nor dog-
fennel, nor rag-weed,
+b. Also applied to Sulphur-wort, Peucedanum
palustre. Obs.
1529 Grete Herball cccxxx. Sv b, Peucedane is an herbe
- called dogfenell or swyne fenell.
Do'g-fight. A fight between dogs. So Dog-
fighting. 2
201475 Hunt. Hare 233 Sum seyd it was a beyr-beytyng,
Sum seyd it was a dogg-feghttyng. a1656 Br. Hatt Rew.
61 (T.) To clap their hands, as boys are wont to do in dog-
fights. 1670 Evetyn Diary 16 June, Cock-fighting, dog-
fighting, beare and bull baiting. 1879 H. Spencer Data of |
, .
hics xii. § 80. 215 It needs but to ask whether men who
delight in dog-fights may be expected to appreciate Beet-
hoven’s Adelaida.
Do'g-fish, dogfish. |
1. A name given to various small sharks of the
families Sguwalidex (Spinacide), Galeorhinide(Car-
chariidex), and Scylliidx, or to the sharks of these
families collectively; esf. in Great Britain, the
Large and Small Spotted Dogfish (Scy/éum catulus,
S. canicula), and in New England, the Picked
Dogfish (.Sgealus acanthias).
¢ 1475. Pict. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 765 Hic canis, a doke-
fyche. 1530 Patscr. 214/2 Doggefysshe, chien de mer.
1672 Jossttyn New Eng. Rarities 33 The Dogfish, a
ravenous Fish. 1766 Pennant Zoo/. (1769) III. 77 The
picked dogfish takes its name from a strong and sharp spine
placed just before each of the back fins. 1861 HuLMe tr.
Moquin-Tandon ur, ui. i. 108 Dr, Delattre has obtained it
[{shark-oil] from the.. Lesser spotted Dogfish.
b. Applied also to the mud-fish (Amia-calva) ;
to the blackfish (Dadlia pectoralis) ; to a kind of
wrasse (Crenilabrus caninus); and to the mud-
puppy, a batrachian reptile (Vecturus maculatus.
1889 Farmer Amer., Dog-/ish, the mud fish of Western
waters.
2. fig. Applied opprobriously to persons.
1589 Pappe w. Hatchet Bijb, Whie are not the spawnes
of such a dog-fish hangd? ‘1591 Suaxs. 1 Hen. I''/. 1. iv.
107 Puzel or Pussel, Dolphin or Dog-fish, Your hearts Ile
stampe out with my Horses heeles. 1731 Swirt Pulteney
Wks. 1755 1V.1. 167 A pack of dog-fish had him in the wind.
Hence Dog-fishing wé/. si., fishing for dog-fish.
1885 C. F. Hotper Marvels Anim. Life 190 Everybody
goes dog-fishing.
Dog-fisher, an appellation given by Walton to
the Otter (as a dog-like beast living on fish).
(By a strange error, explained by Johnson as ‘A kind of
fish’; whence in subsequent dictionaries.)
1668 WaLton Compl. Angler (ed. 4) 49 The Otter devours
much fish .. And I can tell you that this Dog-fisher, for so
the Latins call him, can smell a fish in the water.a hundred
yards from him ... and that his stones are good against the
falling sickness,
a (Oe :
1. An English rendering of Gr. evvdyua; which
writers have tried to identify with British flies
troublesome to dogs: see quots.
14.. Metr. Voc. in Wr.-Wiilcker 625 Dogflye, ciniphex.
1552 Hutort, Dogge flye, cynomyia. 1610 Hratey S?.
Aug. Citie of G 753 rigen compareth the dogge-flye
vnto thir sect. 1631 R. Byrietp Doctr. Sabb. 1 Such as
are these Dog-flies, such are unquiet men. 1658 RowLanp
Moufet's Theat. Ins, 934 Kuvouvia, Musca canum, in
English a Dop-ay .. Isidore, and Euthymius, and Philo,
suppose it to be a Wood-fly, very irksome to the ears of
Dogs. 1753 Cuambers C. ‘ycl. Supp., Dog-Fly, Cynomyia..
a species of fly common in woods and among bushes, and
particularly troublesome to dogs..It somewhat resembles
the flat black fly so troublesome to cattle.
2. Asa term of abuse (tr. Gr. eovépua].
¢x6rx Cuarman //iad xxi. 366 [Mars to Minerva] Thou
ar what's the cause Thou mak’st Gods fight thus?
jog-fox. a
1. A male fox. (Cf. Dog sd. 2, 16 b.)
1576 Turperv. Venerie 183 The female of a foxe is called
a bitche and he himselfe a doggefoxe. 1659 Osuorn
Misc. Wks. (1673) 613 A Dog-Fox and an Ordinary Bitch
will generate. 1749 Fiecpinc Yom Yones x. vii, We have
got the dog-fox, I warrant the bitch is not far off. 1880
Times 2 Nov. 4/6 A full-brushed, high-conditioned dog-fox.
b. Applied to a man.
1606 Suaxs. Tr, § Cr. v. iv. 12 That same dog-fox Vlisses.
2. The name of certain small burrowing animals
of the family Canide, as the Corsac, resembling
both the dog and the fox.
Dogfully, adv. humorous nonce-wd. [f. Doc
5b., after manfully.] In a way worthy of a dog;
with the courage or persistency befitting a dog.
1861 Fraser's Mag. June 770 Still he [the terrier] buckles
to his work dogfully. ~ 1880 P. Gittmore On Duty 299.
Doggar, var. GER 3, ironstone.
Doyyed (dg'géd), a. (adv.) Also 5 dogget,
doggid, doggyd(e, 6 Sc. doggit. [f. Doc sd. +
-ED?: cf. CRABBED, which appears to be of about
the same age.]
581
1. gen. a. Like a dog; having the character, or
some characteristic, of adog. b. Of or pertaining
to a dog or dogs, canine. + Dogged appetite,
hunger; =CANINE appetite, BuLIMy (0ds.). (Now
rare in gen. sense.)
¢ 1440 Promp. Parv. 125/2 Doggyd, caninus. 1589 Pas-
quil’s Ret. 12 This dogged generation, that is euer barking
against the Moone. 1595 SHaks. Yohn wW. iii. 149 Now for
the bare-pickt bone of Maiesty, Doth dogged warre bristle
his angry crest, And snarleth in the gentle eyes of peace.
1608 Hizron 2nd Pt. Def Reas. Refus. Subscript. 121
That hunger which Phisitions cal the dogged appetite. 1658
J. Jones Ovid's [bis 594 Dianas guard the Tragic poet slew,
So be thou torn by a watchful dogged crew. 1740 PINEDA
Sp. Dict. s.v. R, This Letter.. They call..dogged, because
it sounds like the Noise a Dog makes when he growls.
2. Having the bad qualities of a dog; currish.
+a. Ill-conditioned, malicious, crabbed, spiteful,
perverse ; cruel. (Of persons, their actions, etc.)
@ 1307 Pol. Songs (Camden) 199 The fals wolf stode behind ;
He was doggid and ek felle. “¢ 1400 Destr. Troy 10379 Of
so dogget a dede. c1440 Promp. Parv. 125/2 Doggyde,
malycyowse, maliciosus, perversus, bilosus. 1540 MoRYSINE
Vives’ Introd. Wysd, H viijb, It is a token of a dogged
harte, to rejoyce in an other mans mysfortune. 1663 BUTLER
Hud, 1, i. 632 Fortune unto them turn’d dogged. For they
a sad Adventure met. 1684 Rox, Ball. (1895) VIII. 40
‘This dogged answer cut this poor soul to the heart.
+b. transf. Of things: Awkward, ‘crabbed’,
difficult to deal with. Ods.
1634 Sir T. Hersert 77vav. 66 ‘The most craggie, steepe,
and dogged Hils in Persia. 1677 YarRANTON Ang. [inprov.
147 The Spanish [Iron] works tough, churlish and dogged.
ec. Ill-tempered, surly; sullen, morose. Now
with some mixture of sense 3: Having an air of
sullen obstinacy.
cx1400 Ron. Rose 4028 If Bialacoil be sweete and free,
Dogged and felle thou shuldist be. 1593 Nasue Christ's 7.
55 There is vaine-glory in..being Diogenicall and dogged.
1667 Perys Diary (1879) 1V. 424 My wife in a dogged
humour for my not dining at home. 1757 J. Rutty Diary
5 Feb. in Boswell Yohnson, Very dogged or snappish. 1852
Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xli, Legree..looked in with
a dogged air of affected carelessness, and turned away.
3. Having the persistency or tenacity characteristic
of various breeds of dogs; obstinate, stubborn ;
pertinacious, (‘The current use.)
1779 JouNson 1 Apr. in Boszwe//, [He commended one of
the Dukes of Devonshire for] ‘a dogged veracity’. 1818
Scotr Rob Roy xxx, An air of stupid impenetrability, which
might arise either from conscious innocence or from dogged
resolution. 1855 Prescorr Philip I/, 1. 11. viii. 229 The
dogged tenacity with which he clung to his purposes. 1863
Kincstey Water Bad. vii. (1878) 323 He was such a little
dogged, hard, gnarly, foursquare brick of an English boy.
1874 Biackte Se/fCult. 20 In this domain nothing is denied
to a dogged pertinacity.
4. Comb., as + dogged-sprighted a., having a
‘dogged’ or malicious spirit (ods.).
1600 Rowranps Let. Humours Blood vii, 84 Enuie's the
fourth: a Deuill, dogged sprighted.
B. as adv. * As a dog’; very, extremely. col/og.
or slang. (Cf. Doe sd. 17 d.)
1819 Sporting Mag. 1V. 272 He [a horse] was dogged
‘rusty’ when your man passed our house. 1847-78 HALLi-
WELL, Dogged, very ; excessive. Var. dial.
Doggedly (dygédli), adv. [f. prec. + -LY 2.]
In a dogged manner: see prec.
+1. Like a dog (in appearance or manner). Ods.
1591 PercivaLt Sp. Dict., Emperradamente, doggedly,
Canino more. 1638 Sir T, Herbert 77av. (ed. 2) 13 Seales
as ‘* as Lyons, and..doggedly visaged.
+2. Like a dog (in bad sense) ; currishly, +a.
Cruelly, maliciously, spitefully. Ods.
¢ 1380 Sir Ferumb, 1289 Doggedlich y schal hem grete.
¢ 1400 Destr, 7roy 1398 And hou so doggetly has done in pi
derfe hate. 1589 Pappe w. Hatchet (1844) 39 Then he
concludes all doggedlie. 1655 Hrywoop & Row ey Fort.
by Land uw. Wks. 1874 VI. 398 We have used him so
doggedly.
b. Surlily, sullenly ; with sullen obstinacy.
1683 Kennett tr. Zrasm. on Folly 57 He would not fret,
nor doggedly repine, 1780 Jounson Let. to Mrs. Thrale 23
May, You cannot think how doggedly I left your house on
Friday morning. 1838 Lyrron Adice 100 ‘For my part,
I shall resign’, said Lord Saxingham doggedly.
8. With the persistence of a dog; obstinately,
stubbornly, pertinaciously.
1773 JOHNSON 16 Aug. in Boswell, Nay..a man may write
at any time if he will set himself daggedZy to it. 1807
Soutney Let. to Scott 8 Dec., It never does to sit down
doggedly to correct. 1839-40 W. Irvine Wolfert’s R. (1855)
209, I. .studied on doggedly and incessantly. 1856 FRoUDE
Hist. Eng. (1858) II. vii. 203 He doggedly adhered to his
assertions of his own innocence.
Doggedness (dy:gédnés). [f. as prec. + -NESS.]
The quality or condition of being dogged.
1, Malice, spitefulness, cruelty. Ods.
1530 Patscr. 214/2 Doggednesse, cruavité. 1593 NAsHE
Christ's T. 4 Their disloyaltie and di SB gee He M.
Hopson Div. Right Govt. i ii. 5 Hazaels..fury and deged.
nesse unto them.
b. Ill temper, surliness, sullenness. Now, Sullen
obstinacy ; pertinacity. (Cf. Docexp 2c and 3.)
1611 Corcr., Rechignement, a powting, sullennesse, dog-
gednesse. 1647 Litty Chr. Astrol. clxxvi. 746 Inclinable
to..solitarinesse, pertinacy, and what in the vulgar English
we call oe ao age 1770 Westey Jrud. 3 Feb. (1827)
III. 376 He hides both fis doggedness and his vanity.
1824 Ldin. Rev. XL. 85 A patient and persevering dogged-
ness of understanding in contending with difficulties. 1877
|
|
|
|
DOGGEREL.
A. B. Epwarps Uf Nile v. 113 Our sailors, by dint of sheer
doggedness, get us round the bad corner at last.
Dogger | (dg'gaz). [Anglo-Fr. and ME. dog-
gere; also in Du. and LG. from 15th c. Origin
uncertain.
The Du. word is evidently related to the obscure MDu.
dogge, in phr. ten dogge varen to go to the cod-fishing ; cf.also
Kilian, ‘ dogghe-boot cymba major’; Hexham, ‘ Dogge-boot,
Great-bark’. Akin to dogge or dogger is the Icel. dugga in
same sense ; with the statement cited by Vigfusson that thirty
English fiski-duggur came fishing about Iceland in 1413, cf.
our quot. 1491 and the reference there given. The Dogger-
bank is generally supposed to be named either from this
word or MDu. dogger trawler; cf. Kilian, ‘dogger funda,
sacculus, reticulfm’; Hexham, ‘ Dogger, Fisher's Boat’ ;
also ‘ Sling or casting net, also Satchell.’)
1. A two-masted fishing vessel with bluff bows,
somewhat resembling a ketch, used in the North
Sea deep sea fisheries: formerly applied to English
craft as well as those of other nations, but now
practically restricted to Dutch fishing vessels
(though out of use in Holland itself).
In the 17thand 18th. they frequently acted as privateers.
1356 Act 31 Law. ///, 1. c. 1 Tow3 les niefs appelles
Doggeres. 1491 Hen. VII. in Paston Lett. No. g22 II. 367>
That..all the dogers of thos partes schuld have our licens
to departe in the viage towardes Islond, as they have been
accustommyd to do yerly in tyme passyd. 1566 R.
Micuetts in A. Suckling Suffolk (1847) 86 Then there were
thirteen or fourteen doggers belonging to the said town, and
now but one. 1666 Loud. Gaz. No. 25/4 The Coast at
Bridlington has not for 10 dayes been infested with any
Capers, save onely one Dogger of 8 guns. 1680 /éid. No.
1548/4 ‘The Adventurers of the Royal Fishery, are now fitting
out their Doggers from the River .. for the White Herring
and Cod Fishings. c¢ 1682 J. Coviins Making Salt Eng.
111 The Dutch.. have out this Winter 220 Dog 1692
Lurtrett Brief Rel. (1857) 11. 494 A French dc r was
brought in prize there. 1799 Sir H. Parker in Vavad
Chron. 1. 347 Two Spanish doggers, sloop rigged. 1810
Hull Rockingham 15 Dec. 2/1 The beautiful oak-built
Dogger called the Rover. 1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle xv.
(1859) 358 Like a clumsy dish-shaped Dutch dogger. 1867
SaytH Satlor's Word-bk., Dogger, a Dutch smack of about
150 tons. . principally used for fishing on the Dogger Bank.
+ 2. One of the crew of a dogger =dogyer-man.
1533-4 Act 25 Hen, 1 ///, c. 4 Suche person or persones, as
.. be doggers otherwyse callid Doggermen.
3. Short for Dogger Rank: see 4.
1887 E, J. Matuer (¢/¢/c), Nor’ard of the Dogger.
4. Comb. a. In apposition, as + dogyer-boat,
-caper, -pink, -privateer. b. similative, as dogges-
built, -rigged adjs. @. Dogger Bank, + dogger-
sands, name of a great bank or shoal in the North
Sea; dogger-fish sé. f/., fish taken by doggers or
on the Dogger Bank; dogger-man, one of the
crew of a dogger (see 2).
1666 Lond. Gaz. No. 31/4 Some few Dogger boates plying
about the “Dogger banks, whereof five labor to infest those
parts. 1836 YARRELL Brit. es (1859) 1. 531 The Dogger
Bank Cod. 1885 Lye//'s Elem. Geol. vi. (ed. 4) 81 That great
shoal called the Dogger-bank, about sixty miles east of the
coast of Northumberland, and occupying an area about as
large as Wales. .in its shallower parts is less than forty feet
under water. 1662 J. Smitu England's Iniprov. Rev. 252
‘The Hollanders fishing for Herring, Ling, and Cod, with
Busses and *Dogger-boats. 1680 /ond. Gaz. No. 1526/4
Pink, *Dogger built. 1703 /d/d. No. 3889/4 A *Dogger
Caper, of 4 Guns and 45 Men, belonging to Ostend. 1356
Alct 31 Edw. ///, ui. c. 2 Assiz sur le pesson de *Doggere-
fissh & lochefissh. 1607 CowELL {uterpr., Doggerfish..
seemeth to be fish brought in those ships to Blackeney
haven. 1703 Loud. Gaz. No. 3939/3 A *Dogger Pink, of
about 150 ‘Tuns. 1745 VERNON in WVavad Chron. 1X. 191
A..*dogger privateer has been taken. 1805 Mitcuect /éid.
XIII. 493 The..Privateer Orestes, *Dogger rigged. 1665
Lond. Gaz. No. 9/2 They saw not one Man of War, but
within the *Dogger-sands about twelve Dogger-Boats.
Dogger *. vave. One who dogs: see Dogz. 1.
1611 Coter., Esfie, a spie..obseruer, dogger of people.
Dogger 3 (dg:ga1). Also 8 Sc. -ar. [local term
of uncertain origin, perh.a deriv. of Doc.]
1. dal. A kind of ironstone, commonly found in
globular concretions; a nodule of this; = Car-
HEAD 2,
1670 W. Simpson //ydrol. Ess. 63 A mine, in colour much
resembling that of alom .. usually called by them Doggers,
or Cats-heads. 1757 Wacker in Phil. Trans. L. 145 Another
fossil of a brown colour. . called by the miners dogger; a thin
seam of which often lies in the midst of the coal. 1793 Ure
Hist. Rutherglen 253 (Jam.) The most uncommon variety
of till..is incumbent on a coarse iron-stone, or doggar.
1876 IVhithy Gloss., Scar-doggers ..the stone nodules in the
alum rock burnt for making Roman cement. :
2. Geol. A sandy ironstone of the Lower Oolite ;
applied to part of the Jurassic series.
Dogger-series, the series of strata resting upon the Alum
Shale (Upper Lias), containing the dogger. .
1822 G. YounG Geol. Surv. Yorksh. (1828) 126 This. .seam
is only a few feet above the dogger. 1885 Lyeld’s Elem.
Geol. xx. 311 In North-Western Germany. .The Dogger, or
Brown Jura, has dark-coloured clays and ironstones .. it
corresponds to the Lower Oolite.
ee ee (dg'garél), doggrel (dg'grél), a. and
sb. Also 4 dogerel, 5-7 -ell, 6-7 doggerell,
doggrell, 6-9 dogrell, 7-8 doggril, 8 dogrel.
[Origin unknown; but cf. Doe 17 e.]
A. adj. An epithet applied to comic or burlesque
verse, usually of irregular rhythm; or té mean,
trivial, or undignified verse.
¢1386 Cuaucer Melib. Prol. 7 Now swich a Rym the
DOGGEREL.
deuel I biteche This may wel be Rym dogerel quod he.
1 Fasyan Chron. vu. 294 For thoughe I shulde all day
tell Or chat with my ryme dogerell. 1526 Skecvon Magny/.
413 In bastarde ryme after the doggrell gyse. 1589 PutTrEen-
HAM Eng. Poesie 1. iv. (Arb.) 89 A er that will be tyed
to no rules at all..such maner of Poesie is called in our
vulgar,
Warre Wks. 1. 226/1 In doggrell Rimes my Lines are writ
As for a Dogge I thought it ft. 1711 Appison Sfect. No.
60 Pp 11 The double Rhymes, which are used in Doggerel
Poetry. Betsuam £ss. I. xii. 233 The vile doggrel
translation of Hobbes. 1868 Stantey Wests. Add. v. 397
‘The doggrel epitaphs which were hung over the royal tom
b. pransf, Bastard, burlesque.
isso Bate Afol. 93(R.) The diuinite doggerell of that
dronken papist Johan Eckius. 1873 G. C. Davies Alount.
& Mere xix. 177 A doggrel form of prayer. :
B. sb. Doggerel verse ; burlesque poetry of irre-
gular rhythm ; bad or trivial verse.
1630 Tincker of Turvey Ep. Ded. 5 Clownes [have here]
plaine dunstable dogrell, for them to laugh at. 1710 ADDISON
Whig Exam. No.1 ? 14 He has a happy talent at doggrel.
1880 L, Sternen Pope iii.71 Chapman..sins..by constantly |
indulging in sheer doggerel.
b. A piece of doggerel ; a doggerel poem.
1857 O. A. Brownson Convert Wks. V. 120 The elec-
tioneering campaign of 1840, carried on by doggerels [etc.].
1892 Anne Ritcnie Rec. Tennyson, etc. m1. vil. 216 A dog-
gerel always had a curious fascination for him [Browning].
Hence Do'gg(e)rel v., -ize v., zztr. to compose
doggerel; ¢rans, to turn into doggerel; Do-g-
g(e)reler, -ist, -izer, a writer of doggerel ; Dog-
g(e)relism, a doggerel manner of writing.
1680 R. L’Estrance Answ. Litter Libels g His Ranging
of them Together is a kinde of a Doggrilism. 1732 Genzd.
/nstructed (ed. 10) 43 (D.) Were I disposed to doggrel it,
I would only gloss upon that text. 1817 Monthly Mag.
XLIII. 421 The Scotch doggerelist. 1821 Blackw. Alag.
X. 388 The Atys, which .. Mr. Lambe has so cruelly dog-
grelized, 1822 /did. XI, 363 These dabbling doggrelers.
1832 SoutHey Lett. (1856) 1V. 259 Some true doggrelizers.
1850 Reape Chr. Fohnstone vi. (1853) 65 He had been
doggrelling when he ought to have been daubing.
ggery (degari’. [f. Dog sd, + -Exy.J
+1. Foul or obscene language. Ods.—°
1611 Cotcr., Caguesgue, Parler cagn., to speake doggerie.
2. Dog-like behaviour or practice; mean and
contemptible action; mischievous doings.
1844 W. M. Macmitian Lett. (1893) 103 Evasive doggeries
of every kind. 1886 T. Harpy Mayor Casterér. xiii, ‘Such
doggery as there was in them ancient days.’
3. A company of dogs, dogs collectively. b.
Used by Carlyle to represent F. canaidle.
1843 Cariyte Past & Pr. ww. vii. ad fin., Doggeries never
so diplomaed, bepuffed, gas-lighted, continue Doggeries,
and must take the fate of such. 1862 — /redk. Gt. x. ii.
(1865) III. 222 As ugly a Doggery (‘ infisme Canaille’ he
might well reckon them), as has, before or since, infested
the path of a man. 1869 Pad/ Mad/G.8 Oct. 11 With all the
rabble doggery of the country after him.
4. U.S. vulgar). A low drinking saloon.
1860 Bartiett Dict. Amer., Doggery, a low drinking-
house. West and South. [Now prevalent throughout the
Union (Farmer).] 1863 Hottanp Lett. Yoneses i. 15 To
fill Jonesville with doggeries and loafers.
Doggess (dp'gés). Aumorous. [f. Dog sb. +
-Ess.] A female dog, a bitch. Also fig.
1748 RicHarpson Clarissa (1811) VII. 131 Pretty dogs
and doggesses to quarrel and bark at me. 1863 Miss Power
rab, Days & N. 287 Said Pacha, determined not to give in
to an unbelieving doggess .. refused to allow the terrified
child to be removed. 1885 R. F. Burton Avad. Nts. 1. 93
note, Five, including the two doggesses.
Dogget, obs. f. of Docker. Doggie: see Docey.
Dogginess (dp'ginés). [f. Docey a. + -NEss.]
The quality of being ‘doggy’: see Doaey a.
1865 Masson Kec. Brit. Philos. 388 An inherent dogginess
or earwigginess. 1882 Miss Brappon J/¢. Royat ill. vi.
117 The St. Aubyn girls..finding him a kindred spirit in
horseyness and doggyness. 1884 Sat. Rev. 26 Jan. 111.
Do: (dg'gif), a. [f. Do sb. + -18H.]
iS the nature of, pertaining to, or resembling
a dog; canine.
Doggish appetite, a ravenous or insatiable appetite (see
dog-appetite sv. Doc sb.18 a). + Doggish letter (Minsheu,
Span. Gram, 8) = Doc's LETTER.
1530 PatsGr. 310/2 Doggysshe, of the condycions or of the
nature of a dogge, chienin; a1619 Fornersy A theom. 1.
xv. $2 (1622) 156 Hee was taken... with a doggish fee
which called for meat almost euery moment. 1684 Buxyan
Pilgr. 1. 29 To do to them what his Dogish nature would
prompt him to, 1814 Cary Dante, /nferno xxxu. 70 Visages
.:Shap’d into a doggish grin. 1874 TrotLore Lady Anna
vii, The .. doggish love of fighting prevailed in the man.
2. Having or indicating a dog-like disposition or
character, currish; malicious, spiteful, ill-natured ;
snappish, snarling, cynical. (Now rare.)
— Beryn 181 The frere, Howe he lowrith vndir his
h with a doggissh ey? axg20 Wyclif's Ecclus. xiii. 22
marg. (MS. Cott. Claud. E 11) A doggische man, and siche
is a chidere, and a wrathful man, and a glotoun, a 1536
‘Tinpace Exp, Matt. To Rdr. Wks. II. 10 Cruel and doggish
hypocrites. 1553 T. Witson Xhet. (1567) 77 a note, Diogenes
doggish aunswer in despit of women. 1579 . Jones
Preserv, Bodie & Soule 1. ii, 22 The dogg: Philosopher
Demetrius. 1672 Eacnarp /odds's State Nat. 31 That All
Men by nature were doggish, spightful and treacherous.
1863 Sata Capt. Dangerous 11. iv. 133 You may cry Haro
upon me for a Cynic or Doggish philosopher.
+ b. Brutish, bestial, sensual. Ods.
1594 I’. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. u. 588 These doggish
epicures and atheists. 1610 Rowianps Martin Mark-all
27 Dissolute in behauiour, Apish, doggish, and Swinish,
me dogrell, 1630 J. Tavior (Water P.) Dogge of
582
Hence Do'ggishly adv.; Do'ggishness.
1576 FLeminc pong. Epist. 319, 1 am troubled. .and
doggishly dealt withall. 1592 Banincron Com/. Notes Gen.
xxix. § 3 Doggish and currish graceth neither
Countrie nor people. 1866 Howetts Venet. Life vii. 113 All
abuse begins and ends with the attribute of aw
Dog-gone (dpgg)n). U.S. slang. Also dog on.
[Generally taken as a deformation of the profane
God damn: cf. dang, darn. But some think the
original form was dog on zt, to be compared with
| pox on it! etc.; cf. Doe 15 j.J
A. vb, Used imperatively as an imprecation, or
exclamation of impatience or the like: ‘hang !’.
1851 Mayne Reto Scalp Hunt. xxi, ‘ Dog-gone it, man!
make haste then!’ 1892 Nation (N. Y.) 21 Apr. 303/35
I think * Dog gone it’ is simply ‘ Dog on it’.
B. adj. or pa. pple. =C.
1851 Mayne Reiw Scalp Hunt. vii, ‘ I'm dog-gone, Jim’,
replied the hunter. a 1860 Southern Sketches 33 (Bartlett)
No, says I, I won't do no sich dog on thing. = . HERMAN
His Angel 188 He ain't quite a dog-gone fool.
C. Dog-goned adj. or fa. pple.; also dog-
gauned, dog-gond, ‘confounded’, ‘ darned’.
a 1860 'T. H. GLapstonr. Exglishin. in Kansas 46 (Bartlett)
If there’s a dog-goned abolitionist aboard this boat, I should
like to see him, _ 1861 Lowett Biglow P. Poems 1890 II. 23.
1876 Besant & Rice Gold. Butterfly Prol.i. 1879 TourcEE
Fool's Err, (1883) 672 I'll be dog-goned if I know what I do
believe,
Dog-grass, dog’s-grass.
1. A name for Couch-grass, 77iticum repens, and
for the allied 7. caninum, reputed to be eaten by
dogs to produce vomiting. (Cf. Holland, P/iny.)
1597 GerarveE //erdad 1, xvii, $1. 21 The common. .Dogs
grasse or Couch grasse. 1712 tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs 1. 52
‘The Dog grass or Quick grass. 1816 F. VANDERSTRAETEN
Impr. Agric. p. xv, Quitch or dog-grass.
2. A local name for Dog’s-tail grass, Cynosurus.
a 1825 Forsy Voc. £. Anglia, Dog’s-grass, the common
cynosurus cristatus, 1878 Britten & HoLiann Plant-n.,
Dog’s Grass, Cynosurus cristatus..Hants.; Norf.; Suss.
Doggrel: see DoGGEREL.
Dogey; doggie (dggi), sb. [-y, dim. suffix.]
1. A little dog; a pet name for a dog.
1825 J. Neat Bro. Fonathan 1. 397 Poor doggy. 1889
Ruskin Preterita M1. 55 The poor little. .wistfully gazing
doggie was tenderly put in a pretty basket.
2. Coal-mining \collog.) A man employed by the
Burry (q.v.) to superintend the workmen in a mine.
1845 Disraeit Syéi/ (1863) 116 A Butty in the mining
districts is a middleman, a Doggy is his manager. 1860
W. Wiite Ald round Wrekin 253 The butty .. employs a
subordinate whose title is doggy. 1873 Daily News 27
= 3.6 The pit was examined in the usual way by the
oggy.
Do By dggi), a. [f. Doe sb.+-y. (Cf. horsy.)]
+1. Having the bad qualities of a dog; mali-
cious, spiteful ; vile, contemptible. Ods.
1388 Wycuir 1 Chron. Prol., My bacbiters .. gnawen me
with a doggi tooth [1382 dogge tothe]. 1583 STANYHURST
AE neis 1. (Arb.) 22 Pack hence doggye rakhels.
2. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a dog.
1869 cho 3 June, Beasts without one doggy feeling. 1886
J. K. Jerome /dle Thoughts (1889) 92 The fecios § whose
frank, doggy nature has been onrenk
3. ‘Addicted to or conversant with dogs.
1859 Payn Foster Brothers xvi. 277 Others. . associate with
boating men..with even doggy men, 1882 Miss Brappon
Mt. Royal M11. vi. 102 Country people, with loud voices,
horsey, and doggy, and horticultural.
Dogh, obs. form of Douen, Dow v.1
Dog-head. (See also Doc’s-HEaD.)
+1. A kind of ape with a head like a dog’s; the
Dog-faced Baboon, or Cynocephalus. Ods.
1607 Torse.t Kour-f. Beasts (1658) 8 Cynocephales, are
a kind of Apes, whose heads are like Dogs. . wherefore Gaza
translateth them Canicipites, (to wit) dog-heads.
2. a. The head of a nail or spike formed by a
rectangularly projecting shoulder. (Cf. DoG-NatL. )
1793 SMEATON Edystone L. Plate xii, Bars in the angles..
whose dog-heads lay hold of the base of the iron work.
b. Part of the lock of a gun; the hammer.
1812 Sorting Mag. XX XIX. 65 A piece of steel kept firm
by the screw of the doghead. 1814 Scorr Wav. xxx.
180s A. Paterson Man of his Word 146 Kirk had taken a
loaded rifle..and drawn the dog-head back to the full,
Dog-hoatied, a. Having a dog’s head, or a
head like that of a dog.
1587 Gotpinc De Mornay viii. 105 What is to be said of
Plinie with his Dogheaded men? 1834 M«Murrrie Cuvier’s
ainim, Kingd. 46 The Dog-headed Monkeys. .have an elon-
ated muzzle truncated at the end. C. Gere Christ
Gs 9) 47. The barking, dog-headed Anubis. ‘
Do “hole. A hole fit for a dog; a vile or mean
dwelling or place, unfit for human habitation.
1579 Gosson Sch. Abuse (Arb.) 16 The Schoole which
I belde is narrowe, and at thé first blushe appeareth but
adoggehole. 1601 Suaxs. Ad/'s Well u. iii. 292 France is
a dog-hole, and it no more merits, The tread of a mans foot.
1726 Swirt Epist. Corr. Wks. 1841 11. 586 You all live in
a wretched erty Soe and prison. 1815 Simonp Jour
Gt. Brit. 1, 324 The in cave was a mere dog-
(do-ghud). [f. Doe sé., after man-
hood.) The condition or nature of a dog; the race
of dogs, dogs collectively.
1647 T'rarr Come, Rom. xii. 17 The world calls it [revenge]
manhood, it is doghood rather, 1876 Gro, Exior Dan. Der.
v1 xliv, A lap-dog would be bea mge J at a loss in framing | Sy duty tack sade ake het Sight a ..
to itself the motives and adventures
doghood at large.
; - DOG-LEGGED. :
©
Dog-hook.
+1. A hook used for leading a dog. Obs.
1578 Bk, Revels in Malone Shaks. (1821) 111. 369 Money
.. due for leashes, and doghookes, with staves and other
necessaries. . for the hunters that made crye after the fox. .in
the playe of Narcissus. @ 1631 Drayton Wés. IV. 1492
(Jod.) My doghook at my belt to which my Liam’s ty’d.
2. a. A wrench for “the coupling of
iron boring-rods; a py (Halliwell 1847-78.)
b. An iron bar with a bent prong for securing or
hoisting a log, etc.; =Doe sd. 7.
1851 Harpers Mag. Ul. pee examines the chains ..
DailyNe Oct 9/3 earns hold upo
aily News 30° 3 log: Masi t
the hatch, throwing the unfortunate man into the hold.
. A house or dwelling for a dog,
or for a pack of dogs; a kennel.
1611 Corcr., Chiennerie, a dog-house, or dog-kennell.
@ 1613 Oversury Characters, Sargeant Wks. (1856) 164
Not onely those curs at the dog-house, but those withiu the
walls. W. Irvinc Braceb. Haid (1823) 1. 97 An un-
happy cur chained in a doghouse.
Doght : see Dow v.!
Doghter, Doghty, obs. ff. DaucuTER, Doveury.
Dog-hutch. A hutch fora dog ; applied con-
temptuously to a mean dwelling = DoG-HOLE.
1830 CartyLe Richter Misc. (1872) 111. 37 Would not let
him occupy his own hired dog-hutch in peace. Gro.
Evior Dan. Der. 111. xliv. 283 A dog-hutch of a place in
a black country. 7
Do:g-in-the-manger. A churlish person
who will neither use something himself nor let
another use it; in allusion to the fable of the dog
that stationed himself in a manger and would not
let the ox or horse eat the hay. Also attrib.
(1564 Butteyn Déa/. agst. Pest. (1888) 9 Like vnto cruell
Dogges liyng in a Maunger, neither eatyng the = theim
selues ne sufferyng the Horse to feed thereof hymself.] 4:
G. Harvey Letter-book (Camden) 114 And as for the Syr
Lowte That playdst inne and owte 5 ‘A dogg in y* maunger,
A very pal es raunger. 1836 Marryar Yaphet Ixxii.
(Farmer), Why, what a dog in the manger you must
‘ou can’t marry them both. 1842 TuHackeray Miss Lérve
Wis. 1886 XXIII. 285 That dog-in-the-manger jealousy
which is common to love. 1890 Times 17 Sept. 7/5 A dog-
in-the-manger policy is always unworthy of a nation.
Hence (sonce-wds.) Dog-in-the-ma‘ngerish,
-ma‘ngery adjs.; Dog-in-the-ma‘ngerism.
1883 C. J. Witts Land of Lion & Sun 134 He was ill-
mannered and dog-in-the-mangery. 1889 Spectator 28 >
To satisfy her dog-in-the-mangerish jealousy. 1894 Sat. Kev.
3 Mar. 234 A mere act of official dog-in-the-mangerism.
Dogion, obs. form of Dupexron.
Dog-keeper. 1. One who keeps dogs; sfec. a
man appointed to take charge of a pack of dogs.
x Secr. Serv. Money Chas. & Fas. (Camden) 82 For
building a little house in St. James’s Park for the dogkeeper,
and a kennell for the dogs. 1704 Swirt 7. Zé ii, It was
written by a dog-k ans 1870 B. CLay-
TON (title) The Bog: eeper's Guide,
+2. A watch- og. Obs.
1576 Fremine tr. Cazus’ es hg Arb. Garner ILL, 254 The
Dog Keeper. .doth not only keep farmers’ houses; but also
merchants’ mansions.
Dog-ke:nnel. A kennel for a dog, or dogs.
1611 Cotcr., Chiennerie, a dog- or dog-kennell.
1700 Drvpen Fables Pref. (Globe) 493 A certain nobleman,
beginning with a dogkennel, never lived to finish the palace
he had contrived. 1709 Srente Zatler No. 62? 1, | am
desired to cenonuasind » Dieasiamall to any who shall want
a Pack, 1865 Kincstey //erew. v. (1883) 110 You shall pass
your bridal night in my dog-kennel. :
‘gkind. [f. Doc sé., after mankind] ‘The
race ot dogs; dogs
ampere
1888 Pall Mall G. 3 Mar. 2/2 A knowledge of mankind,
womankind, and dogkind. 1895 West. Gas. 10 Oct. 2/1
The Spectator has. .earned the gratitude of all dogkind by
es) ing their cause and exposing their perfe
tin. Bad Latin: see Doe 17¢.
+ Dog-leech. 02s.
1. A veterinary su who treats d
Forp Fancies ww. i, 1 will once turn dog. 1640
Nanpes Bride v. i, He cured my little Shock of the mange
..an excellent Dog-leech. 1831 Cartyte Sart. Kes, ul. vy
———- of ‘ Servility’.. the very dogleech is anxious to
1SAavow.
2. ‘An ignorant smodion! pence a quack,
M dD. . t happen vppon a
aaua? \ecues for lacke cf enowtonge of he coaningy mal
Forp Lover's Mel. w. ii, O these lousy close-stool empirics,
that will undertake all cures, yet know not the causes of any
disease ! “leeches! a16s2 Brome Queene's Exch, we
We sie Pe be oe es ee fare you at that
garb too *
Do'g- a. Ofa bent form like a dog’s hind
leg ; as in dog-leg chisel, ‘ a crooked-shanked chisel
used in enacting the bottomsof grooves’ (Knight);
dog-leg Fence (Australia), a fence made by logs or
trees laid horizontally on supports crossing X-wise ;
— = Lig yerreneoe sip adios
wn tee ncn chee Weck fe taal Bite Area
14 Mar. 351 A dog-leg stair about 4 feet wide.
Dog-legged (dpglegd), a. Arch. Applied to
a staircase, without a well-hole, the successive
flights ol which ere a zig-zag. ‘
T. N. Ci . Purchaser -stairs ..
first hy direct] Noreen , then wind it i then
DOGLESS.
Nicuotson Pract. Build. 189 Dog-legged stairs.,.have no
well-hole. 1842-76 Gwitt Encycl. Archit. u. ii. § 2182.
Dogless (dp'glés), a. Without a dog.
3854 7 oop Anecd. Anim. Life 159 pig ride dogless man.
1887 M. Betuam-Epwarps Next of Kin Wanted I. vii. 96
Acatless, dogless household.
Do'g-like, «. and adv. Like, or in the manner
of, a dog.
1605 TimME rsit. 1. xv. 75 A doglike appetite. 1859
R. F. Burton Centr. Afr. in Frnd. Geog. Soc. XX1X. 416
The ong Propping their burdens against trees, curl up,
doglike, under the shade. 1874 L. Sternen Hozlrs in
Library (1892) I. iii. 123 There is something which rises to
the dog-like in his affectionate admiration for Swift.
ling (dp:glin). nonce-wa. [f. Doe sd, +
-LING.] A little or young dog, a puppy.
. 1830 Miss Mitrorp V7édage Ser. tv. (1863) 184 With the
cat’s milk these little doglings imbibed also the cat's habits.
Dogly, a. and adv. rare. [-L¥1, -ty2.]
A. adj. Of the nature of a dog, canine ; in quot.
=Cynic. B. adv. In the manner of a dog.
1477 Eart Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 41 Dyogenes, other-
wyse called dogly bycause he hadde som condicions of a
dogge. 1552 Hutort, Doglye or lyke a dogge or after the
maner of a dogge, cavati, 1829 Lanpor /4s. (1846) 1.
470/t Respect..to the dogly character.
Dogma (dy*gma). Also 7-8 dogm(e. PI. dog-
mas (7 -aes), dogmata (7 -taes). [a. L. dogma
philosophical tenet, a. Gr. déypa, Séypar-, that
which seems to one, opinion, tenet, decree, f. doxetv
to seem, seem good, think, suppose, imagine. At first
used with Gr.-L. plural; the forms dogme, dogm, re-
presented F. dogme (16th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).]
1. That which is held as an opinion; a belief,
principle, tenet ; esf. a tenet or doctrine authorita-
tively laid down by a particular church, sect, or
school of thought ; sometimes, depreciatingly, an
imperious or arrogant declaration of opinion.
{a 1600 Hooker Lcc?. Pol. vu. ii. § 13 [tr. D, Stapleton]
Power to proclaim, to defend, and. .to preserve from viola-
tion dogmata, very articles of religion themselves.] 1638
Sir T. Herpert 7vav. (ed. 2) 267 The grosse fanatick Dog-
mataes of the Alcoran. 1640 G. Warts tr. Bacon's Adv.
Learn. i. iv. § 3 Those Dogmaes and Paradoxes are almost
vanished, a@1652 J. Smita Se?. Disc. vu. iv. (1821) 350 Our
dogmata and notions about justification. 1676 R. Dixon
Nat. Two Test. 21 Prophane ay and impure Worship.
1704 Hearne Duct. Hist.(1714) 1. 400 Their Dogmata and
Astrological Doctrine .. we shall not enlarge upon them.
1843 Ruskin Mod. Paint. 1. (1844) p. lii, The dogmata of
the schools of art. 1874 Green Short Hist. v. § 3 (1882)
229 To assert the freedom of religious thought against the
dogmas of the Papacy. 1893 J. Orr God & World 1. 26 note,
Dogma I take to be a formulation of doctrine stamped with
ecclesiastical authority. ‘
2. The body of opinion formulated or autho-
ritatively stated; systematized belief; tenets or
principles collectively ; doctrinal system.
1791 Burke Fr. Affairs Wks. VII. 13 The present .. is a
revolution of doctrine and theoretick dogma. 1856 Emerson
Eng. Traits, Lit. Wks. (Bohn) II. 111 If, going out of the
region of dogma, we pass into that of general culture. 1871
Kinostry Le?t, (1878) II. 368 If you wish to save Christian
dogma, 1871 Morey Carlyle (2878) 191 It places character
on the pedestal where Puritanism places dogma.
Dogmatic (degme'tik), a. and sd. [ad. L. dog-
matic-us (Ausonius), a. Gr.. doypariucds, f. ddypa,
déypar- Docma: cf. F. dogmatique (16th c.).]
1. Pertaining to the setting forth or laying down
of opinion ; didactic. rare, ;
1678 GaLe Crt, Gentiles I11. Pref., To render our Dis-
course the lesse offensive, we have cast it into a thetic and
dogmatic method, rather than agonistic and polemic. 1875
Jowerr Plato (ed. 2) V. 5 He is no longer interrogative but
dogmatic. pa.
. Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of, dogma
or dogmas; characterized by or consisting in
dogma ; doctrinal.
1706 Puitiirs (ed. Kersey), Dogmatical or Dogmatick,
relating to a Dogma, instructive, 1727-38 Gay /addes u.
xiv. (R.), Dogmatick gs on learnt by heart. 1841 W.
Spratpine /taly & /t, [s?. 11. 28 The rest of his compositions
are versified treatises of dogmatic theology. x MILL
Liberty ii. (1865) 15 A... Christian in all but the dogmatic
sense of the word, 1883 Froupe Short Stud. 1V.v. 350 No
inclination to substitute dogmatic Protestantism for dog-
matic Catholicism,
3. Proceeding upon a griorz principles accepted
as true, instead of being founded upon experience
or induction, as dogmatic philosophy, medicine.
1696 Puitwirs (ed. 5), Dogmatick Philosophy, is that
which [ed. 1706 being grounded upon sound Principles]
cape assures a thing, and is opposed to Sceptic. 1823
RABB Technol, Dict., Dogmatic sect (Med.), an ancient
sect of physicians, at the head of which is placed Hippo-
crates, 1864 Bowen Logic x. 330 The foundations of all
philosophy, whether dogmatic, critical, or sceptical.
. Of persons, their writings, etc.: Asserting or
imposing dogmas or opinions, in an authoritative,
imperious, or arrogant manner.
_ 1681 tr. Willis’ Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Dogmatic, stiff
in opinion. 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 253 P7 criticks
who write in a positive dogmatick way. 1814 D'Israett
Quarrels Auth. (1867) 458 He wrote against dogmas witha
spirit perfectly dogmatic. 1868 M. Pattison Academt. Org.
v. 306 Not by dogmatic delivery of truths, but by scientific
training in the method of enquiry. 1873 HeLrs Anim. §
Mast. viii. (1875) 200 One is afraid of being dogmatic about
it, and of being dogmatically wrong, :
583
+b. Of assured opinion, convinced. Obs. rare.
1678 Cupwortn Jntel/, Syst. 434 (R.) From sundry other
places of his writings, it sufficiently appears, that he [Cicero]
was a dogmatick and hearty theist.
B. sb. +1. A philosopher of the dogmatic
school ; = DocMartist 3. Ods.
@ 1631 Donne Parado-res (1652) 22 The Skeptike .. was
more contentious then..the Dogmatick. 1650 Hossrs De
Corp. Pol.165 All these Opinions are maintained in the Books
of the Dogmaticks, and divers of them taught in Publick
Chaires. 1702 tr, Le Clerc’s Prim. Fathers 57 A Suspen-
sion [of judgment] suited not with the Dogmaticks, who can
hardly confess that they know not all things.
+ b. A dogmatic physician; see quot. 1883. Ods.
1605 Time Quersit. Pref. 5 Among Physitians there are
Empericks, Dogmaticks, Methodici, or Abbreuiators, and
Paracelsians. 1771 ‘I’. Percivat Med. § Exp. Ess. (1778)
I. 41 (heading) The Dogmatic; or Rationalist. 1883 Syd.
Soc. Lex. Dogmatics, an ancient sect of physicians, so
called because they endeavoured to discover, by reasoning,
the essence and the occult causes of diseases,
+2. A dogmatic person. Ods.
1640 Hospes /fum. Nat. xiii. § 4 The fault lieth altogether
in the dogmatics, that is to say, those that are imperfectly
learned, and with passion press to have their opinions pass |
every where for truth.
3. Chiefly in 2. form Dogmatics: A system of
dogma ; spec. dogmatic theology.
1845 Geo. Exior in Life (1885) 137 ‘ Dogmatik’ is the
idea, I believe —i.e. positive theology. Is it allowable to
say dogmatics, think you? 1857 M. Patrison “ss, (1889)
II. 222 The Reformation dogmatic rests on .. the exclusive
sufficiency of Scripture. 1858 Lond. Rev. Oct. 220 To
expound the polemical dogmatics of the Reformation. 1893
Fairsairn Christ in Mod. Theol. 1.1. i. 29 note, ‘The book
‘De Theologicis Dogmatibus’, published at Paris 1644-50
..the first attempt at a scientific history of dogmata, and..
notable as suggesting to modern theology the tern: Dog-
matics. 1894 Mitcuett tr. Harnack's Hist. Dogma i. 28
Dogmatic is a positive science which has to take its material
” from history.
Hence Dogmasticism, dogmatic quality.
1880 Farrpairn Stud. Life Christ ix. (1881) 156 The dog-
maticism he subtly concealed.
Dogmatical (dggmz'tikal), a. (sd.) [fas prec.
+-AL.]
1. Of, pertaining to, or dealing with dogmas ;
of the nature of dogma; = DoGMatic a. 1, 2.
1604 R. Cawprey 7adle Alph. (1613), Dogmaticall, that
giueth instructions. 1627 Minsneu Ductor Ling. (ed. 2),
Dogmaticall, of or pertaining to a Sect or opinion. a@ 1631
Donne in Sedect. (1840) 41 To make a true difference between
problematical and dogmatical points. 1642 Futter Holy &
Prof. St. 1. vi. 70 Their Rhetoricall hyperboles were after-
wards accounted the just measure of dogmaticall truths.
1649 Roserts Clavis Bibl, 327 These Dogmatical books
contain in them Doctrines. 1845 S. Austin Ranke's Hist.
Ref. III. o9 The intolerant domination of a dogmatical
system. 1876 Moziey Univ. Serm. i. 11 We .. look upon
the judgment in its dogmatical aspect.
=Doematic 3. Obs.
1605 Timme Quersit. 1. vii. 26 The dogmatical Physitians
..are wont to refer to those qualities. 1727-51 CHAMBERS
Cyc?. s.v.. In common use, a dogmatical philosopher is such
a oneas asserts things positively ; in opposition to a Sceptic,
who doubts of every thing. A dogmatical physician is he,
who, on the principles of the school-philosophy, rejects all
medicinal virtues not reducible to manifest qualities.
3. Asserting or maintaining dogmas or opinions ;
arbitrary, positive; = DOGMATIC a. 4.
1662 STILLINGFL. Orig. Sacr.1. i. § 12 How uncertain the
most dogmatical of them all were. 1751 JouNson Rambler
No. 177 P 3, I became decisive and dogmatical, impatient
of contradiction. @ 1852 D. Wesster Ws. VI. 148 Nothing
is more apt to be positive and dogmatical than ignorance.
+B. sb. pl. Obs. 1. = Dogmatics. (See Doc-
MATIC B 3.)
1605 Bacon Adv. Learn, i. xiii, § 1. 50 They hasted to
their Theories and Dogmaticals. 1716 Davies A then. Brit.
u. 372 That Edition of Anselm’s- Dogmaticals.
2. Medicines of the dogmatic physicians.
1656 Rinciey Pract. Physic 26 Empericalls are: Earth-
worms provided several wayes. Dogmaticalls: Senna
powder, 2 drams.
Hence Do:gmatica‘lity, dogmaticalness.
1793 in L. Twining Country Clergym. 18th C. (1882) 175
‘Too much dogmaticality, too overbearing a manner.
Dogmastically, adv. [f. prec. + -LY2.] In
a dogmatic or dogmatical manner.
1. By way of, in point of, or with respect to dogma
or dogmas ; by a dogmatic method.
1630 J. Taytor (Water P.) Praise Henipseed 49 Wks. m.
© For he (dogmatically) doth know more Than all the
earned Doctors knew before. 165: Hopes Govt. § Soc. xv.
§ 10. 244 We. .praise, and celebrate in words, when we doe
it by way of Proposition, or Dogmatically. 1871 Mortey
Voltaire (1886) 245 Catholicism. . was believed dogmatically,
and therefore was to be attacked dogmatically.
2. With an assumption of positive certainty ;
positively or imperiously in the assertion of opinion.
ro he More Myst. Inig., Afol. vii. § 3. 528 Thus far we
have been bold to proceed more dogmatically. 1670 A/oral
State Eng. 113 Not imposing his opinion upon any Magis-
terially or Dogmatically. 1796 Phil. Trans. LXXX z.
500 Weare not possessed of observations sufficiently decisive
to enable us to speak eee. «1845 Hoop Laying
down Law i, Dogmatically laying down the law.
Dogma‘ticalness. [f. as prec. + -NESS.]
The quality of being dogmatical ; positiveness,
171x SHartessury Charac. (1749) I. 52 ‘The tutorage and
latical of the Schools. 1765 Westey Wks. (1872)
XII. 239 My dogmaticalness is..a custom of coming to
DOGMATIZATION.
the point at once, and telling my mind flat and plain. 1808
in Harl. Misc. 1. Machiavelli's Vind. Summ. 57 He care-
fully avoided all dogmaticalness.
Dogmatician (dpgmati‘fan). [f. Doamaric a.
+-IAN.] A student or professor of dogmatics.
1846 Worcester cites Q. Nev. a1849 Por JMellonta
Tauta Wks. 1864 1V. 294 It would have puzzled these
ancient dogmaticians. 1882-3 Scuarr Encycl. Relig. Know.
III. 2417 Without laying claim to being a keen critic, or
a stern dogmatician,
Dogmatism (dp‘gmiatiz’m). [a. F. dogmatisme
(16th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ‘the teaching, or preach-
ing of new doctrine, the producing of a new sect’
(Cotgr.), ad. med.L. dogmatism-us ‘ dissertatio,
docendi ars’ (Du Cange), a. Gr. type *5oyparia pds,
f. Sdypa, Soypar- DocmMa: see -18sM. Used by
Florio in translating from French, but not in Blount,
Phillips, Kersey, Bailey, Ash ; used by Dr. Johnson
1751, but not given in his Dictionary.]
1. Positive assertion of dogma or opinion ; dog-
matizing ; positiveness in the assertion of opinion.
1603 FLorio Montaigne u. xii. (1632) 281 A very foolish
answer: to which..Dogmatisme arriveth. 1627 MinsHeU
Ductor Ling. (ed. 2), Dogmatisme, the teaching of a new
Sect or opinion. 1751 Jounson Rambler No. 106 P 3
Dogmatism has delighted in the gradual advances of his
authority. 1777 Priestiey Jatt. § Spir. (1782) I. xvii. 201
A small share of natural science..generally accompanies
conceit and dogmatism. 1825 Macaucay J/7/ton Ess. (1854)
19/t Dogmatism on points the most mysterious. 1843
Prescott J/exico App. (1864) 473 Where there is most
doubt, there is often the most dogmatism.
2. With f/.: A dogmatic tenet or system. rare.
1803 Adin. Rev. 1. 265 The theory of transcendentalism
may therefore be a better dogmatism than others. 1820
» Huxt /udicator No. 15 (1822) IL. 114 ‘The ethereal
dogmatisms of Plotinus and Porphyry. 1871 ALABASTER
Wheel of Law 39 Vhese dogmatisms are not attributed to
Buddha. 3
3. /’hilos. A system of philosophy based upon
principles dictated by reasoning alone, and not
relying upon experience; opposed to scepfictsi.
More generally, a way of thinking based upon prin-
ciples which have not been tested by reflection.
1858 WHEWELL //is¢, Scé. /deas I, 292(L.) The skepticism
of the uniformitarian is of force only so long as it is employed
against the dogmatism of the catastrophist. 1858 Manser
Bampton Lect. i. (ed. 4) 3 Vheological Dogmatism is..<
application of reason to the support and defence of pre-
existing statements of Scripture. xe77 E. Cairn Philos.
Kant I, 2 What Kant meant we may best understand if we
consider how he opposes Criticism to two other forms of philo-
sophy, Dogmatism and Scepticism, 1881 Apamson /ichte
vi. 126 Do we explain experience as the product of the
non-Ego, we have the system which may be called Dogma-
tism; do we explain the whole as springing from the Ego,
we have Idealism.
Dogmatist dpgmiatist). [a. F. dogmatiste
(16th c.), ad. med.L. dogmatista, ad. Gr. Soypa-
TioTHs, agent-n. from doyparifey : see DOGMATIZE.
(The logical and chronological orders differ.) ]
1. One who dogmatizes, who asserts or lays down
particular dogmas; esf. one who positively asserts
or imposes his own opinions ; a dogmatic person.
1654 WHITLOCK Zootomia 565 That which Salomon
livered as a Dogmatist. 1661 GLANVILL Sceps7s Scé. 3 :
(R.), I expect but little success ofall this upon the dogmatist,
his opinion’d assurance is paramount to argument. 1706
Puities (ed. Kersey), Dogmatist, one that dogmatizes, a
dogmatical ‘Teacher. 1741 Watts /iprov. Mind 1, i. § 10
A dogmatist in religion is not a great way off from a bigot.
1775 Jounson Zax. no Tyr. 16 Many political dogmatists
have denied to the Mother Country the power of taxing
the Colonies. 1854 Kincstey Alexandria iv. 137 Dogma-
tists..men who assert a truth so fiercely, as to forget that
a truth is meant to be used, and not merely asserted.
+2. A propounder of new opinions or doctrines.
1577-87 HotinsHep Chron. Il, 116 A councell assembled
at Oxford, whereat those dogmatists were examined upon
certeine points of their profession. 1656 BLount Glossogr.,
Dogmatist, he that induceth any new Sect or Opinion..
a forger of new Sects, 1660 Bonp Scut. Reg. 69 With this
new upstart Doctrine have our Apocryphal Dogmatists in
England led the rascal rabble. 1797 Sournry Lett. /r.
2 a (1808) II. 260 What regards heretics and dogmatists.
. One who belongs to the dogmatic school of
philosophy: see DocMari¢ a. 3, and quot. 1858.
1603 Forio Montaigne u. xii. (1632) 294 Some have judged
Plato a Dogmatist, others a Skeptike or a Doubter. 1690
Drypen Don Sebast. Ded., Of the academic sect, neither
dogmatist nor stoic. 1858 ManseL Bampton Lect. i. (ed. 4)
2 In the later language of philosophy .. the term Dogma-
tists was used to denote those philosophers who endeavoured
to explain the phenomena of experience by means of rational
conceptions and demonstrations. . .
b. A physician of the dogmatic school of medi-
cine: see DOGMATIC a. 3.
1541 R. CopLanp Galyen’s Terap. 2 Biij, Some Dogma-
tystes which do affyrme to heale such dyseases by experyence
onely without racyonall indicion. 1607 WALKINGTON Of/?.
Glass 44 The inexpert physician, I meane..the methodist
or dogmatist. 1727 BrapLey Fam. Dict. s.v. Blood, The
Dogmatists make a Plaister of it..the Chymists..extract a
Salt from it, 1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex.
Dogmatiza‘tion. vare. [f. next + -arion.]
The action of dogmatizing ; the propounding of
a dogma.
1875 Giapstonr Vaticanism ii. 36 The Syllabus is part of
that series of acts to which the dogmatisations of 1854 and
1870 belong, and it bridges over the interval between them,
DOGMATIZE.
Dogmatize (dggmitsiz), v. [ad. F. dogma-
tise-r (13th c.), ad. med.L. dogmatizare to pro-
pound dogma, ad. Gr. doyparifey to lay down as
one’s opinion, to decree, f. déypa, déypar- Docma.]
1. intr. To make dogmatic assertions; to speak
authoritatively or imperiously («fo a subject)
without reference to argument or evidence.
1611 Biste 7vanst. Pref. 11 To admonish the Reader..
not to conclude or dogmatize vpon this or that peremp-
torily. 1742 Pore Dunc. 1v. 464 Prompt to im , and
fond to dogmatize. 1790 Burke Fr. Kev. 37 “hese old
fanaticks. .dogmatised as if hereditary royalty was the ma | |
lawful government. 1840 CartyLe Heroes 1, (1872) 22
question which nobody would wish to dogmatise upon.
+b. See quots.: cf. Doemarist 2, and F. dog-
matiser, ‘to teach strange doctrine . . or broach new
opinions’ (Cotgr.). Obs.
1613 Crt. & Times Fas. I (1849) I. 262 The king..was so
moved that he should dogmatize (as he called it) in his
court. 1696 Puitips (ed. 5), To Dogmatize, to teach new
Opinions, to contest the Truths of Re igion. .
. trans. To assert or deliver as a dogma; to
establish as a matter of dogma; to state dogmati-
cally; to express in the form of adogma. Now rare.
1621 Br. H. Kino Serm. 60 Hee .. dogmatizes them for
truth. 1626 W. Scrater Exp. 2 Thess. (1629) 104 When
were these dogmatized and decretally stablished for catho-
lique doctrine? 1647 Jer. Taytor Lib. Proph. xiv. § 4 (L.)
They would not endure Persons that did dogmatize any
thing which might intrench upon their Reputation or their
Interest. 1893 N. Smyru Chr. Ethics 1. it. 1. § 2. 95 Their
hope, as well as their law, had become..increasingly dog-
matized.
3. To dogmatize away, to do away with by dog-
matic assertion.
1829 Macautay Mill on Govt, Misc. Writ. (1889) 174 He
placidly dogmatises away the interest of one half of the
human race.
Hence Do‘gmatized f//. a., Do*gmatizing vbl.
sb. and ppl. a. i.
1641 J. Lompes Leaven of Pharisaicall Wil-worship (1643)
2 The Apostle condemnes dogmatizing. 1712 Blackmore
Creation 11. 42 Dogmatizing Schools. 1865 BusHNeLt Vicar.
Sacr. Introd. (1866) 27 A theory or dogmatized scheme of
the incarnate life.
Do'gmatizer. [f. prec. + -ER1.] One who
dogmatizes ; a dogmgtist.
1612-20 SHELTON Quix. (T.), The dogmatizer and head
ofa bad sect. a1660 Hammonp Ws, IL. tv. 139 (R.) The
very dogmatizer, that teacheth for doctrines or command-
ments of God, his own dictates. 1709 Suartess. J/oradist
u. i, Dogmatizers on Pleasure. 1860 S. WIperrorce Addr.
Ordin. 148 Cold, quarrelsome, and unloving dogmatizers.
Dogmato- [Gr. doypar0-], comb. f. of Docma,
as in Dogmato‘logy [ad. Gr. doypatoAoyia], the
science of dogma; Dogmatope‘ic a. [f. Gr. 507-
paroroia), creating dogmas.
1874 Sayce Compar. Philol. viii. 341 The comparative
science of religions, or, if we might coin a word, of Dog-
matology. 1893 Contemp. Rev. Apr. 460 The people who
claim this novel right of erecting new dogmatic barriers..
the dogmatopaic agency, if | may be permitted to coin
a word, are exclusively theologians.
+ Dogmatory, @. Obs. rare.
see DoGMA and -ory.] Dogmatic.
1846 WorcestTER cites For. QO. Rev.
Dog-nail. A nail having a solid and slightly
countersunk head; also a large nail with a head
ghaaeip, Se one side; also = Doe 7 p.
1703 T. N. City § C. Purchaser 211 Dogg-nails .. are
proper for fastning of Hinges to Doors for..they will hold
the Hinge close without the Heads flying off. 1776 G.
SempLe Building in Water 87 A Ledge nailed on with
[f. Gr. Soypar-:
Dog-nails. 1879 Notes on Build. Constr. ui. 441 Dog nails |
..are used for nailing down heavy ironwork.
Dogorlogy. monce-wd. [See -oLocy.] The
science or subject of dogs.
1820 Sporting Mag. V1. 85 A long s h on ‘dogology’.
1832 Hears Mage VI. 722 A book moni dogalogy. =
+ Do'-good. ds. One who or that which does
good, or is of use.
1654 WuitLock Zootomia 723 That they may be accounted
Pin Deg and Do-goods. id 7
-plate. aie
1 ?A igo given as a prize ina dog-race. Ods.
1686 Lond. Gas. No. 2166/4 There will be a Dog-Plate
run for each day. : ,
2. Ina lathe, a plate which imparts rotation to
the work to be turned, by means of ‘dogs’: see
Doe sd. 71.
Dog-ray : see List of Spurious Words.)
“rose. Also 6-8 dogs-rose. [A transl.
of med.L. rosa canina, repr. L. cynorrodon (Pliny),
Gr. kvvdpodov, f. cvvo- dog- + pd5ov rose: see quots.
1597, 1830. The name is thus not of popular
origin.) A common species of wild rose (Rosa
canina), with pale red flowers, frequent in hedges.
White dog-rose, a book-name for R. arvensis.
1597 Grrarve /erbal 1088 Plinie .. saith, that it is Rosa
Canina— s Rose. 1 Phil. Trans. No. 114 (Bartho-
loni’s Acta Med. & Phil.) A sdrt of Dogs-rose or Briar-bush.
1713 Deruam Phys. Theol. (J.), Of the rough or hairy ex-
crescence, those on the briar, or dogrose, are a good instance.
1778 Licurroor Flora Scot. (1789) 1. 261 RX. arvensis, White-
flowered Dogs-rose. 1 Withering’s Brit. Plants (ed. 7)
III. 618 note, By the ks Wild Roses were called xvvé-
podov, because the root was thought to cure the bite of a
| so call’d because it kills Dogs.
| Coter., Gans a’ ocaigne,
ngl. |
584
mad dog; and hence the Latin canina, our Dog Rose.
1861 Neate Notes Dalmatia, etc. 93 Dog-roses that skirt
road.
Do'g’s-bane, do'g-bane.
rendering of the ancient names 4, m and
Cynoctonum, given to various plants reputed to
be poisonous to dogs, chiefly of the orders a
dacee and Apocynacew; now a book-name of the
latter, and specifically of Afocynum androsemt-
Solium.
1 Grrarve Herbal u. pecan, 255 ay 2 bane is a
deadly and dangerous plant, especially to fower footed
beasts. 1726 Dict. Rust, etc. (ed. 3), Dogs-bane, an Herb
Treas. Bot., Dogbanes,
a name given by Lindley to the 4 atez. Dog's-bane,
aname for Afocynum ; also Aconitum Cynoctonum,
Dog sees, sb, [cf. next.]
1. The corner of a leaf of a book, etc. turned over
like a dog’s ear by constant or careless use, or to
serve as a book-mark.
¢172a5 Arsutunot & Pore Mem. P. P. Clerk of this |
Parish (T.), 1 did make plain and smooth the dogs ears
throughout our great bible. 1750 Gray Long Story 68
Creased, like dogs-ears, in a folio, 1857 Mrs. MarHews
Tea-Table Talk 11. 43 Dog's ears and other deteriorations. .
disgust the fastidious taste during perusal.
U.S. Naut. A small bight formed in the
leech-rope of a sail in reefing, etc. “Hamersly’s
Nav. Encycl, (1881).
Dog’s-ear, v. Also dog-ear. [cf. prec.
So far as our evidence goes, the vb. is the earlier, the
sense being evidently to make the leaf like the ear of a dog
with its turned-down tip.]
trans. To damage or disfigure (a book, etc.) by
turning or folding down the corners of the leaves.
a 1659 Ossorn Misc. To Rdr. (1673) 5 To ruffle, dogs-ear,
and contaminate by base Language and spurious censures
the choicest leaves. 1775 SHERIDAN Rivals 1. ii, Lady
Slattern Lounger. .had so soiled and dogs’-eared it, it wa'n't
fit for a Christian to read. 1886 J. R. Rees Divers. Bk.-
qvormt Vv. 174 [A] book .. kept specially for Charles Lamb
to finger and dog-ear when he came. 1891 E. Gosse Gossip
in Library xiii. 164 She did not dog’s-ear her little library.
Hence Dog’s-eared (dog-eared) f//. a.
1784 Cowrer Jiroc. 402 A dog’s-ear’d Pentateuch. 1824
Macavtay Misc. Writ. (1860) I. 125 The old schoolroom,
the dog-eared grammar. 1840 Dickens Old C. Shop xxiv,
A few dog’s-eared books upon a high shelf. 1844 —
Chimes 20 (Hoppe) The pockets of his trousers, very large
and dog’s-eared.
Dog’s fennel, -grass: see Doc-r., Doc-c.
+ Dog’s-head. 0s.
1. A dog-faced baboon: =D0G-HEAD I.
rggr Percivatt Sp. Dict., Cabega de perro, dogs head.
2. A bad throwat dice: vg dog-chance, dog-throw
(Doe sé, 18 a).
¢x6a0 Fietcuer & Mass. Trag. Barnaveltv.ii.in Bullen
O. PLA. 304 Hereare the dyce, and ile begin to ye. . Dewce
ace; a doggs-head !
3. A term of reproach or abuse [tr. Gr. euvdays].
1676 Hopes //iad 1. 155 Whereof no notice (Dogshead)
now you take.
Dogship (dp'gfip). [f. Doo sd. + -sHIP, after
lordship, etc.) ‘The personality of a dog.
1 Mrs. Beun Feigned Courtesans um. i. Wks. 1724 II.
312 Yes, when your Dogship’s damn'd. 1860 Ruskin Mod.
Paint. V. 1x. li. § 21. 228 The dog .. cannot understand . .
why she is allowed to stay, disturbing the family, and taking
all their attention from his dogship.
Dog-shore. Each of two blocks of timber
used to prevent a ship from starting off the slips
while the keel-blocks are being removed in pre-
paration for launching.
1 D. Steet Naval Archit. u. 396 The dog-shores
should be knocked down, each falling instantly. 1861 Sata
Dutch Pict, xi. 171 The dogshores were knocked away, the
frigate slid down her ways, and took the water, 1877
SpurGeon Serm. XXIII. 211 Useful as the scaffold to a
house or the dogshores toa ship.
Dog-skin. ‘The skin of a dog, or the leather |
made from it; also applied to a kind of leather
made from sheep-skin,
1731 A. Hitt Adv. Poets Ep. 16 Or Mr. Lun may be out
of his Dogskin? 1790 Med. Commun. Il, 421 The whole ..
to be sheathed with thin dogskin. 1830 T, A. Jones 77ad.
N. Amer. Ind. U1. 18 He threw the dog-skins into the fire,
b. attrib. Made of dog-skin.
1676 Hoses //iad (1677) 145 Meriones unto Ulysses gave
His bow and quiver, sword and dogskin cap. 1710 STEELE
Tatler No. 245 ® 2 Three Pair of oiled Dogskin Gloves.
+ Dog’s-leather. 0s. i neat's leather.
Leather made of the skin of ; =prec.
1593 Suaks. 2 Hen. VJ, Ww, ii, 26 Hee shall haue the
skinnes of our enemies, to make Dogges Leather of. 1611
Dogs oe “eae oyled in the
inside to keepe the hands moist, and le. x
-sleep. * reference to the light sleeping
of dogs, and the difficulty of telling whether, when
their eyes are shut, they are asleep or not.]
+1. Feigned or pretended sleep. Ods.
1613 Oversury A Wife (1638 A jealous man sleepes
dog-sleepes. a 1625 Bad hs osnen leased mi. iv. 171%
Appison Spect. No. 184% 6 He is nted to have slept
what the common People call a ’s Sleep ; or if his
was real, his Wife won avalins Fy Business.
2. A light or fitful sleep, easily interrupted.
1708 Morrevux Radelais ww. Ixiii. (1737) - How one
might avoid Dog-sleep. 1822 De Quincey Confess. Wks.
[See Bane.] A
| star levelled his Rays full at his Head. ig Cycl.
, i latitudes, and
s letiee. fuacd. Lo Ners conten Persius]
the snarl of a dog.
(1598 Suaxs. Rom. ‘a Ful. u1. iv. 223 Doth not Rosemarie
and Romeo begin both with a letter ?.. Both with an R...A
mocker ! that’s the dogs name.) 1636 B. Jonson Exg. Gram,
R is the dog’s letter, and hurreth in the sound, the tongue
striking the inner rary with a trembling about the teeth.
a1670 Hacker Aép, Williams 1. (1692) 55 Whose pamphlet
ing fos»
is Laas ered Rhotacismus, one snarli letter all over.
1830 Westm. Rev. X11. 356 There is only the difference of
the dog’s letter between lend and [fiend].
Dog’s-meat, dog’s meat. :
1. Food for dogs, prepared from horse-flesh or
scraps of offal, etc., and sold by street dealers.
1593 Nasne Strange News Ep. Ded. Wks. 1883-4 II. 180
We haue cattes meate and dogges meate inough these
mungrels. 1812 Cot. Hawker Diary (1893) I. 54 The
horses are scarcely good enough for dog's meat.
2. transf. and fig. Carrion ; offal. Zo make dog’ s-
meat of : to kill and throw to the dogs.
1606 Hieron Wes. I. 43 Paul did account all things but
dogs-meat, fer the excellent knowledge sake of Christ Jesus.
1708 Mrs. Centiivre Busie Body Vv. iii, Rascals, retire ;
she’s my Wife, touch her if you dare, I’ll make s-meat of
you. 1837 Marryat Dog-frend ii. (L.), Better die at once,
| than be made dog’s meat of in this here way.
3. aitrib., as dog’s-meat man, a seller of dog’s-
meat.
1837 Dickens Pickw. xxii, ‘That’s what I call a self-
evident proposition, as the dog’s-meat man said, when the
house-maid told him he warn't a gentleman.”
Dog’s mercury, dog-: see MERCURY.
Dog’s nose, dog’s-nose. A name given to
| a mixed liquor, compounded of beer and gin, or of
ale and rum: see quots.
1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Dict. (Farmer). Dickens
Pickw. xxxiii, He is not certain whether he did not twice
a week, for twenty years, taste ‘dog’s nose’, which your
committee find upon inquiry, to be compounded of warm *
porter, moist sugar, gin, and nutmeg. Mrs. Gaskett
C. Bronte (1862) 19 Rum, or ale, or a mixture of both called
‘dog’s nose’, 1863 — Sylvia's L. III. a The serjeant. .
—— up his own mug of beer, into which a noggin of gin
had been put (called in Yorkshire ‘ dog’s nose’).
*s-tail. Also dog-tail. [a transl. of Bot.
L. Cynosurus, or Gr. xvvécovpa.]
1, (Usually Dog’s-tail Grass.) A genus of grasses,
Cynosurus, the chief species of which is Crested
Dog’s-tail Grass, C. cristatus, so called because the
flowers in each panicle all point one way, like the
hairs of a dog’s tail.
1753 Cuampers Cycl. Supp. Cynosurus, a 's-tail, in
iooey, a kind of grass. 1 .. STILLINGFL. Ske Tracts
(1775) 362 I have .. given English names to them of my own
invention . .. Dog's tail grass, crested. 1799 J. Ropertson
Agric. Perth 208 S' stalked meadow-grass .. and the
| crested dog-tail..are well adapted for eg pasture, 1806-7
A. Youne Agric. E. (1813) L. 9g T in grasses
oT calen cs crammed dagaal Oh
- A‘ translation of Gr. «vvécoupa, name of the
constellation of the Little Bear: =CYNOSURE 1.
1867 Smytn Sailor's Word-bk., Dog's tail, a name for the
constellation Ursa Minor or Little Bear. .
Dorg-star. [after the Gr. and L. names «vow,
canicula (canis).
1. The star Sirius, in the constellation of the
Greater Dog, the brightest of the fixed stars. Also
applied to Procyon (the Lesser -star), a star of
the first magnitude in the Lesser 7
The ‘influence’ of these, or of one of them, when rising
nearly with the sun, was encieniy supposed to cause exces-
sive heat and other pernicious effects ; see Doc-pays.
ps7 E, K. —_ Soe oe Co Tey, ar We
starre, us, or nicl reignet|
pr tee Ode Horace ta. ii. 26 Beneath the dog-star’s
raging heat. 1712 Bupcett Spect. No. 42
XXII. 62 s.v. Sirius, In the Medi
in antient times, it was
. ry + iA, d with the h ti. 1 risi
e say the dog-star, without speci
; it is uncertain which
attrib. 1654 Vuvain Epit. Ess. v. 50 Three Dog-star
Suns in Sky somtimes are seen. 1843. ACAULAY Lays Anc.
Rome, Virginia 123 No fire when iber freezes, no air in
dog-star heat.
+2. Humorously applied to a comet: Oe Ps
1712 Swirt Wond. P: »y Wks. 1755 II]. 1. 173
au appeareth !.. Think not that this baleful dog-star only
shaketh his tail at you in waggery. z
Do'g-stone. A stone used for a millstone.
dog-star. i
it was Sirius or
Do
Turner, Lyte) ; from the sha)
Shee for = bods British s Be ot
i156. 1672-3 Grew 4
stalk, as in dogstones. a
is a preparation of the root of Orchis, or Dogstones.
.
DOG'S-TONGUE.
Do'g’s-tongue. Also dog-. [transl. L. cyzto-
glossum (Pliny), Gr. kvvd-yAwaoor (Dioscorides).]
1. Thegenus Cyog/ossum of boraginaceous plants,
esp. the common species C. officinale; also called
ound’s-tongue. (From the shape of the leaves.)
1s30 Patscr. 214/2 Doggestong or horehounde, an herbe.
1848 Turner Names of Herbes, Cynaglossus the second of
Plinie. .called in englishe Houndes tong or dogs tonge. 1570
Levins Manip. 167/12 Dogtong, cynoglossus. 1607 ‘Torsett
Serpents (1658) 730 The stalks of Dogs-tongue, the powder
of the right horn of a Hart. 1860 Reape Cloister & /. xciv,
His remedies were ‘ womanish and weak’. Sage and worm-
wood .. dog’s-tongue, our Lady’s mantle, feverfew, and
Faith, and all in small quantities except the last.
+2. Akind of flat-fish, prob. P/atessa cynoglossus.
1611 Cotar., Pole, the Sole-fish called a Dogs-tongue, or
kind foole. 1708 Morreux Radelais iv. 1x. (1737) 247 Dog’s
Tongue, or Kind-Fool.
Dog’s-tooth. Also dog-tooth.
med.L. dens canis.]
1. (Now Dog’s or Dog-tooth Violet.) The Eng-
lish name of the genus Zrythronium of liliaceous
plants, esp. Z. Dens-canis, a garden plant with
spotted leaves and purple flowers, which appear
early in spring; so called from the teeth on the
inner segments of the perianth.
1578 Lyre Dodoens u. xlv. 203 Dogges tooth. .hath for the
most parte but two leaues, speckled with great redde spottes.
1629 Parkinson Paradisus 194 It is most commonly called
Dens caninus, and..in English either Dogs tooth or Dogs
tooth Violet. 184: Mrs. Loupon Ladies’ Comp. Fl. Garden
99 Dog’s-tooth Violet .. is a pretty bulbous-rooted plant,
with spotted leaves and purple flowers.
2. A species of grass, Cynodon Dactylon.
Sometimes erroneously given as a name for 7'riticnui
caninum (DoG-Grass).
1600 SuRFLET Countrie Farme 1. x. 50 He shall. .plucke
vp from them [the vines] the grasse called dogs tooth. 1830
Sie Brit. Pl, (1837) 70 Creeping Dog’s-tooth-grass.
1 C. F. Hotper Marvels Anim. Life 17 Bamboo, to
which are attached bundles of fine dog’s-tooth grass.
q See also DoG-ToorH.
Dog-tired, z. [See Doc 17d.] As tired as
a dog after a long chase; extremely tired, tired out.
1809-12 Mar. EpcewortH Lunui vi. Wks. 1832 VI. 47
Wretched little dog-tired creatures. 1813 Jans AUSTEN
Lett. 11, 211 It was 12 before we reached home. We were
all dog-tired. 186x Hucues Tom Brown at Oxf. iii, ’m
dog-tired of driving and doing the High Street.
og-tooth, Also dog’s-tooth.
1. A canine tooth or eye-tooth: see CANINE a. 2.
[trans]. of
1382 [see Doccy a.1]. 1552 Hutoet, Doggesteeth, dentes
canini, 1 T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. 1. 105 There
are other twaine on each side, commonly called dogge-teeth.
1668 Cucrerrer & Cote Barthol. Anat. Man. iv. xii. 348
Cutters, Dog-teeth, and Grinders. 1731 ARsuTHNoT A/i-
ments (J.), For dividing of flesh, sharp-pointed or dog-teeth.
1893 A. H.S. Lanpor Hairy Ainu in Yezo 233 Uncovering
their fangs or dog teeth,
2. Dog-tooth spar: a variety of calcareous spar,
crystallizing in pointed scalenohedral forms.
1728 Woopwarp Catal, Fossils 11. 78 They call it Dog-
Tooth-Spar. 1823 H. J. Brooke /xtrod. Crystallogr. 87
The dodecahedral variety of carbonate of lime, commonly
called dog-tooth spar. 1860 Pirsse Lab. Chem. Wonders
33. Dogtooth crystals of carbonate of lime.
3. Arch, A pointed ornament or moulding sug-
gesting the idea of a projecting tooth, frequent in ®
early medizeval architecture. Also attrib.
1836 H. G. Knicut Archit. Tour Normandy 199 The
most common mouldings are the billet..star, rope, beak-
head, dog-tooth. 185 Ruskin Stones Ven. I. xiv, English
dogtooth moulding, whose sharp zigzag mingles richly with
the curved edges of the tiling. /dzd. I. xx. §23 The four-
sided pyramid. .is called in architecture a dogtooth. 1860
G. E. ramey in Archexol. Cant. 111. 116 The label is
enriched with dog-teeth. 1870 F. R. Witson Ch, Lindisf.
167 Enriched with..dogtooth ornament.
4. (Also dog’s-tooth.) ‘A sharp steel punch used
4 marble-workers ’ (Knight Dect. Mech.).
. attrib. Dog-tooth bit: used as a rendering of
L. /upatum frenum, a curb studded with jagged
points like a wolf’s teeth.
1894 GLapstonE Horace, Odes 11 His Gallic steed he doth
not guide With dogtooth bit,
Hence Dog-tooth v. ¢vans., to decorate with dog-
tooth moulding: see 3.
1851 Ruskin Stones Ven. I. xxiii. § 12 It might easily have
been dogtoothed, but the Byzantine architects had not
invented the dogtooth. 1889 J.T. FowLrer Notes on All
Saints’, Winterton 11 Thetwo[columns]..with dog-toothed,
horizontal bands.
Dog-tree. [app. as bearing DoG-BERRIES, q.v. ;
wheuce called by the early herbalists dogderry-tree.]
1. The Common Dogwood or Wild Cornel.
1548 Turner Names of Herbes 30 Cornus..The female is
plentuous in Englande and the buchers make prickes of it,
some cal.it Gadrise or dog tree. 1613 Purcuas Pilgrimage
1. xvi. 326 The barke of the Cornell or dogge-tree.
2. Locally applied to the 2s aoe Euonymus
europeus, the Elder, Sambucus nigra, and the
Guelder-Rose, Viburnum Opulus.
1703 Tuorespy Lef. to Ray (E. D. S.), Bur-tree, an elder
or dog-tree. 1878-86 Britten & Hottanp Plant-n., Dog-tree
..(2) Euonymus europeus. Warw. Ibid. App., Dog-tree,
Viburnum Opulus. Warw.
Dog-trick. ? Oés. A low or ‘scurvy’ trick ;
a treacherous or spiteful act; an ill turn.
¢ 1540 tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camd, No, 36) 284, I will
Vo, III.
|
|
|
|
|
|
* beadle of a church,
585
heere, in the way of mirthe, declare a prettie dog tricke
or gibe as concerninge this mayden.. 1577 Harrison Eng-
dand it. ix. (1878) 11. 64 Gewgaws for fooles, dogtricks
for disards. 16r2 IT. JAMES Jesuits’ Downf. 13 They haue
sundrie other dogtricks of cousenage. 1690 DrypEN Don
Sebast.1.i, Learn better manners, or I shall serve you a dog-
trick, 1803 Zimes in Spirit. Pub. Fruls, (1804) VII. 364
Who scorns to resent that same dog-trick he play’d him.
Dog-trot.
1. An easy trot like that of a dog.
1664 Butter Hud, u. ii. 754 They both advanc’d and
rode A Dog-trot through the bawling Crowd. 1748 RicHarp-
son Clarissa (1811) VII. 258, I hope that... keeping on
a good round dog-trot, I shall be able to overtake thee.
1861 C. Boner Forest Creatures 2 [The wild boar] setting
off at his old dog-trot. 1868 Losstnc //udson 11 Our Indian
took the heaviest [boat]..and with a dog-trot bore it the
wholedistance. attrib, 1830 C. CLARKE 3 Courses §& Dessert
116 Still came on at a dog-trot pace.
+b. fig. A steady or habitual course of action ;
a habit, ‘way’. Obs. Cf. Joc-rrRor.
1690 DryDEN Amfphitryon 1. Wks. 1884 VIII. 54 I'll fall
into my old dog-trot of lying again, if this must come of
aie dealing. 1742 Warsurton Remarks Tillard Wks. 1811
I. 152 The common dog-trot of infidelity and free-thinking.
2. dit. A journey performed by dogs on the trot.
1856 Kane Arct. Expl. II. i, 12 A dog-trot of near one
hundred miles, where your dogs may drop at any moment.
Dog-vane. aut.
1, ‘A small vane made of thread, cork, and fea-
thers, or buntin, placed on the weather gunwale to
show the direction of the wind’ (Saz/or’s Word-bh.).
1769 Fatconer Dict. Marine (1789), Dog-Vane, a small
light vane, formed of a piece of pack-thread about two feet
in length. 1829 Marryat /, Midday xiv, His head turned
like a dog-vane in a gale of wind. 1859 O. W. Hotmes
Prof. Breakf.-t. i, The fool’s judgment is a dog-vane that
turns witha breath. attrib. 1825 H. B. Gascoicne Nav,
Fame 51 The Dog-vane Staff the Quartermaster moves, The
wind upon the Larboard Quarter proves,
2. ‘Familiarly applied to a cockade.’
1785 Grose Dict. Vulgar Tongue, Dowse your dog vane,
take the cockade out of your hat. @1814 Dispin Bild Bod-
stay, There's Nipcheese, the purser,..The eddy of Fortune
stands on a stift breeze in, And mounts, fierce as fire, a
dog-vane in his hat.
Dog-violet. Alsodog’sviolet. [trans]. Bot.L.]
The common name of Viola cantina and other
scentless species of wild violet. Originally merely
a book-name ; but now in general use.
1778 Licutroor flora Scot. (1789) 508 Viola canina.
Dog's Violet. 1801 Withering’s Brit. Plants (ed. 4) 11.257
Viola] canina, Dog's Violet. 1826 Scorr HVoodst. xxviii,
Mistress Alice, whom I thought a very snow-drop, turned
out a dog-violet! 1870 Morris Earthly Par. II. 1. 52
The pale dog-violet Late April bears.
Do-gward, adv. (adj.): see -WARD.
Dog-watch, Naut. [Cf. Doc-srrrr.] The
name given to the two short watches (of two hours
each instead of four): see quot. 1840.
17oo S. L. tr. Fryke’s Voy. &. Ind. 7 Count Maurice’s
Quarter hath the second Watch, and is also called the Dog-
watch. 1836 E. Howarp X&. Reefer xxxii, About two
bells in the first dog-watch the first-lieutenant decided
upon furling the main-sail. 1840 R. H. Dana Bef Mast
iil. 5 The watch from four to eight p.m., is divided into
two half, or dog-watches, one from four to six, and the
other from six to eight. By this means they divide the
twenty-four hours into seven watches instead of six, and
thus shift the hours every night.
Dog-weary, @. = Doc-rinep.
1596 SHaks. Zam, Shr. iv. ii. 60 O Master, master I
haue watcht so long, That I am dogge-wearie. 1699 R.
L’EstrancGE Codlog. Erasm, (1711) 120, | was so Dog-weary
of sitting. 1825 Locknart in Scott's Fam. Lett. (1894) 11.
323 We are. .dog-weary every night.
og-whelk. [See WHELK.] The popular name
of univalve molluscs of the genus /Vassa.
1856 Gosse Marine Zool. 11. 129 Nassa, Dog-whelk. 1882
Standard 26 Sept. 2/2 The dog-whelk..is likewise a great
enemy to the [cockle]. ae af
— A whip for chastising or driving
adog. Cf. horsewhzp.
1563-87 Foxe A. § M. (1631) III. xii. 852/1 They did whip
him about the Market with a dogge-whip, hauing three
cords. 1677 Marvett Arg. New Parl. Wks. 1776 Il.
565 A cowardly baffled sea captain..once whipped with
a dog whip. attrib, 1871 Tennyson Last Tourn. 58 His
visage ribb'd.. with dogwhip-weals.
Dog-whipper.
1. An official formerly employed to whip dogs
out of a church or chapel. Locally retained, as an
appellation of a sexton or beadle.
1592 Nasue P. Penilesse Wks, (1883-4) 127 It were verie
good the dogwhipper in Paules tania: haue a care of this.
1721 Audit-Bk. Christ's Coll. in Willis & Clark Cambridge
(1886) III. 520 Paid Salmon the Dogwhipper a year ending
at Mich. last 1. 0. 0. 1869 Lonsdale Gloss., Dog-whipper,
a church beadle. | entish Gloss., Dog-whipper, the
whose duty it was, in former days, to
whip the dogs out of church. 1888 in Sheffield Gloss.
2. Humorously applied to a university proctor in
allusion to his ‘bull-dogs’.
1789 J. Wotcorrt (P. Pindar) Subj. for Paint. Wks. 1812
II. 204 Attended by each Dog-whipper called Proctor.
Dog-wolf. [See Doe sé. 16b.] A male wolf.
1557 Nortu Gueuara's Diall Pr. 114 b/2 Which y° dogge
wolfe doth prouide both for the byche and her whealpes.
= Josseiyn Voy. New Eng. 22 When the Wolves have
kill’d a beast..not a Dog-Wolf amongst them offers to eat
any of it, till the she-Wolves have fill’d their paunches. 17!
Phil, Trans, UXXVII. 255, I happened to see a Dog-wolf,
posite).
DOILY.
Dogwood (dggwud). [lit. wood of the Doc-
TREE, q.v.]
1. The Wild Cornel, Cornus sanguinea, a shrub
common in woods and hedgerows in the south of
England, with dark red branches, greenish-white
flowers, and dark purple berries.
[Turner calls it dogberry tree; Lyte ‘ Wilde Cornell tree,
Houndes tree, and Hounde berie, or Dogge berie tree, and
the Pricke timber tree, because Butchers vse to make
prickes of it’.] 1617 Minsneu Ductor Ling., The Dogges
tree, dogge-wood, or wilde cherrie tree, which Butchers
make prickes of. 1753 CuamBers Cyc?. Supp. sv. Cornus,
The dogwood, or dogberry-tree. 1824 Miss Mirrorp
Village Ser. 1. (1863) 21 Promontories of dog-wood. 1859
W. S. Coreman Woodlands (1862) 124 The Dogwood, or
Wild Cornel.
b. Applied to other species of the genus Cornus ; |
esp., in N. America, to C. flor7da, a tree bearing
large white or pink flowers, and scarlet berries.
1676 T. Grover Ace. of Virginia in Phil. Trans. XI. 628.
1699 Phil. Trans. XX1. 437 We have also plenty of Pine,
and Dog-wood, which is a fine Flower-bearing-Tree. 1859
Loner. Hyperion 1, i, The dog-wood, robed in the white of
its own pure blossoms. 1877 W. Mattuews Ethnogr.
Hidatsa 27 These Indians seldom use tobacco alone, but
mix it with the dried inner bark of one or more species of
dogwood, Cornus stolonifera and C. sericea.
2. Applied to various other shrubs and trees. a.
In Jamaica, various species of /scidia, a genus of
leguminous trees ; in New South Wales, a legumi-
nous shrub, Jacksonza scoparia in Tasmania, the
shrub or small tree Bedfordia salicina (N.O. Com-
b. Locally and improperly applied in
England to the Spindle-tree, Alder Buckthorn, Bird-
Cherry, Guelder Rose, and Woody Nightshade.
(Britten & Holland.) ce. With defining words;
Black Dogwood, Bird-Cherry, Alder Buckthorn,
and Pisctdia carthaginensis. Poison Dogwood,
the Poison Sumach of N. America (A’/us venenata).
Pond Dogwood, Cephalanthus occidentalis of
Louisiana (Miller P/ant-n.), Striped Dogwood,
Acer pennsylvanicum, White Dogwood, Guelder-
Rose and Péscidia Erythrina.
1725 SLOANE Yamaica II. 275 Another sort of fishing they
had with the bark of the tree called Dogwood [Piscidia
Erythrina], which being bruised and put into standing
waters. .intoxicated [the fishes]. 1838 Loupon A rboretune
496 Luonymus Europeus..\t is called Dogwood, because a
decoction of its leaves was used to wash dogs, to free them
from vermin. 1847 LetcuHarpt Jv. i, 11 Ironbark ridges
here and there. .with dogwood (Jacksonia). diversified the
sameness. 1 Treas. Bot. 132 Bledfordia] salicina, the
Dogwood of ‘Tasmania, has beautifully marked wood, suit-
able for cabinet-work. 1867 Uve’s Dict. Arts (1875) II. 764
‘The woods yielding good powder charcoals are black alder,
poplar, spindle tree, black dogwood, and chestnut. 1878
Britten & Hoirann Plant-x., Dogwocd .. (3) Rhamnuus
Frangula, The ‘dogwood’ used in the manufacture of
gunpowder is produced by this shrub, //axts,
8. The wood of any of these; esp. that of Corns
sanguinea, Which is close and smooth-grained.
1664 Evetyn Sylva 1. xx. (1729) 108 Wild-cornel, or Dog-
wood, good to make Mill-Cogs, Pestles, Bobins for Bone-
lace, Spokes for Wheels, &c. 1696 Lond. Gaz. No. 3206/4
Angle-Rods made of Foreign Dogwood, 1859 Farrnotr
Tobacco (1876) 192 The tube is of dogwood such as butcher's
skewers are made of. 1875 Uve's Dict. Arts II. 69 Dog-
wood, cornus sanguinea, .Little splinters of this wood are
used by the watch-maker for cleaning out the pivot-holes of
watches, and by the optician for cleaning deeply-seated
small lenses. Its peculiarity is that it is remarkably free
from silex. Toothpicks are also manufactured from dog-
wood. 1867, 1878 [see 2).
4. attrib.
1707 SLOANE Yamaica I. p. xii, Negroes take them [fish]
by intoxicating them with Dogwood bark. 1769 W. Stork
Acc. E. Florida 46 The ash, locust, and dog-wood-trees are
here in abundance. 1875 Ure's Dict. Arts 11.69 Dog-wood
Bark, the bark of the Cornus florida .. much used in the
United States as a substitute for Peruvian bark.
Dohter, -or, -ur, obs. forms of DAUGHTER.
Doil(e, obs. var. of DoLE sd.2, grief, mourning.
Doiled, doilt (doild, doilt), Ap/. a. Sc. Also
(north. dial.) deyl’d, deylt. [cf. DoLp.] Stupid;
foolish, crazed; affected in mind.
1513 Douctas nets vil. vi. 16 As thir beistis, or the
doillit as, Thair fuid of treis did in woddis fet. 1606 Birnie
Kirk-Buriall (1833) 34 It_was long held as indifferent
in the doylde dayes. "1659 Macatto Caz. Physick 23 When
the body becomes heavy, lazy and doiled. 1786 Burns
Scotch Drink xv, Mony a poor, doylt, druken hash. 1814
Scorr Wav, xxx, Ye doil’d dotard.
Hence Doi‘ledness, stupidity, dullness.
1588 A. Kinctr. Canisius’ Catech., Cert. Deuot Prayers 23
O God, mak me lauly without feignednes, mirrie without
lightnes, grave without doildenes.
oilful, obs. form of DoLEFUL.
Doily (doi'li), sé. or a. Also doiley, doyly,
-ley, erron. @Oyley, doylie. [from personal
surname Doztley or Doyley.
1712 BupGett Sect. No. 283 » 18 The famous Doily is
still fresh in every one’s ee who raised a Fortune by
finding out Materials for such Stuffs as might at once be
cheap and genteel. 1727 Sir H. Stoane in Phil. Trans.
XXXIV. 222 Mr. Doyly, (who was a great searcher after
Curiosities, and gave Name to a sort of Stuffs worn in
Summer). 1750-1800 Prcce MS. Note (Skeat, Philol.
Trans, 1885, 91) Doyley Lea a Linnen-draper’s shop in the
Strand, a little West of Catherine Street.] 748
DOING.
+1. attrib. or adj. The name of a woollen stuff,
‘at once cheap and genteel’, introduced for summer
wear in the latter part of the 17th c. Ods.
1678 Drypen Kind Keefer ww. i, Doily Petticoat:
and Manto’s we have. 1697 Lond. Gaz. No. 3293/4 A me]
colour Doyly Drugget new Coat. 1712 ArsuTunot John
Builli.vi, His children were reduced from rich silks to Doily
stuffs. 1713 Appison Guardian No. 102 ? 2 Summer has
often caught me in my Drap de Berry, and winter in my
rte d suit. 1714 Gay Trivia. 43 Now in thy trunk the
D'oily habit fold, The silken drugget ill can fence the cold.
2. sd. (Originally Doily-napkin.) A small or-
namental napkin used at dessert.
agtx Swirt Frnl. to Stella 23 Apr., After dinner we had
coarse Doiley-napkins, fringed at each end, upon the table
to drink with. -95 Worcorr (P. Pindar) Lousiad u.
Wks. I. 243 Who dares with Doylies des’ perate war to wage.
1 Gentl. Mag. LXVIII. 1. 755/2 Thus also the small
table napkin called a pian 1802 S. RoGers in Clayden
Early Life (1887) 437 After dinner [in Paris) she threw about
her some ugly dad dirty English doyleys, which she also
explained as the English fashion, and of which I felt quite
pr eset 185s Hr. Martineau Aut eg (1877) I. 68,
I had been picking at the fringe of my doily.
Doing (din), vl. sb. [f. Dov. +-1Ne1,]
conduct ; performance or execution of something.
1325 Song Mercy 12g in E, E. P. (1862) 122 In vre doinge.
Be Fortrescur Ads. & Lim. Mon. ix, This maner off
doynge hath be so ofte practised. ax
Huon c. 327 In the doynge is all the mater.
Lp. BerNners
1638 Z. Boyp
Zion's Flowers (1855) Introd. 40 It shall not be called your
..doeing, what shall be done..by another. 1722 WoLLASTON
Relig. Nat. iv. 62 The faculties..necessary to the doing of |
any thing. 1842 Tennyson St. Simeon Stylites 121 "Tis
their own doing; this is none of mine.
b. euphem. Copulation.
16or Suaks. All's Well 11. iii. 246. @ 1637 B. Jonson tr.
Fragm. Petron. Arbiter Wks. (Rtldg.) 740. 1675 Cotton
Scoffer Scoft 117. 1869 Hazuitr Eng. Prov, 105.
2. That which is done ; a deed, act, action, per-
formance, transaction, proceeding, piece of business.
Usually (now always) in J/.
App. little used in 18th c.; Johnson says ‘ now only used
in a ludicrous sense, or in low, mean language’.
1385 Cuaucer L. G. W. 1681 Lucretia, Th’ exilynge of
kynges Of Rome for here orible doinges. 1440 J. Suirtey
Dethe K. Fames (1818) 21 That horribile doyng and faite..
at [= that] the said traitours hadde done. 1548-9 (Mar.)
Bk. Com. Prayer, Morning Prayer, That al our doinges
may be ordred by thy gouernaunce. 1603 Suaks. Meas. for
Mw, i. 63 Volumes of report Run..Vpon thy doings, 1611
Biste Prov. xx. 11 Evena child is known by his doings. 1667
Mirton ?. ZL. x1. 720 A Reverend Sire..of thir doings great
dislike declar’d. 1799 J. Jay Corr. §& Papers (1893)1V. 259 Our
conversation here turns so much on Great Britain and (as
some phrase it) her doings. 1816 Scott Axtiz. xlii, You'll
do this poor ruined family the best day’s doing that has
been done them since Redhand’s days. 1825 CoLERIDGE
Lett. Convers. etc. 11. 212 My thoughts, wishes, and
prayers follow you in all your doings and strivings.
3. with adverbs or adverbial phrases: see Do v.
c 1340 Hampote Prose Tr. 12 Consaile es doynge awaye of
worldes reches, and of all delytes of all thyngez pat mane
may be tagyld with. 1483 Cath. Angl. 103/1 A Doynge
welle, deneficencia.
The house was shabby for want of new doing up.
Doing (din), Ap/. a. [f. as prec. + -1NG 2.]
That does, acts, performs, ete. (see Do v.) ; spec.
actively engaged or occupied, busy ; energetic.
1576 Freminc Panofpl. Epist. 308 One while I wil be
dooing with this booke, another while with that. 1591
Percivatt Sp. Dict., Rebuelto, cavallo rebuelto..a \ustie
doing horse. 1646 Br. Maxweti Burden /ssachar in
Phenix (1708) 11. 273 The active and doing men. 1792 Lp.
Grenvitte in Lecky Eng. in 18th C. (1887) VI. 54 All
that the most doing Government could do in twenty years.
Dois. Sc. Ods. [app. related to early mod.Du.
doesen to strike with force and noise: cf. Dusu.]
Shock (of bodies meeting) ; crash.
1535 Stewart Cron. Scot. (1856) 11. 118 With sic ane
dois togidder that tha draif, Quhill all their scheildis into
pecis raif, :
Doit (doit). Also 7 doite, doyt. [a. early
mod.Du. duit (in MDu. also duyt, deuyt, doyt,deyt),
whence also Ger. dewt. Of uncertain derivation.
Kluge and Franck identify it with Norse Avezt
piece cut off, small piece of land, a unit of weight,
a small coin, f. Avéta to cut.]
1, A small Dutch coin formerly in use, the eighth
of a stiver, or the half of an English farthing ;
ence (chiefly in negative phrases) as the type of
a very small or trifling sum. (Cf. DENIER 3.)
Also called doitkin or Dopktn (q.v.); it had Bop! currency
in England in the 15th c. It was prob. originally of silver,
and afterwards of base silver; finally it was of copper,
1594 Nasne Unfort. Trav. 5 The pore man might haue
his moderate draught. .for his doit or his dandiprat. 1610
Suaks. 7emf. u. ii, 33 They will not giue a doit to relieve
a lame Beguer 1630 J. Tayior (Water P.) Wks. Aaiij a/r
(Stanf.) They are monstrous thriuers, Not like the Dutch-
men in base Doyts and Stiuers. _ 1638 Br. SANDERSON Serm.
II. 104 We disburs'd not a mite, not a doyt towards it.
1755 SMOLLETT Quix. (1803) IV. 224, 1 print for profit, with-
out which, reputation is not worth a doit. 1784 Cowrer
Task v. prs. 1850 CarLye Latter-d. P. ii, (1872) 72 Every
doit of the account. .will have to be settled one day.
b. Transferred to various small coins.
1728 Episc. Ch. Rec. in Cramond Ann, Banff (1893) 11.
ge rench dytts and lettered bodles £9. 11. 8. 1744
Ibid. 159 ‘The Th get disposed of the doits
belonging tothe Chapel, 1882 Brrnet. Counting-ho. Dict.
| -ATE *.
1814 Cot. Hawker Diary (1893) I, 122
| sich an old dote Alle d
586
(1893) 100 Dort, a Hindostan copper coin, 120 to a
1893 Cramonn Ann. Banff Il. 158 The doits on hand in
1739 were sold for £ 12 18s. Sc., and in 1743 the discount on
doits. .at four for a halfpenny amounted to £7 5s. Sc.
2. transf. and fig. A very small piece or part of
anything ; adso/. a very little, a bit, a jot; esp. in
phr. not to care a dott.
1660 Fisuer Rusticks Alarm Wks. (1679) 341 Many Holy
Prophets Writings are lost, but not a Doit of the Doctrine.
1695 Concreve Love for L. 1. v, He does not care a doit
for your person. a1734 Nortu Axam. 1. ii. § 83 (1740) 74
No Doit of that appears from him. 1849 Mrs. CartyLe
Lett. 11. 94 As if anybody out of the family of Friends
cared a doit about W. Penn.
Doi‘ted, a. Sc. [Of uncertain origin: perh. a
variant of Dotep. As the oz, however, is-here a true
diphthong, the form is to be distinguished from
Se. words in which of was merely a fashion of
spelling long 0.)
Having the faculties impaired, esp. by age.
¢1425 Wyxtoun Crom. v. xii, 4041 The doytyd qwennys
off that land. 15.. Dunbar’s Tua mariit Wemen 377
| (Jam.) Full doitit was his heid [S. 7..S. ed. reads dotit).
3 4 ; | ax60§ Potwart Flyting w. Montgomerie
1, The action of the verb Do; action, proceeding, |
A At mens com-
mand that laikes ingyne, Quhilke, doytted dyvours! gart
thee dyte them. 1787 Burns Brigs of Ayr 144 Fit only for
a déited monkish race. 1823 Lamp Elia Ser. u. N. Year's
Coming of Age, Which plainly shewed her old head to be
little better than crazed and doited. 1825 Scott Fam.
Lett. 11 Oct. (1894) II. 351 Old friends left in the bloom of
youth have .. become . . doited old bodies.
Doitkin: see Donkin.
Dokan, -en, obs. forms of DocKEN,
Doke (dék). Nowonlyda/, Also 7-8 doak.
th. originally do/k, var. of DALK*, Dawk 1: cf.
Fris. dé/ke small hollow, dimple ; see also DoLK.]
A hollow, depression ; a dint ; a dimple.
1615 Crooke Body of Man 621 The doke or dimple in the
middest of the chin. 1674 Ray S. 6 EZ. C. Words 64 Doke,
a deep Dint or furrow. 1674 N. Fatrrax Bulk §& Selv. 130
His two forefeet, which he had thrust so into the soft of her
sides, as to make two deep doaks there. 1705 Lond. Gaz.
No. 4156/4 Stolen..a..Mare..with a Doke in her Skull
over her right Eyebrow four inches long. 1866 Spectator 20
Jan. 72 The little doke in the end of the nose.
Doke, obs. form of Duck, Duke.
Doket, obs. form of Docket, Ducat.
Doke'tic, Do-ketism, etc., forms preferred by
some to Doceric, DocerTisy, etc., as truer phonetic
representatives of the Greek. See K.
1877 Eapir Comm. Thess. 149 The apostle had his eye on
Doketic views. 1882 Cave Banks tr. Dorner’s Chr.
Doctr. III, 206 The finest form of Doketism, 1882-3
Scuarr Encycl. Relig. Knowl. 1. 445 The doketistic
Gnostics. 2
Dokimastice, -asy, var. ff. DocimastTic, -asy.
Dol, obs. form of Dat, DoLz, Dutt.
Dorlabrate, 2. Zot. [f. L. dolabra (see next) +
=DoLasrirorm. Syd. Soc. Lex. 1883.
+ Dola‘bre. 0s. rave. [ad. L. doldbra mattock,
pickax, f. dolare to chip, hew; prob. immediately
from an identical OF. form.] An adze.
1474 Caxton Chesse um. ii. Evjb, The carpenters ben
Dolabriform (<olx:briffmm), a. [f. L. dolabra
pickax + forma shape, form: cf. F. dolabriforme.]
Ax-shaped, cleaver-shaped; in Bot. applied to
fleshy leaves having one side thick and straight,
the other sharp and convex, as in Mesembryanthe-
mum dolabriforme. Also, in Entom., to joints of
antennee or other parts of a similar form.
1753 CuamBers Cycl. Sufp., Botany Tab. 2 Distinctions
of the Leaves... Dolabriform. 1819 Pantologia, Dolabriform
..in botany, an axe or hatchet-shaped leaf. .C d
signefyed by the dolabre or squyer.
DOLE.
ie field ‘eht) Wh hi
shag am nere Seer it so long
Do: (dg'ldrém), Usually in pl. doldrums.
kor the formn cf. cantrum.
1812 Examiner 7 Sept. 571/1 A doldrum is, we believe,
a 1824
Ham Jngol, Leg., Row in Omni. I
Manager sits in his chair.)
2. pl. doldrums.
a. A condition of dullness or drowsiness ;
dumps, low spirits, depression. .
1811 Morning Herald 13 Apr. in Spirit Pub. Fruis.
(1812) XV. 175, I am now in the doldrums; but when I get
better, I will send you [etc.]. 1835 Marryar Yac. Fait iy.
xi, ‘Come, father, old Dictionary is in the doldrums;
rouse him up with another stave.’ 1862 Atheneum
Aug. 266 A g! of brandy-and-water is a for
doldrums, 1886 C. Keene Let. in G. S. taser Life xi.
a so great thing is to evade ‘the Doldrums’,
s é condition of a ship in which, either from
calms, or from baffling winds, she makes no head-
way; a becalmed state.
1824 Byron /sland u. xxi, From the bluff head where
I watch’d to-day, I saw her in the doldrums; for the wind
Was light and baffling. 1 Marryat P. Simple xiiii,
As we ran along the coast, | perceived a véssel under the
high land in what the sailors called the doldrums; this is,
almost becalmed, or her sails flapping about in every
direction with the eddying winds.
Jig. 1883 Times (weekly ed.) 16 Feb. 10 The ship of
State has escaped the tornado, but seems becalmed in a
kind of political and financial doldrums. Sm T.
Surnercanp in Westm, Gaz. 11 July 1/3 At the present
the trade app to be in the pot Preting
ce. An intellectually non-plussed condition.
1871 G. Merepitn H. Richmond xxvii, My wits are in
the doldrums. 1878 J. R. O’Fianacan /rish Bar (1879)
142 The Counsellor’s questions put him in a doldrum,
8. transf. A region in which ships are specially
liable to be becalmed; sec. (Equatorial dol-
drums), the region of calms and light baffling
winds near the equator, where the trade winds meet
and neutralize each other.
(Apparently due toa di ding of the ph ‘in
the doldrums’, the state being taken as a locality.)
bs Maury Phys. Geog. Sea x. $583 The ‘equatorial
| doldrums’ is another of these calm places. Besides being
a region of calms and baffling winds, it is a region noted for
its rains 1883 E. F. Knicur Cruise Falcon (1887) 26 The
sultry doldrums, where a ship may lie for weeks. .a regi
of unbearable calm, broken occasionally by violent pen,
Dole (ddl), 56.1 Forms: 1 daél, 2-4 dal(e, 3
dol, 4-6 dool(e, 5 doylle, dooll, 6 Sc. daill, 6-7
doal(e, 3- dole. [OE. ddl, a parallel form to
del which gives Dea sé.1 In senses 5-7, used as
n. of action from Dea v. See also Dare 2.]
+1. The state of being divided ; division. Ods.
¢ 1000 JELrric Exod. viii, 23 Ic sette dal betwux pin folc
& min fole. c1a7g Passion Our Lord 446 in O. E. Mise.
50 Hi nolden ber-of makie nones cunnes dol. ¢1340 Cursor
M., 23521 (Trin.) Pei are in onehede so in dole. ;
+2 A part or division of a whole; a portion ;
=Deat sb.) 1. Ods.
a 1000 Guthiac (Gr.) 25 1s pes middan-geard dalum zedaled.
1175 Lamb, Hom. 47 Beo heo dal neominde of heofene
riches blisse. ¢ 1200 Saran 8266 Sibbenn wass be kinedom
O fowwre daless daledd. a x225 Ancr. R. 10 pe latere dole
of his sawe limped to recluses; vor per beod two dolen to
two manere of men bet beod of religiun. c¢1ago Gen. & Ex.
15t On four doles delen he po 13.. A. E. Allit. P.
his tour
roundish, obtuse. .with a sharp edge, roundish below. 1828
Stark Elem, Nat. Hist. i. 294 Palpi.. terminated by
a dolabriform joint. 1843 Humpureys Brit. Moths 11. 119
Wings. .with broad black fascia..which extends..as far as
the middle of the wing, where it is dolabriform.
+Dola‘tion. Ods. rare—°. [n. of action f. L.
dolire to aw Smoothing with an adze,
1656 Biount Gi, Dolation, a smoothing or making even.
Dolcan (dp‘lkin). [f. It. dolce sweet: cf. It.
dolciano.) A kind of organ stop (see quots.).
1852 J. J. Semet Organ 20 Stops .. made wider at the
upper end than the lower, as is the case with the. .Dolcan.
1877 Hopkins & Rimpautt The Organ (ed. 3) IL. xxii. 137
Dolcan ., is a manual stop of 8 feet, the pipes of which are
of larger diameter at the top than at the bottom, producing
a very agreeable tone.
|| Dolce far niente (do'lt{e fir niente). [It.;
= ‘sweet doing nothing’.] Delightful idleness.
1814 Byron in Moore Lie (1832) III. 100 (Stanf.) Making
the most of the ‘dolce far niente’ [at Hastings]. x
Loner. in Life (1891) I. 187 It is there..that the dolce far
niente of a summer evening is most heavenly. bees 3 W. H.
Russet in 19th Cent. Sept. 490 That form of the dolce far
niente which is termed meditation.
attrib, 1865 H. Kincstey Hillyars & Burtons i, His
dolce far niente, insolent manner.
Dolecinist, -ite: see DuLcrist,
+ Dold, A//. a. Obs. [perh. orig. pa. pple. of
*dol-en, var. of dull-en, DULL v.: cf. OE. dol adj.,
dull, foolish, bape also Sc. dowd, Dow v.3]
Stupid, inert, as through old age, cold, etc.
©1460 Towneley Was 4 (Noe) Hit is wonder that I last
[rime old). Ibid. 98 (Shepherd |
B. 216 Per he tynt be type dool @ 1400~
diet As arene aoe fo
past. 157; USSER » xivin. (1878) 104 t
same hi A deuide them by doles,
b. Alining. A portion of ore: see quots.
1823 Crass Zechnol. Dict., Dole (Min.),a pile of ore for
sale. 1874 J. H. Cottiss Metal Mining 112 The piles or
doles belonging to the different parties. 1880 H”, Cornw.
Gloss., Dole, a | of copper ore; a share in a mine;
mine dues. what dole do you pay?’ :
+e. A portion of a common or undivided field ;
=DaLE2 1, Obs.
te, Firzuers, Surv. 41 They [meadows] ought to be well
ed bytwene every mannes dole. 1611 Alanch. Crt.
Leet Rec. (1885) X1. 263 One Barne and a doale of Lande.
1787 W. Marsuatt Norfolk 11. 10 To cut and burn antshills
a dole belonging to his farm, upon a common.
d. A portion (conventionally fixed) for sale;
a ‘lot’.
1887 Doncaster Tradesman's Advt. Bill, We shall clear
out several hundred doles of superior Wakefield Worsted at
a8 and 114d per dole.
. A part allotted or apportioned to one, or be-
longing to one by right ; share, portion, lot. arch.
a 1225 St. Marher. 22 Ne schaltu habben wid me dale of
heouene riche. @ Ureisun 150 in Cott, Hom. 199 Pu
schalt me a ueir dol of heoueriche blisse. ¢ Cerin,
on 14 in Ritson Afetr. Rom, 11, 287 Made 1
yhol Balle toysounedol. 13.. £. £. Allit. P. B. 699, I..
dy3t drwry per-inne, doole al wettest. 1548 Forrest
Pleas. Poesye Nobul_ thynge Delonge to
Doale [r/me soule). 1601 Suaks. Ad/’s Well nu. 176
What t creation, and what dole of honour Flies where
id it. 1676 HALE Contempl. 1. 272 Our measure and
dole is given unto us, 1871 Tennyson Last Tournament
556 Hath not our great Queen My dole of beauty trebled?
DOLE.
4. Portion or lot (in life); fate, destiny: chiefly
in proverbial phr. Happy man be his dole. arch.
lax Parl. Byrdes 179 in Hazl. £. P. P. II. 176, 1
woulde the hauke brake his necke, Or [were] brought vnto
some myscheuous dale [ve tale]. 1562 J. Heywoop Prov.
& Epigr. (1867) 169 Happy man happy-dole, so say sycke
and hole. 1596 Suaxs. 1 Hex. /V, u. ii. 79 Happy man be
his dole, say 1: euery man to his businesse. 1663 BuTLer
Hud. 1. iii. 638 Let us that are unhurt and whole Fall on,
and happy Man be's Dole. 1803 W. S. Rose Amadis 99
Death be his dole who worst maintains the strife. 1838
Sourney Doctor V. 147 Happy man would be his dole,
who, when he had made up his. mind [etc. ].
5. Dealing out or distribution of gifts; esp. of
food or money given in charity.
cx205 Lay. 19646 Six cnihtes..gan to pas kinges dale,
swulc heo weoren vn-hale. 1297 R. GLouc. (1724) 165
Messagers in pouere monne wede, Pat at doles in be court
her mete myd opere bede. 1449 Pecock Refr. il. xv. 375
Of the ouerplus make doole to othere. 1620 SANDERSON
12 Serm. (1637) 60 The Gifts here spoken of are distributed
as it were by doale. 1653 Mitton /irelings Wks. (1851)
388 As he dispenses it in his Sunday Dole. 1778 Eng.
Gazetteer (ed. 2', Stretham, Surry..has a charity-school,
and a dole every Sunday, of 21 two-penny loaves. 1878
Brownine La Saisiaz 59 Pleasures stinted in the dole.
+b. Dealing, distribution, delivery (of blows,
death). Ods.
@ 1525 (ed. Pynson) Sir Beues (1885) 48 note, Al they sayde,
seke and hole, That they had ben at Beuys dole. 1587 FLeminG
Contn. Holinshed 111. 1321/2 They..fought couragiouslie,
as if the Greeks and Troians had dealt their deadlie dole.
1597 Suaks, 2 Hen. /V, 1. i. 169 That in the dole of
blowes your Son might drop. 1621 Fretcuer /s?l. Prin-
cess 1v. ii, Dealing large doles of death. 1671 Mitton
Samson 1529 What if .. He now be dealing dole among
his foes? .
6. That which is distributed or doled out ; esp. a
gift of food or money made in charity. Hence,
a portion sparingly doled out.
1362 Lanci. P. PZ. A. m1. 63 Whon 3e 3iuen doles. 1480
Caxton Chron, Eng. cexlvi. (1482) 311 A dole to poure
perl of vi shyllynges viii pens to bedelyd peny mele. 1566
. Micuetts in Suckling Suffolk (1847) 86 There was
tythe of fysche called Christs dole, paid in this manner :
vidlt, of every fisher boat going to the sea, half a dole.
1635 R. Botton Comf Affi. Consc. vi. 396 Rich men cast
into the Treasury large Doles, and royall offerings. 1793
Burke Rem. Policy Allies Wks. VII. 136 At Paris..the
bread they buy is a daily dole. 1862 MerivaLe Rom. Emp.
(1871) V. xl. 55 Recipients of the ordinary dole of grain.
1894 Times (weekly ed.) 19 Jan. 59/4 Not a penny of it
was distributed until November 1, and then only in doles
and driblets. :
+b. Reward given to hounds. Ods.
1576 Turserv. Venerie 144 The houndes must be rewarded
with the Bowels, the bloud and the feete. .it is not called a
rewarde but a dole. 1688 R. Hotme Armoury u. 187/2
Dole is the reward of a Roe-Buck, given to the Hounds.
ec. transf. and fig. .
1642 Mitton Afol. Smect. i. Wks. (1847) 85/1 Who made
you the busy almoner to deal about this dole of laughter
and gy recy 1844 Mrs. Browninc Vision Poets
ccxvi., Poems 1850 I, 232 Hand-service, to receive world’s
ole.
+7. Dealing, intercourse; =DaE? 2. Ods.
cr Cursor M. 683 (Trin.) pese beestis were so meke in
dole Wipouten hurtyng pei 3eoden hole. 1549 Coverpate,
etc. Erasm. Par. 1 Peter iii. 7 Yf bothe parties .. refrayne
from bodyly doale. 1561 Child Marriages (1897) 9 He had
neuer any Carnall dole with her.
8. attrib. and Comb., as in dole-bag, -beer, -cup,
-penny, -silver; Aole-fish (see quot. 1641); dole-
land, -meadow, -moor, a piece of common
land, moor, etc. in which various persons have
portions indicated by landmarks, but not divided
off; dolesman, -woman, a man or woman who
receives a dole; dole-window, a window at which
doles were distributed.
1610 B. Jonson A/ch. 1. i, Sell the *dole-beere to aqua-vite
men, 1583 J. Hicins tr. ¥uninus’ Nomenclator (N.) Pain
@aumosne, *dole-bread. a 1652 Brome City Wit w. iv.
Wks. 1873 I. 352 ag sama in dole bread. a 1845 Mrs.
Bray Warleigh xiii, He .. received the customary fee, and
having drunk what was called a ‘*dole cup’ of excellent
waters, returned home. 1533-4 Act25 Hen. VIII, c. 4 § 2
No..person..shall..bie any cole or dooles of any of the
maryners of any of the seid shyppe or shippes, called the
maryners *Dole fysshe. 1641 Termes de la Ley 126 Dole-fish
seemeth to bee those fishes which the fisher-men yeerly
employed in the North seas, doe of custome receive for
their allowance. 1805 W. Taytor in dun. Rev. III. 57
The plots of field are often parcelled out like *dole-lands in
petty compartments, 1881 7 ies 30 Mar. 11/4 The trustees,
the *dol and the *doleswomen might be a small group
of old faces well known to one another. 1726 Dict. Rust,
(ed, 3) s.v. *Dole-Meadow, a Meadow wherein several Per-
sons havea share. 1825-7 Hone Every-Day Bh. 11.918
The two large pieces of common land called *Dolemoors.
Ibid. 921 The Marks for allotting Dolmoors. 1686 Piotr
Staffordsh. 314 This *dole-penny is .. given to all persons
then residing in the parish. 1579 Sc. Acts ¥as. VI (1814)
- 169 (Jam.) All landis, annuellis, obitis, *daill siluer, mailis,
rentis, etc. 1859 Turner Dom. Archit. U1. 1. vii. 214
In the hall..is a low side window, called a *Dole window,
formerly used for distributing alms.
Dole, dool, dule (dol, di), sb.2 arch. and
dial. Forms: a. 3-4 deol, del, (3 deil, 4 diol,
dyel), 4-5 deel, dele, (deyl(le); 8. 3-5 doel,
(5 doell) ; 3-5 dol, (4-5 doul, 5 doll), 4-9 dool,
dole, (4-7 doole, 6 doal(e, 7 dowle) ; 4 doil, 4-5
doile, doyl, doyll, 5 doylle; +. 4 duel, dul, 4-9
dule, 4-5 duyl, 5 Sc. dwle, 6-7 dulle, duill; 6
587
deul, 6-7 dewle, 7-8 Sc. deule; 5. 5 duyel,
dueyl, deuel, 6-7 dueil. [a. OF. doe/ (11th c.),
duel (12--14th ¢.), deol, diol, dial, diel, del (13th c.),
dol, dul, deul (14th c.), dudl, duet? (16-17th c.),
mod.F. deuz?:—late L. doléum grief. The manifold
forms of the OF. word are reflected in Middle Eng-
lish. The deol type, which first prevailed, and was
at length reduced to dé, became obs. before 1500.
The do/, dole form survived in English till the 16th
c., and its normal representative in modern English
is dool; but the word became to a great extent ob-
solete by 1600, and some of its modern revivers have
preferred the ME. spelling do/e. It has always been
retained in Sc., where it is now regularly ddl, diil,
variously spelt doo/, duzl, dule ; dule also occurred
in English from 14th to 16thc., and is used in pre-
ference to dole or dool by some modern poets. In
addition to these derivatives from OF., the forms
duyel, dueyl, deuel, duetl, imitating later French
types, occur from Caxton onwards. }
1. Grief, sorrow, mental distress.
a. crzago S. Eng. Leg. 1. 42/285 Ech man hadde deol
perof. 1307 Elegy Edw. [, vii, For del ne mihte he
speke na more, ¢ 1320 Cast. Love 110 Alas whiche sorewe
and dyel ther wes! 1393 Lanct. P. Pl. C. xxi. 306 And
al hus issue sholden deye with deol. c1qz0 Anturs of
Arth, xxv, Thenke quat..dele, that I inne duelle.
B. a1240 IWohunge in Cott. //om. 285 Leue me vnder-
stonde pi dol and herteli to felen sum hwat of be sorhe.
c1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 2574 For doel therof amorewe he
starf. c1330 R. Brunne Chron. 165 [She] felle R[ichard] to
fote gretand, pat doole him nam. ¢ 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints,
Thomas 250 He vald.. bryne pame sene ine doile and va.
1430 Lyne: Bochas 1. i. (1544) 4.a, Continual sorow, dread,
dole. cx14g0 AZerdin go ‘The quene dide wepe as she
that hadde grete doel. c1460 7owneley Myst. (Surtees) 62
Alas for doylle we dy! 1579 Spenser Shefh. Cal. Feb.
155, 1..Am like for desperate doole to dye. 1580 SipNry
Ps. xu. vi, Why art thou, my soule, Cast down in such
dole? a1605 Potwart Flyting w. Montgomerie 526 Dryve,
with doole, to death detestabill, This mad malitious monster
miserabill. 1667 Mitton P. LZ. 1v. 894 To change Torment
with ease, & soonest recompence Dole with delight. 1776
C. Keitu Farmer's Ha’ 31 They banish hence a’ care and
dool. 1820 Scorr A/onast. v, The Kelpy has risen from the
fathomless pool, He has lighted his candle of death and of
dool. 1850 Mrs. Browninc Poems II. 87 Earth’s warm-
beating joy and dole.
y. a@1300 Cursor M. 23975 (Cott.) Hir dule [zv.7~. dole]
ne ma i noght for-dill, Bot wit hir wepeing wepe i will.
1425 Wyntoun Croz. vit. xxvii. 93 The Dwle, pat _pai
had in pat Fycht. 1g00-20 Dunpar Poems xiv. 23 The
dulis that communis dois sustene. 1631 A. Craice Pilger.
& Heremite7 Vhy duill, her delight. @1850Rossertt Dante
& Circ. 1. (1874) 287, I stand all day in fear and dule.
8. 1307 Elegy Edw. I, i, My song, Of duel that Deth hath
diht us newe. ¢ 1477 Caxton Yason 18 b, Wherof their king
.-hath had grete dueyl and sorowe. /é¢d. 116 Jason de-
mened so grete a duyel and sorow.
2. The expression of sorrow or grief; mourning,
weeping, lamentation ; chiefly in phr. 70 make dole,
to lament, mourn.
a, c1290 Beket 645 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 125 Pe deol pat
thomas makede: no tounge telle ne may. a@ 1300 Fall &
Passion 83 in E. E. P. (1862) 15 Who spekip of deil a-3e pat
del. neuer such nas ber none. ¢1350 Leg. Cath., Joachim
& Anna 133 Gret diol made Anne for him, 1393 LANGL.
P. Pl. C. xx. 318 Pauh men maken muche deol in here
angre, And beo inpacient in here penaunces. ¢ 1420 Chron.
Vilod. 774 For hurre deth he made gret deylle.
B. a1300 Cursor M. 10455 (Gott.) pu blamys me for i
mak dol. did. 16752+97 (Cott.) Ilk a creature for his ded
made doyl on per wise. ¢ 1380 Wyciir Serv. Sel. Wks.
II. 99 Jesus making dool in himsilf cam to be sepulcre.
1480 Merlin 34 After the corse was made grete doel and
wepynge. @1547 Surrey “neid wv. 43 Time of thy doole,
thy spouse new dead, I graunt None might thee move. 1600
Suakxs. A. Y. Z.1.ii. 139 Making such pittiful dole. 1790
Burns Bard’s Epitaph 5 Owre this grassy heap sing dool,
And drap a tear. 1859 Tennyson Elaine 1130 She died.
So that day there was dole in Astolat.
y- 1380 Sir Ferumb. 3785 Four sithes he ful a-doun
y-sowe, & opre dules made ynowe, & ofte cryede, ‘ Alas !’
cx1425 Seven Sag. (P.) 710 For the dule he made ther-fore,
The knyght hym, selven he was for-lore. 1513 DouGLas
4éneis ut. i. 25 Thair langsum duile and murnyng. 1546
St. Papers Hen. VIII, XI. 13 ‘Vhere was evensong song
of our Lady, very freshely, to recompense the deul bifore.
1s59 SACKVILLE in Mirr. Mag. Induct. xiv, The deadly
dewle, which she so sore dyd make, With dolefull voice.
4 Fenton Fragm. Disc. 12 Dolefull voyce, redoubled
with an eccho of treble dule.
8. c1g00 Melusine xxxiii. 234 He lefte & passed his deuel
the best wyse that he coude. rng 1 UssuHer Ann. vi. (1688)
95 Continual dueil, and mourning for him.
+b. Clothes, habit, weeds of dole; mourning gar-
ments, =sense 5. Ods.
¢ 1340 Cursor M. 10419 (Laud) Clothis of dele [v.7. deol]
she did on thore. 1 Wycuir 2 Sam. xiv. 2 Be thou
clothid with clooth of duyl [v.77 deol, doel, deel, deyl].
1577 Fenton Gold. Epist. (1582) 5 To weare attire of duule.
+3. Physical pain or suffering. Obs. rare.
nde) Sir Beues 602 Pis is pe ferste dai of 30ul, Pe god
was boren wib outen doul. ¢1350 Will, Palerne 2757 He
for dul of be dent diued to pe ground. i 3
4. That which excites sorrow, grief, or pity; a
grievous or piteous thing; a grief, sorrow.
cxzgo S. Eng. Leg. 1. 43/303 Pat deol it was to seo. 1433
Pilgr, Sowle (Caxton 1483) 1v. xxxviii. 63 Grete doel an
pyte was hit to byholde. ¢ 1430 Chev. Assigne 359 Hit was
doole for to see y® sorowe ythe made. ¢'1450 Erle Tolous 801
Grete dele hyt was to see. cxqgo Cov. Myst. (1841) 47
DOLE,
Gret doyl it is to se this watyr so wyde! 1789 Burns To
Yoothache iv, O' a’ the numerous human dools .. Thou
bear’st the gree. P
+5. transf. Clothing or trappings worn as a sign
of mourning; ‘mourning’. Ods.
c1500 Melusine xxxiv. 239 The kynge .. fette the pucclle,
and despoylled her of her dueyl & black clothing. 1599
Sickness & Death Philip I, in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) IL. 286
My body shall be borne by eight of my chiefest servants ..
allin dewle. 1636 in AJacwz. Mag. XLVI. 80 A horsse in
doole. 16.. in Q. Eliz. Acad. (1869) 32 Sertayne gentle-
men in Dowle. 1734 R. Keitn Hist. Ch. §& St. Scot. 207
(Jam.) To wear the deule for that day.
6. A funeral. Obs. exc. dial.
1548 Haiti Chrox., Hen. V. 50 The conduyt & ordre of
thys dolorous dole was commaunded to sir William Philip
treasorer of the kinges houshold. a 1828 Bewick Ufgetting
(1850) 13 ‘The spak o’ the great Swire’s deeth..and the
number oh fwoak that went to his dhael.’
+7. A fanciful term for a company of doves.
[From their mournful cooing.] Ods.
1486 Bk. St. Albans F vj b, A Duell of ‘Turtillis.
8. attrib., as dole colour; Aole-cloth, -pall, a
funeral pall; dole (du/e) habit, weeds, mourning
clothes; dule tree, ? a hanging-tree, a gibbet.
1508 Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen 420, I drup..with a ded
luke, in my dule habit. 1535 Stewart Croxz. Scot. III. 73
3oung Alexander was crownit King efter King Williame
his Fader deceissit, and tuke on him the Dule Weid, and
for his Saik delt Almous Deid. 1536 BeLtenpen Cron.
Scot. (1821) I. 241 Arrayit in thair dule habit, for doloure of
thair husbandis. 1542 in 'T. Thomson Codlect. Inventories 103
(Jam.) Item, foure doule palis of blak clayth. 1710 J. WiL-
SON in Codlect, Dying Test. (1806) 154 ‘Then Zion got on
her dool weed. 1870 Encar Runnymede 178 The dule tree
is your sure doom. 1876 Whitby Gloss., Dooalweeds,
mourning attire. 1881 STEVENSON Vive. Puerisgue 165 The
gibbets and dule trees of mediaval Europe.
Dole, s2.8 [ad. L. do/-us deceit, cunning, trickery,
a, Gr. 5dAos: cf. F. dol (16th c.), It., Sp. dolo.]
+1. Guile, deceit, fraud. Ods.
1563-87 Foxe A. § JZ. (1684) II. 330 No dole, no fraud,
no guile was ever found in his mouth. 1612 AinswortH
Annot. Ps. v.7 Deceit, dole or guile. 1839 J. P. Kexnepy
Rob of Bowl xii. (1860) 127 What dole hath he done?
2. Sc. Law. ‘The corrupt, malicious, or evil in-
tention essential to the guilt of a crime’ (Bell).
1753 Cuampers Cycl. Supp. s.v., Under Dole are com-
prehended the vices and errors of the will, which are
immediately productive of the criminal act, though not
premeditated, but the effect of sudden passion. In this
respect Dole differs from what the English law calls malice.
1754 Erskine Princ. Sc. Law (1809) 526 Capable of dole.
1795 Scotr in Lockhart Lz/e July, To preclude all pre-
sumption of dole. [1880 Muirnreap Gazus ut. § 211 He
is held to have killed wrongfully to whose dole or fault
death is attributable [cas dolo aut culpa id acciderit).|
Dole, s/.4, variant of Doon, boundary mark, ete.
Dole, v.! Also 6 Sc. dale. [f. Dor sd.!]
1. trans. To give as a dole ; to distribute by way
of alms, or in charity.
1465 Mann. & Househ. Exp. 317 The same day my mastyr
toke to mastyr Perse Baxter, to dole for my lady in almesse,
x. Ss. 1599 Marston Sco. Vrllanie 1. iv. 188 If to the Parish
pouerty, At his wisht death, be dol’d a half-penny. c¢ 1640
J. Smytu Lives Berkeleys (1883) 1. 40 That daye shall bee
doled to fifty poore men fifty loafes. 1762 Gotpsm, Cit. W.
exii, The officers appointed to dole out public charity. 1868
Stancey Westu. Abd. iii. 170 The bread and meat doled
out to the poor of Westminster. ms -
2. To give owt in small quantities; to portion or
parcel ové in a sparing or niggardly manner.
1749 Fietpinc Tom Fones xv. vi, This comfort. .she doled
out to him in daily portions. 1849 Macautay //7st. Eng.
I. 84 They accordingly doled out supplies to him very
sparingly. 1886 J. R. Rees Pleas. Bk.- Worm v. 169 The
critic. .doles out a limited number of praises.
+3. To deal about, around, to distribute. Obs.
1701 Rowe Amb. Step-Moth. v. ii. 2799 Thy Arts That
Dold about Destruction to our Enemies. a@1718 — Whs.
(1747) II. 293 (Jod.) And Plenty doles her various bounties
round. 1766 Lp. Mansrietp Sf. agst. Prerogative (Jod.),
Compensations most liberally doled about to one another.
Hence Do'ling wé/. sd.
1s.. Aberdeen Burgh Rec. 1. 210 age Supp.) And viijs.
and the daling of thair aill for the secund fault. 1876
Ruskin Fors Clav. VI. Ixi. 2 All this temporary doling and
coaling is worse than useless. :
Dole, v.2 ? Obs. Also 4 deol(e, 5-6 dool(e, Sc.
dule, 7 duill. [a. OF. doleir, doloir, mod.F, dou-
loir:—L. dolére to grieve. In the stem-accented
forms the OF. verb had the same variety as
Doe sé.2 (ind. pres. duezl, duels (deus), duelt
(deut), dolons, doles, duelent), whence the ME.
variant forms.] ‘
+1. zztr. To sorrow, grieve, mourn, lament. Ods.
13.. K. Adis. 2734 Alisaundres folk deoleth, y-wis, For the
knyght that is y-slawe. 1481 Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 68,
I wente dolynge on the heeth, and wist not what to doo for
sorowe. 1508 Dunsar ua Mariit Wemen 450 We wemen
..We dule for na euill deid, sa it be derne haldin. 1570
Levins Mani~. 161/11 To Doole, sorow, dolere. @ 1668
Davenant Play-House to be Let 1. Dram. Wks. 1873 IV. 27
Dismiss your doling, and let in your poet. 5 -
b. Used of the mournful cooing of doves.
1848 W. E. Aytoun in Blackw. Mag. LXIV. 110 The
throstle’s song was silenced, And the doling of the dove.
1852 Blackw. Mag. LXXI1. 218 From the dark woods..
you hear the doling of the cushats. —
+2. trans. To mourn, bewail. Ods. ;
nt dab pra Poems (Chalmers) 11. 617/r He full shrilly
shright and doolde his wofull chaunce, vie
(4-2
DOLE.
+3. To grieve. Ods.
@ 1637 B. Jonson Sad Sheph. u. iii, It duills mee that I am
thy mother!
Hence Do'ling vd/. sh.
@ 1668 [see 1]. 1815 L. Hunt Feast Poets 19 There has
been such a doling and sameness. 1848-52 [see x b]. i
Dole, 2.8 Glove-manuf. [a. F. dole-r to chip,
ange etc. (12th c.), spec. to pare and thin skins
or gloves:—L. dolére to hew, plane.] ¢rans.
To pare and thin (leather or skins).
1884 Pall Mall G. 16 May 4/1 The kid skin .. after it has
been unhaired, dressed, nourished, staked, soaked in egg
yolk .. dried, stained, stretched, ‘doled’, or p , and cut
into shape... is then punched. 1884 Health E-xhib. Catal.
38 The doling or reducing the skin to an even substance.
le: see DooL, DowEL, DULL.
+ Do'leance. Ols. Also 5 doleaunce, 6 dol-
liance, doliaunce. [a. F. doléance, earlier doli-
ance, douliance (13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.) f. doleant,
-tant, ancient pr. pple. of doloir, douloir to grieve.]
1, Sorrowing, grieving ; sorrow, grief.
c 1489 Caxton Blanchardyn vi. 26 Herynge the cryes, &
seeynge be wepynges, the grete sorowe & doleaunce of the
vertuose and noble mayden. 1§23 in Burnet Hist. Ref 11.
103 By way of doleance and sorrow. a 1639 SpotTiswoov
Hist. Ch. Scot. vu. (1677) 519 Esteeming it their duty to
express their doleance for that accident. ;
2: Plaintive utterance ; complaining, complaint.
1524 St. Papers Hen. VIII, IV. 104 Albeit ye make some
doleance in your letters. 1524 in Strype Eccl. Mem. 1.
App. xii. 30 Any motion, by way of complainte or doliaunce.
1591 Horsey 7vav.(Hakl. Soc.) 198 All their dolliances
herd and remedied. 1656 Finett For. Ambass.97 Vhe sub-
stance of these doleances, I..imparted to the. - Ambassador.
Do-leant, p//. a. rare. [f. DOLEANCE; it coin-
cides with OF. doliant, doleant, pr. pple. of doloir
to grieve.) = DoLenr.
1861 Sata Dutch Pict. vii. 95 She is..a lachrymose, |
grumbling, doleant, miserable waiting woman.
Doleful (dé«lfiil), 21 Also deol-, del(e)-,
dul(e)-, dil-, doil-, etc. [f. Dot 56.2+-ruL. In
ME. found with the variant forms of Do.E 56.2; but
doleful has been the standard form since 16th c.]
Full of or attended with dole or grief ; sorrowful.
1. Fraught with, accompanied by, or causing grief,
sorrow, etc.; distressful, gloomy, dreary, dismal.
3 1275 Lay. 6902 Ac hit was a deolful ping : pat he ne moste
Jeng beo king. 1297 R. Giouc. (1724) 237 Pat was a deluol
cas. a 1300 Cursor M. 7182 (Gott.) To doleful (v.77. deleful,
deolful] a pai suld him bring. c1420 Anturs of Arth.
xiii, Lo! hou dilful dethe hase thi Dame dy3te! 11435
Torr. Portugal 521 Torrent toke a dulful wey, Downe in a
depe valey. c1440 York Myst. xxvi. 99 Lord, who schall
do pat doulfull dede? x 20 Dunbar Poems \xxxi. 23
Scho playit sangis duilfull to heir. T. Ranpocreu in
Ellis Orig. Lett, Ser. 1. Il. 202 The deulfull daye of the
buriall of her howsbande. 1568 Titney Disc. Mariage
D vj, The doolefull place, where he lay. 1624 Carr. Smitu
Virginia 1. ii. 49 The most dolefullest noyse he ever
heard. 1667 Mitton P. L.1. 65 Regions of sorrow, doleful
shades. 1725 Pore Odyss, xxi. 349 In the doleful man-
sions he survey’d His royal mother. 1847 Emerson Refr.
Men, Shaks. Wks. (Bohn) I, 354 Here is..a string of
doleful tragedies, merry Italian tales, and Spanish voyages.
2. Of persons, their state, etc.: Full of pain,
grief, or suffering; sorrowful, sad.
c1430 Lypa. 7'hedes 111. (R.) Amphiorax they carry Set in
his chaire with a doleful hert. ax Braprorp in Cover-
dale Lett. Mart. (1564) 307 For the doulefull bodies of Gods
people to reste in. 1§90 Spenser F. Q. 1. vi. 9 There find
the virgin, doolfull, desolate. 1647 Cow.ey \/istress, Heart
Sted again iii, The doleful Ariadne so, On the wide shore for-
saken stood. 1829 Lytton Devereux u. ii, Never presume
to look doleful again.
3. Expressing grief, mourning, or suffering.
¢127§ Lay. 11997 His heorte ne mihte beo sori for pane
deolfulle cri. 1340 Hamroe Pr. Consc. 6877 Pai sal duleful
crying and sorow here. 39. Gower Conf. III, 291 In
dolfull clothes they hem clothe. 1660 F. Brooke tr. Le
Blanc's Trav. 104 In signe of mourning: Women .. are
cloathed in white, the doleful colour there. 1797 Mrs.
Rancurre /tadian iii. (1824) 550 She would. .look up..with
such a doleful expression. 1 Kinocstey Herew. xiii,
He went to his business with a doleful face.
B. sb. (p/.) A doleful state. collog. (Cf. dismals.)
r8az Mrs. E. Naruan Langreath Il. You have
enough of the dolefuls at Langreath. 1882 Miss Brappon
Mt. Royal LU, viii. 149 We shall be in the dolefals all the
year.
Do'leful, a.” rare. [f. Doue sb.3+-run.] Full
of ‘dole’, crafty, malicious.
588
Do'lefully, adv.2 rare. [f. Doteruna.2 +-1y2.]
With dole, fraud, or malice.
1880 Muirneap Gaius iv, § 47 note, Was the thing de-
posited, and has the depositary dolefully failed to restore
it?
Do'lefulness. [f. Dotervt a.1+-ness.] The
quality or state of being doleful; grief, sadness,
sorrowfulness ; dreariness, melancholy.
cx Cov, Myst. (1841) 227 Ther had nevyr woman more
doolfulness. ‘ALSGR. 214/2 Dolefulnesse, fristesse.
1586 W. Wesse Eng. Poetrie(Arb.) 65 Wordes. .expressing
wonderfully the dolefulnesse of the song. 1887 Miss
Baappon Like § Unilike i, Sir Adrian offered no reason for
dolefulness.
Dolence. ‘are. [f. Dovenr: see -ENCE.]
Mourning, expression of grief.
1861 Zemple Bar Mag. 1. 301 The song.. rises first to
plaintive dolence, then to a passionate wail.
Dolent (déulént), a. (sb.) arch. Also 5 do-
lant(e, dolaunt. [a. F. do/ent grieving, sad,
suffering (11th c.), ad. L. dolént-em, pr. pple. of
dolére to grieve; also (in Caxton) a. OF. do/ant,
pr. pple. of doloir, douloir to grieve.]
1. Sorrowing, grieving; sorrowful, sad.
61450 Loneticn Grail xxvi. 64 A sorweful womman, and
ful dolente. ¢1489 Caxton Blanchardyn vi. 25 The
damoysell dolaunt. ¢ 153° Lo. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt.
(1814) 169 All the other knyghtes were ryghte dolent for his
sake. 1634 Forp P. Warbeck 1. iv, The king is angry..
And the passionate duke Effeminately dolent. 1868 Loxc-
FELLOw tr. Dante's Inferno 11. 1 Through me the way is to
the city dolent ! Through me the way is to eternal dole.
2. Expressing or indicating grief or sorrow;
mournful, doleful.
1490 Caxton Eneydos xviii. 68 Dolaunte lamentacyons
rewthe$ and complayntes. 1552 Lynpesay Monarche 5150
With dolent Lamentatioun. 1882 ///ustr. Lond. News 25
Mar. 278 Why these dolent reflections ? -
+3. Attended with or causing sorrow or grief;
grievous, distressing. Ods.
1489 Caxton Faytes of A. mt. vii. 181 The dolent and
sorowfull deth comyng oftymes sodaynly. 1572 Satir.
’oems Reform. xxx. 7 Him..Quhome dolent deith hes
laitly done deuoir. z
+ B. as sb. A sorrowful or suffering person. rare.
1530 Calisto & M.in Hazl. Dodsley 1.82 Is this the dolent
for whom thou makist petition?
Hence Do‘lently adv.
1548 Hart Chron., Hen. VIII (1809) 782, I thynke never
Prince tooke it more sorrowfully nor more dolently.
Doler (déla1). rare. In 6 dolar. [f. DoLe
v.1+-ER1.] One who doles ; a dispenser.
1593 (. Exiz. tr. Boethius u. metr. ii. 10 The liberal dolar
of golds plenty.
Dolerin(e (dglérin). A/in. [a. F. dolérine,
f. Gr. BoAepés deceptive + -INE.] (Sée quots.)
1863-72 Warts Dict. Chem. 11, Dolerin, a gneissoid rock
in the Kips, consisting of talc and fels, 1878 LawrENcE
tr. Cotta's Rocks Class. 244 Dolerine is the name given by
Jurine to a tale-schist with essential ingredients of felspar
and chlorite.
Dolerite (dglérait). Ain. [a. F. dolérite
(Haiiy), f. Gr. 50Aepés deceptive + -ITE: so called
from the difficulty of discriminating its constituents.]
A mineral allied to basalt, containing feldspar (la-
bradorite) and augite.
1838 Lye. Elem, Geol. (1865) 594 The variety of basalt
called dolerite. 1849 Murcnison Séluria xii. 294 Cut
through by dykes and masses of dolerite. Rutiey Study
Rocks xiii. 253 The basalts vary considerably in structure :
the coarsely crystalline varieties, and those in which the
different mineral constituents are sufficiently well developed
to be distinguished by the naked eye, are termed dolerites.
attrib. » L, Outrnant Gilead iii, 82 A small building
of dolerite stone. . bearing the marks of extreme antiquity.
Hence Doleri‘tic a., of the nature of dolerite.
9 Rpg rg Siluria xii. 293 Basalt and doleritic tra|
868 Dana Ain. 343 Dolerytic and basaltic lavas. .
Dol ite (dplérpfanoit). AZin. [f. Gr.
doAepds deceptive + pay-, stem of paivey to appear
+-IrE, Named by Scacchi, 1873,dolerafano.) A
form of — of copper of volcanic formation,
found on Mount Vesuvius,
1 Dana Min. App. 11. 17.
Dohosouns (dd isiim), 2. Now rare.
5b.2 + -8oME,] = Dorerut a.l
1533 Bettenpen Livy u. (1822) 155 All thingis apperit
richt dou! 1567 Satir. Poems Reform. it. 173 Hir
duil deith be wars than Jesabell. 1586 W. Wesve
[f. Dot
Be a ——— “eV ——s a < "' . —
UIRHEAD Gaius m1. +. being liable only
in so far as he himecif hae deos Something doleful [si guid
ipse dolo malo fecerit),
Dolefully (daulfiili), adv.1 Forms: see the adj.
[f Dotervn al + -Ly*.) In a doleful manner;
sorrowfully, arrerigtar' sadly; drearily, dismally.
ex12ag0 Beket 1481 in S. Eng. Leg. 1. 149 Heo weopen and
criden deolfulliche, Lane. P. Pz. C. rv. 419 Pat agag
-.and al hus lyge pu kn, o!
here eldren. cx Tomechy Myst, (Surtees) 222 Behold
if ever ye saw y.. thus dulf
Eng. Poetrie (Arb, In beechen groues, and dolesome
shondewy — Ze s. Becamer Zara (1719) 17 The
most of the dolesom Night. 1725 Pore Odyss. x1. 191
The dolesome realms of darkness and of death. a 1849
i; C. Mancan Poems (1859) 135 Soon will the death-bell’s
nelling A dolesome tale be telling.
Hence Do‘lesomely adv. ; Do‘lesomeness.
.159t Horsty raz, (Hakl. Soc.) 208, z great .. bells ..
DOLIUM.
dowie. 1860 Bartiett Dict. Amer., Doless, inefficient.
‘He's a doless sort of fellow.’ 1881 B. Taytor Ballads,
Old Pennsylv. Farmer vi, But they're a doless set.
, early var. of DoLour.
Dolf, earlier form of Sc. Dowr a.
Dolf, -en, obs. pa. t. and pple. of DELvz.
Dolfin, -yn, obs. forms of DoLPxin.
(dg-liko,séfee'lik), a. Ethnol.
Also dolikho-kephalic.
+ KE
head.] Long-headed: applied to skulls of which
the breadth is less than four-fifths (or, accord-
ing to Broca, three-fourths) of the length; also
(less commonly) to tribes of men having such
skulls: opposed to BRACHYCEPHALIC,
1849-s Topp Cyc. Anat. IV. 1325/2 The first of these
skulls would certainly be placed..in the ‘doli “a
division of Professor Retzius. 1861 Hutme tr. ins
Tandon 1. v. 32 The features are ee, Pag oe]
dolikhokephalic. 1866 Huxiey Preh. Rem. Caithn. 84
Skulls .. with the cephalic index less than o8 are Dolicho-
cephalic. Lussock Preh. Times v. 142 If we class
those skulls in which the relation of the breadth to the
length is less tha long heads, or Doli ic,
pre ie which Vb aon a to onde! aeedhon Mende
1879 tr. De Quatrefages’ Hum. Species 164 Tribes which
were tall and dolichocephalic,
So Dolichoce'phali si, #/. [mod.Latin], men
with dolichocephalic skulls. Dolichoce-phalism,
the condition or quality of being dolichocephalic.
Dolichoce‘phalous a.= DOLICHOCEPHALIC. Do-
lichoce‘phaly = dolichocephalism.
1851 D. Witson Preh. Ann. (1863) 1. ix. 281 [He] classes
the Celts among dolichocephali. 71864 Reader 17 Dec.771/1
Skull .. highly dolichocephalous and we aneinhe Baca —
Tuurnam Brit, & Gaul. Skulis in Anthropol. Soc. Lond.
477 (L.) If dolichocephalism and brachycephalism have ever,
as characters, a race-value, they have it in this instance. 1866
Houxcey Preh. Rem. Caithn. 112 Brachycephaly diminishing
and dolichocephaly increasing with the latitude. 1872
Darwin Desc. Man 1, iv. 148 Welcker finds that short
men incline more to brachyce; y, and tall men to
dolichocephaly. 1880 Nature XXI. 224 Dolichocephalism
and prognathism..prevail, 1881 /éid. XXIII. 221 The
Australians .. are usually represented as black, straight-
haired, dolichocephalous.
Doli erous (dplikg'séras), a. rare. [f.
Gr. 5oArxés long + «épas horn. Cf. F. dolichocere.]
Having long ‘ horns’ or antennz ; of or belonging
to the Dolichocera a sub-tribe of Auscides in La-
treille’s classification. Syd. Soc. Lex. (1883).
Dolichoderous (dglikgdéras), a. rare. Also
-di'rous. [f. Gr. do0dArxddep-os long-necked, f.
5orixés long + dep, Saph neck. Cf. F. dolicho-
get Oe peeg Syd. Soc, Lex. (1883).
Dolichopodous (dglikp:pddas), a. rare. [f.
Gr. d0Arxé08- long-footed, f. doAcxés long + mous,
mo0d- foot. Cf. F. dolichopode.] Having long feet.
1883 in Syd. Soc. Lex.
| Dolichos (dg'likgs). Bot. [mod.L., a. Gr. 30-
Auxés long: named in reference to the length of the
pods, 1. .¥. ry” A genus of leguminous
plants allied to the Haricot, widely distributed
through Asia, Africa, and aie : a
. SS a i , yt
1753 Cuampers Cyed. by 0d olichos, in Botany, the
name of a genus of plants papil kind. x:
Romans Hist. Florida 130 A species of —
introduced into Georgia trom China. 0 Golden Sou
198 Fences covered with dolichos, ma ia, and hoya.
Do (dplikaetis).” Zool, [£'Gr. Bodsxée
long + o¥s, dr- ear.] A genus of long-eared South
Amen Dares Idle Days Patagonia iii. 38 Deer,
1893 W. H. Hupson lays Pa » A
peccary, dolichotis or jan hare,
| Dolichurus (dplikitie-rds). Gr. and L. Pros,
[mod.L., ad. Gr, 50Aixoupos long-tailed; also in
prosodic sense.] A lic hexameter with a
redundant syllable in the last foot. Hence Doli-
churic a., as a dolichuric hexameter.
Dolie, obs. form of Doxy, a.
Doliman : see Dotman.
Doling, v7. sb.: see Dotx v.1, 2, 3,
Dolioloid (ddwlidloid), a. rave’ [f L. datiol-
um, dim. of dolium cask + -oID.] (See quot.)
1883 Syd. Soc. Lex., Dolioloid. .resem| a cask.
Delite (idloit), Paleond, [ad. mod.L. Délites
(Kriiger 1823), £ Dolium: see below and -1TE.]
A soon shell - the genus fe Dee j
Do--little, sd. a. [f. Dov.+Li1TLe.] a.
sb, One who does little; a lazy person. b. adj.
Doleg Sines lazy.
5 . B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. \. 1
a fat and fertile soile, are commonly do-litt
a@1654 Br. Ricnarpson Old Test. (v
talkers are do-littles. 4 NNeTT tr. Eras,
Men borne in
and cowards.
1 (T.) Great
ringinge all together .. and verie ye. 1 Br.
Hatt Medit. % Vows, Death (R.) The dol of
the grave. ‘olk Lore 119 The dole-
J. E. Vaux Ch.
someness of this portion of my book.
Doless (di‘lés), a. Sc. and U.S. [f. Dov. +
-LESS; app. sometimes confused with Dow .xss.]
Inactive, inefficient, without energy; good for
airing, useless,
Ba Picken Poems 148 (Jam.) Hard is the fate o' ony
d tyke, That's forc’d to marry ane he disna like.
Gaur &. Githaise I. 135 (Jam.) Sae casten down, doless,
on Folly 4x What ‘Woman would content with such
1834 Fons.anque 7 Administ.
(1837) III. 10x The. .do-little policy which he regrets.
| Dolium (dow'lidm). [Lat.; =a cask, jar.]
1. Rom. rai A cE apr ag or vessel,
more or less spherical, for hoe wine, oil, or dry
rr roy etc. ‘ i in Baws 3 =e a = :
z iger in Househ. 1 ‘or everey
of the Kisheular Uf the usu: Odilum cf wen, S00
DOLK.
Porta's Nat. Magick w. xxiii. 152 For every Dolium, powder
one ounce of Allome.
2. Zool. A genus of gastropod molluscs, having
a ventricose shell; also called 2.
1752 Sin J. Hitt Hist. Anim. 149 (Jod.) From the
resemblance of the body of this shell to a vessel for the
containing fluids, the genus has been naméd dolium. 1854
Woopwarp Mollusca (1856) 115 Dolium, Lam. The tun.
1878 Beit Gegendaur’s Comp, Anat, 361.
Dolk (dglk). Ods. exc. dial, [In form app. the
same as DALK, Dokg, as in sense 3 ; but sense 1
has suggested identity with OE. do/h, dolg wound,
scar, gash, a Common Teut. word = OF ris. dolch,
OHG. ¢o/g wound ; this, however, does not account
for the final & sound.]
+1. A wound, ascar. Ods.
a1a25 Ancr. R. 2 Pe on..maked hire efne & smede,
widute knotte & dolke of woh. c12zg0 Gen. §& Ex. 3027
Dole, sor, and blein on erue and man.
2. A dint;=DaB sé. 1 b.
1861 Wynter Soc. Bees, Aristocr. Rooks 383 Put an end
to by a dolk in the poll from a [crow’s] beak close by.
3. =Doke, Dark.
@ 1825 in Forsy Voc. E. Anglia. 1893 Zincke Wherstead
251 Dolk [is used in East Anglia] for a depression, generally
in the ground.
Doll (del) 5.1 [se shortened pet-form of Dorothy,
Dor- being modified to Dol-: cf. Hal, Sall, Mall,
Moll, Poll= Harry, Sarah, Mary.]
1. A pet form of the name Dorothy.
given generically to a female pet, a mistress.
the smallest or pet pig in a litter (dia/.).
1560 Nice Wanton in Hazl. Dodsley 11. 169 But ich tell
your minion doll, by Gogs body. 1578 Coorer Thesaurus,
O Capitulum lepidissimum, o pleasaunt companion: O
little pretie doll polle. @xs92 Greene Yas. /V, 1. i, In
loving of my Doll [Dorothea], Thou bind’st her father’s
heart, 1597 SHaks. 2 Hen. /V, 1, i. 176 Will you have Doll
Teare-sheet meet you? /éid. 11. iv. 23 Enter Hostesse, and
Dol. 1619 FretcHer MZ. Thomas iv. vi, Com Doll, Doll,
— me. 1883 Hampsh. Gloss., Doll, the smallest pig in a
iter.
2. An image of a human being (commonly of
a child or lady) used as a plaything ; a girl’s toy-
baby. (Cf. Sc. Doroty, a doll, a puppet. (Jam.)]
1700 B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Doll. .also a Child’s Baby.
7 Garrick Miss in her Teens 1. i, I'll carry you and
your doll too, 1764 O’Hara Midas 1. v, An infant’s dol.
1833 Hr. Martineau Loom § Luggert. i, As large as my
doll’s saucers. 1860 Adi Vear Round No. 52. 35 A laborious
class Who earn painful bread by fashioning dolls’ eyes.
3. transf. A pretty, but unintelligent or empty
person, esp. when dressed up ; a pretty, but silly or
frivolous woman. A do/l’s face, one conventionally
pretty, but without life or expression.
1841-4 Emerson Zss., Selfreliance Wks. (Bohn) I. 32
A sturdy lad..is worth a hundred of these city dolls. 1860
All Year Round No. 47. 497 No worker cares to espouse
a doll who costs such a deal of money to dress. 1894 Barinc-
Goutp Queen Love III. 145 You care for herself—for her
doll’s face and wig of yellow hair?
4. +a. A hairdresser’s block. Ods. b. =DoLiy
sb1 4a. ¢@. A pair of steps, with wheels, and
a stage at the top, used on coal-wharves. d. Dodl’s
head (in a rifle), a top-extension fitting into a mor-
tice in the top of the standing-breech.
a1joo B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Doll, a wooden Block to
make up Commodes upon. 1841 P. Parley’s Ann. 11. 178
As I understand you get your living by washing, I send
you a doll now .. namely, a washing doll. 188r GREENER
Gun 216 Our new treble-bolt prevents this by keeping the
doll’s head firmly down in the slot in standing-breech.
5. Comb., as doll-face, -kind, -maker, -pig, (see 1),
etc. ; doll-like, -stzed adjs.; + Doll-common (the
Cheater’s punk in Ben Jonson’s Alchemist) a
common woman, a prostitute.
1610 B, Jonson Aéch. 1. i, Thou shalt sit in triumph, Afid
not be styled Dol Common, but Dol Proper, Dol Singular.
1684 Otway Atheist v. (1735) 93 What, be a Doll-common,
and follow the camp. 1823-5 Vonsanach Encycl. Antig.s.v.
Doll (L.), In the middle ages the doll-maker was called
coroplastes, and the dolls clothed like infants. 1828 Miss
Mirrorpv Village Ser. ut, Introd. (1863) 461 The delicate
doll-like baby..is her own. 1843 P. Parley’s Ann. IV. 269
The poor woman .. wept as if she had lost her youngest
child instead of the doll pig, which is the name usually
ven to the pet of the farrow. 1884 Tennyson Becket 1v.
ul, A doll-face blanch’d and bloodless. 2
Hence Do‘llatry, monce-wd. [after zdolatry],
worship of dolls, Do*lldom, the world of dolls.
Do'llhood, the state or condition of a doll, or of
being like a doll. Doclship, the personality of a
doll or doll-like woman.
1856 Chamb. F¥rni. V1. 26x To convince good Protestant
mammas that ‘dollatry’ was not the result or the origin of
Mariolatry. 1860 Ad? Year Round No. 52. 35 Those limp
enormities of dolldom with their pink wooden legs. 1893
Graphic une 627/3 How a lady moving in the best
circles of dolldom ought to be dressed. 18.. CarLyLE Let.,
There is much for her to do. .her whole sex to deliver from
the bondage of frivolity, dollhood, and imbecility. 1876
W. Bayiiss Witness of Art 19 Radiant with all that real
hair, and wax and rolling eyes can impart to dollhood.
1754 Ricuarpson Grandison (1811) VI. 104 The man who
should dare to say half I have written of our dollships ought
not to go away with his life. .
+ Doll, si.2. Ods. [Thesameas Date] The
palm of the hand.
¢1460 (See Datte]. 1570 Levins Mani. 160/10 Y° Doll
Hence
Also,
589
of the hand, vo/a. 1865 Gotpinc Ovid's Met. vi. (1593) 138
Her babes their prettie dolles did retch.
+ Doll, v. Ods. Also 6-9 dowl. [Deriv. un-
known: it has been conjectured to be the same
word as dull (of which do// occurs as a ME, form) :
but the Promptorium separates them.]
1. trans. To warm moderately; to make tepid ;
to mull. Hence Do‘lling vé/. sd.
¢ 1440 Pronp. Parv. 126/1 Dollyd, sum what hotte, /efe-
Jactus. Dollyn’ ale, or oper drynke, tefefacio. ¢ 1490 [bid.,
Dollynge (MS. K), Doolynge (MS. H), tefefactio. 1658
Puuirs, Dolling, warming. [So in Cotes, Kersey, BatLey.]
2. To render stale or vapid, to deaden (drink).
1483 Cath. Angl. 103/2 Dollyd as wyne or ale, defunctus,
vapidus. 1513 Bk. Keruynge in Babees Bk. (1868) 268 Loke
ye gyue no persone noo dowled drynke. 1855 Roginson
Whitby Gloss., Dowld or Duill'd, deadened as stale liquor.
+ Doll, var. of Da (Anglo-Jnd.), akind of pulse ;
obs. f. DoLE 56.2, Dui.
Dollar (dglex). Forms: 6 daleir, -er, dal(1)or,
dalder, doler, dolor, 6-7 daller, 7-8 doller, -or,
7-dollar. [In 16th c. daler, daller,a, LG. and
early mod.Du. daler (mod.Du. daalder), = HG.
taler, thaler, recorded by Alberus 1540, along with
the full term Joachimstaler, lit. ‘(gulden) of
Joachimsthal’ (in Bohemia), where they were coined
in 1519, from a silver mine opened there in 1516
(Kluge). From LG. or HG. taken into other
langs. In England before 1600 modified to do//ar.]
1, The English name for the German ¢haler, a
large silver coin, of varying value, current in the
German states from the sixteenth century ; esp. the
unit of the German monetary union (1857-73)
equal to 3 marks (about 2s. 11¢.). AYso of coins
of northern countries, bearing equivalent names, as
the vigsdaler of Denmark, rzksdaler of Sweden.
Pie i R. Morysin &-Str T, CHAMBERLAYNE Let, 4 Apr. in
odge Lllustr. etc. Edw. WI, xxiii. (1791) 1. 166 The;
Duke of Wirtemberg..shall have for his charges 66000
dalers.
daleiris. 1560 Gresuam in Burgon Life & 7°. (1839) I. 334
To be received of the Countie of Mansfield. . 300,000 dallors ;
which, at five shillings each, is 75,000. 1577 Harrison Enxg-
land 1. xxv. (1877) 1. 364 Of siluer coines..are the dalders,
and such, often times brought ouer. 1588 J. Reap Covm-
pend. Method 68 A plate .. in thickenesse of a Dolor of
siluer. x160r R. Jounson Avugd. & Commo. (1603) 92, 2
dollars of money... every house one dollor. 1606 C7t. &
Times Fas. I (1849) 1. 67 The King of Denmark .. hath
iven in court 30,000 dollars, a 1618 SyLvester Sed/e-Civil-
Var 108 For Dallers, Dolours hoordeth in my Chest. 1706
Puitutrs (ed. Kersey), Dollar, a foreign coin: The Zeoland,
or common Dollar is worth 3 shillings sterling, the specie
Dollar 5s. The Dollar of Riga 4s. 8¢. Of Lunenburg and
Brisgaw 4s. 2¢@. Of Hamburgh 3s. 2¢. 1763 SHENSTONE
Economy 1. 218 With nice precision learn A dollar’s value.
1775 WRaxaLt Zour North. Europe ror, | tender them one of
fifty copper dollars. 1865 CarLyLe /vedk. Gt. VII. xvit.v. 56.
2. The English name for the peso or piece of
eight (i.e. eight reales), formerly current in Spain
and the Spanish American colonies, and largely
used in the British N. American Colonies at the
time of their revolt. -
1s8r Ricu Farewell Milit. Profession (Shaks. Soc.) 217
Their beardes sometymes cutte rounde, like a Philippes
doler. 1634 Sir ‘I’. Hersert 7vav. 41 A Spanish shilling
(which is a fourth part of a Dollar). 1650 Butwer Anthro-
pomet. 108 As great as a silver Caroline Doller. 1767
Frankuin Wks, (1887) 1V. 90 A dollar thereby coming to
be rated at eight shillings in paper money of New York.
1779 R. Kine in Life & Corr. (1894) 1. 30 Could you send
me three or four hundred of those good for nothing paper
dollars? 1813 WELLINGTON 25 Feb. in Gurw. Desf. X. 143
Dollars are issued to the troops at the rate of 4/6 sterling
each, which is the mint price of dollars in England. 1879
H. Purtiirs Notes Coins 12 A silver dollar of Philip II of
Spain bears among his other titles that of King of England.
. The standard unit of the gold and silver coin-
age of the United States of America, containing
100 cents; equal in value to about 4s. 13¢. English.
Also a coin of corresponding value in Canada and
some other British colonies. Sometimes abbre-
viated do/., but more generally represented by the
dollar-mark $ before the number.
The decimal system of coinage and the dollar were
adopted by the Continental Congress on 6 July 1785 (see
quot.), but were not brought into use till 1794, two years
after the law of 2 April 1792 establishing the mint.
[1782 ‘Le Jerrerson Notes on a Money Unit for U.S.
Wks, III. 446 The unit or [Spanish] dollar is a known coin
and the most familiar of all to the mind of the people. -It is
already adopted from south to north] 1785 Resol. Con-
tinent. Congress U.S. 6 July, Resolved, that the money
unit of the United States of America be one dollar. 1796
Amer. State Papers For, Relat. (1832) I. 549 (Stanf. s.v.
Douceur) Sixty thousand dollars were paid. 1821 ‘T. Jerrer-
son Autobiog. Writ. 1892 1. 74, I proposed .. to adopt the
Dollar as our Unit ofaccountand payment. 1837 W. Irvine
Wolfert's R. (1855) 25 The almighty dollar, that great object
of universal devotion throughout our land.
4, Also used as a name for various foreign coins
of a value more or less approaching that of the
Spanish or American dollar ; as the feso of Mexico,
and of the republics of Central and South America
(varying from 69-8 to 96-5 U.S. cents), the pzastre
of Arabia, the ye of Japan, etc.
1882 BrrHett Counting-ho. Dict. (1893) 99 s.v. Dodlon,
The Gold Doblon of i weighing 7:626 gi +900
a1s60 Aberdeen Reg. V. 24 (Jam.) Twa siluer JJ
DOLLOP.
fine, value 5 Chilian dollars, or 18s. 8-95¢. bf. 222 s.v.
Patacon, /’atacon. (a.) The unit of value in the Argentine
Republic (La Plata). It bears also the alternative names of
Peso Duro, and Hard Dollar. /did. 226 s.v. Peso, The
excellence of the Mexican peso, or dollar, renders it a
favourite coin with all countries, and has given it much of
the character of an international coin. /éid. 228 s.v.
Piastre, Vhe Piastre or Mocha Dollar is the unit of value
in Arabia, and is worth nearly 3s. 5.
b. slang. A five-shilling piece; a crown.
5. With qualifying words. Azzzard dollar, a
name applied, in derision of the figure of an eagle
on the reverse side, to the United States silver
dollar of 4124 grains, coined in accordance with
the Bland Bill of 1878. Z7oz dollar, a Dutch coin
bearing the figure of a lion; also current in New
York in colonial times. 2//ar dollar, a silver
coin of Spain, bearing a figure of the Pillars of
Hercules, formerly current in the Spanish colonies
in America: cf. sense 2. Zyade dollar, a silver
dollar of 420 grains formerly coined by the United
States mint for purposes of trade with eastern Asia.
Dollar of the fathers, a phrase applied to the silver
dollar, by those who advocated its remonetization,
which was effected in 1878; see quot. 1889.
az7zg Wuitwortu Acc. Russia (1758) 77 Of the same
goodness with Lyon Dollars, viz. twelve ounces fine silver,
and four ounces alloy to the pound. 1768 Gov. Moore 70
Earl of Hillsborough 14 May (Documents relating to
Colon. Hist. of N. Y. VIII. 72), The Lyon Dollars
(a species of money brought here by the first Dutch settlers)
are rarely now seen.
1823 Crass Technol. Dict., s.v. The
ars] are called pillar dollars, because
rse the arms of Spain between two
Tribune 21 July, 6 Some of the absurdi-
pillars, 1877 NV. Y.
ties of the demand for the ‘ Dollar of our Fathers’. 1878
Nation (N. Y.) 10 Jan. 26 Linderman .. was the pro-
jector of the trade-dollar. 1882 Birnety Counting-ho.
Dict. (1893) 301 ‘The coinage of the Silver ‘Trade Dollar
was first authorized by the Act of Feb. reth, 1873. 1889
Farmer Amer., Dollar of the Fathers, a catch cry, turned
by opponents into the ‘dollar of the daddies’, which was
used during the remonetization agitation of 1877.
6. attrib, and Comb. (Dollar-mark: see 3.
1844 Dickens A/art. Chus. xxxiii, A little roll of dollar-
notes fell out upon the ground. 1883 Cextury Alag. XXVI.
596/2 Folding the dollar-bills that she, had brought her.
1894 A/ontreal Star Almanac for 1895. 132 It was found
convenient to continue the old dollar-mark in the South,
and to adopt it in the North. :
Hence Dovllared a., furnished with dollars,
wealthy. Do‘llarless a@., without dollars: cf.
penniless. Dollaro-cracy, o01ce-wd. : see -CRACY.
Dollarship (Aumorously, the personality of a
dollared man.
1844 Dickens Mart. Chusz. xvii. (D.) A dollarless and
unknown man. 1869 H. Dreepes America 151 So long as
their Dollarships’ eyes and noses are not affected by his
[the negro’s] propinquity. 1884 Lougw. Mag. Feb. 386 The
dollaredlady. 1889 Padd MallG. 2 July 2/r The phlegmatic
assurance of dollarocracy.
Do'llar-bird. An Australian bird of the genus
Eurystomus, so called from a large round white
spot on the wing.
1847 Leicunarpt JYrud. v. 156 The dollar-bird passed
with its arrow-like flight.
Do'llar-fish. ;
1. A name given to two kinds of fish, from their
round form and silvery colour (in the case of the
former, of the young.) a. Vomer setipinnis, called
also moonfish. b. Stromateus triacanthus, called
also butter- and harvest-fish.
2. An echinoderm of a discoid shape; a cake-
urchin or sand-dollar.
18.. J, W. Dawson in Borthwick’s Br.-A mer. Rar. (1860)
222 The curious flat cake-like shells of the Echinarachnius
Adlanticus,— the dollar-fish of some parts of the coast.
Dollied, -er, -ness: see after DoLLy a. and v.
Dollin, obs. var. of dolven, pa. pple. of DELVE.
Dollish (dg'lif), a. [f. Dot sd. + -1su.] Some-
what doll-like ; having characteristics of a doll.
1865 E. C. Clayton Cruel Fortune 11. 237 She's rather
dollish, to my taste. 1874 Burnanp My Time xxxii. 320 As
pretty, though dollish, a blonde as you'd wish to see.
Hence Do'llishly adv. ; Do'llishness.
1892 Academy 2 Jan. 9/1 A woman .. less dollishly pretty
rhaps. 1893 Vat. Observer 437/1 Dolls both, and equal
in their dollishness.
Dollop (dg'lep). Also 6-9 dallop. [Origin
obscure: cf. Norweg. dial. do/p lump (Ross).]
+1. Farming. A patch, tuft, or clump of grass,
weeds, etc. ina field. Ods.
1573 Tusser //usé. liv. (1878) 121 Let dallops about be
mowne and had out. /67d. vii. 131 Of barlie the longest
and greenest ye find, Leave standing by dallops. 1669
Woruiwce Syst. Agric. (1681) 316 Dadlops, a term used in
some places for Patches or Chena of Grass or Weeds
among Corn, a@x825 Forsy Voc. E. bing abe rank
tufts of growing corn where heaps of manure have lain.
2. collog. or vulgar. (See quots.)
1812 J. H. Vaux Flash Dict., A dollop is a large quantity
of any thing; the whole dollop means the total quantity.
a 1825 Forsy Voc. £. Anglia, che $i a clumsy and
shapeless lump of any thing tumbled about in the hands.
1853 V. § Q. 1st Ser. VIII. 65/2 ‘ What a dollop of fat you
have given me!’ 1880 BLacKMoRE ae Avert XXxvi,
1 sent a great dollop of water into the of the poor
DOLLY.
b. An untidy woman, a slattern, ap dial.
a 1825 in Forsy Voc. £. Anglia. 1877 NW. . Linc. Gloss.
Dolly (deli), sd.1 [f. Dot : see -¥.]
1. A familiar pet-form of the name Dorothy
(=Dott sé,1 1),
1610 B. Jonson Ach, 1. iii, (To Dol Common), So much
the easier to be cozen’d, my Dolly, 1841-4 Emerson Zss.
Spir. Laws Wks, (Bohn) 1. 70 rhe great soul incarnat
in some. . Dolly or Joan.
2. +a. A female pet or favourite. Obs. slang.
b. A drab, slattern, useless woman. dal. or collog.
1648 Herrick Hesper., Lyrick to Mirth (1869) 38 Kisse
our dollies night and day. 1706 E. Warp Hud. Rediv. 11.
v. 13 And so away he led his Dolly. 1828 Craven Dialect,
Dolly, a slattern, 1883 Admondd. i Huddersf. Gloss. 8.V.,
‘He's got a maungy dolly for a wife.’ 1873 Dixon 7zvo
Queens 1. m. vi. 149 Puebla .. took his seat at table with
— dollies and their mates.
A pet name for a child’s doll. (Also treated
as este personal name of a female doll.)
Morison Poems 82 (Jam.) Like a dally drawn on
Or china ware. 1865 E. C. Clayton Cruel Fortune 1.
143 A ragshop, with its black dolly dangling over the door.
1884 Health Exhtb. Catal. 137/2 Dolly as a baby, asa girl,
as a young lady, as a lady. ;
4. Applied to various contrivances fancied to
resemble a doll in some way.
a. dial, A wooden appliance with two artns, and legs or
feet, used to stir and twirl clothes in the wash-tub, called a
dolly- tub; also called dolly-legs or -stick, peggy, maiden,
The name is sometimes less correctly given to the tub, and
extended to mechanical contrivances fulfilling the same pur-
pose ; also to an apparatus for agitating and washing ore in
a vessel ; and to a beetle for linen, beating hemp, etc.
1792 Ww. Roserts Looker-on No. 41 The Dumb Dolly, or
a machine for washing, is recommended. 1828 Craven
Dialect, Dolly..a washing tub. 1840 SpuRDENS Suppl. to
Forby, ’ Dolly, a beetle used in ‘bunching hemp’, as
a punishment, in bridewell. x Stmmonps Dict. Trade,
Dolly, in mining parlance a perforated board, placed over
a tub containing ore to be washed, and which being worked
by a winch-handle, gives a circular motion to the ore. 1869
R. B. Smytu Goldy. Victoria 609 Dolly, an instrument used
by diggers for dividing and mixing the tough clay or
cement with water in the puddling-tub. 1877 Holderness
Gloss. s.v., Dolly-tub, a barrel-shaped machine for washing
clothes which are stirred about with a pronged-instrument,
called a dolly-stick. 1884 Atheneum 26 Apr. 533/1 One
sort of dolly is a barrel-formed tub, in which a beater
is worked by hand up and down. 1892 Northumbld. Gloss.,
Dolly, a clothes washing stick, made with feet, but other-
wise like a poss-stick. 1894 Super/?. Woman (ed. 4) 1. 159
[The] dolly-tub stood with some of the wet linen hanging
on the side.
b. Pile-driving. A short length of timber or metal set
on the top of a pile to act asa buffer between it and the
ram; also used to lengthen the pile when driven out of the
reach of the ram; a punch,
1838 Simms Public Wks. Gt. Brit. 11. (1846) 22 Cast-iron
dolleys, weighing about 1} cwt., were fitted to the tops of
the main piles to receive the blows. 1868 Minutes Proc.
Inst. Civ. Engin. XXVII. 318 A timber dolly was used
between the pile and the ram,
ce. Austral. Goldfields. A rude appliance somewhat on
the pancipls of a pile-driver, used to crush auriferous quartz.
1 B. Smytu Goldf. Victoria 609 Dolly ..a log of
shod with iron and suspended from a sapling over a
stump, and used in the early days for crushing quartz. 1880
SurHerLanp Tales Gold. 75 For the purpose a testing the
uartz they employed a very primitive apparatus, which
the miners call a dolly.
d. A machine for punching iron; a tool used in forming
the head of a rivet.
1848 /nv. Wallsend Colliery (Northumbld. Gloss.), A
punching gat 16} cwts. 1869 Sir E. J. Reep SAipbuild.
xvii. 340 The holder-up .. after having driven the head
(of the rivet] well up by a few heavy blows, holds upon it
with a large hammer or a tool called a ‘dolly’. 1879
Cassell’s Techn. Educ. 1V. 134/2 A workman . esses
against the head with. .a mass of iron termed a ‘dol y’.
e. A contrivance with a covering of rags, polish, etc.,
be me various trades for polishing.
es Britten Watch & Clockm. 213 Wooden dollies
of pests shape covered with the finest doe skin and
rotated in the lathe are used. 1891 Sheffield Gloss. Suppl.,
Dolly, a wheel covered by rags, and used by cutlers in
polishing their wares.
f. collog.& dial. A binding of rag round a hurt finger, etc.
1888 in Berksh. Gloss.
An : aratus for street eer (See quot. 1873.)
1851-6 avHew Lond. Lab, ot bi ) The proprietors
of Street ‘Gaps, aa swings. he the-dolly, spin-’em round
{etc.].] 1873 Slang Dict., Dolly. .consisting of a round d board
and the figure of an - a or ‘ Dolly’, down which was a
spiral hole. A marble drop) — the Dolly’, would
stop in one of the small holes its (numbered) on the
board, 1891 Daily News 5 Soot. 7/3 The stock-in-trade of
the offenders, chiefly roulette tables and ‘ dollies', being
destroyed by ‘order of the Court.
5. Comb. as dolly-land ; dolly-bar, ‘a block or
bar in the trough of a grindstone which is lowered
into the water to raise the latter against the face of
the stone by displacement’ (Knight Déct. Mech.) ;
dolly-legs: see 4a; dolly-man, one who keeps
a dolly-shop ; (¢.) one who works with a dolly ;
dolly-mop (slang), a drab; dolly-pedal, a tool
used by chainmakers in welding the ends of a link ;
dolly-shop, a marine store, hop where rags,
bottles, etc. are bought, frequently having a black
doll hanging outside as a sign, and often serving as
a low or illegal pawn-shop; dolly-tub: see 4 a.
1869 Lonsdale Gloss., * Dolly-legs, an a with five
run “— for washing. 1851 Mayuew Lond. aie
590
mole iw, ii a gs f drunk and
Sim, iv, His li 's for runk a
running after the* “s U Meosed inaeed
(1895) 58 A dirty, = ie “Tittle ly-
(1861) II, 110
1851 Mayuew Lond. L,
are eae: wn-! hops, and paw!
*Dol 4 system .. The — is derived
sb.1),
c Society 30 Dec. 9/2 Dollydom is a vast study.
“| Dolly, (dg'li), sb.2 Anglo-Indian. [ad. Hindi
dali,
usually on one or more trays; also, the daily
| basket of garden produce laid before the owner by
| the Afali or gardener’ (Yule).
1860 Russet. Diary India 11. xi. 202 In the evening the
Rana’s beg in or offerin
ice’
was broughtin. 1889 MARCHIONESS
Durrerin regal
ife in India ii. (1890) 51 A native
| gentleman sent me what they calla ‘ Dolly ’, which is really
Do
| doll;
a De ful of presents.
(dgli), a. [f. Dott sd.1 + -y.] Likea
ollish, babyish. Hence Do'lliness.
1852 Dickens Bleak Ho. (1853) 276 A dolly sort of beauty
ong 1865 — Mut. Fr. 1. iv, ‘You are a chit and a
ittle idiot..or you wouldn't make such a dolly speech’.
1889 Mrs. ALExanvER Crooked Path |. vi. 193 Her greatest
charm.. wag her dolliness.
Dolly (dp'li), v. déal. and techn.
sb. ad a. ¢rans. To stir or wash (clothes) in a
Zolly: tub (see DoLLy sd.' 4a); to beat (linen).
1847-78 in HaALLiweLt. Lonsdale Gloss., Dolly, to
wash linen, ete. with the dolly-legs.
b. Smelting and Chatn-making: To beat (red-
hot metal) with a hammer, dolly, etc.
1831 J. Hottanp Manuf. Metal 1. 85 These lumps .. are
drawn from the furnace and dolleyed, or beaten into cakes
with hammers. 1886 [see Dotty1xG below].
e. Gold-mining. Yo crush (auriferous quartz)
with a dolly (see DoLLy 5d.! 4 c) ; to obtain (gold)
by this process; also of the quartz: To yield (so
much gold) by this method.
1833 Marryat P.
“A complimentary offering of fruit, flowers, |
vegetables, sweetmeats and the like, presented |
[f Dotty |
| coloured, called dolomite marble;
| ‘Samkat in Phil. Trans. LXXXIX. 309 The kind
1894 Dundee Advertiser 5 July 4 The men are now
‘dollying’ 1000 ounces a day. 1895 Chamd. Frnl. X11.
668/1 He dollied, or ground, his little bits of rock by means
of a contrivance bape np a pestle and mortar. 1896
Daily News 23 = /5 This has the richest stone we have
got so far, it dollies about 8 grains to the pound.
Hence Do llied ff/. a., DolUying vb/. sh. (also
attrth.) ; - Do'llier.
1882 .V. § Q. 28 Oct. 349/2 The soiled clothes are immersed
in water in the dolly tub. .then the dolly is plunged into the
mass [of clothes] and worked by the dollier by both arms.
1886 Pall Mall G. 27 Aug. 11/1 This ‘ dollying’ process is
effected by a hammer, which by means of a spring and
wooden pedal, is made to strike the already roughly joined
link till the two ends are so welded together that the joining
is scarcely noticeable. All hand-wrought chain above
three-eighths of an inch in diameter is known as ‘ dollied’.
Dolly, obs. Sc. form of Dowlx a.
Dolly Varden. [from the name of a character
in Dickens’s Barnaby Rudge.) a. A print dress
| with a large flower pattern, worn with the skirt
gathered up in loops. b. A large hat, worn by
women, with one side bent downwards, and
abundantly trimmed with flowers. ¢. A Cali-
fornian species of trout or char.
1872 A. Donson Dial. from Plato iv. (St. Paul's Mag.
Dec.), Blue eyes look doubly blue Beneath a Dolly Varden.
1877 R. L. Price Tivo Americas 214 Large baskets of
trout, among whom were red ‘Dolly Vardens’. lbid. 215,
Convinced that the ‘ Dolly Varden’ is a genuine trout. 1881
Mrs. Lynn Linton My Love I. 227 One ae get one’s
self up to look awfully killing in a Dolly Vard
Dolman (dgimin). Forms 6 fice 6-8
dolyman, doliman, 9 dolman. [orig. a. Turkish
Les > doliman or x0 gb dolémah, whence Pol.,
Boh. doloman, Magyar dolmany, ¥. doliman, (in
sense 2) dolman, Ger. doliman, dollman, The
disyllabic form appears to be through Fr.]
1. A long robe open in front, with narrow sleeves,
— 4 the Turks.
Wasutincrton tr. Wicholay's Voy, m1. x. 86 They
-—a clothed with a Lf owne, which they do call Delyuas.
girded with a 1 rdle of silke. 1599 Bangs E Voy. 11.
1, 113 Y° om ‘a..clothed with a robe of Dollymant
crimson. 1702 W. J. Bruyn's Voy. Levant xx.g1 Over this
comes on the Shirt, and over that the Doliman. oe
Romer Khone, Darro, etc. 11. 314 His haik floated
on his shoulders like a dolman.
2. The uniform jacket of a hussar, worn like a
cape with the sleeves hanging loose.
7h83 Standard 7 Mat. 5 ioe ) His Royal Hi, os has
presented the whole of the Bliicher Hussars wit! em
which had hitherto only been worn by the Royal ai
Guard 4 opments of Hussars,
3. A kind of mantle with cape-like appendages
instead of sleeves, worn by women,
1872 Punch 26 Oct. 171/2 The ‘dolman’ is a isons jacket,
with nua s te Our aes a i Sr ry . e left
loose at ure. uIpa Winter sath tt erhaps
it lurked in the black sable fur of her d x
Hence Dolmane‘tte, a small es om dolman.
1883 Glas, Weekly Her. 21 8/4 French Pattern
pe New D | ttes, ‘jue: etc.
II. 110 A poor person driven to the
DOLOROUS.
Dolmen (dg‘lmen). [a. mod. F. dolmen (dol.
min Latour d’Auvergne, 1796, dolmine Le Grand
d’Aussy 1798, dolmen, Mémoires de I Académie
Celtique 1807).
for. Borlase, Antig. C
54,
cromléh, but gave tolmén, lit. ‘ pat ra ae
Cornish name for those enormous
—— nyse |
for
and Scilly nat naturally poised upon _—_ is ints, so
as to leave a ‘hole’ or aperture vo apport
a man or beast may pass. ‘There is reason to think that this
is the word inexactly reproduced by Latour d’Aw'
dol, and misapplied by him and succeeding
archzeo! to the cromlech.)
The French name, used by some English aL,
for a CROMLECH, a prehistoric structure, consisting
of a large flattish stone supported upon two or more
smaller upright stones.
1859 JerHson Brittany en 108 The dolmen appeared to
me to consist of a chamber formed by gigantic unhewn
granite blocks placed upon smaller ones. 1865 Luppock
Preh. Times v. (1869) 104 All over Europe .. we find relics
of prehistoric ae . dolmens or stone chambers. 1871
Tytor Prim. Cult. Megalithic structures, menhirs,
cromlechs, dolmens. 1 5, erreries Gr. Ferne F. 150 He
crawled right under the table-stone of the dolmen. mn
Hence Dolme‘nie a. (once-wd.), of or belonging
to dolmens, or to the race who constructed them.
1882 tr. NV. Foly’s Man bef. Metals, vi. 158 The ethnological
character. .of the
Dolomite (dy PPmait). Min. [In F. dolomie,
dolomite, named 1794 after M. Doloméeu, a French
ie and mineralogist: see -1TE.] A native
ouble carbonate of lime and magnesia, occurring
crystalline, and in granular masses, white or
a rock con-
spain, essentially of this mineral.
794 Kirwan Min. 1. 111 Common Dolomite, in
marble which had been called Dol i
who first remarked its peculiarity in dissolving slowly. 1862
Chambers’ Encyct. s.v. Dolomite, The new Houses of Par-
liament are built of dolomite. 1876 Pace Adv. Text
Geol. v. 102 Dolomite is a granular or crystalline variety
magnesian limestone.
ey) aed ben Dolomites=the dolomite mountains
, from M. Dol
or peaks ; ¢. those of Southern Tyrol.
1870 (itty 2 ‘igzagging Pye. st Dolomites. 1873 A. B.
Epwarps A the Dol
Cc. autrib. aoa rere ge as pare country, moun-
| tain, peak ; dolomite-like adj.
1846 L. S. Costetto Tour Venice 389 The horns of the
dolomite mountains. 1864 Sat. Rev. Ja ly 38) /2 The strong-
hold of the Dolomite country. Rev, 35 Cele-
brated for their Dolomite > ‘Dana Min. § 742
A fine-grained dolomite-like rock.
Hence Do‘lomitize v. (also Do‘lomize),
vert into dolomite; Dolomitiza‘tion (
—) conversion into dolomite.
aa Les. in Life (1881) I. ay Tmo mind about
Von Buch’s theory of dolomisation, ae _ os ii.
(1850) 153 An The hes of dolomization.
i 065 A Cc. Phys. G Gos 878) ‘a modern
amsay Phys. Geog. x. (1 14
+ Sioa Yeon Nature 10
to con-
Dolo-
atolls are known to
e had been dolemitized.
“Dolomitio
(dplomirtik), a. [f. prec. + -1¢.]
Of the nature of, formed of, or a dolomite.
1832 De La Bec Geol, Man. ted 2) 329 itic rocks
are also found among them, 1879 Rutiey S¢ ly Rocks
xiv. 286 No sharp line of demarcation can... be drawn between
the dolomitic limestone and the true dolomites.
Dolor, obs. f. DoLLaR; var. of DoLour.
s Dolori‘ferous, 2. Obs. [£. L. type *dolorifer,
dolor-em Dotour + -fer bearing : see -PEROUS.]
Causing zn =next.
1599 A. Gabethouer’s Bk. Physiche 73/1 A
= ne in a ines ot tooth, ey apo Mood x
rape 74 a doloriferous in the joints.
Do: ee fik), a. Now rare. [ad.
olor-em pain ; pa -Fic.)
GaLe tries which ae conti HettShon a ee a ee
as dolorifick or a, iba8 lack Mag. XXIV. 192
Alas ! for H 4 Rm pale,
So + Dolori-fical a 4 "Obs. rare~°,
a.
OF. doleros, -eus, doulour-, dulur-, pargrrcer
c. in Hatz.-Darm.) mod. F. douloureux :—late L.
dolorés-us painful, full of sorrow, f. dolor Dowour.
1. ping pain attended by, ee affected with physi
ul ; 3 eae
¢ Chotaned leieth a plastre dolorous
vee Re Sl a si egre. 1578 Banister /ist. Mant.
No Medicin may preuayle..till the same
be. -- lucked up ty the rootes x6a0 Venwen Vie Rec
be bred by
setae Keon Ce weGeH. Il.
Bi aes Wek ct rin Reval Lo
dolorous sensations and
po ag
Dis (188
Zs, 11. ii. (1885 od
which
DOLOROUSLY.
2. Causing or giving rise to grief or sorrow;
grievous, distressful ; doleful, dismal.
¢1450 Merlin 116 The archbishop gaf this scentence full
dolerouse. 1548 Hatt Chyon., Hen. VI (an. 6) 105, Al-
though the death of therle wer dolorous to all Englishmen.
1641 Mitton Ch. Govt. 11, (1851) 140 When God commands
to take the trumpet and blow a dolorous or a jarring blast.
axjtr KEN Christophil Poet. Wks. 1721 I. 492 Faint he sank
amidst the dol’rous way. 3877 -Biacx Green Past, xxix.
(1878) 234 We had a dolorous day of rain.
3. Of persons, their feelings, state, etc.: Full of
or expressing sorrow ; sorrowful, sad, distressed.
1513 DouGias neis xu. ii. 149 Syne confortis he his
feris dolorous. ar Lp. Berners /H/xox lii. 174, I am
ryght dolorous for the newes that I brynge you. 1667
Mitton P. LZ. vi. 658 Thir armor..wrought them pain Im-
placable, and many a dolorous groan. 1854 THACKERAY
Newcomes 1, 40 [His] countenance assumed an appearance
of the most dolorous sympathy. 1871 R. Exiis Catudlus
ii. ro Might I..my dolorous heart awhile deliver.
Hence Doloro:sity, dolorousness.
1835 7ait’s Mag. 11. 784, 1 really do not wonder at your
dolorosity.
* Do'lorously, adv. [-ty2.] In a dolorous
manner ; painfully, sorrowfully, dolefully.
c1450 Merlin 544, V of tho pantoners hym toke and ledde
hym forth betinge hym dolerousely. @1533 Lp. Berners
won clxiii. 637 The thyrd & fourth he made doulourously
to dye. 1638 Sir T. Hersert 7+rav. (ed. 2) 176 Hearing
young Soffees voyce, dolorously crying out for Fatima.
I .C, Crayton Crued Fort. 111, 74 ‘ It will not be posted
now before morning’, she said, dolorously.
Do'lorousness. [f. as prec. + -ness.] The
state or quality of being dolorous ; sorrowfulness,
sadness, dolefulness.
1 Brenve Q. Curtius 41 (R.) For the dolorousness of
the old woman. 1649 Jer. Taytor Gt. Exemp. i. Ad § 15.
95 A designe to heighten the dolourousnesse of his person.
1880 A thenvum <% Feb, 272/1 Though melancholy is, no
doubt, a genuine poetic mood, mere dolorousness is not
fit for poetical treatment.
Dolose (doléus), a. Law. [ad. L. dolis-us,
f, dolus craft, deceit : see DoE sb.3] Characterized
by criminal intention ; intentionally deceitful.
1832 AustIN ¥urispr. (1879) II. 1103 An act of forbearance
or omission which is merely culpose (or not dolose) is not a
crime or public delict. 186 Lp. CraANwortu in Guardian
a July 726 Without accusing his..learned friend of being
lolose, he did accuse him of having misled their lordships.
+ Dolo'sity. Obs. rare. [a. OF. dolosité :— late
L. dolvsitat-em deceit, f. doldsus: see prec.]
‘Deceitfulness, hidden malice’ (Bailey).
igor Pol. Poems (Rolls) 11. 111 Al maner of dolosité to
zou is enditid. 1730-36 in Battey (folio).
Dolour, dolor (déu-laz, dp'la1), Forms: 4-6
doloure (-owre), (6 dolar, dollor, -our), 4-
dolour, 6- dolor. [a. OF. dolor, -our (11th c.),
mod.F. douwleur, = It. dolore, Pr., Sp. dolor :-L.
dolor-em pain, grief, anger, f. dol-2re to suffer pain
or grief. Now unusual in spoken use; hence
pronunciation varies; the historical pronunciation
was as in colour (F. couleur), which is retained in
East Anglia, and sometimes represented by spelling
dullor.)
+1. Physical suffering, pain; also (with J/.), a
pain, a painful affection, a disease. Ods.
2c 1370 Robt. K. Cicyle 59 Olyverne dyed in grete dolowre,
For he was slayne in a harde schowre. 1400 Lanfranc’s
Cirurg. 227 In be chapitre of dolour of ioynctis. 1596 Dat-
RyMPLE tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. 1. 24 To kure and to remeid
diuers dolouris of the skin. 1612 WoopaLt Surg. Mate
Wks. (1653) 33 It easeth the dolour of the caustick medicine,
1683 Satmon Doron Med. 1. 311 Rheumatisms and other
dolors of the nerves. 1710 T. FuLLER Pharm. Extemp. 243
Ina epperc Fit. .there’s great..Dolour in the Kidneys.
1715-20 Pore //iad xvi. 649 He drew the dolours from the
wounded part, — x .
2. Mental pain or suffering; sorrow, grief, distress.
13... K. Alis. 5699 The Kyng therfore was in doloure.
¢1470 Henry Wallace 1. 183 Mekill dolour it did hym in
hys mynd. 1544 Litany in Priv. Prayers (1851) 575 Piti-
fully behold the dolour of our heart. 16r0 Suaxs. Ze. u1.
i. 18 Dolour comes to him indeed. 1684 Contempl. State
Man u. vii. (1699) 211 Of joy there must no mention be
"made in that place of dolour. 1815 Scorr Guy JZ. xv, To
leave her in distress and dolour! 188r Jerreries Wood
Magic 11. ii, 66 Thus, in dolour and despair the darkness
increased.
b. p/. Griefs, sorrows. Now rare.
16x1 Suaks, Cymb. v. iv. 80 The Graces of his Merits due,
being all to dolors turn’d. 1666 Bunyan Grace Ad. § 163
Every Groan of that man..in his dolours. 1854 Mrs.
Ouipnant Magd. Hepburn I1. 28 Look you, dame !..I have
borne with your dolours for many a day. ‘
e. R. C. Ch. Dolours of the Virgin.
1885 Catholic Dict. s.v., The seven founders of the Servite
order, in the thirteenth century, devoted themselves to
special meditation on the Dolours of Mary, and from them
> yenilneemerses of the Seven Sorrows (i.e. at the prophecy
of Simeon, in the flight to Egypt, at the three days’ loss, at
the carrying of the cross, at the crucifixion, at the descent
of the cross, at the entombment) is said to have come.
(Hence the appellation Our Lady of Dolours or Sorrows.)
+d. A cause or occasion of sorrow ; a grievous
or sad thing. Obs. rare.
€1330 Amis § Amil, 12 To here of the childeryn twoo,
How thei were in wele and woo..is grete doloure.
+ 3. The outward expression of grief; lamentation,
mourning. 70 make dolour, to lament, mourn. Obs.
€1320 Senyn Sag. (W.) 1270 Therefore he made gret
591
c1s00 Melusine \vii. 338 The doleur & lament-
able heuynes that men dide. @1533 Lp, Berners xox
Ixxxi. 246 Huon. .was sorowfull to aohis wyfe make so grete
doloure. 1634 Str ‘T. Hersert /vav. 107 ‘Though they saw
me, they continued their dolours till the end,
+4, Anger, indignation, resentment. [As in L.]
1609 Hottanp Amm. Marcell, xxiv. iv. 250 Our fighting
souldiers were so enkindled with anger and dolour [do/orv}.
1 Butwer Chirod, 92 Anger, dolour, and indignation.
olp, obs. Sc. var. of Dour.
Dolphin (dglfin). Forms: 4-5 delfyn(e, 6-7
delphin ; 5-6 dalphyn(e, 7 daulphin ; 4-6 dol-
phyn, 5 dolfyn(e, dolphyne, 6 doulphyn, 6-7
dolphine, 6- dolphin. See also Daupuin. [In
the form de/fyn, delphin, app. directly from L.
delphin-us (med.L. also delfinus, It. delfino, Sp.
delfin) ; with the form dalphyne, cf. Pr. dalfin, OF.
daulphin; of the latter do/fix appears to be a
phonetic variant with o from az: Littré has an
example of doffin in 15th c. French.]
1. A species of cetaceous mammal (Del/phinus
Delphis), having a longer and more slender snout
than the porpoise, with which it is frequently
confounded, so that the two names become inter-
changed ; sometimes applied also to the grampus.
13.. A. Adis. 6576 Heo noriceth delfyns, and cokadrill.
1387 Trevis Higden (Rolls) 11. 13 Pere beeb ofte i-take
dolphyns, and see calues, and baleynes. c1440 /’70m/.
Parv. 126/1 Dolfyne, fysche, dedphinus. 1530 Patscr. 214/2
Doulphyna fysshe, doulphin. 1576 Freminc Panof/. Epist.
353 The Dalphine feedeth her young with milke. 1601
Suaxs, Twel. N.1. ii. 15 Like Orion on the Dolphines backe.
1646 J. Hatt Poems 1. 41 Had but the curteous Delphins
heard. 1653 Hotcrort Procopius, Gothick Wars ut. 102
A great number of Daulphins coming upon the mouth of the
Euxine Sea. 1 Pennant Zool. IL]. 50 It does not appear
that the dolphin shews a greater attachment to mankind than
the-rest of the cetaceous kind. 1885 Eucycl. Brit. XIX.
521/2 The head [of the porpoise] is rounded in front, and
differs from that of the true dolphins in not having the snout
produced into a distinct ‘ beak’.
2. Popularly applied to the dorado (Coryphena
Aippuris), a fish celebrated for its beautiful colours,
which, when it is taken out of the water, or is
dying, undergo rapid changes of hue.
1578-1628 F. Fretcuer Drake's Voy. (Hakl. Soc.) 32
(Yule, s.v. Dovado) The..great mackrel (whom the Aurata
or Dolphin also pursueth). 1627 Capt. SmitH Seaman's
Gram, viii. 36 Fish hookes, for .. Dolphins, or Dorados,
1633 G. Herbert 7emple, Giddinesse vy. 1756 P. Browne
Famaica 443 The Dolphin. This is one of the most beauti-
ful fishes of those seas. 1818 Byron Ch. //ar, iv. xxix,
Parting day Dies like the dolphin, whom each pang imbues
With a new colour.. The last still loveliest. 1844 Mrs.
Brownine Vis. Poets xcvi. Poems 1850 I. 215 Faint and dim
His spirits seemed to sink in him, Then, like a dolphin,
change and swim The current.
3. Astron. A northern constellation, Delphinus.
1430 Lypc. Chron. Troy u. xiv, In whiche the Egle and
also the Dolphyne Haue theyr arysynge by reuolucion. 1551
RecorpveE Cast. Knowd. 264 A lyttle from it is the Dolphine,
whiche hath in it ro starres. 1607 Torsett Kour.f, Beasts
(1658) 57 About the time of the Daulphins appearance. 1868
Lockyer Guillemin'’s Heavens (ed. 3) 358 Two double stars,
one of the Lion, the other of the Dolphin.
4. A figure of a dolphin (generally represented
as curved) in painting, sculpture, heraldry, etc.
In early Christian art used as an emblem of love, diligence,
or swiftness.
2ax400 Morte Arth. 2054 A derfe schelde .. With a
dragone engowschede..Devorande a dolphyne. a 1440 Sir
Degrev. 1038 He beres a dolfyn of gold. 1756-7 tr.
Keysler's Trav. (1760) 11.20 The fish or dolphin at the side
of the statue, on which some boys seem to be riding. 1851
Ruskin Stones Ven. (1874) I. App. 387 A dolphin may be
used as asymbol of the sea. 1895 Chamdb. rnd. Aug. 449/1
Some Aldine edition, with..the sign of the well-known
anchor and dolphin.
+ 5. (In full, dalphyn or dolphin crown.) A French
gold coin, formerly current in Scotland. Odés.
Prob. the Fr. écu du Dauphiné, weighing about 54 Eng-
lish grains, struck by Louis XI for the Dauphiné.
1451 Sc. Acts Fas. 11 (3597) § 33 The Crown of France
hauand a crowned Flowre-deluce on ilk side of the Schield,
..and the Dolphin Crowne, ilk ane of them hauand course
for sex shillinges aucht pennies. 1455 /é47d. (1597) § 59 The
a the Rydar, the Crowne, the Dolphin, to elleven
shillings,
6. Applied to various contrivances resembling or
fancifully likened to a dolphin.
a. In early artillery, each of two handles cast solid on a
cannon nearly over the trunnions, commonly made in the
conventional form of a dolphin.
1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn. s.v. Ordnance, Maniglions
or Dolphins .. are the Handles placed on the back of the
Piece near the Trunnions, and near the Centre of Gravity,
to mount and dismount it the more easily. 1869 BouTELL
Arms & Arm. xi. (1874) 240 Thus the handles, azses (when
in use in England called dolphins), are not infrequently
made in the form of the body of some living creature; for
example, in Fig. 50 they appear in the form of two dolphins.
b. Nat. (a) A spar or block of wood with a ring bolt at
each end for vessels to ride by; a mooring-buoy. (4) A
mooring-post or bollard placed at the entrance of a dock or
along a quay, wharf or beach, to e hawsers fast to. (c)
A wreath of plaited cordage fastened about a mast or yard,
to prevent the latter from falling in case of the ropes or
chains which support it being shot away in action. —
1764 Croker, etc. Dict. Arts & Sc., Dolphins of the Mast.
1833 Marrvat P, Simple vi, What with dead-eyes, and
shrouds, cats and catblocks, dolphins, and dolphin-strikers,
I was so puzzled .. that [etc.], 1840 Avid, Hull Docks
dolour.
|
|
|
|
DOLT.
Comm, 90 Q. What is a dolphin? A. There is a post in the
middle, and it is inclosed round by other posts, and this
post in the middle is the post to make the rope fast to, and
the others support it; it is for the vessels to warp into the
river Hull. 1844 Hud? Dock Act 91 Substantial hawsers ..
fixed to the dolphins. 1847 Craic, Dolphin of the mast.
1867 Smytu Satlor’s Word-bk., Bollard. also a lighter sort
of dolphin for attaching vessels to, /éid., Puddening. a
thick wreath of yarns, matting, or oakum (called a dolphin),
tapering from the middle towards the ends,
G. Gr. Antig. A heavy mass of lead, etc. suspended from
a yard at the bows of a war-vessel, to be dropt into an
enemy’s ship when at close quarters.
1774 GoLpsM. Grecian //ist.1.279 The enemy. .were stopped
by the yards of those ships to which were fixed dolphins of
lead. 1820 ‘T. MitcHELt Aristoph. Knights I, 227 Let your
dolphins rise high, while the enemy’s nearing. 1836-48 B.
D. Watsu A ristoph. Knights u. iti, Quick haul up your pon-
derous dolphins, 1849 Grote Greece 11. |x. (1862) V. 262.
d. ‘A technical term applied to the pipe and cover at a
source for the supply of water’ (Weale Dict. Terms Arch.
1849-50). .
e. Angling. A kind of hook.
1854 BapuaM /adieut, 18.
7. A black species of aphis or plant-louse (4ph7s
Jabe), very destructive to bean-plants ; also called
collier and dolphin-fly. Also a black coleopterous
insect infesting turnips (quot. 1771
1731 Battery (ed. 5), Dolphins (with Gardiners) small black
Insects that infest Beans, etc. 1771 G. Waite Selborne
xxxiv. go The country people here call it the ‘Turnip Fly
and Black Dolphin; but I know it to be one of the coleoptera ;
the Chrysomela oleracea. 1846 Hannam in Yrnd. R. Agric.
Soc. I. 11. 590 The season of 1846 has been memorable for
the dolphin among the pea-crop. 1883 Sutton Cult. Veget.
§ /2. (1892) 382 The Bean Aphis. .the Bean Plant Louse, or
Black Dolphin.
+8. =Davupuin 1 8., q.v. (Obs.).
9. attr?b. and Comb. as dolphin-colour, -family,
fish, -hue, -shoal; dolphin-borne, -headed, -like
adjs.; dolphin-fat, a fat obtained from species of
Delphinus (DEUPHIN sb, 2); dolphin-flower, the
Larkspur (Delphindum); dolphin-fly = sense 7 ;
dolphin-oil =«folphin-fat (Watts Dict. Chem. II.
309) ; dolphin-striker (Aazt.), a short gaff spar
fixed perpendicularly under the cap of the bowsprit
for guying down the jib-boom; also called mav-
tingale (which name is also given to the ropes
connecting it with the jib-boom).
1842 Mrs. Browninc Grk. Chr. Poets (1863) 1 Pang by
pang, each with a *dolphin colour. 1513 DoucLas A ne7s
v. x. 88 Als swift as *dalfin fische, swymand away, 1671
H. M. tr. Collog. Erasm, 510 Vhe Dolphin fish. .1s a lover
of man. 1846 Worcester, * Dolphin-/7y, an insect of the aphis
tribe, destructive to beans. 1846 GREENER Sc. Gunnery 15
‘The fancy cock and hammers have given place to a *dolphin-
headed hammer. 1878 BrowninG La Saisiaz 75 Melodious
moaned the other ‘Dying day with *dolphin-hues.’ 1606
Suaks. Ant. & Cl. v. ii. 89 His delights Were *Dolphin-
like, they shew’d his backe aboue The Element they liu’d
in. 1887 Bowen Virg, Atneid v. 594 Some *dolphin shoal
. afloat on the watery plain, 1833 * Dolphin-striker [see 6 b].
1841 Marryat Poacher xxviii, The. .collision carried away
our..dolphin-striker. 1867 SmytH Savlor’s Word-bk, s.v.
Martingale, The spar is usually termed the dolphin-striker,
from its handy position whence to strike fish. 189% E.
Caste Conseg. III. 1. xvii. 3 Hot water bubbled .. in an
ancient copper *‘dolphin’ urn of exquisite outline.
Dolphinate, -ess, obs. ff. DAUPHINATE, -ESS,
1655 Futter Ch. Hist. vi. i. § 9 The Dolphinate in
France. i
+Dolphine't. 0¢s. rare". [f. Dotpnin +
-ET, dimin. suffix, here exceptionally used as a
feminine.] A female dolphin.
1595 SPENSER Col. Clout 866 The Lyon chose his mate,
the Turtle Dove Her deare, the Dolphin his owne Dolphinet.
Dolt (dt), sb. Also 6 dolte, dowlte, 6-7
doult(e. [Found with its derivatives from middle
of 16th c.; perh. earlier in dialect use. App.
related to OE. dol, ME. do/, doll, Dut, and to
Dorp, stupid, inert of intellect or faculty. For the
-t, cf. ME. duit in sense of dulled: see Dut v.]
1. A dull, stupid fellow ; a blockhead, numskull.
1543 eae in Dottisn]. 155r Ropinson tr. More's
Utop. (Arb.) 39 Thies wysefooles and verye archedoltes.
@1553 Upatt Royster D, 1. ii, (Arb.) 42 A very dolt and
loute. 1604 SHaxs. O¢h. v. ii. 163 Oh Gull, oh dolt, As
ignorant asdurt. 1688 CLEVELAND A’'ustic Rampant Wks.
(1687) 417 Not only these Doults, these Sots. 1725 Swirr
Wood the Ironmonger 32 Wood's adulterate copper, Which
.. we like dolts Mistook at first for thunderbolts. 1847
Disraewt Zancredv. i, The prerogative of dolts and dullards.
2. a. attrzb. or as adj. Doltish, stupid, senseless,
foolish. b. Comb., as + dolt-head, (a) a dolt,
blockhead ; (4) a stupid head (quot. 1711).
1679 DryvEeN 77oil. § Cress. u1. iii, Dolt-heads, asses, And
beasts of burden. 171x E. Warp Quix. I. 414 As soon as
each had bolted From out his Straw, and scratch’d his
Dolthead. 1828 SourHey 7o A. Cunningham Poems II].
311 The dolt image is not worth its clay. 1852 R. Knox
Gt. Artists & Anat. 57 North Germany, the land of
schnapps, and insolence, and dolt stupidity. Rees
Hence + Do‘ltage, + Do‘ltry, the condition of a
dolt; + Do‘ltify v. ¢vans., to make a dolt of.
1ssg Aytmer Harbor. Faithf. Subj. Giijb, Women..
doltefied with the dregges of the Deuils dounge hill. ned
Mutcaster Positions xxxix. (1887) 205 Where I see nobil-
itie betraid to donghillrie, and learning to doultrie. 1593
Nasue Four Lett. Confut. Gjb, I have usually seene un-
circumsied doltage have the porch of his Panims pilfries
very hugely pestred with praises.
DOLT.
cd
+ Dolt, v. Obs. [f. prec. sb.]
1. ¢rans. To make a doit of, befool ; to call dolt.
1553 1. Witson Xhet. 74 b, When wee would abashe a man
.. wee either doulte hym at the firste, and make hym beleeve
that he is no wiser then a goose, or [etc.]. 1570 B. Goocr
Pop. Kingd. u, (1880) 26 Thus are the people dolted still,
and fooles are made of fooles. 1574 HeLtowes Gueuara's
Fam, Ep. 302 Certaine men be Peed, and charged with
a thousand thoughts. 1818 Topp, 7o-do//, to make dull.
I have heard the word so spoken, but know no instance of
it in books,
2. intr. To act like a dolt, to play the fool.
Hence Do'lting f//. a.
1573 New Custom 1. ii. in Hazl. Dodsley II. 19 More
better. . Than in these trifles to have dolted so much. 1593
Tell-Troth's N. Y. Gift 21 Touching doating or dolting
lelosy.
Doltish (do ltif), a. [f. Dorr sb.+-18H.] Of
the nature of or like a dolt ; foolish, stupid, thick-
headed, senseless.
1543 Bate Course Rom. Foxe 62b (T.) Your argument
is, as you are; unlearned, fantastical and doltish. az
Upatt Royster D. 1. iii. (Arb.) 63 Rather than to mary wit
suche a doltishe loute. a 1677 B
III. 32 Doltish incapacity.
xxxvi, 131 A doltish stare. i Lucy T. Smitn in //ist.
Kev. Jan, 34 The man with a doltish son,
Do'ltishl adv. [f. prec.+-LY2.] Ina dolt-
ish manner ; stupidly.
1580 Hottysanp 7yveas, Fr. Tong, Bestenrent & lourde-
ment, beastly and doltishly. 1586 Ferne Blas. Gentrie u.
98[ They] do very doltishly distinguisht wo kinds of adoration.
1682 Bunyan //oly War 186 ‘Thou hast perniciously and
doultishly taught and maintained that there is no God.
Doltishness. _
sora of being doltish ; stupidity.
1569 I. Norton Redell, Earl Northumd, in Strype Ann.
Ref. 1. lv. 597 The vanities, the doltishness, the borrowing
without caring to pay. 1629 Symmer Sfir. Posie u. i. 33 It
is extreame doltishnesse to deferre the practise of Wisedome. |
3813 Suettey in Dowden Life (1887) I. 339 The usual
doltishness of the regal race.
+ Dolven, obs. pa. pple. of DeLvE v.: Delved,
dug, buried.
a1a2g Ancr. R. 292 Hud pe ide doluene corde. cx
Will. Palerne 5280 Ac he was ded & doluen. c¢ 1420 Pallad.
on Husb. 11. 639 In the doluen lond. c1440 Fork Myst.
xxiv. 189 Both dede and doluen, bis is be fourpe day.
+ Do'ly, a. Ods. or dial. Also 6 .Sc. duillie,
8 dooly. [The forms dooly and durllie are clearly,
and doly probably, from DoLE 54.2; a 16th c.
dolly appears to be a different word; see Dow1g.]
Doleful, sorrowful, sad.
1sor Douctas Fal. Hon. 1. 189 Quhidder is become sa
sone this duillie hant? 1583 StanyHurst 4xe/s u, (Arb.)
57 This dolye chaunce gald vs, with blood, with slaghter
abounding. 1§96 Lopce Marg. Amer. 20 ‘The dolie season
of the yeare. 1721 Baitey, Doly or Dooly, mourning, sad.
|| Dom ! (dpm). [In sense 1, a. Pg. dom, a title
of honour, = Sp. don :—L. domin-us master, ruler,
chief, owner; see Don 50.1, Dam 56.4, Dan}. In
sense 2 an abbreviation of L. dominus.]
1. In Portugal and Brazil, a title of dignity
prefixed to the Christian name, used by Royalty,
Cardinals, Bishops, and gentlemen on whom it has
been conferred by Royal authority.
1727-5r Cuampers Cycl. s.v., In Portugal, nobody is
allowed to assume the title of Dom, which is a badge or
token of nobility, without the King’s leave.
2. As a shortened form of L. dominus, prefixed
to the names of R. C. ecclesiastical and monastic
dignitaries, esp. to Benedictine and Carthusian
monks, whether priests or in minor orders,
1716 Daviss A then, Brit. u. 372 The noted French reform'd
Monk Dom Gerberon, 1727-51 Cuamprrs Cycl., Dom is
likewise used in France among some orders of religious as
the Chartreux, Benedictines, etc. We say, the reverend
father Dom Calmet, Dom Alexis, Dom Balthasar, etc. 1822
Nares s. v. Dan, The Dom of the Benedictines. gta
Wicxnam Lee in 7vans. St. Paul's Eccl. Soc. U1. 74 Mr.
Edmund Bishop, who, with Dom Aidan Gasquet, is editing
the Consuetudinary of St. Mary's Abbey, York. i
3. Dom Pedro (U.S.): a game at cards, a varia-
tion of don (Don 6).
1887 F, R. Srock ton Borrowed Month, etc. 191 (American)
Dom Pedro... a social game of cards which we generally
played.
1 Dom 2 (ddim). [mod.Ger. dom cathedral, ad.
L. domus (domus Det): see Dome. OHG, and
MHG. had ¢wom.] A cathedral church.
186: Neate Notes Dalmatia ii. 35 A stroll through the
city showed us..the so-called Dom..a_ building somewhat
resembling the cathedral at Graz, 1876 Freeman //ist. Sk.,
Venetian March, As \nnsbriick never was a Bishop's see,
there is no dom. 1888 7¥mes (Weekly Ed.) 22 June 5/1
The Dom at Berlin,
So Do‘mchureh [tr. Ger. domhirche] = prec.
1864 Kincstey Rom. § Teut. 219 The domchurch and its
* organization grew up.. round the body of a saint or
martyr.
Dom, obs. f. Doom, Dump; var. f. Doum.
-dom, sufix. [OE, -dém = OS. -dém, MDu,
-doem, Du. -dom, OHG., MHG., -tuom, Ger. -tum.]
Abstract suffix of state, which has grown out of an
independent sb., orig. putting, setting, position,
statute, OHG. wom, position, condition, dignity,
in OE. dém, statute, judgement, jurisdiction,
f. stem dé- of Do v, + abstract suffix -moz, OE. -m,
arrow Serm, Wks. 1716 |
185t H. Mecvitte Whale |
(f. as prec.+-NESS.] The |
592
as in hel-m, sea-m, strea-m, etc,
in OE. as a suffix to sbs. and
the dignity of a bishop, cyningdém,
Frequent already
adjs., as biscopdéim
; A;
DOME.
Royal domains .. were .. made over to ecclesiastics.
H. Hunter tr, St, Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) rin 2%
— are, in that Country [Russia], proprietors
y ’
royal or kingly dominion, kingdom, ea/dordém the
position or jurisdiction of an elder or lord ; Acow-
dém, the condition of a peow or slave; /réodém,
hdligdim, wisdém the condition or fact of being
free, holy, or wise. The number of these deriva-
tives has increased insdater times, and -dom is now
a living suffix, freely employed to form nonce-
derivatives, not only with the sense of ‘ condition,
state, dignity’, but also with that of ‘domain,
realm’ (fig.). See in their alphabetical places
alderdom, Anglo-Saxondom, boredom, Christen-
dom, cuckoldom, dukedom, earldom, freedom, king-
dom, martyrdom, popedom, sheriffdom, thraldom,
wisdom, etc. Examples of nonce-words appear in
the quotations,
1885 H. Pearson 2. Browning 8 Pomona. .to express all
appledom and rdom. 1882 H. C. Merivate Faucit
of B. 1,1. iv. 58 Entitled him to all the honours of B.A. dom.
1887 St, Louts Globe Democrat 2 Feb., A real, live Dakota
man..fresh from Blizzardom. 1880 New Virginians 1. 237
Meanwhile curdom flourishes. -_ Pall Mall G. 3 Aug.
2/2 To test .. the good-sailordom of the spectators. /did.
7 Oct. 2/1 Imagine Manchesterdom Protectionist. 1894
Times 27 Sept. 7/4 Says Mr, Labouchere, ‘ Liberal official-
dom has wet-blanketted it.’ /éid 6 June 11/3 The ranks of
old fogeydom, 1 Henty Dorothy's Double 1, 91 A..
specimen of English squiredom. 1889 Pal/ Madd G. 26 Dec.
1/3 The classic pile which. divides clubland from theatre-
dom. 1890 Spectator 18 Jan., A pervading atmosphere of
topsy-turveydom.
+ Do‘mable, a. Ods. rare. [ad. late L. doma-
éil-is tamable, f. domdre to tame: cf. OF. doma-
éle.) Tamable. Hence +t Do-mableness.
1623 CockEram, Domable, easie to be tamed. 1 D: }
Pett /mpr. Sea 205 As quiet and peaceable in the world as
domable, or indomable doves are. /éid. 213 note, It is
impossible to reduce this feral creature unto that domable-
ness that young women might play with him.
Domage, -eable, -eous, obs. ff. Damaag, etc.
+ Do er. Obs. rare’. [a. OF. pres. inf.
domager, earlier -zer, to damage, used substantively. ]
Damage, injury.
1502 Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) Iv. xxi. 269 The
maner of restytucyon ought to haue conformyte to the
maner of the domager.
Domain (domé'n), sb. Also 5 domayne, 7
-aine. [a. mod.F. domaine (1611 in Cotgr.), for
earlier F. dematne, OF. demeine:—L. dominicum,
in med.L. =‘proprietas, quod ad dominum spectat’,
subst. use of dominicus of or belonging to a lord,
of the nature of private property, proper, own.
See DEMESNE, which is another form of this word.
OF. domeine, demeine, did not come down from cl. L.
domininm \ordship, ownership, property, for that could
have given only an OF. domein, demein; it is supposed
that cl.L. dominicum passed in Rom. and OF. through the
stages *domenio, domenié, domeine, demeine: cf. canont-
cum, *ci io, canonié, c ine, ch ine, But, in the inter-
mediate stage, the form of the word naturally suggested its
identity with cl. L. dominium, which consequently appears,
beside the original dominicum, as the Latin equivalent in
medizaval documents; the latter have also domanium formed
onthe vernacular. Theo was in OF. regularly weakened to
e, demeine, whence late AFr. & Eng. demesne; in domaine
the ois restored after L.; in French, domaine is now (since
¢ 1610) used in all senses; but in Eng., demesne has been
traditionally retained in the legal use, and in senses immedi-
ately derived from it, though the two forms overlap.)
+1. =Demesne 1. Also attri. in domain lands.
Obs. rare.
¢142§ Wyntoun Cron. v. x. 386 Octaveus. .pai saggy
has slayne, And held pe kynryk in domayne. 16; 4
sree roy Kingd. & Commu. 158 The rights of the
Domaine are these: Rents, Feifs, Payments at alienations.
/bid. That is Domaine, which belongeth to the Crowne. 1876
Dicsy Real Prop. i. 24 This portion was called terra
dominica, terrae dominicales, or domain lands.
2. Eminent domain: ultimate or supreme lord-
ship ; the superiority or lordship of the sovereign
power over all the property in the state, in accord-
ance with which it is entitled to —— by
constitutional methods any part required for the
public advantage, compensation being given to the
owner. A term chiefly used in International Law,
and in the Law of the United States of America.
{1625 Grotius De Yure B, et P. 1. iii. § 6 Dominium
eminens, quod civitas habet in cives et res civium, ad usum
publicum,] 1850 Loncr. Ladder St. Augustine vi, lf we
would gain In the bright fields of fair renown The right of
eminent domain. 1894 Harvard Law Rev, VIII. 237
The name Eminent Domain comes from Grotius, and the
subject is a prominent one with European writers on pathic
law ; but treatises on it do not exist outside of the United
States. The topic develops here because it is a branch of
our system of Constitutional Law. The first treatise was
by H. E. Mills of St. Louis in 1879. (See also Eminent a
b. Direct di in, di i use, lation of the
French law-phrases domaine direct the ownership or right
of the lord, and domaine utile the right of use on the part
of a lessee, as used in the law of Lower Canada.
3. A heritable property ; estate or territory held
in possession ; lands; dominions ; = DEMESNE 3-5.
x Hottanp Pliny xun. iii. (R.), These are in the nature
a domain and inheri and fall to the next heire
in succession. 1782 Priesriey Corrupt. Chr. 11. x. 258
_ united with the more historical word DoMANIAL by
as as vinces. REEMAN
Norm, Cong. (1876) 1V. xvii. 35 She occupied half a hide of
royal domain.
b. transf. A district or region under rule, con-
trol, or influence, or contained within certain limits;
realm ; ssid of activity, influence, or dominion.
1727-46 Tnomson Summer 859 Ocean trembles for his
green domain. 1823 Lame Z/ia Ser. u. Poor Relation, He
was lord of his library, and seldom cared for looking out
beyond his domains. H. Rocers Zss. I. vii. 407
For even an infinitud infini Ids in infini
space may be found domain enough.
¢c. Used by Pinkerton for a subdivision of the
Mineral ‘kingdom’.
181r Pinkerton Petra/. 1. 132 The intrites and glutenites
are classed under the several ins to which they belong.
Ibid. 1, Introd, iii-iv.
4. fig. A sphere of thought or action; field, pro-
vince, scope of a department of knowledge, etc.
1764 GotpsM. Trav. 97 Carried to excess in each domain,
This fav’rite good begets peculiar pain. 1799 MAckinTosu
Study Law Nat. Wks. 1846 I. 381 Contracting. .the domain
of brutal force and of arbitrary will. 1828 Cartyte Afise.
(1872) I, Our Poet's gift in raising it into the d of Art.
1864 Bowen Logic x. 343 An actual enlargement of the
domain of Science. 1866 ArGyii Reign Law ii. (ed. 4) 53.
b. Logic. The breadth, extension, circuit, or
sphere of a notion.
ec. Math, ‘In the theory of Functions, the
portion of the s-plane within a circle which just
does not include a singular point is called the
domain of its centre’ (H. T. Gerrans).
x Forsytu 7he. Functions 55 If the whole of the.
domain of 4 be not included in that of a.
Hence + Domain v. Ods. intr., to dominate.
1589 Ive Fortif. 36 It must lye wholy n toward the
towne, that the towne may commaund, and domaine ouer it.
Domainal (domé'"nal), a. [f. Domain + a;
the intermediate domainial.] =DoMANIAL.
1857 Sir F. Patcrave Norm. & Eng. 11. 551 An antient
domainal palace. 1862S. Lucas Secudaria 352 ‘The domainal
jurists of the eighteenth century. :
Domal (d6"-mal), a. [ad. med.L. domal-is (Du
Cange), f. domus house: see Dome, etc.] :
L. Astrol. Of or pertaining to a dome or ‘house’.
1716 Appison Drummer ui.i, Mars is now entering his
first house, and will shortly appear in all his domal digni-
ties. 1819 Jas. Witson Compl. Dict. Astrol., Domal
dignity, when a planet is in its own
3. Or or pertaining to houses ; domestic.
1728 R. Morris Ess. Anc. Archit. 3 Templar and Domal
Architecture. 1884 Health E-xhib. Catal. 98/1 Principles of
sanitation—personal, municipal, domal, etc.
Domanial (domé'nial), a. Also 9 domainial.
[a. F. domanial (16th c. in Hatz-Darm.), ad. med.L,
domanialis, f. domanium.] Of, pertaining, or re-
lating to domain or to a particular domain.
1818 Hattam Mid. Ages ii. 1. (1855) 1. 208 The domanial
estates of the crown. /éid. 221 The extent of his domanial
territory. 1841 W. Spatpine /taly § /t, Zst. 11. 110 Old
privileges of the domanial towns, or, as we might call them,
royal ughs. M. Brinces Pop. Mod. Hist. 405
Re-assuming those rich domainial estates. 1861 Maine
Anc. Law vii. (1870) 231 That. . ition. .sub d
the feudal form of property for the domainial (or Roman)
and the allodial (or German.
Domas, obs. form of DAMASK.
Domb(e, obs. ff. Dus, Doom.
|| Domba (démba). [ad.Cingalese dombe.] A
large East Indian and Malayan tree, Calophyllum
Inophyllum, N.O. Clusiacex, the seeds of which
ield a thick dark- strong-scented oil (domba
oi), used medicinally and for burning.
1858 Simmonps Dict. Trade, 1866 Treas. Bot,
- Démbée, OE. form of Doompoox.
Domdaniel (dpmdenitl). [a. F. domdaniel,
app. £. Gr. b@4a Aawja, or L. domus Danielis,
hall or house of Daniel.
A fictitious name, introd din the French ‘ Continuation
oe on ea, eo
Caryl “Ie is 1 wot thane whether “Daslal” te intended to
refer to the Hebrew prophet, or to “a great Grecian
teat ages ae ee ‘the Queen and
Serpents rabian .
A fabled submarine hall where a magician or
sorcerer met with his disciples : placed by Cazotte
‘under the sea near Tunis’, by Southey ‘ under the
roots of the ocean’ {a kd Carlyle in the sense
f ‘infernal af of iniquity’.
Osher Scoruse Thalebe xa. xxiv, he Dosulenial sail
Through all its Gengeeng eee. 1809 Byron Eng. Bards
213 Next see tremendous Thalaba come on .. Domdaniel’s
dread sateen ee Cartyte Cromwell wero e Spain
was as a black laniel. /d7d. 64 A grisly o Phat ss
kind of Infernal King, Chief E ..in the Domdaniel
genet of Spanish I Me
ms Oct. py pees in Zion
Dome (dé"m), sd. Also 7 dosme, 8 doom,
In sense 1, app. directly L. dom-us house,
ome; in other senses, a. F. dome (15-16th c.;
sometimes dosme, whence mod.F. dime 6 ), ad, It.
*
Sa
DOME.
duomo house, house of God, ‘chiefe Church or
Cathedrall Church in a citie’ (Florio), high cupola,
dome (as a distinguishing feature of Italian
, cathedrals) :—L. dom-s house. ]
1. A house, a home ; a stately building, a man-
sion. Now only as a poetical or dignified appel-
lation.
1513 Douctas 4neis xi. Prol. 93 Onto my dome [=in my
dwelling , I saw 30u neuir ayr. ¢, T. Wuson Rhet.
1580) 160 Dated at my Dome, or rather Mansion place in
incolneshire. 1656 Biounr Glossogr., Dome ..a Town-
House, Guild-Hall, a State-House, Meeting-house in a city,
from that of Florence, which is so called. 1724 Swirr
Riddles vii, 51 Sad charnel-house! a dismal dome, For
which all mortals leave their home. 1770 LANGHORNE
Plutarch (1879) 1. 74/2 They built temples ..and other
sacred domes, 1808 Scert Marm. v1. Introd. 121 Gladly as
. he we seek the dome, And as reluctant turn us home.
1812 Byron Ch. Har. u. vi, Ambition's airy hall, -
Te of thought, the palace of the Soul. 1818 SHELLEY
Rev. [slam u. xliii, Hoary crime would come Behind, and
fraud rebuild religion’s tottering dome,
Obs.
+2. A cathedral church; =Dom 2.
1691 tr. Lmillianne's Fourn. Naples 71 The Ceremony
..Celebrated..at the Dome (so they call the Cathedral
Churches in Italy). 1704 Appison /taly (1766) 46 Pope
Lucius, who lies buried in the dome. 1707 Lond. Gaz.
82/3 There was a Jew Christen’d last Sunday in the
eave of this City [Berlin]. 1753 Hanway 77av. II. 1. iii.
15 There is also the dome, which is a cathedral church.
3. A rounded vault forming the roof of a building
or chief part of it, and having a circular, elliptical,
or polygonal base; a cupola.
1656 BLount Glossogr., Dome ..a flat round Loover, or
open roof to a Steeple, Banqueting-house, &c. Somewhat
resembling the bell of a great Watch. 1660 F. Brooke tr.
Le Blanc’s Trav. 114 The Kings Palace..was built square,
with a Dosme. 1712 Lond. Gaz: No. 5058/2 The Dome of
the Cathedral was illuminated. 1756-7 tr. Keysler’s Trav.
(1760) II. 311 The roof of the Pantheon is a round doom,
without pillars or windows. 1812-16 J. Smirn Panorama
Sc. & Art Il. 66 The whispering gallery in the dome of St.
Paul’s Cathedral, London. 1879 Sir G. Scotr Lect. Archit.
II, 229, I defined a dome as the covering of a circular space
produced by the revolution of an ack round its central
vertical axis.
b. The hemispherical roof of an astronomical
observatory, made to revolve and open so as to direct
the telescope towards any part of the heavens.
1865 Chambers’ Encycl. VII. 30/2 Since the year 1852, a
time-ball has been dropped on the dome of the Observatory
-.at precisely one o'clock,
4. transf. The vaulted roof of a cavern or natural
hollow ; the concave vault of the sky; a vaulted
canopy ; a canopy of trees, etc. ; a bee-hive.
1727 Swirt Gulliver 1. iii, Whence the astronomers
descend into a large dome .. called .. the astronomer's cave.
1730-46 THOMSON Axtumn 1182 The tender race, By
thousands, tumble from their honeyed domes. 1790-1811
Come Devil on 2 Sticks in Eng. (1817) VI. 59 In a.. bed,
with a dome to it. 1797 Mrs. Rapcurre /tadian ii, The
whole dome of the sky had an appearance of transparency.
1830 Tennyson Recoll, Arab. Nts. 41 Imbower'd vaults of
pillar'd palm. .the dome Of hollow boughs. 1860 TynpaLL
Glac. 1. ii, 1&8 Some bubbles. .had lifted the coating here and
there into little rounded domes,
b. The convex rounded summit of a mountain,
a wave, etc. In U.S., frequently entering into the
names of rounded mountain peaks.
[1788 Sir W. Jones Tartars v. Wks. 1799 I. 52 A
stupendous edifice, the beams and pillars of itd are many
ranges of lofty hills, and the dome, one prodigious mountain. ]
185r Loncr. Goi, Leg. v. At Sea, The billows. .upon their
flowing dome... poise her, 1856 Srantey Sinai & Pal. x.
(1858) 366 Tabor with its rounded dome. 1882 Worcester
Exhib. Catal. iii, 58 Velvets ..‘studded’ with polished
domes. 1890 M. Townsenp U. S. 138 Carter Dome, New
Hampshire ; The Dome, State of New York.
5. Technical senses.
a. Manuf. The cover of a reverberatory furnace, etc.
1706 Puitrirs (ed. ties’ Dome..among chymists, a
kind of arched Cover for a Reverberatory Furnace. 1823
Specif, Fohnson's Patent No. 4747. 2 The.. uppermost
vessel. .must have a close dome or cover applied to it. 1854
Ronatps & RicHarpson Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) 1. 127 The
dome ought to be made as flat as possible consistent with
durability, in order to reflect the heat down upon the coal.
b. Cryst. quot.)
1863-72 Watts Dict. Chem. Il. 1 Dome, a term used to
designate a trimetric, monoclinic, or triclinic prism, whose
faces and edges are parallel to one of the secondary axes.
1895 Story-Masketyne Crystallogr. § 326 The term dome
is employed not in contradistinction to the term prism or
prismatia; but, like the latter term, conventionally and
merely to distinguish these forms from one another.
¢e. In Locomotive Engines, the raised conical part of the
boiler, forming a st hamber, the sé (Weale
Dict. Terms, 1849-50). In Railway Carriages, the raised
roof, forming a space for ventilation and light (Knight
Dict. Mech., 187
1841 Penny C:
parts are double. :
a. Watchmaking. The back part of the inner case of
a watch to which sometimes the works are attached.
.
vs XIX. 259/2 The steam-dome and similar
1884 F. J. Brrrten Watch § Clockm. 88 Used for attaching’
a watch movement to a dome case.
6. attrib. and Comd., as dome-case, -cover, -face,
Sorm, -head, -span, -spire, -theatre, -top, -vaulting ;
donte-like, -shaped adjs.
1797 College 6 Science trailed her pall Through the dome-
theatre and spacious hall. 1809 A. Henry 7vav. 128 Its
{the beaver’s] house has an arched dome-like roof. 1819
rani A Dome, Dome-vaulting. .is lighter than any
OL, .
593
that can cover the same area. 1832 G. R. Porter Porcelain
§ Gl. 60 The dome-shaped roof. 1849-50 WeaLe Dict.
Terms, Dome Cover, in locomotive engines, the brass or
copper cover which encloses the dome, to prevent the
radiation of heat. 1863-72 Warts Dict. Chem. 11.147 When
trimetric crystals are bounded only by prismatic and dome-
faces. 1895 Story-MASKELYNE Crystallogr. § 328 Dome-
forms with the general symbol (o%/).
Hence Do‘meless a., not having a dome.
or Atheneum 20 Aug. 232/3 In that domeless Dom-
kirche of Cologne.
Dome, v. [f. prec. sb.]
1. ¢rans. To cover with or as with a dome.
1876 Wuitney Sights & Jus. xxv. 248 An enlarged
chamber, almost .domed in by the deep scooped over-
leaning wall. 1885 Tennyson Early Spring i, [He] domes
the red-plow’d hills With loving blue. 1894 Barinc-
Goutp Deserts S. France II. xix. 88 To the Romans there
was no necessity for doming over quadrangular spaces.
‘To make dome-shaped.
1879 Cassell’s Techn. Educ. WV. 299/t And brings down
upon them a polished globular punch, which domes them
up. 4 Mrs. H. Warp Marcella I, 293 The roof had
been raised and domed.
3. intr. To rise or swell as a dome.
1887 Argosy Jan. 32 The cathedral towered, or rather
domed, above the ramparts. 1894 DoyLe S, Holnies 261
His forehead domes out in a white curve.
Dome, obs. form of Doom, Dovum.
Domed (dé"md), a. [f. Dome sd. or v. +-ED.]
1. Dome-shaped, made dome-like ; vaulted.
1778 in Lett. 1st Earl Malmesbury (1870) 1. 287 The
ceiling is domed, and beautifully painted. 1871 Darwin
Desc. Man U1. xv. 164 They build a domed nest, which is a
great anomaly in so large a bird. 1872 C. Kine A/ountain.
Sierra Nev. vii. 137 These domed mountains. 1879 Blackw,
Mag. Aug. 152 The dark Nubians..have domed foreheads.
2. Roofed with or possessing a dome or domes.
1855 Browninc Love among Ruins ii, The domed and
daring palace. 1863 Geo. Evior Rowola u. vi, He..looked
down on the domed and towered city. 1879 Sir G. Scorr
Lect. Archit, 11. 7 ‘The introduction into France of the
domed architecture by a colony of Greeks,
Domel, variant of DuMBLE.
Domelet (do -mlét). [f. Dome sd. +-LET.] A
miniature dome.
1883 R. F. Burton & Cameron Gold Coast for Gold 1. i.
19 The Estrella, whose dome and domelets, built to mimic
St. Peter's, look only like hen and chickens. 1892 Atheneum
2 July 38/2 A very low dome, or domelet.
oment (dzmént). dal. and vulgar. [f. Do
v.+-MENT.] A performance, ‘to-do’: see Do 50,1
1828 Craven Dialect, Dooment, deed, action, contest.
1831 Lincoln Herald 15 July 4/3 At the great Do, or
Doment..in honor of the Whig Ministry. 1889 NV. W.
Linc. Gloss. s.v., Ther'll be a fine doment when yung—
cums at aage. Thaay kicked up no end on a doment.
+ Domes-booke. 0és.= DomMEspDAy Book.
1610 Hotitanp Camden's Brit. 1. 234 In Edward the
Confessors time (as we read in Domes-booke of England) it
paied tribute.
Domesday (davmzdéa, di-mzdé). [f. démes
genitive of dém Doom +Day.] A Middle English
spelling of Doomsnay, day of judgement, now com-
monly used as a historical term, in the following:
Domesday Book, colloquially Domesday: the
name applied, from the 12th c., to the record
of the Great Inquisition or Survey of the lands of
England, their extent, value, ownership, and liabi-
lities, made by order of William the Conqueror in
1086. Extended to abstracts based upon that
record, such as the Exon Domesday.
(The name appears to have been derived directly from
Domesday the Day of the Last Judgement, and Domesday
Book the Book by which all men would be judged. It
originated as a popular appellation (see Déad. de Scacc.),
given to the Book as being a final and conclusive authority
on all matters on which it had to be referred to.]
1178 Dial. de Scaccario 1. xvi, Hic liber ab indigenis
Domesdei nuncupatur, id est, dies judicii per metaphoram :
sicut enim districti et terribilis examinis illius novissimi
sententia nulla tergiversationis arte valet eludi: sic ..sen-
tentia ejus [libri] infatuari non potest vel impune declinari.
Ob hoc nos eundem librum judiciarium nominavimus. 1485
Nottingham Rec. U1. 350 Libro de Domesday. a@ 1491
J. Ross Hist. Reg. Agi. (1716) 109 Redacta est dicta
descriptio in unum volumen..Nomen libri est Domesday.
1494 Fasyan Chron. vi. cxcvii. 202 An olde boke sometyme
in y® Guyldehall of London named Domys daye. 1570-6
LamparvDe Peramb. Kent (1826) 104 ‘The booke of the
generall survey of the Realme, which William the Con-
querour caused to bee made .. and to be called Domesday,
bicause (as Mathew Parise saith) it neared no man, but
iudged all men indifferently, as the Lord in that great
day will do. 1891 — Archeion (1635) 24 The Record of
which Survey was then called Doomes-day Book. 1614
Setpen Zittes Hon. 232 In that which we now call
Domesday, made and collected under William I. 1656
BiLount ee Dooms-day-book..wherein all the ancient
Demean Lands in this Nation are registred; It is so
called, because upon any difference, the parties received
their doom, 1701 De For 7rue-dorn Eng. 13 Doomsda
Book his Tyranny records. 1767 Biacxstone Cowen, II.
49 The compiling of the great survey called domesday-book.
1856 Emerson Eng. Traits, Truth Wks. (Bohn) II. 52 Down
‘oes the flying word on the tablets, and is indelible as
Racunitay Book. 1876 FreEMAN Norm. Cong. V. 476
Domesday still sets before us a most minute scale of classes.
b. Transferred to other like documents of
standard authority, such as the Domesday of St.
Pauls, the record of a survey of the capitular
estates in 1181; also fig. and allusively.
DOMESTIC.
1742 YounG Mt. Th, 11. 271 All-rapacious Usurers conceal
Their Doomsday-book from all-consuming heirs. 1749
Fietptnc Tom Fones 1x. i, The vast authentic doomsday-
book of nature. 1862-5 StanLey Yew. Ch. xii. 259 Which
has made the latter half of the Book of Joshua..the
Domesday Book of the Conquest of Palestine. 1865 NVavy
Docky. Expense Acc. (Blue Book 1. 465) Previous to the
year 1858-59 the expense accounts of ships and services
were transmitted annually from the Dockyards to the
Surveyor of the Navy..for recording in the ‘ Abstracts of
Progress’ or ‘Doomsday Book’ the expenditure incurred
on account of each ship. 1869 FREEMAN ori. Cong. (1875)
III. 300 A Domesday of the conquerors was..drawn up in
the ducal hall at Lillebonne, a forerunner of the great
Domesday of the conquered.
Domestic (dome'stik), @. and sb. Also 6-7
-ique, ick(e. [ad. L. domestic-us, f. domus house:
see Dome. In early form and use, immediately
through F. domestiqgue (14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).]
A. adj.
+1. Having the character or position of the in-
mate of a house; housed. 70 de domestic with
(of ): to be of the household of, at home with. Oés.
1521 Bradshaw's St. Werburge 2nd Ballad to Author 21
(1887) 201 Preserue his soule, and make hym domestique
Within the heuyns. 1632 Litucow 7'vav. 1. 67, I being
domestick with him the selfe same time. /é/d. vint. 358
(He] had turned Turke .. With whom I found Domesticke,
some fifteene circumsised English Runagates. 168 Cotvu.
Whigs Supplic, (1695) 27 Mercury. .hath no dwelling of his
own, But is Domestic of the Sun.
+b. Intimate, familiar, ‘at home’. Odés.
a1612 Donne Biadavartos (1644) 42 The knowledge therof
is so domestique, so neare, so inward to us, that our con-
science cannot slumber in it, nor dissemble it. 1647
CriareENDON //7st. Ned. 1. § 83 He .. was .. domestick with
all, and not suspected by either of the .. factions. 1948
Cuesterr. Lett. (1792) II. clxiv. 100 Domestic in the
best company and the best families. 1750 /éi¢. (1774) III.
152 An English minister shall have resided seven years at a
court.. without being intimate or domestic in any one house.
2. Of or belonging to the home, house, or house-
hold; pertaining to one’s place of residence or
family affairs; household, home, ‘ family ’.
1611 SHAKS, Cyd. 1. i. 65 Caesar, that hath moe Kings
his Seruants, then Thy selfe Domesticke Officers. 1632
Litucow 7vav. 1v. 363 Domesticke pastimes, as Chesse,
Cards, Dice, and Tables. 1664 Power Exp. PAilos. 1. 11
Of Domestick Spiders there are two sorts. 1681 ‘TEMPLE
Memoirs 11. Wks. 1731 1. 345, 1 was resolv’d to pass the
rest of my Life in my own Domestick, without troubling
my self further about any publick Affairs. 1764 Gotpsm.
Trav. 434 Domestic joy. 1830 D’Israett Chas. /, IL. vi.
110 Charles .. loved the privacy of domestic life. 1840
Dickens Barn, Rudge vii, Her single domestic servant,
+b. fig. Belonging to what concerns oneself.
1707 Norris 7veat. Humility vii. 315 Domestic ignorance,
the ignorance of our selves, and of what passes within our
own breast.
3. Of or pertaining to one’s own country or
nation; not foreign, internal, inland, ‘home’.
1545 Jove Exp. Dan, vii. (R.), Lo here maye ye see this
beast to be no stranger. .he sitteth in the temple of God, he
is therefore a domestyc enimye.- 1549 Compl. Scot. Prol.
16, I hef vsit domestic scottis langage, maist intelligibil for
the vigare pepil. 1665 Mantey Grotius’ Low-C. Warres
859 ‘That the contentions growing among Priests should be
decided by Domestique Judges, and not at Rome. 1719
W. Woop Surv. Trade 7 A great Part of our Domestick
‘Trade depends upon our Foreign Commerce. 1849 MAcAuLay
Hist, Eng. YW. 265 The whole domestic and foreign policy
of the English government.
b. Indigenous ; made at home or in the country
itself; native, home-grown, home-made.
1660 SHarrock Vegetadles 42 [It] makes the like impression
upon its domestique plants. 1713 BerKELEY Gvardian
No. 49 P 8 They [glasses] are domestic, and cheaper than
foreign toys. 1835 Ure Philos. Manuf. 77: Domestic
woollens and flannels.
4. Of animals: Living under the care of man, in
or near his habitations ; tame, not wild.
1620 VENNER Via Recta iii. 65 Domesticke or tame Ducks.
1632 J. Haywarp tr. Biondi’s Eromena 181 No small delight
. to See so timorous a creature growne so domesticke. 1856
Mrs. Browninc Aur, Leigh 1. 635 Tamed and grown
domestic like a barn-door fowl. 1859 Darwin Orig. Sec. i.
(1873) 14 The origin of. most of our domestic animals will
probably for ever remain vague.
+b. Of men: Having settled abodes; not
nomad orwild. Ods.
1632 Lirucow 7rav. vi. 291 Moores, Jews, domesticke
Arabians. '
5. Attached to home; devoted to home life or
duties ; domesticated.
1658 Davenant Play-House to be Let w. Dram. Wks.
1873 IV. 85 Kings, who move Within a lowly sphere of
private love, Are too domestic fora throne. 1751 JOHNSON
Rambler No. 153 ® 5 To me, whom he found studious and
domestick. 1837 J. H. Newman Par, Serm. (ed. 2) II. xx.
329 It is praiseworthy and right to be domestic.
B. sd.
+1. A member of a household; one who dwells
in the same house with another; an inmate; a
member of the family (including children and rela-
tives). (Zt. and jig.) Ods.
1539 Tonstatt Serm. Palm Sund. (1823) 56 Nowe ye be
not guestes and strangers, but ye be citisens and domestikes
of almyghty god. 1656 Finetr For, Ambass. 62 From that
time he had his accesses..to his Majesties presence as
a Domestique without Ceremony. a@1716 Soutn Serm, II.
xliii. (R.), A servant dwells..as a kind of foreigner under
the same roof; a domestick, and yet a stranger oe 1737
DOMESTICABLE,
Whiston Yosephus’ Antig. xvi. vii. § 4 Often did he lament
he wicked of his d ti 3
t
2. A household servant or attendant.
2613 Suaxs. Hen, VI//, u1. iv. 114 Where Powres are your
Retainers, and your words (Domestickes to you) serue your
will, Lisander & Cal. vi. 103 Besides the domestics
he sent for some of his tenants. 1711 Appison Sfect.
No. 106 P 2 His Domesticks are all in Years, and grown
old with their Master. 1845 Sternen Comm. Laws Eng.
(1874) II. 228 At a month's notice like a common domestic.
1848 Maurice Lord's Prayer (1861) 66 The relationship
between the master of a household and his di ic
+b. A domestic animal. Ods. rare.
1719 De For Crusoe 1. viii, My Pol .. began now to bea
mere domestic, 1742 J. Hitprop Aisc. Wks. (1754) L. 215
Continue, therefore, your wonted Care .. for your innocent
Domestics. did. 160. ‘
+8. An inhabitant of the same country; a native,
fellow-countryman. Obs.
1612-15 Br. Hatt Contempl., N. T. u. vi. Good Centurion,
If he were a foreigner for birth, yet he was a domestic in heart.
1675 Phil. Trans. X. 254 Supplies. .afforded me both by our
eminent Domesticks within his Majesties Dominions: and
also by Forrainers. 1682 Bunyan Holy War 313 Notable
service against the Domesticks.
+b. An indigenous plant. Obds.
1672 Grew Anat. Plants, Idea Philos. Hist. § 8 All
Exoticks..may aac be reduced to some such Do- |
mesticks, unto which they may bear the best Resemblance.
4. pl. Articles of home produce or manufacture ;
esp., in U.S., home-made cotton cloths, bleached or
unbleached, for common use.
1622 Matynes Anc, Law-Merch. 2 When mankind was
propagated into an infinite number, and the domestiques
or neere hand commodities were not sufficient for their
sustenance in some countries, and in other countries were
ouer aboundant. 1846 Worcester, Domestic ..a sort of |
American cotton cloth. 1864 R. A. ArNotp Cotton Fam. 26
That large class of fabrics known in the trade as ‘ domestics’,
of which shirting and sheeting form a large part.
5. “A carriage for general use’ (Simmonds Dict.
Trade 1858).
Hence Dome'sticism, devotion to home life;
Dome'sticness, domesticity.
1643 W. Greennitt 4-re at Root A iij b, It's domestick-
nes of spirit. 1 R. Bace Barham Downs II. 344 Our
happy domesticism has undergone nochange. 1879 Farrar
St. Paul I. 509 The ignorant domesticism which was the
only recognised virtue of her sex.
Dome'sticable, «. [f. med.L. domestica-re
to DoMESTICATE + -BLE.] Capable of being dome-
sticated or tamed.
1806 W. Taytor in Ann. Rev. IV. 35 The elephant and
the hippopotamus .. both appear domesticable. 1883 F.
Gatton Ing. Hum, Faculty 245 All domesticable animals
of any note have long fallen under the yoke of man.
+ mestical (dome'stikal), a. and 5b. Obs.
or arch. [f. L. domestic-us DOMESTIC + -AL.
(Much used in 16-17th c.)]
A. adj. 1. =Domestic a. 2.
1459 Sir J. Fastoe Wil/ in Paston Lett. 1. 457 My right
trusty chapeleyn and servaunt domysticall. 1594 Hooker
Eccl. Pol. wu. vi, In their domesticall celebration of the
passeouer. 1664 Evetyn Sy/va (1776) 226 Domestical
utensils, as baskets, bags. 1737 Wxiston Fosephus’ Hist.
1. xxii. §1 Raising him up domestical troubles. 1856 Emer-
son Eng. Traits, Relig. Wks. (Bohn) II, 96 A massive
system. .at once domestical and stately.
b. =Domestic a. 2 b.
1586 Bricut Melanch. xii. 62 Inward and domesticall, in
that it proceedeth from a natural power. 1605 ‘limME
Quersit. 1. ii. 48 The domesticall enemies which are within
mans body.
2. = Domestic a. 3, 3 b.
153r Etyot Gov, 11. vi. (1883) 60 We lacke nat of this
vertue domisticall examples, I meane of our owne kynges of
Englande. 1570-6 Lamparve Peramd, Kent (1826) 313 The
domesticall and foreigne affaires of the Realme. 1610
Guitum Heraldry i. x. (1660) 149 Some [Plants] are
forrein, and some Domesticall. 1655 Futter CA. Hist. vu.
i. § 21 Domestical dissentions of his own Subjects.
3. = Domestic a. 4.
1 Butteyn Bk. Simples (1579) 77 Domesticall or yard
foules. 1634 T. Jounson Parey's Chirurg. 11. (1678) 44 The
Camel is a very domestical and gentle Hast. 1677 Hate
Prim, Orig. Man, i. ix. 208 Animals, .that are domestical,
and not for food, as Cats and Dogs. :
b. Of plants: Cultivated, not wild.
i Lyre Dodoens w. xviii. 473 The Domesticall, or
husbandly beanes, do growe in feeldes and gardens. did.
xxii. 479 The domestical or tame Ciches.
4. Familiar, homely. |
1563 Wingzer Agst. Hereseis 1. xxviii. Wks. 1890 II. 60
Gif we sal begin to mixt..vncouth and strange thingis with
domestical materis. 1578 Banister //ist, Man iv. 52 In our
domesticall phrase. 1 Hevwoop Diai. iv. Wks. 1874
VI. 156 O Jupiter... That art domesticall and hospitable.
B. sb. A member of the household ; a household
servant ; =DoMESTIC 5s, I, 2.
cxsgo tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden) I. 110 Hee
tooke deliberation of his domesticalls and generallieall his
princes. 1582 N. T. (Rhem.) ZA. ii.19 You are citizens of
the sainctes, and the domesticals of God. 1639 T. Brucis
tr. Camus’ Mor, Relat. 228 This youth was one of Fursees
domesticals,
Hence Domestica‘lity, domestic ar:
1819 W. Taytor in Monthly Rev. LXXXVIII. 225 His
very reflections have a domesticality of character.
e‘stically, adv. [f. DomesricaL a.+
-LY *,] In a domestic manner ; in, or in reference
to, the house, home, or ak ; with regard to
domestic or home affairs ; familiarly.
594
1576 Newton Lemnie's Complex. (1633) 80 To chan
that order of life, which by long use pont Hat -—
hath frequented. a@1667 Cowtry Verses & Ess., Agric.
1669) 104 Augustus had desir’d Meczenas md poeoony him
Horace] to come and live domestically, and at the same |
able with him. 1791-1823 D’Israeti Cur, Lit., [ntrod.
Tea, Coffee, etc., Probably, tea was not in general use
domestically so late as in 1687. 1792 Burke Corr. IV. 21
All is well with us, and so far as concerns us, directly and
domestically. 1885 Westmid. Gaz. 2 Jan. 8/2 Grati to
see the Queen's youngest daughter settled domestically.
+ Dome’ t, a Obs. rare, [ad. L,
domesticant-em, pr. pple. of domesticare : see next.]
Making its home ; dwelling, residing.
—_ Sir E. Derine Sf. Relig. 71 The power .. was vir-
tually residing and d icant in the plurality of his
Assessors. .
Domesticate (domestikeit), v. [f. ppl. stem
of med.L. domesticare to dwell in a house, to
accustom (Du Cange), f. domestic-us DOMESTIC :
cf. F. domestiquer (15th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).]
1. “rans. To make, or settle as, a member of a
household ; to cause to be at home; to naturalize.
a 1639 [see DomesticaTepD]. a@1773 Cuesterr. (Mason),
Domesticate yourself there, while you stay at Naples. 1862
Gou.surn Educ. World in Replies Ess. & Rev. g \t domesti-
cated many of them in different parts of the heathen world.
1878 GLapstone Prim. Homer vii. 97 An element in the
Greek nation originally foreign, but now domesticated.
b. transf. and fig. To make to be or to feel ‘at
home’ ; to familiarize.
1841-4 Emerson £ss., Art Wks. (Bohn) I. 150, I now
require this of all pictures, that they domesticate me, not
that they dazzle me, 1874 Sayce Compar. Philol.v. 179
The mental faculties of one people are domesticated, as it
were, into the ways of thought ag another.
2. To make domestic; to attach to home and its
duties.
1748 Ricuarpson Clarissa Wks. 1883 VIII. 437 A circum-
stance which generally“lowers the spirit of the ladies, and
domesticates them. 1863 Miss Power Arad. Days & N.
130 [They] easily become domesticated (as lady-companions
and housekeepers now describe themselves in_advertise-
ments to be). 1895 West. Gaz. 25 July 2/3 The efforts
which are being made to domesticate the teaching.
3. To accustom (an animal) to live under the
care and near the habitations of man; to tame or
bring under control ; ¢ransf. to civilize.
GF Eart Mono. tr. Biondi's Hist. Civ. Warres 1. iv-v.
145 Ireland, where the wisedome and valour of the Duke of
Yorke had domesticated a savage people. 1805 Luccock
Nat. Wool 29 The first flock, which is minutely described ..
was perfectly domesticated. a Orig. Spec.i.(1873)
14 There is hardly a tribe so barbarous, as not to have
domesticated at least the dog.
+4. intr. (for ref.) To live familiarly or at
home (with); to take up one’s abode. Oés.
1 H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1859) 1. 305, I would
rather .. see her married to some honest and tender-hearted
man, whose love might induce him to domesticate with her.
1796 CocerincE (title of poem) To a young friend, on his
proposing to domesticate with the author, 1812 SHELLEY
in Dowie Life (1887) 1. 230, I shall try to domesticate in
some antique feudal castle.
Dome'sticated, f7/. a. [f. prec. + -ED!.]
Made domestic or familiar ; tamed, naturalized.
a 1639 Wotton in Relig. Wotton. 366 (T.) Being now
familiarized and domesticated evils. 1802 Parey Nat.
Theol. xvi. (1827) 497/1 The sheep in the domesticated state.
1838 Dickens Mem. Grimaldi u, He had always been a
domesticated man, delighting. .in the society of his relations
and friends. 1863 Lyrit Antig. Man 14 There are..no
signs of any domesticated animals except the dog.
mestication (dome:stikéfon). ‘f. of ac-
tion from DoMESTICATE: see -ATION: so in F,]
The action of domesticating, or the condition of
being domesticated.
1774 Kames Sk. Hist. Man II. 13 (Jod.) The same
discipline obtains even after domestication. 1845 Darwin
Voy. Nat. viii. (1879) 150 Animals that readily enter into
domestication. Gro. Extor F, Holt UI. xliv. 192
Her domestication with this family.
Dome'sticative, a. rare. [f. ppl. stem of
med.L. domesticdre + -1VE.] Tending to domesti-
cate, productive of domestication.
In recent Dicts. . ,
Dome'sticator. [agent-n. in L. form from
med.L. domesticare to DomesticatE.] One who
domesticates ; a tamer. t
1872 Bacenor Physics § Pol. (1876) 51 Man..was oblig
to be his own domesticator. 1894-5 Q. Rev. Current Hist,
IV. 700 The domesticator of animals.
Domesticity (démesti'siti), [f Domxsrie a.
+-1TY : cf. F. domesticité (1690 in atz.-Darm.).]
“1. The quality or state of being domestic, do-
mestic character; home or family life ; devotion to
home; homeliness.
17ax Batey, Domesticity, the being a servant. Le
Ayurre Par L,), Great familiarity is included under
the notion of friendship and domesticity, as living together
in the same house, and the like. 1827 Sourney Lett. (1856)
1V. 49 You would infer.,that there is more domesticity . .in
Holland, than in any other, country. 1874 L. STErHEN
Bee |
|
|
|
DOMICILE.
2. We Decsestic affairs or arra ts.
+ Mat in Four C. Eng. Lett. Since
age dtertined bemade acquainted with our ici \ aig
aati the iemedensed lian te heats ee
Domesticize (dome'stisaiz), v. [f. Domestic
.+-1z8.] trans. =DOMESTICATE.
1 t Mono. Advt. fr. Parnass. 63 Fair treatment
doth d ichize even age beasts. SouTHey
Doctor 1. xxix. 286 That most t, saluti and
domesticising beverage [tea]. Univ. Rev. Jan. 13 If
.. electric power as a motive admit of being domesti-
cized, and so bring back the system of cottage labour.
+ Dome , adv. Obs. [f. Domestic a. +
-LY oF = DOMESTICALLY.
1 ITHGOW Trav. vil. 350 Sent backe to the Governour
with whom I was domestickly reserved. 1755 CHESTERF.
World No. 151 She is..so d i
ly tame.
Domett (dp'mét). [perh. from a proper name.]
"A kind of textile fabric: see quots.
Boorn Anal. Dict. Eng. 182 A kind of plain cloth,
of which the warp is cotton and the weft woollen, is called
Domett, or Cotton-flannel. 1882 Beck Draper's Dict.,
Domett, a \oosely-woven a of flannel, with cotton
warp and woollen weft, generally employed for shrouds, and
sometimes in the place of wadding by dressmakers.
Domeykite (domékait’. A/in. [Named 1845,
after Domeyko, a Chilian chemist and mineralo-
gist.] A native arsenide of copper of a greyish
or tin-white metallic appearance.
1850 Dana Min. 513 Arseni' of
with domeykite. :
Domic dé™mik), a. [f. Dome sb. + -1c.] =
next.
1823 P. Nicnotson Pract. Build. 153 Large roofs, con-
A
ae 0 enn
| structed of a domic form.
= aee SS
Domical (dé"-mikal), a. [f. Dome (or its ety-
mon) + -IC +-AL.]
1. Of, pertaining to, or like a dome; vaulted.
1846 Worcester cites Loupon. Freeman Archit. 1.1.
i. 39 The curved shape. .from which the domical appearance
results. 1856 RusKin Mod. Paint. 1V.v. App. ii, The ap-
rently domical form of the a — Fors Clav. vi.
une 12 A white blouse. .and a d felt hat.
2. Characterized by domes or dome-like structure.
Domical church, one of which the characteristic feature
is a dome or series of domes. ;
1861 Sat. Rev. X1. 580/1 The wonderful domical cathedral
of Perigueux. 1879 in G. Scorr Lect. Archit. 1. 76 In the
celebrated domical churches of Perigord and Angoumois.
Hence Do‘mically adv., in the manner or form
of a dome. In recent Dicts.
+ Domice'llary, a. Ods. rare. [f. med.L. domi-
cellaris, -cillaris (Du Cange).] = DomicILiaR,
1727-51 Cuamuers Cyci. s.v. Canon, i Canons
were young Canons, who, not being in orders, no right
in any particular chapters. N
+ ‘Domicelle. Obs. rare. (ad. med.L, domicella,
also domnicella, dim. of domina; see DAMSEL.]
A young lady, a damsel.
1460 Carcrave Chron. (1858) 263 Sche broute oute of
Frauns xii. chares ful of ladies and domicelles.
Domicile (dp'misil, -sail), sd. Also 6-7 -cill(e,
7-9 -cil. [s F. domicile (14th’c. in Hatz.-
Darm,), ad. L. domicili-um habitation, dwelling,
deriv. of domus house.]
1. A place of residence or ordinary habitation ;
bode ; a house or home. Also
cf
©1477 Caxton Yason 36 Thalyaunce of my frende and of
my Toaycille. 1549 Com, cot. Epist. 7 Fureous mars,
that hes violent! compas the domicillis of tranquil pace.
1s99 A. M., tr. lhouer’s Bk. Physichke 55 Vake .. the
Senta snayles, with their domicills, Bacon Adv.
Learn, u. it. § 4 That — of ee which answereth
to one of the cells, domiciles, or offices of the understanding ;
which is that of the memory, 1794 Sir W. Jones Oni.
Menu vi. 43 Let him have no cul ay Secy no domicil.
= tone Hist. Philos. (1867) I. 188 That a Tub could
sul i from
f domicile Aristophanes.
R. Euus Catullus Till. 33, ie be with the snows, the ti
beasts, in a wintery domicile.
2. Law. The place where one has his home or
ent residence, to which, if absent, he has the
intention of pres. 9 : cial ,
766-80 A NSFIELD In Burrows Se lement Cases
No 134. "421 (Jod.) The master’s place of abode, his domicil,
can never su to be at h.
Beut Dict. Law Scot. s.v., Where a company fas a domicile
in more than one country, in bankruptcy in
any one. the Some Seta as Boas
estate of the entire concern, FE
Gaius mt. (ed, 2) 336 — is the place which a an
I ily ch for his
Mian Lat, Che. (1864) IX. x1v. v. 200 [The] first dor ir
(of the new Italian language] was the court of Frederick IL
b. The fact of being resident ; residence.
1835 LY eed a pane ad tr )y, The Pp
dence fort 's constitutes a
Jurisdiction in Stotland.. 1862 Lond. Rev. 30 Aug. 180 The
American domicile does not take away the gover eels
State to which the forei g' 1g
Sik seasealh Lyeut Antig. Man 2 A place not
Hours in Library (1892) II. iii. 74 A i 1,
with no talent for domesticity. ? .
b. The quality of being a domestic animal. .
1830 Lye Princ, Geol. (1875) U1. ut. xxxvi. 314 Domes-
ticity eliminates the tendency. 1842 Pricnarp Nat, Hist.
Man 37 The most marked sign of domesticity in our
European goats.
for his pr
only of domicile, but of sepulture.
3. Comm. The place at which a bill of exchange
K seg ag. Corr, 26 The bank or other
. le . or
B. J vill is made ya .is called the domicile of the
bill, which is said to Be domiciled there,
DOMICILE.
Domicile (see prec.), v. [f. prec. sb.]
1. trans. To establish in a domicile or fixed
residence ; to settle in a home.
x Tomuns Law Dict. s.v. Domicile, The county in
which he was'domiciled at the time of his death. 1822 J.
Jexyit Let. 31 Dec. in Corr. (1894) 132 The Hollands were
domiciled in Burlington Street. 1862 Lond. Rev. 30 Aug.
180 Aliens who are domiciled in America without having
become citizens in the fullest sense.
b. transf. and fig.
lene we C. Mancan Poems (1859) 387 Souls wherein dull
Time Could domicile decay or house Decrepitude. 1874
Manarry Soc. Life Greece ix. 278 Medicine had been long
domiciled at Athens. i
2. Comm. To make (a bill of exchange, etc.)
payable at a certain place.
1809 R. Lancrorp /utrod. Trade 18 He should write on it
with his acceptance, the address where it will be honoured ;
such bills are termed domiciled. 1882 Birnett Counting-
ho. Dict., s.v., All the Brazilian loans are said to be domi-
ciled at Messrs. N. M. Rothschild & Sons.
3. intr. (for vefl.). To have one’s home, dwell.
1831 Fraser's Mag. V. 2 She domiciles far down in pebbled
well. 1834 Mepwin Angler in Wales 1. 166 God forbid
that the white ants should ever domicile here.
Hence Do'miciled f//. a., Do'miciling v//. sé. ;
also Do'micilement, the act of domiciling or fact
of being domiciled.
1855 Mitman Lat. Chr. (1864) IX. xiv. vii. 228 Each was
a domiciled stranger. 1858 Simmonps Dict. Trade, Domi-
ciled Bill, a bill not made payable at the residence or place
of business of the acceptor, but directed for payment by the
acceptor at the time of his acceptance. 1885 CLopp J/yths
& Dr. 1. iv. 71 After the domiciling of the stories. 1888
Charity Organiz. Rev. Apr. 141 Laws of Aethelstan on the
domicilement of lordless men.
+ Domici'liar, @.and sd. Obs. rare. [f. L.
type *domictlidr-ts (see next and -AR).]
A. adj. Of or pertaining to one’s domicile.
1655 tr. De Parc’s Francion vu. 27 To be brought before
udge natural, and domiciliar, as in an Action purely
personal. aa
B. sb. Short for domictliar canon, a canon of a
minor order having no voice in a chapter. [cf.
med.L. domicillaris canonicus, junior canonicus cui
necdum est jus Capituli’ (Du Cange).]
1761 Sterne 77. Shandy IV.i, The dean of Strasburg,
the prebendaries, the capitulars and domiciliars. .all wished
they had followed the nuns of Saint Ursula’s example.
Domiciliary (dpmisi‘liari), 2. (sd.) [ad. L.
type *domiciliart-us, f. domictlium ; cf. corresp. F.
domiciliaire (16th. c.).]
1. Pertaining to, relating to, or connected with a
domicile or residence.
Domiciliary visit, a visit to a private dwelling, by official
persons, in order to search or inspect it.
*790 Het. M. Wituiams Lett. France (1795) I. vii. 174
(Jod.) Those domiciliary visits, which were so often repeated.
1797 W. Taytor in Monthly Rev. XXIV. 495 Domiciliary
visits were a by the police. 1849 Macautay /ist.
Eng. I. iii. 287
domiciliary visits. 1885 L’pood Merc. 14 Aug. 5/3 Torevolu-
tionise the social and domiciliary condition of the labourers.
2. Zool. Of or pertaining to the general integu-
ment or structure occupied in common by infusoria
or other animals of low organization.
In recent Dicts. . os
B. sé. One belonging to a domicile ; a domestic.
1845 StrocquELer Handbk. Brit. India (1854) 166 The two
wings .. are allotted to the residence of professors, pupils,
and domiciliaries.
Domiciliate (dpmisi‘lije't), v. [f. L. domi-
cilt-um, prob. after F. domicilier: cf. -aTE 8 6.]
1. trans. To establish in a domicile, home, or
place of residence ; to domicile, Also fg.
1778 Burke Corr. (1844) II. 244 The very good-natured .,
letter ., in a manner, domiciliated me already under the_
friendly roof you invited me to, 1808 WELLINGTON in Gurw.
Desp. 1V.130 Subjects of France. .domiciliated in Portugal.
1854 De Quincey A utobiog. Sk. Wks. II. 190 His purpose
was to domiciliate himself in this beautiful scenery.
b. intr. (for refi.)
1815 J. WiLson in Four C. ue Lett, 466 We domiciliated
with many [folks in the Hig lands). 1823 Lams Lett.
oe) II. 81 Just as I had learned to domiciliate there,
must come back to find a home which is no home.
2. trans. = DOMICILE 2. 2.
1879 Escort England I. 200 A foreign country in need of
a wid always tries to domiciliate it in London.
+3. To accustom to a house or permanent dwell-
ing-place ; to domesticate (animals’. Ods. rare.
1782 Pownatt Study of Antig. 61 (T.) The propagation
. of the domiciliated animals. 1816 Kreatince 7vav. (1817)
I. 76 Who had domiciliated the birds of the air. /did. 339
A primitive domiciliated people dwelling in hamlets.
ence Domici'liated f//. a.
1782 [see sense 3h 1819 Jas. Witson Comp. Dict. Astroi.,
Domiciliated, a planet is so called when in its house. 1849
Grote Greece u. Ixi. (1862) V. 310 Now began that incessant
marauding of domiciliated enemies. _
Do:micilia‘tion. [f. prec. vb.: see -aTIon.]
1. The action of domiciliating, or condition of
being domiciliated ; settlement in a home.
1816 Kratince 7rav. (1817) II. 162 As the Loire is ap-
proached, domiciliation thickens over the country. 185
Tait's Mag. XVIII. 634 putes my domiciliation among
them, I was received..as ohe of the family, 1859 Moz.ry
Ess., Indian Conversion (1878) I1. 348 This domiciliation of
modern science and the useful arts in India,
!
tax .. could be levied only by means of _
595
+2. =Domestication. Odés. rare.
1775 Romans //ist. Florida 174 If instead of wantonly
destroying this excellent beast [buffalo] .. we were to en-
deavour its domiciliation.
Domiculture (dgmikzltit:). rare. [f. L.
dom-us house, after agricelture.} ‘That which
relates to household affairs; the art of house-
keeping, cookery, etc. ; domestic economy’.
1860 WorcesTER cites R. Park.
+ Domify, v. Astrol. Obs. [a. F. domifer
(1558 in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. med.L. domtficare to
build houses (13th c. in Du Cange), f. domus
house: see -Fy.] ‘vans. To divide (the heavens)
into twelve equal parts or ‘houses’ by means of |
great circles; to locate (the planets) in their re-
spective ‘ houses’, Hence Do'mifying vd/. sd. and
ppl. a.; also Domifica‘tion [so in Fr.].
c1430 Lypc. Bochas (1554) 222, I can..in the starres
search out no difference By domifying, nor calculation. 1509
Hawes Past’ Pleas. 40 Of the vi. planettes he knewe so
perfytly ‘he operacions, how they were domified. 1603
Frorio Montaigne u. xii. (1632) 315 Jugling tricks, en-
chantments .. prognostications, domifications. 1690 Ley-
BouRN Curs. Math. 390 Alcabitius would have the xii
Houses of Heaven to be divided by Domifying Circles, or
Circles of Position drawn from the Poles of the World
through every 30th deg. of the Equator, 1727-51 CHAMBERS
Cycl., Domifying, Domification. :
|| Domina (dp-mina). [L.; = mistress, lady.]
+1. A lady of rank (see quot.) Ods.
1706 Puiiuips (ed. Kersey), Domina, Dame, Lady, a Title
formerly given to those honourable Women that held a
Barony in their own Right of Inheritance.
2. The superior of a nunnery.
1751 T. Gorpon Another Ci ee for Low Spirits Il. 15
[St. Agatha] was the Domina of a Nunnery. 1819 T’. Hore
Anastasius 1, iv, 83 (Stanf.) The very domina who had
excited the oracular dignity of one of the party.
Dominance (df‘minains\. [f. Dominant a.:
see -ANCE. Cf, OF. dominance (15th c. in Godef.).]
The fact or position of being dominant; para-
mount influence, ascendancy, dominion, sway.
1819 G.S. Faser Disfensations (1823) I. 89 That..period,
which the bishop would allot to the dominance of mere
natural religion, 1881 J. Pacerin Nature No. 614. 327 The
dominance of doctrine has promoted the habit of inference,
and repressed that of careful observation and induction.
Do'minancy. [f. as prec.: see -ancy.] Do-
minant quality, position, or condition,
1841 G. S. Faser Provinc. Lett. (1844) 1. 82 Before the
Roman [empire] came upon the stage of dominancy. 1847
Tait’s Mag. X1V.230 Exercising the dominancy ofa superior
will and intellect over his inferiors.
Dominant (dg-minant), a. and sd. [a. F. do-
minant (13th-14thc. in Hatz.-Darm.), f. L. domn-
ant-em, pr. pple. of dominari to DoMINATE.]
1. Exercising chief authority or rule; ruling,
governing, commanding ; most influential.
¢1532 Drewes Jutrod. Fr. in Palsgr. 1073 The qualytes
shag domynant in the same. 1652 GauLe Magastrom,
243 Few live who, when they are born, have Saturne
dominant in their horoscope. 1680 Woop Life (Oxf. Hist.
Soc.) II. 497 An odde feaverish sickness dominant in the
Universitie. @ 1796 Reip(Mason) There are different orders
of monads..the higher orders Leibnitz calls dominant; such
is the human soul. 1813 Sourney in Q. Rev. X. 102 The
dominant party persecuted both in duty and in self-defence.
1871 Darwin Desc. Mav I. ii, 60 Dominant languages and
dialects..lead to the gradual extinction of other tongues.
2. Occupying a commanding position.
1854 J. S. C. Apporr Nafoleon (1855) I. xxxvi. 561 To
take possession of the dominant points of the globe. 1860
TynvaLt Glac. 1. xi. 81 We were dominant over all other
mountains, 1871 — Fragm. Sc. (1879) 1. vi. 205 Lying in..
a bay, sheltered by dominant hills. i Nature 23 July
267 Dominant trees, with their head well above the others.
3. Rom. Law. Dominant land, tenement : ‘the
tenement or subject in favour of which a servi-
tude exists or is constituted’ (Bell Dict. Law
Scot.).
1754 Erskine Princ. Sc. Law (1809) 225 If the rent be
payable in meal, flour, or malt, the grain of which these
are made must be manufactured in the dominant mill. 1871
Marksy Elem. Law § 371 Adopting the language of the
Roman Law, English lawyers call the land to which the
easement is attached the dominant land, and the land over
which it is exercised the servient land. 1875 Poste Gaius
ui, (ed. 2) 166 Right of way for beast and man .. over the
servient tenement to the dominant tenement.
4. Mus. [attrib. use of B. 1 b.] Belonging or
relating to the dominant or fifth of the key ; having
the dominant for its root, as dominant chord,
dominant seventh, etc. °
1819 Pantologia s.v., The dominant or sensible chord is
that which is practised upon the dominant of the tone.
1875 Ousetey Harmony ii. 16. 1880 Statner Composition
§ 26 The third of the minor scale is commonly treated as a
dominant discord, 1880 C. H. H. Parry in Grove Dict,
Mus, 1. 674 The modern Dominant Harmonic Cadence ..
defines the key absolutely.
5. Math. Dominant branch of a tree, one con-
taining half or more of all the knots of a ‘tree’,
B. sd.
1. Mus. +a. In the ecclesiastical modes: ‘The
predominating sound in each mode, the note on
which the recitation is made in each Psalm or
Canticle tone’ (Helmore in Grove Dict. Mus.) ;
:
DOMINATION.
usually a fifth above the ‘final’ in the authentic
modes, and a third above it in the plagal. Ods.
1823 Crass Technol. Dict. s.v. 1880 T. Hetmore in
Grove Dict. Mus. I. 626 To the 4 Authentic, St. Gregory
added 4 ‘ Plagal’.. modes..The Dominants of the new
scales are in each case a third below those of the old ones,
C being however substituted for B§ in the Hypo-mixo-
lydian.
b. In modern Music: The fifth note of the scale
of any key ; which is of special importance in rela-
tion to the harmonies of that key. (Also /zg.)
1819 [see 4 above]. 1855 Browninc Toccata of Galuppi's
viii, Hark—the dominant’s persistence till it must be
answered to! 186r Dora GreEeNweELL Poems 133, | would
find My soul’s true Dominant. 1867 Macrarren Harmony
needs
2. Math.: see quot.
1881 Syivester in Educat. Times XXXIV. 100 The
dominant of a set of numbers meaning the greatest one of
them without respect to sign. pies
Hence Do-minantly adv., in a dominating way ;
so as to dominate or sway.
1868 Contemp. Rev. VIL. 155 A vital factor which has
dominantly entered into .. national life. 1869 /é/d. XI.
447 The dominantly Jewish character of the population.
Dominate (do-mineit), v. [f. L. dominat- ppl.
stem of domindri to bear rule, govern, lord it, f.
domin-us lord, master : cf. F. dominer.]
1. ¢vans. To bear rule over, control, sway; to
have a commanding influence on; to master.
1611 Florio, Dominare, to rule, to dominate, to sway,
1613 SHERLEY Tvav. Persia 55 Hee that..can dominate
his passions. 1775 tr. SP. Sonn. in 7wiss’ Trav. App. (T.)
He w. dominated by his step-mother. 1859 ‘THACKERAY
Virgin. vy, Her power over him was gone. He had domi-
nated her. 1870 Huxtey Lay Serm. iii, (1878) 50 The
Germans dominate the intellectual world.
2. intr. To bear sway, exercise control ; to pre-
dominate, prevail ; to lord over.
1818 in Topp. 1837 Cartyte #7. Rev. III. v1. i, Re-
publicanism dominates without and within. 1837-9 Haram
Hist, Lit. ui, ii. (L.), The system of Aristotle .. still domi-
nated in the Universities. 1869 Farrar Mav. Speech iii.
(1873) 86 This. .was..dominated over by a small aristocracy
of Aryan warriors.
b. Nom. Law. Cf. DoMINANT a. 3.
1832 AustIN Furispr. (1879) IL. 1. 845 The parcel of land,
the owner or occupier whereof hath the right of servitude is
said to dominate over the land from the owner or occupier
whereof the corresponding duty is owned.
3. txans. To ‘command’ as a height ; also fg.
1833 L. Ritcnie Wand. by Loire 112 A colossal rock
which dominates the whole town. 1878 Bosw. Situ
Carthage 420 This hill.,dominates the plain, the harbours
and the isthmus behind it, 1878 BrownincG Poets Croisic
77 From where, high-throned, they dominate the scene. |
b. zztr. To occupy a commanding position
(over).
1816 KEATINGE 7'av. (1817) I. 100 It is indeed the com-
manding ground of Madrid. .but it does not dominate over
the town. 1860 ‘TYNDALL Glac. u. viii. 267 The moraine ..
rises upon its ridge of ice, and dominates. .over the surface
of the glacier.
Hence Dominated, Dominating Af/. ads.
1611 SreeD Hist, Gt. Brit. 1x. xx. (1632) 972 A Lady,
bred vpinadominating Family. 1700 DrypEN Cock & Fox
161, I..thus conclude my theme, ‘The dominating humour
makes the dream. 1885 A thenxust 5 Dec. 725/1 The domi-
nating influences of a particular period. 1891 Nature 23
July 267 A portion of the dominated trees being removed.
Domination (dpminéifan). [a. F. domination
(12th c.), f. L. domindtion-em, n. of action f. dome-
nari to DOMINATE.]
1. The action of dominating; the exercise of
ruling power; lordly rule, sway, or control;
ascendancy. ‘+b. A lordship or sovereignty (0ds.).
¢ 1386 Cuaucer Pard. Prol. § 7.232 In whom pat drynke
hath dominacion, He kan no conseil kepe. 1483 Caxton
Cato A viij b, The kynges and prynces haue domynacions
and lordshippes. 1490 — Exeydosi.13 Pryam was subdued
and putte vnder the sharpe domynacyon of the grekes.
1585 T. Wasuincton tr. Nicholay's Voy. 1. ix. 43 Gave
unto him..the Lordship and domination over thys yle. 1654
tr. Scudery’s Curia Pol. 86 The people found themselves
happy under his domination. 1880 G. Durr in 19th Cent.
No. 38. 666 To keep up the horrible Turkish domination in
Armenia.
++c. Predominance, prevalence. Ods.
1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 3 A myxture of syluer
and golde.. wherin y® syluer hath dominacion. 1563 W.
FutkeE eteors (1640) 63 Upon the mixtion of these colours,
or chiefe domination of them, all things have their colour.
+2. The territory under rule ; adominion. Oés.
c1440 Carcrave Life St. Kath. v.'265 In what parti he‘
dwelled of his domynacyon. 1535 Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 26.
§ 1 His subiectes of his saide dominacion of Wales. 1654 tr.
Scudery’s Curia Poi, 68 The Romans advanced not their
names, nor inlarged their Dominations but by Conquests.
3. 1. The fourth of the nine orders of angels in
the Dionffsian hierarchy; a conventional repre-
sentation of these in art. Cf. DomInIon 4, and see
note s.v. CHERUB.
[1388 Wyciir Zfh. i. 21 Ech principat, and potestat, and
vertu, and domynacioun [so TinpaLe, Geneva, Rhem.).]
1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R.11.xii.(1495) 38 The fourth ordre
is Domynacyones, 1500-20 Dunsar Poents x. 9 Archangellis,
angellis, and dompnationis, Tronis, potestatis, and marteiris
seir, 1 Mitton P. ZL, v. 601 Hear all Bg Angels ..
Thrones, Dominations, Princedoms, Vertues, Powers. 1847
Lp, Linpsay Chr. Art I. 134 A ‘throne’, for instance, is
seated on a throne; a ‘di ion’ holds * Ha
-2
DOMINATIVE.
Dominative (dg'minetiv), a. (ad. med.L. do- |
minativ-us, ¥. dominatif, -ive (Oresme, 14th c.) ;
596 ~
+b. To assume lordly airs; to la’
hie feo 3 to swagger, play
DOMINICAN.
Lord's, Dovinicas Gay : the Lord's day, Sunday.
Dominical year: the year Lord.
see DoMINATE and -IVE. | 1607 Torse. FourS. Botts (658) 3 376 In this ation. he BE he at Fmai, Nene Ind. nnd He came thether
good time, until at a stranger ving called y. 1560
1. sap. the quality of ruling or dominating; | Oftentimes seen both Lions and knew it for an ass in | Netw Catech. or It is the » that i to
of lordly authority, | a Lion’s skin. Find Drvven Kind Kpr. 1. i, He rants and | say, the the Lars N.T. (then Rev. i. 10, 7 was in
1599 Sanpys Europe Spec. (1632) 57 The Princes in — domineers, He swaggers and swears. 1719 D'Urrey Pills on the day. ¢ 3645 Howett 1688)
Majestie and soveraigntie of power ; the Nobilitie in aie. | (1872) IV.’ 193 Wher he had the money in his Purse, He . 472 The Dominical Prayer, the Apostlical’
dome and dominative vertue .. are respectable and domineered and vapoured. cy hg Foote Mayor of G.1. Ws. 1743. Fievoinc ¥ Wild u. After the exercise of the
able. Sranzey (ist, Philos. XII, (1701) 613 Domestic 1799 I. 173, She ions now and then hector a little; and . dominical day is over. lint hoes Hen, VIII Pref. 7
Prudence being either conjugal and paternal, or d s like the devil. Marked with the regnal and
roth ~~ oe S . irc teat Bcd Msi publi +2. To revel, roister, feast riotously. [Du. domé- | 2. Of or pertaining to the ‘the Lond’s day or Sunday
est Ge. eopetar | “Spriease treme ork Mererrtrtee | “Wetec seraee teen
2 ee can r 2:
tb. Dominative argument, a Gr. xupetow wikis Mercers and Tailers : was wont, nor dominere | 1649 Mitton Eikon. i Wks. 1 38 I. 367 4
Adyos, a kind of logical fallacy. Oés. P E | in Tauernes as hee ought. 1596 Suaxs. Tam. Shr. 1. ii. 226 Statute for Dominical Jigs and Ma 37 ea from the
1656 Stantey Hist, Philos, w. (1701) 148 Diodorus inter- Goe to the feast, reuell d . Be dde and le of his Father James. 1663 Ley Cutter Coleman
rogated by the Dominative Argument.
+2. Of predominant weight or importance. Oés.
1639 Futter Holy War wv. v. (1840) 183 They approach
-to us in more istiy ey | and dominative points. 1655 —
Ch. Hist. u. vi. § 42 An Induction of the dominative Contro-
versies, wherein we differ from the Church of Rome.
Dominator (dg'mine'taz. Also 5-7 -our. [a.
F. dominateur (13th-14thc.), ad. L. dominator-em,
agent-n. f. dominari to DomInate.] One who
rules or dominates ; a ruler, lord. Also of things.
¢ 1450 Mirour Saluacioun 1000 O lorde of erth domina-
toure. 1588 SHaks. ZL. L. L. 1. i, 221 Sole dominator of
Nauar. 1 Cupwortx /ntell. Syst. 1. iv. 344 The Arca-
dians worship their God Pan .. [as] Lord or Dominator over
all material substance. 172: State Russia I, 259 Emperor
and Dominator of all the Russias. 1817 Byron J/aufred
1. i, The elements, whereof We are the dominators.
+b. Astrol. A planet or sign supposed to domi-
nate a particular person or region. Obs.
1588 SHaks. 77t. A. 1. iii. 31 Madame, Though Venus
gouerne your desires, Saturne is Dominator ouer mine.
1652 GauLe Magastrom. 4 Jupiter..Lord of the ascendant,
and great dominator.
Dominatory (dgminatari), a. rare. [f. ppl.
stem of L. dominari + -oRY.] =DOMINATIVE I.
1816 KeatincE 7'rav. (1817) I. 303 A dominatory process.
|| Domina‘trix. Ods. [Lat.; fem. of domind-
tor.) A female dominator; mistress, lady.
1561 Even Arte Nanig.1. xix. 20 b, Rome. .dominatrix of
nations.
+ Domine (dg'minz), sb. Obs. [vocative case of
L. domin-us lord, master.]
1. Lord, master: used in respectful address to
the clergy or members of learned professions.
[cgoo tr. Beda's Hist. wt. xix. (1891) 214 Min domne
hwatt is pis ffr.] 1566 GascoiGNe 1. ii, Domine gc
Ibid. 1. iv. 1609 B. Jonson Sil. Wom. v. i, "Tis no
presumption, domine doctor. 1616 Beaum. & Ft. sb
Lady u. i, Adieu, dear Domine! 1640 Brome slip
1v. x, [To his chaplain] You Domine where are you?
Wycuerey Country Wife ww. iii, No, good Domine esis
I deceive you, it seems, and others too.
2. A clergyman or parson; sfec. =DOMINIE 2.
@ 1679 Eart Orrery Guzman iv, Are you the Domine of
the Parish? 1701 C. Wottey Fraud. in N. York (1860) 55
Two other Ministers or Domines as they were called there
-one a Lutheran. .the other a Calvinist. 1705 Hick eRiNGILL
Priest-cr.t. ii. 26 A little Domine or Curate in the towering
and topping ae az Ken Lett. Wks. (1838) 84
The Dominees are . Ivinisticall to be in league with
those who oppose se 1892 Critic 12 Mar. 151/2 The
Dutchman’s endearing title of his pastor i is properly spelled
as the old Dutch documents Spelled i if. e ‘domine’ was
the clergyman; a ‘dominie’ isa school-master.
b. A schoolmaster, etc. ; =DOoMINIE 1, q.v.
+ Domine, v. Os. Also 5-6 domyne.
OF. domine-r, ad. L. dominari to Dominate.)
1. trans. To rule, govern, control, DomInaTE.
1481 Caxton God/rey 2 Alysaundre .. domyned and had
to hym obeyssaunt the vnyuersal world. Hawes Past.
Pleas. x1. ix, The whych ryght..they aayeee eell domyne.
2. intr. To rule ; to prevail.
[a.
1470-85 Matory Arthur v. i, That noble empyre whiche |
domyneth v the vnyuersal world. 1483 Caxton Gold.
Leg. 37/2 He shold domyne over them. 1509 Hawes
Yous. Medit. xvi, Our souerayne whiche doth nowe
domyne. 1614 P. Forses Def. Minist. Ref. Ch. 61 (Jam.)
Hee may expell the Pope from Rome, and domine there.
3. intr. To predominate, prevail in importance.
1474 Caxton Chesse 6 His vertues domyne aboue his
ciation
io"1),v. Also6-7-eere, 7-ere,
ae -ier(e. payee ey pp- a. early mod. Du. dominer-en
to rule, have domination (1573 in Plantijn), a. F.
dominer: see DOMINE 2.
The circumstances — which the Du. word was adopted
in Eng. do not pe
1. intr. To rule or govern arbitrarily or des; yy
cally; tg act imperiously; to tyrannize.
usually (coloured by b), To exercise or assert
authority in an overbearing manner, to lord it.
meek [see Domtineerine ff/. 2.1]. 191 Sin T. Contncssy
in den Misc. 1. 62(Stanf.) They commaund the countrie,
and domineer and have their parts in any thing 8 Oat an ge.
1602 2d Pt. Return fr. Parnass. m. i. (Arb) #7 raft and
cunning do so dominere. 1621 Burton Anat. Mel. 1. ii. wv.
ii. td 96 Oligarchies, wherein a few rich men domineer.
1776 Apa Samira W.N.1. viii. (1869) I. 77 The mercantile
pany which d s in the East Indies.
Haywarp Love agst. World 2 Not .. disposed to: lomineer
over his brothers or arrogate to himself a superiority. 1877
Mrs. Outenant Makers Flor. xiv. 354 With a certain con-
scious despotism he rules, nay domineers, over us.
merry. 1 B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. u. i, Let him
spend, an nd, and domineere, 1691 SHADWELL Scorers
iv, We tee to..roar and drink bloodily, and domineer in
the house.
+3. To dominate, predominate, prevail. Obs.
1602 Marston Antonio's Rev. v.i, O hunger, how thou
dominer'st in my guts! 1659 B. Harris Parival’s [ron
Age 291 Infected places, and where the small pocks
domineered. 1725 Braptey Fam. Dict. s.v. Sallet, To suit
and mingle our Sallet-Ingredients..and to adjust them that
nothing may be suffer'd to domineer.
. To tower (over, above); = DOMINATE 3 b.
1658 [see Domineerinc AA/. a. 3). 1697 Dryven Virg.
Georg. 1. 229 Darel domineers, And shoots its head above
the shining Ears. 1837 W. Irvine Caft. Bonneville 1. 116
Three lofty mountains..which domineer as landmarks over
a vast extent of country. 1848 Dickens Dombey xxiii. ‘
5. trans. a. To govern imperiously, tyrannize
over, dominate with absolute sway.
1764 Gipson Misc. Wks. (1814) V. 477 Supposing him
domineered by the Metromanie in its utmost aad
Emerson Cond. Life i. (1861) 23 All the bloods it ier
absorb and domineer. 1885 Manch. E. am. 7 Oct. 5/1 The
people have refused to be dc ed by C ees and
wirepullers.
To tower over, ‘command’; =DoMINATE 3.
1812 Sir R. Witson Pr. Diary I. 136 The entrenchments
.. were domineered within pistol shot. 1843 Lerevre Life
Trav. Phys. U1. m. ii. 98 The cathedral .. situated upon
a rock and domineering the whole town.
Domineerr, s%. [f. prec. vb.] A domineering
manner or air; imperious swaggering.
a 1768 Sir WV. 1 allace ix. in Child Ballads (1889) III. v1.
268/3 The captain .. Did answer him in domineer. x
BarinG-Goutn Gaverocks 1.i. 4 There was. .aselfwill in the
modelling of the lips, a domineer in the cut of the nose.
Do:minee‘rer. Now rave. [f. as prec. + -ER}.]
One who domineers ; a tyrant, despot.
1641 Sir E. Derinc in Rushw. Hist. Coll. m. OS I.
295 Away then with this Lordly Domineerer. ay
More Death's Vis. iv. (1713) 3 note, That Deadly Domi-
neerer [Death]. 1866 Atcer Solit. Nat. & Man ul. 147
An applauded domineerer of the forum.
Domineering, vol. sb. [f. as prec. + -ING Vy
The action of the verb DoMINEER ; imperious rule,
tyranny; overbearing demeanour.
1617 Moryson /tin, 11. 288 Women. .taxed with this vn-
naturall domineering over their Husbands. 1866 Mrs. H.
Woop St. Martin's Eve xxxii, If Charlotte did remain
with them, she should not stand any domineering.
Dominee‘ring, pl. a. That domineers.
1. Ruling arbitrarily or imperiously ; tyrannical,
despotic ; overbearing, insolent.
1588 Suaxs. L. Z. L. ut. i. 179 A domineering pedant ore
the Boy. 1683 A. D. Art Converse 105 Their unruly and
domineering humour. 1868 Mirman Si? Paul's xv. 355
Laud in his haughty and domineerin; character.
+ 2. Prevailing, dominant. Ods.
1621 Burton Anat. Mel. u. iv. 1. oo (651) 366 The domi-
neering and most frequent of it [a place]. 1817
W. Taytor in Manthly Mag. XLIV.. 325 The ans of the
ersia.
| ee! became the domineering religion oO
upying a commanding position.
ranck North, Mem, (1821) p. ix, Lofty domi-
Bo oh Rill that over top'd the su ve shady dales,
Hence Dominee'ringly adv.; Dominee‘ring-
ness
1684,
H. More Answer Che He could not: so domi-
neeringly. Blackw. Mag. XLVIL. 150 ‘That. is the
objection to Charles J, as a tragedy .. because too domi-
preg | political. ‘ig ‘Spectator % Nov., A man boiling
over with energy and domineerin;
Uf L. domini-um
Dominial (‘omivnial), 2
lordship + -au.] Of or ortaielag to ownership.
Cuampers Cyc. s.v. Offices, Venal offices are sub-
divided into two kinds ; viz., dominial and casual.—Domi-
nial, or offices in fee, are those absolutely torn off, and
separated from the King's ive, so as not to become
vacant by death, but passing in the nature of a fee, or
inheritance. Westm, Rev, No. 33 Such a right
chamene ae Wate Be | pe oe to a man
ee ae ae
+ Do‘minic, a. and sé. Ods. Dominican:
ef. Sp. dominico Dominican, ] =Domiytcan.
nite Pilgr. T. 129 in Thynne Animadv., The i
thomas the aquin. Lecrin wor 8 wart,
Hist. (ok: 2) 69 Reader among the
Dominical (domi‘nikal), a. and ise ‘fad. med.L.
dominical-is, in F. dominical (1417 in Hatz.-
Darm.), f. L. dominie-us of or belonging to a lord
or gg f. dominus lord.
| scratched your face till it had been a
the oases ina pastienlen year.
‘The seven letters A, B,C, D, E, F, G are used in suc-
cession to denote the first seven days of the year Jan. 1-7),
and Pop dag p-remnen the next seven days, and so
e.g., if the 3rd Jan bea Sunday, the dominical for
the year is C. Leap Year has two inical let! one for
the days erocetion eb. 245
Feb. phot (or according to some,
- ora tek the other for the rest of the year.
yg for pre ouinsuen Hist, Eng. v. ii. (R.) me
of our 446..the dominicall letter going
— by 10. 1594 Biunpevi. Z-rerc. Be | vii. ea 7) 660
hen 28 is the number of the Sunnes Circle, A is alwaies
- Dominical Letter. 1630 J. Taytor (Water P.) Dea
‘ar Wks. u. 229/2 Some like Dominical Letters
haath from the top to toe. 1868 Chambers’ E LI Ill.
629 If the p testis | letter of a common year be G, F will
be the dominical letter for the next year.
ec. fig. (from the printing of the dominical letter
in red, or larger type; cf. red-/etter day.)
1632 Massincer Emperor East 1. ii, At what times of the
year He may do a good deed for itself, and that is Writ in
dominical letters. 1644-7 CLEVELAND "Char. Lond. Diurn.
6 ror a all Cromwells Nose weares the Dominicall Letter.
1651 Ranxvotrn, etc. Hey for Honesty w. be Should have
a and as
full of red letters as any Pond's Al
II. In legal and other uses.
+ 3. Belonging to a demesne or domain (mest.
dominicum]; domanial. Oés.
1540-1 Exyor Ima, ria (1556) 159 He. Pageon sd enter.
laced his dominical with their servile possessions.
1640 SoMNER erp Canterb. 310 Which... by and
under the name of
+ 4. Of or pertaining toan n absolute lord despotic.
1644 H. Parker Fus Pop. 37 That Dominicall-power. .is un-
naturall: the very definition of i it pape the slave utterly
disinherited of h If and sole ends.
Lbid., Uf this condition did justify Dominicall. rule.
. Pertaining to a Domine or schoolmaster;
Cc. monce-use.
peda ay esgeall W. III. iv. 58 The schoolmaster
ale down the violator of the dominical sanctity.
OMINICAN, rare,
1600 E. Biount tr. Ci oat Least Bs See eaten
.-to follaw the advise of the
Fryers.
B. sé. [In sense 1, ad. med.L. dominicile, -alis :
see Du Can
+1. EZeel. A garment or veil for Sundays ; Spec.
a veil worn by women when receiving Com-
munion. Oés.
ewer & Harding (R.) Wee decree that
pm foo Boy dooth ae her domi-
bag ot Cuamuers Cyc. s.v., The yoy Auxerre,
their dominical.
Poy Short for Dominical letter : see A.2b. Obs.
1588 Snaks. L. L. L. v. ii. 44 Let me not die your debtor,
My red Dominicall, my letter. 1686 Pior Sta/-
Sordsh. 42% ir day
+3. ‘The Lord’s eerck wae a church. Oés. 3d
AUDEN Tears Then began Christian
Cheece tories, or 00 out-shine the Temples
of the Heathen Gods.
+4. The Lord’s day, Sunday. Oés.
1628 Jackson Creed 1x. xxiv. 83 ay we Christians then
call the Friday before Easter the Oe Oe ee
the dominical next after it, t Sabbath? 1673 Otry
Pref. to Fackson's Wks. Seb z, 1. 27 Matter proper for
every domini
5. ‘One who observes the Lord's Day, but does
not treat it as representing the Sabbath « of the Old
Testament: oj Sos = ‘arian. 5
ESSEY ‘ard . These Domini
ihe, argue the La udeaibess Ox Dive
Domingo
St. Dominic, the founder of an order of
friars : cf. F. dominicain.] ;
A. adj: Of or ing to St. Dominic or to
the order of friars (and nuns) founded by him.
1680 Wises = Narrative of the Fei i
of the D of theC aay
preaching Cyel. ~ ——
DOMINICANESS.
dominican influence). 1885 Catholic Dict. 279/1 In Ireland
«Seven convents of Dominican nuns.
_ B. sb. A friar of the order founded by St.
Dominic; a Black friar.
a@ 1632 WEEVER (Mason) Their rule and habit was much-
what like that of the Dominicans. 1845 S. Austin Ranke's
Hist. Ref. 1. 259 The Dominicans, who taught the strictest
doctrines .. had the right to enforce them by means of fire
and sword. #)
Hence Domi‘nicane:ss, a Dominican nun.
1857 G. Ouiver Coll. Cath. Relig. in Cornwall, etc. 65
Two or three Dominicanesses of the third Order.
+ Domrinicide. Ods. rare-°, [ad. late L.
dominicida, f. L. domin-us master: see -CIDE.] a.
One who kills a master. b. Murder of a master.
1656 Biount Glossogr., Dominicide, he that kils his Mas-
ter. 1847 in Craic ; and in mod. Dicts,
Dominie (dy'mini). Alsodomine. [The same
word as Domine, the final pronounced ¢ being
written -ze, as in vernacular words. ]
1. A schoolmaster, pedagogue. (Now chiefly Sc.)
1612 Zwo Noble K. 1. iii, But will the dainty Domine,
the Schoolemaster keep touch. 1681 Otway Soldiers Fort.
mi. i, Wks. 1728 I. 32 Why, who am I, good Sir Dominie
Doddle-pate? 1826 Disrazit Viv. Grey 1. vi, He then
walked to the door and admitted the barred-out Dominie.
~ Scotr Gry M. Introd., Dominie Sampson..a poor,
modest, humble scholar, who has won his way through the
classics.. But there is a far more exact prototype of the
worthy Dominie, 1870 LoweLt Study Wind: 129 The
dominie spirit has become every year more obtrusive and
intolerant in Mr. C.’s_ writing.
b. The (male) keeper of a boarding-house or
Dame’s house for oppidans at Eton.
1827 J. Evans Excurs. Windsor 352 The oppidans are
boarded at private houses; and the title of Domine and
Dame, the presiding masters and mistresses have immemo-
rially enjoyed. 1865 W. L. C. Evoniana viii. 132 Formerly
these houses were .. kept by ‘Dames’ or ‘Dominies’..
though now the term ‘Dame’ applies to all without refer-
ence to sex. ;
2. In U.S., the title of a pastor of the Dutch
Reformed Church (more historically spelt DommNE
q-v.) ; whence in New York, New Jersey, etc., ex-
tended colloquially to ministers or parsons of other
churches. (Commonly pronounced, after Dutch,
d6"-mini. ) ;
1824 W. Irvine 7. Trav. (1849) 439 There are two family
oracles, one or other of which Dutch housewives consult ..
the dominie and the doctor. 1839-40 — Wolfert’s R. (1855)
15 An elder might be seen .. apparently listening to the
dominie. | 1887 Hazarp Mem. F. L, Diman iii. 43.
Dominion (domi‘nyon). [a. obs. F. dominion
(in Godef.), ad. L. type *dominion-em, deriv. of
domini-um property, ownership, f. domin-us lord.]
1. The power or right of governing and con-
trolling; sovereignauthority; lordship, sovereignty;
rule, sway ; control, influence.
©1430 Lypc. 7hedes 11. (R.), To haue lordship, or domi-
nioun, In‘ the bounds of this little toun. FAasyan
Chron.1. vi. 12 She gaue ouer y® rule and domynion to hym.
1634 Sir T. Hersert Trav. 29 These Moguls .. got the
Dominion of these Countries, 1712 Appison Sfect. No. 500
P 2 Nothing is more gratifying to the mind of man than
power or dominion. 1867 Freeman N.C. (1876) I. iv. 215
Foreign dominion in any shape would soon become hateful.
Jig. 1538 Starkey Engi 1. ii, 6x Fortune .. hath grete
domynyon and rule in al vtward thyngys. 1582 N. T.
(Rhem.) Row. vi. 9 Death shal no more haue dominion
(Wyct. lordschip, Tinpae, etc. power] ouer him. 1751
Jounson Rambler No, 184% 7 Exempting them from the
dominion of chance. x1 owett Plato (ed. 2) III. 179 For
ages physicians have n under the dominion of pre-
judices.
2. a. The lands or domains of a feudal lord.
b. The territory owned by or subject to a king or
ruler, or under a particular government or control.
Often in A/.
Dominion of Canada (colloq. ‘the Dominion’), the title
under which the former colonial provinces of Upper and
Lower Canada, etc., in British North America, were united
into one saw in 1867. The Old Dominion, a popular
name in U.S. for Virginia.
1stz Act 4 Henry VIII, c.10 The Domynyons Honours
Castelles Parkes .. that late were to Edwarde Courteney.
1548 Hatt Chron., Henry VI (an. 14) 130 The whole
dominion of Fraunce, betwene the rivers of Soame and
Marne. 1605 Saks. Lear. i. 180 If. .Thy banisht trunke be
found in our Dominions, The moment is thy death. 1725
De For Voy. round World (1840) 2x The King of Spain
had allowed the king of France’s subjects a free trade in
his American dominions. bx . P. Kennepy Swadlow B.
(1860) 13, I have really reac! the Old Dominion. 1840
Macau ay Ess., Clive (1887) 529 The wide dominion of the
Franks was severed into a thousand pieces. 1867 Act 30
§ 31 Vict. c. 3. § 3 The Provinces of Canada, Nova Scotia,
and New Brunswick shall form and be One Dominion
under the Name of Canada.
Jig. 1654 WnuitLock Zootomia 414 The Dominions of
Pen-men are of far larger extent than those of Sword-men.
x8ar Suettey Prometh, Und. u. v. 86 Thy spirit lifts its
pinions In music’s most serene dominions.
3. Law. Ownership, property; right of possession.
[=dominium in Rom. Law.
1651 Hosses Leviath. 1. xvi. 81 The Right of possession,
is called Dominion. 1682 Evats Grotius’ War & Peace 78
We must search into the rise or beginning,of propuety,
which Lawyers call Dominion. 1 i ini
{see Eminent 5]. 1774 T. Jerrerson Autobiog. Wks. 1859
I, 138 Our Saxon ancestors held their lands .. in absolute
dominion, unencumbered with any superior. 1832 Austin
Furispr. (1879) 1. go. 1885 Law Times 28 Mar. 386/r
597
Negligent dealing with goods by a bailee, which does not |
amount to the assertion of any dominion over them. |
+b. AS Power or right. once-use. Obs. |
«1797 H. WaLrote Mem. Geo. IT (1847) II. viii. 257 The
King, during the whole conversation, seemed to leave open
his dominion of saying or unsaying hereafter.
4. =Domination 3. (Usually in £7.)
(1539 Brste (Great) Zh. i. 21 Aboue all rule, and_ power,
and might and domynion [TinpALE dominacion]. 1611
Brste Cod. i. 16 All things created..visible and inuisible, |
whether they be thrones or dominions [Vulg. dominationes,
LXX xvupt6rntes], or principalities, or powers. ] 1667 Mitton
P. L. u. 11 Powers and Dominions, Deities of Heav’n.
ax71t Ken Hyminotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 III. 200 Dominions |
for supream Commands decreed. aes
5. atirib., as Dominion act. Dominion day, in |
the Dominion of Canada, the 1st of July, observed |
as a general holiday in commemoration of the union |
of the provinces, etc., under that name in 1867. |
1877 Daily News 3 Nov. 6/6 In violation of the Dominion
Act regarding the importation of cattle from prohibited |
countries. 1892 W Pike Barren Ground N. Candda 167
The loyal Canadians. .were..celebrating the anniversary of
Dominion Day, with much rye whisky. :
Hence + Domi‘nion v., to exercise dominion, to
tule; Domi‘nionless a@., having no dominion.
1647 Pol. Ballads (1860) I. 35 We shall have .. But few
folks, and poor, to dominion o'er. 1845 Blackw. Mag.
LVI. 523 Dominionless over our sympathy.
| Dominium. A Latin term of the Roman
Law, variously rendered lordship, ownership,
property, demesne, domain, dominion; but often
retained in L, form in legal use.
1823 in Crass Zechnol. Dict. 1861 W. Bewt. Dict. Law
Scot. 300 The interest vested in the superior is called the
dominium directwm, or superiority. . The vassal’s interest...
is termed the dominium utile, or the property.
Domino (dgmino). 7’. dominoes. [a. F.
domino (16th c. in Hatz.-Darm.) ‘a kind of hood,
or habit for the head, worne by Cannons; (and
hence) also, a fashion of vaile vsed by some women
that mourne’ (Cotgr.): cf. Sp. domzno a masque-
rade garment.
Du Cange cites domino in L. context, in the sense of a
covering of the head and shoulders worn by priests in
winter: ‘utantur..caputio vulgariter ung Domino’, ‘capu-
tium seu Domino panni nigri’. Derived in some way from
L. dominus; Darmesteter suggests from some L. phrase,
such as denedicamus Domino. According to Littré, sense 4
came from the supposed resemblance of the black back of
each of the pieces to the masquerade garment.]
1. A kind of loose cloak, app. of Venetian origin, -
chiefly worn at masquerades, with a small mask
covering the upper part of the face, by persons
not personating a character.
1719 Free-Thinker No. 138 ® 6 Thersites .. instead of
covering Himself with a Domine, dresses .. in the Habit of |
a Running Foot-man. 1730-6 Baitey (folio), Domino. .the
habit of a Venetian nobleman, very much in use at our
modern masquerades. 1744 Lapy M.W. Montacu Let. fo |
W. Montagu 25 Mar., | went inadominoto the ball,a masque |
giving opportunity of talking in a freer manner than [etc. ].
1770 Map. D’Arsiay Early Diary (1889) 1. 66 Miss Strange
had a white satin Domino trimmed with blue. 1841 Lever
C. O’ Malley (Rtldg.) 407 The domino which serves for mere
concealment, is almost the only dress assumed.
b. Sometimes applied to the half-mask itself.
(1837 Syp. Smitn Ballot Wks. (Longm.) 778 Why not vote
in a domino, taking off the vizor to the returning officer only?]
1860 Emerson Cond. Life, [llusions Wks. (Bohn) II. 442
The masquerade is at its height. Nobody drops his domino.
e. fig.
1836-9 Dickens S%. Boz (1850) 266/1 Reserve .. is a bad
domino which only hides what good, people have about
’em, without making the bad look better. 1870 Disrae.i
Lothair \xxvii, As for Pantheism, it is Atheism in domino.
1875 Emerson Lett. & Soc. Aims, Quot. & Orlg. Wks.
(Bohn) III. 221 John Wilson—who .. writes better under
the domino of ‘ Christopher North’.
2. A person wearing a domino.
1749 Fiecpinc Von Yones xu. vii, Jones. .applied to the
Domino, begging and intreating her to shew him the lady.
1866 Howe ts lenet.Life viii, Motley company,—dominoes,
harlequins, pantaloni, illustrissimi and illustrissime.
3. a. One of a number of rectangular pieces
(usually 28) of ivory, bone, or wood, having the
under side black, and the upper equally divided by
across line into two squares, each either blank
or marked with pips, so as to present all the possible
combinations from double blank to double six.
(Sometimes the pieces have more pips, and are
more in number accordingly.) b. f/. (rarely sing.)
A game played with these pieces, (usually) by
placing corresponding ends in contact as long as
this can be done, the player who has the lowest
number of pips remaining being the winner.
x80r Strutt Sports § Past. 1. ii. § 18 Domino .. a very
childish sport, imported from France a few years back.
1831 Disraett Yug. Duke v. i. (L.), The menservants were
initiated in the mysteries of dominoes. | 1835 Loner. Outre-
Mer Prose Wks. 1886 I. 119 His favorite game of domino.
1870 Modern Hoyle 92 One of the players draws a domino,
e. pl. A game at cards, in which the cards as
played out are laid in rows or heaps according to
the suits, those of each suit following in their
arder; the player who first gets rid of all his cards
is the winner.
d. interjectionally : (see quots.).
DON.
1882 VV. 4 Q. 25 Mar. 229/2 Probably most Londoners
have often heard *bus conductors cry ‘Domino’ when
an omnibus is ‘full in and out’. 189r Farmer Slang,
Domino, an ejaculation of completion: e. g. for sailors and
soldiers at the last lash of a flogging: also, by implication,
a knock-down blow, or the last of a series, From the call
at_the end of a game of dominoes. :
5. A workman’s ticket or ‘check’ given up on
entering a factory.
1884 Leisure Hour Sept. 530/1 Every-man is provided
with a number stamped on a small block of wood called
a domino. | .
6. attrib., as domino-box; domino pool, a variety
of the game of dominoes, in which a stake is placed
in the pool (A/od. Hoyle, 1870, 101).
1849 Lytton Cartons 19 A beautiful large domino-box in
cut ivory, painted and gilt. ; :
Hence Do‘minoed a., wearing a domino.
1885 B. Harte Marja iii, Groups of dominoed mas-
queraders. 1891 Blackw. Mag. Jan. 46.
Domitable (dpgmitab'l), a. rare. [f. L. do-
mitare (see next) +-BLE.] Tamable.
1677 Hate Prim. Orig. Man. ww. viii. 369 The other are
by their very nature more domitable. 1836 /oreign Q. Rev.
XVII. 166 The carnivorous tribes he finds less domitable.
+Do-mitate, v. Obs. rave—°. [f. ppl. stem of
L. domitire, freq. of domare to tame.)
1623 CockrraM 11, To Tame, mancipate, domitate.
Domite (dé"mait). Adu. [f. Puy de Dédme
in Auvergne.] A light-grey variety of trachyte.
1828 WessTer cites Puituirs. 1835 Penny Cycl. III.
158/2 The Puys de Déme, formed of a particular kind of
rock, which has thence been named domite. 1879 RuTLEY
Study Rocks xii. 226 The name domite.. has been applied
to trachytes which contain a high percentage of silica.
Hence Domi'tie a., composed of domite.
1858 G. P. Scrore Geol. Centr. France (ed. 2) 67 Vhe origin
of all these domitic hills. 188x Jupp Volcanoes v. 126.
+ Domition. Oés. rave—°. [n. of action f. L.
domare (domit-unt) to tame.] So Do'miture.
1656 BLount Glossogy., Domition or Domiture (domitura),
a taming or breaking. [Bat-ry has Domation, domature.]
+ Domle, v. Obs. xare. [Etymol. unknown.]
intr. *To be dull or cloudy’ (Stratmann).
1340 Hampore 7’». Consc. 1443 Now es be wedir bright
and shynand, And now waxes it alle domland.
Domm, -e, obs. forms of Dump.
Dommage, obs. form of DaMaGE.
+Dommagie. Ods. By-form of Damace.
1556 Aurelio & [sab. (1608) F vj, Nether for feare nor for
dommagie. /d7d. K iij, We do not resave anne dommagie.
Dommegeable, obs. form of DAMAGEABLE.
Dommerer, obs. var. DUMMERER.
Dompc(e, obs. var. Damp, Dump.
Dom Pedro: see Dom! 3.
Dompnation, obs. form of Domination.
Dompne, obs. form of Dom, or DoMINE.
@1536 Anne Botryn in Wood Lett. Roy. §& Lllusir.
Ladies 1.191 One dompne John Eldmer, ; ‘
+ Bompt, v. Ods. [a. I. dompte-v, in OF}
danter, donter, later domter:—L. domitare to ovef-
come, subdue, tame: adoublet of Daunr.] ¢rans.
To tame, subdue, reduce to subjection; = Davunt
v.; also zutr. (for refi.).
1480 Caxton Ovid's Met. x1. iii, His evyll herte myght
not dompte ne make hym leve hys folye. ¢ 1489 — Blan-
chardyn \i. 196 He dompted and subdewed them.
Hence Do‘mpter, subduer, tamer.
1673 O. Watker Educ. (1677) 250 Old Age—that great
dompter and mortifier of our passions.
Domy (do"mi), a. [f. Dome sb.+-y.] Having
a dome or domes ; dome-like.
7833 Ruskin in Atheneum 26 Dec. (1891) 857/3 A thing
f the domy firmament. 1890 Vemfle Bar Mag. 11 Sept.,
Cool summer palace and domy mosque.
Don (dgn), s4.1 Also 6 doen, done. [a. Sp.
don :—L. domin-um master, lord.]
1. A Spanish title, prefixed to a man’s Christian
name. ;
Formerly confined to men of high rank, but now applied
in courtesy to all of the better classes. '
1523 Wotsey in S¢. Papers VI. 119 The Archiduke
Don Ferdinando. 1568 Grarton Chroz. 11. 313 Done
Peter King of Spaine. x59 SHAks. 720 Gent. 1. ill. 39
Don Alphonso, With other Gentlemen of good esteeme.
1724 T. Ricners Hist. R. Geneal. Spain 92 This prince
[Pelayus] was the first, to whom was given the Title of Don,
which till then, they gave only to saints. 1838 Prescotr
Ferd. & Is. xvi. (Cent.), The title of Don, which had not
then been degenerated into an appellation of mere courtesy.
+b. By extension: often humorous. Ods.
1588 Suaks. Z. LZ. L. ut. i, 182 This signior Junios gyant
dwarfe, don (Qo. dan] Cupid. Much Ado v. ii.
86 If Don worme (his conscience) find no impediment to
the contrarie, 1619 Pasguil’s Palin. (1877)152 Don Constable
in wrath appeares. @1659 CLEVELAND London Lady 17
Don Mars, the great Ascendant on the Road.
ce. Don Diego, a name for a Spaniard (cf. Dirco);
hence, t Don Diego v., to cheat or ‘do’ (ods.). Don Juan,
the name of a legendary Spanish nobleman whose dissolute
life was dramatized by Gabriel Tellez in his Convivado de
Piedra; the name was adopted in various popular imitations
of this play and by Byron in his well-known poem; a rake,
libertine, roué; hence, Don Jua‘nic, Don Ju‘anish
adjs,, and Don Ju‘anism. Don Pedro (see sense 6).
Don Quixote, the hero of a Spanjsh romance by Cervantes,
who, from his attempt to be a knight-errant as described in
the books of chivalry, has become the type of any one who
attempts to do an absurdly impossible thing or to carry
DON.
out an impossible ideal; hence, Don Quixote v., Don
otism: see also Quixotic, etc.
1607 Wesster Hist. Sir 7. Wyat Wks. 1830 II. 298
A Dondego is a kind of Spanish stockfish, or poor John.
¢ 1626 Dick of Devon x. iv. in Bullen O. PZ. IL. 39 Now
Don Diego. .or Don Divell, I defye thee. 1674 [Z. Cawprey]
Catholicon 18 The furious zeal of persons Don-Quixotted in
Religion. 1709 Sreeve Tatler No, 31 ?8 Why you look as
if you were Don Diego’d to the Tune ofa Thousand Pounds,
1719 De For Crusoe u. xiii, The state he [a Chinaman of
position) rode in was a perfect Don Quixoteism being a mix-
ture of pomp and poverty. a 1845 Hoop 7. of Trumpet
xxx, The most Don Juanish rake. 1855 THackeray NVew-
comes (1879) I1. xx. 236(Stanf.) It was the man whose sweet-
heart this Don uan 4 -deserted. 1882 Stevenson Fam,
Stud. 55 It is the punish of Don Juani: P
2. A Spanish lord or gentleman ; a Spaniard.
1610 B. Jonson Alch. im. iii, A doeghty, don is taken with
my Dol. 1659 Drvpen Ox Cromwell xxiii, The light Mon-
sieur the grave Don outweighed. 1797 Netson 13 Jan. in
Nicolas Dis. (1845) II. 326, I hailed the Don, and told him,
‘This is an English Frigate’. 1880 Tennyson Revenge iv,
I never turn’d my back upon Don or devil yet.
3. ¢ransf. A distinguished man ; one of position
or importance; a leader, first class man. Also
(collog. and dial.) attrid., and in phrase a don at
something, i.e. an adept.
a 16% Ranpoten A myntas 1. v. Wks. (1875) 306 This is
aman of skill, an (Edipus, Apollo, Reverend Phoebus, Don
of Delphos. 1665 Drypen /ndian Emp. Epil. 21 The great
dons of wit. 1768-74 Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) 11. 466 Quota-
tions from _the old dons of Greece. 1833 in W’estm. Rev.
Apr. 445 One of the men .. was what was called a ‘don
workman’. 1854 Cham. ¥rni. I1. 280 A don at cricket.
4. Hence, in the colloquial language of the Eng-
lish universities: A head, fellow or tutor of a col-
lege.
-1660 Soutu Serm. 29 July (1843) I]. 88 The raving
insolence which those spiritual dons from the pulpit were
wont to show [at Oxford]. 168: THorEespy Diary (Hunter)
I. 109 Sermons .. against Arminianism, whereat many dons
were offended. 1726 Amuerst Jerre Fil. v. 20 The
reverend dons in Oxford are already alarm'’d. 1882 Besant
Revolt of Man vii. (1883) 164 The few left were either the
reading undergraduates or the dons, 1888 Burcon Lives
598
fi ces for Dofia Beatriz the new marryed
@ 1674 in tev e Wks. (1884) VILL. 513 Was there never
a Dona in all Spain worthy your ki 3S? 1840 Loner.
1873 Slang Dict., Dona and feeles, a woman and children.
1875 Atheneum 24 Apr. 545 A circus man almost always
speaks of a circus , not as a , but a dona.
1887 Farrett How He Died 62 Blokes and donahs. .of the
foulest sluins. 1894 Vel/ow Bk. 1. 79 The little doner.
Donable, a. rare, (ad. L. dondbilis, f.
donare to present, DONATE.
1727 Baivey vol. 11, Donxad/e, that may be given.
Don (ddwnari). [ad. L. dondri-um reposi-
tory of offerings, offering, f. donum gift.] A gift or
donation ; a votive offering.
1582 N. T. (Rhem.) Luke xxi. 5 The Temple .. was
adorned with goodly stones and donaries. 1621 BuRToN
Anat. Mel. Democr. to Rdr. 57 Hospitals so built and
maintained, not by ‘collections, benevolences, donaries.
1699 Bentiey Phad. iii. 125 Were not Cups frequently
among the Donaries presented to the Gods? = J. Brome
Trav. Eng. & Scot. ii. (1707) 53 There have been several
Donaries conferred upon it [College] both in Exhibitions
and Scholar-ships. Wuarton Law Lex., Donary,a
thing given to sacred uses, 1862 F. Haut in Frni. Asiat.
Soc. Bengal 7 The kings..granted away land .. by way of
local donaries.
Donat, var. of Donet, Oés.
Donatary. [ad. med.L. type *dondtarius (in
F. donataire), {. L. donat- ppl. stem of dénare to
present: see -ARY.] The donee or receiver of a
' gift or donation; a Donatory: spec. in Sc. Law.
12 Gd. Men V1. x. 242 An introduction to two Oxford dons. *
+5. =Dan!, Dom! 2. Obs. rare.
1600 Chester Pl. Proem i, The devise of one done
Rondall, moonke of Chester abbe.
6. More fully, Don Pedro, a game at cards.
The players are divided into two sides and have 6 or 5
cards each; the points scored in one game are 23 :—one each
for High, Low, and Jack of trumps, 5 for Game (i. e. for
the side which at the end of the game scores the highest
total from the cards won by them, counting 10, 4, 3, 2 and 1
for a ten, ace, king, queen and knave respectively’, also 4,
3,2 and 1 respectively for the ace, king, queen and knave
of trumps, and 5 for the five or Don.
1873 Sdang Dict., Don Pedro..was probably invented by
the mixed English and Irish rabble who fought in Portugal
“in 1832-3.
Hence Dovndom, Do'nhood, Do‘nlike a., Do'nly
a., Donness, all nonce-wds. from sense 4.
1797 Mrs. A, M. Bennett Beggar Girl (1813) II. 122
The don was in..a truly don-like rage. 1865 Sat. Rev.
4 Feb. 143 In the glory of early donhood at the Univer-
sities. 1891 Ronen Noet Byron 64 Juvenile verses against
Cambridge Dondom. 1893 Nat. Observer 20 May 12/2 A
very donly Don. 1895 /ézd. 2 Mar. 432/1 Englishwomen
‘who are fairly familiar with Middle English’ (who, beyond
the range of donnesses, may probably be counted on fingers).
+ Don, sd.2 Ods. rare. [a. F. don :—L. din-um,
gift.] A donation, gift.
1524 St. Papers Hen, VIII, V1. 223 Whose assum
undoubtedly worthy to be reputed a don and gift of God.
Don (den), v.! arch. [contracted from do on:
see Do v. 48.
After 1650 retained in popular use only in north. dial.; asa
literary archaism it has become very frequent in 19th c.]
1. trans. To put on (clothing, anything worn,
etc.). The opposite of Dorr.
1567 Turnery. Ovid's Ep. 109 b, Do'n hornes And Bacchus
thou shalt be. 1602 Suaxs. //ay. 1v. v. 52 Then vp he rose,
& don'd his clothes. 1613-16 W. Browne rit. Past. u.
iv. (R.), In Autumne..when stately forests d’on their yellow
coates. 1621 A se org A oe gear & P. (1678) 84 Up Argalus,
and d’on thy uptial weeds. a1764 Liovp Henriade (R.),
Mars had donn'd his coat of mail. 1828 Scorr /. AZ.
Perth vi, My experience has been in donning steel gauntlets
on mailed knights. 1861 T. A. Trottore La Beata Il.
xii. 61 To shut up his studio, and don his best coat. 1879
Dixon Windsor I. iii. 23 She donned the garment of a nun.
2. transf. To dress (a person) zz a garment;
refi. to dress oneself. Chiefly north. dial.
1801 R. Anperson Cumberid. Ball. 17 Sae doft oy clogs,
and don thysel. 1845 E. Bronte Wuthering Heights xix,
Joseph was donned in his Sunday garments.
Hence Donning w6/. sé.
1847 Emerson Poems (1857) 161 Too much of donning and
doffing. 1888 E.wortny WW’. Somerset Word-bk., Donnings,
Sunday clothes, also finery.
+ Don, v.2 Ods. [Related to Din v.] zntr, To
resound, ring with sound; = DIN z. 1.
-axgoo Sir Beues (1886) 163 (MS. E.) Al pe castel donyd
and rong. 1483 Festivad? (1515) 73 b, A man sholde unneth
here his folowe speke for donnynges of strokes.
m, var. form of Dun, Down.
Don, obs. pres. inf. and pa. pple. of Do z,
| Donia (donva), dona (dona). [Sp. dofa,
*6- dona :-L. domina mistress, lady.]
. A (Spanish or Portuguese) lady.
Also pre-
fixed to the name as a title of courtesy.
ion is |
1818 H. T. CoLesrooke Od/ig. & Contr. I. 252 The giver’s
preference of the donatary before his heir or presumptive suc-
cessor. 1861 W. Bett Dict. Law Scot., Donatary..In prac-
tice, the term is applied exclusively to the person to whom
the Crown makes a gift, as of escheat, «/timus heres, or the
like. 1876 D. Gorrie Summ. & Wint. in Orkneys ii. 70 One
of the ravenous race of crown donataries.
Donate doné't), v. (Chiefy U.S.) [f. L.
donat- ppl. stem of dénare to present, f. don-um.]
1. trans. To make a donation or gift of; hence,
vulgarly (in U.S.), to give, bestow, grant.
1845 R. W. Hamitton Pop. Educ. vii. (ed. 2) 172 The
sixteenth [section] is ‘donated’ by Congress for the Support
of common schools. 1862 M. Hopkins Hawaii 324 Under
the former tenure, all lands, to whomsoever donated, were
revocable at will. 1880 Murrneap U/pian vi. § 9 Retentions
out of a dowry are competent .. on account of things
donated, or on account of things abstracted.
2. To present (a person, ete.) with somerieg.
1862 Trottore NV. Amer. 1. 197 Soldiers returning from
the Mexican wars were donated-with warrants for land.
Donatee’. [f. as prec. + S| One to whom
aoteetaeg is given ; a recipient of a donation.
1716 M. Davies Athen. Brit. 11. 110 Some noble Protes-
tant Donatees. 1853 M. Kexty tr. Gosselin's Power Pope
II. 157 From being..a donatee, you can become a donor,
Donater, obs. f. DonarTor.
+ Dona‘tian. Ods. = Donatist,
1627 W. ScLater Exp. 2 Thess. (1629) 252 As Donatians
thought.
Donation (dond‘fan). [a. F. donation, ad. L.
donation-em, n. of action f. dondre to present.
1. The action or faculty of giving or presenting ;
presentation, bestowal ; grant.
1425 Wyntoun Cron. v. xii. 1207 De kyng..Mad til
Saynct Serf donatyowne Of pat Inch. c 1gag (title) A
Treatyse of the donation or gyfte and endowment of
ssessyons, gyuen and graunted vnto 7 Sg pope of
Rhe 1597 Hooker Fec/. Pol. v. \xii,
ome, by Constantyne. A
$19 The of Baptisme commeth by donation from God
alone. Mitton P. L. xu. 69 That right we hold By
his donation. 1894 J. T. Fow.er Adamnan Introd. 65
Who. .made to him a donation of the island of Iona.
b. spec. The action or right of bestowing or
conferring a benefice ; the ‘ gift’
1540 Act 32 Hen. VII1,c. 44 The aduouson, donacion and
resentacion of the said vicarage shall gy oe the
k ges hyghnesse. 1724 Swirt Drafier’s Lett. Wks. 1755
. 1. 145 Many principal church livings are in the donation
of the crown. 1785 Patey Mor. Philos. (1818) 11. 222 The
offices in the donation of the king.
2. Law. The action or contract by which a
person transfers the ownership of a thing from him-
self to another, as a free gift.
1651 W. G. tr. Cowel's /nst. 106 In Lands .. A Feoffment
is of a Fee simple to the Donee or Feoffee, and a Donation
or Gift is of an Estate taile. 1765 Brackstone Comm. 1. iii.
(1793) 264 King William, fener Mary, and queen Anne,
did not take the crown by hereditary right or descent, but
by way of donation or purchase, as the lawyers call it.
1818 ruise Digest (ed. 2) 1.5 A feud was a tract of land
held by a voluntary and gratuitous donation, on condition
of fidelity and certain services.
3. That which is presented; a gift.
1577 tr. Budlinger’s Decades (1592) 960 They. .had a dona-
tyon giuen vnto ech of them as it were a pleadge or earnest.
1630 Sirens Anti-Armin, 120 It makes all t graces...
not the absolute gifts, the free donations of God. | 1738-7
tr. Aeysler’s Trav. (1760) III. 197 All the gifts a
Chr. Life
+o t
DONATOR. :
1860 Bartietr Dict. Amer., Donation Party, a party
isting of the friend: oni addins aces
clergyman assembled together, each individual bringing
— ae ot fe eee See
Ere wtageatod tra Hicataal betas ahaa
bya 5
Donatism (dp‘natiz’m). [f. as next + 1sM we
med.L. Donatism-us).] The doctrine or principles
of the Donatists.
B Demonstr. Discip. (Arb. i +
1588 J. pe be eo gpner - ) 64 It is a kind of
. Jounson Clergym. Vade M.u. 188 A Feng
rom Donat:
‘ism.
Donatist (dpnatist). Zccl. Hist. [ad. med.L.
Donitista, f. Donatus: see below.]_ One of a
sect of Christians which arose in North Africa
in the Py 311, out of a dispute about the elec-
tion of Czcilian as bishop of Carthage, in place
of whom they elected Majorinus ; they maintained
that their own party was the only true and
church, and that the baptisms and ordinations of
others were invalid.
It is uncertain whether the name was derived from
Donatus of Case Nigra, a leading supp jorinus,
or from Donatus the Great, who succeeded Majorinus as
bishop of Carthage.
1460 Medulla in Cath. Angl. 104 note, Donatista, a
donatiste [printed donatrice]: guedam heresis. 1549 Lati-
MER 4th Serm. bef. Edw. VJ, (Arb.) 116 An other kynde
of poysoned heretikes, that were called Donatistes.
Pacitt Heresiogr. (1661) 68 The atists or Brownists
agree in many things with the Donatists, who confined the
holy Catholick Church to a corner of Africa, as the Brownists
do confine the Church of God to their conventi 1873
Rosertson Hist. Chr. Ch. (1874) 1. 176 note, At a later
time, rebaptism of proselytes was practised by the Do-
natists,
b. attrib. or as Yd.
1861 J. G. SHerrarp Fall Ronte vii. 372 The Donatist
sectaries. 1885 Catholic Dict. 280 In 330 no less than 270
Donatist bishops met in council. ‘
Hence Donati'stic, Donati'stical adjs., pertain-
ing to Donatism or the Donatists; Donatistry
= DonatisM (with implication of contempt).
1564 Brief Exam.«x«» iv, This smelleth, .either of Dona-
tistne or Papistrie. 1§8r Marseck Bé. of Notes 208 Both.,
are donatistical. 1645 Pacirr Heresiogr. (1647) Aiv b, The
Donatisticall Brownists. 1828 Wester, Donatistic. 1889
Farrar Lives Fathers 11. xvii. 514 The deplorable Dona-
or vested by donation ; 54 to PRESENTATIVE.
1559 in Strype Ann. Re App. viii. 22 Foundations of
derchappake and other ae ecclesiasti: ba kings
lycence, to be donatyve and not presentatyve. Guitum
eraldry V1. iii. (1611) 260 To these donatiue augmentations
of Armes I will adde certaine Armes assumptiue. 1765
Biackstone Comm. 1. xi. 382 The deanery is donative,
the installation merely by the king’s letters patent. 1875
of a donative
Br. Macer in Pari. 1 June, The holder
living owes no obedi to his di i
+2. ‘That is able or apt to give’ (Blount
Glossogr. 1656). Obs.
B. sé.
lA donation, gift present; ¢sf. one given
formally or officially, as a largess or bounty.
¢ 1430 Lypcate Balade of our Ladie xi, O mirthe of mar-
tyrs, sweter then Sitole of Confessours also richest donatife.
1581 J. Bett Haddon's Answ. Osor. 361b, The Graunt,
& Donative of Ludovicus Pius. 1594 Hooker £ecé. Pol.
u,v. §7 The R Emper s was at
solemne times to bestow on his Souldiers a Donatiue. 1:
oblations
Nasne Lenten Stuffe (1871) 17 The devout
donatives of the fishermen. Moroan A fiers II, v. 313
Francis I gave the Grand Master a ae R
companied with a Princely Donative. Martineau
Ch Vay e ; wees mite above
vas!
(1867) 171 [Christ ranked the
donatives of vanity,
2. spec. A benefice which the founder or patron
can bestow without presentation to or investment
by the ordinary. ;
1564 Buuteyn Dial. agst. Pest. (1888) 83 He would faine
haue a benefice or personage of some ie donatiue; he
cannot get it at the Prot Staffordsh.
297 The King can create or found a Donative exempt from
the visitation of the ordinary. 1772 Warton & Huppesrorp
Life Hearne 26 He was presented to the Donative or Cui
of Elsfield near Oxford. 1877 J.C. Cox Ch. Derbysh, 11.
84 This living was a donative, from the dissolution of the
monasteries to the first year of Anne.
+8. One who is presented to a benefice. Ods.
rare,
N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. . xxvii. (1739) 127 In
Po Original, bi were rn finned the
Crown, invested by delivery of the Ring and Pastoral Staff.
Hence Dovnatively adv., by way of a donation.
1827 G. S. Faner Orig. Exp. Sacr. 1. iii. 64 Donatively
presenting. .sacri and vows and libations.
donations. .amounted to no more than six
1895 Daily News Dec. 3/6 The commissioners had
anticipated that the donations would fall off.
4. attrib.,as donation-governor, a person con-
stituted a governor of an institution in considera-
tion of a donation to its funds, >
(1884) I, v. 93 The donator
the Virgin.
donator,
DONATOR.
Dornator 2. Sc. Also 6 -our, 7 -ar,-er. [ad.
F. donataire or OF. donatotre=next.] He to
whom a donation is made; a donatory or donee.
c1575 Batrour Practicks (1754) 23 The Kingis donatour.
1 oa Reg. Maj. 37 Giuen. .to the vse of the donatar.
1636 W. MacvoweLL Assignation in J. Russell Haigs ix.
(1881) 225 Ordains the said David Haig, his heirs and do-
naters, my very lawful. .cessioners and assignees. 1859 Jas.
Anpverson Ladies of Covenant 274 As donator to the forfeited
estate of Coldwell, he pursued her for mails and duties.
Donatory (dp‘natari). [ad. med.L. dondtord.
us one to whom something is given (Du Cange),
f. dondre: see -ory.] The recipient of a gift or
donation ; a donatary. ,
1617 Bayne On Eph. (1658) 82 A gift..must come freely
from the donour, and bee greatly to the good of the donatory
or receiver, 18r0 Soutuey in Q. Rev. LV. 13 The donatories
of crown preety were to pay a double tax. 1817 Chron.
in Aun, Reg. 405 The Brazilian white man .. who draws his
descent from the first donatory of a province. 1848 WHARTON
Law Lex., Donatory, the person on whom the king bestows
his right to any forfeiture that has fallen to the Crown.
Dona‘trix. rare. [a. L. dondtrix, fem. of
dondtor.| A female donor or donator.
1668 Churchw. Acc. St. Margarets, Westm. (Nichols
1797) 69 According to the will of the said Donatrix.
+Donature. Ods. rare. [ad. L. *dondtiira,
f. déndre to DonatE.] Donation.
1629 J. Maxwe te tr. Herodian (1635) 344 Being obliged
to him by Donatures and all manner of honors.
Do-naught : see Do-novent.
‘Donce, Donck, obs. ff. Dunce, Dank.
+Dondaine, -dine. [a. OF. dom-, dondaine,
of uncertain orig. (See Godef. and Hatz.-Darm.
s.v. dondon.)] A warlike engine for casting stones,
in use before firearms.
1430 Lypc. Bochas 1. iii. (1544) 6a, Shot of arblast, nor
on touche of dondine [rime attayne].
Done (dzn), A//. a. (sb.) [pa. pple. of Do w.,
q.v. for forms and participial uses.
1. Performed, executed, accomplished, finished,
ended, settled ; also, used up, worn out: see Do v.
1435 Misyn Fire of Love 1. xxx. (1896) 65 Done synnes it
hidys. 1665 Corton Poet. Wks. (1765) 136 She thought ’t
would be a done Thing Soon. 1804 J. Larwoop No Gun
Boats 29 What I’Eveque only contemplated as a remote
robability, [he] now considers as a done thing. 1844
ICKENS Christmas Carol iii, It was a done thing between
him and Scrooge’s nephew. 1860 Gen. P. THompson Andi
Alt, III. ci. 2 A done game. |
b. adsol. That which is done or accomplished.
1855 Browninc Last Ride Together, Contrast The petty
Done, the Undone vast. 1872 Ruskin Arrows of Chace
(1880) II, 208 The condemnation given from the judgment
throne. . is all for the undones and not for the dones.
+2. There was in ME. a curious use of done, in
which it was nearly synonymous with 422 =‘ kind
of’: thus many done, many kinds of, what done,
‘what-kin ’, what sort of, At length, it took, like
kin, a genitival s: thus, what-dones, what dons=
‘whatkins’, cejus generis, of what kind of. Ods.
(There is a certain parallelism between this and the
MDu. use of the inf. doen (as of MLG. dén, dnt, MHG.
tuon), which has the sense-development ‘doing, action,
manner of doing, way of acting or being, manner, nature,
wise, kind’, But in Eng. the stages by which the sense
‘kind ' was reached are less clear.)
1297 R. Grouc. (1724) 112 He askede, wat God [7rix,
MS. what Idone god; Digsy MS. what manere god.}
and wat ping Mercurius was. Alex. & Dind. 222
We discorden of dede in many done binguus. Zd7d. 999
Wibpb-oute diuerce dedus of many done pingus. 1377 LaNct.
P.P1.B. xvin. 298 What dones man was Jhesus. a 1400-50
Alexander 2906 Quat dones man ert pou? Jéid. 5167 Quat
dons man ert pou?..and quat dos bou here.
Done, adv. Sc. 2? Obs. Also 6. doyn, 8- doon,
doons, dunge, [perh. adv. use of prec. ; but cf.
Dooms.] Thoroughly, very, exceedingly.
1500-20 Dunsar Poems Ixvi. 82 Bot sa done tyrsum it is
to bydit. 1536 BettenpEen Cron. Scot. (1821) I. p. xliv, Thir
mussillis ar sa see gleg of twiche and heryng. 1715 P.
Many’s Truth's Trav. in Pennecuik's Poems 106 (Jam.) He
was not thence so doons severe, 1825-80 JAmiEsoN S.v. Doyn,
Doon weil, or dunze weil, very well.
Done, obs. form of Down adz. :
Donee (do'nz"). [f. stem of Don-or + -EE.]
One to whom anything is given; esp. in Law, (a)
one to whom anything is given gratuitously; (4)
one to whom land is conveyed in fee tail ; (c) one
to whom a ‘ power’ is given for execution.
1523 FirzHers. Surv. 7b, This donee or this purchasoure
shall take Kote Ea Krrcmn Courts Leet (1675) 218
A Donee in tail. Futter Ch. Hist. vi. vii. § 16 Not
sixty of the Kings Donees had sons owning their fathers
estates. 1767 BLackstone Comm. II. vii. 110 If the donee
died without such particular heirs, the land should revert to
the donor. 1875 Maine Hist. ust. ii. 56 The Church, as
the donee of pious gifts.
Donek, obs. form of Dunnock, hedge-sparrow.
t+ Do'net, donat. Obs. [a. OF. donet, donnat,
ad. L. Déndtus.] The elementary grammatical
treatise (Ars Grammatica) of Alius Donatus, a
' grammarian of the 4th c.; an introductory Latin
grammar ; hence, an introduction to, or the ele-
ments of, any art, science, etc.
13.. Senyn Sag.(W.) 181 Therinne was paint of Donet
thre pars, And eke alle the seven ars. 1362 Lanci. P. Pl.
599
A. v. 123 Penne I drou3 me a-mong bis drapers my Donet
toleorne. ¢1449 Pecock Donet into Cristen Relig. Introd.,
As the common donet berith himsilfe towards the full kun-
nyng of Latyn, so this booke for Goddis laws. 1509 Hawes
Past. Pleas. v.xxv, Dame Gramer..taught me..Fyrst my
Donet and then my accidence. 1535 Jove Afol. Tindale
47, I had nede go lerne my donate and accidence agen.
. Comb. 1483 Cath. Angl. 104/1 A Donett lerner..
donatista,
Doney, var. of DHonrEy.
Dong (dn), v. [Echoic; expressing a sound
of deeper tone than Dine.] 7zx¢7. To sound as
a large bell. So Dong sd. (or without gramma-
tical construction), an imitation of the deep sound
of a large bell. (Cf. Dine, Dinc-ponc.)
1587 FLeminc Contn. Holinshed U1. 1579/2 Where they
might. .heare the donging of the belles as they hoong in the
steeples. a 1882 Rossetti Ws. (1890) I. 343 And bells
cing to bells that answer dong.
iong(e, obs. form of Duna.
Dong(e, obs. pa. t. and pa. pple. of Diye v,!
|| Donga (dgnga). .S. Africa. [Native name.]
A channel or gully formed by the action of water ;
a ravine or watercourse with steep sides.
1879 Daily News 20 June 5/6 A donga was safely crossed.
A donga..would be called..in Scotland, a gully. 1893
J. T. Bent Ruined Cities Mashonaland xii. 374 The
culverts which they had made over the dongas.
+Donge. 0és. A mattress.
c1440 Promp. Parv. 127/1 Donge, matrasse, culcitra,
matracia, 1448 Bury Wills 12, j donge optimum. 1459
Inv. in Paston Lett. No. 954 1. 485, J fedder-bedde, Item.
j donge of fyne blewe. @1490 Botoner /¢7x. (Nasmith
7 372 Quelibet femina elimosinaria habuit..1 donge.
ongen, -eon, -eoun, obs. ff. DUNGEON.
Donger, Donghel, obs. ff. Dancer, DUNGHILL.
Dongola, in Dongola race: a race in which
a punt or the like is propelled by paddling, by
three or four pairs (usually male and female).
1892 Pall MallG. 18 July 43/3 Canadian canoe race (lady
and gentleman), dongola race (four ladies, four gentlemen).
1894 Daily News 30 June 6/2 Dongola races for crews of
eight gentlemen and mixed crews of four ladies and four
gentlemen. /éid. 28 July 6/5 The Dongola Race (paddling
in punts). .for crews of three ladies and three gentlemen.
Dongon, -oun, obs. forms of DUNGEON.
Doni, var. of DHoNEY.
1803 R. Percivat in Naval Chron. X.
donies employed in the fishery.
+ Doni‘ferous, a. Obs. rare—°.
gift: see -FEROUS.]
Glossogr. 1656).
Donjon (du:ndzan, dg:ndzgn), archaic spelling
of DUNGEON, q.v.; now usual in sense 1, ‘The
great tower or innermost keep of a castle’, to dis-
tinguish it from the modern sense.
1300-1690, 1808 [see DUNGEON 1].
Donk, dial. form of Dank.
Donkey (dp'nki). Also 8-9 donky. [A recent
word, app. of dialect or slang origin.
As the original pronunciation apparently rimed with
monkey (whence the spelling), suggestions have been made
that the word is a deriv. of dux adj. (cf. dunnock hedge-
speree or, more probably, a familiar form of Duncan (cf.
the other colloquial appellations, Dicky, Neddy).]
1. A familiar name for the ass. (Now in general
use, exc. in scriptural or solemn language, and in
Natural History.)
1785 Grose Dict. Vulg. Tongue, Donkey or Donkey
Dick, a he or Jack-ass._ 1793 Gen¢Z. ak 1. 1083 A Donky,
or a Dicky, An ass. Essex and Suffolk.. 1804 Mrs. Bar-
BauLD Ws, (1825) II. 113, I cannot tell whether my
orthography is right, but a doxky is the monture in high
fashion here [Tunbridge Wells]. a1819 Wotcort (P. Pindar)
Wks, (1830) 116 Peter, thou art mounted on a Neddy; Or
in the London phrase, thou Devonshire monkey, Thy
Pegasus is nothing but a donkey. 1838 J. L. StepHENs
Trav. Greece, etc. t 839) 37/1 Seven camels and the donkey
were stowed in the bottom of the boat. 1859 Sata 72.
round Clock (1861) 45 Costermongers’ ‘ shallows’, drawn by
woe-begone donkies.
2. transf. A stupid or silly person.
1840 THackeray Shabby Genteel Story ix, ‘What a
blubbering, abthurd donkey!’ said Cinqbars. 1862 Miss
Yonce C'tess Kate xii. (1864) 212 You little donkey, you'll
be off! 1878 Mrs. H. Woop Pomeroy Abd. 1. 254 What a
donkey he must be.
3. attrib. and Comb.: &. general, as donkey-back,
(cf. horseback), -carriage, -cart, -chair, -path, -race,
-track; donkey-breeding, -driver, -driving, -drub-
ber, -riding ; donkey-drawn, -eared, -mad adjs.
1837 J. L. Srernens Trav. Holy Land (Chambers) 116
From there we started on *donkey-back. 1884 L, OLIPHANT
Haifa (1887) 158 A favourite method of locomotion among
the women, was donkey-back. 1894 77es 23 Mar. 3/2 The
Queen .. went out in her *donkey-carriage this morning.
1838 Dickens O. Twist xxi, *Donkey-carts laden wit
vegetables. 1841 Lane Avad, Nis. 1. 61 Three *donkey-
drivers, conveying the luggage of two British travellers,
1875 J. H. Bennet Shores Medit. 1. vii. 189 The road from
Castellare, a *donkey-track. :
b. Special combs.: donkey-boy, a boy in
charge of a donkey, or of a donkey-engine ;
donkey-engine, a small steam-engine, usually for
subsidiary operations on board ship, as feeding the
boilers of the propelling engines, etc.; hence
donkey-boiler ; Aonkey-man, a man in charge of
26 Boats and
[f. L. doneem
‘That carries a gift’ (Blount
DO-NOTHING.
a donkey, or of a donkey-engine ; donkey-pump,
an auxiliary steam-pump for filling the boiler of a
steam-engine, or for other subsidiary operations ;
donkey-rest, in Paper Manuf, ‘a frame against
which the form is laid to drain’ (Cent. Dict.).
1840 Barua Jugol. Leg., Bagman's Dog, Little *donkey-
boys your steps environ. 1894 7/7es 22 June 10/5 The
mate..and the donkey-boy..went in a boat. 1858 AZerc.
Marine Mag. V. 49 Hose was..put on the *donkey-engine,
1877 W. Tomson Voy. Challenger I. i. 52 The donkey-
engines for hoisting the dredging and sounding gear. 1878
Daily News 26 Sept. 2/3 We also had 3 engineers and
*donkeymen. 1869 xg. Alech. 10 Dec. 293/2 Of the means
for feeding the boiler, those in general use are the injector,
*donkey-pump, and the force pump.
Hence Donkey v. ztr., to ride a donkey. Don-
keydom, condition of a donkey, stupidity, folly.
Donkeydrome [after A7zffodome], a course for
a donkey-race. Do'nkeyess, a female donkey.
Do'nkeyhood, the condition of being a donkey ;
donkeys collectively. Donkeyish a., like a
donkey, asinine ; stupid, foolish, Do‘nkeyism, the
quality of being, or an act characteristic of, a
‘donkey’; folly. Donkeyship, the personality
of a donkey. (All more or less xonce-was.)
LeFevre Life Trav. Phys. U1, 1. xiii, 271 The
invite to many pedestrian excursions, and toa deal of
g Barinc-Goutp Pennycomeguicks (1890) 466
[It] had startled her out of this intellectual donkeydom. 1852
M. W. SavaGe #. MMedlicott 1. v. (D.), The two charioteers
being left sprawling in the dust of the donkeydrome. 1
P. Parley’s Ann. 11. 31 Crossing the heath..with no less
than seven donkeys and donkeyesses tied in a string. 1
Sat. Rev. 13 Feb. 222 The typical vanity and maladroit
ways of donkeyhood. 1831 /7vaser’s AJag. III. 564 We
find ourselves quite donkeyish and stupid. 1855 //omseh.
IVords X11. 160 [He] committed an outrageous donkeyism.
1858 O. W. Hoitmes Aut. Breakf-t. xii. (1891) 293 One
softens down the ugly central fact of donkeyism. 1889 S¢.
Nicholas Mag. Feb. 304 His donkeyship determined That
he would yet have fun. :
|| Donna (dp'na, It. dgnna). [It donna:—L.
domina lady, mistress.] A lady; a title of honour
or courtesy for an Italian or (instead of dofa or
dona) a Spanish or Portuguese lady.
Prima, seconda donna: the principal, or the second,
female singer in an opera: see Prima vonna.
1670 Lassets Voy. [taly 1. (1698) 67 (Stanf.) To go like
the Donna’s of Spain. 1740 Lapy M. W. Montacu Let. to
IW. Montagu 25 Jan., They are all well received by the
gentil donnas. 1816 Byron in Moore 7/e (1832) III. 318
(Stanf.) My ‘Donna’ whom I spoke of in my former epistle.
1817 — Beppo xxxii, The ‘prima donna’s’ tuneful heart
would bound. 1880 Grove Dict. Alus. I. 457/1 A dis-
tinguished seconda donna..of Handel’s company.
Donnered, -ard, 7//.a. Sc. Also donnart,
-ert, -ort. [f. Sc. vb. donner to stupefy as with
a blow or a loud noise: perh. a freq. of ME.
donen to din: cf. also DUNNER.] Stunned, stupe-
fied, stupid. ‘in a state of gross stupor’ | Jam.).
1722 Ramsay Three Bonnets 1.63 Worthy Bristle, not sae
donner’d, Preserves this bonnet, and is honour’d. 1818
Scorr H7t, Mid? vii, A donnard auld deevil! 1886
Stevenson AYduapped xxix, ‘Ye donnered auld runt.’
Donne, obs. form of Dun.
Donnish (dg nif), a. [f. Don 50.1 4+-18H.]
Of the nature or character of a (college) don;
having a pedantic stiffness or gravity of manner.
1848 J. H. Newman Loss §& Gain 7 He liked people to be
natural and hated that donnish manner. 1863 Q. Rev.
CXIV. 546 The most donnish amongst dons.
Hence Do-nnishness.
1835 J. H. Newman Left. (1891) II. 139 A strong specimen
of donnishness. 1853 THackEray Lett. 14 Feb., A vast
amount of toryism and donnishness everywhere,
Donnism (dpniz’m). [f. as prec. + -1sM.]
Action or manner characteristic of a college don.
1859 Suairp in W. Knight S. §- “ends (1888) 200 Here
we have no Donnism, nor any stiff academic air.
Donnot : sce Do-NouGHt.
Donor (downer, -g1). Also 5-7 donour, 7-8
doner. [a. AF. donour, OF. doneur, duneor,
mod.F, donneur :—L. donatir-em, agent-n. f. don-
are to present.] One who gives or presents; a
giver; esf. in Zaw, one who grants an estate,
or power for execution. Correlative of DoNEs.
1494 Fanyax Chron. an, 1286(R.) The ryghtfull inheritours,
or suche as were next allied vnto the firste donoures, 1531
Dial. on Laws Eng. 1. xxviii. (1638) 50 After the death
of the tenant in taile without issue, the lands shall revert
tothe donor, 1650 Vind. Hammond's Adar. xii. § 32 The
Creator of the World, and sole doner of life. 1755 Younc
Centaur ii. Wks. 1757 IV. 138 Enjoy, but enjoy reason-
ably, and thankfully to the great Donor. 1876 Dicsy Real
Prop. Vv. § 3(2).228 The doctrine. .that a freehold interest in
I
| possession must pass instantly from donor to donee.
Do-nothing (d/-nv:pin), sd. and a.
A. sb. One who does nothing; an idler.
1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 259/1 It is not for a do
nothing that this office is ordeined. 1624 MAsSINGER
Renegado w. i, Such a goodman Do-nothing. 1855 Fara-
pay in Bence Jones og thoived II. 361, 1 cannot imagine you
ado-nothing. 1887 Spectator 15 Oct, 1378 A class of do-
nothings who at some previous time had owned the land.
B. adj. That does nothing; characterized by
doing nothing ; idle, indolent.
1832 W. Irvine A/hambra 11. 84 The invalids, old women,
and other curious do-nothing folk. 1839 CarLyLe Chartism
DO-NOTHINGISM.
ix, 169 A do-nothing guidance; and it is a do-something
World! 1876 Gro. Exior Dan, Der. 1V. liv. 99 He was..
we fond of yachting: its dreamy, do-nothing absolutism.
ence Dono‘thingism, Dono'thingness, the
habit or practice of doing nothing ; the condition
of doing nothing ; idleness, indolence.
1814 Jane Austen Aansf Park (1870) III. viii. 340 A
situation of similar affluence and do-nothing-ness, 1839
Carty.e Chartism vii. 152 Self-cancelling Donothingism,
1879 Mrs. Houstox Wild West 77 Gaunt, enfeebled-looking
labourers abused for their idleness, their do-nothingness.
1891 Sat. Rev. 5 Sept. 267/2 Dangerous apathy and
donothingism.
Do-nought (dnt), donnot (dgngt). Now
chiefly da/. [app. f. the words do nought: though
sometimes taken as a corruption of an earlier dow
not; cf. Ger. taugenichts.] One who does nothing
or no good; an idler (=Do-NoTHING); a good-
for-nothing.
1594 Carew Huarte's Exam, Wits (1616) 12 Through |
iefe of seeing his sonne such a doo-nought. J/éid. 218
The buzzards, the sots, and the doe noughts. 1674 Ray
NV. C. Words 14 A Donnaught or Donnat .. Naught, good
for nothing: idle persons being commonly such. 1818 Scorr
Hrt, Midl. xxxii, What's brought thee back again, thou
silly donnot? 1855s Rosinson Whitby Gloss., Donnot or
Do-naught, a good-for-nothing person .. the popular desig-
nation with reference to Satan himself. 1870 Moris
Earthly Par, 11. uit. 38 A do-nought by the fire-side.
Donship (dpnfip). [f. Don sd.+-suip.] a.
The personality of a don: used as atitle. b. The
possession of the title ‘don’ (quot. 1838).
_ € 1626 Dick of Devon u. iv.in Bullen O. P?. If. 40 What
is your Donship calld, I pray. Don John, a Knight of
Spaine. 1648 Gace West Ind. xv. (1655) 100 Began to
answer, or more to jeer his Donship. 1772 NuGenrt tr. //is¢.
Friar Gerund I. 160 For a Monsieur would he have
changed all the Donships in the world. 1838 raser's Mag.
XVIII. 231 Entitled to donship in the Basque provinces,
Donsie, donsy (dg'nsi), a. and sé. Sc. and
north.dial, Also doney,-cie. [Origin and primary
sense unknown.] A. adj. ,
1. ‘ Affectedly neat and trim’ (Jam.) ; nice ; hence
saucy, restive (as a horse), ? Ods.
1737 Ramsay Elegy Lucky Wood iv, She was a donsie
wi
e and clean. 1721 Ketty Scot. Prov. 68 (Jam.) Better
rough and sonsie, than bare and donsie. 1786 Burns 70
Auld Mare vy, Tho’ ye was trickie, slee, an’ funnie, Ye
ne'er was donsie. 1789 D. Davipson Seasons 56 (Jam.)
Come Muse! thou donsy limmer, who dost laugh, An‘ claw
a hough, at bungling poets. 1892 in Northumbld. Gloss.
Unlucky, untoward, unfortunate. ? Ods.
1786 Burns Address to Unco Guid ii, Their donsie tricks,
their black mistakes, Their failings and mischances. 1789
D. Davipson Seasons 61 ( Jam.) Straight down the steep they
slide wi’ canny care, For fear o' donsy whirl into the stream,
3. Dull or slow of comprehension ; dunce-like.
1802 Sispatp Chron. Sc. Poetry Gloss., Donsie, dunce-
like, dull, stupid. 1822 Gaur Sir A. Wylie IIL. xxviii. 237
Dinna heed the donsie creature.
B. sb. One slow of wit, a stupid; a dunce.
os Jamieson, Donsie, Doncie, a stupid, lubberly fellow.
Roxb. ¢ 1826 Hocc in Wilson Noct. Amér. Wks. 1855 1.
213 That poor donsy.
on’t (ddunt’, collog. contraction of do not:
see Do v. Also humorously as sd.= Prohibition,
reiteration of ‘don’t’, and wé.
1894 Daily News 23 Nov. 5/3 The plan gets rid of many
‘don'ts’. Afod.‘ Don’t be always don'ting !’
b. Don’t care, used as adj., = careless, reckless.
So Don’t-care-ism (nonce-wd.).
1871 Daily News 4 Jan., We are in the don’t care mood.
1892 Pall Mall G. 15 Dec. 7/1 The. .spirit of daring don't-
careism. 1 Westm. Gaz. 5 Sept. 2/1 A hearty, good-
natured, don’t-care sort of person.
Donzel (dg‘nzél). arch. Also 6-7 donsel.
[ad. It. donze/lo ‘a damosell, a batchelor; also a
page, a squire, a waiter, a serving man’ (Florio) =
‘Pr. donzel, Sp. doncel, OF. donzel, doncel, dancel |
young man:—late L. dom(?)nicell-us, dim. of do-
minus lord, master: cf. DAMOIsEAU.] A young
gentleman not Pa knighted, a squire, a page.
1592 Nasne P. Penilesse (ed. 2) 7b, The high and mightie
Prince of Darknesse, Donsell del Lucifer. 160 B. Jonson
Alch. w. iv, Donzel, methinks you look melancholic. 1664
Butter //ud. 11. iii. 572 Much may be done, my noble Don-
zel. a1680 — Charact., Squire of Dames, He is Esquire to
a Knight-Errant, donzel to the damsels. 1843 Lyrron Last
Bar. 1. ii, Cling to me, gentle donzel, and fear not.
|| Donzella (dontsella). [It.; fem. of don-
zello (see prec.):—late L. dominicella, dim. of
domina mistress, lady : see DaMsEL.] An Italian
or Provengal damsel or young lady.
1833 Cartyie Misc. (1872) V. 88 A beautiful Roman don-
zella, 1 Mrs. Jameson Sacr. §& Leg. Art \1850) 196
They bring the donzella out of the cistern alive and well.
, obs. form of Do, Dor; Sc. form of Dove.
Dooab, Dooar: see Doss, Dovar.
|| Doob (db). Also doub, erron. dhoop.
Hindi did, = Skr. diirva.] Native name for the
og’s-tooth grass (Cynodon Dactylon), used as a
fodder-grass in India.
1810 T. Wituiamson £. /ndia Vade M. 1. 259(Y.) The doob
.. in the low countries about Dacca..this grass abounds ;
attaining to a prodigious luxuriance! 1 Burnes 7vav.
Bokhara (ed, 2) 11. 10 A kind of creeping grass called
‘doob’. 1845 Srocqueter //andbk. Brit. India (1854) 405
A thickly-matted sod of fiorin, or doob grass,
.
600
peomens: obs. form of DuDGEON.
een : see DUDEEN.
Doodle (did’l), sb. collog. [cf. LG. dudeltopf,
-dop, simpleton, noodle, lit. night-cap.] A silly
or foolish fellow ; a noodle.
1628 Foxp Lover's Mel. 1. i, Vanish, doodles, vanish !
I Foote Mayor of G. u. i, Why, doodle, jackana:
harkee, who am I? 1845 Cosppen Sfeeches (1872) 179 The
Noodles and Doodles of the aristocracy.
Doodle, v.! dia/. or slang. [f. prec. sb.] To
make a fool of, befool, cheat.
1823 Moncrierr 70m & Ferry 1, vii. (Farmer), I have been
dished and doodled out of og 2 pounds to-day. 1834 M.
Scort Cruise Midge (1859) 439 It might have doodled our
whole party. 1846 Cornish Prov. Dial. 55 ‘None of thy
doodling, thee bean't St. George, no more than me.’ 1880
W. Cornw. Gloss., Doodle, to cheat; to deceive; to trifle.
Doodle (di-d’l), v.2 Chiefly Sc. Also doudle.
[a. Ger. dude/n in same sense (of Slavonic origin:
cf. Polish dudlid), dudelsack bagpipe: prob. asso-
ciated with Toorte.] ¢rans. To play (the bag-
pipes). Also Doodle-sack, a bagpipe.
1816 Scott Old Mort. iv, ‘1 am wearied wi’ doudling the
bag o' wind a’ day.’ 1824 — Redgauntlet Let. xi, ‘Thou
sack-doudling son of a whore!’ 1846 Worcester cites Sir
G. Heap for Doodle-sack. 1847-78 Hatuiw., Ddodle-sack,
a bag-pipe. Kent.
Dook! (dik). [Etym. unknown.] A wooden
plug driven into a brick or stone wall, in order to
hold a nail.
1808-18 in Jamieson. In mod. Dicts.
Dook?. Sc. The shaft of a coal mine.
1887 Scott. Leader 4 June 7 He was chainman in the
main coal dook. 1895 NV. Brit. Daily Mail 7 Aug. 4 The
bodies of the unfortunate men may be found at the bottom
of the dook, which is now full of water.
Dook, obs. and Sc. form of Duck v.
Dool! (dil), dole (d@l. Also 6 dowe, 7
dowl(e, 6- Sc. dule. [Corresponds to E.Fris. dé/e,
d6l, landmark, cg Phar ; astake, stone, hole
in the ground, furrow, ditch, etc., used to mark and
determine the boundaries of property. Cf. also
Du. doe? aim, mark, butt, in Flemish and earlier
mod.Du. (Kilian) a heap of earth, esp. that on
which the mark stands at a shooting-place, which
is app. related to MLG., LG. dé/e fem., grave with
the mound of earth heaped over it.]
1. A boundary or landmark, consisting of a post,
a stone, or an unploughed balk or strip of land.
c1440 Promp, Parv. 126/1 Dole, merke, meta. 1445
Paston Lett, No. 46 1. 58 He hath pullid uppe the doolis,
and seithe he wolle makyn a dyche fro the corner of his
walle..to the newe diche-of the grete cloose. 1563 Homilies
1. Rogation Week (1859) 496 Accursed be he.. who removeth
his neighbours doles and marks.
Munic. Rec. (1883) 1. 54 The dowe stone or meire stone,
which was placed and set by the Jury. 1681 WortipGe Dict.
Rust., Dool, a green balk or mound between the ploughed
lands in common fields. @ 182g Forsy lec. E. Anglia,
Dool, Dole, a boundary mark in an uninclosed field. It is
very often a low post; thence called a Dool-post. 1
Sussex Gloss., Doole, a conical lump of earth, about three
feet in diameter..and about two feet in height, raised to
show the bounds of parishes or farms on the Downs.
2. Sc. (dil). The goal in a game.
asso Christis Kirke Gr. xxii, Fresch men cam in and
hail’'d the dulis, And dang tham doun in dailis. 17a
Ramsay Lucky Spence vii, Gar the kirk-boxie hale the
dools. 1783 TytLer Poet, Rem. Fas. /, 187 (Jam.) When
the [foot ]ball touches the goal or mark, the winner calls
out, Hail! or it has hail’d the dulis, 1802 Sispatp Chron,
Scot. Poet. UW. 37° note (Jam.) In the game of golf..when
the ball reached the mark, the winner, to announce his
victory, called, Hail dule !
3. attrtb., as dool-post, -stone.
1580 Dole-stone [see above]. 1630 A1S. Acc. St. Fohn's
Hosp., Canterb., Layd out for seauen dowlstones xviij a.
a 1825 Dole-post [see above]. 1887 Kent. Gloss., Dole-stone,
a landmark,
Ilence Dool v. ¢rans., to mark off by dools,
1656 in ATS. Conveyance, As it is now dowled, and allready
sett out.
Dool 2, variant of Dox sé.”, grief, mourning.
Dool(e, obs. form of Dox sé.1, v.2
|| Doolie, dooly (di. Forms: 7 dowle,
doola, 8-9 dooly, -ley, 9 doolee, duli, erron,
dhooly. [a. Hindi @é/7 a litter, a kind of sedan
for women, etc., dim. of ¢a/@ swing, cradle, litter,
f. Skr. dd/d litter, swinging cradle, f. d/- to swing.]
A rudimentary litter or palanquin used by the lower
classes in India, and as an army ambulance.
¢x6a5 Hawkins in Purchas Pilgrims I. 435 (Y.) He sends
choice Souldiers .. close d, two and two in a Dowle.
1665 Sir T. Hervert 77av. (1677) 66 The Doolaes were no
sooner dismounted, but that thereout issued the Amazones,
1782-3 W. F. Martyn Geog. Mag. |. Doolies..are only
used by the very lower sorts of le, in cases of sickness
or accident. 1804 A. Duncan Mariner's Chron. III. 114,
I could not walk..So they put us into dooleys, or cradles,
fastened together with ropes. 1869 E. A. Parkes Pract.
Hygiene (ed. 3) 399 Order men who cannot march to be
carried in waggons, dhoolies, &c.
2. attrib., as doolie-bearer.
1862 Beveripce Hist. /ndia 111. 1x. v. 655 The dhoolie-
bearers followed the example. 1 F. M. Crawrorp
Mr. Isaacs xii. 253 A strong body of dooly-bearers.
Dooly, obs. form of Doxy.
1580 in Picton L'fool |
DOOM.
Doom (dim), sd. Forms: 1 dém, 2-5 dom,
3-7 dome, 4-7 doome, (4 dum, Sc. dowme, 5
Sc. doym, 7 dombe), 4- doom. ([Com. Teut.
sb.: OE. =OFris., OS. dim, OHG., MHG.
tuom, ON. démr (Sw., Da. dom), Goth. dom-s :—
O.Teut. *démo-z, lit. that which is put or set up,
statute, ordinance, f. dé-n to place, set: see Do v.
(Cf. Gr. Oéus, f. stem On- to place, L. statiitum, f.
statuére.) Used as suffix in the form -Dom.]
1. A statute, law, enactment ; ge. an ordinance,
decree. Obs. exc. Hist.
c82s Vesp. Psalter ix. 26 Biod afirred domas Sine from
onsiene his. ¢ 1000 ELrric Exod, xxi. ge oe pa domas
pu him tzcan scealt. pe a Hampote Psalter xiii. 1
i pat haf forgeten God his domes. 1513 Doveras
AE neis 1. viii. 24 The domes of law pronuncis sche to thame
then. 1669 DrypDEN Tyrannic Love 1. i, 1 have consulted
one, who reads Heav’n's Doom. 1844 Lincarp Anglo-Sax.
Ch. (1858) II. xii. 220 He revised the whole code of Anglo-
Saxon law, and compiled a new book of dooms. . =
Green Short Hist. iv. § 4. 191 The first Dooms of London
provide especially for t! y of cattle.
2. A judgement or decision, esp. one formally
pronounced ; a sentence ; mostly in adverse sense,
condemnation, sentence of punishment.
cgoo tr. Beda's Hist. 1v. v. (1891) 278 Seon heo bezen
biscopes dome scyldize. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 103 Ufele
3itsunge..macad reaflac and unrihte domes. c¢ 1205 Lay.
ota e sculde dom polien. 1377 Lana. P. P/. B. xv. 27
n ich deme domes. . is racio my ri3t name.
Nottingham Rec. 11. 380 To obey, fulfille and fourme
the dome, ordenance and award of vs. 1 SPENSER
. Q. 1. v. 16 Then was that golden belt by doome
of all Graunted to her. 1641 Smectymnuus Answ.
(1653) Post. 87 Thurstan refusing to stand to the Kings
doom. 1709 Zatler No. 42 ® 5 O! Partial Judge, Thy
Doom has me undone. 1808 Scotr Marm. um. Introd.,
Whose doom discording neighbours sought. 1888 Max
Miter Nat. Relig. vii. (1889) 173 They were not laws in
our sense of the word but dooms, decisions. =
+3. Personal or private judgement, opinion. As
to my doom: in my opinion, Obs,
@ 1300 Cursor M. 4582 (Cott.) O pis ioseph sai me pi dome,
And giue me par-of god consail. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer Monk's
7. Prol. 49 As to my doom Thou art a maister whan thou
art at hoom. ¢ Capcrave Life St. Kath. 1. 314 Ye
may weel rp sepa in yovre owen dome. c 1450 Merlin 387
Yef he and the other ne hadde not returned .. by my dom,
ther hadde not ascaped the halvendell. 1596 Srenser ¥. QO.
Iv. x. 2t The which did seeme, unto my simple The
onely pleasant and delightful place. -_ oTTON Archit,
in Relig. esp tee The Age of the wi upon which he
war ar is m. 3 ‘ a ce
+b. The faculty of judging; judgement, dis-
crimination, discernment. Oés.
¢ 1374 Cuaucer Boeth. v. pr. ii. 152 It hab doom by
wins it discernip and demib euery ping. 1496 Dives &
Paup. (W. de W.) u. vi. 115/1 He must haue with hym
dome, that is a good and a dyscrete auysement, er he swere.
1697 Dryven Virg.Georg. ty. 565 With. .unerring Doom, He
sees what is, and was, and is to come.
4. Fate, lot, irrevocable destiny. (Usually of
sense.
~ WL 11r
preg Boy ch, happy Nestor ! h Eo Gon
lyss. 1V. nm estor ! was thy
1855, Ftd Heroes 1. (1868) 7 A stranger, whom a cruel
doom has driven to your land.
b. Final fate, destruction, ruin, death.
¢x600 SHaxs. Sonn. xiv. 14 Thy end is truth’s and beauty’s
doom and date. 1725 N. Ropinson 7h. Physick 244
Patient must fall in the Conflict, and owe his Doom ..
to the too rigid Rash of his Physici: 1860 ‘TYNDALL
Glac. 1. xxii, 157 Irresistible dynamic energy, which moved
them isiaciannt 0: their doom. 1874 Green Short Hist.
vi. § 5. 323 Both the Cardinal and his ies knew that
the minister’s doom was sealed.
5. The action or process of judging (as in a
court of law); judgement, trial. arch.
cgso Lindis/. John xii. 31 Nu is dom middan-
geordes. axz00 Moral Ode 169 [167] Pe dom ben
sone idon, ne last hit nowiht longe. 1340 Hamrote Pr.
to sit indome. ¢1450
world;
‘om. So Pouce. ve see ie ae
dom cume. 1393 Gower Conf 1. 97 He shall for the dome
finall Yef his answere, c 1400 Maunpev. (1839) x. 114 The
Doom schalle ben on Estre Day, suche t as our
aroos. 1§29 More Dyaloge uu. Wks. 180/1, I speke of
Christes .. comming to the dreadfull dome. Suaks.
Macb. ww. ie 117 What will the Line stretch out to’ th’ cracke
. “es med Se eet Was uO.
t doom. |. WILBERFORCE our
Lord ix. (1852) 204 When all nations shall behold. Him at
the crack of doom. Micxternwaite Mod. Par.
Churches 323 The. .hobgoblins of mediaeval dooms.
7. Day of doom: the day of judgement: see Day
sb. 8 b, and Doomspay.
Hamrote Pr. Consc. 2600 Our last day pat sal falle,
oan og 6F y ving we may calle. @ 1400-50 Alexander
DOOM.
1095 So sall..to be day of dome pi dedis be remembrid.
pe Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 302 What answere shall
e make to your lorde at y* daye of dome? 1649 Jer.
‘aYLoR Gt. Hxemip. u. vi. 19 The great scrutiny for faith in
the day of doom. 1 Pore Donne Sat. tv. 161 In sure
succession to the day of doom. 1847 Emerson Refr. Men,
Swedenborg Wks. (Bohn) I. 331 Who, if a hail-storm passes
over the village, thinks the day of doom is come.
+b. transf. The last day of one’s life; the
fatal day. Ods. (Cf. 4 b.)
1588 SHaks. 777. A. u. iii. 42. 1593 — Rich. 17, m. ii.
189. 1593 — 3 Hen. VI, v. vi. 93 Ile throw thy body in
another roome, And Triumph Henry, in thy day of Doome.
+8. Justice; equity; righteousness. Cf. JuDGE-
MENT. Ods. (Chiefly in versions of Scripture, or
allusions thereto.)
c825 Vesp. Psalter xcvi. 2 Hire rehtwisnis and dom
erecenis seldes his. c1o00o Ags. Gosf. Matt. xxiii. 23 Ge
forleton pa ping pe synt hefegran bere zx, dom, and
mildheortnysse and geleafan, 1382 Wycuir Prov. xxi. 3 To
do mercy and dom, more pleseth to the Lord, than
sacrifices of victorie. ¢1386 Cuaucer Pars. 7. P 518 Thou
schalt swere in trouthe, in doom, and in rightwisnesse.
1563-87 Foxe A. § J. (1684) I. 458/1 David in the Sauter
saith; Blessed beth they that done dome and rightfulness,
+9. Power or authority to judge; gev. power,
authority. Ods.
c1000 Ags. Gosp. John v. 22 Ne se fader ne demd nanum
menn. Ac he sealde zlcne dom pam suna. cx1330 R.
Brunne Chron. (1810) 100 To haf pam at his dome. 13..
K. Allis, 2606 He sent messangers .. to al that weore at his
dome, 1382 Wycuir ¥ohn v. 22 Neither the fader iugeth
ony man, but hath 3ouun al the dom to the sone.
+10. A judge. Obs. rare.
Perh, an error of transcription for Dee.
13.. Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. 627 Per haunted til
her hous .. Two domus of pat lawe. 1502 ARNOLDE Chiro.
(1811) 162 Primate and chefe dome of cristen men. :
attrib. (mostly arch. or Obs.) as doom-giving,
-hall, -place, -storm, -word, etc. ; + doom-house,
a judgement-hall; doom-ring (47chwol.), a ring
of stones forming the boundary of the old Norse
courts of judgement; + doom-settle, -stool,
judgement-seat ; + doom-stead, place of judge-
ment; doom-tree, a tree on which the condemned
were hanged.
1399 Lanci. Rich. Redeles 1. 329 At the *dome-3euynge.
1870 Morris Larthly Par. II. tv. 293 Then gat he to the
*doom-hall of the town..And judged the people. c¢ 1000
Voc.in Wr.-Wiilcker 145/12 Curia, *domhus. cx440 Promp.
Parv, 126/2 Dome howse, pretorium. 1382 Wyciir Acts
xxv. 10 At the *dom place of Cesar I stonde. 18..
Warttier King Volmer & Elsie i, Over heathen *doom-
rings and gray stones of the Horg. 1893 S. O. Appy Had/
of Waltheof 33 The circle near the Bar Dike may have
en a doom-ring. c1000 Ags, Gosf. Matt. xxvii. 19 He
set pa pilatus on his *dom-setle. a1225 Yuliana 55 Com |
.. biuore reue as he set on his dom seotle. 1876 |
Atheneum 8 July 48 That way to the *doomstead thrones |
The Aesir ride each day. a@12zg Ancr. R. 306 Let skile
sitten ase demare upon pe *dom stol. 1837 Locknart Scott |
ii, Elibank’s ** doomtree’ extended its broad arms close to
the gates of his fortress,
Doom (dm), v. Also 5-6 dome, 6 Sc, dume, |
6-7 doome. [f. Doom sd.]
1. trans. To pronounce judgement or sentence _
|
|
|
upon ; to judge. Ods. or arch. exc. as in 2.
©1450 (MSS. ¢ 1600) Chester Pl. (E. E. T. S.) xxi. 354
The general Resurrection..when Christ is bowne to Dome
both good and evill. are ARNOLDE Chron. (1811) 29 The
goodys and catels of alle hem that before hem be domed,
1533 Gau Richt Vay (1888) 15 They quhilk..Iugis or dwmis
a wranguslie, 1633 P. Frercner Purple Is/. v. xlvi. 58
here the equall Judge..dooms each voice aright. 181
Byron Br. Abydos u. xxi, No deed they’ve done, nor dee
shall do, Ere I have heard and doom’d it too.
+b. with complement: To pronounce or deem.
1742 Younc Nt. 7h. u. 156 Time’s use was doom'd a
pleasure ; waste, a pain. 4
2. To pronounce judgement or sentence against ;
esp. to condemn #0 some fate.
1588 Suaxs. 77¢. A. 1. i. 47 Tribunes with their tongues
doome men to death. 1593 — Rich. //, v. i. 4 Cesars..
‘Tower: To whose flint Bosome, my condemned Lord Is
doom’d a Prisoner, by prowd Bullingbrooke. 1645 Miron
Colast. (1851) 372 He dooms it as contrary to Truth. 1
Macautay Hist. Eng. I. 197 An act was passed whic
doomed him to perpetual exile. 1881 Jowerr Thucyd. I. 189
A decree which doomed to destruction..a whole city.
3. To destine or consign to some adverse fate or
lot; also sometimes in neutral sense, to any fate,
good or ill. fa. pple, Destined, fated.
160z Suaxs. Ham. 1. v, 10, I am thy Fathers Spirit,
Doom’d for a certaine terme to walke the night. x OPE
Ess. Man 1. 65 He. .feasts the animal he dooms his feast,
1776 Gipson Decl, & F. 1. xii. 255 You have doomed me to
a life of cares. 1860 Tynpatt Glac. 1. ii. 19 Our hopes
were doomed to disappointment. 1887 Bowen Virg. 4ineid
1, 20 A nation.. Doomed in the future ages her Tyrian
towers to destroy.
4. U.S. (local): see quots.
1816 J. Pickerinc Voc. U. S.s.v., When a person neglects
to make a return of his taxable property to the assessors of
a town, those officers doom him; that is, judge upon, and
fix his tax according to their discretion. 1888 Bryce Amer.
Commu, II. 1. xliii. 133 note, In New York..if a person
makes no return the assessors are instructed to ‘doom’ him
according to the best of their knowledge and belief.
5. To decree; to pronounce or fix as a sentence
or fate; to destine; to adjudge. (With simple -
obj. or obj. clause.)
1588 oe Tit, A. w. ii, 114 The Emperour in his rage
OL,
601
will doome her death. 1669 Drypen Zyrannic Love 1. i,
The Gods adjudg’d it Parricide, By dooming the Event on
Cesar’s Side. 1712-4 Pore Rafe Lock u. 110 Whether
Heav’n has doom’d that Shock must fall. 1844 Lop.
Broucuam Brit. Const. xv. (1862) 227 Buckingham, whose
fall he perceived was doomed. , :
6. zntr. To give judgement; to judge, decide.
Obs. or arch.
1sgt Greene Maiden’s Dreame xiii. 2 Doctors that well
could doom of Holy Writ. 1662 Coxainr Ov/d 1. iii. Dram.
Wks. (1874) 228, I shall, in my opinion, doom aright, But
wish that Jove had chose some other wight. 1876 Morris
Sigurd 259 They drink in the hall together, they doom in
the people’s strife.
Hence Doomed 4//. a., Doo‘ming wé/. sd. and
ppl. a.
1596 Drayton Legends iv. 62 For which immedicable
Blow..Me dooming Heaven ordain’d. 1627-77 Fre.rHam
Resolves 1, xv. 24 A dooming to death. 1869 FREEMAN
Norm. Cong. (1876) III. xii. 241 The. .doomed city.
Doom, obs. f. Dome, Dus; var. of Doum.
Doomage (dimédz). U.S. (local). [f. Doom
v.+-AGE.] The action of dooming (see Doom zv,
4) 3 assessment in default.
1792 J. Betxnar New-Hampsh. III. 284 If any person
refuse to give an invoice of his rateable estate, it is in the
power of the selectmen ‘to set down to such person as much
as they judge equitable, by way of doomage; from which
there is no appeal’. 1828 Wesster, Doomage, a penalty
or fine for neglect.
Doombook (dz‘mbuk). Also dome-, domes-,
doomsbook. [OE, dém-béc, book of dooms.]
1. A book or code of (Old Teutonic) laws ; spec.
that attributed to King Alfred and referred to in the
laws of later West-Saxon kings. Ods. exc. /Zist.
2925 Laws of Edward Preamble, [Swa] hit on dere dom-
bec stande. aggo Laws of Athelstan u. v. (Schmid), Bete
be dam Se seo dom-boc secze. c 1000 AELERic Hom. (Th.)
II, 198 O83 pet he com to dam dom-bocum Se se Heofenlica
Wealdend his folce zesette. 1660 R. Coxe Power § Suby.
159 If any one shall not pay, let him incur the punishment
expressed in the Doom-book (Laws of K. Eadgar). 1765
BiackstTone Comm. 1. 66 A new edition, or fresh promulga-
tion, of Alfred’s code or dome-book. 1891 Atkinson A/oor-
land Par. 218 The records..exist in the Doomsbooks. .of
this country and other lands in the north of Europe.
2. transf. A book of doom or judgement.
1837 Cartyte Fr. Rev. I. u. viii, Cursed is that trade ..
and 1s verily marked in the Doom-Book of a God !
Doomer (d#moa1). Now rare. [OE. démere
judge, f. dém Doom sb.: see -ER!, In later use f.
Doom v.] One who dooms or pronounces sentence ;
a judge. Cf, DEEMSTER.
¢888 K. AEtrrep Boeth. xxvii. § 4 Heretogan and domeras
..hafdon mzstne weorbscipe. c1000 Laws of Alfred
Introd. § 18 (Schmid) Swa him domeras zereccen. ‘1
Greene Tudlie’s Love(1609)K ij,Be then. .impartiall doomers
of my sute. cx1g90 — Fr. Bacon x. 139 Fond Até doomer
of bad-boding fates. 1842 Lytron Zanoni vu. x, The
power which dooms the doomer.
Doomful (dimfil), @. [f. Doom sd. +-FuL.]
Fraught with or involving doom ; fateful.
1586 SPENSER Son. to Harvey, For Life, and Death, is in
thy doomefull writing. 1630 J. Tavtor(Water P.) Uraniai.
Wks. 1/r Eternal God, which..at the doomefull day will
once unhaspe Th’ accusing booke of Subiects and of Kings.
1837 CartyLe Fy. Rev. II. vi. vii, Think what a volley:
reverberating doomful to the four corners of Paris,
Dooms (di#mz), adv. Sc. [Origin uncertain.
Prob, from Doom sé. Some have conjectured connexion
with Icel. ddéindis- pretty, rather, prefixed to adjs. and advs.
Cf. also Done adv
Very, exceedingly.
1815 Scorr Guy MM. xxxii, 1t was not sae dooms likely
that he would go down into battle wi’ sic sma’ means.’ 1816
— Old Mort. xxiii, ‘I wasna that dooms stupid.’ 1893
StEvENSON Catriona 20 My case is dooms hard.
Doomsday (dézmzdéi), [OE. démes deg, ME.
domes det, daz, day of judgement: see Doom sd.]
1. The judgement day.
c975 Rushw. G. Matt. x. 15 At domes deze. cxro00 Ags.
G. ibid., On domes deg. ¢1175 Lamb. Hom. 95 On his
efter to-come pet is on domes deie. a1225 Ancr. R. 58
Heo is gulti. and schal uor his soule onswerien a Domesdei.
1300 Cursor M. 498 (Cott.) And sua sal do to domes dai.
1533 Gau Richt Vay (1888) 34 Yair sal be na generacione
na corrupcione efter dwmis day. 160x Saks. ¥x/.C. ul. i.
98 Men,
iues, and Children, stare, cry out, and run, As it
were Doomesday. 1742 Younc N24. Th. 1. 366 The present
moment terminates our sight; Clouds, thick as those on
doomsday, drown the next.
b. esp. in phr.: Z7il doomsday: to the end of
the world, as long as the world lasts, for ever.
¢ 1200 ORMIN 17682 All batt follc patt fra piss da33 Till
Domess_ da33 shall wurrbenn. ¢1330 R. Brunne Chron.
Wace (Rolls) 8734 Hit myght laste til Domesday. 1553
T. Witson Rhet. (1567) 103a, If a man should aske me
till Doumes daie, I would still crie silence, silence. 1606
Suaks. Axt. § CZ. v. ii. 232 When thou hast done this chare,
lle giue thee leaue To play till Doomesday. 1850 CaRLyLe
Latter-d. Pamph. i. 4 Questions which all official men
wished. .to postpone till Doomsday. 1886 Froupr Oceana
233 They might have waited till Doomsday in the afternoon
before [etc.]. ,
ec. transf. A day of judgement or trial, when
sentence is pronounced, Also, a day of final disso-
lution, as at the end of the world.
1579 Lyty Zuphues (Arb.) 18x Dost thou not knowe that
euery ones deathes daye is his dofo]mesdaye? 1594 Suaks.
Rich. IIT, v.i, 12 Why then Al-soules day is my bodies
doomsday. 1642 Futter Holy § Prof. St. ut xxiii. 215
DOOR.
This bell was taken down at the dooinsday of abbeys. 1831
CartyLe Sart. Res. u.vi, His sudden bereavement..is talked
of as a real Doomsday and Dissolution of Nature.
2. =Domespay: the usual spelling in 17-18th c.,
still used, esp, in fig. or transf, senses.
3. attrib.
1649 Mitton “ikon. iii. (1851) 358 The Kings admirers
may .. mistake this Book for a Monument of his worth and
wisdom, when as indeed it is his Doomsday Booke. 1654
Trapp Comm. Esther iv. 8 That dreadful day of judgement,
when that doomes-day book shall be opened. 1781 Cowrer
Hope 693 Conscience .. writes a Doomsday sentence on his
heart. 1842 C. Wuitenzap Richard Savage (1845) II.
ix. 420 Long doomsday faces.
Doomsman. [early ME. démes man, man of
judgement : see Doom sé.] A judge, deemster,
@1200 Moral Ode 260 Med3ierne domes men and wrong-
wise reuen, 1382 Wyctir A/att. v. 25 Lest perauenture
thin aduersarie take thee to the domesman, and the
domesman take thee to the mynystre, and thou be sente in
to prisoun. c1440 Gesta Rom. viii. 21 (Harl. MS.) pe
domys-man come to pe Cite, for to sitte vp on brekers of be
lawe. 1493 Festivall (W. de Worde 1515) 4b, Our lorde
Thesu Cryste his domesman. «1640 [see Doomster 2}.
1708 Termes de la Ley 268 Doomsman, seems to be Suitors
ina Court of a Mannorin Ancient Demesne, whoare Judges
there. 1839 Baitey /vstvs xxx. 342 Behold in me the
doomsman of your race.
attrib, 1483 Cath.
tribunal,
Doomster ((/msto1). In 5 domstere. [modi-
fication of demester, DEMPSTER, DEEMSTER, after
Doom wv. and sb.]
1. A judge, doomer. arch.
1442 Cursor M. 9737 (Bedford) Fadir, rightwis domstere !
1861 Lowe i eet. Wks. (1890) 1V. 4 Then let him hearken
for the doomster’s feet! 1882 Sat. Rev. 11 Nov. 627
Doomsters..propounding their own construction of rubrical
niceties with Sinaitic thunders.
Angl. 103/2 A domesman sete,
8 ‘The Domster sould be sworne.
lix, § 2 They will..be enforced
to borrow a more fit expression of His office from our sister
nation, and instyle Him to be the doomster or doomsman of
the quick and the dead. 1816 Scorr Old Mort. xxxvi,
‘Doomster’, he continued, ‘repeat the sentence to the
prisoner’, 1861 W. Bett Dict. Law Scot. s.v. Doom, The
doom or sentence was. . pronounced by the public executioner,
or doomster as he was called—a barbarous practice, which
was abolished by Act of Adjournal, 16th March 1773.
attrib, 188 PALGRAVE Visions of Eng. 13s Before is the
doomster-day, And..the shambles of Fotheringay.
Doon, -e, obs. ff. Do v., DonE, Down, Dun.
Door (do-1). Forms: 1 duru, 2-5 (Sc. 4-9)
dure, 4-6 durr(e,4-7 dur, (5 duyr), 6 Sc. duir(e,
dwr, dourre; also 1-5 dor, 3-7 dore, (4 doer,
5 doyre, 6 dower), 6-7 doore, 7- door; also
I dyr, 2-3 dyre. [OE. duru, fem. z-stem, not
found elsewhere in Teut., but from the same base
dur-, as the equivalent words in the other langs. :
cf. OHG. “ri, an orig. plural, which became a fem.
sing, MHG. der, Ger. thiir(e, ODu. duri pl.
(MDu. dére, dore, Du. deur fem. sing.), OS. durz,
ON. dyrr fem. pl. (and n.), Sw. ddrr f., Da.
dor ; also Goth. daurdns pl. weak fem. OE. had also
_ dor neut., pl. dort, large door, gate= Goth. daur,
OS. dor, OHG., tor, Ger. thor gate. The same stem
dhur-, dhwéar-'appears in Skr, dvr, ddr, Gr. Ovpa,
L.fores. The two OE. types duru, and dor appear
to have been mixed in ME., where, beside dure and
dor, are also found dur and dore. Dore pre-
vailed in 16th c., and is found as late as 1684 ; door
appeared in 16th c., and at length supplanted dore
in writing, though now pronounced like the latter.
The spelling door points to an earlier pronunciation with
z or i from ME. close 6, which is further attested by Sc.
dure (diir) (also in Cath, Angl. 1483), and is considered by
Luick as a northern lengthening of OE. #. The current
pronunciation may be a retention of that evidenced for
16th c. dore by quot. 1593 in 18; but it may also be a
more recent modification of (dii®4), as in the case of floor,
and vulgar pronunciations of #007, poor, as more, Dore.)
1, A movable barrier of wood or other material,
consisting either of one piece, or of several pieces
framed together, usually turning on hinges or
sliding in a groove, and serving to close or open a
passage into a building, room, etc.
a. in form duru, dure (dyre), durre, dur (after 1500 Sc.).
Beowulf 1447 (Th.) Duru sona on-arn fyr-bendum fest.
c1000 Ags. Cosh. Matt. xxv. 10 Seo duru wes belocen
[Lindisf. zetyned wes Se dura]. /bid. Mark i. 33 Eall seo
burhwaru wes zegaderod to bere duran [Zindisf to duru
velto get, Rushw. to dore vel zeat. c1160 Hatton 3e-
adel to bare dure.] cxoas Jnteri. v. Rule St. Benet
(388 78 ZEtforan dyran. ¢1175 Lamb. Hom. 87 And merki
mid pan blode hore duren. crasgo Gen. & Ex. 1082 Al dat
ni3t he sozten Sor Se dure. 1375 Barsour Bruce u, 61 Thai
brak the dur. ¢1400 Destr. Troy 11890 The durres to vndo.
¢1420 Chron. Vilod. 931 Pe durus of p’chapelle. 3 Cath. |
Angi. 111/t Dure (A. Duyr), hostium, 1546 J. Heywoop
Prov. (1867) 16 Ye beg at a wrong mans dur [rime
stur]. 1562 Win3et Cert, Tractates i. Wks. 1888 I. 2
Calking of the durris. 1563 — Four Scoir Thre Quest.
Ws. 1888 1.87 The duiris being closit. @z605 MonTGOMERIE
Sonnets Ixy. 11 To come ouir the dur, Skene Reg.
Maj., Burrow Lawes 126 Lipper men..sall not gang fra
dure to dure,
76*
DOOR.
t.) Mak a dor [v.7%. dore, dur].
1340 Hampote Pr. Conse. 345% When pou spekes sharppely
til be pure, Pat sum gode askes at pi dore. ¢ 1386 Cuaucer
pou Robyn heuest of the dore
rime vnderspore]. 1483 Cath, Ang?. 104/1 Dore(A. Doyre),
tium. 1363 Mirr. Mag., Fane Shore \i.7 ‘To begge from
dore to dore. 1893 Suaks. Rich. //, v. iii. 77 Open the
dore, A Begger begs, that neuer begg’d before. 1644 Mitton
Areop. (Arb.) 59 Other dores which cannot be shut. 1684
Bunyan Pilgr. u. 12 And knocked at her Dore.
y. in forms (dower, dourr) doore, door.
1504 Plumpton Corr. 186 None..shall not pas the dowers.
1§09-28 Wynkyn de Worde's edd. of R. Coer de Lion
1934 Doors and windows barred fast, Gau Richt
Vay (1888) 6x Quhen y? disciplis..haid closit the dourris.
1548 Hatt Chron., Hen. VIII 3b, At the haule doore.
Eas PutTENHAM Eng. Poesie u. viii. (Arb.) 94 If one
should rime to this word [Restore] he may not match him
with [Doore] or [Poore] for neither of both are of like
terminant. 1611 BisLe Gex. iv. 7 Sinne lieth at the doore
[Coverp. in the dore]. 1662 Woop Li/ (Oxf. Hist. Soc.)
I. 462 Before the west doore. 1760 Foote Minor un.
Wks. 1799 I. 269 Well, do so no more, Drop, to atone, your
money at the door, And, if I please,—I'll give it to the poor
[triple rime]. 1816 Keatince Trav. 1. 297 They cannot
venture .. to be seen beyond their own doors.
b. With various qualifications, as chamber-,
front-, hall-, house-, kitchen-, side-door, etc. q.v.
under their first elements; also Back-, CHURCH-,
FOLDING-DOOR, etc.
Double door(s), a door consisting of two leaves, opening in
the centre; also, two doors, one behind the other, closing
the same opening, to prevent draughts, etc.; glass door,
a door consisting mainly of glass panels; sliding door,
a single or double door that opens by sliding into a recess.
1785 Saran Fierpinc Ofhelia xv, The glass-door to the
closet. 1840 Dickens Old C, Shop II. v. 36 This posture of
affairs Mr. Brass observed through the glass-door. — Barn.
Rudge xxviii, Hugh closed the double doors behind him.
1871 Cartyce in Mrs. Carlyle's Lett. 111, 177 The double
door from her bedroom went wide open.
ce. With definite or indefinite numerals, express-
ing position in a series or row, and hence indicating
the room or house to which the door belongs.
1669 Sturmy Mariner's Mag. iv, At the Cross-daggers in
Moor-fields, next door to the Popes Head Tavern. a 1735
ArsuTunot (J.), Martin’s office is now the second door in
the street, where he will see Parnel.
Nundocomar 22/2 [He] lives three doors from the house
I inhabited. 1885 Law Times Rep. LILI. 4509/1 Having
taken offices a few doors off.
| They ed when a man will be rich, he must set his soul
ne
1776 Trial of
2. The opening or passage into a building or |
room, which may be closed bya door; a doorway.
1382 Wyciir 1 Kings xix. 13 Helias..goon out, he stode
in the dore of the denne. c1450 St. Cuthdert (Surtees) 7394
Pe bischope in pe dure stode. 1595 SHaks. Merry W. 11.
v. 103 They .. met the iealous knaue their Master in the
doore. 1756-7 tr. Keysler’s Trav. (1760) III. 252 On the
left-hand as one enters the door, 1842 Lane Arad. Nis. I.
107 A door, which she entered.
3. fig. A means of entrance or exit (in quot.
1526 a means of closing) ; esf. in phr. Zo open a
door to or for: to render possible the admission of ;
to furnish opportunity or facility for; so to close
the door upon, and the like.
825 Vesp. Psalter cxl. 3 Duru ymbstondnisse weofle}rum
minum. 971 Blick/. Hom. 9g Heofonrices duru. ¢1315
SHorEHAM 55 Inewyt hys the dore-ward, The doren wyttes
fyve. 1382 WyctiF 1 Cor. xvi. 9 A greet dore and euident
..isopenydtome. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 131 b,
Than shall the dore of discrecyon be put to our mouth. 1§70
Bucuanan Admonitioun Wks. (1892) 31 Y’ prouidence of
god had closit y® dur to all yair wickitnes, 1648 T. Gace
New Survey W. Ind. xxi. 191 But this doore of hope
was fast shut up. 1670 CLARENDON Contempi, Ps. Tracts
(1727) 561 To.. open a door for the most confounding
Atheism to break in. 1707 Lond. Gaz. No. 4342/1 Opening
a Door to the French to assault us that Way. 1863 Kinc-
LAKE Crimea (1876) I. xii. 195 Which left open a door to
future negotiation.
4. transf. Anything resembling a door in its
motion or use; a lid, valve; an opening, a passage.
1665 Hooke Microgr. ” How those Atoms come to be
hindred from running all out, when a dore or passage in
their Poresis made. 1712 J. Morton Nat. Hist. Northamft,
12 Ash-Timber, for the Doors of Bellows. 1719 Lonpon &
Wise Compl. Gard. 169 A small Padlock fix’d to the Door
of the Basket. 1840 Greener Sc. Gunnery 259 Place on
this the cap, shut the door, cock your gun.
5. Phrases. a. + At door: at the door; out at
door, -s, =out of doors; #7 at door, -s, =indoors
(obs.). See also A-poors. Jn doors: within doors,
in or into the honse: see Inpoors. Next door (to):
in the next house (to); hence fig. very near (to),
bordering (on), Out (+ forth) of doors: out of the
house; in the open air, abroad; hence fig. ovt of
place, lost, abroad, irrelevant, worthless to
+ Zo (the) door: out of the house or room (ods.
Within door(s: in a house or building, indoors;
also fig. so as not to be heard outside the door.
Without doors: out of doors.
1386 Cuaucer Nun's Priest's T. 557 Out at dores stirten
theyanon. c1450 Merlin 32 a ete ‘on oute at dore,
1 (aay tenet Pl (1867) 82 He turnde hir out at doores,
1 inzet Last Blast Wks. 1888 I.45 Repellit and schot to
the dure. 1§77 St. Aug. Manual 71 Love driveth feare out
of doores. oS G, Petrie tr. Guazzo's Civ. Conv. ui. (1586)
602
156 Some fathers will not suffer their Daughters to set their
foote foorth of dores. 158x Muncaster Positions viii. (1887)
pp Cnet Se vend eRe tens ene ee
PENSER Col. Clout 711 Out of doore quite shit.
Oth, ww, ii. 144 S within doore. 1633 G.
Temple, Praise iv, May dwell next doore, On the same
floore. a W. WuarEiry Prototypes Wi, Xxxi. (1
Hee may sit without doores long e!
Comm. Exod. x. 28 Destruction is at next door by. 1657-8
Burton's Diary (1828) 11. #56 All precedents are out of
doors in this case. 1682 Bunyan Holy War Pref. 159
Well, now go forward, step within the dores. L~
LER Sec. Defence (1730) Foal A Place where Thinking is
out of Doors. 1719 De ‘o£ Crusoe 1. xvi, I kept .. within
doors. bid. 11. i, To be next door to starving. /did. 1. xvi,
That Objection is out of Doors. Wo corr (P. Pindar)
Rowl. for Oliver Wks. 11. 378 Kick the Arts and Sciences
to door. 1816 Keatince 77rav, (1817) I. s Jew is not
rmitted to appear without-doors save in black. Lp.
avonvex in Wemyss Reid FF (1891) II. xii. 19 These
children. .live .. out of doors all day. 1875 E. Wuite Life
in Christ 1. i. (1878) 20 It is next door to cannibalism. Mod.
You had better remain in doors.
6. +70 drink or eat out of doors: to bring to des-
titution by excessive drinking or eating: cf. Eat v.
4a. + Zo fetch at the doors of: to obtain from.
To lay, lie, or be at the door of; to impute, or be
imputable or chargeable to. + Zo leap over the
door : to esca
door : to apply oneself diligently. + Zo set behind
the door: see quot.1552. Zo darken a door: see
DarkEN 6b. To keep open doors: see OPEN.
1552 Latimer Serm. St. Andrew's Day Wks. Il. 262
behind the door; that is to say, he must use falseh and
deceit. 1579 Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 464/2 We must
not therefore spare our selues..but set our handes to the
dore, as the prouerbe is. 1658-9 Burton's Diary (1828) IV.
10 A part of the Commonwealth has leaped over the door.
Jbid. 166 It is so much for your honour..to have the Scotch
fetch their laws at your doors. 1659 D, Pett Jip. Sea 437
Many Sailors drink. .wives and children out of doors. 1683
Lond. Gaz. No. 1835/3 The fault will lye at their doors.
1701 W. Wotton //ist. Rome 299 The Blood .. must all be
layd to his door. 1749 Firtpinc Zom Jones 1. vii, You
have in a manner laid your sins at my door, 1833 TENNYSON
Lady Clara vi, The guilt of blood is at your door. :
+e. Js the wind in (at) that door? =is the wind
in that quarter ?, is that the tendency of affairs?
1470-85 Ma.ory Arthur vu. xxxv, ‘What ! neuewe, is the
wynde in that dore’? 1589 Marfrel. Epit. Biv, Is the
winde at that dore with you brother deane? 1596 Suaks.
1 Hen. JV, 1. iii. 102. 1668 Drypen Evening's Love w. i,
Is the Wind in that Door? Here’s like to be fine doings.
7. attrib, and Comb, a. attrib., as door-arch,
-archway, -curtain, -handle, -jamb, -key, -knob,
-knocker, -latch, -lintel, -lock, -panel, -porch, -ring,
-scraper, etc. b. objective and obj. genitive, as
door-banging, -dressing, -opener,-warder, ©. door-
‘tke adj., door-wise adv.
1886 Wittis & Crark Cambridge II. 162 A square-headed
*door-arch. 19707 Lond. Gaz. No. 4364/4 Window-Curtains,
and *Door-Curtains. 1874 Knicut Dict. Mech., *Door-
Jastener, a portable contrivance for fastening a door.
Grote Greece 11. xxxix. V. 64 Leaving the hands
hanging ~~ grasping the *door-handle. 1837 Marrvat
Dog-fiend Xi. iii. (L.) Leaning against the *door-jamb for
support
cket for the *door-key. — Nich. Nick. xv, When Lords
reak off *door-knockers and beat policemen. 1 Ww.
MeItwraitu Guide Wigtownshire 75 Shattered *door-
lintels. 1654 Evetyn Diary 16 July,
tolerable price. 1787 Hawkins Life Sohnson 123 A repre-
sentation of St. John’s gate ..on the “door-pannel. 1
Coverpate Zeek, xlvi. 2 Then shal the prynce come vnder
the *dore porche, & stonde still without by the dore cheke.
1682 Mitton Hist. Mosc. v. (1851)
noise, as shakes the *Door-rings of Houses..ten mile off.
1616 Surrt. & Markn. Country Farme 87 It must be made
higher than the *dor-window. 1798 CuaRrLotte Smitn
Young Philosopher 11. 32 One sash opening *door-wise.
8. Special combs.: door-alarm (see quot.) ;
door-boy, a boy who guards the door of a passage
in a mine; door-fall, the falling door of a trap;
door-frame, (@) a door-case (Nicholson Pract.
Builder 1823); (6) the structure forming the
skeleton of a panelled door; + door-gate, an en-
trance ; door-head, the upper part of a door-case ;
door-land (.Sc.), a plot oe near a door (For-
syth Beauties Scotl. IV. 254); door-money,
money taken at the door of a place of entertain-
ment; + door-neighbour, a near or next-door
neighbour; door-piece +(@) a curtain before a
door; (4) see quot. 1869; + door-pin, the ‘ pin’
or bolt of a door; door-plane (see quot.) ; door-
sign, a sign upona door; door-stone, a threshold
stone, a flagstone before a door; door-stop, a
device to stop a door from opening too widely or
closing too forcibly ; also, the slip of wood against
which it shuts in its frame; door-swell, a kind of
swell-box in an organ; door-weed, a name for
Polygonum aviculare (Dunglison Med. Lex. 1857).
1874 Knicut Dict, Mech.,* Door-alarm, a device attached
to a door, to give an audible notice when the door is opened,
1624 Bepett Let?, iii. 59 By the most chaffie that
euer was set before the eyes “+e Fowle, [you] were
b ht to the *doorefall R. B, Anperson tr. Ryd-
ve’s Teut. Mythol. 214 The *door-frames were covered
with the soot of centuries. a1g29 SkeLton Womanhod,
| *door-stane.’
yrs
DOOR-PLACE.
Wanton, &c., 26 Of
2703 Moxon Mech.
PEIGHT eS per 410 The “*door-lintel..was ..
7
.
Lf
&
ae
fe
— thoy deny tt 8s Sp Roce eaneee ie
:
FE
iG
P
ion of a lift of
£
4
g
E
=}
z
f
s
wee
#
may be p i
1881 Younc £ Man own Mechanic
§ 1285 The *door-stops may be nailed to the casing and the
door hung. 1852 Serpe. 2 27 The roof or “door
..when accurately constructed (of oak wood), is the best.
Doora, doorah, var. of Durra.
+ Doo'r-band. O¢s. A strip-hinge (see Bayp
| 5b.1 3); also, (?) the bolt or fastening of a door.
| Beverlac (1829) 622 Pro 4 doore
runout. + Zoset one’s hand to the |
sth
1838 Dickens O. 77st xxvi, Fumbling in his |
A *dore-lock of a |
08 Such a terrible |
1379 Mem. Ripon (Surtees) 111. 102 Et in j doreband
elongand. ibidem, 1d. -. Nom. in Wr.-Wiilcker 7 25
Hic gumfus, a dor » oi Compotus in Pou
nds 12d,
+ Door-bar. Ods. [see Bar sd.1 8.] A bar
of wood, iron, etc. put across a door to secure it.
13.. Sir Benes 1622+ 43 (MS. C) The dore barre he toke
honde And slewe all pat he pere fonde. 1425 Voc. in Wee
Wiilcker 667/39 Hoc re, lum, dorebar. 1575 J. Sti.
Gamm. Gurton v. ii. in Hazl. Dodsley 111. 242 Onles thy
head and my doore-bar kyste. 1617 Yanna Ling. 742 The
snaile creepeth beyond the doore-barres.
spell. a. A bell in a house, connected
with the door by a wire, and rung by means of a
handle. b. A bell fixed on a door or door-case so
as to be rung in opening the door ; =door-alarm.
c1815 Jane Austen Persuas. (1833) II. ii. 330 Lady
Russell could not hear the door-bell. 1875 TatmaGE Around
Tca-table ii. 8 The storm was so great that the door-bell
went to sleep.
Doorr-case. [Case sd.2 5.] The case or
frame lining a doorway, in which the door is hung.
1 Bond in Ducarel Hist, Croydon App. (1783) 154,
x d. the foote for the dorecases. 1665 Perys Diary 7
The window-cases, door-cases, and chimneys, of all the
house are marble, 1762-71 H. Warore Vertue's Anecd.
Paint. (1786) 111. 147 Door-cases of alabaster with rich
foliage. 1886 Wits & CLark pci 1. 489 The west
door-case..appears to be of the same yellow stone.
Doo’r-cheek. Now worth. dial, [CnEex sd.
9.] One of the side-posts of a door ; a door-
1535 CoverDALe J/sa. vi. 3 The geastes and dorechekes
moued at their crienge. 160r Hottanp Pliny II, 313 The
side posts or dore cheeks of any house. 161a-15 Br. Haut
Contempl. O. T. vin. i, The destroying angel sees the
doore-cheekes of the Israelites sprinkled with red.
Scorr Hrt. Midi. x, ‘1 daur ye..to name sic a word at my
door-cheek !’ 18g5 E. Waucu Lanc. Life (1857) 198
hale old man..leaned against the door-cheek.
Doore, obs. f. Door, DowEr.
Doored (doe1d), a. [f. Doorn+-zp?.] Having
a door or doors; chiefly in comd., as low-doored.
1839 Baitey Festus (1854) 97 The open doored
1861 Neate Notes pd & etc. 25 It is Loser Sa
doored pews. 1892 E. Reeves Homeward Bound 304
ing. . by doored archway
Dooring, error for door-ring: see in 7.]
‘r-keeper, doo'rkeeper. One who keeps
or guards a door; a janitor, porter, ostiary, P
1535 Coverpate 1 Chron. x. [ix.] 26 Vnto these foure maner
of chefe dorrk were the Leuites committed. — Ps,
Ixxxiii. (Ixxxiv.] 10 A dore keper in the house of my God.
1576 Fieminc Panopi. Epist. 354 The isa ¢
dorekeeper. 1608 Suaxs. Per. 1V. vi. 126 Avaunt,
damned door-keeper! 1809-10 Cotenince Friend (1865)
179 Privileged. .to pass into the theatre without s
the door-keeper's box.
Doo'rless, «.
axs0o Grave in Ei Beitr. (89a) 11 Dureleas is
hus. azaco Worcester Fi . ibid. 3 On durelease
huse. 1818 Scorr Art, Midi. xf The doorless Liga |
A. Arnowp in Contemp. Rev. June 41 Doorless
rman: see DooRsMAN, ‘
Door-mat. A mat placed before a door for
cleaning the Poa before entering.
H £7 ~6A venient substance to
make Bedemates, or Boor-matts of. 1808 Med. Fra. KIX.
1 Of this plant..door mats or basses are made.
4 Our jesting
th
W. Exswortn Roxd, Baill, V. u. p. xi,
upon the door-mat with the Reader.
Door-nail. A large-headed nail, wi
doors were formerly studded for strength
tion, or ornamentation: now chiefly in
terative phr. as dead, deaf, dumb,
nail: see DEAD a, 32 b., DEaF a. 1 4.,
See by Todd to be The nail on which
doors the knocker struck’. ae of this
Dean a, 32) Riley Lond.
(as sav go dora aoa a Alexander
Bio Dom as a dore-na’ was «
D b. Mrs. GaSKELL North ¢ 3
xvii, Pho wort bn Fn + Bone 1866 Rocers Agric.
& Prices 1. 497 ——— floor and roof-nails. ,
. DURN,
ie
E
i
F
F
et
i
a ee Pe
pee -LEss.] Having no door, ~
DOOR-PLATE.
cover'd a Door-place in the wall.
A door-place now walled up, which led into the. .church.
Doo'r-plate. <A plate, usually of metal, on
the door of a house or room, bearing the name, etc.
of the resident.
* Spirit Pub. Frnis. (1824) 94 Door plates of misters
an
door-plate. 1 ‘, M. Crawrorp Rom. Singer 1. 23 A
marble door-plate, engraved in black with his name.
Doo'r-post. e post on each side of a door-
way, on one of which the door is hung.
1535 CoverDALE ek. xlv. 19 The dorepostes of the ynner-
mer courte. 15§5r CrowLey Pleasure & Payne 93 Ye deafe
dorepostis, coulde ye not heare? 1840 Dickens Old C.
Shop xviii, The landlord was leaning against the door-
Pont : :
Doorr-sill. The sill or threshold of a door.
1563-87 Foxr A. § M. (1596) 259/1 To Rome. .to uisit the
doorsels of the Apostles [dimzixa Apostolorum). 1681 W.
Ropertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 494 A door-cill, or thres-
hold of a door. 1758 Jounson /dler No. 15 ® 2 She. .stands
gaping at the door-sill. 186x Gro, Exiot Sédas M. i. (L.),
e€ invited no comer to step across his door-sill.
Doo'rsman, doo‘rman. An attendant at the
door of a shop or place of entertainment.
1858 Evening Star 18 June, Doorsman to a photographic
artist. 1895 Daily News 10 Jan. 5/2 A ‘doorsman,’ whose
business it was to. .invite the patronage of the public.
Doo'r-stead. [Sreap, a place.] A place for
a door; a doorway.
1552 [see Door-pLacr. ] a Nottingham Ree. IV. 283
That the doresteades be walled vp. 1617 in Willis & Clark
Cambridge (1886) 1. 204 Two doorsteedes with free stone
james and white stone heddes. x Warsurton Lett.
(1809) 392 Did nobody clog up the King's door-stead more
than I. 1849 Fraser's Mag. XL. 540 He was struck with
lightning on his grandmother's doorstead.
b. A timber framing, like a door-case, used -to
support the roof of a gallery, in coal-mining. ? Ods.
1747 Hooson Miner's Dict. Giij, The Side-pieces..we
call Doorsted-Forks; they have a collar on the Top-end in
which the Head-tree resteth.
Doo'r-step. The step at the threshold of a
door, raised above the level of the ground outside.
1810 Cromek Rem. Nithsdale Song 301 (Jam.) Coupe
re dish-water farther frae yere door-step. 1840 Dickens
Old C. Shop U1. x. 74 She..sat down upon a door-step. 1874
L. Srernen Hours in Library Boe) IL. vi. 200 The
prudent person whose charity ends at his own doorstep.
+ Doo'r-tree. Ods. =Door-post, Door-Bar.
c1ago Gen. § Ex. 3155 De dure-tren and de uuerslazen,
wid ysope de blod ben drazen. c 1300 Havelok 1806 Haue-
lok lifte up the dore-tre And..he slow hem thre. 1377
Lanct. P. PZ. B. 1. 185 As ded as a dore-tree.
Doo'rward, sé. arch. Also 4 durward,
-warth. [f. OE. weard warden, keeper.] A door-
keeper, porter, janitor. An official title under the
early Scottish monarchy ; =warder of the palace.
cso Lindisf. se Sotase 3Dissumde duruard [ Ags. Gosp.
Seatweard]ontyned. c 1000 Aiirric Past. Ep.» 34 in Thorpe
Laws M1. 378 (Bosw.-T.) Ostiarius is duruweard. c 1205
Lay. 17672 He wende to pan burhjate..and gratte pene
dureward, 1340 Ayend. 121 Ee yefbe of drede is be doreward
to pe greate preste. 1375 Barsour Bruce ut. tor Thar
surname wes makyne-drosser ; That is al-so mekill to say
her As ‘the Durwarth sonnys’ perfay. 1605 CAMDEN
Rem. (1637) 126 Dooreward, that is, Porter. 1828-40
Tyrer Hist. Scot. (2879) I. 248 The Chamberlain, and the
hostiarius or doorward. Burton Hist. Scot. 11. 213
Nicholas de Soulis, descended of the marriage of Marjory,
a natural daughter of Alexander II, to Alan the Durward.
Doo'rward, -wards, adv. (adj.) [see -warp.]
Towards the door. ,
¢ 1400 Beryn 477 And drow3e to Kittis dorward to herken
and to list. 1838 D. Jerrotp Mex of Char. i. (Hoppe), His
landlord began to cast significant glances Sosiraels.
Doo'rway. The opening or passage which a
door serves to close or open; the space in a wall
occupied by a door and its adjuncts ; a portal.
1799 Soutuey Eng. Eclog. vi, Sitting at evening in that
open door-way. 1858 Loner. MZ. Standish 1x. 57 The
bridegroom went forth and stood with the bride at the
doorway. 1874 Parker /dlusty. Goth. Archit. 1. iii. 59
e rich Doorways form one of the most important features
of late Norman work,
attrib, 1864 WeBsterR, Door-way-plane, the space between
the door-way, pro rly so called, and the larger door-arch-
way within which it is placed. It is often richly orna-
mented with sculptured figures.
}00'r- 2 OS A
about the door of a house.
1854 Lowett Cambr, (Mass.) 30 Vrs. Ago Prose Wks.
1890 I. 59 The flowers which decked his little door-yard,
1878 Emerson in NV. Amer. Rev. CKXVI. 412 We send to
England for shrubs, which grow as well in our own door-
yards and cow-pastures.
Doosen, doozen, obs. forms of Dozen.
Doost, dooth, obs. f. dost, doth: see Do v.
Doote, obs. form of Dorr.
Dooty, var. f. Dxort, loin-cloth.
+ Dop, v. Oss. [ME. doppen:—OE. type *dop-
zan, represented by freq. doppettan to dip, immerse,
aptize, and sbs. doppa, dop-enid, DorrE; f. weak
le of *deup-an: see Dip v. and DepE v.]
1. zntr. To descend or sink suddenly into water
or the like, to 9 ot ‘pop’ down; to dive.
¢ 1380 Wyctir Sevm. Sel. Wks. I. 246 Pei doppen now to
helle, 1398 Trevisa Barth. De P. R. xu. xxvi. (1495) 429
~The Gomes Mergulus and hath that name BF ofte
-doppynge plungynge. 1579-80 Nortu Plutarch (1676)
yard or garden-patch
1805 Mod. Lond. 189 |
mes. ~ re Dickens S%. Bos (1850) 70/1 The brass |
603
421 Like Tonny Fish they be, which swiftly dive and dop
into the depth of Ocean Sea. 1682 DryvpEN Unhappy Fa-
vourile Epil. 2 We..like drowning men, But just peep up,
and then dop down again.
2. To duck or suddenly drop the head or body ;
to curtsy. :
c 1587 in Hazl. £. P. P. IL. 126 This fained frier. .dopped
than, and greet this man religiously and ofte. 1635 J.
Rous Diary (Camden) 79 He dops, ducks, bowes, as made
all of joints. 1692 Dennis Poems in Burlesque 9, 1 dopt
for safety as an Officer Does ina Fight, when he’s a Novice.
3. trans. To immerse smartly, to dip (as in
baptism).
1538 Bate God's Promises vu. in Dodsley O. PZ. I. 36
Preache to the people .. Doppe them in water—they know-
ledgynge their offence. 1633 Rocrers 7veat. Sacram.
1. 78 Hee should bee baptized, which word signifieth .. to
= or dop the body, or some part of it, into the water.
. Angling. (trans, and intr.) =Dapr v. I.
1651 T. Barker Art of Angling (1653) 7 Dop your Flie
behinde a Bush, which angling I have had good sport at;
we call it doping. 1653 WaLTon Avzgler iv. 118 With these
[flies] and a short line, as I showed to angle for achub—you
may dap or dop.
Hence Do'pping v0. sé. and Afi. a.
1398 [see 1]. 1897 15¢ Pt. Return fr. Parnass. Prol. 2
That dopping curtesie, That fawninge bowe. 1654 H.
L’Estrance Chas. /. (1655) 96 Erecting of fixed altars, the
dopping and cringing raed them. _
+ Dop, sé.'! Ods. [f. prec. vb.] A curtsy, a dip.
1599 B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. v. ii, The Venetian dop
this. 1650 T. Bayty /erba Parietis 28 Making many
pretty dops, and curtchees. 1704 D’UrFey /ed/ beyond H.
94 Salutes the Punts with Bows and Dops. @1825 Forsy
Voce. E. Anglia, Dop, a short quick curtsey.
Dop (dep), 54.4 [a. Du. dof shell, husk, cover.]
+1. The pupa-case or cocoon of an insect. rare.
1yoo LeuweNHOECK in PAil. Trans. XXII. 640, I have
seen some flies as soon as ever they came out of their Dop.
2. Diamond-cutting. A small copper cup with
a handle, into which a diamond is cemented, to
be held while being cut or polished.
1764 Croker, etc. Dict. Arts §& Sc. s.v. Diamond-cutting,
Diamonds, soldered into a hollow piece of metal: the work-
men call them dops. 1882 Standard 5 Sept. 6/2 ‘The
olisher sets the diamond in a mass of solder held in a little
rass cup about an inch in diameter, with a string of stout
copper wire fora handle. This instrument is called a ‘dop’.
op, obs. form of DEEe.
Dopchick, -en, obs. or dial. = DaBcuick.
Dope (dowp). [app. a, Du. doop dipping, sauce,
etc., f. doopen to dip.]
1. Any thick liquid or semi-fluid used as an
article of food, or as a lubricant. U.S.
18.. Sci. Amer. Supp. XXII. 9033 (Cent.) ‘Dope’, a prepa-
ration of pitch, tallow, and other ingredients, which, being
sapiee to the bottom of the shoes, enables the wearer to
lightly glide over the snow softened by the rays of the sun.
. An absorbent material used to hold a lubri-
cant ; the absorbent element in a high explosive.
1880 Trans. Amer. Inst. Min, Eng. VAIN. 417 Hercules
powder. .contains a very large proportion of nitrate of soda
. .the remainder of the dope being incombustible carbonate
of magnesia. 1881 Raymonp J/ining Gloss. s.v. Explosives,
Giant-powder, a mixture of nitroglycerin with a dry pul-
verized mineral or vegetable absorbent or dope.
Dople, Doplyt, obs. forms of DouBLE, -rT.
+ Doppe. Oss. [OE. doppa in dufedoppa:
see DiveDAP, and Dor v.] A bird that dops or
dives ; a dabchick.
13.. K. Adis. 5776 Hy plumten doune, as an doppe, In the
water, at on scoppe.
+ Do'pper!. Oés. Also 5 dooper, dowpar.
[f. Dor v. + -ER1.] One who or that which ‘ dops’.
1. A diving-bird, a didapper.
c1440 Promp. Parv. 127/1 Doppar, or dydoppar, watyr
byrde. 1530 Patscr. 214/2 Doppar, byrde. 1634 W. Woop
New Eng. Prosp. 1. viii, Snites, Doppers, Sea-Larkes.
2. A fishing-rod used in ‘ dopping’ or dapping.
1688 R. Hotme Armoury ut. 103/1 A Dopper is a strong
long Rod very tite.
Dopper®* (dgpor). Also 7 doper. » [ad. Du.
dooper, dipper, baptist, f. doofen to dip ;