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From the Transactions of the
NATURAL History SOCIETY OF GLASGOW,

Vol. VII. (New Series), Part I., 1902-1903.

Uy.

ON SOME ENTOMOSTRACA FROM THE
GULF OF ST. LAWRENCE.

BY

HEOMAS: SCOTT: SE1:.D.; F-L.S:

Separate Copies—Issued February, 1905.

eee:

Bets

46 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.

On Some Entomostraca from the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
By Tuomas Scort, LL.D., F.L.S.

Puate II.

[Read 28th April, 1903.]

Tun Entomostraca which form the subject of the following
observations were obtained in some tow-net gatherings sub-
mitted to me for examination by my friend, Mr. Alexander
Patience, of Glasgow.

The gatherings, which were contained in several small bottles,
were all obtained by means of a towing net, and were probably
collected at or near the surface of the water. One of them
was collected off Griffins Cove in 1872, and another in Shediac
Bay in 1873. The other gatherings were simply labelled,
“Towing net, Gulf of St. Lawrence, 1873.” They are all in
fairly good preservation, notwithstanding the length of time
they have been immersed in spirit.

This, though a small collection, is of special value from the
interesting species contained in it, and though no new forms
have been observed, the distribution of several of the species
mentioned has been considerably extended.

The number of species observed in the collection is eighteen ;
fourteen of them belong to the Copepoda and four to the
Branchiopoda. Their names are as follow :—

COPEPODA.
Fam. CALANIDZ..
Calanus (?) helgolandicus, Claus.

Fam. PARACALANID2.
Paracalanus parvus, Claus.

Fam. PsEUDOCALANID#.
Pseudocalanus elongatus, Boeck.

Fam. EucH#TIp2.
Eucheta (?) marina, Prestandrea,

Trans. NaT. Hist. Soc. Gas., VoL. VII. (N.S.)

EXPLANATION OF PLATE II.

Figure 1.—-Eurytemora herdmani, one of the 5th feet, - = (Geese
we a ae s small form, - : aS QOusca sas
EA 3.—Labidocera estiva, : - zs 5 : = + Ox 185:
ee z a ey ee Se 5 i Leelee
e 5.—Acartia giesbrechti, - - - : 5 - Q x 270.
” G.— -,; ” = - - - - - 6 x 216.
As L—),, a abdomen, = = s > 2x 166:
te ss 0 SAL oye coi GS oe ee Ree 06.
zs 9.— ,, clausi, one of the 5th feet, : = SS 270!
35, 10; -,; ., abdomen, = - - : - Qx 79.

Natural size of the species mentioned above—

Eurytemora herdmani, large form, - - 6161 m., 2 152 mm.
. ry CTC) ee am Glee elle ee

Labidccera estiva, - : : - : $249,, 9249 ,,

Acartia giesbrechti, - - - - - $129 ,, 91.52 ,,

>, Clausi, - - - - s - Gil 00's. 1:00)

ENTOMOSTRACA FROM THE GULF OF ST. LAWRENCE. 47

Fam. CENTROPAGIDA.
Centropages hamatus (Lilljeborg).
Isias clavipes, Boeck.

Fam. TEMORID.
Temora longicornis (O. F. Miller).
Eurytemora herdmani, 1. C. Thompson and A. Scott.

Fam. PoNTELLID&.
Anomalocera patersoni, Templeton.
Labidocera estiva, Wheeler.

Fam. ACARTIIDE.

Acartia clausi, Giesbrecht.

Acartia Giesbrechti, Dahl.

Tortanus discaudatus (I. C. Thompson and A. Scott).
Fam. CycLoPip.

Oithona similis, Claus.

BRANCHIOPODA.

Fam. ARGULIDZ.
Argulus alose, Gould.

Fam. PoLyPHEMID (Cladocera).
Evadne nordmanni, Loven.
Podon polyphemoides, Leuckart.
Podon leuckarit, G. O. Sars.

NovTES ON THE VARIOUS SPECIES.

Calanus (?) helgolandicus, Claus.—Calani were numerous in
this collection, and were apparently all of the same species,
but unfortunately they were nearly all more or less immature,
so that among them all I did not find a single adult male;
from a careful examination of the largest and most perfect of
the specimens, however, I am inclined to ascribe them to the
species mentioned above. Calanus helgolandicus has a close
resemblance to C. finmarchicus, even in details of structure,
so that without perfect specimens the two are easily confounded.
Professor G. O. Sars, in some remarks on the distribution of
the two forms, says that C. finmarchicus seems to be charac-
teristic of the Arctic zone, being specially abundant between
Greenland and Behring Island, whereas C. helgolandicus has

48 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.

apparently a more southern range. The island of Anticosti, in
the Gulf of St. Lawrence, is situated, roughly speaking, between
the 49th and 50th degrees of North Latitude, and therefore
considerably south of the Arctic Circle; but, on the other hand,
the cold current which comes down the Labrador coast might
carry the Arctic C’. finmarchicus as far south as the Straits of
Belle Isle, where the species could find an entrance into the
Gulf of St. Lawrence. Still, keeping these contingencies in
view, I am inclined to consider our Calanus as belonging to the
more southern species.

Paracalanus parvus, Claus.—A male and one or two immature
female specimens of this small Calanoid were obtained in the
gathering collected off Griffins Cove. Though one of the smallest
of the Calanoida, the species has a wide distribution, and it is
interesting to find it in this collection. The identification of
the species required the dissection of the only male specimen
observed.

Pseudocalanus elongatus, Boeck.—Several specimens of this
common and widely distributed species were obtained; they
occurred in three of the samples.

Eucheta (?) marina, Prestandrea.—This species was moderately
frequent in the sample labelled “ Off Griffins Cove, 1872,” and
one or two specimens were also observed in another sample
collected in 1873. Most of the specimens were immature; no
adult males were obtained, but there were one or two that had
nearly reached the mature stage. Though I feel satisfied that
the specimens obtained belong to 2. marina, which is the only
species they best agree with, the presence of adult males would
have made identification of the species more certain.

Centropages hamatus, Lilljeborg. — This species occurred
somewhat sparingly in at least two of the samples—in the
sample collected off Griffins Cove and in that collected in
Shediac Bay.

Isias clavipes, Boeck. A single specimen of /sias was obtained
in the gathering collected off Griffins Cove in 1872. This ap-
pears to be a distinctly new station for the species.

Temora longicornis (O. F. Miiller). — This occurred very
sparingly in the samples from Griffins Cove and Shediac Bay,
and in another labelled “Towing net, Gulf of St. Lawrence,

~~

ENTOMOSTRACA FROM THE GULF OF ST. LAWRENCE. 49

1873.” It is a widely distributed form in the North Atlantic,
and occurs sometimes in great abundance.

vo Eurytemora herdmani, I. C. Thomson and A. Scott.*—A
considerable number of specimens of this Hurytemora were
obtained in a gathering collected by “towing net” in the Gulf
of St. Lawrence in 1873; it also occurred in the samples from
Griffins Cove and Shediac Bay. The species was described from
specimens collected by Professor Herdman, of Liverpool, in the
St. Lawrence, chiefly between Quebec and Rimouski, in August
and September, 1897. Though Professor Herdman found the
Eurytemora common between Rimouski and Quebec, it became
scarcer to seaward, and none were obtained east of Anticosti
Island. It would appear from this, that like the other members
of the genus Hurytemora, the distribution of LH. herdmani is
limited to water that is more or less of a brackish character.
Two forms of this species, a larger and a smaller, were obtained.
The smaller differed from the larger and typical form by pos-
sessing slightly fewer spinules on the spines of the fifth foot
of the female. For the purpose of distinguishing this small
form it might be called variety manor (see Pl. II., figs. 1 and 2).

Anomalocera patersoni, Templeton.—A single example of this
fine species was obtained in a gathering collected by towing
net in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in 1873, but the exact locality
is not given. It is a large and easily recognised species.

Labidocera estiva, W heeler.—PI1. IT, figs. 3 and 4.—Two or three
specimens of a Pontella-like form, which my son identifies as
Wheeler’s Labidocera aestwa, occurred in the gathering collected
in Shediac Bay. The species is described by Professor Wheeler
in Vol. XIX. of the Bulletin of the United States Fisheries
Commission. Shediac Bay appears to be a new station for
this species.

Acartia clausi, Giesbrecht.— Pl. IT., figs. 9 and 10.—This species
occurred very sparingly in the same gathering with the
Lalidocera, and in another collected off Griffins Cove. It was
also observed in a third gathering, but the exact locality is not
stated. A. Mifilosa resembles somewhat closely the Acartia

* 1897. Hurytemora herdmani, Thompson and Scott, Liverpool Biol.
Soc., Vol. XIL., p. 78, Pl. V., figs. 1-11.
D

50 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.

claust of Giesbrecht, but the spines of the female fifth feet
are more slender and straight, or nearly so. In these Gulf of
St. Lawrence specimens the spines of the female fifth feet,
though moderately stout and curved, as in Acartza clausi, are
proportionally rather more elongated than in typical specimens
(see fig. 9).

Acartia Giesbrechti, Dahl. Pl. IL., figs. 5-8.—A few specimens
of this species—chiefly males—were obtained in the gathering
from Shediac Bay. It resembles rather closely the, Acartra
tonsa of Dana, discovered by that naturalist in the South Pacific
Ocean; but my son, to whom I am indebted for the identifica-
tion of the species, points out that in the female A. tonsa each
foot of the fifth pair ends in a spine, but in the female of
A, Giesbrechti each foot of the fifth pair ends in a slender seta.
The specimens were found in company with those of the
Hurytemora herdmani, already mentioned, and as Dahl’s speci-
mens were obtained at the mouth of the River Tocantius, on
the north-eastern coast of Brazil, the normal habitat of the
species is probably estuarine rather than in the open sea.

Professor Wheeler has recorded Acartia tonsa as common at
Wood’s Hole. The occurrence of Acartia Gueshrechtc in the
Gulf of St. Lawrence adds considerably to the distribution of
the species.

Tortanus discaudatus, (I. C. Thompson and A. Scott).*—A
considerable number of specimens of this somewhat curious
species were obtained, especially in a gathering labelled “ Tow-
ing net, Gulf of St. Lawrence, 1873.” Though present in
gatherings collected off Griffins Cove and in Shediac Bay, the
number observed was much fewer.

The species was described from specimens collected by Pro-
fessor Herdman near the island of Anticosti, in the Gulf of
St. Lawrence, and it was also found plentifully in plankton
collected somewhat later by the same gentleman in Pugit
Sound, on the Pacific Coast. The name Corynwra was found
by Dr. Giesbrecht to be already in use, and substituted Zortanus
in its place.

* 1897. Corynura discaudata, Thomson and Scott, Trans. Liverpool
Biol. Soc., Vol. XII., p. 80, Pl. V1., figs. 1-11.; Pl. VIL., figs. 1, 2.

ENTOMOSTRACA FROM THE GULF OF ST. LAWRENCE. Hil

Oithona similis, Claus.—This species occurred very sparingly
in one of the gatherings mentioned above, along with Tortanus
discaudatus. It is a widely distributed species, and is some-
times frequent in the British seas, where it is usually referred
to under the name of Ovthona spinifrons, and sometimes
O. helgolandica, Claus. Ozthona similis is recorded by Dr.
Giesbrecht in his Report on the Copepoda obtained in the col-
lections brought from the Antarctic by the German Expedition
in the steam yacht “Belgica.” The same author has also
recorded the species from the Mediterranean and from Kiel.

Argulus alose, Gould.*—A single somewhat immature specimen
of this Argulus was obtained in a small sample of Copepoda
collected off Griffins Cove in 1872. This specimen, though not
full grown, possesses the more important characteristics by
which A. alose is distinguished, and I have no hesitation in
ascribing it to that species. The specimen measures fully four
millimetres in length, but the length of one full grown is,
according to Wilson’s description, seven and a-half millimetres.

The species appears to be confined to the coasts of North
America, and is found on several kinds of fishes, but that on
which it was first discovered by Dr. T. W. Harris is called the
Ale Wife, Clupea vernalis, Mitchell (Pomolochus pseudoharengus,
Wilson). Gould, who first described the Argulus alose, con-
sidered the Clupea vernalis to be identical with the European
Clupea vulgaris, Cuy. (C. alosa, Lin.), better known to us by the
name of Allis Shad; but Mr. C. B. Wilson, whose work is referred
to above, and from which the information given here is chiefly
obtained, says that this fish does not occur on the American
coast, while the Ale Wife is quite common, and from it have
been obtained most of the recent specimens of the Argulus
alose. It may, however, be of interest to mention that, accord-
ing to Day’s British Fishes, Vol. I., page 235, “Ale Wife” is
one of the names used by the Welsh fishermen to designate
both the Allis (or Allice) and the Twaite Shads.

Mr. J. F. Whiteaves reports the occurrence of an Argulus

* 1841. Argulus alose, Gould, Invertebrata of Massachusetts, p. 340.
1902. Argulus alose, C. B. Wilson, ‘‘ North American Parasitic Cope-
poda of the family Argulidae,” Proc. U.S.A. National Mus., Vol. XXV.,
ios; LEOALL PE RXVL, fig: 80.

52 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.

from the Gulf of St. Lawrence which is supposed to belong to
this species, and which was found on a kind of Stickleback,
Gasterosteus braculeatus, Shaw.

CLADOCERA.

The three species of Cladocera observed in these gatherings
from the Gulf of St. Lawrence are all common and widely dis-
tributed forms. Several examples of both Hvadne nordmanni
and Podon leuckartt were obtained, but the small Podon
polyphemoides was very rare, and it was only by dissecting
the one or two specimens noticed that I was sure of the species.

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