On West Indian Iguanidae and on West Indian Scincidae in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.

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ON WEST INDIAN REPTILES.
IG: UANIDZ.

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BY SAMUEL GARMAN,

Tuts notice contains a list of the species of Iguanide
at present represented in the Museum of Comparative Zo-
ology, at Cambridge, Mass., with localities and notes,
and with descriptions of such as are new or little known.
It includes a tolerable proportion of all the species hith-
erto recognized as belonging to this region, together with
quite a number that do not appear to have been described.
The list was prepared some years ago, but, owing to un-
certainty in regard to some of the species discovered in
the early part of the century, the types being inaccessible
and the descriptions insufficient, it was laid aside until it
might be put into more satisfactory shape. The splendid
catalogues of Doctor Boulenger, recently published, have
made it possible to identify with confidence many species ;
which previously were, in the absence of typical speci-
mens, only conjectural. The Doctor’s classification has
been followed pretty closely in the main; the departures
made are principally due to differences of opinion con-
cerning names adopted or the relative rank of certain
forms. In answer to objections that may be urged against
bringing varieties as prominently forward as is usual with
species, it may be said that the nature of the case seems
to demand it; abrupt separation and isolation on the dif-
ferent islands and consequent absence of gradual shading
of the varieties, one into another, appear to entitle them
to more prominence.

1 (2)

HOON

2 ON WEST INDIAN REPTILES.

Unless otherwise specified the collections were made by
the writer.

XIPHOCERCUS VALENCIENNIL Dum. Bibr., 1837.

A female has transverse bands of light brown on the
limbs, a band across the neck, another immediately be-
hind the shoulders and another in front of the thighs on
the flanks; the tail is ringed with brownish; between
the eye and the ear on each side of the head there is a
quadrangular space enclosed by four short narrow lines of
brown ; a streak of light color extends from the loreal re-
gion beneath the eye to the angle of the mouth; the gular
fold is purple with a creamy border; the lips are black ;
the upper and the lower surface of the head are whitish ;
there are short, narrow longitudinal streaks of brown ar-
ranged in transverse series on the flanks; and along the
median line of the back there are several small, transverse
blotches of brownish, with others of light color.

On a young one, less than an inch in length of body,
the markings are similar though much lighter; a light
brown band crosses the supraoculars and passes down-
ward through the eye across the lips; vertical lines of
brown cross both lips in front of the eyes; the gular fold
is of a pink tint. In this little one the goitre is compar-
atively large, although the short snout, not longer than
the orbit, convex on the upper surface, the disproportion-
ate size of the eye and the bulged, swollen appearance of
the parietal region indicate that it had been but a short
time out of the egg.

Kingston, Jamaica.

ANOLIS EQUESTRIS Merrem, 1820.
There are five large specimens in the collection which
are referred to this species. One of the lot is said to

27

IGUANIDE. 3

come from Bahia, and, on examination of more individu-
als from the same locality, it may be found necessary to
give a different specific name. It does not entirely agree
with the others in shape in front of the eyes, where the ros-
tral canthus curves outward more, making a broader
snout. It differs to some extent in the squamation of the
top of the head, but the scales are so confused it is diffi-
cult to discover the lines of separation. The number of
lamelle appears about the same as in the others.
Cuba; Bahia. ? Coll.

ANOLIS RICORDII Dum. Bibr., 1837.

On a female from Samana, San Domingo, all of the su-
praoculars are keeled; the occipital scale is very small,
hardly larger than the surrounding granules, but marked
by the white spot in the centre; the color is a grayish
brown, the light-colored transverse bands being sprinkled
with brown scales and the brown spaces with lighter
ones. Collected by M. A. Frazar.

ANOLIS CUVIERI Merr., 1820.

A large specimen, presented by Dr. Aug. Stahl, of
Porto Rico, is of a uniform bluish color, without the
brown spots on the vertebral line ; it is tinted with yellow
beneath ; the gular fold is yellow; and the frontal region
and a streak from the loreal region beneath the eyes are
whitish.

ANOLIS GUNDLACHII Pirs., 1876.

Young specimens have a vertebral band of yellowish
color.

From Dr. Aug. Stahl, Porto Rico.

ANOLIS CRISTATELLUS Dum. Bibr., 1837.
Collected by Professor Ackerman, Port au Prince,
Hayti; Dr. D. F. Weinland, Jeremie, Hayti; J. A. Al-

4 ON WEST INDIAN REPTILES.

len, St. Thomas; and S. Garman, Bayamon, Porto Rico,
Morant Island and St. Thomas.

ANOLIS SORIPTUS sp. 0D.

Head moderate, about one and three-fourths times as
long as broad, nearly one and a half times the length of
the tibia, with flat crown, very slightly concave on the fore-
head and on the occiput; frontal ridges ‘low, diverging
anteriorly ; with three large blunt-keeled scales ; upper
head scales with low keels ; scales of the supraorbital semi-
circles large, in contact on the median line, or separated
by a single row of small scales, continued as the frontal
series ; seven to nine enlarged, feebly-keeled supraoculars,
separated from the supraorbitals by a single row of gran-
ules ; occipital as large as the ear opening, separated from
the supraorbitals by three or four series; rostral canthus
sharp, of four scales; loreal rows four to six; six or seven
labials to below the middle of the eye. Gular appendage
moderate, smooth scaled. Body very little compressed,
with a low dorso-nuchal fold. In the female, the goitre
forms a low, longitudinal fold without the fan-like lobe.
All seales obtusely keeled; dorsal and lateral granular,
becoming larger toward a couple of rows of enlarged
scales on the vertebral fold; ventrals larger than the dor-
sals, little smaller than the antefemorals, imbricate, with
rounded posterior margins and feeble keels. Limbs mod-
erate, the adpressed hind limb reaches the eye; digital
expansions medium, twenty-two under phalanges ii and iii
of the fourth toe. Tail compressed, slender posteriorly,
more than twice the length of the body and head, with a
sharp crest of unequal scales. On the male the neural
spines support a fin-like expansion extending not more
than half the length. Enlarged post-anal scales.

Gray, greenish, bluish, or brownish, bronzed, with or
without spots or vermiculations of brown on nape, flanks,

os

5

IGUANIDZ.

chin and limbs; lips with or without brown spots. <A
young one hasa large, rounded white-edged spot of brown
above each shoulder; on another these spots are obsolete.

Readily distinguished from A. cristatellus, which it
closely resembles, by the greater size of the two verte-
bral rows.

From Professor L. Agassiz; Silver and Lena Keys,
Fla.

ANOLIS STRIATULUS Cope, 1861.

From Professor Ackerman, Port au Prince, Hayti;
Dr. Aug. Stahl, Porto Rico; Hassler Expedition, St.
Thomas.

ANOLIS GINGIVINUS Cope, 1864.
Dr. W. J. Branch, Anguilla Island.

ANOLIS BIMACULATA, Sparrman sp.

These notes are taken from forty-six specimens secured
on St. Kitts. The species is usually confounded with sev-
eral others to which it is somewhat closely allied. It is
distinguished by the size of its granules, the four to five
loreal series, the broad smooth plates in front of the thigh,
the meeting of the opposite supraorbital series on the
forehead, in seven specimens of each eight, and by the
coloration.

The color is blue or green, grayish to brownish; white
beneath. Posteriorly, on the flanks and on the tail, usually
there are present a number of small spots of black, irregu-
larly scattered but often forming a rounded bunch in front
of the thigh on the side of the abdomen. Above the
axilla there is most often a rounded black spot. Rarely
it is continued forward as a band to the angle of the mouth.
From the upper labials there is a light band crossing the
upper half of the ear to end on the flank above the shoulder.

6 ON WEST INDIAN REPTILES.

Above and in front of the shoulder, below the dark spot,
there is another band of light color, and there are faint
indications of a third from each side of the occiput to the
nape. The lips are yellowish; generally each bears a
series of dark spots, more or less numerous. Commonly
the head, from the hinder edge of the orbits forward above
the labials, is dark brown. The throat and neck are in
cases clouded by darker. The prominent marks are the
black spots above the axilla, the white patch in front of
the shoulder, the dark mark behind the ear, and the smal]
black specks. None of these specimens have series of
ocellate spots on the flanks. We have specimens of this
lizard from Nevis, also, where it is the “Blue lizard”; this
raises the question as to the identity of Merrem’s species
with Edwards’ lizard from Jamaica.

ANOLIS OCULATUS, sp. Cope, 1879.

At several points on Dominica a lot of eighty-one spec-
imens was gathered. From them it is evident that the
species should not be united with A. bimaculatus of Sparr-
man, althouglithey discover a considerable amount of va-
riation. In color they range from light grey to nearly
uniform dark brown. On the majority the white marks
form transverse series of six to eight spots each. A spot
near the middle of the flank in each series is larger and
more distinct than the others; in this way a longitudinal
row is formed on each side which persists on specimens
from which the transverse series have faded. In cases
there is a short white line from the shoulder backward ;
occasionally there is also a second, parallel to the first,
separated from it by a dark space. Above the shoulder,
and a little backward, there is usually a dark spot includ-
ing one of the white ones, often including a white one in
each side of it, and behind this a short distance another,

0)

3

IGUANIDZA. 4

the latter frequently followed by athird oraseries. Some
are freckled by white specks on body and tail. Many
have dark spots on the upper edge of the tail. The bluish
white spot on the occipital scale is always present.

The females are not so much spotted as the males and
such marks as they have appear to be less distinct.

This species is separated from A. bimaculatus by its
smaller scales, by the sharp keel on the largest scales in
front of the thigh, by the greater number of loreal series,
by the separation of the supraorbital series on the fore-
head, and bythe coloration. It has six to eight loreal series
and the supraorbitals are separated by one to three series
of granules in seven of each eight individuals. There are
about twenty-three lamelle under phalanges ii and iii of
the fourth toe. This may be one of the two species A..
maculatus described by Dr. Gray, but it is not to be de-
termined from his description.

Hab. Dominica.

ANOLIS ASPER, sp. .

Head moderate, one and a half to one and two-thirds
times as long as broad, longer than the tibia, crown flat-
tened, cheeks swollen in the males; snout rather broad ;
forehead to occiput concave; frontal ridges low; upper
head scales not keeled; scales of the supraorbital semi-
circles broad, three pairs in contact on the median line,
usually separated from the occipital scale, which is about
the size of the ear-opening, by one to two rows; seven or
eight indistinctly keeled supraoculars, smooth in young,
most often in contact with the supraorbitals ; rostral canthus
sharp, straight, canthal scales three to four; loreal rows
three to four; six labials to below the centre of the eye;
ear opening rather small, vertically elongate. Gular fold
moderate, small on the female ; with smooth scales. Body

8 ON WEST INDIAN REPTILES.

little compressed, male with a dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal
scales small, granular, keeled, rough to the touch, larger
on the back than on the flanks; ventrals larger than dor-
sals, smooth under the abdomen ; antefemorals larger than
ventrals, keeled. The scales have a swollen appearance,
and on the larger specimens might be described as sub-
conical; this is especially marked near the occiput and
among the larger ones of vertebral rows. The adpressed
hind limb reaches the eye; digital expansions large; the
lamelle under phalanges ii and iii of the fourth toe num-
ber about thirty. Male with enlarged post-anal scales.
Tail compressed, not twice as long as head and body, with
a serrated upper edge, which in the male is borne on a
broad fin-like expansion.

Greenish or olivaceous to reddish brown or grayish on
the back and flanks, with or without cloudings of darker ;
forehead often darker; ventral surface lighter to whitish.

A series of more than thirty specimens was purchased
from Mr. W. B. Richardson who secured them on the isl-
and Marie Galante.

Closely allied to A. ferreus, Cope, from Guadaloupe ;
distinguished by small lateral scales, three pairs of supra-
orbitals in contact between the orbits, three to four loreal
rows, etc.

ANOLIS MARMORATUS Dum. Bibr., 1837.

As has been remarked by Dr. Boulenger, this species
is closely allied to A. bimaculatus. The principal distine-
tion lies in the coloration. The average size of our speci-
mens is much less; and apparently the snout is a trifle
more pointed, with canthus and ridges sharper.

Hab. Desirade. W. B. Richardson, 52 ex.

ANOLIS NUBILUS, sp. 0.
Head large, somewhat similar in shape to that of A.

4
4%

IGUANIDZE. 9

cristatellus, but longerand more pointed at the snout ; cheeks
and parietal regions swollen, about one and two-thirds
times as long as broad, much longer than the tibia; fore-
head and occiput slightly concave ; frontal ridges distinct,
but not high; upper head scales not keeled ; scales of the
supra-orbital semicircles large, more or less in contact on
the median line; eight to twelve enlarged faintly keeled
supraoculars, separated from the supraorbitals by a single
series ; occipital as large as the ear, separated from the
supraorbitals by two or three series of granular scales ;
canthus rostralis sharp, prominent, of three scales ; loreal
rows four to five; six to seven labials to below the cen-
tre of the eye; ear opening moderate, subelliptical, higher
than long. Gular appendage medium, small in the fe-
male, smooth scaled. Body compressed ; dorso-nuchal
fold distinct. Dorsal scales small, keeled, larger in a
couple of rows on the dorsal fold ; smaller on flanks ; scales
of belly larger, smooth, imbricate, posterior margin
rounded ; antefemorals still larger, keeled, five or six near
the knee about twice as broad as long, with several keels.
Limbs moderate, the adpressed hind limb reaches the eye ;
digital expansions rather large, lamellee under phalanges
ii and iii of the fourth toe about twenty-eight. Tail com-
pressed, with a low crest of subequal compressed scales,
one of each four being a trifle larger and marking the seg-
ments, less than twice as long as head and body. Male
with enlarged post-anal scales.

Grayish olive to olivaceous or reddish brown, with or
without specks of light color on flanks and legs. With in-
distinct cloudings of darker, forming transverse bands on
the tail and frequently also on the body. Ventral sur-
face whitish ; throat, at sides of the gular fold, darker.

Hab. Redonda. W. B. Richardson.

2

S _
10 ON WEST INDIAN REPTILES.

ANOLIs cepepit Merrem, 1820.
St. Pierre, Ft. de France, and Morne Rouge, Martin-
ique. Seventy-four specimens.

ANOLIS GENTILIS, var. D.

Head moderate, about one and two-thirds times as long
as broad, longer than the tibia; forehead with very little
concavity ; frontal ridges low ; upper head scales smooth ;
scales in the supraorbital semicircles enlarged, the ante-
rior one in each as large as three of the other four, the an-
terior four of each series in contact with the opposite four,
and the hinder pair of each in contact with the enlarged
occipital ; the scales forward from the largest supraorbital
rather small; internarials narrow, elongate ; nine to four-
teen enlarged feebly keeled supraoculars ; canthus rostralis
angular, capthal scales five or six; loreal rows four, rarely
five ; six or seven labials to below the centre of the eye.
Ear opening half as large as the occipital scale, vertically
oblong. Gular appendage moderate, covered with smooth
scales. A low dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal scales keeled,
small, larger in two or more of the vertebral rows, smaller
on the flanks ; ventrals still larger than the dorsals, smooth ;
antefemorals larger than the ventrals, keeled. The ad-
pressed hind limb hardly reaches the orbit ; digital expan-
sions larger than the average, twenty-two lamelle under
phalanges iiand iii of fourth toe. Male with a pair of en-
larged post-anal scales. Tail compressed, twice as long
as head and body ; a dorsal series of large compressed sub-
equal scales forms a crest ; ventral series large, and strongly
keeled in the two median rows.

Light grayish brown, with greenish, yellowish, or me-
tullic tints ; whitish beneath ; with five to seven broad trans.
verse badly defined bands of brownish between the head
and the tail; legs and arms with similar bands; body

<

Pi 3c

IGUANIDZ. ie

freckled or clouded with faint small blotches of brown and
occasionally a few black spots. Tail ringed with broad
bands and head clouded with brownish. A very young
specimen has a dark edged vertebral band of light color
which is not crossed by the transverse marks.

This variety of A. cepedii is known from twenty-five
specimens taken by the writer on Petit Martinique, one of
the Grenadines.

ANOLIS CINEREUS, var. n.

This variety of A. cepedii differs from A. trinitatis in
being more olive or bluish; the legs show more of the
lilac ‘color, and, on our specimens, the transverse bands
are obsolete. The color is intermediate between that of
light-grayish varieties, from Trinidad and Petit Marti-
nique, and the brownish, from Barbadoes.

Hab. Grenada. Twenty-four specimens.

ANOLIS TRINITATIS Reinh. & Liitk., 1862.

This form has a lighter, more grayish color than the
other varieties of A. cepedii, and in consequence the
transverse bands and the small black or brown spots are
more distinct.

Hab. Trinidad. Twenty-five examples, C. S. Caza-
bon and 8. Garman.

ANOLIS EXTREMUS, Var. n.

Head moderate, more than one and a half times as long
as wide, much longer than the tibia; forehead and occi-
put concave, deeply so in old specimens ; frontal ridges
prominent, diverging; snout about one and a half times
the length of the space between eye and ear; upper head
scales more or less rough; scales of the supraorbital
semicircles large, three or four pairs in contact across the
interorbital space, anterior one of each series very large,

12 ON WEST INDIAN REPTILES.

preceded by small ones in the frontal rows; ten to twelve
enlarged, keeled supraoculars, separated by two series of
granules from the supraorbitals ; occipital larger than the
ear, elongate, in contact with the supraorbitals; rostral
canthus distinct, of one long and three smaller scales ; lo-
real rows four to five ; five to six labials to below the cen-
tre of the eye; ear opening moderate, vertical diameter
longest. Gular appendage large, smooth scaled. Body
compressed ; a dorso-nuchal fold, surmounted by two
rows of slightly enlarged carinate scales. Dorsal scales
small, keeled, subhexagonal, smaller on the flanks. Ven-
trals little larger than the vertebrals, smooth, imbricate,
posterior borders rounded; antefemorals larger, faintly
keeled, one or two rows near the knee tricarinate. Ad-
pressed, the hind limb hardly reaches in front of the ear ;
digital expansions moderately large ; lamelle under pha-
langes ii and iii of the fourth toe about twenty-seven.
Tail slightly compressed, with a low crest of broad, keeled,
subequal scales. No enlarged post-anal scales.

Grayish-brown to brown or to olive; with transverse
bands which pass obliquely backward down the flank,
sometimes separated by lines of small, white spots, and
in cases the posterior margins are whitish. Belly white,
tinged with olive toward flank and thorax ; throat brown
at side of goitre, often clouded under the chin.

Young, rusty brown, with transverse bands on back,
tail and limbs; frequently «a vertebral series of black
spots, each of which is white-edged posteriorly.

Hab. Barbadoes. A variety of A. cepedii. Thirty

specimens, Hassler expedition and S. Garman.

ANOLIS GRISEUS, sp. n.
Head large, one and two-thirds to one and three-fourths
times as long as broad, shaped like that of A. cepedii,

f

IGUANIDA. 13

medium to large specimens with three pairs of ridges on
the top, concave on forehead and occiput, longer than the
tibia ; snout depressed ; prefrontal ridges low, forming an
acute angle between the nostrils, not meeting the supra-
orbitals ; upper head scales rough; scales of the supraor-
bital semicircles enlarged, separated from each other by
two (one to three) series and from the occipital by one
series of small scales; occipital twice as large as the ear
opening ; eight to twelve enlarged, keeled supraoculars,
separated from the supraorbitals by one row of granules ;
rostral canthus sharp, of four scales; loreal rows four to
five; five to six labials to below the centre of the eye;
ear opening small, vertical diameter largest. Gular ap-
pendages large, smaller in the female, scales indistinctly
keeled. A dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal scales keeled, small,
larger at the sides of the two rows of large, compressed,
elongate, keeled scales forming the crest on the fold,
smaller on the flanks; ventrals carinate, larger than the
dorsals, excepting the crest; antefemorals keeled, little
larger than the ventrals, if we except a couple of scales
immediately on the knee. Limbs long, the adpressed
hind leg reaches in front of the eye; digital expansion
moderate, about twenty-nine lamelle under phalanges ii
and iii of the fourth toe. Tail compressed, with a crest
in which the large scales are nearly equal, close upon two
and a half times as long as both head and body.

Grayish to brownish or olivaceous, clouded, freckled, or
spotted with brown and white. Sometimes with a few
rounded spots of black about the shoulders ; in such cases
the spots are arranged in series which descend backward
from the crest. Many have an indistinct brownish band
across the shoulders, the middle of the body, the femur
and the tibia; they also have bands across the digits and

i»

14 ON WEST INDIAN REPTILES.

the tail. Top and sides of head usually dark. Ventral
surface whitish.
Hab. St. Vincent. Twelve specimens.

ANOLIS TROSSULUS, sp. 0.

Head rather large, about one and two-thirds times as
long as wide, as long as the tibia; snout moderately
broad, one and a half times as long as the distance from
eye to ear; forehead and occiput concave, deeply so in
large specimens; frontal ridges low, short; some of the
upper head scales keeled ; scales of the supraorbital semi-
circles large, partly in contact or entirely separated be-
tween the orbits; nine to fifteen enlarged, keeled supra-
oculars, in contact with or separated from the supraorbital
semicircles ; occipital larger than the ear opening, in a cup-
shaped depression, in contact with or separated from the
supraorbitals ; rostral canthus angular, canthal scales two
large and two small; loreal rows five (four to six) ; five
to six labials to below the centre of the eye; ear opening
medium, vertical diameter twice the longitudinal. Gran-
ules on the swellings behind the occipital very small.
Gular appendage large, extending backward of the arms,
its scales small, keeled. Body compressed ; dorso-nuchal
fold surmounted by two rows of enlarged, strongly-cari-
nate scales. Dorsal granules small, rough to the touch,
with strong keels, larger toward the vertebral rows, small-
er toward the flanks; ventral scales larger than the dor-
sals, hexagonal, juxtaposed, strongly keeled ; antefemorals
larger, imbricate, keeled, tricarinate in two rows near the
knee. Limbs strong; adpressed, the hind limb reaches
the anterior border of \the eye; digital expansions not
large ; lamelle under phalanges ii and iii of the fourth toe
about twenty-six. Tail compressed, near two and a half

Ls

IGUANIDZA. 15

times as long as head and body, crested above by large
subequal strongly keeled scales; no fin-like expansion.
Post-anal scales not enlarged. Total length of large spec-
imen fourteen inches.

Reddish-brown to light-grayish or bluish; tail with
faintly indicated transverse bands of brown; head darker,
frequently with white spots on the supraorbitals or on the
back of the head; chin and lips white to brownish,
blotched or clouded with dark. Ventral surface whitish,
tinted with blue or olive toward the flanks. Young with
a brownish-vertebral band and limbs freckled with small
spots of lighter or darker.

Hab. Grenada. Sixteen specimens.

ANOLIS GRAHAMII Gray, 1845.
This lizard was found to be very numerous in the neigh-
borhood of Kingston, Jamaica.

ANOLIS CONSPERSUS Garman, 1887, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc.
The specimens from which this species was described,
eighty-seven in number, were collected on the island

Grand Cayman by Mr. W. B. Richardson.

ANOLIS SABANUS, Sp. n.

Head moderate, about one and three-fourths times as
long as broad, longer than the tibia; snout broad ; cheeks
but little swollen in the male; forehead and occiput con-
cave, former with two distinct ridges. Upper head scales
smooth ; scales of the supraorbital semicircles large, an-
terior twice as long as wide, in contact between the or-
bits, rarely separated by a. single row of granules, continued
forwards, in the frontal series, decreasing in size, to the
nostrils ; eight to eleven enlarged feebly keeled supraoc-
ular scales, separated by a single series of granules from
the supraorbitals; occipital as large as or larger than the

16 ON WEST INDIAN REPTILES.

ear-opening, separated from the supraorbital series by one
to three rows of small scales; rostral canthus sharp, of
four or five scales; loreal rows four to five; six or seven
labials to below the centre of the eye. Ear opening mod-
erate, vertical diameter elongate. Gular appendage large
in the male, with smooth scales. A low dorso-nuchal fold
bearing a couple of rows of larger, blunt keeled scales which
increase in size toward the middle of the body. Body
slightly compressed. Dorsal scales small, obtusely keeled,
larger than those on the flanks, much smaller than the
(smooth or faintly keeled) ventrals. The adpressed hind
limb reaches the eye ; digital expansions moderate, twenty-
five lamelle under phalanges ii and iii of the fourth toe.
Tail somewhat compressed, not twice the length of head
and body, with unequal-sized scales, which mark the seg-
ments; crest low in female, higher in male. All of our
specimens are adult, but none bear the fin-like expansion
of Xiphosurus. Enlarged post-anal scales on the male.

Light grayish or yellowish brown profusely spotted
with large spots of black, separated by spaces of equal
width, often confluent on the back and behind the head;
the three series, or lines, on each side of the head, the
median from the eye, converge toward the back of the
neck. On the flanks there are three to four rows of spots,
arranged in ten or a dozen transverse series, the upper of
which are frequently confluent, forming transverse bands.
The top and sides of the head are yellowish, and spotted
with large black spots. The ventral surface is whitish.
On a female the ground color is a little darker and the
spots less distinct and more elongate.

Eggs supposed to belong to this species—sent with a
lot made up entirely of males—have a leathery envelope
and measure in length about five-, and in width about
three-tenths of an inch.

}
44 f
IGUANIDZ. 17

This species has been reported only from the island of
Saba, whence thirteen specimens were sent us by Mr. F.
Lagois and others.

ANOLIS VIRGATUS, sp. Nn.

Head rather large, one and two-thirds times as long as
broad, much longer than the tibia; forehead hardly con-
cave in adults, frontal ridges distinct, occipital scale in a
concavity ; upper head scales faintly keeled; scales of the
supraorbital semicircles large, continuous forward with the
frontal series, in contact or separate mesially ; five to ten
enlarged feebly keeled supraoculars, partially or entirely
separated from the supraorbitals by a single row of gran-
ules ; rostral canthus angular, of four scales; occipital
scales usually larger than the ear-opening, separated from
the supraorbital semicircles by one to three series of gran-
ular scales; loreal rows five; six or seven labials to be-
low the centre of the eye. Ear-opening small, vertically
oblong. Gular appendage medium, covered with smooth
scales. No dorso-nuchal fold. Dorsal scales keeled,
granular, little larger than those on the flanks, slightly
larger at the sides of two enlarged vertebral rows ; scales
around the occipital and on the parietal prominences
larger; ventrals much larger than the largest dorsals,
smooth, imbricate; three or more rows of broad, smooth,
antefemorals. The adpressed hind limb reaches the eye ;
digital expansions medium; twenty-three lamellee under
phalanges ii and iii of the fourth toe. Tail compressed ;
serrated on the upper edge in a crest in which the large
scales are separated from each other by a pair each of
which is about half as large. Males with a pair of en-
larged post anal scales, in contact or separated by a single
scale.

Gray ; white beneath. On back and flanks there are

3

18 ON WEST INDIAN REPTILES.

numerous longitudinal streaks or elongate spots of dark
brown, in cases forming vermiculations ; a whitish band
extends from the arm above the axilla along the flank to
the hinder part of the thigh or the base of the tail; tail
with indistinct transverse bands of brownish; back, in
cases, with faint cross bands.

The types from which this description is taken are fif-
teen specimens collected by Mr. F. Lagois on the island
St. Bart’s.

ANOLIS pisTicHuS Cope, 1861.

About forty specimens are in the collection. They were
secured at Jeremie, Hayti, by Dr. Weinland, at Samana
and Puerto Plata by M. A. Frazar, and at Isle des Vaches,
western Hayti, by the writer.

ANOLIS CYBOTES Cope, 1862.
From Jeremie, Hayti, Dr. Weinland ; and Samana, San
Domingo, M. A. Frazar.

ANOLIS HAETIANUS, var. n.

A variety of A. cybotes which is introduced under this
name, from Tiburon, Hayti, has keeled ventral scales and
eight to.ten rows of loreals. The canthus rostralis is very
prominent laterally and makes acurve considerably rounded
or convex upward.

ANOLIS CITRINELLUS Cope, 1864.
From Port au Prince, Hayti; Prof. Ackermann.

ANOLIS SPECIOSUS, sp. 0.

Head moderate, one and two-thirds to one and three-
fourths times as long as wide, longer than the tibia; fore-
head and occiput slightly concave; frontal ridges low;
upper head scales rugose ; scales of the supraorbital semi-

4,

IGUANIDZ. 19

circles large, continuous forward as frontal series, most
often separated between the orbits by a single series of
granules, occasionally in contact; six to twelve enlarged
supraocular scales, smooth or with a faint keel, separated
from the supraorbitals by a single series of granules, some-
times in contact ; occipital about as large as the ear open-
ing, separated from the supraorbitals by two (one to three)
series; canthus rostralis distinct, scales three or four,
loreal rows four to five; seven to eight labials to below
the centre of the eye; parietal granules enlarged, convex ;
ear opening small, vertically widest. Gular appendage
small, scales smooth or faintly keeled. Body slightly com-
pressed, a very low dorso-nuchal fold surmounted by sev-
eral rows of enlarged keeled granules. Dorsal granules
small, a little enlarged at the sides of the dorsal fold. Ven-
tral scales large, imbricate, faintly keeled, posterior margin
rounded. Antefemorals larger, with low keels. Limbs
moderate, the adpressed hind limb reaches the orbit ; dig-
ital expansions rather small; about twenty-four lamellee
under phalanges ii and iii of the fourth toe. Tail com-
pressed ; with a low crest of large subequal scales, those
marking the segments slightly larger; nearly twice the
length of head and body. Enlarged post-anal scales.

Body uniform greenish to olivaceous blue, legs and head
brownish ; lighter beneath, clouded with brownish on the
chin, throat and anterior portion of the goitre. No white
spots.

A small species, reaching the size of A. principalis.
Common on Marie Galante, whence our specimens were

brought by Mr. W. B. Richardson.

ANOLIS LIVIDUS, sp. n.

Head moderate, one and two-thirds to one and three-
fourths times as long as wide, much longer than the tibia ;
occiput and frontal regions slightly concave ; frontal ridges

20 ON WEST INDIAN REPTILES.

distinct, low ; upper head scales not keeled; scales of the
supraorbital semicircles large, continuous forward with the
frontal series, usually one of each in contact across the in-
terorbital space; eight to twelve enlarged supraoculars,
smooth or with a low tubercle on the centre, separated
from the supraorbitals by one series of granules ; occipital
scale larger than the ear opening, separated from the su-
praorbitals by one series or more ; rostral canthus angular,
of four scales ; loreal rows five; six labials to below the
centre of the eye; ear opening medium, vertical diameter
longer. Gular appendage moderate, smooth scaled.

Body little compressed, dorso-nuchal fold slight. Dor-
sal scales small, granular, keeled, enlarged near the large
ones of the median rows; ventrals large, carinate, imbri-
cate, posterior border rounded ; antefemoral scales larger
than ventrals, keeled. Limbs moderate, adpressed the
hind leg reaches the eye; digital expansions rather large ;
lamellz under phalanges ii and iii of the fourth toe about
twenty-five. Tail compressed, rough, serrated on the up-
per edge by large scales of which that marking the end of
a segment is somewhat larger, less than one and a half
times as long as head and body. Male with enlarged post-
anal scales.

Blue to olive or brownish; head lighter, yellowish to
yellowish brown, a light streak along the upper lip ; belly
lighter, yellowish posteriorly ; legs whitish beneath. The
back is uniform or sprinkled with indistinct small spots of
whitish on neck and shoulders, rarely on the flanks. Young
ones are light grayish and have a dark-edged vertebral
band of light color, which is sometimes crossed by hour-
glass-shaped transverse bands of brown.

Hab. Moutserrat. Fifty-three specimens.

Y ANOLIS LUCI®, sp. n.
Head longer than the tibia, one and three-fourths times

IGUANIDA. pest

as long as broad ; snout depressed, twice as long as the dis-
tance from orbit to ear; forehead and occiput deeply con-
cave ; frontal ridges distinct, having the appearance of di-
viding into two or three anteriorly ; a few only of the upper
head scales keeled ; scales of the supraorbital semicircles
large, not separated between the orbits; eight to twelve
enlarged, smooth to feebly keeled supraocular scales, in
contact with or separated from the supraorbitals, by a sin-
gle series ; occipital about twice as large as the ear open-
ing, in contact with the supraorbitals ; rostral canthus not
prominent, of five scales ; loreal rows four to five; six to
seven labials to below the centre of the eye; ear opening
small, twice as high as long. On large specimens the su-
praorbital ridges become very prominent and continued
backward enclose a cup-shaped depression on the occiput ;
the parietal granules are greatly enlarged. A couple of
rows of much enlarged granules extend back from the
orbit and bend down toward the ear. Gular appendage
moderate, smooth scaled. Body hardly compressed, dorso-
nuchal fold indistinct, marked by a couple of rows of en-
larged keeled scales. Dorsal scales small, very irregular
in sizes, six or eight rows of the vertebrals enlarged and
keeled, those on the flank smaller. Ventrals larger, sub-
hexagonal, juxtaposed, smooth. Limbs medium; ad-
pressed, the hind leg reaches a little in front of the ear ;
digital expansions moderate; lamellz under phalanges ii
and iii of the fourth toe about twenty-seven. Tail feebly
compressed, nearly twice as long as head and body, ser-
rated on the upper edge with low subequal strongly keeled
scales. No enlarged post-anal scales.

Grayish to brownish olive, with or without faint trans-
verse bands of brown on the anterior portion of the body
and on the tail; more blue on the flanks and beneath ; head
darker. On back and flanks there are indistinct traces of

‘22 ON WEST INDIAN REPTILES.

vermiculations in light iridescent tints. On young ones
there are five transverse bands on the body; these indi-
viduals are more gray, or brown, than the large.

Hab. St. Lucia. Thirty-three specimens.

ANOLIS VINCENTII, sp. 0.

Head of medium size, about one and three-fourths times
as long as wide, longer than the tibia, deeply concave
on the forehead and occiput, slightly depressed on the
snout; frontal ridges distinct, not extending forward,
prominent and rough between the orbits in adults; up-
per head scales not keeled; scales of the supraorbital
semicircles large, more or less in contact between the
orbits; nine to fourteen enlarged keeled supraoculars,
separated from the supraorbital series by a series of
granules ; occipital twice as large as the ear-opening,
anterior border rounded, in contact with the supraoc-
ulars ; canthus rostralis not very distinct, of two large
and two or three short scales; loreal rows five to six;
seven to eight labials to below the centre of the eye;
ear opening hardly half as large as the occipital, vertically
oval. Gularappendage large, reaching behind the thorax,
scales smooth. Body little compressed ; a slight dorso-
nuchal: fold. Dorsal scales small, keeled, increasing in
size toward the two mesial rows which are largest. Ven-
tral scales smooth, subhexagonal, hardly imbricate, smaller
than a few of the antefemorals; the latter moderate,
keeled, near the knee tricarinate. Limbs medium, the
adpressed leg reaches the ear; digital expansions not
large ; lamellae under phalanges ii and iii of the fourth toe
about twenty-six. Tail compressed, serrated on the upper
edge by large, sub-equal, pointed scales, more than twice
(two and one-fourth times) as long as head and body.
Postanals not.enlarged.

£7

f
IGUANIDZ. 23

Green to brownish olive; flanks, sacral region, limbs
and tail more or less purple or lilac in life; ventral sur-
faces whitish; gular fold darker, anteriorly, as also in
cases, the lower surface of the neck. Head most often
darker ; upper lip frequently whitish. Very young ones
are bronzed, light reddish brown, with faint transverse
bands and cloudings ; white beneath.

Hab. St. Vincent ; eighty-seven specimens.

ANOLIS LINEATOPUS Gray, 1840.

On very young specimens there are four vertical bands
of brownish on the flank, sometimes more or less subdi-
vided, and from each a sharp angle is presented to one
from the opposite flank, meeting at the vertebral series.

Hab. Kingston, Jamaica. ‘Twenty-five specimens.

ANOLIS SAGRAE (Coct.) Dum. Bibr., 1837.

From Cuba, 5 ex., S. H. Scudder; 7 ex. Caibarien,
Cuba, N. H. Bishop; 60 ex., Matanzas, Havana, and
Bahia Honda, Cuba, S. Garman.

ANOLIS ORDINATUS Cope, 1864.

We have this variety of A. sagrae from the Bahamas, by
C. J. Maynard; New Providence, Bahamas, by F. K.
Shaw; the Florida Keys by Count L. F. de Pourtales ;
and from Nassau, Bahamas, by J. C. Comstock.

ANOLIs Porcatus Gray, 1840.

This Anolis is usually confounded with the A. princip-
alis Linné, from the southern part of the United States.
The species are in reality quite distinct, though bearing
considerable resemblance to each other. Compared with
representatives of A. principalis from the Carolinas, A.
porcatus has a longer snout, stronger and sharper cephalic
ridges, a longer tail, longer legs, more digital lamelle and

/

24 ON WEST INDIAN REPTILES.

larger scales on the loreal region and on the flanks. The
snout is twice the length of the space between the orbit and
the ear; the frontal ridges are very prominent, sharp and
comparatively straight, forward from the interorbital
space ; adpressed, the leg reaches to the middle of the
space between the orbit and the ear; the lamellae under
phalanges ii and iii of the fourth toe number about twen-
ty-eight ; the tail is more than twice as long as both head
and body ; and the loreal rows are commonly three, some-
times four.

On A. principalis the snout is but about one and two-
thirds times the length of the space between the orbit and
the ear; the frontal ridges are less sharp and prominent,
and spread farther apart or are more crooked in the pre-
frontal region; the leg reaches the anterior border of the
ear; there are about twenty-five lamellz under phalanges
ii and iii of the fourth toe; the tail is about one and
three-fourths times as long as head and body ; and the lo-
real rows are five, rarely six or four.

Forty specimens, from Caiburien, by N. H. Bishop, and
from Matanzas, Havana, and Bahia Honda, by the writer.

ANOLIS CHLOROCYANUS Dum. Bibr., 1837.
Hab. Samana, San Domingo. Collected by M. A.

Frazar.

ANOLIS C@LESTINUS Cope, 1862.
From Hayti by Doctor Weinland; from Tiburon,
Hayti, by S. Garman.

ANOLIS PULCHELLUS Dum. Bibr., 1837.

From Port au Prince, Hayti, by Professor Ackermann ;
from Bayamon, Porto Rico, and from St. Thomas by the
writer. Thirty-three specimens.

4¢

IGUANID. 25

ANOLIS SEMILINEATUS Cope, 1864.
From Samana, San Domingo, M. A. Frazar.

Norops OPHIOLEPIS Cope; Bocourt.
Cuba, Prot. S. H. Scudder.

POLYCHRUS MARMORATUS L.; Mer.
Trinidad. Eleven specimens, C. S. Cazabon and S$.
Garman.

LiocerHatus virratus Hallow.; Reinh. & Liitk.
Cuba, and Matanzas, Cuba, C. J. Maynard and 8. Gar-

man.

LIOCEPHALUS MELANOCHLORUS Cope, 1862.
Jeremie, Hayti, Docter Weinland ; Tiburon, Hayti, by
the writer.

LIOCEPHALUS PERSONATUS Cope, 1862.
Jeremie, Hayti, Doctor Weinland; Puerto Plata, San
Domingo, M. A. Frazar.

LIOCEPHALUS CARINATUS Gray, 1827.
Cuba and New Providence, Bahamas, C. J. Maynard.

LioceEPHALUS vaARIus Garman, 1887, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc.
Grand Cayman Island, W. B. Richardson.

Uraniscopon puica L.; Haup.
Trinidad.

CYCLURA CARINATA Harl., 1824.

Turks Island, A. S. Bickmore.

There are combs on both third and fourth toes. Scales
above the snout small and irregular ; teeth serrated.

CycLura NUBILA Gray, 1831.
Cuba ?. Collector ?.
4

26 ON WEST INDIAN REPTILES.

The plates above the snout are broad and flattened ; the
combs appear on both third and fourth toes ; teeth serra-
ted.

CycLura cornuta, Daudin sp.

Metopocerus cornutus Wag.

Jeremie, Hayti, Dr. D. F. Weinland; Navassa, Prof.
S. F. Baird.

In the memoirs of the Mus. Comp. Zodél., VIII, 1883
(Rept. and Batr. N. Amer., Introd., p. xiii) the writer
called attention to the peculiar specialized corneous dig-
ging combs on the third and fourth toes of the hind foot
of this lizard. Since that time this apparatus has been
found by Professor Cope to mark the species of Cyclura,
also of burrowing habits, and to afford a most important
character in distinguishing them from the species of Cten-
osaura.

IGUANA TUBERCULATA Laur., 1768.

Trinidad, C. S. Cazabon; Saba, F. Lagois: St. Thom-
as, S. Garman; Grenada, P. Gellinau.

The Grenada specimens are intermediate between J.
tuberculata and I. rhinolopha. They have one prominent
series of tubercles on the neck, and several scattered
ones above the hinder extremity of the series. The tu-
bercles on the snout are not so prominent as in J. rhin-
olopha from Central America, but the arrangement is the
same. The tubercles on the neck are comparatively few
as compared with those on Nicaraguan types.

IGUANA DELICATISSIMA Laur., 1768.

Nevis and St. Barts, F. Lagois.

The eggs of these specimens are elongate, about one
and seven-eighths inches by one and one-eighth.

ae

$/

ON WEST INDIAN REPTILES.

SCINCID..

BY SAMUEL GARMAN.

Masura stoanit Gray, 1845.

Supranasals separated behind the rostral; parietals in
contact behind the interparietal; two pairs of broad nu-
chals ; four supraorbitals ; four labials in front of the sub-
orbital, sometimes five; scales smooth, in thirty rows
around the body ; fifty-four to fifty-five from chin to vent
in the mesial row.

Jamaica.

MABUIA NITIDA, sp. 0.

Supranasals in contact; parietals in contact ; two pairs
ef nuchals ; four supraorbitals, sometimes three ; four su-
praciliaries ; five labials in front of the suborbital, some-
times four; scales smooth, in thirty rows, sixty to sixty-
three from chin to vent. Tail one and one-half times the
length of head and body.

Olive, bronzed ; a brownish band from nostril to hip is
edged with an indistinct band of lighter above and below ;
a few, angular small spots of brown, with white lateral
edges, on back and limbs.

Porto Rico; San Domingo.

MaBUIA LUCL&, sp. n.
Supranasals in contact ; parietals in contact ; one to two
pairs of nuchals ; four supraorbitals ; four labials in front

(27)

28 ON WEST INDIAN REPTILES. °

of the suborbital; scales striate, in thirty rows, sixty-six
from chin to vent. Tail one and one-half times the length
of bedy and head.

Olive, bronzed; nearly uniform brownish posteriorly ;
anteriorly with an irregular and broken band of brown
from snout to shoulder; arm and neck to flank with dark-
edged small spots of white ; dark edges on the scales form
obliquely transverse streaks on the back; dark lateral
edges of the ventrals form longitudinal lines of brown
from chin to tail.

St. Lucia.

MABUIA DOMINICANA, Sp. Ni.

Supranasals separate ; parietals in contact ; nuchals one
pair; four supraorbitals ; four labials in front of the sub-
orbital, sometimes five ; scales rugose, in thirty to thirty-
two rows, sixty-eight to seventy-two from chin to vent.
Tail about one and two-thirds times as long as head and
body.

Brownish-olive, bronzed; a dark band from snout to
hip, edged above by a paler one and below by a white line
that becomes indistinct backward; white beneath. For-
ward on young specimens the pale bands are white, and
at the inner edge of each, on the back, there is a series of
brown spots.

Dominica.

;

MABUIA MABOUIA, sp. D. & B.

Supranasals separate ; parietals in contact ; nuchals one
pair; three supraorbitals ; four labials in front of the sub-
orbital, sometimes five; scales with faint striz, in twen-
ty-eight to thirty rows, sixty-three to sixty-five from chin
to vent.

St. Pierre and Ft. de France, Martinique.

23
SCINCID &. 29

MABUIA AENEA Gray, 1845.

Supranasals separate; parietals separate; nuchals one
pair; four supraorbitals ; five labials in front of the sub-
orbital, sometimes four; scales feebly striate, in twenty-
eight to thirty rows, fifty-four to fifty-eight from chin to
vent.

St. Vincent; Grenada; Trinidad.

Masur aciuis Radd.; Fitz.
Supranasals in contact; parietals in contact; nuchals

one pair; four supraorbitals ; four labials in front of sub-
orbital ; scales in thirty rows, strive faint, fifty-four to fifty-
six scales from chin to vent.

Rio Janeiro, Para and Villa Bella, Brazil.

Masvia AuRATA Schn.; Pers.

Supranasals usually separated; parietals in contact;
nuchals one pair; four supraorbitals ; four labials in front
of the suborbital ; scales smooth, in twenty-eight to thirty
rows, fifty-eight to sixty-two from chin to vent.

Rio Janeiro and Goyaz, Brazil, to Turbo, Chagres River
and Nicaragua on the Isthmus.

The“ specimens from which the foregoing notes have
been taken are in the Museum of Comparative Zoology
at Cambridge, Mass., U. S. A.

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7

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